 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
1 o8 g6 [4 l9 m; mFormal Statements; v A4 ?, a E
1. Public Speeches
1 i) ^; g3 m" a 2. Letters of opposition or support
* Q1 l/ k% B4 H' K 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- y2 V4 c3 C; x: g
4. Signed public statements
( P5 P& ?& P/ p; R 5. Declarations of indictment and intention% I8 ^2 y+ c4 b d6 _7 H6 g5 [, b
6. Group or mass petitions
/ G- Y9 c4 F/ P2 g1 p' n2 o! P/ x" G( y; L( w% I. L
Communications with a Wider Audience; J% [% _" y% E" Z5 D
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% l: d8 O, p! G* Y( {
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 m( w2 {" u7 x: m 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 Q! E+ x% p2 K3 Q2 p) n0 i" J4 ]6 W 10. Newspapers and journals/ ]! u+ v K/ s' N) p
11. Records, radio, and television s. a1 r1 L' k* s4 M
12. Skywriting and earthwriting, ^/ l1 c- K( x6 |5 g
% w$ e& q# S2 O5 D" U
Group Representations
& w8 z( f) Y9 y% @0 G$ \6 m; y3 ] 13. Deputations8 L: L- t) j, e$ H2 E( H6 }/ A* r* ~
14. Mock awards
; C7 K3 F5 f9 `& s. l 15. Group lobbying
U. M8 \2 R8 O: I# g* c 16. Picketing
: `/ v g$ O( o, Q- Q 17. Mock elections
+ a8 ^& ]3 G/ ~+ v; i6 G' m5 t# i; x; Y- x; ]; G7 f
Symbolic Public Acts
, f% d0 |5 K. t7 \: w& C& G 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 o4 E# x8 w- y
19. Wearing of symbols
8 ~& i( m7 V4 ` 20. Prayer and worship' b: [+ N0 e: U c
21. Delivering symbolic objects
- s3 o9 o4 `% l6 p! F& N 22. Protest disrobings
/ P& I; T* o* Q+ R' y' L" O* a 23. Destruction of own property
u, h9 y. B) E# k4 ~: u& z+ Q 24. Symbolic lights$ {2 J- e7 l+ S$ e2 O9 z* @' k
25. Displays of portraits
+ `4 H6 I' I$ u; ^7 n6 T& h 26. Paint as protest
* o( q. N7 y6 M8 a9 v9 G 27. New signs and names% {" [/ N$ L$ o s7 z- {8 ^* i' q9 R: `
28. Symbolic sounds9 z4 w! A! W4 q3 m$ c2 A7 p
29. Symbolic reclamations; i$ x% A: H! T2 L
30. Rude gestures7 ^* y% S4 M& d6 x7 g
, X9 _* @" g' BPressures on Individuals0 E4 ]' ^8 X1 L
31. “Haunting” officials( x' y0 v' \. e& J
32. Taunting officials8 ^ {- m3 j* E7 t n* }# D
33. Fraternization. N$ g, N3 ~8 |0 u* ^, i
34. Vigils
3 E8 i* S8 Z* z8 \4 q
! @" o( @% L# [' h; F3 QDrama and Music
( T7 n% i. u4 Q" B$ t! y 35. Humorous skits and pranks
* B' t8 g5 x5 A. J2 t; i 36. Performances of plays and music( s8 {! D/ H4 ]; W8 p' v, q' b
37. Singing, n5 M' {; x1 D; W5 Y
( q" ]- v6 h9 ^Processions
( ^; }0 k5 [) m. ^/ ` 38. Marches! m. `6 u6 a8 r) @& w& L3 g2 Z
39. Parades
. [7 ?2 P+ E9 I5 p) c 40. Religious processions
; a4 s* h4 Z2 v) Y' c 41. Pilgrimages
# k2 ]4 l) h& u: r! ?5 M8 ~ 42. Motorcades+ Q, y; ~3 g5 ?
# h4 o0 N' U8 Y
Honoring the Dead
% O& {) ^5 O" w; @: q) I8 k 43. Political mourning
' c4 m8 ~2 ]1 f. f' S, u4 u. T 44. Mock funerals
0 A7 y L+ O" \0 a 45. Demonstrative funerals
' V1 m4 D" m( B 46. Homage at burial places9 t3 ~8 A; `) X
# Y. [0 W5 J# l1 I; o
Public Assemblies5 [8 N1 }9 T# |& L. E
47. Assemblies of protest or support
: Z8 n8 b. Z+ W% v' e5 ~; t% a 48. Protest meetings. v! G5 c8 r' \% }8 T) C
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ p& L4 Z$ u7 E( @9 f. u
50. Teach-ins
& Z# O. R. y4 v0 v$ S, h0 m+ C) E" {4 ?! J. m2 |! G9 c3 p3 ~
Withdrawal and Renunciation
, i# f- ~- C& \ 51. Walk-outs
5 y4 h R; y+ K0 h0 ? 52. Silence
/ c, D1 e, Y* S$ c6 u, h. Y9 | 53. Renouncing honors: l9 C, r0 t: W" Q6 V
54. Turning one’s back
* J; `/ v8 g$ d4 `6 F* Z% O- e9 c2 e7 d3 \ G+ Z/ x
9 E+ z: S# F7 e
: ]! N7 W4 D2 A& WTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 U) o. r4 d6 x5 G3 d- N: E( ?1 N
+ r9 c( O* j7 k+ d& N+ R
8 S3 ~4 \: `9 R7 w. K% ?
/ k c2 f5 c/ ]1 M7 ?3 Q( X! P2 J1 TOstracism of Persons; t/ b/ Y3 C3 ~* S8 r' S8 C6 F$ S, k. }
55. Social boycott& J" Z" Y% n4 v q4 H
56. Selective social boycott: ~' B; ]- V. O0 j5 N5 m& A1 Z& y; G
57. Lysistratic nonaction0 T. R) i3 `# Q7 c a0 J1 t
58. Excommunication' r8 L0 U# C+ p; R! b! J; d C
59. Interdict5 w! Y' `: l! B* ?$ I' U
$ R* c9 q) a% g" BNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 W. C4 N0 D: j* S; @ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 }/ g, Q+ g. [# P9 w6 \ 61. Boycott of social affairs& P _* g9 [; z, n- k9 O
62. Student strike8 [/ f0 g K }: K- Z) E
63. Social disobedience" Q4 a9 m$ G# p& q8 H% O' f
64. Withdrawal from social institutions( D5 q! n) ]/ z1 V9 o
; A, s, p d3 d9 G$ YWithdrawal from the Social System7 R! b R1 g3 O/ [
65. Stay-at-home1 U7 M) W& v0 {" ^4 @' X
66. Total personal noncooperation N" R' k9 m1 V: M4 c0 V+ t5 S
67. “Flight” of workers
( j& B4 o& w6 a: ]2 P) V: e: s 68. Sanctuary
7 ~5 j4 W# x! E6 g+ Y/ d! q- [ 69. Collective disappearance
4 z7 i/ j, Z6 K( a6 {+ h1 h 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
6 g8 n. ^$ }. U, R6 w Y
8 g1 H/ _+ |! S/ O0 v9 F
0 d$ i: L! x1 V7 ^" s5 Y& O+ N4 t4 i& o0 m2 g0 I6 z+ C
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS, g/ E6 z& n4 c7 }- b
" B2 X8 M" o& B' f% | / \# K5 }; K H& W3 |. \
Actions by Consumers
+ v1 @1 y, o3 V D4 Z7 d6 D 71. Consumers’ boycott
- Q- `6 _7 Q* r+ G! Y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods y+ Y/ n, d" c G5 {. p
73. Policy of austerity0 G9 ]$ ?+ [( ?2 G
74. Rent withholding5 |! ~( k6 B& d4 }
75. Refusal to rent
/ O% Y1 K& T) d0 z9 j) L5 n8 f7 m0 @ 76. National consumers’ boycott
8 {3 r' |& ` E4 b 77. International consumers’ boycott+ Z5 v, a2 B9 Q( d
( D1 N( z, I- B2 K! O1 X5 {5 M
Action by Workers and Producers3 |9 k0 Z9 I/ l+ w
78. Workmen’s boycott4 l! f: [# q! C4 |5 U5 ] E! r( l2 T
79. Producers’ boycott
3 _ k; b: S. m# C+ Y' h' P4 Y& M6 ~
Action by Middlemen
" u! W9 a8 J! C, S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 J9 F. ~! d* y
* D- A: ~8 a4 c# T4 [# ]& V' K, q- \Action by Owners and Management o n3 n/ T/ R v/ N
81. Traders’ boycott
' k% E# D/ s3 d" |# M* G! E 82. Refusal to let or sell property& N3 T- @5 g P7 f7 A( r( U
83. Lockout7 l/ E/ D/ y7 s- j) r
84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ s1 _! h, u$ V& }. x+ O6 ~( C
85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 x# j% P! L# [6 J5 M
" _; Y" d; k% H6 Y& z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources: ~4 G" K8 G2 p/ N
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
2 p% w" b0 V8 S! g 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 u) M9 a3 D6 T' R 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! {* f$ l- K9 `* g4 P* O5 V1 w4 c
89. Severance of funds and credit9 ]* k; e) k. N; Z. B* I
90. Revenue refusal
. x ~+ c" l& m 91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 c9 T+ n t. A" i* V
$ \4 e# |+ s+ p: wAction by Governments4 }& k, i8 t. W5 G
92. Domestic embargo
7 @) f5 P9 U+ ]- k 93. Blacklisting of traders6 a* ] C) O. A4 D
94. International sellers’ embargo9 B$ h5 o0 b2 |) w: h
95. International buyers’ embargo
9 U5 N P% T" B d2 r' B' v( W 96. International trade embargo5 N/ p0 Q$ c2 Z5 T4 u% j/ a
- {# I. O: `' U; F 7 g9 b# M: W5 D+ Y8 ~$ g" u
" _1 V, x+ Q( A7 ]6 J, d. x JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
& l5 @0 ^/ C3 q9 X: D, u" e4 d- [' f8 X" u) S$ l% _$ L! f; C) D
; @4 H G. |2 z7 \' W/ z, @Symbolic Strikes7 @! k" A& O5 d# O. z5 F" ?
97. Protest strike
2 Q0 @2 \4 K a0 v 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% k5 @; ^( s$ F6 W" y, b2 C5 k; Z
7 h& z) p0 p/ u) }% {" P
Agricultural Strikes
1 b$ H% r4 l. _3 E- ~4 O9 h% B6 h 99. Peasant strike% y$ \3 h+ \4 e% B% T6 N- T
100. Farm Workers’ strike! b; b J9 _4 p1 f6 W
4 M7 v' e1 V3 ?/ B5 A& R
Strikes by Special Groups1 Y4 v9 S0 b: M6 U
101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ K5 j- @+ C0 P2 E 102. Prisoners’ strike8 F6 W" H3 Y# G0 x
103. Craft strike
8 y0 Q% ]/ m3 W" S9 ~- F* O2 X" p S 104. Professional strike
. O/ d( J2 D( \! S& b. E0 U6 i h
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
- ^" {8 p) ?/ q, v+ C6 T0 {4 B8 d 105. Establishment strike
* @4 L: ]1 `0 l# l- |) U7 _ 106. Industry strike( T8 _0 C0 ~3 H* B9 ?2 i
107. Sympathetic strike
1 E/ s7 K& h7 [' U" {) H) j a0 _+ G0 K3 X. J+ b( v" Y5 Q: n* r/ N
Restricted Strikes
( T% b- v: [+ u 108. Detailed strike' r' H/ o2 y7 l# x9 e: |8 p9 o
109. Bumper strike* a* ~' m: Z% v2 d3 ~8 C
110. Slowdown strike( o# S0 d1 T/ ~+ l1 t1 ]/ |1 R8 l, {+ G
111. Working-to-rule strike
+ Q; f7 ?! G* Y# ~9 k! b 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 i) U4 U+ g* Z k! J% ?, t/ B$ H 113. Strike by resignation
1 H3 P6 F8 Y% v4 f8 j: y 114. Limited strike
8 ]& r1 C' F) \& E0 Y4 f, [ 115. Selective strike! A# Q' x# `/ t* O
& i0 D( Z+ Z7 w: JMulti-Industry Strikes
( w& Q) |+ {2 `+ T) E
9 s8 T: O" i! i6 ] 116. Generalized strike: P* ]( o$ R" b% g- M9 M$ Z! G
. T ~: z. @2 v B 117. General strike! h8 X* y8 {) V& |& A
% E1 {7 r; y [4 n; T
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 c2 v* u0 ]3 J$ Q& J1 Q
f9 W2 `' X- c) m: p 118. Hartal
: V2 I g' l! d
( s+ k8 {% f+ h$ d' s 119. Economic shutdown' ~- k0 g$ e( _; a# E5 i# r
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2 B. \* _! D6 R: f; zTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 g% f3 H7 I, Y) a& t
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) g2 u. D8 @% xRejection of Authority- a1 u. I& K( |
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 g$ h' h2 b$ D4 @/ q, _; |% s
121. Refusal of public support2 v, b+ A& G- Q2 Q( m u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( Q8 A# _- U/ _, \. V) k1 S; c2 c0 @9 C9 ~6 Q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% |( g# o& \2 ^ B7 F/ @) g 123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ j* l/ i& S* `- \
124. Boycott of elections
' F: {8 u4 S" z' \ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 T2 Z2 x; U9 l- G/ ` 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" D: _; E3 H+ G- _, H2 ~* u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 y8 ~' M! C" [+ t+ m$ }3 `
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* }" J( k% g2 _/ B* h8 h 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 i7 i& ?* Y, {& t7 x
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ Y4 a4 v [4 P$ Z& `/ A1 k
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; t! s" P; _$ P. A4 N( L
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 x0 Q3 K$ q9 V+ s
4 M1 q7 J$ h6 K7 l3 e- RCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 [4 {( K+ S9 y* k8 E4 m
133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ G2 u# u6 {: R
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 H( B+ b9 f$ Q/ ` 135. Popular nonobedience
; O+ T) f8 ~5 X* g 136. Disguised disobedience3 G9 [/ J* x& U- [5 X: }
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& y$ i3 R" E1 l/ f- R 138. Sitdown
l) v9 o2 O2 Z! Q- P# c! c# [ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! [1 F2 |: R& t9 d
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ U% {! `) T5 O' I- k2 B 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
7 I0 t& D4 c' ?1 j \! P5 r9 }7 G& u- ?! J
Action by Government Personnel: M a8 M9 e$ r, ~% U. c0 @# f) o
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 z& O/ j1 t, `3 o 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 u% Q w; X/ j! I 144. Stalling and obstruction
S+ u/ o# p' g1 U' H 145. General administrative noncooperation
: S. m. `1 ]$ }! h$ _
: F. K E8 i* y; n' M( l3 l+ y; a. s 146. Judicial noncooperation4 |2 {9 n0 s! W7 x4 `; A6 p
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! W3 q* g( f' p- L/ _" G 148. Mutiny7 r; X; y2 v T
Domestic Governmental Action
1 \9 ]% o+ r( O; q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" h' I. B3 N& }1 n+ {' Y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! b5 e z0 y8 {& j y2 c
9 S. M4 K5 D' [# l9 M
International Governmental Action
) q$ S \+ L. i- f% D 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations9 D' Q& K: h7 R" u& w$ s/ B9 K
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
) ]% U; a: k, }, Z2 E 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 f. a" S& `& p 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 f- q# k6 z' N# [% g) E8 O 155. Withdrawal from international organizations" [1 X; R6 n: N
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( w" K' |+ ]5 [/ C1 y6 Z; r5 e* L 157. Expulsion from international organizations
) V9 E; m4 B* Z: B; d+ ^, E6 v7 ^# ?$ D3 I4 |
, i, w j' ]+ m9 q' c# I$ p* C# W' e5 s2 R8 H' s3 V2 e3 S
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION/ e; L7 W' s- F5 ~4 W
) j; z7 ]5 P9 o5 ~3 p0 U$ R+ m0 Z, i
2 W% A( ]' S8 R) }Psychological Intervention, _( U+ |2 ^! m3 s' g! N9 `: O- N
158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 Q7 x* e& I" ] 159. The fast8 Z5 x b* M; W/ d. T
a) Fast of moral pressure/ I# A& i7 B' f! y( d
b) Hunger strike( @6 M* P V" Z
c) Satyagrahic fast$ n* v" k5 _0 z: K) P3 R
160. Reverse trial7 C, H- q" I. U' I& n$ E
161. Nonviolent harassment: r8 Z! g0 E( U+ H( u
: h7 J9 u1 o) ~7 T1 Q. W SPhysical Intervention: x" ^# G- A, i' Q$ U* b
162. Sit-in! Y7 e3 o. D) E) P
163. Stand-in0 z3 n, a+ i$ d% j" I
164. Ride-in2 j7 B# v, K0 D& }! ], J4 s
165. Wade-in
$ \6 D# |: z* ` 166. Mill-in
' u5 o+ k( w: R6 u$ e( O% o( ? 167. Pray-in
1 ~/ E: y) _$ R7 ~ 168. Nonviolent raids6 ]2 d6 y$ U0 h G2 W
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ I: }+ X' e4 I9 N } 170. Nonviolent invasion
; {- R$ d6 g& f" x 171. Nonviolent interjection
e+ d8 h/ f+ J9 h% A' r3 g, w 172. Nonviolent obstruction
% T+ \; P6 |; O- m 173. Nonviolent occupation/ V) U: S3 `, x6 `5 m& T
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Social Intervention/ W _6 v) z6 Q$ ?
174. Establishing new social patterns Y0 U6 P% t0 ?' E
175. Overloading of facilities, T" L; I: a# q' K8 }. ^
176. Stall-in
' N9 Z4 q) i ~0 \+ J$ {/ t8 H7 j9 i 177. Speak-in2 X8 J: ^" h! E5 h3 S
178. Guerrilla theater
) R- A5 ~2 U( I( \ 179. Alternative social institutions
8 G$ z; b) S8 Y" h 180. Alternative communication system
" x, f1 |9 p; Z$ E' b0 i, I3 s/ c9 s9 _( v& ^) }4 h
Economic Intervention# V! b# f' D$ K6 H u
181. Reverse strike
6 Y2 ~ q4 v) R 182. Stay-in strike$ L: j% Z3 [% t2 ]: J1 B G8 ^5 b
183. Nonviolent land seizure
* ^3 W# J* p. l/ @1 \4 G$ a0 n* W 184. Defiance of blockades
7 q; }0 w# l" G( h 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 S4 h) `$ `/ |- k* m( ^( m$ Q. W/ t
186. Preclusive purchasing
0 _7 v. n5 p/ g, `* }4 |" @ 187. Seizure of assets
- ]$ M) u D! Z5 x 188. Dumping
' {. q$ D+ X, G! i# Z 189. Selective patronage
+ \/ w0 ?+ L( `( J7 a$ G: p 190. Alternative markets
8 ?$ O5 r* K9 o3 X: V5 L, [ 191. Alternative transportation systems
2 L! V% K6 k g0 T. p( `2 R 192. Alternative economic institutions" h" G ~" x+ d/ y, Q$ G: w ~0 v
/ x% L3 P6 P# R" ^' V; R" PPolitical Intervention
9 a4 y5 C. |) W) F 193. Overloading of administrative systems
' S: R! \1 U" ^6 s8 A2 d 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
) j6 Y9 K1 D* X 195. Seeking imprisonment) \( F; x8 z' s- b
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 X& @8 e" F2 l/ Q3 } 197. Work-on without collaboration9 _4 l/ H, c# i8 U' Q* q, Z& _
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
