 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, [- {: X( J" j. f4 n
Formal Statements5 ~9 V. Y! `. }
1. Public Speeches
5 ?' [+ A0 m. V# m* J7 M* c 2. Letters of opposition or support
. ^; e& m& z& o9 ^5 t3 q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 O9 t* f. O- f1 d( g- Z) a 4. Signed public statements$ S3 d/ }$ G; g' [! E' k, Z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention& K6 W+ f* q; u1 A5 S: G
6. Group or mass petitions: C3 P2 d- e8 X ^8 T5 l
) y Y- O4 f9 a6 D1 Y+ W4 BCommunications with a Wider Audience$ R1 c4 \$ D0 g# ~9 ~7 U0 o
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& r. v5 ^2 a/ M1 i, e 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ ^0 E' @' P W$ I* m) S K 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ P7 z+ @5 {2 { 10. Newspapers and journals
; d) p/ Q' `5 f6 O 11. Records, radio, and television
% v# ~5 E6 C& N t 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 X4 _3 `3 F- T) y! H/ t3 _. P: Q
/ f8 A* j, \+ H1 r% n2 G! h( E
Group Representations
6 g1 I+ o- C2 X% l7 X* s( G 13. Deputations* t4 O3 o9 y1 A
14. Mock awards
+ u1 o& `6 s+ t" h& Q n- q 15. Group lobbying
# ?2 p E8 c+ D4 l 16. Picketing
8 Z% v6 n' M1 h N 17. Mock elections
, ]* M0 {" Z h% W$ Q/ M# M; }# |$ u9 }! Y
Symbolic Public Acts
4 N/ n8 M) Q6 T( E( b. m 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors* u$ B3 \ @# L* ^, I
19. Wearing of symbols$ z# s, m A+ r' ]$ l! ~
20. Prayer and worship
6 V6 m' Z* n1 ~+ e( h 21. Delivering symbolic objects
/ t9 n1 f/ M4 Y) H 22. Protest disrobings
& J! Q0 U& U1 \5 q( O6 d/ C 23. Destruction of own property( ^% W* P9 a* E' m. q
24. Symbolic lights
$ W) Q% Y5 z7 j, m$ I 25. Displays of portraits
7 W+ Y; |" p/ G 26. Paint as protest) i* B- m O9 [+ n
27. New signs and names9 _! W9 L; W- ^9 D# @
28. Symbolic sounds4 u: l* b* r) A( h2 {% q
29. Symbolic reclamations
% F1 V9 @( J, \ 30. Rude gestures
# ^* {# t5 g/ d6 b. Z' e
0 k2 L8 m, |) }) h [' ZPressures on Individuals
& S3 S$ r5 C9 b6 z# ? 31. “Haunting” officials( q7 E: e- N0 ?3 i& g
32. Taunting officials
& [ U" `3 X3 { P 33. Fraternization. P* Q H* E' k, N3 @
34. Vigils" n' G& i1 l# O* H
G5 v" a8 D* J5 }! N6 B$ e
Drama and Music- F) ]' ~. U: m4 }
35. Humorous skits and pranks
q- J9 R! W" g6 H; V' D1 [ 36. Performances of plays and music
" R% |8 Q. w/ }. E9 q 37. Singing- w: y% g4 Z2 \! ?4 O' \
9 }8 j) l, S9 N: d; N6 ]Processions
5 E, w2 }8 x1 O) z 38. Marches4 o- }6 Y0 s9 s7 s
39. Parades3 V: A! ~8 ]; D( D1 j' h
40. Religious processions7 X. h, V M8 c, }) d4 {' `
41. Pilgrimages
2 E5 h9 w! s! X 42. Motorcades
# G% _) F6 @/ m
0 a- J, z0 ] i0 P" z( ^. l! C( S, zHonoring the Dead) ]: H: R+ f0 j5 U
43. Political mourning4 c; F4 X7 s% [, f( @
44. Mock funerals8 `7 Q% p. t) J7 w6 i; D# b
45. Demonstrative funerals% L, ^. l- g- R- A+ S
46. Homage at burial places# N! W0 ~' X# S+ W* W! f! }8 [
% q# E3 k- l' Q1 s4 x2 E9 X
Public Assemblies0 {3 W% w. h, r9 f% t2 E8 m/ W
47. Assemblies of protest or support
- x B$ L! U2 h+ a# U I, S. O' ` 48. Protest meetings6 x- _& b, S8 F3 E) M6 Y, e/ `, t- U
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, ^) T& W; `5 {3 n; t; x 50. Teach-ins& ]& I1 S9 S% A7 |2 T# t
. A `% S9 |& O' P6 a. L% ~7 oWithdrawal and Renunciation; L# s2 K7 f6 _; v8 a
51. Walk-outs7 O3 k, Y0 F( m! b' a
52. Silence
( H N/ }) A. G& D2 \' [% s3 H 53. Renouncing honors! v# `( j/ Q* M( K
54. Turning one’s back* w" L' E# L8 k1 b
& Y, Z/ z( T9 m5 g) q1 i- k ( U; |; j6 {7 d1 X+ Z* E
# d+ ]! @3 ^/ i) `) g! T$ W2 L
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
, w z+ E+ [, [7 p' ]. f1 D5 Y) P1 S) F3 Y' P
) j8 {$ d w6 n1 f; l1 Q
7 B$ q5 G% W5 \' t, i
Ostracism of Persons% v1 N" B* T0 X0 D9 O) s" ^7 Z( R6 W! q4 M
55. Social boycott. W( v5 R; n% |8 `
56. Selective social boycott* |+ h% k6 D8 d5 X. l& Z4 S4 Y- u
57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 y. e+ x9 R: ]3 K 58. Excommunication; \% v5 I* P8 j3 Z* b6 x3 W8 r/ g
59. Interdict( t6 ~( b* H3 k4 J$ m$ j4 ~3 @8 k* e
& ^) R$ j$ q$ t' k" V
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 A6 B4 v( e2 M9 } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 ~: X0 w3 r5 |9 s; F! q
61. Boycott of social affairs3 c5 N( t }* b* [
62. Student strike
6 P" @4 }. }# | 63. Social disobedience: X) {, A' u; D7 v% G" r+ q" P- X
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 W# |9 l2 b: Q- O1 m
4 G/ u2 {$ L$ g% b7 V6 x5 rWithdrawal from the Social System
1 Z5 O# Z) H' n% O. V 65. Stay-at-home
1 @0 S# L9 ^3 `; O& U+ e( ? 66. Total personal noncooperation# C% W3 I0 W- P l; g) B
67. “Flight” of workers }* x, R! s3 O! I* m0 Y
68. Sanctuary% c0 `5 l( k" [: h" K
69. Collective disappearance
- A" H) a) b& G) i; j8 e% h. R) t 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
2 K3 X6 U, J' a4 X1 a d' d! e% \
& ?7 s( Y& H9 ^# Q: c' b1 K" P 7 f' q: W5 {! }' |% Y
8 R) K, P8 G: ? d0 u# A9 _* fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 A/ E) M9 J6 J$ d4 [: J. X
5 S" B* D7 N' K$ g+ q
$ F& W$ n1 X% A0 C3 g% QActions by Consumers/ g: F a0 L5 T- I* n& Q
71. Consumers’ boycott+ @! t: k0 O# H# N
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods6 U3 |+ i9 v1 e& q% {6 O
73. Policy of austerity
4 u! K; [% y6 Y7 `- k8 C, f 74. Rent withholding
' g6 k6 ^5 j$ I7 s. G 75. Refusal to rent/ x) D4 [* J1 `
76. National consumers’ boycott
: b* H: |- ]( ?3 u$ N' U+ X9 A4 a 77. International consumers’ boycott
j/ G9 w9 l+ Y* Z5 d, O; \0 c3 N% R" K. M9 N( `8 d
Action by Workers and Producers1 I6 |! H, ~6 `6 M$ V; \5 ]6 W) D+ I
78. Workmen’s boycott- w3 K7 _0 p, E8 `- U
79. Producers’ boycott- u! D, X9 ?$ Q
. K3 m: c, j0 m( `1 }1 ^
Action by Middlemen4 D% w) |- _) Z
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 U2 n- i( X% R2 B4 Y5 ^( W2 \( |% y( B6 V Z7 x; c
Action by Owners and Management
g, T( X; d( C 81. Traders’ boycott
1 M- _4 n: _' Z6 W4 w" r5 o3 c 82. Refusal to let or sell property% H7 h. `# m' y. i, N
83. Lockout
: n. i2 W. s% s& p+ L 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: G0 K3 Y6 O* W7 G* i W" f 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
- Z$ @) f+ F4 T) ^7 O% Q; X5 m7 t: S+ @
; p9 }) b1 i$ [2 a$ P0 s+ a" ]+ a& oAction by Holders of Financial Resources
& T/ Z; i- D: B W 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 u. u$ k9 n/ I+ s. ^4 k8 A2 W 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. j) J/ _% Q6 L; G
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 J. K7 a2 Q$ o) n5 v 89. Severance of funds and credit$ ] c) l: F3 z" Z* } ?- n& A
90. Revenue refusal7 z9 n/ o& L. k- S5 V6 B2 q
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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* D. A5 x$ u1 U. L0 Z/ wAction by Governments
( R' h1 H" }5 s q 92. Domestic embargo' X1 m: r! f* k! C1 @. J' O/ p
93. Blacklisting of traders
* I( z4 n8 ]- N3 t5 \. ?0 F" T& I8 F 94. International sellers’ embargo' {0 B& w0 f. y- q1 O- e
95. International buyers’ embargo
' Z9 l% {8 T3 d 96. International trade embargo: I. S6 E5 L1 ~& R
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8 d. n% y' e+ a5 q* L# {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
4 L0 u* S. R$ h9 Y u
4 |9 }; F$ g5 j* b( s1 g% X 6 [8 A h& m; v+ r% V
Symbolic Strikes5 p# {* ~- r2 t4 S. D
97. Protest strike9 x# A0 @3 r; U$ m: {
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 s6 L3 h/ k! [% D
0 H1 X- c1 D' }' D* g5 k
Agricultural Strikes
; H8 H' S9 i! m/ Y 99. Peasant strike
; S, {- X+ n4 C! k- a2 j 100. Farm Workers’ strike
! p6 V+ I: O0 e; j. k* J1 C( R1 k4 d A. e" G. @3 @
Strikes by Special Groups8 S8 B+ v/ o* Y8 F
101. Refusal of impressed labor
- {2 j4 P- x$ a. | 102. Prisoners’ strike N1 }: }( P1 N
103. Craft strike
/ \, y) z. O1 c, Q; d7 J. E& h) w 104. Professional strike3 C2 D D4 f4 b4 I7 l2 g" _ G+ s
9 C) P: j, n; l0 z( N
Ordinary Industrial Strikes- R4 T$ @/ b" A& e' Y# N# ~
105. Establishment strike
% U; B0 i* J Q; `: R E 106. Industry strike
1 s" g- g5 T" j 107. Sympathetic strike3 u6 }* L! J8 }" Y, C+ s
+ ]" _1 _' N; p+ y* }
Restricted Strikes0 f( j+ N# Q, ~7 a( ?
108. Detailed strike( d U+ W) ^* C
109. Bumper strike) d7 X5 }5 I( p
110. Slowdown strike
& G2 m3 V. Q# d! ] 111. Working-to-rule strike
9 T1 J: s1 O6 Y) U5 l- _0 J 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 `) s3 r& w$ B" R) a7 b L 113. Strike by resignation
, E& _) b, J5 i, X8 T9 u$ Q 114. Limited strike
8 {. ~! ]2 i1 V% } 115. Selective strike
2 U' I+ R. y7 p8 k
' M6 `% O- D8 j# iMulti-Industry Strikes
# l% V& N( b* m" M9 f+ b9 ?
1 X9 p* p4 c+ m$ }$ ^) q 116. Generalized strike
8 U4 M% v' C* @7 ?, h* s! H7 t7 Q; p' u# B7 @: c6 J4 Y
117. General strike
) u% A1 I; S. V
/ D K0 |( P0 a! Y# y2 Z* qCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures. r! X9 x7 X+ T; F) p+ d; e3 b) \0 ?
4 L& R& c) y5 Y# a6 T0 n( ]
118. Hartal3 h6 C" ~/ P+ ?# B4 z
1 U! H6 Q% e2 a. J+ F
119. Economic shutdown% M0 L+ j' I1 }, J2 Y9 v
- h, T0 S9 Y; D" P9 t2 H
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 P! w2 A1 X5 f S: DRejection of Authority' p5 m% I6 t$ c( e$ ?! u$ ^
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: ^- b/ ]# C" ?
121. Refusal of public support
# n" v) B1 r- s' F* Z 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 p6 J8 |! C, K5 K) l
/ ~+ n- ~; d7 c4 J7 `* NCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
U' C2 V* i3 J0 p2 M) n 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
@) Y( M" q1 |9 H0 s) p. d 124. Boycott of elections' i& m4 H( ~8 b& Z
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# u9 O8 j8 {5 {( ~7 C8 m% z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! ?7 H6 O# [8 x7 B
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 R1 M1 ]3 K) P2 ^
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( E' F! h* L; P, _
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 m! [3 t4 h/ }, u1 }# ?
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# R6 T% i9 q+ t& R8 q) D5 q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 `& m. L6 j! f1 @ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 E7 @- ]. G0 ?8 u- j: h
z7 f0 o" Q O4 h wCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% a6 g6 g, d: k. `- _4 L2 Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* a: |! R p; u4 F6 c' h 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# s. S* E X6 N. h2 z2 d 135. Popular nonobedience4 ]5 c/ R& N; s2 k7 \4 S
136. Disguised disobedience
: |, I/ @9 i' u; _# D; A 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse6 g0 ~3 p7 g3 t' C+ N
138. Sitdown
- c; F$ F+ V6 q( o. b8 ] 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ H& J6 r' o: m% E2 u 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 T/ O& u. L) W4 N& w 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, Q0 E( m" r" [ W
; C9 o+ ?2 W& f4 ^Action by Government Personnel+ |% S! z$ s, V# |* u- O
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ n, F+ `" q, i 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# N0 Y" L v ` 144. Stalling and obstruction7 D) B+ ]+ K9 {1 R1 S
145. General administrative noncooperation
- N! Q8 `+ Y8 n; a2 w
3 s7 _# }4 l4 E* U2 T0 u( X 146. Judicial noncooperation
8 o/ M& k2 s7 t4 O) P 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents5 J& r# P, L' Z# `$ X
148. Mutiny( A* q( f/ V& M' u
Domestic Governmental Action6 r y& g, N/ d: T
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ h% u/ T( R2 q7 m% W 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 I# l6 G7 @6 }" F1 F& ^# u5 `4 c" I& t; e% _1 S% m4 Y, e, @
International Governmental Action
B+ h; T" {( p7 [8 I: i/ Z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations9 i; m$ h3 B9 \9 o/ e5 q3 @: L
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 `* d K! }% | 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 y) z, e! E- s+ m; `! ~ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* g" k) b: s3 k( R1 I# H, o 155. Withdrawal from international organizations) b2 l0 J; c! L0 t0 c/ y/ m, Z
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" y' o+ J! `; T$ Y0 J% r0 f 157. Expulsion from international organizations. K! y: \7 b9 {6 Z
# m p1 H0 c4 ?% z& q! n
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! Z: x! v* c: }& O/ _0 bTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 i7 a! @% A- w1 _2 y/ B
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Psychological Intervention& L9 \) S) K/ d- V: G
158. Self-exposure to the elements+ f7 u" S% q6 }1 c
159. The fast
- B- i2 H# }8 b+ b L( ~! _ a) Fast of moral pressure3 b% n; o- F3 P3 u; X( C* V& U3 F
b) Hunger strike
; H0 d# L' e8 `* W" ]7 U2 c! V% t3 K c) Satyagrahic fast
6 Y' k4 u6 \" H9 O" c) o 160. Reverse trial
; ], O" s! i% z5 R0 t 161. Nonviolent harassment
% g7 ]$ \" T* c" o6 h
6 I& R. B2 j. f% X9 kPhysical Intervention; y+ f- b$ r9 M) V/ R1 s" L& c. Z+ A' \
162. Sit-in
% B* x- r& H. |5 D) u 163. Stand-in
1 D/ {& r3 c5 q0 P$ I 164. Ride-in8 C3 c% H- q6 W0 I( E+ a/ y8 f
165. Wade-in
0 G4 k6 i4 J7 {9 l) v, V 166. Mill-in
) X* I) a1 I. w 167. Pray-in# L1 q( m6 O& q6 n
168. Nonviolent raids
9 t4 X7 y1 z. ~* r( @# s/ g 169. Nonviolent air raids* C2 c' u+ S0 g# E
170. Nonviolent invasion5 ~' B- d& \# P/ Y- Y5 S
171. Nonviolent interjection- d' p( H4 `6 g$ q4 a9 O! c; q
172. Nonviolent obstruction. A8 H2 t) T$ \* n o- _+ I! M
173. Nonviolent occupation5 V( U5 r+ j; V. ^% _, s7 q: p
. S9 D- K! t$ A6 u, l
Social Intervention
1 h0 }- ?; \; ]+ ~- ] 174. Establishing new social patterns8 W. M8 @* `4 ^8 ~$ S8 c4 z
175. Overloading of facilities
0 b1 x+ |" ^5 I5 `" `: w7 g 176. Stall-in
8 V6 w4 P; E2 B( ` 177. Speak-in; d2 `- Z) ?9 `2 I. K$ V# N4 Q
178. Guerrilla theater% K& @ F( q: l, I/ z, j: ~2 z
179. Alternative social institutions6 b% f8 }4 R/ D
180. Alternative communication system" ]% X- c L( o2 s7 e) U+ n1 E
3 Z. N T- S- O3 `) k+ e! p- V
Economic Intervention
5 C) t9 q# N9 Y; r 181. Reverse strike
* Z b7 ^& T6 _0 Z5 [/ G; m: f 182. Stay-in strike/ B+ ~( X! S# Y/ ^4 v0 V4 y- F( f
183. Nonviolent land seizure
/ x' N4 S6 w% d" |6 F! h$ J1 J 184. Defiance of blockades+ B/ C5 k9 R. D
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 \* v5 f+ Z, ~/ e2 q( H4 q
186. Preclusive purchasing2 h( f) z' R4 |' K- T% D% u% |
187. Seizure of assets
+ ^1 K/ y0 `& Z( i. H8 q 188. Dumping
& `7 u7 _% L- l5 J- ~ 189. Selective patronage
' j6 Q* u) o8 ?, l, H 190. Alternative markets P1 @: {$ O8 @% r. V9 @ X: J
191. Alternative transportation systems: w3 s4 {% }& v
192. Alternative economic institutions5 Z! j0 F1 \0 o" p
+ k0 h9 A, Z, a N) f
Political Intervention ^. }& y) a2 z2 T, B
193. Overloading of administrative systems8 y# ?, G0 [2 }3 c) R$ K, C
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 i2 S3 y6 J. ^ 195. Seeking imprisonment
) g. w; ?2 b) h! N 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 ]( v! k+ g& `1 v" D# I: |
197. Work-on without collaboration8 W; L3 P7 I6 m7 A9 R3 y9 M
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government4 I" c+ y x$ c7 Q6 D
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
