 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 r( F% g, }5 f9 FFormal Statements. {0 J1 Y) x i+ s9 z
1. Public Speeches) E. s" e6 i, G& ?; [: j
2. Letters of opposition or support' ^/ A( A# C; o5 H" [8 X: F& e$ N- g
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ l: y2 P4 ~. y# g3 ~
4. Signed public statements- d0 |, @% g6 I2 P: K4 W4 w8 t" v# \
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ w* J/ l: ]! t4 z! R/ A5 K. f$ L* c5 c( z) P 6. Group or mass petitions: b; K6 @% s/ a$ v" v! @( L
! c0 C7 Y8 z( r' Z, P B/ q4 WCommunications with a Wider Audience
) `) f: [. C# k% g4 A# R5 N: | 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ [6 N+ f; ~/ a6 g& v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& _! J6 m: t8 l" z3 D
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# [0 c" C3 ?- H
10. Newspapers and journals/ ^* I' _ C0 Z5 r2 K. F
11. Records, radio, and television
, G/ q2 \4 T& x* ]* l 12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 M; a+ }8 |+ ?9 k" z6 B
, [) B5 P4 k' d- h: J
Group Representations
4 g- }4 r, p, }4 } 13. Deputations' A% ]3 D# k F% Q/ c( h$ i
14. Mock awards
2 G5 F* [3 v7 Z: Z/ }, @6 ^. M 15. Group lobbying
) \5 h8 Z: N* O! o6 \$ E8 r 16. Picketing& ^8 f% H0 k H- d% p7 |3 B f
17. Mock elections
- t$ @8 s- I; h/ w( r" w3 `, S+ W1 T% _6 w0 w% |6 N1 B
Symbolic Public Acts
; h* g' T8 s) S# K4 }" p 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
4 f" B5 v& h: L/ y& ?7 \ 19. Wearing of symbols
& F/ E4 \ W! c! s& G5 g" Q2 w- d+ I 20. Prayer and worship
; u0 M" ?% B B x 21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 \+ h2 V7 q; f- F- g: x, O 22. Protest disrobings
" K' X) Q) d+ D+ l; N$ X+ ] 23. Destruction of own property* t6 j+ _* j7 X% J$ R& n
24. Symbolic lights
) Y- `3 N- g9 d8 F 25. Displays of portraits0 _. F- a4 O+ T5 a) t& h
26. Paint as protest
( m+ z3 [& ~) m0 p9 W1 V 27. New signs and names% f8 e0 H3 g6 B3 o5 L/ r- P* k
28. Symbolic sounds% `" ~5 `) I& k4 x
29. Symbolic reclamations& o: c# p: ^4 u% K
30. Rude gestures7 X: b& V* q" b
1 o; C+ P1 ~, G5 TPressures on Individuals# |' ?. G( E" l% @+ T
31. “Haunting” officials
x8 A! ]7 [! ? 32. Taunting officials8 ~5 o: q8 m W/ l! l( ?
33. Fraternization
: N- {, s V- g$ L1 p 34. Vigils/ `7 L# o" ?$ h' C
& y2 b: }, x; K( b0 eDrama and Music+ b% Q, o$ y4 s. V: ]3 t
35. Humorous skits and pranks
( R+ D' w- J+ K% Q' H 36. Performances of plays and music% V ]$ P& m% t. s! d
37. Singing: m+ v# Z5 J9 }/ ?* A
/ P7 h# G# Q h4 g i4 tProcessions2 T! _1 q8 o% {3 O3 z' T/ z5 I" ~3 I
38. Marches
. g9 c* ?0 ?5 S& ~ 39. Parades
- a9 D0 W9 B% q. L/ X# g! [# f- @2 h 40. Religious processions
. i9 j( T% N3 K+ M 41. Pilgrimages
' n5 x9 | r) q; d7 b# K 42. Motorcades) W& V+ c4 ~2 x5 \& f" N+ ~) Z5 e; p: P
" ]; [. O) s) E, {
Honoring the Dead) r! N% b9 ?3 g6 R0 c0 a9 a+ v
43. Political mourning. g7 ^2 @, J. O4 A
44. Mock funerals
0 s3 k1 ^! N) V' g3 [4 j' \8 O, c) B( n 45. Demonstrative funerals
% }1 ? d& P, X. R F 46. Homage at burial places
7 e4 L/ \8 } I- n% `: K9 \- s% s
Public Assemblies' c! D) m q; s- a" @
47. Assemblies of protest or support
; R* I- @$ z5 b5 \. B ^ 48. Protest meetings& N5 K7 f& m1 T/ H; ]
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 V7 _7 y4 b, y* J* D W 50. Teach-ins
% a+ t5 {8 T7 z0 N: C
& D* [) z# C0 Y2 T7 Y+ e6 RWithdrawal and Renunciation* a0 n7 P( k% T$ H( I9 X8 F
51. Walk-outs" w; Z5 t' p' B, N9 g# }+ A1 w
52. Silence
$ j z/ h9 I7 j' F' T/ J 53. Renouncing honors2 Z& M" I2 {* p# b: a
54. Turning one’s back3 X- a3 U6 v6 l( J" {
7 C5 @" m$ x: S3 H$ z + |! Q' i# o* H" x2 U1 f
( d* H: @% e! M$ E) D) ITHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ _$ t0 b* z# C! H0 o, e
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9 @1 g6 [" O3 I! m- Y: e- R/ ^$ X) R
Ostracism of Persons7 y" V) l4 ~$ w& e) P% H6 ~
55. Social boycott' n: l) J- \$ n" n8 p. A* _
56. Selective social boycott" f/ M, J: R0 @- T
57. Lysistratic nonaction8 Z* a/ d, W3 ~2 u. r0 E# A
58. Excommunication1 B D4 B, s5 U, s) o. i
59. Interdict
* h: i o' q) `' M: @* h8 A- W% H! A9 H( Y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions A- `1 l( P4 |" y/ d5 R
60. Suspension of social and sports activities- t9 F% P( g* n* L3 r
61. Boycott of social affairs
2 G+ |+ U; M! T% m( k% c3 D 62. Student strike' y3 ^( y; G2 k
63. Social disobedience2 Y3 C7 C0 B& n7 k- o
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- ]1 k7 L+ ]6 o1 n; T1 V7 K# G" t; n/ x; m, _
Withdrawal from the Social System
8 t/ ~' x& [2 l5 M! { 65. Stay-at-home* D/ q2 c4 @+ P' e& x. f
66. Total personal noncooperation6 L! o) d8 V( g) I( V2 E
67. “Flight” of workers" _# p2 c. I5 Q0 V2 `! g, E* N, a
68. Sanctuary( O: N* E6 l" l( i8 u' p0 u
69. Collective disappearance
1 `9 c4 [& t# b1 @9 D 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& N8 [: y& \# r' k" z7 ^
8 R) A Z) I2 m5 D0 p* }
( O7 o' P! B, n/ I: n* K1 _
" H% J- T& k) Y" q; a$ A9 a" Z6 ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 u# |3 h0 q( A0 c
" \3 \* I& \; y6 {8 [. }7 P
' ?# E* |% X& y: ?) }8 @7 B7 F0 aActions by Consumers
+ G( F/ r; i' c3 a8 }/ {" a 71. Consumers’ boycott8 _ {* j, Z" b) h* H
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 M) P. K$ z1 \7 k. W* Q
73. Policy of austerity
7 S9 Y& s" y, {: h2 H 74. Rent withholding
# m, c, G% ~ G7 e! N# T 75. Refusal to rent0 {& L% s* e) I" f \3 G9 Z
76. National consumers’ boycott
; B/ G" o' C' h 77. International consumers’ boycott
& w' | N$ |. U5 o5 T) p: N1 _& |# p: C; c& U: m8 ~1 i
Action by Workers and Producers
9 b. g# k, Z& B, X: _( J, y 78. Workmen’s boycott
6 G* g* g- L+ }8 u2 g9 P! k 79. Producers’ boycott
6 D8 m1 Y# w6 F: ]9 E! g) R. p- |+ Y# \
4 r# u( B& ^& _: c: \7 IAction by Middlemen
) G1 M! Z' T& p5 r$ T 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" k4 f' H# j# p5 t2 g4 I" Z" {. Z8 O* x: n: Y& B1 H# n+ k5 G
Action by Owners and Management
: y$ g3 }% T) t/ a 81. Traders’ boycott: C5 O/ N3 r7 [* n3 _, }
82. Refusal to let or sell property& K# O8 q0 d. A7 n/ ?
83. Lockout
# y+ X, ?6 @; c+ p 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 R; } I3 D& o% a 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! R' G5 n) U. ~; H2 [ l) J" ?+ V1 ^' }$ c% }* T0 c) ]. s+ @
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
& k& I8 O# t7 l+ \2 J' v 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
; l# t5 g" F. Z4 |- w 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: X a f1 V0 l! P. \: z z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
8 p( L, e1 l2 S; m 89. Severance of funds and credit% \/ [% i$ }) j4 B' g! l) M
90. Revenue refusal
% f7 j; G; O1 n( H! J" G 91. Refusal of a government’s money# X' R7 p! _/ ^* G& w. h% K
9 \5 z- d8 d- D- L, `
Action by Governments
4 s$ f( ^" l1 Q5 D! E/ U* P3 e 92. Domestic embargo7 B6 M" D) r- t0 `
93. Blacklisting of traders/ C. ?! F1 f) a* Q
94. International sellers’ embargo
3 H7 p8 N3 B9 r. i& ?/ I3 X) a, Z$ A 95. International buyers’ embargo, J1 G( M8 R; k. f9 a' ?6 i4 s
96. International trade embargo" S. A* G' }! A
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2 R5 m- L% ~% {) X5 `0 o+ cTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! v6 x Y0 { g$ d9 y2 U" j
1 B, X6 v- c; { c& [' X3 B
: J; n0 p ]9 F6 \' [# hSymbolic Strikes' I+ I S, |$ c7 k3 _
97. Protest strike
4 Z: T% @3 S/ [ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)) p# u$ h C6 ]; _: I: k5 _
6 p1 @$ _ ?6 m, d
Agricultural Strikes
( d4 i6 B0 Q8 g4 _+ }! M/ J2 h# B 99. Peasant strike
6 w( d# d ^4 T4 ~0 p1 x1 p! M 100. Farm Workers’ strike, b5 L$ i' ^5 z6 r- f
2 N4 {, N" o9 o1 L7 x, m4 g1 Y; s' ?
Strikes by Special Groups* r" n4 N: A2 H* ]2 c
101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 O- ~' Y( i6 A 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 k) D; b% q7 Q9 ~0 U1 O- q 103. Craft strike
8 U4 ]$ [. ^# z7 p3 O( O2 E8 S 104. Professional strike
; r# R6 Q5 X' p" f4 J7 u* ~9 g3 T4 @2 s
Ordinary Industrial Strikes" Z/ l& s: z* [+ v) p. b
105. Establishment strike
: v. ?7 {. \* E5 s 106. Industry strike
; W, m" t9 p; l' ` 107. Sympathetic strike
9 Q& L; e, g) Z) |8 k+ J: K1 J0 Y
/ f8 Z+ ~8 R! P# yRestricted Strikes
0 \: U: ]# b+ Y/ l4 L, I5 b4 x 108. Detailed strike% S% O% r& f# {5 h# ~. Z# |" ?
109. Bumper strike, C5 z5 y( C& s
110. Slowdown strike
+ h8 _2 M3 V7 o! n4 i 111. Working-to-rule strike
4 T; d$ i- l0 n$ ^3 D$ Z: \ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ y5 [0 k W7 _8 ^
113. Strike by resignation
' F- I1 u# L" F, P2 A6 a# P 114. Limited strike
& ]. r) C% s3 V. V8 G/ C, e 115. Selective strike
: {9 j) }; A$ e4 O; k2 v; W
7 Y$ V& q3 W# e& U6 CMulti-Industry Strikes
+ M( Y+ U: h2 C( O" x
" f) O& e% N! V% S. j) V 116. Generalized strike
5 t p' T* g; F% ~$ c% ^( O: B0 r" M* {$ j
117. General strike
$ a9 `: {& V1 D* h8 n+ w3 `# v# x: I# D& a. I" W
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 X1 [5 w9 `' F
, b5 M2 S& b2 w, f @6 h' u 118. Hartal0 x1 M m. y5 g; @& ]# _0 G) h
5 O1 j# L6 V; h) G; d$ ]
119. Economic shutdown
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* D/ z5 e/ L/ G/ K) M1 Y
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' R' }+ E' g$ [) E5 D; P: A, f
3 U! D+ N/ F) p# A# ?. E
& g5 u# m S, }8 ]( ERejection of Authority
6 n7 |5 I% b% q0 b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
, }& F3 q' V# _+ [% _+ R 121. Refusal of public support
+ M& `! Q/ w# h& _ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: B9 V3 M+ h$ ^3 R) l1 Z; E6 j4 i) _1 i y( b% q* o ]% }) `
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- i# G! X0 K4 ?8 e 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( ], C# ^+ n' d& | 124. Boycott of elections
S" z8 G. s/ @ s) p 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, l7 ~6 Y6 c" Z2 r; K 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 [- ?* j I, v' k 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( F; z; J3 F! h) [
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) I# M7 s- L. d" e2 I7 i+ x/ r
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) p3 b% z7 l$ n; G B
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 B% o; g( g. T( B2 h
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
' t' @& l4 F# \ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions! a' q8 e( h9 l8 v A# ^. s% C
4 ]0 B, _6 W6 m1 V4 J) ^Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" Y, e8 D: n6 ?2 N: T 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# G6 W z- Y& P7 E \ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ v: Y6 \& V1 G& U
135. Popular nonobedience
6 k1 n+ t" a v 136. Disguised disobedience- m- a" @+ R- |, S. b9 [9 N; ?
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. V/ U" W; x' f: t 138. Sitdown
! u& _+ p4 P2 r8 q% m0 y1 q: x5 V: Z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( n% u8 B% q' D) N4 d `& _+ M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; Z# k+ Z% u e, H. z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( |, B$ r3 T3 M
9 C! t; c/ C- m5 p
Action by Government Personnel
1 t, J3 _1 R' l+ v 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 A/ k" L0 k5 `# l3 c. y# Q8 P7 b
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 N1 F; X+ A3 S; j 144. Stalling and obstruction7 H' Z$ G# |5 O, i" q
145. General administrative noncooperation
, ~" c9 ^2 o+ ?! B% v0 V* R8 h, V6 s( T, `6 O: H
146. Judicial noncooperation7 ?: z: t$ f1 f# [! ]0 k
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; b5 L1 X2 u, P% g+ D4 Q4 H' Q9 E
148. Mutiny
2 v/ ^; e4 M2 d# ]Domestic Governmental Action
3 p) }/ j$ V8 I' R2 p- x 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. `2 V; ?1 I. Q: z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
, n% f5 w' K; ?
- y: V+ X' b' XInternational Governmental Action9 O) r0 _/ p" s' y' o$ G1 }
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations, j& s# Q! F6 q/ o8 S& n2 v
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# E' N3 E: f' h; H2 R5 N
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ E! u. |! {4 @9 f" I: F# a
154. Severance of diplomatic relations( p- E$ ?# \+ p( e
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 P5 B1 G9 z. E& }5 b, I4 {( T 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. G& r: F$ E" }! D+ x0 n' N 157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 P* @' G/ S) ]) m7 H& L: ?
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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( \4 {: `* p, f4 {+ [ |
5 x! I$ y p& Y0 I: q8 b2 V+ C3 L2 xPsychological Intervention
& P. O1 M" D9 x/ M 158. Self-exposure to the elements+ H2 b9 p- y9 E+ {: x" B. E
159. The fast
) i$ K5 w5 A5 C3 w+ k5 \ a) Fast of moral pressure
2 ]7 N: ?; C" A" Y b) Hunger strike
: }& B# ]/ e8 ^- } Z6 m c) Satyagrahic fast3 x0 g D% n% Y. C( {5 Q+ Y0 m
160. Reverse trial! U# K; R! s! U' K
161. Nonviolent harassment
5 }8 a* C, | G: ?' C. U
$ L. u* n0 b0 i' G+ E) {& _Physical Intervention$ A/ q6 C1 F1 ]! }8 L
162. Sit-in: F, X! Q) _- Y. J
163. Stand-in# ]& }0 p" K- F% G/ Q7 G* N
164. Ride-in
# v9 p* H" l a9 a& O0 H6 ` 165. Wade-in
" P0 d3 S5 W+ ^, b4 D" v 166. Mill-in
d2 Y+ ~1 Z* z% \: Y8 Q4 j 167. Pray-in
7 n- [% v6 k- c6 c- H 168. Nonviolent raids
# G: L1 ^" \# s5 k/ ]" x7 X 169. Nonviolent air raids/ n$ f' c0 s0 Y4 {/ a
170. Nonviolent invasion
8 q4 m! E# H5 u; q 171. Nonviolent interjection
* m; h* q! B9 K) x# y6 S2 _ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
d9 f7 d+ i2 M1 \/ J9 i: z 173. Nonviolent occupation- X7 v6 n* |, O/ [; M* N
& b& P2 ~ c8 C( H% qSocial Intervention
! k' V' v. P( y: c ] 174. Establishing new social patterns
9 p& E* s8 ~: A! u# ] 175. Overloading of facilities
: g. I( M) @4 _0 x3 z+ a 176. Stall-in
+ F" n$ Z8 z- f* ?/ w$ w 177. Speak-in. t0 h0 {, a3 }& V
178. Guerrilla theater* h( f/ a7 V( [8 S! c; _
179. Alternative social institutions
9 P) ~9 W# c6 B" d3 t. l 180. Alternative communication system$ g0 Z# f: X5 [* ~2 Z Y* x7 u z
% P/ {3 O7 [* o$ h7 S$ [. TEconomic Intervention9 P: l5 s5 L3 K ~& D
181. Reverse strike, [1 X( _2 {3 W k. n2 @' }
182. Stay-in strike+ C+ D9 _: @! |, K, t. K" ]
183. Nonviolent land seizure9 d% _' ^. G# |& U. i+ Z* n
184. Defiance of blockades( n1 `9 _- L8 d& \+ P1 U
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 s+ l# w! V7 J* u- ~ 186. Preclusive purchasing6 X; ~8 ^9 e0 y* @; p2 E
187. Seizure of assets
& N/ f" t: v/ D" W$ C6 v 188. Dumping8 |. c! M3 d$ `7 ] S
189. Selective patronage- v9 T0 C6 w3 q7 b- L6 e
190. Alternative markets
1 P+ |6 ~7 N6 j) y+ g 191. Alternative transportation systems
/ }! J9 z. A, j K 192. Alternative economic institutions
$ W% ~ u. q. @# m5 n% S2 t V8 |4 |! d0 n! _' N* l
Political Intervention
/ X3 Q% c' h: K( l% ]$ W9 ^ 193. Overloading of administrative systems/ o" _3 y0 `# I4 `' M* E
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 }& a; L+ b, d5 e) D/ o
195. Seeking imprisonment# y c; {' _/ r( J
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; W/ e0 y+ t2 E# T: J5 O! k& J
197. Work-on without collaboration- B y( e4 m9 X. v1 a% {( v& ?
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: v; i' v1 A4 z' W2 l
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
