 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, V% P/ N( L2 k c& K) AFormal Statements8 |$ s& s" ~# }# ?
1. Public Speeches: S: Y' F, r( H2 |8 S4 G- k
2. Letters of opposition or support2 a; L2 l3 r/ C+ X
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ ^) T- }+ n; k0 K- ?
4. Signed public statements
. X9 G/ O, b, s 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 U( Y8 c! \1 z2 j8 S# y 6. Group or mass petitions
# u/ v" |# l* r" [2 x
2 n% `( K+ z) X2 f& b, cCommunications with a Wider Audience! t% l3 M _: e# W
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" m- L- }- _* | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. E2 e. Q5 U' ^6 l2 t 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books' Y/ j+ c2 ?; U( q; B L
10. Newspapers and journals
' ^' x9 @* e4 U8 E& R' i 11. Records, radio, and television
8 k/ q4 P% b# o' z1 T r2 U 12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 ]& t" s; A, s: \: A2 d
; v" P+ M# _. j6 T a0 S( X
Group Representations
- g& a* E! g4 S, A7 n7 @( p 13. Deputations: r& `) h" w3 y1 ~+ t% u
14. Mock awards
8 b! \; b6 K3 V+ ^' `3 n; A" J 15. Group lobbying1 F# ^& \- }5 C8 S' _7 D7 I2 O
16. Picketing
# d# F; [1 s& t: i; U 17. Mock elections# @: u% P" k. `0 S7 h+ L3 `6 T* f
, v: r: ~( Q/ ]( sSymbolic Public Acts; ^# B7 E0 v8 U5 g) U
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 \9 R# }6 L. N- k9 w! Q 19. Wearing of symbols
! s" p+ A1 [, ~/ [& I7 t8 R 20. Prayer and worship
5 `: E x0 I2 \% Z$ h6 `( \ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
" G2 \( |$ _+ p 22. Protest disrobings' v' B8 a- z/ H( r: u+ }, e4 J
23. Destruction of own property
, |% ^* b3 G ^" x: K 24. Symbolic lights# h1 i3 _# i U6 l2 `# W
25. Displays of portraits
' f" e# z; B, ]5 U1 o 26. Paint as protest, f/ P+ U* j1 O: y, |4 F
27. New signs and names
( }# C% {! {* g3 [$ b 28. Symbolic sounds
- d' M7 r& X5 r0 O; A/ Z6 e; m 29. Symbolic reclamations
, B5 @2 b3 j& |6 f" v1 ]. i4 w 30. Rude gestures) Q) k( [: U; {# c9 O* a- `) w
+ y% @7 D8 K/ d! V7 T3 APressures on Individuals
( D6 M- r7 o7 G: o% R 31. “Haunting” officials
+ x; C% T1 k0 y* _# q8 Y 32. Taunting officials
& q' N: n- ~! z6 O/ B5 C 33. Fraternization- i. H }4 R5 u# S5 v
34. Vigils
2 ?( S) H/ X9 s! q1 |
* k$ j& D* \* u; j; P) S9 qDrama and Music
" a d: z: k) p7 H! w5 K 35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 e% `; J+ ^# ~+ R6 D o- M 36. Performances of plays and music
9 k2 n* Y. w' k2 O* r 37. Singing% l# [6 A% N" a4 Q5 ?
& x& V2 D8 v* a, a% E# ?Processions: ^4 J1 T( g* s$ a2 J F
38. Marches
- @: H# I t% s- q* b5 T! L, w 39. Parades$ X" Z; j8 Z* s; x0 |: W
40. Religious processions1 B6 ]- X( Z* q/ V x
41. Pilgrimages% j' I( e, O/ U6 B7 H0 W) B8 U
42. Motorcades4 }' a0 Q8 r- n$ @% J; R
3 q$ q: g h0 P& E, Q: P: aHonoring the Dead
2 F1 H: u8 }& r2 M) J& W 43. Political mourning/ @& @ ^$ m/ @2 X% L
44. Mock funerals1 S, H+ b P0 P# w/ z# |! Q
45. Demonstrative funerals7 G; `) G, a# }) Q1 P
46. Homage at burial places" r5 @# R9 a1 F* w K% R# J |* T
& @1 w3 \' X$ d, T- ~) {: W5 d6 O. OPublic Assemblies
, i+ \5 h+ U* b/ O3 x' z( o# ]! P- Y 47. Assemblies of protest or support2 h6 k! ]' n" |$ a
48. Protest meetings
2 C! n/ H5 A: c' m- ? 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, x; s) x" s1 I% [2 M. U2 \2 V 50. Teach-ins
8 o- m" Z# z8 m+ T1 N4 Z
) }/ ~4 | V( X# M% tWithdrawal and Renunciation
/ x% B4 ]# i: D4 [3 I/ ^ 51. Walk-outs1 G' v0 M+ e) y! i4 Q+ {
52. Silence" N5 g3 \* q1 o3 R# y
53. Renouncing honors; Z& f! r& \, t
54. Turning one’s back8 K9 v$ Q) I, b
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 F8 t4 c; z0 I; k & s0 {' t: S% v% d. w" t, l
4 j1 |3 s# G4 T
Ostracism of Persons3 V: x: N R/ o ]
55. Social boycott! r9 i* U5 L4 K" M6 w0 m- f' R
56. Selective social boycott2 _- N" s% N6 ?# F i6 y
57. Lysistratic nonaction( N! J5 I7 b0 p. r" d* K
58. Excommunication" C: L) d L6 f+ _* D
59. Interdict2 P# R0 _* p9 \" W( a: y: w5 F
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
t7 i& C. V h' K/ S5 w* D 60. Suspension of social and sports activities3 v' h( }: Y, Y6 v& K+ v" H9 R
61. Boycott of social affairs4 ~. @1 y I Y/ d8 g1 T& I/ k0 z5 |
62. Student strike9 W9 q. Z( w" o' M1 h4 q
63. Social disobedience
4 R1 G' G) t2 o1 d# v& L/ i; l 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' c' M5 g& e4 K' l$ P" f9 A! Q( x2 b
& f/ b% T7 {1 R7 D3 _% uWithdrawal from the Social System! I* k2 ]3 Y" x: ^- n+ f
65. Stay-at-home6 `* C& ^1 b7 l: x" H
66. Total personal noncooperation
# R m! w. l8 z' j* q: ^& W- F 67. “Flight” of workers
1 s. r |6 M6 T, z+ {# K ^ 68. Sanctuary o! \- y) O5 H- W- P
69. Collective disappearance) M* J- [2 C) L' C$ ]( R8 g
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)* U N0 [% A/ Z& T9 S
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$ A3 c. r6 a& n$ w9 z: L5 v7 nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# q* O( ?/ {0 R
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Actions by Consumers$ c* `' W) T4 T) A1 ^$ [
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 `$ g& y3 A$ ] M4 l 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ {( e6 f% Z& a3 X$ P 73. Policy of austerity
" n4 K# x4 Q5 @( t6 D 74. Rent withholding( V( w- c5 z, P
75. Refusal to rent$ V' V7 M, s% ]6 F$ B
76. National consumers’ boycott
1 C& x. t) k! R% j, c 77. International consumers’ boycott
5 i0 b4 y# K; m5 B4 U
5 L& V: x6 e7 Y9 k" RAction by Workers and Producers
. I) [6 E1 _- Z 78. Workmen’s boycott
& F7 |% g4 I, y6 K6 M0 x. a 79. Producers’ boycott1 A7 N1 l- n x% O
7 p9 [+ s1 W8 N6 o4 VAction by Middlemen8 W5 m' O# \+ B
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 B# T2 X5 B8 H+ I
: }( o1 \ Y) Q; F! h6 t/ Z3 A2 fAction by Owners and Management0 v) O& |0 W) i3 t
81. Traders’ boycott
& E- ?- k; h$ L8 J3 ^' q 82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 K" \, _, ^( C% y 83. Lockout
4 w B& u* u4 c% Q# p 84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 V/ l3 y% b$ n6 N
85. Merchants’ “general strike”- V3 a2 ]6 {# Y; A$ ~' f
# s7 M# `; j9 q1 n2 z7 A& EAction by Holders of Financial Resources) R9 h) |8 V& P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 [; k6 i; y, ]0 i; } 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ k) @+ ^+ t$ T" B" C
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 W+ y* ^5 }. Y8 a
89. Severance of funds and credit4 ]: H/ S/ q1 y2 Y' C
90. Revenue refusal( a1 v/ f5 e* z8 b# @
91. Refusal of a government’s money4 K. [. [* i6 x# n
8 {# ^/ F% i) b- I5 Z/ `! jAction by Governments! x: M; u9 _! e& N1 I
92. Domestic embargo
7 l$ i0 n5 M+ P7 s# r$ u/ n8 U 93. Blacklisting of traders
0 Q N8 ^) X* r7 ]. B 94. International sellers’ embargo
5 n/ b2 Q' W) N! Y9 ?' W( H: ~! Z 95. International buyers’ embargo
' ^' v& l# P+ k 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( F" b; {$ R$ m' |
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1 M5 e7 x8 G1 |$ \% ZSymbolic Strikes. N0 f7 w/ {# ~+ m0 Y% S
97. Protest strike
L. A7 i! ?: a ^/ ]: `, R4 q+ u 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 W! R j8 Y) r+ F1 O# o2 l
1 C) C7 g }* c. a3 j$ p) t+ d5 \# ? ]1 W; aAgricultural Strikes* R9 ]! K! L0 W$ S4 C1 G4 F s
99. Peasant strike8 U. j! I2 ~) i5 Z
100. Farm Workers’ strike! ?" }% E2 K9 Y: T
/ H! ?( g( s7 T% zStrikes by Special Groups ?5 B) x+ w# E' X+ b) {, x
101. Refusal of impressed labor. y8 V& \# C7 {3 Q, E
102. Prisoners’ strike
/ P+ `9 v) W3 ~6 r 103. Craft strike) U& M! b Y# L
104. Professional strike1 B0 M Z( h! R/ C8 ^
6 @0 }5 ?( S. V4 N: O U+ _Ordinary Industrial Strikes
6 S3 i% k4 A& ~. ` 105. Establishment strike9 m$ ~; k1 y" b) x3 A" T
106. Industry strike
+ z0 C! u5 C2 o, q, D 107. Sympathetic strike
3 W" w8 l) b1 R2 P
# f' s5 F" d1 L2 t8 _6 VRestricted Strikes. R3 `" D3 v1 S6 ^; [
108. Detailed strike
0 r; U5 s; A3 g& f. w 109. Bumper strike
& O2 c, x4 x+ D6 @" F% Q* j 110. Slowdown strike
1 r/ e( D. l" Y 111. Working-to-rule strike9 M" X! K8 h2 S9 Z3 x
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& u" ?# h: k7 v* g5 ?' W) E- C3 h
113. Strike by resignation
& i9 ~, Q5 l9 h' t/ C, d) U+ { 114. Limited strike
# P. g7 @ Q+ e) [9 l 115. Selective strike% L7 _0 x+ i0 P$ A% X( x) z' c
( g4 X1 [4 {1 ~, pMulti-Industry Strikes" Y9 s9 U3 j- w
: {$ W3 [+ C# j# J
116. Generalized strike
+ i, p! w' L% ^6 J5 M
1 k7 p" G4 c7 ~ 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures+ X( v8 Q' r) z: I% b% U4 m1 f
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118. Hartal+ z& h5 `* ]9 G' b2 _' B( Y
4 P/ ^: q0 o, [' I# h9 f 119. Economic shutdown w. V0 t+ r/ o; Z4 K. V
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6 C8 a7 _, U4 R/ ]: N! [ \4 CTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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% p* ]( |* H4 r6 _4 d q* I d& T8 `Rejection of Authority
0 z7 }; e4 p0 t" q4 Q p- l! X: N 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 G2 @/ h; C* h2 h1 P* L 121. Refusal of public support
6 P; J1 |: y) \4 d: H5 T4 l0 a 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 q: w+ H, j2 `. M) O6 C
5 C( ]1 M: }( ?" F, |Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
3 Y) x, \" E& I$ \1 r1 Y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% e5 f2 }6 p3 J8 k
124. Boycott of elections
& j+ E5 S/ l3 O1 g2 C 125. Boycott of government employment and positions; O0 w9 X; o% R) D9 V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 F8 ^1 w# K6 h6 t1 g 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* M. p6 K: |) V+ Y3 O% L) _" g 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; F, u6 \/ |- Y8 k6 K4 l# W 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 x1 N9 o% |* ?3 x! { 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, Y- r, G6 \* V& N) Q" e# d 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 h1 d5 G- k7 a
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& E) C8 k r8 k) w5 }7 z
: v- P- w7 Z0 Z4 d3 VCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 X3 V0 t, ~, Z- s& ? C. x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 Z% U2 H2 Q0 k9 A
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision h5 t/ h% D# L0 p0 P
135. Popular nonobedience
& T: P6 |, d5 v/ Q4 z 136. Disguised disobedience0 R6 }: I Q$ Q! L1 I
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& q6 v, d: n# Q. U 138. Sitdown8 Y; \2 u! m6 m9 X+ }9 G$ Q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 Q- q% E7 a* ]$ Y4 p8 @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, _. {9 ]1 p7 S
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. b0 v4 n2 k1 L( ~& d0 j/ _3 a; ]8 }' w. L/ T' f; L
Action by Government Personnel
6 i( f4 O2 U+ W& ?& G: d4 a 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
, \; v2 P0 _/ u; p. ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 u, V/ v9 @( {% i3 X 144. Stalling and obstruction
+ l" T1 L. y# l% m- m5 J7 D( { 145. General administrative noncooperation
2 G5 t& E! C. |
$ Y9 v& H# r& c9 P O; l; b 146. Judicial noncooperation
; @% b: N6 D/ `6 `8 S 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( o$ ^6 ^, r }8 ` w- d: ~& R& ~
148. Mutiny
1 Z, F% L+ ~9 v9 ?. l# XDomestic Governmental Action
6 b% C6 a _8 c& C 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# i* N; C& m* V6 F4 e5 s5 m( o 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
' S8 h1 V1 L4 j9 Z- ]) g3 v6 \) q+ R4 i, E
International Governmental Action
2 |8 {( t% Y% X7 _4 Q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; E/ K# V3 y" X% C o 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ w5 x3 ~ t% {4 V) m, a' N% I# j
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition- S" k2 ]& R1 q6 Z# T* Z+ _ e8 `. d
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& n3 H# z# T, X! d 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( J) T# F+ s D! Q3 Z; Z4 Y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( R4 y8 R8 C. { 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ J6 _9 V h6 _/ H* {( {- G
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# M% e( r( Y- p! oPsychological Intervention
2 W# I7 ~1 i( b# I0 A8 X# W5 m 158. Self-exposure to the elements
- | |* Z4 D) j& Q- `+ {, }: @ 159. The fast9 y$ K5 q/ k7 M: F% H* p
a) Fast of moral pressure6 B7 b5 T5 T1 M
b) Hunger strike( R% R7 }& \" z U! G
c) Satyagrahic fast
- i: s4 @4 k+ c5 j8 V; e! A 160. Reverse trial* N, q; M+ o8 u/ ]" `
161. Nonviolent harassment, B8 n+ C2 R4 h" M/ h
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Physical Intervention
) E: \$ @' {) v& G0 r: N g+ E4 B# }0 ? 162. Sit-in& V" Q+ V& g- R8 E
163. Stand-in/ w: ^8 v5 I% F1 d3 K
164. Ride-in8 J4 n# T n, V( A7 m7 V
165. Wade-in
- G& n- r: `% w 166. Mill-in' M! `) m1 u' u4 Y) s2 A: Y8 {
167. Pray-in% j: r5 A! `* j6 J8 x' a3 J
168. Nonviolent raids; N& R; r. J# b! t
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 h$ Q5 f8 [: z* m0 B7 \8 [# {" k9 A 170. Nonviolent invasion. g% D N1 L- J- H3 V
171. Nonviolent interjection! K" r) w& K9 s ?/ j2 M
172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ P. q1 T9 X M7 V9 S) m 173. Nonviolent occupation4 Z! y; T+ m9 ]" l3 Y L- i3 o
( ?$ b; j" g2 ? s; o( D( rSocial Intervention3 _* C2 B4 u' g3 S8 x
174. Establishing new social patterns
) G# z3 z! J. i5 @; o7 n 175. Overloading of facilities! N. L( @! |# m% q
176. Stall-in
' g& `! U- y9 j8 U7 y 177. Speak-in$ k+ [& Z( Z3 r; k2 V. K
178. Guerrilla theater6 f y% E3 L. M2 J* e8 V/ V! `& ^
179. Alternative social institutions
! j9 H- A0 E0 a, T$ ?8 R9 r3 `, z 180. Alternative communication system
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' y+ w9 I$ ?% fEconomic Intervention/ k: e8 s3 Y$ U3 L2 [. P. B
181. Reverse strike" J( N+ \4 |1 |4 a
182. Stay-in strike
( ~$ ~, p& i' m- p1 {" j. {8 g' ~ 183. Nonviolent land seizure% V4 `( c; D2 o
184. Defiance of blockades
$ L6 D K+ M/ I* \ q9 {( b6 i 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 Y* @( I" i& H2 X" } 186. Preclusive purchasing% E4 Q: z$ k7 Q8 Y3 ~5 k
187. Seizure of assets1 h" j7 a( i$ A) u6 z0 n
188. Dumping
* c1 S1 P6 J; d0 V6 D 189. Selective patronage
9 A% h+ f2 y7 p, [' s 190. Alternative markets5 l& ^; Q. w' Y& g4 u
191. Alternative transportation systems
3 x3 T4 `, A: T 192. Alternative economic institutions/ D, K) S8 E9 s" ?* _
$ c6 c+ v' r9 A W8 B t) Z$ \2 V
Political Intervention* r" ^1 _' n) u1 O9 Q- E
193. Overloading of administrative systems' W1 R' s5 C. s8 x( n3 G
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents X+ t8 w+ O0 P u) J7 q* j
195. Seeking imprisonment
6 j9 j- \8 ?7 n; D. u( o9 u8 \9 g/ L 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
n, i# O4 \6 Z 197. Work-on without collaboration! r; R1 O1 _# g, ]5 S5 F$ a7 V
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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