 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 m& R! e+ E9 e/ v% Z' H* L( S
Formal Statements
$ x- I4 ~* A2 E5 @ 1. Public Speeches& Z) t' _& I6 R% i( P) C
2. Letters of opposition or support& B6 g4 ^# ^6 c- X6 T; z* z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, y- M+ n8 h" P) S
4. Signed public statements
0 \: v7 X0 c0 h) r: {: D 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ y T0 z* r* ]8 m; b/ i+ B 6. Group or mass petitions* V) B& H/ @7 `7 P. g: h' V& l8 H
9 _/ v& A) [0 G8 B4 {Communications with a Wider Audience
& I. o# j- B( U1 A3 ~0 o1 n 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" I3 x9 \, v5 S6 o {
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# d! s8 _1 L) [/ O' S% }, j
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ ^$ F$ R( y% s9 [ 10. Newspapers and journals) P' J% Z7 r4 p7 \9 c
11. Records, radio, and television6 ]& I; b a5 ^1 m7 c4 W" J
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ M. N( h6 |; |5 Y
/ o- h {/ F9 p: T- [% QGroup Representations$ n) c& F e. J& w+ b7 V* K
13. Deputations
) a$ J. K! [7 x/ @, C 14. Mock awards
+ w4 _/ G" @7 C- D! N0 e 15. Group lobbying2 o, ^1 x- }2 e. N
16. Picketing
5 j& ]+ B- _: t& O* {$ { 17. Mock elections- @; ]2 y! f4 V& F6 S
) s$ k. C' ?( e
Symbolic Public Acts
- D) ?+ M" c& G: E! A 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 v; a+ k! s0 Q5 k
19. Wearing of symbols* U! ~5 S+ R+ t# q! J
20. Prayer and worship2 K, m. T g* `( l" V9 ~
21. Delivering symbolic objects- M& @, @5 l# H7 A
22. Protest disrobings
/ a4 a+ P; h# g. A 23. Destruction of own property
, P% Z$ g, V4 Y6 L8 H 24. Symbolic lights* v7 `* b/ k4 d- j$ [
25. Displays of portraits# G @ P2 i3 e6 u' S0 i' a
26. Paint as protest8 Y' d" x( ?# c4 G
27. New signs and names
8 R( I/ }3 M. z 28. Symbolic sounds
! e' i- J* b8 }& ~% W 29. Symbolic reclamations
& x. E- s* e! N; x) l! P% S" Y 30. Rude gestures
% @2 q/ }% @" b4 G. Z. [- E2 ~, E4 x8 i' [# g; H% x/ Z
Pressures on Individuals! V8 r( M3 X7 B' I
31. “Haunting” officials$ e9 b+ a4 Z+ s, `
32. Taunting officials
/ p/ Y. Y, n: ? 33. Fraternization+ P# s3 S# k; C- B
34. Vigils
8 M- s/ x9 J/ Y/ H9 O" H& b, r3 Y' E5 ^" Z
Drama and Music w9 {* O- d0 R* u& ]: s1 C
35. Humorous skits and pranks3 J* [+ h4 g) w) h. \
36. Performances of plays and music
& s! H! u; s) B' W% c: {4 U 37. Singing0 S: H( R- v. F! c9 d
5 u# {; U' s/ F; R4 G7 _+ F! E
Processions# w0 g# L, T+ t9 l' m; p7 K
38. Marches
( W$ J& A3 t) e! w3 g 39. Parades3 |5 Z. M7 E: P+ `7 }6 }; f/ @
40. Religious processions6 _. Y7 B, i/ ^: |/ C2 L g
41. Pilgrimages
$ y) Y z+ j. y7 ? 42. Motorcades
7 _( r K2 _* W% _3 z! \
* E% A" ^' v3 kHonoring the Dead2 ^; A% h+ s# H& ^! N0 A
43. Political mourning7 b/ d D3 w- T" @
44. Mock funerals% L0 y4 e( q$ P& k7 Z0 R8 Y/ M
45. Demonstrative funerals- U5 B/ B. L+ _ i' s* a& B
46. Homage at burial places
V' W; e9 e4 H2 U: z, e% { H
7 M1 y& m$ L6 x' D. L# ^6 r5 xPublic Assemblies8 [7 X! H `8 \* j2 L
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 J4 M: P5 I: c5 y3 {" w- }( j6 F$ N 48. Protest meetings" m8 Q( d/ Y1 z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" `4 A0 X& h. ^8 N) Y' M4 T+ g, T$ u 50. Teach-ins6 U1 _6 a3 R9 |$ T% Z8 {6 @) e M
5 ]4 F& e2 ?4 ]. f* ^0 h/ ]% ~
Withdrawal and Renunciation
) g3 G( x$ `* m' ]6 @& L 51. Walk-outs- A, G( V' i* |. }" p
52. Silence
* O6 M6 V ]" c! |. h- m1 y# Z- C3 E 53. Renouncing honors
" s( ?3 Y6 J r$ I' b( o. i7 U 54. Turning one’s back
* z" b3 Q7 }, M% A
/ x' M9 h1 {. E: M Q' [ - C1 X) \9 e* ` n. M6 m3 `( Y
# f; b W0 u" uTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 E5 u7 b& C" ~ y
! S* i6 z& A6 Q( c
# N+ `7 L0 n& W* q L& M, I( H$ t
" ^7 J( j6 `' |& a( ~Ostracism of Persons/ u3 k/ x2 e3 Z+ X* H) ^8 a+ T: B
55. Social boycott
( V; i: S' N- {/ ]9 ^# s 56. Selective social boycott
3 n; C( S3 }* A/ T* Q( [" L" ~' R3 m 57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 i% W/ v2 c: n 58. Excommunication
/ v7 U) _7 x2 N9 A$ p/ j$ s* y 59. Interdict
; ~' P6 Z9 q5 F- @6 U) Q
2 S6 {# x$ I3 PNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ r& y: ?# O8 L- c8 y$ j
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 a; Q' s# p) m# p: Q 61. Boycott of social affairs
" h F6 S# S2 ?$ }" Y& [ 62. Student strike# M: B7 Z8 I1 p4 Y/ }
63. Social disobedience7 ~2 W; L0 i. O3 n
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 }/ ^4 |+ n( p* |& f6 r" @1 x6 t) D& w% d8 z+ b' |! b P5 M5 r
Withdrawal from the Social System6 I, q2 t& k: r% o) l3 M' P
65. Stay-at-home6 c% N m+ S. B8 c
66. Total personal noncooperation
# g6 `) g3 W! z3 u0 t3 H, H6 V6 ` 67. “Flight” of workers
# }1 [/ r: ?1 H* y9 ~6 _ 68. Sanctuary" Y7 D& x" s( k' \2 H3 i
69. Collective disappearance( f' o/ l3 w* }' f
70. Protest emigration (hijrat): L% d5 E1 _0 f) A
1 |/ l7 M! S# j. b! X& m# F" t
" e9 |+ C$ @3 z& J' w/ G
$ q6 E7 A& o UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ @5 `) w. B; L+ ^- x4 V4 x* M7 Z) K
8 T( Q0 j" N/ U n T# d' Q! x! D * B$ I; N& L O8 A6 r ^2 B- ~
Actions by Consumers# O2 U: D8 M- O; a( v
71. Consumers’ boycott
" r: P1 N+ u u! U 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: ?5 l; i) Z- }/ Z5 ^) x
73. Policy of austerity y0 W2 y8 a; }1 y$ |, f1 J2 `
74. Rent withholding6 F/ [! J; K1 ^* P5 D0 j( t
75. Refusal to rent& L- X5 j7 N, h }
76. National consumers’ boycott
5 D4 S9 @$ y) J" M 77. International consumers’ boycott7 I6 X- m# p7 t2 j( A# l& E4 R
! H1 {. d- c; c7 B4 v! e% R+ fAction by Workers and Producers* J9 ?2 O& k1 w! f
78. Workmen’s boycott
% P& z' w9 {$ L) J& A7 { 79. Producers’ boycott
5 x* z3 e; J8 R6 W( _/ J' t2 b9 j
Action by Middlemen2 e2 A8 Q+ T% d) c- {/ {
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 I1 y, X+ C' g2 [
" D$ `" h. \. K3 e+ j5 X. AAction by Owners and Management
+ O4 K& d" e `$ `( O. q: K+ a8 u 81. Traders’ boycott
D7 g* y! g9 G7 y( V. { 82. Refusal to let or sell property( u% ?; l+ ?; u: B" S6 L
83. Lockout4 a- f9 s4 y m% R9 q* C. W
84. Refusal of industrial assistance' C _4 i8 x; c( M+ Q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”- V9 b! y7 c2 s2 v6 p6 N) k
' `$ F9 w9 ?. o. r, z3 v+ TAction by Holders of Financial Resources! k) t- m0 m5 ~, |. u* \2 Z1 M
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ |) h+ I- b+ r: @( l/ g! E+ f$ V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
* ]5 j; @# A( X# h0 H1 J 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
' e& `7 S8 s1 f8 N 89. Severance of funds and credit
+ ]) E9 g- Z9 j5 Q- Q& r% c& {+ z 90. Revenue refusal
- R9 s; e4 ~+ _ 91. Refusal of a government’s money5 [* k/ {$ V& t1 e7 \
) S6 ~2 o: J: {7 eAction by Governments+ |; D8 x. f& S/ k
92. Domestic embargo
; { g" P" C0 V0 W4 z 93. Blacklisting of traders
9 M. B6 |( E& a2 K5 v& n6 \ 94. International sellers’ embargo
5 v P% a) q- J7 ] 95. International buyers’ embargo
2 l5 S& V/ P1 S9 b+ ] 96. International trade embargo
, d0 p, Q `9 a) R$ d4 ]. L
0 Q, R) }; k7 \2 t4 |- A% i' b 5 Z; C t, Q |7 d5 W/ P/ g4 c+ c
# K1 N) R- n& z4 \/ |* M6 r3 N
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# C$ U* H+ f( k: n2 b7 ~
- t0 b: X7 S- l$ y0 V6 _6 |
* J2 P; p+ ^3 A8 v. F& V( qSymbolic Strikes1 k5 Q8 p* @2 J. z; i8 p+ H
97. Protest strike. F% H y6 }2 F1 q7 e
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
A$ X0 X# G M% L( ^) t: b( ^# U! Y/ X% a9 Y! ?4 K5 q
Agricultural Strikes
3 z M" k8 X8 | 99. Peasant strike
/ x, D, ^$ J& E" O 100. Farm Workers’ strike: f. n2 g$ c3 W. I" M1 G& ~1 j* Y
5 y, M6 e* Q1 ?Strikes by Special Groups( o1 \" Z; d( {0 P
101. Refusal of impressed labor
! W& y5 z8 m/ Y2 Z! e- t$ ?& Y7 G5 X 102. Prisoners’ strike0 H4 I7 x' A+ B
103. Craft strike/ F% T; x U" ^1 o$ y
104. Professional strike
/ N- ?0 ~0 D$ [6 w) r: _1 g. M
) z4 n3 q: D' r9 W" Z1 X0 \8 ZOrdinary Industrial Strikes
, S0 a+ L6 k. [3 P( R) [" S 105. Establishment strike
! ~9 k2 w- E* L2 J0 \/ P6 W7 h 106. Industry strike; o, X# L2 Q1 B2 m2 d
107. Sympathetic strike7 o1 y0 M1 H1 A5 v4 x
; t# `1 c# X! w
Restricted Strikes
9 K0 k+ ]: [) x, H! A 108. Detailed strike) H! Z2 R' q7 p: W5 C0 t
109. Bumper strike' {; U3 b7 z9 p+ t3 S
110. Slowdown strike
# B y( I6 G: {% s) ]. p 111. Working-to-rule strike
" l# n" \- ?+ D8 U s' w; F 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in). |, s# r* \# Z: F/ _
113. Strike by resignation2 U" K1 E1 n% W
114. Limited strike' ?* G6 ?0 _ P- S8 F7 s) ^
115. Selective strike# O+ x1 e3 O/ I; E
' b v% _0 ] P* b
Multi-Industry Strikes) h* L1 ^: f% n3 W5 E- b- B! q
7 Y. S+ C* H* r 116. Generalized strike
" ]% T) u5 F0 s& S
" J' }8 q1 w' O, ] 117. General strike" q0 f# U- k7 f* Q) y/ c* V
/ J8 }* e$ Z6 |9 eCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
) s* J& [7 |; M4 r& {5 }
/ ]* Y8 g" Q% i 118. Hartal* H) \1 ~! u6 t, s+ n+ H
- a4 P. B( r1 ^# @
119. Economic shutdown
0 F: h \% r7 s/ J( J3 J/ x% `. ]# F, s% I* j% R
% F. ]: K' ]4 Y. e
) b" k5 }) G1 Z: } \! |9 q7 [# @' OTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
# L5 C# ^, n( O+ l* m3 H5 ` r# a7 w: C8 `/ o1 G2 r+ m
3 f: `/ a7 l5 U. x. E3 ^Rejection of Authority
& K$ F! m* M- r! |& ] V 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 j( b* X( M* `) E3 W 121. Refusal of public support/ ?# N: ?: D E, Z+ M' N9 I
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
3 u4 ^" o1 t; a5 j) T, O1 ~- u9 ^2 J0 Y0 z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
( @* u& {5 d7 }- a) H1 T2 M 123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 L2 m* b: |" z# a" a' D2 w# E
124. Boycott of elections
; b( \0 y: [0 p( \, z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 P9 ?; f) H0 z; V5 w
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies- z$ |( z9 F: z+ ~" {6 l+ n$ W
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions9 Z+ u% g8 B7 ?$ J* A" s8 w4 P
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; U; E. x) H) L$ u, k
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 h, g+ x; r7 y, Z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 a4 u- y& Y* l8 Q
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# F$ ~3 Z+ b" I8 G, l
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions2 L3 m! J# e5 c7 ]5 q- q
8 W9 e. H% S# H \Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 L, H5 } M3 [# J# a6 ?$ R O
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ K, K6 X; X- a2 k5 O 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- W9 l/ h, q7 v* x' b, P 135. Popular nonobedience
' \+ b' L$ D, a* x 136. Disguised disobedience5 E8 S( D6 q& B9 h
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 i/ Q e' t/ y' t! |
138. Sitdown
! v8 {8 u7 ]' s& `" p4 u 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& G. H( E, p, s. P8 s
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 F1 ?0 z) u5 w( A2 y/ D
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, s! u) }3 U' \% r( f, q3 n+ L
* n9 t. H7 p$ ~& T1 k: i5 t* M% AAction by Government Personnel! m% l5 p2 L1 p, M( C) C
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 `8 U5 N$ J7 s& |" X 143. Blocking of lines of command and information/ b" X' r7 D1 i+ q3 o3 S7 j3 V
144. Stalling and obstruction
6 B+ T" [# @3 Z6 h9 Q, l, e0 y# J 145. General administrative noncooperation$ _. z( w6 s$ v I+ A( _' ]6 L
8 u' c8 k. ~: R# Q8 p" e
146. Judicial noncooperation/ `6 l+ i( |7 Q/ M( z+ q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 ~% _6 p* F9 ~! U3 O) @# c! Y; C 148. Mutiny
, W. W V0 D3 M4 PDomestic Governmental Action" }7 o. ^# x+ M: d# M; I
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, {; H3 H& G0 x% H$ ?$ P 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
, l* t" \7 [0 m+ \3 q" |3 q4 V% e
International Governmental Action
9 |& N8 q3 I, E, ] 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* A# M! F; |+ g5 h. s F
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; O" ], [0 P7 N8 _: t- v4 o 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, Z7 U: l; U9 F1 \8 z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ Y1 @& X1 k% K, l3 q& C
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( M/ @/ e' i7 K/ Z" E. h+ o2 r$ D 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) f* \4 c8 A! l' Y" W/ Z q 157. Expulsion from international organizations# a( o) H; m& @. j
0 N8 t9 m* A( M V
B. b+ o# ~) f2 C- l0 B
, C& D, r1 v) f4 \/ p1 ?6 U r
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION C1 c9 U( {) J
7 R) ?' N2 \6 B9 r 0 C; C8 p$ u) j4 c/ a
Psychological Intervention
5 N% L$ {% f6 i7 D9 q* c 158. Self-exposure to the elements& G3 H) b0 X0 [$ Y
159. The fast- _& J9 e6 j7 U) l% S
a) Fast of moral pressure
7 e( c3 G+ g3 z% ^1 g5 q b) Hunger strike+ {3 }' H- i. u7 I/ R6 t. A
c) Satyagrahic fast
" L, `2 a4 C8 m2 t) e 160. Reverse trial
/ n: ~+ d, W: n: s% L 161. Nonviolent harassment+ H/ A# o& Q) ?' ~1 T" w) r
, u; s9 R& d) c
Physical Intervention
# W. u2 _: l0 d3 V G& v" r: P, ~ 162. Sit-in
* ]4 A5 V! g, Q6 h* w 163. Stand-in; f% a+ z5 U5 K( x b. H
164. Ride-in4 i0 `6 n7 n' ?6 r2 d5 {* n
165. Wade-in& C# U J" `! s' ?) @1 ~' h0 e
166. Mill-in1 c- y* A/ h }4 q$ K4 r
167. Pray-in0 E. E) y' M$ |4 K# h2 w- ] y
168. Nonviolent raids
$ J+ x, g& Y* x 169. Nonviolent air raids6 R* M# R' s7 f: R% V# N
170. Nonviolent invasion
# ? s6 M/ L% G" o( A 171. Nonviolent interjection2 r- X! H! q! }: t/ d9 E0 C9 L
172. Nonviolent obstruction1 M, u. }' v- Z
173. Nonviolent occupation
) @- m! k2 S3 M$ {
+ G' @4 m Z9 X3 }/ _& A! k5 jSocial Intervention
0 m' v- r5 D- |6 A8 @& F0 A 174. Establishing new social patterns
$ @# w1 n( ~) G7 q# t2 a 175. Overloading of facilities, I' E/ b9 P/ E7 V- B
176. Stall-in
% T9 x- d# z: _/ [+ m4 N 177. Speak-in+ @, z! H# K9 V6 X' j( Z% H
178. Guerrilla theater! D% S) F8 \5 `2 w, Y; @
179. Alternative social institutions3 l8 I, L8 m- P `6 @
180. Alternative communication system) B. g, ^/ b* x V" y
$ ]. Y- P8 P! X b/ g8 r; |Economic Intervention5 z B) M: E( N3 ^5 l: I
181. Reverse strike" P' m5 ]* m& B% j* |
182. Stay-in strike, p" [5 u# N9 M, R" W
183. Nonviolent land seizure
) w- I% Z# C2 b7 z 184. Defiance of blockades% b2 G0 a! f2 e; U
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 r- @. f9 K" U% W
186. Preclusive purchasing
6 k/ Q B% Q: @ 187. Seizure of assets
9 t, {3 l5 L" p+ T 188. Dumping# T/ u' A& Z+ H
189. Selective patronage6 ^8 x( _$ P) r3 g$ ] _
190. Alternative markets
, z, A+ b2 z# w 191. Alternative transportation systems
3 I6 a9 m, i- y! L 192. Alternative economic institutions9 u9 H# C/ Q% v& s4 f z
7 H- s6 S# o/ c5 B& q
Political Intervention
i$ r0 q, E5 z4 t; i- b, D 193. Overloading of administrative systems [& h7 X: }, I8 i& u% p. d
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; H; Q' _% ?- i& o2 H( J 195. Seeking imprisonment
2 y3 u' M* H% G; v5 W. O 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws8 a; G$ k! f: U8 A/ e; I) E
197. Work-on without collaboration" ~: k; @4 ^4 O4 X
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
8 ? }: S1 [* O _8 l; s- p2 f# G* \8 f* F
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
