 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: O& E- \2 k5 X" j" \* I
Formal Statements
, \! {1 @4 C: c0 Q' A 1. Public Speeches
/ a: s8 j) {. |+ ~' E! t 2. Letters of opposition or support
! r2 @% A4 A. ~ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; r1 q) h* d# t 4. Signed public statements
9 j S9 w) N7 {, ~4 b3 e: k% v' _ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 e" F3 Z7 u; n- J 6. Group or mass petitions
: p8 k, Y" ~* ~# Z0 s: S6 O: H- K6 x: ^
Communications with a Wider Audience
0 Y0 b4 r$ q, \0 Q+ s* G4 R, { 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) v1 |' k/ m6 u/ L$ h
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! ]3 ]# y# j7 b4 H9 O 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ u7 H' q3 P* d1 z. L3 C s 10. Newspapers and journals' u7 x0 ] N& o/ W. m
11. Records, radio, and television
" l( M: [3 ?. ^6 f* l- u- i1 O# ? 12. Skywriting and earthwriting# f& m4 |, u+ F. P& l2 f
" b }0 S0 j* o: c1 C8 Y! wGroup Representations
* S5 d" Z$ O7 W; s 13. Deputations
! u8 C0 z) E4 u% h+ [3 L, X6 F; i 14. Mock awards
; ?5 i: t4 _8 U4 ^- l( i8 k 15. Group lobbying8 }; |& u1 b7 a! I
16. Picketing% ]: [- S0 j; m4 Y3 m3 g# {- g7 z- Z
17. Mock elections) X4 V# n5 e4 x# L3 J- z
I h: W9 n* ?; o/ `Symbolic Public Acts; @/ I- R' s8 O
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 }8 K5 p Q+ C
19. Wearing of symbols6 A4 L- q& x( C/ H/ T" m
20. Prayer and worship
9 X" P( d" B6 p4 M& G# E0 y: c8 O$ N- e# v 21. Delivering symbolic objects& l3 m% g) m, w3 a# y% ?
22. Protest disrobings+ g. M8 {8 k( C3 Y* L8 ~
23. Destruction of own property! t1 t4 V2 l0 F2 ^, k6 ~, D7 Z X `
24. Symbolic lights
) ^4 r& L" c& l q; c 25. Displays of portraits
* @4 {: f4 H# P3 w 26. Paint as protest0 x9 y4 i$ U- K3 F" H* Q4 B/ Y
27. New signs and names" x- |2 @9 y" [. z3 U: c2 D6 }
28. Symbolic sounds U J4 U- N: [) C0 P) E
29. Symbolic reclamations
) _$ _# T) P% Q0 Z% p 30. Rude gestures1 \0 _6 V0 S& w5 }. U' U
: I6 B8 b8 U2 {3 a% ~$ cPressures on Individuals
, h& e- \1 } H8 e: L l 31. “Haunting” officials
7 y. M7 R& j3 R/ }0 C 32. Taunting officials
; g$ j; ~% ?# @ 33. Fraternization; y5 S3 M1 l8 k) A/ R4 M$ p
34. Vigils
1 o3 I6 Q* J: b
% ]4 ?* k7 v) M6 ZDrama and Music* r! ]- \4 ^2 M( I
35. Humorous skits and pranks
( d: j9 V$ O; L/ L0 I; k- h# w 36. Performances of plays and music1 r8 D2 q% Q( B% |, X6 I
37. Singing& p2 D, D6 u2 i, J
# A5 L& F6 p8 \' H/ k3 o; c, l7 z
Processions
# i+ h5 P6 J; i% w 38. Marches! _0 v/ |& n# Q& Z: x9 Z3 q
39. Parades$ ^8 X# S: E! I$ S
40. Religious processions- b0 A, @" @; ?$ t( }
41. Pilgrimages, M( }7 ?9 E# P1 z; B1 S: R0 g, S$ A
42. Motorcades( ^; a. O. \& T. }. R- K
% X9 f& ~/ v# f( a* \Honoring the Dead
3 M5 }/ t1 Q* Q% A 43. Political mourning: }7 Z* E0 ]5 ~0 |
44. Mock funerals$ f4 N) \! P5 b% l
45. Demonstrative funerals! ^* P. w; u* G- [( Z; Q$ B
46. Homage at burial places
7 F- `* o- w0 V
$ o2 V' _4 g! r1 i. ~# KPublic Assemblies
# u' S4 q* c& `3 M4 K$ |4 b% J 47. Assemblies of protest or support" W# {( b# S" h' {) J& [2 W
48. Protest meetings
2 F! Z" o. u* X) c6 ^ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' p4 |6 p: `8 \6 O) X 50. Teach-ins
3 r u0 a4 {3 q
/ |" N, a5 a8 {/ `" M; cWithdrawal and Renunciation
2 B6 G6 V- i' H6 S) h7 H 51. Walk-outs# `4 p, i: G* A/ f. m5 ]$ K/ k
52. Silence
7 D4 K ~) d% G 53. Renouncing honors0 r! X H+ v' q5 P6 q
54. Turning one’s back
: M6 z8 @/ C% C4 k* K
8 k. }* B$ F* ~/ E0 B; b( |
8 _( \) F% o, f* l9 X8 k" C: a; s4 `/ _" Z8 U
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 H- X3 D+ U& x4 z
! e: O9 R7 m, D0 j6 N
0 m7 |$ f# }- d4 H y$ {2 ~8 L+ N, y2 L% \, b7 T4 X5 W" d
Ostracism of Persons [5 A7 p. D4 L# E: U7 p
55. Social boycott
- y2 s0 J; x& i9 u9 W 56. Selective social boycott* z! O& o* F" T" [
57. Lysistratic nonaction9 D- `! O% c6 _1 V4 a: o
58. Excommunication; g7 k0 L/ G' ?( A, {$ S6 s9 l0 E) t
59. Interdict
/ ~3 M( l$ q9 j* A9 v/ P5 p) o6 z9 _3 y0 L! O; S# E
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" ~- ?0 t+ J9 {
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 p4 C' Z' T4 _6 L0 d 61. Boycott of social affairs
1 `# p* S; n: ?; R5 g- `+ _% k' k 62. Student strike
# I2 O5 Q' l: w* Q! J! o: i* e; K 63. Social disobedience/ q# P! G; d0 J! g
64. Withdrawal from social institutions; P# k; f% W+ c* U# H+ V
/ w; @; D4 E& `0 M! @# a. AWithdrawal from the Social System
# {0 N% m e. l$ [ 65. Stay-at-home
# t" I. X) j( g# X O- \: W 66. Total personal noncooperation: w {! G/ T* j$ X$ L3 D7 u8 E3 w/ t
67. “Flight” of workers @/ b7 A! @1 H
68. Sanctuary
. X J) N4 Q# B F3 E4 M/ B 69. Collective disappearance
* R2 t( O( n& F& W3 Q$ u& j 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 ~6 q% L' [1 @4 T6 D4 w0 Z$ K/ E$ T! e; x0 ]( H- {0 s4 v! a
* q, w) Y2 I' n& M- w
. M$ o2 l9 `2 N7 _( HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# \; G1 l9 Q. E( Z# N
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Actions by Consumers" `/ ]( F" I' @( n7 V
71. Consumers’ boycott4 @; |8 g+ R- e; ?; B8 s+ m( [5 ?
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 I: X: `" K9 k6 R) C9 K7 l. t
73. Policy of austerity
* \! F" C% z+ m6 E 74. Rent withholding0 | k) U; U4 r: k
75. Refusal to rent, W; w% U, y" Z: z* Q2 x
76. National consumers’ boycott/ s- [- P) }8 a2 c T
77. International consumers’ boycott
2 t, j( a0 _2 R" X* K5 Y( v* ~* D6 W+ I. x5 M& Q% v
Action by Workers and Producers
5 L, W3 q6 ?, B$ `$ i; O5 ]2 N 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ P2 ]+ v5 j c% _9 N+ W 79. Producers’ boycott
. S9 {! x+ E, }' O8 o! r0 c! U$ D) K: S
Action by Middlemen* o: f% S4 S! ]% _
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 W) t5 g# Y* P$ S
& h) J1 A) D6 _ _; W/ y4 DAction by Owners and Management
6 \+ S( o1 ^5 n' D 81. Traders’ boycott, Q( b, g5 M R) O$ J, Q: y0 y6 V
82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 n( e$ F Q: u8 }0 m 83. Lockout# O% M( }( ]6 I9 I( X$ i
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! N6 b# c8 C1 v8 q9 C( H3 P 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( W$ e: R+ b5 B# V8 D; Z
( t- F& b4 o( E! mAction by Holders of Financial Resources
: Y5 ^" f/ c5 y3 Y) W' p 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 h$ N( p3 B, M& T7 g0 L 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% S$ k$ O- P: s2 X8 ?8 s9 X
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ F- s7 {! P, L( G/ e3 @
89. Severance of funds and credit
6 `# Q. A9 i8 Q/ z G$ }: X 90. Revenue refusal* O, |9 l. Q0 K( \
91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 [8 ?# u$ y& _5 Z
" s% x/ Y* f( Q1 [2 F1 _' k0 z6 oAction by Governments7 n# d: E6 g2 i3 ?! l& z; D
92. Domestic embargo# }+ @* Y5 Q9 r3 m
93. Blacklisting of traders' I9 [2 D5 \4 m5 i+ _; o# R5 x% r
94. International sellers’ embargo8 E. ]5 z. v0 B0 {2 F' ]9 W$ v
95. International buyers’ embargo( }% [5 V4 r, ?2 I F2 {% Z M6 N- G
96. International trade embargo N( n7 j9 v) D1 q% r
, c# P( D5 S( ^* G1 U/ F: C
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE H# }+ ^. \7 @) s& O
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( h) M# |: Q& H! h$ i" o% d) A5 pSymbolic Strikes+ b) H' g1 p( y4 p. v/ A& o
97. Protest strike; |/ z7 S# L, Y6 E8 {4 Y/ n
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 g' H+ c/ z1 R8 c2 }6 a7 q
9 h' [" O. Z' X" `( z; o) S. ]
Agricultural Strikes' P. o0 F6 T: c! W# O
99. Peasant strike
& ~* e( X6 C3 u( x# l% x 100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 W7 l4 Q& K8 e5 x9 l# L" M: O: S6 I$ | B& O' w$ n, f/ E
Strikes by Special Groups
( W0 ?) ]. |/ w9 k: y) k 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 E. N) W ~3 v4 J 102. Prisoners’ strike
% T& A7 v* ^% ]% K. [& x 103. Craft strike7 X, O. b$ H6 _+ H |
104. Professional strike
, |; }. F) t% A2 V# ~ i
; `. X/ [; c Q {Ordinary Industrial Strikes. c: w* J- N- ?. ]
105. Establishment strike
3 @9 W, O0 S8 Z/ m) f+ s' {- | 106. Industry strike
) x# f) B6 {$ B: r, F! e+ [8 |: j$ h 107. Sympathetic strike0 _ @: r j a' c# | T) \; t9 @, Q+ X
4 l! h* l$ Y6 m' v% q6 G, ^! a) z
Restricted Strikes
" S3 T [8 b, a) f 108. Detailed strike7 i# S$ x/ e4 r
109. Bumper strike
7 w9 B( z& e4 `; K& l 110. Slowdown strike4 i& @- o$ r" U a" n
111. Working-to-rule strike( b2 G$ z R/ n: h! H
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% @* p7 a+ \' U5 @3 S7 u" \
113. Strike by resignation( K+ n: z( [+ G3 n( p; b
114. Limited strike% P A# ]$ `6 P8 r, K! A9 {
115. Selective strike: n5 w. m& [2 K6 ?, ]# s
! I! b9 G2 T0 B6 m3 @4 g
Multi-Industry Strikes
0 R% r5 C& ~ w h. q$ H: ]! X& S8 `" S7 i1 q6 B, ] B1 }, K
116. Generalized strike1 u$ |( |9 S7 o
, T7 C9 \+ N$ y# a, j 117. General strike
: E8 y; W- \8 }/ D. Y4 `/ L2 `: v+ [0 A* y. M
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ P$ h) X+ Y' T0 c* T. F4 ] w% [0 @7 k- \+ ]& t
118. Hartal$ U% P' M2 x! d( \
4 @- N Z1 G% m- ~1 [/ @ 119. Economic shutdown9 n' y# a9 ^5 B/ X9 h
8 V ] W: Z6 y$ k" m
9 h, _" V) W, l& \
( F# I; i2 T- OTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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( F: ~: l6 H! o4 CRejection of Authority
4 o4 ~& Q- T2 D1 C0 ^9 y2 H 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 i! t4 B- Z+ _$ J Y# x 121. Refusal of public support. G" n ?' f4 s) w3 T& Z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" W! z# [0 T/ b' I4 @) x- S) K1 T
2 `2 q+ K$ z7 c% y& i7 i+ [
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government( \6 _5 h2 @- m0 y+ [0 R8 ~
123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 T/ v/ V- J4 W- n& h* E2 \
124. Boycott of elections0 u' J/ U4 o) c- l% }( `
125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 t+ ]. t. |* B& }6 P
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
7 f5 b# K( D' Z- B 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% P! Y0 F( m$ L) z& W a2 J 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" m" d/ x" S4 P 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 t6 V y5 B8 v; z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks1 V4 K: c. q$ \# g9 t
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 n- `6 M: G2 T: w; } 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' }7 K6 M1 P$ r- y
' }& b+ u6 f9 J+ B" V9 d$ Z
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" r( z( _. `9 k" k* q 133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 u0 F; j! J; r* O' D
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" i- e( Z5 b+ w 135. Popular nonobedience
5 W" @8 E2 u0 ?3 R 136. Disguised disobedience" b# n j: |% Y- t, r+ w
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* }! K, K2 M1 S+ s* t 138. Sitdown
: x' c* r, G; e y 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 P, W' F3 i+ z- E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) Z% w# x& G: o3 T2 [. k! Y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 R+ {3 |' [9 ]0 k# _/ V
0 d4 ^7 p% U D j
Action by Government Personnel
- B" H8 ~- p2 q% J6 X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% W D. y. D, V* B2 |6 J 143. Blocking of lines of command and information) M' O/ [' @0 J& w9 v% {/ g* Z* E
144. Stalling and obstruction$ u* i! G" |) U" F5 B1 L
145. General administrative noncooperation
$ J2 i: b& i4 Z0 [$ S; c+ |( e
, g5 V A, J9 `+ f! q 146. Judicial noncooperation
5 Z9 i# f' F8 ?* L 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( A- y6 R' F- x) @" M 148. Mutiny4 }3 F& L1 O: a4 q g) H
Domestic Governmental Action x8 m& h0 t: h3 o
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 @0 o5 Q V, q 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ S) G4 S) N, E9 }0 s) L# i5 _9 y+ ?- Q- t3 }& A k9 ~$ t
International Governmental Action6 X0 G& M0 h; W0 o) ~# H$ S
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' p! `* @& U- O6 n2 i 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% Z* f P( F" F$ ? 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
" t% y- j" F0 J- r/ ?) f1 @& A 154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 O S; r% R# i' S
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& ~( {7 P! H* o; j/ P 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ b3 X8 Z9 N" K% W4 T: U* G0 O
157. Expulsion from international organizations
* ~5 K& z$ l8 h8 U( @0 }+ g6 @& R4 o9 A2 C# u: J
9 K& ~+ u' y! g9 {* k( l
: d3 Y* h3 |0 i4 v* c6 ZTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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- ]0 o. o2 j4 [7 SPsychological Intervention
9 h* c0 }/ Y4 ~: z( i4 k: y% i) Q 158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 g5 q8 t/ M, Z) F) |' ^; { 159. The fast8 Q/ z' a3 i; I. \% I
a) Fast of moral pressure: B! O) s7 N; c# P1 v
b) Hunger strike
; V/ j5 E D8 B( W: o4 L9 n0 ~6 `0 Z c) Satyagrahic fast
. z V/ h. h4 g$ l% w( D: U$ @ 160. Reverse trial
2 B& e6 ^3 ]$ ~) L! w+ ~5 ? 161. Nonviolent harassment
" P+ t- u( h: m, L% \! D9 q* Z$ X6 J, z) x, w
Physical Intervention/ E* b: T3 ?2 E0 g& _6 g! w8 _
162. Sit-in
4 U, ~* [- k; p 163. Stand-in! `" n1 ]6 Y) T% V3 e7 F1 P
164. Ride-in
* d3 _6 b6 D7 t C% |0 V# T9 H 165. Wade-in
n- k6 {5 ]5 K! P K 166. Mill-in1 _) t$ C2 S: E$ K L7 \) }
167. Pray-in
, p1 B' E. Y2 J0 t- V2 E4 k% P$ I 168. Nonviolent raids
5 }2 @, N c% t% O; h! e8 L 169. Nonviolent air raids1 J3 D5 F5 T) x" v5 W( V0 D- Z
170. Nonviolent invasion9 ]1 n9 a- J- ~, N# A* l1 u: C; u
171. Nonviolent interjection. d# c. A2 q/ \+ _# {( l
172. Nonviolent obstruction
6 ^( I6 L- @* N1 v/ y( N8 ` 173. Nonviolent occupation
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; _! `0 W# L7 ^4 W& ?Social Intervention
4 L* j# ?# h0 T 174. Establishing new social patterns
: W7 c% d& _) ?6 o 175. Overloading of facilities$ g( `8 _% W$ G4 `" }! G
176. Stall-in
/ M, w; f" b# S: b8 F ?5 @ 177. Speak-in
8 _; D3 s* @, b7 q! y3 u 178. Guerrilla theater
" F7 u7 i ?: U. ^' e$ b B 179. Alternative social institutions
- [, E; L1 \" g5 |7 q. G* W 180. Alternative communication system
% O2 A# Z. Z2 I; u, T: ?% c
* A [; H2 |9 w' n8 f- |9 ?Economic Intervention, G) V& }; \0 v
181. Reverse strike
2 X7 d/ n7 {* ^# c9 l 182. Stay-in strike
# J- }6 t, d/ q$ A1 \2 p 183. Nonviolent land seizure: r) u& e4 U" [
184. Defiance of blockades
; @- x- q/ }' A+ o- i7 } 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# h8 v& S5 B' Y4 |. Z+ D8 k
186. Preclusive purchasing
) w. ?2 `! \ S' S. a% J 187. Seizure of assets5 r* ^6 u9 \2 h0 j( a, Z" x% M/ r4 S
188. Dumping8 Z( o/ ?, ]; V$ A/ c& O, r
189. Selective patronage6 S0 y$ _, z6 D, l. M
190. Alternative markets& c( f/ |/ G$ ] J# t# X/ ^
191. Alternative transportation systems: V! E* W7 k1 ?6 a( p. G
192. Alternative economic institutions
" U2 P3 K* B1 b) T' T( ` k0 C) n' {3 A$ r+ h" {/ Y
Political Intervention4 T7 K& v# ~" U$ K# d
193. Overloading of administrative systems" f& D( [% h# [
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- S3 |* v% A) s% d w7 @, @/ E+ o0 Y
195. Seeking imprisonment, i( r. K/ ]* ^$ v+ H6 G
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws S" e. g! ]& b' r3 \0 r2 h; P
197. Work-on without collaboration% S8 U; D& h7 x( @4 }
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
