 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& Z; Y4 O1 M X/ H8 h
Formal Statements
( K2 n- q% e8 J* k4 O$ Z 1. Public Speeches
g" t4 z1 o; B# i1 _; K 2. Letters of opposition or support6 ~# J' v. V: l9 I& _
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 @) N0 k9 m: A( B 4. Signed public statements
) ^& t: N3 E( h 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
3 w2 R) E8 g0 n. X 6. Group or mass petitions
" z3 ?& A6 R5 n: F# h1 l# Q& N0 i1 f! C$ Q( ^* C6 l! O% z
Communications with a Wider Audience
' ]! X/ ?6 P. S 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
E0 F2 q5 I E 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% P1 a/ I6 |. n+ ^
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 x$ }( l' ^6 C% y) T: v 10. Newspapers and journals; u; j5 U; I; L6 _
11. Records, radio, and television
! r2 K! E- e9 X+ \9 o 12. Skywriting and earthwriting( s! R. V1 x9 O6 _
& _# ]" ?) o0 e) H P3 ?6 p, ~; a- TGroup Representations
( v! ~1 E* v& x7 Y0 ? 13. Deputations
# k+ O5 ]5 C2 W1 r) b/ {% x 14. Mock awards) Z/ [0 h: c5 `: P' I
15. Group lobbying
3 N% C9 ?8 K/ ]/ I6 c9 }1 H& k 16. Picketing! ]8 F9 j) g8 m0 ]) |3 _
17. Mock elections
! U8 [4 g. L) G6 Q4 k2 ?( E- d1 q l
Symbolic Public Acts5 w5 t7 ~5 |+ H! f/ A, u
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. [$ i6 k4 M6 ?) F5 t% P 19. Wearing of symbols
1 g! ^& @( i1 v- m$ m# c, X$ H h 20. Prayer and worship
/ A7 d% e+ ] S0 h) i 21. Delivering symbolic objects' m" d8 u. Y4 _: ~
22. Protest disrobings
6 f5 l7 e o4 `2 ?: g! R ^) n 23. Destruction of own property
/ j5 B/ B% o3 ~* e3 k2 a 24. Symbolic lights" }6 q* c6 h' E; a5 J# b: u: A
25. Displays of portraits
+ U x) z6 \2 k+ n+ Q# P 26. Paint as protest0 K6 ]: Q7 V9 \# Q
27. New signs and names
+ b- v( e `( t 28. Symbolic sounds/ w0 Z6 V+ O+ f; E; u) ~
29. Symbolic reclamations
' ]) s& s+ r6 V x/ p7 ] 30. Rude gestures
* I1 o6 J( K" j% [% q4 C
/ _1 _ | K. O/ G: ~ u7 _Pressures on Individuals
! M- ?2 _* R% m' t+ g 31. “Haunting” officials. \6 D: i2 @9 ~/ }0 k
32. Taunting officials* a* R- v( e4 `2 Z/ O5 e$ E
33. Fraternization$ u }; K+ D# U0 k
34. Vigils7 C8 ?' M, {+ \) J2 N! J1 o
& q0 y+ @& E6 o# }Drama and Music
i v7 [5 p+ ]/ L& t$ U) I) d( k 35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 J% J, S" @& q u8 s$ y8 r4 C 36. Performances of plays and music9 `4 M$ T* J& _$ \
37. Singing6 ]+ p% ~# |, |6 y8 U1 E* G
6 m& I. V, l& v* i; i( ~$ }
Processions x b/ w* {' H2 R: C& e( B: B" z
38. Marches/ s, T( F/ f# ~1 }3 ?+ b2 R; `9 W
39. Parades
4 [ p: Y! n2 G7 ?: } 40. Religious processions
3 y- b% P" `! F" _- f 41. Pilgrimages
9 f$ A% q/ b# v7 q4 D, W' R5 D8 r" k 42. Motorcades
# S5 w9 h4 l% E* |1 v( J' d" y+ l
8 D' j% d# |# [4 ?/ ZHonoring the Dead
J; m) o* U. Y5 B) I: S% U, k 43. Political mourning7 @+ K9 @- Q, |- H
44. Mock funerals. e7 W9 @6 W( n
45. Demonstrative funerals
0 z7 c4 H% [- J5 j3 P 46. Homage at burial places
; c: q& p- d0 v2 K4 i! V" j% ~* s! R! w
Public Assemblies
8 D) X( C1 ~' G; x: E) ^ 47. Assemblies of protest or support- S% J3 g3 o) e, L
48. Protest meetings- d1 |" ?0 ]: U, A3 m
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ ]( @8 e9 D/ N5 j5 m 50. Teach-ins: H% L8 U. y6 L1 g
0 C5 L- \) j X: |Withdrawal and Renunciation' u: |' w/ ]* ?; E! {; C) F5 p$ ^
51. Walk-outs' E( m J' y3 N' K
52. Silence% R! n4 ~+ F* Z$ D. ~* ?" R' ~3 X4 b
53. Renouncing honors1 \; _( m7 `4 e; F+ r
54. Turning one’s back
: r$ R+ e# d. W6 K/ _( R: w, x2 j( i, Q' a+ z; C$ K( d
" w7 d7 x7 i# s' N+ G
4 D: k/ {8 {/ Z0 hTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
, d% C) @ u; F" G1 W0 e, l- _1 H8 f3 X1 p( n
$ F* f8 G i; ^. n/ R
& X+ k3 I2 I6 B; m4 _3 G8 g; cOstracism of Persons
. ]. }" u+ u h* i: c0 l8 [ 55. Social boycott/ K3 p4 }/ f6 ?7 G. K7 f
56. Selective social boycott
* t/ ?5 g2 G& b$ [) y D! N3 M 57. Lysistratic nonaction2 h0 J; F4 h9 ?# |' B9 y2 j
58. Excommunication
' _8 n. P' k% A) ^6 _ 59. Interdict
# t7 I1 o4 V/ N% r& I+ K; f* V4 ^/ C+ S- N* Q/ l$ n" i0 Y4 l8 w3 \
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. U5 k3 ~ y; i L) V* o8 s
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
: L# L1 z7 E, c" } 61. Boycott of social affairs6 E+ i1 z; q4 q
62. Student strike
7 C# D6 e1 A2 v' D0 ]; { 63. Social disobedience
/ \6 h' j) {. z+ \7 ^ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions( Y. p3 U2 s7 I8 t8 d
( k& O* G% \, s$ Z3 O: F B
Withdrawal from the Social System
! N* H Z+ _( @ 65. Stay-at-home
8 h5 q/ V( {* O7 A$ D$ K; y 66. Total personal noncooperation) U1 _0 Y7 r9 h: ~
67. “Flight” of workers% z n7 h' @- W9 d- f
68. Sanctuary
4 x- P2 W! _& X; d3 M/ O7 j, i3 t 69. Collective disappearance
* d* B$ @1 Z6 N: A8 A& C$ q+ m 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 N. z& V9 n' j
( V8 ~0 C! R7 M3 b4 U6 P# u* q J 1 Q' H4 d% u% S
( [9 R+ \5 H9 P9 d: E; N; }- l, R$ H
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
3 J5 D5 ]) a9 [$ s+ a- W5 d
- z, Y& s3 w6 o- i0 x' t
( Q8 Y4 ?; s6 m1 M3 w3 GActions by Consumers
, i" B+ e* O! T- j5 T8 d0 X 71. Consumers’ boycott7 a6 C+ y- g, i1 P
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 ?; \- Q) e7 `* u8 t( r$ l6 X
73. Policy of austerity
8 a# C* n# ~4 Y& c. f 74. Rent withholding9 M5 U3 S/ H* W( S. r# C6 y7 h6 o
75. Refusal to rent/ S L5 M% X/ I: Q& [. ^; G
76. National consumers’ boycott# ^, @2 j; P# y
77. International consumers’ boycott
6 g- ~( d- { P( H/ M* Y+ n% K( r; V0 O0 I) t. X$ j
Action by Workers and Producers0 @( t4 g/ ~3 C1 S' j! Y' I
78. Workmen’s boycott
0 r5 ^" E- Y3 m5 O9 R) K8 i3 d0 _& F 79. Producers’ boycott
9 `% L, n# }$ E5 d2 u$ t: i1 ~% ^5 ?2 ^' h1 m( e) ~
Action by Middlemen
! M$ P3 p( R3 X3 Q1 V; {2 N o/ D 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ O0 q& ~1 d: w# f" z! y
; C( G+ \3 i$ @9 r
Action by Owners and Management
% I0 Y+ k5 l( o, K+ |; r 81. Traders’ boycott* f* e W/ B. p. K" c
82. Refusal to let or sell property$ u% Q4 \: v k& V* `
83. Lockout6 c1 e' [7 A Q- A6 K
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 U* J: k) d+ ~, _& u. g 85. Merchants’ “general strike”2 e& A5 S. D2 |$ o" l
# b& \$ z- x; n* H. s# r% W4 k) qAction by Holders of Financial Resources+ z) o% K- T2 d
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) y1 `7 Z( [3 k! i' T5 c+ A* ?
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: w$ S3 U; {3 C( {. I. E3 V; n 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest/ [$ k0 @% j, l1 \) H, W- F5 p
89. Severance of funds and credit
& O1 s" Q8 r6 J 90. Revenue refusal5 X% G2 j8 B) e# x: X* z1 T
91. Refusal of a government’s money/ [4 y( n! t! n7 ?1 B; g
' }7 R7 r8 M! ? aAction by Governments7 q! b9 V* ^5 }5 ]
92. Domestic embargo
5 D" F7 K& j) m 93. Blacklisting of traders* _! l7 H; ]$ w% c( A$ L
94. International sellers’ embargo
( g" b; g8 G0 Z7 Q 95. International buyers’ embargo; V. w9 |+ h% Z. \9 S
96. International trade embargo
0 k4 `3 ?0 F. l4 r
: w% E3 I' B% t, r/ x# K 3 ]0 L7 E( F. h, d3 V
! N+ {2 u6 ]" [* H9 X1 ~% R
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
; _8 z) k: w' |8 v; P- V0 c* C( W# W- i
5 n0 s# @" i g# u5 @8 r0 [
Symbolic Strikes
% f- B+ x5 m) j 97. Protest strike- T+ K8 u1 c+ r3 A
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# g' h" @+ r# j& x; M* p3 D! ~9 X- h& J* c5 H
Agricultural Strikes
3 d0 ]' n J! Q 99. Peasant strike7 [, b9 c3 f7 }/ X, O/ l; i% f
100. Farm Workers’ strike
) P: H! [1 O3 H1 \2 z5 w; ?; t+ @. w' `* g
Strikes by Special Groups! }/ w, n% t y+ s4 e+ c# Y0 F
101. Refusal of impressed labor ~' b* U/ _8 g8 @4 |# Y; k" i6 v
102. Prisoners’ strike+ u/ M2 w$ T j9 x4 X3 ]" ^
103. Craft strike a# g1 y, w. I
104. Professional strike
7 T, ?8 C: _ d* ~1 T5 E5 Z `- T7 Y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes) p# w M/ y) k
105. Establishment strike: p( l" Z: }8 K6 ]2 C' J( Q8 w
106. Industry strike. ^! g, c6 \) b( Y
107. Sympathetic strike! a' p8 {/ q1 r
/ G5 P* H0 f4 a+ Z' X
Restricted Strikes6 k2 M, R6 |0 f0 F
108. Detailed strike
g" Y; R" @* ^% g- O: Z( k 109. Bumper strike
' |4 }% V5 w- u 110. Slowdown strike% i; F$ ~3 \+ P- F. ^- Y5 [% y
111. Working-to-rule strike! S6 R8 D. c6 R: l* A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 B, \+ l1 v, I# B; X/ S 113. Strike by resignation, R! a) |6 p, c4 ?+ d
114. Limited strike
7 v5 O% n8 }' D9 U* x 115. Selective strike
5 v( k( t" y) G2 U w* T$ q
: j7 X" M0 m2 B6 e; L' o) PMulti-Industry Strikes
8 |8 n1 f8 b- {0 r) |( |. t2 M- t; E& Z3 l/ t
116. Generalized strike
; A" N9 l2 T1 k6 g- h+ [* l$ V. u+ K# ~( S, K* d
117. General strike
; i! D+ ^7 v( \* l7 y
|" p' ]& r( ~5 K0 Y5 q bCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ x2 e& q* s( c1 z0 @: M7 m
1 z( Y2 k- e/ A 118. Hartal
! R3 e: g# I f& c- B6 ]8 m
, g. C) r. Z! _" M q 119. Economic shutdown* U5 x8 d+ h/ z* N
) S7 K; c+ P1 Z: @ 2 I, K! X1 F4 H+ M6 P/ }
$ E7 }8 ], t# ^0 g/ Y* k1 f/ D
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
- `8 _6 d( Y2 Z( H/ ]- Z6 s+ ^$ T! q' f% a2 H" x
" r5 Y, y5 _) ]' K" |9 u0 `3 t
Rejection of Authority! ?9 p1 [4 R5 ?5 o
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 Y. Y7 f/ U5 Q# g8 R) h
121. Refusal of public support
# G+ R ^1 \; D1 b) \0 K 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
o7 ?) W2 s, B, }. j+ U6 _% G
3 F& y) k8 | WCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 M- q; i4 @: F) ~' m% s 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 u) ]' x, ]1 ~! l 124. Boycott of elections* w" Z5 u! Y) B+ w1 m1 e) }
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 ~- r# a! s/ d: D% W4 D. E; Q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# C1 }2 n4 k, @# }' Y, | 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ q, d' w7 C3 m( |) Q4 g K: e! @# t; K% Y 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 i. |5 v' \5 x 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- d w& u7 `/ \1 x6 @ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
|4 i* M( m7 S9 U 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 ]4 Z4 @$ e6 g3 d- h$ R' V# @
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* E+ W+ s/ w, ^8 Y( q; D$ T; Y
7 Y, r7 ~; G. r( A6 I8 T4 n
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. N% P% x. J+ y) n 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
+ @; [' `/ \9 }0 e$ T8 G 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% `$ `' {4 ?. x2 ^# ]* J
135. Popular nonobedience" K1 n: Y1 M6 z J9 }, _0 K) k, \3 L
136. Disguised disobedience5 h4 [7 J) l$ X+ E3 z/ F# R
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 l$ q+ o2 C( N K8 h* E 138. Sitdown8 n. V* F) h5 B* }1 ?* s3 A
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# w' S O& ]. R) j: J% F# q2 D5 b
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ j; ^3 z: b( E0 ~0 o' [
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 ~. n; C, x1 B# w- u
8 K q, _9 ?6 h" k7 d: z7 C
Action by Government Personnel
( t) j, ^' E6 R* a+ i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 O2 P- Z# t H& ^5 h5 { 143. Blocking of lines of command and information# Q d: j; g9 \$ ]. {- @5 p
144. Stalling and obstruction
; [' L2 s1 J- n1 s: [1 \3 e 145. General administrative noncooperation
+ h8 K+ u1 v6 u0 B7 j0 O3 y' |7 w2 m' Z+ J8 \& L {+ Y
146. Judicial noncooperation
9 t& ]/ l' `- |4 l 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! A' c0 X' Q2 J! H
148. Mutiny7 M' l+ [* i4 j4 Y8 q
Domestic Governmental Action
# [2 \ J( H" Z& H$ L8 d( \( z$ { C 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; [$ f+ q# M" W; z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 O, I7 k/ o( B p) B
8 y. W# n& Y& S7 _2 gInternational Governmental Action \: J# e) y) i
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 }0 s9 ^6 g' v
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; {: ]; L2 l+ q5 r 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( z; Y$ S" f0 o; L+ j
154. Severance of diplomatic relations0 d) ]" `$ w& x6 ?& |
155. Withdrawal from international organizations) \3 x- U' ]4 ^# c) u
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
: |1 g( h" P/ h+ a6 v M* U6 f 157. Expulsion from international organizations5 `" r0 R) i( a9 O+ q
0 @& G( X- ]0 U$ {9 L! k
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" K: h* J+ a/ c! l$ T! g9 S4 J
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ s! f6 v5 h# |; P4 F4 u$ g0 v
2 A0 _7 ?2 p1 k; g7 [8 Q
9 t: Z9 l4 d" _5 Y* \1 RPsychological Intervention
0 B6 B- H5 r& o& O 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( Z+ O: |& T( g6 V5 Z 159. The fast
. R6 V5 J. }7 O1 W% g+ t4 T: t a) Fast of moral pressure$ M$ S; T% I; ~ B. j! ]6 y
b) Hunger strike
$ ~" f- t0 t- i; n0 P, k c) Satyagrahic fast
! I7 }) O' Y& m 160. Reverse trial' ^" q& k) h/ A0 V5 u
161. Nonviolent harassment) I/ {, c, _% F
9 j4 R/ a: J" x A9 X/ wPhysical Intervention0 Z3 p! }5 ]) y. D
162. Sit-in
3 [$ V% ]: z# i5 B/ ~ 163. Stand-in
M- C3 v% w ~7 R1 `8 z- V 164. Ride-in
8 L; p; ?& S' ~ F% U 165. Wade-in3 s* ?9 @) n& E4 P
166. Mill-in
- q; [ P" @/ Y8 @% M 167. Pray-in6 J* T4 F, H% p
168. Nonviolent raids
% `2 S; C3 @: r0 T6 i( F 169. Nonviolent air raids
4 C" W0 W% k, H r% K( o: ?) u 170. Nonviolent invasion U% F9 r$ N' N0 w
171. Nonviolent interjection8 [" g4 Z* D6 ^+ X% K3 i" z
172. Nonviolent obstruction
: q0 M" Q2 D: B6 p& T9 A 173. Nonviolent occupation7 i# v8 e: M% l
$ h D/ z+ W* k. R; L3 l" k$ y6 dSocial Intervention; q% ~: ]; ~% b- d% J( Z1 R
174. Establishing new social patterns
6 b; z. w( y' X; D" R# g& ] 175. Overloading of facilities
' q- p8 y/ s3 a" H 176. Stall-in
) x4 o) O( R4 J& e7 `) e 177. Speak-in# e4 H- ]! ^. [8 @. A7 H; B
178. Guerrilla theater
/ L7 p$ B4 z' X ^3 y3 D3 C 179. Alternative social institutions% a5 G6 }) c; H5 y0 b
180. Alternative communication system
* W2 [2 y. l+ L+ c8 K, J+ x
" p( x8 h4 S+ h6 A. g3 wEconomic Intervention
0 }/ Z: o+ [! O- P 181. Reverse strike2 H$ |* v0 g6 u% S* a. T
182. Stay-in strike
; G4 A+ a1 }- i% L6 z* T& R9 S 183. Nonviolent land seizure9 D4 I8 Q. S5 T" w9 n% B2 w6 ^/ f, |
184. Defiance of blockades
, Q: k) v$ K, w8 w# z, W; a 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; V$ b8 a; C- G3 K
186. Preclusive purchasing
# ~! t# E, c% z6 }+ [' r0 M 187. Seizure of assets7 k# N+ U, [1 }6 ^# Z
188. Dumping
- P" x$ y' z- J' X. {; c 189. Selective patronage
% u8 D: t) @! `+ c 190. Alternative markets# C* H) q7 {1 o" e
191. Alternative transportation systems
|1 j5 \1 d6 n' H( Y. b 192. Alternative economic institutions
9 T/ S' h. u; N& x, s5 G. Y8 a: Y* q* q* N7 B
Political Intervention7 B$ z" m) d i, ^
193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 A6 F' h, _2 V N 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ s2 h2 J+ ~, H9 Z, ~7 f
195. Seeking imprisonment3 L( p4 Q/ _5 ]
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws8 z3 V7 b( W) e) N6 u
197. Work-on without collaboration
& w5 g1 f2 n& X- @6 X 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. n! V5 e! n7 Q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
