 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, d5 i! {- }' Z/ V2 n9 \Formal Statements
1 T$ D0 T( H. S. b# y$ m, q) C. Q 1. Public Speeches2 m9 S0 @. a5 e! O6 I$ U2 X0 L9 R% v
2. Letters of opposition or support
1 y# t7 y" ^( m& r 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
8 m) B0 B* q- B+ i) X h 4. Signed public statements- Y' A- M/ i o3 r/ G( g
5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 r# r0 _$ F! s7 S5 J, |
6. Group or mass petitions* X& J5 x, h+ W) _/ f4 @
+ c2 U1 g' g2 S; n) B6 wCommunications with a Wider Audience& D( B0 } b+ D
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ f8 w' X3 R! S/ k) s/ q% c 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 i, g/ F# v H
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 R9 N- g! u; F
10. Newspapers and journals
+ [7 K; }3 f0 p$ o' t 11. Records, radio, and television
9 V/ J# h% D9 x1 K3 F% H5 H- {# Z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 I1 x7 W7 Q% ]' f( A
& @ p; }+ k. J/ S) c% g# vGroup Representations
u5 b) B8 Z$ T1 q. R. N 13. Deputations
! c' k, C5 ]) p4 p 14. Mock awards! N7 H0 `! B" i2 z3 T& ]; G% v1 q
15. Group lobbying
+ Z. l4 T0 u+ { 16. Picketing
+ ]6 s2 } P, E0 X- p. b; ^( M 17. Mock elections' B# W5 w& t3 S! J6 ^2 u u P
+ R: w/ x* o+ d$ L( N1 xSymbolic Public Acts' [( {+ \: N+ X0 I3 F% d
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' Y! S# ?8 e" Y V
19. Wearing of symbols, R# _1 B/ K; q
20. Prayer and worship
5 s ~. B( @3 \9 N2 g2 u& k 21. Delivering symbolic objects
* h }/ {0 @5 z$ } j# x; }% F 22. Protest disrobings3 ?8 L$ P5 x9 m& }) B" x+ Z
23. Destruction of own property4 h7 J0 E, ]1 v; t/ \
24. Symbolic lights
! c, j0 X* |9 _- J5 W- M) J 25. Displays of portraits1 x, q& }* ?% y
26. Paint as protest8 ~. }0 O }% u, _/ F! E. W3 Q& Q4 G
27. New signs and names
$ E4 g6 J" I5 g- }- u l! q 28. Symbolic sounds
2 m' m) H9 j- U0 y( e1 } 29. Symbolic reclamations
2 ]9 o3 Z' B) |4 b9 b& E) B 30. Rude gestures
# m' W8 \4 O' R0 g* Q
, y; O% ^1 \5 \( t) O3 z- EPressures on Individuals
' A2 l( {# o2 b 31. “Haunting” officials
; V1 X5 _0 x4 J" C9 T% n+ b 32. Taunting officials
& ]# Z# y5 ]. N+ m4 ?$ L9 J 33. Fraternization
& v; V- q2 Q2 I5 q$ t 34. Vigils5 ]6 P. o& o% ?9 _
' p3 z+ _' E6 m4 EDrama and Music
% A# [ l; `6 g) {% f- n+ C& H 35. Humorous skits and pranks: V, l$ U7 ?- M/ `
36. Performances of plays and music: B, y/ V/ p4 X2 O
37. Singing
# ]. b2 x, D& ~, V" b% n) T' O) @% k) V- q. m7 G
Processions, O; i1 b9 a# c+ i& o9 q
38. Marches2 W5 I. }2 b1 s- w
39. Parades( M0 \* Z/ C, a) l3 \+ {
40. Religious processions- I+ ~0 H9 q/ @* L8 P$ ]# Q
41. Pilgrimages
4 m1 k/ m# h3 |9 J 42. Motorcades
0 `- O. E9 m6 i2 \7 _+ {$ M. R, X7 p: }
Honoring the Dead B6 v; o. H/ d
43. Political mourning3 j; b/ L5 {! ?( @! o% f- N' u
44. Mock funerals
1 I! w8 g3 w4 Q+ C. K+ T 45. Demonstrative funerals
3 t- B( [# |9 P4 p, g: J" I0 j 46. Homage at burial places$ J, |4 V7 [( g& O
$ @0 \' x: ]& S3 E- e5 @# n
Public Assemblies
7 n9 x z* L: g; t6 ?9 @5 L 47. Assemblies of protest or support7 i! R' q4 F# _, k, X" H2 i. H
48. Protest meetings
% N( X1 T' u6 O* u6 F/ ^7 Y8 F5 H 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! q3 C0 B) R/ C- i i" C 50. Teach-ins
* z' x5 j8 j8 w6 G
2 _! I8 n4 B$ P D( p- _+ OWithdrawal and Renunciation3 ^$ G8 p7 G3 h7 H
51. Walk-outs! J( s1 n0 N4 e4 L- ]2 r* g
52. Silence0 F: m& W+ N' |6 V
53. Renouncing honors
6 u: S& v/ j/ p2 I 54. Turning one’s back
9 F, [9 N' r6 k* R& s3 G) B: K! v7 F6 \6 g, ]
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^* @! M5 o$ D( A9 OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
' |3 j8 D$ T% b* S
% b2 D6 U& N/ g( y+ S. h" d# p 7 B" a5 c6 O* p- J. B1 _
/ t% U# ^. r; s* n' |8 E* E3 m; JOstracism of Persons' K! U# m$ l @, j, r+ r# d# R' d0 Z
55. Social boycott
4 ~& O# C O4 n: \6 C" L0 m- N/ p 56. Selective social boycott3 e5 {/ i5 o7 Y+ F6 r
57. Lysistratic nonaction: n4 j4 R* \2 w- |. u: C
58. Excommunication1 S1 \" m( {- g- E3 s
59. Interdict
! `8 \: {% G9 l; a
$ W7 C6 D+ v, x( r# Q) e3 oNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
. _( ~5 x* m% N- j4 e( M. \ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; T% j! j3 m% o. y% U
61. Boycott of social affairs8 p9 H w4 D( y
62. Student strike
7 M0 G9 y8 }' D. m, U 63. Social disobedience2 X; t3 q9 o3 F% V% [2 X8 L
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
`. u& t- X' F% U
& `% ?& `) A _+ qWithdrawal from the Social System
$ S" s9 R7 ^, J/ c 65. Stay-at-home6 e9 c' {& w, {
66. Total personal noncooperation0 ^1 k M7 d1 V
67. “Flight” of workers/ y9 l+ v% I% B$ A7 }) R
68. Sanctuary
% X2 n3 o2 T0 E 69. Collective disappearance- O" d9 N. i9 k! E: _1 ?' J
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
( E5 @ `; ^ A# |: o6 V* J: P* o' `9 [9 j% v4 T
+ |. P. y# R0 j$ p! ^; ]
6 }- K( |7 |- B3 b2 A1 W" s3 e, TTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; l9 n* e+ [' R5 z! a$ _5 r5 c
9 [4 x$ J/ P7 n% s1 g0 |* [ A7 w+ H2 M0 I1 ~7 \1 N
Actions by Consumers
; O3 h: C* N2 ^3 g1 E* t 71. Consumers’ boycott
$ w0 k3 S+ W( | }1 C 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
& T7 X6 ?% S' `- H8 Q 73. Policy of austerity
+ n8 i4 E( R. i/ z, T 74. Rent withholding& W" W" R# z: b) s
75. Refusal to rent2 r# k6 h6 X0 T3 j7 A; T9 u4 i! }* t
76. National consumers’ boycott
0 E' M: ~$ U& k& ^, Y' a& U 77. International consumers’ boycott
6 C( z2 s! V+ A" N8 H3 t$ D( L f5 Z2 b1 B. P5 R! l+ K
Action by Workers and Producers* P7 b* j8 v1 P& Z
78. Workmen’s boycott# e; O5 {: z( U
79. Producers’ boycott
0 L0 M% g: ]. M( k) ?- E2 D' F5 r: |6 v" o) e- Y+ a4 T
Action by Middlemen
' y9 | k" s4 h 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 k' v9 v) j- } S5 R
! k# {# w% d7 mAction by Owners and Management6 ?# @& f* z) Q+ s; K% @
81. Traders’ boycott0 a: v, D9 u6 l
82. Refusal to let or sell property! A. u6 R; c5 h5 t- ^
83. Lockout
- B- d! T F9 P& a" ` 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; R7 F; q9 ~0 @# Z7 _) V8 S9 ?
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ y Q0 r- ^4 O7 F; U7 K1 C: W& S& _- Z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources2 p# D+ b3 I" g# _, j7 G
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& u' M; s7 O/ _6 V1 J7 V( p/ b
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; k" w |2 D+ F3 @ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% V& v" V. ~/ q1 l7 I3 N( f( q 89. Severance of funds and credit
, M, c7 d# g `" ] 90. Revenue refusal
; O2 M& S+ c9 S/ j6 p+ A 91. Refusal of a government’s money& N" q0 r" S# |2 W9 W6 p) U9 m- ~ E
" {/ d' L7 B1 M8 w
Action by Governments. m: D4 R, Y, @; ~/ I
92. Domestic embargo# z1 T! M7 i- C( e0 I
93. Blacklisting of traders
8 r) j' I; J2 L+ U 94. International sellers’ embargo
; f) \- \) R( T9 P9 ] 95. International buyers’ embargo
n- O2 M3 J6 Q. a# k" n3 M$ C 96. International trade embargo3 p3 P. k( P9 M$ [! D$ t
8 z3 O& M! E D& T9 m' H ( L. H- @) y) ~: S* `
2 a' [6 M# J2 T- Y8 i7 B* Q
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
* O e; `, q) {2 D% W* j2 {8 n8 @9 d- i- v7 @
# n4 J' m0 b# K6 D. J/ I
Symbolic Strikes. c z: u+ a. M& m
97. Protest strike
) z. f& k# K9 O3 T 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 z3 {! j5 W c4 i* R* R- t& M: y3 P! r, l
Agricultural Strikes6 m) B) o" B, f j L M, }
99. Peasant strike
i0 W' z; H7 N& I0 u) k" d 100. Farm Workers’ strike; ^7 `0 F2 ]# A; ]
, n" f1 [8 \1 g6 Z; G
Strikes by Special Groups
7 R6 o6 ]: }6 |7 z: ] 101. Refusal of impressed labor
; c$ q7 U5 v# z/ } Q% B: g' o 102. Prisoners’ strike# k5 v, D) R% ]: r
103. Craft strike! T. W" O% L) b8 y1 r& g& T. K
104. Professional strike
# A: O4 [/ S* V1 G3 F5 ]3 \6 u- K0 P H* B6 Y* T& K8 K( w# F
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
8 I5 i3 F4 f/ ?2 P3 } ~* x 105. Establishment strike5 G9 F# K, G4 W( r9 ^9 f7 b
106. Industry strike. m' v. {0 A0 \' ?8 h
107. Sympathetic strike7 e5 D; L: t2 S3 r
1 D. \; |% A5 P/ r
Restricted Strikes) `/ b( V1 z1 i5 z9 U
108. Detailed strike' ?7 J9 E" v' L* |
109. Bumper strike
/ g; |( U1 \1 W 110. Slowdown strike
2 K3 K, S9 T4 Y5 |" H& U) B 111. Working-to-rule strike2 B( m* u! f" y) P4 I* E$ M; e: r
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; K( G+ x/ G* d 113. Strike by resignation
2 g. z' Y/ K# |4 Z! o1 c9 p 114. Limited strike( N- r/ s- M# I% {' }
115. Selective strike
1 C- X8 _# e! ^- x9 b+ M4 j2 D
, {! T9 M! L7 {Multi-Industry Strikes) q" k }- U2 D; R& k3 U1 d
" d' Z1 D3 b# m; i$ _6 R/ _1 S 116. Generalized strike
) h& z, P% D3 M" V0 }
/ V% i* e5 A! Y( Q3 z7 T t 117. General strike R0 Y* i- w; c0 v
: T' ?! o4 J% c3 ]/ w& [; Z. DCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 e/ W1 n* I0 [% o5 h" A9 \" z. I$ h3 T% b0 U
118. Hartal
6 M6 n# K. Y, k+ `0 ^) h9 E3 ^8 W( E9 f
119. Economic shutdown0 E# w" }6 s, {
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3 ?7 J. c8 O! m6 X1 z0 G+ p! u1 F8 b# Z: p- X1 m, _$ U6 S& \7 f" H
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' _7 f& d3 m9 b( \) Q6 o3 \2 Z o' c
, B" D) Y" d4 `) x M8 h* j7 D
+ a3 K, _% w8 k4 T5 P
Rejection of Authority2 l5 v9 G& w' v+ }& b
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# I/ m! J1 E. O2 W 121. Refusal of public support6 D& |7 m2 U F n9 e
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& Y# u& [! T1 U2 }1 V
- s9 C) }9 e- a6 ]% L7 N- y! s6 P6 jCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' W1 Y5 j3 K/ f$ ?7 Y8 L/ ] 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% ] }( h" ?8 p# ^8 {3 N: G7 x! t 124. Boycott of elections
$ [. d9 O- a7 V' L, O- m! @0 x- O 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. t1 g+ c( S" P+ c& t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies9 f4 x4 B, Z9 j- v/ R/ X
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( L/ X" U f A 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% O: L- J9 I2 S( t3 Q$ ^
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 B6 X5 `( N% w0 r0 ?& b0 t9 b
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; H& o( x' R7 L+ [ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' i0 a5 B! Q' C5 U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: t4 V4 u% M; c2 k# F" U
: c# v0 k% r5 n% b' b" O7 ]
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 L# C' j8 R/ B; D( U) \; @9 v
133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 j6 [1 f" y j, a* d% T! i
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# Q% d' _4 [( f. P
135. Popular nonobedience
) q |+ E! c% l4 N; L, D- V 136. Disguised disobedience% A% b( A, I, ?& s' k
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( A+ h5 \8 s1 R( v' {! q5 z 138. Sitdown
# ` r9 B" c$ c 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ D( G. A) {0 g3 @+ s# @9 M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, [( @0 `# h( Y' Z# A
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# t+ F, m, s! [$ T
0 _2 @0 b, b9 E6 u* ^5 ^Action by Government Personnel: J2 A$ e |3 z% v" u% s2 \: u7 r
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 p1 |5 ?; \& K
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 v# i" Q6 ?' x# N2 ? 144. Stalling and obstruction
! i7 E. S% W% C 145. General administrative noncooperation+ @& q# k2 u {" [6 _" ^
8 x2 {, l" c: r" L
146. Judicial noncooperation# h9 k5 t0 f; Y; o: X6 s5 A
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! Q0 n' Y! Z E s% J& a
148. Mutiny
; O' i2 y! Q3 vDomestic Governmental Action5 f% X% x9 @2 U$ ~+ C9 l
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; h7 `, c$ c% i; ~
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. ^- U# \' P; i6 v
) h7 E Y" \9 j6 |& U8 r h9 l1 vInternational Governmental Action& p1 W$ X1 z' T+ K: E5 G: }( b
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( s/ ^" X' M% Z3 v0 b1 ~% h
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" h( Z3 v8 v5 ]1 ]* g 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 z& ^4 m7 Y! r2 z4 s1 D. w0 ^
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
) _ a) V4 i0 \! T. h6 Y% M 155. Withdrawal from international organizations( ^ D5 ^$ N( g0 n8 r& ?
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" F/ i" R; l2 Q7 ^- \) E& A 157. Expulsion from international organizations
+ n8 i" h) f6 _4 [+ T3 o6 {% Y' a" c' c$ c
+ g* {: }+ K% v# L) A
+ S# Q& M+ F# BTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
! i2 |+ L4 P) ^7 a9 }* B4 S. r! N: i2 g0 N- \& z; V
) V. H& I* s4 ]% oPsychological Intervention# L' J. o% ^' l8 G6 @+ a
158. Self-exposure to the elements
) p) j, i- p. g$ G( O 159. The fast4 U( C- M' r- g* I% Z7 X+ _
a) Fast of moral pressure6 Z2 T! t6 J O! [2 @2 [6 s
b) Hunger strike
0 \2 b/ @- a2 k% N+ r5 C c) Satyagrahic fast
: b' m: l1 n9 d/ \0 [+ f 160. Reverse trial' v0 ~2 P, o9 U( ~4 c
161. Nonviolent harassment8 p$ A2 I5 Z- {
! u1 R7 R: {6 b: A# [
Physical Intervention1 _* a4 ]- e( \9 W f3 Z% S" C
162. Sit-in
' k9 I# z3 z4 |5 K 163. Stand-in, V5 G% S' D9 W1 e9 p) w' d3 K
164. Ride-in
# E; Y, S4 B- \: i0 J* f, x 165. Wade-in
8 l) i& {9 m( ~5 _9 k2 ~' ^" R$ a1 r 166. Mill-in' a! T6 B) ~: p/ |: Z
167. Pray-in( t- F# B. A, l
168. Nonviolent raids: O7 {& L t$ S2 l& l* f
169. Nonviolent air raids7 W2 J. X" W8 I0 a; g* K
170. Nonviolent invasion0 J' \1 E c6 \; x
171. Nonviolent interjection7 ^+ Q# w# J# q/ \8 q/ |$ g
172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ p1 y0 X+ V" H( a- ~ 173. Nonviolent occupation: E0 T( b* I% L, @" W
2 M0 N; @; J4 d+ J. I8 |
Social Intervention
6 M( \% L# T& K 174. Establishing new social patterns
6 C3 ^3 p+ K2 U0 b, R, | 175. Overloading of facilities
2 L7 ^( N1 d! L2 ]& S' Z# h- W3 k" v 176. Stall-in
# S& N& N0 V- j, b U 177. Speak-in/ O$ Y- X( F, {% ?
178. Guerrilla theater7 g6 Y( k/ `9 e: l! c' B. w
179. Alternative social institutions
v$ u1 K9 v8 j- P" q0 X 180. Alternative communication system! M! X. u9 R- d1 O
- G# S, w8 |+ y. ?; rEconomic Intervention
* U1 S7 v* T* I6 E 181. Reverse strike. b" z; a# ]% ]! ?4 @* M
182. Stay-in strike9 s% V! i8 ?9 B7 l# y4 j- R$ v
183. Nonviolent land seizure
) A! k6 M3 q, |4 h 184. Defiance of blockades, e2 _+ s" S- s/ p& D
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting) u/ d- O0 r5 E( V. O: P) L; Y
186. Preclusive purchasing
+ g9 D+ E$ @& p! f. Q2 | 187. Seizure of assets
& J, E' S0 A( @/ m) @* \% K/ y 188. Dumping9 o4 Z: _& {6 X" R
189. Selective patronage( }- O o& F- c( i- Z6 d4 g K1 C
190. Alternative markets" N2 U7 w' a2 g7 X: O5 Z
191. Alternative transportation systems. j7 ?( K5 b, B z3 p/ k4 F
192. Alternative economic institutions! v0 }5 r: u4 _/ C, m
9 E9 b& w4 U3 k, d* Z) {
Political Intervention
p" {8 n) ]2 [% l* p& C" b 193. Overloading of administrative systems* c# j% U# L+ c: M- S7 B4 N5 g3 X/ a
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, m% `5 z" N- Y% G 195. Seeking imprisonment
: w, u' j) m% B0 j9 T$ l 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 p: h2 G% W8 L5 g `/ g 197. Work-on without collaboration' p6 H0 D/ y5 s: j" s
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
