 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, m; m! d3 a1 X7 Q( `Formal Statements) A9 U/ H( F# k Q: @) z9 A
1. Public Speeches
1 A R% E3 o, _7 |: M 2. Letters of opposition or support0 q a8 ^( r9 f8 d# i
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 w+ `' l/ ]: J' X# w, q
4. Signed public statements
8 ~0 b" ^9 ]- E: T% p 5. Declarations of indictment and intention( \# b) [- W: g4 g
6. Group or mass petitions
+ I9 j: U0 y1 `$ Q# [
0 t3 {3 J9 j" k0 B% L, |9 eCommunications with a Wider Audience
6 b! r+ {3 A9 m0 B: M1 l0 M/ I 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 C* u' G4 W9 A7 o1 `
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; [, p; z% y; n# ` T 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% N( w% U" Y1 q2 |3 Z4 i0 `; { 10. Newspapers and journals
6 p. ~* p' s" }' |) T3 _& `5 ? 11. Records, radio, and television
* h+ o6 V6 b; T* _! V/ x, A 12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 y: b% \: _/ Q. O8 x
& a% Z# y" K9 y4 `8 ZGroup Representations
4 V5 C/ h4 m. S6 g Q( f- R7 u' { 13. Deputations
8 N9 F9 c' w9 K4 ]0 o 14. Mock awards
- @ h$ H! W0 \$ C3 g I# l( G 15. Group lobbying1 u, X5 F5 [8 h- ~ ~
16. Picketing
, g( g4 s; s0 [ 17. Mock elections* A! j$ ]0 i7 p2 U! x! K% ?+ |# P. c
1 M- b5 `6 g7 `! d
Symbolic Public Acts
& i9 c* L& ~9 { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, X1 k: U F g5 R: u
19. Wearing of symbols1 r9 k$ R( ^6 e
20. Prayer and worship8 C. |7 z0 J& y/ m" b
21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 y9 v( c! N* q- C 22. Protest disrobings' u% G- |6 T, r. J$ E
23. Destruction of own property
1 m9 k8 ]7 i/ c1 F9 V 24. Symbolic lights9 y7 w7 [8 Y8 r) w2 z3 I6 }
25. Displays of portraits
. K2 N0 w* c0 x0 q; k. p 26. Paint as protest/ Y6 H* W9 v# e% a6 d
27. New signs and names; Y- d4 C: f' C- C& X0 z
28. Symbolic sounds
9 k8 ?. F4 h5 z1 p0 ^- L: r$ c$ | 29. Symbolic reclamations8 |8 W5 W2 Z, [! A/ z/ {) w; f
30. Rude gestures
& S+ v8 F0 U! L* s! N! O3 |8 C5 s3 ]1 i" C% I& U
Pressures on Individuals
" b2 W4 o& T0 L$ u8 a1 r 31. “Haunting” officials+ m* M3 w; |9 [* H) g
32. Taunting officials8 o) D5 k1 A5 E. ?3 W
33. Fraternization
# B9 h! g2 W7 y! m0 e' O, s1 I 34. Vigils+ i1 M- @ s- l1 i1 u
4 c; q n7 m% n4 P) |Drama and Music, R. L: s5 |1 J
35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 i; U$ S+ }' O7 l8 g 36. Performances of plays and music! |8 F* t( p4 C! X: r; b+ C4 q
37. Singing
6 p) g7 Y) j5 i9 i! v/ o8 T# M3 M- d/ \! d/ q
Processions/ H/ h( [# _, @8 U* l" v
38. Marches4 F4 Z% {) T4 k" f( a$ W4 S
39. Parades2 D' ^$ Q4 s! T `: l
40. Religious processions% i- o* ?9 [) j" P. l
41. Pilgrimages
/ r7 h5 r3 ~6 t) r0 Q6 s6 ~; a 42. Motorcades( n7 N* H: G: s1 M- j4 V
G n, m: f9 E& x L4 BHonoring the Dead: U5 C8 w9 u( q" m. T& j
43. Political mourning
' q: c* F0 W( u; R! y 44. Mock funerals$ E) k( B+ t e6 Z6 ]
45. Demonstrative funerals
0 l& ]3 l( J" Q, W0 c* N 46. Homage at burial places5 v3 L0 R; J" f, W
1 s6 L# B2 X# J5 b; y1 e7 Z+ q% O7 {' X' w
Public Assemblies
- a. a" e2 W7 r 47. Assemblies of protest or support+ t( _# L, j- N# M0 N
48. Protest meetings
9 V5 z) b {; \4 P9 \" b 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' B; x# B( |2 q U& b/ M3 S 50. Teach-ins0 z" Y% m4 U- \9 C- ?8 _
% P1 g5 d2 D. U( P
Withdrawal and Renunciation
5 R) N7 d7 c1 B8 q 51. Walk-outs1 G! C$ P' h2 r; W b1 [0 w3 v- Y
52. Silence" s+ X+ _6 W1 t9 J! I$ q# c g
53. Renouncing honors
; C8 d6 z! U2 E5 J# l2 Q2 U 54. Turning one’s back3 _" l! ^: B" N1 a0 M
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6 L# s# N, x+ A: [/ h2 nTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 h4 g( j% b1 v# H5 G# X
, G |' _7 \9 E+ g
3 a2 i; {$ V- D- y" P9 L' Y) s H0 F
' M0 J5 w2 a5 t2 HOstracism of Persons
8 z, l/ ]1 v6 S, }. n4 `! [ [4 K 55. Social boycott
4 o1 R+ p& Z, V) }9 K: r# X6 U4 l% v: O6 B 56. Selective social boycott
5 Y9 [8 f. ~# @. E8 \1 b0 b 57. Lysistratic nonaction+ f% U4 D/ N: d
58. Excommunication1 P9 U- ^: ^$ A( F9 C$ Z9 ?& {0 {
59. Interdict" [# H, t) j( o+ }( M$ }
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& H* q& F2 \: [, W: F. j 60. Suspension of social and sports activities) t( Y6 f3 g7 E; U
61. Boycott of social affairs
- Y' M8 c% R: U/ t9 A! H 62. Student strike- o4 B5 O3 T) j
63. Social disobedience
) n, j4 {8 o; Z9 a a' q9 k \+ a 64. Withdrawal from social institutions) M0 A. {! f; i7 Y2 Y: j
; N( R$ ]5 R4 y$ Q5 f/ Z9 o2 ?Withdrawal from the Social System
+ f0 d8 ~% e, ~ 65. Stay-at-home
4 y" l; z" o5 p9 W 66. Total personal noncooperation3 h8 Y/ k* ~$ R
67. “Flight” of workers3 @" M, O/ b, v5 I8 P2 k
68. Sanctuary
8 y/ P/ h. A+ [# y) M/ P" k! _ 69. Collective disappearance
# f: v1 ]( P' |9 X 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 j P' O! B' V8 Z- u/ n" t4 N6 H! @$ y: f
6 r3 g, y( R: Z1 k
8 u+ j; r0 Y" o0 pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers' g& U& s3 A( o6 l2 X5 @* O3 e8 ?. U
71. Consumers’ boycott
% e) x- d- L4 F1 q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. `& |6 ]- Z8 g 73. Policy of austerity4 \$ @+ d2 i; K, A: o3 \
74. Rent withholding
, b& B( X7 u6 z1 Y5 C) n1 U; ?% L 75. Refusal to rent
# N# M# [3 N1 } 76. National consumers’ boycott' V. O8 d; }5 B. j7 d* _
77. International consumers’ boycott) n2 O+ d( d/ p. O( X# F4 m {: o
: T. g. ^6 `+ F$ X3 _# A- h6 X& b' o
Action by Workers and Producers
7 p9 i$ z* B7 ]" }# I 78. Workmen’s boycott
' `! b0 B) [: k6 w* H: O. o 79. Producers’ boycott
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; Z9 `9 S/ ?/ F1 R; a4 M$ _' HAction by Middlemen2 ]" Z# u9 O7 u; n' h: O
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# b% Q! R; B6 z
+ w4 ]. ?0 y( d7 OAction by Owners and Management
. u5 Y1 [9 h+ {4 x% D8 H 81. Traders’ boycott
* A: V- G8 b% k4 w 82. Refusal to let or sell property
; j) L! y% @1 a$ f/ f 83. Lockout. m* P0 a+ ?9 ]! f8 |( B% v
84. Refusal of industrial assistance; G8 Y: a# v) g! ?/ P
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
- T* n% Q1 J9 @. {4 |1 |. z3 h/ L2 {+ K7 U0 Y2 }( x
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
2 }+ E5 S# `+ y5 s. ~) ~: V o 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 p3 Y" u; _% O& E) J
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ v4 \3 F& B; Z0 ~2 J: g2 ~+ C
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- F/ v5 x% K) k2 f: s: q7 M 89. Severance of funds and credit( {0 ~# J& v! P, {$ Z; y. _% b$ A
90. Revenue refusal
# x4 b! q' x$ t7 i& P 91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 E! ]; n5 ]1 {( s c
" _9 c# _$ n5 V9 DAction by Governments6 t4 u& r# C: D' X0 M0 j
92. Domestic embargo! v5 Z5 D$ B; a/ }0 f! o
93. Blacklisting of traders
& Z* ^1 d6 _3 y/ ~8 h 94. International sellers’ embargo
! V; b1 U1 w: P. C7 t% t( P 95. International buyers’ embargo
2 f& D6 E+ u3 l; I+ B4 R 96. International trade embargo: N V9 v) p# C$ e0 ^7 c7 |" u
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4 F: B1 z2 |7 M \: O l9 C- U1 E! X9 S/ R3 W" v1 \
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 c# n0 B! V- \* }. U) D" Y i
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+ a' U. t( S& V* [4 r4 d1 m
Symbolic Strikes& P( A9 v; i3 E& _$ W5 K1 \
97. Protest strike
3 B! h! a% V7 t. ^' m4 j' ? 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 B; @( k5 W7 y! U9 o8 @& h$ r. a: |
Agricultural Strikes
( a; H; B; E2 X& |" V+ e 99. Peasant strike1 V% q* ^1 g4 o$ R, P1 k( e" P+ t/ E
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ g. z B4 ~, O6 Y( E; d8 M
f! E2 T; y8 M1 @; S7 MStrikes by Special Groups
8 J6 N, J$ K8 ?" U& ^0 r 101. Refusal of impressed labor
) ~8 u5 ~$ h0 w% C9 Q 102. Prisoners’ strike
0 Z/ l7 ^& m N1 k% ] 103. Craft strike" f8 j& K/ n& X) E
104. Professional strike
5 {# z' r; Y' b$ N3 {
7 W% ]/ _9 ?4 Q B) R, Z5 C7 r0 sOrdinary Industrial Strikes
2 Z/ H5 X- G' G6 @3 Y' s4 Z | 105. Establishment strike
4 Z! ]) b7 }! L; n5 ^ 106. Industry strike; M4 l$ f1 J0 M5 G" y! y: k
107. Sympathetic strike! [( ^$ P4 {' h) l2 G& |
7 t) f0 y5 }/ z. \! W0 b% i
Restricted Strikes) v3 L5 A! N! x0 d
108. Detailed strike
) e" I$ r4 x2 W) r% ` 109. Bumper strike# ?/ ]5 q, S% r* i, F% E
110. Slowdown strike6 T8 L1 D6 H8 A0 z. v) V
111. Working-to-rule strike+ _, r+ n% J9 H3 S. D0 T3 g* M
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 c7 V# P% ]: Q& \% I
113. Strike by resignation' F, k1 J+ S7 c$ U
114. Limited strike
2 R- M, j. Z# c7 o1 H+ G! C 115. Selective strike% ?# Y- S# I' i9 U
+ p' M5 ?: M0 E5 g9 H3 ~Multi-Industry Strikes
- U; E3 h; p' ~4 F9 T
3 v9 H% Y4 k, k( o8 a# M 116. Generalized strike
4 X3 @0 M3 N2 N8 x) M8 i
8 M3 l8 A/ b0 \5 S9 T 117. General strike0 N$ Y7 x; `+ i
" p* U \5 E+ R5 F0 M3 n& i
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 n7 s% n/ G3 ^4 b5 `) ]3 l, G% e% T( a% i @( D; y7 A# {: W. N
118. Hartal9 Z+ t! d. M2 B& M1 Q2 {
; v& d- M6 G3 y2 l; R 119. Economic shutdown
3 U [2 V9 v5 P, F7 m7 K+ N' r @" a# A5 P& B% r& R2 h
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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8 K4 W1 R6 L- a 9 L E! O; J0 K) b2 J
Rejection of Authority
% K+ V3 D# E/ f* E6 m2 m 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 }5 M5 h+ t" W+ Y9 ~9 a6 }* F: w* @ 121. Refusal of public support
" X# C" o% W X6 Y3 T) j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 m$ N; x4 W# S8 j/ U! g& h9 ]
123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 [( Z0 s8 x! r& I5 u/ X* s
124. Boycott of elections" A% M' x$ y, z1 Y2 N0 h
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ n( a8 d1 e: R! @ f 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% T. U) Q1 q4 r# I
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions& U1 a$ s' p% M* [
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 w5 [' V1 M- [# g" Q6 {' {7 R 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents& t3 g( C/ H' M6 [( G! K- I
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 m& Q( B2 a9 O0 F# U) u# L) g! `
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
' K- C/ O! @1 ]* m. Y 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- S" S) R2 z+ n* I% `
) C/ H/ y$ o5 I0 o |. D9 |Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 L% |# s! o: H/ V 133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 q. Y; _. M$ `: W
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. w# b" f+ }+ Q* r' x 135. Popular nonobedience
. ~7 \2 D+ g ~( y3 Z( ^ 136. Disguised disobedience
2 m _# P) W) A% S% ^- { o; g 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 V! h" F' R; Q4 ~& a% ], o 138. Sitdown
7 T- t' c5 K2 x& H* r/ D5 A# z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 i0 w6 v Y* W2 S3 Q- a 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 e/ H0 X1 \- O' o V+ d 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% b3 @% a9 y, W5 W# v* I/ ^ s! I& l$ D9 b( E- _
Action by Government Personnel+ O9 Z4 j1 g, \6 p8 X
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
# m# w& ~8 i, Z3 U6 t1 S* V 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" x5 t, ]0 W3 T V7 D0 n2 x 144. Stalling and obstruction
R: D5 `2 V8 b5 k 145. General administrative noncooperation
' ^6 A; X) K1 | u" }% S& q* `8 a) Q: c$ P# O8 q+ o
146. Judicial noncooperation, U# I! u8 U' m* V
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# [- e5 ?, H- w* c% ]3 y/ X x 148. Mutiny0 f+ v: t5 P6 }: S- n3 s
Domestic Governmental Action1 Y3 ?% H* g" y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ O$ x/ p; D4 w 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 q0 A4 a$ h3 ^5 C4 v0 ~2 |3 Q/ V; f, i/ c3 F$ w5 M: o
International Governmental Action3 F9 |5 V& @/ h
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, s6 J6 }) v- r6 F: f2 t 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 C: L M! r2 c3 T 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: G. \/ N- P/ t! |$ _) p9 K! ^
154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 X8 P8 K7 g, ~7 q. |
155. Withdrawal from international organizations) D) R& P) F P
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 @5 X* X$ j! l6 M7 h5 o
157. Expulsion from international organizations
% s* ]4 |9 x: Z/ ?- X& b2 r. |3 x+ e% j. L& A, l
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 K6 X3 |) `$ U& o. y
1 o2 ^" G C! E" K
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Psychological Intervention
" D+ E `0 i5 E! o 158. Self-exposure to the elements
& J$ w, `2 V4 x9 K# s: K: k 159. The fast
, [4 c7 p5 m5 y- j$ L/ ]) G1 o a) Fast of moral pressure
# ^6 }8 q+ [5 H8 R1 C1 M b) Hunger strike
" d1 K$ i4 L O/ h% g+ W c) Satyagrahic fast
& F3 W3 [1 n- n3 F, j4 ~6 |0 [ 160. Reverse trial
Q( u7 [7 z" q* H 161. Nonviolent harassment8 l0 ~0 h+ W) ]/ I
/ d2 L0 `8 T$ ~3 c$ [( ]# n
Physical Intervention
* R; G' C3 c7 I- s& D1 K3 K _ 162. Sit-in
0 y' A# y; L6 W } 163. Stand-in
: X/ n+ N, }; k D 164. Ride-in
r1 g. {2 ]# w3 A' o$ Z( } 165. Wade-in( r+ R8 W7 @8 B N
166. Mill-in
, N* z$ ^+ E9 r& q# Q! ]5 R 167. Pray-in4 S- u" L/ r( B# S& q/ z% S
168. Nonviolent raids# [- l0 |+ ^, J- N) O4 K
169. Nonviolent air raids
! S9 C- Y) a& ~" U 170. Nonviolent invasion$ }# L) h" S2 a
171. Nonviolent interjection- h- c1 W/ J2 O* n
172. Nonviolent obstruction
) d0 A) L8 P' | 173. Nonviolent occupation
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* f6 a: J7 u# b u5 r7 V1 `3 USocial Intervention3 b. n# y8 ^8 o# n0 q* E& ]8 i7 J Q
174. Establishing new social patterns3 g7 F, ]; e3 [7 k) d6 u
175. Overloading of facilities d0 l4 r; A: |. j
176. Stall-in( K+ r. q f4 R5 [& |
177. Speak-in
+ G$ O9 \3 |0 \8 X8 L3 W \4 x 178. Guerrilla theater( |5 T! s! b# y( m' j3 m
179. Alternative social institutions
& O) T+ L5 a+ v( R2 y 180. Alternative communication system
3 _& ^) Z3 R" {; _. j! i
2 {6 E- V3 p& [8 JEconomic Intervention& J |% O4 t2 r
181. Reverse strike1 v2 b6 V+ G6 W- |4 b
182. Stay-in strike
: E5 A" B6 }* T& c( _! O2 ? 183. Nonviolent land seizure* w( w: \% Z3 \* D% a, Q
184. Defiance of blockades4 f) p8 z, R' |# D6 H" x y" R
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: l+ y1 r8 k8 x/ b" y& p, ~9 y; ^ 186. Preclusive purchasing
7 R8 K3 E0 \1 { 187. Seizure of assets7 m( y, D( l! H) {3 `2 ]
188. Dumping
. u8 l8 G. F. J 189. Selective patronage
5 ~& t1 {- S6 c9 \1 m, ?* L 190. Alternative markets1 }0 N9 ^$ D/ e5 s; g' C
191. Alternative transportation systems
! t8 K( C. y; ]* W2 p6 U5 { 192. Alternative economic institutions
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4 P3 S7 _$ e- d S" RPolitical Intervention
* M' f5 n, D& u4 l/ r! A. \+ p. X0 Y 193. Overloading of administrative systems4 I, }6 b. P6 f, z
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 W: ?* K/ s# v l2 e
195. Seeking imprisonment; s4 T3 ~2 Q0 l2 E# ]" a0 D2 @
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
$ [9 ^3 O% ^8 I; B0 l 197. Work-on without collaboration
. r" Z; L6 o$ |4 m 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
