 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& C/ m3 S$ w/ J% X* I. U9 y" |5 aFormal Statements
9 n+ [: I& `0 k 1. Public Speeches# s' z! b. h" ]; _. L+ k% ^, G
2. Letters of opposition or support [0 e: U; T% q6 @; i5 t9 K
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 T. l7 ^8 c3 K' }7 d/ T
4. Signed public statements- I: P' S% ^: l- E9 }4 Q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( F7 P9 O7 p, s. M 6. Group or mass petitions
3 W2 p0 F+ J0 B) K* e; [* ?. C+ _# A$ u' F4 l& L) B7 u8 K$ L
Communications with a Wider Audience
' N/ @2 c1 Q$ H/ {" m 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; g! o& Y; Q- I! ?* m 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 n6 p. x, s' G0 B) Z" _+ t% M 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
& {+ y( _% A& N$ Q" ` 10. Newspapers and journals
, A- A! v6 r# e- \/ J% A3 v5 ~ 11. Records, radio, and television
+ s: @$ w- t3 A 12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 {6 y# Q! M6 x) B1 U5 W$ a
& B$ f" Z9 T9 U5 P# aGroup Representations
& [, ?# R4 b5 R* m 13. Deputations
+ n& M+ o$ p9 q& y( A+ p5 a 14. Mock awards
: \; k$ c3 W, y4 F/ E 15. Group lobbying; N+ J* Y% s, p+ S# _" V0 h
16. Picketing# ]( w( z; i5 n$ S6 g p" g9 l
17. Mock elections! x5 V% w+ |! U
' O t% y( V: z: u/ Q6 x' rSymbolic Public Acts
* W# P; }7 a- Y7 t K" t4 v 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! z' Z' M7 r9 R 19. Wearing of symbols
! S. q8 o& E. Z+ U5 W. ~# s 20. Prayer and worship9 Z# ?/ B1 |; o1 W& c
21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 m5 w; N6 v/ @: \ 22. Protest disrobings4 z8 p) [3 N, @8 t0 }- w
23. Destruction of own property
0 I1 x: O2 \' c 24. Symbolic lights( ~* w% L9 H2 A8 [* y5 Y5 Y
25. Displays of portraits* d; w3 @ N s9 E5 ?4 Y) u6 X
26. Paint as protest
) x: B" ^( B0 o1 o! Y$ K- k 27. New signs and names$ k; D( @- E- M+ X% U
28. Symbolic sounds* t3 x3 e- I0 r
29. Symbolic reclamations2 a+ `2 @% O& u( c, i/ i
30. Rude gestures
5 ~" _/ [) D# O3 N" P6 b6 d/ M
Pressures on Individuals% K4 q! M; O* y$ d+ |2 @$ I& g& L2 N/ v8 k
31. “Haunting” officials+ L( G, Y. c1 L& T7 v
32. Taunting officials
, o. [6 v: G6 o4 U/ T6 f% e 33. Fraternization
/ ~ D% s, @" B2 O 34. Vigils6 ~ A* x, \3 C, N Y6 [" j1 A
6 {% w% |" k; ~/ _ E% \0 ]
Drama and Music
9 z3 C9 c- _+ B) V 35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 u6 W# x/ t5 ]/ b 36. Performances of plays and music9 x4 o+ m. J! _/ q) w2 \. ^# l2 C
37. Singing
9 a/ Y% z2 Q3 R$ {- ?" K! v
* K5 N' v" ~1 [ BProcessions3 B- D- L G4 P7 Q5 s ~ f- ~1 X
38. Marches- G: l! Y3 h2 K
39. Parades5 q! N7 R& R8 y
40. Religious processions7 ^! h* A' ^. @2 a4 B: |
41. Pilgrimages
! [ C9 g" B0 h2 m 42. Motorcades
0 M# `% j2 A& F( B) U% [
! i4 g8 ^. m- G4 l( wHonoring the Dead% ^) F8 ?4 K U* v3 L4 H
43. Political mourning1 r! n" x* m# j# |. l# U, {
44. Mock funerals- y l' w# v( C! Y J+ p+ z q6 \
45. Demonstrative funerals# T, M; ?; I1 ?2 x( t
46. Homage at burial places
' ?, V, Q8 t$ m9 E. s7 x2 M$ V: G6 @
: A5 z5 ?- V" p6 }Public Assemblies
4 D7 v' K* L. N7 A/ u1 ]! \! m# M 47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 J: n0 r* F8 R: y( {% l9 l 48. Protest meetings3 v: d" j! I" l/ q. v
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 z, U6 S M/ }; z 50. Teach-ins
& S& Z+ I/ e/ e9 @
) L1 q# |1 r# n+ HWithdrawal and Renunciation
+ f) E8 k! b1 _: B+ c7 S5 ? 51. Walk-outs& r) |% u7 j. S9 u& ]) v$ D
52. Silence2 t, m5 S7 m6 m/ P7 v, ^. @
53. Renouncing honors
8 `" f8 _" M! {5 @5 n( q3 J& y* ^ 54. Turning one’s back
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" G* C* Q, T! Q4 G, H+ q6 DTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 g! J% L7 R" V/ C
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+ q' A m" \. {! C
# \9 ?* V2 M( N2 }6 L# H, t& ~# ^Ostracism of Persons8 P* d( S$ p- c3 x+ M7 I
55. Social boycott* q, a+ A u7 d% ^" v% d, h
56. Selective social boycott* A, a% B9 ]& k t% }
57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 N. h0 q* D. }' N! \" \7 c 58. Excommunication
) m5 i# F$ O; |2 k' I4 ^: T5 | 59. Interdict4 ~6 Z% ^3 } i& I
& }# Z# `, n" W3 m4 l# s p4 ?* ?; |Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' e# c( _ N6 m& Z) X, ` 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; }8 ^* e) }- c! O, h2 S" T/ X0 A
61. Boycott of social affairs
' T; q U+ `& D' C* a 62. Student strike g+ K1 Y+ W; a# Z! [/ q
63. Social disobedience
) }8 P9 O$ [! L) s 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
}6 I$ F5 v( V; ~; O0 {9 |: P+ z) \, j( c- H
Withdrawal from the Social System
# r- E" b2 w7 I0 M 65. Stay-at-home
! \5 ^! ~) O5 G: A( H; Z 66. Total personal noncooperation
+ V+ M3 s8 H& T# ?) B, m 67. “Flight” of workers2 ?, t* w: \$ J4 }& b
68. Sanctuary
& F2 g9 a* |# F- C8 W) I 69. Collective disappearance
: G. c; z+ g# Y4 ? 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
! W7 A% |8 e8 T- S$ {: K5 v4 t8 E) R; X8 c1 l/ ~! U
7 j9 X1 Z7 t- d1 S0 i9 h) D
0 T& P3 b4 J" dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
4 k; Y5 b, x# m! w7 Y' ^" A* |" w6 a" j& \$ K/ r: i. D
+ I E+ H: D6 ~) tActions by Consumers: }. W* N$ h v# M" H
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 v9 a6 A3 ^- }4 N$ G# H 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( ?5 F Z9 F7 c0 Q: h+ O2 l 73. Policy of austerity: X+ J. v N2 Z) q5 O( [
74. Rent withholding ?' z5 h5 E/ W Q% k6 ]9 d) t
75. Refusal to rent
! L/ e9 k+ ]) }. g4 r 76. National consumers’ boycott& i: h" K$ c6 G; \; _* N
77. International consumers’ boycott) A$ ?3 B$ r/ N/ c+ i" o; h& u; L
& \( B& u- @- }$ }& w$ s8 c" NAction by Workers and Producers
1 H* ?1 S6 H0 O0 P( V8 Q& r 78. Workmen’s boycott
* R- l6 L; [+ l9 V( g0 G& c, c 79. Producers’ boycott
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* S+ E& I: Z7 m3 L. RAction by Middlemen9 g7 [' d5 _5 E9 D4 n- J' `
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 C# J- N' B" }
% `0 [8 F& `7 |4 j4 ~
Action by Owners and Management# x: k/ Q. F) W4 U- o
81. Traders’ boycott
; @, g ?! S1 d& y* R Q2 J 82. Refusal to let or sell property" X' v; S8 r7 N) @& w
83. Lockout( R% B; v, T9 r# k4 l
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, E" N1 \- |( K% u! E8 M& ^ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 \/ O* k, s' o; n6 ]2 R7 U' v
% {( Z( i9 K2 M7 n$ H5 }' \
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
) r9 \" B' J4 i/ d2 o1 `( k 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 p3 l6 D) }0 u5 n; L, J' k0 k
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 P1 B) i6 X2 q u
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 `. z! _3 f4 I, G4 Y6 i7 B
89. Severance of funds and credit+ w) _' R' c- n( p' @
90. Revenue refusal4 n, q; N5 ?' _: S
91. Refusal of a government’s money
. X1 Z2 c/ ]4 |7 c! ]7 m! o0 k! [
& A( L t0 E) w8 z1 D, ]8 hAction by Governments! h. y( q" r* L: i& _: }+ N# y
92. Domestic embargo& J7 @$ `0 o0 B4 H j% V
93. Blacklisting of traders) |& n( o- p1 E% [& H. R! A& n/ |( f3 h
94. International sellers’ embargo# t5 T% j2 i4 H* e' a/ b
95. International buyers’ embargo
5 D6 c. Q+ l. _9 h! M$ m 96. International trade embargo, H1 D2 l! |3 { @+ x
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7 B5 e; J' W% J- VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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) i% {( x* q9 h# K( ^% ]
Symbolic Strikes
: G: ~% l' D% t6 }7 @ 97. Protest strike
t7 {3 |8 W8 R$ u6 r4 V w 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
n9 [' a# L( Q9 R2 H) @( Y0 h
) t& c0 D. l8 y# U TAgricultural Strikes5 V; W* l; r& s2 _
99. Peasant strike
: {! \; f4 K7 V' n$ }7 _8 b 100. Farm Workers’ strike
# B8 |" o. T3 e) j6 H
9 E" k* l$ ]5 B7 ], w& z9 m( _Strikes by Special Groups$ r+ T6 F( F8 Y2 u$ y3 x, Z5 p
101. Refusal of impressed labor
) {4 v" F0 C9 |- H5 H- V 102. Prisoners’ strike6 L/ r7 b* u& s
103. Craft strike
- d% p+ `5 X6 @- ^) p 104. Professional strike
9 P' ^% K, a- T
& z3 t; ]" H' c9 Q& c& m3 J1 zOrdinary Industrial Strikes
1 H, D0 [/ d' Q, X 105. Establishment strike9 ?: j- a4 X$ U
106. Industry strike( F& v. R8 a0 n) E G) K& H7 Q. r
107. Sympathetic strike0 U. a# R& E u I
3 v- ~+ W& m% k* w6 S! {Restricted Strikes$ q, q7 O% p: s. g- [( D
108. Detailed strike7 W2 l8 [2 T1 m: O7 g+ I
109. Bumper strike
. U9 ^2 v5 n; m5 R: I 110. Slowdown strike
/ x H, W' Q F7 Q% ]3 ` 111. Working-to-rule strike
# D8 K# Y$ S! X; Z+ Z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); M# K7 [5 x% F
113. Strike by resignation* H/ h( I* U- H, K5 A0 p& ]
114. Limited strike0 L+ C7 ~+ j6 l, M
115. Selective strike
% t/ d _0 ^7 a6 f3 b, ~% P" f7 H, u. Q1 J4 P. f* ]; q
Multi-Industry Strikes9 s Z, O" C0 a% J+ ]
" a) ^$ d! L4 ~+ G) J% v
116. Generalized strike
1 n1 Z+ i% e& p2 ], p
# [ a, ^( v. y6 f7 h; Q0 ^ 117. General strike
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: a7 `2 m, n. W) H; fCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures/ L2 N. ?" P) O
8 } v7 v6 D2 y9 x- A. @9 I
118. Hartal1 G. g# t1 v7 ?
8 H5 f* F/ F2 S# M; E 119. Economic shutdown
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1 h. u% z: p$ O3 f. i
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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* }7 ?* e* c6 r# e9 S7 iRejection of Authority7 ~5 S3 W, I" _% Z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' C- G" O1 d8 q# C) L% h( ^ 121. Refusal of public support
$ N& p4 e: p V# M6 A 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& ~6 G3 h+ P6 c. j
+ a1 x t1 i' \5 o1 B" z {' \( h9 Y$ O
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 L6 Q `5 p7 b' }: E) A 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* m3 B6 ^7 n6 d% \' l5 W7 m 124. Boycott of elections0 z+ P; e$ a8 ^
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 J& `8 A; c X, f3 S6 p$ F 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies Y* \- j- `* [# |7 ?
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 Z( d$ F; |: }& v7 T
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- g+ z. R0 y6 v. V: h' X 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 F7 H. S5 E2 E. O/ Z! p# x 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
' P* p1 ]3 C8 |0 W& o2 V5 G 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) l' B# z+ o' W! p0 R6 g$ L0 b3 t
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions! q# a' E5 ]% P. |: _
7 U; p7 I; z d1 b( _2 ~Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 U9 H" m8 s. f8 Z0 r& o 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 S2 v: K0 U: ]" p" O5 X: A% Z: W 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision. O4 W5 _$ F. {7 Q$ v! L! O+ @
135. Popular nonobedience
+ i6 g7 T2 X7 t: e; b+ {2 l7 c& e 136. Disguised disobedience1 T6 ~. S! `# B" _
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ D0 A. n1 E! _; j9 S7 M+ g; n
138. Sitdown6 t0 I# \' ^. G! T
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
?/ }& f. _8 Z* E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ a e! ?$ h) L9 { 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
* N. B! `4 O# G) x8 A- d1 l+ h' s8 Q) D8 U' x+ k2 _" ^
Action by Government Personnel/ x- b& y/ P' H1 V# `/ l( ~$ R; d
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 ]4 @) v6 b! U2 l: r) W0 K. B
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ h! ?+ {; f/ V5 h$ f4 f 144. Stalling and obstruction
+ z; [2 V, X, T5 O* b 145. General administrative noncooperation" m, _0 `0 n' z+ l0 r/ g+ C
P) t5 S/ G$ I/ d/ h- `" o
146. Judicial noncooperation
+ d3 A7 j8 e7 S+ ]' |3 U7 t Y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; z% h5 y: ~3 W9 _ 148. Mutiny
, E! B' W& b/ ~3 {- ^' ?Domestic Governmental Action4 f4 J2 g R6 X: G
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays: [& C; g3 m$ s) m) O( J4 p
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ m q3 X, |& x
! D. l: X: t5 k* H0 a; wInternational Governmental Action; B' c% r* }1 n0 l" s" m$ b
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ B# Y) ~' [6 c5 P 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 M: M) k) ~. v& {! s& o% v
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! f0 W6 d7 |3 G5 C8 I, D/ v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- \. Y6 t6 {! {1 N& g, `2 E 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& X, O, l3 V% G/ q. F 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 Q3 [2 o" ]7 |" I4 `; Y" f
157. Expulsion from international organizations# L/ A' e( W5 ^- }6 U( h
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: S$ Q# G6 E1 U7 e7 ^# A7 [6 ?+ s
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$ ]% [( ^: d4 Q) r6 k, fPsychological Intervention' x* a' x9 k+ A6 j4 J( h" L8 `2 f
158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 b) s$ @: N0 g& | 159. The fast! r9 Z% O9 d( E
a) Fast of moral pressure4 a/ v3 L0 P& p6 P2 s: S- ? ^ Q
b) Hunger strike
/ y& i0 b" i. R: t3 ^ c) Satyagrahic fast
% b8 \# E7 Z/ r 160. Reverse trial4 W& Q, @ G# ^4 \. k
161. Nonviolent harassment0 f4 U6 o2 C; D. E9 |. ?
! l6 L8 Y! n P9 d0 G7 Q8 S, F
Physical Intervention
( A" Y; C/ M, t5 l' p- l$ d8 \ 162. Sit-in! g* C6 M. r2 |8 [% w5 ?
163. Stand-in
( \2 J R, C( C9 K) Y- c( o 164. Ride-in
( G4 P. q; z# i$ S4 g! t 165. Wade-in
" [8 t% c" L! }7 I1 o- I) v 166. Mill-in% g k- m2 @2 {0 r: J9 O
167. Pray-in
) c7 F7 t+ w0 T x/ O 168. Nonviolent raids
' O* {) L8 \4 J; l 169. Nonviolent air raids" _+ c. k, d! }3 {- M
170. Nonviolent invasion5 i/ R5 [' l9 Q4 {8 q6 w
171. Nonviolent interjection( M+ t3 U7 Q- \" ?) E
172. Nonviolent obstruction1 s" c" x/ E m6 R
173. Nonviolent occupation q1 R; Y$ i* j) `( ?& @
9 E# J7 J! t" I9 w& p9 L" l6 bSocial Intervention
0 x$ ~4 B- ^ }3 P* f 174. Establishing new social patterns) a& l% _# X6 R) {
175. Overloading of facilities! Q& s) C D9 K- L& }8 Z1 o
176. Stall-in
- N m- M: g5 v3 y; i7 A9 x9 v 177. Speak-in
: r: l4 h1 ?( x W, B 178. Guerrilla theater
1 Q4 L. y; ^( G* A: H 179. Alternative social institutions
4 q2 h! C" O/ R$ C 180. Alternative communication system* D, U0 u6 r; q6 M: Y* I
! z* ~% y, ^0 K' x) I( jEconomic Intervention) R1 C! m) c3 `" }
181. Reverse strike
4 b Z5 d- b; d6 g3 \' P9 S7 [ 182. Stay-in strike/ _, B+ @: S; Z5 g$ m( E) f4 A
183. Nonviolent land seizure5 `) @& k5 [7 o9 x( N
184. Defiance of blockades
4 U/ ^! L4 q9 p6 Q2 E 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& N3 X; j# j& ^2 E 186. Preclusive purchasing
# [7 M; I3 S6 t% K" a% f+ u1 j$ e6 ~ 187. Seizure of assets: p% D/ x# }2 E4 O$ G5 L8 Y/ Y
188. Dumping# u: ]6 N ? I+ V1 c
189. Selective patronage, u8 M6 O3 y3 K. W* N
190. Alternative markets' S0 p/ E, ^" r/ x1 x5 |* e, L* U! |
191. Alternative transportation systems
& E2 P7 ]& j- i9 ], k0 z C# ^+ g8 q 192. Alternative economic institutions
+ u* m0 h! j8 Z6 c2 ^
" F) Y9 G9 T3 B. y* O8 T& Q9 yPolitical Intervention0 q: l; k" K; D0 Y5 H5 Q
193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 V) A7 J) k* g. X$ G, J# O$ E 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 c$ Z9 u$ ^& @
195. Seeking imprisonment
' W! w- D# P* [ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 c, M0 P1 r' G' [2 c2 t. e5 i 197. Work-on without collaboration
" T& {* \3 h4 c, I# H/ z" t 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
