 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION* l2 H! u, k& |* h
Formal Statements+ c% f# b, |& b% n: k3 I2 G
1. Public Speeches
3 e& C' U' ^' n2 W 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ d, |8 s) P& t/ \, L; x, \ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
r" p4 c1 u2 _# D 4. Signed public statements
& a5 c l: U0 I 5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 }1 J4 b0 X8 e$ c
6. Group or mass petitions
& N! J4 }' v+ U, K0 E1 |/ [, u- x7 {: A% V0 o4 `9 S" q5 ]9 I! m
Communications with a Wider Audience
) M! P& @: w y# t 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 J- Y A! m( [. F0 T- M 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% y2 B, z7 o: k1 n 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" z, a% `% W8 U. A' E( z 10. Newspapers and journals
- b4 s# f8 t6 Z+ M$ p8 I 11. Records, radio, and television
2 _5 J! g- Y% }" T5 i& r 12. Skywriting and earthwriting) ~, A! }; J4 n+ B& w
3 U/ |% R& Y M8 ~" hGroup Representations( k7 n, n) _( b+ M! t+ @
13. Deputations, P& s1 q( y6 k
14. Mock awards/ y! ^3 a! F$ j- b4 S
15. Group lobbying+ d7 O( B( \: g: q' v( C* M) `
16. Picketing
: x2 b) U7 h1 e7 t8 r3 y: j+ G& Q 17. Mock elections/ J: }. K9 s4 q8 ^% S. o
! o$ l6 K& o7 h/ M! XSymbolic Public Acts
) {1 ^$ ~2 z4 o, B, w, [4 v 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ e2 x+ a% u- @5 K$ i& U' ~
19. Wearing of symbols
. X& ]# o9 R0 O 20. Prayer and worship3 R: E8 g6 |& O$ U
21. Delivering symbolic objects
& r8 r2 ]8 k! O) a 22. Protest disrobings+ O5 G& _; |- C( Q( b+ Y
23. Destruction of own property2 l7 @! h+ T- L% |$ l) `
24. Symbolic lights
! X$ K4 h' ]" x6 K 25. Displays of portraits( W8 a' B0 s5 a, v3 ^* d
26. Paint as protest3 s! {: P) s0 L$ k9 g2 G6 K3 Z
27. New signs and names8 x# z$ L5 w9 e1 w
28. Symbolic sounds0 p2 R- n4 F# M8 N
29. Symbolic reclamations0 G5 D1 T: o& ]( Q- b
30. Rude gestures
1 t8 k5 M5 f, ^8 Y3 x6 V
- I0 U( r R. _# qPressures on Individuals) l8 I4 E8 A. m3 H- S2 C
31. “Haunting” officials
+ ~& Z6 P8 m3 k% k( K 32. Taunting officials0 E4 X# q& [ |# C
33. Fraternization
; x% C! ]0 b# V 34. Vigils
8 v7 [6 `+ w' L, N8 d$ f' x N5 r3 x: v7 G; _5 Z
Drama and Music1 z ]6 m: J. `
35. Humorous skits and pranks0 t9 {: t' N7 k4 b7 ~6 N3 v/ p
36. Performances of plays and music
7 }* I% O" O# `" e [! l2 Y 37. Singing
$ R* m7 s$ f/ }: P5 i& `3 M" z$ \* }, U
Processions4 I* D x+ R/ o) F2 @
38. Marches& J5 T- L0 Z) Z7 y: {, K
39. Parades6 _6 M! {- X& R% [: u
40. Religious processions
, ^2 j; a: f, x, p" A 41. Pilgrimages
5 x! ^6 u v0 d: D: O o$ I" a 42. Motorcades& N1 K0 e ]2 D) a* j) {! ~9 K
& S0 q2 A9 x6 B3 F2 RHonoring the Dead' w! A5 h' N( E2 ^& @0 ?& W+ a" @
43. Political mourning
& f& |/ ~2 Z: L2 N 44. Mock funerals
2 L1 Z t- @ Q6 M Z( H2 A. W, d) r 45. Demonstrative funerals; n7 J' F x' ]/ g0 K% f% ?4 {# d9 J
46. Homage at burial places& v( K f: D% ^8 s8 c
( p1 ?' }3 M0 Y, u+ @. K( XPublic Assemblies
U0 P) @1 r7 p, W- ]& w2 R 47. Assemblies of protest or support
' ^& X! D0 \; n; _ 48. Protest meetings7 r7 X) \6 l$ D
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest% y P; A# z+ r3 A# D
50. Teach-ins
' j v- U. x& m9 k
3 s3 ]* b% T0 z( F2 FWithdrawal and Renunciation
5 d e% u- `; P 51. Walk-outs; A3 U/ K6 a. {/ z7 Z
52. Silence& e9 g" B) D* z" V$ G/ z
53. Renouncing honors9 X% F& x! a% g# K9 F0 S& T/ U
54. Turning one’s back% \3 U+ V" ^: _6 x3 p0 J7 z
3 E+ u# b+ G" j# o( H
3 W4 z' _; ^, z# }
6 {7 t. n Z+ w1 H7 X) I; y+ OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ R' {9 J1 I; `( ?) ~
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) E; f# G4 [ H& xOstracism of Persons
/ d' c7 E1 U4 R5 ~ 55. Social boycott ^8 Y1 q0 Y% j) s- }& f
56. Selective social boycott
. Z+ S. l# p a, }5 i 57. Lysistratic nonaction+ A f$ n4 Y8 z5 V
58. Excommunication# E6 R& D% h$ n' f# Z
59. Interdict
/ d" r: D: N+ y( B7 _" C* R% q* {# n- a! Y- {2 I4 h
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; v+ Q8 {4 d( d! o& A- | 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
* t- P f$ \$ `* C) J. k. \: E& e 61. Boycott of social affairs
; b9 ~$ E1 {# g; Z3 q$ d 62. Student strike. S* L8 i9 ^; u) F' W
63. Social disobedience
4 ~- o4 N0 [, g 64. Withdrawal from social institutions" @) A; m2 t; H) h% s/ O
$ I O, ^/ d7 ]5 uWithdrawal from the Social System7 O2 K0 G# I% {
65. Stay-at-home
5 R! p& }0 X' ?3 i+ H* x 66. Total personal noncooperation5 J1 y f+ Y! T; _( F$ |" r! c
67. “Flight” of workers* H) |! p6 Y- ]2 y
68. Sanctuary
6 W' f) ]5 n. L- ^ t 69. Collective disappearance9 N: L* g! v" w) a
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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3 b# E9 ^( Y) H# oTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
' ?5 c! V+ D1 [1 g f# w! i$ b5 z0 z5 G8 |" p" G
8 E8 J9 s% J/ w7 W
Actions by Consumers
! z4 E' V7 A' ^7 K7 T! u+ z 71. Consumers’ boycott& _& Z1 T* q! b5 W7 S( E
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ ?6 ]9 E' C4 P0 m" V5 \7 n$ Y
73. Policy of austerity
, }! L# D+ b, G4 o 74. Rent withholding8 |* {# l5 s1 i. @
75. Refusal to rent$ e' b, P+ R, M& Q* [: J+ m% c
76. National consumers’ boycott/ o. u7 _/ }& M& ^( M7 {
77. International consumers’ boycott
4 t, W0 H0 R5 m+ \9 l
D9 f0 j( Z+ x( W- O( {3 iAction by Workers and Producers
9 a- b- U% _. y9 g+ ?! ]3 n- @ 78. Workmen’s boycott
( D) V+ M, y% h' {: N- V 79. Producers’ boycott
2 U8 x' I/ Y- W3 a* x& K3 ?; h& T5 {$ r* v J
Action by Middlemen
& F! _2 Z. W$ p8 R0 e! B/ W* b 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- {4 {. I4 A5 u9 p( R
; p1 K a1 ~! V* J( \Action by Owners and Management
/ l8 c9 ^7 p$ Z1 [1 K 81. Traders’ boycott1 }1 u% _8 J% e+ R+ d
82. Refusal to let or sell property
3 l1 u; v1 e( m6 b7 S 83. Lockout
, L/ h4 @) `4 r1 d, a' X 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ z3 R' w( _( U- ] 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ N, N Z! O, d8 J, I6 _" i( }& b8 I9 V1 @" r% Z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources- J8 `9 }+ b- r
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, Z; k$ p7 H# `4 O1 M
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
* u/ H/ b( }! V! E" `( Y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, b. { t: c: d ?1 ]7 q8 k7 l 89. Severance of funds and credit
2 Q) ]" `4 z% w2 O! B4 K1 ?1 ], p 90. Revenue refusal
1 @/ |4 ~. w4 ~6 Y; f 91. Refusal of a government’s money
' @4 `/ J+ h4 [5 _ r9 `
1 l/ [6 ~* ^4 r; v( iAction by Governments
! V5 \9 F- l, Z 92. Domestic embargo" a8 {* \4 ]$ n5 W% s
93. Blacklisting of traders4 q$ T7 a" ]1 {" M' ~
94. International sellers’ embargo
$ m) W" c9 x& k/ A( r# V- h! l 95. International buyers’ embargo
/ H1 `" A* h7 _ 96. International trade embargo/ b- ^$ s! Q. m1 l+ |+ M
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5 K$ ?, G5 N: N; `$ b) K
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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' O1 a& }! U. e- C H: e8 OSymbolic Strikes, l6 Q" A: p0 X
97. Protest strike# i |1 U" F8 f% G
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
8 O7 v/ Y1 Y Q( A% ~6 O2 j. s( b! i+ D! X' `, P! k' ]
Agricultural Strikes2 T. J) ^. a, e+ e! U w
99. Peasant strike
5 }0 `+ d5 Q* ~ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
* A% B! \9 D+ _ K' h5 B" ?
4 d' O" f0 Z5 N0 d7 M& UStrikes by Special Groups5 s; y9 ^' X0 k( r0 n6 s7 X
101. Refusal of impressed labor+ ~1 L5 z( Z0 v; g# |& p: E- f
102. Prisoners’ strike
( Y- a# w/ Z R4 Y5 Q 103. Craft strike
* O- _+ H1 ~9 h% Q; m8 F2 i. { 104. Professional strike
# F' ~0 g; V5 Y8 y# U0 e+ o0 w
$ g( L+ j/ K/ ^: t( ROrdinary Industrial Strikes0 W# |7 ` I8 O9 l- {$ P/ q2 z
105. Establishment strike1 r+ J3 L1 D# f# X- @
106. Industry strike9 K2 V6 G5 v- [6 E( q \
107. Sympathetic strike
p4 H+ a4 M' m
" {4 }2 w9 w% d" ? I" rRestricted Strikes# q8 o. X5 G3 I9 B; G: l
108. Detailed strike& W6 j9 d8 l1 N
109. Bumper strike
3 `9 n. ]4 L! o6 p# ] 110. Slowdown strike# h& m+ f% v/ g/ t1 @
111. Working-to-rule strike- r& b7 L+ j* H
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& `/ X) p4 {3 f9 T% A- B$ k 113. Strike by resignation* R( t B6 [- d F
114. Limited strike4 J- `( D. r) F) P
115. Selective strike
. `2 J7 O0 W2 C4 g8 t& p
2 G$ ?# w$ l0 h1 `5 B- e1 GMulti-Industry Strikes& Y3 f' `2 k6 j0 m# n5 p
! O$ g' n# f7 N7 R7 Z6 c
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike5 ?* ]+ @0 b. p e/ k
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 J) H* {4 k; J
9 {5 ]1 {3 p6 E# S 118. Hartal, _6 ~5 z, r2 ?8 r n
2 N; G: q3 A% Q" A- B' W- J
119. Economic shutdown
* G5 R1 T/ l& l f5 G1 r/ N# q
o) H n: }4 ~( y& {: q r' Q5 d. ?% J6 n6 c, Q0 n% ?
5 X! s A. R" X9 @
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, H1 _/ d3 e& e5 |
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% p8 Y1 P, Z+ X+ \* gRejection of Authority; E0 |4 {" e7 Z, t7 g
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, G' Z" v' j! ^: ]
121. Refusal of public support' E1 Y* x$ P: M( ~; Z! m
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% M( W; \, s4 V) q$ B2 Y* ^9 U$ o
8 W1 [3 e+ {& y5 G4 H# X6 H6 ICitizens’ Noncooperation with Government* ?, b3 m; p0 ~) y8 ?
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 O7 L8 [8 g5 i; M) x 124. Boycott of elections
8 z9 t* C. p) z" a4 W: n% i3 x 125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 v* H" z6 R) w$ q0 L" u* K9 L
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 E4 _% U0 z( h- H+ }. s' P
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- }/ D* N7 c* |$ Z1 b1 E
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ i: V; S3 F: P* b" s) T: E% @$ F
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 Z* p3 V, r% {+ |1 M. _ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 v5 G' i: B4 J. M/ b3 f6 ^ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 f$ g' ^ l& m) b0 b/ P. J0 F 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
$ I+ ?1 k Y2 Y; M* |2 ?% k4 \, S) A6 r$ b6 G; T( M
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& Q7 j N+ m; d0 x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
3 A) m; T" t: X4 ] 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, S/ o) a f% m. O5 n, G) a6 ^
135. Popular nonobedience! f+ e$ F1 P* ~% ~: m
136. Disguised disobedience# C# o7 a. Q# X: e8 R
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' A8 D; X; c7 i( C
138. Sitdown
1 U9 }5 E0 K! l* O9 M( _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* p7 H/ s( I6 [, W5 v
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
X2 i8 V _: e* G6 b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. M8 f0 w7 R/ g h% u6 W2 T0 r
; ^& {' j( a9 tAction by Government Personnel
/ Y' g: D4 ?; W 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
) p+ A0 y, Z/ z4 F7 j. q 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' S+ p7 k; `( |1 Q 144. Stalling and obstruction! B' @ M4 G: k; I4 e
145. General administrative noncooperation
8 ]4 `" m$ x. K) |3 C
5 d7 c* s9 W# ]5 Y& R% b% o9 _ 146. Judicial noncooperation& v3 Z: D) q6 q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 G( x) K0 S4 t3 E! w 148. Mutiny
. Q2 F! z; h6 v6 LDomestic Governmental Action3 a7 I/ k2 y$ u9 w! e
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 a u: m c8 w
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units, u7 s# e& P% E9 a E) t
q) o, Z# l; I! wInternational Governmental Action
& |2 k$ D2 h. |, p/ t1 A) J r 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations0 H( h6 w) B0 n% Y( L: I2 H# k
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 O6 n2 z, a0 J' v* w6 L& ]3 s$ y* v
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, O1 Y0 M6 z' V- u3 G0 n 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ m9 p7 G/ H: k5 S' r' X 155. Withdrawal from international organizations' V- D6 Z+ w1 Z7 H$ `/ j9 k5 `- n/ o
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
2 o' o0 G1 t+ p0 E 157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 S7 W) q1 p! \/ d
+ w/ X! l. p% f, \0 D: I4 ?1 | }2 U1 C' F$ i: G2 G% D+ d
- c# X$ k. ~* r+ [# l2 NTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION3 T5 K& f6 @' G% ?5 K) x. v6 M4 F: V
8 C9 T7 L j5 b+ F3 v& X) y* d
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Psychological Intervention
$ h) b& T% d* i2 U+ P" s9 H 158. Self-exposure to the elements4 {( i/ A9 l: l8 k7 q
159. The fast' }' d& |- ^, Y2 \
a) Fast of moral pressure
! c+ z; [; ]) k5 } }1 l4 L1 J) W b) Hunger strike
% `9 ^3 ?) T( ~" n3 ^: M! |3 X c) Satyagrahic fast
2 s+ a ^# U j: S 160. Reverse trial
( h4 b$ V9 I/ S- p 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention
6 `3 t3 n' Y O! h" {8 Y) W 162. Sit-in; o& J: j4 s! Y' E1 l3 Q# S
163. Stand-in
8 X1 P, x, Z% ` 164. Ride-in1 D* @3 i X4 c* ]: p+ l' G! o
165. Wade-in) _* C" b. e5 f4 H) X# L
166. Mill-in# r/ S" @. T) E/ m, C& K1 u& a; c
167. Pray-in
" S- W* h( G7 ^6 h0 w 168. Nonviolent raids
7 z9 K( J1 `* N! j' F3 W. @ 169. Nonviolent air raids
, c, R3 E9 a H! f 170. Nonviolent invasion
* P$ _( m0 y4 B$ o1 |# e 171. Nonviolent interjection
( w6 }- e7 M& P3 z 172. Nonviolent obstruction) U4 x9 `; O, M0 o2 S- }% X
173. Nonviolent occupation
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. Q$ b7 L8 ^# dSocial Intervention
7 k) m5 t% B5 j8 K7 s- d6 X& c0 l" ]9 ~ 174. Establishing new social patterns9 y+ B) A7 E+ |3 X6 Q
175. Overloading of facilities5 V4 V) A+ ^5 X. Z8 \/ a
176. Stall-in* l0 A' b/ | B/ A( t" M- B
177. Speak-in$ O2 m0 f% U( J! V
178. Guerrilla theater
( q/ L7 u! U3 p5 b" X- N 179. Alternative social institutions
, S! \$ h% i) l; d1 B5 N R 180. Alternative communication system
. X _1 J: }" m9 ?
7 Z4 b& j6 @5 i' @6 d0 n/ r) UEconomic Intervention
6 C" @% \: H1 p6 U D 181. Reverse strike4 N- E- N7 e. c* c& r
182. Stay-in strike
$ V/ A' z: U# k, ]' F1 _ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
4 K1 T M& ^9 L$ i 184. Defiance of blockades' c5 D0 p" j- t" ~ ]
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' P3 P9 w" K! j! @6 Z 186. Preclusive purchasing3 J7 P/ t4 N+ a4 Y) o6 a
187. Seizure of assets& M' r2 f$ p7 _7 z) @
188. Dumping, M, R; X o9 b3 ^6 e. ^6 Z& p- L& O
189. Selective patronage
3 W8 K2 }. w4 J7 O' ` 190. Alternative markets
8 o) T+ e+ `! w2 o 191. Alternative transportation systems X) I* r& _7 ]; H
192. Alternative economic institutions
) s/ M- L* u. \$ U6 V# Z$ W" g1 ?6 u% L) l8 h# [5 L$ O: g2 S0 O; ~
Political Intervention
, A' d* V1 G- ~0 U$ D 193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 b7 c4 Q+ o. J; `$ k 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 d, D4 z4 @6 T9 t+ B8 ^ 195. Seeking imprisonment. k) {0 Y* k/ B" A0 v, {' l' u
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 h5 A" d! o* E) m0 l 197. Work-on without collaboration& T0 ^% V q& f5 z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
