 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 h) H& S, e2 _3 T2 I e$ j$ v
Formal Statements ]3 ~" Q. _/ b. U1 F, ]. i0 D/ ?
1. Public Speeches: L* a1 W7 x% n$ U0 v# N! Q' O9 {
2. Letters of opposition or support
2 ?: N* C( H p 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ n9 L" s+ t" L" Z 4. Signed public statements5 v" b, C0 H B m& D
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- o- s1 X" m7 P/ x 6. Group or mass petitions
+ q0 O# c; i( ?8 G$ g. G) R3 A
$ m3 Q0 q/ `2 l- N* |& VCommunications with a Wider Audience
; C" ?6 O/ I* W2 H" r- b 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols( f! F& X, m2 u) z0 c# [* m$ C* w
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: |* Z& z/ }. f, t4 c( w: t 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 S1 i; S: ?6 N% ?6 t 10. Newspapers and journals
& R: q& V. S7 K6 s9 U 11. Records, radio, and television
6 J0 g) e# L5 i1 b i0 K9 i; C) u 12. Skywriting and earthwriting" g6 D2 T i4 y) c0 m6 f
" T7 M* O7 f' I2 v- D9 P0 P
Group Representations
" o, p: X" P, {) c& F5 R. d1 F% W 13. Deputations' K9 g6 g0 Q( h. v0 }
14. Mock awards- Z3 b4 U. z. \
15. Group lobbying$ p4 P% X+ ]" W3 U: x! \
16. Picketing/ `/ P9 U8 f9 z( V( f
17. Mock elections3 R: v {- a$ \: |1 ?) J
1 m6 O2 F- A) a: G
Symbolic Public Acts9 ?& k$ a9 d, k! h, M$ s ]+ j* U
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 m+ g- K6 {# k2 n4 f+ |7 M 19. Wearing of symbols
" s; e& m' [8 H( e2 `2 `& C; _6 g 20. Prayer and worship
! L) T# v" v. \, [ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
( K% w$ n& k0 u" c( T' k, [. q2 t6 ^1 l3 I 22. Protest disrobings
2 c& _8 e0 h$ W/ ^2 [$ n( P3 {! ] 23. Destruction of own property
3 y' C+ t }( z" @4 l6 V0 x 24. Symbolic lights
/ {9 }: e- I* ~# {. A 25. Displays of portraits6 K8 Y) U: k" Z. Z
26. Paint as protest9 E. c7 Q5 r7 a( b5 Q" Q% s- t" t
27. New signs and names
: L# r' V# ]5 }7 N, }' u 28. Symbolic sounds* g5 @3 m/ T4 ? m. p* Y4 p% l
29. Symbolic reclamations
! j. V/ L1 e9 q$ @% x 30. Rude gestures
; m+ s! Z2 P( [: g" l8 d7 v3 K( r6 @' s) l8 y' ?
Pressures on Individuals
( ^0 U% S$ r+ q* C5 ~ A% o6 t; l 31. “Haunting” officials3 M! C9 i# N+ a1 @' s% u8 b
32. Taunting officials
3 b e7 U: O& ~3 H 33. Fraternization
2 }8 ^5 M6 D4 [- d 34. Vigils
" g* x. {$ X, m! C! O
9 V5 R/ w: O1 f0 r' w6 YDrama and Music
0 F( T- b8 s1 l. w P 35. Humorous skits and pranks; C$ b3 T) R: N- r- |3 E+ e" E5 }
36. Performances of plays and music
) {$ S- P8 c0 ?3 {! v 37. Singing q5 ^) i5 ]2 ?
! {% p4 s1 m0 v/ F) ?3 h( b* p
Processions
6 A! M u$ d C- w% j 38. Marches8 _2 T2 u; w# _; h6 |- t, @3 e" b
39. Parades, ~( ]0 Y/ i+ v' X5 T5 x0 D7 J
40. Religious processions% A8 j7 ^" o6 v* R1 t
41. Pilgrimages+ h3 F4 ?- w. P, ~, }' a( r
42. Motorcades
t5 F) C4 G! m0 o3 G6 P2 ?" { {8 X7 e+ [
Honoring the Dead" V2 n& r' i0 V" R$ B0 k" g( R
43. Political mourning# b% Q. ^) k: t8 ?
44. Mock funerals
* N# T1 S6 L9 c, y, f& F1 U' W 45. Demonstrative funerals. Y& V7 @% m1 s w" z
46. Homage at burial places
- e& H5 x3 p* d' g, q: h
# e# e9 E5 r) D, @2 c j7 xPublic Assemblies
+ r2 S1 k. E: \+ u5 t; U; {6 Z 47. Assemblies of protest or support
: ]+ h q; X3 N% B0 t2 P 48. Protest meetings) Y) ~" A+ F. f0 V) t5 e; d: c
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 I8 N# Q e$ X) A
50. Teach-ins4 k4 t: U& O! r! b ]7 K
4 F/ R3 c; R, a0 H. BWithdrawal and Renunciation/ ]8 H6 _' m. y
51. Walk-outs
4 V5 Z! N4 o. s9 f' P: ~4 O4 c 52. Silence
- n" x4 b; J2 `& `+ m 53. Renouncing honors' S! f: p. Q4 u, b% f& ]' b
54. Turning one’s back& Q1 ?6 U5 B0 b1 P# {; J2 s; ?
) p: @9 ~4 e9 K0 O$ O+ \+ }# G+ W
2 w! Q# x% R5 ` S8 X2 `" _/ T: j- m; H! S
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION: A8 h7 l" B i& q% ?* j# `8 z6 F; N
% T3 Z6 e8 v* @6 D5 V ~- V+ @ * T) R/ N) |8 J. D4 f
+ K4 x* U) J; }
Ostracism of Persons
; h; T% ]! g7 m1 ^' \ 55. Social boycott
! F F5 ^; U6 e( a1 _7 p7 M 56. Selective social boycott- ^8 g7 o+ V) L$ Q
57. Lysistratic nonaction% t) r/ ?, P) [7 _/ F5 ]
58. Excommunication
2 L L! J E! ~0 `6 ^3 F 59. Interdict
7 W8 b2 f& Y5 Q5 z9 x5 @' K9 X& Y% H, Y- v4 P
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( Y9 g; c. \; ~2 j 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
* s3 Q j/ M# I( g 61. Boycott of social affairs
' o3 J* S, V/ l: V 62. Student strike5 F+ j6 R: \3 e
63. Social disobedience$ \3 ?* ^" B+ t: g& K/ h$ B1 O; v
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
N" ]( F' A# b! ?) ~5 r
! d6 |$ q- k. aWithdrawal from the Social System7 ?, F+ X2 H2 u& I1 @ T
65. Stay-at-home
7 S' e# I- s* V) p9 {& ~- _& f" F- p3 e 66. Total personal noncooperation
7 ^! Q5 @2 y7 K, z5 b4 ^0 v% Y/ a 67. “Flight” of workers" B3 }1 C+ E/ y1 C' e
68. Sanctuary$ V( E/ C9 h8 ]8 \0 ~2 Y: V8 d; K
69. Collective disappearance7 Q# b- @8 d! M. N
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)1 N5 l, q1 N, g2 R1 u: d( m
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3 n( j& n- X) s' }7 g/ d
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 N% k+ T# D7 V
) _& w5 `+ L* x$ X- i - p4 h; u; e% g ]5 p+ ^
Actions by Consumers5 Q4 A/ n5 Q( h$ G3 g% {) ~
71. Consumers’ boycott
/ l8 P1 k- G. t! s+ ^5 Y* T 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) I s: z0 H- a8 ^7 b1 g. g4 f 73. Policy of austerity' |5 S! T, R3 i; C5 N7 K6 l
74. Rent withholding
: F* t% q! E* S2 b, O 75. Refusal to rent
- A5 ]: d* e. e* }5 A3 z4 E' R4 l( ] 76. National consumers’ boycott
5 [; ~5 m; h9 V- d 77. International consumers’ boycott
& C9 w/ P" u, W) y! h) f% \- W* q2 v5 v" a6 j1 \) v4 } Z& W
Action by Workers and Producers2 V6 R8 n# r# u( F) m' G
78. Workmen’s boycott0 g J4 p. t" h* z& N7 b3 r. f( r
79. Producers’ boycott
* y; h9 o2 S' N4 d- Z6 q9 a5 C' U7 Z
Action by Middlemen# F4 _8 \5 ]. k# I7 k, ]
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. v5 S& l* y" E- z! D/ M! w' C& W- `5 g
Action by Owners and Management' _6 [1 @& x, b: M
81. Traders’ boycott1 t1 A! W- ~3 J# l; k6 A
82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 Y$ u) K% W6 t0 ~, n" t6 J 83. Lockout
; T% v" ~) r8 D. f 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 b7 `1 h0 ~& B8 A+ W- z) g0 n 85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 E. M5 r! \; b1 c/ j+ s1 q) f. c
5 y* @( \) g6 XAction by Holders of Financial Resources
) D9 h- P* D/ o% L2 w0 h 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' a- r* J# e1 u, s 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' H% J: k6 l! B 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: O2 v$ p0 d& e( G. L- g
89. Severance of funds and credit
# T# H2 H, _% i 90. Revenue refusal0 ]3 a7 m B4 V3 ^1 q v3 r2 W
91. Refusal of a government’s money
) S9 j( N/ A8 E, a9 p: L& D# T9 }5 I* P8 s$ E
Action by Governments
0 E c) c9 e8 x! D6 V 92. Domestic embargo
: F1 b% s$ V+ [/ z* d 93. Blacklisting of traders' Q+ D1 v0 w3 a" p# U
94. International sellers’ embargo
' e, i9 K+ h7 D, a4 J7 h/ f 95. International buyers’ embargo
/ _% X3 R0 b: ~3 e6 E0 z. q 96. International trade embargo0 k, l3 g# k7 }# g7 _4 a# i
6 R# P; c. d& N9 G
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4 G' \7 V7 p, ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
S$ @, v. B2 W7 y' ~2 I% D* d* P e7 B, Z% z
O3 S! ?, c& E; M& T5 D! cSymbolic Strikes
' }. @- I4 B! L 97. Protest strike
/ S1 \. S+ Z" F4 ^ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: N+ t3 U8 }9 b3 @' S& r" V9 B" S# `8 b _/ T, v* @) }& K! P
Agricultural Strikes
2 v( E& l0 t* v" e6 v) B% k 99. Peasant strike
1 w% @* t$ D, N 100. Farm Workers’ strike% F$ V* h5 c+ y' D6 y: o5 d
2 T$ A w7 `1 \/ B4 q& y& lStrikes by Special Groups
% \4 X2 o; ~; J9 y8 e 101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 @/ J, L+ q' M8 [! T, @+ f 102. Prisoners’ strike H8 ~2 M" N/ h# ?1 l
103. Craft strike
" j0 p' [$ x/ K9 ? 104. Professional strike) z, h, l( ?) \$ M& p7 p+ q4 c A
+ y) b% z# V0 W
Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ J1 z- k2 o" Q4 k; Q2 Z0 }3 q
105. Establishment strike
! ?$ F" V* Z" j" u6 y 106. Industry strike
1 d4 _+ D/ G3 v# w 107. Sympathetic strike8 G% D* W2 _& a7 x. z: `
5 ?& }2 a$ h# I5 C5 D, i
Restricted Strikes3 L0 B( H; K ^! \2 D
108. Detailed strike
9 N" e0 ?6 |8 U; W, y, k, Q 109. Bumper strike, x, v0 k. }& a8 I- }' @% p; _2 M# R
110. Slowdown strike4 Y3 M4 x' S4 n/ B9 F
111. Working-to-rule strike
7 v3 L) u* ?) I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! L8 I5 \( W1 l- q
113. Strike by resignation* p- R: w9 @& J/ t6 ~6 J! G" b
114. Limited strike5 t# F N# }$ o/ I+ n. |
115. Selective strike
8 g- }, P: Y# k5 X3 N+ H* J6 N0 i% R2 f. \! M5 K0 M" r
Multi-Industry Strikes! [0 s5 ^" J' X+ }* N
* [9 J/ q3 N( }3 l4 M) {$ E: N& @ 116. Generalized strike) r( y# b( v4 e& \) _) q6 ?9 T3 @% Z2 m
. [* H6 a" O/ a' W, i/ z5 [) R" p
117. General strike( S2 {7 [3 R! o# V; q
) y; F! @: O: J3 j2 w S1 t; B: kCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
" F5 ]- T+ Z/ W5 o6 O# v O- m- W: s! ^
118. Hartal# K4 H; ~1 e4 ?0 m! D3 Q
; c* D* R6 i6 ~$ Z ] 119. Economic shutdown z- F0 [2 P, i8 S4 c
3 E! G2 y3 F( ]' Z3 V2 F1 j # [; W2 k5 w1 h" R2 ~2 r4 b: X
3 R+ t. k! n, a/ B/ R7 b2 ITHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( j: `: o' w# E
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Rejection of Authority
5 `, V2 P; x2 O' t; N 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ I" [2 L1 l9 y- w0 @% @% {% {
121. Refusal of public support
* C6 i3 _6 b% {0 l8 Z) |! [ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ Z: b, {1 Y+ w7 d2 G- y) n. K3 ~5 i% D$ b; Y; j5 \. ~
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 z. M6 J& [) _1 g. n- k
123. Boycott of legislative bodies( {: Q& }, m$ S8 p' g6 R! l; _5 D
124. Boycott of elections- b3 ~' ?$ Q/ w
125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 _! T9 K; {8 i9 a0 j% F
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* q; H( p/ y, J% l$ Q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 H+ T/ D- V! `7 Z- {5 P
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
2 U0 E9 e7 a' z* _6 g 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. { W6 A3 A" M# m: }/ ^
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- _$ l! u% q( j, O8 h
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- D) T2 u8 x+ O9 u/ { 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 x3 @# M7 g4 i! {+ C" y/ v( P
9 _2 R( b5 l3 Q- S! _) F/ [8 BCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* ~7 v5 P4 p# r! V6 m 133. Reluctant and slow compliance" N; |: x7 | S5 P3 k' B- U
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! n2 Y. P5 O, P) T9 T# c3 G5 R$ z5 i3 h
135. Popular nonobedience
& F6 C3 f* L `# r8 y 136. Disguised disobedience
5 E+ z9 F: M7 H 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" Q' S/ ?( v! J 138. Sitdown2 U |/ v% ~4 z: e
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
o) l, S3 s$ H* u) x 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 f! C! _' H2 H9 n7 }9 Y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% B' @2 I& [7 ^' `0 e: z
/ [8 g. F6 Y& i! j
Action by Government Personnel
) b, M, h* L* @3 c" }1 E+ w8 ]$ f! E4 p 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% K! ~. z7 m2 o, T( B 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( Y9 s) k9 O( @( Y& c 144. Stalling and obstruction
; k. j. {7 v5 @) L 145. General administrative noncooperation& b+ `- m6 ]# r; H9 s( o
, ^ C5 t* k: H
146. Judicial noncooperation
! \0 ^1 L. V) J0 w8 ?1 {! G 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ Y' T' {. R: t& k7 T 148. Mutiny8 A3 m% o _+ C0 u5 ^) k! a$ A. K
Domestic Governmental Action3 P4 k& G6 a- P& I* W. }8 U. |
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 [' u. d7 D2 k l1 P. I
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ I, @5 I0 Y Z5 g
! G/ a( o @8 {+ f; Q4 h
International Governmental Action
5 q" n0 y2 j* ]2 y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 z; |" E# G* x& U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events& ~4 C4 c% Z, m: Q* V. ]
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition* s7 u1 H- A/ Q+ M7 G
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 f$ D2 P0 H! s: ? 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 E* l7 d: T5 C9 p" ] 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* p, _; Q& X( p: o' x 157. Expulsion from international organizations/ l/ @0 \, H/ K8 {2 K6 |
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1 _ ^" Z7 h T. C3 M
* K6 Q7 l; f) _ UTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# Y, J! z8 }8 a$ L# u) w
9 q& r0 H! q6 B- U
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Psychological Intervention ~5 g" }1 N7 o ~$ e
158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ r3 Z8 x! g5 w& u4 K N6 r 159. The fast1 Y& l' ?2 w& r, K8 o
a) Fast of moral pressure
4 Z* \4 X5 u5 ~9 i# r0 a b) Hunger strike9 V" w* X/ y8 z1 _
c) Satyagrahic fast# @, g5 D( M; D4 C: m
160. Reverse trial J( Y1 X' D& Q
161. Nonviolent harassment* ~& [* P' O. m
$ p: F o: ]9 t6 o) S6 k! q ]& UPhysical Intervention2 g; _% l% N7 v4 r
162. Sit-in
8 ~2 l/ J( m/ H) d 163. Stand-in! h% _. }6 F$ [) w# g
164. Ride-in
8 A. @5 w% Y2 o' F) ~; e' _ 165. Wade-in8 Z5 f' _" u4 s {1 Y4 o5 U
166. Mill-in
! k. ^# l/ X; a( a+ s4 F 167. Pray-in
: N _- c( ~/ L/ g 168. Nonviolent raids1 {) L; C( R# C* E2 Y6 o
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ I* X, ?0 \( P P 170. Nonviolent invasion$ @ x2 _( w4 @" C4 k* {
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 P$ R* {) }8 e 172. Nonviolent obstruction. R. H0 P$ z4 I; ?
173. Nonviolent occupation
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& l: _: |# b* S# `( J- m1 \$ L6 p) @Social Intervention* ]& Z9 Y# ^5 C( J
174. Establishing new social patterns
3 x4 A0 B4 m3 V 175. Overloading of facilities
1 T0 L& I7 V% f4 v- O2 y 176. Stall-in
' n( } p2 A5 i+ y; c5 t8 E8 ^ 177. Speak-in
& h: N% C f: p! F& f: Q0 }+ U 178. Guerrilla theater9 }, H7 G& n, t5 V6 b# [1 j
179. Alternative social institutions
$ Q& W7 |1 |0 C7 s; b 180. Alternative communication system
' G9 {: z/ ], a( T; [1 i* G5 j
Economic Intervention
+ \+ ^: U5 j, R/ M8 F( h' Y 181. Reverse strike
, A' Q- [, V/ g( D3 j 182. Stay-in strike
- l: Q5 \6 T8 s, P: Z 183. Nonviolent land seizure
9 H. i9 p7 Q1 G$ ~# U0 U/ H 184. Defiance of blockades; Y; E, k7 D" s3 h+ B0 ?+ \
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ E& t: p4 h- x 186. Preclusive purchasing4 V* x, Q* c% W' u' {7 d! |
187. Seizure of assets' U! w! V( O* ?# y" i
188. Dumping
O! U/ Y! f2 y1 K 189. Selective patronage! J L3 ~8 v: ]4 q
190. Alternative markets
& F; y1 w9 L3 X+ N 191. Alternative transportation systems
5 e3 ^ H( N0 p6 f1 r/ R6 [ 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 E& g2 ?# g/ q
8 p: S+ }. M; ~7 L& F* c( X5 }Political Intervention
) ^0 h- b: A9 [" l& z8 s8 g. p* I 193. Overloading of administrative systems
! @2 x9 o2 s) K9 E 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 c" w1 s) e/ {3 b) m
195. Seeking imprisonment- [! O$ w3 ?2 [ C1 P( Y) D
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
5 |! P6 O3 b2 y% {0 n/ t! y4 ~( B 197. Work-on without collaboration
0 Q7 l$ J5 x) g; C1 y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
5 p! C) J2 n" w( o3 C: ?1 w. U7 ]! }' t5 `
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
