 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( `5 `/ r& t6 b3 T U
Formal Statements
2 r0 J% d4 _' f 1. Public Speeches
! e# k0 ?/ ?2 @9 X, M5 w 2. Letters of opposition or support
1 b1 h) W- b3 e 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 s$ v6 d' A) `3 `( c$ \' Z
4. Signed public statements
* w2 {5 O- ?7 N& z T 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 S& k0 E5 q7 C0 ] 6. Group or mass petitions
) l2 \( z2 a7 W4 n, D. N4 ~: ^$ A) n5 Z. n3 \2 i% y! u9 q# s
Communications with a Wider Audience
" z1 r+ W- ~ N/ _5 r: d6 `) H* N 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ B& u. F3 O9 T- N 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; R) ~# A! `" ^. W% u$ O* L, B) j9 y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books' C: H. r' w, |3 v( W* f
10. Newspapers and journals. `# B1 x& C5 e I
11. Records, radio, and television2 \- j9 r! u, M j( k
12. Skywriting and earthwriting. k+ a; @! L( }/ `8 \4 T
g6 C: a- d' R) k3 u& e
Group Representations
* r1 T. Z' h4 c' D* u 13. Deputations
; ?$ {- { o) T 14. Mock awards/ {$ V& X9 X6 b# y* P; X1 O9 s
15. Group lobbying) V K. s" ]' h9 C
16. Picketing9 W; T3 P: {4 b8 A
17. Mock elections" E+ d0 O5 U7 ?3 i( H0 t( |
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Symbolic Public Acts
- N6 S& { j' q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% Y2 g) K5 [4 q. F- \1 l8 j 19. Wearing of symbols5 e ]! ]1 J/ W* f
20. Prayer and worship
. [; _8 I$ Y; B8 O' r7 F) K 21. Delivering symbolic objects
) J5 _6 Y: h+ k% x+ K 22. Protest disrobings
2 X7 g2 |' i/ |2 J [' k+ N7 c 23. Destruction of own property; H% P: r5 J& z
24. Symbolic lights/ N( s" e% F/ j8 k
25. Displays of portraits
8 b2 X9 {. d- u+ [- O" D! D( G2 f 26. Paint as protest
' P6 n2 [4 `* L8 e1 E2 m 27. New signs and names6 B: A4 P& j( s0 q2 f: g
28. Symbolic sounds, D% u6 R3 C$ _$ w f
29. Symbolic reclamations
4 t6 \! ?: e. h/ o 30. Rude gestures
7 p% X j+ o m: P: ~7 w! X6 j, F; H
, z$ B$ z" T L3 T! g7 T; G& lPressures on Individuals9 L+ B Q, j- _) M9 R
31. “Haunting” officials
. p$ C. O( {+ p. C$ y* y 32. Taunting officials
2 G% M; z: I) e# W# p 33. Fraternization' o7 B! @% [- f. b' Z! j- |3 e
34. Vigils% ]2 w9 w+ Q% l( R C& E, C
' S( {. F2 Q; S4 T* @3 o! yDrama and Music
3 m2 E0 J K" T* H4 h 35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 W. D6 ]# a9 c$ i* Z. f 36. Performances of plays and music" V* E) P2 w* q( F9 |2 L
37. Singing
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Processions, k2 V8 w0 s i1 N: s+ K$ q+ z
38. Marches% k# y1 w, o! K: j. U8 S
39. Parades$ J( ? G- `; m9 q
40. Religious processions1 N# Y' e1 F& m, Y/ c4 g! n
41. Pilgrimages
4 Q% G' Y( {5 k0 _( \- V, V 42. Motorcades% e2 m3 z1 n( ]. K; m. w1 ?9 v
9 ]) v/ }" I- @9 u4 T; R4 N% `" z
Honoring the Dead" Y2 Y5 `( s `/ t' s4 L2 x( i* P
43. Political mourning0 q0 E- W4 o9 i$ T7 e
44. Mock funerals
7 f# h" x+ q0 \( u( ?* { 45. Demonstrative funerals0 L( ^/ `' U4 K# D6 x; {
46. Homage at burial places( I2 H n# | W* {" H, B
( G! K* N0 ]0 y1 ?Public Assemblies- J$ r3 l! t# h. L' [
47. Assemblies of protest or support/ K+ x! j9 X7 f: q
48. Protest meetings
+ q0 U$ m5 [( c2 i4 Z @. c2 G0 [ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ j# w5 k# A2 f9 i5 m; @
50. Teach-ins
) \: |2 z& ~5 Q: U; j: _" n3 G% ?0 n/ H) E# {( g) f1 W
Withdrawal and Renunciation
; Q& |8 d# _7 M9 x; d 51. Walk-outs
; d1 d# F3 N& l- l0 I! c 52. Silence8 e4 w" u# Q& c$ [ r9 o7 p" J: f& J
53. Renouncing honors, h s. Q2 [* \, G) h
54. Turning one’s back1 n4 x2 ]4 {! J8 z/ d6 I
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
+ K6 Y- ]* v+ L% M6 f4 U1 F r$ k0 K6 \
: U6 l7 i6 U4 `3 o2 k, H4 c) d: y
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Ostracism of Persons
2 I9 ^2 Q9 {/ O% z7 v* M$ x; i 55. Social boycott
! u, C5 T9 u( C" z% n `/ X/ Z 56. Selective social boycott/ W6 D7 B# J/ I! j: ^
57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 R7 K. `3 O% W t, I& P# L4 l 58. Excommunication
[+ b+ F# [; n; B3 Z 59. Interdict& x! m3 E7 n, s3 r. q% B
, E8 O# U) o. z- L+ XNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ S: V) z$ F5 L$ K% b
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- W* y9 w% s6 Y+ X+ d 61. Boycott of social affairs
: Q/ P& m* I# q3 b+ [/ I+ G! U6 f 62. Student strike% P/ T, |/ Q% M7 P
63. Social disobedience: e: }6 D- e7 C3 o
64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 D3 q5 {& t0 T6 l
3 @! @# }' P0 CWithdrawal from the Social System% O& y$ K( R0 g- j
65. Stay-at-home. B* y) H* N1 S
66. Total personal noncooperation: m$ D) U" s" t
67. “Flight” of workers
* g! q; {7 d1 ?9 Z+ D 68. Sanctuary
, R& f% o+ V! l6 c- G 69. Collective disappearance
$ }1 M* \ f1 C4 g/ _! ] 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)/ g4 v- [4 {2 q. X* @
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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3 c4 P% I; c7 J! \+ r) ` T9 vActions by Consumers+ q* c' ^) J0 d8 y3 r9 Q" {7 r
71. Consumers’ boycott) |# H( w g+ i; v2 t
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- x# z% @0 a/ R. E9 _8 j: } 73. Policy of austerity
) u4 F% o& _3 m$ F 74. Rent withholding
) U" C3 S4 C& r4 g1 E 75. Refusal to rent
0 u/ U4 J( h$ l6 N+ j 76. National consumers’ boycott
" ?6 d, p4 e* \4 A 77. International consumers’ boycott
, j) K/ M0 _2 O- ?0 U. I
' ]9 j0 [" k2 A8 t# WAction by Workers and Producers
I8 a- N# Y! ^+ q0 Z0 I 78. Workmen’s boycott
! d7 G- P3 v" C. D# h3 q6 k# g 79. Producers’ boycott
2 e( _- |0 W. ~/ _/ R/ J3 K. I) ~+ I$ E
Action by Middlemen* ~( l- j$ _4 B. x* e0 P* w3 o
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& T w s# L( `- |" n. `# z2 s
3 |7 @: h- O5 i6 [Action by Owners and Management$ l. h7 t& q6 Y Q
81. Traders’ boycott ?* i& c4 G c, U; j% Z8 O% l
82. Refusal to let or sell property% Q/ F |7 V- X" w3 `' j5 V5 c
83. Lockout
$ t/ o$ @: c9 V- c5 }1 G" E) ~/ A+ h 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 o3 J ?8 g( ]8 C, o* P 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" k" y/ @6 F0 l: w! R+ N% T6 }+ L9 ?1 Q) O2 _
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
6 \$ }- ^: o3 Y( \* j2 |( N$ v& N 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, Q& C8 c4 M) C4 k1 r B- @ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; w0 z2 ^7 J5 c0 u# M# o% u3 p 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
& P+ a( p1 h0 n- | P, y% _ e4 h 89. Severance of funds and credit
6 S2 q; x4 Z9 \& A4 ~; Z 90. Revenue refusal
0 _- V3 O6 E% N2 Y& n 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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) u2 r! l7 G! ~7 Q1 W1 H% TAction by Governments3 P6 R7 Z4 p F2 l$ x& x
92. Domestic embargo
, u1 ?4 t2 p0 z 93. Blacklisting of traders! D8 k2 D- o% L N
94. International sellers’ embargo% @' o) B! L9 D- i! {2 I6 C3 b c
95. International buyers’ embargo
7 d N* s4 N6 W9 ] 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 r6 G6 H' e- Y6 E$ Z0 C
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$ G! s. Z, a8 jSymbolic Strikes
& l9 v" q5 A: q7 Q4 _8 p2 J 97. Protest strike, _1 [/ V! C3 N. R3 U8 H
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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Agricultural Strikes3 Q. Y {$ y& O# L( q
99. Peasant strike2 R, ?3 m3 C. A( L" L1 W% d, O( \
100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 i( I0 ?/ s# D
9 q" L- u* B2 s+ l0 aStrikes by Special Groups
: H: ^/ \, V, }1 {1 J 101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ W$ R; e4 }; G5 ^) G' p( D 102. Prisoners’ strike V+ W2 h* I" z6 D0 s7 Y
103. Craft strike l$ o6 Q& x0 b+ ?0 h& l- w5 J
104. Professional strike# g, F2 j1 K' m6 t, z" O! c& v! I
& P( t! @( F8 m3 t6 s; B4 \: i8 {Ordinary Industrial Strikes
8 E& U4 L9 R2 J+ d7 A 105. Establishment strike+ L- \7 o$ i3 ]7 |
106. Industry strike
# S1 b' F. W% ]2 ~ r+ j2 C 107. Sympathetic strike
/ a C4 }- [- A, { ^" o L
8 {: A3 x9 `- ? {$ |Restricted Strikes$ C7 Z7 r1 Q' N6 o [, h/ i- U! T
108. Detailed strike F. i6 g3 o8 N$ \/ v
109. Bumper strike9 t5 o& B, H p% [
110. Slowdown strike# |- s# r4 Y; D
111. Working-to-rule strike$ w/ r1 h0 `4 O3 K, \
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! d, w2 }2 q6 s; f
113. Strike by resignation
4 q; q q# A! K 114. Limited strike
% F0 X! ^8 t4 i* G5 S- M9 ]+ a: Z0 E 115. Selective strike; ]# ]: s6 r& {5 P4 {2 g g. \
5 Q$ a4 l$ J) w; W
Multi-Industry Strikes1 s* q/ f0 d9 `3 P, z
$ Y3 A: N; g0 Q. F 116. Generalized strike
5 c* h& b1 U m# w
, {& ~" x3 _3 a/ t( w6 P% N" H 117. General strike3 C( u' }% c1 e- K6 }* \2 M7 {* @
6 M# y x. R' s: O* J
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- g) Y4 o" `( D# y
9 y1 a9 ^8 A0 V. K* U7 F8 @ 118. Hartal3 G, s2 U+ w: o( A9 N. b
5 \3 `3 p( _- c# `. w' r
119. Economic shutdown" `/ `5 X, S+ F. c' D+ y6 P
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
: T1 m1 U3 Q" S8 `* ^3 w, S 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance. S( E S5 k# O5 H% Q% U4 I
121. Refusal of public support
. v J% u" x4 F9 f% P* l8 E# d 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance. y$ A3 k- R' N5 w# ^' o
6 K, u7 e* Y7 ]: m& S' ICitizens’ Noncooperation with Government! O" _0 l# {7 f. L
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ ^6 b' j4 `! d* L: p 124. Boycott of elections
! [! c: @6 d5 N1 @ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& c; _+ q$ h, w5 X+ `& g5 H6 i7 l C 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, W# y% Q9 j3 P% S) S/ b
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ O: l& p5 K/ i& I+ ]3 Z; u- E* a 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% s0 @, ]3 X5 \8 ~; @
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 r8 T/ X% T& }* R7 R1 R [
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" U! N& t7 v8 h a' u 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* N j* q* f! ^1 a9 b+ A% I 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ _: C( W% o" ^0 Q
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 k* j; z# G" X7 U* \- L 133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 _' {2 J# _) H3 H1 o
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 \0 r c+ Z; f
135. Popular nonobedience4 a9 N' ^+ ?$ p$ U
136. Disguised disobedience
# H& }8 U' i4 x1 P% J 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 u# W9 K! ?* Y8 I& o/ A$ d 138. Sitdown
7 c( }0 Y8 X/ q* V; b7 r9 N 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: S! R/ G* C1 Z/ t( E' W 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' m3 l/ @4 k; A+ d0 p" [
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# P8 j8 b5 _: \$ n+ {
8 W K+ E, d! v: z Q
Action by Government Personnel
. J) b: X( o7 u; p% N% k 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: H/ y" x# O+ R- q3 R8 R 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. A, }' c' A1 I2 Q 144. Stalling and obstruction: ~4 o2 o- R9 s
145. General administrative noncooperation9 Z4 ] v4 e* Z6 k3 I- G* Q8 g, p$ R
o+ ^" |5 D1 p
146. Judicial noncooperation% x1 ^ v; ^ l$ I, j
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 j( Q3 Q9 ~2 _$ A
148. Mutiny
' n. g, i4 [5 K Z3 Y4 a1 o3 O. }Domestic Governmental Action2 v( ~4 U5 f* {: @. G0 Z* @
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 P, J8 ~1 C/ c8 a 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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; _2 a' }% P* W: WInternational Governmental Action* ^/ M) n; D8 h6 C& s
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 S5 {* p" h& _' s' X- Q0 m 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; N6 ~8 R7 i& S* Z0 p; u 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ Z* e1 _( x5 Y; Q/ i 154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 p1 W3 E8 Q$ E6 R" ]4 b' D
155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ ^. {7 s9 C1 I$ l+ ~7 Z
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- ]0 [7 L5 u# R 157. Expulsion from international organizations5 J1 S3 ?! U. R. b' e+ ^
1 T6 D/ o! o& p
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! r0 @% R& e6 q1 d) \
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Psychological Intervention' b0 Y9 B" v/ i/ y ^' g
158. Self-exposure to the elements( f( r% S5 Q7 w6 V! q$ {5 N, O* U
159. The fast
6 t% O- { D1 \8 B0 B a) Fast of moral pressure
! i/ Y7 ~$ F) x% W b) Hunger strike! h, n6 |# C& w9 Z$ {2 N
c) Satyagrahic fast
/ ^$ I* T$ E3 h) e) e0 B 160. Reverse trial
# b, g0 H/ k! `. ^ 161. Nonviolent harassment1 e1 \- v/ y; {2 D
) R6 G3 u& f* `Physical Intervention: B a9 a3 U2 x6 b& E" K" A# ^
162. Sit-in
' S- J6 c3 o8 z 163. Stand-in
* p O i( Q8 p1 J1 c# `- r0 z 164. Ride-in/ L! p$ p4 x5 G
165. Wade-in
- q p6 N5 {( g. T0 I 166. Mill-in
# [5 Z2 Z( |1 d Q0 z* Y% X 167. Pray-in9 P: P7 y- O9 j1 q6 a
168. Nonviolent raids1 G5 y4 R8 \' J" w, j1 e \
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 k9 N8 d2 c( }, E; E' v 170. Nonviolent invasion
9 Z- d. {: k4 G& B, P 171. Nonviolent interjection
1 T4 f6 u1 o1 L# |, g 172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 Q+ p& r ]5 t; @* O% C" c 173. Nonviolent occupation
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. G% Y2 F4 Q$ g3 ]/ iSocial Intervention
. Q3 ~! Z @1 S, u8 B 174. Establishing new social patterns X) J; ]) h1 @
175. Overloading of facilities2 [) w; y* e$ b. K1 K3 C
176. Stall-in3 S7 U$ Y' l* p, s8 G
177. Speak-in! d# M8 R. B5 w5 T
178. Guerrilla theater: r; p6 ^# I! s" S, Q
179. Alternative social institutions
% J" \, h+ m$ u- P' e8 k) d" ~ 180. Alternative communication system
* N% b+ u' t7 W9 L7 n
. H* J: a/ J! _: e: w1 TEconomic Intervention
6 X, P3 u, \. f5 N9 D5 M! G5 v 181. Reverse strike
# y1 W( b, C/ y/ o8 }5 v 182. Stay-in strike
( {) Y7 V5 z+ S3 k 183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ `& u0 q- j; f( c7 [/ e 184. Defiance of blockades, S4 P/ d4 O5 y4 Z8 d
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: I% y. T: m4 H! p 186. Preclusive purchasing- H# v6 m j# B- z0 a2 j/ q/ `
187. Seizure of assets
( u+ x6 S* l4 b/ f 188. Dumping8 e0 Y* m0 e6 H+ \& Z
189. Selective patronage/ t# @3 ]3 H6 Y7 x
190. Alternative markets6 g: f4 e2 O% r" [3 _# Q, {
191. Alternative transportation systems
5 a0 `; d! k* Q6 i* C& @: o3 c0 N 192. Alternative economic institutions5 l. e: q, O- j
, I6 O. R* J5 w& L" P9 lPolitical Intervention
( ^" X* v& |! u" ?/ T/ r 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% o r+ F. p# C4 i$ ^ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 z4 @5 [1 y+ [' R4 A+ C4 r. z 195. Seeking imprisonment9 j% ~$ {- H" X- T! ~
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 b1 @/ K0 O+ A3 F: x% k 197. Work-on without collaboration
2 x2 I# D4 x7 I2 q6 P- T; O% M5 D, {/ T 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government& |2 o+ `% ]2 \* A
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
