 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION4 y( L* u7 } ~% }
Formal Statements6 g3 I4 u4 ^6 j% f/ ~
1. Public Speeches
+ F9 f$ y6 n5 ^9 d+ a 2. Letters of opposition or support% v% V5 [; Y# O
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( `/ r- b( ]1 H- k8 q' {) ^
4. Signed public statements
- D# a( i1 y* u4 T% j% _" g+ [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ U' `1 T% i# p/ u9 Q* _* {# w5 h+ I
6. Group or mass petitions
3 S$ [: ]& A# r' w" m4 k
3 M3 K6 ]$ f- m3 o3 W$ C' XCommunications with a Wider Audience9 h7 `1 ^0 d0 C7 Z; Z
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 x. s4 | m. K$ n# @! \6 k, b
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* \. A% J8 s- `( S0 ?" o7 l, b 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ @7 T+ _. k) X& H% t9 X0 J 10. Newspapers and journals
n1 m$ f; t7 V Q6 g; Y 11. Records, radio, and television
! N- c$ O$ C8 N$ m( S8 Q0 ] 12. Skywriting and earthwriting' Y+ _$ [* o0 @1 V" b/ G5 q6 T
0 j) e6 r4 O4 g3 {9 q( RGroup Representations
2 U. q1 [* o1 M0 g5 w9 \ 13. Deputations( J! m3 [5 s( m" ]! B9 l) v5 V
14. Mock awards8 |. T( f- Q* z
15. Group lobbying
5 a7 R! {( g0 P/ k2 W+ P' v. R% [ 16. Picketing
6 [8 u& H& Y- r' j 17. Mock elections
: n& v- ]- ?2 @; v" ]1 Q- }, }, ~
Symbolic Public Acts
/ `. X* N& G, u2 e/ T. W" s& C, ^ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; U. @/ i0 T5 y, I+ ~6 ?% { 19. Wearing of symbols+ H7 s& d/ Z- a
20. Prayer and worship
! j; M& Z* g) p 21. Delivering symbolic objects
' r: ?0 g1 C5 O- S' R 22. Protest disrobings
. [" K, k2 E W0 m- ^1 s9 D 23. Destruction of own property6 n( F( s0 n4 m; a d& @5 Z
24. Symbolic lights" B6 [0 Y* i9 z& v" m
25. Displays of portraits9 M) `3 ?5 C" k) \0 h; ^3 Q
26. Paint as protest
0 Q, d5 J4 A4 H2 y0 l$ | 27. New signs and names+ {' F9 Y: |- d( M0 d
28. Symbolic sounds
) x8 M# O% r. {1 u: O- v% {% H0 B 29. Symbolic reclamations
% ]& y4 M; |/ H J 30. Rude gestures
2 E7 i; B, H& V( B" k" u
& z4 l8 ^# p1 B* x) E3 I$ }Pressures on Individuals
. O* g7 x6 Q. [/ Q! }7 X4 F" y1 f. t 31. “Haunting” officials
6 \. i4 D. q9 e9 q: B 32. Taunting officials
( Q1 o( D* j* F" f% } 33. Fraternization2 [, \0 C; c) h" U# v
34. Vigils- c/ R2 [3 H' B% \8 b9 i! L
0 j4 y$ O8 ?/ Q9 W2 H9 ]- P
Drama and Music: C- _" i. G, j( z2 w7 z7 q
35. Humorous skits and pranks
o. w6 N! i" ~, x x 36. Performances of plays and music! _' P5 n6 E6 }" o2 I
37. Singing
4 Z4 _- o4 D- N' R' R& R: s; n" s! Q1 p
; B" u; {3 T! w, n+ dProcessions/ ]. o$ o6 W6 a o" ]* W
38. Marches- j; S" t: ~0 u5 `% |8 b2 `! V
39. Parades
+ D+ ]# ?, ?; S 40. Religious processions
* X' W0 H# y c5 a# d3 T; Y 41. Pilgrimages) v5 Z9 o4 Q7 d' S7 m3 x1 F6 |
42. Motorcades% Q3 z' c6 Z ]: ?; I. p$ i
, h1 X9 A2 ?" X3 M7 ZHonoring the Dead
" ?3 ]2 g5 F0 A 43. Political mourning
; G- Q# J3 S1 S# a 44. Mock funerals5 m5 g$ J: \* h6 z
45. Demonstrative funerals L" u% L5 }/ ^" \% ^
46. Homage at burial places
1 m. q/ R" D7 S
* E% B0 V3 i7 K/ K. h+ \Public Assemblies( a: U/ s$ \" F& y
47. Assemblies of protest or support8 F& n& P8 g4 \" ?$ r
48. Protest meetings" c# z; E3 |- h& v5 W! J% h; V
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
. r- Z5 `/ q6 L+ g' [& L 50. Teach-ins
& G9 J: n6 v1 P) Y$ h
& N, v) t# ~' g% P/ i# A% e# L3 e7 WWithdrawal and Renunciation# N0 x7 @8 f4 S3 M v* Q( Q! U
51. Walk-outs
* \( c. N8 A4 c6 f+ n* n |5 f 52. Silence
9 s/ A( W# L% ^4 A% u0 a 53. Renouncing honors
: b6 j5 G' s2 G8 O; j8 D; w; X 54. Turning one’s back3 m* F( o3 m1 v% W8 |
% M% l1 x4 b" A" H
, e& I' h4 o; r( G; s
& n0 a6 N% {! T- {3 ^0 CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
. ~/ F" ^% X* _+ {' ~/ l/ |0 F" v/ N$ x0 _7 |
8 j# l# |9 j/ U1 u
1 x: u; Z+ d, z1 i; }1 Q
Ostracism of Persons6 \1 s- l' q* O8 n
55. Social boycott' x% f2 v# d% i# q2 q
56. Selective social boycott4 \2 d: a) J, l, J" S/ q
57. Lysistratic nonaction
* A. {- v2 O- Y! W2 x t: a 58. Excommunication, G3 r" S# t. p- }* a. |) H
59. Interdict
3 M/ u1 x, M- ^' @* n3 L5 K( q2 {- J7 o+ J) I
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 t9 `3 D b5 s& S b$ h 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" H/ U/ [/ l8 @( m: F 61. Boycott of social affairs
/ r6 A6 l g5 G/ k9 K1 w# R 62. Student strike# Z& s6 W# r* |
63. Social disobedience
. z# Z& ]+ e3 ~, h8 v: _ v! D! ~ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 q: D) \3 v0 } T) G8 W$ Q+ V2 E1 |
9 n0 j0 W3 P& \! u2 K
Withdrawal from the Social System
5 i6 [) K* K( M2 d5 c9 @ 65. Stay-at-home
/ b/ @) ~2 d; R2 T 66. Total personal noncooperation3 E, ]3 i$ R( o6 B# v1 L# {( T. y6 o% c
67. “Flight” of workers
5 n: t7 Q1 J8 @5 p 68. Sanctuary
1 y2 O- W3 \$ l' g7 x: C 69. Collective disappearance" W, Z7 w% o4 A
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
. w8 N7 e/ G5 C! Y" J7 ]% m$ b8 ~) x- V' a' F! O
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6 S+ ~1 B% E7 K/ x, OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 M# d$ _/ T) A$ ^& B7 Y; ~& M- }, G
) m+ n9 j# w. D3 \2 k 9 M; x4 ~: j( x( k5 Q
Actions by Consumers2 v: z2 C8 h* _5 P/ ~ x
71. Consumers’ boycott
@6 O: b3 X$ S; u; \. H& @& b- s0 \ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- N5 D S/ m! m/ Z5 K 73. Policy of austerity
% ], g w" y K9 w; n 74. Rent withholding
& m) q. E' N4 d 75. Refusal to rent
t/ `4 p9 ~" ]+ C 76. National consumers’ boycott
; d' J6 u( V8 s; o3 G+ P 77. International consumers’ boycott" O% _9 h0 c0 y; ]' ]1 Z
& j d% Z0 N+ k8 y& t/ P8 L/ i
Action by Workers and Producers
3 W- `0 o* v/ @% d7 O 78. Workmen’s boycott
# ^* ~5 l/ A8 S- j/ l8 X 79. Producers’ boycott5 |; }' w0 H& @# [
& Y/ b! k7 m+ l& g& i' j$ g
Action by Middlemen
+ a1 v/ [1 C, X$ s 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
' n: F) c" a5 E: z: W, m
" X) M" t: D# r. n2 DAction by Owners and Management1 z# W$ A7 Z* v# T& h# C3 g
81. Traders’ boycott% M# w! N$ b0 i2 u
82. Refusal to let or sell property% p5 m( T9 \8 o$ o6 R- G9 R9 s
83. Lockout
* Q- u, i2 Q5 ]" C* m+ @6 J 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 H/ U) b! |; \: x- U9 @ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
# j# B3 C/ B u8 G; N! j0 m( W- k* j, w% t# C# s
Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 U( F! M" X7 \7 o+ G9 m4 ]2 F
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 t, v4 n3 ^- I3 B0 S' D2 N, }3 H I
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' |$ _( R$ v' o4 e 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 u( [# p+ p/ S n- C( s+ t
89. Severance of funds and credit8 H' s, ^ ^; ], P5 N1 S
90. Revenue refusal
& x! o& }" v. A" q0 g# Q) Z 91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 b' U1 _* e5 Z& Y) T+ e# C' b' c* p, I
Action by Governments2 ?0 N8 [, [' |& v
92. Domestic embargo0 @: M( h6 k6 s7 o5 V; d
93. Blacklisting of traders% C6 v( O. {: z! z6 A% d/ v6 r* d
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 f U* p r; w0 W 95. International buyers’ embargo
% M# y: a: q. h; N& `3 Z 96. International trade embargo
; V7 Q6 E, F5 A6 ?; G" P) I2 ? G$ V" P4 @" \
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$ K8 u: |) ^0 ^& G$ M( `
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
3 C* P! y C7 r0 K
- c; Z0 o, F+ N5 ^6 r6 _
5 D/ U: k8 v2 w. D0 ^% DSymbolic Strikes
0 p0 d6 }; G. t! Z4 u& w 97. Protest strike% C5 X% |) x: b% i% A3 m
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% T" C5 Y8 \" b+ B6 L
2 h( a' o- P% r. K- ` `2 T' n
Agricultural Strikes
5 Y/ h7 V4 K3 X" b1 i 99. Peasant strike& |! ~' H& z7 s3 M) _
100. Farm Workers’ strike
( D0 G7 M( V# N Y; w g% X$ V# j; w
Strikes by Special Groups
2 C& A# t+ d7 {3 w4 N 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 _/ h; D7 a* ? f% o* h, X& k 102. Prisoners’ strike; H5 q5 V! }. u5 B/ n% N, [
103. Craft strike
' K5 _; s6 R1 E5 v o* o 104. Professional strike
# F: y" }7 z" U# H, U+ I8 W/ U! Q m y# s$ E
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
# J0 D' D; h6 l 105. Establishment strike, [. M/ H# }$ w; S) J0 |6 s
106. Industry strike
: |6 B+ }' Y5 n' G3 x 107. Sympathetic strike; E' [% w+ ~6 U) W# J& V8 W! C { p/ L
# w2 p2 C' C' Z( W7 S5 F/ ~
Restricted Strikes% [$ p$ |3 y$ I
108. Detailed strike
0 ~. g i; e: T 109. Bumper strike( ]3 ?, N1 f# ] F/ B
110. Slowdown strike# N; n1 {( Q* F X
111. Working-to-rule strike+ h: Y* p8 W3 C: X) W% f
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): L3 a, g2 {+ j" _/ j( C9 A
113. Strike by resignation
! ~7 d* p* h0 h$ @ 114. Limited strike
5 O& t5 {" u' H& p i3 ?0 _$ t( b 115. Selective strike2 z+ A! J' _5 x* C5 s7 Z* G
% g' S/ J& M3 I z9 o; A4 U% s& JMulti-Industry Strikes
" v8 a% P3 L5 v5 W
' \/ |, j5 b: Q$ y2 S. O8 a" d 116. Generalized strike5 E @6 V* [+ ]; t) [
; d+ g0 T, I& y* M ?" X
117. General strike
( c' Z% Q* \3 F; \/ x
6 s) `8 V- a3 t% ^5 M( P0 v, q0 H7 l. HCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures- f& N; ^$ h9 A
2 v7 @- p$ r$ B. s5 b% n3 ] 118. Hartal
2 ~4 k! y, |% Z' {2 ^" C' e0 ]- l8 d t$ p8 x
119. Economic shutdown
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' [6 T+ D" z h- E ?3 T - h! L' d% y3 j6 }: R6 @) B
! V& ]# M1 [# LTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# G5 F" ?2 O. o( u* u7 K5 \6 |
* B0 }- n: i1 y3 k) |0 K* N A
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Rejection of Authority
' ~8 y+ m1 b; @+ b# a$ y2 N3 P 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# `& } P& A" R" S 121. Refusal of public support
$ s) p/ ], e' M. f# L9 H 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 F7 u& U( }1 A" n8 r( b
: `2 v! M; @1 W/ n3 [Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 M2 t- |; l6 w/ n. [
123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ m3 B4 K5 M" b: C! i* ~
124. Boycott of elections5 h% L( r: a- p. S) d, P
125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ o' w. {: R9 a
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ ]: t) J+ H8 C0 a" v( E 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ M( a8 g M3 d: Q' E% `
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" ]) K! \" }5 f1 F. Y m2 l+ Z
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. v( @ I: J) j3 {+ E4 U# c8 F8 \ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# g3 H: q3 H6 D 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) C' ]0 H- n( c" V 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 j9 P: o; B9 z( Q
$ `& |; w! f3 _Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: ^6 p+ }. ^7 M% n1 ]0 I
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: k! v. i5 B" ^* h9 f* y( z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 Q/ |: Y. \, t- T$ u8 h 135. Popular nonobedience
! i" `- ~: ]) o9 U( \5 w e. v 136. Disguised disobedience& t1 l1 L/ J+ v# V$ b* _& B! t
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse& E: _' z( [- m0 e0 ?6 W
138. Sitdown
1 j/ ~$ L5 j7 I$ J, o1 B 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! b! R$ y* Z. U- _ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
: Y$ }* X" T( c0 r& `/ W9 l7 O 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 S0 x& v) {' K7 X% m0 C m2 M; _. u4 H; T! y9 h" D4 e3 [. {7 h
Action by Government Personnel
, ]8 ^5 k, i9 R3 e( c* n1 ^0 U 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 X& \. Y1 B/ a& |( N8 O, r% q) T 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
3 `# k& o9 P3 w2 i 144. Stalling and obstruction- H/ Z% R7 B+ B7 q! h( |
145. General administrative noncooperation! A7 c3 n R! V0 t5 n: Z. Q/ Y* i
5 m% a7 R5 p1 W+ {. p1 G 146. Judicial noncooperation# c- o/ ]. `6 P) b
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 R5 R. v7 u0 D. h; G 148. Mutiny
7 H* _- L- L' c. l% o1 P- f2 v+ CDomestic Governmental Action
" g6 G) z! u6 y2 o; F 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays R* |# C* _ ]4 ?+ q! X6 s
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 a* \: k+ u8 m* S6 P
# f- M7 w4 B, z. E( bInternational Governmental Action
% h/ r3 [+ ^* m/ q9 w | 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ l9 G; ]$ I; {2 i. c- M
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 H4 J( @8 Y; f( u' E
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 b, E, a0 Z1 {9 v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations& t: Q1 v3 f4 O9 O3 w
155. Withdrawal from international organizations; y& H0 Y8 M9 M3 }9 V
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( Y: n. N1 ^. F5 a 157. Expulsion from international organizations6 [! k, B4 b* N/ g0 q6 H
3 y) @2 U/ y9 L4 G
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# A1 v' L( V/ ?# O& D8 R6 q
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 T: X, f1 E9 @" T: M5 e' M- C4 Y
8 O4 D- E& A3 `3 { / @, {. q( ]3 R3 E; p6 V
Psychological Intervention9 J" C4 E) l1 Y: L+ z7 w( l$ g
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 w @, C# F$ ~* H% i9 `& l 159. The fast2 a2 U$ m7 R: ~0 C3 { ?& @1 J5 N
a) Fast of moral pressure5 t1 m+ B8 Y% b1 r( c7 o Y
b) Hunger strike- a) o3 N! K3 a+ Y+ f
c) Satyagrahic fast( _) g [* J. N+ e' \1 ?7 a) B
160. Reverse trial
0 o, \ U8 y# X6 I0 M! N 161. Nonviolent harassment
2 V2 V2 u. c/ u$ Q! |# X5 g
& H" P/ B8 R. R# z( u: uPhysical Intervention
$ T a( u2 h3 }. g 162. Sit-in+ k) R _6 d; M9 W5 D
163. Stand-in
& [% _" L- @3 j0 w2 q( ?; g# b 164. Ride-in
, f4 [( l! D/ O" U/ g 165. Wade-in
& v5 p) Y: l& n7 F3 n; _ 166. Mill-in) u" r) v* k. a/ o7 h
167. Pray-in
4 {% ~1 U0 R! d. A. D. u+ L- [. G9 w 168. Nonviolent raids
7 x$ ?' `2 @7 ]; v2 e9 x 169. Nonviolent air raids; F S( J" F) L+ {5 j/ a7 G! e& u0 j
170. Nonviolent invasion
- l( N& V! n* |# Z: E/ } 171. Nonviolent interjection S+ l; [% Y' Z0 E5 `- s
172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ }/ H, v5 ~1 L/ _! n3 b 173. Nonviolent occupation
# P+ z- v( f: r' C% D0 k, L, |5 p5 i( N9 ~! B; x
Social Intervention: u9 J: [) e7 E: ?2 [! t
174. Establishing new social patterns' k9 K4 j! F I1 d% W: c
175. Overloading of facilities
8 z/ I' p% I Q& G' K8 d8 u 176. Stall-in* r1 I# Y1 I q. i; {( t
177. Speak-in7 Z) R! Q+ I! d3 o/ c# ]
178. Guerrilla theater
]7 ]0 S' G Q7 i, F K 179. Alternative social institutions
1 \3 a; u, ?6 J( o- N/ n' P 180. Alternative communication system$ ?# b6 I3 x; P" E
) o" `3 k4 G1 {, H! e+ z. aEconomic Intervention2 @# ?; W5 k0 v3 |& [6 F; g
181. Reverse strike
: F k3 E. T( [ 182. Stay-in strike
& V+ I( v3 }6 @1 @ S) x4 Z 183. Nonviolent land seizure# n5 y ?* b. n2 @* Q, D2 N0 o. f! y
184. Defiance of blockades8 W( ?" r. ^0 N; m" M
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* _/ j1 Y) Z6 {
186. Preclusive purchasing6 s# p' g; g# ^* P
187. Seizure of assets
3 o2 W$ k, l& } 188. Dumping
6 h! `1 S M- |$ p* d5 v 189. Selective patronage
+ s# @1 w* I* @/ _ 190. Alternative markets! x4 b3 f: J' z
191. Alternative transportation systems1 |2 v# }( o$ u+ @6 ?* b
192. Alternative economic institutions+ \4 G" n+ _5 N
- r! c- l, q: S% Q: f4 a
Political Intervention
7 a7 Z* K& y+ I- G1 U a0 A/ p 193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 |) u5 r" @! F: T 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents2 @% p h. j7 n( |( e$ y' _
195. Seeking imprisonment
7 h0 _9 s0 D! T' | 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ @& \5 b1 k) N8 T, Y$ n3 k
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 }% k6 b7 v4 _( _5 q/ W8 t 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
