 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& ^1 ^. ^7 o2 `6 R4 d5 O, CFormal Statements+ f5 N/ v7 T* e1 L, @/ |8 H4 K
1. Public Speeches- j& C! A- V0 r2 [# D! x/ X
2. Letters of opposition or support) ]) p' T# s5 I0 ]# |
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 R; M+ e$ J3 s! } 4. Signed public statements
" K( Q3 v8 s1 J7 a3 Z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! j& B' _1 u9 D. k0 W: ]; X 6. Group or mass petitions
, V+ c" n% V0 i2 J" F; }
( _; A9 y; }2 R( v; `+ b! @( i( TCommunications with a Wider Audience9 w5 \) h5 O8 |2 ~# e Y9 K$ b
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- t! F/ }& R6 _0 S9 b6 Z' K: S 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 \% o" A5 H/ }+ j1 g" }
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. D) N" D1 k1 S. M" ^* s: A0 e
10. Newspapers and journals# P+ X$ g6 q! m
11. Records, radio, and television
8 r& E' l1 D, L4 ]9 q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 k+ d/ G7 |8 W, b" ]! I
8 d8 }1 L( b. k: jGroup Representations
% b9 C, G( r* P- g1 P9 H 13. Deputations% z, N2 Z/ U; ~0 ?
14. Mock awards
0 c# W/ q2 J# \5 R) `7 W 15. Group lobbying( W4 D: @: G+ s7 H" l0 O
16. Picketing
4 j; a4 ]( s+ f$ M$ }3 k 17. Mock elections0 d+ O6 r o' D6 G8 r6 z' a
. Z3 Z+ N X9 u6 m$ q# QSymbolic Public Acts9 A ~* Z0 {0 j8 V- C& [' x; h
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 ^- @0 w4 Y$ C 19. Wearing of symbols$ q' b0 R0 ~& i' S' h
20. Prayer and worship# p% b( ^' i; R# Z' ], Q5 X
21. Delivering symbolic objects3 `2 J8 c" W; [( s5 ] G4 c: ?
22. Protest disrobings
* F# o$ D( g* n! @ 23. Destruction of own property
1 e1 L; I$ N% n" Y3 C% v' t. c$ C 24. Symbolic lights
( X, y! d. h( R. e* G, l; W 25. Displays of portraits
9 H: ^9 |; J! ~ 26. Paint as protest! \! t8 {3 d3 g( A. _$ x0 y( j
27. New signs and names
# g; I( a1 _" Z8 U3 v! X n, O 28. Symbolic sounds8 L) |2 _9 h- O: ]
29. Symbolic reclamations
& Y$ R' [3 `5 ~5 U1 _ 30. Rude gestures
" Y) U4 _+ R; F# U! j/ Z
* |" D# U& r# f6 F& @. E" vPressures on Individuals8 A! O# j$ m+ ~- Q- t0 J; t
31. “Haunting” officials
' C- `; ~8 L0 x 32. Taunting officials
+ x( c4 L S. n; H' w 33. Fraternization0 }, m5 y3 r1 l0 }1 r# @* `2 ~
34. Vigils
3 V; |6 K& n, F2 \" n
3 d1 I& r; |# e% x, ~; SDrama and Music. o$ t/ k* H+ K. @( I/ P
35. Humorous skits and pranks) F' {, Y/ U' `8 B& y( M" k1 Z8 R1 {
36. Performances of plays and music9 h1 P+ r# X$ q/ n5 u" Z5 B7 y; a
37. Singing# T$ P1 u8 M/ J& H0 m' P/ l+ L9 X
% W: Y- R+ Y1 a A( IProcessions
3 q1 N+ |% h( ?4 ^) F6 E" p1 t 38. Marches
! z9 M9 c9 `' W4 g 39. Parades
3 x/ r, _' x G" X M+ U( u6 ~ 40. Religious processions
* e! @1 M6 N# a* h; U 41. Pilgrimages7 J; c4 s3 N8 K+ m/ y6 D W; g3 ?
42. Motorcades6 P' f6 u, m" |6 O" T8 \
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Honoring the Dead3 L* E2 E8 I* N; X
43. Political mourning6 J6 S& g5 e0 W3 ?! b
44. Mock funerals
7 R f/ u# `# F 45. Demonstrative funerals
e+ M% n" g* y) L) {0 S 46. Homage at burial places
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/ ]) O5 X) c) d/ jPublic Assemblies$ N8 L) M, _, O8 p
47. Assemblies of protest or support
C/ Y+ h! ?5 i7 u 48. Protest meetings/ r3 u, s5 O: E# q# Q: m
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
. H3 j0 h* f) ?5 Z6 w/ w7 H# o 50. Teach-ins
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' L7 f: K/ s/ o0 Z4 ^: {Withdrawal and Renunciation
* A' {; |/ y' G6 B/ B& F 51. Walk-outs
6 d" i; @+ o \2 j% P( B 52. Silence
( S2 G. R1 s. |8 s5 r) c: x( @( ^! Q4 _ 53. Renouncing honors
2 L. _1 l, H% X( R9 U4 ^" C$ r 54. Turning one’s back+ D0 p0 Y& `( P' \- b( C
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- {) b5 M* x6 a, ETHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# u+ b/ j$ ]5 i. |
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5 p3 ~# u5 {8 i' E
Ostracism of Persons
2 I+ n1 W7 M+ b3 s% R 55. Social boycott( `) {& G( N+ k1 L3 b$ R7 v
56. Selective social boycott, w3 D {" b. ^% L4 M
57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ d; n" N( `9 T7 P7 E, ? 58. Excommunication0 ~2 d3 U) _ P6 C# V9 Y
59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* c5 Q0 q; a/ A' c 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
: x M O3 B% s 61. Boycott of social affairs
) H5 ~% x$ Z$ ~$ |( s o$ W! k 62. Student strike% j) g; x% |& s9 w3 b% D
63. Social disobedience6 {5 @) N% M/ p. r- x/ p
64. Withdrawal from social institutions+ ^; O$ i( ?7 M/ X2 G( K( D; |
0 }; L) Z) l4 ]( ~: F* W3 IWithdrawal from the Social System0 [6 J2 i( i5 t6 n. Q
65. Stay-at-home/ ~4 S7 o2 V& U J
66. Total personal noncooperation
, T( F8 @; |4 } P8 o 67. “Flight” of workers2 G8 n! K2 e3 ~) s% c+ _* K7 ~
68. Sanctuary
7 k3 h! D* P! q6 h; k) Y" l4 r 69. Collective disappearance5 P# T m; g' Z" C" r
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)/ Z! `7 Z7 M2 ]# ?( y" Z6 J s
* {- [( X( X4 Y/ a* i/ G G) M' D" g4 E6 I; i8 |
7 ?# l) X$ U4 P' Y' \THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 P' R" j1 k h2 P( n8 G; O6 t5 }
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$ G: J! n* _+ W5 N9 K6 SActions by Consumers p2 }/ n0 l, e8 l, u# s& @( _0 I
71. Consumers’ boycott
$ r0 o% j7 C) d0 @6 K/ R q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 E( ~/ J# k0 t3 L, E 73. Policy of austerity
+ l( `2 y' |9 S+ } 74. Rent withholding
* P/ i& i r# u# o 75. Refusal to rent
. f4 v E# `9 T: }$ Y4 e+ o 76. National consumers’ boycott
+ ]6 h+ S$ [/ Q% D# i& M" J 77. International consumers’ boycott# h1 i. T6 ]: @
3 h5 P- r: L) e" X) tAction by Workers and Producers
0 f' i# f0 ?' d1 T7 _$ k. ~2 t: v 78. Workmen’s boycott, [2 X# O+ ^* r; o) ~, s3 t
79. Producers’ boycott0 n/ i( v( ^& \4 |
9 E7 k' B! S$ K% l
Action by Middlemen
* z/ ^) B' N/ A7 G0 I% y0 { 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 A& U+ J! V( l9 O T; h+ k
* K! B7 |9 [9 {- _! l
Action by Owners and Management6 f$ p' `1 |+ d& \' o
81. Traders’ boycott! p( n/ G4 R: @( F: l. O
82. Refusal to let or sell property
: o7 L: T" s1 X8 j: g 83. Lockout# C( t) r' f+ v% o# o
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 y+ c% T* y4 O2 k. N k 85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 h" e6 \2 K6 a. `7 t$ M2 A
% ~. J5 q- r! r. o/ _& d0 fAction by Holders of Financial Resources5 J( w6 n" S/ M; L
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# q& {: p" I1 h1 Z, H' B 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 ^, H- y; |: R0 i+ Q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 s0 V' N8 g3 e& e0 |! b
89. Severance of funds and credit
2 f% m K: _5 D; C& s 90. Revenue refusal9 W) c7 a% a" U" M5 X+ N! N
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments* L. g' U' b$ T3 p$ h$ s
92. Domestic embargo/ n6 |) j# s2 A; L2 F4 k
93. Blacklisting of traders
8 h- Z3 }% ?* _ 94. International sellers’ embargo
w6 |3 J( C7 A% E 95. International buyers’ embargo
b- \. b2 M! b 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes; L1 W/ V, J6 X F8 R) I% V
97. Protest strike
* a1 p3 R. d0 x# T 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 z: E' F! C3 a. n) q s% {$ K- f& o6 `+ h* Y
Agricultural Strikes
. }+ z& D9 {/ Y! D 99. Peasant strike
; o, T. x' B9 G4 H& M9 } 100. Farm Workers’ strike; P4 g1 E1 y; o0 Q3 V' c
. h @ h. A! }5 s0 X5 VStrikes by Special Groups
5 d& ?. e" Z* Q3 ?) C& T2 ? 101. Refusal of impressed labor: Z4 X4 g& |$ l. C8 R/ b9 C! }
102. Prisoners’ strike0 E: M" p' F$ h# v& r) S& b
103. Craft strike
& }! G1 ]! \3 O' O 104. Professional strike
( @% S& U8 E9 N* a* f1 g5 a7 J
9 f6 X% t& A) X0 w EOrdinary Industrial Strikes
. K+ F. d3 u( A9 M 105. Establishment strike; r- a( K0 o7 H/ A) P$ K
106. Industry strike
. T+ Z0 K- b& q) f: I/ M" L8 I 107. Sympathetic strike
2 d- [9 _- l X4 U* ]7 M, _' p2 d
9 A1 b" k. `4 Z! SRestricted Strikes
% e) ^$ G" t. e( T8 m: r 108. Detailed strike) s/ a' [5 w5 t5 {/ n, g5 T
109. Bumper strike ?" j$ X% `' a! e5 K: c
110. Slowdown strike
& f+ U; a Z. f i. ?( E 111. Working-to-rule strike
l( R4 G# k& h" h; [ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)* A3 }0 ~8 q3 e G" X" P
113. Strike by resignation
4 n4 s* a$ n: T: ` _% W 114. Limited strike9 j- h/ {! e- k# X c$ x: S. l
115. Selective strike
" _9 R3 Y& V' w3 _1 L# u/ q9 z2 ^* X8 o5 Y; u g1 [& \8 c5 q# t
Multi-Industry Strikes6 J# r+ e5 b4 ?
, W9 ^/ e1 r* w8 S( W 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike" v. z3 l" |. X% z* d8 K
m( G4 {: B% S q8 oCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal5 R; |$ k' |, y7 ~
1 d* m+ ^# t) o" H* ~# D
119. Economic shutdown5 S: m/ O$ ]7 M' B; u
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION2 P7 H! W e! e
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Rejection of Authority, i7 o3 X, O1 e7 x- v# Q& u
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 y+ E& r, e7 o
121. Refusal of public support
! y+ `& S/ D0 |% z: T' {; }4 Y 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
3 @3 S; d/ ~5 w! O3 |- L: P
0 ]# `/ U! J7 V H1 vCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" j5 P+ |- r% F5 e8 S 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 K, c2 x) Y: O3 Q 124. Boycott of elections; A9 p6 [" p5 f. w7 E: e% e
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 Y& z M. e: T 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
! `. s" }2 R4 }! S0 R. A 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" D: X t% g9 q* l2 Q' l% q 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& S" P5 ?, k# e* ]5 ~# p7 V& g
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 h; ]6 y* j% m 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) ^: q7 w" t& A3 q) v 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 g& J, t+ ~3 r' z( j 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ z& F" d) O$ W1 Z
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, V) B( I) N) ?: D. C; j7 m 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
4 R B2 K3 w0 a6 H7 X- a9 u 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 d1 s* _4 e; R2 B2 b) ]! m 135. Popular nonobedience
- l* C- t$ Y( P7 d1 H 136. Disguised disobedience; N) g/ T9 }' ]" j% E3 X6 f$ u/ `
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 o! ?5 g, b0 p8 U* E/ B% Y 138. Sitdown' L) |4 u. [4 R8 O9 b9 S6 ]7 x1 }8 E
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# H! y! r& z: Z2 ]4 e4 k3 ? 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- w7 g! J _" B! S0 `7 |0 M( J% Y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' X# y7 C. \ Q+ s+ G
; z( Q- D' _# X# c1 M
Action by Government Personnel
6 P' M$ U9 F0 g/ n2 @ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% c) @: Q* C$ u/ b# N$ W% @' }
143. Blocking of lines of command and information( b. r1 w2 |3 x
144. Stalling and obstruction
( {9 P+ ^9 I9 G1 C 145. General administrative noncooperation
( N5 ]* G, @3 K& T7 i- X/ J& ^2 O0 y( s
146. Judicial noncooperation: Q% d% a& D, ?( N F8 }3 T: a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents7 q9 x1 c' }. L3 t& x( _; t
148. Mutiny O, j) M% o4 f" J
Domestic Governmental Action
& H/ \( V! C; h/ M# q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, A: g) J5 Y/ S* U4 q+ W4 J% _ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 n- ]" B$ ]! ` U4 L) N
D$ i. ?; L5 G( t0 {. x' XInternational Governmental Action
( S& O; t# a/ O9 w- m 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ P9 e- a# L* ?9 O6 O# s
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 r9 K1 X+ j. g# |( t2 z$ }
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 i. Y8 h) ~: v2 k5 N
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: _! h5 v! O1 H( y- X2 u 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
) o* g, A) f5 @3 Q5 G5 O) A9 B 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 q0 N7 D6 s3 q1 k6 e. i+ G 157. Expulsion from international organizations- X$ r7 C7 c9 g3 y& j
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, G8 G6 u2 W! d( X& @9 x6 k0 o/ FTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
& Y7 S& c$ q4 X o8 X 158. Self-exposure to the elements/ D5 e7 d! p* G% W& W. g# ^7 F. o
159. The fast
6 m: N6 q5 l/ c a) Fast of moral pressure
" g- _4 W" h3 s5 b b) Hunger strike
9 U) ^+ \$ t1 U( A# v c) Satyagrahic fast
" E" X- S' n, E: A: u 160. Reverse trial0 s* K1 q" E9 z l! j( c; ]% i
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention
4 @$ e, A& ^4 s9 L6 j7 l 162. Sit-in( Y8 ]) \: Q+ n4 r7 _
163. Stand-in
, t* j) ~0 j9 f) t 164. Ride-in
, J9 [7 s6 _6 I' M+ \( ?% b! l g4 V 165. Wade-in
( N& x$ J/ O" `0 O/ O% S" @6 | 166. Mill-in
' Z9 U) @, D; {7 H8 E/ J$ n3 R3 Q$ k 167. Pray-in, X* ^" w+ K: `8 ]
168. Nonviolent raids
% `- E4 d: e; _& |: [2 q$ ` 169. Nonviolent air raids
1 e7 t0 j: Z. u7 e 170. Nonviolent invasion1 w8 o2 A' X% E. J4 U
171. Nonviolent interjection
) J. ^4 c3 d( k4 @0 W 172. Nonviolent obstruction
' r: o( {/ W8 \ 173. Nonviolent occupation
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# P( a0 v0 C; J) _# D; }Social Intervention! Q9 h0 l r& ]7 W) v# c9 o. Y
174. Establishing new social patterns
' ?% a4 b6 D W' I* m 175. Overloading of facilities
5 S9 r$ E. D0 u/ U0 ?# A) r 176. Stall-in
. d6 [7 V+ g! K; p, w- W4 Z1 H 177. Speak-in* @4 c' H: k& c! K( u
178. Guerrilla theater% M' b$ C( c" A. h! b) a4 L
179. Alternative social institutions+ ~3 I9 [! R V+ ?
180. Alternative communication system
/ ~4 S) X' R4 _/ |2 E
+ \; z0 j4 w/ D" O% S. Z0 ]$ D$ }/ GEconomic Intervention I; f3 R, N. S' Q, m! X- G
181. Reverse strike3 Y4 \6 s) Y; c9 |% R5 s/ C
182. Stay-in strike9 t. c6 F2 p" l: f: d0 t
183. Nonviolent land seizure% J/ n p5 m, l
184. Defiance of blockades) B* c( M' P) }1 U- ~5 G6 j8 y2 E2 i
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ p5 X% y7 i" `1 Z$ e 186. Preclusive purchasing2 E9 K& Q1 C9 f# I& y
187. Seizure of assets% I( v# \( m0 u
188. Dumping5 N* n4 P' y& G
189. Selective patronage; x8 f" v3 O; L( y$ ]' v ~4 r4 m
190. Alternative markets# v Z8 M* y. T$ l% N! R
191. Alternative transportation systems
$ E/ {( v4 O4 r9 N" k5 O6 l 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention7 a& E/ V6 C2 j
193. Overloading of administrative systems
^' g0 C) `' M. P. r 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 {0 X; M5 s' n( n$ N
195. Seeking imprisonment
7 i, Q6 s& [' x8 d! G/ {# C' l 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* p; v. |; Y3 \& {, n0 I 197. Work-on without collaboration
. R2 x- i; X. U, y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! J2 |* L! k1 F, w
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
