 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 j7 T% q5 ?/ X9 c* B! t# L
Formal Statements: T. T; w9 _- m9 G& j& k; H
1. Public Speeches2 ^8 m+ j0 J" J' x6 s+ ?
2. Letters of opposition or support' V j+ {5 r# ?% {& P& D
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions5 L+ K7 W; @! A, Y. z% t8 h
4. Signed public statements* r, _& w" t8 W6 K; i8 Z6 F& ^
5. Declarations of indictment and intention" o2 s0 @! T/ O3 ~. r5 ]7 N7 a* O. `
6. Group or mass petitions
! [* U4 {2 u' f$ t% Z7 o9 X6 s$ \5 N, v+ T' l9 w
Communications with a Wider Audience; s2 N) T3 {" C8 E) V% g. R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
! D( f6 I }- _$ H/ N+ _ ` 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! b, K& E# E- f( g3 z0 Q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 Q3 `; F; i% u* x2 \
10. Newspapers and journals
2 b5 j0 H9 ?7 s; F3 D 11. Records, radio, and television' O4 F I" l) t, @7 S
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
5 q/ ~; A& W& y% {6 B4 x& P7 k. K) ?5 B8 G9 y, B8 G9 D& _
Group Representations1 d" C5 T/ J7 y
13. Deputations: R/ x$ d) f0 @* D
14. Mock awards
% n% R5 b' F# R 15. Group lobbying7 C; w, y0 S" S- Q( @5 C
16. Picketing
6 m' Q" _% j4 s# Z3 t 17. Mock elections
6 C4 g" a( j1 i. C$ L9 X/ @3 u3 T5 B( w( d1 k7 X# P
Symbolic Public Acts0 ]6 x9 l% e4 f& u+ H5 t' v
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 a4 l. H' `( s7 [
19. Wearing of symbols( P0 M8 }! V. ?9 U" e
20. Prayer and worship
/ o" z" w7 `& O4 e, D O 21. Delivering symbolic objects- |- u$ q. \ x' s2 R4 Y$ d
22. Protest disrobings( G' N8 N9 @9 H3 E, f
23. Destruction of own property
6 s6 U) b& G- x) `! A$ j6 j 24. Symbolic lights
& W9 @, n9 d% a2 V0 K4 E 25. Displays of portraits
# L; C' P- a) b 26. Paint as protest/ o8 L9 S. ~# [ U* b
27. New signs and names
+ k5 N* U( a% x+ d; z% g, @ 28. Symbolic sounds
$ C, w0 C: ?# Y) v, {* N E( \ 29. Symbolic reclamations
: k$ }9 d; D: ~0 F3 Z, o5 S6 [ 30. Rude gestures8 x1 h/ B/ F0 _ F# F5 X6 v9 o
. L& G: i! X, E2 @2 vPressures on Individuals& y: V4 w+ j( M4 Y3 ^
31. “Haunting” officials7 b8 g* f4 H; {2 t9 g/ c2 U* x( }8 |
32. Taunting officials8 C5 | ^' H6 u0 r
33. Fraternization; ~" l( u+ Z' k2 M% j# ^8 E# F3 r
34. Vigils
' ^+ m6 {6 i# r8 B& Z+ e9 x& Y o5 [8 H0 T: g
Drama and Music- ^' j! a% P6 Y7 l. x! c7 v) m
35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ c5 R) ^% s9 l4 I1 j, m! v 36. Performances of plays and music7 ]& A0 ` G" v( ?0 v6 V
37. Singing! {* Q; U4 L5 |3 u/ |
# |# d2 F2 M; O z6 n
Processions, h, ^) O; X9 s2 M) b; W
38. Marches5 H+ f% @- C o- {5 n
39. Parades
" e, ^7 ]! K, d; V2 r5 S 40. Religious processions
% u$ V* Q3 h% e- b& D- S8 s 41. Pilgrimages
# _: a1 c! _# r 42. Motorcades
4 \+ p0 }7 W& j8 q: t( r
; {/ [6 u1 U. ^/ w8 MHonoring the Dead4 S3 _( c& Y. z9 S3 A7 f
43. Political mourning
+ W, U5 Z( V0 B8 W F. I. Q, r 44. Mock funerals
7 b6 e& o* c3 ~' A" X( I3 Y+ n 45. Demonstrative funerals9 d4 n! `# G: r% i/ F9 V
46. Homage at burial places
2 L/ D* p. C0 R& w# o d. j% r' t4 \/ ]6 \7 f( ?
Public Assemblies
* l: i6 U, \& o0 v1 t! q 47. Assemblies of protest or support
M# S& I4 O. G Z) V% b4 h 48. Protest meetings
8 z, Z& m* R7 G3 q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
K0 k: D# n4 \8 m2 W 50. Teach-ins
" G3 ?: V2 I0 I# \8 X4 L
) u: e0 l- }7 CWithdrawal and Renunciation3 h( s9 g% `& n
51. Walk-outs
0 H9 { b) ?$ s2 q! t0 C 52. Silence
1 l3 H$ M7 |, @. C( _4 {, d3 o 53. Renouncing honors
/ B5 b9 B- e) V. }" K! @! M3 e 54. Turning one’s back% G& ?% x3 H/ O' S
! H$ n$ _' @7 R
4 W- q7 E& b# J5 \/ a# z
# h4 H( B( s" \2 w: {THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
7 [! p, H. i1 M0 K- r4 j8 R$ Z r' o! }- f5 m( j$ c) X
- x3 v0 c% E$ _3 W* B* M/ M8 @7 b$ f' F% N. ^3 F" d
Ostracism of Persons* ~3 |" U0 p0 H1 \5 F* P
55. Social boycott) l4 \4 o9 P$ ?. w' M2 l9 E3 [
56. Selective social boycott
, E" R3 E# |5 D+ P 57. Lysistratic nonaction
) a/ _9 _* W k: M9 b% T 58. Excommunication
6 W: Z+ x. W B9 \' a, Z/ l% O7 p 59. Interdict
, j5 P( M$ E$ @6 g+ K r; X- Q! m+ o9 D! Q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 w! [* n7 s' B2 ~ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 w0 y7 V: b7 D2 Z1 h9 V+ x: ? 61. Boycott of social affairs) N7 |3 n8 B5 v$ B& \
62. Student strike6 g8 }0 q7 J. s5 |7 H- e
63. Social disobedience
, F4 t/ w r9 p. t! }: D 64. Withdrawal from social institutions' v/ B( e% O- B. [: c7 T) o( K' ?7 _
- d( p1 _$ q9 p
Withdrawal from the Social System- z" [ ?6 J$ x+ Z
65. Stay-at-home/ C n; C2 @! |% d( [" O
66. Total personal noncooperation4 O* G1 X. D! W9 I- u' j
67. “Flight” of workers/ ] I' Z& }& S* F% v1 o! u
68. Sanctuary E3 K6 L' H) t
69. Collective disappearance
- ^5 _6 J: s* J" p: q# A 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" f; o ]/ P% z# F4 o
0 p$ U/ p+ {7 h! L3 ]! u
; k! B& x* B1 w/ e& {9 y, gActions by Consumers
+ j; _! f' {% Z+ l l 71. Consumers’ boycott
) w4 Z1 m0 E& c7 K 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ |: O+ _! ]- {2 } 73. Policy of austerity/ T' C5 D' E( J4 ], b) m3 `
74. Rent withholding
3 u1 I3 Z4 @* s6 M 75. Refusal to rent
2 [$ l' Z0 w. k3 R) H! M 76. National consumers’ boycott
4 a6 }/ M- v/ c, ~, T- ? 77. International consumers’ boycott
0 F( G- H3 ?/ R O1 V
# Z' `( m9 b1 _- v+ f: N% \Action by Workers and Producers
' B/ w3 c5 K' k5 ^9 q( s; J+ _+ u) A 78. Workmen’s boycott
6 }& _- `# n3 c% M. N O( @ 79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen- ?) `/ r \" R/ H% Q. t- e
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 e# O9 J# u/ M' k2 z5 Q! U" l- v) |0 y/ n. k9 R
Action by Owners and Management
8 N7 A% B% y: _' B0 k 81. Traders’ boycott D$ M& ?$ ?+ ~! C4 A( I% U( ~: q
82. Refusal to let or sell property/ Y4 ?6 m: ~6 Z w
83. Lockout0 i# J6 ? v) v/ c+ U
84. Refusal of industrial assistance8 U. M) u( t7 [# X# u
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! A7 l* I0 y4 u8 m7 L- M
; a9 q4 M/ Q& }6 c2 H0 lAction by Holders of Financial Resources' W. y. [6 H! b) C8 N( m
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
2 V5 A j/ A3 E* m) h, u) g8 b 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: U6 e, o# l1 q% |- h: l$ i
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! W/ f" [7 X* a- } 89. Severance of funds and credit
) Y5 w4 j+ f3 f( }! [5 D 90. Revenue refusal
8 z% @% N+ s0 h5 n( w 91. Refusal of a government’s money
& M. s r- R7 |3 z' T
, Z; R8 l/ t* l7 Y; d& XAction by Governments8 d& L5 p2 @$ Q' B6 N8 Q- }4 x
92. Domestic embargo
7 M+ k! H! z# \; K( C2 B 93. Blacklisting of traders5 D: r- h3 n5 e9 h2 `3 E6 N7 Q
94. International sellers’ embargo! U5 ~- E9 ?: z! J
95. International buyers’ embargo
) Q2 h0 `9 x- t3 X2 ~ 96. International trade embargo2 N3 m1 D2 A. |1 h( D
& x9 E9 |9 g) A: {: f3 @+ x. _ " H0 m" [2 K# P! _6 n' ~
, }& I9 y( Z7 f% L8 ?* STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
5 ~, U+ i% A) j7 C' X# _" |5 M' i- \7 X4 k4 z/ i: c9 @$ b
+ ]7 }7 J# h# ASymbolic Strikes& l# H7 i& J: m
97. Protest strike3 r$ B6 ~* l! H0 z2 t9 ~# M: Y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 A; ~3 S& v1 Q& W! g) E- A! C7 @$ P
' F! [. h) }: m& D1 c6 i6 \( sAgricultural Strikes
8 P+ b" O* Z8 s4 z1 n 99. Peasant strike
/ I+ y# z' r: ` y5 ?/ u 100. Farm Workers’ strike8 E8 @1 x" q' u5 _, h
' u& x8 E' H$ w$ G% o9 E, ?Strikes by Special Groups
( R0 k, ^. L- J( z. m 101. Refusal of impressed labor. |" E& ?: m. H& k i
102. Prisoners’ strike
# l: m+ i) F; G) ] 103. Craft strike! y: f3 O0 t# G. |
104. Professional strike
0 m* l; T6 @4 v( n
7 x* a" D" h+ ]! \/ m: f) AOrdinary Industrial Strikes
' k7 l0 E5 j% c 105. Establishment strike
" z: `) x: M) Y" O 106. Industry strike
* u( g+ a, @3 h* K3 w 107. Sympathetic strike7 H, r- _( e, O5 K! y& J
% U* D; u; \/ q2 k
Restricted Strikes
% W6 [1 s+ j `0 w9 ^ 108. Detailed strike+ Y4 O% [2 K* _! {4 {7 }* `
109. Bumper strike
) Y# x; M$ O" E, p; r! I 110. Slowdown strike1 d' T; C/ }; `- W% y' b
111. Working-to-rule strike
# A' y& V6 H! S 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 q; i& G6 p7 d- `9 y
113. Strike by resignation/ S7 i2 ]# ~* x3 M! e6 @$ a. e
114. Limited strike
/ d& G: n2 k" i& U 115. Selective strike
( V% k& J: }# H" L. g- D3 D7 o3 v! v6 p" I; x7 I" c
Multi-Industry Strikes1 R& c* W/ D+ I2 B* Z& F
C2 H' K" S, g" Q8 x N 116. Generalized strike
3 z* F+ }, F% i% y; c \1 z3 e |( T' Y$ V- O* v
117. General strike/ v+ K; |3 {! F% D
. ]$ F+ m2 K3 L# r' [" ~
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; A2 L0 M+ x6 I5 E1 e$ ]# W u6 p2 }' U) d
118. Hartal
2 W, m, [( D- M2 O9 W" g% J1 N( G7 D+ S3 Y& u. s/ r
119. Economic shutdown
3 ^7 R" z- K: M7 U# D
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) f2 v/ W! \2 F3 S) d6 dTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 P( D+ W, r) v* g2 [
5 S) P) g/ c- J$ l$ q( F- Z 7 i/ I( L! P5 Y' I% h6 M5 t5 t' } {' i
Rejection of Authority6 X: c7 h# e: _( ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; T7 j, F, M; B: ?! z' E
121. Refusal of public support
: \- G, q1 E2 S6 R( K: g& f# } 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) L3 \4 y8 P0 c. H" V* R, h% N8 m# S1 S
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government) t( \, C$ b1 p# T) Z
123. Boycott of legislative bodies. ^( P; x( `2 n; Q J! G7 ^
124. Boycott of elections
8 |& q$ a* b* d4 _' o f 125. Boycott of government employment and positions* V" B3 ^4 U4 {8 j
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) |9 r( }7 J: H2 [8 s) U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 b0 A7 V0 n) C4 \" x4 U7 N
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: b5 ^! b; ?+ g( j; E 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' }1 I/ o$ k5 C- e8 z/ W5 J 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks1 ]( B2 f; K. v0 G2 k+ i9 o
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 ]+ R# R6 h/ D, q( o! R. O3 k8 C
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
a) Y1 N' u( F/ A
0 `$ }! F" V' n7 t* G" aCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience- E7 C. f7 [4 O8 S
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 f2 b" `7 d/ X S) s 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 A9 I7 N1 W+ `8 R. V 135. Popular nonobedience
% H) H6 c2 k& Y4 Q/ N0 z, P 136. Disguised disobedience, Q/ H% H3 k" u! X. `8 r* _; B' k
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 C$ Y2 F$ G7 X* Z0 V" t
138. Sitdown' Z" }5 F2 b6 h2 S# Y9 y5 i5 a9 f+ A
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* e/ R5 F2 ]4 D% h1 J+ g* G" q 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ u: e0 }' A! y( w
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, x- U% d1 `, f7 M" }) t! }3 `
; H( k, _5 z+ D
Action by Government Personnel: l7 I) E- E- u# [
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides" V9 x$ h- {8 ]5 v, W' T: N
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 t. \* ?$ o) ]' q" l. r 144. Stalling and obstruction+ }6 w* P+ A+ p: J
145. General administrative noncooperation: H3 j0 o o9 Y1 v* j5 x0 S
+ p- w) P. [; Y: w: Q: h
146. Judicial noncooperation
8 u+ \. u7 P( q# H- z: Q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents8 F5 N; [% D8 W
148. Mutiny- F' C( L$ R1 o+ Z ]# p6 ~% X
Domestic Governmental Action! @( y: r& V5 S/ e
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 k) q& s* [. J4 b
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
% i: a5 y% O$ ]; d$ [# w& Q3 t! p9 G, h/ |& X- ~
International Governmental Action! L3 P" [1 ?6 s: a ~
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
0 d( r0 o9 C U- b& s 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* X* S% P- Y" q( g) D$ g* _! ^: L 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. H3 M( `: P5 @6 @7 k
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, c2 z) b* b$ u; b; J 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% d) k- s" a' @: \$ [ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! |* f2 M* b$ Q 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- q2 u2 j' U8 [4 m. m! V' `
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* `) i( A$ `8 v/ O: g0 l# t w: V
Psychological Intervention
! @* |6 _% q/ i3 U ]5 A/ { 158. Self-exposure to the elements
! q$ P, W* p: P$ B7 C 159. The fast4 V( |5 } L8 j! T& u+ O
a) Fast of moral pressure
! |+ \. g/ ], o' E- U b) Hunger strike
4 Z7 D. W7 i0 W1 s6 v1 A) E; b c) Satyagrahic fast
2 I1 }& O4 I: O3 q+ ` 160. Reverse trial. N# _8 \' a3 @+ Z
161. Nonviolent harassment
3 r' X/ B6 T* ~" \9 r; j5 B* T8 k. K2 E, _$ W
Physical Intervention- ^* Z/ j9 X$ Z- f2 f' \9 B
162. Sit-in; v# {! n. v+ |/ ^4 E
163. Stand-in. D, ^' w* p8 I7 k6 A
164. Ride-in6 j" C, D% }2 b
165. Wade-in
[# S8 k" |4 w" c 166. Mill-in1 e- i/ X- `* f
167. Pray-in: i% e3 l5 l! l; ~" O
168. Nonviolent raids) v8 N' I& ~ o$ d" U7 r
169. Nonviolent air raids. X: ~# Y# m, Y& e) w: f
170. Nonviolent invasion- r) e, ?/ A/ Y5 u7 w
171. Nonviolent interjection
& ^$ _ \6 K* l) @. [# m5 P 172. Nonviolent obstruction
* y- L! t3 g5 M4 n2 K/ ?3 b 173. Nonviolent occupation4 ?) K5 u3 I# d0 U* b. q3 c5 R. ~7 c
* s1 D' @# \$ R, `Social Intervention6 q0 [8 y" I6 C t4 g
174. Establishing new social patterns+ d. d- l1 ^ p/ M3 @. B" s& o, M
175. Overloading of facilities7 ~$ P4 i. `9 ~& A! ^! q
176. Stall-in
, R) R9 ~' t h5 F4 { 177. Speak-in
5 u- L4 S: a3 X W6 M5 A 178. Guerrilla theater
6 d$ F' C/ x+ | 179. Alternative social institutions
" A9 M( R) Q) M& g9 D1 f1 A 180. Alternative communication system
& i; B! }8 [; t' O( W
: h) t" E+ x! @( z4 FEconomic Intervention
/ M1 C2 _( u/ L. [$ V- } 181. Reverse strike+ `2 h. X; I' T: n" ]8 A+ x
182. Stay-in strike! v, J# g! U1 u% o$ d+ S% P/ f+ Y
183. Nonviolent land seizure2 J6 i. w4 |# F
184. Defiance of blockades5 S5 c- S- }" ^9 e8 X7 L% @
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
, v! F, M" M, k$ K& N, ] 186. Preclusive purchasing
# [$ q: Y0 s, L6 t( V$ Z 187. Seizure of assets7 u7 L( \# {5 }5 i) t
188. Dumping1 F7 R; X U1 R! q y
189. Selective patronage4 L v% Y' g& l% Z* r0 W
190. Alternative markets
/ ?0 T& o8 f9 n) s 191. Alternative transportation systems
& W. b5 x' A/ Z7 P0 z8 z 192. Alternative economic institutions
6 G t7 c6 ?9 P# [2 [: H. s1 B4 n4 q5 s F/ Q9 ~" T* H& t4 w# D, P
Political Intervention5 F4 ]* a1 T. B+ m! `
193. Overloading of administrative systems
" \, f" Y" m- y) K 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 i8 y" s- M7 f% T
195. Seeking imprisonment
( p% t0 {! S" U# A- s! e6 I 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) r& M$ F8 [5 D8 T; ^% x c/ P) z 197. Work-on without collaboration
7 P% F8 P8 m2 H) o Z' b0 ? 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
9 d# {9 p1 H5 d% q! \
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
