 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& D5 u1 B5 l, F# U, i# R$ Y( lFormal Statements% ]0 W6 w1 w! [0 `9 A
1. Public Speeches/ h2 b* n9 ?2 T+ g0 A& r
2. Letters of opposition or support
: p/ e2 J7 U! e+ K1 T; b7 d6 E f 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! ?+ x2 |% Y. f 4. Signed public statements
' H9 [; ~+ V% @7 {7 B- R. x8 q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# s* {* l4 i, D0 u 6. Group or mass petitions
8 D! _, s% M: Q# J; g, n
% |* N; H2 O, `/ \, L4 GCommunications with a Wider Audience
" C" S6 v% m2 `2 ~5 l5 v8 f+ w 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 Y' x' ~# e. m$ G1 s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& N5 I. j F* \% S* W8 V 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; `7 |0 y* S& |8 y s
10. Newspapers and journals
2 X O( r3 i% N% _ 11. Records, radio, and television
- b9 [: Z$ Z+ |& j" j% p$ I+ }4 Y4 d 12. Skywriting and earthwriting* C; j2 x! Z% W0 A' X
# K8 ?) n7 y+ |+ t* L. B: ?2 r9 l
Group Representations
/ e5 I: T) u* h 13. Deputations5 o, [. e( f6 O$ i
14. Mock awards. ^) X [1 D# ]
15. Group lobbying
, b+ {/ k8 I- a 16. Picketing R$ J+ Z5 R! i/ z
17. Mock elections$ E4 }& _: [, z4 _0 d, T
8 v1 _. S' E) ]; r# |% b2 M
Symbolic Public Acts+ I% F9 C* G' H) W* b
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors! Q' M$ j# [/ y9 ~
19. Wearing of symbols, h' o3 C U2 `/ ?4 Y+ H* a6 C
20. Prayer and worship* g. P3 [0 d, q' A6 K8 }
21. Delivering symbolic objects. W% z. Q1 u4 }# v% b0 t
22. Protest disrobings) S' j; t; ^! w* n; I4 }
23. Destruction of own property
7 @7 w3 c. ~8 J" l2 ] 24. Symbolic lights
; x5 h) B' n4 q. a% m6 x 25. Displays of portraits
+ Q9 o4 B' [+ M/ ?, n 26. Paint as protest
f( J0 p$ @" {5 A6 a/ g8 h. ?4 A 27. New signs and names1 J, [$ L5 H8 z* ?" I& w
28. Symbolic sounds
% [- r! I9 g' T Q! j9 \$ W8 M 29. Symbolic reclamations
( |' _- q3 f5 Z 30. Rude gestures5 V- W2 G7 Z3 d9 g/ J. g' I! E
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Pressures on Individuals, X9 L7 o4 N9 W1 |5 g0 f5 s
31. “Haunting” officials
2 V+ i2 Q+ I+ Q9 x) @5 |6 p 32. Taunting officials
* N& ^: m1 H3 S: c 33. Fraternization
$ F, O& p8 O. K e6 h5 i* H 34. Vigils
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$ t* V T- G3 o; l! }* I; Y) FDrama and Music
, i$ f L. [* @/ ?% X 35. Humorous skits and pranks* m& X3 }) Y7 V# y
36. Performances of plays and music
9 |! e$ p7 @! h; U; v 37. Singing
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/ N. K. ~4 i0 e1 b; G( G( XProcessions$ N3 H+ |& c" q& \, d6 P
38. Marches
, }+ S; ~' T I2 _9 I8 ` 39. Parades
% b/ }1 h5 f7 j, M 40. Religious processions
9 F/ `& e5 }+ [3 q2 W: i" H/ e 41. Pilgrimages2 _# g, n2 C, u- l
42. Motorcades1 F4 k; E7 ?8 P9 q+ Y
/ ~# M. G. q4 MHonoring the Dead7 y6 v$ Y& c4 d( O, z
43. Political mourning1 w+ m, I9 @0 E. R
44. Mock funerals
( z7 z+ t1 V, i) n7 J! d2 m 45. Demonstrative funerals
" l' K N' w7 {+ S 46. Homage at burial places
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7 ]" V5 c+ A9 J9 xPublic Assemblies
j& T0 H8 J: a1 d5 Q2 R 47. Assemblies of protest or support1 O2 ~1 L! f2 z. E
48. Protest meetings+ [3 c0 y0 X, P
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- ]: g7 C$ E2 h: k, W. K: L% f v 50. Teach-ins f( @4 A! X2 @) ]7 }1 e
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Withdrawal and Renunciation
- ?% y# Z1 _* N$ i6 U0 H. D 51. Walk-outs1 q- m7 [& G8 {- |# \" G! ~5 @
52. Silence8 C4 }, Y' A1 S. J7 w0 o
53. Renouncing honors5 R7 B& m, ?3 G: t3 s3 g' }4 o
54. Turning one’s back+ h' V4 X, W* p2 C* I
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
# S; F7 ^4 ~! o 55. Social boycott
+ K+ X0 ~/ M0 K' n& T( v5 E$ a 56. Selective social boycott
" w& V @" C$ R* J 57. Lysistratic nonaction! _; c N8 f* A s
58. Excommunication9 r- O% v- f& Y0 w3 c- ?: Q
59. Interdict
6 @4 b# y; l3 F# x; W* j& P! e; H3 y; v& i: M0 l; ]4 U
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 R% Y E' J! C9 I
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, D3 F" ]( k& ]. Y 61. Boycott of social affairs# i v/ U( `* s! X( F: f; i
62. Student strike+ i+ N0 }1 w# g5 l
63. Social disobedience
% o0 O0 m1 J: \/ B' H 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
. X! L0 ?- }7 [# m$ x4 ~0 {3 q. H" D% n* F$ w# `% @$ A) x E
Withdrawal from the Social System
- {5 U, Y* t- n 65. Stay-at-home
" ^! a% ~; d* G+ u- R; m) F 66. Total personal noncooperation
2 l2 r9 O6 j2 y6 P 67. “Flight” of workers
' s1 |+ p' N4 N* [3 i1 N- U 68. Sanctuary
" n; R0 M" ~: r6 I 69. Collective disappearance6 h7 N8 i" G$ u5 v
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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/ ~+ q, J0 t( c: e- uActions by Consumers
9 O6 I# t t1 `# h 71. Consumers’ boycott( T& M, |# L6 h1 T3 M7 I
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 {! O) _6 p- F3 a- | T0 d* f U5 `6 o% m
73. Policy of austerity3 W+ U8 ]- a& p, K! b
74. Rent withholding
; m9 L- q3 n; M, q, i 75. Refusal to rent9 b* b+ W4 Z3 r
76. National consumers’ boycott# w4 ]! {( W' I& E
77. International consumers’ boycott
3 \3 o% G4 K. m5 y
' H% q$ i: _) U" m, D& s1 eAction by Workers and Producers
; m' J8 }, q, k$ z7 @ 78. Workmen’s boycott3 f$ B9 d! S9 J& p1 c$ Q7 M7 Z, {
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen
! z; W% z/ c: P J, G 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management/ f/ X2 h q$ }0 i% `
81. Traders’ boycott
- _- v( ?, M5 {) v8 W! \! g' U! W 82. Refusal to let or sell property
- S: u. ]- \% H( m 83. Lockout, r9 Q* H) V* ]! [
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
[* G7 A( L# ]; d1 z2 A% T1 v* Z$ @ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources! P+ x0 }$ x/ o* E* L+ D! D# u
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- J4 f3 k! c2 z2 A. ~
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 P; Q& f3 @, V& g E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) W" B$ Z+ V* j7 o8 c
89. Severance of funds and credit0 b5 `! C+ w' Q# d) G' F4 m8 V* `
90. Revenue refusal4 x+ [5 i" b9 Y* _1 P o
91. Refusal of a government’s money/ e+ M9 @0 w, g! f
/ | `, M3 {' d3 t# |8 bAction by Governments' V0 `! V6 |6 W3 d: `
92. Domestic embargo! x8 A7 i+ s2 w# R% B
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 _) B9 h3 h( @, } 94. International sellers’ embargo) J' m- n5 B3 y+ K* z$ G
95. International buyers’ embargo
i; d1 S+ |8 @, S7 { 96. International trade embargo" R- l7 J7 I( h( o! J
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4 X v2 T. J6 |/ hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 X$ g0 `1 }6 V0 R' D
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Symbolic Strikes P; Z f! G+ M( C2 b
97. Protest strike' ~0 K( [5 M1 C: q+ ^3 r1 B
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* @4 m6 P \/ q6 \& u/ _
$ L8 c$ \; P; z4 q9 GAgricultural Strikes
( d( i, K0 |) {$ \3 X 99. Peasant strike" b3 @: B f0 o" ]% a+ O N# b; o
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 u- H# h8 e$ _: G; k! d+ @
& w& T/ U! a/ xStrikes by Special Groups
# _( h4 u' v# I3 z$ { 101. Refusal of impressed labor
. d4 x! }: }2 E X6 V4 i3 e' U 102. Prisoners’ strike2 I* n- p0 f3 V
103. Craft strike) n5 b/ B1 x* ~" t$ M
104. Professional strike
# T; j: K2 d* g9 Z1 S8 N) P7 M; _# n
% E4 A- X7 d0 u' D( b BOrdinary Industrial Strikes
% t/ a9 z: {" q h2 n. C: Q 105. Establishment strike$ M5 }" D1 E) n2 Y) b
106. Industry strike! X/ c7 l& V( v. D# ^3 a' i
107. Sympathetic strike
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/ G* I3 l2 `( [: LRestricted Strikes
& d7 z& o1 j b% h' L/ d 108. Detailed strike
" @* |! N9 i a2 V% I 109. Bumper strike1 V6 W7 m J8 Y+ H0 `/ n' D
110. Slowdown strike% p5 m- h. r' B# r) W% p( f
111. Working-to-rule strike
0 ?+ o5 o: L+ v# e# B; n( i 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: Z# {' W U% |: `9 r9 G- u; B 113. Strike by resignation9 S2 ` c W/ p4 z5 A
114. Limited strike4 |' M, l$ [! G" H' E/ F: r9 w6 h
115. Selective strike
1 c2 B W3 h# w, m$ w% E: ?) w8 N# T0 B7 d+ F" e/ |
Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike& w+ n6 r. N! |: w
& |+ i+ A$ M0 v* v 117. General strike
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* c, {# i1 v9 [3 O; [Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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4 V3 k! L3 U: A0 u; } 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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$ g0 u. ~: B6 o( HRejection of Authority
, x* e) h9 g: I" d( V 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 S& }+ a( @% P1 V 121. Refusal of public support
# [/ ]. D, o/ b% m3 V 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 j* S4 s" b/ o1 P8 [/ l8 l; \7 W- {0 T0 G" P9 p# Q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 b/ _. L: {3 X6 O: e0 d
123. Boycott of legislative bodies) ]) w) O v3 N3 l4 _. A
124. Boycott of elections
! B+ @- _0 V0 i V! F5 t! b! H 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ x, }6 Q) ~3 F# Z0 U$ ^" N 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ `! b1 z# Y; t; F7 ` 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions: S' h' c. k7 ~6 L
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 T) a) Z! h3 Z3 v* n Q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) m; j: Y' s; l* @
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 t* o7 B; a( }8 v8 c7 O' S' s
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 t# c, w+ E, n& o! Z# a! y
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
P/ p4 n& o& w
/ z" b. v$ v3 y [9 V: u$ {Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( I( l& n; K" A8 K4 h. B2 ?, j- O 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
! Q" |$ j9 V! t! f Z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 ^) |6 ?/ q; V* ? |" X j 135. Popular nonobedience
) A- S* {9 h5 v( `0 }5 {) W 136. Disguised disobedience
- J4 C" S$ R* A 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 F6 X ~" G% H+ P+ K6 U9 Q9 D* }& c
138. Sitdown
! E; F5 `" }) {4 L9 b! I 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ V' {+ Y3 }) m7 } 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ ^, Y! s: J9 S0 O 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ W, X7 s+ G. @+ R; [
: M! D% r% ], c* }6 }$ ZAction by Government Personnel
' \/ B- C% M8 l: h3 c0 p6 q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' \4 T1 C* v# Z" V6 J
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# e* _8 u9 f& L+ H' v. c, X0 h; { 144. Stalling and obstruction
: ^9 @7 T" p6 } 145. General administrative noncooperation; ^ |& J) v2 I
$ V+ L- W6 C% E( h 146. Judicial noncooperation
& S* E. a" _5 l! Z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
p2 ?- q7 q/ S; }0 s1 V7 } 148. Mutiny) s0 _- [! q2 v C* l5 J
Domestic Governmental Action5 L6 A8 P, l. r8 ]8 r( y' d7 @% G
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 e. w1 V+ M( P( ^0 \1 Y5 s 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
m1 F6 E) P! h! F8 h8 \3 }5 H5 i1 }+ b0 b1 A9 W
International Governmental Action( A1 T" `# Z" F- |9 r
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 A* Q5 I7 }8 |: z1 \7 ^, ` 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events& d& t' B1 L, i/ c' Q. |
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
4 `( h' f% ^3 c 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 j. \0 q. |: W1 K# X9 t6 P! B 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
h1 n; r. G9 ^; x7 i9 A, `" s+ U 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 ]1 a! l5 S; U; n# W
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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6 _2 T: X, K3 ^1 ]3 xPsychological Intervention
9 A2 s! {( P+ w 158. Self-exposure to the elements
" W5 B6 t! U# l3 p1 r, @ 159. The fast
, R$ d# j9 A U# c/ T, q' U a) Fast of moral pressure
6 a& r. f% L8 U! `) t b) Hunger strike
6 d4 z7 ^# R$ d$ A1 I4 D/ H7 x2 f# _ c) Satyagrahic fast
0 J$ m5 c l1 E8 U4 u2 o9 | 160. Reverse trial
" n4 w( A) [. O9 z6 q1 F2 e 161. Nonviolent harassment
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6 L" d6 C1 t$ d$ yPhysical Intervention o: _7 K% m3 L+ N
162. Sit-in
! |0 `, p. ?$ j9 x6 D% n+ k 163. Stand-in
0 k9 X! }, N. h. O% a. ? 164. Ride-in
* z" [! m/ R: t# _, s; w 165. Wade-in9 |* ? h' D3 f: Q) _3 ?
166. Mill-in
# k" t; t8 I+ ?" B' g 167. Pray-in
+ Z3 D3 a7 X8 y2 Z# e0 m6 z 168. Nonviolent raids
& K% d* `2 l% u- }0 r6 h) J- p 169. Nonviolent air raids* |2 q7 ?* L$ a. t4 g4 w/ i* ~) y
170. Nonviolent invasion H- T+ F" E& Q p
171. Nonviolent interjection ~) K# P; X: _4 T; Y; o/ k
172. Nonviolent obstruction
; K( C6 ]% U' n& B! C+ ` 173. Nonviolent occupation! J5 j0 [7 z. G: Q
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Social Intervention2 b$ H- p& v- P! q
174. Establishing new social patterns
* \& A$ _+ \0 t! R& e; V! I 175. Overloading of facilities
. J- ?/ h+ K0 j2 }" t 176. Stall-in& q. |4 w' M5 p+ g! p; K/ G" {$ V
177. Speak-in' q1 h! i+ V" t1 |: C% g
178. Guerrilla theater
/ ~9 O% C( e. h3 v) b 179. Alternative social institutions3 U8 t: G& G( F" h" i; X9 q7 Z9 n
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention* ]$ J! f7 T' h' g) P7 i: w9 A0 A
181. Reverse strike i2 @! @ J- Y5 ~4 P0 @ o! m
182. Stay-in strike" i, P2 D" p/ T
183. Nonviolent land seizure
. a% w, x% X+ I6 e9 I9 Q& [; R' ^* ^ 184. Defiance of blockades" J' ]6 Y2 v0 F: @8 x
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting) H- Q ]+ {/ ^. ~) X
186. Preclusive purchasing" S5 q& W& Y+ \) M( x
187. Seizure of assets
' `8 v2 Q5 i2 Y# |* D 188. Dumping- r- @/ w6 o% r' q6 |2 H
189. Selective patronage9 o! Z% ~8 `3 f! `
190. Alternative markets
: O0 o0 u( ]: G3 l2 F 191. Alternative transportation systems
$ v- w1 }& j8 m* t } 192. Alternative economic institutions
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: M7 e- O& ?/ ZPolitical Intervention3 g& o8 v$ Z# E; ?
193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 j; N6 x8 Y5 w( p! v2 F$ Z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( L9 ~/ v% O, r: R
195. Seeking imprisonment( `: B6 z4 p* c1 v6 O* x; Q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
H" h2 M- Q& d; Z5 ^ 197. Work-on without collaboration
. g! [8 O- [. o5 p) l* r2 U 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' J2 F; Q: {% t1 w- c# L
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
