 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' }- A! d x+ a& B$ N5 A) \6 G3 J
Formal Statements
x: H: X$ \! Z) x 1. Public Speeches7 u# A$ h0 S$ G
2. Letters of opposition or support; h7 b+ }( Y% m
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 l. z8 E. M8 E% w% }; d4 J' ^3 w 4. Signed public statements! ]# k( j9 ^! |# ?+ ]0 r: D9 l e
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
" Z; n2 A' K) P( d0 ? 6. Group or mass petitions) l! Z& m& w, y! K
* X2 r4 {6 Q' u' P1 r0 D
Communications with a Wider Audience
" ?0 @7 v" W% `3 O' H6 B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ D! q. P7 e; m. f
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 X! ~* `4 r' R
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books- R' _/ e& B, _3 x& h0 Y$ O
10. Newspapers and journals
) S3 I2 J9 L2 U4 L4 C. B) Z 11. Records, radio, and television! T8 X0 ~, R+ H
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" X* {) c% E1 r3 t. m. @$ \ ~
) b' B* w! ]- B2 I1 fGroup Representations
V) _3 _) `( V# K, @: Z3 @) y8 p 13. Deputations
. d' k: s4 y- \$ `1 Y( Y+ ? 14. Mock awards
3 C$ _6 p' B% w9 S$ e4 O# k" D 15. Group lobbying
% r0 p" j1 X% Y. q# V( [ 16. Picketing
! n/ I2 f7 h- ], n' [( F 17. Mock elections+ l- V# i: j0 _: x: z
; K M1 u9 G3 H+ i0 w! H, z1 [Symbolic Public Acts& m, O8 A+ J4 u, u# a" H
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( g) P& y* Z, d8 W5 k+ T1 e1 @
19. Wearing of symbols) \2 p, D+ b. ^# K# n* C8 X
20. Prayer and worship6 G! \" Q' B" I( X7 O
21. Delivering symbolic objects: k" Z1 K9 G' R# }# [
22. Protest disrobings' Q9 T1 C' V& X
23. Destruction of own property o( ~( S* y/ j
24. Symbolic lights+ g+ [2 ]2 n/ S o Y1 q% M
25. Displays of portraits) ~) j; B( Q# j$ ]/ c& J
26. Paint as protest
, S4 c( n* k$ t+ h; w! | 27. New signs and names) M8 v3 I7 @8 V6 ?" l' Y+ l
28. Symbolic sounds4 l+ K$ _1 K6 |' K
29. Symbolic reclamations
6 Y; j: e1 S/ k0 |/ x' D& m% v 30. Rude gestures3 m! F- y: H" h' h# _- a
6 Y" Y2 L- V1 G+ V3 M! u! N
Pressures on Individuals
8 \6 X/ g8 | [5 z/ ^5 V 31. “Haunting” officials
' q! J3 @7 [, Q0 c9 K( b* K 32. Taunting officials
% K; K2 o/ y: b) i! I. i 33. Fraternization
# [; F0 ~. a1 ^; D( [' I 34. Vigils
2 h1 L3 d9 t/ c
8 ?" N& w6 a6 `1 jDrama and Music
* ` r; M% V5 r 35. Humorous skits and pranks1 A' T) @! [$ ?/ F# O$ t4 G$ f
36. Performances of plays and music& E) g, S6 \9 \/ |: S8 O3 T
37. Singing2 a$ p. o. n: X$ _! }
( `8 B1 H& D9 r! R1 b% F' q. l% {8 ~
Processions
0 N2 Z' g( n" K: A7 g* ` 38. Marches, |( Q* p& |/ i9 t
39. Parades
/ D1 G9 ?0 U1 o# L* l 40. Religious processions
' e1 o' ]0 J/ D" ~7 R) R 41. Pilgrimages+ u2 ]0 j) S% n$ x& s: b5 P' y
42. Motorcades% R7 w- Z) y3 t8 H! ?
, b. x4 @9 T2 B6 u+ t) VHonoring the Dead$ e2 u( `! l( r1 v
43. Political mourning
0 }+ @" x0 v1 t4 G5 x5 j+ f 44. Mock funerals
; v+ D0 t2 U a T 45. Demonstrative funerals8 Z) ^ }' V+ c" r7 D) K; s* r
46. Homage at burial places; \# x% X+ p9 `$ t
) L2 V' C& `0 G# ^9 WPublic Assemblies
) C0 T4 p- U* u2 I1 e 47. Assemblies of protest or support
! Q9 i$ N$ N8 g- l4 D. E: ? 48. Protest meetings
- ^; \: b3 Q, m& b 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, o: m3 q3 @( g' `9 \1 } 50. Teach-ins' [, d0 v* H" b n
+ R% W: `% ^4 M' S8 o, k
Withdrawal and Renunciation3 X* [( F7 z! x" j) c! ~! ?% j
51. Walk-outs6 u8 V+ }& l. ~. |3 T5 ?
52. Silence" F, ~ \9 D3 n0 K: f j
53. Renouncing honors
% G4 v0 F4 s$ o2 S' f+ X% S4 i. C 54. Turning one’s back* q7 @! i' v: f$ F% w( t6 Z( S3 ?
: y9 z. k/ {( D' b ' J1 b! _- Q' [7 P, W
* ]0 D5 J, c5 w% R, s8 H* XTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) R8 p7 x! i( @: M1 }3 W! w- U* D2 b' y" f. n- c$ \8 ^
2 z, ?& l- K: [, I
X" P; @. S! [1 V- WOstracism of Persons; `- m: q% r- K$ r6 j; a
55. Social boycott
4 B: Z8 i4 x' ~$ _ 56. Selective social boycott3 e+ T6 a) h5 i' R6 _9 Z, d. n
57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 r I% N: _$ Z) M% q, m9 P 58. Excommunication
7 n Z; N- G" F, E2 F$ z 59. Interdict
- M0 E- O. K0 f" O% Y7 y3 f: l% w) E8 l7 ~
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions p# p( t1 B* Z4 @3 `
60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ |: Z# J1 i- A/ @/ A
61. Boycott of social affairs
0 o. E# D. E6 Z. x: e 62. Student strike) A7 _( b8 _% a8 x
63. Social disobedience
% r$ G& B8 m! O' z9 Z7 V 64. Withdrawal from social institutions1 D) ?+ x- O: n. P% d* T" _6 e( `
( y: ~$ d! r a" w7 _7 ^, O" p3 X
Withdrawal from the Social System8 }, Z8 Z) i. W1 B8 x
65. Stay-at-home
/ U! \( N, v6 f. q" P 66. Total personal noncooperation
. J3 y; I- }' L2 E3 s4 m0 k: ? 67. “Flight” of workers
( W7 ^0 J2 l: c/ l' \9 a! t9 O4 e 68. Sanctuary9 o& w/ q: e# T
69. Collective disappearance3 n f% u/ o, f5 i5 c: V) g
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 _4 c- P" J! B. Z1 k
/ d: [3 S2 Z' y) _) d/ x 6 s9 k& g8 [+ A! T! m* z3 w- s
5 L3 r+ @& W( M' Z/ V& Y( XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
# v8 G, ? b0 Z$ Q4 s' F5 y$ f# R+ k6 Z" c# ~! X
% G. E# g- Q- {& b2 l7 [# d
Actions by Consumers
7 O [; t5 l5 k) r' I 71. Consumers’ boycott
! L, S$ @( R( G S 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 i3 I1 p1 Q& n. t* g) u 73. Policy of austerity
, b; N6 C2 L) N/ \. Y 74. Rent withholding
A- v# Y' O. J+ `# d3 _2 S R4 I 75. Refusal to rent0 i0 J: ^8 ?+ A9 M3 X/ S, I; {
76. National consumers’ boycott
- e; H9 v. q8 }% I4 ?5 ` 77. International consumers’ boycott
2 h: w8 G( a5 R: Z/ _2 c: b# @0 i: e- o( L# s: u7 N
Action by Workers and Producers
0 k! A) B) f% r9 K 78. Workmen’s boycott
0 ]4 @5 B6 Y. G: k& p7 ~ 79. Producers’ boycott
2 t( U% @: Y+ ?2 n% Z% `) r7 S! A2 K: x+ |0 n( @2 h+ \
Action by Middlemen: J. P0 L$ G8 y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 i& o+ c, j4 _
) Z9 x+ j' }5 DAction by Owners and Management
% r6 f$ |7 e0 l- G7 b 81. Traders’ boycott
1 J8 ]4 K. {- V7 y 82. Refusal to let or sell property2 k9 w$ k% R3 @* h" f
83. Lockout8 _- A" x/ M# J
84. Refusal of industrial assistance" ]$ ?, E, t8 P: x
85. Merchants’ “general strike”' _. M) K. k M) S
6 Y1 s* ]0 g) L
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
' ]5 v; M9 L3 w4 j* R& l 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 V w; @' C5 c% J, _ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ w- p$ w8 [) {' u) U* M* B8 Z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, D" y- @8 J: R( C1 }
89. Severance of funds and credit
+ a- [; w% G' [ 90. Revenue refusal
- @; O' N: P1 h$ F% o 91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 b' c, G& U8 y. U1 {! g
' c; J* v$ ~# S: C7 K- ?* KAction by Governments
) U. c2 ]7 H# b# @& } 92. Domestic embargo
6 [: z7 {2 m- W0 Z; c* r 93. Blacklisting of traders; Z) c! e/ A$ w {- w6 z5 V
94. International sellers’ embargo" Y4 |* ?- A1 T. O8 Q
95. International buyers’ embargo/ E9 i7 q$ j8 n; h
96. International trade embargo; M1 ]4 w+ I( d% ~2 m8 `- U- F' a
1 b# c+ b% ~3 I$ G9 v& K
8 i% {# _0 V& g }) U. I. {* A. l' }! k8 ^ d* c5 A" i
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 f) ^9 q! U; t6 G
, O( M4 D$ Q: D
; [# \! L" Y, E0 ISymbolic Strikes6 L3 l5 N d" ^+ Q6 D
97. Protest strike1 x0 E7 T1 I& t' V9 b
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 @9 J2 N0 F v) J
. p. K: S+ Q9 c6 [Agricultural Strikes
% G6 u0 d/ c; w* D( S* S 99. Peasant strike( t U3 k: E) y0 X8 E& L
100. Farm Workers’ strike. T/ N6 W2 c% B& T
$ O5 T* O6 h1 t) e+ aStrikes by Special Groups, x* u6 a0 D: w& q( T
101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 O1 n1 |4 Y! ~( v 102. Prisoners’ strike: a2 Q2 U8 }7 G2 ~1 G
103. Craft strike
, y; g# w" \+ ^. j: W7 a" ^5 d 104. Professional strike
! Z1 {5 p9 ?, F3 B$ A
3 I9 ^# c6 e. k8 @. t9 p2 i: ROrdinary Industrial Strikes
: @8 Z: q& p/ z+ T! |; ` 105. Establishment strike
) I( q# \- j' d; d8 [* E- @- k 106. Industry strike
1 B6 [ A8 ]) Z2 U [ 107. Sympathetic strike" W3 Z# _9 ?5 o! m- K. v
' d6 i3 K. g! w j* ]Restricted Strikes
2 A" v* q/ @$ n) T 108. Detailed strike
0 o1 v C; S; S 109. Bumper strike
/ |9 J$ o3 C5 W1 n) d. i+ K1 H, H 110. Slowdown strike
! \1 v9 B& K2 ?6 d4 _ 111. Working-to-rule strike% m3 S" ^% n( U j
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
( P/ J- y& e ^ 113. Strike by resignation' _- s8 t7 m. c
114. Limited strike
, `- z! g9 f: N0 Y" E/ F/ {: P 115. Selective strike1 a0 ?0 r" I% Q
' Q# i; U( G/ i( k: E, S- d- LMulti-Industry Strikes5 z; k7 w4 @) L1 N
" F" t. ~. ?1 O 116. Generalized strike
0 B4 V0 {1 Y9 V: a0 m+ r7 W) A3 j$ C& Y# s
117. General strike; E2 y8 V+ h% F3 b2 A$ x
$ ]7 P% T) X4 }: {8 lCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 j& @. Q2 E) k4 }: ]4 |* N, M" w4 M s- b) ? D Z
118. Hartal
' o7 W; r6 o( f4 g% Z0 X! ?$ Q* z7 ]3 |, t6 S8 i
119. Economic shutdown
% ^' Z. x6 Z% Q( r5 @: w2 l7 K R( C) [
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: y5 [/ t* V$ u8 VTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
, [. Z: H# M2 Q9 l- f, l& X9 @* `% S! b' _4 J
/ X5 x, u6 U& N$ @; CRejection of Authority
* V4 ]" f6 ~8 |! |# g 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! u. t3 S- R1 G+ z, h: x# b0 n# g 121. Refusal of public support
7 d- e7 }1 X$ W 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# W( }+ i! H9 k) C! K
6 }1 ? { X$ u/ }# B- l+ D
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 m# F" j) f+ q R( B
123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 E. E3 E8 x- f* b$ U5 f
124. Boycott of elections! f8 i$ W' W O, u
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; v% `; n8 x9 f" i 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 I: V3 P' q, \- \
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* t% b+ U7 z. v
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 K( q7 U* A9 I3 Z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 O: R( d, O) s# L# Y- d6 w7 b 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! D$ L b6 P) F) n' T7 h 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* N3 S" @* y v3 t7 L6 c 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% ^/ ]. f% Q8 c3 W! D: {
9 V. }! I! g2 ~+ ~6 `Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 v/ y1 z( c2 _" s: Z/ v, u' ^ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ c c& X0 o. R$ X 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# w5 T0 v R, e2 q5 \' `( \6 S! e 135. Popular nonobedience
7 B5 x! T/ |: B 136. Disguised disobedience* m" ]9 s. u, c+ [$ g& i% T( y
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: [) l- m$ }; Z. W 138. Sitdown
) y7 s. U; L6 _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ L1 K: e& r" _ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& M! p- p0 O7 r5 M: w
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 C- |9 S. F0 ?% y: h0 x/ [/ Y y1 d4 i6 w- U5 `& P
Action by Government Personnel
& P, ]& |! A- U: i+ Y 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' ?7 c8 R2 |6 f; x$ b7 U- v$ P3 G 143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 U3 R4 ]. B$ M$ C2 `# U3 C
144. Stalling and obstruction
6 B: r+ {. i7 ` 145. General administrative noncooperation9 T! `1 n2 ]( x7 K6 ]. e2 x
* T: r% v$ Q0 H; |% g$ h( F7 } 146. Judicial noncooperation
/ c5 U1 V, `' j2 t 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
: o2 O0 f, @% T& K9 r3 \& S 148. Mutiny+ `, X6 ^# A; W4 ^1 l4 y
Domestic Governmental Action1 B2 J' R9 J1 |& z* o
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. p9 d/ I; m0 w& A; j 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# q" M) L# J5 E0 D, F: r. U
; \4 ^1 D8 O4 X4 A- Y+ FInternational Governmental Action1 O/ h; [6 N1 a: ]
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' X) |3 l0 B" T$ x( d1 G 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events" N+ `* p6 B) Q! u' K
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( b; B1 Y6 F; v
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ V. i% f" ?: Q" k* |4 C6 T2 W' m 155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ G! t( T; z. m6 R
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, c( r, \ c/ x4 ]: R2 B 157. Expulsion from international organizations; ^7 e( t2 ^/ i* F$ u9 d
1 ]' C) I0 S6 ?- a! `4 a) K
2 ^# g. K' J0 B0 ~. K
+ W2 d7 S' u. D h9 a- xTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 \( v4 U# W1 U4 g2 d
0 `% z! v' a8 V* @7 c9 n ) q+ w+ u1 |5 a' n: R/ W0 p9 d
Psychological Intervention
: V5 C @0 f5 t7 n2 {; r 158. Self-exposure to the elements2 x' R1 C$ j: f- C
159. The fast6 I/ A+ n O, N. \1 P- ?( m
a) Fast of moral pressure) g& }! W3 x% k0 } q5 B2 J( n
b) Hunger strike1 \. J/ ]; X g+ v7 B% ^- U' m5 w
c) Satyagrahic fast( I* w+ E9 ~* A3 p. j2 e: W
160. Reverse trial
a* |5 Z* g! A, r5 f/ U/ T# T 161. Nonviolent harassment
' l* r8 `7 o6 `% j' G. x+ L9 g2 B' L; K3 N
Physical Intervention# ~1 h0 W6 r4 j) H C0 p+ o+ c
162. Sit-in' p1 P% I- E$ a6 R( c( L4 T2 T& X
163. Stand-in
6 G" n/ G2 Z5 ~; \+ G( J# O 164. Ride-in
2 D: T' }, q& g# T/ \& h: s 165. Wade-in$ i& ?* j5 [: r
166. Mill-in
# `/ i; H( A2 ]4 \ 167. Pray-in
- W \5 {6 ^) [ 168. Nonviolent raids: u) T7 n: Z" }, U! s4 {
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 C$ J( Z0 F. { q* x) H+ ~8 Y 170. Nonviolent invasion
- n) e+ o3 X! V+ s+ D2 E, p 171. Nonviolent interjection
+ C7 N9 M7 F4 j) f 172. Nonviolent obstruction3 ]5 ^& z- l/ n! K# Y
173. Nonviolent occupation
- Q7 ?. m1 c: G1 T: q* W& e. v+ f1 O* C
% S* @; n% l5 ^7 PSocial Intervention
/ Z' k6 d4 ]( B9 V9 u9 M: ~ 174. Establishing new social patterns
2 l E4 O( m3 h$ z- r/ }8 z 175. Overloading of facilities
& g% D9 n5 a; Q2 p 176. Stall-in
( B: j6 e. O. x) M$ e 177. Speak-in
7 G* M' V$ F* B2 h' C# G 178. Guerrilla theater4 R- c' I/ r. {- U/ |5 G0 P
179. Alternative social institutions: N: r) z1 I5 d2 ?6 \/ l& ]
180. Alternative communication system9 R; y. J% [5 N. U5 r
2 n8 X" }1 h7 @7 F3 k- U: p: oEconomic Intervention0 W X3 g( ]9 w' t' U1 V
181. Reverse strike! a' u8 E; n' f3 m j
182. Stay-in strike
0 T, j/ J X7 r9 q 183. Nonviolent land seizure/ h8 n& |! J- V% R- g
184. Defiance of blockades$ ?/ J; n, j& k9 t4 w1 [
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; N& I/ I* u$ o3 ?# S
186. Preclusive purchasing
7 E8 e+ C, \% O w- @ 187. Seizure of assets
6 u/ h/ P' h2 [ 188. Dumping
4 e- l* H; t8 P% o/ r 189. Selective patronage
- x3 P( O0 `" |/ t/ R 190. Alternative markets) ^9 u9 t R6 Q6 r/ f6 n e
191. Alternative transportation systems
3 T2 r' d ?0 a( n9 ~5 m 192. Alternative economic institutions7 j: \7 @8 K$ y; U
4 Q8 A% h8 V+ L9 F
Political Intervention, g: I, K0 f" e8 u; | C
193. Overloading of administrative systems6 I) ^8 _, M& S% Y7 I& y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 c9 s- T7 }. I 195. Seeking imprisonment
. T% y0 G7 D9 Z3 x/ \& A, ] 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" u# y. C0 P3 w# ?# l8 L 197. Work-on without collaboration
6 U$ z0 E1 B1 j" _" t; z' k: g6 } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: @, z9 ^: N/ e8 J3 N2 Y, J" ]9 I
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
