 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 P3 `# d, y& Y& V9 N
Formal Statements
9 X; p% M9 W' o3 N* [+ u# g" o: c 1. Public Speeches
9 W. b# c" M' f* Q 2. Letters of opposition or support5 P5 g. A& K* u6 n
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
d% W0 j3 H* I9 u/ E3 _ 4. Signed public statements
2 R& Q* {- n- Q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( B% m! T' C; P( U* U, z 6. Group or mass petitions% `7 E, w0 l( e# ]
1 F6 O' `) _2 m, n2 MCommunications with a Wider Audience
: E2 n4 F7 D f& q5 i& ?9 I1 _ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols8 e& I3 s% H0 G a$ h
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; u: p1 F7 @* ]) a% \# q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 c3 w/ k/ w7 x# h1 y
10. Newspapers and journals
. h1 s0 r7 Y) G' M/ h+ k' N+ f 11. Records, radio, and television
/ }; j( k! k9 d" V 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ c0 ~8 w6 ^; P; j+ V; A) `9 S4 y9 \8 z1 u! Q
Group Representations$ p& c3 f' M) o6 E# c% t- n
13. Deputations# L2 E8 j% E3 V, ?9 O/ \
14. Mock awards
) C$ P/ l) `/ _! k% y 15. Group lobbying; j4 m+ A* G' i" F+ Q+ }
16. Picketing
8 Y9 |' @& u: | 17. Mock elections
" l% I1 C# T7 j" Q8 P) ^0 F5 Z6 Q8 H8 G3 x
Symbolic Public Acts1 [9 |& l% D, V, ^5 c' }9 C6 ^" [& t
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) J$ B* r9 X: G3 i8 {( A
19. Wearing of symbols
2 A, S+ N0 i( O 20. Prayer and worship, [6 A3 \8 \1 u+ M4 @( p
21. Delivering symbolic objects
: q* r4 z0 i3 g, [. x! g% K# n 22. Protest disrobings
8 X7 N1 I$ v8 G+ l: m& @0 s 23. Destruction of own property
' V: [) o: r0 z' `& N' z 24. Symbolic lights) @: V, K4 u$ b! k4 P! n, I
25. Displays of portraits# s. {. x" v. W P5 [6 }
26. Paint as protest
- F( Z! E" r& l: M4 r8 \ 27. New signs and names7 y$ I3 B. p/ r$ z Y3 q8 |
28. Symbolic sounds+ J8 D8 ]+ U8 f3 p/ J- J
29. Symbolic reclamations- J. P; D) { w _ _& t7 U
30. Rude gestures+ \4 J/ l: z/ b! d+ }8 x
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Pressures on Individuals
# C; I( x' j, c 31. “Haunting” officials9 V' y3 t" ^1 ], F& q
32. Taunting officials
/ E c0 d' Z( }. T; C 33. Fraternization
8 n, U' M/ V( d3 ` 34. Vigils
( L( |7 f* H, n
. P. @* E0 b: G9 r- ~2 k A8 A$ aDrama and Music& k2 \9 y' Y. s: [& x8 _9 {6 g
35. Humorous skits and pranks' L: f$ g. n' @2 D
36. Performances of plays and music! O2 N3 P% k% A* O- q
37. Singing
. C' j. I$ t+ i+ `- |2 k0 X3 y6 W: p. G7 n
Processions& r; e' M, t/ z$ b( j: _9 @# P+ ~: |
38. Marches
* z+ o2 [3 M/ S; @ 39. Parades
! Z3 y# z! L6 Z3 l8 f. q! P 40. Religious processions( ~! G8 v9 D& V" Q/ w" V
41. Pilgrimages& N# N Y6 A5 a! }8 `- m9 s5 d
42. Motorcades! a4 E1 _! s' l- u
% ^5 g7 X: }. W# D
Honoring the Dead8 A7 c. f8 L Z# ~6 b: q
43. Political mourning m5 i, e# C" H0 n
44. Mock funerals7 K0 j0 b0 [' @
45. Demonstrative funerals
. G# f" q0 H& a# i% n6 _ 46. Homage at burial places
3 ~6 H4 v4 p( e
! U9 |( Q3 U, D: HPublic Assemblies
8 t4 v6 ^# F- w! }: u 47. Assemblies of protest or support
# \0 e# f' y8 t' } 48. Protest meetings
* v; o i/ |1 S 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 o( R$ j$ J, p& @
50. Teach-ins
( n2 n2 \( o! {. b- v- J: k; C4 x2 z- @6 }
Withdrawal and Renunciation5 `- x. t. d" o4 Y8 r' V
51. Walk-outs
, m3 ?- R# C8 u, t. O U$ ` 52. Silence3 L" c9 ^2 I/ c$ o+ ?% W
53. Renouncing honors( i, K7 i% F: l& {1 w+ L
54. Turning one’s back
! `' Y6 W+ b$ n) k7 n
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$ j8 x' I6 _2 f! d; f) R% N" |7 R g4 o" b" D* L) X
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ k" U$ Q7 |9 v6 SOstracism of Persons% G" N! K8 L0 s N' z6 p$ h
55. Social boycott# [+ L5 ~% t$ m+ s: r* `
56. Selective social boycott- {9 u. O7 E. @' a6 n
57. Lysistratic nonaction0 M3 j. c# V- w9 T7 Y* C8 [ ^
58. Excommunication
2 q& @* O$ T/ W% v- a3 Z 59. Interdict; d' {9 \! i! q7 B; v
5 J0 E% n; q0 _/ `3 H/ c1 e
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* q5 l/ O: M1 \2 G9 ?8 u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 }% g4 F( K% m: ^& X 61. Boycott of social affairs: U' C& p/ X' @; D/ g! O0 H" r- \, U5 z
62. Student strike
$ N: P; N( {, ]0 i) D ?8 D/ _ 63. Social disobedience
& Y9 l+ Y ~& B) s2 l$ H9 K8 a 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
3 T1 ~9 z: p, Z `+ |
4 E K3 m' x9 U$ |6 D. |0 E8 PWithdrawal from the Social System
3 T, j( n" t5 C 65. Stay-at-home
' z2 X! s8 i" I* `" V+ ^0 m 66. Total personal noncooperation
6 V2 O% v7 b; P& C6 |" |* u 67. “Flight” of workers& e/ J) V5 C2 {8 A8 b# R
68. Sanctuary
' Z7 h6 {" `5 m" ]% t' Q 69. Collective disappearance
( A! B: m( c- a0 y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)7 p2 o% x; G7 b4 x: \
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3 i8 C! \9 q7 v' k- `4 v: x2 T3 H) qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
- U! o- D' H0 N8 t1 C! u4 R 71. Consumers’ boycott
7 t# N: c/ G, F0 B |* @ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: T; P- L, b$ v, c- M- i! y 73. Policy of austerity' V1 Z$ V+ k4 x) l! K8 ?) e
74. Rent withholding, y+ }5 X- ~2 t. b; u
75. Refusal to rent
& j! H4 f# q1 d" L5 q6 N- _5 A 76. National consumers’ boycott( M( h ]' l; n. z# u. y* n
77. International consumers’ boycott/ \/ W( i# ~# c2 D3 |4 x! o
0 q/ {& O7 D5 T g0 N# v% qAction by Workers and Producers
: z# Y" h) J0 U/ [- [ 78. Workmen’s boycott+ k5 n. F" q3 e1 t- o b j/ W p
79. Producers’ boycott/ N! z. d. j: K, [& w# t# {
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Action by Middlemen+ T0 u2 Z# M1 v4 U
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
/ N. M- G, j9 t* ]' U& J 81. Traders’ boycott
' L: h# l6 R$ g, j 82. Refusal to let or sell property9 ]' @& r- u( V+ w4 K- S2 [
83. Lockout
7 [( _1 B! a3 q& S4 g0 I. |! g2 k 84. Refusal of industrial assistance: Z1 `/ y6 b' W, h
85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 ~6 @" `' `( W
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources3 g9 Z; C9 Y2 n; \( W+ X
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; _* R% K& ?* e) r: R6 b
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& S* _2 \4 v) x( \/ w' n" r 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 Z# c( _6 ]7 Y% `1 ]. r# G! d# A
89. Severance of funds and credit+ n0 Q7 v, h% @" n) Z# C
90. Revenue refusal" ~' m: Y( b' K: y
91. Refusal of a government’s money/ D% J p! o t5 r, s4 w
2 x4 v1 ^1 ~4 y' X
Action by Governments" V5 Q: T- i% a6 _5 M
92. Domestic embargo
6 V) ^0 Q4 z Z" K1 Z- ^ 93. Blacklisting of traders! m5 p& y$ i, x
94. International sellers’ embargo* H, p, j2 r6 H1 q0 N% ?1 X
95. International buyers’ embargo
/ W; t7 G3 V) y. _: S d$ g 96. International trade embargo, V( ]; s7 @6 @/ H) P
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$ F x7 B( Q; ~# j4 HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 H: i* J9 o4 h6 v! U
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3 _1 O! i$ y1 S5 eSymbolic Strikes+ }" N; W2 L5 c: F3 t8 J
97. Protest strike( R& i$ [2 T. u0 x# n2 v+ W9 j
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# m5 c: ]% E7 ?# [* K% r
( P% P. @) M: tAgricultural Strikes
" x! O2 D" |- J( }( r7 x+ h 99. Peasant strike, r# }* _! A. _( G/ Q# W
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 c7 X8 B- k$ a9 L: ]6 n- B% n
$ w9 V6 l& E% L5 R; }9 R3 K
Strikes by Special Groups
5 j' Z7 r5 V6 W+ i9 ? 101. Refusal of impressed labor" B. f N2 e8 H9 v1 ?2 T9 ?
102. Prisoners’ strike) n" S" l, R, U% o5 i5 X
103. Craft strike
) [0 g/ H7 v6 s, k/ Y% X" l$ |- O 104. Professional strike4 R# H. d8 |8 j1 c. K' [
7 d" B- \ ^. ^Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ f- a$ Z$ H7 u( c' }
105. Establishment strike
: D7 a; C/ J, B0 \5 i0 C 106. Industry strike% f# i ~& V: \& N1 L. @& H5 t
107. Sympathetic strike
3 A! V. s# c3 A* A4 p' f
4 V) ]) _5 \/ v. LRestricted Strikes
# u) z+ ^) ?' ~4 }9 ^& m 108. Detailed strike+ _5 j8 p2 I- i' D
109. Bumper strike0 n \0 `. b4 |
110. Slowdown strike
$ V% h* Z4 Z; S1 \ W, u: \6 c% O 111. Working-to-rule strike' o8 w1 H t* F+ Q, W( D8 m
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
( I+ J' r( B/ x0 l2 T# O 113. Strike by resignation: j( A/ x3 n0 Y# p
114. Limited strike4 R5 @" j- j' q9 }9 Q- s
115. Selective strike
! L" E+ ?/ s5 l/ c: C1 ~; |2 V, V O; j8 @
Multi-Industry Strikes, x8 J0 L8 U1 V; x! ]0 u
4 [4 y8 [6 p2 x. R
116. Generalized strike( f% C0 s' m s- e
, T i8 Q+ v, \, [+ \& V0 r 117. General strike$ _* i) h0 O3 N# A8 W
4 D5 i+ B' n+ B, e
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ _1 a K4 ^1 t9 i9 Z
3 P' A3 F8 s- K9 q0 Z/ f2 B 118. Hartal3 V/ |! S% o8 d
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119. Economic shutdown
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. K5 }! n' P" v9 }! {THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority9 z# R% O' m( V z# m! @( O4 r
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( i u9 R$ I! u$ n: t, l L
121. Refusal of public support
A3 r; z6 T+ @2 ~ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
e8 ~- G7 `+ k: a- V4 \9 e* m$ ?4 b- J8 c; @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government% T* R" H! K2 w7 {) \9 }! \
123. Boycott of legislative bodies# c: t- W {$ B& K3 T ?
124. Boycott of elections
* j& k, G' Q' ^6 m& o 125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 a2 z; n$ S7 U. z/ r
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( m( c5 y7 H4 f, m, b" g6 U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 k) {- O$ V! c6 f! H$ y( q 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" R0 E5 N+ V; q: B- H) k) h 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 A$ o; Q/ s0 v 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- U0 K6 n) a7 a7 C' Y: @/ {( n 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 J! ~ Y, G" N3 j
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions1 m$ I' @$ a) w: b
- K5 r! t ]9 `* w% RCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 J7 h9 ?& i! G
133. Reluctant and slow compliance* p# S- L4 B1 m5 ^" j
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 [3 d7 l. Y0 e: D ]& u
135. Popular nonobedience6 G9 X# m* L! `' v+ g
136. Disguised disobedience& K8 m, O! t5 e
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse& `$ m( n" g8 z' F+ B6 i
138. Sitdown
7 c3 N; c8 h+ i3 R& h 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* |# j: ~+ Z/ e% ~5 f
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 X& _+ @% e) u2 j% } 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# Q L" ?/ e9 P5 j6 `+ {: A. s6 i/ h8 q. \# |) p4 U
Action by Government Personnel4 h! [1 N; H& d) k- J8 T1 V1 x. ~4 s! ?
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. z8 P9 ]# o" v+ [/ Y4 `1 Y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 I3 p1 l4 P* I6 H6 k& x 144. Stalling and obstruction! p4 J# p6 `( r
145. General administrative noncooperation
: L$ \, t$ q2 A5 P& I, \$ p; f
# P. o$ [( u$ ` 146. Judicial noncooperation3 u& F' R' k$ N
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents+ k4 w* a' p" W% `, J! \8 h
148. Mutiny
- d* k$ y1 _7 D1 `/ c: d" n) KDomestic Governmental Action9 W* g7 x5 y" Z' W
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays4 \8 {% r# J: U: T4 @
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ m' R& E3 I4 X+ {2 L% ?4 l/ h O$ N2 | { a' g# V5 M9 {& J' B- m
International Governmental Action; `& r1 r" q. ^" X
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' c9 [1 Q1 u0 k( g. E, M
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* U' n2 ^+ T# X7 X- M/ c 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; Z$ u* s3 }: X8 t! S 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 Q: n3 S6 ]2 ]& S/ `
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 F: r. \ v; T( u1 {3 X: ^ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
: J6 X9 q& W; p* @ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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+ `) Z+ A1 Y% hPsychological Intervention7 M! t7 W6 q& B u# \- m
158. Self-exposure to the elements& q$ q5 O9 a% {
159. The fast
- @, x+ u0 b+ z( h5 K& Z; Z a) Fast of moral pressure+ I. r4 q3 U1 ]% B7 o% t2 ]' A
b) Hunger strike
* `8 g) H7 Y( W1 h+ P c) Satyagrahic fast
0 x7 f& v, c' @/ F 160. Reverse trial
) d9 u& b3 j9 \- u0 I 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention4 f& d6 U# o# b
162. Sit-in9 q5 x# E7 U. N; k' E/ @0 D
163. Stand-in8 T3 I, d* j/ o( F' y& ~6 h
164. Ride-in/ K u0 X6 Y: p, u
165. Wade-in+ f) y6 L* ?/ t6 i- Q3 v
166. Mill-in
) S- l9 h' q2 K( { 167. Pray-in
& K. }! e# F8 m' V3 q+ e2 P, g 168. Nonviolent raids1 a; K4 g" j8 X% M
169. Nonviolent air raids$ Q# u. R R! ^7 \, N8 V' M
170. Nonviolent invasion
+ f3 h6 t D, G5 R 171. Nonviolent interjection2 |' U( ~' q/ \3 `/ j" B- }8 p
172. Nonviolent obstruction3 F+ F0 w) g9 i g
173. Nonviolent occupation. |; d l% C. |( p; h/ Q
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Social Intervention
( p: y f) p5 `2 b5 N9 S& w9 L% U: A 174. Establishing new social patterns4 v( E; z$ I( @% u* F. o
175. Overloading of facilities
0 H! q5 i {# f8 b' F. w D 176. Stall-in
& q* B3 D/ J; r1 c0 R% w 177. Speak-in6 Q0 S+ H" K8 g- E7 ~
178. Guerrilla theater
8 H) ^% x; z9 ~% j% Z 179. Alternative social institutions
# I" m/ F2 c n6 h" z0 b/ s; {/ _ 180. Alternative communication system8 U: R0 U' j- d# R' p0 a
5 E' V- G! Y$ ?! d
Economic Intervention
- E9 G3 }5 x7 O4 f& R/ C0 _ 181. Reverse strike r- y$ m: q1 q
182. Stay-in strike
# d% s1 _# |* o) d& ? 183. Nonviolent land seizure% W' l$ d; M$ E3 d
184. Defiance of blockades }; u6 f: h W2 P, f
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 f2 n, e$ o# Y
186. Preclusive purchasing
% a- N: K* U# z% j6 O2 L7 C- L 187. Seizure of assets
% Q! M3 h; Z; F 188. Dumping
: h; k, H2 ]9 l$ N" j Y7 O 189. Selective patronage
* e- A. N- x7 R/ K 190. Alternative markets
. i& W' P! B2 s/ Z# x 191. Alternative transportation systems+ Q; o* s+ h2 O0 |
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention; E6 ^/ } P2 w) _# N- K: R
193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 y. v A* t( t. n& o 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents m D, B2 m! i9 \# J9 k6 M. b, U
195. Seeking imprisonment
' d5 y/ ?+ _9 z2 {! \9 U# v 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws J9 ?" s1 {* |0 p2 g$ p
197. Work-on without collaboration+ @( Z$ g5 t6 `9 N" E
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
