 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! k: F4 `" d. _$ ~
Formal Statements$ O/ U, t7 B; Q7 K) v
1. Public Speeches
, |' n7 O& F) e( S 2. Letters of opposition or support
! Y2 N) C0 j( g! ?7 F j" U1 { 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! n+ H1 C4 i4 v1 B5 S, ]; G# V+ O 4. Signed public statements% d- W. D- P m1 R9 n4 p
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: F! q) A: B% u3 T6 b% [ N 6. Group or mass petitions
8 O. j$ S, F2 s8 ?4 U
$ t) t0 n' m5 W$ U) I N2 }Communications with a Wider Audience
" _" W$ N6 ?% W" l0 x: k. h$ S& s 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols8 D& b" X1 w* Y6 E) ~. G3 @8 ]
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% H7 h+ V8 f& P" ^, S
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* |6 p, f! B. W2 } ?3 m) t 10. Newspapers and journals
" T( C# O4 c) e6 C& ^ 11. Records, radio, and television# E) Z% D( z {% V
12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 a4 d) U! k4 Q/ v% Q
! \0 x, O$ ^! H" ]5 s% ]4 L2 m2 kGroup Representations# d2 \* g( ]+ A; _) I) u( y0 K! Y
13. Deputations1 p: Y- G% y' u- A2 }
14. Mock awards
) ]2 Q+ W5 i" o" z: a: m 15. Group lobbying" ^+ Z2 j/ h, H
16. Picketing
}: e+ F9 X' g) @! T/ ~ Z 17. Mock elections& e2 s. E* w: M; C7 D' l* k
3 N* ?) i6 I6 }1 F+ O' USymbolic Public Acts3 O1 E. I/ R+ }1 P- n" L- X& D5 m
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( |- w# k% b# B6 r! c 19. Wearing of symbols( a$ z$ H5 A3 P3 X6 s
20. Prayer and worship* ~, E+ b' v$ T/ e
21. Delivering symbolic objects
& O$ f: x0 v5 |9 N- Q7 b! u( j 22. Protest disrobings/ ^1 y8 z$ y# @3 o: S' M
23. Destruction of own property& M0 |. V% P8 K$ N# x; s2 b9 ?
24. Symbolic lights5 E: p& x4 p7 Y t p# t" w% ]
25. Displays of portraits
4 w. k2 m2 |% ^4 o! K3 t 26. Paint as protest$ S( a# ~3 B9 ]4 q/ r
27. New signs and names
8 Y& ]) s- d7 A4 D1 k 28. Symbolic sounds" D2 b/ z, z5 r7 q# p* d8 L
29. Symbolic reclamations
0 m, [- ]: Q6 e# l+ ~ \0 n1 [' A 30. Rude gestures+ `" V$ Z7 u# W" F+ ^
! J- c" e; e- w9 h* @3 K5 M! TPressures on Individuals, L- r& a9 P; \1 q! N6 y
31. “Haunting” officials1 `/ A3 W6 D' |9 y! F' n; i
32. Taunting officials
( |, A1 z8 b7 V& S! } 33. Fraternization
) U" \, x7 ~5 P5 k4 t 34. Vigils. @# v. C1 M+ H! y
: C+ S7 u/ o- j) K$ H( ~2 ^
Drama and Music1 A& n% d6 H- ~4 L' E/ E
35. Humorous skits and pranks& h: n0 b# ~3 P0 [
36. Performances of plays and music. j, y4 |. z% L; I; B
37. Singing7 X8 q) ]) g s, W
/ L+ C% ~/ r! S: M. W% V
Processions! Q- h8 v+ R0 p; }, K
38. Marches5 g0 p9 h% f) D& ^. N
39. Parades
. V( T/ J. n+ x* t5 k! {. G7 K 40. Religious processions$ v! h7 J% E) O' W' W7 Y
41. Pilgrimages
: t! |; u8 i" s5 j 42. Motorcades! I r, g# s+ q# }. S- L
; e$ s" y' e' X& z
Honoring the Dead
4 N* c# U9 h" a P" b 43. Political mourning
9 K/ B' T3 v0 y7 X6 L% T 44. Mock funerals
8 a6 q* s+ P6 w; q) i' Z1 Y4 p 45. Demonstrative funerals) q6 C3 [8 e0 |2 H' ?
46. Homage at burial places
: n% ~0 I" K! @! a+ N, u! \$ Z
1 R# E3 W3 F( Q: JPublic Assemblies$ M! n* \& y( ?; R* v" J
47. Assemblies of protest or support: N7 y& K5 ^" X5 V
48. Protest meetings6 N+ P% v; }4 @# |
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ b* }- u$ _+ g) V' J- a 50. Teach-ins
* |' L M7 a0 ^( U3 G& U
0 K. |8 ^# S8 ^" T bWithdrawal and Renunciation w8 l9 F' t6 Q; A" `0 C3 [+ h
51. Walk-outs, h8 X; R/ b5 n" C# l/ N7 H$ ~
52. Silence
+ {) l, f" ~3 z! q5 E0 Q! z7 I% J: f 53. Renouncing honors4 K; v+ A* l$ d$ \
54. Turning one’s back
5 M6 Z7 g( B0 E7 T* X: W1 Q Z$ z. A+ k7 G- }
6 W7 n; o; ?2 J! n
2 F1 N2 F0 m# }5 j; BTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION O) o% Q& R) N; y
+ }4 s6 @- D2 z + M! f+ w3 y8 x; K
1 T, j1 r% t3 J P' Y4 G/ v
Ostracism of Persons" }' b8 e! @8 `2 V. v7 [
55. Social boycott
' W! l# S) i6 A* A0 |( h d 56. Selective social boycott& u2 V$ `6 c! w3 E' a' Z
57. Lysistratic nonaction1 S5 k" Z- ~5 o
58. Excommunication
! q z5 L8 l% P) ] C! M/ i% ]5 d p 59. Interdict# v* H0 Z3 _/ j. K! z4 _' n
7 x1 A0 k5 r( {' k
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! ^7 ^0 t$ X ^9 P$ \) u6 }% q! m
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& K7 ~) `9 U+ D1 a 61. Boycott of social affairs" p- P4 Z' x! i* y$ L% n. ]
62. Student strike% z! a7 M( P9 f7 H( A0 j: N
63. Social disobedience- R. g4 [' \ a# |: i
64. Withdrawal from social institutions% b: q* z# T8 c1 j4 k* b6 f
4 g/ [2 R5 ?# s+ Z3 w' ?Withdrawal from the Social System5 a- S8 A! V! N1 G. {5 H& B
65. Stay-at-home
; Z+ M$ c. q5 L# J 66. Total personal noncooperation
1 s) ~' X1 C. ^. x0 u$ k% J$ Q 67. “Flight” of workers
) L" }* [& ~7 j/ `! x 68. Sanctuary
2 W& i1 k" ]" f [ 69. Collective disappearance. p* D+ Q# ], g) A4 |# z. n
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% J, W' M" c( U+ w+ V
6 f5 J* ~7 y; C$ z: C& s / D2 ~- z; i; ~6 e- O+ K4 A. {
* E5 t5 [4 U) T, j( _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
, `: J8 C4 n" H7 H. n B" R, {
8 l9 P# A. |2 [5 `1 }& ^: A
5 I! G# W- K) Y3 [' @1 J' @7 s! tActions by Consumers& T/ q' j0 P/ |
71. Consumers’ boycott) _% [/ s# @+ s3 D8 f+ Z% M
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods* U' n1 }1 R* ]
73. Policy of austerity
. N3 _' A) o+ Y! F; F 74. Rent withholding
* [& [8 E+ A) a. D/ l- q 75. Refusal to rent, D0 t, l5 H% ?8 t) w0 i7 m- r
76. National consumers’ boycott
4 l. S$ |* ^% V( [ 77. International consumers’ boycott6 f- ` j# g, e* D8 s+ I0 e
4 d! Q. u2 I" _* ~& ]) X' DAction by Workers and Producers
T6 Q6 t. J: T ]& g+ ? 78. Workmen’s boycott
& R$ Z8 J! m* H @7 \$ Y, J& R! y, n) D# [ 79. Producers’ boycott
3 U+ X$ Y# p/ c, S6 R) n3 i4 x/ n
* @ X5 x( P8 t3 uAction by Middlemen
' _/ p+ I( S* h) w* O* r 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ P* J3 o* R, y6 k1 D
( f8 V% A4 O! j5 ?+ k9 IAction by Owners and Management
1 C& q% S7 p( n( k: l' Z 81. Traders’ boycott
p! A6 J! g. @- v( P% ]4 @& ^ 82. Refusal to let or sell property5 d3 D, I* j4 ^9 N J, q
83. Lockout
+ O- d6 ~5 |" n* N" k3 R6 m 84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 O( K% ^& e( W* ~! d7 C
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 j) x" C, M/ H9 O- d4 c& w' T( C: `" i( V, _. S/ z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources1 [9 ` O6 ?% Q+ O
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 Q% }! ^" |1 t% R
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ y/ \3 k: h' P 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( x$ E q& M) y( f 89. Severance of funds and credit
& k% q) _, q m9 I, y* p 90. Revenue refusal2 I& w( q% T4 A0 f4 J. |$ Y
91. Refusal of a government’s money
" p9 p7 J# ^* H) ?! h: T: T% r1 Q5 Q& U. N$ p7 d5 C: a3 Z5 I
Action by Governments- _, a& u& |4 P$ r/ g+ b* a" N
92. Domestic embargo; k& v# m9 B: R& s- \" K
93. Blacklisting of traders
- z! C* q3 a5 J$ G. _ 94. International sellers’ embargo( N1 U( j' _9 j( k- Y
95. International buyers’ embargo p# X# I, o3 X
96. International trade embargo
8 _5 ~, d' f' A7 d' f5 U; i- z: |7 W3 u) E \
. V' J, B- B! m& R! b% }" l4 G# X+ I0 p
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
7 U2 @6 g1 }0 V. v; z8 \7 l; J' t* c/ s6 e6 P- |
+ H) o" q5 ]1 R& w; U- {Symbolic Strikes& N0 ~/ ~( Q3 a
97. Protest strike6 z. y- r" R* k
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). O$ o! M7 w( ~+ Q
+ I( W S( ]" F" L0 M
Agricultural Strikes
4 i) G3 J0 _( t1 s7 N9 u2 y$ E 99. Peasant strike
2 _) ?5 y" H! q7 l0 Q1 x* E- R. u 100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 W" A% ` C4 Q* y! ?6 ?2 k8 U* }" u( T7 E* A
Strikes by Special Groups* w# A1 Y% \" u' C5 ?% u
101. Refusal of impressed labor2 ^4 g- R; s! w, F* I/ J! r4 O+ V
102. Prisoners’ strike
3 T: q+ j! k5 z# S 103. Craft strike
1 g4 B- K# c5 {+ }$ o4 _ 104. Professional strike4 ?6 P1 s) G$ V# |! z
! A( ~0 S4 ^: ~& G
Ordinary Industrial Strikes8 i. r7 ^# z2 V/ E9 A. I
105. Establishment strike( R6 V3 m$ C) P! {- d2 Q
106. Industry strike5 v( m, u9 r6 J$ F
107. Sympathetic strike" V4 Z( G, x' i' a0 [7 [! K
) Q, e6 v0 k: f2 ~% F% N4 c7 PRestricted Strikes
5 |" z' t4 A- l% _8 M* X' q) M 108. Detailed strike" m$ V9 ^0 T3 r6 j, U, m* c
109. Bumper strike/ o% `6 M' q, O& A+ o
110. Slowdown strike
' Z! X3 g( z3 h 111. Working-to-rule strike
0 ^' z5 Y$ n8 x N. Q, X4 x) _" N 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: h V$ R( J5 j 113. Strike by resignation
1 J& e( f% S$ K+ Y 114. Limited strike
6 k' t. ^7 v6 i+ m 115. Selective strike
7 C Y5 s9 q; l4 }5 q
, \; j6 U8 }( Q4 [Multi-Industry Strikes
6 T) T7 S4 x7 v) j( ^/ {4 G- k: c# F) w
116. Generalized strike) }! o% z, H+ d0 u1 K! @3 y. I
& Y$ Y9 C. P- f; [* Y5 `
117. General strike
9 F. f$ r' J9 b7 w3 y& k9 l5 e+ i% r9 ]
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 y5 }8 ]+ b# g- c# f4 W
7 E# b8 w: |( H p, d8 S& V# u$ @ 118. Hartal
* k3 |# z# i! _ H4 J* q4 M; A+ t: R- Z- A: ?. f: A7 s. j* g# d! I
119. Economic shutdown- n& H/ O! Z9 y B8 O9 ^& L- \
c" _4 T* y& e2 ]9 |
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( S" _& G, Q( b1 ^- VTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION3 p" V% C; L9 d
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Rejection of Authority
) R/ ?0 ^- K. }/ [6 o 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; z7 I; k/ C/ y* {+ R
121. Refusal of public support
7 I3 h# Y/ b+ E6 w2 g1 M# o 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, b/ B) d' e7 x! x g1 C
3 G4 ]; B1 N* w2 q5 h" b U+ E
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& V ]' m9 I" @* V3 C2 o1 [5 n+ ^ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# N1 l `' w4 E* O" | 124. Boycott of elections3 }3 W5 d" _+ N* }/ K' O4 C1 R$ R
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ v2 ^& l; q$ B# ^0 ^1 y9 F7 V) e 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 D( m2 Z/ h" i0 _1 Z" j 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 h- w2 @0 w% Q) N) O1 d9 ?& | 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 H4 P+ m+ R8 G$ j( G' @4 d2 h
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
K0 e7 x/ w" S; ], G5 A 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 E( ~8 O8 C4 N5 y' Z ~# f 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
# A0 o- i0 q. U0 E5 l) O- M+ X' u 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& J6 j) m* c8 B2 K$ X+ k
. M1 O( e @5 c
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ [/ I. |, B3 Z4 }- q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 a \% Y6 @# j8 v" `; ^# w* O 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 y% X( S5 t+ ^; ? 135. Popular nonobedience
" G# j- W. h4 I! ]. ]3 H 136. Disguised disobedience
# o4 N1 k+ y- G2 @- x4 {2 L 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( H- g0 x* }; Y 138. Sitdown0 |! k( y( H* U# G
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 K+ @1 G$ ?% a% K 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 u9 }5 U( o3 g
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" E: P: O* i5 j3 u4 y
$ `# C# _ w- N( d% |
Action by Government Personnel
2 Y( i" f' W& @0 Z5 O& G9 b Z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; X9 i- D2 U7 P, U+ r6 g- E 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
, w* b k9 ]' G' q8 R9 M; z 144. Stalling and obstruction
% M& R- c& ^( U h$ }6 v q, V 145. General administrative noncooperation9 R1 t/ Q3 S2 \0 |4 g" t q; D: R
+ n4 G$ A& g) H5 L% B: Q
146. Judicial noncooperation. ^8 N' j6 `$ W8 n% r
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ Q/ ~: i" \$ h/ W! Y/ r) B7 s# }3 l5 {+ G 148. Mutiny
8 P% n) d5 L C+ \8 J. G. i# Z: NDomestic Governmental Action: A7 R; |% U2 g4 o
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# M* `$ B8 o) K2 J7 G 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' S. l. \2 D. `5 e5 M
/ e# A7 ^8 P. r+ h3 DInternational Governmental Action
# m: X' }. b r! ~& V+ h8 O i 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. M5 Z' f! F. A/ B4 B
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- Y0 H: G. N6 [: o
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ z* b7 v* x" C1 w Y$ a+ k6 O' [ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 I1 L8 C3 g0 s0 P- M" { 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 j0 `* U; U- f' [" _. d, t
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ g9 {( }' t9 z" Z 157. Expulsion from international organizations: Y; g% d3 {, M7 n9 Z/ y* f
7 @" E, n& f; ]0 M& v/ ~
9 g( ~$ ` @$ ?4 @* a8 _/ `! ^
4 X9 V4 n: c' pTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
* i! M O0 O' b. y7 i3 I) o& f! S2 @* n0 s* \# H3 T8 }
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Psychological Intervention/ k9 V- N) w$ f, r$ C# ~- M9 x
158. Self-exposure to the elements3 t1 h+ n- U6 B9 q/ r
159. The fast3 M8 J* Y1 k5 z5 T$ b
a) Fast of moral pressure& U# W: d& F1 Z- K1 I* V- t
b) Hunger strike7 [6 T% w+ ?& x+ F w4 D) s; U
c) Satyagrahic fast+ `9 e- P! k, \. M
160. Reverse trial
4 Q& k1 U5 Q6 o( @, u4 H0 W n 161. Nonviolent harassment1 k$ F j# g% S% a# v( D
4 E0 R) G; `: h. C: x1 wPhysical Intervention
0 P2 E3 C& N% h) e y8 F 162. Sit-in
( ~/ w0 t% X9 V8 K- P" b 163. Stand-in' I7 U* q: F) {& t2 P# W
164. Ride-in! ^- C# ^+ _. s
165. Wade-in
8 Q9 K* u N% b1 W7 R 166. Mill-in
' [( Z1 @' D# f4 F( e- s' v 167. Pray-in1 A% @ P6 I7 n8 S
168. Nonviolent raids
7 j% }0 O" \; u' l# s* Q 169. Nonviolent air raids% l- U- }# ^7 u2 O
170. Nonviolent invasion3 S+ ~, C, U9 B9 f" p2 t$ |
171. Nonviolent interjection! [# |7 u9 ^+ B: u% _7 D4 g
172. Nonviolent obstruction6 B* M+ A3 y1 n4 |/ q# K
173. Nonviolent occupation
4 k& C: O! [1 M/ t7 @: Y6 W2 F4 q0 }, w4 Q, O
Social Intervention
+ |- l' m: c2 [+ n 174. Establishing new social patterns
- z! ~6 g0 a: l5 w 175. Overloading of facilities0 H, r/ T# x, y x% p, h
176. Stall-in
- n8 o6 F# U( |5 C1 w1 z6 V 177. Speak-in
2 X* m8 c! q( | 178. Guerrilla theater
+ l. W/ [+ B3 v# I4 w4 d: h$ \ 179. Alternative social institutions
+ \( o9 g2 T; n& d 180. Alternative communication system" K( F+ `4 J' H
& Q! K5 I: L/ ]. a6 x
Economic Intervention
4 r# D3 m, @# U1 u; E$ r 181. Reverse strike
6 U. C. l5 F% c9 V( | 182. Stay-in strike
4 C; q# a8 C( B- ~ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 S+ L2 C, m9 \' I! P 184. Defiance of blockades
4 o3 E2 ~4 \1 B$ C* i$ o 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 e" ~+ I' h; A7 x
186. Preclusive purchasing0 x, E9 Z5 f7 U; e, T5 A. i
187. Seizure of assets3 p) A% `. X6 z' P1 ~
188. Dumping
' t6 z2 A& H* V7 }6 t/ P& E 189. Selective patronage
9 P0 j1 \: B7 Q: I2 s 190. Alternative markets
1 c7 J1 g7 N y 191. Alternative transportation systems
! J4 W- ~$ x( N) S 192. Alternative economic institutions
6 L0 }# y/ s& B7 g% A. X
' ?7 K6 k, s: \! b' KPolitical Intervention; B% K5 G: O( O, w* C
193. Overloading of administrative systems% H7 b: b& a' P0 N& F9 Q
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! h& i$ f9 o& N+ ?4 J+ E 195. Seeking imprisonment5 v& C" N) b0 A1 N W- A3 e. y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 G s4 ]$ A0 V3 I7 l 197. Work-on without collaboration
! X/ ?- C; }7 S' X# ~, i 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 N+ }) `6 S8 d: I: W& i
3 h$ A% l$ W7 F! v$ m. I+ O/ Z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
