 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 H0 [3 r0 N' @: W% d
Formal Statements5 i& R. V" j" H/ F
1. Public Speeches
5 A4 R, f) I, U9 \ 2. Letters of opposition or support
; O9 D" T# P5 a4 I; B7 e6 ? 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 u- Y* j) b, b3 R! u2 c8 a5 J
4. Signed public statements
G% m, k. ^7 ~' n# Q7 O0 C 5. Declarations of indictment and intention" g- {1 w$ ?7 F8 q ]5 ]1 v
6. Group or mass petitions# l7 T! `* X& L5 y3 t
" ^5 S! z8 L2 n3 L
Communications with a Wider Audience
6 f$ p; v4 d( a: f 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
0 m" u% [7 N2 i% e$ E 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications8 t" ]' ^/ m* O
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# _; D- a" D) P 10. Newspapers and journals
1 g( E0 _. [$ `: d0 Z 11. Records, radio, and television
1 }/ z# x2 G4 D- |& ~- v* t8 } 12. Skywriting and earthwriting. l, j* i( ]: P/ T/ b2 [2 u
8 j7 z" S! a0 m0 ~' h
Group Representations
$ z1 A% O- A+ o# s; p Y; R 13. Deputations
, {$ T5 U* m; R; x/ J 14. Mock awards: M7 L8 K5 a# a% q7 ]$ c% i2 a
15. Group lobbying
1 h2 T2 y' S; D- t 16. Picketing L+ e" a! Z# \& A; `& p
17. Mock elections
, T W/ O. i$ F( w
9 d' S' c& ~' cSymbolic Public Acts
: e( ^: s" X) n1 g3 {+ q4 O 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 ?/ E+ G# u# t: y; E9 [ 19. Wearing of symbols
3 M3 W v# a2 X5 t% {7 j 20. Prayer and worship
% K/ Z7 `. u9 d" l 21. Delivering symbolic objects, i' P1 M& ]8 y( q( x7 W* j
22. Protest disrobings
1 x+ R7 o- F/ f: ]4 v" Z+ H3 _ 23. Destruction of own property
- b$ U1 z8 K% B- o4 V$ q& A 24. Symbolic lights
8 M I7 E I6 C. B: x 25. Displays of portraits
- i# R: \" Z7 @7 _ 26. Paint as protest( }3 i4 B: o) T# K& Y3 M
27. New signs and names
- \/ W% p6 R1 t9 e0 G+ w3 J 28. Symbolic sounds
, P" Z# ]5 B( P2 Y9 I* a( k6 j 29. Symbolic reclamations+ N7 ]1 E/ h- j9 s* B
30. Rude gestures7 f- u# @, ]: J
$ O5 F8 R+ @6 e
Pressures on Individuals
0 i) w/ X$ [4 `; O ] 31. “Haunting” officials
5 A* _& t4 o1 r9 q& h; @9 T 32. Taunting officials9 G" Z6 [& \1 Y* r& r
33. Fraternization
0 s% G+ m1 {) {6 G: V# l 34. Vigils( x+ o% b; G& P: r: I9 z2 A
2 B" i" c1 l( q9 r2 ~, i6 V
Drama and Music% S! N1 c; K! {2 T0 }7 y
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ w! W' p4 Q5 V) A" y
36. Performances of plays and music
: y( n# i- ]: _ 37. Singing
% f# X- B8 U, k4 R E; r; C
( ?; n- o2 S9 F9 z, lProcessions
. Z6 v: L: p' R 38. Marches
6 w# B7 d. ~8 f0 @ 39. Parades
' v6 Z1 o: g6 t8 X: d* _ 40. Religious processions
8 r& w# W: Q- w3 N, x 41. Pilgrimages% [# h7 |3 d6 u
42. Motorcades; d" A' H J7 g1 R3 Q
& S9 ]* W3 N! k% ^Honoring the Dead
9 h. b! ~% `& A- @) V- y N 43. Political mourning; P4 p8 }: k2 i2 T$ ]$ h
44. Mock funerals
8 R& }1 d" V* d) q: w 45. Demonstrative funerals
* n& F! a) l3 w! _2 H d& f 46. Homage at burial places
9 \8 a/ J" y' K# [' b+ G1 L
# a' e z+ `4 |2 u i: yPublic Assemblies
0 x) R" @1 @- f; p& F; X 47. Assemblies of protest or support, M3 X0 }% X% E! R6 u7 F
48. Protest meetings
( w4 E6 O2 i' ]! N 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 `3 R7 a) w0 J+ @9 v 50. Teach-ins4 g" P$ h8 x# p1 y) K% S
9 F, M8 t: Q" V ^Withdrawal and Renunciation
% m/ k8 o( g+ G" F: y# x) C4 i 51. Walk-outs
; b* V8 ?3 G0 d- c. p$ B, P 52. Silence/ y3 i6 V! e# M
53. Renouncing honors/ h$ G) ?9 c4 r8 y+ F+ ^
54. Turning one’s back& A1 [2 H2 H) R7 m
5 c& b0 X/ g! {$ n( C! d
4 d4 \9 P1 _2 _1 G$ B1 R: p7 w6 f, t! ~. X+ P, g5 C$ F
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( R/ I0 h9 t7 s# O/ v/ A0 P5 z
5 d! W0 a+ N7 K; k0 B" X5 L* t z
2 V+ x( k6 f9 i$ R* [4 {9 C
- d3 @4 [' g0 A- r; V( L- yOstracism of Persons
6 s4 V5 C8 ]7 t& p: d& _( S, q 55. Social boycott
! Y$ \, B# k3 U* {- u, S/ M/ Q 56. Selective social boycott
1 [* v( z" a0 Q. v, n( V 57. Lysistratic nonaction
% H2 l8 M9 _7 b1 @0 e$ S) v0 V 58. Excommunication
8 _- c1 Z* X' h' B 59. Interdict9 Y! N7 u" ^ Q5 ^7 b m
4 C- F+ I- E6 {+ P3 n
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: y# i* b3 x7 }4 h% ]+ Q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" b/ S; Y" q4 g/ J* A" M- p 61. Boycott of social affairs
( M* M6 T6 K# J q/ s, ~" p+ A 62. Student strike1 ~6 Q! \) H! X+ s- k; a
63. Social disobedience
: e0 ^7 ^3 Q F7 f1 D 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 L- P0 _/ z# K! ]
% D! s1 X* K. U2 ^/ _) V x: D, c
Withdrawal from the Social System8 v* k; m2 m6 Z6 q
65. Stay-at-home1 Y/ v3 k& O0 ?* |7 X* a% K1 J
66. Total personal noncooperation
& O" l7 `4 T2 y* y$ _% M- [; g 67. “Flight” of workers
: n8 `3 C. L( t 68. Sanctuary& h: Q q! N8 p+ C, z+ ^
69. Collective disappearance
% A1 T! g- M# e% N( X& @ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
" V E( U. i3 p$ ]
6 J4 W) w- I1 @
5 V( w0 c: l2 Q& h6 |' p! o* s4 Q
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 ]/ F- g, a5 s3 a0 B4 D" M, f+ d+ @+ F; M, Q+ j1 x
' \2 Q. f( B, n# V' F2 f
Actions by Consumers
& p$ t. [# o) B; M* u$ j/ r/ W, R+ O 71. Consumers’ boycott
0 e) o/ {9 o3 A, W& \ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 C% x# e5 I: c1 [ ?1 h$ Y 73. Policy of austerity
& o; B& D3 C# X( t* v 74. Rent withholding/ C8 e6 R. Q P
75. Refusal to rent
! B/ N4 W: P4 N# |. d/ w 76. National consumers’ boycott
5 c) H( P1 {$ v! f6 J+ g3 H- A 77. International consumers’ boycott
9 I H" \- H! N; W. N; h2 `- Y0 c9 t# S! |/ r" f7 n8 i! G
Action by Workers and Producers
+ x7 {' ]5 _* b ]8 g 78. Workmen’s boycott
9 E& Y% w) c) k" E+ r9 z+ ] 79. Producers’ boycott! l/ T* ]" @1 f/ ]
" H' S( m7 U0 c. \5 [ q' Z
Action by Middlemen* e8 T; C; M; W2 d& d
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 H. u7 Y% ?9 J! J6 u, ]1 y; q( D* U/ ^& b$ w
Action by Owners and Management
4 u8 e9 ^) n, x% t9 D: S 81. Traders’ boycott" ]1 U" S% {. H0 w. Y2 ^
82. Refusal to let or sell property1 ^( n4 a* g/ f( X
83. Lockout/ M- T* ~3 Y! b% e4 S: h9 v+ S0 b
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! G. p8 ~. S' W0 o. | 85. Merchants’ “general strike”( O. B' a/ Q4 M" c6 ?( f0 E
8 i8 K3 J& t3 K0 S+ q9 E. L
Action by Holders of Financial Resources' u+ D, F8 t4 V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; }' Z/ u& z# y) x
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: e7 n1 F6 }4 p6 d
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 L- o6 W9 @7 T5 V* X# r; n3 R
89. Severance of funds and credit
- {/ I+ p( S1 d: ^! Y 90. Revenue refusal: A1 f( ?: L. b3 e+ M+ L
91. Refusal of a government’s money
) |% H' f3 u" G! R( \4 I" }2 X
& ]' m- Z/ S5 gAction by Governments
( A! C- b0 ~' y" q& E" Y* Z 92. Domestic embargo
8 u1 M* g6 i# } v* j N+ r 93. Blacklisting of traders
& ?! h7 @2 N q5 h( E 94. International sellers’ embargo
$ S: W% G0 r- u# r- C 95. International buyers’ embargo& P& L0 e4 `. o: v4 V3 S
96. International trade embargo6 F3 A- V% O4 L
9 d3 r) W7 h! L# [8 ^9 ] 1 m2 f+ T' o' V5 n: Q: U3 \
9 D( C( f# m5 K5 G% V& _2 ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& U1 g4 Z- d% t* K
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, }8 J5 _. s( R+ \# TSymbolic Strikes
- j' u7 [0 j& r5 d 97. Protest strike' c3 ]/ h7 ]$ }. c- \' x* D
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 Y, F# ~5 D3 J+ O) t; P8 W$ o0 }" q% M# o0 R& t
Agricultural Strikes( D! i) O8 H' m9 ^' ?+ S4 C
99. Peasant strike
) u- _5 F- f& z 100. Farm Workers’ strike- T$ ^+ U( Z; G
* ?9 @/ a8 r5 M2 l. Y2 |
Strikes by Special Groups
* V1 k6 j- N& F 101. Refusal of impressed labor6 C4 g- l9 k2 U8 C& @# _
102. Prisoners’ strike' n0 ^3 k4 W0 q8 [. i. U
103. Craft strike. T% C, V2 P& z' a% }% b: r* U
104. Professional strike3 n- p" k% b; r. ~
( Z5 G6 Y5 ^- h+ Z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes1 X! G" Z! q0 }9 Z# e
105. Establishment strike/ q% p0 c2 a* L
106. Industry strike' j% R2 l2 H P1 m) n, Q' L
107. Sympathetic strike
: U% x% D* Q- Y5 M8 Q5 @
- e- S$ C/ {* l1 w. l% IRestricted Strikes/ X6 ^/ q# Y2 ~8 H' U3 I- x% F
108. Detailed strike* P1 F! H$ ?: d! R
109. Bumper strike; U* {/ e9 b& ?, }
110. Slowdown strike* ]9 I: b' ~& v- _
111. Working-to-rule strike
. {8 P: i( N9 p, y% q: h 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 c4 R7 |+ ~! p! E: [ 113. Strike by resignation
6 n$ R$ U% S; G% q 114. Limited strike9 M" |6 w: Q% P3 L+ ~1 v& }
115. Selective strike" F; m, [9 v9 I5 d
4 W; w$ f J& {1 `) g: l/ jMulti-Industry Strikes
: l6 [! @9 o. U% e' R- M7 h" R) K( E* J1 P1 V* \0 m. J" t
116. Generalized strike
5 o7 G3 J! @7 C- R+ E) T) l r
* Q3 b# C! `+ H2 G 117. General strike7 I- X( }8 K7 B- t
" p8 Q8 c ~, t i0 l: u# ~2 i
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
) c: Y I K3 S$ A3 u; ?
# y% J: W# J- \$ y 118. Hartal
$ |( H g) S' J U3 v1 ^# ~
0 o6 X9 Y2 p, M) D( c' l 119. Economic shutdown
3 r: F9 m; k5 n6 \
- [- r0 U7 p; G# W" f
@! L4 I# R& J1 s+ c8 D
' K; u1 m. Z/ iTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# W- d- ^. M( N
( e7 [' Z( j# Z! V" r( @7 e3 I# X e- T$ x% d) ?( h
Rejection of Authority
N8 e8 d- c. C+ b* { 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) N$ H4 I+ b! U& w% E+ {# V8 V
121. Refusal of public support
! U( K" y) `& w& `; `1 Y 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
" ^. D) a4 K @7 O# P: G! U
' h+ ~/ T6 V* x3 J1 W. SCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 A' g0 L& |4 p! e9 ^
123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 r8 Y5 Z! f% o+ w
124. Boycott of elections
9 l8 n- a7 ~9 n. L9 O/ K1 M/ _ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions! r( p) g0 M+ O1 u# [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies2 B0 R! e# l6 L1 q7 w1 w: y
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 O; g! G6 Y3 I$ z' A! l 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) |6 n) q. q: D! l
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 p6 d: u( r3 @2 _, d* f) w* p! Q 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
/ }% ]" M% S" M! p0 t' l 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) E5 y8 `( E# r! V: M% C' f
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: `- g/ X+ [, G
4 ?# f* I7 N5 ^9 K7 ]$ e/ ?Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience. z6 O$ m9 ?% r1 A) }
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
+ c1 A( |) ~. f* k& d; o 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision* N0 m, i* W5 J, ~
135. Popular nonobedience6 Q+ s$ h) V* V! m7 H/ C7 a
136. Disguised disobedience
9 o P* ]( j7 R' t0 Y, J 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 |- N/ @$ t* n! \" H; I
138. Sitdown$ ?+ } X$ T6 Y4 T. _
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 R5 n2 T. P. J- r
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 w# Q* X& k; ~/ L2 m, Z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 O% B5 P# W) B9 L. f1 Q6 `" j/ S2 t$ l0 z
Action by Government Personnel
& x. I% r X, z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: |( N: C& R( D; d% Q1 E* k) T
143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 d7 J. h9 i' B# A, G% x K
144. Stalling and obstruction
/ v' v9 [5 {, _4 M" |- j! Y 145. General administrative noncooperation
5 F9 {& y! e0 Q
5 [8 W. ~* m1 ]' b8 S. b 146. Judicial noncooperation4 Q ~/ w9 e5 z% s W
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, e2 z; g) @- g) p C6 Y# ?3 a 148. Mutiny
" K% x0 u# ~, E: C: k: K& mDomestic Governmental Action
% w( L5 D* j& R% A5 N. H 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& L3 h* n% d$ _/ Q* s 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( A1 m6 {2 M( F s3 d7 x6 d- o* a# K3 h- M. A
International Governmental Action$ X8 s9 x! Z G' H) I
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" y3 ]. Y5 [0 T% J9 j3 B
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; C' ^( V1 t) b0 N4 s; \ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* K5 f, M- W; n/ F 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 B2 u+ D1 E ~5 J 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* ^9 M% W1 O/ k# J2 f 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
p9 `7 s7 [( ]7 p% ]1 F 157. Expulsion from international organizations9 b' {! b, i0 K# J) |5 G& T
0 m( k8 |2 ` s& g q- _& w ! F+ D1 \8 S+ G. r8 A
" |+ G% X( `1 RTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, [" W% Z7 U, `
1 l, b9 m! T# f- V3 e: p
8 q4 y& B4 ?' r/ a E" W& TPsychological Intervention0 B; x/ L/ Y2 A7 I. Z
158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 }( `2 a3 I+ w* O 159. The fast. n9 _1 p$ E; n9 s. F# w
a) Fast of moral pressure/ W+ D. `! G0 v1 |/ t0 ^
b) Hunger strike& @) n/ o' G( H3 u- W' q* X
c) Satyagrahic fast$ d( O3 Q: W; e/ M& r' }
160. Reverse trial
. {3 ?& u+ K% [4 Q 161. Nonviolent harassment: R3 G9 u. y0 k H' S4 a
) v. k9 o x; X/ k2 \" ePhysical Intervention& v7 q. C# u B4 @4 `* l3 B
162. Sit-in0 h, k0 q/ O: A/ S
163. Stand-in6 E- S+ {0 K, l; E" V
164. Ride-in
$ l" k! M; e! q! n( k 165. Wade-in
# w# i3 O$ o6 J3 N# g& `7 k8 o+ v, c 166. Mill-in
( G4 E/ E0 h( @; N6 \& h& f! H9 t 167. Pray-in* i1 ~9 W5 M4 ^3 D* o0 A
168. Nonviolent raids
+ d5 s' g7 I# v, b& i7 d8 R4 C 169. Nonviolent air raids7 {; a8 T! M9 ^7 @) {2 K
170. Nonviolent invasion
* n. o1 `% M) y 171. Nonviolent interjection
' Y3 O% R+ E' \0 p3 y6 l5 \* D 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 L( e q7 o% C6 j! E0 g8 l4 G) H
173. Nonviolent occupation
) l" h1 @, _8 L* z, w) s
7 V8 G6 C/ U) i5 y8 {- B, OSocial Intervention
7 z3 U! [4 o. j( @& X' `3 \- t 174. Establishing new social patterns
- }9 J3 X" ?# G9 o4 g) ] 175. Overloading of facilities+ A, r1 Z y- k1 D( F
176. Stall-in g. M$ g* u# U" e3 a
177. Speak-in
1 n5 `: F" I- z 178. Guerrilla theater" }; P% [9 O( T0 K, x. u8 `
179. Alternative social institutions K& {' Q+ N. K. ?8 v. ^
180. Alternative communication system+ g3 a: ?& k( B( B
2 [9 _" ]" i1 {7 p. J
Economic Intervention
6 o5 L- p: B! s/ P0 g0 Z u 181. Reverse strike
9 U" D7 \' X% ~/ Q 182. Stay-in strike
" p! O% q f. o' w! m8 M 183. Nonviolent land seizure
! E* r, n" J4 [, G( S( [ 184. Defiance of blockades
- w* u1 E8 ?$ { 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
. t* W' I3 K) E2 {8 P4 W0 G$ A 186. Preclusive purchasing, P% ~& x p) |2 e M2 \- b
187. Seizure of assets
9 F, g8 c/ N0 b. R9 j, _0 O2 m 188. Dumping
+ V9 d/ T( w. {1 h& a 189. Selective patronage
# I* `+ [6 [" t: G6 p. a8 I 190. Alternative markets
5 I) Z# {: E3 a3 K 191. Alternative transportation systems
) L% m6 c1 o8 Q6 T- @# O 192. Alternative economic institutions/ J% n a" A- {+ ^0 b) c8 m8 A
0 e- I7 D# Z$ a) u5 u6 R
Political Intervention
8 l% @- v) \' N: X 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) b* j2 f4 J0 X0 S; y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, ^# C: l4 L- \# ^ a8 X A2 @
195. Seeking imprisonment1 i3 W& F) m3 v, G" N/ o& b) J
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* c6 K; n& G) ]) l0 u
197. Work-on without collaboration7 [0 T: S7 P+ E1 o+ K
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
