 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" j6 Z$ F J+ n( g. f2 |6 j4 ]* l" l7 Q
Formal Statements$ z: k' z2 f5 s* _( o4 t+ P o+ j
1. Public Speeches
2 k. b5 y9 e J2 Y3 i 2. Letters of opposition or support
0 c2 o- M0 t. O) L 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 J k2 _5 _8 R, e3 n& R
4. Signed public statements
5 d3 G$ f1 _) T R4 h5 u; v- ? 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& J; c3 o l A1 W 6. Group or mass petitions" O5 F( `- v! t$ ]& e
6 c( e0 b3 ?/ N
Communications with a Wider Audience, ?: M4 N+ g3 ?9 a
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, I0 V. q5 g, L8 w' ]' x
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' N, K. Y' X9 ^! } 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 s4 o: z7 x0 b
10. Newspapers and journals
4 H2 y; M9 o, ^9 I1 ]4 D 11. Records, radio, and television7 N+ Q8 s( v7 L
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( N* P# M6 G# N6 s% R
3 D8 e4 o1 {" w( {Group Representations
* X( n( ^% P5 ^8 j" U" M, K 13. Deputations
% R% z, ]* Q& Q ]5 W& [' W 14. Mock awards3 U0 x, c) j8 P& z# o' m
15. Group lobbying
+ `% k( O8 G1 P. ~ 16. Picketing5 N6 P5 V. ]9 w& R2 j1 \
17. Mock elections
& Q6 m0 N5 B* d; j! Q2 I7 [4 J, X5 R: ?
Symbolic Public Acts( r. j- y" E! C. `% }2 v. M
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
1 k; z4 h# `$ y5 s0 a% Q 19. Wearing of symbols- `' X2 R" \7 H
20. Prayer and worship
1 e0 x, V: J/ L7 d 21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 [" d9 U5 s: n( A2 q 22. Protest disrobings
' L! S7 F3 _' n' R5 d! j" I% F6 t 23. Destruction of own property
# m+ {6 U5 [3 B( x 24. Symbolic lights- r* W3 \% f- v/ s9 ?/ }1 Y
25. Displays of portraits) Z- e+ r9 f& s! n! E+ H) `
26. Paint as protest
6 Y! N4 s) Z* ]( b# ?0 U 27. New signs and names* V& B2 u# T# W8 g3 Y+ \
28. Symbolic sounds
6 R( E# v! P0 S v! ]0 w1 E 29. Symbolic reclamations
0 o4 L0 c* e/ u" _& O# a8 _ 30. Rude gestures$ H& _3 M7 j8 }" z6 V4 [
" h5 h" ?# i( e( Q: s' T1 WPressures on Individuals
& Z. c0 L2 Z9 _% N( e$ a! T 31. “Haunting” officials
5 e, k( t" v" F0 a2 i 32. Taunting officials
; e- j3 F5 v1 V' g 33. Fraternization
6 k* E! t. p: w. `; L. d 34. Vigils
/ k7 z# b) w1 v% J0 w9 D+ d- v
- Q5 s$ R' a2 d1 N$ hDrama and Music
4 M0 }$ t$ Z2 g9 e5 A0 N( K 35. Humorous skits and pranks
) n* [& S; S( c; z5 g6 I) F 36. Performances of plays and music
9 c- @" e+ k) X 37. Singing
8 W/ G/ m4 y# Z/ q# r; X, _
( O y0 ^- M- D3 Y1 s% {+ l: pProcessions+ B+ I+ E( A7 A3 G9 j
38. Marches) u1 y! `0 B/ A$ A4 J
39. Parades
2 f4 Q6 d$ f3 o/ v 40. Religious processions4 u5 ~0 H0 u! ^
41. Pilgrimages
) y0 B" H$ k' R" `" l5 K 42. Motorcades
% c* g& e- W" R+ F' e7 e2 |8 @4 W, }: j4 U# H2 ^
Honoring the Dead
1 [# u. L1 e5 c& X5 l7 K* N; v% E 43. Political mourning& q: I; Q8 d% b3 X8 x
44. Mock funerals/ e T" v; L) I4 y$ B
45. Demonstrative funerals
. Y, X( a7 U) H9 ]' v1 o6 ^ 46. Homage at burial places
' B# n, v. h" f# m: X+ x+ N. Y. _! c( H! N5 ?0 Q3 m3 Z
Public Assemblies
/ }2 o7 _ l5 |1 M$ G# u 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* P) @. f( N/ l, d 48. Protest meetings7 ?" K: z* j+ j* R
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ I8 K o3 n0 c- \
50. Teach-ins: N9 A3 z/ t- [% A6 F* e+ U
, S4 w0 S; e) f% G! o4 VWithdrawal and Renunciation3 q6 G3 y3 z. o8 {/ N) u3 J
51. Walk-outs5 E5 b* a) ], U, ?: D( y3 \ Q
52. Silence
% Y: t# k8 q( k7 f. h1 a 53. Renouncing honors% F6 I& M# S# K: Y3 ?" N: G; s
54. Turning one’s back
) L: `( G, D; E
! V; E" j' {# J1 [0 ] ! v" V- Q1 O, B8 I8 m/ Z6 {
0 }! f+ \4 u) l$ w* FTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* S* V* _- \5 t) D
7 i; ~! o- I, O
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- X+ Z+ L* I: t+ f1 {Ostracism of Persons3 {3 V% h: P! v' G4 U+ Y
55. Social boycott& Z6 G' u: u7 f, ^# a! i
56. Selective social boycott- e- Y8 P8 F# P$ r# c- ?' @2 ]6 q
57. Lysistratic nonaction- K1 W$ }3 L% m! z- N& x, x
58. Excommunication+ G' H( F) E+ Y" p3 E- k' S
59. Interdict
$ l. r1 L0 c6 x- K5 j Z5 _ u% |) {* _
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 I% I6 s x; r* J6 n7 Q5 L 60. Suspension of social and sports activities% j9 u$ O, V; N+ ]3 P0 n
61. Boycott of social affairs- l1 Q) |2 l4 ~5 M5 \# Y2 P
62. Student strike
/ [( z! E5 t5 s. L& [ 63. Social disobedience
+ c( |/ A6 g/ \. x 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 z; M4 P k3 i+ E* @. Y( k* Q& s# i2 m- Z+ J
Withdrawal from the Social System8 R# s+ i. M# S$ q: w% I. H- g
65. Stay-at-home% @% Z9 ~5 V' ~- e9 }" X& a* o
66. Total personal noncooperation5 Q% r& d% S4 G, \9 c
67. “Flight” of workers
7 _0 X! Y/ D; j! l' y3 { 68. Sanctuary& s' g8 ]. @* }- r
69. Collective disappearance2 I$ }* X% e& Q- `8 @+ g6 H- q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ x' A% S0 R4 M5 J& x7 t4 O0 ]6 W" W% }9 ` E
9 }8 Z" t$ Z. [2 N' n' x
( Q' d* s& V+ b, p" V1 eTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
2 k( p( w6 X! }+ {
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) e1 W! A/ n4 v: p. ZActions by Consumers: w) g Y: T, u% C# }
71. Consumers’ boycott% A9 j- [3 o- w2 ^( i/ U0 n; i7 [5 I
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods% t3 D& @5 P& e. ]: p* X
73. Policy of austerity
( ?/ E; K7 E) T: q 74. Rent withholding: V$ ]( H+ Z: y- J
75. Refusal to rent
1 }) b8 u b' N* M/ s. ^ 76. National consumers’ boycott
5 x( K7 B# e" [. |6 K9 G 77. International consumers’ boycott" T3 [/ i! Y; }& J8 m) s
$ \0 e. E2 V9 c6 w
Action by Workers and Producers2 C6 L4 u+ }/ c5 m
78. Workmen’s boycott$ j( o8 A+ ~% q/ ~5 q+ _
79. Producers’ boycott0 q5 f' B+ R5 _
, X8 \) c2 q0 Y R: bAction by Middlemen$ q2 d t; I7 U' x) Q8 U9 \
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 N1 x' B1 o9 p2 N" z! ~
+ D9 }0 q% O0 Z" wAction by Owners and Management' \2 y& w/ H( _$ B; v0 q- t* D
81. Traders’ boycott
* }" | u$ w& ]1 C- j2 y 82. Refusal to let or sell property, `$ P6 M6 { u" X$ o5 q
83. Lockout
$ |. ]0 D" e8 G; G 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 |# ], \0 A- X/ R) z 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. ]$ f j7 |) a, Y* ?
( I% x5 w/ p' t4 vAction by Holders of Financial Resources
( \+ @& J. O3 v6 f9 @ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 D1 H, |: I" u* S2 }1 e7 Q- _
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) i8 f: ^9 N/ m+ _ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 T9 h; ^& I; f" m- U 89. Severance of funds and credit- I3 Z3 W. C- j; [1 F" u
90. Revenue refusal
% X' z, B8 p) j0 W 91. Refusal of a government’s money
% G! M2 t9 c' G6 H% U* F5 \& i1 u1 _5 w
Action by Governments
% O _* ?, e7 Y& E- T( T3 r0 P 92. Domestic embargo3 k' k! e6 ?- d" ?
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 \4 E* r0 W! w* ]/ n1 V* {8 S 94. International sellers’ embargo$ v. U5 k8 Y! P2 r( p# k; ~# f
95. International buyers’ embargo5 s# q6 a- z# y" E; x) z2 j3 t: X
96. International trade embargo. L8 G# ]; d }4 C6 s. J2 l
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: y& v, R/ [$ l) _2 b0 oTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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' @% V7 I# r0 T% v7 v& ?; kSymbolic Strikes& Q. d# v* B6 l8 x
97. Protest strike
" \8 v% _/ b) K# f2 Y$ y0 W! W 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 i5 T' y7 v3 w9 w( B, A1 P' Y3 B. G( b6 X0 [ ^) \
Agricultural Strikes; C4 d, \1 u; d4 H$ W
99. Peasant strike
2 G& O8 Z" J( f! \1 A } 100. Farm Workers’ strike% `; d9 X2 M2 z9 f h+ C
; _# Q1 F& P9 G5 W4 \- {! b& ^Strikes by Special Groups
. p0 Y0 g) V9 I8 _! y0 v 101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ O& T0 A0 w6 x- t& a9 T5 A 102. Prisoners’ strike8 m5 |' m& `- B) [$ y
103. Craft strike6 Y4 C: ]: E3 E$ ~5 p1 s
104. Professional strike
9 q5 ^: C, `) Z9 H! P9 H( E5 h7 V0 `3 r9 @& q( `2 S1 p! F+ b
Ordinary Industrial Strikes; t& b3 q" }$ f1 ~" S+ N3 y2 ~
105. Establishment strike
6 w9 d5 P% G( U4 Y" r* c7 y2 r 106. Industry strike
" n' h: O9 O+ }) t: W 107. Sympathetic strike
/ M9 E" S: T$ f; ^; J6 {
E9 o& o- m2 h3 GRestricted Strikes* k7 h( f d* i2 l7 H
108. Detailed strike2 W5 `$ i7 a5 @4 l
109. Bumper strike
9 h/ m& w& u8 t 110. Slowdown strike4 B! Q4 l0 ~: f+ c+ Q, K
111. Working-to-rule strike& M; a# m8 r* l6 T6 L5 H2 m7 K
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. ?! o" H) C% S& _ 113. Strike by resignation
% \8 v" \% A5 A& y4 t9 d 114. Limited strike
: m2 V! b. S) ~, R0 I 115. Selective strike
. T& x3 o, f h3 i8 b: `4 e. r E2 c! c8 ?, R
Multi-Industry Strikes- d; W* T/ q+ F d( e7 o3 ~
% j, A7 N" l7 u& q2 _
116. Generalized strike
# }( H/ q! j' ]1 K L" Y8 F4 S* V; W% P& a+ e/ z, `
117. General strike7 Z3 ]5 s6 }2 o9 \+ A) i
( ~0 k8 W1 N/ J1 G+ n7 F) nCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- ? u7 b* b9 ~& q8 o5 J
( O& w6 {; M- K( K4 L( v0 M; H 118. Hartal& E1 U. t+ V/ T: ~' K: ]0 Z
6 {( v( D7 i% }1 @3 G# t
119. Economic shutdown
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! e: D. Y" d; z* O7 J! l; h( yTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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B+ w* F3 e V8 @9 GRejection of Authority! O% X, S R, T7 x! T w& y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance' p6 L* ?# }( z o2 G% J
121. Refusal of public support
, P. d ] Q9 z1 X3 J 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ e+ d2 O! d4 a# r1 u
3 R& A' n$ \. j0 L) w& sCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government. H% w3 w9 K6 `3 {" V% u
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
e/ u8 B3 t/ \0 G; ]% [6 r* t 124. Boycott of elections
: C/ F. S/ B8 e# ?8 q5 U3 B; V! R( Y 125. Boycott of government employment and positions' g* B V ?9 P$ |. y; W+ w
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; x* m3 I; y9 n7 }$ ^7 e 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 T9 l+ `, z$ g" e7 z. A" m6 m 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 |: k- \4 F0 r: M( |9 b+ O ]
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ G6 q: Q$ {( z8 `$ z( g- F
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! e' _0 A) X4 q, m 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 l" p! x9 w) H# j, S( p
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% g( G7 _& I0 }; P
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 S. u& m7 {3 f: @
133. Reluctant and slow compliance- W S% v# R7 z8 h* \
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision6 u! \! B0 F/ J' e$ R2 U
135. Popular nonobedience6 e# r1 W6 p3 Z' m; q! f3 N) O/ I
136. Disguised disobedience
+ W. k/ \. y) ~* d 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 e; |) g# W$ { 138. Sitdown
2 Y& r! J8 F; ~+ S4 M' ^/ V w 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% v. z$ y N# A6 v7 x; `! J% \2 F 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; U J! P' i. @( H, n5 P8 I 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% l- \; `$ q6 r( b1 `0 N
( V q$ l+ C) [6 M# Y$ l g% Z% tAction by Government Personnel
% J- r4 b7 ]( h5 p1 Y! G o1 u 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
# V1 P7 v9 a, G0 I3 Z M! ]7 h' S 143. Blocking of lines of command and information- e# I* Z6 l' f1 g8 O# y. n
144. Stalling and obstruction7 g+ b/ W3 ]$ R- X4 q: h! P7 u
145. General administrative noncooperation
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& k% }) C7 F* I1 {3 M i H 146. Judicial noncooperation
) G8 a$ K" \5 M; S 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& s( @" X6 r' U: y$ ^ 148. Mutiny
7 h/ W F5 _( E% o2 VDomestic Governmental Action# T& j! ?- D* w# i# g
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. K2 o8 x7 r$ M! n9 A3 U
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 w8 r0 z5 I9 `& m; Z: L9 k0 z5 N9 N0 K$ ?* r$ e8 S
International Governmental Action
4 S; ^% y5 l& F 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 Q6 U! W) \) b5 E1 f- m2 E
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events c- a! n. \4 p- Y( n: t
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, G" X6 n: I5 u. c 154. Severance of diplomatic relations1 ?- I( \/ ~/ J9 d
155. Withdrawal from international organizations' ]8 c; C6 [! k! `0 w: ?
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 R" o8 [1 J; S4 n7 S% M 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 C+ e. @) a$ _' \/ I# p' i0 j5 Y) ~6 w' O
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; v9 D2 o- j! y$ n: j7 h& ^) o) A
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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# k. g# E- ?1 C7 B; r& ?6 x8 W
Psychological Intervention: ~& _& s( ?0 S' `. X( W1 h$ Q. B/ i; o
158. Self-exposure to the elements _. N3 y. d. Y0 B+ N M/ h
159. The fast
) Q3 G; T9 [- @: K: O a) Fast of moral pressure
3 B. J+ r: p7 V3 N9 F+ Z, ? b) Hunger strike
3 C$ O l, C1 d7 o. ~. f8 n: m) s c) Satyagrahic fast+ {6 W/ `: Z8 g4 u" ?0 I6 H0 N
160. Reverse trial! k& E$ i" z1 }1 F4 E
161. Nonviolent harassment
) t( V6 j+ b- X; r
' y q& }8 `: }' j/ ?' ]. P; iPhysical Intervention5 [5 X9 |) w8 j3 `1 q* @
162. Sit-in
6 H4 x! b! _+ U( q 163. Stand-in
2 o, K& I6 T! Z; U, q% i- D 164. Ride-in
2 }! M7 v$ P' J- X/ R0 S4 J! g$ j 165. Wade-in% q I t4 V$ u! a' q! v* o; i1 w" ?
166. Mill-in
- ~- J/ ^ ` y) b 167. Pray-in% N8 V& L, n# O
168. Nonviolent raids: d" k* N: a3 h7 H; C- b# w
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 U6 N1 v5 y5 C5 L: F4 E 170. Nonviolent invasion
) D. m" D/ @# Z* p. E" P 171. Nonviolent interjection% Y) O: p8 w4 {6 k }0 @
172. Nonviolent obstruction2 M9 u3 |: Q0 {5 o' J3 N0 p! ~
173. Nonviolent occupation2 y) p8 C( y3 y
1 l, V& l/ g5 t ]# zSocial Intervention& `9 m! E4 r/ g* e2 X
174. Establishing new social patterns
$ W( k, E7 j4 U$ l 175. Overloading of facilities$ z; Q& c/ M: u/ H) R
176. Stall-in
$ S* J: w" ^ V; T1 l 177. Speak-in
5 o, e0 u0 I& h 178. Guerrilla theater" C' y4 Y' d# {2 E; L1 d" [
179. Alternative social institutions2 g E8 j, t9 u
180. Alternative communication system
3 Z! b& Z6 z: _9 B
0 x% ~" Y& s3 w% h8 AEconomic Intervention7 i5 c! T0 I) y
181. Reverse strike
% L3 D9 D* B( K3 Y: ?; z 182. Stay-in strike
# c! u5 x# q- ?8 F9 ^ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
! X9 H2 W, @( D8 J8 @2 f; l! N 184. Defiance of blockades
8 S2 b% G- E- I+ `* _* k* j 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: O6 q4 \: K' Q) u' ] 186. Preclusive purchasing6 g4 c* `9 M% M/ ~
187. Seizure of assets+ P2 b) v4 {; W4 q2 S3 d! D' i, K3 ~9 p
188. Dumping
5 x4 ]" X. V* k; u1 f/ L; e; x 189. Selective patronage8 o2 G* ]! D1 G1 ^! Q
190. Alternative markets
9 t1 j" X5 P6 R! X; V! s+ N 191. Alternative transportation systems
2 C* ~1 W' X+ E! I! e 192. Alternative economic institutions8 _& @! Q" m+ M
% Z& A, M7 I( C, VPolitical Intervention; m- R6 S0 @1 v* @
193. Overloading of administrative systems2 H7 A- g+ a0 |$ N9 g, J
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents* v6 b% I2 C% a4 f, o' X5 H
195. Seeking imprisonment
) {( y# _) N! D* e. I 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( V* n& u v3 j: [3 \5 t; ~2 a {0 l 197. Work-on without collaboration, |! |# @6 a) \1 ]0 {
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
