 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ ^& D; W7 F7 T {; p- S
Formal Statements
9 d5 w* A7 ~0 Z( N- i 1. Public Speeches
6 f6 @+ v8 K) [ 2. Letters of opposition or support
, Z+ C1 @6 G5 z0 ` 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, c `. |1 D0 v4 a2 b( T/ W. P
4. Signed public statements, h' j9 ]$ I: P0 q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention- d' x! s0 s- |7 q1 e
6. Group or mass petitions w: L/ u/ l, [3 @' y% t
1 x5 a( F( V2 U* k" P
Communications with a Wider Audience9 J3 A; j: u3 g9 M3 p8 x9 g& _$ s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ ~* I+ ~/ e* h6 x, J6 O 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
( b1 H! y3 I7 O' k- Q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 y4 J( G I/ w$ E* h
10. Newspapers and journals
6 f: @! }* V+ u! v4 p 11. Records, radio, and television7 B) b- t6 K6 a+ c; D
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: i3 p+ [4 S$ \" F. u/ j6 I6 v% A% v2 [' M% ]
Group Representations* n# d+ f" c8 q/ Q: z9 N1 W1 a# M
13. Deputations
0 S! r N* G$ l3 d4 t1 P4 N: {* P5 r9 ?8 l 14. Mock awards
$ Z0 C* M5 W# G! R 15. Group lobbying# C1 m) m% i( [1 n }. o `
16. Picketing
: `4 e3 i+ G+ x `& H/ H 17. Mock elections
- N8 U$ d1 p3 m% E( [1 b! w* b+ y! o; R4 f8 o: E) C& @. U
Symbolic Public Acts
2 e1 S) v" @9 ~; P 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ X( h/ c( U0 g3 U8 s' T% |* V' B
19. Wearing of symbols' D( h% S; x" h [" f
20. Prayer and worship: B! G2 j4 V' J0 c9 ]0 v
21. Delivering symbolic objects
" u( [$ y$ A, T7 C! ~ 22. Protest disrobings2 r8 x+ b! E/ d" \, L9 B& g/ J
23. Destruction of own property
" r" [" a( S# X* F 24. Symbolic lights7 p3 S0 Q$ [8 `9 p8 ]7 S
25. Displays of portraits% _+ a, o8 M S% U" [* X
26. Paint as protest8 O1 M. h# y6 }% ]2 }# w5 }
27. New signs and names7 ^) {- x- K7 F: L, u
28. Symbolic sounds
( T* L- i" n" o' D. B/ X$ ?; D 29. Symbolic reclamations) f5 X/ l; r& j7 e4 r7 P
30. Rude gestures
l( e( i }0 D0 U# m' } Q4 P- u* a. O, U4 t) ^
Pressures on Individuals
8 b8 v0 h3 m! i( L 31. “Haunting” officials" L; v& |+ P0 b3 `
32. Taunting officials
* u* o& {# p$ \ a& I/ H" A# C 33. Fraternization" I% q) L7 [$ a; B6 |
34. Vigils3 } E4 _' C- V
7 g5 H. M! D$ q
Drama and Music
9 M- |6 M K- y0 g Q6 R2 |; a' [ 35. Humorous skits and pranks$ ~- n- Q( K2 m0 c* m1 _
36. Performances of plays and music. P3 C3 r/ `* E- }" X! p! J
37. Singing
" }& G9 j# K' ^
0 G T- y4 F t5 l. SProcessions
# n$ q- L1 d, E 38. Marches, b5 p7 I; h5 Y6 _8 f9 p
39. Parades' x- n( V& f3 c$ n7 N" E4 ~" y6 d
40. Religious processions: _( m% p) h* j9 u+ T& f8 [6 p
41. Pilgrimages
' N2 J4 B: A& x 42. Motorcades
- D' s1 V6 j# a% i# M! b* Y- l2 y+ N% P3 Y+ i5 G q+ |( V
Honoring the Dead
$ Y3 w+ U3 f0 p8 t( ~ 43. Political mourning4 i" A, O$ C/ R
44. Mock funerals) P- }6 A; R! m! ~3 d6 d! G
45. Demonstrative funerals+ l8 ~" H1 T$ S. O% c
46. Homage at burial places) L/ g0 W0 X7 }& S& ?3 @+ m
7 c" `1 C9 ^) Z8 F2 ePublic Assemblies
% c! {9 n; M# Z; r p- j0 B/ O 47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 ?3 A4 g9 Z; m. y3 h; I+ B+ Q 48. Protest meetings
$ E- ]& o5 K8 V8 ~ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; Y' ]/ }$ V" l0 ~3 |3 v 50. Teach-ins8 X; @+ ?, b: Y9 s1 m, l
" L4 U9 }+ x/ T. D& o* ^$ [$ z! J
Withdrawal and Renunciation: U% k7 p# }% ~
51. Walk-outs
0 @' k7 H, Z0 {, g5 {2 a 52. Silence
; q5 X$ U, L* W# w* A 53. Renouncing honors
( v* I! C5 _ y S 54. Turning one’s back8 E/ T, l! {) U' K8 B- g- ]
* ?" e# m& M4 x1 [
7 C# [4 S, I0 s+ v6 D3 b( K+ R1 I6 v6 x g
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. F; \1 L; x: A4 e1 s6 z4 W* o' {
& a) c( v0 F" i3 g , |. J: d/ B' D4 F3 v" C
( q8 I7 s5 U9 J4 D
Ostracism of Persons$ {- r0 O6 O6 z& Z- b
55. Social boycott0 m7 ]/ K: A7 Q; c! ^9 J
56. Selective social boycott* `- g5 o; q0 n, n# }
57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 s! o+ T; f, X0 C! c 58. Excommunication
) W3 M" a0 g. L7 v& a q% q 59. Interdict
7 O" d! E( g' Y
. L6 }7 o* Y' c4 n& P2 S. FNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 B$ c8 |3 _4 t7 X5 ]: v
60. Suspension of social and sports activities( k% d; D1 ^4 o1 l7 @! X( T
61. Boycott of social affairs9 m C5 k# [- ^! ]- W: B
62. Student strike) F7 u7 W, l6 I4 y4 C. d: p8 n
63. Social disobedience$ U6 _8 i" ~6 s* p
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* e, p( I- t1 |( t! ]$ P5 r
& D; G! [& k: m$ z( K1 N0 M
Withdrawal from the Social System; n( D* G, a+ ]* B# \1 I
65. Stay-at-home
1 ~$ a1 |* v! X" c7 V6 E 66. Total personal noncooperation
+ a7 z2 `- Y' \) T8 ^ 67. “Flight” of workers# F6 |6 {) l6 m, W+ ?5 d/ j- l+ K4 s
68. Sanctuary! G+ V; h1 J& ?) F5 R: d& W; f! }
69. Collective disappearance
' k8 @' e+ j' E6 _ _% C9 X 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 e! K O k6 }/ s* b4 W9 m$ P- w2 U5 B6 ~0 `0 _6 m; ^
) W' k- Z: v. ~. W( W+ b' J. J# @8 Y' X5 p
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
& I" g8 l) d% l6 |4 v2 @
0 G2 U) _/ M; q0 h/ q: Y4 F; o5 |
2 |3 s7 a& d0 ~* F9 pActions by Consumers: R# T' _, V" p7 z
71. Consumers’ boycott% ~# v! B4 p) M; Y: M* @6 X& g: m
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods2 F# m9 [) l& l4 D9 l+ L1 U
73. Policy of austerity
: _/ C$ V6 Q- ` N, G% ]! E 74. Rent withholding
9 z) s( @, m" `' [( Q 75. Refusal to rent ]% m, c+ ^- k9 x) G: M3 r7 @6 v
76. National consumers’ boycott( b$ J8 V# ^7 k8 B3 i) O
77. International consumers’ boycott& A' @" R9 ~" }) w& W
' V T# [3 g6 Q3 @: w, f
Action by Workers and Producers+ N* g: f5 w9 p7 L
78. Workmen’s boycott& v! q' P/ ^1 U. W
79. Producers’ boycott; S7 F3 i: @8 |- }# `
& V( x6 N, \6 i
Action by Middlemen! O5 l2 |/ m9 T+ T' A6 K0 g" b
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott, `9 @9 ]* F2 b$ `# m( Z, _6 d
5 \. E7 P$ v0 I0 x% yAction by Owners and Management. o! w8 z+ k) N2 F: m
81. Traders’ boycott
# S& a. r' t1 ~ w9 ?8 {3 P 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ h" U8 J" x0 O) Q0 r6 \ 83. Lockout& m) f9 J% a7 i) O6 d
84. Refusal of industrial assistance+ ] V$ i4 W3 A
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( i5 [+ d3 E2 n% I4 L2 F( D: F6 q5 g4 I. f
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
' d" L7 X9 j8 o% A 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* ~2 j& ]+ o$ W8 Y& `- P 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: f# N8 S6 }% _6 n" h' Y% X( c 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 M) Z+ B8 k0 }+ I! [7 r4 W
89. Severance of funds and credit7 b ]6 a# y! y0 z) `
90. Revenue refusal, z( K2 E8 y y; [; t% x' V b5 p
91. Refusal of a government’s money1 u9 z- @8 Y" s1 e: Y
& w$ @, J9 G/ `: @8 G5 @! l
Action by Governments3 Q, m% a( o$ k5 N6 E/ O2 `
92. Domestic embargo
9 d7 V1 B7 i" w6 z3 ` 93. Blacklisting of traders
6 K! X& C! J. r3 L8 u 94. International sellers’ embargo
% t: z+ q. z+ d; @ 95. International buyers’ embargo* c1 X; Z" @2 t- ]% ?; I% W) e
96. International trade embargo' m6 U1 p% x% F4 S7 _1 _: ]
7 K( {. d* Q2 \( m
' `0 \; `8 P3 U( |: m& G; S6 {6 g G1 g/ `8 v# R
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( O0 `/ C7 X( v- Z
/ N; C. f+ _* A& _5 C { : j1 o K* w7 O# c0 {
Symbolic Strikes' O. r" O8 D3 b. c# i$ R
97. Protest strike/ Y: Q7 l+ `* e" O8 F
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 J$ ]1 u% N/ e/ |9 S
/ _" X2 B9 f% K, C8 @Agricultural Strikes# Z8 P- ]+ m. Z* h. N. @# e
99. Peasant strike
8 s" U, x: M* q: C 100. Farm Workers’ strike
- `( S5 R- E' }. X5 J1 K/ y
, [7 v" v6 @! i# A+ X( u" YStrikes by Special Groups
; b% M* |( p# a; s2 H 101. Refusal of impressed labor
* r; E- R- m6 o e3 S3 `4 X7 x 102. Prisoners’ strike
$ @% E: \ k1 U8 z7 i: ~0 v% ~8 Y 103. Craft strike C7 f* J. T0 ]+ k
104. Professional strike
4 r2 r* O, J, P/ k8 B( W
5 B& Z" |6 N9 S/ `# ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes
2 [$ v, ?9 ?& ]! h2 { 105. Establishment strike
+ e$ }) x/ S7 r& } 106. Industry strike
n% |: a1 A5 e% i2 }7 R 107. Sympathetic strike
Z# A: _5 W8 Y8 _" \ a* N8 N
9 x9 J8 k# E, ^1 N5 @; C' WRestricted Strikes A/ I I i6 @& E( |
108. Detailed strike
0 o" ~$ O) g) ]3 Y& Z" K5 p- `' d 109. Bumper strike4 n6 x7 A" G. U4 A% p
110. Slowdown strike
: R; J% U( G7 ^( _5 I( g1 L$ V 111. Working-to-rule strike! l5 \' M/ y9 Q$ K" w, n$ e s
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 Z6 t% `! C" b; |7 B9 K j
113. Strike by resignation
, A' G' q/ D9 L$ I" J8 P 114. Limited strike
, u1 g* }0 E( j6 J* v 115. Selective strike
X% s4 G. G) r, z/ D4 n7 O
3 _' x) S, T# gMulti-Industry Strikes
# ~- v4 i3 }+ {0 w* c& m2 f6 V( o% d4 s7 y
116. Generalized strike9 g4 ]; v& S) {/ @9 ^7 `
) u7 u: g# Z+ V! K 117. General strike
+ g/ g; Y% s8 ^- o9 |" `& z d' z+ P/ u ~' n
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures% d+ ]; A' R- H- i8 g
i5 T, Y( `1 Q$ K$ ]( c' [; S
118. Hartal4 W3 p3 J2 @/ P. I; B' r& O3 g* u4 A
: [, {5 n2 ~6 T _7 w- P
119. Economic shutdown
$ H! g9 ]3 w! b5 `9 p7 B. h- j" [2 _' }/ |% g! ^$ ^) ?
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. U7 t4 g1 g) H$ B# X' W. A2 HTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 o8 s5 S; X2 z. A( ~
6 A1 U+ O% X! F+ q6 U. s
5 V2 o" k$ g: A) }0 R5 t/ v% CRejection of Authority
* j2 @# R3 |1 w( z4 O: X 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
o( Q" x' ~2 h- c8 k L 121. Refusal of public support8 L5 _' K. y1 {! |4 _9 R
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 q" S) L) ]5 a4 L6 H$ z5 E @6 h! M
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
5 y1 h; ]0 J/ S) N5 P 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: N' T+ u9 `, ]" O" ?* k 124. Boycott of elections
4 W7 F; R$ ~8 t- H: ?: D5 D 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 |( e0 x9 h4 y( S0 S3 X 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
! i1 |. ^+ o8 j8 P 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( N' [3 G9 `+ y0 \8 O8 [
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 B. W, q% g0 n4 U/ Y+ Z& {7 ^ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ z4 b( P" d! q 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. H. n% y0 _' h2 v5 _" P! x
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: K9 k* u8 |. Q# Z' J. N o/ L8 k
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% H! J% j, ?: B6 ?. b: J" q A
4 d& }! F% D; l) P" ]; n" W2 Z
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 `) ?; J1 h; A* t+ T7 o5 I" P
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" o0 ]/ T- {0 J, N+ \( t2 r% x( p 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 L- b* Y; f- u7 Q3 a4 H6 ]. B
135. Popular nonobedience& R. l4 n% g7 g4 C% q* S' a
136. Disguised disobedience
5 |& P! m' f1 H- P: T& V 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! C% B5 H) P) C g c: ?" Y 138. Sitdown3 L8 z6 e; q0 j! G3 N! R
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& e* `, Z+ q* f% Y. A/ f4 X- Y) g4 ^6 V 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; [" F. E0 ?7 f0 H 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. s) Y( K' p6 O( e( G# c9 c3 p) w( T+ `7 V
Action by Government Personnel
1 A y* {" o; N. i: |& o. w 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 q, i1 r- Z0 a. o# j 143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 Y) e& y8 {& j
144. Stalling and obstruction
2 m1 {5 S* N7 p+ t0 u' k; J 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 v4 _0 c: C: X- ^. Y/ c/ n4 w. d* J
146. Judicial noncooperation' I3 h7 P a! m8 ^; |" v7 |8 \
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents7 s% O. R2 q7 Y) U: r
148. Mutiny& z. H/ E2 t. H6 }* U
Domestic Governmental Action2 Q. ~0 {/ t; q; N& L
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' f f- c9 `4 _6 T# C2 H, G" F( \
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
/ P- ]" N: u2 E; N( A6 q) k( O0 P. j$ Q+ q4 i, ?1 P
International Governmental Action8 g8 K* n7 h0 H& S( Y) ? a# f
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
0 L) P! M1 X% |* K g* M 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# q3 n- U9 J. F/ j! b1 {
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( |# D. X5 j: e( F/ S
154. Severance of diplomatic relations& R2 g+ N& \7 Q7 k2 }! w: o
155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 H4 \. Q$ P* E
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 J& {/ Z2 X( V 157. Expulsion from international organizations# o2 l) D) E# @" C. R8 _* K9 a
: q3 k8 Z' M$ T& @ 2 D! K9 A x" v" R7 ]2 Z
. m! }* U% v6 t$ p2 \THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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2 H& o; b; ]4 B; `: `7 j
. @0 L, F/ @+ u- KPsychological Intervention* k& _+ w/ i' _* M
158. Self-exposure to the elements. U9 N8 i: A y& J t8 r5 n
159. The fast8 c! y1 s. f' s3 Z' f ~3 w/ R$ v8 k
a) Fast of moral pressure
( ^7 O; c: j0 \7 E8 n* y: `2 G: d7 L2 N b) Hunger strike
3 d% I8 h; J" E, ^. Y& c' i: e; `! e" ? c) Satyagrahic fast
: r& S B# Z$ p' L 160. Reverse trial) M6 Z( U, O0 I% a; C( z
161. Nonviolent harassment/ Z4 h8 E6 K, A+ t7 h# \& Q o
. E0 J$ f; L2 @$ m6 q( R7 F# W: lPhysical Intervention
9 Z5 x6 R R, r$ O3 X# p+ z, h% P( y 162. Sit-in% Z7 W* c& Q8 `: H/ d: j% Z
163. Stand-in. t U% a1 n" D" c' x0 N! s
164. Ride-in7 r- m3 Y- {7 j$ e
165. Wade-in5 i; L+ Y) |8 m3 M: q2 x* t
166. Mill-in
! Q( F# S4 F5 Z4 _1 F r! M 167. Pray-in
2 {/ i A/ e+ D7 M1 t3 d 168. Nonviolent raids
- l5 l8 t! q8 }/ E8 e' `8 P2 d 169. Nonviolent air raids
3 N- ^+ N7 u( b* m) @ 170. Nonviolent invasion3 }% T; e6 ]* t9 r
171. Nonviolent interjection
( \ N# M; l% N1 g 172. Nonviolent obstruction3 }: L5 P9 I4 G' F& Z, P- _
173. Nonviolent occupation
9 j: n4 ?: n' v: s8 }( P4 v( X5 E. H' x2 @5 s+ }
Social Intervention* {3 d$ t/ v1 i/ G, r
174. Establishing new social patterns
/ h4 |+ K8 P' c) G& ]+ h6 x 175. Overloading of facilities2 A) w/ \2 w) c4 W! P' D
176. Stall-in
: P" Y" o& C! \3 G5 W 177. Speak-in9 V$ I, z8 |! p
178. Guerrilla theater
' |0 N) R) I3 d/ I6 h d 179. Alternative social institutions) q1 m' `: u+ @% X6 b6 z! n: K8 ?+ C
180. Alternative communication system
/ k- b2 {' e8 k/ m5 |( F$ v/ @: S \! j3 j$ l
Economic Intervention5 U+ S# X& b+ k9 f, o" t* A
181. Reverse strike
$ ^8 [! {9 k* o4 G5 m 182. Stay-in strike7 p0 L8 i7 l( z8 P" q( J0 q1 `! N
183. Nonviolent land seizure7 |! K2 ]' l# T6 F' c. F8 r" t( @
184. Defiance of blockades- M+ H+ s7 m F
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ \7 e: q1 ^4 N' T 186. Preclusive purchasing& y+ I- {! g8 Z6 M- t3 E
187. Seizure of assets* c: y: n$ @" h
188. Dumping
9 x) p% ]) _: ?0 L" r& Q 189. Selective patronage: r4 |( h5 I4 p* t
190. Alternative markets
6 y/ [# z$ w1 t6 M 191. Alternative transportation systems2 N" H5 f8 H: ~9 o3 T
192. Alternative economic institutions8 [4 w; \! S! b; n6 x6 K/ ?6 Q
5 X3 W, O0 z3 x: r( p1 bPolitical Intervention/ U; J0 I. ?4 {5 d, T9 C' v
193. Overloading of administrative systems) @% ]& V9 z) \& \+ n0 M- B' G
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( p6 M- X* K- }, v y! E6 i
195. Seeking imprisonment6 I, V5 \8 R3 R
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! S w G. N* C
197. Work-on without collaboration
5 P* ]% d6 |# q. S2 [ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government9 c6 a! ]) [/ @5 B
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
