 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 G7 ` a, h& `/ M1 `. a
Formal Statements. @# a e4 L! l, X; V( Q5 E
1. Public Speeches, {' c. e4 I$ B. a) J* v
2. Letters of opposition or support
/ a# A+ ]3 ^* t; N9 Q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. ^' r% U+ w* G) r$ |& y* I 4. Signed public statements
# Q5 @/ O# M# v9 v. f& x2 D 5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 M2 k( j# d5 d+ r
6. Group or mass petitions( P( ]" \& g) |; s
9 S7 o3 t5 B/ _, ECommunications with a Wider Audience$ w8 y; N1 z% m6 r8 j, l
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 I+ ~- l1 }* s$ T( O8 e2 m 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications; [9 Z6 K: l- w# f$ J, I
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 C2 E$ ?9 u2 o$ j8 X. r! Z8 {
10. Newspapers and journals
) Z7 }9 U+ L$ @. i 11. Records, radio, and television
: k* v! g1 r j _1 ?/ S 12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 r5 k, ]" Z. ?* N3 \+ O
8 [+ m+ O. h% z% D) J
Group Representations: M$ m' t4 b. v# u+ E
13. Deputations3 F7 M" k2 L2 j3 E% w8 [3 U" ]- H
14. Mock awards; I8 X) i: ?% }, |0 T* z) B3 Q- z
15. Group lobbying6 n' x/ k9 ^; u& ^' v* ~* W x: L
16. Picketing
. H5 E5 |! b* n( M9 w/ Q& W# U 17. Mock elections+ `, R8 h) r* u( x
' Y- { u5 |8 Y1 y6 M) J5 F: aSymbolic Public Acts
& T3 @+ p/ q; o; U4 T S# w 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& i" C2 B( P' Q; s1 S& q1 [
19. Wearing of symbols' r( M1 h9 Q2 L( Q
20. Prayer and worship
* d N6 H+ A: Z* J; A3 a 21. Delivering symbolic objects; _& ^6 _7 [6 d3 x) H
22. Protest disrobings1 r0 i* F3 Q; }" o3 D( Y
23. Destruction of own property) |$ c+ N' N$ E$ g+ y
24. Symbolic lights
2 \* _: I; Q; s6 ]- ]$ x* | 25. Displays of portraits' d. C* l/ [* n8 e( x3 }
26. Paint as protest
/ h$ M- M; j( B9 q" Q2 e: `9 ^ 27. New signs and names
- v B: W' k3 v$ _4 n 28. Symbolic sounds
5 E* @7 X) n* D3 Q3 B 29. Symbolic reclamations
; i* m9 t# t; v% }" g6 F 30. Rude gestures( b- H6 b1 B) x4 U+ A
2 u W7 R/ l- n' J) N0 t. K4 o
Pressures on Individuals
/ g' x, @: F. e' R: v 31. “Haunting” officials# `. e! d8 Y0 _& t
32. Taunting officials
0 A2 g0 U5 v( F: | |( P0 `, X9 r 33. Fraternization
& A, L0 l0 Y& S0 ]2 r6 d a 34. Vigils4 Z+ q6 M1 N1 \# {1 v/ `
3 I% d; M6 N1 f! o
Drama and Music: t" @) h( S7 h. `9 m
35. Humorous skits and pranks" W' { F, Z1 W* ~
36. Performances of plays and music/ R6 z$ w1 U# U! i0 N( h- l
37. Singing) c" w$ o3 ~) j
8 f6 V/ [" B4 {
Processions
: g- Q8 h* M. x% m 38. Marches: _# T- Y' P+ I( w) ]. d& B' [
39. Parades
0 ~( ?! g; l3 n, P) p' L 40. Religious processions9 C. f" x$ p3 e
41. Pilgrimages2 m4 {& X# l2 _2 a
42. Motorcades
! u* B* @, s) {4 y" b- v
% x0 f$ d. w; x! W4 h1 n* i' [4 jHonoring the Dead/ m8 h5 D3 C9 k* n0 m. d/ Z
43. Political mourning
! i' r, d! ]: [) t! U4 `$ D 44. Mock funerals& z7 N0 x6 Z V6 P' i- e
45. Demonstrative funerals
u' n2 I4 ~' h a0 I3 }- \ 46. Homage at burial places
5 }9 p f8 ^% Q, I4 M( i1 d, F0 p( C9 h ^& p: e
Public Assemblies; c0 E* D1 o' s) z4 f' J; Z
47. Assemblies of protest or support, }# N0 {9 k* N( u: h
48. Protest meetings
, C7 I. g: I t7 i. [* j 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& _, h. M8 B' [6 a8 d; T. ~7 V
50. Teach-ins
% i9 R; E! K7 Q \- ?
/ J) b1 ~8 R) n, _Withdrawal and Renunciation
. g) [, ]; Y- ? 51. Walk-outs$ E" a" a$ P% l5 D' p1 H' v
52. Silence
! o8 v% R5 _5 d0 A7 `# C 53. Renouncing honors
2 A9 a. U5 V/ L% K. u' H 54. Turning one’s back
( A% G( N4 x1 O+ s6 G' g- {# u* `, |5 k# P
' y, O- N: d. ]) w5 {# e# i( x
3 x! }, z. e* B2 k; kTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 L0 b1 b& f8 q0 Y/ d8 |
: `; G- e; B: m- r! b8 i: h7 X
9 }+ D3 E- K8 p/ ~5 \
) A( f- a/ \0 ]2 z" E
Ostracism of Persons+ z% ~, ~. }4 M* C) u
55. Social boycott: p% S9 ~( K& B( `
56. Selective social boycott8 z3 O$ m: q, O' Y
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# n9 q8 P# p0 n1 x- n2 I 58. Excommunication
4 F1 n5 G3 C- G. u8 H& p! H4 n( I 59. Interdict+ \; Z+ o5 \ X; e" t
) x# p9 Y! O3 D( I" \: n5 b5 Y( lNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! j4 _$ a- r$ ^) G. Q! i! N 60. Suspension of social and sports activities: ~9 ^* o6 [; ?8 n" H6 H
61. Boycott of social affairs3 S4 q5 ?4 g/ t8 A
62. Student strike
, v1 Q d2 A) a 63. Social disobedience1 \ H# t+ J( @) j" K
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 v- m+ R4 o6 O3 {+ E( H. [, O6 {5 d" j& J$ @5 q/ l% ]
Withdrawal from the Social System+ j I7 n9 u& M+ w9 U* L4 I$ s
65. Stay-at-home. V$ q, r a: w" C- b# ^
66. Total personal noncooperation. ?+ l# i8 ]6 r% v; x- T) ~
67. “Flight” of workers
% r& \2 O' D. l u" \- G 68. Sanctuary
& Y+ J% C- _: z+ I$ M1 u% E 69. Collective disappearance0 R; Y4 {- w; \% y
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
/ a }- j. p6 i( U, J( w- }
6 D0 m4 z$ g& `) A7 m 7 C1 N: d0 k0 D( L& Q' m
# @3 W e+ H' t5 t% ~
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
0 C+ j* M4 W$ X6 G: J# p# R" W6 n7 g( w! x4 q6 h7 Y$ U
4 e+ Q5 I% K6 r6 b# j$ c' ?
Actions by Consumers
' x' k0 l/ z N9 o1 o9 ` 71. Consumers’ boycott
[8 b8 S. |* v- @9 h 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ p6 D! T# Q+ G' h5 s
73. Policy of austerity
# J0 P4 O8 v/ ^4 H @- }. [& P1 u7 h 74. Rent withholding1 \- q7 V7 J9 a: K- W
75. Refusal to rent) r& _% y/ c' b7 B6 j$ b
76. National consumers’ boycott l/ v k8 D, o0 ^2 y
77. International consumers’ boycott
$ W$ o1 V1 H; H' b6 f* h
) F+ C$ \4 \: M( uAction by Workers and Producers
! W3 J( r% p* q5 `7 V" r/ q 78. Workmen’s boycott! e$ l0 P, G6 n1 N1 Y$ f
79. Producers’ boycott
9 }2 |& T3 R. A; `* s& z( F* \- f3 `4 d
Action by Middlemen( i" o" d9 u4 D2 M5 \% N0 J' c+ M
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott. R" q- F- [1 Z! r6 G# F! m
' T. V' X5 L- H6 |# UAction by Owners and Management) z/ O6 d& L3 y7 l
81. Traders’ boycott
: H$ f/ z t. W; W( G3 v 82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 ]5 t; |1 u* W0 Q! k 83. Lockout. T% {; ?7 D, K& z: ~6 f% K
84. Refusal of industrial assistance- o- L7 |6 I2 A/ g
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
H, M0 C6 P$ `# i; l& z+ ~* h! z) V e% M# o" p
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
6 [. r' o! |' b+ a/ N. ~/ w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ N6 U: {! _; D! L4 K# {, ^ ^ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 a. z/ X# t& `; ?7 |: W# D
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( \; Q" V$ \9 P
89. Severance of funds and credit+ V, C( F9 f: q( l/ f
90. Revenue refusal
- }5 Q% w' t, \! G3 a1 y1 ?7 D 91. Refusal of a government’s money
0 B2 a6 [, U0 {- d( o7 g
& b9 r# q* r3 c# @Action by Governments
3 Z2 s3 ~9 E$ t, R ] 92. Domestic embargo
& t* l% t" I9 h 93. Blacklisting of traders$ m+ F# P- M2 g. Q+ O, \# u- N5 ~
94. International sellers’ embargo
1 h: x( M+ g6 [. L; j. V 95. International buyers’ embargo0 Q* h9 C) T9 a" h: A+ O, X
96. International trade embargo. g' E7 R$ k9 U0 y P
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6 F6 [5 P6 c+ D0 c
* S: _9 J' v2 [
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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6 ]3 I+ ]0 K# y J) x3 \Symbolic Strikes
: q: Q a. E, S1 P 97. Protest strike" W& U' Y- Y- \0 X; f" m/ e
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, Q( Q0 T. B, \* z% | k# H1 N( ~ Q0 S! ^7 X/ |2 z' e
Agricultural Strikes" n: ]# L- n \% Q3 }
99. Peasant strike
1 Q% @# ]4 ^/ c7 A+ y 100. Farm Workers’ strike
- `3 |1 W. D! ?
1 o* c7 @4 t9 N9 rStrikes by Special Groups9 n* l; ]# v: e5 T
101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ p* v. }9 P7 _% ^: y, m) M! m) ] 102. Prisoners’ strike7 E5 D6 n* W$ I3 {# Y$ e
103. Craft strike
# E5 q# r1 g& M- u! z 104. Professional strike# ~5 H! o# @/ S) D/ `2 r
6 a+ v) L8 Y( f; ]0 vOrdinary Industrial Strikes# E6 S2 G7 ]. j- y2 h) `
105. Establishment strike/ P/ g; g; I! R* C
106. Industry strike
1 \3 m/ K! h8 v2 \& b0 j$ R( j 107. Sympathetic strike6 z a5 D b7 y" m o
% ?/ ~! l/ I$ s& Z" O+ ?' YRestricted Strikes
1 D5 U& S5 j% ?/ Y- o 108. Detailed strike
& S& O" K" i5 w1 W Y* z4 H 109. Bumper strike
! t+ d2 l6 u# J, K0 j- |7 N" } 110. Slowdown strike0 n. Y1 q! C* ~( h) y
111. Working-to-rule strike
6 s( N2 F3 ~* g 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. ]% B+ z" u) y" s- T 113. Strike by resignation
1 s H0 W, b) z& e! A* [ 114. Limited strike3 x/ l! `! Y+ O7 W: Y
115. Selective strike% |3 R+ l/ i5 Q; {2 v+ B- I
+ }0 |# V0 Y% O- Z ?+ f
Multi-Industry Strikes
7 s) z- | I: k* I# h
7 g q `& v$ _5 T& q 116. Generalized strike4 Z# j7 L' C7 L9 X( t
% L0 R6 d& G3 ?
117. General strike
/ C8 H- i9 N/ U; `9 Q
6 G7 Y- Q+ B% Q+ m$ ACombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, j1 [1 ^ |; x4 C! z
8 Y* y; X9 h! R# E8 L5 f5 d 118. Hartal. _1 u v4 [( r) k5 ?6 H
5 d1 y9 N1 z3 ~/ e: u8 i9 ~% g) h2 V( G
119. Economic shutdown
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: v# l7 K8 _$ v$ y& qTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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% r6 n/ R7 [' r4 }1 tRejection of Authority/ ~3 {! T. I/ ^, N4 w2 I" F
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; Q; p4 y) ~3 u5 p6 Q8 T; p' r
121. Refusal of public support; f! \, m8 s% t! ?% H: X; a7 y
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( l9 ] o# L+ g
1 t- k# @& U* R$ \$ X+ sCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government" ^# }) T1 @ I; A8 n0 u9 X6 G" Q- j
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
! A7 S: u( j+ `- r, ^2 D& R 124. Boycott of elections
% ~/ K9 w" p8 {. c' }/ b" t5 I4 c 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ e% G) L" u4 z7 J0 _& d1 c 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies9 u+ E+ Q3 W) R+ a8 _4 z2 L
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions; J# |2 i+ Q6 H: z2 O: @# r$ h& ~
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 F4 t; R/ M" L$ X& b 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 z6 M7 G5 a: i5 A6 a/ \# r
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) ~7 W/ C! X4 r G 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 m# h) \, }' z% i
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% _3 x* g5 U; Y t2 K$ k: v
" l F: I6 e. D1 \Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
) s4 G; D3 S% I% N; V, w 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 Q$ N E! C& o- Y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
! a4 o6 q c, z' p7 U& C- @ 135. Popular nonobedience2 d( E! s$ \% G' j3 }( O- J
136. Disguised disobedience. ~# F7 k; r( ?% J
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
3 X- n* y+ _% j& P$ H' x6 v 138. Sitdown
" {6 P0 Y" q1 K" p/ K2 {. O* p" J9 {2 _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; H# [9 o/ O5 [
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 R6 \" [4 Z m9 f* [5 i2 _
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* k6 V7 u) O2 {8 U2 Y, |, l' B
- C" Y; }% p h; W- T+ m: ]Action by Government Personnel
$ _, ~+ {3 ~. ~ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 d$ s2 {! k! r( Q
143. Blocking of lines of command and information- [% J% J: k6 U1 {7 Q: D- S
144. Stalling and obstruction
( Y' y' e" W" ?( l; _3 {4 c: U W 145. General administrative noncooperation% e4 u4 M- g6 O
' p- ~3 K: m4 i( B) W7 c t5 U 146. Judicial noncooperation
+ v4 V3 _# G$ c 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
: l- b0 c) L! Y+ x; |- @' H 148. Mutiny
1 S4 K2 U A: Z4 ?Domestic Governmental Action% s5 c* _# {( R) k" t
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 q" `9 ~( C$ u' M& A
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
8 Y0 J! l& B% c0 [! z; T' A# Z Q) E3 u+ e% \ J* v6 _
International Governmental Action7 o% p* x& Q4 u
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ m) t' P Q& K/ n: ?! U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! ?1 q5 a$ w2 {4 ~4 N
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ y3 V7 b- f+ M% Y6 {- \ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations( l. [/ C+ U; @# D# J" U0 e
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 ?( O* H* F5 v( a; e 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) |2 ?2 {: x o% @0 C' b% ? 157. Expulsion from international organizations
5 V- `9 K( h% I' h* V, h5 m# |& i, V. k* I5 G* B
+ Y' H: ]7 S6 T# e4 ^. u1 T U
7 O+ ], B/ A+ b8 XTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
5 z" ^' y' D2 _* n1 _) V
. J# a: M: D7 H8 s; T5 }% x; @
& n; ~9 [+ t* o, H, }) y4 dPsychological Intervention7 n8 h5 Q) G2 J
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 c. ^7 p- N% J2 ~9 U2 r) {1 V 159. The fast# Y, e, r% c' ]5 p& _0 V3 S& i
a) Fast of moral pressure( ^, \- S! }2 }" {" T
b) Hunger strike
0 i" }& _1 v; @1 e9 m4 v c) Satyagrahic fast
; `2 F4 F( W6 p! B 160. Reverse trial
4 r# x/ c6 U* `& [( }. S5 i5 M 161. Nonviolent harassment
0 O' I- y# Z, X9 l% g+ [4 ]5 _, N- O. i) e$ B! |% ]
Physical Intervention
2 T% Y! b. A- o: B 162. Sit-in
! U; K8 X W. C; t4 [! N 163. Stand-in. b5 k6 }4 N. r" Q5 b& O
164. Ride-in
- V% t+ x9 ^& u. y F 165. Wade-in
3 j+ F: O( w9 Y) m2 f6 r3 k 166. Mill-in. c7 \: s0 |2 J3 j- Z# C( ]0 [
167. Pray-in `. X/ b! b) f; u( N: H. \8 |
168. Nonviolent raids( E' R2 h8 |$ f
169. Nonviolent air raids" O0 E! u3 h3 Z- P
170. Nonviolent invasion* g* `% r1 {, Q/ \; S X
171. Nonviolent interjection3 b1 d2 [' d& r7 T7 O# f, l
172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 O0 ]& ]; ]$ m! E9 t 173. Nonviolent occupation! ~) y F0 t+ `. c9 s6 |7 o
5 ?' G. f! x' A, ]) W
Social Intervention$ S t" Y- D+ |3 i# a0 w* F
174. Establishing new social patterns0 f/ x; j: h' v9 w J
175. Overloading of facilities2 k) b6 g8 E, w- g, ]6 L: w. w3 Z
176. Stall-in2 ~8 Z4 J1 |+ X- y5 Q
177. Speak-in
% ~' \0 C. o) @8 o0 d 178. Guerrilla theater) ]) y7 c* r. q+ T) T
179. Alternative social institutions
" G& G; t% m; ` 180. Alternative communication system
* G S: P% a7 c0 i% K9 H
2 U8 i1 H5 O: T9 W7 {/ F# u$ JEconomic Intervention* ?6 O) v+ |5 A" C1 Q
181. Reverse strike4 n* t. x; [$ O
182. Stay-in strike
3 d% g6 e) o9 v& w+ }& T 183. Nonviolent land seizure& t+ T+ p& m1 N. u! S) _) d
184. Defiance of blockades
7 q! H" {$ v; m 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting S: i! \' S" R( ?$ E
186. Preclusive purchasing3 p i8 m& w4 X$ a" r
187. Seizure of assets! P. b8 N- t% ^& l: s
188. Dumping
+ Y% ]" s) O4 Z% B7 a6 V 189. Selective patronage
3 p3 R& W; c& z& F$ C& Q. a 190. Alternative markets/ Z: u/ K# h) P# H7 e- A
191. Alternative transportation systems
/ ?. Z+ }! y( g* N 192. Alternative economic institutions
: |- n9 D5 u' _% @9 B. X
( C3 i# h! q% a9 |Political Intervention, K6 Z9 H9 B# o1 f8 G: R
193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 L4 _$ b% L6 W8 I! t 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- R/ O1 G8 `: f9 M, r' e! B 195. Seeking imprisonment7 k9 Y$ H' {7 r) u1 R3 s2 `0 w
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; M5 x' L* d8 y3 y8 d. g# b
197. Work-on without collaboration o4 X8 h# T2 C! q9 R: R# R7 L( l
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
8 {7 n3 v! @' Q, O8 @
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
