 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; Y( U) o$ c7 Q6 y F( K
Formal Statements: Y% a2 M# H) B/ y7 i( o( r, g
1. Public Speeches
% Y# r' E6 u+ t: c5 V 2. Letters of opposition or support% J+ x! c# I9 N, E8 D
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# k3 {) G- p' ]+ l4 k. [ 4. Signed public statements9 f' r/ V2 U( \' r& g" U. S5 Q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( B5 k6 ~. ^9 N) X 6. Group or mass petitions) o- R. Z1 B' a' ~& L/ t
; K D( }; z% f1 _ E% f
Communications with a Wider Audience
. W! X* P% p+ B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# A. R2 z d) A& p 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 ~& _# S9 ~) Z2 U& q" k* A 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! w+ M) |/ }, y9 d
10. Newspapers and journals
+ E2 y V8 X9 N9 a d4 r! L 11. Records, radio, and television3 [1 _1 S+ V+ M* e H3 W: W
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ s' z9 T1 e2 _/ K# J0 Q7 q
( ^; q, A* q% {9 f% SGroup Representations
3 ~; J6 s( G- X6 O- d& w) W 13. Deputations
" L: }9 a4 N" \2 K( m 14. Mock awards7 X( Z+ g9 Z' h3 n4 U3 ]1 a3 e
15. Group lobbying# K: s" o! [0 S$ r5 s! K* T
16. Picketing
2 J' r1 n- y/ F/ f; ^ 17. Mock elections: k7 j- l, C6 P( c% C
, z/ Z- p3 W! f/ e, S- [
Symbolic Public Acts: V% f7 n/ v+ h* L! B
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
D) e5 ^7 L# {! _ 19. Wearing of symbols. u: s$ q; w3 k0 f
20. Prayer and worship
/ k b" Y# B) c. A; e3 {$ [, } 21. Delivering symbolic objects4 k4 \6 o9 B9 k; N6 i# M9 [
22. Protest disrobings
* A. i1 u0 j! i& l% o7 _3 ^6 _0 ] 23. Destruction of own property
% r! q. ~$ p" i+ K' t$ X- K 24. Symbolic lights
% Z( |! \, w5 j0 E$ A- \* w: G 25. Displays of portraits
; K$ m: a7 O1 g5 P2 Y 26. Paint as protest7 B3 D1 n: p3 H# \1 p1 f
27. New signs and names
1 r- j! E2 R8 V3 [! T5 G& w7 t 28. Symbolic sounds
; a: n8 m" f% Y7 g4 M( Y: k 29. Symbolic reclamations
( H" S1 V. W6 [- _8 x 30. Rude gestures0 q9 W% p. C. \! K) Z! P5 P
8 x! x5 W9 n$ ]# s8 lPressures on Individuals% H) V. i' R! t0 y8 I/ @
31. “Haunting” officials7 W& e$ L$ E/ T0 P
32. Taunting officials
$ `. M) f% ?0 m0 m" c5 P) t/ j 33. Fraternization4 C. m5 }8 m& M2 {, W h, e. L
34. Vigils
+ z2 r* o V3 Y3 o" l& t/ {2 b4 T* y$ F' s# k; ^
Drama and Music% e7 n" M9 \3 { K0 B& Y1 m" u
35. Humorous skits and pranks
]& |% ?6 t1 } 36. Performances of plays and music
) F& ^3 i/ B6 `; r- O 37. Singing
9 h/ ?3 ]( G2 A& C& i6 X m: t
9 t3 O y8 r$ w9 C: b! l- c' tProcessions
4 X- n; E5 l8 e; E1 Y# }) q4 @ 38. Marches* e( O" I8 `6 k" X
39. Parades
" z' G2 f- j& x1 s 40. Religious processions
: c& C8 D( J2 x0 o1 x* r 41. Pilgrimages
- q" l: O; T1 k8 B% Z# @% e 42. Motorcades
* ~+ U3 \# B' d- l% Y7 t9 S' E0 F- x9 R1 T
Honoring the Dead. ?' O O3 T1 i" S- M
43. Political mourning2 s9 x% v' l |
44. Mock funerals. z+ C$ F) ^8 `. S
45. Demonstrative funerals
2 h v7 @* U. O, I 46. Homage at burial places/ p) t, ^/ Y' \% }. [
7 o) w0 f# F2 b; O" u4 x+ m
Public Assemblies) \4 _- W! i" O' `- W6 }
47. Assemblies of protest or support# T) B- ?" J# l3 A2 C! Q
48. Protest meetings n- x1 F/ }% N( R9 i: |. e" }6 x
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# i7 [, F) C; }
50. Teach-ins. ~$ y, j0 h; e& L
7 x" N z% Z2 r$ H* `! x
Withdrawal and Renunciation
2 D# P& f* @9 [' E 51. Walk-outs
# N E, B( L! Y7 k2 d 52. Silence
) \5 X3 h2 y( y* \& l& P( M 53. Renouncing honors
# t2 | [- t' v" j! o s2 s% V 54. Turning one’s back
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$ K L+ z6 E+ ?" K: K
- A! I2 y6 A( {# a5 ?4 GTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( Z3 ~: U3 u' W! \' p
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Ostracism of Persons( c7 y7 s9 a3 X9 [( S- ^9 b) \
55. Social boycott
, ^1 y: x' y7 T4 O8 ^ 56. Selective social boycott' ?6 b/ ~1 f2 L7 ]. c
57. Lysistratic nonaction& w& V' ]: P1 C
58. Excommunication1 V3 f D) J4 f1 t+ i
59. Interdict
4 O' Y, \! M: |7 Q0 p0 w% X. s7 [4 A. Z
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. C7 E# D+ r% z; w4 z
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# x; z. K ]7 t9 U, J" I/ ^ 61. Boycott of social affairs. }: Q3 q2 t+ q) ^( p0 n
62. Student strike; N/ Z! Y! ~6 g" V! `6 V
63. Social disobedience
1 I/ z% S# l0 S) u& y 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% I' | M9 F; Z: e* v. E4 I& B. o
* y; E$ V, T9 U4 R5 z& zWithdrawal from the Social System
% x& p7 L0 N( g# F) K4 ]' P( o 65. Stay-at-home
0 g4 y5 \9 F$ ]: ~ 66. Total personal noncooperation
" w7 {/ f P8 {" c n 67. “Flight” of workers, j4 j3 T2 d) R5 c5 z) |
68. Sanctuary
g) c3 w% @$ x9 z9 W) b 69. Collective disappearance: }0 @( Y- k& t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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6 V4 q: t6 c3 Z& R( }( g5 tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers4 O/ N1 U# c6 _2 K: S( \
71. Consumers’ boycott6 G) l, n; j' m' r: ]% {
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( z6 t% \. g8 X3 |$ e$ R' j 73. Policy of austerity9 e9 A4 t: L) f# E3 L6 N
74. Rent withholding
' m' o& i' v7 l# X2 @2 | 75. Refusal to rent& d- D, h* }8 T; K
76. National consumers’ boycott
9 `8 C* z% }4 t6 w( _5 P 77. International consumers’ boycott5 G1 h5 _, |: }0 }
4 H+ j9 ]+ }; r$ w+ OAction by Workers and Producers
& z+ {- C3 p. D 78. Workmen’s boycott
- c0 K5 ] H' h( p6 J 79. Producers’ boycott. c7 e* m, Y' O- m/ n$ X
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Action by Middlemen0 H0 g! V9 d# N b- d% t; X( {% s: L
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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9 ?/ \" Q' W/ a0 M7 UAction by Owners and Management0 K# Q4 d" N. y) t
81. Traders’ boycott" e- n& [2 O& D" {& i& v
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! X1 g/ w( r" u6 Z- P 83. Lockout$ t5 F- g% C a% N+ G
84. Refusal of industrial assistance6 S- K0 N b7 j5 }+ A! ?
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 G! G6 q" X. e/ m$ ~7 F8 g 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 X- ?+ c0 [/ d8 D' n6 c 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 }3 C7 q9 ?, O+ s
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
8 Y. `+ y/ R% ?; L/ P1 v( g 89. Severance of funds and credit
( W# ^0 E7 g3 U9 P: h 90. Revenue refusal6 P0 L, B- {# Y2 b0 N4 Y
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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$ T( h% J9 c9 e) I0 c. ^4 YAction by Governments
1 b' p+ }" j2 k' h, N' `! o0 U2 ~2 p 92. Domestic embargo3 t x4 M3 |7 g5 @: g! Y6 `. c# t
93. Blacklisting of traders' o, z$ P ]9 |
94. International sellers’ embargo
0 ?4 @4 X) i5 P1 f# D, d 95. International buyers’ embargo
$ D+ n) |: a/ [8 O# ~8 q0 Z 96. International trade embargo# ?2 r, a8 U6 t- S1 e7 Y5 a
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?) {8 |/ p1 ]/ p) s2 Z3 |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# H) x) R& A, X8 b
2 o4 V9 f7 J H3 \1 q4 ^5 v- Y
) l% R+ {4 H% j9 K8 u( gSymbolic Strikes
; p) h6 N% j3 ^ 97. Protest strike
& U- g/ d7 `% `$ H 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# J. W. A8 T" F
- d( T5 ]9 g) Q. _. P5 bAgricultural Strikes) p3 W7 E: Y* y, l
99. Peasant strike6 H) V, b; j% T2 n' D
100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 ]$ A5 s' h9 A$ w& j* ~: [2 n7 [3 ?0 Q4 u$ s6 ^7 }
Strikes by Special Groups, O3 o' d: z: \$ ~& U1 i
101. Refusal of impressed labor
* O/ B) x9 q& w" y 102. Prisoners’ strike- z- z" L2 X% |+ [6 m1 D
103. Craft strike
6 u: J$ h, r' z* k0 ]" a8 a1 } 104. Professional strike2 [ O. U, P) e9 t; J
# p" @5 Y. K$ }! }" H) h: o6 HOrdinary Industrial Strikes
0 O& F$ G9 r$ ~3 N' N. G 105. Establishment strike
. R$ g+ G4 ^1 N% J9 _& G; F 106. Industry strike
' s6 x! z3 Z/ @ 107. Sympathetic strike( I# U" W+ m5 q- u; B. _
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Restricted Strikes6 d9 |( O" w& H$ Q/ W, B
108. Detailed strike% W% f9 e1 R. _
109. Bumper strike' N1 c, y8 n- s2 U2 _0 I$ J
110. Slowdown strike
! L4 [: C) j4 { ^; T& c5 X 111. Working-to-rule strike# Y0 z; g, Q% l4 y( ?
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: O" `2 y8 m w5 x& N4 n4 R 113. Strike by resignation
5 ?: C; X: {- ~: b& k 114. Limited strike* O$ [) T9 M9 h& X% ^1 b8 `, Y2 \
115. Selective strike
2 X% y! B( O0 \5 w. N0 L. h+ ~, {% a6 E% [: G ~! [4 j6 m; p% @
Multi-Industry Strikes
0 E" P% O; n+ ]: s
6 _# W1 y/ R B4 p8 D$ [% @ 116. Generalized strike: y9 Y9 G) ]/ a% n1 C: h
, g/ P( c# A2 }8 z! I$ W 117. General strike1 X8 B: q0 G2 ? ^0 J
6 w' n: d, S k
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. c# {0 Y% U: n8 a
% H. G2 `, R6 Z7 R3 [6 x6 j H
118. Hartal
6 b3 h* b+ y; `# |7 @! R9 }2 {, F, Q% ]% F9 B/ u1 @: [; Z
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
/ ?! t$ m" Q& V7 G+ a5 ]7 v, i 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance! f, H$ L P! Y6 E# @* r
121. Refusal of public support2 Q, U+ }( h' p$ J* B
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& I% ^1 p6 n3 h5 k, X
& ~7 R" q) Y/ y- W: L9 W: ~
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
( o6 \6 ~, h- o4 H b" l6 b( `: }7 S 123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 q7 s! c: f8 F- {
124. Boycott of elections
6 M, D" E, I6 [# z: l 125. Boycott of government employment and positions: [, h! j4 z- x F$ H
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" Q' t9 Q. W: m+ Z
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 w* I* U- T0 _ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ Y, R: r# R" n) B$ }0 E# V0 ` 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: J/ U& o6 L3 ~! V 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; {- M& O# h' b4 U& ?6 |
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& U6 L, c6 ]) A3 D6 ?$ g! }4 [
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ `- _2 n* e$ U- m5 t! D$ Y( [0 u
8 g9 y# w7 L0 K3 ^
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' r/ M! t5 v4 p S; g- i 133. Reluctant and slow compliance* v) y9 U* [ v/ a5 b' I3 e
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 V% m& b6 s! o8 t& K3 x 135. Popular nonobedience
6 q% G t; n9 m 136. Disguised disobedience. f% D8 o* J4 [! D
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" R8 ^+ N1 a7 _& }) h7 l6 N 138. Sitdown
0 Y+ M3 B/ {" P0 s1 s 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( _! n2 V' f( _! a$ d. x4 ]1 _ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 B9 f3 A: _5 b& q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( ~: S6 {: M" k4 W, P) O, a6 @% ^" x
0 E% W% P; X/ n8 H+ b* v
Action by Government Personnel7 J2 v1 o4 q' h/ i0 U) @
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- o9 [2 _! d8 v0 u9 u/ v
143. Blocking of lines of command and information& x# k! m$ S: k0 O7 j; N6 k1 @
144. Stalling and obstruction2 J; H6 l# M7 E Y z
145. General administrative noncooperation* x0 G6 }( \3 K( Y
, y% i% W2 `! L" W& m1 b
146. Judicial noncooperation# m1 L8 ?+ @ y* f4 ?6 p
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' H' y* O* t4 \0 ], P: q3 b
148. Mutiny
* U" z, p O: w; l" JDomestic Governmental Action" e, t/ F9 x; Z4 \& B) k0 u# N1 L! p8 g
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ A+ P- q% g- r4 W" f$ a" r6 {
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; `* m6 v, V+ Z9 f9 A
3 a' Q, q9 {1 f. EInternational Governmental Action- a* t0 |" S: p* k
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations d7 B& O) t# D; g
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 `5 H+ v2 r ^2 s. ~. Y# \
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 W! \ t9 U' k# o
154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ m5 |# |! c: } [( C ^) a) D+ Y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations% v( O6 T7 a2 {1 ~
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
2 p' B1 I9 y2 ^( D 157. Expulsion from international organizations$ H! P! J3 [6 Q
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( F) o, ~; t( r7 P+ j: ? mTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 d5 p' {4 ~9 N5 ]8 z" g9 x0 l
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3 |9 {5 H: r7 l" b" H# d- A& m. oPsychological Intervention& A4 x; B: |( D6 U# [
158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 z! j0 c) R2 _ 159. The fast0 o4 [; F) N1 s# c+ n! U
a) Fast of moral pressure
$ |" ^: }. F4 E$ _4 W, ?6 s b) Hunger strike
- m7 [0 B, M, ~6 f/ E c) Satyagrahic fast) t* e9 }% |; K. g1 k+ F3 N
160. Reverse trial
2 @2 h- A2 ~4 e 161. Nonviolent harassment
1 C* t0 f/ V8 a8 L2 O4 y: h' j/ z' f7 S, m+ z. o+ ?8 G/ C& J8 D
Physical Intervention
7 H0 Y# v! N* j9 T# C; Q 162. Sit-in$ H: o, `# N0 L- ^! _7 s
163. Stand-in
+ [) N& n2 ]& [8 }, ]) c 164. Ride-in( Q* L7 G8 n/ N F Y y
165. Wade-in0 H& W: C! `5 [; b. g( A4 s+ k
166. Mill-in* D0 l9 i" e8 d! z5 c
167. Pray-in
4 `& M# G, Q5 d( Y0 U+ Z/ X% l7 n 168. Nonviolent raids
' Z; H- O6 K0 L4 q' P* Y# I; I1 T8 h# l 169. Nonviolent air raids+ u& y8 ?2 C) e* o
170. Nonviolent invasion
9 T; j% s9 Q0 G 171. Nonviolent interjection3 P# h2 J# x3 `# s6 M) \
172. Nonviolent obstruction
) ~2 W/ _$ l) h8 b0 X6 Q: E1 G3 U 173. Nonviolent occupation
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9 I' f9 Z5 i9 z3 n6 A: L/ ASocial Intervention. l3 D/ ^0 u( \' `3 N* @
174. Establishing new social patterns& W4 t1 e5 [: l6 x: C1 q! V
175. Overloading of facilities
' Z- R/ Y$ s- c0 @ j% f. s, j$ q 176. Stall-in" L+ x k7 T4 F$ T! b" a! o4 Y
177. Speak-in$ I3 Z q, b0 g: l; U$ w* S
178. Guerrilla theater
# X- P! r: c- u 179. Alternative social institutions
6 Q1 W z" w3 r+ H4 m* ? 180. Alternative communication system( L; L" {( d+ j2 g2 r
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Economic Intervention, B* O+ ~, {1 T! L1 D: {2 B
181. Reverse strike( T. }* C" y1 Y6 K* ]5 b6 e
182. Stay-in strike0 \& ~' b4 A& e$ F9 Q: ]
183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 Y6 t5 S: [# B- C, R3 @6 ^2 \5 P 184. Defiance of blockades" p E: ?% P0 y5 |. F: u* H
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- A; {2 D: u. t4 f( Z
186. Preclusive purchasing5 F4 Q/ p$ j8 l" P# d
187. Seizure of assets
$ j- Y' q- ]/ F0 \7 e* v 188. Dumping3 l: K+ B+ B' X
189. Selective patronage+ n6 z4 B. X/ [2 v4 C0 j" X
190. Alternative markets
: p& x. {3 y' Y9 h8 C 191. Alternative transportation systems- L# a0 a* O: \6 m T X, p/ M
192. Alternative economic institutions
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0 y+ S/ z/ x) Q" SPolitical Intervention
+ U/ X! y/ W1 i. Y% B y2 I 193. Overloading of administrative systems
! p. o3 L! W( \* W 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
1 @, T. E* \2 b& Z/ l 195. Seeking imprisonment2 e. x/ j2 H/ R7 c& M8 ?
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# S. |; _2 n6 K! f. m6 a2 M
197. Work-on without collaboration( b' \0 K( V2 G0 I( w" {) m
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 R+ Y c/ a6 v" [5 ^
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
