 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; I% f$ C. V C6 _9 |Formal Statements0 N( G1 y9 s4 n% z2 X! T6 U- e/ x
1. Public Speeches
" K5 `* h6 L$ V' D5 l 2. Letters of opposition or support' \: M" \* j* `( D: M
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; ^' z. u7 G, [5 ]) s9 q9 |
4. Signed public statements
" z- v$ ~% g" \8 N8 L 5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 [% c$ j% B9 T
6. Group or mass petitions6 ~9 D$ o+ {+ n2 G9 J
& g- G$ Q3 o( |% k
Communications with a Wider Audience7 p0 q/ N6 q6 f! o# T
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) F A9 j& ]! A8 X! Q3 B5 z6 R 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ g: L D7 \# R+ S( o6 G, K 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books) ^* F6 R6 r# C
10. Newspapers and journals1 c& Z. ~- \3 `; Y: W8 a$ M8 r
11. Records, radio, and television! M' s, e4 _- l) w1 Q/ F; D
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& V. l! `& G% `3 m e+ q- \1 h
& p. L$ s$ d2 Z- aGroup Representations4 U1 N# { n" ?. f
13. Deputations
1 o; Y8 ?, E7 }. M: O. n8 ?, z2 g+ w 14. Mock awards
9 y8 B* y" s3 y9 i; W6 g8 H7 a 15. Group lobbying
. r: x, G& }# r8 o; H0 `) H 16. Picketing
1 q( @. y& e% E" S 17. Mock elections
1 ~! j- c6 U! n: Y
5 G$ E( S p3 _/ k% B( ]7 {# tSymbolic Public Acts
0 ^) @7 t7 g+ l 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, L& c7 j1 H, Y% M 19. Wearing of symbols
- W1 |: s. o1 E1 a. t( z" q 20. Prayer and worship
% l& w& j3 _ ?4 q- d9 i+ h 21. Delivering symbolic objects
: x2 w' w; w$ h 22. Protest disrobings
6 U8 ^) o c; z* j7 p 23. Destruction of own property
/ l, m) _% e3 a8 W+ N, s* E 24. Symbolic lights
0 q5 s$ V: V- Z7 a: D. ~$ x( Y* S- Z 25. Displays of portraits
6 v' ]7 ?( `/ ~) j9 V) Y, x- [ 26. Paint as protest, U% @& }9 w) d2 S3 h. ~3 _
27. New signs and names
M: t G; F9 |- v 28. Symbolic sounds) [# X% Q+ G) ], K9 t
29. Symbolic reclamations+ w* e/ Q4 `4 }) B& F2 E
30. Rude gestures& _% }1 ~0 c7 b( |/ M1 n6 r
; A+ {, O3 I" `+ x7 Y0 @
Pressures on Individuals, K/ A9 b- G5 k+ e; y, D8 W9 i
31. “Haunting” officials
* K7 j! N; @4 ?8 A2 M6 A5 N: f r6 W 32. Taunting officials
* K/ f+ t! o z/ D+ U. Q 33. Fraternization
# r; H6 c2 i6 z; G5 S 34. Vigils
. k. [6 W7 j& t6 ~. F% q. K7 y+ O' ^; Y
Drama and Music
- ?. U$ I3 b' E- a- T 35. Humorous skits and pranks
% C* Q: ^1 M* Z! h" y7 h 36. Performances of plays and music+ U& R' }& w% Y8 z( a$ U/ y2 v
37. Singing/ z8 k ]3 m9 a' R
4 c b$ A% a( Z" k
Processions
( J; m4 k& y4 f, O) p4 `4 y+ c 38. Marches
$ F2 L7 a& }* p1 D5 Q% K 39. Parades+ b5 o* z% j3 X. ~( t
40. Religious processions
! B3 ^" @; ~$ V3 j- B 41. Pilgrimages: Q6 @/ m- E6 v- i4 J8 P
42. Motorcades9 ]! W0 A7 x% [' R+ F1 d
; m7 m( v7 Q: Q2 L% V
Honoring the Dead
& l: ? k1 r' l( F0 y T- T 43. Political mourning* g# F) \# q" T1 `3 w2 c
44. Mock funerals
+ Z# S( D- w: e2 X2 c 45. Demonstrative funerals: ]6 K, H2 R; m! b, W H2 S
46. Homage at burial places
9 R1 Y; l8 N6 j A6 x* c& C3 `4 x: M0 z. Y! s
Public Assemblies
) z" \& s4 d# p2 w8 _ 47. Assemblies of protest or support/ N# X6 K1 Q. C3 D
48. Protest meetings" {3 e% r, P: o4 @, j. X/ O
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( J3 k; `/ S, B8 R2 t 50. Teach-ins" f3 \( w4 |9 I$ \6 a1 h& }
- Y: z" e8 p6 j/ I# o; A( C' iWithdrawal and Renunciation
8 k( b- ?2 C ^' A0 X+ l) E 51. Walk-outs0 G- B# g. S6 J2 g, s
52. Silence7 N4 v% n6 ]) Z U+ D
53. Renouncing honors; V3 J* c8 I$ Y% q
54. Turning one’s back
) u7 D% B( f1 ` B3 y1 H" D4 U7 ]5 i
: P+ w6 o& d3 U' K* ~( T; q% W% D" c2 N) l; n
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" ^" |- H1 g+ z
$ n8 G9 y. N f; s$ f" a7 G5 Q; q: x
0 D$ P$ Q+ }, A5 k9 ~, a7 x
4 c+ t# R5 p8 h( QOstracism of Persons3 Y% V! E7 ^. h# o. @, n. I
55. Social boycott
2 c, N8 C7 z" ~8 q. q4 v0 G 56. Selective social boycott
; k! R, s% Z% p& M 57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 v5 v/ E9 a) b! \' c 58. Excommunication9 A' g' ?7 u9 E$ R2 J, h
59. Interdict
6 R/ |& ?) ^5 g: D! b' d. ^. i# b+ z/ c( `
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 G( W( O* I. U/ N1 V* a ~) T1 Q7 P
60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 ]' |( C8 p# X5 B$ Q
61. Boycott of social affairs
0 _4 _. K9 j1 n 62. Student strike
! W7 G6 ] m- B7 U0 i 63. Social disobedience# H+ r( Y* T9 j: v
64. Withdrawal from social institutions# @! ?! o# h4 q
7 z1 C- I( R7 D8 z
Withdrawal from the Social System
! c5 c1 ^" S7 o Z 65. Stay-at-home
& O' |3 e6 u$ S2 {1 m N! S( I! I, P 66. Total personal noncooperation/ A& d. D" ^4 A; R
67. “Flight” of workers. W) {1 g) T' _3 C$ W6 n
68. Sanctuary
$ q4 D. ]$ _/ K& P9 i9 ?. c 69. Collective disappearance
( a+ X6 [0 {4 H& j3 m 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! s# q+ v/ m8 |9 u8 i2 \1 S
+ e/ q9 M7 h" d! |& s' c
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7 E1 P9 Z) u* E
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
. B* G# k$ n; g# w4 A; q' g% |
9 Y1 O$ z8 n$ r) ]$ U4 s9 X
8 O" }1 M+ D! ]Actions by Consumers
; o1 f- e2 o) I, v; r$ v5 ]5 ~ 71. Consumers’ boycott, O; G; P4 k9 E1 h d3 o2 F: l
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 z7 {1 k+ t- P2 u. q. w5 e* J4 f0 d 73. Policy of austerity$ r8 j- B: V3 Y
74. Rent withholding
2 v$ h$ _& D3 {: b4 W Q: E 75. Refusal to rent
/ k0 i6 e$ ?$ I; F+ k 76. National consumers’ boycott
& @; ^3 j' C7 B t( W 77. International consumers’ boycott5 e" S, H5 i7 c" c# e0 G6 h
/ s6 d& |3 W1 H" x* w1 c/ k: S9 H% O
Action by Workers and Producers
$ r) G6 ?) G, L1 f 78. Workmen’s boycott
% e) o/ N, k9 i5 z* P$ j6 h8 |! y 79. Producers’ boycott
/ A8 m6 W- ]- k3 o, S( q& D9 s4 w ]/ r
( L4 P1 ?& O2 Q; {9 Z: hAction by Middlemen
9 P% I# z% o5 b3 @" J+ n6 q* b# P 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% e# c% V1 K, C5 j9 _9 B% G
' z7 w6 A" O; e# NAction by Owners and Management
9 V" B0 n* E4 ? i# j 81. Traders’ boycott
; G! }$ \$ R) w _ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
! u0 A- d' g7 R. ?8 T0 B 83. Lockout
+ B- B1 h) N$ d- B* C9 b* u% `$ X* ^; g 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 d! G6 W! {; w1 ^/ q D+ H! s 85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 }# a0 E) C. s
" Q0 b- a$ {* W* v9 a% f8 ]
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
9 J; y+ i ^$ A; ?5 M: ]2 O 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, G$ O J6 l% b) o! @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: a' @& L( V4 l) d/ m0 v$ X4 f7 W
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 v6 a" [, P' A
89. Severance of funds and credit
7 F2 Z) m( l+ Y+ O3 u) V 90. Revenue refusal; V* Y; ]' I& ?3 g! k! }1 g9 x/ e
91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 n5 Y! I! Y, Z" r. e% F5 a2 C
2 M2 x. V7 B# ^9 c! w/ XAction by Governments* ]5 v- i M/ I9 G; y2 `1 g3 ^) s
92. Domestic embargo
, Z: W% x% o! a. q 93. Blacklisting of traders/ Z% ]& b' U2 g
94. International sellers’ embargo
- ^7 L; S- e5 J, H4 y$ f 95. International buyers’ embargo
5 s, p k% ~% B) y 96. International trade embargo
6 i2 y. e# H% @$ L' J: ` m4 h- M' g6 Y x* O! ~* g6 A
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! H' }0 ?$ _& {( y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE7 Y+ b8 f+ q1 P1 W( }1 y
4 A' k e% F3 w% ^' M
- K5 m3 B4 Z: X2 USymbolic Strikes, a/ D7 E5 Q2 N% v: {1 Y" k
97. Protest strike
3 _; D5 m, H6 ~ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. ^ K4 W! E1 R' t4 e; O, r
+ l' u Z `# J' K3 k) ?Agricultural Strikes
" Y$ Z& E+ ?7 M" [" ^% W# \ 99. Peasant strike
* i: S; g" L2 V( i 100. Farm Workers’ strike, B4 w/ I" u: m' S6 w" e2 u- f* `
1 i) l1 A0 B% P: |, [" x r1 jStrikes by Special Groups8 g& K" J5 y. b" ]) |) `
101. Refusal of impressed labor
' T/ ^5 ]" H, f+ b; N) h% O 102. Prisoners’ strike9 g& C1 `" ~8 n* Q. W
103. Craft strike
( q* |- N& ^/ M 104. Professional strike: \. J, R9 s% z& m! y# \, `; b
2 L7 ^ O! ^. j# m" H& Z7 B; OOrdinary Industrial Strikes2 a2 ~( \7 y0 u
105. Establishment strike: W* u5 ~5 r6 ]& |" m; x
106. Industry strike& q! @, K8 v' X( [2 c/ n
107. Sympathetic strike
; L' r3 d9 f! O
' A8 Z5 c* F7 x/ k: BRestricted Strikes
: p& U3 x J! o9 j9 j 108. Detailed strike
6 q; f) r$ v- P 109. Bumper strike! j& N1 ~2 B% E; G
110. Slowdown strike
6 z9 o& c+ Q7 D5 {' X8 p$ r8 j# G 111. Working-to-rule strike$ d0 ~. E: @2 R8 [5 }8 k+ M
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- ~$ c" O1 N+ n" `5 M4 J 113. Strike by resignation- {, u. P( B. `& u; R' K/ l4 A
114. Limited strike9 U: n1 G; U K! }3 v
115. Selective strike
* n% Y9 _0 N3 B2 _' b. t* }4 d' B) R# G4 h, N
Multi-Industry Strikes/ c2 A2 _6 O7 V) Q2 ~& E
: P. w/ w/ q, a" p% b0 H 116. Generalized strike/ r" O% }" a: J% J- ^
9 Z* x2 k1 }2 K3 e8 D- X 117. General strike8 y1 T. L2 B( s# V+ X
/ {' f8 ?8 e0 E8 b
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 s( |8 a( P6 d/ d/ o1 |0 |
- r3 p2 a Z2 D
118. Hartal
$ `* z) e& g/ S$ G7 N" m% ~1 w0 P1 s0 i' S" ?- ~# z6 w3 V
119. Economic shutdown
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) w1 Y S# L) A! C) u% Y
4 B" j" A% b7 v9 X3 I' T E" {5 Y$ h: l3 g2 y% S& V0 s9 H
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 o2 `2 P: f% \% h7 Z+ M
5 x6 X- i m+ X6 v4 ? k y
/ M3 @: ~+ }5 ^4 pRejection of Authority
3 L/ g! s5 m; g9 w: B) ?! K5 W" b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 q/ K( i7 g8 e( d 121. Refusal of public support5 D* ]! ^& z) h3 B( I# c8 I# t
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 n( v6 |5 r! h
/ X8 O# D- e; X4 s/ t6 N8 i5 A3 m
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' V J% y: A6 R8 ? @4 h 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 \7 D7 F( b& J, A7 e 124. Boycott of elections" [0 P' y" S3 ?) S/ U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 T3 [; T) e; C
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; @# J7 N% B7 D k6 \) l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 h- _" G7 k5 X3 L+ u( W 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ z. {: w5 t/ \* g0 n1 z
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( A8 D7 W2 W% S# [8 g" V( y5 H0 F4 Z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 g0 F2 ]7 m+ M d! C' [
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* I( s% J" C9 t7 B4 y
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# m; _& T# g) S5 `* } b- D# r* X7 `& |" r
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( G" ^5 M, g+ r- a0 B2 Y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 }' T+ Y! [6 ?) S2 v6 U0 Z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% W! l3 x) f# ]! ~+ q
135. Popular nonobedience
) a' F( _. x: [% l6 h' i- d! J+ w 136. Disguised disobedience& i$ r( _3 C: i' t' W% j8 I! ~
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse& ]6 k6 Q9 Q; |7 i. }, {* _
138. Sitdown
+ J; u* s1 q+ r; v. q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation3 e; v, d5 a1 V0 J0 \4 J( e8 R
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& A8 H% y; \4 x3 o9 v7 L( U
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% k5 e% W v4 [
8 @0 d3 t, h4 \
Action by Government Personnel
& e5 u( J9 s3 X( b 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( O) C$ q! p2 x& N8 y) l8 X 143. Blocking of lines of command and information* u; N3 z3 E4 R
144. Stalling and obstruction
5 Z7 Z7 s$ f6 j/ V, U 145. General administrative noncooperation
_3 J* y i. b4 B8 e5 u% v* Y6 {
# M0 ?% V: R) P$ R* L 146. Judicial noncooperation; N$ T c! Y9 l: P7 F/ M; |: v
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 y* }- [, A9 `2 j0 V 148. Mutiny/ d4 |. u( l+ {" \ [+ U5 [
Domestic Governmental Action
" V8 U$ s# @! ?3 y3 [ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ L) ?# H- W2 }4 H1 o* P
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action
9 f# @6 I. h* J3 o2 I 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 ?2 R5 j U# ~% v
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
3 S7 D& y5 }8 A& l6 a 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) `" d V# D8 A7 R& ?
154. Severance of diplomatic relations" g5 P+ I0 D1 V: e; v
155. Withdrawal from international organizations* C0 l X# y0 q3 p; I o; _
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- s0 @5 {3 a2 d; g, D, u) q" z+ F 157. Expulsion from international organizations& w6 o7 |4 ]( p4 m* B
2 q" T" J/ l/ l' m2 p. B( ~ - r% V H, Q% M, j) R8 w7 s$ L: K
- g2 a) z% g3 m8 N7 s4 p. PTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
S+ Z* X9 `! p8 s& r6 A
4 M2 s% {% ^4 E; s 5 j4 X: X; Z8 V' H. U8 q; F
Psychological Intervention
9 [- ^1 X, F: q- A. k 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# n" u' v' W" G5 f6 _2 e, l5 W 159. The fast' K) M2 z& c9 I
a) Fast of moral pressure
1 L$ |% G: A) C7 V3 w) S b) Hunger strike$ u3 I% a; j# t2 M
c) Satyagrahic fast
3 {# s' s9 z* O6 m 160. Reverse trial
9 [* A* p$ s S9 u& _9 i9 t 161. Nonviolent harassment
7 P [; J, _6 q4 m" L# W c P& _- f" M4 _: h% b( U" j& d6 g
Physical Intervention- @. O+ ]$ N9 M5 |
162. Sit-in6 T$ p# R' u; h; [+ r/ x
163. Stand-in
) J. U3 o4 o& A# L% q6 W1 W3 I2 z 164. Ride-in
' }3 k7 ?- Q; E0 m# p6 L 165. Wade-in
+ `6 _' H* h3 P* p 166. Mill-in
4 {. l( O* e; R, s& k6 p: R9 i3 ` 167. Pray-in
! f" {( H; T( X1 f3 X" W 168. Nonviolent raids
5 g. ?1 j2 |+ g7 V) X 169. Nonviolent air raids
4 ]* Y& E! M" A5 f 170. Nonviolent invasion* w2 i# i; E5 y2 x- S2 \
171. Nonviolent interjection, h2 B4 x; g) I" B3 u* b
172. Nonviolent obstruction9 U2 b1 ~; s$ k6 U, Z
173. Nonviolent occupation
7 Q1 j! v0 X3 ^ C: v; q9 c) N/ j& p8 s8 j: P
Social Intervention1 ~$ x4 j4 u$ k2 s" i7 r. U
174. Establishing new social patterns
( d% E6 Z B! q, u2 D- { 175. Overloading of facilities
d5 P5 C7 E6 Y% b, L. g6 | 176. Stall-in
0 ~/ ~5 v. n i7 m7 A 177. Speak-in2 q2 ~2 L3 F7 v
178. Guerrilla theater
~- {8 \3 u. |5 p; v- T8 @8 m* n 179. Alternative social institutions
9 G) K& c; Y$ ~9 l' Q- o 180. Alternative communication system
6 w5 a" ]3 W# O% h) A6 q4 `; f4 j& o$ \1 R& f7 N1 {5 |7 U
Economic Intervention) C. B6 x( a8 L8 R
181. Reverse strike
! X& b$ { j) l) j c. K& o 182. Stay-in strike3 F; p& [2 t& Z* w9 c
183. Nonviolent land seizure
* c" v3 J& J N3 m' W. {" j 184. Defiance of blockades! j' a8 W4 U; i% s. O
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- @9 J8 M4 V: z0 e; Y& l) q
186. Preclusive purchasing4 [+ p9 d4 s. H' a
187. Seizure of assets3 u; m1 \ o' N; i
188. Dumping; {4 c5 B1 [' u
189. Selective patronage
$ w4 o8 P) N9 i' K0 r9 E( [8 E 190. Alternative markets% M' m$ y- B' ?" h. c
191. Alternative transportation systems
; i+ L* @% W* r: k* q8 _9 H( k 192. Alternative economic institutions
8 a- E: }/ U3 A/ j4 T9 w& q3 n" M$ w/ Q+ u Y, T
Political Intervention; [# q! t( m5 h& a0 n! L' B V8 q
193. Overloading of administrative systems
# j4 ~+ w1 z( Z8 A+ |. h 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 b- V) V+ q4 Z6 G8 T0 \% t
195. Seeking imprisonment& I8 d- C# _2 P. J- \! b, s' B
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% A- C! j0 d, }+ Q$ [: L
197. Work-on without collaboration8 H8 s& W, I! `# V' r8 |. y3 L
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
