 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 Y8 X# D8 e& w; Z. I
Formal Statements
! K( l \$ m( o; } 1. Public Speeches
4 N3 v% ?& H0 U8 M1 s 2. Letters of opposition or support! F. e( r9 X- e5 a/ Z1 c7 `
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
1 w4 H+ j8 ~5 S: w* {0 w* o 4. Signed public statements; X( e4 J6 j. K# v1 Q1 ^% U+ T
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ x* M# c) |7 u0 p6 C0 O4 | 6. Group or mass petitions
3 C4 C7 W! X6 D' J7 z/ t! c8 r& F! o( u7 x
Communications with a Wider Audience7 y) @; T" c# u+ w' E& W
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 G5 U. @: K/ j/ H, n
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' U* R1 v9 ^1 E; ?1 {) e& O( ^. ^9 ~) J3 H 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ q/ w7 g( p* F" | d9 j) E
10. Newspapers and journals
# d( U: l- v# D6 M6 I& R7 M 11. Records, radio, and television
, ?0 R. U3 |" W c 12. Skywriting and earthwriting( ?, K) q) J% Z+ z- L
. U& }: {+ d9 L! u) A4 g
Group Representations
; \! r+ J9 K) D3 o; z P 13. Deputations' ~1 I8 n" o$ s
14. Mock awards
* G6 |; `0 Z0 k- [1 F 15. Group lobbying
( f& z/ z/ b7 ^# D7 q 16. Picketing
; W* t( J1 C; w3 N) K/ l 17. Mock elections
& @2 F) z% K5 L+ S4 k a. s+ _+ h" F/ u7 L: e; Z$ j* v' P; k
Symbolic Public Acts* I! o. d" g( ]7 z9 O8 z3 y# D
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 K4 i Z+ z/ _; D: m# }& V; e1 ?2 ? 19. Wearing of symbols
( p% ?1 I6 U' @; g+ i1 B 20. Prayer and worship
) j* v3 @- G" U! k7 t+ o9 C 21. Delivering symbolic objects5 e8 z) r! Q' n) ]9 q& A" e7 p
22. Protest disrobings
9 Z! `4 o# |4 K, T9 C, |0 d R% @' F 23. Destruction of own property4 e! @: A, c1 p
24. Symbolic lights
+ z+ `% U r" y! n0 l" H 25. Displays of portraits/ l& O& l0 r- s; O8 o3 u7 g+ I9 c
26. Paint as protest' z, u" i9 o& r% A$ v# c
27. New signs and names
* O7 s" n6 V& |. f4 ^" B 28. Symbolic sounds
G6 o; k' K* D' N) {# w5 v 29. Symbolic reclamations7 [: l/ @, W* A. M) a" l
30. Rude gestures
2 y; L* z: ^- R; u
. H0 Q" b6 p% i' SPressures on Individuals% J- \1 N3 P( K9 h& j: V3 `
31. “Haunting” officials1 r. N5 b! N" f% N% u( @
32. Taunting officials) c1 ]: I: v! _& _ w7 _) o
33. Fraternization; ~; |# t! d. `6 q) M: [
34. Vigils
1 c2 R8 H+ l$ _* h
& o$ q6 C6 F7 q: I( cDrama and Music
/ V9 F% a8 I" i r7 l3 e6 u: [ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ q0 Q3 Y, B% J9 W5 X1 q 36. Performances of plays and music
* |1 N5 I% w0 z# e' { 37. Singing
; w, Z* X Y* ~' p( F q6 ~7 ~( j, b: t4 E
Processions
, ~' r( l: f9 | 38. Marches& U' k7 |% ~6 J( V/ d6 Z$ V+ f
39. Parades; b5 @5 {1 `# r; _( `5 n
40. Religious processions
3 X; x( e3 q4 k* l3 r 41. Pilgrimages
$ R. _2 K! Y% y, R( U8 z9 x 42. Motorcades% ^0 E1 b+ U* `
7 y# ~9 F( w3 ]# U6 `! ~
Honoring the Dead# W# H; _# L7 Y I
43. Political mourning- Q7 h# Q+ q+ \3 [9 F* G% u/ }
44. Mock funerals
: m) A4 _: j3 t- P" z; j4 }% O' A 45. Demonstrative funerals1 i. b( a; ?& H7 f6 M* O" d
46. Homage at burial places/ R. p/ w/ j. g( n
! H% w& S9 j/ a$ E
Public Assemblies" r# n3 L8 q% c) V2 p( l% r# C9 Y
47. Assemblies of protest or support0 }# }3 ]+ L8 a7 w2 G' H
48. Protest meetings _. v% ^5 c' u T( s
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 E# L+ d9 ]. T% ?; g. {+ P6 p 50. Teach-ins
2 s( M' }' D; Z3 t
- b- I. I- a; z" r6 A% s4 oWithdrawal and Renunciation
; z# i& L: H+ v- t! \) D. u 51. Walk-outs+ q7 F9 C9 w0 a& C4 B
52. Silence- Q5 r9 f/ W" c4 O' i7 o; E5 P! ^
53. Renouncing honors
6 g9 P$ ]2 m! \0 a. a; Q7 |" C8 E 54. Turning one’s back
/ d! b+ |# e1 E+ j9 X- p8 l8 D: h3 I8 O5 _$ Z$ l
! }$ Y3 O' ?) s+ l6 e
1 n! }( U/ N D1 O! b7 [THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
1 s" P: c2 P+ K1 ]) x" y, ^0 _2 ~2 W
# f, {7 W! }( l! Y S
3 {) O) X- R6 R5 V
Ostracism of Persons- G. L! l5 g$ e3 R
55. Social boycott
' e, H9 t: x8 R4 L, ^ 56. Selective social boycott
' V! O. d3 J" n 57. Lysistratic nonaction8 t/ k: J, ^! s! Z1 O7 h9 t
58. Excommunication2 c) J& K* Y( m% S& N0 p2 R* a
59. Interdict
6 G* }% W2 A' y, m$ v+ ]' h3 F4 e- `$ c; b( m4 N7 `
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ W8 \2 i/ y) u" ^2 B 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ C5 h* G9 [5 B* T- y* t6 L 61. Boycott of social affairs
2 ^0 ~) U# m7 F( P3 f5 C 62. Student strike
( D! r5 t6 z8 s 63. Social disobedience
0 p; @( x! _$ @4 @1 A. w% M 64. Withdrawal from social institutions# X5 ?' G/ H3 m$ a1 Y
5 p5 X: W; A# b
Withdrawal from the Social System6 M8 ^- t$ K2 J0 j7 _# j* ~
65. Stay-at-home
1 r, x3 v+ B0 J' B, e 66. Total personal noncooperation6 W2 I: ~* @1 N. j
67. “Flight” of workers: b8 g! u3 p! a3 j7 W4 ^+ i
68. Sanctuary
- f' N, w e4 K) a( }" Y0 c: j6 ~ 69. Collective disappearance& l7 K6 ], K$ P: `5 ]" s+ Q% u
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) L4 m( i# h3 j3 {' a3 Q
# M$ H4 b. Q8 d/ [% ^
% q* m, i2 {" w. E: S- b
" Y- X8 q' L. g( A+ \# R" e9 v2 {3 I0 fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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( Q$ }2 E" u8 `" H5 u
Actions by Consumers% f; ?5 S2 Y4 s1 R0 \' z) X" ^
71. Consumers’ boycott
% N: q% ~6 s; S" t 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! D9 Q5 H8 C4 k. Z0 T 73. Policy of austerity
9 W% h8 n. w8 i2 i6 h5 W [ 74. Rent withholding
8 ~9 |4 O# G% }/ |+ D: a; ^ 75. Refusal to rent6 \7 n; s& } c/ S2 ^6 G Y
76. National consumers’ boycott
* w: U7 v- ^6 s n0 i3 F) i2 W 77. International consumers’ boycott
w" s$ r1 P; o6 a3 I
! w* c8 M6 O: l, f A, DAction by Workers and Producers' z* I& y3 T8 f* q9 }
78. Workmen’s boycott- i8 U. U0 u# p
79. Producers’ boycott
' J- H7 Z n/ K8 C
( M* F3 _2 _0 j9 x# fAction by Middlemen
' M- A( [8 x2 }# K$ z/ X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 ~, R z" G; v7 R" s, r9 Q N1 b7 B$ p$ z( ~ W
Action by Owners and Management
`, d: K! V( c) q4 l 81. Traders’ boycott0 e- p5 d3 j0 Q8 g
82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 ^1 `" I3 e9 {9 [( W 83. Lockout8 S R1 W0 k$ Q) b+ B
84. Refusal of industrial assistance( P8 P9 p) g. i. U; t: E! q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
8 q) {, n4 F$ \1 N2 W
& J8 c+ x& n0 l; lAction by Holders of Financial Resources P0 ^( R6 ^* Z; m9 a( K
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 W' _) v: C ?" Y7 { Z7 K
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" W% W3 R! H6 U2 e$ `+ Z- O! ?) e 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 Z4 B7 T' l- q* e7 z
89. Severance of funds and credit
* U' r6 |4 |9 y: b8 @) n' c9 ] 90. Revenue refusal% K. O h3 y Y0 N0 i6 N6 Z
91. Refusal of a government’s money- G% L9 h! t3 _" s
$ D g1 f9 f# K& m* R: VAction by Governments' y6 o, m% Q" J' _9 W1 f
92. Domestic embargo5 t- d0 ~, k1 g" r
93. Blacklisting of traders0 J1 X0 z5 J, K, d1 s( n
94. International sellers’ embargo
7 ^, r3 a% t! [1 E# x$ y1 x 95. International buyers’ embargo
& w! m% J6 L) G% A8 z8 Y) R) R 96. International trade embargo
" j; Y* n9 z/ s) n7 w7 v E9 F& Y# c2 A) j3 k
7 Y2 k2 g. \( J+ V" N p1 f; C
: b- x! `% O& ^* A# e. ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
+ ~/ h) x% ?" g* t6 s, T
$ Y2 ?/ E$ p6 a) T& |# V2 E , Q: z8 z! M/ i, @; y! W
Symbolic Strikes
& [" p; H- {4 p( a* { 97. Protest strike" F6 E6 _" e' b3 K9 V( h7 q4 ?& P
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 c' r* A( I9 D; s( k! O7 ~ S8 U+ g1 |$ D% g
Agricultural Strikes* `1 |' w) n Q+ s
99. Peasant strike! g- [9 i6 _, ?2 X
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ K+ s- z S7 ~6 g" F
1 ~5 Q% |( w* {# s' R3 wStrikes by Special Groups
- A- o' m/ C1 i7 _0 Q1 \) r 101. Refusal of impressed labor. F4 }2 ]7 t) a2 O6 k
102. Prisoners’ strike0 j# e" Q# Y8 P+ |$ X6 K
103. Craft strike9 z" R+ p2 O, _4 E* n- Z0 m
104. Professional strike
1 f$ ?. v* f5 S3 k. c7 H+ u4 m+ Q+ D" w- d8 }+ b: t) N, G
Ordinary Industrial Strikes- l; P2 P: _# {9 \$ C% K- K$ w
105. Establishment strike! D0 @% T$ B a
106. Industry strike
& t8 c$ ]6 a! p6 }' ^6 V 107. Sympathetic strike) ^) [( J9 }( ^0 [
' R( d* D# g& Y& C
Restricted Strikes
1 a8 [. x5 N1 C. N7 ]( S/ o3 w& D 108. Detailed strike
4 {8 C3 j5 B; M3 b$ T 109. Bumper strike
. V% z3 Y' q: f 110. Slowdown strike
x; p1 O$ Z! l; A/ k 111. Working-to-rule strike
- P& e# r- W# @% y m 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 I7 i8 z/ U1 T' y/ U
113. Strike by resignation$ y# e1 S ^* c) A3 M
114. Limited strike( H+ M) l6 P9 q$ U* ~# l4 z1 ~0 n
115. Selective strike1 X/ h0 E; ?- A3 _" r/ W
- B* g6 m/ U( v* E* [8 k8 U
Multi-Industry Strikes
7 [/ ^7 R% U1 h( C3 }: Y+ P' m' J4 h1 u; F* u4 g) ?- k
116. Generalized strike) I1 S. T5 v' d0 n0 H4 ~$ W
4 b" O+ N4 D! d# t
117. General strike
' u0 V/ T8 p% w" l1 E" r% x {' e/ U% v* N9 x, l: A
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; f$ ]( O+ i; N& p' H4 p; Q, X6 Z, [0 }- c
118. Hartal
6 G7 _$ n& B+ Y7 B9 s7 x
) Y) n, V% \4 m1 g' C 119. Economic shutdown3 h/ V( X7 }$ b9 m$ e
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3 @ {& V' l2 p* \/ a; I
; }2 K \$ \) c& Z( N( F' s8 a9 |THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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! d( M, J9 E) T" n4 X
} \6 V* O1 q8 G% G% DRejection of Authority7 w+ j" I8 w6 A. d3 e+ n! Q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- ~/ h4 y! Z4 i2 p7 ]/ h
121. Refusal of public support
8 A3 n6 c1 F+ O7 n3 C" ] 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 @6 c- |1 P) Y) T/ R m% o
9 i5 I6 E. _+ }/ H' Q6 n6 \Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 `! H: _2 ^0 t c6 E) f" h7 f
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 w2 ]( Y2 f2 ~ 124. Boycott of elections
L s& U! @# Q, x6 B" r+ S 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 q) Q# u% I1 N9 i: O 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 o C7 r+ R0 ~/ W3 m
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions9 L7 }* V- g. l/ ]( O8 v. O
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: Y# N6 P- @, p) b 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 n- a# i5 q- g- q; U: x* W 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; Y# c u* P' m+ S7 v
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. s/ l/ V# {( a2 {3 p% j* }
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions1 g5 v" P) N" _- l- S3 h7 e: d
% F U8 l0 m3 F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: b' i/ r* C) d 133. Reluctant and slow compliance# y" y U+ Q9 J! D* x# N; ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' x5 T4 h! ~7 Q! }, n 135. Popular nonobedience; D7 X& N4 J* @- e
136. Disguised disobedience
0 n# R* v N' R1 } 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! T# X7 c" P5 b0 i* f 138. Sitdown
$ Y+ y. E+ [ }' u! r$ G0 c0 a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation9 R1 ]( R- \1 n$ d. X# i3 T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 f1 [6 q# W$ }" k% {" H 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 ~9 @$ f+ _0 l H9 h7 d6 |: c" c; G3 N# @5 X) p
Action by Government Personnel
% F8 A6 ^1 j4 M' [) }* ~1 b) q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 c9 z- T" t% m$ ^
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
- m: v( C1 |; n% v3 D3 s. y 144. Stalling and obstruction
8 \9 W5 ?5 \% |. Q6 [. g- f0 e 145. General administrative noncooperation
% ]7 _1 b3 m9 B0 {9 F8 M2 {1 `* i% }1 {" j" M; M
146. Judicial noncooperation- m) c; [; T" F3 R+ \* c
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 w. S/ n- p; Q q+ x: E9 E
148. Mutiny- N: x1 C0 c/ r6 L( C3 }
Domestic Governmental Action$ U; `# F. X' c: v) h
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 p4 Z, m" L2 u1 U% Z' v
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! u9 b, z: r, T# P. s7 B8 r' T2 p. n6 C: k
International Governmental Action" S/ b! \) O9 i4 y) j2 r% g
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- B2 A! F/ m7 I. K# }+ h
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& h; A( h3 f: n! r 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 [ d5 T' h* h `
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& Z2 u5 u s! b/ G% T. j) [ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 }* D* Q# ^. ?" m2 \7 m' x
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. {& T+ \$ w+ d6 I/ t4 j 157. Expulsion from international organizations+ [2 K9 m2 [1 a( y3 }8 b
1 S. Z) ?$ X" G2 `& A
$ c# V' W1 y9 x, w. c3 V" `) I- U
m- D4 E7 v$ V$ H( l$ nTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 N5 R. Y7 |4 o8 F0 s' a
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1 r9 ]/ x6 K+ t i- @% m( X9 I( A- W- y& r
Psychological Intervention
6 P9 W% `# }8 ]0 i 158. Self-exposure to the elements7 k. G" B% C5 ~# \3 q
159. The fast7 E$ Q* A! ~8 y5 ~) A. B, k) q L
a) Fast of moral pressure
, E$ w( ~6 L3 \1 s4 \ b) Hunger strike
, C0 K& K" ?7 G5 _" x/ [% c/ M c) Satyagrahic fast
0 c- v6 d# ^. c) ^ 160. Reverse trial5 E: B0 }* ~' c# J4 F0 T
161. Nonviolent harassment$ s% ?, x5 {* q& F9 h2 j- c
0 _! B) f3 K1 l- R- t% C: B s, }
Physical Intervention( b' {4 O. l$ L) A9 d
162. Sit-in
\1 S( Q2 n5 {% L% D" `* B 163. Stand-in
" z7 r- k( u" J; I* K( Q/ G2 i, t 164. Ride-in0 N3 f( P! }3 p
165. Wade-in
4 n2 T8 N! U. n" S& u& s% S+ T 166. Mill-in
5 \3 A- F3 j1 T# V. `5 X 167. Pray-in
T, [1 _' R; A S7 j 168. Nonviolent raids: C/ a8 |: Y' c3 M' N, j$ J0 A
169. Nonviolent air raids( x) y5 D* W c1 u' E3 w
170. Nonviolent invasion
- C# k/ h% o( H) K/ {; K4 k" B& a# q 171. Nonviolent interjection( E/ @/ B g6 z. {
172. Nonviolent obstruction4 ?7 c9 V( P0 i ^; e9 D+ ]# e
173. Nonviolent occupation
; T6 h2 e) Y2 A4 B" ^# ^( E' m2 F& v/ t( x
Social Intervention/ k' }6 ^+ z6 v" y
174. Establishing new social patterns+ y8 I7 |1 W1 I$ u- L
175. Overloading of facilities
4 {$ }# z: t8 P$ | 176. Stall-in
+ a9 T1 s/ d5 i, K& M- ~* b 177. Speak-in# o/ Z O8 f9 y. v2 \- ]# ?/ g$ L
178. Guerrilla theater+ b. W {! F9 X. `6 Q/ o* {$ v
179. Alternative social institutions
" e% H, n; C. P+ Z2 B 180. Alternative communication system
4 C2 H5 S- t2 |- O2 E# v# G3 l- \6 d! R! D& ]+ j- _* a
Economic Intervention0 L- N s' I8 A5 q9 n- K& ~
181. Reverse strike2 q2 Z. M# K2 h5 q( [& l
182. Stay-in strike
- G0 |' p( s8 @2 s! x2 j5 O& ?. K 183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 _0 Q2 d3 C( h) r, E: R* g( q 184. Defiance of blockades
& U! I7 K7 V# n, ^0 Z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# e0 h- d( d) q" v. v% K
186. Preclusive purchasing
% T3 s6 p2 G; |+ o. W& I2 P 187. Seizure of assets
/ ^5 ~, x) |' H, |8 }* S 188. Dumping" Y+ w4 S# h7 h8 L
189. Selective patronage/ c' u9 {5 N. }
190. Alternative markets
/ _2 k- S8 g6 ]# H2 b4 G$ x 191. Alternative transportation systems
& A n6 G1 V J( s2 Q 192. Alternative economic institutions
: p. O" h y2 L2 z' S2 Q) w4 r |* A$ r. I! H/ b3 ~6 ]+ J
Political Intervention/ I+ \4 N z a! q5 y3 H9 C1 A: z
193. Overloading of administrative systems H5 y2 Z4 b- @7 x0 L: k0 ^
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ Y0 E- p$ G8 E
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 M& H9 k3 o" k 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! D7 q7 b' ^$ m0 }
197. Work-on without collaboration' O" e9 M+ N" k/ Y. D9 U
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 H5 x! M* l6 e' e. Q. o" w- R4 m
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
