 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# D" M7 W) n- w# F$ {5 b' O( h/ FFormal Statements3 ~6 \3 O2 l9 T p! ?1 N
1. Public Speeches
& O0 s. V# p, t8 c# r$ K2 i 2. Letters of opposition or support
) _2 v, P1 E8 m6 X7 D) m8 F/ Q- m 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% B5 r" N- g: h9 V; P( A8 l9 Q
4. Signed public statements5 @$ t0 r! T! I9 H6 X! h' v7 [
5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 ^2 t' Z F/ C- q, T7 V7 m
6. Group or mass petitions
S: [; d" G1 V; i& K. h3 x7 z5 t4 ^) d# u
Communications with a Wider Audience# i& U/ K: ]+ }9 U# O
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 h% y* c. R9 m; T0 Y 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* Q( K, d0 q0 m) f; C 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, g9 B$ L5 ?8 i/ k1 R( T1 |
10. Newspapers and journals
, z7 W9 {' U b! e 11. Records, radio, and television
. Q6 k/ p F+ Y3 Q# K, g$ W 12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 H3 ]6 j3 P U v0 {
' F& I5 a4 z6 j
Group Representations
9 t w9 _3 D; G5 x7 S 13. Deputations
; z% s: L2 ^) ?: K T( A 14. Mock awards1 }0 T$ z+ e; s8 M. m) u/ A, i
15. Group lobbying
* x+ u$ w5 Y8 Z 16. Picketing4 c9 x% n. g7 ~& o K0 S$ a i
17. Mock elections/ O7 _1 f' g6 W$ j$ K- e
A+ b: J5 W' |7 g! e' @+ rSymbolic Public Acts7 c q# X! J( [; l
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
1 y5 H( w& w' ?) G; M) c. A 19. Wearing of symbols( N# S, p; J5 i
20. Prayer and worship0 h3 t0 I$ y& |: a* V: ]1 P; E
21. Delivering symbolic objects
; ?# \- j7 q7 a% P$ \! M0 k 22. Protest disrobings
4 k! B0 I* d4 c4 m. ~ 23. Destruction of own property( z+ Y$ A. y2 s& G0 c* u7 C
24. Symbolic lights
9 |6 f: [4 z* s2 I! M 25. Displays of portraits
* ^2 I0 s' d9 r% n9 |" D 26. Paint as protest
" Z, s E3 [1 U( U" x# m P 27. New signs and names
& C$ H3 L# }0 P- f 28. Symbolic sounds
% k- Z5 C8 D1 R$ i* ^ 29. Symbolic reclamations2 r* _" q, W1 W3 ]3 R" T3 `. ^
30. Rude gestures
. a& }: K9 U1 M1 T: q! h7 C* H/ b, L) ]2 P9 ^
Pressures on Individuals
0 |+ E+ d8 A, D R$ m9 b% o8 D/ u 31. “Haunting” officials
2 E; @' O5 \: c! i# i- U 32. Taunting officials. S; [% s9 {- w6 N$ G8 |
33. Fraternization0 d) m" E$ E5 l4 K1 Y( q6 Q
34. Vigils# K! d; M; T+ u+ O0 V7 k% F, v6 C
2 l' { ?& X4 Z/ k7 v! ADrama and Music) c0 y" s& K& o/ Q+ t
35. Humorous skits and pranks: k0 G3 V: b2 k
36. Performances of plays and music5 f2 \8 o$ K/ B; J/ O& p1 M8 C! ~* S' H
37. Singing( e' x( b+ Z8 G8 b0 Q
k8 C8 [& `. E& @
Processions$ } S! _6 {1 \5 j; z" Z, |) e
38. Marches
- w' W9 f, j k" P- d 39. Parades' Z& h5 Y! G' z8 `" t8 p1 g
40. Religious processions
9 k/ {! K3 H: S$ Y7 ?7 d- s 41. Pilgrimages
: G: v; ~0 Q, i1 s4 A 42. Motorcades# {" c' K: _; c1 e% \" [ O: R8 k
) @+ D. ]% X! s+ E" n9 yHonoring the Dead
/ @) C. f" p% r! V& M- ]. ~9 Y 43. Political mourning
' p! ? K7 ~0 ?' l; F" ]# Y 44. Mock funerals7 q1 b: W# e4 x3 ?) D: R+ t
45. Demonstrative funerals
3 i$ c4 T$ }$ w$ A7 | 46. Homage at burial places
$ M1 t& q+ ~: T3 ^ q# n! m4 U
Public Assemblies
; `1 R+ A; M7 W/ ~$ a 47. Assemblies of protest or support
. D: T$ c; a! ?1 K+ y( g 48. Protest meetings- E& L4 h% f* j( @% y' L- K2 w3 g& j
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& X" f& N9 ?. O 50. Teach-ins: y: V8 M( q/ @! B/ O c0 ]
0 N# T9 p3 T; Q! Z( |
Withdrawal and Renunciation H9 Q% l9 t- a0 `9 g
51. Walk-outs
# `3 C2 E4 f5 m3 s0 d 52. Silence2 N; N ~6 E, Q2 B% D
53. Renouncing honors0 a9 B! f- w3 \$ u: Z) y
54. Turning one’s back- d! a6 p7 b6 N1 @
$ U( o# B$ C0 U! u% M6 i6 B: L 7 G& ]5 c' a* D" L
0 A3 t, |* P, n, S0 {- ZTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
" D: [9 m& q; O* k6 s
% o: m( f% i/ }( g1 \9 y+ N Z5 W
% m# d6 J' Q# J [% G K) h2 \( s7 o/ b0 P( O( g$ ^) \0 h' W
Ostracism of Persons6 M( n$ \# N$ q3 e
55. Social boycott
: ? @: \3 u% z, `( H 56. Selective social boycott
1 O: ~6 V( g! n3 r 57. Lysistratic nonaction. u! S9 ~9 v" h, a% ?4 S# W
58. Excommunication
$ s1 ?1 L4 r/ Y' H5 s$ R2 @+ O 59. Interdict1 a* d, [; z3 }: E
2 o+ {2 q% C C# f
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 ?. L4 Y" G, t1 l0 j 60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 `1 V1 H( r$ x* ]
61. Boycott of social affairs s, X' X7 u" t/ l1 N
62. Student strike. r/ i8 \! n/ o6 c0 V9 ^! `9 T ^
63. Social disobedience% B+ o5 Z4 }& r, \, Y( y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# [" m7 S& e2 @. b4 F- y5 w: ~3 G0 E8 ~* l7 t6 s6 }
Withdrawal from the Social System$ G% I6 n- u& ?6 d1 P. {) x
65. Stay-at-home
/ H/ Z' @, P( O1 Q 66. Total personal noncooperation
2 z# A2 i! m: a k& h8 w( [ 67. “Flight” of workers& K5 D/ [+ C1 F0 ]. y2 a. K" m
68. Sanctuary
/ h- s. S$ K7 }$ i$ ^$ _ 69. Collective disappearance
5 k' l- k8 V3 G- I 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
. M; ?( r# F8 b7 `5 i
' p7 f( r8 {, m& t1 [ 8 p7 ?' H7 `5 Z9 P7 v' d5 @- Q" Y, g
2 P$ F% V/ G* t+ B* }) y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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9 k+ X D8 Y/ F1 E# Y. Z
3 [6 e5 D; V* }6 D F* H: _Actions by Consumers
5 x9 y9 w% B' o' g$ X2 U& Y( K 71. Consumers’ boycott
0 \# H4 z% N0 ^$ K3 `4 L 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ n) F4 ~4 O/ @/ u& M" S! n% H) v 73. Policy of austerity
( |8 m. a, |4 f) t3 Y8 x! L 74. Rent withholding
+ Z) t% W* n b% Y4 n 75. Refusal to rent
, W* R2 A" e" M 76. National consumers’ boycott( p, K9 V7 i. h$ x2 N1 w2 m6 B
77. International consumers’ boycott
6 F- S- Z/ p8 O3 n0 i) A! X1 a* N( P/ a6 U. x6 z
Action by Workers and Producers. d* @) p$ b+ w0 n- t6 W: [
78. Workmen’s boycott' i, P4 m# M' g+ U' X3 L* v' m5 u
79. Producers’ boycott, H1 f- @. n9 b7 M, Z1 Z+ K% S
( O1 Y9 F! {8 J$ J' C) \4 n" `
Action by Middlemen5 L7 i' t! b! ~9 u% Y8 p6 @
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 U9 @2 ^$ p* [8 C2 ^
, E8 }* P# F. ^( S% A# F( dAction by Owners and Management
. c& J' \* |9 R5 }) I 81. Traders’ boycott
5 X/ @5 D" K& y& l 82. Refusal to let or sell property3 D: I+ _' x& Y" l8 @1 Q$ i+ \
83. Lockout3 @4 a. R# O5 ^! W; _) F8 x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance. N n( T2 Z! b! X( d6 P
85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ j! s) P/ s: S2 P
' p! D4 f# b( I7 a( t8 ]& L4 w: ^Action by Holders of Financial Resources
~, w7 k+ w# u. J7 t: j; d 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 T' B4 @7 D, g: ~ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% r" T2 ]9 J+ @5 s$ {
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# J7 X k% q7 i" J
89. Severance of funds and credit; n+ W/ s+ O' o! L/ `- G
90. Revenue refusal
" K4 Y. C, Z7 s' K* |* W2 n 91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 r0 F, e( Q K# d
: i6 h* L3 c7 N* \ IAction by Governments m; w/ v. t- V
92. Domestic embargo
7 ?3 r: a: w4 x 93. Blacklisting of traders2 v1 m9 I, F% b9 X
94. International sellers’ embargo
& s7 _. w1 T1 R4 q* Q 95. International buyers’ embargo
0 a, Q" `4 [( B 96. International trade embargo
% k! c7 Q, z% ~8 v9 e, [- M# J; J, {: {% B3 O
7 B. q. c; l* L, g8 k0 ^8 |+ U0 k! K4 f: X' X
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes, l7 E2 G& _- V% f$ G. t
97. Protest strike' D* k" }2 H" R. T/ H
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 r9 d) z/ ^0 `1 z/ Z( A+ X5 U
& L8 F& P* f! u4 f7 d8 iAgricultural Strikes
, X9 a8 f+ |4 O- l1 R: f 99. Peasant strike
+ q/ a# H) T0 q7 N 100. Farm Workers’ strike% ]6 d4 v7 e7 i4 H- M
) k% u# |) a9 d3 D
Strikes by Special Groups
7 \; y, R- t% D f, I I2 P 101. Refusal of impressed labor3 J9 E. ?0 |) E! O6 a
102. Prisoners’ strike
. Y1 ^6 d P0 q* d1 l 103. Craft strike
' C' X7 _- q) c 104. Professional strike
7 U) u8 c3 s" Z6 s: V+ R
4 m2 G7 \8 F. P: l% z. a' V# g \Ordinary Industrial Strikes
. \ f' t: S5 o. a1 s- e 105. Establishment strike4 A# C8 a5 ]; f
106. Industry strike
! i5 @; H. S/ D( K/ W5 M 107. Sympathetic strike' U& z9 E/ p' |) y |: k7 l7 R
/ \8 h8 u3 C& C9 q7 `+ V" NRestricted Strikes
& w. S0 z( x% {+ R2 L6 U 108. Detailed strike' T- e2 C; n9 [$ x% ?
109. Bumper strike ]# Q. e% O( o, u
110. Slowdown strike
% E9 U$ U( _# W6 M 111. Working-to-rule strike
7 t1 u: x1 Q; K9 c& M& k8 l 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)6 M5 V- i7 u; B Y( d, F3 O
113. Strike by resignation
0 `8 Z J; ?6 P1 G' @& T2 W 114. Limited strike5 S5 T& C2 c6 R: _( K
115. Selective strike
2 m: z6 c& P# H7 C9 c' T4 x: I8 b7 }0 e+ r& {- i8 Y
Multi-Industry Strikes( f _4 q: l4 `- ]: c _
. G# f' C6 ^# r7 E/ J: a) I6 N+ M. S 116. Generalized strike A; K& n' ~: y- w
" j, \ l7 [* x# B0 T3 N 117. General strike
k* Q6 W: z! ^0 A/ l
3 V- h* a5 E' A+ h! FCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures; e4 M) D/ e2 x4 T; m0 }
. [: h# ]5 d; Q; v$ ^( g0 b% c
118. Hartal3 A! j' f U6 D: {+ ~8 L; N* y9 f9 y
2 C& \5 f% u; x5 o* y 119. Economic shutdown
; {% F J/ M7 j0 J6 g, H( k( i- I, g' E# r/ E2 `5 J; ?& i
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% a/ D8 ]+ c# X; C% L# U5 `* k k
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
1 `7 E: s9 i' x$ E0 U
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Rejection of Authority
4 A8 ^6 X# z/ c; p' B; m 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
) a) }' y" a1 A 121. Refusal of public support' s! }+ p6 G9 {8 {/ J
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 W2 _; X9 I% L" i3 R3 h$ H' N
* c0 q* Q: ?; S- E& {/ @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 K4 ^7 t3 S' d; v% |/ d. T 123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 U6 V7 ]4 f* W" I
124. Boycott of elections+ f7 e) v9 h3 @ A# j
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 ?7 t" M% f# I0 i* k1 _ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# g. E1 n- t# w- C5 w 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' c$ r8 w( ^1 m4 s+ L* G6 K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. }6 ]' D. B' P2 Y6 o 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% X8 R/ X$ D0 L+ [ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% z: }$ \) i/ D9 J# T* g. A
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- O; }5 s% V& z1 g- N6 i1 p% m+ X
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 A0 u9 n$ Q& V0 p' C
/ |$ K8 S1 M' N. _Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ g0 @9 q B7 t" q0 X' g
133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ n7 f) }8 W1 [3 x$ g6 }/ n" c9 W
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% V5 h, e, `3 L9 T8 z% m
135. Popular nonobedience
( j+ W2 s, o$ E1 ~# H" L 136. Disguised disobedience3 B. K+ |' K% l! |, f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
N6 Q' S- L# ^; g: T& A4 _1 ^0 H 138. Sitdown
# v4 u% f8 D+ D6 H2 t5 j 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! I( f! j4 Y. i! @# l
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 K# f' j' o# P. ~+ `$ C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" P) U! s+ O/ b6 q, f |5 N }5 y) K
% z8 H9 M9 ]2 ~9 C
Action by Government Personnel" I7 R* G: S" c( F, q! e
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- K, d" @( p9 E! i: A5 U2 Y2 T9 j
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& [& L2 N" t; {" C0 N$ q- s 144. Stalling and obstruction
2 M! }0 h6 n9 U: L* t 145. General administrative noncooperation o: E& |% t5 b$ i0 ~1 A
$ f. ^" u( K3 `! E' i0 b
146. Judicial noncooperation
) e+ _, U+ ?: A3 s6 C! F8 q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# _9 R; G5 Q) R8 v' F% W
148. Mutiny
& Z7 |9 Y" s) u$ ]+ |/ J5 IDomestic Governmental Action
" X: [7 H6 s* j4 A- s 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- t+ a" x9 k. [. |5 a6 `- E
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 |( e- E7 p; E- d- G# R& }9 ~2 I/ O
u8 h5 `# J. H: B, _' P
International Governmental Action3 c2 [5 r) @2 o+ h3 [7 m* J1 f
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 y8 u4 ?& @( j; D: E# B 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events" o+ U+ _! L: }' S- \ \
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: v* ]( S$ p" p7 Y* r, v* u
154. Severance of diplomatic relations& y1 f' t; }$ M0 x f h
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 o) k' x% B: T+ l% y/ z/ E 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies( ?' ^7 L% B. |7 h) b' \
157. Expulsion from international organizations* P2 @, U% z D- y8 f7 {
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 E1 r0 d: E3 j' W
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Psychological Intervention
4 E* ^* ?! A+ ^# Q. X" c 158. Self-exposure to the elements
. p+ Q3 I# }' C4 K5 n9 G6 R 159. The fast4 ]$ ? ?. O0 B- w
a) Fast of moral pressure
6 K! v+ x- {# } ?2 a7 m b) Hunger strike/ @- h, A2 G9 w
c) Satyagrahic fast( s, f( A, J0 U6 V& [4 U$ ?
160. Reverse trial' y( X# g! M& T
161. Nonviolent harassment
% h1 |' X" t! f `+ E X: p7 Q U& ?
Physical Intervention
4 i; @$ n- z+ f 162. Sit-in8 F0 @# p9 b `1 J
163. Stand-in
# T* K% @% @" E: u: C 164. Ride-in" ^7 z# T: X, e! d! Z4 B; D) k
165. Wade-in: F" h* }7 g, D ]3 M' J1 D
166. Mill-in
e+ ] B5 k" b( t& @! l! ` 167. Pray-in
g" B* F9 }. W5 q. o 168. Nonviolent raids
9 _; W/ O3 J. |: \; w 169. Nonviolent air raids
& J) A9 ^5 u6 e6 H7 E1 ?; _: e 170. Nonviolent invasion
6 j& H" h# R9 E4 c 171. Nonviolent interjection% z- ]7 h! D' c/ V$ v
172. Nonviolent obstruction* o) C/ P$ P$ w) e; h: m, Z) W
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention- C/ R- N; r1 X3 \
174. Establishing new social patterns% a, {6 F }6 l2 f1 U' K
175. Overloading of facilities. ?# P# V) f$ c- H: u6 G
176. Stall-in
+ f+ D$ U2 V+ f6 n( L4 p 177. Speak-in
& Y2 [, \( V2 i" G* V 178. Guerrilla theater1 g6 ]; s' ]+ @% Y- _0 f( {# T
179. Alternative social institutions! v9 E0 e, I# y
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
* c+ N% ], Q: j% B 181. Reverse strike
/ a" V# x3 d; N+ N; ] s4 C+ Y 182. Stay-in strike
% f) n8 Z# U& s8 p( d# T 183. Nonviolent land seizure; K& C/ \! T3 w# K2 L1 Q" I, s: ]
184. Defiance of blockades$ H0 p5 m4 ~& ~- i/ e
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' D3 T8 ^1 i3 j8 W; y 186. Preclusive purchasing, _* G) P. B/ H+ h! T1 J0 b' V, k5 L
187. Seizure of assets5 G6 h3 T3 B) }( c4 X! s
188. Dumping% S4 i/ S& S) Q5 Y/ a! ^0 Z
189. Selective patronage% x6 @5 E& H2 @& o- k) b8 N5 m
190. Alternative markets- I- d1 V0 l5 w ?
191. Alternative transportation systems
% C9 \, u- G3 t/ ~ 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 C. J5 w" c3 D) [% \" F% Y1 z5 J
6 W) t; N/ a; T! i% D! k9 e# tPolitical Intervention
% g. Y4 u; `$ M6 w! k, N, ^ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
! E& X3 H1 }; Z% b: b+ P" E0 J 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! z! `9 V; `2 [7 u5 {0 m
195. Seeking imprisonment/ ^" ?- d- s' ^1 J+ f
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 P6 j0 L" s2 |6 h* @7 @) r/ z( k& [
197. Work-on without collaboration
' e- s7 k& j0 g0 E- b9 c& L 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
