 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- r) l' D7 ^3 J% \- R6 nFormal Statements
* h) S" N, u8 Y- C& e+ w% E 1. Public Speeches5 ^9 O, N! x4 s' | n3 @, R& Y
2. Letters of opposition or support* x, h3 e2 h! O6 `" t" n' h
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% h! `/ d! k z& @ a* | 4. Signed public statements1 ^5 D8 h4 |8 u
5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ N) K! m1 y( @4 O2 G! ^
6. Group or mass petitions
1 R, b0 q. c2 F( |/ I9 |
4 P, X9 U3 _* u' P) nCommunications with a Wider Audience( B0 s1 U5 p) @" _
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 h1 A: ^; S. L% t
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 u- L! a2 `2 C3 E7 e 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 L8 s. Q: Z5 \* F! j4 x
10. Newspapers and journals
4 F8 V. m5 _& X 11. Records, radio, and television
" h) N2 y5 X. K4 x) D) f* X/ W 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 w+ l, G* k; O+ `$ y( y% E, k& a( B: l1 G9 x' M: m
Group Representations
1 I- w! g' H5 R0 [$ _% u) ~ 13. Deputations/ [6 _$ R+ J ?5 u9 ^! ?, Z
14. Mock awards; W2 a r( E" u) m4 y
15. Group lobbying
1 D& |5 o/ D8 U+ `' l! i/ i 16. Picketing
# t" L* s i9 k0 g 17. Mock elections+ a3 p$ [1 c% h2 w/ d+ s
6 Y4 s1 v( O P9 q7 d# Q
Symbolic Public Acts. ^1 j7 ^1 [+ [. ~, q: u& I
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors3 N9 {& U3 [ @# f
19. Wearing of symbols! A( R9 L) A D7 k* n4 K$ C
20. Prayer and worship
$ d; ?+ N5 b: w0 T2 H6 ?" T4 x2 l 21. Delivering symbolic objects
; D M# p4 Y' `( J0 A. i6 p# {( L 22. Protest disrobings
5 L1 B y W, Y5 L: u4 b8 ~ 23. Destruction of own property2 I, \& x I! t( q
24. Symbolic lights. H6 Y+ N8 H2 A% ^
25. Displays of portraits9 o e0 S5 P2 i! H' g9 [. _
26. Paint as protest
% I8 h: ^+ q. b- I 27. New signs and names
* D a3 \; C$ R; i8 Q 28. Symbolic sounds
2 i9 I3 x3 l- P3 @7 r# b2 e 29. Symbolic reclamations
* z6 Z/ L8 M. m/ y6 t( r! }" r. l 30. Rude gestures8 z) {0 V* x( P8 t
/ H. R/ X: U& B2 G' G
Pressures on Individuals
6 Z0 A+ q! m( q 31. “Haunting” officials
& F/ n! }2 {3 W7 j8 z. s- {, l7 _ 32. Taunting officials
0 Q9 c) ]# O1 Z 33. Fraternization
" V' U, G" d# I8 ?, p 34. Vigils' i, L2 @' r: C* D1 H4 j
8 A: K L# z( V0 K! N( ~7 v% oDrama and Music
- E& \! f7 i6 p 35. Humorous skits and pranks' Q E+ E- m9 b: i* K; E
36. Performances of plays and music& N5 v$ V1 @% M5 q
37. Singing$ k' B) R( d/ n
. {. z% P* U' J* s& XProcessions; g. n9 O1 A/ x! k7 \: c# i
38. Marches
( `, l! V, X- y' ]$ i0 I 39. Parades
: N6 a% D% _$ U' i; Z! E8 ^ 40. Religious processions
5 P& O7 N* e& E6 U1 S! s# F1 E 41. Pilgrimages6 }1 {: ~& `- r6 D
42. Motorcades, C9 u; `+ W; M" X; e' T- [* ^( {
- T1 A M/ \. F+ f
Honoring the Dead5 T. p# V) ] c3 }" \: n
43. Political mourning7 E p6 I+ j+ e: f0 j
44. Mock funerals) k4 A: i/ o! C1 S9 Q0 d4 D
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ v# _8 w- a% s. D 46. Homage at burial places
: E9 \7 s3 f( X2 E
, Z( e1 r) p0 ^Public Assemblies2 } C4 d& h0 u
47. Assemblies of protest or support$ a" @; N- a7 i6 k; l, H1 j
48. Protest meetings6 y5 B0 r' C) M8 `
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 z, A6 T) e2 ^' p! m) ^: w, M
50. Teach-ins* A! d, ?0 [0 ]+ V! w8 l8 w( s$ P" b
" ~( e2 Y/ t8 i9 K" FWithdrawal and Renunciation2 c5 @9 a: K7 j& f% o# C* ~* o
51. Walk-outs" Z/ a4 e! H6 P" H% `
52. Silence
; W: r$ n5 z8 i- I5 q 53. Renouncing honors2 F$ X+ `$ B. h* u# K# f. T
54. Turning one’s back2 {. U# J9 |; b0 V2 u) u& J3 [! d
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6 Q" E: B& Y0 \+ w& E2 X2 L2 j$ H9 m( E, v
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 \* }1 G2 q$ _7 U( o( b4 w9 B
' d) V6 K4 f7 R1 N% R, T 4 I2 Q; U2 N9 l: c
& [7 n$ W Z. w4 g5 qOstracism of Persons6 m" W' d k: G! J* u, D
55. Social boycott
K) H1 d# X6 J0 F Z9 b$ N) R 56. Selective social boycott
# ^9 o" i6 @- ]; \- f) C5 J 57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ |" o- q6 H& b- h& g 58. Excommunication! ^7 s b( Y/ c, ?
59. Interdict
( v2 b* d& w( d- ^8 t- S r1 [. E; L) d M6 ~
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; c$ l6 z- v$ A- k' v2 z
60. Suspension of social and sports activities ?# c- W7 f7 K( o# N I$ J- `
61. Boycott of social affairs8 V# a- r! R0 I) q0 ~
62. Student strike" |) M) p' J; M( H
63. Social disobedience! S0 l% |# c- A
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) _+ a* J1 V7 ~% X7 d" L I
4 G3 B/ l5 V. V( S) s0 l
Withdrawal from the Social System4 v; p; p, X1 r) J6 o
65. Stay-at-home
% [; \, Y: _9 v6 f w, D: n- V: ` 66. Total personal noncooperation& G% l8 f4 b9 p' w" q
67. “Flight” of workers
u/ J/ a( s; P9 c9 z, s2 n 68. Sanctuary
, [! D9 @6 F. e* _5 a+ ] [ 69. Collective disappearance
: G" e5 K& [; v: N 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# U+ Y, U% p R6 i
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" |) L7 Y# p! f3 ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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0 Z0 c& r/ N3 L* C+ U* yActions by Consumers
9 `2 R) t3 ~3 n7 ] 71. Consumers’ boycott
. V$ R4 B' D7 D2 E 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 k; Q. W& C4 f" {
73. Policy of austerity
6 z" v8 V% @& D 74. Rent withholding0 R4 t6 c' }8 C7 m- Y! g7 f
75. Refusal to rent6 p; ^/ @/ }: v) |3 D. A
76. National consumers’ boycott! X T. ^* q7 g2 @3 D3 x |" f$ i
77. International consumers’ boycott/ \. L$ Q' y4 ~) r' m3 \
* \! {+ E7 X( G: a" L' W- ]
Action by Workers and Producers) t7 a' A7 M0 @8 B/ e) l! P
78. Workmen’s boycott
5 G: H8 h' \. y L# F& t: G. v 79. Producers’ boycott
; C1 h. f3 G4 h2 m( ~" t' f* `5 {0 J% z0 K( h, t
Action by Middlemen$ u" K# z' d. \% {9 O& i" ~# C
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 k- T5 E! \4 T8 _) d1 m- u# V
8 o8 u+ {% h7 \+ DAction by Owners and Management
, P) B- x& u! E/ |6 ` 81. Traders’ boycott
2 O: `8 w. D' T( W& ? 82. Refusal to let or sell property0 |( v5 y* E. n& D
83. Lockout" f7 l* ?4 |9 g6 E2 f
84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 [; r; a6 w: I, @$ h$ L2 i
85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ F2 K/ q7 \3 ~3 K1 m, D4 y+ P
& ]& e9 @5 f- h4 C( a) {" Y/ W1 F+ ~Action by Holders of Financial Resources) t5 v3 M0 ?" _) ^* T
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 J+ `7 C; @8 z: K7 X 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( H0 E" r+ t! W' c3 F3 m; o 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! U% `% I0 b+ r 89. Severance of funds and credit
5 x* f' p. p- w1 N0 Z; f9 n2 ^ 90. Revenue refusal
& T1 k8 }& i" e 91. Refusal of a government’s money: [1 M( l& l$ ?( e, w h
9 h: X' V( E( u1 O. M9 l
Action by Governments
" i7 C0 u0 O! p) S 92. Domestic embargo' A) y" s6 z7 Z5 z8 I8 P
93. Blacklisting of traders
" ~$ S& }6 [" O8 [5 {9 v2 E6 E3 P 94. International sellers’ embargo
" Y( ^$ t: f( R4 {1 N9 }6 M 95. International buyers’ embargo
' w8 c. Y* n: g2 }8 ] 96. International trade embargo8 G5 Y+ B) J# w
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+ |- d6 h0 A$ {# BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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2 }* Q5 C3 x7 f8 pSymbolic Strikes4 ]% `! J# H1 }: u' Y7 Q
97. Protest strike
( m4 d- Y0 m$ F. q6 t) J. ] 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): F. O9 s1 ]( S- ^ Z9 r. X
# x L0 E& W) u" GAgricultural Strikes
' X; a' r4 G" x) I 99. Peasant strike# }& B$ b" ` c( k4 }, ]: P w8 @( n
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ \5 Z8 s/ f6 M& w! b# r
" w4 D+ r$ z1 OStrikes by Special Groups2 M' a- {0 V8 p6 F8 u. [9 P
101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ o% O" u% B- C 102. Prisoners’ strike
0 N+ X0 W6 @: |$ w 103. Craft strike" }4 u; \4 D; m7 m1 ?# m( M
104. Professional strike; c+ s9 v$ v) Y8 V& z: J
* x* N1 o7 Q' C; m$ y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
: _$ R P6 O E/ ` H 105. Establishment strike& h% Q1 x) b0 C* C3 Q
106. Industry strike k7 H- O8 S9 B& p% n
107. Sympathetic strike
9 U! }( [& b% a* `. |" x6 X# `$ ?1 {, ~) D0 \* n4 _% J( a- g
Restricted Strikes% R* G! l" Q5 f0 p; W! E+ K
108. Detailed strike) {- f5 T1 ~4 c5 P" g
109. Bumper strike
# i t, s. Z! J/ `8 |7 ? 110. Slowdown strike6 e4 z9 |3 o7 b7 ]% p
111. Working-to-rule strike% C& V3 }( x1 W& z: d9 R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. G2 d" f+ r! n; @* { 113. Strike by resignation" F! Y0 H) ~9 m( i$ B3 a
114. Limited strike
; b5 t+ a; A$ Q" p! S" q$ h 115. Selective strike5 f4 X. `7 U9 ^6 Q, i$ s
8 Y- c* A' M8 t( K" n0 d$ Y
Multi-Industry Strikes0 _& }9 w5 `, E- c* b' E% V7 D
$ q& J! Y( { N1 z: Q6 S
116. Generalized strike
' f6 I3 o- `1 Y. }; G9 G
# }* q8 T& P: t 117. General strike+ c! `7 C1 Z5 g2 R
- c9 V. m( {6 Y: T4 dCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ r# [& z. u; K4 j
$ |4 ]/ L+ C' d, |& d: @ 118. Hartal- ^& H9 o' b# A5 ~
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119. Economic shutdown
0 f; H6 N Z, G1 v& z! B) e6 P4 n- E6 G3 m+ I1 _8 @" h
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' V8 V: K1 Y* b! v6 L4 L
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 _ j0 }$ r+ |
Rejection of Authority
5 e) r3 Y( b1 p% `. h6 [2 x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ V% e0 K6 i- E6 b/ J# P- K 121. Refusal of public support
2 n- B' F. D. U$ y 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ r* ]/ g8 D1 g6 A
1 A( C% a" O" B, pCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government- Z9 _6 D; ^ \" C; ~+ w! w& h; H
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( W8 H. g4 J+ `* y3 y6 k. D( w8 u 124. Boycott of elections, o$ w$ z: G& S. f
125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 E3 Z1 p5 H# N/ W+ c$ j- J
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* K; ~# |9 `7 m+ h+ r; ] 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 K% t! V: E8 Y8 H: s5 c+ k 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 D. E7 ~ M+ U; S/ P/ I/ ]5 b
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. K1 s- }0 K( N+ ` s% }$ E0 k# Y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# t! N+ T# M: t% n$ p4 Y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* Q8 _) h) N6 |- q' L 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 K2 J7 V A3 ?" b8 A. B
# Z8 \4 {% d5 E5 u# x. P8 Q lCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# t( e) ~' a1 L6 q0 q 133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 \9 n8 j8 t% c9 t. C# R# D! p0 `
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 c% {$ c- T$ r1 y 135. Popular nonobedience( V S* H% }) I
136. Disguised disobedience1 N3 W% B/ D; i) {
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 O" F, M7 {7 m, j9 O6 H0 Q+ z 138. Sitdown
. x& M5 h- l+ D' v _( n 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 j6 `- C/ F; E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 Y2 b F8 @+ e; P { 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! I& U1 q3 E. T; [" p8 |5 ]
: S: g+ \4 w, w2 d4 a8 E
Action by Government Personnel$ E \# `, S" } l; P
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. F8 `' e( G6 x- a2 O( | 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
x9 ]1 |& `+ e; r& h ]7 m* P 144. Stalling and obstruction
% Q# J9 F# y" d, N7 v$ z9 A# {+ y 145. General administrative noncooperation5 c# ~* b1 D# a& g' T5 g* A
2 `- J$ O6 c5 X& G* f! g3 m) t
146. Judicial noncooperation
; k( J4 k- X" X) ~# A$ S- Z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
w( p/ C; V( K, B9 n 148. Mutiny
4 B# |( i% Z* YDomestic Governmental Action
) `# W5 [6 b4 h/ |( p# Y9 B 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* Y9 H% P0 v3 }
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; S0 h- k1 a- |
, a5 C$ u9 P4 O1 D/ n x1 B) t
International Governmental Action
; n* N( R4 T- C& _6 b: {& [/ `! d3 o/ u 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& o8 W. m- Z9 p% K9 T 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 W) \' M2 R& x# `! g7 s! b 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. s4 b h9 W# D4 y* l4 ~ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 i. G9 `& b d2 e% s4 a* ?( g1 s
155. Withdrawal from international organizations* w! P/ o" }$ T! S" Z
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ X* M' L' D, j+ L0 S8 o 157. Expulsion from international organizations6 L, K7 J8 t6 U9 _1 w! S3 R" c
& a5 n3 A) G6 M N! n, c, P g# C 9 U. S, ^! } G& f7 f& h g# E
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention/ I3 W) m0 m* y: w3 h; p9 p$ r
158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 j, H3 H8 @* k+ u( m 159. The fast
; _3 W% Y! u/ Q! }4 r a) Fast of moral pressure, u9 Z" N/ N4 h4 U7 V
b) Hunger strike, z' s2 [4 O2 E( t
c) Satyagrahic fast
, M; l+ v5 ^6 E 160. Reverse trial
J# o* ~& |4 ?2 y( b8 b. N 161. Nonviolent harassment
' O* L& f# S7 C+ c9 V5 [/ s1 g1 @/ [, e* U% b- ]( J4 A: N+ K* k, N. o, }
Physical Intervention
$ h5 G" I1 x6 l- S' \9 \6 W 162. Sit-in0 O: I( ~# A1 F4 h4 u! |+ x
163. Stand-in
3 H& |5 R& U0 u7 I+ X# M4 t T- P 164. Ride-in: v2 c2 e5 t% N- p! g K$ ^
165. Wade-in
8 {* L6 }- y: G: j! R8 P% o V 166. Mill-in
- v5 H& p; Z6 U" Q! \% |% }$ m 167. Pray-in
& i' {6 w- x0 X6 d, g 168. Nonviolent raids
- e, {4 N7 K% t: Q 169. Nonviolent air raids& J+ I4 `( m7 V3 e) b+ T
170. Nonviolent invasion% F% B: S" b ~, o/ E- G6 N
171. Nonviolent interjection8 d+ f& P9 t/ A) x
172. Nonviolent obstruction& y2 H( s- ~! T& a+ c3 U
173. Nonviolent occupation
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. J$ z4 b4 c& A+ s& L3 S. K; ySocial Intervention
" C" r) E, c- ?3 }7 Q 174. Establishing new social patterns4 C: j0 n [' V' T! p. K
175. Overloading of facilities
% Q X J; f7 k0 n5 X( x' t( ` 176. Stall-in
$ G. g; ~" ^* R' \& j& i8 A 177. Speak-in
" `4 i4 a5 ^+ M1 J2 R( V) n 178. Guerrilla theater
- l- ]2 l* e$ I2 r1 i2 u 179. Alternative social institutions2 d8 x1 T: V, `, V* [: @4 W0 a
180. Alternative communication system$ R2 Y7 l9 N& p' [3 m; E5 O
4 K6 U# G \% W" A8 u7 [
Economic Intervention
7 k# R! l6 k# ~- D 181. Reverse strike
* i# l% s3 N: m+ @# r, x 182. Stay-in strike" J2 W! i- \+ h- Y* D1 G1 i( a) r
183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 ^7 z2 \) H; r% A4 P 184. Defiance of blockades
- w8 y% l; j3 _9 A$ v) ?% x 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 l, d6 z8 n& u/ q# }
186. Preclusive purchasing
; a9 i, S% D" o' x6 s( P5 ~0 P 187. Seizure of assets1 F, k/ }# d. U) G, ^% x) I
188. Dumping
5 {: q Y; S+ p6 b 189. Selective patronage
+ H0 o' d1 F4 W7 X 190. Alternative markets
1 a& @1 [( ~* n+ H6 _ 191. Alternative transportation systems+ C6 i: V' M4 G1 \' s4 Z( }5 `0 h, l
192. Alternative economic institutions
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1 ?0 ]( u; b# [" S2 J( gPolitical Intervention
: w4 ^2 t9 n8 B5 C% w 193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ h1 t, R5 Q- |! g7 K# V$ h 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, I$ h' o: Y! e' _" b1 r( m 195. Seeking imprisonment
+ k; K4 i; n$ ?1 q- i6 O$ \8 b 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% Q4 K% l( Q' A* u* K' W7 V! s
197. Work-on without collaboration' @. p& p3 n- o, H6 h
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
