 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 F2 s0 }. N' ^; y
Formal Statements) N9 k3 c2 E7 p f# d# E) `- ?5 V
1. Public Speeches2 `1 c& r2 n/ `* _4 m) d
2. Letters of opposition or support$ D' A2 f; q y# g4 |
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; j0 d4 v5 S" ]! i% T 4. Signed public statements) T; c9 b3 _" ^
5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 B7 r* d( V7 ]; `# B G$ K
6. Group or mass petitions. Y8 `. f, U. Q
; |/ J2 Y0 m1 U H3 {/ m; w
Communications with a Wider Audience. ~" N; x1 ^! e
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 [+ _0 r) W& I9 n
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, ^2 ]2 ^/ _# J% o" v9 r P
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ T) a. v! f. t3 q; `8 Z7 {
10. Newspapers and journals
% L, U5 u* b6 T, E; ~ x0 X8 _0 N 11. Records, radio, and television) a- I9 h5 g! @6 Q' h0 B& g
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- h* i- E4 S9 a7 m) r: l+ z
$ x7 @; ~- X3 ?* GGroup Representations
1 h- A D7 T9 X 13. Deputations- M% w' b# S0 M& Q% V, ]
14. Mock awards
9 K& R% a3 v$ O0 X' i! } 15. Group lobbying8 ^% \0 ~; D2 W i: o
16. Picketing3 s# e4 |2 g S' Q$ z2 c
17. Mock elections
. u; D' ] H; E( d& ^6 G% [" R8 S+ X) N! t: o" n) |; }' k0 F
Symbolic Public Acts
9 R! w# g3 Z6 B: c+ t9 F 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ m" N3 `8 e( R2 ]: M- y4 F/ T
19. Wearing of symbols
. E- p3 V) @& ?" u; U- A4 d- Z& ~ 20. Prayer and worship S( i6 l$ s7 i: i6 R) ~% u
21. Delivering symbolic objects
Q4 ~, f3 Z) ~2 g% [# d) L' Z# W" g 22. Protest disrobings
1 @4 F8 k* G7 ?' l! H1 a3 a 23. Destruction of own property
! M- B3 W. A* k7 O' j Z 24. Symbolic lights O( s, y( B Z3 ^. \3 a
25. Displays of portraits& n3 P) y( `* ^9 Z4 l- P
26. Paint as protest J+ M) i- [7 A- P( C9 \. \! h8 |4 C) j
27. New signs and names" _6 |: ]- G+ ?* e9 o! s8 l
28. Symbolic sounds% y1 W3 [2 T9 c3 w: v X' ?; E
29. Symbolic reclamations
7 X7 }% I. j T2 A4 L5 z 30. Rude gestures) D$ N( `# N5 k- ?: s& {
0 q/ D8 t {3 Z3 K+ c
Pressures on Individuals8 d" i" }' S! S1 d( E% C0 m: o
31. “Haunting” officials) X# X- c! @6 q9 Z
32. Taunting officials
W6 z4 Y& q/ \2 I% I 33. Fraternization4 D% u) K" T9 ~" L& g2 R0 J7 z
34. Vigils7 f9 [- j, \! g: Y
. ?7 i, N# e. Y: m; O
Drama and Music9 V+ C* W, Y* Z- C% N
35. Humorous skits and pranks2 g/ h+ y( G5 H* j1 V4 Z) x
36. Performances of plays and music5 V7 x& k/ |- u) ^% P
37. Singing6 |. ^9 u' X+ S. p: f/ y. s
5 v4 l+ ~& ~. h; B7 e Z& DProcessions0 a/ s: N4 Y+ t0 L! y. `$ P9 ^# m
38. Marches
. ]" B, \ v$ s3 Y6 ^8 l1 W9 m% A6 [ 39. Parades2 p7 `8 ]0 N. S- K/ C: Y* Z& g, ^
40. Religious processions8 c- | E* Z8 t" j8 C9 _; @( m
41. Pilgrimages
# H* z. G% P. H4 f4 f( N! ? 42. Motorcades
$ v+ P% \ C7 A: I( R" D# b) D7 ~" ]& `2 \- Y+ w% f+ u5 k# U0 w
Honoring the Dead }& {* k6 r8 R4 d' L( Z# \& ~
43. Political mourning
2 c0 }8 B3 u/ ~" c% d8 L 44. Mock funerals: L' z1 ~* E% i8 G1 r
45. Demonstrative funerals4 d$ c1 `1 c1 r% {
46. Homage at burial places
3 H. y c1 Q* T, M, {8 x4 X: Q) P* c
Public Assemblies$ n3 Z9 x3 |( w7 [7 T4 Q( T
47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 u: @- X+ j; F 48. Protest meetings
* v7 R' F5 p2 w& R3 V( C 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
* u F0 @# ^% ^1 {0 e, P% ` 50. Teach-ins
, u0 a" p( j# o$ K8 c5 b& M/ o1 [) J
Withdrawal and Renunciation X, t. d( f6 M
51. Walk-outs
+ l8 r. @: Y& D8 ~ 52. Silence
: R5 e4 r* N* j( O5 M9 D 53. Renouncing honors
# h; ]- T" B. q 54. Turning one’s back t6 b; M: d* D! u1 ]+ }
$ Y" ]% g3 k& t' f
2 C* V0 c7 D* @/ {, \8 c* T
6 p. S, c i9 R" m
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 S; p. H" N; j. [( M' E& g) C9 ?9 q& |& B9 M" j, q& i) C9 B* ^
5 _# Y9 q6 c$ U! h+ K. f, A6 z% H# P# B8 d* r
Ostracism of Persons
8 r1 B. ^. e, P1 u 55. Social boycott
- D4 V6 T6 v/ r0 V3 B 56. Selective social boycott
: B7 J( z3 r, n; h* ` 57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 c, @ ]/ m; h' I% C 58. Excommunication' s- e; e4 a }: [
59. Interdict) w& n/ F% {( n8 q, u9 V! P1 W
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. b( b2 C/ g* K" q' t: H* u
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) j+ H( K4 e( h: d 61. Boycott of social affairs& w& g7 O! V0 B# X- d4 Z4 _
62. Student strike
, Z5 j9 B( e1 E! n. U/ X: I 63. Social disobedience
4 C, w& c+ r/ j- Z/ {/ n 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ }! K8 [# ]6 @, E) U2 t4 _$ g# q6 ~3 t4 O! t: t
Withdrawal from the Social System4 s4 B* X) h0 G, C
65. Stay-at-home
2 S# {( R2 @; T3 P! T; U 66. Total personal noncooperation- s2 R+ v3 C; q: @
67. “Flight” of workers
" @% U1 D, T& J. }* G' B/ [' y 68. Sanctuary/ O3 A3 R5 B x' x+ H. k- L
69. Collective disappearance
, C+ ^+ k7 i; ^; h+ l" a 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
! \: O' m/ s/ n. M* \% x$ r8 Z6 \5 S9 s0 y4 x, x# e' a
& V" I- ]8 f* [1 n
& F5 |( ?, f X5 cTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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{# [% ^! s3 O! a4 I! h6 ^1 {
Actions by Consumers
, {# f9 Y, s3 Z! V 71. Consumers’ boycott9 W$ @. F b2 ^; S$ U8 o1 W
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' Z4 }% X* X* k: v( m 73. Policy of austerity
7 z' x' L7 a3 c# d% v 74. Rent withholding+ K- s! @$ [% X! \( S/ g' `6 [
75. Refusal to rent
2 j6 J9 h7 Q$ A1 k q3 S; P8 ]7 R( G0 L 76. National consumers’ boycott% ~, F7 k+ Z. U0 Q
77. International consumers’ boycott
V2 o0 u5 t! u( Z x4 p9 Y8 \; K' ?& Z
Action by Workers and Producers9 h, V N3 P) B4 m) W
78. Workmen’s boycott: n/ X4 D9 _, U" N
79. Producers’ boycott
& a6 ^; U# t8 `2 c5 o' S- r
& @! Q' Y' ]! m) A1 xAction by Middlemen
6 K' U, d0 Q' X- m 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott, \& p9 U+ o/ r( M
: D& _8 a! M! K9 J$ s+ t" K8 cAction by Owners and Management
8 ?+ u- B) E2 @3 t 81. Traders’ boycott4 `" s" L' W& W& t4 \1 [( \; E
82. Refusal to let or sell property
3 {: S+ J( l9 H; p 83. Lockout
, n9 J, d ?- x. t+ {$ \( {! Z& K 84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ V/ g9 ~1 b9 q+ X
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& U0 Y5 H: P5 C2 L+ p# ^2 y7 d4 b* E: Z. {- o
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
/ L9 z4 y* G! l1 k4 _. D 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ g4 A8 f& \3 t# Z3 b# F- @8 I 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments6 p4 q, q; I. b7 b$ q8 Z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest$ P) T9 F& l' L+ I! U7 s: e
89. Severance of funds and credit3 o* @5 j5 D2 \& t5 U
90. Revenue refusal
/ Y4 L7 t+ ?) O- M& s 91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ ?$ o5 N0 s, f a9 }5 L
5 y1 F3 d) }/ ^/ MAction by Governments u+ G6 S5 y0 Q7 @8 k5 C6 K* O
92. Domestic embargo# f4 W b2 m, k; p6 a
93. Blacklisting of traders3 s, s( I* k0 v: v8 Z# ^
94. International sellers’ embargo7 Q8 [1 P( U7 ]5 q
95. International buyers’ embargo. J5 n2 M1 c6 R* o) I0 r" j
96. International trade embargo' Q$ s: ^ K, m% C- Y# J
8 {3 y1 f h) x/ p6 R, I; u5 V( U
r, F. r! T% p: [1 f0 |( n* N3 C$ n% i/ |5 ^9 L+ s4 e: U2 G- L
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 i, ^: ?' X V
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8 y; }1 h! N zSymbolic Strikes0 A. Y; {8 d8 |7 M) b
97. Protest strike3 f/ h& W0 h/ Q: l+ k! B* }! m
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
* I2 H8 r& t/ o* \
( i7 K% V9 u+ {6 j( NAgricultural Strikes& S+ I m) z; m3 @6 i2 I/ Y) V* }6 V
99. Peasant strike" T9 j1 X7 ~$ q. b
100. Farm Workers’ strike* i: `! n+ }" R6 b! A
0 i4 W0 J7 \$ Q( c3 z' z
Strikes by Special Groups' I) B# J8 M, b, o1 t d+ Q7 g
101. Refusal of impressed labor
! E2 O+ |! s* Q: V 102. Prisoners’ strike3 L) d2 [3 c, l M
103. Craft strike
' y: s; k9 i$ N9 @! R* x5 q 104. Professional strike* g3 m, N* r" H1 N
8 v, S/ w+ D( \# n+ HOrdinary Industrial Strikes1 d) M1 Q) h" u y, ?+ x0 v0 ?
105. Establishment strike$ F! Z i6 w1 p* L. m
106. Industry strike, O4 B" a8 P, I4 t) @
107. Sympathetic strike
: x- L {5 S* {4 W% F* C6 {' _5 G4 I# J3 J
Restricted Strikes
9 [8 N) \, {, j 108. Detailed strike7 Y2 k- l5 p3 L9 l& ^
109. Bumper strike: q+ T6 ^: q& h6 K
110. Slowdown strike& Y$ `( p+ o" k. w: a2 J' O7 R3 L
111. Working-to-rule strike$ r* }/ i6 j& ?$ v
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 f i R0 H9 A F- s2 I# H
113. Strike by resignation
6 [* J0 P, H; M& e2 E 114. Limited strike* b1 X3 A4 m. X3 v/ {( e% Q" e
115. Selective strike
4 y3 _6 Z6 X2 A A6 v7 D( v/ Z/ d: ]8 U+ c- C
Multi-Industry Strikes
. L" ?5 ], \; W1 f( P) b. V/ e- _3 U9 `6 L4 b
116. Generalized strike
& C% @7 z* g" Q0 s4 L, T# x6 R7 X/ B
117. General strike
8 M8 a" x" {9 C% D* H: \) @% Q/ ^4 `3 p+ \! q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures# t& t' |9 t: G, U
5 Y* b% @( y, ^! w5 `4 A' }0 r 118. Hartal
) M# t# v2 D% ~8 D6 }+ p: T A0 V" ?( _7 P
119. Economic shutdown- s0 j* x5 p4 L, i% x
2 w6 T( }+ V% G1 w# v% X9 L : N$ W6 p$ H. y" {
% Z8 D: f# ?2 `' A5 G
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
4 U1 z7 \# D2 w! h2 e5 s5 @% F
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/ r; s# w* h/ Y# R0 ? d7 X5 TRejection of Authority
2 e$ B6 `: ]- Z7 ], G 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 t7 j% s/ ~5 w- E5 w$ k
121. Refusal of public support
2 N0 F4 @& K$ D( i- Q ~: G5 F 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
% Y: e- Q; R# W7 L* f$ T1 Y1 b9 N: T" y1 O- L
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* s/ [' [, P3 ~2 l; A6 L 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ b- I8 h, n" F/ }0 B) O 124. Boycott of elections
& ]. K& v% x" i: l0 f$ E9 g 125. Boycott of government employment and positions; ?% A; T2 d7 }+ R! K3 J4 _* g
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ p3 p6 g/ P% S, W* ]
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) J# q' G. ?4 t# i- H/ d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, N4 R% r. W) F+ n0 v
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 u7 p6 m9 t3 K A
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; T" W! p6 H" }' z5 q: D- `8 z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 W# U. l0 F3 N2 h8 {+ P/ K, Z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions2 @% i$ Z6 w& }' H8 U5 H
5 Z' j- q/ S6 Q1 i. dCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 I) c* [8 v3 B, Q P
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* U- ?- R e! ?. k E( m 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 _7 K! F t$ l" x: P1 \8 x 135. Popular nonobedience
0 F6 p) B) f- V 136. Disguised disobedience$ N' i+ ~, ]; S) x% a
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( A" _. k% D2 ^* X 138. Sitdown% Y+ V' x( e" j( o+ h% h
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* z- ], H) P/ S: K- m
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 X6 V. w: T& |2 ^/ Z9 M
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 V6 P1 C9 T! R. p
9 y6 j. n6 J0 ]/ y1 S0 UAction by Government Personnel
& d# {! Q% ^+ p3 x; g; v# W8 i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 ^) T- H8 J+ u# S/ o
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. l7 t# u3 [% h' e 144. Stalling and obstruction9 n! e5 Q- Z+ I/ `
145. General administrative noncooperation
$ J$ U, g9 O% z
) }0 ?% r1 O6 w6 [ U 146. Judicial noncooperation
2 F8 L9 i: g# B 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# R) S6 x, g% C z5 V3 G
148. Mutiny0 \& `& P( H7 B' p8 `
Domestic Governmental Action N7 Q3 u' P& K6 }) B3 L, L! q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
+ ^8 q/ x, u- X- R5 f' q0 j4 h4 O 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( Y. k g& D! T4 I7 r0 X/ c! }- f" [
International Governmental Action/ k0 V7 ?8 w8 S* A9 C0 [
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations2 V& V* B# A1 o9 r$ M/ O( C
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! ]' K$ e( B, n, ?
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: _- u/ k# G U4 b7 G# u
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
3 O3 u& u) R/ h, S 155. Withdrawal from international organizations( @1 V6 P9 E* Y# F3 z9 a
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 H) R/ Y7 P9 Z 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 D! O3 [/ }3 G9 i1 H
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6 D: ] Z8 e; ~- |
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- j3 J) N i8 ]" Z" g( ^* \
% i" o) m# B8 m
- x5 k9 I; t5 Y% C; m4 EPsychological Intervention Y4 c% M r) I4 l3 ]; g6 l
158. Self-exposure to the elements
. F/ ^" w& F, R& }2 e0 I 159. The fast' p. r/ H3 u* w
a) Fast of moral pressure* \6 x X& O5 g5 V# W
b) Hunger strike" W% w& j6 V, N; X. r
c) Satyagrahic fast
0 F( F1 r) @8 h 160. Reverse trial7 q2 l) W2 E! a+ Q8 G
161. Nonviolent harassment- ^' V2 _) i) d; P# A6 L0 [8 i
0 O9 _9 f! N8 s5 l9 k o- @
Physical Intervention
) ?0 x+ q) t$ ^ 162. Sit-in# i$ ?, \ g5 T" |6 K; n+ q
163. Stand-in5 L, j4 T9 r+ i+ V& x. d3 ]
164. Ride-in1 T# z* N& ^ h( y3 s! h0 w. R8 l# y
165. Wade-in F( l; f% x- j7 j
166. Mill-in( U9 Y( E7 i! {# F0 m+ H! K- x/ g: f
167. Pray-in" Q, z' ?% w/ M3 D" y9 @
168. Nonviolent raids9 H* d# E) {. T4 h& N1 y
169. Nonviolent air raids/ e: M0 d, c, [2 k/ Y
170. Nonviolent invasion
7 l9 T5 x" Q# J' n! a* h# c 171. Nonviolent interjection
, Y; U1 i, e1 u6 s* U, C 172. Nonviolent obstruction2 S/ B& N& P, R, V. T
173. Nonviolent occupation
9 h; v4 r4 w" p, `8 e
4 I+ M3 K$ }% ^( jSocial Intervention6 R3 S+ X' k/ D* V( r: b! W$ o
174. Establishing new social patterns
' v3 N& V8 r3 K4 k) N L6 ^ 175. Overloading of facilities
! x* w. n* C- p X* e9 g6 m 176. Stall-in- [& H h0 W4 @; V5 l* f
177. Speak-in
0 i }% o( R- h( r. V, x; d 178. Guerrilla theater% t- K5 n8 M% P, R9 d4 n
179. Alternative social institutions0 a+ [/ W& _- u/ S( O4 G
180. Alternative communication system
# S9 t7 c U' }" l0 l6 s y
# X1 z4 I* a* P; ZEconomic Intervention
9 K' q7 t5 W; _1 Y4 e# t7 s 181. Reverse strike
1 C- i/ I* q: C 182. Stay-in strike1 R$ N X+ }% ^' T! p4 Y
183. Nonviolent land seizure6 d: z$ k; J/ O
184. Defiance of blockades
6 Y9 h& q* @( L1 e 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: P4 ~. }9 ?5 l) ^+ I/ r1 B- \
186. Preclusive purchasing9 q! |& H' M. I& U+ V
187. Seizure of assets
% \9 G7 h+ S) s% C$ _ 188. Dumping$ O8 E4 r8 s6 x1 E! c7 i( ~8 ~
189. Selective patronage
! i3 R8 |; D; d3 d0 K& U$ n: C8 u. m 190. Alternative markets
8 y" L: _$ ~* a: o3 E 191. Alternative transportation systems: h5 i% p# [; F* u7 O% |7 P6 G: w, @
192. Alternative economic institutions
6 m* l" C$ h* ?
& h! M* a# L# b2 h J! LPolitical Intervention
% B1 c4 E5 \2 @& @ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
( w: h) X! D P" G/ W5 s" W4 D 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
/ w: `8 a$ w; k' {9 b: _! F' W 195. Seeking imprisonment f! g3 p& S+ t d% V+ ?$ L
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, f; p% [" b }, r- M
197. Work-on without collaboration
8 F& m @) }1 C- a- {% D 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
