 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. _6 P6 g6 X- y. R, P# |9 cFormal Statements
4 L# y& M: N# L7 q3 s0 j+ { 1. Public Speeches# y% C7 ^/ U! a- M
2. Letters of opposition or support& T$ u5 L! D$ Z9 S
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
+ s. I: S& @% W+ p& U 4. Signed public statements. {& U* [! E. N0 [
5. Declarations of indictment and intention* J! f5 A) U6 D
6. Group or mass petitions/ u4 v! g# H' z9 q2 e
1 _8 w; q! Q [' N- O$ W3 c
Communications with a Wider Audience
9 ?1 [0 M# w7 Y1 ^; t' H 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 E- ] y8 y$ ^
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 K( f! T3 ~+ }9 o9 l, q/ t 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' U+ r$ i6 T8 G2 B9 K: G9 M 10. Newspapers and journals7 d& u; Q0 z" _" ]# j1 G
11. Records, radio, and television* J( d, ?# s9 X
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& `, d6 C. r" V6 m$ X* F8 l6 w3 ^: I' I2 N4 Z9 }
Group Representations/ @. }* k- k6 \0 w/ E' w
13. Deputations$ t4 ?* n2 n: a; h# \% V, q
14. Mock awards# x8 V( a* g8 M" z+ p* D
15. Group lobbying
& _; U! ^0 C3 c$ _# @( D- a 16. Picketing, V. z* K+ \# E! _+ g) D+ |' ^- m
17. Mock elections
% k* E# k+ h% E
' J, t; h ^1 U k8 _! CSymbolic Public Acts! |; K& F$ ?9 A1 }; t- u
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ l# b8 o% j$ ?$ O3 D1 V9 H
19. Wearing of symbols- X& D, L+ h4 B: O! ?$ ]1 s& w/ z
20. Prayer and worship0 O9 u6 ~; a1 m
21. Delivering symbolic objects
I4 ]! m) t; N9 k# Z' z 22. Protest disrobings
" V% K0 R9 c9 ^' n9 i 23. Destruction of own property
8 \) b1 N" e# [. ?; c: |0 ^ 24. Symbolic lights
# p0 h" Y' w/ y: R 25. Displays of portraits
# C+ d) a! q7 |# q" K. \$ Q7 v 26. Paint as protest
! O! k7 Z5 \( h3 H! M' @& Q9 b 27. New signs and names. \6 F' o5 ^$ Y# J: x% G
28. Symbolic sounds
. |$ x8 J7 M7 w& ^ 29. Symbolic reclamations: C9 o6 q+ Q: p; e1 H" p
30. Rude gestures
) O& Q) u- O, p( p3 D' C# A# J7 N N' c/ x" y. G
Pressures on Individuals. D) G/ H! @, v2 l- m: _
31. “Haunting” officials
. T, |* L& ?# e' F 32. Taunting officials N& ?* x* t/ ]1 j2 A( q, l6 h
33. Fraternization7 c& A5 V+ O- T; d+ w' w
34. Vigils
) Y, B8 f! Y4 t
& \$ K7 [8 i' u: p2 ]Drama and Music
! }8 P0 @' m) ?9 P6 a% h 35. Humorous skits and pranks+ [: [2 W$ u! _2 s. }' h3 |# g
36. Performances of plays and music
9 c$ @. b/ |" R* I) b% P( t0 o; J 37. Singing# K4 |5 E& x; d9 }1 b
+ M+ X2 f6 z6 f* B0 z" ~+ f5 e
Processions3 R% c8 z" v$ I" W0 k3 n
38. Marches- x* x- F3 l# s. z; ^3 T5 i
39. Parades4 m' I d( P/ E6 i. a2 I# ~- x
40. Religious processions+ X. c8 c% K# l+ O- B5 U* t
41. Pilgrimages
) q- w5 e7 s; e* R6 j& L 42. Motorcades
: [6 V2 c6 B' }5 D$ m" X
4 y, X! L$ y- z1 Z PHonoring the Dead
- P# f/ L; o+ x/ ]" s* F/ K7 H; {: D# w 43. Political mourning5 h! Q9 e. m" M5 I5 W5 M
44. Mock funerals
) ~2 ]1 j' {, t( D3 \ 45. Demonstrative funerals* I. m8 @- D9 f/ z7 a0 B
46. Homage at burial places. C9 a8 o+ |( w, z+ U2 z3 H3 u
6 P) z2 d6 P* q
Public Assemblies% D/ |1 w& }. U( H& s0 f1 z& w5 V7 Y
47. Assemblies of protest or support' F! A+ q+ v8 h- _! ]1 @
48. Protest meetings
; c& Z* Q8 C( l9 L 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 R9 t: |4 X9 y5 M2 T! Y6 a0 e3 |* U 50. Teach-ins/ @$ v8 @* j9 N: k1 R/ Z' n( |2 o
' Z6 l6 }9 ^2 ? C& X1 X" MWithdrawal and Renunciation
" `* L8 j9 X9 R5 ^2 [ 51. Walk-outs, H1 y' t, T( C9 ]4 R- @, U7 F5 R- q
52. Silence7 R5 s# _. ^# L0 m; n
53. Renouncing honors2 G' Q2 F' P( Z \
54. Turning one’s back+ d1 j: f- T9 j
5 ]. J3 B. C3 I% i9 W* Z$ l* i' [ 6 K( z/ F7 G! t. s. l7 Z
. K1 Q) z, z+ [ ?6 L* z' y
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 }, [2 X9 S/ C
4 W" c; ]" U# i+ T; Q5 H* I
Ostracism of Persons4 g' M5 U. V" j2 K
55. Social boycott4 F& a* d9 o3 l6 g
56. Selective social boycott5 Q3 ^ m8 \3 s1 P4 W
57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 f' b* C" ~1 D' O8 e0 d 58. Excommunication/ Y# ]4 A. m @& q8 m- |+ M2 ~
59. Interdict" g9 o4 w0 T3 Q( w
: e. l# l! r' s$ E, h
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% v5 J$ H- a9 V( q: U$ l0 }
60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 c( G7 }& m+ W5 l1 u3 M5 h) ^
61. Boycott of social affairs
) A) U* {1 b: }) }/ }4 W1 R' q 62. Student strike1 r: k6 Q' K/ o* I9 K
63. Social disobedience* k' c. c! C/ G* d7 A( q3 @
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) C8 q% t& R) [' K1 m: F" L) \2 b
# x0 E! \1 {3 Q. G T6 HWithdrawal from the Social System, d V" ?0 i8 \0 o1 C3 K( J; E
65. Stay-at-home
- J8 S7 e* ]" i' w0 t5 ` 66. Total personal noncooperation
+ g5 T3 K4 w- c6 Q 67. “Flight” of workers
! C5 o" d: l6 ~ 68. Sanctuary
% e3 ?' s5 x- E( Q. O 69. Collective disappearance
( y8 f$ r( w- O4 E3 Y& W 70. Protest emigration (hijrat) ?& D8 z0 g5 W$ H8 @# _
2 }* d0 o# q, |3 r6 D Y/ W. q; J& H/ g
5 k5 L# ~. W/ B/ [6 Q, {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 s) l0 d1 P" t# y) T/ Y |" ]( j' v+ N" k4 p- e
K; v+ p( y( q1 B3 g7 c/ b/ [Actions by Consumers
" m: _5 B1 Q% T F% S+ x 71. Consumers’ boycott, v# x/ t& r* W G
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, D! ^6 J! q. P
73. Policy of austerity/ d8 @9 P7 S$ z* O. [6 U; m! \
74. Rent withholding
! x' N- \; O5 }6 w$ c1 d' h7 i7 ^ 75. Refusal to rent
# _: @. ~. G$ K+ L; F" M 76. National consumers’ boycott
/ y! s: v# i# T9 v0 n0 B 77. International consumers’ boycott4 ?0 C+ R8 k o, Q y+ D- p
" o, k/ N( n1 `+ ~0 f8 @; f& K
Action by Workers and Producers
2 T( ~0 V7 H; h J* L+ c 78. Workmen’s boycott
" ]6 L3 C {1 y3 V( @* J: @ 79. Producers’ boycott" R, G1 w6 R) ]" r
6 x" D, m0 {3 I! ~- @
Action by Middlemen' }4 U" b9 q) L
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
, S- K& h7 b$ I; Q
4 C( G$ r# I9 k: iAction by Owners and Management
% ]( y$ h6 z7 i2 R, x" i d 81. Traders’ boycott
+ F2 q# t! s) ?$ g! a0 x' |$ o" ^ 82. Refusal to let or sell property2 b' J5 ~( R! m+ r y
83. Lockout
, k4 H) M8 w& X9 p 84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 P' N' d" l) C7 o0 _
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' e5 i2 I1 a( H# |3 U6 Z- K8 i% Z- g ]& T; T8 Z- x( x5 I
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
9 g# j: U8 q# \7 ?- ~ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% s+ `) L! G; |( R7 @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 g$ {( u# m2 _ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 M0 i+ C3 b- j7 M) b" @ 89. Severance of funds and credit7 Q e9 W# h, H1 b* g6 R/ k
90. Revenue refusal
0 L& q: q4 F; s) D- [ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 Y9 J' g- E: y9 e# ^7 }% A! J1 B, h: s+ O6 L
Action by Governments
7 I2 H& M2 u3 p1 ]8 b# u 92. Domestic embargo* J+ d; i7 J1 `7 O) B
93. Blacklisting of traders- V1 I7 z& o6 F) b+ \# b( l0 S8 e j
94. International sellers’ embargo2 }3 Q1 k$ P( `$ X
95. International buyers’ embargo
; m* v8 D7 w/ e f2 E3 Y 96. International trade embargo, Y2 G/ q* j# Q# u7 a# X7 c
9 w0 f- m6 o0 ~! l) D# O5 ^1 _
; m* \" X4 X5 J: s- i* Y
8 a: s# L0 [0 G& ]" TTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 C: b- [, T1 _! W( n# K
( ~% [$ J, ?" G3 v1 E1 j, H
& K( K2 h/ R% iSymbolic Strikes& n: s B" J; {" |5 s
97. Protest strike
+ P3 Z7 R1 f5 L. k; f+ n2 p 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 c, E+ J! g q0 z! `* h. p
h$ g- e$ f. j3 M; r& pAgricultural Strikes& t! U' \/ }9 M4 p" z
99. Peasant strike
: q. U- f- g" M% k1 L- b$ m 100. Farm Workers’ strike
& U/ m% V, M- f7 B! y. A/ v. @; N: _' t, @+ d1 D9 h0 a& D! l. m
Strikes by Special Groups
{3 g& \9 Z+ A0 R1 q( g0 j 101. Refusal of impressed labor, S- s7 f1 f! K) g' u
102. Prisoners’ strike
! K- ~0 n3 A# d) P! ^* x# i, ^ 103. Craft strike
# e" @; c9 ?( G 104. Professional strike
6 z8 E4 o2 D* p' N V+ Q! o, w; k& R
Ordinary Industrial Strikes1 ?/ g& I+ y5 t: t6 s% Q, e
105. Establishment strike' `: X e+ `1 C+ O8 @8 m
106. Industry strike4 Z4 I: h8 n; l! Y
107. Sympathetic strike, A6 c$ ~1 m+ g/ Y6 L
. d+ i8 G9 i9 g1 V4 X' ^
Restricted Strikes
) V L! F# d2 `: p0 P1 x1 Z 108. Detailed strike
/ L5 c8 Y& ~7 }& w$ V3 l 109. Bumper strike
/ W* q: e: m& a5 g5 ]7 K 110. Slowdown strike/ T& [5 {4 _1 z* {/ l: p1 F
111. Working-to-rule strike; r/ w8 d7 d) C% s
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ K" d6 s" a& T, g' Q2 x 113. Strike by resignation
& i2 `2 Q# f3 F! M2 e/ Q% v 114. Limited strike5 z# r# m7 X1 G6 ^, [1 H9 ]% [# V
115. Selective strike- T( d( A, G4 O% a ^1 t
- z: f* N! o' J( ^: J" G" K+ CMulti-Industry Strikes
: h4 H/ g$ z+ r( R! y
. v% a4 j s) Q8 D$ k; Y 116. Generalized strike/ n3 E s! c: f
7 A8 I# I0 x. n 117. General strike2 {" M, Q |+ y1 t
: m+ [/ F6 g. H( B
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures/ v2 p, n# d' h
; o8 `( R9 {, `1 M" m( G5 } 118. Hartal
" w6 t5 S7 @% q% B9 d6 O( B W' }% E9 z$ o
119. Economic shutdown
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5 ?+ G1 A& l; D0 O; V8 N$ @2 g/ P( F3 U; U4 }5 q" ?* B0 _
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
0 ]. q2 ]7 g; g
& P4 w+ U6 g: q7 \( G! d
# v$ }! C/ \. m1 F7 oRejection of Authority
2 I) I# o; `) R( E, a2 k8 H 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 E! A0 p O } h/ \9 O 121. Refusal of public support
' _9 u+ l; ]% _ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; C0 q' @% \3 K; c( H/ p2 o4 h! \' X
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government' |( W6 S5 R! l( f" Q' y
123. Boycott of legislative bodies( F# t! `# P% L& R
124. Boycott of elections
' ^% O2 f, ] E( P& w$ B 125. Boycott of government employment and positions, M4 H' f# W* H9 g: @
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
4 S/ l. X3 s4 o. O 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions& \6 R0 }9 e+ m, N( a: G
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' K d1 u2 I* d
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, c- I1 g) p! ^8 F8 T 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* G8 y& p2 E8 ?% `. ?8 s
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 z6 k! Y' G* B. e2 \( O 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# ^+ n9 @& j) w' ~, c, f9 n
3 y- j7 ?$ N/ U- U
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' T6 ?. q$ J$ [2 O& o* F! \- @1 p
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
+ ]! R- ~+ f/ ]- { 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision b7 K4 ?( F" C+ I# w8 F# ^6 ~
135. Popular nonobedience' F+ ~* z0 p" R& }
136. Disguised disobedience' ?1 ~% _+ J$ x& P
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
- D4 ~) G7 |1 C 138. Sitdown4 B; m$ G+ N* ^
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 U; y0 y2 x6 ? 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# @6 Y- G/ V/ j0 B. D
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) D" Z* h, \1 t9 I( D6 ?8 v
1 [/ R* }9 \7 P: ~6 N4 m$ }
Action by Government Personnel, C, V+ K4 k, K; l$ A% [, v/ Z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" F8 i3 ]; V- c* W1 `1 O 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' v& @; ^; Y* N, L. o' k( C 144. Stalling and obstruction
/ c9 o8 }6 B) y l) F1 Q 145. General administrative noncooperation
3 Y7 ? ^9 }- r" z9 P: b
2 G' Y# l' k/ r8 u3 U* K) m, @ 146. Judicial noncooperation
( C4 _* v4 M; P/ I 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, n5 x* _! X, w! w 148. Mutiny
- Y3 G+ |" ?# z. `( Z& [Domestic Governmental Action
- h. ~+ L. ~0 X9 n ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
6 |9 T* ^, K5 S& X+ f* d 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ c; A* J- r; r% e j3 n0 @$ g. c6 z5 z- b! ?8 B; q
International Governmental Action/ W5 b8 \$ A' X/ T* `
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 c/ j: g: r7 c
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 j) D6 e8 {4 X
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 x% {" n. _3 u' Z ?6 R$ a( x 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 O; f. d9 f3 a 155. Withdrawal from international organizations- I# o- n( j1 M
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' X* B, t# c# L2 B5 T4 e, E 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 E) u$ d1 g, Q. }$ X m, K6 N2 E/ U' J0 @; K( B# A0 T
+ ]8 B- f6 S& R5 l, O9 y1 b
0 C9 J1 [% I2 b& g
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* P3 S2 `$ M9 p% K% F- o
, N' O. J+ _" `: H2 x ( a p. S, |7 k
Psychological Intervention) U1 \& c- B0 t( p& y- \
158. Self-exposure to the elements6 f$ B: [5 C4 ^; ?& [* ]' ]1 `. f
159. The fast
2 c y* Y3 S, ~. W a) Fast of moral pressure
+ A7 h/ t: Z2 C" O' [0 |2 q b) Hunger strike
. S# B/ P5 `7 b @ c) Satyagrahic fast( g* I6 `8 Z- r2 [+ \4 c- g
160. Reverse trial
: x$ E! t' F3 p- d' s1 W 161. Nonviolent harassment
. |& K0 ~2 o7 F: W
" O6 S8 t" A" }6 Y$ pPhysical Intervention
1 V+ B! j1 X! @# T* M$ E 162. Sit-in8 K. Y2 k& d3 c& Z
163. Stand-in
7 e9 s8 y! f, w5 M4 Q 164. Ride-in' ~: d J/ _7 b% q
165. Wade-in
0 Z& S" v0 r4 s& r% a' Z3 H4 J7 \ 166. Mill-in, ^; x6 Z1 p8 S
167. Pray-in0 [. ?$ A2 G5 v
168. Nonviolent raids
! r! F* k8 w) z; C 169. Nonviolent air raids: M: E/ B$ L" C8 O7 |4 w
170. Nonviolent invasion2 `5 |" J; o. E( l7 D; q% \8 J" d
171. Nonviolent interjection! g; K+ _4 D; _9 B; X" b4 W
172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 t% c# k( h( f9 {0 { 173. Nonviolent occupation5 b7 Y- O6 `9 ?8 P8 k- l6 u* c
; X) S9 U, H h7 x7 X( t9 I
Social Intervention
' U( x0 a0 y- N! h. W* g 174. Establishing new social patterns! }% n1 k( E3 ~& u# x' q; Y
175. Overloading of facilities5 a' Y- X B e$ @# h
176. Stall-in4 Z8 }: f3 f7 ]8 n2 n' H
177. Speak-in# Y) f/ m7 e% E: Y3 e/ \/ v, l
178. Guerrilla theater
( W: J* x9 q$ T# o& ? 179. Alternative social institutions+ M q& _/ T- a0 |+ z/ G
180. Alternative communication system) m4 R, m; r; ?* K" ]& m7 q
9 ?( {4 P' ]4 _4 C; \
Economic Intervention
/ c0 t; e& v& k1 G N8 K4 p( c( W 181. Reverse strike
) K% ]9 p& h# y4 ^7 I9 ?' X 182. Stay-in strike$ r% | K1 X! B- n# E/ A2 [; k! ^
183. Nonviolent land seizure
' i6 {0 Q" f: k/ L 184. Defiance of blockades8 o7 `% j; o5 J) d* ]. B
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 T, w7 ^$ L" [. ^! l
186. Preclusive purchasing0 |# z( @+ t" x! e5 m8 ~' I2 I- a
187. Seizure of assets" {9 K K9 i; a' `
188. Dumping3 T, }' h6 U4 |2 I: B
189. Selective patronage9 r) y9 Z: a9 r$ C
190. Alternative markets
' u0 c6 i8 Z! F 191. Alternative transportation systems2 M+ W B& X. e# _: [- z5 i
192. Alternative economic institutions
+ M1 C& b1 h4 \
6 C3 y) b" q: W! x5 h+ |Political Intervention+ `! I6 u$ u( N7 a' h
193. Overloading of administrative systems
# M& {7 W C. K% `2 f 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. X3 r7 l! ?( h b1 x
195. Seeking imprisonment
, B0 i- V, X$ v& u9 C9 @/ I 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' Y( F" g" _, M7 W% s. w4 U) [
197. Work-on without collaboration/ n, h4 P" h/ U' Y2 o1 u* U
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" L8 e5 J- n# h+ G
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
