 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 o G7 ^1 t& g' CFormal Statements
: ] j' f1 h" k3 y- [: } J1 U 1. Public Speeches5 |0 _& }+ s( u ` v# T; C
2. Letters of opposition or support
) n" N4 l8 E& K 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
2 B; S$ I3 v6 o4 j! Z 4. Signed public statements N0 C4 V. u8 f5 }+ p5 G
5. Declarations of indictment and intention8 n% {+ d" u- `) H# F. [% N
6. Group or mass petitions/ s0 Y Y* T! F' P" ?
7 _, N' C9 A; r, b3 UCommunications with a Wider Audience! T0 H1 N: A' c. j
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: B, l, X; D; d2 @ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, l* T! h& l# o) L 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 \) j+ i: a* _( ~9 D 10. Newspapers and journals; _6 m; b% n& Y
11. Records, radio, and television
7 y: A: X9 z5 U3 u# I& I% k6 A 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" `$ ?' l6 H) v/ }3 |4 O6 m% Q3 s V* I5 K
Group Representations7 z! A5 J6 ~! Y: ]; M( Z
13. Deputations/ m3 O: M" ^3 _5 j, i$ |) Y
14. Mock awards
1 r* X4 U* t, L' B$ Q 15. Group lobbying, A& P2 n, Q7 _, R& r
16. Picketing9 J, o' R$ Y) c
17. Mock elections/ M5 @. U# e s1 n9 {) a; E" H
; x& z7 ^( {' ~2 C8 A* X- y1 `Symbolic Public Acts3 i/ G. c% y9 m4 p4 f
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors5 `( J# G- T# g' M' r- k3 ^! F
19. Wearing of symbols
! E2 T' a$ K9 {3 {9 r, b& E1 A 20. Prayer and worship" ]: k# b+ x3 W4 K' v( M
21. Delivering symbolic objects
' i4 t2 ~- `9 L% C% G8 {: I n* q 22. Protest disrobings
: C+ y# W1 h5 t4 w9 e 23. Destruction of own property
# _! ^! q. ~8 i 24. Symbolic lights
7 c% L; }- y! F$ R, k 25. Displays of portraits
; ?9 Z* v3 ~# M6 X/ z 26. Paint as protest
' Y2 L) e, a8 C! k* h9 s7 ~: K 27. New signs and names$ g+ B. w- u' Y& `+ G) A" \2 M$ Z( a L6 s3 K
28. Symbolic sounds
M+ I% J6 o' d+ K9 O H1 g% K 29. Symbolic reclamations
. N/ o: e0 `( B6 L6 k 30. Rude gestures+ F# A8 d5 M3 p
- l) y( b# f& I( ^- G) e: E- n: bPressures on Individuals$ v' B: \7 e+ j, o
31. “Haunting” officials7 ~! t& D% E5 | V4 {
32. Taunting officials& `7 t+ \' {& d- E
33. Fraternization
5 c. e: U; G& g 34. Vigils
; A5 |, r% g$ Q& R, s8 s5 w& b P# x ^+ {
Drama and Music
) e- ~# G! G1 D, S" M' @) y 35. Humorous skits and pranks2 {; U; m+ a2 g" m
36. Performances of plays and music
7 J) o! N. W& m1 [5 b 37. Singing @! K9 Z2 U9 B5 b9 ?$ @3 k1 Y) B
8 r1 D' ^4 i* R1 \
Processions
$ H% C3 T3 J3 t, I- d, _ 38. Marches
5 X9 T. h; {, i" s" U 39. Parades% d# j. L# l, V: \( m7 P* o. ^+ W
40. Religious processions. Y, T2 O% v" g2 o* b4 t
41. Pilgrimages# Z: n- R9 r0 z
42. Motorcades3 K, U+ b2 ^& W, Z0 l; X* [
6 }/ O" i; z& P, i, m2 q IHonoring the Dead
^$ ~- Z7 v0 t0 u" s: b" u* | 43. Political mourning1 y( L+ d4 C, v# z
44. Mock funerals
# G+ {% ^; h+ @+ Q 45. Demonstrative funerals
5 q+ T! U7 Q( s 46. Homage at burial places9 r$ \; i& i0 g0 r
D2 \/ E2 `% v ?# [
Public Assemblies" N3 Z1 R1 f% ^% w" {# u5 K$ K
47. Assemblies of protest or support0 U: q4 E- c% s3 y# ^# O4 }
48. Protest meetings( K$ S- r, l' a! s
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" W0 B1 _$ e3 J
50. Teach-ins1 R+ L" \+ \' ^6 L
. s- h; A' m0 i( P/ s
Withdrawal and Renunciation
! V$ _4 E# w( r1 ~+ T) o 51. Walk-outs h3 B# N3 n, S$ {# ?( }
52. Silence* j& n0 _( z' @' `* Z
53. Renouncing honors; q+ A( p& j3 E+ a5 m; G `
54. Turning one’s back8 _5 M A3 P6 Z. H/ u9 f$ D
$ l, f* o% ~' Z1 u: e p
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; r# B, _9 L" f6 K9 s$ ^4 ?- [3 f) k
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 t4 T( m0 t5 s+ L1 C1 W/ v( @3 M" \
4 @% x. Q; |& {6 z0 A
3 w3 k& ]; z o* ?Ostracism of Persons' B) p% s/ g. Z) s* n! x
55. Social boycott
- c- S5 y' m$ {3 H: U2 z! v$ O 56. Selective social boycott
$ g B! h6 i _ 57. Lysistratic nonaction, s# X' M! Y: F# q( `2 x8 W9 h g: d
58. Excommunication% R0 d' q, \4 ? m& L- L' L
59. Interdict
5 k; J& ~/ @" I/ t* T* E' T9 M& e. X
1 F* c6 s- s- `5 [/ [; N7 q+ gNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
G Y* ~! X. b; s 60. Suspension of social and sports activities: d o+ B( k V, ~7 k7 m
61. Boycott of social affairs
0 M+ v/ q9 G7 [$ p: U( o 62. Student strike
# O! \. l6 U7 x) @/ d 63. Social disobedience
% T( ~% B% ?2 E6 o) c 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- ]! _5 q0 }0 s% I- b" I$ K+ Y5 P5 V7 C. b
Withdrawal from the Social System" ]. J$ J" K. m# V
65. Stay-at-home# ^2 |- Y }$ ~* i! @; a
66. Total personal noncooperation
( ^0 a; J" v/ z7 L" L* s. [ 67. “Flight” of workers
5 |9 u* H/ a, h9 E3 V @/ b 68. Sanctuary
0 T( q! ]2 {0 d6 ~0 p 69. Collective disappearance# f5 L5 R& O. O
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# z5 U! X7 e) l! }5 J3 a
! Z5 m6 a+ e& Y 3 T( I1 _! f% ]* u% A3 k b& [
' r$ {; Z `8 d# Q$ B DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' N- `( k; Z- D% g# F$ E0 Y" T. U
3 f* {" @( }2 c* t3 w! U/ f/ N
1 I& V% J8 M; M6 P: d3 V+ \Actions by Consumers5 A) V/ ]) J0 G& D2 b/ n
71. Consumers’ boycott
# ?+ m2 d% G M' d% K* f 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 B8 ]8 g% {4 B0 O' A 73. Policy of austerity
% ? S# c$ Z$ B. D- J 74. Rent withholding
4 X+ D* k9 v, }+ k! }1 ^, S2 | 75. Refusal to rent3 o4 a6 e7 P# R) Z
76. National consumers’ boycott- r' v" h H5 s" \
77. International consumers’ boycott
2 D7 y- E) [/ D
( @( u, g% H$ K+ CAction by Workers and Producers
6 i- p" u$ h5 V' _ 78. Workmen’s boycott4 T- l9 e$ N. n7 Z0 H" ]
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen
2 A5 t' E& f/ U% u 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 F6 N; D- ^( ^6 q
' J+ V( h* P1 V* OAction by Owners and Management
8 A0 |* g$ [* U5 s0 M 81. Traders’ boycott5 g6 i) E5 Q8 `/ g1 f
82. Refusal to let or sell property
* Z5 P+ q( L! k: C; ^7 X 83. Lockout- F8 X# ?7 ~3 M4 l( m, V
84. Refusal of industrial assistance# S$ E' u/ O8 S2 {3 M3 _7 [. [
85. Merchants’ “general strike”2 P6 Y& d- c3 H* K1 ?: T
$ I3 i: `7 q* Z, zAction by Holders of Financial Resources
* y9 [1 [* S# A2 a0 Q 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
; E2 v" X, W Q) c6 [; ]0 u 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 m1 Z. G8 i5 e; m& f* |: ~1 ?
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
) W* Y3 Y- U- i. ~1 }: y 89. Severance of funds and credit
, G9 p! V* ~0 F a 90. Revenue refusal
! E9 M2 g) i1 e Q) I5 d$ R$ W 91. Refusal of a government’s money6 b" ?: Z- |6 o2 Q/ L
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Action by Governments/ `) q/ |& M- U9 j# g
92. Domestic embargo0 }: A0 c$ V5 g0 H
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 k* U) \4 d! \. @1 F1 X" v 94. International sellers’ embargo ]$ T3 r' E9 w2 V% g
95. International buyers’ embargo
0 K, G9 U) {( m4 c* J# r, F 96. International trade embargo, l6 q% s' V3 K
4 T9 u ^# j" _) {) S
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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$ a& L, K' f; s1 Y7 JSymbolic Strikes
, p2 o) d/ [0 N2 N; s 97. Protest strike1 e! O3 \# f7 \- m0 E# \/ H) M; {
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% U/ d( l1 ]+ \7 f# j: d
, x; n! f6 _- j# Q& V+ c; jAgricultural Strikes
7 u- p' h/ D$ J3 Q 99. Peasant strike
& S+ t k0 j/ C 100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 E1 I$ D; v8 t, j- z) d
o& `' I8 H/ r* ]Strikes by Special Groups. v/ C% y+ D2 J
101. Refusal of impressed labor5 r9 ]5 j; U, j$ z8 `: n
102. Prisoners’ strike
) o% I$ [5 w t+ ]& y4 n6 X6 ~, _ 103. Craft strike
8 q" f7 D7 E, K8 ] 104. Professional strike, h7 i# Y, c/ a& H2 }
0 r9 Q( H1 o7 ~( q5 Q, g gOrdinary Industrial Strikes& Q5 Z' i+ K/ R- i0 P) B, S
105. Establishment strike; r' b, w% A% M3 g- x
106. Industry strike
" e1 _1 f2 B x! v+ l, Q3 S1 ` 107. Sympathetic strike
4 B( c' z+ z, y$ B& S/ f$ X8 U9 h& N' h& W T4 i* V5 T
Restricted Strikes9 D' {& }. s6 r1 T2 I# v5 g
108. Detailed strike
2 T9 e, D3 C7 l. L8 c* Q 109. Bumper strike$ H1 `/ V: Q6 \- h4 }8 T
110. Slowdown strike8 L" k' E4 n Q9 i. Q! h; S
111. Working-to-rule strike; E. D' p5 s' _. c
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) G) T1 s6 {" x; r q1 J" K) |$ M
113. Strike by resignation
( r* h* ]* ^: }# R 114. Limited strike1 I6 m: S0 ^: L: A* o; r
115. Selective strike
# a; ~" R) {' a* ]
1 I/ F. l9 Y4 k3 u" j% sMulti-Industry Strikes
5 ~ t& q8 \9 S( t/ N" F9 l- E) x' _: G
116. Generalized strike
" `6 h7 v, @. T5 A6 k
3 r$ c* ]- d; m& z 117. General strike) w5 l; ?5 Q0 ^2 ^3 k# n
# l/ Z+ A9 X- O
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, w% F; w5 o( \: R, t K2 y/ x+ L& X7 W+ j* H! h4 b
118. Hartal1 _' S9 _. A5 R. Z* S$ z
: ^' q8 i! Z2 {8 w 119. Economic shutdown
& e/ ^5 V* L$ {3 H S
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8 Y8 |% v0 L+ n' ?7 ^THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
" ?' v! I( _+ l) P% [* T% i: d0 ~ b- F8 \6 {2 Q& \1 p* S
( O$ s0 f/ g# ]" n) H0 `Rejection of Authority/ _$ c' e& [! k/ h! B, P z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 v, w$ a/ c1 }: Z8 X% I 121. Refusal of public support
' p0 Y) M& E# ^ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance) x, O5 B" W$ E% j1 B% a& X- x
2 d4 @: P6 x* h; y# q0 QCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government& c) D9 @" e4 j( ?. ^* {* a
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 o' I! |: A$ f4 I 124. Boycott of elections/ X% {, P V4 A. E0 }7 x
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. h; x( c7 X7 r' j 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( [0 A, E2 c' C8 R3 W' F 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* W# k/ y' A# N) t6 W! k 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 E F4 x+ C) u. Y
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents- N" q9 p5 \, g' F
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
/ O* O9 P; j. c, L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. m& P4 k! s6 I ]* X5 C 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& S' V" F; D; F2 ^8 A/ U& z! t- j4 g
. U* j; p2 a& gCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ |9 a- d$ n# P) B3 K" Z+ C0 e
133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 \6 `, J ~" U! `
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, Q+ E1 p% {% j5 L& \ R s% n, A
135. Popular nonobedience/ o2 Z' s/ e+ ~
136. Disguised disobedience$ R; ]; ^4 M! H5 g( `
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse. C. h X! d% Q) k2 i! p3 }* n2 M/ {
138. Sitdown
6 o6 V" k: y7 r/ ~9 n0 _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 g- ^8 C' h3 l: h% J& i: ~, g 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# A7 g, l* @( N
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws2 A! f3 p& k* N
9 Q; a& y. {: @% H, O' O
Action by Government Personnel
( y% _8 G/ ?+ i, V+ {% _ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 \/ G$ @! J6 |& L" U3 V2 b% t$ _( K 143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ n) n5 x+ l* @& a) Y& p' N
144. Stalling and obstruction. L" L* Q6 B* [
145. General administrative noncooperation1 B5 s, {, ]' B2 B* y" H
, _4 j) H+ n- ^$ a+ J! A# M' Z' L 146. Judicial noncooperation3 c& Q( a' Y* E; V
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents. T6 u% S) s; c
148. Mutiny
: H0 J/ {) I% y' v" V8 s8 t) n$ aDomestic Governmental Action
: P7 n, j5 b7 L 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays! q6 O# y3 \1 o* z6 T
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 P) ?: O8 ?1 o4 @5 Y8 K: a
% t$ f/ ]7 c9 X2 ]& J/ _International Governmental Action
) n- P& }, C, e9 y" j 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) g: x; f. q- m, U3 o7 o 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 g( F' b0 c: z) s' C 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ A0 Q. E0 [+ @% Z% G
154. Severance of diplomatic relations& a. r3 O3 a2 x0 [2 x/ E) U/ A
155. Withdrawal from international organizations8 ?/ S' {, q2 O r& H% \% f: P( \& i
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
V1 j; x$ e" u 157. Expulsion from international organizations
: j9 J* U3 S& ?, E6 C
# v/ y9 M* `9 t- m8 m. z ; J% p# D6 ?2 Z; M. w7 K* V
' U( V# `2 p& J9 BTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
9 r& \5 Z) \, `5 T, z+ m d
) T) G1 b" a" M l; g. C0 y9 j: [8 ?$ u+ {
Psychological Intervention
' A3 Q# d+ X' z2 ` d6 N& ?1 P 158. Self-exposure to the elements
. }/ e: C: j$ g 159. The fast
# r. p. O9 h7 Y, j$ g" {& |" T8 R a) Fast of moral pressure
# v; W5 W/ r) B2 F4 \: y* l$ M b) Hunger strike7 K7 F+ d5 E4 ?) R$ s2 i9 z
c) Satyagrahic fast
( E8 K4 Z8 m- ]. C9 a2 T: } G/ B 160. Reverse trial4 [1 M( F* V: _- M: Z0 T8 x2 B
161. Nonviolent harassment% Z6 v! \% B2 B
/ i5 n. {9 M6 }* k, q1 {6 x. N4 n* u
Physical Intervention
3 O; p# n$ L6 F/ V& V: ?8 r. W0 r 162. Sit-in0 h) h8 V- H7 E V
163. Stand-in8 q9 T9 k$ ?3 C2 H3 N7 s. H
164. Ride-in' |7 k i9 S+ Y0 P4 Z: `8 n2 u2 Z
165. Wade-in! u( T8 q( V1 B3 V( m/ Y- u
166. Mill-in1 J1 L: W/ ?! U8 @* E/ {
167. Pray-in0 `- Q Z7 h* \7 J
168. Nonviolent raids
0 \8 ]* B7 h$ N( U% q6 [1 ] 169. Nonviolent air raids
* F/ e8 T5 X J/ n2 _ 170. Nonviolent invasion
% d0 @. G0 o" q9 N( K, | 171. Nonviolent interjection
/ Y+ P3 }& c1 G: O4 E* _. y7 _% k$ N 172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 z0 u% U5 v$ j2 R 173. Nonviolent occupation u+ E. e4 V, S$ @( T
& V& _# c9 y7 i
Social Intervention: `8 g5 A" X; k P
174. Establishing new social patterns
* z! T% n5 h7 L0 a4 I1 p. Z 175. Overloading of facilities7 p" g" @; z/ F: H
176. Stall-in
7 U3 n ?8 B4 }* B 177. Speak-in
. g6 l& x7 Y+ C6 U9 D) `' Y 178. Guerrilla theater
2 e6 s; X% q" V0 R8 f2 e1 H& V 179. Alternative social institutions
+ p9 R8 U6 T7 ~5 d- g% H 180. Alternative communication system+ k N' O3 E1 g: u
2 T8 q: T5 G' u! o0 n0 N
Economic Intervention0 e% E" T2 `. G. m, R0 Q7 x
181. Reverse strike
* o; w. R u+ i* \8 c 182. Stay-in strike
F: \8 j* ~" d M! j 183. Nonviolent land seizure2 X$ M( k+ S' c+ s& V% ^1 y
184. Defiance of blockades+ ~- {. S& l3 M7 z* J. o! C; p
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) t" J7 P' P+ z9 \* c 186. Preclusive purchasing
! `3 t) r/ {0 ]$ b* | 187. Seizure of assets
$ H3 B, Y) H+ ?% t. h 188. Dumping
2 ]% Y: [% K! d2 G4 W* ^ 189. Selective patronage
- E; s M1 Y$ F2 F, B 190. Alternative markets, V! q; y; r* n9 e x% u9 |
191. Alternative transportation systems. B! R! d& H9 ~, w0 ^+ \
192. Alternative economic institutions4 A. T6 ^6 Y7 p# O
" E, E8 b7 g8 v1 K8 v: \Political Intervention$ A w5 F% o! ~; l+ m. L0 o
193. Overloading of administrative systems Q: ]% P7 z/ N+ U1 a6 S7 A3 p
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 t* p; |5 z# V+ u; ^# s
195. Seeking imprisonment
# o6 Q$ x' w3 h2 x) _) y5 R 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws3 i8 P7 @ V8 n" h! Q5 k B
197. Work-on without collaboration
z8 k9 a# E+ B+ Q3 z, h0 Z, K 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 X4 G/ Q/ Q& i
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
