 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 a2 l1 J# U* I# L" Y0 r
Formal Statements
5 P7 R- O, {9 e 1. Public Speeches! Z3 _. |* b8 F: b8 M7 S
2. Letters of opposition or support
N* ?6 ^6 i& z- k+ u! L1 _ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 D; z1 x8 t0 U 4. Signed public statements/ `+ n+ {" m0 {
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
0 m0 U l) X7 S- D( B& ~0 r 6. Group or mass petitions
, ] C5 z9 D- \8 A. d% L' i4 K `" n# I
Communications with a Wider Audience; \+ ]% J# v) @6 S/ k8 N
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* F- @4 C0 B8 m 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
/ j% q0 G, V# ^- v: R1 n; ` 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 |, Q! }* g2 e5 l3 }' E& W- e
10. Newspapers and journals! V1 x4 U' [2 x+ L
11. Records, radio, and television6 q. P3 H$ i9 G# L2 {+ l
12. Skywriting and earthwriting# m- `$ ]0 c. t3 Y9 Y/ P9 ~
8 x2 \! n S/ A' e0 [8 e" O7 Z: F: M
Group Representations
' i' T% @- R7 f6 ]+ D" T 13. Deputations8 \+ |$ {4 u: c
14. Mock awards( t! S& R0 @2 c( {
15. Group lobbying7 B' K! k, E8 y, f& \' p' _4 ^
16. Picketing
8 w1 e2 ^7 ? b' V, h 17. Mock elections0 i1 N- d( Q7 N* ]. Z6 K3 |
: B, W1 @. k+ t) L: r
Symbolic Public Acts
7 D+ d+ g2 _8 @. o, v% T* H 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 s& ]* G, d& i- W" J 19. Wearing of symbols; E+ j# r2 g. T8 @& I% q
20. Prayer and worship, ^$ S2 M7 v Y# K( ?9 c& n
21. Delivering symbolic objects
; u* J- N$ }6 U3 a 22. Protest disrobings
8 J8 ]' d# A8 h( f A 23. Destruction of own property: J0 K& T& d( c, x+ N
24. Symbolic lights8 `5 Q9 [: M8 M: {
25. Displays of portraits/ Q; n+ w! P. `/ R+ X
26. Paint as protest9 ]. E; _( p6 ?
27. New signs and names
, g" |, ?0 j$ A4 H1 _: G7 Y 28. Symbolic sounds6 K- v8 ^9 w. ]0 q
29. Symbolic reclamations4 d& G6 i' U9 w- S7 \
30. Rude gestures& J6 k" t. y% ?9 n4 w( U
9 J) C+ S4 C6 ] j' G& ]& e$ _Pressures on Individuals
. n* O" R$ D6 M5 N! @; C 31. “Haunting” officials
: G4 n* l5 V2 D) y8 } 32. Taunting officials( |! y8 x% f+ ?! n0 S
33. Fraternization& p# Q1 i) }# ]: w1 h
34. Vigils/ f9 Q7 [) @6 X9 \' {
0 |/ Y6 v. y ~6 UDrama and Music
9 R0 h* H, _" O 35. Humorous skits and pranks, n, D3 a- M0 F4 f$ q7 G
36. Performances of plays and music
* \- r' r$ ? g% s- Z 37. Singing
1 ?9 m# ?* S* Q. [+ Z- T- y& L$ d5 C# ?
Processions
- c9 ]# m9 F8 S# n! ?* f; z/ f 38. Marches
( B( R: J. o/ [- p 39. Parades
5 ?/ x7 @* ]+ z6 s- G 40. Religious processions2 F7 M( d0 d/ O: X0 w4 j
41. Pilgrimages
9 F! J. ]' E/ ^3 H' p 42. Motorcades- r0 i5 `4 m2 s* D; @4 m1 c
. W* U2 p1 U& `3 K" V9 c0 K# X s% RHonoring the Dead/ U2 K7 u, V% S" i# j
43. Political mourning
: I( q% H7 h/ h4 P7 E 44. Mock funerals
" C, h% d& j6 N 45. Demonstrative funerals
2 {4 n" z( }5 O- g2 ] 46. Homage at burial places3 s5 k; Q5 I! A, _. [$ p
; @$ f- @; Q6 P5 J
Public Assemblies
) ^' v) \' A M- v 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ Z" k. l& w3 q W7 ~! X
48. Protest meetings
; U9 D: L( I2 U& \" h: O 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 S+ R1 X: v4 A7 ?$ [9 l0 M& c; z 50. Teach-ins
. H5 U: o; ~- x
* Z) c* |$ D+ i* gWithdrawal and Renunciation
* [- v4 Z8 A3 Y3 h. H. \' M1 z* F 51. Walk-outs8 Y- U, H3 n! W5 r2 n% S1 z
52. Silence
$ T2 t q2 E4 q- \+ m. l" F 53. Renouncing honors7 j' s. p& {& o- T5 C, M2 b
54. Turning one’s back
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4 U6 |; M( z" N o6 c/ A$ p$ a! `4 U# ]
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 U7 s$ w; d4 B# H7 b
1 v! v6 \9 e: O2 B. E
l t: i" V' C0 ]* {2 H8 S6 r) Y4 z1 V& k! z
Ostracism of Persons% f$ w$ p) x# B9 j, _9 c. {# S
55. Social boycott, J7 ~0 M$ Z. ]: O U: ]& n
56. Selective social boycott% d7 }) @; q. k3 l; o ]
57. Lysistratic nonaction: @& _; ]' T( s4 |2 H+ h5 ?
58. Excommunication- h5 ]! t1 Z: {5 L) t% l' l! H
59. Interdict
5 t: `4 l! q: W0 `+ \, b5 X5 H( O+ o$ c/ @
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 j" U: V) d# C
60. Suspension of social and sports activities! ]0 R. V6 v: G2 V" `" Q
61. Boycott of social affairs
- a' t7 y E* R" K2 H4 X 62. Student strike$ [& r; g: B- o, n) R
63. Social disobedience
* g1 `/ ]. y& V+ [ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions& ~% R4 d/ w) c) F* h% i4 ?# z
5 V/ m; U' @9 h, q1 U
Withdrawal from the Social System
5 k" C% J0 x' d 65. Stay-at-home
- W8 |, \# {. M, w1 b+ e 66. Total personal noncooperation
+ k/ F! m. h q* L. W! z 67. “Flight” of workers
# ]6 V( n( P( } 68. Sanctuary \: ]3 V1 t6 b" U! d' D) G
69. Collective disappearance! I, z- g" J$ i* D: m
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) o& z# c+ b' k7 H! x& c( M
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 G) z3 w% S& V" i$ d
: ]* w$ f5 h* J6 f8 e( O `' q
* `# f& Z& y( z2 tActions by Consumers
9 e8 b, g: r2 G# {0 G. X, E a8 c 71. Consumers’ boycott
- {5 b$ L# y; Y @2 O$ H 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 H+ |8 {- c4 r& t% {* T# R
73. Policy of austerity
2 J; P }* [% {, C, J- t 74. Rent withholding
: l- ^$ G1 Q* a6 R) H/ G9 m$ a 75. Refusal to rent
9 U4 Q( ]8 z9 E' [& d: ?4 z1 q/ L 76. National consumers’ boycott9 e6 ~, G& Q! b! i6 Z! `; U
77. International consumers’ boycott9 e% @6 [0 d4 a p# p
& ~8 L( a+ A1 \# e& F: Y& z% }
Action by Workers and Producers
' S6 `- w1 F$ y% t1 [) k& E. O 78. Workmen’s boycott7 E" N1 _0 `+ y' v2 P( L* i. u4 E
79. Producers’ boycott: T. X* j, j1 F) P9 Z7 \* R# a9 F7 e
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Action by Middlemen
2 \7 U2 c- U0 w 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
! k- k$ g; L9 Y- \* z) W2 I1 U- l$ Y& F+ N% [
Action by Owners and Management
$ @& S$ F& H# l) F7 A 81. Traders’ boycott
9 v* ]! b/ x9 ]5 u9 n% d( q1 Y 82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 l& g. V8 F) C' @/ [$ F 83. Lockout. S9 ~1 y9 [3 z; F, b0 A% a) C! w
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
0 d8 [2 z. u2 ?3 [ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”- ]9 j: b9 f, w9 E' d
0 u, u5 p8 c l+ b. @: W; H
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
% \! k# m/ I3 d7 C+ F 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# F, y8 A5 A( _2 U2 o( d 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 |- K0 P1 [8 r) C 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# i! }) C' d' M- E6 X; ^3 s" L
89. Severance of funds and credit0 F# G, y8 C5 `( |
90. Revenue refusal3 e7 a& K0 W+ }, W" h
91. Refusal of a government’s money8 s1 ~/ D$ I/ u5 Q( F& k
+ r, l: x, `, G! y; {
Action by Governments( J% w6 G% N4 q; a2 g7 K. o7 o; V) \0 x
92. Domestic embargo
% w5 F. V3 q6 P) r. _ 93. Blacklisting of traders/ @. \4 y2 f* W0 A5 C+ P2 L
94. International sellers’ embargo
' K. R" m( o, L) B, t* K/ s 95. International buyers’ embargo
. _" \7 |& p, {1 @+ f/ I7 j 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 Q& Z# n" |7 [ S( s
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Symbolic Strikes
1 v- ^2 y. O& J$ |& K& R 97. Protest strike$ S6 V5 a+ Z" D2 O
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)+ q( ^0 h, |4 ~' U L6 ]
" C1 L2 U$ D" _0 n4 I8 y& r+ w
Agricultural Strikes
' y$ Z* n% s/ Y- [/ c, b( i: m 99. Peasant strike
$ i+ P: S8 N' p* Z. ? 100. Farm Workers’ strike1 y u3 F Q1 {7 U* t' q3 @5 J
7 M2 F/ r5 E8 N) UStrikes by Special Groups" E1 R$ @3 M/ {) d
101. Refusal of impressed labor
; n0 c+ h+ L; ^: Y" L6 O& q 102. Prisoners’ strike" ^; j9 F$ j2 y2 ^
103. Craft strike! u1 P y* P2 j- W
104. Professional strike
. ]! _1 t5 ?1 S5 g3 w8 B+ J( f/ O
Ordinary Industrial Strikes; f% |" K1 d7 a6 \; x+ Q( s( ]
105. Establishment strike. J# |, W. J8 W+ }7 h$ s
106. Industry strike9 I0 R" f( A1 {9 J% T2 \
107. Sympathetic strike
) `7 R% ~- k8 P! s$ u1 g6 p' D4 D& \4 N. c
Restricted Strikes
+ X- {- Q# ^0 r2 ~& |2 k; g' t 108. Detailed strike
: c( k) q/ }' O1 b 109. Bumper strike
6 l4 H! d/ _: z' O$ B7 E8 K 110. Slowdown strike
$ ~& x& s L( k5 D |0 O 111. Working-to-rule strike- r8 G1 l' k, T
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& b. @ _( ]" }$ L/ p: Z0 ^0 L" R 113. Strike by resignation! t9 C& Y; U& z, p* O
114. Limited strike
8 @, a: V, P; F 115. Selective strike
; O- U6 u. _, Y
( Z: Y4 @! y+ O7 ~Multi-Industry Strikes
% j$ k/ t; z. g1 I/ s/ i
3 N7 i( m7 Z: J3 Z. J/ D 116. Generalized strike u! [! ~5 \( e
) V7 _& U7 z* K# ]
117. General strike
, ^, v- v( P" R2 f4 ^: ^' l3 L0 A1 d6 R, @
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures) F5 ]! Y9 S- c- ~
% Z' n M4 M9 a% k5 ` 118. Hartal
5 M y' B$ ]8 ?1 [" v# M- X( B4 J4 [) M4 |
119. Economic shutdown( W) _5 E* J$ j
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. F* \5 z' {/ j9 _2 t9 {8 GTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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' }2 d) p2 g0 S- ?$ ~Rejection of Authority
: [7 ?9 h; N6 n) Q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) J3 G I; \9 |7 ~3 X6 F! q
121. Refusal of public support
( Y. g8 u7 T. y' H# z5 v 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
! x1 P; b& _7 U# c: p
/ r" r* j% p% J8 u# E8 u8 }0 R* I7 pCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government* @# ^6 o, U4 t$ a% H
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ s' u8 J1 T2 _/ j8 K 124. Boycott of elections
8 e5 F! S) }3 A( L 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; i1 ~, C; ?) X' B8 V- K5 i 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ l9 y' ?3 o% Z' m4 W3 I0 S; g% L
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions; `, u4 B5 g3 |
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 _- P0 T* j: I6 D8 E- Z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 C, s# C6 A( }2 | P- u# `1 A$ r- } 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 M h7 Y7 [/ s& K9 q5 b 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ p; g+ v% D; e2 \4 Y: [ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% ?- z `1 n- f/ n# C
" Y. l$ }* y5 LCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 D6 j6 L$ m" _ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance. `, Y: k$ M& i" j8 B4 t
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 M, d1 j9 C7 g9 g, n) x 135. Popular nonobedience
* H- K/ Z& S6 Y; m! ~ 136. Disguised disobedience
& S f6 j+ c! w9 @ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ W. K: G9 j3 j- w" q/ t
138. Sitdown
$ b3 ~& h% e \. X$ t4 U8 H 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: M/ \! K. d1 N1 k" H 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 H, ~8 q* V( n; r1 x9 | 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 ^5 |0 |! b: U
9 M' r/ V* R" ~7 O' M7 v; L! {1 rAction by Government Personnel
) Q/ [4 K+ n0 f) Q, j 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% I% @$ E" X/ f; ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: @1 k3 Y9 H# [! V' a3 I& o3 S' D* ? 144. Stalling and obstruction( U1 T0 h9 K' d, K4 _$ {7 P* L4 y
145. General administrative noncooperation
5 ^! s4 M/ w" _* f: r3 U
9 d; m) W/ T- t/ @ 146. Judicial noncooperation
; n: g' f! M- i0 `* g6 } 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! F* z$ T% i# n3 N& P9 X
148. Mutiny
; f7 U8 j- H! X0 [# Q3 xDomestic Governmental Action
# e& X# V, P( r+ m- R 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, X& k) M" { }1 @ y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 r: ]! C# Y& }6 }9 y" N+ S9 x& P4 @/ d: F! D' N4 o
International Governmental Action
1 F+ m' A O1 d2 C, W. g 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" |2 l! [+ ^; {- P; p 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 B: v2 k5 o; T8 u: E
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition' w$ I+ r+ x9 I0 q- b& j# _: k
154. Severance of diplomatic relations+ ?1 ?0 l/ s8 |8 q/ n7 a
155. Withdrawal from international organizations# J* ?. h+ Y1 {- Q; U ~
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies1 L, W J' [! D- o& N& A' J
157. Expulsion from international organizations
7 d3 v; p, I- D/ ^5 W K' |! S$ K) |% O
( l2 \0 N+ N* P, C+ K& X% Y" z. e3 m' ]2 Z3 K/ f8 q" n$ D/ o
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
8 n! K& L: [+ [4 ^% K2 `
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" \- I" |( v3 K A1 [+ `Psychological Intervention+ T$ ?2 c4 u/ c
158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ T5 E# j3 g, p4 }: Y0 K) h. A 159. The fast
! E8 W4 Z, P' Q/ |3 ~ a) Fast of moral pressure
9 c) [2 p" {! E) Y# b) s b) Hunger strike
& l$ p9 o# Z. c2 e. | c) Satyagrahic fast
$ i1 M4 T/ e1 y' |4 R; _: S$ j, ` 160. Reverse trial
1 @" V% F/ `# l0 O 161. Nonviolent harassment& H; d1 s9 T M4 E' h! g: V( ^5 r
$ F" F) b( |) w7 B' h5 b
Physical Intervention
# f Q( B$ p3 @! u! s% c 162. Sit-in
" c7 x, B S& D 163. Stand-in, \) o: e' F0 U* X( t
164. Ride-in+ u. R; L0 p% y. I
165. Wade-in2 q g+ f2 B- r
166. Mill-in3 r) x3 F8 j) M
167. Pray-in0 q+ i6 O$ J9 b3 s: u
168. Nonviolent raids
6 G9 L3 W# ~( g& ~9 A } 169. Nonviolent air raids
# ~( C- o4 B$ z* d3 ^& M( f) V 170. Nonviolent invasion
# |/ ?7 O+ W& x! I% T* H5 l 171. Nonviolent interjection
# @! L$ A( L4 q* L: X) q 172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 Y* K" I) g! m& N6 u q9 h 173. Nonviolent occupation/ l# W- {3 o5 h* ~
( o/ k* u! ^; r2 ^1 r$ {/ O& sSocial Intervention
: _0 c: Q" E* [* i 174. Establishing new social patterns8 C% F' t- C4 @# r6 `& J$ T
175. Overloading of facilities* e+ F8 P8 \* c1 [! x
176. Stall-in; G& L+ c) c) o; d
177. Speak-in) R6 H7 t0 E9 ^
178. Guerrilla theater6 Z4 e! F( d, b3 G+ j" O
179. Alternative social institutions
) f& |3 q0 g2 y7 l3 I 180. Alternative communication system
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# J% P5 A9 C! Q; YEconomic Intervention
. g- a. o* f4 S1 c P 181. Reverse strike
' w' e* x0 ?' @* J: ]8 r$ ` 182. Stay-in strike0 E0 ?# S( c f" W, c& N
183. Nonviolent land seizure
- m- {3 t! N/ X3 K& r 184. Defiance of blockades
0 I+ @* T) Q5 Z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting O1 X% B( j: E+ O$ z: H0 i: R3 t
186. Preclusive purchasing1 o9 J9 z# I6 Q
187. Seizure of assets
. K" y2 n5 K0 { E. A3 e 188. Dumping
6 t; g) m1 w" o$ A! i0 W" t 189. Selective patronage7 W) J& F/ n& P0 M
190. Alternative markets
) N3 O$ i% `4 u" b4 g 191. Alternative transportation systems' a+ Z' Q0 Z. `! U `& T2 D4 z
192. Alternative economic institutions
+ ]' M. x: ?6 p0 `( d; m
4 Y8 w8 y$ U- `Political Intervention
: c% b9 Q" @' L1 v5 v/ u4 h. g8 a7 c 193. Overloading of administrative systems9 N; v$ _9 }. Y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" D( B4 V0 f! k3 } 195. Seeking imprisonment
) y: a" D+ ^, X/ N 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. V4 d9 m8 j& s) ~; D2 d( y
197. Work-on without collaboration, r k2 e( I' L ]3 L9 r0 I' p, i
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
