 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( {1 W0 F; }4 h# O6 d5 N( O" @
Formal Statements0 h/ \5 @! J4 U/ l4 I- }) B( h
1. Public Speeches- Z2 N; J# j, \, R( c; N! P
2. Letters of opposition or support
7 u2 e3 R% e% e% | 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. d; E. P' @" s8 j+ D; x6 e 4. Signed public statements0 }( S# c1 K0 d$ l! M
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 H" x& C+ ^2 z3 @1 u! m 6. Group or mass petitions& O" z% m4 \4 l* { j9 w
' p- k p0 A; a8 c" [( qCommunications with a Wider Audience
. ~ l$ u" R6 f- e 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 u- Q+ U4 K6 r8 g! s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 E \1 p; D$ j& h/ K2 e& v. }# C+ H$ z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 }/ h5 g6 S/ [- i$ e5 G( N6 W( z 10. Newspapers and journals, w' `: m+ P) d2 K' l
11. Records, radio, and television1 Y, U- z$ x9 k/ x# l7 ] c
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ V1 N8 c4 g% ^5 e% h. U: A; a
! B2 O E$ z9 i. d9 r7 N% _ P
Group Representations
) Z6 d4 J! p" m6 F0 Q* J# V 13. Deputations. o* s' {$ K6 N: ^5 \. w
14. Mock awards. v6 [! h/ R3 g7 C; u1 f9 A5 Q
15. Group lobbying
' `2 H* j$ I3 d; X" Y" m 16. Picketing
" T, J' q" I% E6 a; t% W% k 17. Mock elections
! C4 d" b8 l. N, K) _2 s/ a4 b( P8 y) z* w4 W
Symbolic Public Acts. c: b S! Y" k, I$ z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ q7 B) `2 y( @( A/ m( r+ i3 d 19. Wearing of symbols
, [) Z3 N& O5 i }, j5 p( H 20. Prayer and worship
; G; E0 r3 i$ R: D& L 21. Delivering symbolic objects/ i6 `8 t; _& w$ @/ ]: I
22. Protest disrobings
4 E w8 O2 _' j D) [3 x" Z* _8 k0 n 23. Destruction of own property! l2 Z4 h$ {+ w, Z8 o: \
24. Symbolic lights" U; e7 m$ |) U; n" j, P
25. Displays of portraits7 h# O9 M+ e( Q, r* D7 k
26. Paint as protest( Z/ n4 b- B0 l* y
27. New signs and names# n) M7 T) p( M1 z4 m! ^- ~+ v
28. Symbolic sounds6 ?2 g3 U; }/ T: @5 y
29. Symbolic reclamations. {; B' \/ z6 V0 x" i- ~
30. Rude gestures0 o# a$ ~9 ~8 a) S! f' g, Q9 p7 H& m
. v/ j$ [- R' ]: i# T- a2 Y
Pressures on Individuals0 [( t* h9 O! {- d L- s+ o2 s+ h
31. “Haunting” officials! g' O: n! _0 P& T+ ?
32. Taunting officials
2 _6 Y3 F3 D$ d0 e 33. Fraternization
# n9 p$ A3 h1 @3 f5 t5 Y8 E' d! W 34. Vigils
0 K: W2 b ] n+ m- V$ C, T) B
V# I4 K0 I& d( I; ?) _ qDrama and Music
& ?8 S: E) X0 K. x# g 35. Humorous skits and pranks' ]3 Q: y: h6 S: d/ \, p2 Q R
36. Performances of plays and music
( j% C. [& Q3 H h 37. Singing; v7 l: u; r% k. j' @% b+ S
- l! T7 N2 }/ Z' D8 c1 }
Processions
% E h' |" ]' \( b 38. Marches. g2 W: T* Y; B* G- m6 m
39. Parades
5 Z {. E; [( ^2 H4 H 40. Religious processions# W6 E l& V& o2 b. f. P
41. Pilgrimages+ i* K: y e- X+ U( R' U u E
42. Motorcades( H! }: {6 k) X- }) L
0 ]' n" L* R; `$ S5 [
Honoring the Dead
6 g t- a7 \5 X1 u# ?! g4 `8 ~ 43. Political mourning7 P( b4 s* m9 @6 L
44. Mock funerals# a1 R& C& v& p* Z3 q6 M
45. Demonstrative funerals8 ^' u% D, z: @: B6 L
46. Homage at burial places
+ Y o" a3 p/ I, U4 G: y* o) e2 z
Public Assemblies D& S% k B0 Y) S3 w) [; ]! Z1 I) N
47. Assemblies of protest or support4 F& q# O/ U* {
48. Protest meetings
+ Y% M. J0 ^3 m9 p3 R# @ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; g2 t$ f# A! b; h- F 50. Teach-ins7 H; S) t6 N# V1 W$ H7 i
# N K- Y& R- s) y* O# ~% L) e
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# `6 R* R9 q8 O: _( n 51. Walk-outs1 F. ~+ U4 {8 ?8 I& \ s
52. Silence- L- C& P, J- l8 A! }5 U7 W. u
53. Renouncing honors
- ~/ d ~! H7 x. ` 54. Turning one’s back. J( ?* a1 j2 L: d$ F1 x: }& y
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' M. H3 o3 S. U
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Ostracism of Persons
- v1 m5 X5 O! t# u7 M 55. Social boycott
& a8 s0 w/ @* w 56. Selective social boycott! k% e$ W, r% B0 g' D% Y
57. Lysistratic nonaction+ E5 n. n& s9 A. q0 D0 `
58. Excommunication
* c2 I( L- |9 A+ g 59. Interdict
( B/ M; y4 S2 t) J; Z* `, W F l3 q; b4 v: q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ C5 x: r3 j( E4 @8 h
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
* m+ m6 Y4 e2 M2 Y- t 61. Boycott of social affairs6 S7 Y; G I$ i& D
62. Student strike
/ R3 o" S9 l0 f' W# q* D! a. _ 63. Social disobedience$ X: [9 C3 d+ W
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 ^% m6 F: ^) F! ]: T
& ~* p, {( ] R6 q/ a8 vWithdrawal from the Social System9 l- c4 i7 d9 O- k! k" C- X: T
65. Stay-at-home# N3 g% w1 H4 j* Y- {" s% z; V- O3 z
66. Total personal noncooperation
; h4 H ~, e0 C$ L; H 67. “Flight” of workers) V7 D, X! j- h* B' L0 q
68. Sanctuary
. j9 g: u! P; o+ a/ p% ^1 {, n: ] 69. Collective disappearance
( c" E% x) W# T5 v 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 S6 Y- e0 L; d4 Y8 G I
7 v0 c y8 Q% j, [8 s
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2 j& u1 e7 W; b1 N& `5 Q* pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
' G( Y) r3 [! i+ g( ?3 e# I/ E+ N$ ^( J# U$ a- ?( u& I* I' G" u
7 t$ ~9 [# L) u& YActions by Consumers
2 e4 v5 _& n& G! b+ @0 O% D; a 71. Consumers’ boycott
# c6 D3 A, \/ l ^# L' |# P6 g8 K! x$ a 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" i/ |) h- @" W3 L3 O* l
73. Policy of austerity% K8 O' v" X6 U6 |
74. Rent withholding
I% c+ X% ^- c% u 75. Refusal to rent
0 a) o8 D7 X1 O2 k, f7 k 76. National consumers’ boycott
$ y8 x6 x5 |8 r/ O) ~/ {, W 77. International consumers’ boycott$ J6 @3 G+ [5 R8 A3 T1 M; ?
7 J- j' i8 Q+ i+ X) J" b
Action by Workers and Producers2 I. E. S' r7 c; Q9 K
78. Workmen’s boycott: D' S6 B6 w& l s1 w
79. Producers’ boycott
, j) b7 m: S/ I$ q; i6 F( `$ y
6 \" u' e4 C9 e1 A \0 }* RAction by Middlemen* x5 e" t( i7 H" M
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 @' r8 v, _8 `1 A3 _* B9 @% D. I( D G! ~, N3 Y/ M
Action by Owners and Management
1 t u u: g& N: X0 t6 H X 81. Traders’ boycott% l9 S9 ]6 s6 C$ @7 u
82. Refusal to let or sell property
S* a3 u& V8 M' T$ E) ]4 O d 83. Lockout5 d+ @) T' o/ ~. N% e% K; i
84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ ?, p; W5 x" R+ P& b+ H
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 @$ l5 r' `, B5 |. P
7 n( @ ~( ~( ?. V# {- h# D, K
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
' N) N$ n% y) P0 R! w: ~ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ z4 G/ n9 a/ F 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 g/ U5 y) o: a' a; u- a& y/ f
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
) ~! `/ ?4 D& O$ W- ] 89. Severance of funds and credit$ g& W# s: f7 R5 J3 g% T* S" L. h
90. Revenue refusal& m9 P/ g* b. s; o! j' k
91. Refusal of a government’s money/ ~' N& l9 X) `
0 R9 B7 ~. q8 o: x# m! r- T
Action by Governments& I+ b/ u5 h, Y( q) h6 N
92. Domestic embargo
4 A, K$ q, h W1 N& ? 93. Blacklisting of traders& D5 b5 ~# G) N2 x
94. International sellers’ embargo
/ }4 I+ l! x9 \$ E 95. International buyers’ embargo
9 x: S, M [; `" K0 @7 P) T 96. International trade embargo! w+ \; f: h1 y* v5 O4 Y$ j
8 x) ?6 U1 ] S0 c: j- d
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0 N$ l% c0 k- D5 Q" B5 `5 G6 I8 A" {
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ S) h+ o, L4 u! L; [, ~2 \4 `
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Symbolic Strikes
" J0 b; p. C; T3 ~' G 97. Protest strike3 h; l8 A. j, o* B9 N% j
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* ^5 u7 \* T; u
9 h4 }) O1 b2 Q, C2 J, e; zAgricultural Strikes, @4 L+ i. i+ a/ I x+ @& U+ k, W
99. Peasant strike
% G* D; }% |6 v/ G$ ?. |' E 100. Farm Workers’ strike2 ?9 V- a2 {% w, ~ b7 n
* P. r: J9 r" ~& f4 ^
Strikes by Special Groups
4 k5 {0 V* O( T$ f$ e% [ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
: ?9 d ~. o t 102. Prisoners’ strike
" Z6 e* O, P% S) J6 _4 Z 103. Craft strike
u8 s J6 P) s3 R+ X 104. Professional strike1 x# L) D% j4 ~: x" @
4 w/ H$ O# K1 b" ROrdinary Industrial Strikes n7 K9 X- M" A9 n$ T) p
105. Establishment strike
; O9 ]: G. g9 g- H+ V, w4 B 106. Industry strike# |# n$ j# `" s' m5 M
107. Sympathetic strike
$ E, b9 N1 J4 r% [' H2 Y d3 I
$ p0 U' \ }- W# A+ C! tRestricted Strikes
6 [% C- R2 D8 E0 R" A 108. Detailed strike
) I7 e* R4 k( C% c0 P2 \ 109. Bumper strike
; [0 j% y* Y/ t) f/ _: r/ Y 110. Slowdown strike
0 \. O2 J, S' R, F" i |- T 111. Working-to-rule strike2 c4 ?% L# h/ S. ]3 V. e
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% `$ f& U8 B" H& G 113. Strike by resignation1 Y2 t c: J4 j) T& h |! [- Y7 J
114. Limited strike
/ Q6 v9 H/ E, w4 {4 C7 m1 _- g& K8 g 115. Selective strike
* U. {9 m& j& Z( \0 g' T$ u! @' A8 [3 H5 M
Multi-Industry Strikes
- b4 `" }, V$ W! ]( q |& }. {- S- k/ J4 @8 `: s h& e
116. Generalized strike. D$ b! g$ B3 _& M2 U
4 T/ U3 K- w+ V' G: p; |3 s
117. General strike/ ~2 Q. K" G( K) x, Y8 ^
( _0 x$ n% }: v6 I
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
& m7 F! ]* }) d. M9 j8 c
1 J) Z' v* A) U 118. Hartal7 A4 m5 r' C4 o
8 h0 [) v8 b# K, q; o4 O
119. Economic shutdown0 `2 w$ r% a( q) A( _
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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* R. u' j& ^0 u3 \) y. ~/ NRejection of Authority$ h0 b. M' x5 u) {
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ w$ ?5 g* ^$ W3 t) E$ S
121. Refusal of public support
" g, Y' ]! ?2 @- V. v+ p" {1 n8 l 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
8 \% ^+ \" @% G( ~' W
; m- J# j+ o( K! ]$ t) dCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government, e% S* {7 D+ r. V- o9 P0 `, H
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
- S2 G' b7 H* ^4 a: c) z$ @ 124. Boycott of elections' W: {# Z: ]6 V/ \- W/ X1 u
125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 E. x0 |' N; `, o* F/ X. x
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# ^4 Z$ N0 I/ U) A3 ?& g; R% w, \ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 U: X; Q# Q' t4 {) ?2 x. ~ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 ?6 _9 q- O1 ~8 t$ q7 {( c8 I
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 `! l s7 O. l& a* q% }6 p! W* I
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 Z7 Z. f- P l" Z0 s7 d$ r 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. R) Z; o2 f. h) r6 T
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ X$ _3 v P0 z% \ M, p0 a/ _$ K1 o' r9 s+ R* q- W: C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 E# O* @/ x7 ]$ B& s( U2 P 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* H6 d7 T: N7 r- Q, I" Z" e 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( V6 x1 S w& \0 d7 C- p 135. Popular nonobedience
& r. X. g+ h* z1 h5 p, }. l 136. Disguised disobedience' y% T& V3 Z; X* r4 d" u2 j
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 L* h5 S7 A5 S+ c# l0 E0 U0 H, U
138. Sitdown O3 G0 ], e" N
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 I7 J3 y* F; b! }. r 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 u- r( W) V; n) Y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 Q9 r+ f7 Q8 Z' s1 ^0 n9 u; m' ]8 I# D- a8 F
Action by Government Personnel
" L7 C5 k' c; x9 s 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 R$ g' T7 l- v y& v @: z2 H 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
, E+ ]' r0 g: x 144. Stalling and obstruction
7 z( N/ f5 y' g; k" m- { 145. General administrative noncooperation
( ~8 S1 C- S9 a6 Y4 s" Y
! p# _: x8 Q1 Q) ^7 x- J" ^ N 146. Judicial noncooperation
7 |: i) \/ q4 ?1 h 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) o d' m1 {8 \) q. R4 Y5 Q$ X& \0 W 148. Mutiny& u2 ]7 y" @4 _; s M
Domestic Governmental Action
+ u$ t% I0 Q4 q1 g8 ] 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
+ a% j V" Q( T& S5 {6 W9 x; y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! t8 ~+ ~ S6 v( ^$ {, ]
3 c' A4 x. q$ B5 c6 U1 UInternational Governmental Action" U. p @4 B& v
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ r9 H. o, q( A
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% S, P, ?- ^3 l8 n1 |
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 m9 g H6 j9 h9 o 154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 U) `, E1 K# J; z9 ~* }# O f8 L
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! p# o5 I7 ?0 |: v 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 w' n8 z0 F' r" [! w
157. Expulsion from international organizations* ?# E Z& m0 T8 i; Z( m1 I0 p
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 Q( }5 T& R8 @8 E( K
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( d2 G; G% y# E' p0 ^Psychological Intervention
* m% h5 [- [# c, A0 K' e 158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ E! u0 f m8 o' V2 x9 `* t# a 159. The fast1 I9 O7 [- m* y- J; M% }$ |6 U
a) Fast of moral pressure/ l" I2 E+ p' W8 T; B. z
b) Hunger strike
' Z" V' b% K& x9 R) j c) Satyagrahic fast2 W& o5 y+ b, Z9 T' l1 e
160. Reverse trial; A9 m! W7 C) t( O6 [' V% X$ m
161. Nonviolent harassment
% y) ^; V* I& a: t* w$ y1 _+ C3 o; z* Y1 d* o- ^
Physical Intervention7 [( J& g4 Q5 B5 }
162. Sit-in" h9 S; U' Q: z* ?* |
163. Stand-in9 F1 Z8 W4 O) w ]! k3 b9 j9 j9 s
164. Ride-in
( r2 i0 c2 a; R2 K9 N 165. Wade-in( T! j" Y4 b6 S0 k
166. Mill-in9 c& b1 x5 Y- z# Q( T: c& U) e
167. Pray-in
" d; l9 I' m, M0 C* @! K, m0 j 168. Nonviolent raids
0 h7 T7 e8 W7 }# C 169. Nonviolent air raids- j; A& i( R. V' C7 Z0 p0 I
170. Nonviolent invasion
" J0 U. T8 T" ~4 _' s' E! G4 z 171. Nonviolent interjection7 A% b+ a$ c" ~$ x
172. Nonviolent obstruction" D: k5 a; w6 m1 b4 H8 P
173. Nonviolent occupation: d) @5 N; o8 @. a5 a% r! J% Z
- ], C/ _$ F. @ {5 p& NSocial Intervention
) ?8 |* e6 w/ E7 l( J% Q! \! w 174. Establishing new social patterns$ }& O! {# H n( k" T5 D
175. Overloading of facilities
. i8 @$ }/ M% J% J0 ? 176. Stall-in) }5 c; p6 e G! `- }7 j
177. Speak-in
/ j' j, m5 Q- r, m& A# X) ^ 178. Guerrilla theater
* d5 D3 K1 y7 e d 179. Alternative social institutions
6 x/ u9 p2 L0 i0 i+ U) Q 180. Alternative communication system
, Q5 C/ C# a7 c0 b$ n$ N B- x3 r; C2 k+ T
Economic Intervention
& w3 _8 H5 Z% X 181. Reverse strike4 k+ B2 c0 A% \+ e4 U, O" ~
182. Stay-in strike4 j, H' A( U5 B! C
183. Nonviolent land seizure
) W) v6 o7 |/ H5 f 184. Defiance of blockades( h2 `. U- O; N) |. b
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& ~. @2 Y' ?. ], V 186. Preclusive purchasing, L! v+ \7 m7 m" j8 A1 Q
187. Seizure of assets
* N2 G7 Z" O% t 188. Dumping! G8 g+ R6 B) ?
189. Selective patronage
0 h1 d- h3 y" u- A 190. Alternative markets: Y) y: B6 s8 A
191. Alternative transportation systems
; H) D6 ~3 i$ _# {" U7 N 192. Alternative economic institutions/ ^) Q+ x+ j! P5 ^
+ u+ Z$ |# c9 \2 N! B5 j
Political Intervention$ g5 ~" m$ A$ W0 ]6 R0 ]
193. Overloading of administrative systems
& l4 T9 u, `, N 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 N* M) Y/ K. Y7 U4 r 195. Seeking imprisonment
# D d% {2 Y: `; C1 M' M 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' R2 x" Y& H o! b, R( H+ V5 t
197. Work-on without collaboration" U, n# F$ i" {) G" s* Q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government- p5 M# d* t) y' i& c( `% T
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
