 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
1 @+ q, E0 A; [1 PFormal Statements
+ a( g9 s t/ \1 ]. T 1. Public Speeches: w& U" w7 A: x' B( }
2. Letters of opposition or support. \ P+ x4 ]6 u9 Z' S( N9 g
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% a; r% P# Q1 l( j( J4 }
4. Signed public statements
N5 i! y9 m+ `' ^ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention& }/ f6 i) s- r! e( r
6. Group or mass petitions0 t! j- [) h5 I- C; D
& h0 n/ B9 B/ U( R5 D+ vCommunications with a Wider Audience
( m8 S2 @6 U+ O' g 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 |, X% O0 i) N- V. R! Q( {! U* ]
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 Z7 n7 k& x) Y( y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% ^$ E+ Y8 n7 c @1 E7 E0 Q
10. Newspapers and journals
3 e1 |; d1 P$ f( }0 Y3 D: L 11. Records, radio, and television d# G/ K: I. K Q
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# k/ e, E+ N1 \1 Y* x
; G7 e4 |5 O$ b4 m* w+ I1 JGroup Representations
% z, y1 J9 C" t, N* O 13. Deputations, @1 _+ D6 g! S2 w9 p3 X: ]
14. Mock awards
& ~' z' G" j* D! d 15. Group lobbying
: A& j! \! X" b+ H: J+ ?/ ^ 16. Picketing
% _) b- I9 U, T5 B- q# V# t 17. Mock elections+ d% F+ G J! [# h% Q& r' R
# t7 m' L# A8 H3 \7 u( Y* K% w) PSymbolic Public Acts- B' w; W+ J; f7 q( Z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 l" G \& r3 `! T2 A- C' g 19. Wearing of symbols
! s- H/ m% f& e% P* w4 H5 Q: b2 b- `: l1 [ 20. Prayer and worship
& D) P J4 \* l* D- s E 21. Delivering symbolic objects! w1 y. R- u( r$ H+ Z: u
22. Protest disrobings) L% V. ?. _6 `# Y6 J
23. Destruction of own property
8 W. h0 ^7 S7 l6 P9 B 24. Symbolic lights
5 m8 Z' H6 r- z* E8 o6 ] 25. Displays of portraits; G* A, p" v. D1 G" e
26. Paint as protest t( a) h+ i+ ~4 R/ Z0 |4 b. Q; V
27. New signs and names( c; ^1 }/ S' c) P
28. Symbolic sounds. t4 \. d! A( H/ [/ X
29. Symbolic reclamations
/ G4 F) T4 Y! _8 a4 u5 x- S% j 30. Rude gestures" m3 d, \" d! N" z& o5 o, q' b5 G
. _2 S2 u7 u3 a6 q+ s6 G8 l
Pressures on Individuals
& E& D0 T* W( O6 [! N; H) s 31. “Haunting” officials* `& @4 u4 P' p% ]9 ?9 H
32. Taunting officials
N1 I$ o) h" k1 ]& q& X 33. Fraternization
2 E% S$ ~5 x$ J8 ~$ N H 34. Vigils
4 i I- J# R c2 i
) o4 r. l' v3 BDrama and Music
- c# Z7 c) ]% ]( s+ Z0 p1 J 35. Humorous skits and pranks$ e0 j6 f/ K2 b1 H f
36. Performances of plays and music
- L* c) g' u& D" z 37. Singing% h6 a) d8 {2 u0 i- G, ]8 ^: o
3 u. n; [$ c$ t$ s. |. N# wProcessions/ i( x5 H) Q. ~7 ^0 e& ?
38. Marches
6 Y9 I! G9 A2 @# w 39. Parades) c; F3 B8 l' I t
40. Religious processions
: v' I( v R K6 `9 x5 b 41. Pilgrimages, R$ {0 O4 @6 W" i4 t' \% @+ X: P# W
42. Motorcades' L M0 [/ r! X
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Honoring the Dead3 Y$ k& e3 A4 {( e
43. Political mourning) X) O9 ]7 l; w; p
44. Mock funerals j, Q% i6 b: P
45. Demonstrative funerals6 {# a9 b3 O% R/ M+ A' I. Y
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
+ X: A$ U2 D7 X/ q* E$ S5 B 47. Assemblies of protest or support7 J& ?) ^# K- S! g
48. Protest meetings% I( N2 I: \& C. K; ^- o
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 C5 o5 N, D8 a" x
50. Teach-ins0 E" C n8 W, I2 u. G+ w
% T, s% Z$ o6 d8 E
Withdrawal and Renunciation4 l' u' n+ X" p0 H
51. Walk-outs
H) O8 ~: X, A/ c/ _$ o8 @0 b/ M; F2 O 52. Silence
# _- I, B$ ]2 u/ R! o/ ~& s 53. Renouncing honors$ O- I/ L& d" O) x" I
54. Turning one’s back
2 W+ O( f/ i+ E7 s9 g6 @5 y7 s% k; p+ e$ h' C
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8 |6 J% C, Y3 f. n% j% cTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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$ g9 I! H' }" z% P9 O) d$ IOstracism of Persons
1 _0 e2 Y2 z8 t: B J+ U% R 55. Social boycott
, F) L5 B# e: M6 f5 W3 j: W9 o 56. Selective social boycott; ^7 [4 b5 O6 g, B
57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 ?0 F( T1 @* c6 _/ f* [ 58. Excommunication
/ f( ~2 b2 q6 v7 O# r 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions4 Z2 \( M+ i$ ~' k u
60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 W( m& N5 P+ s2 ~- n/ k
61. Boycott of social affairs0 F- P Z2 M* \/ b2 Q% u. r
62. Student strike
, q" y3 M& z' \" d5 z 63. Social disobedience
3 W! k6 t" _9 p3 q; t* e8 t2 ^ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions& S% t1 Q, S0 D0 e! M
$ b. F" h& n6 z* \
Withdrawal from the Social System
! N j/ p" t* y/ s3 ? 65. Stay-at-home! S$ D# @/ N/ R
66. Total personal noncooperation
2 n4 {3 C2 @6 p0 @6 Y' z5 O: H 67. “Flight” of workers! S* c6 u; M2 Z( ^8 @
68. Sanctuary& q$ Z8 L2 F1 [* g m' q( K
69. Collective disappearance
5 C9 C5 T2 h7 Z9 z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# w M1 l1 H8 }' O0 i
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
3 Q* U8 N; B: _9 v 71. Consumers’ boycott2 S3 h0 i" ?. U4 D, h, Z
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 c+ {' M$ w5 I I# l 73. Policy of austerity2 y( `: v* N1 Y+ r) N7 Q
74. Rent withholding' O/ e: D# M5 _- F2 m# a' t' `0 y
75. Refusal to rent
) O m* r( |$ ~- L- a' z4 G% p 76. National consumers’ boycott
- V1 B& s" C4 J, h4 J2 T' v9 |1 o 77. International consumers’ boycott
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7 n8 {" M4 e1 I% @7 nAction by Workers and Producers/ Q: u8 Y# J, E- S. f
78. Workmen’s boycott
3 f" z0 w8 ? L( z* W& P. | 79. Producers’ boycott4 N5 c& M$ ]. b( Y
* Z7 a+ [6 G1 c4 q/ i( ?$ Y. \Action by Middlemen
0 X2 }! r* s/ `# ? 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott2 F! D+ M. l0 e) [% N
2 p& t' ?; P4 _Action by Owners and Management$ \3 C0 m* t7 \
81. Traders’ boycott" i6 e4 N6 t( w! p$ o @' V* Y
82. Refusal to let or sell property; Y; T% C3 F6 c# M4 Y! M
83. Lockout: N- }% W1 q# T0 B8 L. z2 v
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& A% k) S. @# C8 @. l7 | 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 l7 E! k Q y8 j" k \
& l& }/ K3 Z+ C5 B: ~) {- uAction by Holders of Financial Resources& w# F5 e j4 ?- i3 T) U
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 H# q6 ]2 Z1 j* g' f+ ?9 [* B 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; T9 X6 a5 Y$ a7 Y" J; t 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' `* M' n3 R7 w: \, n
89. Severance of funds and credit
' Y$ \, Y" M: E @2 a/ d: H 90. Revenue refusal
- A% P7 b! J; B% ~4 C7 R 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 b* h$ @3 V! x m
0 L. Y+ Y s" F; gAction by Governments
/ L+ ?' N+ q% ?' W: H 92. Domestic embargo
% y/ q: ` E" w1 `6 ?, q0 I5 d( h: ? 93. Blacklisting of traders# I2 h' x& e8 D/ `$ T5 E% k c
94. International sellers’ embargo
) `, d: z5 q R% U 95. International buyers’ embargo
: {9 Q9 ~# r- V; [) q 96. International trade embargo1 e2 O6 Q5 X y* c
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/ A; `; U. h/ {; h) ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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; T% d" w0 {" A/ V! K2 S$ |Symbolic Strikes$ L# r; n# U! d$ O9 ^4 v" h: S
97. Protest strike0 u, q p: `- u6 y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 t) Q4 E d& B9 Q& i$ K q1 x5 M8 }2 z
Agricultural Strikes! i' V& v: ` |( f
99. Peasant strike$ V! y) u9 I) e4 i' ?) B
100. Farm Workers’ strike( J1 p0 e& I) c* k
( x# p1 x. B( f y9 X- ]9 @
Strikes by Special Groups
: |1 R5 y9 R& Q$ d 101. Refusal of impressed labor) r* m/ y2 U9 P3 J3 e
102. Prisoners’ strike* v* y9 r, O: y2 @5 |/ O" _
103. Craft strike+ I5 ?/ L& t5 U/ H- h; J
104. Professional strike6 r3 V& A7 P3 y0 H# i: k
+ }, e6 w2 w$ T: rOrdinary Industrial Strikes0 X$ Z7 G5 F" g' @3 `
105. Establishment strike
g, Z/ I( n% H$ d7 N6 |* q 106. Industry strike y! z3 f* N( f w2 Q8 ~+ D
107. Sympathetic strike
/ l! h& i/ z) W: Y$ o
2 g1 k8 j# g; @$ L4 ?Restricted Strikes
& b5 L3 M6 D. x- E& ?9 r% U/ l! r! t 108. Detailed strike& [( ~! W. [) T
109. Bumper strike
3 ?1 B/ {. y- D* F 110. Slowdown strike
- W! u3 h6 ]4 c3 j 111. Working-to-rule strike
; e9 l1 k# L; m 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' z8 b& v, Q' `$ J0 x+ _ 113. Strike by resignation
i3 h7 d" E0 S. ?( {( {0 Y2 i 114. Limited strike
( G$ b! r9 b% v" H- ^- \. p 115. Selective strike/ h: F# |4 S, I5 f l$ W) j) q
% Z/ A" Q2 l6 `" RMulti-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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& e: l0 M) K5 B$ k, gCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
3 h. n# n: `/ {( r5 p/ r/ G! a0 b5 e) u6 S, Y1 C0 ]
118. Hartal. _3 s3 Q S( j: m5 a9 o3 `- x) @
4 Q o( _/ H) l0 b3 g
119. Economic shutdown- ^1 C0 k! g, Z' s
) z: B# P& _' o + p H1 L, A% [( V9 C& C
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( H d9 |5 K9 n9 _- b
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Rejection of Authority4 M2 C$ u5 v% v6 O; M: d6 @
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- s. {+ U$ F! @2 i" A; A% \% n 121. Refusal of public support
* p2 \/ m! |0 B+ b9 n" L- Q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
% ?9 q' A2 f& R, W& ~: Z
: q# J8 X) ?6 bCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 {) V5 k7 R- c& f
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* D% d$ Q1 d* w4 ]. h/ T1 s- ~ 124. Boycott of elections# m* L- P. f2 Q/ {3 _
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, d0 _5 {1 ~5 W9 B! S | 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; ^9 Q, u L5 t0 ~& L8 o
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 O: H( B- C) e9 x$ h 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, q$ J5 I( n) y: J 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, Z3 y \$ O7 v$ B6 I* O: I" t 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" G( Q! Q1 t4 [* h- g _
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, V2 Q+ l$ ]/ @
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# V: B3 y& W9 M: A- ~
5 v0 a4 h3 x5 y, ~, x6 fCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ ~ p5 X- `: ] 133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 g% S2 v) X! b& b0 ~, k! ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 Y$ e/ i1 i4 n& @$ l' k
135. Popular nonobedience n1 l) O9 _9 k7 ^3 U+ G
136. Disguised disobedience! ]' V* U4 j0 K5 _
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& L- z: h5 n# \ L) q 138. Sitdown3 S7 m _, I) q6 F: ]+ m, O
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation s% k( q- B( R
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) ?& ]- n& n$ l# q: o7 z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! O2 l% t$ B) D0 v; S
+ W( `2 y! Q$ b% m
Action by Government Personnel: O1 R7 {3 A6 f+ U
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: {) R- q& ]) B' v8 { 143. Blocking of lines of command and information; Y# p$ e$ W) }" ^
144. Stalling and obstruction' D+ w; t6 j0 B4 V3 n
145. General administrative noncooperation
7 }$ R4 A& A. M* R0 o# \! ^5 u0 A. {" ~! D" `
146. Judicial noncooperation; l9 c0 }8 z* n" e2 n
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" B; V; M3 Z4 y% {# y2 \7 K2 @
148. Mutiny
9 U5 f4 q6 z$ a. o! MDomestic Governmental Action6 U j: t. w" K9 O$ A$ _
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays, Y& y4 G, ~; U6 Y( C& h
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 f/ J5 J) q5 B" n0 G. g- \# _
. h# {: a& C. q1 pInternational Governmental Action
) L, q6 A' O4 f; m6 \' w* } 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 F g1 F7 d/ h+ { 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 @, X* }! O: K. r7 B! _8 p3 O
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( N8 }2 l/ E& G% D6 x/ Q0 s
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 u6 |2 o [3 |" A' k 155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ o) s& C+ K' C" u+ ~
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- q5 x$ P e; y& l' {1 ` 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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. G! X6 `( Q# s: W. B8 [8 yTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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4 c% C6 _0 \7 n( I; OPsychological Intervention
# ]& F9 o6 E# a" Y8 o# X 158. Self-exposure to the elements) w2 u |7 b1 F$ e9 Y/ A4 y
159. The fast; Y/ E1 g r t2 f/ z
a) Fast of moral pressure7 D% e' n# V$ H* ?- u. [
b) Hunger strike2 [; S$ m8 B1 H
c) Satyagrahic fast R; k- @& O# x& ]9 C5 m1 z& k
160. Reverse trial% f6 F6 A/ C# X' c9 ]! Y* z+ V
161. Nonviolent harassment
7 \4 X' X/ h' ?' j1 E- e( ?8 O0 @. s; s0 I( q
Physical Intervention
) i4 w5 y# W5 ?6 A 162. Sit-in
4 J9 O- n2 v- O/ j6 Q' ~ 163. Stand-in0 f) Z. ]- g, w0 y
164. Ride-in
0 E8 |/ Z2 }# D9 x 165. Wade-in8 I- M3 J: p) y# p. J9 L. J
166. Mill-in8 W- H: ]7 R$ ]/ e
167. Pray-in
2 W0 y& c" h' v9 m6 J7 L q$ ]2 A6 F 168. Nonviolent raids/ G; S; e4 S, o. P% Z$ i1 t
169. Nonviolent air raids
" T% Y. I+ q) ?& x/ ~+ b" k9 T) [ 170. Nonviolent invasion& z% R1 N: m) }' o: `9 h
171. Nonviolent interjection6 Z7 f9 D5 p3 O- V7 J" L, L; o
172. Nonviolent obstruction! n4 W9 k! F: d$ Z
173. Nonviolent occupation0 ?* J' R/ n$ V$ ^: K' N( A
7 m% i2 U! O; d9 l4 o# V6 FSocial Intervention7 d: p4 W- _$ w: t6 t7 I
174. Establishing new social patterns
6 E0 r5 o% W$ I( b' s- i 175. Overloading of facilities
8 ^/ ^" @$ L" y 176. Stall-in
# M% \$ p* V3 ~# H: Q 177. Speak-in9 \+ ]) H' U- n: Z7 q+ A
178. Guerrilla theater! V) O/ H5 h" c8 \' g
179. Alternative social institutions
7 ?: X$ t: a/ o8 B' y" F 180. Alternative communication system
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1 {% @* M1 D% U/ {# {/ bEconomic Intervention
; h! y' d i" x2 C 181. Reverse strike
, q5 v& N) k% x0 k7 q7 l 182. Stay-in strike
A9 [0 u$ J& ?, C0 g( I$ P 183. Nonviolent land seizure/ Y+ I# f# a! t3 n- }; J
184. Defiance of blockades
! C3 k, |0 Y. B' L" E& L! b 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting( K) `" A0 U$ f* o
186. Preclusive purchasing. g, I$ K" n) `! b& O6 b& b
187. Seizure of assets% ~& h8 f* f, n# \
188. Dumping
) q6 v( m/ {9 w0 }: M5 q 189. Selective patronage4 E! i% b2 F6 X# \: i, ?1 x, i
190. Alternative markets
2 n4 c; z. B2 M# r, u' m' i 191. Alternative transportation systems
, { _& M5 `+ s8 T! P6 \9 P, m 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention8 v( C5 Q" E$ z; F; v4 w" K: r
193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ S' L8 c+ h" {. L' Y/ e8 G 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, x2 Z d0 v3 W/ X) n4 D8 v
195. Seeking imprisonment- e, M+ K' [8 [+ b0 F
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% ^7 z( K6 P |) Y 197. Work-on without collaboration# M6 F4 U5 D+ L4 s% ~" t* a
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
