 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# H/ a5 A. _ A: G. S6 a7 l# O1 j
Formal Statements
) K8 y( Q7 X I( \' s 1. Public Speeches% k$ s: ?/ J# u) {% g
2. Letters of opposition or support
) v# X2 f. C0 u# Z+ m9 u 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. ]. e V- n1 p! u9 m 4. Signed public statements
- L3 b5 w+ r7 P8 X 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& l! o! G. F/ |. g1 P% D% P! j$ F 6. Group or mass petitions
, @) J9 V- c9 t1 F9 V$ f {3 a8 _! i3 _; x" a! ?+ `
Communications with a Wider Audience9 K: @. |( [$ m6 b7 O& X
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ n/ D" T$ |8 u5 ~# i7 o4 f$ v! | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; |8 b' }7 {# F e7 _. r8 u! J 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books/ z6 m- v5 ]' h' B9 p/ d) K7 C5 `
10. Newspapers and journals: X2 K) p' [! a9 V8 x
11. Records, radio, and television
, X p; T6 O6 ^1 a8 s+ ^ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( f! K; s' x3 h% h* Q8 p5 n' e4 M) l8 ~+ z: j. g2 `7 {
Group Representations
- U# [9 G$ r3 S! m, H 13. Deputations' x) s# |! U4 R' E6 E
14. Mock awards: j) l/ y7 t/ m& T0 g
15. Group lobbying' S. G; g$ I2 l$ g* J
16. Picketing
# a6 }+ H: Q8 P 17. Mock elections
/ o1 P2 n. [6 v# x) ~7 p( j! t
8 e% e9 s' I, hSymbolic Public Acts
8 d& N% [, h& s) U, D: ]$ y. ~ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% y9 B7 x$ U9 K2 Y$ F
19. Wearing of symbols4 P9 `2 q+ M2 M: k- E$ D2 _
20. Prayer and worship
( g' v. X! \& H9 h7 v 21. Delivering symbolic objects
! m8 b# R. j' ?) w 22. Protest disrobings
) C! p& Q' k$ M5 L 23. Destruction of own property
* W2 U9 y9 H8 S3 r' s f5 L 24. Symbolic lights
, j3 O5 Q/ m/ w8 x- n 25. Displays of portraits0 y, M, b& p) h a+ g! v* x5 |
26. Paint as protest
4 t9 Z9 `" H- A3 q 27. New signs and names1 o" ]) k4 R& @/ V N, d
28. Symbolic sounds% a/ J; Q# Z& ^! ?6 i8 ]
29. Symbolic reclamations( C# S/ Q, J, d$ ^5 T6 {$ a
30. Rude gestures
# i: O8 b7 G( D1 [
8 H2 k$ N' h1 ?' J, FPressures on Individuals0 v" d/ d+ Y$ c( L! x6 S, k
31. “Haunting” officials
" w% d8 M0 c# ]) c% A 32. Taunting officials1 Q" j+ {' N1 v/ x
33. Fraternization5 ~+ i' Z# K6 G- { O
34. Vigils
p& N# ~7 {' |
% @1 x7 I# y* wDrama and Music
/ q1 t; O: i5 c+ o/ R8 [ 35. Humorous skits and pranks# R" D8 P" ~. h9 D. m% F0 a
36. Performances of plays and music
+ t9 N( I% l# t 37. Singing8 p9 ~- ] [/ K' S% D
# t/ j; k, a$ b4 W0 z N! u
Processions$ }2 Q W7 I$ Z5 ]: d
38. Marches
1 Z$ u1 i. D; Z: L9 p) ` 39. Parades! f" d# o7 O/ o% z* s
40. Religious processions
' ^) `! _7 c8 b m4 H4 W 41. Pilgrimages
- k9 w R! C1 X, ]1 ?( S; T! R 42. Motorcades% X+ P! o9 d/ B% k% m
! W! K( ^3 x* U, a d2 J; }. D' Y3 ZHonoring the Dead# m$ @1 N; ]8 {& Z" c, q7 h
43. Political mourning
5 T/ K( U# z& {3 C3 j! j6 L 44. Mock funerals
1 ?9 |2 E' I% \/ ^0 Y 45. Demonstrative funerals* B: j* Q- ]$ X0 o1 h% p9 m1 }
46. Homage at burial places
( L) b, X4 M' b5 c! l) q8 L, b) d6 u( N' o% ^
Public Assemblies
7 t7 O, ~" P) C- F4 d 47. Assemblies of protest or support7 v2 N) d8 i* I) K* X, `" k) S
48. Protest meetings5 j* F- ]. C( y! l8 f \7 K
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
* _' i. ^9 G' T 50. Teach-ins
8 v2 |' k5 t& X( K5 e+ a$ Q
1 _+ U* F- W0 j7 v' VWithdrawal and Renunciation. P0 i/ ?% m" t7 ^3 C! v
51. Walk-outs" w. g( g& s5 k6 r
52. Silence& [" M( g0 I* @* n
53. Renouncing honors
" d+ j9 I9 E0 G8 S# X 54. Turning one’s back
3 [ u H7 T" p! l
! b" q' ^- I) f8 [3 B" { 3 n+ z1 ^# I. \2 {: Z# ?, \
0 d; L$ W3 N [/ K9 V- Z9 {THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
; S% M! R2 o; Y! Y+ _
2 k2 Q" z# n) i ! \' m, V; l1 y: |3 p* r
, U; d, z. C: l- s. { bOstracism of Persons
* s6 q1 b" P1 |8 I- o 55. Social boycott
4 g _& Z' c; m3 f5 T! W/ {+ `/ D 56. Selective social boycott
% n7 c) g& r: u \$ _ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 Q2 ~' k- ?4 }+ D 58. Excommunication
7 g& s( ~! s! u& R1 z6 n: J 59. Interdict6 K) q$ U9 }5 z. F2 c: m
/ g: @* Q' x' x G' H
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) |' D n7 N6 Q1 u
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. _8 B1 }; d. ]6 Z9 J 61. Boycott of social affairs) ^( m b) ]; U/ @9 a* A$ i
62. Student strike
. M, m' N" I$ v, Z, J5 N 63. Social disobedience' i- {! C+ V3 Z: ?# s5 T" D
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) k2 t' y3 Z- V3 m
I3 z, f) ^& c5 y- V4 j, Y
Withdrawal from the Social System( i( P3 f* n' X2 V
65. Stay-at-home
2 G( V0 P0 G9 ^" I% Q 66. Total personal noncooperation' E' \ y! `6 l9 Y- H/ N+ V4 F C# B
67. “Flight” of workers/ L* M d% X) d
68. Sanctuary% i/ M6 ?% I/ }% {* y* i
69. Collective disappearance2 [; h( \* t+ B5 U7 j- a% S
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
6 `& \* ?$ {* X" ~% a: b1 I& @# y+ @' X
% T) i* V- B# G* g: l' ?
5 w# `* V; ]7 U1 d. ]" [1 Q8 m
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 U! B1 P5 K: n8 g4 O
( |3 t: w, P" w% M: i/ B: Q
" R; r& C9 X/ \+ \0 ^6 aActions by Consumers- g1 M9 g: n& l
71. Consumers’ boycott
% c. J! S' V6 Q7 f 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" F: p# Y1 \" w
73. Policy of austerity9 S' v. [9 D) G& |# g7 D. v2 S, ]& ?
74. Rent withholding- j: v; c- ?# A( H# C7 X1 k
75. Refusal to rent: h8 N1 S- M2 s+ E
76. National consumers’ boycott
$ a; w" p" Q( M+ f4 c0 a 77. International consumers’ boycott# a" Y* `* O& d2 {
7 B- B k4 a w: D( v
Action by Workers and Producers y& t9 A: Y! i m0 C( A
78. Workmen’s boycott
# m4 j! F2 w& t: E5 h. i$ V' B 79. Producers’ boycott3 d( t# d4 P+ V# E6 V# x8 M
" X* t% v o) A- Q7 W( JAction by Middlemen
, r: l+ a1 |, Y- g9 K 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
; c( T4 `* g' J' a2 }! z- p
|/ O4 y1 H, B9 L8 @Action by Owners and Management
: m J6 S* M% b 81. Traders’ boycott
% P: q* q+ x: F) B( F 82. Refusal to let or sell property
* U+ `$ G8 x3 G2 {/ Z 83. Lockout0 L _ v9 e0 K- M& l3 x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; o" O" ?3 d% L& k9 T7 `$ D 85. Merchants’ “general strike”: I t- D4 H! n3 z& ~
2 c, b8 Q+ z, k) A
Action by Holders of Financial Resources" I7 m0 Q, {+ ^ p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 H4 R) b! h: A5 P! E
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 ~$ L+ m: C* \/ A6 i- d
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 W, y4 K+ b8 O/ i/ ]
89. Severance of funds and credit
7 l& f* y% ]+ K' o 90. Revenue refusal
/ |6 a! D9 k0 X% M( e/ _ 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 K% ~' c0 @/ B) T0 E6 k
: b& E7 r0 H( d# h* L) w8 c8 ~& iAction by Governments
% z- b3 E9 z! x+ W8 j 92. Domestic embargo
# F" y9 ^* D8 E0 C8 u 93. Blacklisting of traders) W, \2 ]% }/ M/ J" X/ A% Y; J* u" ]/ K
94. International sellers’ embargo
+ a* S) L. u3 s3 l2 b 95. International buyers’ embargo! B+ E6 Y8 J! h$ J' Q
96. International trade embargo( F5 L! f" \8 P+ P/ f- `! q
7 d: J7 z) e" O0 w1 b, I0 X9 |
/ G9 S- o! s0 I* \# X4 w
6 B: C& T/ L2 _/ GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' A; K6 Z" S9 }# m" a
) O% z; |! m- }6 n# C$ _+ `9 [
* W' q9 ?" }8 ASymbolic Strikes' {- `/ t( [! C# c1 p. m
97. Protest strike
) J6 z7 V' B7 r. C& b5 | 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. d1 B$ p* n* y# c1 m$ d- c9 W* `; I J& \
Agricultural Strikes( d8 ]4 G2 w. k( g9 @" u6 B$ N* T
99. Peasant strike
- h' }( N- F6 V9 p. l; p 100. Farm Workers’ strike" T$ x! f: F4 U' r" [
* U" ~6 }$ f# ]6 \ @' NStrikes by Special Groups
7 M3 E6 I* o+ c; A( U 101. Refusal of impressed labor H& B* d$ _% E9 s
102. Prisoners’ strike, A/ y- @- p S& N
103. Craft strike
* a7 n3 S- R' i) R2 ]1 n+ q: n 104. Professional strike
4 r3 y* v b* m9 l f) o
% U7 e6 S/ }3 j9 J Y4 z: [9 QOrdinary Industrial Strikes* n7 m& a; G" q8 y7 I
105. Establishment strike
1 J6 x& I6 L- W! F 106. Industry strike
' I+ a& s! u" A" I( S6 B) m 107. Sympathetic strike
6 P, r: g4 K$ ?* X- o+ R) R* N! Q W( f# h2 C y' \) b
Restricted Strikes
2 |7 ^+ r4 J& J9 G 108. Detailed strike
6 r; X' A. T7 `: e$ @+ q, Y 109. Bumper strike
2 z% @. f8 m' q2 z5 o5 D' k 110. Slowdown strike$ f& W6 w" {! z* N5 M% k2 F% C: R2 q
111. Working-to-rule strike
A: U. R3 v) Y' ~* M2 ?1 A 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 ^. ^' N: R: m% z$ d5 V% u: v
113. Strike by resignation& j3 s3 O' c" _" s# o/ v+ m0 k
114. Limited strike* E, Y% u$ e* ?' C! g" }* A
115. Selective strike2 p( x/ e" L$ a" [
# @5 G, S" N" H+ g: }Multi-Industry Strikes
% |+ A7 Q L S$ X4 [0 V+ p: j. K# d/ c! s
116. Generalized strike* l6 H8 I4 |; P/ D. M
* x: Y# w4 d1 a7 \) X9 u0 A 117. General strike
9 t+ K6 c% y; R v4 b( v& m7 p2 X+ J
1 x: f' c. R- R! |2 t% ~" PCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 S( M$ f8 E. d! I9 X0 K+ g
. `3 ]' W0 ?$ _3 a 118. Hartal% A# k1 m: \1 M# d. e
' B" d. Y1 d: Q& }+ w5 l- p8 I9 m
119. Economic shutdown
5 y; V0 S* _ d' J7 @: J$ C6 r6 J% H& `9 U" x7 J
) a6 ]& R J) b' p3 e8 y6 S/ F+ k/ i! s; |1 [
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 ^4 P9 W) d0 b$ @4 `- y1 k
5 z& q ^% Q: X5 s, V' x
/ O. X$ k" d: K4 k7 Z6 U. w- ]: fRejection of Authority9 ] R2 }: M4 g6 T, `; R
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 y# f0 a- N1 g; r* x' S8 k
121. Refusal of public support
% N: X X. [. @: W1 b0 _1 p( q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' g" V; v/ U; ?6 K" e' ]
# e! r" R7 A, o& {( e# h1 v9 zCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& m. f; ], |3 L0 C: F 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
8 R8 F6 o( b$ L: I 124. Boycott of elections
1 K& {( l4 ^$ G2 i: r% a7 I: J 125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 i0 o" ~5 w1 m
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ S0 G% k4 ?9 {6 P 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ d9 {: ?. W" \( U7 A
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
( b6 ^4 f8 O" W4 f4 b 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ S0 r: s& l- ~5 ?
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- e) {) S6 Z: q: r& g 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 F) A( z6 H2 u; ]' ^ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ d( I/ ?& g3 w- c
0 Y0 z( f' E8 E1 k, b
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 j& x3 Q: R. p y8 A 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 D1 _: s+ Y* ?( J/ d/ |( R+ X 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 }9 a$ k1 g1 a2 y) v4 A 135. Popular nonobedience
/ F2 `% w1 M* h7 [* C# F 136. Disguised disobedience& l( H# L5 N) G2 h% h! Y
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' f# Q3 c1 e6 n, R7 P$ r 138. Sitdown
( H) R a* p; M 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 T/ `; T/ F6 ~1 c% L; n/ t 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 d4 L" v/ O! P
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 P$ N7 `; Q; E# [7 [( N4 G" y/ q/ Q- G. {: {! ?
Action by Government Personnel+ t, ]9 Q- B7 ~1 ]( y( O
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides" }: u' n' i _* s( \" @7 [
143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 z# O" X* n1 L2 Y' M8 u) [; C7 V
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 L" \5 d" k- W7 c6 l0 V 145. General administrative noncooperation1 K' ^& J1 ^: c% ~1 h2 {
) {8 x; |9 G% [ z& l: g& V% f
146. Judicial noncooperation% o6 d8 P& E. B. f8 C' W
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 _8 c. J* G2 l5 Z 148. Mutiny
! X4 w% b3 [# {3 w: a0 gDomestic Governmental Action4 L1 u4 ~6 Z# Y L
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 {' ? {# H* n6 V7 R 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units, N8 ?% I; {+ g5 Y4 Q0 i9 v/ O8 {1 @
% C( M% W) T) N0 MInternational Governmental Action
% o% o# t! s9 V& q) D- w5 q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
4 ]0 f; T% g- J6 J4 y6 s9 N2 m0 m 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
: A# p6 w% D2 ]5 J 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition# y$ H+ B1 R1 f& g0 m
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& u5 F+ m5 [6 _% @3 B4 I8 X. Q6 w 155. Withdrawal from international organizations' W: a7 |2 B1 U- m$ }$ J" q8 S
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* @% H5 c* K% D 157. Expulsion from international organizations
) z6 A4 h0 o) Y
2 k0 t* b' v6 l( p1 X/ z/ `& v3 @
- o8 j2 A/ q& t5 ?6 b+ s* Y$ X, s8 i$ g: H. `: T1 \
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
2 z- Z5 w) [: |. f" h E
* W/ [# {) i2 w# Y+ O. c
& h/ j, Y, C/ R0 c. j" v) f6 ]Psychological Intervention- m) S6 {# d) g- I
158. Self-exposure to the elements
, o: ?' ~0 u& ?4 Z5 [. i$ K 159. The fast' q4 P5 _' w8 P4 B
a) Fast of moral pressure
: `( e, l6 j6 ~' I2 E( l b) Hunger strike
3 O; c" q/ h# T5 S c) Satyagrahic fast |; H3 J* Y' ?1 _/ Z. ]
160. Reverse trial
, J/ [4 d* I/ t$ ?& g0 ?* G 161. Nonviolent harassment3 H, S* A5 [# |( F$ `
4 D8 A8 D! M1 f
Physical Intervention2 k0 q y# A- k" e4 j4 `
162. Sit-in6 D& L% ^6 k: L
163. Stand-in
2 P9 g. m* F! {0 Z! I; C1 K 164. Ride-in
3 _& P; o6 w' Z6 i2 m A$ C 165. Wade-in
3 l# d# O: r% V+ z8 f, @ 166. Mill-in( W6 @' K! h- j7 c, X# @0 H" ~
167. Pray-in
4 D7 E' d) p$ L 168. Nonviolent raids
0 u$ x% T, `) b* Z; g6 x# N 169. Nonviolent air raids4 a) y- f6 t# c! V
170. Nonviolent invasion
2 w2 A3 q; H! q& ~" C 171. Nonviolent interjection' L1 F# ]1 k C* B" }% D3 v8 T
172. Nonviolent obstruction
' D$ |, i2 B6 T" O1 C! ? 173. Nonviolent occupation
( N* \# U! O; }
7 x* B8 l9 ]- i# x( y. wSocial Intervention! b$ Y3 {$ L6 {: f1 C# n
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 `% `$ ?% i0 l8 }8 {, }) f 175. Overloading of facilities; B" _& M% A* w+ y: N
176. Stall-in! J8 J; M2 d' k/ d" b1 O6 G
177. Speak-in( j/ a7 C% ^5 y
178. Guerrilla theater
% |3 x1 [+ d, f5 V7 N 179. Alternative social institutions6 ~1 d7 v* k% f+ X- A
180. Alternative communication system
$ B0 H$ r4 z8 j- T& g1 ^$ {6 @: [
! y3 P0 K' Z5 HEconomic Intervention
1 V. W4 X1 ]5 s- l" g 181. Reverse strike2 s- ?7 H' ` E- U. H: A/ b; B& A
182. Stay-in strike
. t4 w- c9 |/ x; T 183. Nonviolent land seizure& f: h) ?. L. B/ A
184. Defiance of blockades7 k* i# Y; \0 I8 P5 C
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting4 W/ z0 p' a6 T7 C+ R5 o% v2 q
186. Preclusive purchasing) b ^ u* H$ q3 q8 G/ j
187. Seizure of assets7 ~% b1 Q6 }1 V$ L) z& }
188. Dumping( }5 l0 n; q7 h4 \* `7 ^5 {
189. Selective patronage
/ w) u" V z8 t! H7 k 190. Alternative markets% S+ M; R. Q4 p8 C! O
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 e6 Y+ @5 i; S ~: y/ `& ? 192. Alternative economic institutions
/ g; h1 v* B3 h ~ b p
6 N7 k0 Y: F; s' e+ HPolitical Intervention
\# x: V/ G( e2 P, O; ?3 @' X1 I( { 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) y v7 F/ U, a8 p5 T9 x 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
/ K5 d- c' K ?3 _* k 195. Seeking imprisonment
# H! w/ ?( b$ E' V8 M 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% B, {! |5 @' N- A R
197. Work-on without collaboration
; n- h% K1 m L 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ p+ O% [- G( G( I: I& W3 i7 o* `
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
