 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 Z7 v8 T" C( C w5 D
Formal Statements
) O6 ?+ x& K# @/ g4 p1 t/ n/ [( ] Z 1. Public Speeches
; V5 j$ g. l9 `, o 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ X b) D7 R N% t1 R 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. C8 g) H5 T, a+ c& B 4. Signed public statements, O% i& b. B1 N- r& V
5. Declarations of indictment and intention" U; l1 r8 B7 r
6. Group or mass petitions* s" m$ r/ n1 L
1 s3 X" g9 k; B0 G& E- A8 ~
Communications with a Wider Audience! R" ~8 ^' v7 Z" ? f' L$ K8 H
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 `/ I0 Q* G0 q) G 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
K, G B+ @8 X% T7 k 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 z! D0 J. I- @6 `; ` 10. Newspapers and journals
. a Z% \ ?- H2 V 11. Records, radio, and television9 j! w' n1 J( N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting& ]$ n3 O; y. N; `
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Group Representations
3 x( q9 o( k$ ^+ Z3 |( R8 @* f8 h 13. Deputations4 R4 R% N6 }* t% g! C j. N
14. Mock awards
0 o5 U5 _! T) u1 A3 S 15. Group lobbying
3 e2 U- V, H+ }; r. F 16. Picketing$ j/ Z% w$ C- P* K7 ]1 k' G
17. Mock elections- M) r# n- j2 h8 M& p: Y) L
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Symbolic Public Acts7 b$ n+ J( |. @& M# t
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ {! t2 c6 h$ W. t { 19. Wearing of symbols
8 ?+ @. p, z- o+ c: m4 F: t 20. Prayer and worship
: R( f2 \& J5 q' f+ _ {9 B5 k 21. Delivering symbolic objects6 f: W! b$ ^ p2 m
22. Protest disrobings5 ^/ c0 I1 l# }/ v/ z
23. Destruction of own property
% j% x% Q4 G- R 24. Symbolic lights
- O7 T' I# m" o! r, P7 L 25. Displays of portraits( o* c! ]* u% y' A4 A+ k
26. Paint as protest
1 k( k7 \7 |( |0 q9 P: Z" i3 C 27. New signs and names; R1 a e6 Y, }. C( N* z
28. Symbolic sounds/ q5 K, @# R: T$ c2 c) h6 q; s$ x* \
29. Symbolic reclamations3 @$ L7 d4 S, ]$ N
30. Rude gestures6 O7 W+ U% P8 C) d3 s1 P' K
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Pressures on Individuals
# {! t; A) @/ x2 C% P1 o 31. “Haunting” officials
1 P q& k2 n9 } 32. Taunting officials
. K( v6 ~. M' a6 ^, }2 u 33. Fraternization
3 ?& o. U9 H9 S0 }1 F p! y/ i9 h 34. Vigils
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Drama and Music
' U6 B" i4 L) h! H7 c 35. Humorous skits and pranks
# b d3 a0 i9 D0 E" d 36. Performances of plays and music2 p! _& P5 k8 C; ~
37. Singing
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0 B# B4 b, J9 ^4 B2 gProcessions
% |3 v; o% w' A% D5 T& Q 38. Marches6 }& h0 X) e; _& h% h+ T
39. Parades4 V! t; J5 f5 r2 w$ U
40. Religious processions d# m9 ?; J4 S: `6 ]2 c+ Y9 V5 q
41. Pilgrimages+ z: L( s3 @* r$ @+ ?/ k; v2 P
42. Motorcades
+ ~- [3 ^, f$ S2 ]) E0 b; B; X# d% d Y& n8 X
Honoring the Dead
0 J0 j& b* L4 T) q } 43. Political mourning& p G/ d6 v, E4 B: Z
44. Mock funerals
, U h5 o. w4 t; c 45. Demonstrative funerals0 Z5 O: K. q/ U7 L
46. Homage at burial places9 I% v5 x8 M# ^8 z! @( ^
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Public Assemblies1 x2 t) ?# K" P' j
47. Assemblies of protest or support
. {, q ?0 q7 N 48. Protest meetings
- [( [0 r# e3 t( x 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ b* T. @5 a( \6 [% B" m
50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation
+ b) ~1 f( v' D# `( b9 `7 R" ~ 51. Walk-outs
- k: O! F! y$ x/ U 52. Silence
* z) i; M( v. P! U 53. Renouncing honors E% x7 r8 f6 v" p k
54. Turning one’s back
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0 a& n. g4 K5 {9 T% g! mTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 U$ Z5 g3 o0 i! {' F9 \$ P+ {
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Ostracism of Persons- V( D$ g2 B' S' Q- t
55. Social boycott: |7 |! i$ e* U# v
56. Selective social boycott
. S% ^5 Q" `; o9 S F 57. Lysistratic nonaction+ X l: c* P) m0 s( Q& a; ~0 ^
58. Excommunication6 _ o* |: _& E, b2 @9 B3 R
59. Interdict
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, ~$ _: r' g! ZNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, N7 K2 A9 E- J+ b7 g
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
* b2 {# }4 l9 w 61. Boycott of social affairs
: q4 v: Y( e7 p' n* B/ } 62. Student strike5 S/ H' B0 q) C
63. Social disobedience
1 \2 a6 [0 Q- P# r9 W3 ~+ ~ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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( k0 n" s9 f' L. }7 @. Y* `2 bWithdrawal from the Social System
; H+ f! A) F1 f" Q$ V! _/ @4 M 65. Stay-at-home ~1 r# @- }% A
66. Total personal noncooperation
4 _6 J' A& g4 o9 S$ R3 J 67. “Flight” of workers! o3 ~$ a; t1 ~. L, Q [2 _1 P
68. Sanctuary
4 j H' w1 Q" b 69. Collective disappearance7 n8 h6 x) @$ R7 |* K M
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 e$ ^+ ]1 c! A& ?
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
; i6 q) p1 _5 {, s5 y f 71. Consumers’ boycott* V+ I/ H# X* G% @. D5 y# e( ]8 a9 R4 {
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods z4 v. T1 N) u/ S
73. Policy of austerity8 |- z4 K3 ]* n4 ^
74. Rent withholding I) o- J( C1 k8 O7 D5 \8 ]
75. Refusal to rent
8 r' j5 p; x) |; V 76. National consumers’ boycott
3 y# ^: W' P5 L7 c. D/ n& ]: c- I3 T 77. International consumers’ boycott
: I" x# K' p- h# S, g2 `& S
- T+ \6 a1 N0 }3 _- I, \: `0 PAction by Workers and Producers
5 `+ a( S" {) K 78. Workmen’s boycott$ y- t0 Y# @6 R$ `
79. Producers’ boycott
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: \, x: O2 _$ XAction by Middlemen. ]* w! E3 F5 d8 k% V
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- O$ P2 t) ~7 g2 X
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Action by Owners and Management
1 z: ~( Q) Y" B 81. Traders’ boycott. q/ U# |7 [# n: b1 V. I
82. Refusal to let or sell property
, ]; @. `0 A; S 83. Lockout2 W" O. `; O3 k) c" S" b" X
84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 p4 O7 F3 V# d3 c' f
85. Merchants’ “general strike”- }+ x7 d) W+ x7 A' z) V$ l
8 z9 p; B7 ^. z$ Q) w+ o" D+ O
Action by Holders of Financial Resources/ u7 Q& c3 M/ [1 E
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) F+ K+ r9 x" L" M 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; o1 n) ~& u* o7 E, O 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 L' o& A% B, V* m5 X
89. Severance of funds and credit
3 _) k/ |& |2 p$ O* x 90. Revenue refusal
9 u8 v$ {7 f" I; c! w) b 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments- m7 @% V: W3 I' k
92. Domestic embargo2 k& F7 h$ R3 s2 C
93. Blacklisting of traders
* d5 W$ {. K1 l G9 |! c7 ?# J8 P 94. International sellers’ embargo, E( X3 y: |2 u& R4 G, c9 s
95. International buyers’ embargo
! T; J; ]% M9 H) T1 A& g 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE/ K( s# e8 J3 j8 p3 U1 t
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( E- Z& X. F& I* _8 ?9 n& T" WSymbolic Strikes
4 ~, e$ Z5 f6 @8 W 97. Protest strike
( z2 W$ R- t& \9 a) N 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 x& D! T* M7 Q, ~! S
0 m4 F! v, k5 H' r/ hAgricultural Strikes
$ O9 x2 \0 L$ E; Z 99. Peasant strike! G4 `* h' v6 v
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 ?+ j5 [$ ?0 \& E2 V& d: f7 D
, W! `1 w1 Z& b% {! }1 RStrikes by Special Groups- i8 t1 ~/ ]8 Y- z3 K9 q3 Q. ^
101. Refusal of impressed labor5 q, ?) A4 O/ R2 B' O- z
102. Prisoners’ strike
! P, f; E0 b" P; g9 q; R 103. Craft strike6 |$ I0 G/ s; g; R" G" W0 ?* E
104. Professional strike
8 `. A& i0 C' \$ F$ ]/ H S2 v% z# Q
$ y* }# U' w3 zOrdinary Industrial Strikes
' i1 q& U8 Q' n- |; B3 Y$ c6 o 105. Establishment strike
. J# |8 C) ~* d. T: R 106. Industry strike
6 l0 F, s& u9 p& [; A 107. Sympathetic strike
1 P3 u. g: [+ {. \- s5 X+ v. W9 L8 t& I3 ]; O; o$ x8 v3 D
Restricted Strikes) f$ P G1 @% j8 C* Z
108. Detailed strike
" g) L: a/ |( `5 A/ t 109. Bumper strike
( r& I% T+ a9 } 110. Slowdown strike
# U4 n! D: N" j# K) T8 B4 g: N, [1 { 111. Working-to-rule strike
5 n. E$ I$ K. @$ v5 q% E 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 B" }* A! w$ a
113. Strike by resignation
& |3 K: G2 [; A 114. Limited strike& A0 J: x- @9 q8 T5 s g+ T
115. Selective strike
. J2 p3 o5 X* v3 O: i: b
: K0 y, X/ n7 mMulti-Industry Strikes) S1 p4 a1 A- {+ j% H
# Y+ \4 R. K; h" B1 Q/ K 116. Generalized strike' H, I0 m- L( F
& u7 V3 N9 K5 t1 v 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal/ n3 K! L- A, K+ l
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119. Economic shutdown
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8 u6 T) X% s7 i2 W7 H. r) r @0 {THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 h0 G( ?- X2 `- a) j9 B/ ]- z
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! [5 d- E3 x9 \8 G- p2 P4 l Z- xRejection of Authority _% l% e5 ]* x g1 n; E
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 m$ N3 C6 |# N) Z/ K) q5 f
121. Refusal of public support& X5 [4 V1 F* S. y" ?, h
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 \9 ]) c N/ w, i# {' W" |& @( L* w: S$ S) w% c. ?
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 e. @+ R8 Z+ l% r( W
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 |/ B& [* F: |% N$ }$ s 124. Boycott of elections5 A( ^$ R) S( o2 S; r8 E3 l
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" n$ }# F: E0 x z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 L: c! F$ C: m/ T, b0 V1 T
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) l& G4 E* N9 v# L4 h+ g' K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; W! ~( S o- B
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( S% L% d9 s/ s 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
' l. F! F$ V" B N 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 z! ]# ~+ Y3 o; O/ q7 z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( o7 `* Z8 V. N) c/ H 133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ Q, Y$ N% T! a0 i& }; |7 y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 _' Z2 E3 R7 O. ^! E Z( {
135. Popular nonobedience
4 O- d- r# w& c, v0 E 136. Disguised disobedience2 l6 M2 M5 A* ?# X
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
- e( g" L4 m' n 138. Sitdown! J' h2 b0 v" ~3 i! c: c8 o
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, v7 @* y1 x0 K1 k& f8 P 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
{8 J6 w( w+ l6 N, b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. F+ V+ M$ F. t) G( y, T; M( n+ e9 z) B
Action by Government Personnel
; i) V, R! C+ H; H 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: ^: u# j+ g2 t z- I- ~0 b. B3 ?: U 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
7 G! i1 j8 ?; G' V D' L' C2 V 144. Stalling and obstruction! c( f/ |/ I" A% ?
145. General administrative noncooperation- y2 ^4 z4 X3 a
4 U/ ] [" i6 x# {; g+ z$ x
146. Judicial noncooperation
% h1 P! p; S' a! S5 p$ i* W 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) ^9 s2 z7 w1 N5 f. l3 g! b
148. Mutiny
9 i. w- m& |; S( F6 FDomestic Governmental Action `4 t1 W4 u* u" Y8 o( T
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 A$ R& s9 w4 k" ]0 e% x
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 M- k; I$ O! I: j
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International Governmental Action! @; i, h" r/ i: e8 p" e
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, E _" [& b- M3 r; R. b 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- k0 {* R4 w& B' l0 |# F
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& g2 W _. K% _4 y4 t& o 154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 c" r3 Z( L' H
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* X; A: ^( e/ i7 u) S 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 O* L& K7 l5 M* D3 b" g 157. Expulsion from international organizations2 f, ] |9 m8 h- n0 |) E8 o
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
$ f1 J! }( S# d 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( i" g0 v/ Q" s6 V$ D 159. The fast
1 l6 B; Y5 g; ?. y- X5 ] a) Fast of moral pressure1 j) \0 O# c# |( s+ {8 r% U
b) Hunger strike
- M/ W) O2 k. J$ F$ {4 e c) Satyagrahic fast6 ?4 U6 k" ]9 [" {
160. Reverse trial8 f4 M& T$ j* ?' j! T4 F
161. Nonviolent harassment
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2 i7 G! e; D: ?( LPhysical Intervention
9 n' g7 n$ q3 s' T" c. H1 ^ 162. Sit-in
2 [0 @$ O5 u* j- {& Q3 O( ?3 d 163. Stand-in, ?& x# D% Q F% V
164. Ride-in9 ]& H6 Y+ j/ z0 {
165. Wade-in4 x6 o$ P5 s& t% b$ k- e+ x+ k
166. Mill-in
9 ~* r$ F7 V9 |8 {' ~ 167. Pray-in
* ^! d W1 k$ f! q" M _ 168. Nonviolent raids/ g C/ c5 x/ f
169. Nonviolent air raids
: c* F+ W' J# U3 q$ c, S 170. Nonviolent invasion
- i0 b, i3 r! ~+ G 171. Nonviolent interjection
3 b/ _- t6 x! F7 V# u& | 172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ X K2 q- ~0 L4 Y8 R 173. Nonviolent occupation! ?# z. H$ Q7 Y! S
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Social Intervention7 a% A* M5 P5 N' |
174. Establishing new social patterns
, t- D, {7 Z' s1 y7 R 175. Overloading of facilities
1 b! P6 {/ `! t; P5 u& }! s 176. Stall-in; h" N7 H1 y6 C/ V) k7 S
177. Speak-in% O& D7 ~$ n3 y
178. Guerrilla theater I( @) x) Z- X% _# L: j7 H
179. Alternative social institutions
, l6 |; L: }; ^2 d9 C$ z8 Y5 A 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
. \# V' _1 r2 Y# e 181. Reverse strike
8 d- r+ n; |: b# `/ P 182. Stay-in strike
9 ?: b1 ~4 ]8 u5 ~9 c6 d: U Z+ d 183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 m' m4 f. y+ }- @% j% I5 Z 184. Defiance of blockades. @) k9 N# J. w. P
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: L) n: {3 K4 w# c9 O7 z) K
186. Preclusive purchasing
% g9 o0 f5 l1 e% n) v 187. Seizure of assets) Q. ~+ ~# |& k/ n i/ m% L4 q6 t
188. Dumping# o0 ]7 {8 `: f; R3 m
189. Selective patronage8 |& \- I! r, \5 _7 e+ j; ^
190. Alternative markets! v6 ^; A+ e1 J2 H- G
191. Alternative transportation systems/ B T6 }' h3 B; g) E; @0 X2 X+ y
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention( a8 _5 g9 P' x. X/ c+ s
193. Overloading of administrative systems9 o Z7 q$ W$ d
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" ]& }2 q; c K# A8 b1 i 195. Seeking imprisonment
b( Y I6 K3 i, Q1 W 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 i3 q9 m. A) S# q6 x
197. Work-on without collaboration
( {5 v8 Z6 W8 _6 G6 V O 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, i5 b6 d6 \3 K9 N3 n& d
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
