 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ {8 b3 G0 U; M. `4 r/ p/ u: NFormal Statements- }5 N9 x* \- t0 P! Z" j7 O7 k" I# f! i
1. Public Speeches. I% M" ~% F$ h5 Q+ ]' ?$ [
2. Letters of opposition or support
9 F3 g( z) Q' i& }- D8 v/ B6 q, V 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions I' L0 K0 ]8 k+ D& O
4. Signed public statements5 R! @+ f( Q- L- I) B3 V
5. Declarations of indictment and intention& a2 h8 @1 j8 d F, h5 f o6 t# F$ S/ Q
6. Group or mass petitions
) D z* o7 q$ u! U& q& r* F* R! P/ j) ^7 r
Communications with a Wider Audience
5 h& U1 l. f$ d; S% e, A 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols& i# ]3 R5 K3 e
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) T q, K) p6 { 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& ^& S. t0 b* {* L/ {: h4 f
10. Newspapers and journals
+ X$ }. I% U' r3 U6 H 11. Records, radio, and television
4 _: a& y: g7 R" Z2 S8 q2 q" \ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 F b; l( O; y) c9 D r4 ^
9 H- @$ ~* L& R: K. a$ j) |" dGroup Representations
3 r9 F0 T4 j5 P& \; `& c 13. Deputations3 Y+ l7 }0 K3 m$ j$ z, C) v
14. Mock awards
! M$ T: r& r1 g7 Q8 G! ] 15. Group lobbying/ A: w1 Z2 Y+ y8 {
16. Picketing2 L3 I$ m+ q, R4 c7 m
17. Mock elections
: u7 Z; ?" O0 ] v" E! x$ k: n& L, H: f
Symbolic Public Acts
: h! K3 q* F* j$ @& h# i 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) ~4 o$ x* N& T+ f% t4 _ O 19. Wearing of symbols
( E+ u5 \) y* i 20. Prayer and worship0 E8 j0 V9 j7 t; P: {
21. Delivering symbolic objects0 Z8 U: f* R$ w" l& h0 J
22. Protest disrobings& v' l s7 e% w5 R+ F8 Z
23. Destruction of own property% X. ?# A, X; Z$ x) A8 _
24. Symbolic lights+ Q) {3 b% J7 r& J V
25. Displays of portraits
+ n' |( i l9 {; b1 w$ S$ X 26. Paint as protest, g3 G1 F/ z* ~7 u) n: K5 u
27. New signs and names% U) D; G- L1 A, S6 H, Z3 k
28. Symbolic sounds
: a$ `) J9 L$ z( k+ \3 }( I$ y 29. Symbolic reclamations' g2 q* { T$ w1 G# g) |+ ^% K. w
30. Rude gestures2 L' ]5 G) \; j$ w( H3 W2 G: O
! e, x0 _0 W3 u9 @! Y7 h7 p
Pressures on Individuals
7 x8 `/ H' m% V 31. “Haunting” officials3 N+ V9 F# R* o5 n/ t$ N$ } c
32. Taunting officials" u2 S% v5 ?3 G1 j1 u" j
33. Fraternization
# Z/ z& a$ x4 T$ V 34. Vigils* u4 H9 S' Z- z
% R: F! i' o- J) M M- ^/ T
Drama and Music
8 h' W# H0 V! v: V1 U$ g& ]5 @ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
& P- ~: [8 `1 M3 C9 m7 V! f* a 36. Performances of plays and music/ b8 }8 H0 Q0 P6 \
37. Singing7 e7 Y5 p" k. r% B# i8 k
: c! T+ {# w6 |8 W! h% |0 FProcessions
5 F" a. m4 Q @ n 38. Marches
9 @$ ?* u) R8 J8 m4 \" f3 y k 39. Parades
7 L' a5 W, ]5 d, s2 Y 40. Religious processions+ Y# a. j( x' ]* f C+ `1 |
41. Pilgrimages9 U% P1 \) b4 ~; e+ p) J+ p" @1 i
42. Motorcades- K2 L8 u) J/ m) B- O
1 p% r3 l8 Q# r& y$ x/ J0 d
Honoring the Dead
# P: O; Y8 i$ q1 C) d 43. Political mourning
# k5 x2 h: K( S; B7 o6 F 44. Mock funerals( Z0 W; d7 }' I0 ^$ w: {, Y
45. Demonstrative funerals
9 B2 C- L, A7 k& m+ M1 Q/ L 46. Homage at burial places1 x9 ~; o' b, L [
+ E3 F. |! g8 R# Q( q$ J% z
Public Assemblies( H- y2 @. `1 G; n$ q7 S/ |5 D
47. Assemblies of protest or support8 I$ d% T9 v1 `3 A. s* j
48. Protest meetings+ h9 n; B& i2 \+ D3 W m6 t5 T
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest% Q/ i5 V* z% [: x$ G
50. Teach-ins' x5 U* ?" B* n/ O8 L5 p
8 N% o3 o. K; j6 @( ^& ]
Withdrawal and Renunciation+ |* N+ R/ x* I* }, K6 H) _1 g+ P
51. Walk-outs3 E: v3 n4 F, z+ X+ R
52. Silence
) x8 Y. s1 M8 `& V" [ 53. Renouncing honors
5 R- \% W! o. [, I4 Y# u 54. Turning one’s back
0 O8 b+ E' G( g- I
3 n( S* r4 X/ b; v+ ?* M; w4 D 4 G& x* \/ V; r3 G) s, ?
8 @& M8 l$ w8 {$ o+ F7 V' iTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION: f1 g5 I' D0 t0 \3 |; U9 K
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+ T: j: e+ ^2 _8 P4 N; J6 M, v6 W- l' \6 b( A
Ostracism of Persons* f7 F% f" k- {0 @9 ]. _1 V
55. Social boycott
3 ~# |% B ?0 y( z v5 y' ^ 56. Selective social boycott9 P: d# q* u2 i. j# S9 T
57. Lysistratic nonaction2 z4 N6 U3 [( @: h
58. Excommunication
) o% u: A- h# b0 {- c, u 59. Interdict
$ j0 \( y0 k1 ]3 A1 ^0 d( e
F5 l2 U: g7 N: b& F' B9 E/ GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! ^0 W1 J8 Y$ N1 t* t
60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 v( C+ _' a. K$ w; @. C
61. Boycott of social affairs
: `4 J" D3 m+ p0 L 62. Student strike, \# `7 r1 O6 ]6 p
63. Social disobedience
% j. W! t4 u- a; V% ]* |1 X* t; z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 _+ |3 O5 w y$ N! z
4 I- z- b& W! e+ s" j2 ^ dWithdrawal from the Social System' O% k& Z# {% n( r
65. Stay-at-home
+ x+ C4 M3 W3 a6 G- I! m 66. Total personal noncooperation, I( p) I% H1 ?
67. “Flight” of workers
1 U! x3 }; u1 b0 e6 B9 m 68. Sanctuary9 N( ?5 E3 T( g+ o" t" r8 ]
69. Collective disappearance
7 u/ r8 [2 W ~1 _; t/ A9 a3 W 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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& s2 }2 I1 Y e K& g/ pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! G+ f. v; @! I" s2 w
" _. d8 Q+ E) R* h 8 r# m) `$ H8 n* Q0 w* {
Actions by Consumers
: T6 d8 L7 F2 { 71. Consumers’ boycott+ A& N# l8 d! @8 l
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
& u) _, l L+ I$ }2 D$ B 73. Policy of austerity
2 C X# e& `, c7 c) l1 Q 74. Rent withholding. M% A$ x4 K3 a2 t
75. Refusal to rent0 m1 f* r/ d6 j6 `( j
76. National consumers’ boycott* Y+ ~/ T4 p1 P- {; }
77. International consumers’ boycott# a5 d8 r! Y' B9 o' Z
2 n7 _6 a! s5 T& A! }Action by Workers and Producers
, F( K0 u2 s7 n. P. s+ ?! a 78. Workmen’s boycott- ~. q+ K. d3 C3 T5 H
79. Producers’ boycott
2 Z4 f8 ?1 L2 ]+ r8 Q& t( T1 J- g) `) X6 @+ `: D
Action by Middlemen
1 ]8 k. r* S" R( Q" Q1 E. _* b$ [ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# q- y$ z( F) D9 c# |8 y0 v4 |+ s7 z* v/ v
Action by Owners and Management/ U) V# \( i9 I: y3 O) P
81. Traders’ boycott$ J3 ?- o3 T9 q3 p0 x, [1 X
82. Refusal to let or sell property5 H- h5 w; ^( c/ r g: F6 Q* K
83. Lockout' e" B$ V7 Y5 `( B) `& C
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
# F* |% H, a- C/ j# E' ~% M, G7 j7 ~ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”# J6 M7 n( J) b5 K; `' s% o
1 g! V* W2 M+ Z- z8 sAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! A% H! @: M; d& q" p3 [ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 }' ^! a. F8 ?: l+ s) J) n: Y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 V) ]9 t8 a/ z# S& ` 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 X& Z% I! A: e" O Y2 ?# y2 i; C 89. Severance of funds and credit
a& `7 V- r$ O4 ] 90. Revenue refusal* _4 T- r. M# Y
91. Refusal of a government’s money
" j6 @. }: I4 u, _+ v8 @2 d
8 z% P& F! L" j$ r! f! uAction by Governments6 z2 ~3 K8 X" Z; a
92. Domestic embargo* Y: L# F- O: Z8 d" H, }
93. Blacklisting of traders
; P0 S5 _; k4 @: E/ I 94. International sellers’ embargo; g' l) q8 u6 |1 f; F
95. International buyers’ embargo
- o/ q: o9 k. @) e G 96. International trade embargo- W& U; E; G3 }" b
$ _8 Z9 x# S( ~' t( D
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 e- g: B' T% k
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% T* X6 z$ J* X: O: p. @Symbolic Strikes
0 X1 J: ^% w7 W- \: j8 v 97. Protest strike ^5 y+ g; ?$ E7 D9 N$ b$ T
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ G' o, T* m4 q1 Y/ k# `3 n
7 f. _& U, P/ t6 u/ I! t
Agricultural Strikes
% C4 ?0 `* r0 c+ N7 L7 W 99. Peasant strike% ^. O- X. s( j8 `8 v/ ^: ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 M, k; e0 u% v: W. p! U$ {- w. _) y# f e* b/ L# J" Y
Strikes by Special Groups
$ k$ |! s3 _$ \, S. x6 B 101. Refusal of impressed labor, x' V, e7 k4 e5 Z& V4 I) a* J
102. Prisoners’ strike
( L. ~: a2 m0 V7 g; X& V3 k 103. Craft strike
, V. o: j3 N$ i8 [2 `8 Q' L 104. Professional strike- V+ G# \4 ^" W6 G$ I; |
2 V: u* p' f0 ^( OOrdinary Industrial Strikes
$ s1 q' U1 a; ?5 w$ [4 b4 Z* E 105. Establishment strike
. f7 p8 Z8 q q 106. Industry strike- F( ]* j7 f# d( n
107. Sympathetic strike2 p# {0 \) W. y2 D- R6 i
# n1 ^4 ^- H! R" J/ N- f# lRestricted Strikes
0 W1 o9 f. b! ? 108. Detailed strike( A a% e: M2 ^0 S) D" R4 E
109. Bumper strike
- n1 l5 e9 s/ z$ V, T% D2 {2 y3 F 110. Slowdown strike6 H( X/ Q* t& i; R$ E& e
111. Working-to-rule strike
; ?5 j) P$ e) Q Y) _8 Z+ t3 p" g8 A 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 M& ?) a2 Y) Q) D. ]( o
113. Strike by resignation9 W0 Y% J% ~9 G( u% B
114. Limited strike
! N, C& z% @& y. l 115. Selective strike) {7 q+ r4 j0 u2 ~
* h; Z" g& P; n/ I8 N% u# Q
Multi-Industry Strikes
5 j: f/ r. D f; J/ C' z, v8 @ }( c
116. Generalized strike
1 A0 J6 g. M* I7 ^' ^) K c2 |: ~9 U3 y% B' v3 H% O6 d
117. General strike3 z+ R5 k& z: B# U' x
) } D! H' M# ?$ y" r/ m7 L
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. f7 R* ~ ~' Q0 j; A7 u
9 w4 G: m5 @! o5 a5 z9 a7 a 118. Hartal! w4 N, N5 |! R" m% r6 B2 U9 _
3 S# Q3 ]+ U6 Y6 W. Y; i/ N- J 119. Economic shutdown
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8 c9 |0 x, ]/ a 0 F+ B( g: M2 D1 ^( x* f
& i. A1 z7 v: N) bTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION4 T! \1 n3 o& j
6 J* S6 h2 a5 Q4 c
1 @+ x7 n! s, g0 ?5 c
Rejection of Authority
; ]* c! j1 Y( l0 A 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* M% }2 R* f# B4 ?1 h& Y) q& i) p
121. Refusal of public support
; {# r5 O! `2 X7 X7 K, f3 q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ m! r0 E" L6 N$ E
' _( t% ?+ K' ]5 t( J8 ~Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government- s$ C( z! H) J
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
- p8 ]4 K, }" X+ b) p$ n( ^2 ` 124. Boycott of elections& S8 o. R# m! g0 M
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( s/ r6 U6 T! u7 U& U! d0 B3 V 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
! M6 T3 P q. A/ e s% r. m 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. a. W2 F2 n8 S- ~8 y: r5 e 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" V7 X1 {) m0 ^# m0 C2 g
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 q5 Y& @( A8 G2 X3 }2 V! d
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 Q6 B. F# s0 i3 ]" L1 c7 x 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( o4 g0 `% a7 A$ H: s8 h0 p/ z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
( f- j5 G* b5 i. p+ I# N1 N% X# ]
" m5 j8 a' G+ X& g, E3 h) y& `Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ {# y3 D0 [0 W, M! _' B
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
+ {$ g X" | ] z$ E' @! l, E# } t( b 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 r' ?; k+ j% G8 g 135. Popular nonobedience) y" f9 W# q; G6 ?$ l
136. Disguised disobedience/ L# Z2 _' b0 u
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% |0 t( |9 g& G* ^
138. Sitdown j) G. z1 u2 g* R" X# I5 x
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% i, {! m3 n5 V5 x; y, j' u
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 P" X; a9 j: g
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
- R* O( ]' |' @ Z' {) K2 D) ]
, B D# M0 a* L) W$ j' d( j+ N0 ~Action by Government Personnel
/ u+ j) P( U5 W 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% D- n; Q: z, |8 W. t; `2 n
143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 @8 c0 i; g( x0 s, B8 |. ^
144. Stalling and obstruction A8 i, b# k. Q
145. General administrative noncooperation8 X1 Q0 K( L: n- C% t
5 j5 c' j9 @! s 146. Judicial noncooperation" y$ P0 v' r0 ]4 E1 E z! u( {7 B( F
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 {' p. n. Q$ V# J' g& @& U4 X
148. Mutiny
2 F4 M V" A* T' R5 n0 I. }Domestic Governmental Action
* z1 t* C3 w2 @0 f2 f" X 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 H/ n2 @6 X2 s6 U7 b1 t
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 d4 u* W3 P2 q% G) G: K p8 \& f0 V
5 J2 h0 {9 Q5 |3 o% \% S! M
International Governmental Action
1 ^0 [8 n$ \2 |3 z& M6 B0 m! y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; d+ p: m/ n: H% F: s 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" x( B' c- i6 x+ u# [! U p9 y 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! C" R1 B- i& [* b) G 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 V* g' |6 r+ x: y5 K
155. Withdrawal from international organizations9 k& u! P* J+ [: _. t
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 y7 P& H. z" C" J% I) D 157. Expulsion from international organizations
4 ?" Z- X3 K" q6 n6 t
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0 X3 x7 v i, L) K- p2 d8 z
3 I4 k2 `' |% i" lTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: E6 P3 y. G* h- f/ d1 z. Z1 ]
6 O& |# o5 g6 ~& e
/ ^9 j' d) O- \- v W3 _0 k% P/ p6 o9 ~Psychological Intervention3 b( C7 d$ |9 R/ }
158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 x" W6 Z3 j9 n2 p0 ?' o 159. The fast& B8 V: W; _. x1 t" N o5 a2 B
a) Fast of moral pressure' |4 d2 v0 Z' K1 M6 e4 V
b) Hunger strike
) C4 g- w# G+ k c) Satyagrahic fast# \1 i2 z) u# L
160. Reverse trial' J8 Y/ B+ \& O, d
161. Nonviolent harassment4 B' T& b/ o8 b. X
! k$ J' g5 r# m& G6 Q- qPhysical Intervention. T; ?* }- K, Z" b, C
162. Sit-in6 K8 U3 {8 h4 p% W$ \! Z# }
163. Stand-in7 D! w. [( K% z- i# R0 k2 I
164. Ride-in
+ z$ O3 {9 N# \6 g9 C7 F$ c9 F0 I 165. Wade-in
: B+ p/ U j d. K9 s2 v2 _ 166. Mill-in) I% n# [% G' b5 ^4 E) I
167. Pray-in, g3 q" q$ R$ u
168. Nonviolent raids
! [2 ~" L1 A8 P2 H% K# ^ 169. Nonviolent air raids2 L% N; d3 V( W+ C6 Y
170. Nonviolent invasion8 ~' d6 d7 @( `2 l# }, [/ e
171. Nonviolent interjection
, U. R9 O2 e. h8 [* m 172. Nonviolent obstruction
* D" g; c+ y. T5 a# I 173. Nonviolent occupation
[* K; g. v, U R2 m3 b9 p5 [" {& r9 o. N
Social Intervention( C% @8 n5 m9 _( [0 P9 z5 P/ \8 F
174. Establishing new social patterns% V' K2 L4 w% |" b7 u: {8 b6 @4 \- Z
175. Overloading of facilities
7 z, h( C1 }# \2 R 176. Stall-in9 |" [7 y* j* s3 W; y( E5 W& V0 Y
177. Speak-in
" Z, [- }' d2 n7 }0 S' X7 Q* P2 O% N 178. Guerrilla theater. u. p' ^& i6 S1 g
179. Alternative social institutions& b% Q1 j2 R5 h' N n E9 X
180. Alternative communication system
1 _- O# ^- a+ c9 z5 Z. q/ e4 K1 U
7 V& w2 o/ p! A: t; y, V8 vEconomic Intervention
3 T# r5 z3 l8 m n' V) X# V7 d* }7 y8 G 181. Reverse strike( d; R6 X+ ^+ F+ h
182. Stay-in strike
2 ~0 E: ?2 C" O$ O, `4 b6 w 183. Nonviolent land seizure, q1 K% ^2 c! S: r
184. Defiance of blockades2 q2 d! ^" i t- k+ J9 k( Y3 D
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 w' l0 L+ W# `5 F) r1 N
186. Preclusive purchasing
; |; X0 W- [! }: g/ P+ s6 e8 w 187. Seizure of assets( ^. q7 G; V" f8 K |9 R
188. Dumping& v2 ^1 S u) n0 a' d% c
189. Selective patronage) ~( w7 c q) S% x& L
190. Alternative markets
( N/ J( l% [: ] 191. Alternative transportation systems
9 U1 R+ f9 U5 G7 x2 ` 192. Alternative economic institutions( ]! Z- Y- N% f n/ i! g
, N+ x( j' f/ @Political Intervention
2 h' }; V6 n, }9 \6 q7 E! u 193. Overloading of administrative systems- H- H4 l8 ^4 }# H* M3 O9 x& o
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 X5 T, A0 s$ C1 T1 ], b
195. Seeking imprisonment" A7 `1 S) @9 N+ W4 L
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws) {9 Y6 @7 ` U& Q; T
197. Work-on without collaboration
6 R0 x% F9 q' f& p9 x 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
