 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION% K5 e+ E# U1 p
Formal Statements
+ K( ^+ Y s: Z) ?4 U 1. Public Speeches
$ l4 @( F; y' S0 [, e+ O) p) Q 2. Letters of opposition or support
2 ~5 X6 ^# s: B$ {2 s1 \- r, c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 \6 b6 v, V ^7 B2 Z$ M* ]# L 4. Signed public statements
# P2 J( [) u2 u2 Z0 o; f 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# T/ t! \- E3 D 6. Group or mass petitions
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+ z$ K4 r1 l5 b# [ d+ R- u# k& A# vCommunications with a Wider Audience
N) |$ p- g- {6 } 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ p: |8 s* I" k2 d7 s% n
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' Y, K/ X" g9 ^+ o2 y) v
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 D: L8 l/ \& G( y( z2 k
10. Newspapers and journals
0 n A5 q u% \# d 11. Records, radio, and television
# e j& m. K+ n- a( C# t, ~1 n/ I 12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 v( d& Y6 I/ S! F; e- H
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Group Representations
5 \8 N* Q5 I4 @: Q: H% s8 k: }3 w 13. Deputations4 Y7 a1 [9 H! u' E1 e9 }
14. Mock awards
4 ^$ ~. W+ F% K7 j9 T9 D 15. Group lobbying
6 ^/ e, O: b7 ?* T. d 16. Picketing1 [: N" v( H1 E. w
17. Mock elections p% r: |: C7 C$ J* `4 F
9 D, G+ W9 x! X: M5 qSymbolic Public Acts- J5 g' e9 h3 z7 P6 a
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: [5 c8 B2 _6 n! f+ ?6 l1 q
19. Wearing of symbols
0 ?0 x7 Z5 i5 p; j+ B3 `: D/ Y 20. Prayer and worship
( l% _1 w6 z; C. `+ G- b0 V3 x- l( S 21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 H) p6 ]' U. ]! e, w4 f0 U 22. Protest disrobings
1 F/ v n- e* a" k1 J, G" g! L x 23. Destruction of own property$ H; {+ i* _% D- J7 r
24. Symbolic lights4 G h; s- d5 j0 o7 {6 T# N1 O
25. Displays of portraits4 `% v# C) l& r+ G8 Q# z5 P1 A
26. Paint as protest
3 r* E7 H# k1 S: \" o 27. New signs and names8 I2 u% c4 Z' \ p
28. Symbolic sounds
+ e# N7 ?1 h0 e7 D2 b" D 29. Symbolic reclamations* S* g+ ?; _$ d* i0 J
30. Rude gestures2 l* t$ M/ r* _% \" g+ o
5 Q; N. z5 ?9 @* b8 F
Pressures on Individuals
* D% v- c0 ]$ q8 \% G# ~ 31. “Haunting” officials
3 j- \2 a ~1 C* o N 32. Taunting officials
0 N( `# L: G) R0 y" N$ p5 p: E 33. Fraternization
0 c* x E, A) [) n- U* w 34. Vigils
~3 g; N& P) T( O# E+ ~3 P1 X; s T4 a/ p+ J" M
Drama and Music
9 E8 E+ Z4 ]* v+ |0 m( ` 35. Humorous skits and pranks6 C1 u+ r {' B7 `
36. Performances of plays and music
/ u3 Q% ?0 [' w: j9 i4 J% @ 37. Singing5 }$ q; n/ P/ [3 `
^8 }7 }" c5 V2 y% ?3 ?& E/ W1 ZProcessions" W+ r% H& F" J' w. [
38. Marches8 _) m ?1 C( n3 I' m2 u! y/ _8 u/ [) v
39. Parades: M" ~9 d, S6 T
40. Religious processions
+ B: V; k1 N$ y- v. Y' z$ W$ l5 r 41. Pilgrimages
- Y9 U: H$ x7 X+ y 42. Motorcades
: {2 z& L* u$ T1 W
: q# i! [- O# G3 ]6 T/ T* F0 k7 [6 VHonoring the Dead/ z, D* Z: R7 n- Y; c& a
43. Political mourning" Q- ^8 S1 `0 U+ k& f$ m4 D8 z2 I1 j
44. Mock funerals: k' T: F# C* `% R: f+ [6 G9 X
45. Demonstrative funerals: H) S, y6 ?/ L2 u/ \, W
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies: J7 @4 M+ U3 {
47. Assemblies of protest or support
* t* n( C. y K ~- x 48. Protest meetings
- b$ L3 S7 [ J, e2 ~ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ L, p; l- o2 O K
50. Teach-ins- d& d( j' Z; d9 l! x
2 }' ]' o8 M$ e3 C. K$ K% R% l7 ~Withdrawal and Renunciation
2 g1 }( Y' O1 }% Q) E: e 51. Walk-outs6 h# a O- f/ p; f
52. Silence
% L* ^2 Q# S# |7 x$ M f 53. Renouncing honors
8 B: L1 ?# }3 e! e! ^- A 54. Turning one’s back& ~. w! a7 `5 l: `- I" H) \+ H
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons& F- Q$ Z) g# r# y6 W8 }9 l. u
55. Social boycott
( T- X. ^$ I, R! y. i- p+ Y 56. Selective social boycott
( g6 V) s# n2 m# f. ~ 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 j9 |5 @. { U$ z! e% L
58. Excommunication& Q v r% ~2 ~6 t5 y) i r% |
59. Interdict2 c& r2 X; u7 s( {
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! a0 h4 P1 m1 x e+ ?4 T3 ]. b ~
60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ M% D" b1 A& a5 k# p% R" a& u
61. Boycott of social affairs
4 a$ z. u* ^; \$ H) C' q: P/ @ 62. Student strike. \% N* e4 E# ]( b8 I% Z5 `0 W
63. Social disobedience
; _4 N& h; u3 S/ \ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System5 e4 {$ m0 w0 M- u' e: ]' f
65. Stay-at-home1 r4 P: y) f; q$ L6 K# g
66. Total personal noncooperation; }: ^; b: }* r. w& `2 x, z/ k
67. “Flight” of workers. k$ G- _. r" n$ E. l) W! d
68. Sanctuary! t5 x% k7 {5 [; m" B; a* H) u
69. Collective disappearance
/ g; ?% l1 ?* R+ ~3 j! \ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ S; m' u2 \' }2 L" ?& A6 K
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# \, p! l( T3 J% B3 MTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers9 t9 f) D* L: D* I
71. Consumers’ boycott3 w1 j- d% Y/ [
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: m) x% z7 ^: o% n* N
73. Policy of austerity
. l0 U) {* S" B$ W' ?0 q 74. Rent withholding. Y- E; y" Y8 P; f! [; d
75. Refusal to rent" b8 Q6 g9 U0 _7 r; g% s
76. National consumers’ boycott
# B8 W' I, } P, d* A 77. International consumers’ boycott' Y( D% W9 y" Q0 s$ U
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Action by Workers and Producers
6 H' e9 `& ~2 }# ^: `. ^ 78. Workmen’s boycott/ ^# S( K) c* O% G% F! `
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen
4 z# ] _/ M5 d9 U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 _4 T' b& ]! d* [$ N
/ j. B5 T' K* D" DAction by Owners and Management7 | h8 }& H* t2 v3 T: A9 l6 P# i
81. Traders’ boycott
3 ?3 J$ [, }; X5 Q! A, f 82. Refusal to let or sell property
* M# V& f4 h! U7 |" B5 n r 83. Lockout3 K1 c& f" U# A5 F3 f& h
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ h" b$ J, Q! V 85. Merchants’ “general strike” N" J, U$ w; s) ]
+ a4 t1 _, x Y9 T6 a: Y6 VAction by Holders of Financial Resources# [: G$ o* P4 n
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( m& o! J7 O/ t 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ b$ J# r2 t+ U1 E, P5 o2 v# ~
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; |1 P# r2 b7 C5 N }3 t& V. b6 K 89. Severance of funds and credit
F3 k% h) J' Z" o' A& Q w8 t( J 90. Revenue refusal& r" _* m/ Q5 d4 i/ e
91. Refusal of a government’s money8 C. K# `3 B3 i/ q- i. q
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Action by Governments' b5 g: z9 Y" |* F6 p
92. Domestic embargo
4 t9 y, i0 m v1 r" ?' I" s+ w) ` 93. Blacklisting of traders5 `. C' l- `# J9 y6 a* B' B
94. International sellers’ embargo+ h. E, f7 }+ L! P% ]5 [1 W
95. International buyers’ embargo
; n5 R9 o5 o) ?6 U1 T% A% @+ P) @1 } 96. International trade embargo5 G( }4 V1 V6 v( \; S
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I! V* S6 L* ]2 O" \/ A9 u8 aTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE) ^0 u$ _4 g% i' C3 X6 k
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# y* x1 g' _3 j/ vSymbolic Strikes
9 G/ s7 ]( u2 \0 u5 Q, R 97. Protest strike5 V9 }& G: }* ?" ~
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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$ Z9 \5 m$ E) E, DAgricultural Strikes! H8 T; M4 t, j& T3 a$ k' p& U
99. Peasant strike u/ b# K6 }9 S# z% ]
100. Farm Workers’ strike
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0 c! ?* B9 N0 _9 q% @5 _4 rStrikes by Special Groups' G0 c6 u6 B, ]
101. Refusal of impressed labor" w$ S6 h9 g1 g# h1 \+ E) m9 ^
102. Prisoners’ strike( @3 E5 O" a$ P
103. Craft strike% m4 R+ }( S8 x- m5 K# w. i8 D& L6 L
104. Professional strike0 i2 Y: _- F# d7 t# m& ?
4 |/ r+ C* _3 A$ `! ~
Ordinary Industrial Strikes S: Z( o3 C! q- a4 T
105. Establishment strike
7 C( V. W' O: ]" W# _ 106. Industry strike
7 z5 A* r6 {) ?5 l# ]& [$ B. o 107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes, X- \, ^& k/ f% N7 E: ?% S! g: ?
108. Detailed strike
" }+ `( Q$ q7 ^/ |2 L9 T+ j 109. Bumper strike
c: Z" n! a- [& j8 c 110. Slowdown strike, q! B8 N4 X( j1 o$ J
111. Working-to-rule strike
3 j+ t/ g' k' X1 ]! K6 C) O9 S1 ^( a 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ h7 K; ]: j5 b) {/ d
113. Strike by resignation
% K# O3 h2 [2 N r4 p/ @ 114. Limited strike7 f, X# q7 b8 h0 i+ d5 o6 B
115. Selective strike
, S/ T( X+ p X
! g) o( P/ Z# S- h3 WMulti-Industry Strikes
4 `9 ^" Y; H# `8 M6 a5 R6 W/ S) ^( {5 w8 v7 S* A4 a
116. Generalized strike, X( V" l4 ^1 h& x" [
2 N- N& I b# l/ O 117. General strike" A7 ~; Z; j7 _* @5 _7 J
6 U3 @, d; c/ w& w d8 Q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. D$ U6 u; U8 ]+ ~* u5 P: Q
4 ~# b! g$ G i% w u1 R 118. Hartal% D2 r) f/ H- |+ l
9 H% J( ^, R+ G" Z6 l" A8 k( Z 119. Economic shutdown
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! S3 u. F0 ~- L" u' G; ^+ o& d6 nTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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" @6 Z6 j( K! x/ Q" iRejection of Authority
% O( s# {$ u* U; j; q/ G. M3 @ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 [0 g' B$ l8 h3 E 121. Refusal of public support$ |- [/ I( [. V: z% F6 Z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 y D+ C0 c7 _ _7 ~
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 U' }- J4 G- C
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 }, [; S5 C4 P; ~3 ? 124. Boycott of elections
8 W: Q1 l; d4 y4 u. H 125. Boycott of government employment and positions( f* x U: [# a7 c- o+ E/ }" |
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, m4 B8 }; B* |* A9 L2 v J
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ \# u" }* U- k$ @
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ q% Y9 ` O! o/ ^
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 |3 S- R3 v4 B3 o0 d* m0 l) A 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! Z- }$ X3 x/ Y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 q5 A/ U. z4 G; @9 K j
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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! w7 P2 O' n; _- k3 o' b% LCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 H8 ?3 m$ S/ o! U
133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 K' f5 [' e- U/ I0 ^- P% F
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ A7 P: C; x9 a! a. q) @
135. Popular nonobedience3 [0 L6 c. G' r3 Y, J% t& `) f1 o \
136. Disguised disobedience+ h7 E% @0 B5 Q# m/ m: `5 C
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
0 _" R" d, F% z' {0 O. S! Q8 n5 ^ 138. Sitdown) N. r% Q/ D$ X/ Z4 ` n, O
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! N% g% a1 a* { 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) ~9 ^5 ~5 Y/ V% _4 E) Y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel
8 v3 }% n2 N1 e 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ ~8 S0 X; V0 y& U' [ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 J0 W4 V$ `1 P' V% r- ]" V
144. Stalling and obstruction! s& R/ r& A% S
145. General administrative noncooperation
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% k6 z1 j$ C( |* J" z. R; B 146. Judicial noncooperation: R9 Y0 H1 P- G! u0 }: Z3 H
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents8 q( k) T) l. t) J- v7 Q P0 G
148. Mutiny
1 G7 [) ]$ c% T, f$ f' u9 GDomestic Governmental Action% u% j' I w$ m3 p& N
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays3 R, T8 b1 L O1 U/ i
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& s' ]. c- v8 X' S9 d
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International Governmental Action0 `% b* h' E+ d4 W0 c
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 T5 ?+ H' f. p. m9 ~$ B) C
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 Q4 [7 p; P2 X8 \# h/ P& x
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' M. \7 ~# I1 a 154. Severance of diplomatic relations- N5 e, u! v6 A
155. Withdrawal from international organizations( [4 _) ?" U$ h k" \
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ N& O' P- z! n: `* V1 P% g9 D/ I
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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& l! A* Y" X/ ?/ H8 c0 w5 U& s' tTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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3 F4 H# V: U- P& f# @4 mPsychological Intervention6 V3 O% T9 l& e& _4 ?
158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 G9 }% w, F: x$ E6 E: w1 Q 159. The fast
5 |$ F" H' ]( F a) Fast of moral pressure
% _8 _8 d: N2 S8 Q/ D4 z b) Hunger strike! s: S. S& K8 M, X5 P
c) Satyagrahic fast8 h% c( x5 f+ d# ?7 f+ j1 a$ R3 e1 o f
160. Reverse trial# X9 t# j; c! n% }& a4 E
161. Nonviolent harassment
4 I) q" g" o1 k" q
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, w8 o/ I3 X# H2 v) g' p2 n 162. Sit-in" u0 n) ]% ~- a& e8 o! i
163. Stand-in
" {3 c2 V' C8 u: ?+ _1 Y2 W+ r 164. Ride-in( m' K/ m9 T$ R- K9 {1 M) Z
165. Wade-in6 ^% E% ]8 U* w9 ?8 W2 R& G
166. Mill-in
! R% u0 l0 V9 L$ v& r* a* z4 U; |6 ` 167. Pray-in) Q! g" L+ W$ a7 Q6 k
168. Nonviolent raids
4 D) k( p5 F! Y) } 169. Nonviolent air raids. ?" t$ r/ q% a' i" ~5 j
170. Nonviolent invasion) X# _" c+ x) y6 P. j
171. Nonviolent interjection
/ w1 d6 C2 M6 G- P 172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 o8 J8 h9 |! E- }- n, I 173. Nonviolent occupation! L5 V' b' J& S3 J
$ {: f; z9 N- f$ M+ w$ k/ sSocial Intervention
- r2 E$ G% |! @& t0 m ^ 174. Establishing new social patterns
$ m+ I% V% a% B! c 175. Overloading of facilities
4 x6 t S6 U c2 _ 176. Stall-in
7 p& ?7 P# d" g: m7 b) ?6 H7 D 177. Speak-in
3 Y7 X, `& p5 C; K5 O 178. Guerrilla theater
( a* R% v$ T3 z$ ?# X- m0 K 179. Alternative social institutions& z; w9 T/ P- K. R+ p
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention4 S) F4 T+ m8 n9 y) ^& k' _
181. Reverse strike z1 _7 p7 S) X Z9 S2 f1 Q7 x
182. Stay-in strike( }5 F" v2 z W W
183. Nonviolent land seizure$ Q, @4 k/ t$ J) X) c7 D( \+ S
184. Defiance of blockades
0 Y, i# |- T) I: _2 c: W- ~2 Y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 L9 l8 f) r/ w. X4 q 186. Preclusive purchasing
+ |7 p6 h; N% f: d7 w' N 187. Seizure of assets
3 P1 V. O. M/ C, k+ c 188. Dumping
& A1 @' S: i; ~, B. Z6 U* Q7 L 189. Selective patronage
E6 z7 V& a) T ] 190. Alternative markets
' |! m9 U( `2 D6 |) T, T/ _ 191. Alternative transportation systems f5 j$ L; T8 [* e0 h' r Z
192. Alternative economic institutions
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% C% N0 K2 T$ I: BPolitical Intervention6 f$ r4 Q7 r8 [. R9 G/ X2 j
193. Overloading of administrative systems: p! h* u5 D/ O1 n% ?3 C* \0 o
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
+ m* v# k$ L: v! P! \ 195. Seeking imprisonment
, K' |% Z6 Q ]5 E3 m: J: ] 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
6 s* C2 N; n5 ^+ r1 e& F2 S3 Y 197. Work-on without collaboration5 i& `# G. r" P+ f: S
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government- O6 I( O- E. u) W5 v
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
