 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 l' w4 c* D+ `, V
Formal Statements3 L7 P. `/ B5 F$ Q6 {( W7 B4 ?
1. Public Speeches
! N9 E6 V1 i7 ^* t' w 2. Letters of opposition or support
! ]8 K. Y: ^# P8 C: T1 Z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ w0 t! K! S; F4 j$ e* x
4. Signed public statements
4 X5 K3 `+ x5 y8 z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 Z9 Y. E/ k# j$ k6 ]7 y* a( l 6. Group or mass petitions
4 s! r {! l. _, {- p; g
. H5 ?" R4 n; _- K* m' o9 wCommunications with a Wider Audience) d1 \. |& A# r5 O1 M) E$ W7 c
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
! g" N( J/ H$ X( Y1 J4 h 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" w- ^+ }* O9 z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books- c& f1 O& P* f6 H
10. Newspapers and journals
3 H" ^- a7 l' P+ V 11. Records, radio, and television' N; \1 W& o7 ?# l
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( {/ r% S D2 K; L1 N1 T" N }+ h [
Group Representations
3 l& X5 d, Q/ K- m$ d* E2 m 13. Deputations. W1 G& r' i# U4 U
14. Mock awards
- P7 R$ \1 h1 q 15. Group lobbying1 Y" W# C0 O \9 N9 a1 \
16. Picketing1 i- K% L; x B, I/ W6 ], L% |
17. Mock elections1 C* d* `" S; k) s- b5 ~! n
! j& m* ] e- ~, Z* \
Symbolic Public Acts
$ G- ]" L% N0 n) B$ n9 A! { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ [ E% ]3 l p0 E 19. Wearing of symbols
K9 P! @& Q$ n: z9 z 20. Prayer and worship
: g+ i3 s& }& G4 m9 J5 a, y 21. Delivering symbolic objects% e: Q5 U# k/ `1 i7 r- C- {
22. Protest disrobings
/ x# u9 T% N! ^& C3 A 23. Destruction of own property- F4 X3 Q/ S2 Z
24. Symbolic lights
" L( z+ b6 P: g- H 25. Displays of portraits
; F+ U% I3 [3 A& {! g 26. Paint as protest
) b# k& X# D' D3 Q, d2 J- r 27. New signs and names
' A1 k% ]9 z% M8 b9 n! J- j 28. Symbolic sounds6 n8 Q2 ^- p0 [
29. Symbolic reclamations7 N( `7 f+ [* N6 u. u- v0 ]
30. Rude gestures/ Q$ Y2 J1 Z0 X% X8 g
( w/ T# d3 k/ s& S. u8 zPressures on Individuals
+ [- |5 ?3 v# T4 ]( p+ f 31. “Haunting” officials
% a# B& H, O. z, i 32. Taunting officials7 K6 E8 j+ ^+ U$ v
33. Fraternization, F3 j3 L4 P, [" r1 B# Y0 K. b0 O
34. Vigils C) |: \* R7 u" F
- @) l5 Z: t4 ^0 qDrama and Music; I5 O f6 r& b& P, i# N
35. Humorous skits and pranks& J5 P5 h9 u. ?$ s8 ]* v* B
36. Performances of plays and music
; S+ P( q" N9 o( B8 @4 O 37. Singing7 ~' I6 ]1 P" H0 \
, m" P! Q" y' J1 k9 L: o: h7 U1 O
Processions
# X* A( m; D# X7 k% d 38. Marches
4 @& z q: n' R& @2 [ 39. Parades5 b( [* ^; _+ W+ E6 r
40. Religious processions
A+ O# i/ W P' [7 i# M 41. Pilgrimages
( Q$ [" q1 `+ O; P) r( d2 y 42. Motorcades) x5 Y% m7 P. v# n
# R1 K7 _, S* W9 f# }Honoring the Dead& o) x( a# b* q- T
43. Political mourning
5 `& z! w4 O9 [7 {& l0 d7 x( V 44. Mock funerals9 V& {7 f6 m4 ^( F% T9 ]
45. Demonstrative funerals9 Z/ k7 ]1 I1 j7 M* x
46. Homage at burial places
$ q. ?0 f, F0 U) T3 _# g* D, @* X8 E8 [- X
Public Assemblies
, p1 s5 `2 {; Q$ [ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
. s q1 w# l+ R0 r 48. Protest meetings( ^+ {( K" Y- M. K
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ S( E/ l: p& g; q* A" t
50. Teach-ins u* W, H8 ~* K
: y& w( Q- _: Q
Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 }$ J3 n; p; I; [9 _! v8 _ 51. Walk-outs
8 X5 v! w" M2 f3 F& b, H: C 52. Silence
1 L& g( k$ ? h$ E: h" R3 H) ] 53. Renouncing honors' Z- K+ m/ e+ O% S% {7 O6 d
54. Turning one’s back& N) ~( ]& f& l" o0 Q5 M
0 g" h5 m1 B/ k2 u+ v4 {3 B& Y
8 [9 A0 r. T* F3 _ B7 l A# k( a% O% S, o! P
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
3 k; c- @; Y. f% w' @. ~5 l7 C# b% O4 [0 n: W0 T
0 y" \; ~% i8 r9 [& J3 r
3 A3 V- L, Q/ [: c. c1 `7 Q" [( ~Ostracism of Persons5 b9 y9 R9 _9 d. \1 r; C# |: L
55. Social boycott
2 q9 {, K0 r: @$ [9 O 56. Selective social boycott+ Y& b8 @7 @; i% I. [+ b1 ?
57. Lysistratic nonaction
& ^4 f& Z3 p5 j* k 58. Excommunication/ O* ^/ r+ ]) X
59. Interdict
+ f& z* ^# X0 x- r
' m8 V# j+ v1 Y& W' ^7 nNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 D5 x+ I) A* a8 ~5 d
60. Suspension of social and sports activities( K" [. R- A, |% n
61. Boycott of social affairs
, q8 f' d6 i4 C( k& n( q+ t9 j 62. Student strike
" I4 f' @/ w! k7 @( n8 i. D) X) l 63. Social disobedience
( c3 V6 W$ F8 i8 @1 d4 ]1 ? 64. Withdrawal from social institutions- L7 F, K/ v6 n# W7 X
: F: {$ ], S" J3 MWithdrawal from the Social System, f3 a! U' h0 v, U3 g; I6 I' g4 A# Z
65. Stay-at-home' ^4 P5 z( p4 l/ h
66. Total personal noncooperation1 V6 P' \7 y- ^, y6 B$ I
67. “Flight” of workers
. U1 u; ?4 t. Y0 ^" `" h# p- }) n5 q 68. Sanctuary7 F6 U5 d% Q. K! y0 x
69. Collective disappearance1 s$ B7 |" ^( W6 X# q7 _
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ ], o' {" c' @( l0 J9 C
# Z5 ~! p% l( o) l / j! b+ a, U4 b1 C
6 w( b1 { J( W7 _; ]" t$ D" [
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 v; S9 q' ?" D, J. P8 d* K
5 r/ _, h l7 Y6 |" V
; l2 I" Z8 w! V3 y% H3 X6 |! d, s) YActions by Consumers
7 `7 M! y5 I& B2 m0 G' y 71. Consumers’ boycott3 q3 n9 ~/ X- v* U
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' Y T5 p5 |, Q
73. Policy of austerity) t& X+ E- {$ p' ^
74. Rent withholding4 l( s" i# \, g8 x9 ^: _
75. Refusal to rent
/ O' ^7 d% k% C3 u( h% j 76. National consumers’ boycott
! B, ]- ^' _4 D" U! }6 a 77. International consumers’ boycott( L, \ v8 r+ ^- Y
7 d; k# a1 |. k( B6 w* n& HAction by Workers and Producers# `! r. X! q1 Q! C- c: W
78. Workmen’s boycott `, _8 w3 W& g: G' ?2 B5 h
79. Producers’ boycott @3 R2 g4 Q% X% G" k2 a3 e& ~2 Q/ j
2 d: z0 F3 \, D6 S
Action by Middlemen
% U e/ D2 ]6 R6 X% F/ m 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 g& I. T+ M" h# z% q' j
( h/ v: W9 j5 X4 _2 T7 b1 ZAction by Owners and Management v9 V& j6 V+ c8 ?/ f; N
81. Traders’ boycott
- a8 L" L5 n9 n* r/ v; G- k 82. Refusal to let or sell property1 F' s, G9 g: ], r4 n4 N% V
83. Lockout
: X2 x# J; s! t) n 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( J& _0 \2 c6 z4 O& B! M4 ]! p 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 q; \: O2 G2 c- \" L# D% z
1 l( ~; t: t; YAction by Holders of Financial Resources5 ~& T$ ?/ H8 V& f3 h
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ y9 Y6 W Q* h- N9 B
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ X- p4 _8 n0 @' v2 `6 `
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* U J: C0 I4 i0 j( r' x 89. Severance of funds and credit: j5 e& v7 Z/ |& \* I
90. Revenue refusal2 ]! g F& C+ B- W
91. Refusal of a government’s money/ b$ S% P# T8 f
" d/ `* [0 ?( K. \Action by Governments8 p$ n- ]: k" ~6 Z+ d
92. Domestic embargo
6 T; m0 ~9 H& j/ p3 L0 M 93. Blacklisting of traders o% k. x' q2 y" s: A
94. International sellers’ embargo
' a2 b1 Z8 T0 }; b$ {! i6 \ 95. International buyers’ embargo, ^. y: Q& ^3 q( u S
96. International trade embargo
" [% F9 J. F: F; s8 L% z& P# b$ J' f( T, \8 d) T& n9 d9 c
) E& j1 \; s1 ?' r9 W0 |; @9 v
; v& n6 T8 u. u1 t6 \& hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" t; i* u+ z0 ~+ P: T' t/ H+ p
2 T; U( x+ C/ V# b * M: @9 a6 e7 O7 I4 S; V
Symbolic Strikes2 E6 r+ J* P( T& S- e0 ~8 U; l( O
97. Protest strike" l& D! R8 q. v; u
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. t4 q4 e1 F& e5 E& o4 M3 t# N! g" X8 G# G) @
Agricultural Strikes
" C0 ^: p0 W* c' T6 L 99. Peasant strike" X/ ^# A& m5 @. h
100. Farm Workers’ strike' X2 v" \! J2 b& q+ V% S
# y: v5 y e, m/ F6 N4 RStrikes by Special Groups, a3 c, t3 X/ R6 c* z
101. Refusal of impressed labor5 N I" r* ^# T1 @! Q
102. Prisoners’ strike3 N6 n0 K. w% X% f k
103. Craft strike4 O4 t- m$ X5 P2 q% L
104. Professional strike% y2 E5 f3 W: h) k& Y( S( Q3 k2 |
# E% d. c1 n; H5 p
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
% C5 z3 C* R6 ^2 @ 105. Establishment strike( m/ g' ^: f9 j7 A3 ?7 \' ], R* |
106. Industry strike
" g+ O3 D% |: f8 a, D0 d& H: L 107. Sympathetic strike5 ^4 _7 ~" \8 }4 l/ ?" F4 T- L
3 s3 a) O# h3 u8 N, P7 b- W9 _. j* jRestricted Strikes4 i- v9 z0 S$ R2 C& Y; z
108. Detailed strike( O7 j5 X; d e# T& x( T" t2 [
109. Bumper strike
) O* _* A3 j$ ]9 T. } \ P' y( o 110. Slowdown strike
# G, h* d, H2 w0 `! h+ Z" l2 j 111. Working-to-rule strike, E& @7 E: {* F8 D# F% s7 b7 f
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ T: {0 Q* o# S- W/ b+ O
113. Strike by resignation
* V; s! r) O& [9 E! H 114. Limited strike Y; Z0 q* N. ~6 W. i
115. Selective strike
, D3 U" S1 q- U
. l/ J* y3 h, g2 N8 [' u) E- f9 wMulti-Industry Strikes$ t2 P. m6 t- p) W+ `
- x: S1 j* X! {" A+ q2 e- ` 116. Generalized strike
/ i* _) f$ z; P9 J% {6 \
2 `5 R2 P, ]( O( @/ z1 d2 b5 X 117. General strike
" }8 l4 r, Y9 I- |" S; b; O% n" G* j. z( M8 q2 f5 ^
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures5 F; }: [: S& M' F& x
* i9 {3 v- M( k! i9 K 118. Hartal. j: q& n! C1 C# |
# }' E/ G6 O* ]% c$ X
119. Economic shutdown
7 m" E8 U( Z: N' m
1 L, _; l! J9 e W8 b ' R; {2 k* s. j
; t6 K' b$ O, G5 U. o. b% C# h& mTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
! W8 ^! d1 e6 K5 @; P% I& _5 [, j) H8 _4 \1 I5 e) U
, x3 B% _. T6 p$ r" n% Y) T9 T
Rejection of Authority
8 Q% k5 R: w1 U M/ k+ g 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 ~" v5 C+ t" q& A4 V4 v, Y- Y
121. Refusal of public support
$ F0 g/ P7 q5 e4 r: B 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; e3 ?) v% k; z4 T8 {1 y
+ s# x/ g; C' E( ]9 h% Y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% `/ w; V j1 C- g- N2 T: _( T 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
l5 T! U/ z! N& m 124. Boycott of elections
. T/ u# O# G4 B! ~( A 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 k3 P2 m) T* U( j 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 N2 c. S3 X+ z2 `$ u& F4 T
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 o2 z. Q. `' d# U
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. B4 E! F/ \% J4 K; \3 g 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. a8 v7 W$ I# u) ?# |. ~ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 C3 C8 Z5 y0 U
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
: P+ p0 Y2 ` e4 ]& G& q/ m/ F 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
/ f. Q; W$ E8 h/ ^" H$ M6 R3 {8 A9 i1 e8 w
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 |# e5 U3 U( H0 t ^
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: S. `' V1 o2 l1 d 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ U" W2 ~8 w: a 135. Popular nonobedience
$ A, [4 f- a. D. ^5 S- D7 n5 H 136. Disguised disobedience' l: l' p) r+ d: K
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 @1 V+ w) _% {" q* a d 138. Sitdown
1 }( J9 R1 z0 Z+ j5 b- J 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ D2 b e) x+ Y1 s0 U 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' j8 M8 r6 K6 o 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) o* g e- o, j/ r! C) a6 L4 A, Y0 g
: H( r. C+ _2 D7 n- [; b" E. u
Action by Government Personnel" Y! i5 H4 T) M* \* Y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 J0 J6 r; @: l+ W 143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 r' s* _1 \, ~9 m
144. Stalling and obstruction R. V3 ?0 {) `; c" ]# W$ l
145. General administrative noncooperation
% R( v6 f, G. Y/ P, @
& D" X; e3 H7 p2 W- X, l5 X. G8 h 146. Judicial noncooperation
! _6 P6 \# W+ b, L6 l 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents7 F- W) u7 Y# h/ t
148. Mutiny
; S j2 @7 `; H O: [Domestic Governmental Action
) b" j2 q- o A" l4 ]- w 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. @* o- I4 s3 S) m; t 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; k8 y5 B9 J3 K% U& j5 l$ V' {6 U' I1 m
International Governmental Action' U) S" X- I% U
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( R9 h0 @" Y- Z; v T
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" [* u$ O! v: j! r. N b 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
# r1 P, H9 s& W; O+ B1 u- n6 B 154. Severance of diplomatic relations( C# m% Q# h' ^0 @3 G/ l9 S& A
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' A6 ~" q: `7 f/ h( V+ Y: v 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies! ~3 n7 Z6 t. S3 X! j3 _3 i$ y
157. Expulsion from international organizations y7 K8 ]3 M3 Z) u+ W* v& v7 j4 ^: I
, k$ N8 D5 s' q+ K* Z; \) H1 I1 s; w * G/ {6 C7 m# I
4 K0 o! t, ]; Q7 X9 f1 i
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 J, { w9 [9 ~1 @4 K
3 @" h+ |* H$ O- G% F4 I
% f) `: n6 t9 D# z* ^7 QPsychological Intervention) K8 b+ y5 B" n( J
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- f1 {$ B/ R: v9 B! `( \3 V 159. The fast% S9 P2 m, F3 J
a) Fast of moral pressure
! ~0 }% Y8 T% i# n! H b) Hunger strike5 E# j+ v! l, q; x2 v" u
c) Satyagrahic fast
; N) J1 X( @, l8 l- C1 A3 ] 160. Reverse trial3 I. q. A: Z7 b% n" {# Y) b
161. Nonviolent harassment( n1 v. ]; ]2 J! s1 v4 G( x8 _' b
# A& U. _- z' `3 j7 t' ]( lPhysical Intervention
4 Y. N0 s) B) q1 G( Q& \# }+ W4 m 162. Sit-in
1 D" y# L @2 f } ]' J$ q2 C 163. Stand-in
: A" e+ I2 Y4 A) O5 e 164. Ride-in( C! _8 n. Z: f# x- p m r
165. Wade-in
E% X3 C# [$ D& |- m9 a- c! b5 h7 F 166. Mill-in! q% A2 H, m: D: f- R
167. Pray-in
, Z" M+ g' F" U+ t) h 168. Nonviolent raids+ j0 Z8 @0 z/ @# J4 m
169. Nonviolent air raids
. n1 m( A, g. {: {9 S 170. Nonviolent invasion% ~' s4 t% ^- N! e
171. Nonviolent interjection
# } T: p( f$ W7 ~6 Z X 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 R1 M' ^& u6 Y3 d( x. |4 _4 L
173. Nonviolent occupation9 x; W( F5 I4 H( c9 e$ {; G- A
5 Q* s( z3 p% f& i
Social Intervention
# }+ f1 w# o: j8 z" Q 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 U6 g- o6 i7 G; ^6 F 175. Overloading of facilities- H# U7 t( w' c/ k1 r, u! ?" u. _$ f
176. Stall-in
* e# F" }5 ]7 @) p8 n 177. Speak-in
, c& u6 j6 q( A, ] 178. Guerrilla theater+ w) _+ z0 O# E8 A% a
179. Alternative social institutions
( x/ u) M! Z3 u% z 180. Alternative communication system" z. A6 c2 g5 E. d3 x# c
* y7 }3 R$ R$ o% vEconomic Intervention. z3 d5 s- D1 I
181. Reverse strike8 E/ l! |# n' g* C2 V
182. Stay-in strike
8 e1 M( C6 l/ A( M5 x: G 183. Nonviolent land seizure5 F, N* D$ F s U% b
184. Defiance of blockades
$ @$ Y0 @% w2 L3 q 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% y+ `5 ?' Y, J3 R2 U' D 186. Preclusive purchasing E9 Q/ y/ R% X: O" f; E
187. Seizure of assets
! K0 R3 Q. ~- w+ k5 m8 C) Q0 ` 188. Dumping
* s/ y4 b# F8 j$ Z/ {2 I* [- R 189. Selective patronage4 P& `8 u# l" F5 r0 a6 I% y8 d
190. Alternative markets
8 e& H: g' w- O9 m( X8 W1 S 191. Alternative transportation systems
3 J$ n/ N( Q. K8 b4 M. Y2 w) U 192. Alternative economic institutions
: }: [3 i* |. D# A, B+ \) @& T
1 K9 y7 Q: u7 x# cPolitical Intervention9 H( Y% } {& k7 i# J- f
193. Overloading of administrative systems
, s6 l0 g! {5 |5 n# \ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 p8 l% @& m" w( u& c4 ~ b" S* ^# B
195. Seeking imprisonment
5 e+ l2 {( w# M; Q5 n! \ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 A/ h; G5 K* W0 F5 R 197. Work-on without collaboration
! Q" ]$ B% I( Z# M" }, m1 z 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
& d8 S1 x' K5 t0 v) O1 `
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
