 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& u3 V" V/ F3 ^Formal Statements6 Q7 P/ O' y, Z/ _9 ]
1. Public Speeches
! t- G' J- R4 W' q4 R0 D9 y3 A 2. Letters of opposition or support
: I6 Y8 I% r7 }! t: q" d 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 Z% ~, a2 @1 ?
4. Signed public statements$ U" l8 ~1 V; C9 G5 a, S9 V
5. Declarations of indictment and intention( f# e$ R5 m: c8 h. P- x" M& E
6. Group or mass petitions6 L5 T) V: Z5 e1 M
) Q; Z T6 M/ h: }Communications with a Wider Audience9 \# x) B/ ~: Q: M1 Z
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, Z. `& k: ]0 v0 d1 e/ {
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
/ s: l; q+ P2 |1 m5 @8 } 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 Z0 o1 ]* L) q6 {8 w9 \) J 10. Newspapers and journals
( U7 A6 j, i- B8 S3 V7 L* w q% i4 C 11. Records, radio, and television! L" K' h) q, \" f& v; R8 S
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. |* ~# M6 R l
4 a0 N- A6 n5 w/ cGroup Representations6 `0 B6 ~0 x2 ?. `, }+ \
13. Deputations
. T: a7 e2 K( L- ]8 W 14. Mock awards; d8 A! Z% H: }# c! d* w
15. Group lobbying$ M6 {; w& a* J; z0 O: F7 t
16. Picketing
& t4 R4 g- D4 U: @2 \8 c2 O 17. Mock elections
) x3 V8 P! x2 A$ z& V3 h% i4 ^2 A _* x" A5 p, D$ c# @! v
Symbolic Public Acts
9 v# f; D+ j% V' z3 j: P) T( t 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors z/ f* |# U& I" B
19. Wearing of symbols+ i$ L- u; Y" p! |2 N; M
20. Prayer and worship7 m2 I5 _4 }$ F2 Z) w' r
21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 N4 O$ \' d1 X- w, ~2 M 22. Protest disrobings8 s A0 c% Q9 l& J \
23. Destruction of own property# c" i# v' k6 ^
24. Symbolic lights
! j; o; Y, H# m1 |. d 25. Displays of portraits: ^3 [* k( L% y6 o, T# d
26. Paint as protest
9 [1 }% t7 d- o" v 27. New signs and names" [* n0 [# X8 w. u& c
28. Symbolic sounds
9 M4 B' T% [ k) I7 V 29. Symbolic reclamations+ {$ G1 X) ^4 O2 [1 {! s+ z/ A
30. Rude gestures
) o4 _& n% b! l7 x% y9 O3 u3 J
Pressures on Individuals
/ q5 [& \1 R( ^; a) ~( x) S 31. “Haunting” officials
' a/ D- U( {& K! n: g8 h$ I 32. Taunting officials
) F) T- ]& T" S 33. Fraternization
+ o% v* B' ?3 D, d 34. Vigils
1 p% l2 X1 R( [, w T$ ?1 i7 }) Q9 z6 g
Drama and Music
' o* `& z4 B7 L/ i) e 35. Humorous skits and pranks6 w; f+ Z3 g/ |9 v1 ]
36. Performances of plays and music! _( ^6 M# _( G. J' F
37. Singing9 Z, `2 P& ]/ Q1 J+ d' v
Y7 f# A2 `, @: O4 ~) dProcessions+ ^* a/ p; s7 N- @: Q# U6 M
38. Marches
- P$ _$ e3 G0 ?7 S; m/ E8 N 39. Parades
/ H; g J% R& w8 H) B& s+ A/ p8 Z4 o 40. Religious processions
3 V3 ]1 }/ w" Z6 R; \7 P 41. Pilgrimages
3 D. b/ L# d: j 42. Motorcades# O0 ?" }+ q1 D0 A4 v
, e G' J5 |- AHonoring the Dead, Q% A' h4 p4 S1 I/ h0 m
43. Political mourning7 m) _* ^% d# M- r7 H( L. k+ O1 O
44. Mock funerals
/ i. d% E C0 ?+ [% t/ k 45. Demonstrative funerals
6 t0 N/ v9 }7 }6 R! [/ [' h 46. Homage at burial places
9 X8 K( x+ `, i
2 L2 Z' T. c/ i) W( l8 ?Public Assemblies+ C; E" B6 V* N) E! g2 P
47. Assemblies of protest or support- K- R- s7 u5 e, D
48. Protest meetings. E4 w: J9 Z- l3 W% X$ l' ]8 [
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- W, f) k% r4 @# Z: c5 u
50. Teach-ins
$ v. j6 C0 [: h: Q& b9 u/ ?5 I8 x/ ]4 l
Withdrawal and Renunciation) \$ d; C/ f1 M4 g" i/ \& O
51. Walk-outs
( ~$ S2 b8 }0 @1 X; |; T 52. Silence' @ E0 h; G, B+ x; v0 F; {
53. Renouncing honors
6 Y {/ Z( W: e# E; G! D' k 54. Turning one’s back" ?- t/ h& a: e
1 ]) j6 m, h1 N! Z" Y$ ~% N
% O' f% s/ y8 E1 s5 X. l
K) C i7 w0 y9 B" v6 z2 E9 tTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* u! a5 H, @0 x7 g& ?1 s6 M9 i0 o r' \7 B% [) p9 h5 G
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8 e, r% C5 f/ e& l& {% jOstracism of Persons, C" N! S/ h) N5 {, t0 S, m
55. Social boycott
) z; s, g6 |" x1 Q' a5 U 56. Selective social boycott4 |, C2 H9 ]) [+ Y
57. Lysistratic nonaction6 @' ?8 i9 R9 q+ y+ [* ^- `5 o
58. Excommunication
& h7 @: ?" i& g7 _$ O0 H 59. Interdict9 L6 u& M) x; D. Y7 x+ a; J
, t2 Y6 G( ?5 ZNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, w. `$ H: D: f+ m 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, q( S A4 T3 j9 W! N 61. Boycott of social affairs
% |7 s* o$ L* }, ?* U 62. Student strike
r0 Q/ q; p1 y1 S/ V; ^6 d0 K 63. Social disobedience. E6 V7 F2 m$ y- m7 G( z6 Z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! ~9 b# A' Y& h& x) s) ]# U- u1 b" B2 O Y, F( d5 c
Withdrawal from the Social System, J0 r, a' Y5 U) a
65. Stay-at-home
' H* U, g( q) z% A T4 `2 h 66. Total personal noncooperation. z) o' y/ i. G7 L8 I+ Z4 s0 B
67. “Flight” of workers
1 d+ I1 h. U4 y3 z7 U' q+ W! c 68. Sanctuary
7 g5 c( B* K6 D 69. Collective disappearance7 `: `6 d1 A0 v5 A( w
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% Z( o( p/ @8 t! y* _; Y
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5 V0 I" Z) l6 \& I3 V
0 Q$ _, B- K% L& u0 }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
/ d$ }- X0 v- ?/ z A# d* `' B/ l7 D/ d
/ n! Q1 a# }& J5 W8 EActions by Consumers
6 Q+ D w' H4 }/ n1 N+ g$ q3 V% C6 Y 71. Consumers’ boycott$ u' l, ~8 g1 K. w" u, d: K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# N( h3 q# E$ j3 v9 ~- \! B1 t# a
73. Policy of austerity
5 d: N$ }7 F! Z. j" Y% m 74. Rent withholding& G' J D$ g4 q h, y
75. Refusal to rent
! H& c3 H" p" h1 U 76. National consumers’ boycott
& q# Y0 v4 t" h& G" f 77. International consumers’ boycott
' N+ g* @# E3 k. [* F+ G: h9 A* ]" d3 V2 Z2 e+ l2 x. _8 F$ y4 I3 [7 C
Action by Workers and Producers" n# |5 N' ?% P* M4 N$ _
78. Workmen’s boycott
0 ` S8 o4 C. D. ^* a Z. k 79. Producers’ boycott
t1 Y: J! ? a3 p: r5 z3 A B( c: \( I( A' S; l( G
Action by Middlemen
5 V T8 U9 k6 H 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& ]5 a. E" S: J6 l+ R h; ~, ~3 x
% K* i9 S$ g; t9 i& YAction by Owners and Management3 |! T+ s/ m1 Q6 f7 Q' c0 l
81. Traders’ boycott
0 _+ P* m" C; u. _. K 82. Refusal to let or sell property! U, b+ o8 `9 Q4 \; A9 q( Y) F
83. Lockout
3 l( {: D5 h7 ]) l& k% n) N% c 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ s9 a8 V; J6 i$ Z4 Q! ^ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& V& F5 W# a, V+ d9 @- _3 u0 n5 q" z
8 ?0 q! \4 q# o! P, V% gAction by Holders of Financial Resources
& b6 q1 v, i. q; Q* A4 K' @( W 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 p& [4 x% j6 @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 k! p+ O' J) t+ u- r
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! o: n/ z3 e' {% H* \/ z 89. Severance of funds and credit; C! m; w6 ]! a2 y( `: r$ x B
90. Revenue refusal
6 U+ _. T3 _( y0 L: l 91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ C9 P. \3 w- O4 \' A7 ^6 d; [( b, u- ^% C
Action by Governments
4 x% M" d- R( h) C8 G 92. Domestic embargo" W) e: ]& [! b/ x" f* E4 r( k( u
93. Blacklisting of traders: p, c( ^1 l4 y" v; }0 m
94. International sellers’ embargo
" l) \) S; [$ K4 \1 u/ M j 95. International buyers’ embargo6 G; v, M' r* i+ I
96. International trade embargo
$ W' o2 U$ G9 I: G2 K/ Q
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- q* P$ R# m2 f6 P) l( D* f* t
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
{3 a' {+ u4 n/ Z( P5 ^5 z8 _8 b6 M
; ^; {" Y+ |/ W k , W# s- E1 J# F, U& \, N; \6 P
Symbolic Strikes
1 P# r/ d+ r1 W 97. Protest strike
3 F% S7 P! T& B! [; b5 e 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) ?7 W7 T: U Y K+ {" N% Q. i! y4 V Y6 m, Z# x
Agricultural Strikes
9 s2 ~ n, P2 X& D1 Y- C/ ? 99. Peasant strike: M2 ?: h6 `1 Q
100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 f6 q' n6 r+ {0 H& i/ I
& C! r0 q- W4 o' H0 DStrikes by Special Groups
( A, ^" Z9 y: E/ t# F 101. Refusal of impressed labor5 H+ Y* E4 N5 l k0 I4 p* B
102. Prisoners’ strike
$ h2 h0 G: }( X! J* A; \0 s 103. Craft strike
. T3 g/ |2 D3 \0 u" y# g$ Z 104. Professional strike) h2 X( t6 @: y: d! H
5 h3 n& W Q' BOrdinary Industrial Strikes
9 M) \8 N; H0 T# V4 p8 W# g8 k 105. Establishment strike
$ ~' V2 ?- {3 f; J/ E0 s3 l% ] 106. Industry strike
6 X4 w& z' q2 e: e 107. Sympathetic strike: A' p; u! x7 Y( h% h
/ Q# Y6 K* h, e$ z! I; {
Restricted Strikes* H8 t1 n: N3 t" `( A* g
108. Detailed strike5 m% X% }0 C0 [5 n+ s
109. Bumper strike
; }2 n3 ~/ g+ A5 F 110. Slowdown strike* k4 c8 q+ V; p v
111. Working-to-rule strike
- b1 [$ j I9 U) E l 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ }1 `7 k! }& x1 d- a: R: E 113. Strike by resignation
+ r1 G) _: N& u% U 114. Limited strike- u- l6 h: ^4 b( t
115. Selective strike. ?8 p, h0 Z8 E, K O+ I+ U
h9 ]6 M, \: C7 C3 IMulti-Industry Strikes
6 j+ _8 U! b1 z4 P- T" W0 o
) Q" n9 ~& T- O" E" i2 s# e 116. Generalized strike% ~ F' h& |( ~% k! s% z
7 ?% T& o4 [# m2 S2 [/ h9 \
117. General strike
: i. i6 H: O6 h+ z* r
4 G, B' n% K% z# f5 VCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* W% r" }: Z: X0 \* ?7 J5 L1 F& z5 U1 p. r: D! {# y
118. Hartal" n4 n" y$ ?, y. u9 G
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119. Economic shutdown9 Q6 f$ ^+ K2 }/ B1 W0 t+ A
2 [( f6 P& r6 f W; R* W0 o' U+ r* ` / R2 z* b# i, A, L2 ]; M
# h+ u: w& m8 N
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 S/ ?* a- k: K+ Q6 m4 j# _ k # H& q- k+ R, w' Q0 P; c5 a
Rejection of Authority0 x! x/ @+ F3 c5 S, J
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# e, ^( S0 j* t, y# `$ `2 s 121. Refusal of public support3 n- S3 p% E' U! V% q
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
# D' _+ g+ F( {9 h8 C$ ?6 X1 G( t' @# W# q' L+ T9 `1 S
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government. ]3 h! s/ [% d2 K6 \- l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 d- \7 v0 u1 C5 Z( ], r% w& N8 V
124. Boycott of elections" U! L& y' g, M# J+ T
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 @5 G& f- y0 N 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% R1 b4 |8 l( {' b# X7 x 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% n- R9 n& e- Y; u6 e
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 C; x% @, X- i% R& M& z$ u' F 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' Q1 K- x# M, x8 f" p0 T6 {* s
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 X& D. {! k1 a 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 r8 L1 k4 y1 e; |, o9 ?/ }! ^! _
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions u$ T3 B* ?( I) I9 |7 ]. k7 m: l x
, G$ B8 Y' n( u7 U0 ?
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience" d% L1 g+ O( F% M5 E# d m
133. Reluctant and slow compliance! `" l' [! O" T% R$ S2 C) L! A
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
^# G, `5 K8 f: J9 P9 c 135. Popular nonobedience
+ w! J, Q8 q* Y1 B1 p 136. Disguised disobedience
% i8 F! V9 c9 q& I 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- I' c6 `; ?0 H3 I" g
138. Sitdown
4 R% F: H: |. h2 I' V, H! S4 D4 y* [ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 z( B9 U& T/ g* E- v* o2 @% { 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, a/ L/ V9 N7 w. i* T9 C# D 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ n! L( P" h) B( r& R4 h% ~3 }% \1 S+ s7 j( B" L7 T( \) p* A
Action by Government Personnel% t. t: @1 @1 l8 Z5 _- k
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' i* B- c, a7 T+ y3 u7 v* ]8 P
143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 Z' a- j6 g8 @2 a; M8 j( `
144. Stalling and obstruction
x. H, ^7 P6 E6 [ 145. General administrative noncooperation
9 \ `+ S- J0 {% }( l8 x
9 [4 s( U0 s- x4 X 146. Judicial noncooperation w* O) \) g9 @5 J9 X6 s* H- r
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 O+ [6 x& p4 M1 p; V% H* l7 u# c
148. Mutiny; f6 S" W. Y# t1 E3 I
Domestic Governmental Action' [( T- I) }3 `
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' ]6 M" y E' ^
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& K: S% L" L# R* O4 L+ q3 ^7 f
i% \8 v# Y" Y& T0 k
International Governmental Action
- A" \6 D# c1 M" W I* U0 } 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 n$ R4 r8 ?- {0 h/ r# F2 o 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 V* d# D( v% f7 O6 ~ d0 `. i
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. f& U7 r- m0 W, _
154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 t- D; B6 W4 @( l2 }5 \
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 x0 O* k: c5 z* h' ?+ V1 R 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# I- U8 d. h* Z4 j. |7 R 157. Expulsion from international organizations
7 P I2 P* p$ s$ d/ V r( ~9 j! }/ x2 S* n7 q! D1 v
* g$ q n0 T9 R. U$ S
" R0 B8 i2 _. M5 JTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 i( _9 V3 `9 c `$ l$ m
) g6 y. K% F. y. d + V2 Q- Z) j% Z7 P$ J
Psychological Intervention
, h/ S+ I/ _: z$ x! K4 ` 158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 | T0 X& u4 E- r; ] 159. The fast
" ?) C8 A) P' d; A, y; K+ C a) Fast of moral pressure
" J# N- ~: B9 k/ y b) Hunger strike3 D9 v0 \5 N. \" H; h* j n
c) Satyagrahic fast
' w' p% M1 J9 ^# x7 Z$ w& V 160. Reverse trial7 K, |" a ]; X: D/ `
161. Nonviolent harassment; a; x5 [$ l0 \7 w$ O d+ v4 f
' }9 X5 l9 N/ A f. ^ a
Physical Intervention
9 C* T" N3 z+ Q8 b 162. Sit-in
" Y: H ^! J3 n# U9 y 163. Stand-in3 X5 @2 k) B, Z2 z1 g( M( E
164. Ride-in$ H" y3 q" x- `, f! k F7 _
165. Wade-in, j/ [9 B$ F' B3 p
166. Mill-in
' t; a+ B, h1 l7 V 167. Pray-in
% d7 U [) b9 \2 l2 q9 q 168. Nonviolent raids
2 P* C- z" x, K 169. Nonviolent air raids" E9 p& e8 V# p0 U+ \' Z$ \" b9 B* Y
170. Nonviolent invasion' d9 T. D, C1 P9 K, Z
171. Nonviolent interjection
2 |- u2 C( S: [1 e& E% m$ \5 \ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ I3 d2 l& G* Q. O 173. Nonviolent occupation- ?% s9 d2 C6 g- \9 t* Y3 f& Q7 o
/ Q3 i+ ^3 d N" x& g- JSocial Intervention8 {6 h+ s: A: N3 d/ p2 U
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 }. ]5 \+ |3 Q" y 175. Overloading of facilities
! j9 `, [* j, N0 k 176. Stall-in
* k6 P. g" I% ]/ u( i 177. Speak-in
3 `/ `- n6 m$ L 178. Guerrilla theater
# i/ z+ F! z/ n! g( H' Y 179. Alternative social institutions
9 y' T8 n9 q- S0 b6 b 180. Alternative communication system
1 u- L' Z4 H4 v7 Z4 v: v) Q6 ?; X1 }6 z! L4 |& F
Economic Intervention
% T! j; N8 p2 j, ?7 n+ e 181. Reverse strike* [4 k3 B6 [+ x8 V) V! _& H( A
182. Stay-in strike
; b- b% A% b5 p0 i9 C 183. Nonviolent land seizure; m2 q+ @) U) w. c2 L
184. Defiance of blockades
! x4 B2 g U2 |' |$ {3 y% j 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
, p; }! ~* {0 |; H 186. Preclusive purchasing
$ L3 {% J( S" r 187. Seizure of assets9 c+ k( X5 c+ s9 ]) [# o
188. Dumping
, I+ f; c) _" K2 `4 b. o 189. Selective patronage
$ t" y1 }; Z& O( i, I! q" E0 X0 h- C 190. Alternative markets
/ F1 v4 Q% V @# e 191. Alternative transportation systems& T- W( ?- r: Q
192. Alternative economic institutions- k* [# a! H, }- ^4 Y1 U6 v I
* \8 w( |" f; ?, v# oPolitical Intervention0 S! n* b2 r% B) a/ n- ?) `3 H
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 G* _) v/ i. q2 A' y! @7 s$ C
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
% N a+ ^7 F. W6 {; b 195. Seeking imprisonment4 @/ |3 J/ c n' j
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
. {+ g: r/ E# ~3 W2 X) S0 m2 ?* s 197. Work-on without collaboration f6 ?9 f; j+ E) e$ ^4 b" W* z2 G
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
