 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! k. ]7 n' [$ G
Formal Statements4 q- {$ t; L6 {, S
1. Public Speeches
; T, w- W# h3 q7 h! O 2. Letters of opposition or support! _! I+ T7 c/ e: i- p
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
8 d. \# `2 e5 n( H2 W 4. Signed public statements& c X# }6 s" R% S$ ?
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- P* c/ X( v7 S3 b 6. Group or mass petitions) k, w5 ~) P4 P- d0 ^: ?- R3 f
2 N( o6 V# ^0 e9 H3 H
Communications with a Wider Audience& l/ |, F7 x' l$ a) v: U5 y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols( f1 B Y4 ], Z4 _6 r& J/ g6 ]) q5 j
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ w" r) S; M; ^ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 o& B3 m7 Y& i& l' L& @ 10. Newspapers and journals/ M3 f# k) `1 ]5 k) E
11. Records, radio, and television* F! w1 p' ~% F6 O* F, B$ k
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 P* _4 @5 N4 }1 K0 }- _. [$ K* D# U3 Z7 U1 p! X& [% a
Group Representations
) T0 w$ S3 Y5 q 13. Deputations! G, X7 ]$ f0 G/ ]
14. Mock awards
7 \0 a- K4 P0 ^2 {6 A3 f$ U0 p! ` 15. Group lobbying
2 L: C1 x( r+ e 16. Picketing# }6 l1 p0 A0 e" z) q7 U. |' t
17. Mock elections
. h8 Y: l; H* N; A
8 w6 [/ S4 Y- o5 ?Symbolic Public Acts
2 w3 p& p" \3 _7 e, v( } 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! Y5 V3 t/ _2 n; G7 {8 y1 L 19. Wearing of symbols3 L% h: d5 C4 {7 x: L3 B) Z
20. Prayer and worship/ F0 F5 \& v/ l, Z# t5 J$ _
21. Delivering symbolic objects
' f! o3 ~: I4 b3 Q 22. Protest disrobings4 u2 Z( z/ T7 Y0 m: y+ J; u
23. Destruction of own property
# Q- f8 Q; g) z$ p3 v! z7 } L, I# v 24. Symbolic lights
# y7 J* T) c ]( n- t/ ]/ m 25. Displays of portraits
& Y6 N2 x: Y& k: L# f# @8 Q8 i 26. Paint as protest( R- }: ?7 H+ O! }7 L) ? B% [3 G
27. New signs and names/ N- k4 k4 R- @+ f% y
28. Symbolic sounds B7 N" [$ O: ~5 X0 o0 T$ F
29. Symbolic reclamations7 E; x/ G( `, i' D8 F1 v X% w6 L8 {, R
30. Rude gestures
) k' p" G9 m1 c% U
# `0 `# _3 ] S( i- e9 ^: O5 ]Pressures on Individuals% \# c( T) @" h% f: P/ @
31. “Haunting” officials
* l9 l- B5 P7 N; n6 ~3 v) }" p+ @ 32. Taunting officials7 r# G1 a* d6 o! X i* }$ J. Q- H7 o5 h
33. Fraternization$ `8 ~6 C8 I2 |2 O) J0 |* T1 {
34. Vigils
1 U/ V* o8 O1 d2 R: }7 n/ ~! c% I' ]$ r' q
Drama and Music, w7 y& ?! D4 J( f2 E
35. Humorous skits and pranks4 g, g8 i, J& r4 H4 O& a0 @; Y
36. Performances of plays and music
; y7 v: S4 W$ C+ y 37. Singing( T9 b, n; ?7 j4 w( b. L4 l7 c
8 p" {7 W1 |3 O. L1 y6 B
Processions ^. T6 W K9 g( ^# u& N z
38. Marches
* d; u2 c0 z1 }% \- i! g 39. Parades
: y) {/ I+ N' ` 40. Religious processions
' E9 L- G: ^2 L1 f; D6 l 41. Pilgrimages
5 z! o3 u1 K) F& J$ x0 ? 42. Motorcades
% d6 V3 P% C) d: o- `- f, j# H& L: y5 Y: y
Honoring the Dead3 C4 \4 D+ b& z) f! ~ J
43. Political mourning7 S& |4 w# \; V5 d2 g
44. Mock funerals% {0 {: k; V3 ]8 M+ _+ p
45. Demonstrative funerals7 ~ u. Y# @/ h
46. Homage at burial places; M3 g% C: }6 T* Z* V/ b& ]
2 I! {7 k1 d$ r1 B
Public Assemblies
, _5 o+ G7 v3 u- Q# Z 47. Assemblies of protest or support
; D! l$ X% c# o) q2 F 48. Protest meetings
' G1 J6 q" Z' H 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
$ d' e( b! s. G% c 50. Teach-ins7 d# B+ a4 J! M
4 y+ R5 N: L5 g& u- n$ `8 I# S
Withdrawal and Renunciation, Q7 g! j7 x {, g7 P' {0 J9 b
51. Walk-outs
+ y' s3 H7 ~2 v4 q9 a4 N3 ? 52. Silence; E ^4 k' f7 i- F$ j
53. Renouncing honors
, F, u7 s! F. g/ A 54. Turning one’s back8 {6 S4 G9 |0 R+ w/ i
, ]1 }% N% p6 t; n . ^9 {. g y% m2 L. Z$ S8 ]
$ W, l) N* u& ^$ x" b& @9 {
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! h- m- Y' S1 U. e2 r9 D
0 I# K# Q3 s4 n0 a y8 e. {( {) q9 g0 ~
, m1 Y: ?, f4 Z2 q0 A0 d8 m+ y# a! @$ r; f+ J6 k
Ostracism of Persons
4 L+ I: ?8 m8 | 55. Social boycott
/ i& q' A8 a) _% P 56. Selective social boycott" C: Y& Q. J" u" }/ {2 x; B) X; _
57. Lysistratic nonaction( }6 i6 a& p S8 c \4 N- `: I
58. Excommunication* u, P$ U2 T* K8 D7 P( D0 ~; d& c# ~
59. Interdict
9 g ^4 l; K' O4 x x' F, I$ L' R* G
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: |! p ?7 F, n$ n
60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 @5 M p# ~# d
61. Boycott of social affairs
& H* {, J% m* H% c' N! x" l" o 62. Student strike
& V% W! [/ F( B5 g; p 63. Social disobedience
( S( V+ t- h; q' |: A 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; O2 a" t o/ ^6 c
* Q4 s' a9 i$ IWithdrawal from the Social System m& [& ?; Z( l. S+ @. N
65. Stay-at-home
6 a0 K- C( Z; N, _% k$ D* d" w 66. Total personal noncooperation
! X) l! \ y C- [ 67. “Flight” of workers
3 ~8 o- I& [6 u 68. Sanctuary( J$ C( \8 z0 d/ t
69. Collective disappearance! n5 M! c" `% m# W# s; A+ q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 h f) S4 t y# p) F2 E1 I5 U+ F# X; b) k
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 ]4 y; _) p" a1 M4 }7 u' R; W. P# z( k( h
# \' B5 Q9 k0 _1 U6 X+ ~Actions by Consumers% J1 g" k) g7 @6 m) R
71. Consumers’ boycott3 y8 U9 Z2 ]5 H1 i2 F, w ~
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 q# B9 ^4 _+ S# v$ ?
73. Policy of austerity; @' x" F' j& i; q6 o: b3 J' G. ~
74. Rent withholding" Z8 L: z6 T0 n# a( [
75. Refusal to rent
. T) E o# I8 F- `/ M! R4 s' N( Y; n' e 76. National consumers’ boycott
& S$ M: L$ D& A, p! e' { 77. International consumers’ boycott" K% q7 q. e/ m# z: e
# u8 D6 Y: w8 i2 ?( |
Action by Workers and Producers, [8 C& C! E4 ~( W
78. Workmen’s boycott
' @* f5 x$ y$ k) I/ i; e 79. Producers’ boycott
- p7 J4 r1 _" \: o
( O/ y- k& }& n" T" KAction by Middlemen
4 L4 o( b2 J+ H& m4 Q 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ d* M1 `9 B; _2 q. W" w
, r7 K9 O- j/ w. PAction by Owners and Management
$ h1 j+ h! K9 P+ `: F4 \/ k 81. Traders’ boycott
' c* V3 @& ?: W# N8 ~) Z G0 z 82. Refusal to let or sell property7 M* O! I* v2 w; a0 |. g- |
83. Lockout
# d" e" H/ q! l. M; D2 n 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ ]# t% o ^4 Y' H$ H! s 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
0 Q* g) ]% O: Z
( X. a w; m" ]7 bAction by Holders of Financial Resources* f6 J5 @) r* j: J3 \* r0 g
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
0 e' v6 X% N3 D3 m9 P& N 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 S- `1 z- |4 v0 p. C- [! \ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 @% }# Q0 s; ?# O
89. Severance of funds and credit
1 x6 j* Z! ^' l! k& ] 90. Revenue refusal
5 L4 }/ ~: @ ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money
: l+ d! t9 z! Q* f5 d3 B4 B5 N3 ]5 K. l& ^! G1 w/ M* V% C% l* s
Action by Governments# _* F4 D8 |$ r2 r
92. Domestic embargo
' p2 a5 |/ n- ~ v 93. Blacklisting of traders; \9 P; s5 Q. k2 I$ \5 a
94. International sellers’ embargo1 Y6 d9 N# U: d" ~- A6 [
95. International buyers’ embargo
! J/ G: r& \& g: |3 d 96. International trade embargo
/ P4 u) n* Z. S( R! f; m+ Z |6 H! q3 U4 R, G* L
6 c z; m& b5 W$ P6 W8 {% N
" F4 t) G0 J4 t, ^
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& ^* k9 W/ @+ d
9 t+ ^3 S9 L+ [% J. ^" P
& p- ^0 ~$ D. ?# K: Q$ A! ]2 t) D3 ZSymbolic Strikes( Y$ I3 Y- j6 g" D9 w. l
97. Protest strike
8 A4 X" S: i2 f Q2 \$ i) A& z+ [ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, a" z3 c$ S) D5 f! r
( B- C: j! b- JAgricultural Strikes# Y; J; b, \+ H3 X: a% L: s
99. Peasant strike: z3 z/ L7 E5 N9 f# z) _9 E
100. Farm Workers’ strike1 l B5 V! k6 m% O- }( p9 j9 W
9 |" W$ t* u! S, j, C9 ]1 ZStrikes by Special Groups
. v! ^* S7 A0 O' q9 W8 R 101. Refusal of impressed labor
# R1 q- t' q- n 102. Prisoners’ strike5 g% _9 e5 ?5 R/ B$ }6 {
103. Craft strike
( [9 G+ ]; O4 ]1 Y+ i5 f 104. Professional strike7 v4 [% `8 [0 q* h# z+ a
8 z5 {+ o8 A$ `4 _
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
9 ^% k. F# z3 M F. ]( d3 |, _* y& \ 105. Establishment strike
) H7 r; U3 S7 @ j) N8 ^* d E- e 106. Industry strike$ F T2 |1 i1 p7 b9 p
107. Sympathetic strike% Y4 ^+ J [, f1 W
9 g% u1 Y5 |1 Y6 e# K4 kRestricted Strikes
; V) q: I6 c/ G* g" _$ v 108. Detailed strike
5 |9 |( y+ c }7 e# z 109. Bumper strike( g. L4 q' W8 M3 g! }8 i( `! t
110. Slowdown strike
: {, _2 @9 a, f9 e( S 111. Working-to-rule strike
% h& p1 X4 \& M' }' i N8 D& B 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)5 N8 ^; Z* A' [6 H
113. Strike by resignation
3 l# q# w, r9 M- E4 |6 y/ h 114. Limited strike7 F4 b" m2 t8 T( r7 c4 e- f) a1 T' k
115. Selective strike
$ f% y7 l: M5 q; i3 L# }$ f- ~+ S/ l
Multi-Industry Strikes
; I2 w' v( E7 j5 r. a1 _! A2 c- x v9 T9 b
116. Generalized strike6 _* g. u4 Q- E% ~5 _
& q/ G8 G' `) o5 m9 U+ T 117. General strike
- O7 { q$ Z; W/ o# g
% K) o- w, l. [% J3 t& fCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! m; x; z# c5 z$ ]( O8 K9 a* a/ e$ o' B5 g2 \% s
118. Hartal
l( p0 \$ ?0 Y( Q! N) l- T( r3 t
9 z/ H! j) I% p 119. Economic shutdown
* l9 l5 Y" C; A% e" Y6 G. t
+ w( A( P! m: a% q) k% y+ u
& S, }4 }6 `# M' |7 ]
5 E/ f! [1 Q" J, K- e( J% `THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* ^) ` v/ T4 o7 Q3 v" }$ w
' ]# q* M& r1 u7 ?5 n- B; N
* i9 Y* T, Z. `$ m- V) P
Rejection of Authority9 N1 L& b" |1 f. k+ w
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. V: I0 a: Y9 T$ w 121. Refusal of public support
6 X' `& t! h4 L6 D) P: V 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( W: F% B+ D" v' y6 y. v! H' s" g, V; Y. R& f
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ Z- @' i, q# }- Q0 ]5 i 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 i, v7 ?3 |3 U3 g, L8 L+ ] 124. Boycott of elections' {' A6 x! E' |
125. Boycott of government employment and positions# m% B. E7 O( A# b% N. K
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 ?* B' P$ s3 V9 Z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions9 v/ X ~# _1 `/ L6 S) m& o
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 n; ?' Y7 m d8 Z2 i 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ w3 }9 L. u, X/ x; I9 o
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
V) o* I$ m/ i) {- M 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
: Y {9 b, y/ U+ ^- ^) h7 m 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 \, w" Z: d* S$ {( V9 h, a
3 V0 f% K+ P" O6 r6 `# c+ d+ vCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" k1 ]7 ?+ L9 X- R: \6 I0 D9 A# _, h 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 ~2 [; N6 P$ ~0 [; I2 P 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 U, E1 y% O( l4 D1 T3 f, K& i5 c
135. Popular nonobedience4 y8 `; }$ H/ c# @
136. Disguised disobedience
7 l- `* M( E- y+ r( @ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! z! r, b- |6 Z' ~ 138. Sitdown
8 D U: a# z* `4 U& ?. X9 G7 e 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 l' O% V0 E- L m
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; Q/ H# m; H: a |$ M! c
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' d9 J. p5 J( u( j
4 D3 D4 d1 [; d
Action by Government Personnel6 ~3 b. `- O& S }6 s
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 O; o r. B8 E& A0 P) p 143. Blocking of lines of command and information3 P* o/ O9 G+ \6 b1 q
144. Stalling and obstruction
: q3 n# ^3 ^2 ^5 I- q( v; z0 o 145. General administrative noncooperation2 a' G0 o9 h" O4 G4 I, F
1 Z: r3 ]( R" C; I$ n# B u 146. Judicial noncooperation3 x! t3 P0 _& {& F2 F; M; S* \4 C. B
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 L: x: m6 ?, K/ Y 148. Mutiny
, w$ c( O# v) a# W; pDomestic Governmental Action0 D; |0 _, \. q! i& D& L+ Z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ w3 W% U6 I! Y% n3 o
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units M- t+ t- L2 a1 W
3 E* ], o0 m+ T: o5 K- _International Governmental Action
6 D+ w$ a. C" S( |* m 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' k- n" d- V, P2 n/ k6 L 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. {7 \7 A. K! w' g' d* h9 L 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; S! j6 q6 Q' A/ _6 y 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- w5 t' O+ e/ |$ C3 O 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 `0 t; i4 h4 ?* m5 G. W$ ] 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 V8 f& g# d9 N) E2 x
157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 U4 r. Z# F# \+ d: k1 j |
* t# a) A) P$ ?* O3 y# |
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, O4 |9 w0 t5 ?, l4 q( ATHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: A! B" z) z' W1 X5 Q/ x! Z. d% n
5 M4 d* K$ a" Z5 @. }) ~
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Psychological Intervention
- }/ S* j. Z. y3 _$ o. z 158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 u, V$ ^& M g5 j. H T 159. The fast
. i/ N5 w0 }% q a) Fast of moral pressure
P! j6 I+ l3 @4 ] b) Hunger strike& I4 Y6 S, W* B }, g2 R
c) Satyagrahic fast: J+ L" F, W/ t# d, C. s
160. Reverse trial. N V' y9 b5 |' ]/ f9 p
161. Nonviolent harassment
6 ]( Z) v0 w9 d1 l; d0 H& {
) y, `( i' `, t M1 \( }9 W( T8 sPhysical Intervention
9 g0 Y; f' {/ R$ ^ 162. Sit-in5 Z4 `$ _9 B3 H. T0 o/ t
163. Stand-in. a4 r/ [; a7 |( R% U
164. Ride-in
+ \5 W5 y6 Y$ y4 I" Q8 O5 [3 | 165. Wade-in
" s4 K5 N7 ~* ` 166. Mill-in
1 V) a* n8 Z8 \- W) q5 ~ 167. Pray-in6 Q! P7 _8 S( x4 }6 h
168. Nonviolent raids
- @) t) `4 z+ J4 o' m 169. Nonviolent air raids
: h y2 O# [& X6 ~5 t7 Z 170. Nonviolent invasion; E8 X5 M# O$ C2 N. y( d
171. Nonviolent interjection7 M$ N" n" J3 K1 U8 s1 u
172. Nonviolent obstruction8 {: j! e, @; j5 _
173. Nonviolent occupation
4 \, E1 i9 L( _* z9 n& [; Q: w B3 C$ L) E) W m* `
Social Intervention4 z- W5 h! t) A- R
174. Establishing new social patterns1 y( p9 ?# m! \
175. Overloading of facilities1 L6 L F; _$ s O
176. Stall-in2 x6 j; h. x+ g6 ]0 h1 R
177. Speak-in# d: Q( l6 ^4 A8 ?
178. Guerrilla theater) v8 D/ k* M; x
179. Alternative social institutions
3 q/ _+ @% g' ~# ?& o. e 180. Alternative communication system
) R, Y: ^3 M8 I& H
& {9 ` ^2 i8 e- c6 R- bEconomic Intervention- w$ q7 [( L7 ]# E
181. Reverse strike
0 T7 T' R# w Q 182. Stay-in strike- X- R2 ^7 z- ?
183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 a5 I6 g# {9 y( K% \ 184. Defiance of blockades/ a, t2 `" _# g& G; Y+ D
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 ]. D1 h4 u4 g" D& X H+ Y3 h 186. Preclusive purchasing
) ?7 e( F% v- m1 _ 187. Seizure of assets+ {6 ^; ^- z5 }) v6 ~4 x+ {
188. Dumping3 g1 ~9 _5 r/ S& n1 c& e
189. Selective patronage
7 {5 K6 F% q% _8 K) Y1 s" T 190. Alternative markets
, T% d5 u; A" _+ }0 y$ C 191. Alternative transportation systems
0 I9 h9 W0 h* ^5 X# J 192. Alternative economic institutions
& t i0 i% M4 Z" D! x5 q3 b; s2 e4 U) y% E* H; m
Political Intervention
$ }# B; P: ~5 Z @4 b& ~) E, u 193. Overloading of administrative systems; {0 S# W* N9 n: a. h! F
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( {" i" a% r- V5 a
195. Seeking imprisonment
: \% D+ o. R4 @% {: K' D3 V& Y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- b& j0 O! l% T( q2 E 197. Work-on without collaboration
, e( G, H' [" h1 V& V9 B, p 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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