 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
1 u, X5 x1 o; W9 `) EFormal Statements/ J, Q: a& F( Y9 o- N4 P! x1 G0 X
1. Public Speeches, q8 ?5 X) ~( W) q: g- {7 {! b
2. Letters of opposition or support F1 T) U. G+ F0 _
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 p( M: n. d5 e8 [
4. Signed public statements" _ M* F5 G9 q' v3 Z- K/ ]
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) G8 T8 m# Y8 F D' F3 d0 s2 z 6. Group or mass petitions; J4 {# ] c4 |9 x2 T, p6 ^
6 n; o. V% Z2 {, g7 e7 b. s
Communications with a Wider Audience
/ s0 [* a9 _+ D6 E9 @9 T 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# z" t/ N) e8 b2 M 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 [( Y$ M+ E s2 s3 B' J5 { 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 q7 J8 L+ m4 R- R
10. Newspapers and journals
7 \. t y2 ~" i. ], ], f/ Y 11. Records, radio, and television, l# J2 G: j6 g- W+ F1 ?
12. Skywriting and earthwriting' c/ h) ~9 q' ?5 A$ m; [
! [ a; c+ S: s7 o. P
Group Representations
; j* W; }. c, Q) N 13. Deputations
+ m6 r- ]! e+ D ~ 14. Mock awards
# D6 `! {7 ^7 M3 t" z( h+ J1 G$ W 15. Group lobbying5 L( u. @' T$ \ @& H0 L
16. Picketing
3 Z0 ^# P1 I9 J8 Z6 }+ v 17. Mock elections
: d: \: D8 r! m/ T6 T* Z9 |; v3 ^; e, h
Symbolic Public Acts* c6 l/ e. o3 ^6 {
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* |' Q4 f, ?" x, L/ u 19. Wearing of symbols
# Y0 [- f7 ~: P( y( T5 C 20. Prayer and worship p0 o9 E( A# e8 S( s
21. Delivering symbolic objects
n0 j; V+ z& D' M* P 22. Protest disrobings
6 Y' `) i; X" _ h4 z 23. Destruction of own property
- k- _! q1 Q. w' s! b; r. o8 N 24. Symbolic lights/ C( d0 X! k! @$ d0 l
25. Displays of portraits3 B# d* t+ h% ]* n
26. Paint as protest" q7 c, N7 j8 b+ Y5 q3 y
27. New signs and names
3 n# n9 }( e/ O# j( I 28. Symbolic sounds
) a1 c4 F! ], E3 d) C( N 29. Symbolic reclamations
# `1 z$ z- E& r, w 30. Rude gestures K. E3 P; x) M0 L# H- F
8 C5 X- C2 ^, [0 W) L( c' fPressures on Individuals
( N* f- u# O9 I 31. “Haunting” officials
: M9 M/ _" H% B' o4 @0 w' O0 `* Q 32. Taunting officials
* D5 f1 U6 c3 C5 K5 m5 q4 J 33. Fraternization0 u ^8 e; g/ g2 r; r
34. Vigils
% A |3 \. d: c0 z2 N3 c" L" ]3 N7 X/ h$ u+ v0 w
Drama and Music' N- s6 O. Q# \+ y, [! g/ C
35. Humorous skits and pranks6 J$ ^ S& \5 i4 ]1 q
36. Performances of plays and music
. W* _6 \- D! m1 \6 s 37. Singing9 R1 Y _6 b7 e- r1 L
: M3 J7 s7 o u; t% b- [, T
Processions
: j4 `' m( h0 q; o 38. Marches! L+ ~3 z7 |% Y4 C" ^( u
39. Parades
3 C! _% ^6 ^8 g8 u Y5 Y" }$ ~5 O 40. Religious processions/ L8 ~% |; ^; w, p8 |
41. Pilgrimages& [2 h: Q5 h) q
42. Motorcades. M2 U. Y# q( G k! S% h% d
1 x1 m4 i+ I K7 k& C4 g @
Honoring the Dead7 ^# K4 l3 Z" e/ _
43. Political mourning
% y3 W/ y* w. _# a, d 44. Mock funerals
1 u# \4 f/ R9 i& M2 g/ n 45. Demonstrative funerals6 A5 S4 w7 G* i1 k" m5 c; y
46. Homage at burial places5 D K! A/ f* `9 x2 A* w
- h' y& J( r6 b
Public Assemblies
' g3 c' y7 ]4 L& T# p- ~( e 47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 ?6 J* W# G5 T9 F 48. Protest meetings! J( |. Y, w7 h' ]; K
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! ?6 u% o# p; K. ^: ^+ ^ 50. Teach-ins
3 h6 ?) L+ J* H7 u
* w- O- Z0 ~9 V: _Withdrawal and Renunciation+ h$ x0 B& }, t% m0 F
51. Walk-outs: J) r# Z' W/ ^2 P- b0 C
52. Silence
% @) u& |8 J# I0 U8 ]6 @ 53. Renouncing honors8 }- F1 j$ D- E& W
54. Turning one’s back
& J, S/ B% \/ ` E
6 K$ Z0 I/ t ^! n( t) E , n! Z% a2 Q# N& u& y& f
* j7 v* Y7 A$ }
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: Z8 L( l; K6 h, U8 k/ T: j) p: T. v. g& F2 c* N. O4 j6 J( v
; A2 _9 j" w$ G+ D
4 y: V2 U' X4 zOstracism of Persons5 c+ |( m+ [% O K2 H
55. Social boycott
( I4 x% o1 \- d2 F! ~8 m 56. Selective social boycott+ S- b. ? E* ]
57. Lysistratic nonaction6 e) c `: y3 }' C
58. Excommunication6 o! k- B Y/ f' E
59. Interdict
: ?6 e2 F% }4 J$ M# |' D; C t8 j% Y% x9 Y5 p: @8 r. n- U& A
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ d+ N: g! Z! M4 Q- s2 y1 U 60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ X* m$ i8 f8 w, ]7 u- D
61. Boycott of social affairs* d0 J3 X) A/ M- w
62. Student strike
5 Z& W* @) t$ D5 W9 ~% } 63. Social disobedience3 }& k; e2 `& l% }
64. Withdrawal from social institutions- L, Y3 R3 Z+ m% O1 W+ I( @
; l- v# u7 @) Z/ a$ ~. O2 c
Withdrawal from the Social System
) d9 j! w& W: e; H. `" n2 q7 t# O* e 65. Stay-at-home
& }7 V; q$ p. O1 x) v( ` g 66. Total personal noncooperation
9 w* r1 L$ |- g- Y& k1 |( W 67. “Flight” of workers- f+ o$ b6 J- T. J
68. Sanctuary
2 S; x5 ^; g: Q 69. Collective disappearance
7 U! I" Y3 k# P) O2 i 70. Protest emigration (hijrat) w& G1 Y* @7 M5 b4 P
3 S$ y1 s& T, }' v: o4 U & @4 H: U" \* y- z Z
. {5 a$ X% ~1 g- |
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- H# t2 q7 {% ~9 y
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/ F( C) A, A( t: X/ \6 L7 f
Actions by Consumers
2 x$ k- _' W/ m3 q. z2 ?& @+ L 71. Consumers’ boycott
7 ~6 W! n5 n8 ~, Y2 q! t3 R$ M 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( u1 P" w4 w% o# u1 v; g# f
73. Policy of austerity
! U' S. ~+ M* ]$ r0 |- y 74. Rent withholding0 t9 q4 X4 f- z" b" i
75. Refusal to rent
+ r) Y3 u- T# Y; _ 76. National consumers’ boycott4 c+ o8 _3 C" ~. h
77. International consumers’ boycott
' A# q1 Z3 ]* y0 [5 o1 s$ s" @$ M( {/ H
Action by Workers and Producers. _' w; Q7 v+ p* G R
78. Workmen’s boycott, s0 @ g/ Y$ X* c& L, _) M
79. Producers’ boycott
2 l3 |! `) A! N4 E- H
8 ]9 N, {9 ~( Q, n$ {; wAction by Middlemen
, u0 O8 k$ O9 `% \& J3 y( c 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ _) L' W( Y; _% y0 K' O$ S$ n; w O0 A& j
Action by Owners and Management
6 Y8 r$ R, i8 y. D8 l 81. Traders’ boycott) D* p' o0 C2 C V T9 w0 Z
82. Refusal to let or sell property
( C# {+ q' h4 t7 L) I 83. Lockout/ u8 `# L- a) {) y8 X" Q+ P) p2 o
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 |; }/ V# z, @) y3 _1 v 85. Merchants’ “general strike”% N. ^) {1 c' U
; ? O& u2 r. G/ t$ Q y
Action by Holders of Financial Resources1 M/ ]: R4 B. f" D
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 L) G& x# q+ }1 w
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- L% A) u5 e5 Z2 \+ N3 f' S 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ p. W) x$ |4 M* v6 C# K7 E 89. Severance of funds and credit( ]2 `3 k! d( H J
90. Revenue refusal
+ x9 _* ?7 A# l. r) R; G+ A 91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 |% M1 {, O% y/ z; ?
' R% j5 d: L2 N4 {3 KAction by Governments
6 \4 A+ o" o% C; G j w& g" F 92. Domestic embargo
3 ?0 R6 }. [1 o* R8 V7 s 93. Blacklisting of traders# {5 b# J& N% M* U
94. International sellers’ embargo
0 t( \6 J3 N% Y 95. International buyers’ embargo- [' @+ ^9 S$ {) C& }$ ~
96. International trade embargo
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3 n d4 _7 C& v0 K0 h e8 z/ iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 m! G: j8 d2 N
7 t4 h% b, b' m* R" {# W$ i' f' }
6 Z# }" |4 ]# N- fSymbolic Strikes/ x" z& z1 ^9 d6 D7 {% |
97. Protest strike& t# l6 R5 ]) E( T+ [; h5 V
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 t$ W+ t5 v6 ^ |. i
& W4 v* o& Q; N! k1 j' l* ?% e
Agricultural Strikes2 c; t. H) Z% _2 _8 L& }1 |
99. Peasant strike
! k6 G& Q9 D0 U! j# U$ M ?% f 100. Farm Workers’ strike- a! t. V$ {; W* U& }4 g
$ f, t# N( R. Y5 R
Strikes by Special Groups" c& h! i% ]- z; K' P
101. Refusal of impressed labor
! B4 @5 r' ]) Z9 @" S 102. Prisoners’ strike
! ]' V% I0 _! y 103. Craft strike Z' H, V: j- B7 `; Q
104. Professional strike' {. c6 @; P7 }) n4 {
4 U3 _0 ^+ E" X
Ordinary Industrial Strikes/ B6 x: C+ s; ~ Y. q; K
105. Establishment strike
6 E4 T) }# a: _3 ]# {* h 106. Industry strike: Y4 D0 ]( {5 f1 T! M, H% s1 i$ A
107. Sympathetic strike
! x4 L; t5 ?( g. M1 u, T5 T4 h9 e: j3 Y; v5 }4 P5 k0 L
Restricted Strikes
# v" c. k i2 I: \ 108. Detailed strike) p9 o; W s2 b( a7 _
109. Bumper strike J1 e% V% G7 x9 {
110. Slowdown strike4 _, f6 r5 o8 c( n3 I$ i
111. Working-to-rule strike
% \% |5 H/ h" c# M( s, Q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)3 q; R; g* X4 l& {* L1 m
113. Strike by resignation( l0 x7 Q- r5 Z2 _
114. Limited strike9 i) f& m$ {$ S' l, a, Q- T0 l
115. Selective strike: X7 \) X1 K+ S6 g( ?
. T1 N: [# r% JMulti-Industry Strikes* ? v; b: V& C
" a% c( m1 ]! e0 A% Z
116. Generalized strike
. @" H$ a: A/ L" c! S) y
1 ^8 E1 }4 Q! V2 E 117. General strike9 ?- q: B9 A% d: u6 S i
; f2 a# _8 t) ~4 x6 b7 D- x4 l, vCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures W9 T' W) _/ C) M6 s) u6 P
( i' x4 `0 k! x2 M: F) J
118. Hartal
: T# \6 v8 z2 C7 f$ z6 H' C, P( J; ]) }. _- p4 h$ r4 R
119. Economic shutdown
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- t# T: N- I1 hTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION E! l6 y" W+ f' M$ Q5 j
$ }7 T: k# x" a7 ^) o/ x
. d) b: S/ c9 o' p2 \% vRejection of Authority6 Y& o) H; P4 W' `' L' C
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& X1 x* _" Q j8 v- Y/ u$ y 121. Refusal of public support# J$ C8 B( H% R$ x
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 g, F( B) x" \( O
/ p) s" u8 ?8 e! s2 x s
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government- T0 i' J& q# B: t
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
, x" v: F: ^* N" R! T 124. Boycott of elections
7 h7 n1 u& S6 F n, k 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- E! w0 x5 `2 D$ n# v" g5 a 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' V1 e- ~3 g. S 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- e& l! v- ~; d
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# C$ }! X# f B3 Z" q% b
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# e0 W$ S- `+ e% r/ r; P 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
/ k! m9 z1 G! {8 P* Y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 d7 O5 g Y3 y5 J9 L 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
* P8 Z2 i% q2 Y
8 H: b% m) x" B( D9 S2 }Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) M- w/ Y! S/ u- M- i1 j/ G
133. Reluctant and slow compliance( [4 }2 @# D) K2 B5 Y2 \
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# O+ K/ I, E0 B, N/ S/ h% d! |
135. Popular nonobedience* @% t# S' i8 h. e3 H. Z4 |
136. Disguised disobedience, b- Z9 S" k2 J; J5 K* M; x
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse6 b/ C7 Z9 L$ {5 Z
138. Sitdown8 p& l3 E) C; L/ j2 [ [
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ O3 M4 I/ a/ o7 }% I* e# z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* k; \ g, b" t/ V% e 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" V( q% Z* S2 I% u
- W/ T) q/ @' z5 ^# bAction by Government Personnel2 V: C; R* M* c& H+ j$ c; U5 U! S
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) G: H$ S0 k8 S4 n* L6 S8 [3 r$ l
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ @- ~- B0 ]6 `/ ?% _$ C% O 144. Stalling and obstruction4 a# d5 y4 K9 S
145. General administrative noncooperation
/ p( w3 M; P$ n% ^* s+ H# Z$ [
+ N: ]9 A9 |- H& h: m 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ Y- N8 E4 u0 X9 k 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- n: q' o0 e& }9 ? r 148. Mutiny
! q m5 G0 e( v+ r+ |2 Z- `Domestic Governmental Action# f9 a: r: L* L: x+ C
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* C5 t& j1 L( l7 O" H
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# F: n- l) e) P! ~. v
* E6 U1 A3 d/ }1 J; y* {International Governmental Action/ y& x1 [( G8 N+ ?
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations2 W+ v, ?6 A8 f
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! \4 \5 O. o6 V! Q" U2 e! k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 {: k5 ~8 _ K# A4 b, l W 154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 V5 [ p4 U$ a" F% A5 G+ l4 ]
155. Withdrawal from international organizations9 N0 N& Q9 T2 V$ j, D8 V' s$ Q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 c# q \7 G d
157. Expulsion from international organizations {6 q4 i6 g2 _1 V0 n+ V
) S- \/ ]+ F4 [, S/ x
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2 M8 V- R6 }* P3 l
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! L7 w1 `& J7 V8 n
. [+ o8 U( }* E
' Y/ T! F- R. x% a6 Q% ^& w- z; F# xPsychological Intervention
7 ^. X% E! Z- [) p 158. Self-exposure to the elements: ^5 a# {+ L8 u, _8 [8 y q
159. The fast0 B- H8 f: n# t8 [1 K7 X! k
a) Fast of moral pressure7 W. \5 J" _* Q+ \6 C" R
b) Hunger strike
( p& O+ l3 I4 T. j7 }% O8 Q. Z c) Satyagrahic fast
6 T) a# [. T: ^. t" f e& } 160. Reverse trial
) Y4 e# N9 |3 ]; L 161. Nonviolent harassment
3 E7 Q: J: p- e. d9 p+ W2 E! Z* I0 F. J' h
Physical Intervention8 `) n7 ?! t0 Z+ t* X0 B- V; I/ E
162. Sit-in
* _) H" X& ^) N& |; N# `5 @ 163. Stand-in1 s- R$ J: _+ v
164. Ride-in
/ }6 }. e6 |% M7 C0 @5 Y3 ? 165. Wade-in/ N2 z, w6 h+ p# j. Y0 m$ f
166. Mill-in
7 N' X8 n/ a/ t" T' Z" e) ^ 167. Pray-in
; v7 h6 u5 V. N# _* _8 U 168. Nonviolent raids
7 C, t/ w' ^) P8 Q/ K/ B 169. Nonviolent air raids7 d) D7 g$ I+ G
170. Nonviolent invasion
/ K2 P. m& @4 U9 U2 f 171. Nonviolent interjection! r/ B x; \5 r
172. Nonviolent obstruction
* G9 s$ f/ X$ e4 H 173. Nonviolent occupation* _4 a9 G N9 Y+ b
' B7 x4 G5 ~7 l! \4 c$ |Social Intervention7 s, ?; u( o" G& g0 n9 p
174. Establishing new social patterns
( G: W: O6 C) i% X 175. Overloading of facilities' X0 `0 h/ N, Y. u
176. Stall-in/ _& I$ P+ b. l, c6 d8 M
177. Speak-in
2 ~# ~3 Z2 W0 x4 C E% c 178. Guerrilla theater R! W3 T- i( }$ g
179. Alternative social institutions
' k4 x; {% A, q' t6 P' u 180. Alternative communication system% L z+ A4 W* n
& ^% X& P/ ]$ d3 B' L( d U
Economic Intervention
! f# c2 ?: s( g( }) i 181. Reverse strike& h4 l3 y9 v; V/ Q/ X
182. Stay-in strike1 B9 K/ y5 ?& z$ J6 @
183. Nonviolent land seizure) Y. ^# ]2 w L& E) E
184. Defiance of blockades
, d- A& Z7 q/ v$ Z4 e4 G* V 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! X3 P( P& q( e9 P9 h 186. Preclusive purchasing
* C8 J9 w1 g& n, U) b3 u 187. Seizure of assets
# C; o0 m5 J; u5 k, O 188. Dumping1 e0 h1 R5 h; A( _
189. Selective patronage: [$ V/ ^" S: P4 ^6 _$ e( Y
190. Alternative markets, `4 ]9 O7 ~; z" c
191. Alternative transportation systems& P1 F4 c, _' s3 x! g r/ A
192. Alternative economic institutions) L5 i4 B8 [3 m2 K9 e. j9 e$ K# @' i. V
2 U* D& I9 v1 Y# p% V3 e- ~; w
Political Intervention
! d- |. F, k T% C% I) |$ \5 g 193. Overloading of administrative systems0 p, I% l( z( r. B3 Q
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
. C6 _0 s \6 ^( I& j- ^/ I, d 195. Seeking imprisonment4 b! \" w6 a( R! B
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws( W) ?( M/ }4 a4 Q# _4 J+ t
197. Work-on without collaboration9 D1 g$ k" @1 C" t- G
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 t/ \: |- [$ h4 {
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
