 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ i7 E+ R6 i' H1 UFormal Statements$ Y5 B5 {7 B# g L$ N7 M# r
1. Public Speeches
2 E/ [; v7 S- ~) t8 g; y& @6 i 2. Letters of opposition or support
; Z0 O7 h2 g7 J9 L. ~$ c7 B7 _ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, v. K0 E/ f. N# u: i! p
4. Signed public statements6 D! j$ [3 J! o/ I1 ^6 L9 l0 a" K
5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 j. A6 s/ v: K* d2 v0 q
6. Group or mass petitions
7 a; {- I8 W$ r: G/ Q, z4 i- i
Communications with a Wider Audience
( ~4 k2 `& a( h: r 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 F& A Q* }3 l( l
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" v% Y" Z; r' U3 D7 N 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
4 I+ M2 @: h3 `% A! e; ] 10. Newspapers and journals
7 i0 j+ O0 }" p( M( j8 { 11. Records, radio, and television Z' z- d7 a7 ~2 t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 N2 H0 X6 T/ v2 y! {. C
# B8 `# G) F4 b _3 F7 l% p
Group Representations- X$ K- K6 D# S9 I: v1 e+ ]
13. Deputations
. h4 k: S8 u4 g, X6 H3 v. @ 14. Mock awards- f0 r# d6 d9 l' I! y+ ?% _, e
15. Group lobbying' s5 C0 {$ P; S) g7 D" d% l
16. Picketing
2 e; f" k8 v2 }. [9 j0 o1 a 17. Mock elections
1 G; @9 y- ~& X9 H
) w0 E, i6 e; l' r6 Z& u$ ?Symbolic Public Acts: J/ B& T- g6 [& T
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- ~" J% e) w" P- Z9 K1 t% V5 l 19. Wearing of symbols
5 I' m0 Q( {# r9 |! m- f; C 20. Prayer and worship5 b* t' v7 h/ n; m' a% z; Q
21. Delivering symbolic objects
4 C/ O' `- e( g: l/ w1 U& Q 22. Protest disrobings
+ B6 j$ R2 T, X 23. Destruction of own property( N4 ^7 k! R5 L3 h
24. Symbolic lights
7 f( { X2 B0 i* H! Y' c2 h5 i 25. Displays of portraits0 ?" @# p: f; W! J
26. Paint as protest
0 n) d- |0 W, r6 P9 k 27. New signs and names" W- A# {1 M- C! l; a$ v
28. Symbolic sounds* u; s. Q$ x2 S& ]/ \& N
29. Symbolic reclamations4 E% f/ U W7 i/ G, w2 C5 G
30. Rude gestures0 i' b3 x+ [0 ~3 t E
2 l" x/ u; y' EPressures on Individuals$ Q: h! w, ^" O
31. “Haunting” officials
+ U7 r* g: ]& x3 n+ e! w 32. Taunting officials
# _* ^3 J; o8 F% o, I% A2 q 33. Fraternization! {% J+ C8 |/ Y1 _( t) F0 l
34. Vigils
6 ^3 J7 ^1 [2 b5 _% D" Q f1 d6 c' K; _/ u2 S9 A5 ]
Drama and Music$ T1 s# |& ?, E* O: u
35. Humorous skits and pranks, z% o3 P5 P7 y- D! H
36. Performances of plays and music. p3 }9 C, W# V1 W
37. Singing
; o: ]5 B5 T) i. U$ H3 g4 V; ^ O' L" i' R
Processions' j. D4 A" i9 p- p0 t
38. Marches
% L: A, c# P" e- @% f 39. Parades& r9 v( E* M, P
40. Religious processions" N6 ^( P1 V. K8 P
41. Pilgrimages1 X: n# x" o9 r# m. e
42. Motorcades
5 B$ F t$ X% F. s' n+ r* K: F: {5 H. @# p0 r- ]
Honoring the Dead4 T& H s4 Q* @4 R9 I6 O1 j; @
43. Political mourning
0 E0 |, [' L5 u# P# ]8 P) s 44. Mock funerals
2 k) L; f& ?( ~, L) I1 t9 u7 | 45. Demonstrative funerals
q) t6 B, r) D; V8 O! n: L- r 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies4 W) |& q4 l% @, d
47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 L# w9 c: o0 O! O v3 X5 j( Z' C9 B3 `+ f 48. Protest meetings' S8 X+ e4 r' P. w1 }7 H: J
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 {$ b+ K2 t6 U0 q 50. Teach-ins
7 v" z/ t$ J1 {3 j7 x/ M! F; {; [8 B B# C' W; q
Withdrawal and Renunciation5 P% C5 Z( Q/ i: Z- d6 O7 @
51. Walk-outs5 w7 g6 v: c8 S" R( s* T
52. Silence
" S6 w$ t# C7 }! R+ u9 u 53. Renouncing honors6 k, n* v( b: Y0 l% |; A3 j! y- q
54. Turning one’s back
7 B' p5 s/ Y$ O! j+ D/ a: c o3 N" e4 D0 Z7 X+ }, e" I
3 Z0 w# d0 y e% M& D( ^2 k; u
. F K9 o$ A" T D: f& E2 R0 G' hTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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& T$ O' T' t5 Q/ L3 n8 ]Ostracism of Persons7 ~/ A6 L/ P; o
55. Social boycott0 e8 y, e# N Y8 `, E
56. Selective social boycott; ^+ X" v- d) [+ {3 u" w
57. Lysistratic nonaction; s1 I. X+ @; O+ }
58. Excommunication: M2 k3 }3 R, @$ p5 C' ?
59. Interdict
5 Z$ k7 s0 R H" ^
; H% X& F7 [2 S) z% o+ wNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, F4 H- I. z3 r' T1 s
60. Suspension of social and sports activities: f. |. C/ N1 t1 s
61. Boycott of social affairs
1 D8 Z! [- K/ d: g$ ?& F- }1 o 62. Student strike
s2 _7 ]: ]3 Q- z 63. Social disobedience- e1 U) n# z7 j. c, h
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
" P( @5 ]: { x- c% ~# y+ w% D' G
$ B- }( j8 a/ {Withdrawal from the Social System J! A7 k8 X# _& Q2 K* f2 k" T
65. Stay-at-home- m7 r- e, r1 W, e# w1 B7 K4 ~
66. Total personal noncooperation
( l( N' v/ f8 n! x0 T8 F5 f 67. “Flight” of workers+ I5 y1 q2 R& X0 H! ^! ]$ W) \& m
68. Sanctuary
6 [" ~8 \6 j) V7 {6 n4 a) H4 e 69. Collective disappearance$ D/ n+ M- {) ?, c8 p3 i* K
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! ^- w$ s! h" `* c2 }
) ?5 d9 w$ Z G( m9 h& _+ | }
8 U B5 A0 I5 h% j
6 S4 J. o; I. h4 u0 U }9 jTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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9 X* v; k1 `' h7 @ x9 hActions by Consumers; X u: ?3 `1 J" v3 v3 w* n7 T
71. Consumers’ boycott
/ g s9 Q- d( H( u- r7 C 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- p6 Y# Y! ?& b
73. Policy of austerity+ N$ T( g. H( [6 W; V6 S; n
74. Rent withholding/ y: X6 S. C* X% \5 g
75. Refusal to rent
, G2 i! b, ^ ?3 l' t. v9 A4 w) z1 | 76. National consumers’ boycott( A' g$ ]7 u7 f- p% X6 f7 ]- b7 I
77. International consumers’ boycott& j1 N. K' a9 e# b' e1 `
" u8 r% n- w" P! l! ^Action by Workers and Producers
- Z( _$ }5 \: I; ^9 R 78. Workmen’s boycott
3 u) G2 @$ N8 y) n' i ^ 79. Producers’ boycott
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C A e. T1 L T# _Action by Middlemen
! M! i0 E3 \* R1 o+ w 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% I- O: T6 j# _+ |* M5 D/ I+ ^6 F
) H) B+ [* R0 d& i" Z
Action by Owners and Management& r8 S' B: H# \6 l! d- W# }
81. Traders’ boycott& `, G8 C3 {% w6 A M# d
82. Refusal to let or sell property
( v1 p, Y& s3 C# t( w X x: J" X 83. Lockout
0 k" j: s3 o' K3 |% ^ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
0 k3 t. u3 j3 ? 85. Merchants’ “general strike”& D; P/ a# l* X' T, ^
; Q! d& n/ g8 }! w
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
2 I: @) e" \: ]! ]2 H 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# w# s8 }9 B! R; i% r 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- v/ ]/ W2 x' d) l% U) F. w
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. f- c7 \: S5 K, N& H1 S
89. Severance of funds and credit& R6 {0 }3 C% r/ O/ l, ]& K
90. Revenue refusal4 @% V# q2 }% B+ K
91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ c* g6 N9 Q; H0 H I( C5 D, u2 F" q( v) m8 w; {. ^& L3 A9 i
Action by Governments
# c$ c: p3 [; y9 M I" r 92. Domestic embargo. M, \1 v- I: d1 q! l6 Y
93. Blacklisting of traders0 Q0 V3 b; p0 e$ s# e- {0 u
94. International sellers’ embargo
5 B3 i: Q. O) A 95. International buyers’ embargo
6 I! K; U, i1 _ 96. International trade embargo7 @1 z9 k! f* H. @0 O
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes6 u' D4 m: Q- Z4 F$ o3 Z# k
97. Protest strike
* e; d' I5 g2 D6 C. Z* _0 Z 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
/ W* n0 M6 f( E8 F1 v- F, m
3 a. @4 _4 U. uAgricultural Strikes
- V& T) ?4 s% j- w0 S# ^ 99. Peasant strike
& @3 V2 @7 _7 Z; R, z 100. Farm Workers’ strike
/ W; E! h) @0 f" W1 N. `' P& r. N7 F4 q
Strikes by Special Groups8 x1 P- A" o) t3 d4 J3 S7 X8 E
101. Refusal of impressed labor0 a$ e& p8 s( Z% p8 i
102. Prisoners’ strike
) |% G" j! r! i+ {% ~( D 103. Craft strike
1 q9 L5 G' i- k) `) a! g 104. Professional strike, H0 @9 A4 G. i- {$ u: Y7 n
' D& \: [% K0 `% A9 R- UOrdinary Industrial Strikes2 k0 t0 \3 k S$ b( g
105. Establishment strike6 o* ~5 [. }+ F
106. Industry strike4 L B H3 N# S9 a. ?# a- Z& q
107. Sympathetic strike6 G- t: J' P. h8 Q- p
3 W# z7 H: }7 E3 i: m! N
Restricted Strikes. {( w6 P% v% ^4 V3 A9 l: t
108. Detailed strike6 g* \& A4 h/ E( q5 r* y
109. Bumper strike: P2 f/ |$ |! }8 |/ u
110. Slowdown strike
7 P) }3 o/ ^) Z# _ 111. Working-to-rule strike8 i- U, m6 |! c* U8 c5 I
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 ^4 ]3 Q% y0 u
113. Strike by resignation0 i" c! c' f3 M4 }7 u( R% p
114. Limited strike6 S" L6 P, W4 ] \! |- m1 d2 I: N' H
115. Selective strike
! h$ \* t6 B( E; C
/ t, E: S' F: m9 R5 |9 JMulti-Industry Strikes3 t9 ]4 i! ]) S1 I$ Q# U% W
' J: T& N7 S, V8 |0 B+ c6 H 116. Generalized strike2 l! D$ B7 u" o6 Q7 c# e3 r- w
& _+ A+ \% i7 e s! K1 f4 ~
117. General strike2 p% e- o3 g+ V
! e4 N1 ]2 A3 r3 g4 h, oCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 I. U: _. N, Q5 \" M7 L, c4 l8 X7 z3 p! D+ L
118. Hartal
2 b7 Y9 Z6 r! } V, Z" F) j3 `+ ]# T
119. Economic shutdown1 ?3 j/ ]6 r* `2 }3 e& |
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3 ]: d( @$ D# U5 Q3 q* M6 Y+ Z9 h9 b) j6 e. I# ^) }2 t( s& f
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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) p& n6 i0 n# bRejection of Authority/ c- t, s& Y% f9 O s. [
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; p. ]% u$ ^8 s C; b
121. Refusal of public support
& N6 ]7 F, h1 N k+ [9 a 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 n. Z i: i) `; s$ n6 U5 b! x; G# C. j" S7 A6 | C
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government- Q. D# F' m2 x& }* b0 N
123. Boycott of legislative bodies# }2 q$ M* w2 g4 g5 V8 n9 Q9 j
124. Boycott of elections n6 D. `4 A$ `. `- G8 A
125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 |; {. I% y' @
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. U$ l1 D& h& r. z
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* F9 q* c1 _) D( L# p# z* m
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 E% Z8 H$ l L& w 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ n; M3 j4 j" R* B, C8 @
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 c/ t, \# M9 M/ |, C, F 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 v6 D, C4 y0 A# w( U 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 U+ d$ [6 x! E; X5 Y. R7 e0 y1 \! P3 M4 [
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, E7 S9 g' ]6 X* h 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: A1 O v1 g, X9 n 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ [/ T7 d4 J) e z7 A
135. Popular nonobedience
5 b+ z& y; q6 q3 C0 c, ? n; f( c 136. Disguised disobedience0 }2 F Y9 C# F) S
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! c3 @+ f$ Z5 e% z) V& r 138. Sitdown
: _; D5 [! m/ j! g2 C0 H 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; P6 {. @7 m; g( U. U8 _
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ R" ^( I7 S' \0 r 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' I* d, q" r- \6 b' F, U2 A) u: ~9 t4 j: D! G4 u0 J8 ~
Action by Government Personnel# h% W, P0 F) e# K% s0 R
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# g: }& V- J7 R3 V1 a
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
a# f2 k5 Z" d4 q 144. Stalling and obstruction
1 B7 V) S# ~+ y' Q% e- Q 145. General administrative noncooperation
1 f" g! S" G' X& h$ g4 Y9 A p6 D' j$ q3 o
146. Judicial noncooperation$ [7 W9 x* \8 L+ q/ V) h V
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents9 p3 `4 I" Q& N. [6 N" a2 w1 ]
148. Mutiny
& Y. k. D: q1 ADomestic Governmental Action* S/ n2 w' D' a2 }0 [* c, H
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 C; L. T- y1 Q$ W* j
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
/ [. i! W0 m* i7 w5 g' s7 E# c& g: F4 v+ Z8 d
International Governmental Action
$ i$ i5 h q9 B; k 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. B5 d& {: ~$ [! |
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; t) y5 w; H. M% ^0 `
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: x) b& r( {0 z( G! g2 g 154. Severance of diplomatic relations! V! c) y! c* m% [ _; T: M
155. Withdrawal from international organizations& C) j! A( D2 u9 I& R
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' P0 p; q0 H: Y9 D5 h# V& P
157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 h6 ^7 H+ N) Q4 n8 \1 E4 _
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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4 t: L1 N8 |* {+ D8 RPsychological Intervention
; F. e0 [* ?, Z8 `; L 158. Self-exposure to the elements
J$ Z0 @3 L4 A, ]0 g4 e 159. The fast
6 `) V; N. `/ M" s a) Fast of moral pressure" s3 ?& h r8 e; P& ~2 ]1 v) {
b) Hunger strike
2 {# X9 N& T: w% W# e c) Satyagrahic fast: h, k, W) e/ l* ^0 ?
160. Reverse trial
6 Q! ~. `6 B" q) Q 161. Nonviolent harassment, m% |3 C# ?/ V1 j, F
6 D8 E( I- C. a2 m2 ^5 P6 sPhysical Intervention) g+ Z$ u# K0 G2 W; g. e1 Z+ W2 K) \
162. Sit-in
" n8 s6 v/ k6 f& L* j7 t2 `! W+ s 163. Stand-in
$ j6 v( s( B. c- b8 x1 [7 ^* ~" [ 164. Ride-in
3 g- V4 i! Z: G' `- l( L 165. Wade-in, ~% k. b5 T' Q* o: G
166. Mill-in
& J; B& b- F) l: C" c 167. Pray-in
2 \$ r7 o) \7 p0 u 168. Nonviolent raids" {: O! d* D( ~0 y
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ z' i% l* z8 W; a) X; N 170. Nonviolent invasion
6 {& n z6 L3 @$ Z8 L 171. Nonviolent interjection
, g x2 ?% [) R, N8 [0 o 172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ ]/ H! }5 y- }* b5 m9 W" o 173. Nonviolent occupation
3 C, W6 K* Z0 ?$ d5 W N) Y g0 c6 b% s) s5 M0 Y
Social Intervention
: x+ F9 y2 t8 a# p7 j) r: B 174. Establishing new social patterns
& R& c* p7 J; o; l4 R6 A" { 175. Overloading of facilities
" [) h' W2 o. ~2 _$ R 176. Stall-in
9 i0 I, K! I2 K4 o/ n2 h( n 177. Speak-in
+ x9 [6 ?, |1 x7 [ 178. Guerrilla theater
. u" f- r- E% n C2 i0 @ 179. Alternative social institutions
. V" i0 E5 n, o4 v; l# m& c 180. Alternative communication system
( ^, Q4 a4 |$ `1 y' }9 X8 H: K* x- w
Economic Intervention6 J( ~4 D1 l* l7 V$ m) r
181. Reverse strike
1 C7 V( F( M2 d6 x# B 182. Stay-in strike
9 T, w1 N7 s x% Y# ~ 183. Nonviolent land seizure0 R) h, R1 n" `
184. Defiance of blockades) l, `! ~% \+ `+ l! }
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 b. M! Q4 k7 A8 a( B r* _
186. Preclusive purchasing% w# ^' \. M$ j# J% O
187. Seizure of assets- r- _! ^8 K$ [( F7 o1 m
188. Dumping
4 I- {. T) d. T; m 189. Selective patronage
. B8 ~% m$ x+ }" H! T 190. Alternative markets
! |& S' Z- y/ A' { 191. Alternative transportation systems
7 j" c/ A( h2 w 192. Alternative economic institutions0 z* F' I4 S- {
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Political Intervention
# ~ j' Q" T# l3 t# p6 E 193. Overloading of administrative systems
2 j( t0 C' c. d) p$ ?+ e 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
% L% f3 Q5 {& c4 ^6 Q: y, Q 195. Seeking imprisonment& R2 B' x# o3 m) p
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 c: v6 w( y) B2 i 197. Work-on without collaboration
3 F& v {0 B2 ^+ }* T% a 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 Y* O! B& Z1 s2 P4 K; H- c; T
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
