 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& k! z$ y+ x7 [$ p& o/ qFormal Statements
6 p [+ V, X7 z% y. |2 _. B 1. Public Speeches
# }2 n" O: ]- P: o5 Z$ }, ] 2. Letters of opposition or support
$ @4 y/ M5 o" ]% ~! c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% x: a m' z$ a, l6 Q( x% }# m 4. Signed public statements- P9 s4 E/ j6 a0 [, P
5. Declarations of indictment and intention w$ f9 ~ l1 L) D- A+ ]
6. Group or mass petitions, L/ y9 R! h: n
- _6 {0 Z' J/ I; Z6 W& M4 I
Communications with a Wider Audience
* {) x' O. M# [2 O1 D8 X9 V 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# [! O! {# _- V0 C# E* v 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, l* Q t4 P9 Y7 m% W+ ~ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
) r9 r! i/ ~* d+ h. S# S' w. F 10. Newspapers and journals( X+ l2 f6 p* R# F
11. Records, radio, and television" T# b1 X2 x0 ?# {$ F
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
; T9 m) x% V& u* G ^
2 q f4 d- |* u n6 kGroup Representations# g6 A& {$ f& l; U7 C" K
13. Deputations) c, m, W' z8 I1 y3 B2 O5 t7 T, j
14. Mock awards
" r d) q# l* O7 J2 f o' G& M 15. Group lobbying3 c1 r/ n* F' V
16. Picketing
, h ?* I6 u8 F, d 17. Mock elections
a- D5 W( {6 s# S* V5 P! _ _/ q- j/ R9 P
Symbolic Public Acts9 ~# J4 s" u* V3 B F
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
& F N N6 F2 R2 W 19. Wearing of symbols( E( y% I/ ]! X
20. Prayer and worship
6 W0 s+ j7 n0 C8 N1 j- K. k 21. Delivering symbolic objects/ L q$ D* V9 C4 m7 ~0 m7 e
22. Protest disrobings
$ }7 t7 j6 n: r3 v' A' z 23. Destruction of own property3 b$ B; o2 O u" h" ^5 H4 |4 {$ B
24. Symbolic lights6 y" f7 U7 u0 M; |% q( C
25. Displays of portraits& t% S9 g% S8 c
26. Paint as protest
; D% X4 D: C7 u. l/ I! I: h" L 27. New signs and names: X! O( ^; }* G- k# L7 Q2 m" g9 p
28. Symbolic sounds9 Y1 @3 v% S3 W& S. y
29. Symbolic reclamations- j& `) M% W! |+ o" _) Z( j
30. Rude gestures
: f& K. Z; m5 k! Z# u- {- e$ n& P4 U# F B! ]* x5 t: g% ]
Pressures on Individuals7 n1 V% e1 v/ w$ a6 t" O9 N0 N0 _1 U
31. “Haunting” officials
, ~; ?7 z" v4 {) C 32. Taunting officials! K& Q1 ^4 D& E0 y, \9 y
33. Fraternization _$ ~* i) f) ^" D. y) {
34. Vigils
^1 D3 [: x$ r6 |+ d: I5 d' H3 N6 o' h( y
Drama and Music
O l) s5 s# K" M6 B _ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 I# [0 k( N2 y( ] 36. Performances of plays and music8 ~# y1 K# V, R- p: h
37. Singing
+ W! d* v. A7 E1 X# E. u8 S
, @8 S) B. X* }2 s: K8 E2 _Processions8 m8 [2 X% x3 N! @6 m
38. Marches
/ O U& X c; q/ A8 \ r 39. Parades
& Z# S i3 a" z2 u2 X 40. Religious processions9 n7 B3 j. j" M) h% V
41. Pilgrimages6 ^/ {5 t, A, u* p# w* O& S+ `
42. Motorcades
# k5 ^5 a! V7 P% Z6 }! x
0 W; ^+ w7 m9 m3 d8 KHonoring the Dead
1 N# e7 V8 b% j& j 43. Political mourning
4 i b; @6 v6 K g! p) Q 44. Mock funerals+ F8 K0 D. ^: i+ R4 |
45. Demonstrative funerals
5 [' z7 t# f+ v Q1 @ 46. Homage at burial places s9 B, n1 A7 I& G/ L" c Q
1 X, w3 U8 \8 {7 @, a
Public Assemblies
4 ` d Y8 W! j7 u t- S 47. Assemblies of protest or support l9 |6 f S, d( X9 E/ C; |
48. Protest meetings7 u3 b/ T; g$ b H1 `3 @, d- h
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( ~; _+ s$ z3 G4 G& x
50. Teach-ins" Q" x! I/ ] t1 `- I
# G7 F3 k! L+ QWithdrawal and Renunciation( b, G2 A3 P/ ?- U2 T
51. Walk-outs; K+ O+ G% C) t
52. Silence
3 f: Z# o5 M; z+ F3 l! \/ E) z 53. Renouncing honors
6 w9 F0 [8 N* Z( v! J 54. Turning one’s back
; x$ l7 k1 w% Y) _# P; B" q8 _" B/ h* i- f# g& h6 F( O
8 }' q# Z# C9 W" Y5 L! g
) ^! y" T# i* m+ M5 V
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 L! \7 R2 _ Q0 M& F& b
* ^3 Q4 `6 A8 a9 n) N5 T3 u" f
. _* {5 I1 ~' t0 a& Z/ d5 \6 |, P _6 S; O% [) f% J0 x# n
Ostracism of Persons, D% z5 i4 f4 E4 U( r8 L
55. Social boycott
V; |% O- q' Q3 A 56. Selective social boycott
. q1 c; O( x) @- Z' p3 d+ d, u$ @ 57. Lysistratic nonaction! X& l6 b- K0 s
58. Excommunication
( V3 s" c5 |2 O& o5 ? 59. Interdict; I8 r6 a2 {$ J b2 A8 D
2 e6 b& {: P/ P% v8 f
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
B% l2 ^$ {8 ^2 ~: c2 B, } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& @; ]1 ^+ k( f" ~( ~+ h; H. ] 61. Boycott of social affairs8 y. c, C0 O9 `3 U
62. Student strike
( [3 y4 j0 T4 ?: i5 z$ g1 H 63. Social disobedience) @ s% k. I5 t e0 e) g4 p1 T
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* z1 }* Q6 ~. N
) x9 T- Q, i) r7 F) cWithdrawal from the Social System1 I& O1 ?2 L. J4 I( v/ J
65. Stay-at-home$ u: J0 Q! Z' W0 n/ `
66. Total personal noncooperation
. o. r7 ^2 m! E 67. “Flight” of workers
, J3 J5 h$ k2 t' {! K 68. Sanctuary
2 c- j' P" |4 H& r$ F1 O% ~, \% @ 69. Collective disappearance x: g$ o9 S4 ]9 R: Y
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)/ K& {; M) q+ L
s5 x8 V# j3 n; Y3 G3 R 9 ^5 l$ E/ N' i3 R4 V$ a8 C7 R% N
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; k# x5 Y G$ [/ i5 x6 _% N- `; u' @7 b& @
: a" g8 O7 I9 |# \! W' d' m6 |Actions by Consumers1 J' l0 [) p# C4 n4 C( N/ l
71. Consumers’ boycott R E& u6 I2 y; W# b4 i( T8 O
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
" E+ C! y0 e1 Y 73. Policy of austerity: I/ q0 X3 U# R% h. b h# R
74. Rent withholding: R9 O8 ~7 f. U8 u% |. J9 ^
75. Refusal to rent
7 N1 ]: C2 V8 x! O" b) Y 76. National consumers’ boycott
( F- {7 D$ G8 {: _7 f& A- _ 77. International consumers’ boycott4 N( t! E3 R; f, a4 W
8 c L% U5 h7 v B. j. eAction by Workers and Producers6 r: O4 Q' K5 f2 n7 z; U/ z0 V
78. Workmen’s boycott
; t/ R) W( z4 ^5 x* R2 M' _ 79. Producers’ boycott
, g# F% H$ @+ V9 X( n
( [" A' D }0 M% ~% o+ bAction by Middlemen
6 p! ?- [3 \) c$ {; e# E; v1 k 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 K* E( r3 Z5 V7 u$ S" w# a3 P; M# N4 R0 I& r- M. O
Action by Owners and Management
. x& W$ Y; ^8 q 81. Traders’ boycott6 H1 e2 h, o- \, C/ H$ x# q& r
82. Refusal to let or sell property
% @4 P: a- `" ? e8 J/ [ 83. Lockout' H! v3 c& r* R) g2 K8 A6 \
84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 J+ _ S9 D0 A
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 n" Z4 l+ M+ R7 \' k9 n& b
+ H# A9 r, ?# q1 X$ XAction by Holders of Financial Resources
( M0 h/ B w& |6 s. ?7 w" K _ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
0 U2 ] B+ ~, o& \; D( x$ | 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 n! S" {/ u" U
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
R/ B* O: N" e* I 89. Severance of funds and credit( I( }% N4 b$ j6 U
90. Revenue refusal& ]$ @3 g7 m6 N& Y
91. Refusal of a government’s money
& k" K" S* R3 {& b. f0 `, w( r- p& I f4 N0 w4 _9 ^' {3 }6 I
Action by Governments0 s# T: b: j" M: c4 O" Q
92. Domestic embargo6 J' Q# T" }" U: U
93. Blacklisting of traders$ ^. ~" Z( t: @! h- L7 l' H/ h
94. International sellers’ embargo
7 {& f) ~2 S* e5 D4 z# m 95. International buyers’ embargo
0 G! O5 {: P% I+ F4 U9 g" h 96. International trade embargo3 i U" d2 T, ^6 @$ m
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 h1 J* g# [& h+ [0 S
3 c e! b, ~' F1 @ w: \5 e
, ~' x; o" D( U' x2 d7 b- J) JSymbolic Strikes0 J0 z7 M; b5 K! Y2 {+ T6 B
97. Protest strike* k) `' ?2 g- X" L
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ m: k A$ q( O& |- m3 N2 S
- {! ]8 S' @; z5 Q- g0 |Agricultural Strikes
# K. l+ _: Q! j& [- U0 _: h 99. Peasant strike( t3 h; O2 T% D- v! F" b% T
100. Farm Workers’ strike
% L" | |/ h3 D m0 ~* ]" ] j4 Y5 E. u8 m; X2 u3 D
Strikes by Special Groups7 ]# c) T' S H1 ]$ s
101. Refusal of impressed labor
( P% K% a) _6 _% v( @3 [& Z/ v. Y o8 s 102. Prisoners’ strike* w. C u- U/ x: ?' N2 ?* L
103. Craft strike
$ ?0 a9 ?+ g3 ?& \% Y$ E 104. Professional strike9 ^1 H0 h4 O. [# ?+ f/ t
, J0 ~% A9 r: \
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
* j5 ?9 |- X9 w1 Y* W 105. Establishment strike+ J+ T, o8 e6 a- p. p1 k
106. Industry strike, @9 }# y2 o3 u, J. m
107. Sympathetic strike! V) n- s/ ]# L! [
! a- p/ u3 n& g: P! ], I9 }( ARestricted Strikes
) J- c/ F, s) ?. E& { 108. Detailed strike/ m" |! \' K" v3 a% K9 _
109. Bumper strike
9 f8 J4 h. Z. }8 V' Z- h6 ?1 n( e 110. Slowdown strike
2 {, T* @8 T0 u 111. Working-to-rule strike" ~- d; y( f+ j& I7 W6 ^0 T
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) x# [& ? n+ P) L+ ^, I; j! F
113. Strike by resignation
* z6 u8 \1 w& e9 A8 B; w" B l: a( x 114. Limited strike3 K2 J& K3 n$ R5 X0 J4 Z/ X4 i
115. Selective strike( V" H, M0 n7 P- c K; q: V
! E( Q/ l. l8 Z$ q; i/ LMulti-Industry Strikes2 w$ T0 y& P- G! E' G. V# T2 J; Y
, @" e6 I, N9 @3 R
116. Generalized strike
. S- U, h! e7 |7 |
" |1 x( Y3 a( a$ H; z' Y 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 h% ?$ f. ~$ C' J. ]8 L' g" |& ]
118. Hartal
- h8 A' l) |+ \& V; K# {1 x$ _* ~; Q: d% F9 ^; n# O5 i2 ?* i
119. Economic shutdown
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0 N: r/ f- e+ M
% F( p3 K' j% j+ x9 y9 ~THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority3 i7 p& x; X9 [
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# t" J& {8 s5 a5 F) i( ~/ v6 q0 O
121. Refusal of public support+ i* L' V+ J* R4 m: r
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance8 |$ e9 d3 T; o3 U8 l# E1 y
; K% [# A4 l. C+ x
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
5 u2 e4 ^7 |: g, \# G 123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 o7 r7 I* ^( c% H, k. i: F0 T: Y
124. Boycott of elections
/ H5 ^( y# V/ F( h. H 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! P4 T; [% B' D; U" l1 S 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ Y0 b* T5 d h. F
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 X6 u+ s, q; q1 t! k$ j 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: k1 K; a% r. |: C; s# Y9 E
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents& R$ w; o+ q& M4 L) K4 u; W* X
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! D% t% l; N, f1 N6 | 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, |5 t6 Y7 C: h! H& [ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions! Y' V$ r6 g3 ]2 k' J# w
, c) _) ]6 A$ S) m0 k2 f0 {- i5 m. YCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, ?: S D5 C% N y- c 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 d! B. X8 q" i S 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" h3 }2 c. H) v" Q: w7 Q
135. Popular nonobedience
; K8 S u* ?4 I' b. G: l+ |" e 136. Disguised disobedience
# Z1 o7 M$ E. m$ E! b* X 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( s5 O$ Y2 f. _. x+ M 138. Sitdown9 F7 v) S W) c) o/ e, e# p
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 R. Y, J7 P) n! p! t* y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" N7 y P! t, B 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ Y$ Z d7 n) Y' W& h
( a' g# N. t- g% m$ aAction by Government Personnel# V3 w" G/ C/ u+ r; B, ?
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) \. n N! f( o1 {
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 M) U0 s+ F& R6 v6 W- b 144. Stalling and obstruction3 T7 m l8 {5 |/ `! Y2 L. p- q
145. General administrative noncooperation& N8 B: ~7 r7 M: b" W
" L% k ^4 }. D, R8 J 146. Judicial noncooperation
7 B# w8 [+ B5 L6 q5 I) Q9 _$ M 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
3 z; f7 Q6 x9 M/ `) |9 u/ R7 s$ o5 M1 { 148. Mutiny
6 \5 B6 o% C& j6 t7 P3 @- n+ l2 SDomestic Governmental Action* E- ?4 c- ~/ M4 y/ E5 n
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 V; n$ Z! x4 T) a# U9 Z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. y7 j/ \/ R8 `
5 ^( i$ W* {+ R; ^International Governmental Action, {# ?3 X: E( Y0 J9 x$ Q1 H+ J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 S; N; ?. W3 c# _0 E
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. k( b$ n0 v- z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 f- v. @8 Y3 k! B8 [ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! k5 [# ~* W; q" o 155. Withdrawal from international organizations: v1 q$ R+ m m
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: ~. M+ f2 ~0 a2 O
157. Expulsion from international organizations! U0 U7 r, g ]( b6 [5 ]; n4 Z
4 P. g |4 k2 a: S" E
7 H9 Q/ j% @( X4 f/ }( O h/ R' t6 A9 `
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
4 ]- F; ]) N( N1 E/ W
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2 V2 h; J4 w4 t: R% J5 a4 EPsychological Intervention
3 O$ w" J. [/ l) K A b 158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ F/ ~5 Z- e2 F+ O3 R% ]" i 159. The fast, h# M9 t7 P2 `, b, M
a) Fast of moral pressure; g8 E' X7 ^2 W$ h
b) Hunger strike
0 i. u/ C$ Y7 q" ]7 M c) Satyagrahic fast, T$ o1 ~5 O' S, B. \! b1 E
160. Reverse trial/ k A+ N6 A- ]4 y L
161. Nonviolent harassment
) ~4 G7 ~8 L6 o& a, V& f
5 \0 v: j; ?& f3 IPhysical Intervention
/ ^/ Q1 _. p- F; k/ F 162. Sit-in/ v# _2 {, ]; f$ N7 f" }0 ~
163. Stand-in& I; _, O/ a$ I) s
164. Ride-in. E0 A' W; F/ u8 y
165. Wade-in7 \# K9 h# L: B- Q6 @/ C5 a
166. Mill-in @7 H' U3 x9 Z$ s
167. Pray-in
% h* C+ w& s' k/ q/ Y; w: y 168. Nonviolent raids2 V/ b9 u4 d2 a& T
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 Q) M8 k( c! Q7 ^ 170. Nonviolent invasion9 Q6 Z) Z3 e0 ^# {6 r! E
171. Nonviolent interjection- J" {' r" P% ^1 Q2 u; ]
172. Nonviolent obstruction
- i, d% P" B$ j9 x- T 173. Nonviolent occupation, C6 Y- I- B, y0 ?. p7 [- h
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Social Intervention' Z. }( A! b! i) D+ L' L# z
174. Establishing new social patterns
l7 a# U/ W% i5 f 175. Overloading of facilities
3 ^2 g( w5 T; }9 H$ X1 e) K 176. Stall-in
$ N' o4 e+ p) C5 a, B 177. Speak-in
# I8 y. d) ?, l5 n' c# y% g 178. Guerrilla theater9 E1 K0 F* Z5 l/ h+ I% ]
179. Alternative social institutions* q$ O. w9 x3 a+ a9 a5 P
180. Alternative communication system. P) S: `; ` ?8 ]( o: X/ l# M
( j9 ?$ m/ R0 Y; n
Economic Intervention
3 D! b# i% E T 181. Reverse strike
# D, \& u8 [: \# |( C" o8 i2 y4 n* j: O 182. Stay-in strike7 V" f8 ~, N* o* J8 d( D
183. Nonviolent land seizure
. C% z' E0 v* {3 w 184. Defiance of blockades" F# u3 T9 E: {
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" `0 N% i; `( L. p: X, H* r" v 186. Preclusive purchasing2 F/ l" }5 k7 \ l$ N
187. Seizure of assets4 a8 z( a0 s% i5 s# O& Z" N
188. Dumping- l. C2 ^ j) ]1 m
189. Selective patronage
' u; f' G; n2 y 190. Alternative markets* I S, W, o; R1 A) |2 ?0 q
191. Alternative transportation systems
# V' Y2 u: v. e1 h' b 192. Alternative economic institutions2 j- C. i! }1 m0 G0 K1 u. D
4 }: B/ L6 f( CPolitical Intervention e5 p+ F5 j, T" c, {
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 Q1 U# @; |- j: X' [( u" S 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! ]5 K. l) @: Z) t8 M! B
195. Seeking imprisonment R6 I8 A4 Y. n
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ N% h: n) Q* @* }
197. Work-on without collaboration4 \; T! o* \% _9 C, F% N& y/ s& R
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 ?+ }/ L) _/ M' r6 |; ^- Y( a
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
