 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ E# C2 M1 A5 b/ F: y) [" EFormal Statements
: g, K' ?; v) M% c) x# x( i 1. Public Speeches
" N$ w8 m! X, s/ b% Z 2. Letters of opposition or support
% N/ t6 B* n3 p) D: D( n i1 t, o 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
9 e9 X6 c; @! U) f) N* w& _2 ` 4. Signed public statements8 ?0 N& `8 o1 w7 w9 C& V
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
" p2 F# @' S8 \+ j 6. Group or mass petitions
3 r1 k2 a; }3 ]! a2 V, W% ]& ^ i& M3 G* O) y
Communications with a Wider Audience
3 M0 G; L5 n& S E& ^ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 c1 u& q' h$ W A% z' T( d4 s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ o/ l7 Z2 }) q0 U
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 E$ m- S0 X( Y 10. Newspapers and journals
3 u* ? o7 F+ l% R2 C4 }$ u/ c8 ` 11. Records, radio, and television$ C. [4 B: o8 J: R+ t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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Group Representations
, z6 w+ R+ }: s# N9 } 13. Deputations' t/ d6 w) }# m/ L6 @
14. Mock awards
) K& q- {* ^* S/ j 15. Group lobbying
* k$ H1 W4 B1 l) T3 Y: s6 w( I 16. Picketing
8 ]- w) V/ h2 k: h( S X6 v 17. Mock elections5 ]+ q6 ?( C9 y& e m0 N6 G
& W" u' j4 x3 C5 x7 U& Q& M
Symbolic Public Acts& \: a" T. p, p3 E
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors ~+ ^) h7 P$ P" h/ a
19. Wearing of symbols
: U2 Y7 c. Q5 o2 s9 V 20. Prayer and worship% A% b- x( h1 E5 L% @+ n
21. Delivering symbolic objects
& I2 s* X5 S( o/ h1 { 22. Protest disrobings6 {3 k! }( i: B
23. Destruction of own property
% X5 G4 S- M7 n/ d 24. Symbolic lights
" ]' F, F! v0 j6 ?/ D9 T0 x2 a, \3 | 25. Displays of portraits
# q3 B- z7 ?5 q8 W' d' r 26. Paint as protest
, M$ v& Z8 G$ W+ T) s 27. New signs and names! Y0 S. V5 p1 M2 Y" J* e- M6 e1 y: ]
28. Symbolic sounds* o, o" X) X; a4 ?9 M/ x4 w: H
29. Symbolic reclamations8 z3 o J0 ?7 P
30. Rude gestures
9 c$ S* E3 W2 R& z/ v
) E0 ?! S/ U/ @# t; IPressures on Individuals3 ^3 S; V" S( ?) N* Z. {( U
31. “Haunting” officials1 n) ?" H: U0 O$ Q+ Q0 N
32. Taunting officials% Z& w: L# v& u. n
33. Fraternization
* q' Q! l8 ]( A, k% n 34. Vigils% u" c1 @4 j0 O, u4 {3 w
) u- h* C/ s; j, i) a
Drama and Music7 J4 X: D' o' t2 U
35. Humorous skits and pranks
% {; p" }) n7 b! {% r" v, y9 y 36. Performances of plays and music. O# V" J, S# A% _
37. Singing5 Z% J" x, _" S6 M4 A" ^5 z- I
7 q) l! p: x9 X0 S$ `/ W- U$ p: OProcessions
0 g- ^- e5 A3 g 38. Marches! G1 G M( b8 G' F2 P
39. Parades
% q' Z- {. ]( l6 Y1 E8 Z 40. Religious processions% W* g5 A) b" }" a$ |8 }
41. Pilgrimages
' |0 @( E' |8 J& v9 h* ]" |, @7 y 42. Motorcades* K, X* X: M( S
) Z6 j+ T& p" zHonoring the Dead
( B) {0 K* l1 X4 x8 f2 M 43. Political mourning
: e: ?) A" {0 V5 U 44. Mock funerals
+ B9 d j a+ S6 g1 w# }) _ 45. Demonstrative funerals
# D" t$ k/ x( \ L: L" b 46. Homage at burial places
# Y5 B1 O2 G* G
9 {7 c, O( \8 D/ p$ LPublic Assemblies
% g5 W& G& Q" T1 C. B" ~ 47. Assemblies of protest or support/ d7 Z b/ z N7 y6 s$ ?- J
48. Protest meetings H8 ^* M# [1 W9 L
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( C/ \+ l" S/ r. G. d 50. Teach-ins% s% y3 Y. B! ~4 F& B ^
4 N/ M2 A% X) {+ n: o. }Withdrawal and Renunciation, L# A) [4 x7 d' ^8 s, l
51. Walk-outs5 V& Q0 s) _3 w
52. Silence3 V' i# F+ Q# A
53. Renouncing honors2 e: \* N- S1 `5 x7 T( j x2 ]
54. Turning one’s back5 t5 @( N3 T5 W: B
& K |) X% s5 ^2 o A " `! p9 J8 k* O: n) m$ e, D
2 T9 \ V; O' k) Y5 W3 F
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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+ t Q3 g* y$ f Z; |/ t# m9 V5 g# A1 V" A
Ostracism of Persons7 }" @9 E, U* L; P
55. Social boycott
4 C& w' G( u$ z; B( m 56. Selective social boycott
c l3 |$ P. F* b 57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 r( {8 J! _4 L 58. Excommunication k( R9 |' F2 F* Q$ f4 o
59. Interdict& Z Z* b+ g5 a X3 U
" ~# K' ]% K! {% g5 g3 FNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 N5 `% g3 e [: R( |4 L 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
: T( Q# T* R% l6 s 61. Boycott of social affairs
: {7 }7 t2 p0 N7 G$ \ 62. Student strike
5 c% G, }4 X# ~ F" p4 d- F 63. Social disobedience- _: A2 M+ M; ]8 B
64. Withdrawal from social institutions ^9 C' f ~9 F8 j
+ S( R0 [/ [* B7 A* zWithdrawal from the Social System1 L; t" e3 z, O( g2 w6 J8 S ~
65. Stay-at-home! [& O$ }! y k- `2 {
66. Total personal noncooperation
8 a) H, I) b @0 _ 67. “Flight” of workers* b. r* l0 h# N& p: X: G9 A
68. Sanctuary1 z0 u* T: w& S5 P0 D y8 Q! r
69. Collective disappearance3 e$ H4 m7 D% H% ?7 F9 T3 t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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) K1 U" z' s+ X! A. w4 _% B . X+ Z* F( j! J
. I/ @0 _) F W, hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" D% w# Z( v. h% |
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9 M2 K( M' b' ~( H z) r# cActions by Consumers
) T2 B, p/ J4 C& ]1 U+ o) V 71. Consumers’ boycott
; C% H4 E- O% ~: C9 a: q N) G 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! q! V$ A @* h, I% S7 |1 ^3 r 73. Policy of austerity8 ]# B, q: `9 r4 I3 x: r
74. Rent withholding
6 @6 G7 d2 X# n) m, d3 I0 t 75. Refusal to rent
" q' i1 c- n* X8 o F( s5 I 76. National consumers’ boycott
/ s, N* w4 \) i8 H 77. International consumers’ boycott
8 S0 ^' z6 i* j8 A, @! }
* v7 M" B. |9 k4 V. nAction by Workers and Producers) o6 z! f- w/ Z, i7 ?$ L
78. Workmen’s boycott
! t/ J& R9 g; ? g! ^/ w 79. Producers’ boycott1 {7 A1 K# o9 F9 I8 T9 P
, \. U1 h; ~# ^Action by Middlemen ?! w( v9 b: q4 ]7 T2 i
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management7 x6 |( y6 g) {* L+ c1 }' E3 p/ q
81. Traders’ boycott* w% x- s1 [- O, a5 q. C! H
82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ O5 p" V! w6 g, v" `' t 83. Lockout# g1 m* y0 |/ }" Y; N( q- |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! Q' \8 r1 V. E3 e4 B( u
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources1 H$ \: F/ a2 ?; i# A- p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ m. n0 {$ W, |9 G 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* ^* s# ?2 b; [4 a
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest; j$ w' y \$ f# p+ o4 W w; i( ?
89. Severance of funds and credit
8 I; W6 K/ Q# n! i, o 90. Revenue refusal `% V/ B! C; t+ G' x
91. Refusal of a government’s money/ X+ _% s. F8 Q8 ]# e0 R
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Action by Governments" L3 u) F) ~' ?$ {7 D: ]& R
92. Domestic embargo
0 V$ ?5 n. X$ L, w1 C# e5 p N 93. Blacklisting of traders! J/ X0 S" ]7 q' l# V3 k+ @
94. International sellers’ embargo! Y* k ~; V5 n& [ e+ o) ]: u
95. International buyers’ embargo
! M; a: w; L& i: `1 G' q/ U 96. International trade embargo: J& `/ o+ @$ O; X2 @
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3 g* h* F1 s8 }; F" s: K2 N. p1 h
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' e0 N8 s$ @6 L- V9 [% Z! T
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* Q4 c. w8 w+ X5 E! iSymbolic Strikes/ ^) q, y4 I u
97. Protest strike/ E4 k* F) Z* k* t
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ Z% f" o3 Q; k0 O$ U; R
6 {( j( O$ `3 G% aAgricultural Strikes) J: L5 I3 { W8 ?5 ^
99. Peasant strike
, I2 ~5 F. J- f, ]4 N 100. Farm Workers’ strike$ `' v% l3 N+ Y0 U9 O
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Strikes by Special Groups2 t5 S( C( U) q4 g( w: z' f# B
101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 e' X' z3 n: I$ w! f, G7 k 102. Prisoners’ strike
( ^$ T/ q' ?9 D4 j/ R& A 103. Craft strike$ U: ~' q; R2 p7 m
104. Professional strike$ x# r, L. v, Z3 l3 {! q
6 v2 L& l$ i( J: ?0 Z y& FOrdinary Industrial Strikes
: v/ x2 e' N- V# K( [+ u3 t: u 105. Establishment strike
4 f' y; ~9 E4 ~4 b: \5 y: d 106. Industry strike
: {+ u; l- ]. i: z! | n) h0 E0 k 107. Sympathetic strike
& x& X6 x& u8 |" m7 h& }! x6 S! [/ X& q- Q t6 h, |# \
Restricted Strikes) `6 g& G. ^) v: x0 k/ B. d- J
108. Detailed strike- p) H, W% k/ S- {, k- @
109. Bumper strike# {2 q7 w+ v$ W. H( {8 a1 z
110. Slowdown strike+ D1 B$ d! \, F$ d. [) B7 y
111. Working-to-rule strike1 k3 Q6 u, p% Y- |5 Y7 t
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 z' K2 K/ U8 ]* K, h5 H* ^3 q
113. Strike by resignation6 m1 T, o) O M& L* B
114. Limited strike* R$ t \ S, J6 G) D( s4 l
115. Selective strike
( x1 Z7 L. [- s }* w# D
/ P& I& Q7 b; |/ Y' p7 [Multi-Industry Strikes ]/ `% h8 O/ r4 ~
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116. Generalized strike5 k% |+ u- M4 C) y9 U
! @+ |, T8 c! Q
117. General strike
% l+ }, ~$ Q7 N7 M: E+ B5 y- z0 A, F5 {' M1 B N t& y6 e
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ U% e: _; j& F. e [4 W
( X0 |% M, B8 A 118. Hartal7 V& ?3 w/ i6 \- j5 F" v
% X& i. ?- M9 P1 H
119. Economic shutdown# m9 Z a- C/ x$ y% x1 c) x* N
9 b* g" @: @5 Z J& l ]4 U
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% y: ?9 {: c- I' c7 ^9 p4 FTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority$ R; x% P: M9 T$ ]* x1 i; Q* V
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* ?4 h4 K0 y- A. c2 z4 v
121. Refusal of public support
/ I* y$ _: W- S' j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 U3 j8 ?' Y9 H# L$ h: p
: h- K* J, D: h- A
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* `# ?7 Z3 O8 [4 j( _! `
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& D- A W: V$ B) ?1 }, S9 [
124. Boycott of elections
8 l- B5 ?3 M3 ^8 y6 u; P 125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 I6 u; k4 S4 y' a5 F. d+ w
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" G0 L' H8 [, X9 J5 k; c+ g
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ e) `7 ^: _) M' x- C: o6 p 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: f( D c* H* }0 p& o d3 Q9 _' u
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' L9 N- g( ?7 ^( a
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: l ?6 y1 m M2 h 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials% @. V5 S: A7 f8 M3 Z8 s8 n4 T
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
* {. o5 h( D' Q4 v: v% f9 w/ Y- A5 ~ Z" r( ]9 X
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 S' G5 H% u* D) j4 p 133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ u, F1 ^1 \$ ]. L, J# E2 D! ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ M% K/ C$ J$ ]" K- D. D+ o! K 135. Popular nonobedience
3 R! p/ D0 r Q3 j$ \4 _2 \) N 136. Disguised disobedience
( t; V0 l& H2 B2 a' e, L- {0 H+ c 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 e9 p4 w$ o9 U# n( Q9 @8 v
138. Sitdown8 o3 r" x' u1 r! m% `' K) X2 c- z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 ?, ?' L6 ^* D8 v: `
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 a; G# u: _& c1 C% Y: G# b9 K* i+ U
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
- K8 o5 ]( P& `0 A h
& P* k! H# [ S, o* n2 rAction by Government Personnel
4 Q6 @' s% E7 ^3 A% A2 Q7 J( L7 w# ? 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 F- p5 f7 d. l) h t, g9 h 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 R' @3 ?) t2 g* R5 J9 S 144. Stalling and obstruction
; a/ [% y& Q% E+ H: Q% X 145. General administrative noncooperation" Q! S3 L4 R$ X: d- Z7 q
4 p+ u( b4 A- S4 c0 N6 R! y6 {
146. Judicial noncooperation
4 q. g4 { x+ g4 p 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' [' s v8 R: r1 r; m9 `9 M
148. Mutiny4 G) p+ X# n. m) Z" _" |) [4 `
Domestic Governmental Action
3 x4 N; T4 ~$ ~$ [7 O& {/ k 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ `! e3 l, n# I: n/ r. E 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 g/ N' \8 A3 i1 U {! Y
, I$ z8 u* o5 v1 N0 f* \International Governmental Action& ~6 r2 M$ A# b) l/ j% F- N6 f( P, j
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ h( h3 ?, d% x
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ h, `0 L- `9 f/ B6 s8 ^3 L/ ^6 r; i
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
n: L% |! z. \! A' I( l- E" B% m 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 h* _# ~1 [. @/ \: x5 E/ J. S
155. Withdrawal from international organizations! \, c( J* d- F9 ^) K y* X
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies# e! T5 A2 n$ @9 X$ X
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- w# l0 \6 Y; y2 o. [
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+ V$ k' u. G" |) F& ^Psychological Intervention
4 ^& @( X5 y- O3 n/ w 158. Self-exposure to the elements% N6 w7 V3 ^9 L: I C. ?$ z9 M8 c
159. The fast
B) s% [, I7 O# T" y% t2 |; M a) Fast of moral pressure' z- d/ X- ]2 Y" }. }$ y
b) Hunger strike
0 }3 z+ q& m( x& j' ]. B4 o- t8 O c) Satyagrahic fast* j5 t7 f8 E' F* p+ L+ _
160. Reverse trial- o5 ^9 x% ?* Q3 {
161. Nonviolent harassment
3 V2 r: F* L' R8 [) o; Y! ~3 }' e9 _+ ^5 h& {7 O
Physical Intervention( x5 Z( Z" v$ ~! x6 N
162. Sit-in
$ a6 ^0 l& c% v4 `- l# V( o4 @ 163. Stand-in
; [. D& b/ B/ |4 v/ r6 _& ^4 K: [/ q- ^ 164. Ride-in
2 M# C4 g+ o: f- u; i2 P5 l p. G* ` 165. Wade-in
8 b. j* U% @: _ 166. Mill-in
% n/ ^3 s/ n" a7 i0 ^3 D2 w8 v 167. Pray-in
6 |* C" `# @; u& L& ~ 168. Nonviolent raids, z: N) B c' z
169. Nonviolent air raids
+ n4 b. I! p$ n( l9 H2 o) u" M) U9 _ 170. Nonviolent invasion; x) s3 l0 O- n1 \5 N0 K
171. Nonviolent interjection
: j* ~0 f- {, a5 Y2 D! d 172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 S! y. Y- Z% L# } 173. Nonviolent occupation* W* w0 j9 J+ \9 y( E
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Social Intervention
9 w+ D' w. k7 N* F 174. Establishing new social patterns! F4 A, ]. j, z. W4 T8 l# {
175. Overloading of facilities
) d: ]! ^, q% A1 ~ 176. Stall-in! G' @. }* j9 ?0 d) E9 A! m5 M
177. Speak-in
6 _9 {* t P3 F+ ~% o" Q- g 178. Guerrilla theater
@5 I( v2 c3 Q" ^- ? 179. Alternative social institutions
/ S1 ^7 n( T( t$ I7 k" X 180. Alternative communication system" N2 W) x' A9 }% ?# F$ ]. `
8 f: d! O( W& u" m8 b, S
Economic Intervention
% {. R m4 J. E8 H7 X 181. Reverse strike
- G2 G/ i0 ?: V0 W; V5 |9 K% p q 182. Stay-in strike- E# L* m& g5 t/ E
183. Nonviolent land seizure' s; g D/ V; L6 d! G
184. Defiance of blockades
& f, R& h2 x6 z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# f1 X3 {7 d6 }" K+ I7 D4 f6 e" s
186. Preclusive purchasing
0 w' w9 i" x9 z) ~! h- u) p6 F 187. Seizure of assets! y/ {6 J2 Z& F- a; w& S
188. Dumping
/ o. P) R2 S1 t d' K8 s 189. Selective patronage* l$ N+ W& A6 W& N, I/ M$ w( \. K
190. Alternative markets
7 E) S# r* j0 b# U- c 191. Alternative transportation systems
2 j# U$ N: K9 ]9 E 192. Alternative economic institutions
9 s& `2 C) B# m' U7 w6 _
- q3 f2 j( Q2 R: z) h3 ZPolitical Intervention
! p" m/ |- c' e6 g0 T. B4 @6 [, l* L 193. Overloading of administrative systems5 T3 }8 N" C2 D
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 ]8 @ }5 Z) ?' R- L* p 195. Seeking imprisonment* Z6 s2 p1 a2 Q+ F/ N% ^) q; C
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 R# C4 l' ~( f% g; V- [( g
197. Work-on without collaboration
" K8 t9 H' h" _ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 A) F+ L, F- t$ s6 ~$ \
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
