 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- d, j% f& b) c. M) z6 u7 H
Formal Statements! k) [, ]7 O5 e4 n
1. Public Speeches
5 ^7 w' |( N$ y- q% z% ^+ D" v 2. Letters of opposition or support9 J! E& [- I% g/ U i6 w! N
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ K x/ u0 ~0 m7 N6 p' {5 Y& A 4. Signed public statements* u! v: L+ f5 H2 S6 e7 G$ ^. x
5. Declarations of indictment and intention8 |7 o" V( K7 a
6. Group or mass petitions
: }& y9 Z5 a4 M, U0 b9 |" k0 `$ l7 _; X
Communications with a Wider Audience! D k1 q" f+ v, U6 O& t
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 ` C, b2 c% P5 Y. j
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, y% Q( N* f; d* I4 o; v3 { 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' a" ~2 F7 Q, W. f* @ 10. Newspapers and journals
: G* t5 n& `; L- o- w 11. Records, radio, and television4 s( Y) O+ e2 ?3 f
12. Skywriting and earthwriting: r7 S" k4 E7 f- T6 d
- k, h1 _' d. MGroup Representations
- W& O# P0 |) {2 p 13. Deputations
- y2 K9 F7 i; v- A2 r B 14. Mock awards, B: V2 }/ [9 P8 I7 g- X; |
15. Group lobbying: @. e+ m6 \% h9 X+ o
16. Picketing
* p% {# ?2 G0 R$ Y 17. Mock elections
& h; N; i. }5 d" `
( j3 e" w2 R: j. t9 VSymbolic Public Acts
" S6 Q/ ^) I. [. `& Q1 U* @ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 U+ ?7 g2 F3 V) l( L/ V 19. Wearing of symbols
* U1 @$ O5 L( D" A# o4 H# Q9 H 20. Prayer and worship0 p& ^; P# w: k: Z2 p% Y2 n2 l
21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 W3 k. o j' m/ T 22. Protest disrobings
; s& e+ _; \0 U7 `/ _4 G- F/ Y 23. Destruction of own property
1 Z- u6 G, _. S8 o Q 24. Symbolic lights
3 b3 y. Y; z, |7 K U$ o 25. Displays of portraits
& C& J& _- `" n/ N: v1 E- A 26. Paint as protest
, _% P) P% Q9 { 27. New signs and names+ C+ s4 a) X r. `5 `5 H
28. Symbolic sounds
7 |9 `% j) r) J 29. Symbolic reclamations# k4 ?+ w$ q/ l$ J& n; a
30. Rude gestures
- n) l K( w# @( w2 L. \
/ r* A0 g9 v _; [2 s7 B' dPressures on Individuals
4 g0 r+ p/ U, r6 I$ Z 31. “Haunting” officials4 }/ Q6 {! i& \. w6 S
32. Taunting officials J- N% q8 J; q0 W
33. Fraternization
6 D" J. B' P% B 34. Vigils
4 L. o5 k) h: |: ^: s/ q8 i% |8 ]4 j" p3 c; y- E9 v
Drama and Music& T3 i- U0 L3 }5 k
35. Humorous skits and pranks3 o0 p3 D! ]% `% c7 W1 Q
36. Performances of plays and music
7 x3 ~3 G* A2 l4 }9 }3 x/ l: ?: t 37. Singing
9 h* U, I& L- U: p. U3 y& ]! V, E2 ?, L1 w+ z$ b8 d/ ^
Processions
+ m. {9 S( A2 q" C* c/ P 38. Marches, a8 M7 f$ p# v& M- x
39. Parades
) q6 A( [4 X* T$ Y( f6 c( V$ o; K 40. Religious processions" G* c4 s; [2 d3 X6 y
41. Pilgrimages& Y1 ` ~ N0 T+ B
42. Motorcades% Z# t# N* s4 v3 w, Z( v
3 l: S; H3 y1 U
Honoring the Dead
) k7 [- I; P4 I* J w i% X! _ 43. Political mourning7 [1 R; W. `2 c6 q1 A: I( X
44. Mock funerals8 U' H2 L7 w' u
45. Demonstrative funerals
' J6 s- k+ g4 }; P) a, D 46. Homage at burial places
' H3 ^: O8 G" u( {; S: K6 X* h
R3 _6 O2 u6 X, {, X( I3 VPublic Assemblies* Z) S0 k4 C# M5 P
47. Assemblies of protest or support
; B2 O% d. Q7 v; w6 A" B) [ 48. Protest meetings
/ Q0 l0 ` Z- W 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
5 s+ c& x* |- c 50. Teach-ins5 @/ G2 ]8 A0 W
" s5 M& n2 U! u: Z& h
Withdrawal and Renunciation
6 @) y5 `+ ?' i7 A 51. Walk-outs2 n: T- {6 {3 }& W
52. Silence
3 n# h4 P8 n" ?7 `, t _' q, S8 } 53. Renouncing honors
2 n" C# C0 n7 p' m; E 54. Turning one’s back
" F+ ~" d' I7 @/ L. c' u( M% p
9 g; `4 R/ U9 h0 b- Q
3 h: C3 }" ~! k4 M( u
) y3 g4 y6 n; \, F' U7 f6 j: iTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 ^3 U- n5 o" B" r
9 d5 H/ O% s) P& `7 L$ a7 X# P " A* m+ V1 \: V: X+ M% }8 x" T" ]
7 f0 a O/ z6 \, m
Ostracism of Persons
/ F! {$ z9 T0 H# B2 F6 Y6 A 55. Social boycott
3 H7 `" D3 U8 |9 `, u 56. Selective social boycott
& _+ M4 m$ w& ?% E( t% }9 ^ 57. Lysistratic nonaction' G! s7 K7 O2 e2 f' `7 u/ d8 l. V( ^
58. Excommunication
. ^/ t+ e7 r, [9 P) n 59. Interdict e8 p$ M, N) g0 z
' R7 E& C6 A: C6 `- xNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- f; f* y B2 V0 T4 ^& a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities8 h) n2 C, p0 i+ K( P
61. Boycott of social affairs5 p5 P: \0 S/ c: q5 Z/ T
62. Student strike/ I! Y, | J1 _0 e/ }
63. Social disobedience
; c& M5 i4 d1 p( r' c# i 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
: R% y5 F" _* M, \, t- K
) B, g, R) v, g& ^ I6 l4 rWithdrawal from the Social System
3 X" V( |$ b! K, y 65. Stay-at-home
/ O( k( r) K# }, a. u# f 66. Total personal noncooperation
4 S7 q* y: z, _% T+ o 67. “Flight” of workers u% J. n* a0 T8 u
68. Sanctuary
% `) y7 Y; I( M/ S+ | 69. Collective disappearance) q& F5 V3 X, d2 h1 W' a, z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
* @# d" l$ R& ]! Y) h6 Q: `( F% X6 d* d- p& j K' q+ M
3 i7 P: Z B0 H; C- X+ Q8 Y
8 |) n# Q7 y% b5 X* T+ y! j2 WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
+ L' G8 b% j* z" q- H8 J1 }+ u
5 {. w4 }& A3 E8 Y! n1 A, k" O
Actions by Consumers
7 Z9 p8 R7 ?5 s* I: z: R. I1 c* Z5 A 71. Consumers’ boycott
( N* q% r1 ^) q; l0 m% s 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods2 b9 ~7 a5 u( e9 I4 |( O
73. Policy of austerity
( r) i9 g' _# N 74. Rent withholding
# A9 ], }! v. f2 | 75. Refusal to rent
/ s4 Z/ C2 T. ?) C 76. National consumers’ boycott' G: V" o# v$ Q$ h: O: [5 ^
77. International consumers’ boycott
4 S) Q' d7 V/ E; _& o9 Z( N
3 U2 x. c# i5 T9 zAction by Workers and Producers
$ I m9 Y K% r 78. Workmen’s boycott! ~# j0 E) y2 V$ b X
79. Producers’ boycott
, M) [5 l7 ~* ?& J- C+ k
0 Z2 T. j9 s8 d5 i# c' zAction by Middlemen. @- J& t6 @ W- k" L
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 R: \- N& A% k& X6 r5 M4 c2 u- Q Y, H/ j9 B( |3 g! b
Action by Owners and Management
e( U: r: G5 }+ r+ u 81. Traders’ boycott4 I) N! V0 V" y$ N/ z
82. Refusal to let or sell property
' I! l( n1 M) K 83. Lockout4 Z" Q. |# ]* B6 X! B1 J' a) i2 ?$ n" Z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 U# A+ h5 G. y+ Y( H 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 p+ b$ j! q" V+ Z+ F& M" t3 C% l1 f% s7 d( n& B E
Action by Holders of Financial Resources5 D% R, {( ]# o9 g/ G0 u8 t
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ Y4 e* P3 W/ G* r1 A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" ^+ c2 J2 h9 {9 s3 ^
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# L% j% ?, w! P
89. Severance of funds and credit* ^( v7 o1 I8 S: r1 I7 D: n8 J. l' k
90. Revenue refusal
* O& _! @& d$ `# a2 g5 I8 [. i 91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 V7 j$ b2 r, r/ E8 ?
3 @+ a3 x3 g+ n$ fAction by Governments
6 W" z4 |: |- o# |8 t 92. Domestic embargo
* B: ]1 f; Z* r( u 93. Blacklisting of traders9 c8 s! i+ ]; m9 y' W
94. International sellers’ embargo( z8 Z% \% {5 l4 A3 Q+ V( h
95. International buyers’ embargo5 W, ?# r* n* E$ \ B( _
96. International trade embargo
$ j J5 G. C: b6 D: u
5 u. V- C; _& R2 E8 L! M( r ) i2 Z _! C3 r
5 y: H; ?5 k( zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 ^6 P( R7 p% }6 ~& g( d: Z. `2 j$ z% G: c! x
# _+ Y* s8 P4 O4 b( `7 SSymbolic Strikes
- t( \4 j8 R3 I! Z( @$ w* [0 G 97. Protest strike3 [# g5 o0 U5 l1 {0 Z0 Q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# z! e8 c5 k5 B6 K ^* G" S+ {
/ w# x, I3 w5 }1 u+ FAgricultural Strikes
0 O% g' X7 |9 b% }* B V 99. Peasant strike- b* R) P& m, a% @6 w1 O4 ^! {3 D
100. Farm Workers’ strike# g0 Y* s, G8 ?) H" p/ p; \5 Z
& _# T+ W7 K* p* S) N& d2 T
Strikes by Special Groups+ O9 ?7 _/ O+ b
101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 n$ v3 i. J. j 102. Prisoners’ strike
5 L7 g! ~8 t* a0 x" M& j2 W 103. Craft strike
; ?" t! t' \* U l& h 104. Professional strike
6 h3 w& I. H# G6 ?2 ~0 e1 w& \9 c4 Y% N `2 B4 b2 |8 o% S
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
) I* s ?7 e* K k$ D* n; F 105. Establishment strike% O2 E9 z% F/ K# T
106. Industry strike
' b& h* a0 C( M0 n; ~ 107. Sympathetic strike
6 R5 F4 V# C7 y! c. X( p# R! o" a) \+ j- ]/ F$ e
Restricted Strikes8 s+ a: v6 m6 N, ?. C( ]$ j
108. Detailed strike
+ _; [8 R% M2 Y: y6 h4 ~ 109. Bumper strike
( ^2 S) ]" m/ j3 x 110. Slowdown strike' B4 j+ S1 _8 I, p* x
111. Working-to-rule strike3 _. i# t, O, u5 C* M6 g
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 F# N5 _1 b8 |$ p7 G, V' o( S 113. Strike by resignation# F- g5 f! L* n- q
114. Limited strike v9 Q8 f' V6 L
115. Selective strike
# s+ R1 \; j5 x. \. a' J9 Z5 S( N5 ]+ g
Multi-Industry Strikes) N. @6 _! S1 z: N9 n3 C# |
F7 Z+ ^4 ]2 D8 |" i1 x- }5 U0 c 116. Generalized strike8 Y, k7 W' _& A9 ?, M6 o
- t( t1 k6 A W3 J
117. General strike4 w7 d0 E/ y! \- s# t! x2 _6 ?
" W, e/ E) G, I) A, h
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures/ i9 L6 X$ ?0 x' L2 I
4 z e, O5 |( R1 |1 m6 A0 ~ 118. Hartal
W0 v1 ?- w( b: A. x
2 Y( C( C& _6 K 119. Economic shutdown5 Y1 P9 x7 ] N: J8 k) N3 y
6 G1 L( a# b5 p4 G: L9 V# x
! S% D" t' q8 V8 [9 n9 V
! P9 G! z! M: o- }THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION9 v! j7 Q5 Q4 b& [3 k9 b( ?( V
! f- C- L( V8 g# }
4 M! ?, e' X7 U9 e/ H$ D" l5 lRejection of Authority
5 G3 a8 {, h. j4 M6 a* k F; f$ _! m 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
) R' Q; ^) r* u! g T% o 121. Refusal of public support
: ~" k/ f! u3 E4 u: U7 i 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" ^, D0 m% D3 A- q& d( u3 @
6 }# H3 I- v4 m- U4 Q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 `4 F0 J) @# H0 y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies* [6 Q+ k5 H* }# h. o/ j
124. Boycott of elections% x: `0 \0 j0 G' ~" b5 `$ Q, B4 g
125. Boycott of government employment and positions' C9 z9 u9 }, A0 {* u9 i
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 J- C- D9 a; b
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; _5 h: h4 h# M+ [8 l- ^" ^4 F 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. J( j* I- }' M/ D: W
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents; w/ M; ^; S' r6 Q, a; l
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: d! V( g; I- r7 L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. `$ }0 U0 o* g6 w* p0 X" m/ c$ c% z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
]. x% p9 A0 _. C. L2 l: X. f2 Z/ h2 M; e0 M
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 n: ?$ S: A$ T! i# v0 s6 C 133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 P0 T" b8 Z* B3 j0 j2 ?" ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 d" x8 S' E' W 135. Popular nonobedience" Y" _4 }9 K3 }: k& Z% W
136. Disguised disobedience
7 S0 s y5 [0 I7 Y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! Y; l. e& s2 j3 M R p 138. Sitdown
9 E6 P" {- [$ @0 ?' l, z/ a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
F. D7 H F- A% W3 a# D: N; A 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" S5 ^. M4 n0 @( \' D( b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 `7 ?( }* F! l+ D' P& ^) V! ?
& J' B: D. q8 W) ~/ i% Z
Action by Government Personnel& @; j, ]) P8 i( _: |) m
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 h1 Z; a* ` J/ p& P 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' {. k2 j% r- r, r2 x. g6 g) E1 L2 B+ N 144. Stalling and obstruction
0 y3 W0 I3 W+ G& h7 t8 H 145. General administrative noncooperation' N0 ?- Y5 N2 k$ b
$ H, m4 L' p) }4 d: V3 j! d
146. Judicial noncooperation5 Q* j+ N; S& o2 x) E; M, q+ h; ^
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents9 Y2 S) Z3 F, M" r4 Y* p
148. Mutiny# f6 G( F6 e- L0 Q0 Q
Domestic Governmental Action/ L2 r, D6 e6 Z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ ~( f" F f- n- C% i2 P
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 S9 G- r3 b. ]3 [$ x4 ~1 D) f( o% p
. U+ q" @# @ c+ o) ]/ _1 qInternational Governmental Action
9 J% _ i7 E! ^ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
0 f) O9 k* P1 J/ N5 b 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: o+ U& G. b5 o# b0 ~8 @9 [
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 j. h% b; U a8 _3 W0 p5 E
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' s. R3 Q S! {. g( q$ T 155. Withdrawal from international organizations) D. y8 t; i. t6 | l5 O. U: w
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; x% w0 S' F2 [" H' G
157. Expulsion from international organizations
! C1 T- G1 \( g; \. O6 g& a' t: h1 w$ c( J; t- N6 g
5 e; ? L+ }- O8 b/ G$ w3 A/ p
4 ]. v5 o' l! b# Q: x: OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
* w, j' h2 ?" m! i3 P
+ ?. f' {5 U2 j( K% f4 O
! @$ u. [$ K" v/ g* Q5 ^Psychological Intervention6 V+ L. T) }: B7 @; G6 s4 H5 I
158. Self-exposure to the elements
: L. s" ?' M+ E `& K 159. The fast$ ]+ [4 g2 [' X* R: d1 e8 |( M
a) Fast of moral pressure
/ C; `4 S" N; Q y# _' w$ v3 W5 V b) Hunger strike
1 w$ Q; R' N: ?1 J5 I4 E c) Satyagrahic fast# _7 o; ^+ K9 K# V/ B
160. Reverse trial
/ Y1 x; U$ ]6 Q5 _$ o 161. Nonviolent harassment3 j: v9 r' v' C8 D0 D) M5 g8 U
+ C6 w2 V* }5 G& E" i- @
Physical Intervention6 J2 ?, T o$ f+ v! ^9 O
162. Sit-in2 V% e. R5 _" z- ?( S) n$ T
163. Stand-in, E4 t3 E6 Y D% Y3 T. s+ d$ N2 i' K
164. Ride-in
5 ?) R; d7 P% w6 ^9 ^( T1 ~ 165. Wade-in* W8 N# J+ {; W& n P8 K7 D* C# f2 f* E
166. Mill-in
. v% t9 J+ \, q. r: G 167. Pray-in
/ s; g' |5 o2 J8 H4 M 168. Nonviolent raids
7 o" v- O; A9 f6 T: Q 169. Nonviolent air raids
2 g8 B% n# \; W% }' i0 e 170. Nonviolent invasion( a7 u$ i; h7 \
171. Nonviolent interjection% m/ p0 L5 ]: P$ Q6 t" I1 a) l0 ^! I
172. Nonviolent obstruction
X: m0 o' T6 E. a- g/ N Q% V1 H 173. Nonviolent occupation& w/ n3 U; x9 Z0 u0 w* A. R
* H5 L; \- b' ?" s+ BSocial Intervention9 S+ k, O% p! z) o* W
174. Establishing new social patterns% a1 E- H0 B. K2 j* g; _* R
175. Overloading of facilities
3 B6 e8 x4 G2 a7 P; E( t. h 176. Stall-in
2 z7 Q6 V% k" W+ v* [9 n- w 177. Speak-in
' H( X/ v1 g% e2 H 178. Guerrilla theater" F/ {) c( D' t' Y+ X
179. Alternative social institutions8 f, d' O" T0 ?# {0 K8 o N
180. Alternative communication system2 N" m# M5 n9 ]
' l3 }& V& v [) H/ t. R
Economic Intervention
% Y7 ^" G# ^& M8 a9 A Y 181. Reverse strike
. G+ f, U1 v M7 T( C 182. Stay-in strike
7 i3 p3 j0 D5 X7 w1 g 183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 L- w& v P8 ~0 s 184. Defiance of blockades# X9 i% E( I9 e+ o' a5 l. H
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting H1 B, z; H+ x4 ?
186. Preclusive purchasing; A5 d2 B9 X9 Q# E) i+ X
187. Seizure of assets
; {5 r. Y* {0 U, n 188. Dumping; [9 i1 r2 {0 @* r9 d8 @' d$ k
189. Selective patronage# y) z2 ^/ Z' Z/ _$ P' v
190. Alternative markets" R; |+ e# n) X" ~7 t X# B$ H
191. Alternative transportation systems# ?6 M+ E8 w8 O
192. Alternative economic institutions) _: Y) u% b& _" [
/ c) U3 O& ? N6 o
Political Intervention
0 e- Y4 K' F; b/ I 193. Overloading of administrative systems( f: y- g+ h8 V# y6 T8 G, Z2 B, B
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 H/ q- Z6 _+ l5 }- @
195. Seeking imprisonment
0 U: G8 ]1 |* c, j4 u. |7 `1 c 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) Z; { `2 Z! u$ T+ s 197. Work-on without collaboration
$ t' p: A* B" V( V 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
+ O7 u' y5 ~2 B3 L) _; J" I
@$ ~" p/ ?2 d |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
