 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 b$ T" m2 u7 p; ?2 o
Formal Statements h$ m6 _& ~, h, [2 y
1. Public Speeches7 a# ^* F, I3 n; [4 e
2. Letters of opposition or support
0 Y9 r) {+ X( ~$ ~% f 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 T/ n( w" u: m* s! _- ` 4. Signed public statements
9 i* b4 s2 E; d 5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 U' U+ e1 ~1 h
6. Group or mass petitions) |/ y' J0 i( n, X K2 i y
1 ]9 V- _# t1 |Communications with a Wider Audience
0 D# { M2 w, W7 O' Z+ u1 s 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 s2 W0 O( L, }8 t 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& j" [! Z2 J+ q, Z9 ^. ~- R( Y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( M. q: `, y$ F
10. Newspapers and journals
e2 I' v: A, i' b# ^ 11. Records, radio, and television+ S, v9 N, D/ E% B# a0 T
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ J( O$ b) E! \1 b0 Z' y1 Q4 W3 N( |: A6 L
Group Representations4 e1 f4 d% ^" m3 S% e
13. Deputations8 }- A j4 B7 V2 \9 P4 T
14. Mock awards
9 g# E7 a1 @$ f0 H/ }% H" F 15. Group lobbying
p, @. Z: I' \! D+ e9 i s 16. Picketing( X" p4 Q% U) a d, ^& @
17. Mock elections# a3 H+ t; n* R2 o
5 Q4 l3 v) m! U3 {, ^; u% P( m; g
Symbolic Public Acts
3 x3 V. l1 i9 h+ T( J 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
1 T# F" s/ W3 H1 g 19. Wearing of symbols
' V; M; A/ c4 w0 M# D. d+ A6 h 20. Prayer and worship" c" S. Q0 f1 f! G( b
21. Delivering symbolic objects, P C) Z( q3 P7 y6 s, i _, F
22. Protest disrobings
( L8 z+ S9 H) g; O2 C2 c4 J; y 23. Destruction of own property
1 t' E1 A; {: F) S" N* {# o2 \ 24. Symbolic lights
( F$ w9 J) r' S4 M3 M- V* c 25. Displays of portraits
! S8 r" B5 \+ Z( B0 B( j5 k 26. Paint as protest
9 P$ z0 C: L, z+ A) {! v/ ~3 ]* u 27. New signs and names2 P7 }7 D5 x) R/ }4 B
28. Symbolic sounds
3 C7 a/ k) L$ @+ W% v 29. Symbolic reclamations
' ?% H! B3 l9 g* u. N9 |! v8 a( p 30. Rude gestures
* u5 z3 A; X, m- Y$ B3 W U. D
$ j! l2 ^* u$ j- a. q& {/ GPressures on Individuals
7 I, @3 D' A: A. {1 k; l# N2 _2 t 31. “Haunting” officials3 l9 ~; A4 T& ?1 ]+ c
32. Taunting officials
- V7 }) w" \" y2 s/ V. }1 |2 C0 @" n( d* G 33. Fraternization
" l: s/ B. a4 `* d7 e 34. Vigils
! V& v; v9 f; o9 B; T, v2 O* [/ x% d1 M
Drama and Music4 V/ U& J3 r# q* g
35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 ]' O) P0 F% j; o' {- O5 M1 @ 36. Performances of plays and music+ E. f; u3 [ S
37. Singing0 |$ f" J6 J$ D# {3 C5 u0 ~
* ~0 w, o# m2 d! K; eProcessions- N2 A' `$ P7 E( K1 y
38. Marches5 G9 b5 w T2 K
39. Parades4 {: H4 A) K( c
40. Religious processions2 F0 W# C- y5 _. H7 H# H
41. Pilgrimages' F$ l; v6 w8 r( U
42. Motorcades
* L& v- Y2 L4 E: ~
4 P. y9 F4 f& Q+ D8 V( F/ c) P; R7 \Honoring the Dead
, y, w( Z; l; x2 a 43. Political mourning
$ A7 r( {+ V! E! y$ A- E/ a1 M& I 44. Mock funerals
; ], W6 m j$ k# s# G& w 45. Demonstrative funerals% ~+ w% e. C* E5 S% m5 U9 R
46. Homage at burial places# G2 \0 q: u: C
" ?. m# L5 F) ^2 }3 [Public Assemblies# R9 h! N1 T6 d# Q% Z. B. @
47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 m% y% N& f/ l, \; i 48. Protest meetings/ B+ S3 l0 W; q$ V" f1 W: q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 j2 a. ]% ~7 e 50. Teach-ins
5 B9 p5 ?9 I7 [ y) ?; ^* a; Q. V0 v/ b$ B. S! I8 E
Withdrawal and Renunciation P! m& j2 m |7 T0 t" a
51. Walk-outs
V. n" Y; M3 ^3 Y. G 52. Silence
" o7 `8 W+ S* q8 H# V3 _, Y 53. Renouncing honors- E% {* R7 ~3 V6 \* ]2 v
54. Turning one’s back) t& A& L$ n3 q# C7 A9 [
, }5 v I; j, b. t1 j + d: L' @' ]7 \6 C
3 O, D+ f- m6 K; BTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons# a1 ?6 g+ m# N+ z# \4 ~* r
55. Social boycott' s7 I% I/ Y8 y3 t8 H1 L
56. Selective social boycott4 [% K L4 U/ Q
57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 i. B; e; J$ y1 C8 v9 w 58. Excommunication$ o' }7 J' T. e/ M7 S) T2 |
59. Interdict
2 l2 K, z {% v+ L# x. g# R3 n, n( k& u a/ D
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions4 F/ _1 e2 n% s( v0 O! z
60. Suspension of social and sports activities" W; p' a2 O) ]' y" T
61. Boycott of social affairs
" v, B7 Q, `% q! Y 62. Student strike4 N% _2 M3 ~8 s4 j8 u3 c
63. Social disobedience
) Y8 R% O# ~; p2 s9 W$ ] k4 Q( \9 j 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ v) e8 d: M$ c" o" E" T" b
3 R" k# X$ E: }1 m0 AWithdrawal from the Social System! {3 R2 _3 m# F* |4 R* M9 B2 t
65. Stay-at-home
; d" E% B% Y! F6 M+ D+ N% @% |- h/ X 66. Total personal noncooperation2 E# ?! {: N) h) }2 S
67. “Flight” of workers
. G* [; h u3 s$ _. Q 68. Sanctuary
& Y: U9 [+ h; V0 \; \( C 69. Collective disappearance3 C4 c c3 r4 q' D: @& H2 A* {
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# R* k, M& ~& s
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers* M" q& G0 b3 \4 x( n8 l
71. Consumers’ boycott9 _) ]* w8 [* n" X! M8 L4 k4 G
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- F, g4 _( r: f x8 z2 H
73. Policy of austerity
$ T% M" a4 g+ P0 g! } 74. Rent withholding
, d: Q. l) W3 u& ?7 `# X( c, I 75. Refusal to rent6 G% ?0 i- X) v
76. National consumers’ boycott) o& ]; u! [8 |4 ~+ }9 N
77. International consumers’ boycott
; Z7 m0 e4 {+ s4 [7 U) t% F
% A( @( C: p8 v; Z. t; qAction by Workers and Producers
) f# Q# {5 e }4 E: J 78. Workmen’s boycott
?! @) q- S+ h 79. Producers’ boycott! c! E" y; e& R* i( ~4 q* Z0 [. R! H
% G# ^: f, n% I/ M; eAction by Middlemen# Y' X' t" P& ]9 e3 P0 w
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
/ R9 P9 k. Y+ q7 q 81. Traders’ boycott& T) h7 f, ]6 K3 M; s
82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ {9 h- R2 L9 ~# O 83. Lockout
n# |8 F" Y2 R: ]# v4 A. K: @ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 d2 @$ z3 O. b5 Q0 R& x8 Y. N 85. Merchants’ “general strike”; W/ C/ ?; |# }# m2 C
5 Q' T) W, F# ?* DAction by Holders of Financial Resources
( Q6 [; V( Y( M) v( b7 O- E4 [ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 p7 J0 Z8 ?7 A! O
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 e+ ^0 b( s o; d' W5 e$ W: k
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 C9 L* @$ h9 y7 k' B/ L 89. Severance of funds and credit
9 {$ C) W; |+ z( h 90. Revenue refusal: z% K- x& r& l6 ~ R' b; S
91. Refusal of a government’s money
! `8 ]+ [+ \/ Y' T6 A5 U6 ?# P1 F
9 r9 J7 A, j ~3 v; f8 |( W CAction by Governments
; _0 } |! @0 j$ B9 B 92. Domestic embargo
7 b( Q) E: l! t8 \ 93. Blacklisting of traders
% F; p& ~" Z/ l) G* Z" Z/ W' {; K 94. International sellers’ embargo
& Y6 l/ c. u: J6 t. P0 R4 O. h 95. International buyers’ embargo7 K* m# |" ?- d9 _5 L
96. International trade embargo' P) Z# ]. ^7 u
$ ^# {5 E# E, C' d1 o & s$ Z' e6 k5 e6 r4 a; t
6 j5 Q! ~4 L c* U8 j5 }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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8 a8 H- n# |! ]% ~7 X' d' ySymbolic Strikes
/ |6 K5 ^4 `) z3 `& w$ v+ p. C 97. Protest strike0 W' Y+ n' Y, e S+ H
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% a0 ?; R$ n$ K8 P Q9 W0 d6 z
* ]+ G; m d) J2 _/ Q2 O
Agricultural Strikes' T% f$ t' N: `4 T' M* T
99. Peasant strike
! M; {% ~! P+ ?% O- S z. P 100. Farm Workers’ strike& \& e5 z9 b# j- p- ?
6 T9 Z. r* O6 T/ @( MStrikes by Special Groups' ?$ L' V2 i! |) A/ }
101. Refusal of impressed labor- b5 n* x/ G! z" f. D) j
102. Prisoners’ strike, f: ~+ [' E; o7 P' d# r
103. Craft strike
2 Q/ l9 J, {2 L% _% I 104. Professional strike g3 H+ h, ~9 s$ A7 x1 J. r
3 V. j0 ` @( h: T! L: m0 I
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 `+ b5 d. Y2 B& Q2 J
105. Establishment strike
# `) k* F& {7 G; l0 D 106. Industry strike/ o9 J+ x! J! ~. b l& ^4 r
107. Sympathetic strike
! f! n1 K9 K1 ~5 h
9 W- |' L" Z% ORestricted Strikes
. g# Q' T# V! M4 U 108. Detailed strike
9 [+ z0 q* n* s3 k' i5 J 109. Bumper strike
( L8 Z l6 Z9 U 110. Slowdown strike4 `" Z4 a( |3 h% i! J- C
111. Working-to-rule strike
, h8 Q3 S' T1 f' ?1 U 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
~1 f3 p# E' _- ~7 M2 N( n 113. Strike by resignation
# R* y9 }6 B* J. y+ w 114. Limited strike" G t/ ]. V+ ^$ \7 x
115. Selective strike
/ }1 [$ c: V' Y3 E( u2 a* M" p7 a) R& W: u0 R) Q. N6 S
Multi-Industry Strikes0 }2 U+ U. E+ @% ]( k9 r. w' }
5 p8 B4 q) g( N' h 116. Generalized strike
" Z6 V+ Y; @! m. I( z
) d- F' m8 t$ d4 \ 117. General strike/ c( w0 @# z+ f8 {
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
+ k" Z( G- @% i0 N; U0 |7 X8 S" x9 @# m
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 t- G `' G0 n D
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) n9 R" u/ h: t' h/ [Rejection of Authority
! E0 [6 W1 ~: O/ Q2 J 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: e" Z( J* l" ~% Z1 P- p' ] 121. Refusal of public support
3 ^# P& U5 X/ J' D" i0 D7 l 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 b1 P: v. K5 ]; T5 N( ~! r* l
2 b- Y$ S3 w+ @/ wCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: a0 W9 w7 S- o# ~% T# s" m 123. Boycott of legislative bodies e8 Y0 a' W& H7 p
124. Boycott of elections/ g# z' f1 I! n6 I6 |. h' f8 s
125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 u( s: W0 P* Q4 Q9 ]# i ^
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies- b4 c' D6 v# v" I" V; C
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 @6 k J+ i) {- m 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations2 ^: D( `9 Z. S) _0 ^* A1 Z
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: M f w+ Z, k8 E+ @, f/ g7 ^
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks Z8 q* Y% t2 { X9 {4 j2 e
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& I" a" |1 \8 |9 L( G6 E9 @ q
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 Q" h V( r; d) U5 ?7 J
7 B9 ?& }" _! N3 h' |; zCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; M7 x Y* h: T5 n( s 133. Reluctant and slow compliance X4 @" U, u; a4 I" ]* ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ ^3 S7 \& M$ l
135. Popular nonobedience' z0 b2 f5 Z% K8 b; O( v) x: C/ m
136. Disguised disobedience
! b0 F/ d7 {& o* @& y: f" E! B6 `: X 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 B. h9 T. T' f4 J3 Z! X
138. Sitdown; I4 ?# D) M5 q5 l: ]
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# w. } B' {0 ^$ q 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, S g' f, w! J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 Y0 @7 ]+ s% G R" c7 b) z. d9 f
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Action by Government Personnel
4 @2 h) p& x1 T# X+ O1 L 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
# ^7 }( `. y& ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 G" M2 A3 t9 r 144. Stalling and obstruction
- z( X; H; L6 z/ D5 A W- Z 145. General administrative noncooperation
: `. `5 Q7 e' [- \
2 n- J! y0 E7 p6 E' c 146. Judicial noncooperation
. O) [2 b7 b: r8 m+ O2 G, d9 o4 { 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% k$ D7 X& m0 R, n0 K6 ? 148. Mutiny4 D# J* C2 l) K/ c. m
Domestic Governmental Action% R- X+ x4 ?5 z& K- |
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( r3 d( I4 O- ]4 l0 E
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
O! e. e. [3 q
0 T3 S) _/ ^8 H% [International Governmental Action; s: P) d: ^6 C! H
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% \% ] H) ?$ h+ K% [& N, {# i" ]" j 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- M' |# W# D- f
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition0 o8 R" I# F; U6 P/ @" N- O% S
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" K' ]3 L' W5 X8 x 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: H/ R i% s7 u' J" a% y3 t 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 h, Z& l+ u/ n/ V, ?' Q 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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, K. ?( Z4 |% g y) [8 ]$ ~. OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention( r; }" b! A7 {7 ^9 b' x7 I
158. Self-exposure to the elements! u4 F+ b ~2 _# R0 w- w3 `
159. The fast$ s$ D' K& v; K/ f; n* L9 j
a) Fast of moral pressure8 A9 V; }! ]# H5 |
b) Hunger strike
8 a8 m2 D7 m* K2 o0 t5 D& |, H c) Satyagrahic fast
7 ^7 V$ ?; [* S 160. Reverse trial
" j% r5 |9 k% g- x( X9 r+ ~9 I 161. Nonviolent harassment4 X. L$ W* `# c6 S
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Physical Intervention
8 p& V0 r0 G9 |8 e# I# @ a( P 162. Sit-in
K% k- E# G: d- n* H, R# I4 ]% z% r 163. Stand-in, V2 A9 u( g2 a; J# F. y4 x" n% S- ~
164. Ride-in* [- e* x0 }" c$ B% ]# r
165. Wade-in
6 C' V& A: E- V5 v2 q% a9 A. y 166. Mill-in
0 `2 T8 b% X. o5 U3 k0 V 167. Pray-in6 ^6 j2 O. p3 z. T
168. Nonviolent raids
" {8 w5 h; d' {% |$ b4 Q/ P% G 169. Nonviolent air raids. t, ?& a" f1 i) h
170. Nonviolent invasion( G9 g# [. ~; e; t6 H
171. Nonviolent interjection
& H8 r$ J k( L3 ]' l" E 172. Nonviolent obstruction& F! D' X7 ~6 o! C0 E
173. Nonviolent occupation" N& f9 v. p" h8 n" Z$ E& I
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Social Intervention
; i' L: l( s. n; N9 V/ c( V* L 174. Establishing new social patterns& _/ d1 i; H0 F; v* A0 }
175. Overloading of facilities/ H; _8 m) s- W/ a8 k
176. Stall-in
; o1 v. S, g/ L9 b6 \' l 177. Speak-in
8 I/ Q/ v- P% h' V, w 178. Guerrilla theater
" w+ M5 ^& r# k1 ^6 r# Y7 w2 B, t" n 179. Alternative social institutions2 X- c9 w, o. ]( H/ r! T
180. Alternative communication system
4 y: j4 v4 D( |6 X
; o" Q$ L8 d& j( u# ?" \Economic Intervention
# }! e' i: S+ n" y# w0 A 181. Reverse strike
( S5 a' [# A) [, [3 { 182. Stay-in strike$ Y/ ^% L9 S2 P; z! W1 `& L5 F- @
183. Nonviolent land seizure
. V. l6 P. p& q) _ 184. Defiance of blockades8 i9 F3 R! O+ G; R" _4 @
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" I0 j9 w B3 N8 C) R2 p
186. Preclusive purchasing! M) e( ~ [& Z" b
187. Seizure of assets
1 b; W, [# m5 l, U- R9 X 188. Dumping# G8 @' U0 }! z: P$ }3 j/ Z
189. Selective patronage
# }' C9 L. E8 u& M 190. Alternative markets
, \7 ^. a7 K& P/ M6 Q 191. Alternative transportation systems; M$ u) ?& W, o0 J: s
192. Alternative economic institutions7 g9 B4 [1 {5 _5 g9 Y
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Political Intervention
8 G7 n/ V* O9 q5 t& a 193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 f+ \9 Q3 r1 i: f( v 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# F) P- Y1 o! S! [2 R
195. Seeking imprisonment) \9 W; n; u0 ]
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 ?5 x, I, @. X" T
197. Work-on without collaboration8 T5 C5 O( G; |0 f+ C
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
