 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 G# F0 W M% NFormal Statements
3 E7 N/ Q1 f+ B( { 1. Public Speeches
! R2 j2 J5 a, \) {6 e6 w3 n 2. Letters of opposition or support/ i2 D6 r- v* s6 [% J0 z% Q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 b6 t# k: y; r: u
4. Signed public statements
2 c g! t' Z# ^ { 5. Declarations of indictment and intention% A, T/ k6 w2 i: u& f% y' p
6. Group or mass petitions, G/ }# [- |9 a( n4 S( \% v, I* E' a
3 R- ]1 \# _' R$ \3 b! `$ u% S
Communications with a Wider Audience' V' w- J4 _+ k! a
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
a; O9 [, M) g6 i6 i/ B- E# `, F 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications8 C. B" p5 [7 }! ?9 P7 M
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 l0 m/ p$ {1 l8 Q, h) b
10. Newspapers and journals8 N& P4 l( C% r
11. Records, radio, and television5 v2 d- w6 \3 b. N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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3 _9 h6 H6 L/ L) J- ~Group Representations
* s' u1 ]4 u8 z M5 X 13. Deputations
$ J) e8 u' X; r! s+ X* u: M 14. Mock awards+ z8 a. k7 @/ C, p. n
15. Group lobbying
$ m1 m, ]4 _ |( v0 B" z* \ 16. Picketing1 I# ?+ L% Y) A n2 g8 e# J) @
17. Mock elections2 J( G) y, J! w( S7 N" U8 n5 C
. f/ Z8 R- A; m5 |# h& S
Symbolic Public Acts
: U$ i' g" d3 f 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
g7 h( x+ N! i, x+ N 19. Wearing of symbols
; Y* U$ S, p! ?& j/ E- e( V% e 20. Prayer and worship' G/ H) [3 a( p- N5 @
21. Delivering symbolic objects
! _ A; N- }8 M5 ] 22. Protest disrobings
: [* }9 W2 }: n! z' I 23. Destruction of own property
% @7 z$ y* E: L% D$ ^( j 24. Symbolic lights8 `( F, p9 V# V
25. Displays of portraits
) ~* g" z* [& \3 f! s 26. Paint as protest/ \% w" p' b6 A k8 u& N
27. New signs and names
p1 @) z; f% u 28. Symbolic sounds
' I( W S; @9 z- u+ z" { 29. Symbolic reclamations
" `; K6 D# Y+ R 30. Rude gestures7 `; v7 e0 C' i w2 K: u+ u1 {
6 b, u) U+ _+ t1 ?Pressures on Individuals7 |- f8 ^2 X0 k
31. “Haunting” officials k; w8 a! o) @6 Y g
32. Taunting officials f7 x7 ?* @) `
33. Fraternization: c" f2 g/ L o! O, O4 z
34. Vigils2 @$ }# e+ Y3 K1 ]+ p: u
/ I1 w& E* v3 h0 U
Drama and Music& A* A- a/ L$ q
35. Humorous skits and pranks. o0 f" Q$ O2 l: [5 v; Z, Z
36. Performances of plays and music
1 s$ i: `- W3 r/ K9 F 37. Singing# G% f2 I" u, i, y( C( A
6 V- {% j" {6 Z7 t | R8 uProcessions
9 z8 }$ L! q9 _! t& z# ^/ G 38. Marches% I/ ~, H- {% n* M8 M3 S
39. Parades
X( h7 G2 P) e! [1 A( P, k1 } 40. Religious processions
. G; f/ H7 i' x9 {, p 41. Pilgrimages+ Y% x4 ]# d$ A- G; D% q
42. Motorcades% E/ n) @7 r& h7 M- O( ^0 Y `. R5 ]
+ R$ [. C# \6 V! bHonoring the Dead
' A0 {( u/ O ]/ O5 V$ ]' N l8 b# T 43. Political mourning, [* d |- l% E" ^
44. Mock funerals
2 s# e) \" S- q; o( e( ~; _ 45. Demonstrative funerals
! o) y* W) a8 a2 T' s/ m( d 46. Homage at burial places
2 E1 d# m8 L5 s$ V2 A" `2 ~6 Q! {) A2 ~
Public Assemblies3 y" @0 o! ?6 e2 W7 f3 _# s N9 ?5 u
47. Assemblies of protest or support4 ^! R0 T" b' H! y. M
48. Protest meetings
3 ^ Y" Z& y$ ^6 V; w& Z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, h- X6 C' |3 d6 k9 a% [1 u+ f) A 50. Teach-ins9 F; [" i% h9 P6 _: |
; e+ R2 ~* c) K; bWithdrawal and Renunciation
) V& I: q2 k# h: M- D6 v# k 51. Walk-outs
6 l' G* H, `4 q8 h 52. Silence
^. P2 H* m+ m5 f h7 [ 53. Renouncing honors8 o1 L* u- d+ Y$ C8 |
54. Turning one’s back
5 D8 W5 c# e7 X6 X; a3 z4 X! t& s- y4 i" b4 V/ F5 k2 h& V, T
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* d5 b$ V8 P3 S, uTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
1 ?6 H6 J; h( }2 J# g- ^6 B
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1 \9 S' N' e4 G b9 ~0 vOstracism of Persons7 S3 h- v7 t* h
55. Social boycott
, I6 F9 v9 G7 |0 W6 }+ |1 V5 J% ? 56. Selective social boycott
, `% N5 i. {* F 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ u e& K: C {/ T0 b 58. Excommunication
8 [- S$ [( m$ u/ b' P5 u1 X* U8 x P 59. Interdict( a2 k) O7 Y/ g5 Q
' c! ^: [- g! F& y P4 m
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions0 E/ P7 u3 _: d( i, Z5 F% R/ G* h
60. Suspension of social and sports activities; q9 x k8 v; Y( G
61. Boycott of social affairs
# M( [) s+ R6 t0 Y 62. Student strike0 L3 E$ i% l T0 z6 z( z
63. Social disobedience
3 s7 a$ @5 C# R0 \ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System8 p+ J1 m" k1 `1 W( [2 V9 c2 O
65. Stay-at-home) k# [5 Z) y8 n( {
66. Total personal noncooperation
9 U; ^2 ?5 o5 C* \( y) j; L 67. “Flight” of workers
1 R2 i3 _9 o2 r" a- x/ J 68. Sanctuary3 `4 W8 L8 K( [8 ]! G% I8 q. j
69. Collective disappearance& ~2 m6 f0 ]6 N! ^$ P B
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 S9 @1 Z1 G9 t J8 |1 E
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' z- |0 S' h$ q! B0 t5 BActions by Consumers
! q5 r2 t7 w. @6 {. [2 ?# c8 R 71. Consumers’ boycott& \" z7 ]+ A/ r' d6 v. K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 [+ n* h# r" m" q( Q 73. Policy of austerity
V0 a! j+ X9 p1 o2 H) u 74. Rent withholding
7 V3 a0 x+ N' E I* [; o 75. Refusal to rent; k9 M+ w6 ~& R: I+ y# T( T9 L; v2 B
76. National consumers’ boycott$ @8 r8 v+ ^2 Z( {" w% u
77. International consumers’ boycott
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Action by Workers and Producers- x% i- N/ \5 C& p; i
78. Workmen’s boycott
! n4 T" m. E/ ]* `9 q/ _ 79. Producers’ boycott
, x7 i% g8 A3 X, L% q+ y/ z/ h! a7 a( b& l7 X; z+ z0 y
Action by Middlemen/ X9 v* R R& ~8 _" p6 u& ]
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 T2 U: i& K( g" \, C8 W# Y! Y# F
. z& O2 y( u7 |$ q0 @Action by Owners and Management7 N" v* D+ _2 X5 m, v
81. Traders’ boycott+ `3 u, O' f0 V: T+ U; m+ T$ t
82. Refusal to let or sell property( Z) P: N S+ b0 o: I& E$ R* e6 W
83. Lockout7 @% f& z* P1 O$ b' I; S5 Y! v4 l
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' N; _4 n9 F3 a: @9 @5 F 85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 _# V8 e, g$ Y. x* ?! P
: n% z' r7 E, `& Y& hAction by Holders of Financial Resources
1 |5 A1 c' e% R O 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits# C' V% x1 u1 z+ O2 L) X
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* e' W% C0 ?" l3 K1 d' Q: B' T& R
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 [0 x; C- W, a" J0 e; q0 n 89. Severance of funds and credit
+ x; u3 o3 t3 u$ T, B% L' T' G 90. Revenue refusal
7 G/ A+ |6 v4 u5 a1 K9 W 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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! T# n) F3 t2 N: G# OAction by Governments$ Q) d& e8 u( ~: a1 Q
92. Domestic embargo
3 h- N) c! G D2 a/ ?$ _, S 93. Blacklisting of traders2 Y( B' \, d: g! L/ h% _6 H8 p) N
94. International sellers’ embargo
4 |2 M# J% v; E) V 95. International buyers’ embargo. I) |! R8 Q4 K: b) @; @8 D
96. International trade embargo1 f+ b8 W C& ^0 I
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" t( t3 Z* v( e& tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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6 @6 C- y8 G3 s; s4 t6 f& T6 VSymbolic Strikes
! l0 G8 a, p% o' |/ b 97. Protest strike2 _/ A+ M! X: F2 r% u. @ q7 k7 ?
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. A7 w! f4 Y6 ^
" v$ ?0 u/ J4 M( q0 ` KAgricultural Strikes
5 [# m/ c7 T. `. i- M6 e( K 99. Peasant strike
8 O6 O' @1 F) N' R+ k 100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 @- t8 p, Z$ T5 }, I, u+ z: i! {
7 ]) i% }! G+ D5 P) qStrikes by Special Groups
5 \) _0 s8 S/ Z: h; k3 ]# T 101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 K+ u( Z; \! \! I8 A9 Q 102. Prisoners’ strike( C. y) E( [. M
103. Craft strike$ ^2 e P, y: J6 ^1 d4 r
104. Professional strike- C! w% y, w" ]
& T" `) e, G" z" F4 _+ w; h6 C: Q
Ordinary Industrial Strikes1 z, [. S1 v5 V. J- o6 }
105. Establishment strike) d* [: E' F' W6 \! G$ s6 d7 I
106. Industry strike
! T e3 V) w5 e( } 107. Sympathetic strike
* E4 h, e6 P$ y% B- Z1 y; R9 b# B
8 N# L4 P! p# z: v* C! c6 C4 v0 k' l1 LRestricted Strikes8 d9 H/ N6 s6 D- e7 u
108. Detailed strike, I) t) t5 o& O6 R
109. Bumper strike
2 |; a# c7 C* E5 c- }* H& q9 j: h 110. Slowdown strike0 X ?4 x: V3 t! e- B
111. Working-to-rule strike* x. x4 ?1 _$ h' ^7 G, W {. X' A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 h4 U0 `' g2 y! P B
113. Strike by resignation
/ A2 y! c: O6 |" c. S( n 114. Limited strike4 Z% Z: e+ q* |; A
115. Selective strike
2 w1 b- f( Q! } r
) G) u# k' Q2 v9 C3 x4 f6 cMulti-Industry Strikes X! f. q2 C( O. B
& R) f0 F$ |1 A4 E 116. Generalized strike+ J% n: G/ s6 Q3 j. o6 B% _
. Q% B2 a3 m$ j1 b3 G# O 117. General strike! [5 g* ^: s) V3 ^2 M3 @
3 H; ?' v( R, Y) w( o5 SCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures# G' o K, D- V$ U
" Z7 r ~& Z* u0 e
118. Hartal/ T6 U; c( q7 Q
: j0 G' R5 f) w0 {& p1 S 119. Economic shutdown! @% p& ]% |; r& T# F, C; t0 e
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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I& K4 ~2 K: k- l: X( K0 zRejection of Authority
8 I, u+ ~8 q! t4 ~ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 n+ ]* m. ]$ q4 e& D
121. Refusal of public support& T3 p {- i$ R: z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 j% z0 j, k4 L0 a \
" B+ w, o7 D/ M* H( L8 D6 c
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 Y! o' P" G% f 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
z, |3 Z$ R2 b2 P: V 124. Boycott of elections
% e$ M% ^& r! R. U' X5 C* @ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions9 _ \0 L- M E ]
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ I5 x% {$ z: q2 V1 k
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions' E, O$ z9 s, f" m- F
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ A1 S' |8 `; n8 d 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents# h; h# S7 L1 ^% l. N; A
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: }# m, k z$ O7 t \
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 z. G* n f- q6 `
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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% i) ]: y7 M. e; jCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ U4 B7 ^& j$ ]+ t$ ^" m* U# l 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- I9 {3 \, D) L" L& [! d+ R 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ ]2 `1 Y$ W. t+ _8 @3 T! A4 c 135. Popular nonobedience) s& |! W0 t/ i# R
136. Disguised disobedience# Q7 p# Q: N t- P% V
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
) J* M n$ z5 @ 138. Sitdown$ d- o- y! ], T
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% t# h' F+ q V h1 Z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ D: v6 K8 Z7 N' {2 ]2 L1 _, @
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% _! p" u- c: i {5 C H
6 w) B6 I! v6 W! k
Action by Government Personnel
9 {5 T( q) \/ P# o+ d5 N 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: J" k9 o) n% r 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# R$ y8 T2 `% a4 ^6 O 144. Stalling and obstruction" M. D% w1 c; m' E, E. K6 S( X
145. General administrative noncooperation/ P- W# l/ l ] q# k
* e6 {4 n* v8 Q
146. Judicial noncooperation8 W* ?/ _2 a0 v2 b
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 P G. }2 O8 D" }3 K; U 148. Mutiny$ A) P! a/ f1 Z+ R5 W
Domestic Governmental Action& Q- ?6 ]* t9 z! N) B* m$ P% u
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! f# E2 k/ r2 t- s 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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& V1 Q/ d* A9 z0 qInternational Governmental Action# r( `3 L4 m, }/ f7 d) n4 W
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 I$ [: G7 l* v! r! D
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; a8 y$ p M# A8 U' N2 [/ E' X
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. ]5 l% _' E6 e# w& t5 Q8 Y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 x+ M' \8 ^7 E1 }
155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 h1 x" E @; V( U6 f2 c' w1 U/ @
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 X: J3 m, s* b# V5 @" @+ o9 n 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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$ I$ @: I/ G/ c/ I: |* F6 ]THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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; N& `* |0 U" [3 @" u( T; jPsychological Intervention
1 i: I8 G5 H$ R) s+ G 158. Self-exposure to the elements# I- n4 ?$ @" }. _: p5 a
159. The fast
6 s z+ i& I( a/ q1 w9 I a) Fast of moral pressure
) J, v- n+ s3 ?( `. X k" i b) Hunger strike! w, |! X" Z7 i' S% b& }
c) Satyagrahic fast
" Z: Z- b; i1 r4 C% ^0 _- m3 W7 F 160. Reverse trial
5 Z. W. r2 S4 i& Q 161. Nonviolent harassment
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% |( d, n1 }7 `6 E& B# T e _Physical Intervention# S( h8 u* p& G# D. A4 D
162. Sit-in C: C9 h- Y$ k, [
163. Stand-in
! o1 Q3 |. ^! q! e5 M 164. Ride-in E- z% u3 `" z, a/ A8 \+ [
165. Wade-in
6 n# q4 O E, d% ?, M 166. Mill-in! v' u. B2 @$ C. C4 U( D o6 u
167. Pray-in: a+ P4 \; Q7 o: h; k8 Y3 q
168. Nonviolent raids8 ?4 a5 l0 `% I6 E q- m: |
169. Nonviolent air raids4 ^. g) G/ ^+ l8 m
170. Nonviolent invasion# I; g0 j& ^, O) e8 L
171. Nonviolent interjection: ]; B4 o2 B1 d7 H
172. Nonviolent obstruction6 `9 w' [2 g! u5 w
173. Nonviolent occupation
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; o# k$ q% o) N9 ?6 E9 |! [Social Intervention
& d- T8 q }2 `. R. r# m 174. Establishing new social patterns
: a, K5 a1 G" E7 e1 Y- Z' n 175. Overloading of facilities
* e8 G& r8 Q Q' c; j 176. Stall-in8 k& Y$ N5 _' e6 J$ D
177. Speak-in
1 z# Z4 E; j# o# D3 d8 w 178. Guerrilla theater6 K0 \3 p; z$ V) h8 X
179. Alternative social institutions
! X; S1 W" O+ i4 p" z3 L 180. Alternative communication system
# b1 k) v9 b5 \: X& ]( L' s6 u, j" _7 G# s& j# g d
Economic Intervention
( h3 `$ }5 d# |* e) q4 I$ ? 181. Reverse strike- p9 C8 I" R2 p/ y2 D) Z. e
182. Stay-in strike
) e1 d. @: E1 @/ y" F" [9 S 183. Nonviolent land seizure" h; R; M! V+ c+ K6 \: N+ S) U
184. Defiance of blockades
$ f3 |" ]* c6 L( k, t& t8 L3 D 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
. `1 F! v7 A9 ^! A1 E( c, H7 {3 i r 186. Preclusive purchasing
! M: k0 z2 U7 R+ X# i 187. Seizure of assets
0 J4 j S6 ~! H7 o9 q4 M N 188. Dumping! |; S8 k# y9 J4 D5 n
189. Selective patronage
( A4 l# t" T6 t 190. Alternative markets
% F$ {9 y$ `, y" Z6 x8 ^6 e 191. Alternative transportation systems2 J+ u2 J H" g9 g& x! E. D
192. Alternative economic institutions
+ J3 s3 l0 s% ^6 r* V; E- P3 `) X9 x+ s! O5 G% Z
Political Intervention
2 Q7 R+ V- R4 B. ] j6 A 193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 ]- N, @7 j" X4 ~) P) V! K2 e 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
) G: ]: b8 E* B3 z' f5 J* i3 o 195. Seeking imprisonment+ L* ^& x4 Q. |" b9 ?
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 x9 Q0 w" a1 j x5 x
197. Work-on without collaboration8 q) I! H& C: P, b
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 e' m+ j8 a) x" }
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
