 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 w0 ?6 @; l* R! G \+ l+ X! tFormal Statements
) v& A. N4 k; Y& U 1. Public Speeches; G) x8 A, N& `1 y5 ^( o% z8 `
2. Letters of opposition or support; t8 B) ^/ K' y2 ]
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 k; K) ~5 Z& R* H; M- Z
4. Signed public statements
/ }; F" h4 I# b; X& Z9 ~/ M 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, G8 N4 [$ u- @. W0 x( B 6. Group or mass petitions
$ {& V' p2 I2 q, E+ f, N# `, ]. ^ A/ I' |& A Q6 y0 d. @
Communications with a Wider Audience
7 H) I3 ~8 [) s% q" S6 P8 f 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; \ P, w& V% h; p/ ^5 [ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: K: f$ a& R' z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 [- c' y( r) H+ Z5 {2 Z 10. Newspapers and journals
" X6 h6 T) j; T! { 11. Records, radio, and television- l. @* a' M' p( F: E6 t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting) K& e5 P4 {4 W# I2 K1 Z
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Group Representations. d( `+ }$ U$ P* @2 n9 d8 v4 g }
13. Deputations( i# ]9 I9 r' R- K
14. Mock awards m# `0 e0 }5 t0 Q, M
15. Group lobbying3 Y# \% z0 R' f: I' ?+ Q6 Y
16. Picketing! N5 I- j% z; ?9 }
17. Mock elections, A/ K Y% c: a" x' e
! `! J) b7 y1 T. v2 i/ ISymbolic Public Acts: v; {% \$ n! O
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 M6 r4 ]+ h2 m8 E1 h% }+ i/ r3 W
19. Wearing of symbols( N; v) ?. ]3 i( F& l# L3 B
20. Prayer and worship
9 p6 T& Q: F2 u" A. F7 ^ 21. Delivering symbolic objects$ ~2 z. Z4 o; i' N5 v+ g
22. Protest disrobings
+ b J* X! y8 _" C# b& C- l 23. Destruction of own property
1 Z! |. t8 ~/ L/ v1 q, k5 F0 B8 g 24. Symbolic lights( x* M" t6 o0 A" R6 q
25. Displays of portraits
2 c4 w9 V# F" q- g" K 26. Paint as protest# t4 w7 a8 i( k7 ]3 M
27. New signs and names
4 V2 y& g$ [; G4 Q- Z8 P7 H5 u9 [9 o 28. Symbolic sounds
3 ]4 s: \, m! |5 W 29. Symbolic reclamations
" O. v2 u; M2 ^: R1 n 30. Rude gestures6 { A( i+ Y9 Y/ h" g
+ F8 L. x, b6 Q' _# hPressures on Individuals
8 l5 ~, I5 o9 D# F3 j/ p/ {* t 31. “Haunting” officials* D9 }5 m& E& y; }
32. Taunting officials
6 K6 B5 n) N. B! A- V 33. Fraternization, \( x/ w+ q3 ^0 P
34. Vigils
. [2 H% F, v/ Q! _ A# i5 K% t4 [( m+ k9 D. T g+ Z0 X
Drama and Music
$ r1 }" x0 G# @1 g 35. Humorous skits and pranks3 ?0 J% [% H" p1 x2 O- L1 P$ h
36. Performances of plays and music
. k" r" X4 m" Q2 | 37. Singing
: W- l; F# e: Q. D, ] {3 k% O5 M* r. k
Processions8 ?' [ F7 r2 _: X* y# W
38. Marches% J! B# U4 q1 O6 f9 ~% E
39. Parades
6 @( l$ W) c o: f j 40. Religious processions3 a4 {5 I$ ~. Z' l# @
41. Pilgrimages1 ]! A& n2 B2 l
42. Motorcades
: W% W- X4 Q( h" A4 A; E3 @
8 Z3 ^ M8 C* G8 S( u; XHonoring the Dead
$ S4 k8 `3 F/ ]3 i5 i 43. Political mourning
$ [0 B7 @( j$ X 44. Mock funerals# ~. I2 U3 h1 D5 H6 e1 T
45. Demonstrative funerals2 @- a5 X% I5 Y* Y, {5 k
46. Homage at burial places/ o- u! e. U% l4 n' a& z
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Public Assemblies
8 a) U* h5 F, x( A 47. Assemblies of protest or support) M S$ z1 J0 m5 }
48. Protest meetings
% e# H# v1 o: R2 a3 H 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 j% [- ~7 C- B" p
50. Teach-ins# A8 X6 @* z+ [
' G# d) C2 C' I! {0 V+ b, DWithdrawal and Renunciation
2 n0 Q. w1 @- C4 I) Y 51. Walk-outs0 ~2 \& @0 c6 y) j
52. Silence) u2 G3 u! U7 m& F4 g
53. Renouncing honors
9 Z5 c8 k* y8 G( e# ^) C 54. Turning one’s back; s8 o- A" E i: d; m; w
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* U Z2 d1 y. I4 D5 a
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4 r9 \& _# d* K+ _! |) `2 W5 C2 f7 h( S$ p% L
Ostracism of Persons
/ X3 s+ v. M- M 55. Social boycott" x7 ~9 k& w& ?
56. Selective social boycott
& `4 S5 m; W: X/ N3 V 57. Lysistratic nonaction( o; T& j: Z$ p
58. Excommunication; {! e1 P" O- F) d" ?/ d6 ?+ V
59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ d' _0 B( x! L# ` [4 @
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 c8 E) a9 s2 I# F 61. Boycott of social affairs
+ m; N, ~1 c; e- q5 x; e$ l( Y 62. Student strike0 b- I3 f l6 I1 ^1 p# t; }+ |
63. Social disobedience/ L$ r, o7 ^! H5 q) W
64. Withdrawal from social institutions" H& x5 }& O0 G# z$ E
! ^6 U8 }( i- r2 l1 \4 Q4 y( f
Withdrawal from the Social System c/ L2 l% D) E
65. Stay-at-home3 w" }3 H7 o. `# f
66. Total personal noncooperation) A1 v7 e+ Q5 |! Q
67. “Flight” of workers5 u4 ?" C* R; b2 S* v( T
68. Sanctuary
- `1 P* {) a( u, j6 J5 d8 J 69. Collective disappearance% c/ ~8 `, X8 c( x9 v3 h
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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# ?" g g; ^- o z2 `9 kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" m4 W0 U2 e" D/ o4 z: [( b' B
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6 }+ }; C) J C& BActions by Consumers
* Y G8 ^ z6 z& C4 C 71. Consumers’ boycott
7 z! U8 G7 i; K8 D" O: t3 D3 C 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" S7 T) G9 Z: [ A' U
73. Policy of austerity/ L5 Z/ s# C4 h T. U% y
74. Rent withholding
; F/ s. p P; H1 D 75. Refusal to rent
# G( A( k% l+ P7 O. F2 e5 v5 J9 |2 E 76. National consumers’ boycott
6 f# |+ E; a3 i/ Y1 r; D 77. International consumers’ boycott; d, ?: \1 ]6 @0 a0 s( C
$ `8 S! `: C# a' r" |; T4 H
Action by Workers and Producers) m. b& ~0 ?* v( A
78. Workmen’s boycott1 [, k: o+ `& _, c1 z+ Z. h4 Q, K
79. Producers’ boycott
" y! O/ y* g c/ Z& |7 n/ s
! b' d, G( v/ t! l# IAction by Middlemen
; V& [. x; X4 g& q/ F5 k 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# l* K7 ]* d; `7 q9 c
2 L3 F7 V. \0 G. o+ L8 dAction by Owners and Management! W3 b2 X$ n4 A; t$ S$ G
81. Traders’ boycott( y5 }$ R5 P5 s% }5 h; X
82. Refusal to let or sell property
% h7 _8 o$ n+ ]- e D$ a9 O4 w. K 83. Lockout
, J6 O8 e# @& Z; X$ Q' I Z. e5 M 84. Refusal of industrial assistance) F5 b2 G+ ?# u5 c) A$ O
85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ I* _) T/ v# g4 t
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources7 q) w2 s& H3 v, A& Z3 E
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# n# z- {( s7 }0 v5 Z 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ _5 s/ [1 F+ l 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" E# ?: [& j1 ~: T( f0 w% Y
89. Severance of funds and credit
9 ^1 @! N' s- k" D' G 90. Revenue refusal/ d+ u2 r, `6 R- ^! _
91. Refusal of a government’s money
0 v0 _, Y5 X4 t3 J$ K* `; n1 @9 y! ~% I& r% }8 i! M
Action by Governments
# C Z: i4 f. P; ^+ S 92. Domestic embargo0 p0 R8 e1 Z/ A" g+ d# L/ X% o
93. Blacklisting of traders3 M& s0 {( W9 R. S( ~
94. International sellers’ embargo
! z2 j) e3 N8 `* U2 y 95. International buyers’ embargo
( d8 `$ I. b* y3 D0 O 96. International trade embargo3 w: t3 ~: H& | y, C
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. c% G K. h4 f& c* HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 e1 ]% R O \5 t4 E
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1 h- @# P' p( J* O8 ZSymbolic Strikes4 y z- f; t: c6 }
97. Protest strike/ s8 N5 b6 O& { g4 V& U
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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Agricultural Strikes
5 ~: w5 K; H! k4 z1 u' J 99. Peasant strike3 s! p5 X/ ~" Q8 w# n9 k6 j2 |
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 s5 q" b2 x2 C) T" b
" x0 b1 g# g7 c1 R+ Q9 CStrikes by Special Groups0 i: j+ C! ~+ ~% d3 E
101. Refusal of impressed labor
N8 V4 G. F( G( k" v& l E 102. Prisoners’ strike
/ Y% g+ ] A6 O. c 103. Craft strike
- N0 d+ A; Z P2 q 104. Professional strike8 N# v P, [; T4 M } s, k- M% [
5 @# z% Y; q) w1 Y- H9 ?( a4 o8 a1 F
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
$ K( t) e/ I3 B( Q% d V' X, j 105. Establishment strike$ ]3 s, I E) f$ R
106. Industry strike
1 \2 O" \5 M8 E" U) q) x 107. Sympathetic strike% E3 `7 b0 i, p/ y; M" p
7 e. q' c! x9 Q) z4 j
Restricted Strikes& z/ i+ I, m% a* J! g
108. Detailed strike
9 D( r: p8 ]2 X8 I6 r5 w3 ~6 e 109. Bumper strike" u6 z5 G$ @1 x _# O4 [* p% L
110. Slowdown strike
( a2 W/ b' E) o+ U8 K# N4 Q# c 111. Working-to-rule strike
5 E% c% \' y: X" i" p" ^. w 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ q5 i$ s7 B1 f! S) P$ ?6 c% ?
113. Strike by resignation
0 c7 t9 U8 M& y# i! A) F 114. Limited strike
l# @$ c r. R$ A2 b1 `% W 115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
0 g' C7 j2 `( |, ~# q& s+ t
0 s. Q! s' m/ l: k- y% D 116. Generalized strike: W" ^3 n1 k8 M4 q8 z8 z
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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, l+ }- E9 T. ` J, D" m4 c2 L
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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' z9 v. @ Z) _: k6 S# w- oRejection of Authority
( d7 a9 }9 u) ?: m 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
2 Q& W) B: g4 C) T Y0 c# E4 { 121. Refusal of public support2 N' I/ u5 N- M9 w' @. k: ?
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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0 t8 n" T" s: NCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government! K$ w5 |0 q, f
123. Boycott of legislative bodies% U1 ?9 m4 M; U! M, h2 ~4 w
124. Boycott of elections
6 | O8 g6 F8 H5 q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions- T4 q4 l) a' y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
7 J* D$ l; a4 \, U3 r) b: M 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 d/ k) d- S: Y" A
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 b! d* P( {3 Y& o U( f! F 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 r% m) _, n R/ F9 C 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ ^- a" G& ` n) j9 ?$ q2 ^& {; ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) S. z0 a2 `$ O
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 W+ A+ _8 X9 g& L2 i' J" d3 P. @. Q+ C% e
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ E9 U$ N1 g3 [0 s 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 p, h# E/ G: U 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( q1 t( o4 o' u& G8 Z3 R( \
135. Popular nonobedience
/ o0 }9 ^9 X5 Z8 p% f# v 136. Disguised disobedience0 C2 K1 \* M. S9 n' ]3 n: [# p; [: {' d
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 \& f9 m. K% z# ~ 138. Sitdown* X3 n! q7 Y! c$ v, s, {
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 @/ u$ m, \! R/ h9 o
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 T$ H& x$ [' x3 X- l% c! e* m1 _) G- ?' r 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 K) C: D$ P# u. s) F( |* E- a, u/ [6 @$ ^' B$ B" N
Action by Government Personnel
# Z) m$ U$ a3 S% I 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ K: j$ y& k) F( ] 143. Blocking of lines of command and information/ |0 [& f- j; f# @: b. m5 ]
144. Stalling and obstruction
" ?; b/ F2 n, R8 J$ k0 y; G 145. General administrative noncooperation
1 P/ d2 v2 O. {; y
8 x( i: e( R# b+ d1 w3 }1 u 146. Judicial noncooperation# ~/ c& q; A i; D0 V
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 o+ y; y5 L8 M; z 148. Mutiny- m" w, c2 O, V [/ K* {
Domestic Governmental Action
0 q, _$ W, W4 R- C+ X 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ o; r" J4 Y5 t5 C0 E; | 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
% l0 q' R+ v2 `5 ~5 ~* Q1 }( I7 H% v& y8 r) E
International Governmental Action
7 u; j+ z# ^3 m1 ~ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* `! L' D/ j+ B 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, J7 u* F7 U( r# k0 e* A
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
v4 P2 {- o, W" ^- [ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 Y9 ^& l6 Z! i# B 155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 n9 T& n4 D6 j, F* e" J5 U
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies# U3 A6 L- I, Y4 T/ M; I
157. Expulsion from international organizations9 j- B! d0 C1 j* z9 k! Q9 f# N
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8 ^2 ]# c# b+ d- P% x0 P9 L. b' cTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* K- D) e* {: g
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7 ]' Z9 q5 A5 B9 n3 x3 VPsychological Intervention5 V# {4 l& \ F0 A; U: U+ X
158. Self-exposure to the elements t+ D% Z) K5 d' A3 V* G% L' U
159. The fast
/ Q F# f" o, v7 W+ H a) Fast of moral pressure7 r- U7 p R8 @# h4 B' U4 q' }8 E
b) Hunger strike
# b, r/ D9 b f( s4 E c) Satyagrahic fast1 I% f, v: M9 d% J& a) U
160. Reverse trial
, ?" T o( |' X; O* j! A 161. Nonviolent harassment0 S. y6 r0 F' x, I: O9 v* ]
* c; B/ e' Y1 r2 N0 a3 D
Physical Intervention
1 k5 x$ z# n8 M- e: ]" R; s1 T 162. Sit-in
. p4 p$ E8 L0 U6 ^ 163. Stand-in& I; y w, S. m# J0 V- l
164. Ride-in
! T& T1 t& u; P# I; l& W( v* O 165. Wade-in
6 S( v# B7 K- X7 W0 ` 166. Mill-in/ Z3 ^# w0 X, l$ j
167. Pray-in1 q8 r* Y U* b& K; I4 Y
168. Nonviolent raids. \+ U7 X# n* R T( V7 |9 d! r. h
169. Nonviolent air raids
, W0 m) w2 [$ Y8 O. A' m 170. Nonviolent invasion
( t+ e2 K( j% [ 171. Nonviolent interjection
- Y# j5 ~! \5 S* F2 B 172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ F* o7 u, ^7 y2 Z# ~# q 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention+ t+ S4 }5 O0 |4 ]+ A
174. Establishing new social patterns
: S3 ]1 W0 [% i$ W& T 175. Overloading of facilities
3 h) Y% b9 U* _9 w% N: Q, \7 t( [ 176. Stall-in
: o% ~. q6 ~2 n2 N8 t' m# M 177. Speak-in' Q% @" g7 Z% i+ P
178. Guerrilla theater
6 m. S( Y+ A0 d* O' D$ b3 ^ 179. Alternative social institutions
4 K, d3 S8 l' }7 Z) b: [ 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention( z. D# Q$ p$ X6 B# D! j d
181. Reverse strike% L7 n1 ^& w6 [$ N7 {
182. Stay-in strike
0 ?. y: S8 G. j" L+ @# p0 A 183. Nonviolent land seizure9 v; U% _* C& t M; ?
184. Defiance of blockades
2 [8 `3 R5 M o 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 f0 }& w. L3 {) ^7 M$ G- H 186. Preclusive purchasing% G4 G- [6 y3 [2 y7 g; a
187. Seizure of assets: o" h$ X6 V5 R2 J6 e( P e; t
188. Dumping$ G# M1 ?" k; d# d) ^8 Y
189. Selective patronage: x9 p O' h7 Z3 ? `$ h$ i( T
190. Alternative markets
* P7 q$ W6 p& X) k, e; q 191. Alternative transportation systems7 ]) X( l- L7 c1 Z& H/ H m
192. Alternative economic institutions; v# j0 h4 E* P) c5 z
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Political Intervention
' b1 {$ f, T" U4 Z: w5 d9 C% I: u 193. Overloading of administrative systems7 ~" t5 r! r& c# [
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 q; w( |4 _ y: B# U+ Y 195. Seeking imprisonment2 Y) g$ ~8 ^# L1 P6 r1 Z# P) A
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& |: m: i3 D% H: P; {
197. Work-on without collaboration5 W- m1 d; R& R/ b4 _: L6 t
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
