 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 s/ Y) r! I" S1 t7 S- t- `Formal Statements: ~- U$ t( ^3 q* n, ~
1. Public Speeches( J, E M& }3 S( u4 n
2. Letters of opposition or support7 R4 j. [1 m2 y- G
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: d. i/ O' M2 |. f
4. Signed public statements
" B; D r! P- ]* ~! b. w4 i# q; l! G 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# ^; S" L1 H, y. E# E: B6 E 6. Group or mass petitions
; u- ]2 ]& q q& x* w
4 r0 H; C" A6 J1 k; |Communications with a Wider Audience {7 t5 O! \3 V, k; H. k
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% P9 H- _4 ]7 b 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& h8 |1 y. y3 K& O3 z Z8 a
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books/ x8 E7 v4 K% |) b/ |% k+ p1 e6 W
10. Newspapers and journals
" d/ o. i( e# t5 N, | 11. Records, radio, and television; Q4 l/ k1 p9 }6 B) I Z4 w- g
12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ ]/ G; y4 t+ D; B7 U k. Z
- V- y: R" K! ^8 }" t$ TGroup Representations" y: C. i+ Y$ M! D- [
13. Deputations# O1 G' @% D) z& m, ]8 L
14. Mock awards E/ O7 S* x" |# G; h% Z# t
15. Group lobbying+ _- \" W/ ?" j) x0 p
16. Picketing5 r V" X- [" K4 b: x
17. Mock elections
$ _! t$ R) d+ Q, M8 ~9 N4 ~' \& d' l8 A, p
Symbolic Public Acts% R) y' B/ W4 T! _
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ h8 ^$ ~" Z/ X, H) x
19. Wearing of symbols4 _1 [) `' d0 j* k
20. Prayer and worship
' f& Z7 v X, S/ ~* B 21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 {* a. E5 R" l 22. Protest disrobings
# o' W0 d$ {$ p 23. Destruction of own property
$ j4 Q! x$ l0 {( f: [% I0 _* f% [ 24. Symbolic lights: t7 B; W- K! T$ x: Q& V
25. Displays of portraits
' i% u( H5 V: T0 u9 W/ M' o 26. Paint as protest
6 t @. T4 _& S1 q/ p( R 27. New signs and names
& b+ s2 i* X6 P ~, m7 j# |: C 28. Symbolic sounds
' X# \/ D1 n4 y8 _8 B1 t# z 29. Symbolic reclamations" t* e5 e8 ^- n- K% X3 n* _* e0 Y/ ]& n
30. Rude gestures( R S& U" Z5 N* L5 r) H
+ P8 C1 e" Y( c2 wPressures on Individuals
8 `! c+ \9 ~! B8 b0 v0 M 31. “Haunting” officials
4 ] j- R$ X) f! q2 @- s. T( f" Z4 ~ 32. Taunting officials E; A: E0 p! Y! a
33. Fraternization
9 @$ y1 V6 O: W+ f 34. Vigils
! R: I: F h; s; H- \$ e$ S, d9 k8 n) d( u8 q8 _" D
Drama and Music0 j/ \+ v0 t6 q5 y
35. Humorous skits and pranks" X& j* t% s' x) B
36. Performances of plays and music+ R8 Y* _6 O% Y a2 `
37. Singing# O4 a2 N! V5 M9 F6 D' ]& i
! G+ F. |* X; H" t4 L7 F" @Processions
4 q& X; H# i% w. g: i 38. Marches
2 h/ R9 e+ p5 d0 K& f# s$ d 39. Parades
" P8 C- B+ | {; u5 Y* s 40. Religious processions
8 |1 b0 B( n* p, W 41. Pilgrimages t/ x4 M u; T2 ~" E" r2 b
42. Motorcades! `5 @# n w* {" P
& C$ q C' [; B7 \
Honoring the Dead
4 F! Q. i' b) Z, o3 p1 _( M% |# @ 43. Political mourning `) D# j) _! I6 G t6 X! K: X
44. Mock funerals- o H) _% Y1 l% Z' _
45. Demonstrative funerals. S2 i$ K Q- P m
46. Homage at burial places
$ B4 m7 l9 e: g: Y* t3 o
" s- p$ M7 ` |( RPublic Assemblies
6 I% U& Y2 R5 L3 K; h+ u 47. Assemblies of protest or support9 H9 u+ r- x! m* D3 @2 c5 r
48. Protest meetings
- {8 F5 ~' N: R 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 Q0 j c2 C# o r 50. Teach-ins
: C& s5 J1 l! W; c
5 l3 ]! c5 v0 m( y8 X. [Withdrawal and Renunciation8 [% w+ h8 i. ?7 y8 B
51. Walk-outs
0 z: {% Q; X9 |* U 52. Silence
' {' E: [, s# t! ]" n. r2 T 53. Renouncing honors
1 m1 U" }# E# S- _, p 54. Turning one’s back
$ q! |# _: L4 p! y1 E" a% l7 ^4 |0 @
8 e5 T! Y" N. U* s" x3 x / Z( k8 n6 Q% M4 U3 B2 V( D
; t9 W& d( C( g5 W5 p$ j' }THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ k; r" L- @" V# z! R1 Z0 c; V% q/ g; d
# \2 [3 [$ f1 U7 j7 J7 S# u5 b$ \' D0 p& @& l. e+ E! |; R' L
Ostracism of Persons
9 G& I! x, f8 g* B6 C; z 55. Social boycott3 K! H4 m7 V: l: _
56. Selective social boycott
1 S( M+ |/ a- F% p) p 57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 h. [9 N- n1 j& o% ^6 [4 y 58. Excommunication
8 b+ f, e# d. h' J7 b 59. Interdict5 U* \& l' |0 h
8 t: ~. X' `) U' x7 l/ R
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, W$ ~/ G1 j' `0 s. C& r 60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 c3 t6 U5 m9 v& O" Y/ A
61. Boycott of social affairs
% h9 f, e" h& t1 ~/ I 62. Student strike ]0 Y# I d* n' Z" v8 v
63. Social disobedience
- b7 ~' t6 k3 G$ a8 `, p2 O% T 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; l: x/ d. c. J( ]5 `! E. d9 Y) X8 O6 Z: ?: |" [/ m
Withdrawal from the Social System% u5 {1 O; t& X4 e% }
65. Stay-at-home
7 o" p- P, J5 B5 B9 C) P: B |$ k 66. Total personal noncooperation& k6 p$ t2 ?: r2 S. p" t) G
67. “Flight” of workers
9 o9 @- v7 X/ s! W9 R 68. Sanctuary/ C* D% m. k1 A
69. Collective disappearance
4 E! m2 l+ ^# Y: s5 ]. ?4 R 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
' |) I! x" v" C& z M
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7 s6 m( @% { \2 \/ S
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" w0 Z6 @' c) y' {- r/ c+ S
4 Z @2 V* b$ N! d# o8 [
5 o# `# ~! k/ ?! N& k
Actions by Consumers- Y. \; X0 P! h1 R' \0 b" ^
71. Consumers’ boycott6 h2 A. t6 c: g- y: k
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. R/ q( m3 r) q8 {
73. Policy of austerity1 w% p8 x/ w5 r5 c3 |9 e
74. Rent withholding$ B \+ O) @4 d1 M
75. Refusal to rent
1 I& {0 G% e. k1 [, I" `4 k 76. National consumers’ boycott5 ?, U3 w/ Z' Y' r
77. International consumers’ boycott! s/ d, P0 _& O) a; X! K
) J8 T6 o% o. @; M9 E
Action by Workers and Producers! s0 q- `( q2 Z. m
78. Workmen’s boycott' a$ D( p7 ?; o) t! g0 O4 ] { W
79. Producers’ boycott2 D- P+ R0 y9 u' p3 e! ?. j
3 |* L. a9 U: q( B
Action by Middlemen
4 G* ^2 x8 f w: j1 c3 ~ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# }$ P* d( c' t! e+ u
7 }& `4 y5 e- Z( VAction by Owners and Management
* s4 G7 K6 h) b4 C6 m 81. Traders’ boycott" F; \! R) V& o" p$ F# S o
82. Refusal to let or sell property
$ `0 L4 R/ b* E4 |. N# H* J 83. Lockout N. w5 d! L; q# R" Y# k+ \1 r$ V
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ H- X* {* ^2 j- o. y* V3 l" J 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
- b, I j5 v f0 [- K
% I J- ]4 M+ t! i1 o; MAction by Holders of Financial Resources# m+ ?- h7 Z' A6 w- ^
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# y/ O' K5 v, @' R9 C, e3 o 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 C4 D; @6 Z' W$ s9 J W& P 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 o0 z+ S( B* n9 t7 w5 i8 W* F 89. Severance of funds and credit
# d4 v/ j% t" [- Z5 h. I 90. Revenue refusal' x. m$ N3 Z ~1 H" \' e5 M
91. Refusal of a government’s money2 o; E3 x( |$ c6 E3 e
. Y" ]% k& G' f, O+ `( y
Action by Governments
, {$ d: i- d1 M3 i 92. Domestic embargo
( Z4 ?( n2 }/ X% X( }$ e 93. Blacklisting of traders0 |/ r9 e% r k0 a3 t) ?1 x
94. International sellers’ embargo
$ m' x5 y3 I; H) M 95. International buyers’ embargo5 ]1 M( p4 I: r1 X5 P( ~+ U
96. International trade embargo
& @( k) s1 D% D/ x4 p4 {- F( `5 n' ^9 V# u" [
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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6 d0 q& l& r) I& T! ]" R3 z
" F: C- H2 d& p \9 E/ hSymbolic Strikes
* l0 @6 m+ c; N6 O2 J 97. Protest strike
) O) v$ z2 I; v: }+ W3 T 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& Z( [+ Y# {0 B7 a+ b2 ^- e
|4 @3 z- r+ iAgricultural Strikes C0 E, y; ^8 K3 b/ X8 Q0 Q- t
99. Peasant strike; B+ L& _8 ]0 ~2 i/ C
100. Farm Workers’ strike! {: D$ C1 f0 A, l* o* b
$ c/ e1 y% Z0 S% K: jStrikes by Special Groups
+ y' u& ]' S# d9 C2 `4 I- D6 R 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 e/ t0 T j- u/ I% T$ C& _/ E1 u 102. Prisoners’ strike. e4 a/ M; C/ G/ I( l7 N# H4 l
103. Craft strike
/ }8 Z/ b/ I4 v 104. Professional strike
" d& w0 X0 E& _8 T {+ a. ]5 E7 R" @4 K
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
3 h0 h; ]' l7 r2 v 105. Establishment strike
9 W+ V8 h; p% ?2 H* m 106. Industry strike
8 _! X% ]& L+ r3 t2 `0 N6 b! D% a 107. Sympathetic strike
) O3 J4 r* T0 j; {# } k/ s5 L+ m: Z- H7 O3 s$ Y( r( U" j u- x
Restricted Strikes
5 w5 D' y1 `/ K- [" W1 s& Q 108. Detailed strike
& r2 S/ C$ N7 a; Q2 N Z 109. Bumper strike
; Q _- }, a$ {( _ 110. Slowdown strike
/ }8 Z z5 H" Y# n* a1 h" `3 e 111. Working-to-rule strike
% g% |2 o% P' O9 d- _( j7 d 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. V4 ?9 J+ f! r 113. Strike by resignation
1 A$ p, ?+ i; d$ A- f 114. Limited strike) I% [7 s5 `* g% X: g
115. Selective strike8 v. i8 x' @ S X3 `* A
7 M: y- R* V v3 j7 ?Multi-Industry Strikes3 o% U3 E9 C* N4 @$ n2 }8 Z9 M |
( X/ r% s; x% f v M' j
116. Generalized strike
/ C8 f8 q) x; P2 e- W* N
1 s, R( y: J! s 117. General strike5 }$ n+ a0 m8 E
8 A1 e4 z7 K' {
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! E1 _! f! m% x; H
* e, M6 y$ j' j- W$ |* K 118. Hartal# D: P1 W$ Q9 J
, n: w; K) x5 @. O/ d/ R/ n( a9 j 119. Economic shutdown6 x& p [3 l/ P" p. ~0 r5 {
& h) {+ F3 k# u' k" r
+ s) H7 V3 T) c6 S2 J5 [4 `. O% x$ Y& P! E+ ^7 B L' A. {
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
4 @9 C* u& S& k( o/ E9 ]7 R8 I8 I2 @" O! ^4 Z& L9 E
0 m3 W( g4 `0 z
Rejection of Authority
" E: l, R. l4 a' h, p; b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 A4 r* e I( B9 c. w
121. Refusal of public support! n% I" O8 [( v
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 N. Q! ^. V3 C: f* D6 y/ @
3 o9 ~" A* L1 G( m j* S: H. v/ N3 x
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 |4 F6 ^, d+ [- |1 s
123. Boycott of legislative bodies: L: ], N' T1 {. P9 Q1 ?9 J6 _
124. Boycott of elections
0 _6 t% g2 `# O/ m3 v, R* a 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' x1 P5 _* J6 b 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
2 p2 k U6 C, I/ l& y! p8 W- r 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions {8 [. J$ v9 }* d7 r( h+ C
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
# _% H% E* B% O4 O! X 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 y/ [% X8 j& ]: D4 z# J 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
p0 l; T( P+ T; u2 s 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials$ z( H/ E$ P9 e s5 ^- e9 [) U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
7 z; _2 @ _6 i" s4 C1 X, s! O* R" I, h5 n9 w% l
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 a# E1 D c5 l& x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
% E/ b$ w0 i' X" i# {1 ~: \ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 [4 E, L* `! t9 h$ y% k1 o 135. Popular nonobedience
3 A' s0 `( b. C' t$ j 136. Disguised disobedience
x+ q! _ O& A+ k0 h) e 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: e8 c1 V% f; _5 e! k. _
138. Sitdown( C) z! F. ^5 t
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. a) q% J" b0 {6 q% n0 H
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 N% n" B0 R6 p# w* D5 z# J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 @, w' Z- V- Z7 a# U* C+ n. @5 m' Q" P3 d
Action by Government Personnel! W8 u# c2 \& t; `- d2 {
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 A$ u6 q& d, q* ^ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information- I; Q( \/ j9 t! U- I9 i- K5 p
144. Stalling and obstruction) M5 w+ G9 u# O( U9 ^& ~- L
145. General administrative noncooperation+ |0 H" A* G* O
9 S: _' J# \4 X" } 146. Judicial noncooperation
x4 _: H4 p* a. K 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: t2 d8 q8 f2 e- b2 g1 p Z9 S
148. Mutiny8 H2 t5 X' G* Y0 w; K9 l
Domestic Governmental Action
! q$ }+ g3 v3 v' `- V( v 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 J! l3 B( H$ h" N
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" Q7 {3 B [1 \! f2 b/ S, u, q8 a
+ i: d: {# p' T1 G0 O7 A: r
International Governmental Action
0 b5 R) T7 M, ^0 [ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 K' ^/ W9 F- F2 U# s 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ Z4 e. O. ?0 |* W, e 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition; |1 T$ M1 ^5 i E, t- t2 M
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' p. @% j# V5 |& K. C7 j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 b8 T3 |4 d- Z. k# M, r
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 {8 r/ k+ e1 r 157. Expulsion from international organizations3 g9 u9 y: ?. K h" }0 U
8 S3 ` A4 l9 [3 `
* Z( u. o1 R" P4 g# C |+ ?2 [8 p& @7 l) o4 X
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 b% B2 n- \2 D) n$ d/ d: L8 Q, W
3 }% q! X# O' A$ n( g) W/ J" i
" I2 ]5 x( z* H+ ]
Psychological Intervention9 |2 l0 r* J9 ]/ i
158. Self-exposure to the elements# j N! z5 _0 N, `% A' f
159. The fast: l6 c- u% M0 N, S8 M+ |
a) Fast of moral pressure
' T# M" a) C2 H: C4 G) G$ C! c b) Hunger strike
$ k; }7 ^: M$ K/ {, c- c) D2 I& X c) Satyagrahic fast
W3 `4 E+ f. g3 t z e 160. Reverse trial
" C q5 B1 u6 K& ?5 e1 K 161. Nonviolent harassment
( ?* d( {6 P0 A8 K* {3 y e
+ V8 F; i6 ?+ U& n6 p: bPhysical Intervention+ j; L# [7 L6 c8 {+ f
162. Sit-in
' ]% ^4 D6 B. G' f, W8 m 163. Stand-in- w9 q7 N) ~' s$ `6 ]+ L( L
164. Ride-in& _% s2 n2 s) D8 u8 N
165. Wade-in
9 \' O: B4 I# F; T D 166. Mill-in5 ~# n7 ^' j: f! b" e
167. Pray-in1 \/ @) |& y: N; n- p
168. Nonviolent raids; F' w0 Y- D! o1 N
169. Nonviolent air raids0 z/ i f9 |; m2 R
170. Nonviolent invasion! q$ V9 ^, V( q( O
171. Nonviolent interjection
( h: Q, _. l% _' {1 x 172. Nonviolent obstruction" {. b$ [+ w) ]: y
173. Nonviolent occupation5 l# M4 a, s3 f* J9 J! p2 n1 S+ \ I8 D
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Social Intervention
' `- \& A N8 u5 o/ M+ b: A [ 174. Establishing new social patterns$ K, c2 `3 f, A8 W
175. Overloading of facilities% f2 ~ d7 @: B$ c' }% Z' p
176. Stall-in% W" S6 K$ y& @
177. Speak-in9 Y6 D9 u5 W2 w
178. Guerrilla theater
5 k! d: P }2 W Q/ P5 o 179. Alternative social institutions
+ D6 |2 q( R; B* y1 p 180. Alternative communication system
3 ?8 T- L, b( u; H v
3 u5 s: V2 g8 V( S5 h! B7 w; o0 UEconomic Intervention
4 B' ?3 H8 J. X z 181. Reverse strike5 {! n% X8 V/ \, ^
182. Stay-in strike/ P6 o6 z) @- |4 G# S: X5 Z! Y# ~
183. Nonviolent land seizure
' I- k5 A0 W" R. q, o1 @6 U 184. Defiance of blockades
3 q- u1 }& K5 r& D9 ` 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% s, A+ {: O6 Q/ X; t6 M5 _
186. Preclusive purchasing5 o |- a. p: e* p5 h
187. Seizure of assets @$ r/ [8 `. C" U T- j
188. Dumping
, y E& p j) N0 q5 F# v: q 189. Selective patronage
* G4 u0 ^4 h1 v! N2 G 190. Alternative markets/ Q6 J/ W7 v7 X
191. Alternative transportation systems
2 z+ Z0 [" ~9 s 192. Alternative economic institutions
# k' I' t# m- F& B) G
+ ?! Q0 |0 ?9 ]2 A2 KPolitical Intervention: s& {' `4 T5 ]# B" S. V
193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 t/ f1 d: Z5 b; I7 F- @0 }6 T 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
5 I6 x0 [4 c6 n2 ] 195. Seeking imprisonment7 p1 e9 N. W2 R
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 o) m# J8 V- G' H' e1 ~4 o+ g 197. Work-on without collaboration% U( ~# @; K3 x3 p
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
