 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" V- Q8 D2 E, AFormal Statements
, U% p! O. |6 Q) O4 H 1. Public Speeches
* s; b8 I K) t 2. Letters of opposition or support" U8 i" r8 Z$ r% x* V3 f
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 f" k5 ?: \* y1 G$ K6 }& c! c z8 L! K 4. Signed public statements
7 |* b9 V) N W* c1 ]( G' W" ? 5. Declarations of indictment and intention' H- K, L- z p$ M6 B$ I: |3 h
6. Group or mass petitions/ p) q6 C; a, a; Y3 @
/ X9 \* K7 l4 O$ mCommunications with a Wider Audience# J9 |. b0 U7 r$ T* g
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 O% L6 |8 x- s; k- y2 l6 v8 b 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- Q7 A( P) P( a0 s4 y& c, q# a
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 z* w1 Y. k: L+ ~" s3 e# X 10. Newspapers and journals# D/ i Z4 q/ L0 l+ h& B4 J4 P
11. Records, radio, and television! }! W7 Q. Q% ^7 s J' t" ~
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ ]8 U1 L4 F7 D5 w( t
1 U# x7 t' ], T/ VGroup Representations
9 Y2 o0 H: T8 j* g( f: A 13. Deputations9 O+ w q( R+ C9 c) |7 R- y2 E: S
14. Mock awards- _- v& y5 S$ N3 a% }$ n* ~8 S) S
15. Group lobbying
9 ?/ I6 N8 j# I8 h$ C 16. Picketing& v! B4 m/ r# G2 G/ y* G
17. Mock elections
7 b% s, j/ s: p; K$ Q3 d: s* X G0 |- G- X; C
Symbolic Public Acts$ r0 }' a6 j& g3 |% p5 J* c5 |
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 d1 @& H* v( x, t* e7 ~ q" ~
19. Wearing of symbols/ a( i* t2 Y8 Q' J5 H) G& _
20. Prayer and worship7 V% R" f% V4 n* `! t
21. Delivering symbolic objects
' V4 n2 N7 D1 @8 Y1 h0 n 22. Protest disrobings8 D8 a E) D- b& K; z1 [8 p
23. Destruction of own property. }/ m0 C; {( f4 S- ~8 Y
24. Symbolic lights
; d+ E! ^& r1 U2 V 25. Displays of portraits3 x! n, f( ~; q
26. Paint as protest
2 i- ?# n7 T* n, n 27. New signs and names
% p7 u- [0 v8 f1 K: ?0 M1 q0 I 28. Symbolic sounds
1 t0 A2 m0 U5 a7 m( ^, |( a7 N 29. Symbolic reclamations7 V6 n8 M: q' I4 T8 f/ e0 I
30. Rude gestures5 R2 J3 q+ y9 P4 C! C" ]% X
0 K' l0 F6 v- D& D. e$ E
Pressures on Individuals0 o" N+ u6 ^( l
31. “Haunting” officials! q, _8 B8 A9 _: k4 r
32. Taunting officials* Y5 w- e8 y& ]# \, U
33. Fraternization
+ G( l+ q$ G+ j' s* [, U v. e+ ] 34. Vigils
' c3 y/ ?+ T" R3 K. B
* Y" m4 x8 T" y' vDrama and Music, u2 c! v6 R9 a$ j
35. Humorous skits and pranks8 v( A$ t+ ?8 ?8 R" y: h
36. Performances of plays and music; N, a9 c" h( {' @. Z. w
37. Singing
% B7 w( i% Q. V7 M- q7 }' V8 t5 f7 o& g }2 H: A* L
Processions
9 }$ Q) m8 b, v 38. Marches6 q8 `" P$ M* Q& E
39. Parades/ d% h5 G9 e# n. s& n
40. Religious processions4 h, G4 X7 ^/ \! C
41. Pilgrimages
% D; p& x- s: Z0 M: w, x 42. Motorcades! P3 h2 |* M- \- t/ a$ U) c1 _+ G
e# o8 D) L) Z9 U
Honoring the Dead
& y2 \ S$ E0 n# K( M" B+ y2 j$ H) z 43. Political mourning8 }# R N+ o! [8 ` A
44. Mock funerals3 z" t! ]1 t. L3 [) C, h9 W: n
45. Demonstrative funerals `/ i9 e) y* a/ _
46. Homage at burial places
1 B; j# H& e! ?2 r6 G2 O$ A1 r6 m% z; G" ~+ u N5 Y; a
Public Assemblies( W; m/ j! t0 u
47. Assemblies of protest or support- F) z0 h! ^8 [4 A) J2 U
48. Protest meetings6 J( T ]% p$ Q6 B7 M# P
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 c* D Q2 e5 E) ]: c2 ? 50. Teach-ins9 n r, `. _$ u
+ i3 N& T+ E0 X& M$ q3 I8 MWithdrawal and Renunciation5 }; e* R) k' b1 y
51. Walk-outs. z7 z2 Q7 | ]( v8 k! L+ n0 p) R
52. Silence; H/ G3 [$ `8 e1 ~: V
53. Renouncing honors) v% H7 c3 }( u3 @1 Q; S
54. Turning one’s back) T, a5 P' c( L/ P* C
# s Z W5 i, I9 x$ G( D
: ~! [* c6 Y3 ^' @! u' l
4 m' D+ k8 X9 W0 XTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION5 P) }$ K* A: p8 X6 H+ }
# m: e5 Y" o% c9 T
- i- [" J1 C/ U$ [0 w \: ~4 S( F6 u" e* j6 e0 i- e
Ostracism of Persons
; O5 S6 @( N. w J2 j9 p 55. Social boycott& B3 h2 ^+ R7 W0 E. y: }6 o0 D
56. Selective social boycott
4 y0 _8 H9 b* I! ?" z" C8 h0 u$ O 57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 B6 o( }5 K }; ~( R4 G7 k 58. Excommunication
- D4 k7 w B7 K! d. M& w9 J) ^' u/ e* R 59. Interdict
$ F* D M5 r( h
" j7 ]- h8 s) F8 n/ g( qNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ |4 j) ?* ? f3 ^ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities& _# w* g0 R' g3 ~" O- o) e( N! V/ B
61. Boycott of social affairs, @5 V3 B3 P, |9 U
62. Student strike
( s$ b4 p* ^. |6 ^0 n* f. }1 Y 63. Social disobedience
2 R& F4 s6 _/ B; u4 R 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' @9 ]8 K- u( z6 T, Z `* r0 P8 G, D4 m; @2 [
Withdrawal from the Social System- T! ?2 s: o- a5 O1 R
65. Stay-at-home
- ^0 V& _+ U# \/ L- j- k* ` 66. Total personal noncooperation5 F' e& Y3 T* R& c+ j
67. “Flight” of workers6 P9 ?6 B' p$ [9 Q* \ }) u; @. L5 z
68. Sanctuary
5 [& }5 p/ D6 F7 o2 P 69. Collective disappearance( W* p! l6 _- q4 b3 t3 G
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 P! L% D2 P! l% j# v' t4 p
& B4 o6 R- I \4 S
6 {4 i* s& x2 q9 C' k
; M. K L, x" `" e3 KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 M3 @2 m7 R1 j) a* h
: F$ ~2 R5 t. f+ [) r( ~
: }. i1 ]9 ]$ R: S0 YActions by Consumers
1 C! d% @* G) i0 [% ?8 @ 71. Consumers’ boycott( B0 N! O6 d, a2 F
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, F2 v* x" T7 ^1 ]
73. Policy of austerity5 {3 E% N, `1 N- B1 h' @
74. Rent withholding2 E8 Q9 k- z, W' r
75. Refusal to rent- c* v1 L' v) ~5 Q
76. National consumers’ boycott. G% L% v" W" ]4 [
77. International consumers’ boycott
5 x. l/ I5 [ a# l. o/ w/ b! f/ r3 `- U: `" X: W2 V+ Y( W# O
Action by Workers and Producers
$ H/ n C" u F! M4 e8 Q 78. Workmen’s boycott8 @5 x! T; _5 v" k; [# Z# d! p
79. Producers’ boycott
, m- I- C/ c. q# v& N4 z9 ~& N! {4 J6 N, U
Action by Middlemen# h$ j( Z6 y5 W
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott* J4 H U& Z# A0 k7 d2 U4 N
- `9 W( J5 c( g# T
Action by Owners and Management8 F; `5 y, L* i9 A1 a
81. Traders’ boycott
3 ~; e" A) Y" S+ Q/ O/ a. }1 n 82. Refusal to let or sell property
& t. e2 \# X- E' g! U1 v 83. Lockout# ?; M% M/ t4 `& \8 I
84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 r8 v' X' ?5 w" Y [
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
3 ?5 J+ J/ s" e) K/ X* I, J! Q& d# H: a! t. X! S; D
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
^' O: x! G& {) D% T 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; l5 G* s* P8 J9 l+ G7 }
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 |9 ]" F6 M" w% L6 P* Q 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- `% B, W7 K {9 _0 w% c
89. Severance of funds and credit
, B4 Z! z5 I6 U# | 90. Revenue refusal& B- D. [2 \! H5 p. E
91. Refusal of a government’s money
, _/ h( U k+ Y4 f4 u0 T; I1 X5 U1 ]0 s/ T. B
Action by Governments4 A# G: v: G# o6 S
92. Domestic embargo% m m& L2 G/ a* n1 ~- R3 @
93. Blacklisting of traders
& j$ f8 Z3 I& l% | 94. International sellers’ embargo
( B7 C+ o/ z) D6 e( G' J. y 95. International buyers’ embargo& L1 i" H3 |) g$ Y! a5 N: v8 \
96. International trade embargo
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3 o- u( E! l5 H' {( m 4 @) X0 w! w7 j9 U4 J9 N
* {) `+ i7 t, n4 P; _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: w& k& [3 H9 s/ _$ [; @. [- o2 J/ Q! t
2 Q! F4 q4 L I. I
Symbolic Strikes5 z9 n$ k% G. \9 @3 S# R
97. Protest strike
+ ` d) `* L' ~7 R% o- f 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& U# n6 g& J* ?% y+ A' F% A1 n& ?
( H4 M" e! T+ ?5 y; r) D$ q
Agricultural Strikes( D' q$ }" q2 e
99. Peasant strike
0 }* {& b' G7 m0 ^1 U 100. Farm Workers’ strike. S6 I8 @: ]$ L8 J8 R8 D
6 a0 V2 s) U+ {/ q9 p( yStrikes by Special Groups
4 K# U% K! `$ H1 v3 t/ w 101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ ~% \5 i, j+ G 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 j) R1 r! Y* g% i: _/ V3 F. V 103. Craft strike f4 |% {, w' e" w5 O2 A
104. Professional strike
4 h8 i% r' Y% d! U# v1 Y3 O9 O
' H( D, p' k+ t) r1 a1 `' QOrdinary Industrial Strikes9 u$ Z& g4 T8 {& S7 i/ h, e
105. Establishment strike
: c+ I9 I8 e% h* t 106. Industry strike
$ r+ V" T9 W, V2 y 107. Sympathetic strike" D, U. W% _/ O& H
& ^4 W- \% J0 z+ K, ~' Z1 i% l6 }2 BRestricted Strikes8 N( B, C# c$ s0 r
108. Detailed strike9 B0 y; S" N3 h% B
109. Bumper strike' I. M* i4 g' q+ ~, ^* J% z7 v+ G
110. Slowdown strike& O" _5 e( a- |1 ~9 s7 G, l
111. Working-to-rule strike% j) ]! d. ~3 y/ W3 }: U* b# K
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): C+ e: G) M3 T2 c5 q
113. Strike by resignation
; Y4 R4 |0 h. g0 k 114. Limited strike
5 `3 u4 [: o& S! O/ Q7 h" T; v 115. Selective strike5 g8 C _2 \, r4 {
" O5 c# m2 A7 [3 NMulti-Industry Strikes# v+ t3 f1 j) k) V% Z- w2 [+ B9 q
6 p& C: r6 |6 E" j0 J5 Z; B* b, n/ S 116. Generalized strike% L4 H. G2 v" L L' x; `
7 z6 |: l4 q6 `, E4 o# l6 X 117. General strike
% C) G7 f" ~! Q5 |4 {# |$ I
' [; w0 M3 t0 lCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 z$ G2 [. @7 w, p- m9 s7 e. W' S* C+ s8 o o2 i m* ?
118. Hartal. [; `4 _1 q# f9 Y: n
' b5 ]0 k7 p0 }9 e6 Y6 h& A 119. Economic shutdown: F! ^ x; }2 ?" S
: {3 F/ C+ i! j5 q$ u0 X5 A
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( p+ {' ^% i1 p0 c
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Rejection of Authority
. X' o- m' K) t. O# E3 N& t4 ~ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 r6 e }- D# t$ c1 o 121. Refusal of public support
2 w0 D& S, z# f1 u, \ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, f/ K+ X1 s8 H
/ S2 ~+ y6 n" h g, g& ]/ oCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' g* i5 Q3 N' P! b$ c 123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 T2 i# V4 w7 x% c/ C7 b
124. Boycott of elections% `% G9 F r3 P6 j+ Q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! Z" M1 r/ ^& l* P) p8 Z" | 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies- P% w+ ]4 v: R. g9 R1 V
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions' f2 Z: Q1 [7 I& w% R) f4 r X
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& t7 t% @8 W* n7 w7 H2 O2 A 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* h& H! H5 S' I8 H8 `$ l: _ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; N, A' U; s; e6 ~' L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 G' u; Y( L$ g0 q: h U' w. f 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
' L& W; w+ B! N) D4 H3 {2 f& G3 F- U: A) C# ?/ g* q8 S& l
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience8 M7 Y, m9 I, g( z& |6 c
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( V/ T' g* \" y/ I4 a% M 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 d- m Q& L1 H7 g3 h0 W
135. Popular nonobedience8 c# G {5 n9 I' _3 n
136. Disguised disobedience
# F# _; M, B3 U0 \2 O 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 A2 f4 ]4 P; {
138. Sitdown: n# |: v2 R, w; X! ^; t
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# Y% `& Y1 D+ t; s+ j1 h4 h' |
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 r6 |* _! m4 V+ i7 H( u, K
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws2 s5 P5 E' E* l$ {2 X! j
* J2 e" t. A# z7 n. e& q; SAction by Government Personnel' [* f, L% e! u ]1 {; R
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* f) z7 y5 s8 a( _1 R
143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 Q$ @. d) v! U. v5 c
144. Stalling and obstruction' e# |- }5 o6 Z2 c! S6 g
145. General administrative noncooperation# e/ ^* i a7 P, {7 ^' V0 j
* M. H. R; `. }7 |8 y) n4 y% y, i
146. Judicial noncooperation" Q5 ^, R) c4 }5 y3 V
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ J0 i' O% T/ G 148. Mutiny
5 f+ w/ l$ _3 g k" o& R% A1 ~7 ^Domestic Governmental Action6 O, A" r Z. i* A. {
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ J$ p- d" m/ [# t* O9 B/ n o 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' |9 p5 i6 H. U
4 X6 d- r' A$ |$ H6 C5 u/ }; M# }International Governmental Action' \! l2 h! Y' L! g/ [& `
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& r: m8 A( e3 Q% t Q) W% m; d 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- p; n K0 n! |, ]5 Q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ x' x3 z. }* K5 B
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" Y+ W' q& M) t" ?' L 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 |: t/ d. h' ~ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- n6 F$ X8 i; ?3 j U8 n; ~ 157. Expulsion from international organizations& ~9 a1 v1 r& {9 p* W" H
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& ^$ I) @9 `* i' i. Z
J6 I! J7 G4 ~' E4 \* D( j
2 ^$ f6 r/ Z3 w) ~: LPsychological Intervention
. e0 n/ f2 @! M. p/ X6 R0 C 158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 ?! H) ~$ k" Y; \. s2 c 159. The fast
, s9 N* E) ?; r8 j/ g) `* p# ? a) Fast of moral pressure
& i0 q+ [& Z# c5 I7 G; } b) Hunger strike3 x8 O# h% \& Q3 @
c) Satyagrahic fast( Y: O8 X3 x) {
160. Reverse trial
+ T" B7 u. m b& g" y 161. Nonviolent harassment
# E" J6 h' T; {6 F. z h" S% ? u7 p4 O0 \( K& m
Physical Intervention
1 A1 l9 {9 _1 V! ^& q. Y% i( y 162. Sit-in$ k8 x; w1 G( }
163. Stand-in
1 [/ T# ~+ _' g: J" a 164. Ride-in
* [) Z R# e! c2 d 165. Wade-in! ^' s, q, [" K" O6 C
166. Mill-in7 S% ~) w3 W: d. V. n' |( d
167. Pray-in0 ?) s6 z8 |% j' @# i2 b' w# X
168. Nonviolent raids* ~. `8 h0 B' D
169. Nonviolent air raids+ u; |0 Z7 q. x R
170. Nonviolent invasion- s6 u3 r: A8 p$ f1 t
171. Nonviolent interjection) J3 K) R0 R6 J! W. b' r
172. Nonviolent obstruction
( ]2 V' E+ d5 P: Z" G0 h 173. Nonviolent occupation
1 X7 F7 h" O6 J' v
8 ^! Z- Q2 E: I9 ~3 ?" K" H0 H' }Social Intervention
; \0 ^9 H+ x1 H3 a8 _ 174. Establishing new social patterns# p, ~* C( r4 m1 J) P
175. Overloading of facilities' ]# K! T) v( h+ t( ?7 N' n$ p
176. Stall-in% _# v! F$ Z& N; T( }
177. Speak-in- t5 f& R: o; O& ~
178. Guerrilla theater/ I6 p0 d; Z7 x) V, l1 Y( X5 ~4 A; ]
179. Alternative social institutions
' C9 h9 s7 a- X0 L w 180. Alternative communication system
2 G4 X7 E) \) t: p6 L3 D0 g6 a# ^3 N
Economic Intervention
* K1 P+ J- U" w' q5 m. q9 w 181. Reverse strike$ s# e2 j% B, z y3 d9 a1 ]
182. Stay-in strike
* a# \; R0 I; Y 183. Nonviolent land seizure6 _0 d q2 O2 f u
184. Defiance of blockades
& Q. [( b4 ~6 o' h- c 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" F* Q H. |9 H( X+ |- x% C5 ]
186. Preclusive purchasing+ P- i; _/ d) t. h9 Q% Q9 E
187. Seizure of assets
+ U1 j# Z' Y3 C. V- Y- j 188. Dumping
6 R. \" Z8 l% h+ o5 A! t* h8 k 189. Selective patronage) x$ J+ f) f4 J" N* i6 R4 C. s
190. Alternative markets
' P1 o* ~: K# G/ s 191. Alternative transportation systems
" g& ~; r3 b# h7 a5 u" q 192. Alternative economic institutions
5 B* }+ M$ q- Z% V: n3 C1 x' o* Q/ f2 r. ]) W; Z+ t+ d( A
Political Intervention! k9 u/ d5 w( N- b$ z& m# V
193. Overloading of administrative systems8 e7 H9 c# \! g7 {
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
5 w6 e+ ~) A/ Q9 l 195. Seeking imprisonment
' B' W# w7 x; Z2 j; q/ z, o 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& O# Q% Z- {. Y# ^, B. s 197. Work-on without collaboration
- v: r/ v! @# A& ?3 q# ^9 l 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
