 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 Z f! a' }- bFormal Statements
8 E, d8 z6 \" i; `6 r7 n# |0 \ R& [ 1. Public Speeches
3 _. R5 {4 e/ C4 n, p2 t; c 2. Letters of opposition or support
3 v/ l' y2 d* W% e 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 e/ z0 j) ~( ^2 N0 S% J
4. Signed public statements
) I9 Q0 }) a' y' i 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 n# a1 E) d* }5 h3 ]$ C- U 6. Group or mass petitions
M+ T3 ^: n" O# p: y! y* w( l0 X$ U7 K0 V
Communications with a Wider Audience
$ G' }- U7 x r2 e 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" n. i; D; |( P! h
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 [0 `1 a' L2 f5 |7 V, f3 U 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, `- O9 p8 e3 G7 {
10. Newspapers and journals
: p' F, n0 f* I# i 11. Records, radio, and television& ^7 V( Y" j0 i- A ]. _
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ D: |6 S, W" u* o! J4 `( H8 y. y. W* F- P) m
Group Representations
( H3 ]2 `" {2 @7 m 13. Deputations% l5 s; w/ ?+ t! w7 k+ t
14. Mock awards/ T5 V |' T' F% y3 E5 L
15. Group lobbying
3 G1 P7 _. l! ]! f- k5 R 16. Picketing, j! P0 z3 O! h- n
17. Mock elections
$ l a1 E! \7 k# N6 l% @' ^) L5 } ]7 J
Symbolic Public Acts+ y; X( [: h: i4 ?
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% s _+ [8 R4 e3 N, L! n! P
19. Wearing of symbols
. v1 r- G5 F) e3 `6 ] 20. Prayer and worship, [) h8 L0 f# I1 W/ B
21. Delivering symbolic objects
& A: h7 ?9 V- y4 E 22. Protest disrobings5 t, h$ i& d. r3 |& _8 ^# N# n% x
23. Destruction of own property
B0 J. x3 Y* P+ u) F. K# y 24. Symbolic lights
! g* V1 y- `6 L1 d% H0 I 25. Displays of portraits9 L. \; D. q( a7 K6 z
26. Paint as protest
3 n9 Y, o0 o6 Q) p 27. New signs and names
( |7 s% a* d6 H& D3 }3 q 28. Symbolic sounds
% R6 a/ o: b( H5 k 29. Symbolic reclamations
- _1 X3 |" A b2 v4 E! ? 30. Rude gestures* t5 @( D- J2 b) [8 S3 u6 K% m
; r1 [ m, s3 o6 Q* H
Pressures on Individuals: Q6 c3 b, a! M( `
31. “Haunting” officials
( m p7 _1 c P% M( k& A% }4 g 32. Taunting officials0 h# j# T4 B: O: q8 P' K
33. Fraternization
1 W2 {( v4 z G$ a1 Q1 ]: n 34. Vigils
6 D7 M: ?, y; K& S) T
9 p2 Q( Q: Z+ T+ F) ?Drama and Music
z! \: u2 l# a; O0 z( Z 35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 i( q x% m8 x- Q7 Y 36. Performances of plays and music
9 I2 u( V7 a T2 ?, Y; a 37. Singing
: h$ s+ r6 W) n3 Q2 j3 o: Z2 q2 l9 t& [9 R
Processions/ i) u/ x( _; G5 h
38. Marches0 w2 I7 T2 U, _1 D3 A% V
39. Parades5 t# v' B8 O! P
40. Religious processions. P. D) B# o; K: J/ L/ [! @6 ]0 G9 m
41. Pilgrimages2 E. Q# ~- J/ w% f+ u, L8 P7 _- t
42. Motorcades
) K4 }9 M, \$ I) a: ]1 l$ U \7 s! ]1 \, {7 Q
Honoring the Dead0 ?( ~! a/ w2 I- W
43. Political mourning, |$ Z' h, ^) R; H
44. Mock funerals
0 H9 n0 o. X# K4 V 45. Demonstrative funerals& S3 d0 D# L k; R v
46. Homage at burial places
) L, n# m* t G$ m) [+ ~* H* W2 \! Y+ ^' [
Public Assemblies
. b" c9 L7 J* \( W3 a 47. Assemblies of protest or support, `: ]1 e& g1 R* Z8 ^7 m
48. Protest meetings- G1 y* X9 R: V
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 }- O& C2 e% }5 s* U7 U: H+ T
50. Teach-ins
! k9 K+ c! z" a6 p0 b
3 S, T F# O4 y# f7 r. j yWithdrawal and Renunciation, W/ Q4 |- K* Y9 i1 m
51. Walk-outs' n% M x |5 c: M, p& a
52. Silence
/ e! K3 y$ y$ k9 v/ u 53. Renouncing honors3 j7 R' \; w$ ^ D
54. Turning one’s back K! h3 W+ L# T, D8 E/ E& X% b
6 _" W/ T# q' ~; ?- X* z
/ _8 o: x/ a L3 ^3 u6 \, |$ f7 Y3 G
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' p* c g1 y* @3 D4 ?; _
0 J9 F9 B9 `5 a+ t ! Z" w* D) n2 B
; I5 o3 f8 a1 D/ ] O
Ostracism of Persons' p2 f: T% }% r
55. Social boycott2 j2 C' n- V \
56. Selective social boycott
. Q+ K; B5 u7 l: {/ y 57. Lysistratic nonaction- M2 m; i; \ a9 k* G! t1 R
58. Excommunication3 s7 ?, a! `( G! s1 K7 N4 E9 W
59. Interdict
# U. w9 p, I2 Q3 \' w/ P b: r0 U+ ?* V8 E& h
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' c6 k- A; m# K9 r: J+ L( b 60. Suspension of social and sports activities8 U" p4 q7 L% ~9 a
61. Boycott of social affairs
n3 t( p5 y0 ~% I2 H2 |3 ? 62. Student strike8 o( P" a) m0 q" ~8 ]
63. Social disobedience. q" q; b1 |0 V" ] J5 i' x9 b
64. Withdrawal from social institutions% x8 L! U: g# `0 u6 M
3 |1 n: S6 w& x) U E* @9 W, yWithdrawal from the Social System
# C% g7 v9 a- h( t1 N 65. Stay-at-home$ Z% E% q# q2 i" n
66. Total personal noncooperation
! \8 B/ R" R' x6 s' u- ^ 67. “Flight” of workers' t1 P( a+ |. m) S4 S, K; q
68. Sanctuary7 q0 I% ~7 v+ S; @# v% A; F* ]
69. Collective disappearance j! X: n i# x0 ~: O0 o5 ~6 O
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% q7 M3 h/ K2 v+ d5 w! @0 P6 ?5 S' w
7 `3 M6 v. V/ R4 f
3 @" t+ c% n# Z9 q
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
# t$ M- z5 r3 M: v' K' e# g5 |( |# @( S0 G) F% C
6 c. a8 c" n$ a# T; r- EActions by Consumers5 w3 z; ]; y8 |+ \
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 t v5 o9 K* ]0 |' B5 b4 f 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* m, ^: [# t8 G( t" f1 d8 j 73. Policy of austerity5 f' P `% k5 c4 a
74. Rent withholding
% \0 G; U# U3 e) [+ b 75. Refusal to rent( g( j1 C- M$ j3 W! f/ ^
76. National consumers’ boycott& C) p9 d" ?) o# {% b1 t
77. International consumers’ boycott4 k g5 F0 v t" a+ n' x
* _) C3 }0 @& O" }: @9 I1 VAction by Workers and Producers: W- k' J: c4 i& f* `2 b4 u( o
78. Workmen’s boycott
9 D( a* h7 z3 k 79. Producers’ boycott
; d7 D$ l9 p2 M
: f$ F: A7 |9 ^: S1 v; h' DAction by Middlemen4 a& i! X6 A% B/ g) A8 e* D
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: A5 |. a3 L; k8 l+ `* W$ C
; M: Z9 w3 m' e: }& pAction by Owners and Management. Z# ?1 K! P3 d& H) Y/ ^3 O" ]
81. Traders’ boycott
/ w2 D- I0 D, U1 W! w 82. Refusal to let or sell property: y% e( {' M7 n q& N
83. Lockout7 k4 y% h% P" q0 h# @/ Y* v
84. Refusal of industrial assistance; I4 Q7 ~8 I" g: Y! u1 F/ L
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. l' @* y8 Q, D- f
% ]8 ?' j* {) F! O6 q X/ \Action by Holders of Financial Resources& o1 c; A6 j y; g# @
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 b% m. Z; D$ N' Y+ g8 r- N" ` 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& [, F: @5 E6 z6 m; g: g 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 W5 N/ V# O& c* w {7 u; f
89. Severance of funds and credit
6 h+ c) r( Y+ Z* N: G$ j/ t 90. Revenue refusal3 _* p7 ?9 v. m3 k, o" T U
91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ d% b+ U! R- [6 k% f; p0 q; M& p1 e$ U6 w) h3 |; d$ |5 ^
Action by Governments1 G9 R4 f ]9 Q% H. o0 ~
92. Domestic embargo
( D* ]1 w4 o+ _1 N* n, v& ^; V/ Q 93. Blacklisting of traders
0 W! G2 ~' j2 i4 g$ B 94. International sellers’ embargo3 F/ B: B& E5 y0 m
95. International buyers’ embargo
9 A( Q# E9 S Q" e4 w# X 96. International trade embargo+ V' {% q4 D" c9 O8 D6 }7 Q( E! F% Y
) z) o2 |% ^6 p ( O. t, ~, U- `0 j1 _: Y- D# [
6 N" K1 Q$ o) f. Q* e- b# h# l
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: o1 y& U8 \' \0 A# T6 f; s$ j
( n. ?* ^) h" n/ c. o, x. {4 |
% B* D/ i$ o+ ^
Symbolic Strikes
& V: h+ K$ _% B$ d 97. Protest strike
9 D; l* L4 O# N% g; T' R& f 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 h2 |; A) E6 V: a3 x) X
7 N* t! H1 d4 Q4 V9 {Agricultural Strikes' Q( W( i- B; u
99. Peasant strike
w" H0 h" c! A, U4 ^# R 100. Farm Workers’ strike
* T ^7 W' v4 e4 b8 E! o r j+ f0 S6 ~/ k
Strikes by Special Groups; ~& Y5 }# a& A3 U& |. l
101. Refusal of impressed labor
# S# F: F9 ~. S& b5 y* q# C- U 102. Prisoners’ strike6 z8 L- m! _" ?% q
103. Craft strike
5 D: L$ B4 i# k1 z! P; K1 W 104. Professional strike9 J6 Z) g& s5 u& G; E, J
) X" J7 D/ ?1 J/ R/ m6 ]% JOrdinary Industrial Strikes9 n8 U& D. [( q. G# [ y/ D+ M
105. Establishment strike
2 b) I1 q3 R8 D4 W( V 106. Industry strike( q- |# G0 r4 A. J$ u. u
107. Sympathetic strike
6 {( P3 I* W5 [( g6 h3 a0 M+ L8 x8 j/ x2 F" u
Restricted Strikes) b) h1 t) {6 I+ h
108. Detailed strike
, u* T7 X4 y( P1 d& o 109. Bumper strike
/ Y% l* ]7 ~3 H8 @' \ 110. Slowdown strike
e! f; {! }$ q3 i# ~$ T% T 111. Working-to-rule strike9 A! Q, q$ u: A% F- V
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& v# h j' C2 V# f2 m! [ 113. Strike by resignation
: l' N' L6 V2 m6 n6 y- N4 j4 y 114. Limited strike
- l/ G; i" u1 ?! X$ N1 R( U. T 115. Selective strike
4 I; T: P5 I! ~( e3 }; t% C: v4 b, H
8 T$ x/ I, \- jMulti-Industry Strikes
2 p1 h! O& A, u9 [9 s5 ~
, c$ w0 |8 `- k! G. t- D5 a 116. Generalized strike
. y( H G8 N8 W' P! w8 F) N0 z- t. H W" G! T& w7 A
117. General strike
1 g: v6 K. @* x1 P }/ a& k( `: r" J1 Y. \- [: o
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures# {( x- t( y& o# ^3 U0 t7 G
4 v8 V6 e$ u: g
118. Hartal
& C Z8 S) m6 F4 h* Y
/ \+ c/ v2 n8 j) R* g7 a 119. Economic shutdown4 _5 P' E# {. C' A- g7 M
# \; q: v3 C- u: _/ L6 P" z4 V+ \
, S$ f6 D5 z. z. Q% ^: E* h
9 j+ q) H: z3 O8 z* fTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
* }2 v$ x4 g1 o% f+ @7 a0 x* T) Y9 C1 E7 s' t( ^# c
0 \ b5 x' y: f# r6 i8 iRejection of Authority2 U1 q( Y& f5 l1 E' C9 Y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# ~2 b/ L! E/ ]$ P$ W 121. Refusal of public support
5 i' l; L! t- G) G5 ^' L 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( X* P7 o8 t+ e& v1 Z6 ?- `
0 w3 L- i: ?7 J. M) K0 Z: k( PCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' C# [, t6 E9 k; }3 a) R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& g4 Q2 r9 d2 ^, U8 ^ t9 v( ^ 124. Boycott of elections
0 s* H5 c4 m' F( t: ^, H9 k& T 125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 a4 o7 `. Q7 X7 i$ V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: s+ z( Q/ L( A 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 S) _2 `0 ~0 a% F
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' A- O5 ^% f' m 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* @0 @7 x4 q; T' }9 X
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- b- ] h* D0 }) ?
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 O0 y, H4 f* d+ L: y
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& ?6 t" u: R3 E" z$ c9 t9 Q: M- L: i3 h2 J3 N- R3 d- i# u K8 t
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) P. D- k# \6 y) q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance ^7 q, M2 [& p/ B% n0 I
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 w; ]) w# W( P+ Q$ t9 ]1 p
135. Popular nonobedience
! K9 C; r2 w: I5 L 136. Disguised disobedience
+ g$ n& p' ]3 F. W 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 ?1 {3 K. b) n. W5 u) r8 y
138. Sitdown+ P8 X6 A/ T/ E# r, v9 |
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- U# K6 [* ^4 h/ P2 D; V 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& [4 _* y7 M; n+ P( I) t' r% H
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# b1 [( P7 Y4 v' M
( ~% Z: m/ ?7 o$ q: J6 M" v! g9 VAction by Government Personnel
9 S1 J' Q% M" h) m6 w 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- q0 Z$ m7 T7 r$ s
143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 {1 x5 e/ e4 D+ ^/ f$ h' r
144. Stalling and obstruction# O% p/ ^4 u( V6 E2 b0 B
145. General administrative noncooperation
( W, L5 {7 `% } t; V
6 S- |/ u7 ^/ c( Z, |$ \) R 146. Judicial noncooperation4 H, j. F" h3 B" J0 Q6 D
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 a; D% Q8 b4 N 148. Mutiny
5 Z- ~% b+ _1 ~# ?% j" HDomestic Governmental Action v9 u2 z% w: H, P* I
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; p, A$ W& g8 g. L
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units- y( h9 I$ @. b6 x9 O: G5 V/ @
) p" M7 ^7 g; A; G0 {9 [4 S8 KInternational Governmental Action" G( o/ h) a. x
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 S E" X. V( X; b. X; }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
6 x+ G2 G) k: |$ S 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ `5 ?6 H) Y- @8 x 154. Severance of diplomatic relations; J, C" O/ G& _4 E3 T- C$ _
155. Withdrawal from international organizations _. E* e4 P- O* B
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
% I- g! C2 n; y' l8 t. P4 A0 O 157. Expulsion from international organizations
: m( K3 l. M4 v4 x
( o! h' f1 I5 t, x$ ^9 e 7 ~0 w# Z- U% D" g# `6 O
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 \$ A% b: o0 J: a* J5 |
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@, W# z/ L) d t4 Y( h
Psychological Intervention* y7 ?9 n. d' o( @& ~0 J" i
158. Self-exposure to the elements; R. Q. R. i; v) L6 a8 H0 g
159. The fast
( |7 B6 m! c8 Y* v/ t# g$ _ a) Fast of moral pressure
: V" o- l$ F/ @9 o5 K3 j' l" x b) Hunger strike
) s* L! I6 _* Q2 S c) Satyagrahic fast& x9 C% Z- o1 V6 v' [2 Y1 U; g
160. Reverse trial" V4 V. q- [+ @/ u9 j
161. Nonviolent harassment
/ `, \3 |. l9 f0 h; A: X* j! B5 M9 z _% S1 r- r
Physical Intervention
6 H8 O4 e& I# Y8 [* x0 k: D9 g: N4 v 162. Sit-in
3 S; U' X4 H- o% c 163. Stand-in
: p6 C/ `0 t* f0 p5 z& F 164. Ride-in
; o3 |( l9 s% s' L 165. Wade-in' L5 }3 K0 G2 U7 f Y* f
166. Mill-in$ v+ P( d$ M3 ]$ {: T
167. Pray-in% z& `0 i9 ?6 F# a6 B. Q0 K! W
168. Nonviolent raids# V% V: ~3 B+ d. c0 e4 z3 P8 w6 y
169. Nonviolent air raids% C' [$ U2 T' i3 `& b, W! k1 H
170. Nonviolent invasion
9 H) ^( ^* e" D+ {( A 171. Nonviolent interjection/ w8 O% w/ V1 J! @/ {
172. Nonviolent obstruction
+ F' I' X# o: U% f y. z 173. Nonviolent occupation
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. v4 ]% W, Y+ N% V) ^Social Intervention0 q9 u$ u9 K7 z U+ |# f
174. Establishing new social patterns/ i! D' V$ }' q% s( ~$ {
175. Overloading of facilities
% N1 q( Q; s+ ^7 [3 k* { 176. Stall-in$ b' H& z, u/ o7 A3 b: ~
177. Speak-in( S0 }: L- c) F' {# w& [( s
178. Guerrilla theater' z, T# R( v+ C9 h$ z) c! |& W
179. Alternative social institutions! }# g5 I$ X$ Q9 d
180. Alternative communication system
8 I# @. [0 |: i* u; Y! L- a# W6 ^( x5 T' H2 W+ V
Economic Intervention L! G) i6 x& G! x8 e
181. Reverse strike2 z4 D$ U& U6 u- A1 Q2 K' a5 s
182. Stay-in strike5 N4 h, M0 F7 f# D$ V
183. Nonviolent land seizure+ w v) A: a4 [6 h( F
184. Defiance of blockades: t' }- z5 a0 G1 i# [6 O
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 A% I" N/ I3 E. K% Y: B 186. Preclusive purchasing, m" Q! f/ e5 k6 b" x5 T
187. Seizure of assets+ A, L1 q! u* K+ ?
188. Dumping
/ v' ?* I+ y4 u 189. Selective patronage
4 p9 F" e' J3 b 190. Alternative markets- u& l5 _# z) W5 Q
191. Alternative transportation systems
, I+ K& f* ~1 E/ i r 192. Alternative economic institutions- U# @* N2 A! B% D( J& p: ]
3 o0 ]& h O8 w. A: \1 YPolitical Intervention
% G/ x9 _0 R- R" W- j9 U1 B% z 193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 A# c# M2 p% W% S; f 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 j: E9 _) M* D2 ] 195. Seeking imprisonment8 [4 b# M% h4 e3 c# J0 {
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws l0 J B! }! x, _! y, e4 j
197. Work-on without collaboration& x6 l% o- t' a/ c$ }6 D
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ {3 h* P4 D7 E: R) n7 X* O* M3 @+ G6 R
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
