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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" I, b- m' T- f
Formal Statements
" ^4 T g: \6 t+ |" Z 1. Public Speeches
- e3 }& `. C8 ?$ V 2. Letters of opposition or support
) B4 ]) p- N4 I1 J 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ a F! s1 F; K6 |
4. Signed public statements
4 E' J4 a$ U) ^2 x8 M( d 5. Declarations of indictment and intention* L/ Q8 ]9 `- L- F1 v. o
6. Group or mass petitions
. h8 e4 j- H5 O* V1 J; f* ^! e# x5 W' Y/ f8 u
Communications with a Wider Audience- V6 D$ n* W: V- X2 n; O# e
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* F( X# X5 I* Y" c- U7 t' L 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 b; x1 E2 _, m/ K 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 w! b% q: m8 u; {+ H
10. Newspapers and journals
! n% |+ t8 x6 k2 g1 D 11. Records, radio, and television
% b$ i9 D. s7 w* i 12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 K% g0 k- A) S
, i% b+ F. ?. _3 C: m2 l$ qGroup Representations" E1 x9 {$ K$ G- G8 n1 f
13. Deputations/ }- e n. f3 x8 C9 _
14. Mock awards
& H e4 {# N/ w$ l% U0 W+ B2 x# Y 15. Group lobbying
# N( K5 |4 B. D( U9 ~; ^ 16. Picketing0 q2 P x0 ~# o$ k! W. U' o# K1 K
17. Mock elections
5 ]+ V! ~$ n# J. W. @9 d2 `4 N% v9 v+ f0 N; Z# J# U
Symbolic Public Acts
' `+ Y# x" ?1 X 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors* R( f3 r) u! \8 ^9 ~9 }
19. Wearing of symbols( G w% r$ T, c) z' d" n: `
20. Prayer and worship- X! @2 H/ g+ W1 ^3 e- R
21. Delivering symbolic objects8 Z$ w' G0 B) R) C
22. Protest disrobings
% D- Y8 t% o. Y, j' Q- F 23. Destruction of own property0 u e8 s4 z6 ^, ]4 p, o, L+ ^6 _
24. Symbolic lights
; X9 V* i7 Q% h! j 25. Displays of portraits
* p9 u, s' W. U9 }9 k4 D 26. Paint as protest5 ]# K- |& d6 c) J% Y& d8 i
27. New signs and names2 P( e- P9 g; R6 u$ ?- A- \
28. Symbolic sounds
& I+ A* S5 C3 a. W% g 29. Symbolic reclamations; z0 h4 `0 }) c1 N W) \* P
30. Rude gestures
5 u: f% p7 ~: m3 S: d+ x
2 Q$ |- e0 L8 ] G h; LPressures on Individuals
! g$ S# p( s3 ~& n 31. “Haunting” officials
: p) o @( c( e+ n& @# \ 32. Taunting officials q; s* x9 `7 n4 ?: Z! n3 {2 C" U
33. Fraternization
: O% E! `9 \3 X% y 34. Vigils
& p% E/ N7 T) I* J* C+ ? u! T3 L! d2 z1 `
Drama and Music
S, b1 a( {3 N4 I) q 35. Humorous skits and pranks
( [2 b9 H, a1 \) ?& J, c 36. Performances of plays and music. B: @/ _* u4 m
37. Singing: W- G! |# Q& G& `5 i+ I4 U
( w+ ~$ N: b% Y& V3 Q
Processions
W4 X& o+ U% ~0 C1 z 38. Marches6 }. M& a5 l: B/ H W7 A7 a
39. Parades7 `0 @* t& V$ o% A k
40. Religious processions
! K; W" _) k( z 41. Pilgrimages
: K _- E1 m3 j, J2 {+ g 42. Motorcades+ \; h$ y% x" r8 g/ d1 s, g
" [/ d0 H! O' y& ~! W' JHonoring the Dead. `( |* n1 q$ n ]2 [! ]
43. Political mourning
& v$ w( N s1 n 44. Mock funerals+ {0 K( E" P! q2 p2 s0 \
45. Demonstrative funerals3 ]1 y% {, X9 g; a9 b! H. @& o/ C8 {
46. Homage at burial places) T& G$ V7 \# \
& c( b9 x) _- O) g$ V$ F- Q6 }4 z
Public Assemblies
7 h3 D, o; [' E# c/ j 47. Assemblies of protest or support
% E" ]/ @8 M, |& C) v7 W/ O' x 48. Protest meetings7 n* G4 X0 G1 d6 z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& {9 R5 w/ q: l0 G0 {0 P
50. Teach-ins
$ h5 E8 U' J$ g
& @3 t& g% d. Z4 E7 R7 a% GWithdrawal and Renunciation/ `) ` L( M% A8 }3 C. {" x
51. Walk-outs
/ G7 b) v2 @+ `7 o% K4 E- S 52. Silence: k1 I+ W) @- d
53. Renouncing honors
! ^% D* o- i; h; d/ B 54. Turning one’s back& {2 ?+ L M% q) [0 A
+ T! ?. R, ~! C1 f* y5 b
1 E7 D8 F- H1 { k7 @6 @! u4 C! ` N/ i4 Z
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION; v7 R- z6 [9 ^& x4 U# B8 P
+ O: J) M i/ H1 N* t 7 y+ t3 G# c" |) B! Z- J* W
5 |" F: ?; U2 u) G2 DOstracism of Persons
* S' H! i* |5 L. [6 j" U 55. Social boycott
7 U+ ~' T4 V) a9 d6 h2 z3 r0 t 56. Selective social boycott X! l+ p4 M# H& V t
57. Lysistratic nonaction: t+ A5 Q! n' D* T+ x# }
58. Excommunication' U% q+ S" N3 }" ]
59. Interdict
6 r; W$ n, B( |+ r: ?. S) P: K# A0 o* _" t5 T% n5 B
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 v6 I* N' p3 C 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
: \) n$ w+ v" |# }4 O9 g 61. Boycott of social affairs
# _) g( [, A( k" e+ S' w# c 62. Student strike
6 C* m1 y" N- M' _, L! G/ L 63. Social disobedience
2 o `, Z$ @# X B- w' q' m; A0 s9 U* ~ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 |9 K) L2 y- v8 t+ k' F
3 {7 l% |2 J. Q; g8 YWithdrawal from the Social System- ?- i5 _3 @8 }; S7 C( h
65. Stay-at-home( s" g( J7 Q( }% W. |
66. Total personal noncooperation# S4 N) b+ i6 e! d4 G
67. “Flight” of workers
& y4 g- p1 x# [- ? 68. Sanctuary
* K& t X1 @/ l2 A 69. Collective disappearance n& B7 `# @6 J/ Z& N1 A$ P. b
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# `) G& ]$ v+ I5 ?/ m
3 T+ X9 s7 b# ?; X* P) d3 u' c$ ^
3 u4 i" T; P8 {/ t' J' ?% I
: P1 {+ j& `6 {, _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! X. P) n0 B f" U
3 f# `5 ]: w) q2 u7 ^+ x i
* |6 m S6 i5 x/ j2 G7 D: hActions by Consumers
8 r$ z4 B8 e1 V. |' u 71. Consumers’ boycott" w" c! \# @! A Z" F: [& \
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 @: J c; l+ }+ N7 N2 Q 73. Policy of austerity( ?" ?5 J. F9 h+ m
74. Rent withholding
2 j' C5 b$ C! V3 \/ d 75. Refusal to rent! s: Q) o+ O$ y- G0 c: y7 ~5 M
76. National consumers’ boycott
`: \& J4 f+ {2 N! G 77. International consumers’ boycott: \' s) e( X$ s3 D! i6 n2 z
# @, c. X$ z7 _# x2 V+ j( {* xAction by Workers and Producers
" Y4 r J( R% m. O7 _ 78. Workmen’s boycott/ v, K) B& D; U1 X8 A8 s
79. Producers’ boycott
. G, C6 m3 g- n7 t
5 l& \9 m+ V- G% o0 w/ x6 WAction by Middlemen
5 a8 v6 g# w/ I 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 J4 }- F2 D3 @ E l# |1 { `+ Z. }$ J0 @, \1 F/ U3 S0 K9 k
Action by Owners and Management- [. p1 g6 X! H
81. Traders’ boycott
, @! {( \: D$ [6 X 82. Refusal to let or sell property* l5 g% o* ~, m) d
83. Lockout+ y1 X7 Q+ ^9 K& n/ \
84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 x; |& I( g- Z6 e. D0 p& y% w7 g) |
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, [* C1 t9 J, J2 o
* v, c( {0 W a( K2 |Action by Holders of Financial Resources
- ?. Z K1 n6 s4 I& Y, @ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
: w2 z3 I5 O. P9 A/ A, i# h e! \0 c 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ |6 p _ x2 X/ B& J, X" q; e2 ~
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest% M. A2 F% Z# N- _! e5 U
89. Severance of funds and credit
H5 G5 z4 k9 y' ?' F9 S9 {: ~$ N 90. Revenue refusal
0 z1 a3 E1 a* M' F. R 91. Refusal of a government’s money$ D$ H" M2 E( X! z
7 O8 k. E9 T/ r, E( G0 k8 b
Action by Governments- P5 c; N( g4 ]% C4 W0 o& d
92. Domestic embargo3 A8 _* ~( q; k) Z5 f0 ~6 a) M+ }
93. Blacklisting of traders! T) H3 m' |5 ~& D5 z0 ?
94. International sellers’ embargo$ x, n L! M# G; E
95. International buyers’ embargo
' Q' O, O0 R( G0 g9 \. Q 96. International trade embargo% g2 B- D/ C A4 v- f0 G
5 T! A/ s5 k. i, x) `4 |& G
0 o. }; R @5 X# K7 S3 t1 i4 G1 N/ a' Z& C
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; R' M6 [, \6 w7 C, |0 t8 t! e( ?
5 N- J( R* H) U* y( W# J
+ p# s) _+ V6 R: ], ^; m7 aSymbolic Strikes
2 y- x! { q- Q- I- R5 `% Q# s* [# n& W 97. Protest strike
' P' c. a7 j t( G+ f | 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# T4 G) _. \9 O" G2 s! G2 f6 R
% k; W/ [, k: v. Y$ t' p7 BAgricultural Strikes
$ z* [% J/ H4 \# J1 ?5 x( u4 s 99. Peasant strike
# _/ H6 T* j2 D2 i 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ w9 n- Y0 E- _0 @3 X
d1 S. Q& V D4 r4 XStrikes by Special Groups) T* ^. t. |: P5 `
101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 f1 m+ }+ E# D6 m& q# p! j* _, q |$ R 102. Prisoners’ strike
; n6 i3 R7 h! o* z 103. Craft strike8 A+ z, s& |8 |$ I; b& O: p: c
104. Professional strike4 M! a4 T; n e% B, {
- I) z! o* n' f, X5 ^- r8 COrdinary Industrial Strikes; B, Z6 F2 w3 N3 ?. k) {7 a1 b
105. Establishment strike" v6 X# k; i9 W" }! h9 Q* z1 o
106. Industry strike$ X) Q/ b9 i/ X$ ^- J' r3 q
107. Sympathetic strike, V E9 H/ L3 j7 u2 J
# W/ a+ l7 d- b" L3 f6 T& C7 kRestricted Strikes
" E' @. Q6 L/ L3 `3 x8 L 108. Detailed strike
: ~" }3 j# A" e$ p9 K0 S7 c 109. Bumper strike2 `; m. J+ o. d* [8 B
110. Slowdown strike
( C3 q* c' `7 a! q& k# v* @ 111. Working-to-rule strike
4 P2 E/ F4 f/ p& L! u+ [2 Z% | 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 [; F. @2 ~7 m) i7 Y( J& b( l
113. Strike by resignation
) w T* X J8 V' Z 114. Limited strike
2 K* D" |; X/ a ~- `- ]9 [* I% ? 115. Selective strike
9 x, M/ H& ?9 o+ J# P& Q" J* @3 f4 R, D/ z& h: d. u
Multi-Industry Strikes' @+ F1 a0 t/ b5 X5 K$ c
( d; x6 U( h- P: u/ |
116. Generalized strike! ~& ]! o- M* l4 [
6 q0 A, k. U5 ^) D. c 117. General strike
8 U5 R% Z: S1 w2 D* w/ r
8 V( e0 T$ N( ~+ Z+ O$ @. _Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 E# Y& K& R3 b, K
8 Y3 D& y; `$ z. S3 } 118. Hartal
% P `8 W% s# r7 `" @# V
& b$ n0 Z2 H i* y. d- ^3 w 119. Economic shutdown( i1 g* F( B# F% P) i x5 b
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( N4 o8 n! J5 N) O6 K! GTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! s/ s c( }5 R3 g
/ A( ~, z* f# F* k0 a& U 8 Z( }6 o6 U& z8 z
Rejection of Authority
$ f9 l( W* }9 w, b# g! i% x/ P5 ? 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 Z, K. o3 U9 F3 M K" l1 k
121. Refusal of public support D/ Z* S% L z( \: y* y/ A
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 A, t- ~2 m6 h2 Q5 T
2 g5 Q! w' p/ `) j4 X% o$ vCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 m- y) c/ A, b t1 f# H5 I
123. Boycott of legislative bodies# G- n$ _/ Y3 w
124. Boycott of elections
0 ^4 e$ T2 l0 z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 C- w; e* L. U1 _# ?$ }4 N( R- H 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; k! `6 y! P" H+ _& k& e/ v! H 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' `' e! `! Z3 L8 H9 K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ A- H* }" g. c9 y" P5 K 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 B7 l/ }3 T$ x( Z' K6 q/ L# ]3 F. i 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! y9 ?5 K, f* f 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 l; M0 k6 @9 A' {9 J8 R 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 B) N% z; T+ P' _* s
. ~, {! Y; {* B& u5 [- V( HCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 I1 [; t8 f8 i$ Q# A! F 133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 g% J, D, B1 q8 z" M+ b0 Q9 A
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 h; _. V% a: e4 o+ u& `& } 135. Popular nonobedience
# u/ ? y8 A9 m) C 136. Disguised disobedience
9 X2 s/ _, k5 n, u) c# f 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 H! B& i4 l0 b q7 f 138. Sitdown
) }6 l: h5 h5 g; Z! H+ Z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation( |: P$ Z8 f5 n( j4 J, Z8 K3 r
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, F; l' G+ k- L
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 v: ?7 c; ^3 A8 ]; N4 x+ A5 |/ ], K; N3 g
Action by Government Personnel
) d& m5 ~7 Y) m9 M o6 z2 C 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' s& P3 s' m3 I N; U
143. Blocking of lines of command and information/ B, F9 z) K$ ~; o7 N# U+ X4 p# |
144. Stalling and obstruction5 w; ?7 B W' j0 {* v
145. General administrative noncooperation
& x& M7 A- i! @1 l) W& N4 A, U: ^8 I A$ c" W
146. Judicial noncooperation
" ~" s0 I7 B+ E% G, e* w$ t. h1 } 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 a# v4 [8 ]5 u& \/ Y 148. Mutiny x9 a7 O' ] s: m+ M# L
Domestic Governmental Action# K4 Q' Q: I2 {" C7 k. H: X
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. x5 S9 Q' ~; r l% o$ L) \9 A* X
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% X' A4 b* t9 f
J' m; j V: j. H- g0 \8 L: OInternational Governmental Action
9 @4 h. G! Q% ^9 p) a; E2 t 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 ^+ l/ @7 c* a' {# _' z8 r; a 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 V, Z5 U# T4 `. s* L9 u 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! c. H% L$ r) n9 j
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" j7 r% |3 @5 i. T 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ z2 d& D5 [6 }# E( T 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
2 T$ s1 e& K- n, ~ 157. Expulsion from international organizations' A- O0 }# E- E% C
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
0 t4 w" [& F( r }0 { O4 P
: r! E7 O) G& U 1 E. L" ^# B7 |9 F$ }2 e
Psychological Intervention. F0 b+ p7 L4 `# h1 [. X4 s/ _ F
158. Self-exposure to the elements( T" I/ K1 k9 ]
159. The fast& i* _, d0 O5 a$ A( G5 ^
a) Fast of moral pressure b, E. x. B$ k5 h- k
b) Hunger strike- r! T" d+ w% \& v
c) Satyagrahic fast/ X* h2 P% t# ]& ~. m. Q# m1 H R4 H
160. Reverse trial3 ^0 I5 b. x6 x. @9 ~
161. Nonviolent harassment& f! y3 [ w# f7 b( w) V
! ^1 u8 i5 }- C
Physical Intervention
& P v8 r# F! u: ] 162. Sit-in5 r$ `/ t* o( k
163. Stand-in% c/ N2 z8 x% }
164. Ride-in
) a' ]1 L1 G! D$ L& l3 \ 165. Wade-in: }4 ?1 X9 s+ G1 ^0 P
166. Mill-in7 c1 F+ _6 w- ~4 h5 `( D
167. Pray-in' x9 C; b- S& ^& r" C1 X
168. Nonviolent raids
/ I- L6 Z* H- F5 a+ @ 169. Nonviolent air raids. R- E0 S Y/ A" q# m5 r( e+ G
170. Nonviolent invasion: w# T% F( B- T3 @( I- T8 @
171. Nonviolent interjection
$ y% a0 d& n+ v2 [4 o; B 172. Nonviolent obstruction2 z% f9 y; I+ v" A
173. Nonviolent occupation' H+ Y2 B- h: `( j2 y: w2 f. ]+ y
4 c8 A. [# v$ q! F
Social Intervention
: H' j9 @# O1 i' u4 [$ I( k5 J* M 174. Establishing new social patterns
. _8 p' M0 m. j3 {1 h4 A2 M 175. Overloading of facilities
' \8 q/ Q& M1 C: R! K& T k 176. Stall-in' O2 f1 W% q3 O L
177. Speak-in! s8 t+ `% S8 Z& t
178. Guerrilla theater
, o3 E" f! X) ?2 h0 w( |& k/ j 179. Alternative social institutions
* [! l# h& u+ n z 180. Alternative communication system
% H6 Q6 M/ a3 m$ E5 x& y- c' G2 {3 i; y2 `
Economic Intervention7 a8 z7 J- {- ~) B7 D6 H7 f
181. Reverse strike6 h" D0 o0 @0 ?) {
182. Stay-in strike2 t, ^1 c7 ^0 G5 p- C
183. Nonviolent land seizure; i, S7 r/ U: ~3 ^ Q# Q9 k
184. Defiance of blockades
8 _% H- p. j& | 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
. Y2 S1 p- e- ] 186. Preclusive purchasing
O6 M* p: q5 {9 c 187. Seizure of assets
1 x6 S2 i4 S' m @) \ 188. Dumping6 O9 }) n0 S: Z2 F! J. B+ Q
189. Selective patronage' o% w! B1 Z1 i, q2 Y1 t C K* z6 l
190. Alternative markets5 |# v2 I8 O1 i2 P" A6 T
191. Alternative transportation systems @! }) K3 a) O- L
192. Alternative economic institutions
$ c2 s. M* |+ h6 c/ z E) T+ N# V! h- y' H M( t4 l9 M! r
Political Intervention
?( {" k1 L6 \6 @% {0 ] 193. Overloading of administrative systems- T8 D: a0 F. Q! i
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
# P$ I8 M! _" q, w) P* E" o2 V 195. Seeking imprisonment: s! t0 Q x4 H6 b ` O8 B# Q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, ^% E. s3 I; _3 p7 r# e( _$ Z
197. Work-on without collaboration
5 t& g" M. H# i. E' n) S* P 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
