 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( @% m. Z# F6 s/ Z1 R
Formal Statements* N0 C2 B9 _, O$ j. A
1. Public Speeches- b6 W9 q, j1 u% v
2. Letters of opposition or support
' }8 ?' W! x. ` I* o2 ^0 ` 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! g' k* U% _; P( [5 `6 m 4. Signed public statements
" p% `) U) }( s/ _; m 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 c6 T% E# Q5 H9 m# w5 s# y 6. Group or mass petitions
. @! c4 T0 n3 u0 ?2 {1 f" l1 S4 X/ ^4 `/ I
Communications with a Wider Audience8 [6 I1 P" l; x3 h7 w
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols8 k- Q1 J2 i" k; F- O3 T
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; o/ L$ c- _; P6 Z( Y7 C1 s( k: r 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" X8 R. W/ y" y: t! b; b% u m 10. Newspapers and journals6 E/ w$ Z, _6 |5 x2 F
11. Records, radio, and television
5 u3 T i; k+ x 12. Skywriting and earthwriting1 D" {; }) ^3 d/ p' {
8 ` u6 X, D" q7 c1 B- Z# dGroup Representations
4 e8 R1 b) J" {/ r8 L0 G+ y% w 13. Deputations
* p, y3 E! K! h# i$ x 14. Mock awards
" i1 f: |! J! f6 ?, T7 S 15. Group lobbying
& l( K& s/ v% t2 S" r8 f 16. Picketing, q" G- h8 l$ s" ]- {: @1 w z; p
17. Mock elections
7 Z+ O, T- x+ @* Y
- _/ g w2 a" n# t( n) ESymbolic Public Acts% Z& j! k) A- f4 E
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( n$ A# e7 D7 ^) V8 M) p 19. Wearing of symbols
, x- T# M$ d w3 V C1 v 20. Prayer and worship0 } d8 P/ I3 C3 E! f" ~
21. Delivering symbolic objects0 j6 R. K$ K E1 z4 a/ \; X$ | C: \0 D
22. Protest disrobings
+ H* b/ t- Y: v& [' t" Z, {9 Q8 n 23. Destruction of own property4 d! U+ Z' Y, j& e( g4 c
24. Symbolic lights
# D% @5 n8 K2 ~/ F 25. Displays of portraits# d, W3 A8 F$ Q4 ]6 R( c
26. Paint as protest
2 ~' j B$ |, F 27. New signs and names
7 O" }8 j" }4 Z2 H' a, t# C& ? 28. Symbolic sounds T7 m/ J8 m1 s8 _& f( X
29. Symbolic reclamations
D7 a7 r- ?% {" y( I; h, D 30. Rude gestures
" ~9 e- h( O: |, K2 D) G5 d1 z, x; ^! i: y" l+ o; s* R9 t
Pressures on Individuals- l# J4 x* ~+ L+ ]
31. “Haunting” officials6 C" @7 o6 n4 @
32. Taunting officials
1 X H: z% Y6 C- N) ]7 B 33. Fraternization8 h* L6 x# b% X
34. Vigils) U- h9 G# S) c2 P' h8 ?) O
- }( r/ R; t( v8 @
Drama and Music
% P7 e- s' ?+ c/ r( U) Z! n* i 35. Humorous skits and pranks7 I! R, m2 m: ]
36. Performances of plays and music) i0 H* B" B- T' s
37. Singing
) p) o9 Q; Y }% k/ ^& V; G% C; S& Y( i- _# i! a1 k
Processions
0 x. o8 A' j2 e5 y% L, g 38. Marches
9 r. G0 J5 z* Z8 c6 S8 F& K 39. Parades7 j6 o3 h) H2 C/ P9 O" V0 e5 ?# [
40. Religious processions
# e7 {; I3 L5 N3 b+ A 41. Pilgrimages- E6 J. M# _% J$ m# _& b0 o F
42. Motorcades9 j! {7 a8 m; n, f
- ]9 Y& i+ ]5 Q3 A' BHonoring the Dead8 W0 m ^* f! B2 T+ a: S
43. Political mourning
`* `& ?- ~4 H6 ] 44. Mock funerals9 ~/ b% ?" x) y& K# n- N
45. Demonstrative funerals0 l0 j: ~ G- X! H4 T% W: f: e0 C% p
46. Homage at burial places
0 a% w: P- v& J6 @) O
5 P8 i) w: s8 p7 r9 Z: b* ~Public Assemblies
& A% V- |+ j6 F- b7 _ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* {$ p" X. }7 }3 g- ^/ g! [4 `7 @ 48. Protest meetings8 c: l( a( n3 C- u( ]% `2 s
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ p- Y5 p, h% W8 v+ u 50. Teach-ins. P; ?4 r# f) l) a) M* b; f
8 l0 B# j, K) t) }* d" _5 R4 a8 PWithdrawal and Renunciation4 A9 F4 S& J& s8 G; d) F
51. Walk-outs P, d$ d% o! m }, o9 y( Y
52. Silence
" m, o. V9 P; ~& J b 53. Renouncing honors; `+ R% W. t0 ^( c. k
54. Turning one’s back
2 e; u+ e0 v( e( v
# l* J; V0 ]- A Y, t% z * ^) p3 O! [# d7 p
( y s5 J" ?7 {, I
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# ]! e/ b9 c% w! S2 l
# C" f, m* B# Q5 ?4 ]5 h m
$ `. Y% Y. e3 ^# y6 j6 `
# Z4 L0 X6 f& P8 Y( lOstracism of Persons
% \& T& O, y1 {; z2 b: X 55. Social boycott
" l0 \2 O9 ~# F; } 56. Selective social boycott
' s+ G r- L. a" l+ w c 57. Lysistratic nonaction" v4 l% M& L- c( y4 g' r- D2 ~
58. Excommunication1 k# l6 W1 ?' \, d# n- E
59. Interdict* | z* f: l6 \" C( H L: L' F
9 A' g* {( M9 e0 N: F
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- v& j3 Q: i# {6 I6 }9 Q& b/ p
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
8 Z& R$ {; g6 T x1 \, v 61. Boycott of social affairs
7 e2 Y/ s, ]$ d+ G" f$ Y 62. Student strike
m5 Q# N( C; F 63. Social disobedience8 w3 A9 x- A" u
64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 ?* b( O r/ I- v
6 H* R3 t! l% Q! b$ L% G7 d+ B( b
Withdrawal from the Social System
! L; w# n- Z! U! x1 x 65. Stay-at-home$ o% S0 a* R3 @) x" S; F
66. Total personal noncooperation
& l0 I* |+ s* d 67. “Flight” of workers. \! [9 p; y+ n4 U* v( P
68. Sanctuary, c. Y8 ?4 c( t5 [0 D
69. Collective disappearance+ P4 A6 A7 Q3 O* \0 t* [4 m
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 z% B3 ^- s- R3 [1 y) b( B
; s$ ^6 B% V/ g: z- z ) F. w1 N, L5 G' @( j" n
' B$ f" s3 `8 g# g
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 V$ y3 X5 F* R
$ w2 k( q% ]/ S+ z. y2 V ! F4 [9 `) S$ Q$ l9 m
Actions by Consumers# j$ x8 p/ x! |& [# r/ Z v
71. Consumers’ boycott6 t% N# J+ U- N" A) H% R/ l
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
& K8 Z: B/ `. r9 I6 [ 73. Policy of austerity; [. T4 M4 u: G
74. Rent withholding
& S+ |: k( o4 d5 E1 \ 75. Refusal to rent
$ }$ n" y! V1 s" G% U5 R 76. National consumers’ boycott
# N: b) U- g% q) E) l 77. International consumers’ boycott- ?% R( y. L" R) S3 d
, Q7 s6 x$ C* ^# a; N
Action by Workers and Producers
! A7 n5 |0 {. }1 n1 }. ~+ b4 { 78. Workmen’s boycott
3 ]! i' G, H$ `; e+ X/ A* E 79. Producers’ boycott9 L* A7 @' h( R5 ?
! R' @& A+ J9 oAction by Middlemen
7 s7 u9 G# Q. d4 | N, Q8 \0 h, d: M 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 S# Q( X* Z& g, W4 K3 @9 B" u7 ~9 H& @3 Q9 w
Action by Owners and Management
2 n+ z$ Y* k5 P0 \ 81. Traders’ boycott+ v- y4 \3 L7 t1 d4 x8 w
82. Refusal to let or sell property! @4 U7 a0 G- [6 o; G( Q% R
83. Lockout
; u. v; h9 L' ] E6 E 84. Refusal of industrial assistance8 ], B/ @+ r- `. V
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
N7 f$ y9 E/ Z, Q* d4 h3 L7 {0 y9 R- P! @
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" O( c6 `) c2 e3 t 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ N3 b, d/ j1 g' X* e7 F" w
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 W/ n" H) k; H" C- t1 Y
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ l3 p% n% a. L/ M. L, f* F
89. Severance of funds and credit
) h# ]. `( n$ }* W 90. Revenue refusal
* f8 B# g/ G h! h 91. Refusal of a government’s money; X e, P/ r% a
, |# V8 [ ]. e" n. ~; z. r
Action by Governments& U1 r- \* O# @. @3 [
92. Domestic embargo
k" C6 L) U" `1 O4 Y 93. Blacklisting of traders
" v7 U( N& r- g: ]8 g; X 94. International sellers’ embargo
! S9 k+ `9 I; p; n4 @" C' e2 H 95. International buyers’ embargo0 Q. x+ e) y e/ ]8 v/ e2 F8 H) {3 [
96. International trade embargo5 |, P) b* \7 K
% o/ |9 I* {5 y! g$ t: w5 a: }
. j0 ^# ~2 f1 X1 Y8 M1 l5 {
' R0 g; [6 t; z1 ?# {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& c+ S7 \. A1 K5 p; i+ N" M
" P/ G+ C, {5 |4 ~2 P5 M$ a
. P! k& a3 d, X" k: ~/ W# `Symbolic Strikes
A8 E, M3 v0 I+ O 97. Protest strike5 A' B' s3 Y d" a% V
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( V3 J4 b7 v, L+ @* o
* m, b7 E+ R' e0 _Agricultural Strikes$ f: }5 E9 G8 J8 \9 y
99. Peasant strike& O4 `4 y6 R8 G2 ?9 b0 d
100. Farm Workers’ strike! C! U: s/ k# Z$ v, e7 j8 i- A
& x5 H& d- W8 p7 q
Strikes by Special Groups
8 y5 n P" @, x( I( q1 n 101. Refusal of impressed labor
* o# I7 ], j" o 102. Prisoners’ strike
% J, w3 a; q9 z! | 103. Craft strike
8 i2 l! X6 ^0 s! y8 ` 104. Professional strike9 ?! U2 \3 ]# B8 Q+ g
4 e. Q' h+ k7 u( G: k9 n
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
+ Q7 b: L6 G0 E7 @/ X 105. Establishment strike4 x' [$ ?/ t0 Z: @
106. Industry strike
: M I* _& j9 U0 d% K 107. Sympathetic strike% x& O* O! N7 e; m6 J; r% {" W
6 c4 X0 a2 K4 \! I7 hRestricted Strikes6 L- G/ Z% s7 P: v4 c
108. Detailed strike S3 w$ M! V+ ` C/ S) J8 E/ p
109. Bumper strike
( y# @- W+ b% f0 a0 G3 X# Z$ x+ n 110. Slowdown strike- B- |: x. _" _' ]( ^2 k# f5 o
111. Working-to-rule strike
! s6 }; i$ e+ r) z( q6 R 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& x: H3 l! s |& F: \ 113. Strike by resignation8 I* @, q' c1 ~& S
114. Limited strike
0 B) r& `7 S6 T( {0 p% |5 f 115. Selective strike# K3 y8 v% n+ v( d* Y
" N0 O7 T9 X* L" U; VMulti-Industry Strikes k5 r- b; I$ z
, t5 g3 c% e c, h7 O( j
116. Generalized strike0 G! G6 P3 i* M7 W* M
/ u7 K+ D" g( v; G 117. General strike# o# @' {. f4 O3 s6 h
& d% T6 z$ m* \3 g( }: T
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
& e( [+ z; ~1 _' T" X a1 ]. L k1 `7 J+ d5 r* }8 z' f+ ]! `
118. Hartal4 a5 l# Z+ F F% X
3 L5 I' w6 T, }( H 119. Economic shutdown
( m0 W! K0 f9 d/ {% A( J1 j/ V. S. x+ \1 I$ s
$ a7 O9 _' T( U' s+ K. @$ ]
/ p) K& Y3 m4 A/ n8 [# k8 H) \9 ` r
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 h" d9 e4 S% S2 ~9 _
% W$ q& @ v3 B* z
! i: C+ v0 G) g7 t" Z
Rejection of Authority
3 H1 Y( }" c$ p. d- @) a. y2 P 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; ]# k" x( ~) F
121. Refusal of public support2 ?4 h' _1 J9 H& Z5 k, D
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* U9 S* C9 @8 e" }' R$ ~ ^& ~/ _2 R3 Q- u* w5 J
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
3 t- p! j+ Q' s6 X" U" w5 x$ e 123. Boycott of legislative bodies# y) m2 n+ \3 E" i& a# i8 Y# E
124. Boycott of elections L5 w6 K6 h0 q. Z5 f
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
: F! }$ ~5 e3 U' j7 p9 d! E 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% m& |' g9 D* ~# [( h% ~/ ~
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' z4 [) Z4 I2 A: M' c1 S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 w0 i# O4 F5 b/ A' G0 W 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" s/ ~( h% Y9 B- V
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ A9 n/ K- S) S8 i- k 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ Y* W0 X8 {1 c$ f! j8 d5 i 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- L0 ~) \# L& y0 x; y
* Q, ^5 p. V( C6 b' D8 a/ \4 z
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# K) X S* |6 n# [5 _ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance" f8 o, O! x6 U/ Z: ~
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- G' I: B4 T4 z
135. Popular nonobedience
0 N- y- r- S c7 P 136. Disguised disobedience
! X, ^% {3 d! ], C$ l 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: d% E& V8 x8 u( s1 w* g
138. Sitdown/ H" K8 y5 W* I2 V$ G5 f) J
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 S, ]# m# `5 \
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ A. k" ^2 X) E+ z) M: V- j 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ ^; M( U* Q3 Z' P6 A* Q* r; X" G2 M# E: m" O. A$ B9 _
Action by Government Personnel* [) ~" G2 _ t) R4 n5 r/ K4 o; g
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ d/ K' P2 c. I1 A 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 ? y* w$ _- _4 h; q
144. Stalling and obstruction5 j% x$ S; j' X6 w6 M0 v0 E7 U+ f
145. General administrative noncooperation* k# m4 }; i' v! N' i) R
; ?$ {6 Q$ E4 _3 p8 L7 O
146. Judicial noncooperation
6 }. B3 h, ?3 b4 P1 u; }$ | 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 u$ q% I8 Z! D. k 148. Mutiny3 p) B; \1 _ ~6 u
Domestic Governmental Action9 N f2 J" t8 Z. g& g. S
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' _7 t' s0 K* M* X; T% t2 T 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# `! m+ i* {+ m3 C+ r/ Q; x8 _
6 X- N8 J6 w0 N* c7 iInternational Governmental Action. a+ J+ f8 o' n% [; L* u
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ r" Q8 I6 q }7 ?" K6 ?2 E) p
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# w% S8 I0 a7 j: B+ D( W) M
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
4 f1 [; z* B& B- Z& W 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
3 B* ~ y, U0 B: x9 A( c* g8 X 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 e4 S; T9 U) d* T- m( N 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
c5 s1 K4 c' w7 ~ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
$ ?# n9 P8 C) n3 z8 J
' N2 \: @/ u$ { " ?7 t: g$ g' h. A7 T
2 N$ B m7 c4 f0 S
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
7 Y# [+ V3 N4 l2 c. T
4 ]8 A: |& Q. r5 ^ M
0 ]; M% w2 ]) h$ v0 _" t" X# ?/ hPsychological Intervention
9 s( h, K; J8 T8 x1 `1 H! d 158. Self-exposure to the elements; G* d3 M* j2 t/ e0 Q
159. The fast" R& O( |( F' Q- E
a) Fast of moral pressure1 v& \ ~ h/ j+ ~
b) Hunger strike' E8 k1 T4 U# E
c) Satyagrahic fast
9 b! u0 p8 f, E: X& } 160. Reverse trial
" @. Y2 \3 @! ] 161. Nonviolent harassment0 ^; D3 S* \ B2 P6 D/ O2 d: a
( W7 c" I$ g+ A$ ~) B. s; F, D
Physical Intervention
# N _* ]7 S, P 162. Sit-in- T% Z5 z' }# q( q9 J& [
163. Stand-in
- t r' i) _3 j: ~! e 164. Ride-in
9 f: @/ j! y/ x 165. Wade-in! q( y2 g N% j
166. Mill-in, L4 N, i. C* p/ F x3 R
167. Pray-in
* m9 e+ X* ]* m+ d# `/ Z+ r) W 168. Nonviolent raids
) @$ G0 I: C+ o 169. Nonviolent air raids6 h y; y0 Q8 D: g3 {- x2 h
170. Nonviolent invasion" k+ P6 N3 G( V l: h! F
171. Nonviolent interjection
6 J2 `& i8 L% D+ c 172. Nonviolent obstruction5 S/ t- {& }2 T; s
173. Nonviolent occupation
$ _/ R* {; ^9 d2 ~/ K
8 G! P& k8 z8 C: w/ T0 pSocial Intervention0 x4 ?3 o k- a2 k) ~
174. Establishing new social patterns
& H) i" R0 t7 W5 J 175. Overloading of facilities) X0 L& k* p% w
176. Stall-in! \7 _) c: ~3 f, ~# ?
177. Speak-in; X7 u% e8 O u/ L- L: R
178. Guerrilla theater
8 @1 u! t; ] \+ ]% M 179. Alternative social institutions
7 a6 O5 u- H5 c8 A ]8 c8 m6 s u4 W 180. Alternative communication system
0 p& ] r5 [4 g% r z; {4 I4 _" G: [
Economic Intervention
. L6 `7 L! G$ I9 y) r8 {( O( J 181. Reverse strike0 l" t. E3 d0 X3 k! G8 h* T" c
182. Stay-in strike1 }" k4 o. Z) R( Q& z, F, S2 f
183. Nonviolent land seizure6 x$ f! }$ G0 X) V( N2 R# [1 \" N
184. Defiance of blockades
( _, F1 H" b9 u% k& h/ u 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 p8 J( A2 L+ B% H
186. Preclusive purchasing' T) O; o' @$ E1 o3 t0 v, D$ e* z- w" N
187. Seizure of assets
6 U5 U, E- { d+ e! Y2 r- ]& o 188. Dumping
5 x, \: @8 w- ~& m0 L* _ 189. Selective patronage
3 H8 B6 S. t8 V; [ 190. Alternative markets* ]% J S( F5 I5 D( o/ X
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 f. m0 z: {( Z9 s+ g 192. Alternative economic institutions4 p! k) W6 Y0 P" ^$ a" C; D
5 t$ P& Z B+ U, V
Political Intervention* ]/ _3 U5 d8 W6 N3 ^% o/ R! F
193. Overloading of administrative systems: H4 C0 k- c# e P# D
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
5 {" ?3 Z8 |0 ?! a1 e" y 195. Seeking imprisonment# A: ? P, T; I& i
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! `: e- G, R9 z. f7 f# f; `
197. Work-on without collaboration, v! ^3 F( y3 W1 X0 Z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government& _" |- q' P4 L* A o
$ e1 T3 G; u% b% c' y9 k |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
