 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- S7 A: N$ j0 }: m( L' d, |Formal Statements5 e1 ~3 r" s& Y' o4 \
1. Public Speeches2 [% a7 a; \2 y& S) x# W
2. Letters of opposition or support
' t' J7 u* M& ]* Y) d$ q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% f/ f; ~4 v) s6 \3 B9 { 4. Signed public statements2 J, ]6 m6 u) n J3 p
5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 x- H _: o/ @3 v
6. Group or mass petitions
* v+ |& N8 v5 N9 o+ q5 k
6 F) I- Q' F4 LCommunications with a Wider Audience6 V! v$ `7 g+ {
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 p2 O" A J( e1 V 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 E, k9 p4 q! @. C! M2 y; a+ t
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 u1 v" L& n/ o. S7 E 10. Newspapers and journals& \: U) S) n: m- m2 V; j8 n( X/ G
11. Records, radio, and television, @: f1 p( A0 H9 i
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# {/ A6 N$ C8 `
6 r. J7 k; U9 P, m X8 pGroup Representations* }* w+ r4 M; I
13. Deputations
% U; X/ _' Y: T2 J/ a6 }- J 14. Mock awards! L& m) c b# ^$ f
15. Group lobbying
7 D* Z y8 F, @% m" y3 X# S1 [ 16. Picketing9 z; ]* m8 E6 w
17. Mock elections
& i, C4 D) y8 t3 a9 W9 E- ~' l% h1 w8 x6 n9 Q
Symbolic Public Acts
' B, v0 f" y. I 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 v7 _% e9 C+ q# T! ?. a
19. Wearing of symbols
& |; \7 w: q# g; P- R 20. Prayer and worship0 p4 X8 ^; Q" E& P+ U
21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 i7 i4 P2 u. G. Z) s 22. Protest disrobings
, ?- @% x/ m/ [" z: P/ B, } 23. Destruction of own property3 x7 A! e/ D7 `% j+ p5 `5 a& n; Q
24. Symbolic lights( m8 E5 c( B, C, H3 I2 D; Z: _$ S
25. Displays of portraits
( Q8 E1 T3 A* v& ~$ k: [* g 26. Paint as protest2 N( H0 m" e# u2 l% C
27. New signs and names" x u$ ~2 L4 V! D, T
28. Symbolic sounds5 n! m% D% o! K" f) ^
29. Symbolic reclamations
8 l) [5 ^, U9 s" a" ~ 30. Rude gestures, r/ ?2 E4 ]" Z% c+ l( @
8 L: g6 Z# N' ?2 ~; f
Pressures on Individuals
2 ]5 j3 }4 B9 @5 t% y: `: E: x 31. “Haunting” officials
% N3 C2 A. A" T1 K* q# V b 32. Taunting officials
% K% g @& r) M. R$ s 33. Fraternization
' \$ s5 `8 _6 t7 z 34. Vigils8 {5 O# l, ^1 J g( G3 b
0 b8 k5 f* Q) m7 D% wDrama and Music
* _0 ^/ X- M. {% t; j. E6 L 35. Humorous skits and pranks
( w1 Z6 p o1 m! {9 Y" o/ A 36. Performances of plays and music
\1 R6 i0 E. c1 C' G 37. Singing5 `' }4 Y5 s6 s/ E4 `
/ g5 `% \7 F- s2 f, A$ `8 P7 BProcessions2 x% b6 Z' [/ t5 ^
38. Marches
3 Z( ?, A& k( _8 c 39. Parades
% W2 N+ d# ~+ x2 |& n# y' q 40. Religious processions
) x6 F& j0 r2 t' y T! t 41. Pilgrimages
% k6 o6 s: ~: e3 b 42. Motorcades
2 U- h2 [ T! `/ Y2 g9 X) l1 P1 I7 c. w) A: r5 N8 j
Honoring the Dead* ^1 w c9 s% v6 n/ L$ H/ Z
43. Political mourning0 N. H- E9 B( B5 S" Q* w% P
44. Mock funerals
8 v3 Z0 {' ^3 ~* P1 z% m7 P- ~1 ? 45. Demonstrative funerals
5 x$ |" G7 [* C1 Q 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
! `# Q, i6 ~4 m1 T7 W 47. Assemblies of protest or support1 \8 l$ x# N, I9 J; Y0 ?
48. Protest meetings5 A/ n. h: Z* C. q C4 ~% X
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) j' s; e: j x8 j! F 50. Teach-ins# I( I3 I3 I8 ~$ _$ A5 V* t1 q; B
8 d+ r/ \" l8 J7 U+ a5 eWithdrawal and Renunciation& g; v; ?* q8 @" k1 m$ |( N+ T
51. Walk-outs
, y% l; h; E; `, E8 `! X! Z; h 52. Silence6 F t& V4 _" P3 [/ m! m
53. Renouncing honors6 |. w: t* q% `4 i
54. Turning one’s back
% p5 ^# T, n" U, D% g
9 g; \0 v- h: F& D , r. _8 A# X' ^, b4 X. C s" l
# c# c! g6 h# r+ F6 l5 |9 o8 W- i
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
" j, ]% U) y" b% `$ u V
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8 o" b9 S/ z/ c$ {5 @
" }- N6 ]: V: ?4 _' oOstracism of Persons0 w! M# g' L" v2 h
55. Social boycott" ^1 Y( A( x% R
56. Selective social boycott. o7 E3 H- x1 j( E2 {. I
57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ w+ v0 T6 \1 E; ^' i Z$ A 58. Excommunication
' H7 V1 S' c I8 F" C( s+ O5 x: {: a 59. Interdict
! o% {$ M3 [$ B4 q
1 p- N/ j) D- {7 ]Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& ^8 k+ C( U+ C, }1 B 60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 e4 I& N% i! \, k9 t& W
61. Boycott of social affairs
+ J, t0 ~+ {8 j# d$ `9 J# ] 62. Student strike$ h4 r; Q) l4 f! E" @( G
63. Social disobedience1 e. \' k( g7 ]
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
3 ~* a! B7 |3 r% ^( D$ N
0 L5 Q! @) O* n pWithdrawal from the Social System
" q! _+ s0 V; Y" r& _ Z' t6 Y 65. Stay-at-home6 s) s1 X# z8 V( [8 e$ ~' g# z2 m9 P
66. Total personal noncooperation r3 M1 U. y: s" C1 e
67. “Flight” of workers& B# o7 j) d9 g6 n7 ?6 M: l4 E
68. Sanctuary
+ z8 O4 r. F6 D$ n& k: M% x; u 69. Collective disappearance0 H/ i: q3 ]* Z, \/ S, i: u
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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' ^7 Y0 ], {1 _) w; F+ I6 c! WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 t* w, P3 e% y, ~
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( m, q. D& Z/ eActions by Consumers, @; s* F5 g( w. b B- X
71. Consumers’ boycott
0 B" P; a. i: x, g) J l9 k+ C 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 o1 i3 ?3 m+ |; ]) R. S 73. Policy of austerity
* k& r; B( k2 k, M6 B5 y. H 74. Rent withholding
# L. \7 l4 I. F5 h- p' v" y1 p 75. Refusal to rent. r# K3 \5 B/ S7 y; `' u( S
76. National consumers’ boycott
! \8 l7 d4 K% i9 y 77. International consumers’ boycott" h: E) I3 [ I! f2 e- s
* m0 U2 [8 Q2 b( T' T4 M3 eAction by Workers and Producers5 e; r s8 e a4 a& f" Z
78. Workmen’s boycott0 M, l& N4 M+ w% `
79. Producers’ boycott
5 b# y% g& ]& p% b
8 F; S5 L y' x8 W( q! TAction by Middlemen
& Q, v0 A/ F8 V8 Y0 T4 A 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
8 T [+ i* a0 p1 N' |4 z; a s4 x
- S8 J# m. ^# o# A! KAction by Owners and Management
/ q) D. y1 }/ N1 S8 C4 l 81. Traders’ boycott
( p5 s$ Y8 _2 B/ b 82. Refusal to let or sell property% f- B! z& H5 ]9 j) W
83. Lockout! H" s2 [+ W5 o5 R- c+ L6 D1 Y+ |+ I- Y- z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ Z) u0 J$ Z4 @% p! [3 z& D
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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% P0 J @" p! q. J4 x) uAction by Holders of Financial Resources# o5 R) o9 X" m }
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 R v8 o# V, I, i- Q. j
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, b( w. \# U, }0 |% O
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; E0 o ?8 c5 H# a7 ? 89. Severance of funds and credit& e& d# |: z9 S9 j5 k' x" ^, j
90. Revenue refusal( ]; \. P2 w+ N8 B9 U
91. Refusal of a government’s money
0 `3 H5 i: ^9 v6 ]3 N
0 x- z: n& D2 ?9 i1 ]% M1 @Action by Governments
0 t0 I% \. k' U* Y 92. Domestic embargo8 e1 J+ S/ \/ _% R$ J$ m1 L8 e. v- L
93. Blacklisting of traders; F4 r1 h6 I) ?# G* v5 j+ I
94. International sellers’ embargo+ c/ Y" q! b1 Z+ R: S
95. International buyers’ embargo
Q8 o$ d, S) J6 } 96. International trade embargo% X" d/ y2 Z3 T9 P+ D7 }/ J9 K
# x- K- w. {( Y6 F + J- h) f k5 T0 y% F' q
$ A' }! V* Q9 j/ s z, i3 BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
$ j1 w% D3 i% H3 d: ?) }8 a- q0 i& r- A: h& D$ k" k( u2 _! @1 m+ L
4 Q# Q& a# x# \' Y
Symbolic Strikes# H" d3 H ^4 n9 ^8 d7 }) q
97. Protest strike* L2 b/ F# Y5 }& T9 R; m# r i+ o# {
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 U* `, X% A6 {
; F9 {4 L" G9 s+ j, D$ T4 W7 ^Agricultural Strikes
3 i3 p8 Y$ ?, j+ T' U g- k 99. Peasant strike
7 q) J5 T' K- {; L- a' a' [9 n4 ?6 g 100. Farm Workers’ strike
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' A( a& U8 ^& ^) `6 o. v( b aStrikes by Special Groups
6 x8 g+ |6 a! b/ L* {* x* l- ? 101. Refusal of impressed labor5 l( O" j% V( B
102. Prisoners’ strike$ C: L- c0 r+ G( v; [6 L
103. Craft strike
" a2 X" f' I; m/ S: L5 @1 U 104. Professional strike s/ ~7 b& @3 W- w q% Q) i
; [ M8 L: v$ L% S5 aOrdinary Industrial Strikes D: m. r3 H1 A7 _( a
105. Establishment strike
/ N& L/ U7 y8 W S+ } 106. Industry strike
- B7 _* H: o' { 107. Sympathetic strike/ X9 p/ A6 K( T2 C# H( Y
& D T$ L: F' i8 n5 M% |: nRestricted Strikes. P u$ Y; } t3 Q
108. Detailed strike6 k- D! N* L3 d- c, S3 h
109. Bumper strike' o$ d0 C% m% S' E; x& ^
110. Slowdown strike
8 z# c' M! g% ^% x 111. Working-to-rule strike
- T, h4 }6 W) Y# t& }& Q) j1 a 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 g' o- D; F/ e- ?" C& b, [ 113. Strike by resignation
. x7 L }) I$ {4 {+ I2 } 114. Limited strike4 R. g8 c. h( A; R+ L) ~/ ?7 @
115. Selective strike1 D& f) M8 T& B7 a( F+ F
$ D1 X* y) T% |Multi-Industry Strikes5 x. }4 d1 t$ J. B' R# [
! h8 k; k. T" @6 Q4 b 116. Generalized strike/ x% Y! |+ P, t/ R
$ {# A$ g8 l+ D) N) j 117. General strike' p% e% u0 ?6 f. w3 C
2 x% X9 L+ x5 {& l
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
2 p/ S9 w- S# j$ ?+ H' h$ Q0 Z h6 s, A, H6 j3 b9 w4 a4 y
118. Hartal
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1 u9 ?. I, E0 e! x4 W 119. Economic shutdown
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) a2 u5 `" v$ L% j* P: @; TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 f( u4 g2 Z; q: @3 `1 |
$ p( i8 l! L) Z6 e+ K' ?6 M8 }9 J7 ] . b; b/ ^2 {# g3 Q
Rejection of Authority6 l, @$ f& w l# J/ b' d' T$ c
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* _* s9 W# \' ? |# N 121. Refusal of public support
9 G8 T: h7 ?; x- X' L 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 G" @0 T' r( l) Y
; z7 W6 m ] L0 sCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
7 O3 p6 I# i3 j% Y" Q 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
3 ~% S$ n* x5 j5 q+ N 124. Boycott of elections5 m$ z1 \4 O( q5 f# b7 k
125. Boycott of government employment and positions# {, k3 n# Y7 a+ ~% j3 M
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 U& X4 d2 R+ C4 a- n# Y# W 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions9 ~ p9 p/ f" [3 W% r5 g* w
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; T, ]5 f. \9 ^/ r% [# k) L& r 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 {. Z* F1 a* Q q# Z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! |( g' N6 J7 x x0 Y9 }
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# j* N$ R3 ^: I9 ~4 o# b
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: Z3 U4 i) [0 T# C$ _
7 ~/ z7 i8 l$ \( p5 f$ Y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; Y) {. e) u- f. P
133. Reluctant and slow compliance! H% I) k K* C$ U
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, e' J( M8 `/ m' i( N! r
135. Popular nonobedience1 {9 K4 b1 `0 t; I6 ]/ G
136. Disguised disobedience
; n9 _( ?3 Y, c- B1 N$ x6 o 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 k% X/ ]( R. G8 I' Q/ Y/ j
138. Sitdown5 b! [ Q' O% u9 W2 i& a
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 Z9 v" F- ?* l8 w$ o+ W1 d/ ~
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 r! M z- R2 ~0 X6 x, A7 e
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 ?4 a' _" F1 ]! n6 V
) U @: T: V' ^$ H
Action by Government Personnel- b+ m! T; u, v, _" E5 u3 X
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) p. f' V) n# B. Q: f- g
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
, r! T# X" K( [4 G: x( T; z 144. Stalling and obstruction
2 {" D( b* w3 P" ?2 b X 145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation
' P C; Y, n& ?: l- ?( e 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ x) b0 ^ [5 m 148. Mutiny* s( G2 ]" D* h# _1 U/ F
Domestic Governmental Action: \2 q% s6 k$ B" `
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- m8 A' A5 H H" ^ ?0 M
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! X* b o+ j9 l# h1 @0 c
. ~. B2 p& ^9 Y# M# @: L! lInternational Governmental Action# Y" {9 j9 q4 m: g. D
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 ^( D* X/ h I! O& F
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' G$ J8 v2 n7 i6 X 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' X! V1 v6 A9 ]4 Z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 z8 u. Q$ K6 n; f* g7 x) d
155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ u" b0 D m2 x& x- }' b
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; \0 I" i- N# l- A8 h# | 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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5 _$ g5 M5 A6 L. m
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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- K n6 T2 Q' V2 ?2 FPsychological Intervention; v4 ~5 l; p E' R$ b. {% z* N6 ~
158. Self-exposure to the elements
" z0 v6 g8 ?2 v 159. The fast
; U. q+ s, L; i* R) } a) Fast of moral pressure
8 ~3 ?: u+ Z6 R$ D3 h* W- \: M b) Hunger strike: g: l$ A1 n$ s0 f5 e& z/ l
c) Satyagrahic fast
g! a" a5 {) }8 o5 u 160. Reverse trial
% T) r) O6 @( L, } 161. Nonviolent harassment
; q4 z0 K: h+ g& d9 n8 C* D& C7 p; p& `% V" z. V7 P( E
Physical Intervention
5 t; e' A9 |3 C/ h1 q: W 162. Sit-in0 K- g" g& L; O- {. A1 x4 G9 U& E; ]
163. Stand-in+ n) [0 X, P8 f: ]/ S
164. Ride-in
2 |: k3 i6 f) T! p3 ~ 165. Wade-in
; Z) U9 ]& L& K& \' G+ h" I 166. Mill-in4 z2 x& k* [: t- h
167. Pray-in
- P! _7 X3 ~4 R4 e g" P 168. Nonviolent raids) \$ ]0 J5 }3 L
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 B3 [' h$ b7 ?$ g 170. Nonviolent invasion
: N, G$ R# Z" v+ S1 J* g( S 171. Nonviolent interjection& V4 D- J' G" E+ F j
172. Nonviolent obstruction* V" H8 Y8 Q: X/ F; T D X
173. Nonviolent occupation3 X; i6 T0 G' y$ `$ ?) l# m- \- q$ A
8 a2 v! A) k0 R# p, L2 L. i, lSocial Intervention
, ?& H) b1 d7 Z, a7 P 174. Establishing new social patterns7 r1 c% E v% }# c7 z3 }) ^& s
175. Overloading of facilities
9 ~5 `4 @$ k% j" @) K 176. Stall-in
- B9 G* B+ b6 _ D0 F' H 177. Speak-in, M2 b5 w' T8 c8 a7 r
178. Guerrilla theater: u2 Z( b q1 Y$ o
179. Alternative social institutions3 B% l) x- ^& H! O+ }( V+ @
180. Alternative communication system
5 V# r, w+ j2 I, ^; E c' L
2 Z T8 B/ r% ]9 OEconomic Intervention9 c8 n- t0 K/ U! G8 A) {3 v7 I8 U( r
181. Reverse strike, g# h7 o, ~! R$ m, n; K. {0 ~
182. Stay-in strike
% Y3 d6 X0 \7 e. o% Z% q4 ` 183. Nonviolent land seizure
! G1 \) q) A" s, Q/ U7 r- U& p- X 184. Defiance of blockades
3 ?2 a) Q8 u& v. Q* K N 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' X# y$ T$ Q* G _
186. Preclusive purchasing! s$ i. j5 K& T& z1 h4 k3 Y; ?
187. Seizure of assets6 e! D6 F- N9 r7 |& ]
188. Dumping
: O, @8 b3 v% S+ _4 t: [ 189. Selective patronage
( _* r# u6 ?/ i9 i 190. Alternative markets9 D6 g5 C( Y8 n& b6 ?
191. Alternative transportation systems8 N s1 v: K4 j; A0 y6 c o
192. Alternative economic institutions7 m3 ~- q) u8 Q+ n- T
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Political Intervention
4 W* R/ |$ c. P1 N3 k7 p 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% M% p6 ^9 K* }$ B0 e; K& t+ X; } 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
/ T: p: ~+ s& ~) V3 G 195. Seeking imprisonment& D5 p/ \' K. y' t; W! M* [- ^7 ~
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* P5 Z! p! y- g0 i 197. Work-on without collaboration* Q: ~7 \8 y# Z; m
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
