 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 T" [, D F( h/ DFormal Statements
$ J6 A+ N+ P/ P4 \6 K3 D8 h, d4 B 1. Public Speeches& Z c% V0 V& [4 s$ n1 F2 d
2. Letters of opposition or support" W" d+ C( i: E2 \$ L
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 F; q8 d4 x) Z2 D
4. Signed public statements5 C4 a! L# y2 v( y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 `6 J. v! K$ @ 6. Group or mass petitions
( r$ T7 Y2 J4 P, ]- o
m, |8 [6 U7 O4 g9 w9 VCommunications with a Wider Audience! {! H) X: i0 d
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& a9 H6 s" f* B, j; N 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
- _, r2 N) z) o 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 T {# Z$ B v( ~" k* i
10. Newspapers and journals
. r( m+ e8 y% H# B. c% b7 M! M 11. Records, radio, and television
- X p" e$ [3 v 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 l4 Q3 F6 N( B# q
, J: ~5 t! X3 ~3 C. I) o/ O* K- A
Group Representations+ v% Z* E; _8 K4 X: g/ R/ r
13. Deputations
: f; ?2 S; K& H. Q o, C! ? 14. Mock awards
( c* |+ I9 U- O& j6 ~, r 15. Group lobbying
" j O, k/ U& h7 h5 L; P9 C 16. Picketing- \. O, O: D+ }' o. a6 w' L
17. Mock elections
1 {/ K" K9 v; t; ]# \8 U; ?5 y" ?$ J' U( S4 Y( k+ {
Symbolic Public Acts
' W, C4 O1 ]( v* |$ G' f 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( w, J' [- z/ L& Y4 Q
19. Wearing of symbols
! q# E% e' _. o z* R 20. Prayer and worship$ m' i/ ]8 v4 X. v6 o0 a
21. Delivering symbolic objects) [ {6 e* I: K" |0 Z- S$ b1 i
22. Protest disrobings
, W; D2 |* x+ {) b5 l2 g/ J- k 23. Destruction of own property
/ I% k! O2 H1 ?# @3 |" u 24. Symbolic lights
5 c& L9 m& ]$ [) U7 o 25. Displays of portraits: d# A+ y. G# X, u
26. Paint as protest1 H3 I9 Q: K& |
27. New signs and names
: k5 D, g: l6 f, T! ^+ F/ a 28. Symbolic sounds7 _- z$ Z p( i; T8 p* U s
29. Symbolic reclamations. N2 _' H8 d4 c, J- r, @# Q
30. Rude gestures
1 P. c0 j; e% ]' G9 J. ]
/ Q4 [; Q' o% H- }0 qPressures on Individuals( d o6 y4 U3 M# P' F! y
31. “Haunting” officials& V; R9 O' E, U8 s# d( x8 o% T# x
32. Taunting officials
& r \) _& T2 G' }/ i7 E5 ] 33. Fraternization
. C( m1 m8 u( ]* K 34. Vigils
" W- |, N3 Y1 M; a3 p2 n1 g! t# C' i+ g8 X3 S( A
Drama and Music
) I( b8 [& [+ h* j 35. Humorous skits and pranks
! u, d4 |3 k( s! m0 v. n J 36. Performances of plays and music
, {& p. @8 h3 U1 \ 37. Singing6 [9 v$ k5 p* I1 _# [* ~% l
: y a$ d' _& d& H) ~Processions; ^+ Y$ M% K c G4 J/ M% j
38. Marches' e& w+ P5 l# v" y w7 L6 C
39. Parades5 y$ O; v& k+ v5 t( U
40. Religious processions
: n7 o4 E! h7 x( F5 [" r 41. Pilgrimages2 @- M3 R" X" d5 O& [
42. Motorcades8 v, ]# R1 Q8 A
# I) L2 W. K6 M: B0 Q5 X: m$ CHonoring the Dead
. R- \% D9 t' t 43. Political mourning" f& l+ _# L' b4 F" g7 ?, S, [
44. Mock funerals. J8 u* u \" L' Z! Q
45. Demonstrative funerals
; s! e& W9 [7 E7 E+ F U 46. Homage at burial places
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( w: D5 g5 E8 n: J( d9 LPublic Assemblies
9 ^+ b. l, z/ X+ X) J1 g4 q 47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 K/ M( S; a9 z 48. Protest meetings- W) z6 j" B+ ]
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( ^8 {% g9 Y2 q4 J" C0 t
50. Teach-ins
, D9 o5 s4 Z, A: _" C8 z! D
3 n$ {. u7 s1 R, y3 k( Y# c7 IWithdrawal and Renunciation( o7 l }( F0 z+ r, m/ q% [
51. Walk-outs4 j% r: c A3 @: ?+ v% }& Q5 l
52. Silence$ C B; e( A3 n2 F, [
53. Renouncing honors
' F Y2 ]% f4 R2 ~ 54. Turning one’s back9 {: G5 Q1 p3 k* ~1 g' i
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2 u% w- S/ I6 @6 y% W0 w; j+ v
: q+ V8 W. F- ]) l- P6 YTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
7 Z3 B$ Y' h# d# {
8 T$ `7 h# H* y & ?4 }7 t: o4 j x8 k
, ]5 i5 k+ x7 n- t0 zOstracism of Persons8 m! r7 h# q8 p: \ T' {8 d* J; d
55. Social boycott
6 t2 i- E3 I. n/ L& Q5 G' f7 A 56. Selective social boycott5 U7 G* G+ U7 T- p
57. Lysistratic nonaction. ^9 }, {( n: d4 y! C9 W# x
58. Excommunication C% f6 m1 C& q+ k. x; f3 p
59. Interdict
4 {: M: d! `. z6 s6 g3 u
+ O B+ l9 l; \/ ?* T; pNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 r& M7 q) N2 a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ M6 s# |6 X% J) q4 Z' B8 h- X! k# w 61. Boycott of social affairs
5 y q+ @- P' n 62. Student strike- Z+ q9 A1 H; v- Z
63. Social disobedience
+ l0 Z e& ~0 {% O9 G 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* g$ a% k" Y' x# v/ X7 {6 B8 l8 ~6 q, o1 X9 Y$ }9 Z. _* _
Withdrawal from the Social System( }1 X7 G( m% e/ j! P" w
65. Stay-at-home
$ Z/ U3 G; j- u9 z 66. Total personal noncooperation# G! h0 K2 B5 }* I: T9 T0 K
67. “Flight” of workers
8 J! P& K; ?* Y- H1 `* s! s 68. Sanctuary
* p* x5 G J4 J' a/ ~4 ~8 Y1 | 69. Collective disappearance
6 O5 n) l8 P6 h/ U 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)6 N. c( t$ Y1 O3 \
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
$ e' X2 E* n+ |, ?+ x2 \% X3 ?( E7 c, p/ w" J( L2 N! W
. b' ?/ j1 \: kActions by Consumers5 P Y' R4 ]0 W% A$ R& M; }- m
71. Consumers’ boycott/ Q& T" H" H2 A4 Y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 j- V% B9 t& N: J, \5 F
73. Policy of austerity- `! ]: A+ w' c$ R3 f& c
74. Rent withholding* f+ t0 I! [* j4 G4 H$ i
75. Refusal to rent
$ t) O) e. y _" ^ 76. National consumers’ boycott
; z& o4 H) t- }0 X) R0 G0 k, c 77. International consumers’ boycott
$ U. \2 w7 R7 m2 [! W5 x; r4 z1 P2 B/ }3 K9 [! w) Q! l* U1 a' b- N
Action by Workers and Producers1 @( K9 z! _( n3 A) ^; x
78. Workmen’s boycott4 u# B1 ? }2 \$ z5 v+ q
79. Producers’ boycott
. H Y; U; G: m1 ?% P4 O/ B
: }/ d1 {! @7 }; }' AAction by Middlemen
/ }: z' I3 r) Y7 d- [& J 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: [3 A% Y5 v6 W" ]+ [9 U! Y. }' h; f1 i) [. A
Action by Owners and Management
/ T" j4 ]3 m6 p* p4 F2 ^6 {' h# P 81. Traders’ boycott
; k7 T2 @$ ~0 S' ^. u 82. Refusal to let or sell property0 }8 c8 k3 m" ~$ p ~, `1 L. y
83. Lockout* g1 }5 n" ] q ]: [' A
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) a) I: O9 R% C# z; m6 f/ o 85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ u% \& R2 R" ]4 h0 k0 P; p
3 ^, Y( \' j, O& j9 @; zAction by Holders of Financial Resources
' Q+ [% p4 K& q2 _) g 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. K2 m, m* i/ x/ `( y4 x& C
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
]/ G: S, Y+ X% i3 c3 N2 {& ?1 }( M 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ t) ^- J# M2 W. G, } 89. Severance of funds and credit' m) J' Y( @: _/ e$ j
90. Revenue refusal. ]7 l; p! K5 L- _6 _
91. Refusal of a government’s money
. N6 y9 q4 @" C' M+ ?6 ^
- n; l+ l4 g0 [* q7 w2 IAction by Governments( u: V- \ ?) ?- w+ `
92. Domestic embargo
9 r5 I+ {7 |: j7 U7 N6 { 93. Blacklisting of traders
# J; S! L% T% w3 I( @ 94. International sellers’ embargo) B# E. ^- _: O6 E/ g& N
95. International buyers’ embargo
# W( l @" u7 a: X 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! d0 `* @5 h% h5 Z
9 L9 P* o4 w: b
) @0 L) t5 }8 f" \9 M' [) gSymbolic Strikes
$ @ H( e- W- H 97. Protest strike
3 u6 ^% @: p# x1 W6 r 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 h! Z- [+ Y+ V; [
, R) `1 L2 Q/ u5 P2 K5 {
Agricultural Strikes& T% J- T; S( m4 \
99. Peasant strike( C' T& Q/ g. X9 I
100. Farm Workers’ strike
) i- q, w3 U2 |/ v( E6 Q& z
* O* {( N1 ~( t( w iStrikes by Special Groups7 L K* n0 S" {* ], B- u, r# G. Y
101. Refusal of impressed labor7 z t+ \$ z: Q$ h0 k' {
102. Prisoners’ strike' }0 B9 M8 X$ H+ L- G+ x3 O
103. Craft strike
) ^* w8 E6 U! Y4 V 104. Professional strike, a6 a5 F: f8 g# b3 ]
) a) x* [/ E p( t h/ ^( f/ m1 S3 }+ `, ~
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' b! ^0 N8 O/ V& v 105. Establishment strike/ ?6 _/ G$ n2 j& e
106. Industry strike
6 g$ W( l+ l( ]. P$ V- G* l2 C 107. Sympathetic strike9 V. _* k) o# G
# a, h: B# k5 T- }Restricted Strikes
1 }; J1 Q! ^+ ]/ A 108. Detailed strike9 G5 ~$ K+ n4 V. @& j7 v0 s
109. Bumper strike
: h( @9 \+ j! z s; i* Y 110. Slowdown strike
9 A) i( s( ^! ~/ y5 w 111. Working-to-rule strike3 r6 y- X, x) N9 C+ F7 D- ^* }
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 y/ _* c! t% i* o* G 113. Strike by resignation4 k6 ?5 T( h% v, h
114. Limited strike
8 j4 {1 d* R+ ^& r5 | 115. Selective strike
) Z0 W+ J3 P# r' v" V: l5 y9 A, a2 z* H/ H$ G6 j
Multi-Industry Strikes. X' K' h$ y9 T* i
0 c6 p. ~% Q: [2 X$ U; `6 A
116. Generalized strike/ X+ K5 \8 c1 u4 x# X) G
S/ H9 U7 ]! A4 V8 G: ^
117. General strike
8 c# Y4 ^5 j8 @3 `
6 e: h9 h0 y+ n# `( ?' dCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
' M6 F% q1 I$ g& M6 b+ R& X) w
% ^+ ]& \3 I" i# [: q- H9 b H 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown9 _- s& C2 I; [ |
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: R, `2 c; q7 t2 r9 ?% Y: Q, gTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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' X ^ f: r/ K8 R
Rejection of Authority
' h$ _' Q* U; ^& Q7 n/ I' } 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
/ @* ` h' _: N3 I a$ _5 M0 c 121. Refusal of public support2 Q+ I7 d# G6 T. N
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( M1 n# N9 S+ `" K) l
. c" h4 `- |9 F) ?Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 V* p# l1 a, G6 l" L" }& }1 P+ e 123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 h3 t2 B+ w( z- \
124. Boycott of elections% N2 I: K- b8 H6 ~
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
9 m# z& k. R' Z4 r% O 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; t% l# H5 g: e/ U. X 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions' z0 j5 P3 K. V" j
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" _( f1 w1 R8 \7 s 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ h0 E, I; \# D- s; b! l9 y! y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 N% B7 p% H+ @9 d: x8 l 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 g- A" Y( W9 P$ B7 _' G4 s
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
$ b: }5 H: H- f, L3 Y+ w" a n$ v) F3 W7 P3 [
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& q) c1 E/ Q+ x; `) I
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 x- o( C0 ]3 H 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 [) ~: w& e% J% g# ~0 e/ I! e6 j
135. Popular nonobedience; K e; k! ^$ u
136. Disguised disobedience
( L, @. n9 P7 q 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 v! U" T4 u6 A7 c
138. Sitdown
% {9 [6 [4 `0 u2 }, g9 Y9 v* E 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 O- d6 t( j) Q2 ^ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. ?; @+ t, D% f+ n& L w! W& {
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: H$ T- g: d8 i& G# H3 @+ L: P8 P) F
) K& ~8 O: `* J* d$ z2 X5 VAction by Government Personnel# z) O8 I5 F& h K4 u9 [9 `
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ D3 A# a8 U5 T B8 T( r3 k 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& N/ m1 j/ l( [& f 144. Stalling and obstruction6 V. c3 Z' M1 q
145. General administrative noncooperation5 `; x; e$ \( T# \8 O8 T
0 R% S/ L: X( a E 146. Judicial noncooperation- K& Y m& `& S4 r u
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 ?$ U; ]0 E! }' |1 S 148. Mutiny
1 U9 M# m, F9 F; H$ IDomestic Governmental Action* r. m6 ?5 e" \( `' Z* {' _
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 {8 r9 o" J. o% S 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
v3 U' W" @0 z/ D
8 c, l9 i$ n- TInternational Governmental Action' t2 Y8 ?& q+ @5 ~
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 ]9 b9 F0 s5 [( f V
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ z" R5 B6 |( @! [2 c4 A 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ Y6 J8 I. {8 D
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: q) ^' _4 n, m$ u 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: h0 J2 G& U @7 n1 M 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, K7 f z2 \% t8 n" W: ^/ o) ]# V; { 157. Expulsion from international organizations F$ Q8 O! U; }6 D
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4 b5 _1 K2 K2 n) Q: RTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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1 o4 Y! F" d, z# Y* i8 s/ x
Psychological Intervention7 C/ L, x5 [ k9 K0 S& l
158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 S9 ~* k. Q9 u' [- r 159. The fast8 g& U5 f$ e5 i0 J5 ~7 m4 ~
a) Fast of moral pressure
: E/ T/ I) c7 W, L b) Hunger strike; m& N1 C5 Q! f" s' H8 D
c) Satyagrahic fast; M9 b5 Z A6 J7 J
160. Reverse trial
% v' w/ k# j: z! G% | 161. Nonviolent harassment: l$ r6 Z' q3 y$ p5 c
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Physical Intervention, m3 }$ U$ c i8 P' W
162. Sit-in
5 y2 D. \- e! j h 163. Stand-in4 w+ V7 d: f+ I% t+ S" X5 E
164. Ride-in% o0 J# K$ U0 N4 E$ n
165. Wade-in
, J5 B% U$ h/ ~. t4 { 166. Mill-in
9 ~4 C/ X- F' _+ W' o I" }+ l 167. Pray-in- V( o- H" V& |/ j( x: X
168. Nonviolent raids% f% |# e+ u0 q9 R: O2 d
169. Nonviolent air raids0 ?* g# P: j& \1 i5 `' ?
170. Nonviolent invasion
1 ?$ I8 s( d( n/ Y2 g9 t% I 171. Nonviolent interjection! i6 h/ I. ^" U1 S: p$ ~& H1 T9 q ~
172. Nonviolent obstruction- d+ M9 f1 c7 s# d, v6 Y
173. Nonviolent occupation7 G3 ^( @* a# R) `' E3 k2 g
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Social Intervention
% J3 @" b" ]: v8 {# ]' d# a6 a 174. Establishing new social patterns% m; |2 g( z. U6 Y
175. Overloading of facilities
8 U A# q2 c) Y1 d& A' ~% w; \; C 176. Stall-in
2 C4 g" t f1 M$ ?7 b 177. Speak-in
! K: b( ~6 b8 R: ^# }1 C8 a% W 178. Guerrilla theater8 x. j1 S, j3 `8 t4 `3 j' I( i
179. Alternative social institutions
$ r6 z. n0 J/ N/ ^6 u5 J$ X 180. Alternative communication system
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8 R. |% u6 |1 R. Q. UEconomic Intervention
% j, t/ ~, O) N; P3 S0 m' D- I2 } 181. Reverse strike
( W* P# C8 J4 _4 h 182. Stay-in strike
d+ j0 ^- g; p; n0 W 183. Nonviolent land seizure
) M0 I( h) s8 A. C- S 184. Defiance of blockades, n& n3 {3 t Z% L+ ~
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 x' n' w- Y: {/ o 186. Preclusive purchasing9 t0 _( g1 X. r1 T- S2 l* G
187. Seizure of assets8 m0 N) A3 {; d
188. Dumping
$ ~& j; ?6 N5 P3 |1 u# n2 G5 Y9 q 189. Selective patronage5 t2 i* ~8 D5 ^: L+ t
190. Alternative markets
U: G5 i) T- {9 f K& ^. ~ 191. Alternative transportation systems
( \. y* w4 T% k% u8 P0 J( r0 W H D 192. Alternative economic institutions* } _. \9 b R+ ]! r% u5 M5 [
1 T. b! y2 z/ i6 x: K# @Political Intervention
, N; C0 W4 Z5 W- m! U; {' x" h 193. Overloading of administrative systems
" j `( I4 V; k 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ A/ P7 d* q4 z" K' t: A! g 195. Seeking imprisonment
( ?1 m) r: `3 ^: w6 ? 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ m7 ~- | ^ Y4 _
197. Work-on without collaboration
4 V' n4 O/ O& R. u 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
