 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( V! |/ Z0 S' Q* u+ |' _
Formal Statements9 Y- F h) \" E6 ~% y3 R1 ~
1. Public Speeches
0 p% R; g8 _2 O% E q 2. Letters of opposition or support7 p" s( m( z+ }6 f+ J% |& W% R
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
( \& `7 y2 H0 K4 F 4. Signed public statements# ~: d# c r5 V' ?
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ h* G; ~3 I1 H0 C3 z$ K/ m 6. Group or mass petitions# F& i8 O8 v& r8 A2 y
" O/ a, W% r& a& oCommunications with a Wider Audience& ]6 G% c9 q4 z' `( I7 ?
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' o" D+ C1 R" a) L 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 [. X* `7 Q) C7 ]; O
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 t& V( A- v1 h 10. Newspapers and journals7 b7 w- t$ U9 v2 o t; j
11. Records, radio, and television
( a! _# X' W) Z1 j- i) w9 A5 ^) \ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 e* N# d! V& x) W% S1 Z! H
2 i; h! b: p2 r' a* Z) QGroup Representations. H/ V. F, P3 S8 J
13. Deputations& W2 w, D, v2 c3 V$ A6 V
14. Mock awards5 t/ m: b. Y" B4 ]! W
15. Group lobbying2 ]# a9 ^8 ^, s
16. Picketing/ P/ v' g2 C( C" r
17. Mock elections. F' |' S! X. K+ X; z5 a
3 Z) Z8 V8 A4 V1 y. k# B, H
Symbolic Public Acts
. X4 A" i5 B$ Q7 s! ~ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" s$ t& _/ b' w/ ]' Z5 n
19. Wearing of symbols
+ V! b! S7 g1 u2 N# N 20. Prayer and worship
* X1 C" F- [* y, P 21. Delivering symbolic objects$ `6 P5 v2 D2 `: I
22. Protest disrobings
3 M" p4 d( C Y" |# F [0 d4 T {8 ? j 23. Destruction of own property
5 Z: i& }! z3 i7 G: {7 Z' L+ M3 m 24. Symbolic lights V6 X. |$ h" t" R6 z; m9 F
25. Displays of portraits
N+ l ^: W% M2 O4 d 26. Paint as protest
: v% e/ x6 W' P6 }2 }0 L" O( f 27. New signs and names
. f0 o' J6 y0 X 28. Symbolic sounds( @; V* x J8 n+ I3 v, b
29. Symbolic reclamations, r# |1 `% E0 W
30. Rude gestures
- |" f0 f$ k! R+ { Z
0 i' B: w# X/ }$ z t* ePressures on Individuals
9 E3 C& K( f! y# j2 u6 G 31. “Haunting” officials0 L- B2 g6 j! p# |
32. Taunting officials7 Y: { s v0 @- j
33. Fraternization {8 w. S+ v! S. [3 D5 J
34. Vigils
/ O; ^" P5 b Y8 V9 m l5 ^' f
- N4 x% Y2 o$ Y# }Drama and Music
; [' R. Y" D: W1 _, ^ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
. r# J7 ^0 l/ f( E: B& M U 36. Performances of plays and music
& q' S- S9 ^" a, C 37. Singing& |: Z/ i/ p5 y
+ O6 {$ S k7 c( @, Z) Q% e
Processions
$ q& \3 G- f, s! j1 b6 I+ Y 38. Marches
) `) Q1 r# M% @+ f8 c& \3 A) ? 39. Parades
0 \* z) ?3 u z& j3 i+ ? 40. Religious processions
. I$ k, L6 S% n" W, I 41. Pilgrimages
$ B3 k+ s3 s. T: o& x* x/ e. s) ] 42. Motorcades
; h9 t. B* [, h( F) |" x$ j; e6 z: E2 N( s
Honoring the Dead
8 J) m" L7 X% H$ G$ c 43. Political mourning- \3 ]/ Z0 a" y
44. Mock funerals# u$ y& }. [- g) a
45. Demonstrative funerals2 ?, M! Y/ r% u' e( Z: Q- p
46. Homage at burial places( p' l/ x4 U' l: y9 ]1 v
/ ^" e0 c+ l+ j/ l9 MPublic Assemblies# Y3 O4 R. z0 S; Y2 C0 V
47. Assemblies of protest or support o$ m# ?! G) Y' O$ F1 G/ D
48. Protest meetings
( `( F$ d9 e, A- }' @6 a9 p+ Y/ x 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ ?" T$ H- N8 J: J$ r7 E
50. Teach-ins
: |2 n r# d" f+ C+ g j
* ?" k8 Y) M( d/ h4 RWithdrawal and Renunciation
" X: d0 L1 }& F5 ^: y( P7 ? 51. Walk-outs9 }" A3 g( ~9 A
52. Silence
3 Z# M* _/ L. U8 a- T, F 53. Renouncing honors
. u0 N8 ]! M2 A8 w, D 54. Turning one’s back
$ w9 v0 L3 Y5 g# {9 f' T* O% g: G M5 y
, l6 D$ B2 A& Z * T0 S/ Z5 U9 W# t- @' N6 W) z* f/ Y
' e9 m3 M+ u$ U, x* _
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- P. ~" ]5 I6 b4 ], e3 g
. B i& c/ d) U- e) Z' B4 P
6 o& K. U9 Y, s5 P1 U' p; J7 [8 e! i, L
: | e K5 |# q" e: \( \Ostracism of Persons. K0 s2 z' n( `
55. Social boycott
) X2 t# s/ b7 \ 56. Selective social boycott
* |0 q, G q5 t3 o J' L: s 57. Lysistratic nonaction
P$ k F3 s8 Q# D$ G( | 58. Excommunication0 T$ q! s* R3 G7 a
59. Interdict: h! K$ M1 n4 p5 V- V w
4 i* \% f a5 r1 PNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# Q+ `# k V7 U6 o% I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) N2 n+ {$ Z W1 t 61. Boycott of social affairs
, a" D0 i1 M N; l4 u i 62. Student strike$ P0 m: ^1 I9 z1 {5 o( P
63. Social disobedience& B4 B! O3 u7 q: k' t
64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 \ p8 M7 K) Q9 g- Q. G6 A% L
6 [4 R f: t, J
Withdrawal from the Social System2 x" B# B/ R6 H4 x
65. Stay-at-home7 P. A% o4 D8 {# U
66. Total personal noncooperation
; m3 U( W- ^ x; V8 H. U 67. “Flight” of workers- Q8 ]% A0 `2 E3 o& _) `4 }
68. Sanctuary
' t5 d/ N+ I+ ~) T 69. Collective disappearance
( W5 ~9 l; I: |$ K) n6 e; X) K 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# A4 o! G, B I p8 Z/ l
% e3 v# |; _7 @( [ 7 C/ o: M. u, G" X
( G0 G# G, L* ~6 Q: r) |
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 S* a! J |' C+ g1 G3 f; F
/ r8 \7 ?( I4 |6 a6 ]' x
. e3 \$ [$ z. |& w% [Actions by Consumers- R4 U: X( L- M- y8 F1 L
71. Consumers’ boycott
# B& }1 s$ q8 h' ?3 y; p2 \* S3 }: r 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: H! |( c" M# V+ _- z
73. Policy of austerity7 n" |( j4 _$ Z) H: w
74. Rent withholding
/ o% b9 D7 `% r( w$ j& r 75. Refusal to rent- K% ?2 T: m2 `$ U+ P2 X3 b8 c
76. National consumers’ boycott
. @ x7 z4 l3 @% |( v 77. International consumers’ boycott
; M! K0 b# @5 A$ N& j: J$ j
4 X* R! l( `' W! ~: bAction by Workers and Producers! x4 U8 `# R f/ |& m
78. Workmen’s boycott4 V+ N1 z7 i, y% ?, o
79. Producers’ boycott* x: l$ X. D$ `. ]5 A
1 M s ?( z3 s
Action by Middlemen
5 T$ ~% l1 f. K8 u6 S8 e0 a9 E 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott* \% N2 _# Q r7 X
/ z% g/ h7 Z! U/ d6 ?6 g
Action by Owners and Management
, k7 e7 c" t4 S8 l8 g2 d 81. Traders’ boycott
+ S1 V( W" |: b9 J. y) @2 V 82. Refusal to let or sell property5 s3 j V0 G: V+ x# |# I7 r) ~
83. Lockout8 ?3 z% }: e7 x( n6 D/ w0 \
84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 I: ]$ S' M" @7 j% D- Z
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" N4 |1 |& x+ A s' r3 K
2 H& l& z5 b" N% C& w4 wAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! g$ v% L. }- P$ G: N 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, M% K% K1 F) v n4 V, ^ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 @1 n* o' U# m9 I 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; z9 {% m7 L0 P7 I! ?! { 89. Severance of funds and credit* P; K+ Y1 {2 `/ Q; l
90. Revenue refusal
S9 ^3 t7 {4 \/ E+ m) F. Z" A 91. Refusal of a government’s money: ]! Z4 E4 S9 d- [2 g; f3 z
J. n! y2 S; w; o' _+ |: b2 o0 m
Action by Governments
' G/ N) K' r0 i2 o5 Z 92. Domestic embargo
2 h r' ^/ H; @- ?' z! @ 93. Blacklisting of traders( f4 u% O v) {* u
94. International sellers’ embargo
) y: j3 ~8 Z0 c0 [3 W 95. International buyers’ embargo, ~3 d8 c# v7 L
96. International trade embargo0 h* ?7 r/ d; \; y8 S: ^3 B
+ S% ?, }- }2 X6 a& d
0 E! m: f4 S! q/ B C
; z% ^0 L f* X. ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE I+ K8 W9 d1 N6 I; l [) ]
! F2 q+ A6 a2 s
2 U4 p" L7 r4 w! H) YSymbolic Strikes* n2 P$ V2 B, q/ m [, h8 t
97. Protest strike3 ]3 s3 h# k, U& Y, D
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike), v; i% v5 ^ |- M r' G( n
+ `9 \* o$ `! A9 dAgricultural Strikes
" V5 ?+ o0 a! u/ F5 {! u 99. Peasant strike
4 [0 R1 S' E A( {( e T$ P8 _, I 100. Farm Workers’ strike u+ M* p# ?2 D! ^- H, w( m
7 i. C. Z7 p7 {0 i& ]; TStrikes by Special Groups
2 c( x; ?0 ~- n3 _1 [/ S6 R$ S 101. Refusal of impressed labor: x, R: s5 X2 C* W8 [3 C. P; _: h
102. Prisoners’ strike
( c3 d2 `4 I3 L 103. Craft strike& d8 j) J& u0 p
104. Professional strike% `( ^( X- D9 |; n2 s6 \0 w2 ~9 Q
5 X# A2 x$ v. }: N1 A
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 j) ?7 U$ r7 t# J; v, b 105. Establishment strike x0 ^* g( q+ l6 L! m `; A, d
106. Industry strike5 v$ M4 W% m4 H3 i5 G6 a
107. Sympathetic strike
$ o0 D% b8 o6 F) \+ y. |
$ C6 }& q% [7 `% i) Y. ~6 hRestricted Strikes
3 S6 A, d4 f' Y# ~9 L! }6 p% M5 X$ l9 U 108. Detailed strike$ r& N+ ^0 x, ]+ ?5 X
109. Bumper strike& @: V' R' y6 B, H5 ?
110. Slowdown strike' M" G* P1 ?% `- p! [
111. Working-to-rule strike5 J. X+ Z9 Y$ |* r
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: H+ M/ H" ?6 g, O; h 113. Strike by resignation
& H$ F8 W- o' _3 h, @- e3 X2 W 114. Limited strike: A; K( H. N& ~$ v! r A
115. Selective strike/ G0 s+ m& A! b+ ?- `' E0 Q o2 p
9 n8 Q( v+ \! j8 X; a
Multi-Industry Strikes. L* O7 a3 B, _/ m% u+ S
& e2 M; L' b8 l
116. Generalized strike
- ^) z: ~6 @3 [* ?- c' D6 B9 x1 X' z4 `8 [ A1 x
117. General strike" }* Z0 ^0 o" P3 r: j$ t
( A6 S. d- y! H CCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures/ }2 f* _' V* F7 `
% y M$ m* r! i8 s7 \/ F 118. Hartal
# I6 k T3 `+ O) ]7 t8 Y
- H4 E8 }$ m0 `( j8 Z7 \" i8 T 119. Economic shutdown
# U' P3 Z! X: C1 v4 `$ x- r, b/ m; h) z* w' Y# O8 U: P
8 c% Q1 {1 g* I' ^/ R8 K3 X X, B, T6 l
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
. B# v8 k& z/ c J( h( n' ]) X% @
1 l e( y8 H* C% I7 Z8 b" N
- O- a3 ?- t t* d) `8 O( T! uRejection of Authority- O+ Z" b2 x* X+ I- x
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( ^" n0 n9 M3 Y! Y, I6 u0 Y) N) |; d
121. Refusal of public support
& _0 I! i. t' V) q) b g* {2 {" }. b 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
8 T& N; t) h' L% c e! O8 Q5 R# |! s
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government- T* z* b0 ]: f$ h
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ { L4 B( G! R; o" k5 S/ J 124. Boycott of elections
2 Y: s5 v' A) p& x/ G5 b- L' G 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 w5 t/ i2 d3 P 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 Y1 x9 R) Y& f* Y6 ?5 a 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' J6 u! ?7 x0 a6 T 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, Y- M' I& v1 i- G! M 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ n4 p% w* V" [5 G
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( J9 F, I5 }9 |/ ?. A 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& E* v- U% I" N" U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
) i t$ B7 J$ [
/ u2 ?8 F0 g. E5 t3 e6 SCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 K) O4 E$ w* N6 ~
133. Reluctant and slow compliance! W' |) K6 m, W$ k$ A3 Y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. H! v& D: x1 a, K$ O5 B8 v 135. Popular nonobedience
/ _% f5 D, I& ] 136. Disguised disobedience
1 ~7 Z" Q8 ~" k3 e1 L& R 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- i/ V+ k1 a+ R/ Q
138. Sitdown! G7 o* a! Y0 B! t# o w
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# ?2 L! |) T% m V0 g% J
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
9 \' e# z' c& V/ o( b4 K- h 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws A# F0 j9 c$ ^+ G0 z3 `
5 |' ~9 K4 H" T8 [- g0 SAction by Government Personnel
: r! { h+ w" c5 E 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
6 Z& g* S+ J2 u 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 K! K: R, o( l3 [) [4 i; L5 k
144. Stalling and obstruction4 n% s% p8 ^6 l4 b' u
145. General administrative noncooperation! r! B/ `! p% V5 z! A6 o
: O& P0 ]# u- ~ i1 Y/ N( _
146. Judicial noncooperation
+ A# }! ~) Z- W! D) u. d& T8 K4 v 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 o2 P& K% w% u* g 148. Mutiny
& w7 F6 T5 V) U3 z+ e' T9 [3 @Domestic Governmental Action. j' j- @. w) l0 |, b1 G: l
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; O/ H2 U# Z9 z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 E2 |6 O$ T# x5 H+ |5 p; a
8 R3 K, a/ q) `$ z5 qInternational Governmental Action
/ b% `# a( v( j; k' O$ B6 w4 t P 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 H2 I& u+ [5 ^3 m% q: t: v
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; v6 e% {4 p9 T @1 b/ `
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! e% ~0 `% o+ J8 c5 [: l, a: K 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
) [3 z5 z! q3 k0 T; D 155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ |2 n. U0 R1 Y G2 c
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) g: ^7 T/ C8 I& A7 R4 f* N# t4 D 157. Expulsion from international organizations
/ T) c: w) q' l( N2 S3 T4 l0 P% O4 _/ k+ u, ^ o9 B7 O% s( [* c
' y1 m8 A$ K0 y2 e, P( i6 E
- a+ R: O' z0 ?8 J2 R1 a' j. L! N6 KTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 A/ Y1 L H/ Y; i1 t! n" T( Q
- e) y! U& R0 [* }( K1 @' }
! K& @2 E/ P" _Psychological Intervention
6 ` E: u' U( K( f 158. Self-exposure to the elements& L2 K& H0 T9 W0 }6 I% ?# p' w4 P
159. The fast _ s/ ]/ `" J9 d
a) Fast of moral pressure S X/ \1 a% h" c2 b$ R$ B/ t
b) Hunger strike
) J# r# x3 V3 R c) Satyagrahic fast
- J2 E) N- C# d% V1 e& d$ b 160. Reverse trial
5 ^2 x% e. u' N- [$ X6 ` 161. Nonviolent harassment: c0 {$ x$ Q3 ^+ m. l* J2 c
4 x9 \3 Q+ t, Y
Physical Intervention
) Q6 r% c1 `/ _, {* p. P 162. Sit-in
& E3 ?. D6 N# _% F: r2 x1 i 163. Stand-in
* k" I9 @# l0 j 164. Ride-in7 @6 a7 }2 s( b
165. Wade-in, P6 p% p# f4 Y+ o5 t' F6 w
166. Mill-in
) s( y0 ?* L `. c8 o( k: R 167. Pray-in: P: O e3 q0 d% j Z
168. Nonviolent raids& f% P; W8 L( B) B5 B6 ~. |
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 K% S) y) n m8 R' i+ G$ J 170. Nonviolent invasion
k; ]) J! r3 h/ G7 H+ i 171. Nonviolent interjection
9 g) N. X7 |: e, a5 L: b8 \! z 172. Nonviolent obstruction- t: b5 J. m9 j! Z4 k4 [9 L
173. Nonviolent occupation# `2 I' @$ k. ~1 n3 g( h. N+ j
# t" h/ [" ]& a5 j
Social Intervention
: S4 ]) c- W$ ^8 n3 L 174. Establishing new social patterns. w7 R& a2 n4 t% y! d
175. Overloading of facilities4 q o' N( O4 c$ b- L
176. Stall-in4 N6 Z$ F9 h& Y& X- M8 y
177. Speak-in
& F& v4 q2 ]/ J 178. Guerrilla theater
% W7 i, k9 c5 S5 Z 179. Alternative social institutions
. _: |- J% C( R5 Y, U0 Z 180. Alternative communication system* j$ x, v! C( \. Y' U, M
+ I, c, D/ a; y$ t$ N5 JEconomic Intervention
+ ]& S' w0 Y; z, G/ I1 k3 ] 181. Reverse strike) k7 g/ i: _, Y9 @) ]
182. Stay-in strike
' p' U( a! @# I! ~$ z; D 183. Nonviolent land seizure; m: \, @8 I3 s
184. Defiance of blockades8 s- ~9 w2 G0 _7 |& c0 t, i7 S
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" A* Z' {. `7 ~8 j* Y- V3 k, D- m3 E 186. Preclusive purchasing
# K% }/ y" J) T- P- [) A, c 187. Seizure of assets
7 \7 d' Y4 S7 b+ E 188. Dumping
. K2 J& J( Q# z5 h 189. Selective patronage4 h' _3 u! @1 _ t
190. Alternative markets; p. y" k1 i* R k* p, A# z- s
191. Alternative transportation systems
; n' B5 d. ?4 _/ m 192. Alternative economic institutions! _2 Q/ f) `- @: |0 U
4 a, ^- e: i' d( ^2 B8 _
Political Intervention
+ U! N8 \ R7 [& j 193. Overloading of administrative systems, Z) U, X1 V" e" X, L' s
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( \. Q" K8 u" _: i0 ~8 c
195. Seeking imprisonment* U( h5 [* b: G' J9 U& e7 e
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 ~3 Y) c4 X$ q7 N' L0 T. A 197. Work-on without collaboration
~/ k7 J+ ~2 F7 Z# M 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
0 o* X; E; N5 x* n/ G1 K% y# T* V. u9 }: s- n. |% t
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
