 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 p4 j; F* u8 m1 @4 w, @8 f
Formal Statements- C" ]! H+ x9 G/ r4 O6 L) E2 _/ i
1. Public Speeches
+ F! O3 g& \: g' t% f% n7 Z 2. Letters of opposition or support+ R+ B8 K7 L5 q! e% i, ?7 n2 n
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- m }/ ^; T" q# J6 E
4. Signed public statements8 n! x8 c# J% I8 M: K! [, i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
0 x$ V7 w7 ?+ S% G" j" q M' | Y 6. Group or mass petitions
+ |+ b7 _6 ]) p: I$ D3 M
. E! ~7 i( T5 ~* i" C6 OCommunications with a Wider Audience" r5 w& B( g, D. ~" I6 z# _
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
/ {! R* {7 S1 k) [' L8 b/ `& n 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! o! x8 m& C) ^" p( G 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, q4 p5 w* c5 e# Q L
10. Newspapers and journals
4 l+ f/ d8 L( i, e; u+ `0 E5 y 11. Records, radio, and television
4 F8 o$ m2 W% h- A9 u% r; n 12. Skywriting and earthwriting! _8 Z& m- R' l D, }
3 R5 S7 V! [/ S: ^$ qGroup Representations
) L8 q, M/ J w% @; E3 e 13. Deputations3 d$ _7 ^8 H/ W# H1 |. S
14. Mock awards: p5 W2 M+ J a% s! }' C$ D! e
15. Group lobbying* W5 f3 C2 L$ ]' _" [
16. Picketing
$ k% w+ ^0 _2 [' z 17. Mock elections& u& T2 S, T, z2 \; V
6 M# ~0 z$ X: O" \
Symbolic Public Acts
( q9 I) v. i0 `6 ~# Y6 O 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# D% _+ A1 \" S; _+ d 19. Wearing of symbols. s9 {# ]2 U' W
20. Prayer and worship
4 W9 o$ V7 {( {3 z% \) X& H: ?& d 21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 H, ?! y0 E- B B6 C5 w& Z! k 22. Protest disrobings
/ G5 N1 ^" O( A& }3 J 23. Destruction of own property
, V# B4 p T* v- Q 24. Symbolic lights
$ M6 x0 z; G* T2 ?+ c 25. Displays of portraits
# a+ F* o+ N5 u( S+ f' N) k. L 26. Paint as protest3 {" E7 i8 `. S
27. New signs and names% X! s: H! x+ O) d9 k& @
28. Symbolic sounds
; E6 J+ W1 p$ n; d2 { g* n 29. Symbolic reclamations$ ?) t7 W+ k+ U m' C' t
30. Rude gestures; n1 b- V2 ]( U- n6 d* k
$ {$ ^, p w* g' LPressures on Individuals1 q7 n) c+ v8 `& d7 ?7 e( l, l0 [
31. “Haunting” officials
& Z. M' A* l$ k; p t. j) |% V 32. Taunting officials
( ?- Y: |5 K8 l 33. Fraternization
4 o& S* Q( h3 X. { 34. Vigils
7 I7 {- `1 F' c% @) V) S9 m5 Z4 m' V) ?5 X) |* k3 C. ]$ [2 R
Drama and Music
1 Y6 b' T9 J) y 35. Humorous skits and pranks7 |# c7 { q; N' a4 N
36. Performances of plays and music
( c3 N8 D6 j$ S- H {5 W" k 37. Singing8 U/ T) Y. O& T5 M2 R
0 R D" t' g' T
Processions
6 R7 X- }3 T8 D- d 38. Marches& F) F$ @+ Q# z- u% |
39. Parades; N& v& p3 B/ `9 M' Y' S2 j
40. Religious processions S$ m9 n( [5 q% G) T( a
41. Pilgrimages
, s5 P% j* {) P3 i 42. Motorcades8 q. d4 V/ p' \
) o& m) h. N4 a: k0 X8 qHonoring the Dead
. e: z4 @2 s# q3 z 43. Political mourning( [+ E% s. G5 l* e) B
44. Mock funerals
- ~0 I. u# z- u0 J0 |4 i, g 45. Demonstrative funerals0 w( `" |7 Q; N0 L
46. Homage at burial places
4 u- r9 r% |. Z5 E* R5 ?" M6 }: P0 Y/ c9 g' X3 o% M0 |9 ]- m: b2 e
Public Assemblies% |+ g0 ]$ s, b9 o- Y! J
47. Assemblies of protest or support& {" Q$ G( B# @4 P6 w4 U T
48. Protest meetings- \8 V9 K; `: j1 Q! m/ @
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 m) Y, F+ }3 A
50. Teach-ins9 C' X8 Q( Q; d' J0 ?
4 b- M) t n8 p; D) PWithdrawal and Renunciation* X* ^5 M% n9 T9 W& z) t Q0 U
51. Walk-outs
( l5 l! x0 [. G( u" \) x 52. Silence2 e; V/ o, u$ i1 [4 c3 _
53. Renouncing honors
3 k& E, W# X- N* [7 l 54. Turning one’s back
; Y+ g4 Y! K" ?0 e& W7 J, P( e' D2 _" q0 h" `5 P4 S# {
% Q2 a- l$ |1 B4 P- L4 j
. k. D3 u9 U9 Y4 V/ C* [4 G
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: o5 n# A2 p* a. W! L1 g, y3 |+ E( w1 E9 {1 P
+ f, S- m: R( w9 C7 u1 u, D' j F, n/ z1 ^: p/ ~3 I; ?: Q# x V
Ostracism of Persons
7 l% Z6 V! e. s' r 55. Social boycott( y' P& B$ S7 F* G4 j
56. Selective social boycott, x- C: [9 N( W; b+ Z+ h m* r
57. Lysistratic nonaction
: U( Y3 E1 _# c 58. Excommunication9 G$ E) M% S) {2 b
59. Interdict& N0 d5 d, ?# y9 g
5 v/ J' p6 M1 r; s6 q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( [" h; A6 R; I. Q: V/ L6 [ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities: q5 ?& D6 n" N8 a" a6 n
61. Boycott of social affairs& A- E! G2 E7 E- ]% e6 q* e
62. Student strike
- J2 {8 T2 t2 Z 63. Social disobedience @; ~6 C) B V5 s6 p
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) \) D; R8 r, L' z/ e; z
6 A& o6 P% p7 e! |& `+ E* B- N
Withdrawal from the Social System
! @0 n: H& A f* P" C; J 65. Stay-at-home7 h" E; q/ g+ M& o" B4 O
66. Total personal noncooperation4 \+ P9 q' G9 k3 p! f& m
67. “Flight” of workers+ n' ~" e4 e7 \# ?( j
68. Sanctuary
8 o2 P2 o+ d0 |$ c 69. Collective disappearance
: h$ s; {( x* f5 _, D 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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4 U1 R& O' g& ^( }: ^9 W* ]3 |
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! }5 E+ t V" M8 b9 m
3 {4 P( W% P$ [1 S/ P$ B- F
- `- ^9 M9 p5 v ]& f' b4 A( LActions by Consumers
) s1 s$ x7 Z5 I8 C- b8 |* T% Y' i 71. Consumers’ boycott
6 |2 q+ l( U# O( Y% u# B$ I 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. [6 u* \9 S2 h6 P8 f& O; j 73. Policy of austerity
9 r! Y2 y" k! _! }) k7 S; O0 v2 ` 74. Rent withholding
; r; q$ e* h: Z& ~2 ` 75. Refusal to rent
4 F7 N- B9 |2 R# S& }1 T 76. National consumers’ boycott
1 T# @8 `- l2 K) S- K& O 77. International consumers’ boycott4 K) {; W7 [) y7 [1 O2 t/ N
* c/ r( C; b: e" n3 q
Action by Workers and Producers
! Y g0 s5 ]3 a7 j3 K2 o0 t$ U 78. Workmen’s boycott
. m' I% _! g$ G; D* |$ L 79. Producers’ boycott: g, N- @) m/ {, j( z2 x
% R5 ?" R* t: O+ ~) X$ a# F: W8 M" E
Action by Middlemen
; y# m. ~5 a% W) q" ^ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 G( O( i0 { T' _# Y
! |4 ?. ?3 u0 d# E' Y
Action by Owners and Management* C/ O0 i* P+ c+ S0 m& f
81. Traders’ boycott! x* P4 h9 i5 ~. r; b5 J) K
82. Refusal to let or sell property' V4 X0 y+ G4 Z2 ~) o
83. Lockout
3 C4 |; g+ g+ U3 a 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 `8 {: a9 M. V( ] W( o 85. Merchants’ “general strike”2 H& K. c8 Y! s, T7 R
# D4 `* O2 c2 Y0 g2 pAction by Holders of Financial Resources
8 ]- i8 l8 ]0 F 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) L1 o* N3 Q! z9 |9 v3 V$ i0 _
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( C4 W: c5 h7 M- Y, [* K 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- K) h) u- }/ f& i 89. Severance of funds and credit$ Z' b* B. x6 H; o
90. Revenue refusal
+ N. F1 m4 j2 W& C* C0 W, }0 g- c 91. Refusal of a government’s money
7 _9 ]5 g1 z* O; j/ T4 G
; I' a# H4 _2 Q3 E7 z9 R2 m- [) Q* vAction by Governments
$ q; P+ G" t' [# s; Z3 e( J9 ] 92. Domestic embargo
" W4 ?" i( j' _2 e) u3 D 93. Blacklisting of traders
. R8 G( @2 u) f* G5 [ 94. International sellers’ embargo/ ?4 z) Y, c! k; v. j
95. International buyers’ embargo
6 M; y* q3 R; _7 T* y 96. International trade embargo
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3 y3 R. J" K5 C/ M" s3 O
0 \6 H1 |- s9 sTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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5 N$ n+ z& d$ T6 r0 D ) i; J0 t6 L% y! ~8 o
Symbolic Strikes1 e. L2 T$ d g8 L5 c- r
97. Protest strike! {6 i# Q. Q' ]7 s- c3 ~0 r8 _5 Z" n
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). O# ^# u/ a2 r6 _" H9 G6 `& }
, I0 P" ^# r' b9 Z& G2 Q+ p1 @Agricultural Strikes( G9 d# y( v( e/ [+ Y
99. Peasant strike
" \, y. ?. c6 ?# @7 d2 ~ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
% p q3 s0 z" h" N) |7 Q
" ?5 `% f# F& O6 k- SStrikes by Special Groups x( j) M0 ?! W3 R) K
101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 F5 q% c& I. H9 Y4 ~ 102. Prisoners’ strike
% J# i p$ e' q {9 p 103. Craft strike
/ o. h3 G( B0 [8 s6 v 104. Professional strike
0 Q M b) J# u: A0 R' T s
[* F! F& R* ?0 U3 @ w1 BOrdinary Industrial Strikes
- y( h" O6 m% ^9 }1 U3 y 105. Establishment strike
1 V4 c, s- ~5 p! t0 e K 106. Industry strike2 o" P; [ P @5 C" d' V" w
107. Sympathetic strike
, W4 O/ P; A' l# S' ?. i7 e7 v7 }) a5 f( u
Restricted Strikes
& S; R# N7 k/ j$ O: x 108. Detailed strike
/ Q6 X! k5 ~/ K6 ]7 j8 e1 h 109. Bumper strike
/ T6 B& ~3 b, N% |) U9 x 110. Slowdown strike, @2 ^% |+ k' a
111. Working-to-rule strike
1 b, y; O# L3 S% |! s: ]1 Q5 R: ~) { 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
|. ]( a. g" j& r# u# } 113. Strike by resignation
+ L, S( m, u1 E 114. Limited strike6 \* c; @$ M9 `8 s7 z* f9 M
115. Selective strike! ^$ x3 @4 a) |7 X0 D: t! O
( D" Z- u5 v- Y# H; q" G4 N9 O$ v' `Multi-Industry Strikes* y+ s! z8 B5 t3 U8 e0 u
" H9 Q% e9 I- l5 s$ t
116. Generalized strike
& a/ k7 Z- r" L9 B8 J y' C& Y# J) `; r( p
117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
# ~0 m4 \7 u& L" J& W
2 M: _$ [) q, Y; S8 X 118. Hartal; t5 [) `+ Z% I' g2 {' [% v" a
- C6 |! W/ _6 e2 A# B1 O
119. Economic shutdown+ z4 Z4 e$ Q9 E
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" G3 |: ^7 u! A, @( r6 O4 k# S0 c \
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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0 I3 i y. [' f# U
* r( V; @. r Y5 ^; m6 _Rejection of Authority0 c ~0 D8 q9 J8 k; [- z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. n! G. p& a9 i0 s$ t, f D 121. Refusal of public support: Y2 \! Q; e0 u) ^- X* s
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( G e8 B. Y0 t4 n# d1 R: ^
* A/ L4 B0 T p' B4 Y8 PCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government" M' o( e* Q- {! G/ Y: U1 ?, {
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& y# \& h; `3 l) @8 q. l1 C0 V% e
124. Boycott of elections" f3 |% O: F8 N8 ] K2 B
125. Boycott of government employment and positions; @! ^5 d- E1 w
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 T6 {* f! f& K" G, B! O2 ?0 H# k 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% s4 q, ^# P3 v' J 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 w) p/ @( k$ l& G! O& Q& I3 y 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! k8 K( o3 [+ p* b5 a7 N) G$ l4 v8 ~ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 C, o5 \. r/ K8 e, X; E$ x2 p 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 `% v/ d1 ?# M) F3 Y X6 K+ Q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# K$ o6 z0 q) B! `% p4 c. R
) D3 U7 n( V" l# I& JCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 b* {$ Z8 O) O- s2 _ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: g/ F' A' n* @- Q4 `2 e j 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
, U2 H3 y$ Z* N4 i 135. Popular nonobedience. Q3 ^$ P- U5 n) l. J- A" t
136. Disguised disobedience
6 \7 g3 ]% Z. V3 j# b 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( e2 S* U$ e S3 |% I( w 138. Sitdown5 c1 D) f2 V* N' d- B3 f
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: A# F S5 t! y' s6 B* O
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# @2 s+ a# ]5 a' O( Y/ L7 {& A 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 j0 M% U/ p# x3 `5 h$ t
3 R) l+ O( J w2 \4 A+ |Action by Government Personnel* ^$ P: X! i( o
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ x, g3 S+ m0 e+ Q8 X 143. Blocking of lines of command and information. ~% s. E& I+ d: F
144. Stalling and obstruction. \: _# i% O f e8 k9 K( ]
145. General administrative noncooperation0 K# o; R. w+ q! X6 D0 f
; e+ _# X! F9 u
146. Judicial noncooperation
6 q4 [+ m! e- ?2 v) w 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ a) k# _( J3 u9 f0 x
148. Mutiny2 `) q8 F& F3 M) q+ s
Domestic Governmental Action
# u1 d4 k) y$ @1 | 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( U2 a; {' o7 _+ ?; E2 p' K
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 F# d; k+ N9 P
k8 E$ F2 r& wInternational Governmental Action! ^5 H9 v" j$ v' k
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; h2 @9 \7 s7 ?& e( B' s 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( G g9 @ G& b& a/ f7 } 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 X: h. q( r8 N% `) E 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 Q" o! }8 D! r9 J 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- c/ s1 j3 _" G+ j. s" A/ b 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies `; k- P, `# d+ {, F: M
157. Expulsion from international organizations1 n. V0 u; @+ L' u' X
! e. O. Z9 x4 v% O- A
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0 K ^' ]/ Y1 zTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
9 x: d9 H4 |/ L# s* \" ^( x5 q
7 ~# q( W, S5 g7 h* B0 m: L' t
- m- W3 X, ~3 R) o& A3 IPsychological Intervention
# N) P7 Y0 i1 d$ H 158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 A1 C1 A. m4 h- A 159. The fast! k( @% E2 \4 m! z' ]$ L) ~
a) Fast of moral pressure
6 T5 B3 Q4 i* @( O3 p b) Hunger strike
4 w1 H" ^* ~! C# o% d6 o- d6 r c) Satyagrahic fast
: E- s" g" d' C' u# z% p 160. Reverse trial, r3 ]) Z- h; Q
161. Nonviolent harassment5 q1 l6 s2 l4 i3 M: F
1 t) I+ ^8 w+ M, a+ ?# j. e' p) L! O
Physical Intervention
! l x% _9 S- r/ t 162. Sit-in h `4 ^& G7 ~ S/ h2 T
163. Stand-in
4 B n5 a# {& y4 f 164. Ride-in( V0 d# o) `2 N0 z
165. Wade-in+ H# o o; n. n% y9 \; E7 [
166. Mill-in
$ x$ F7 g4 U5 J# }$ h% Y/ C* T1 `* ] 167. Pray-in0 X' V" B# G& `- Z% _8 z
168. Nonviolent raids
$ I% X0 s4 U9 b8 z) E8 \ 169. Nonviolent air raids9 x- N s2 V" b& N* w3 s
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 n: L. ^: N7 _; V1 {% ]: ^ 171. Nonviolent interjection2 V6 d* s, Y, m3 ?$ g4 H! B
172. Nonviolent obstruction
# e! [; @/ \$ E& t 173. Nonviolent occupation/ O/ v. Z% l7 j# b! ^
( t, G5 p1 I0 \' oSocial Intervention
, d- t6 I' U r, c! N! Z 174. Establishing new social patterns/ o9 V8 m# _/ {6 K9 d0 E1 U, Z
175. Overloading of facilities# {7 v6 S. `, c. V1 ~ M
176. Stall-in: S6 w) _1 _5 V
177. Speak-in
# Q9 h3 T* ~+ J6 D: {( k I- a 178. Guerrilla theater
. @, o& d. K9 s; A4 Z1 g 179. Alternative social institutions* \5 U6 l& ?7 Q6 M( `: w
180. Alternative communication system
* _' s" O7 M# u5 L9 i a2 e% |8 B$ M7 \# @
Economic Intervention6 f2 H1 g" g& _* d2 J& B
181. Reverse strike3 h8 v/ R; |1 F( O5 R+ t7 k
182. Stay-in strike" k4 n* J/ |( Z/ E1 a; v) F! T, f
183. Nonviolent land seizure
" _& r9 c' k$ `9 U 184. Defiance of blockades- R8 j9 R' H0 F7 Q( c* a! z
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 z8 d+ ^9 B) d- F% N V
186. Preclusive purchasing: o& G1 Y: V2 p" E1 T9 J
187. Seizure of assets5 A# q; ~ o7 D: t' `! P" Y
188. Dumping% H/ |8 x+ n! W5 |0 r
189. Selective patronage) c' g- N- r7 Z6 X8 o1 W3 e
190. Alternative markets
7 L0 d; d: M! N8 p; ~; i! } 191. Alternative transportation systems
w. [; m' ?9 L. @; c' B9 @ 192. Alternative economic institutions9 Z6 o9 o5 L7 Q/ w
{7 W5 K _) ^4 H) x6 `3 VPolitical Intervention
! j9 V, p, |% v! c0 ? 193. Overloading of administrative systems% k. ?" b' ]; z( o* V" a8 O4 ]
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, b2 q% d" H; {
195. Seeking imprisonment
; b0 o/ C% m" h 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 v/ J# _' ? i5 K9 S" S) G6 G9 k5 K 197. Work-on without collaboration( M( o p! r$ l) v
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
