 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) T# O6 q, F) f3 TFormal Statements
/ u6 z: m! t( u6 v0 O 1. Public Speeches& U8 ~2 K+ B7 o8 m5 F1 ~3 G
2. Letters of opposition or support- r# _3 d! i6 \6 l/ \) M
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* M' F3 |- B# H+ b5 M3 p2 ^ 4. Signed public statements
8 Q" M% w2 @+ T) T! M: z/ Y& a 5. Declarations of indictment and intention( a" C @! A# n6 k
6. Group or mass petitions: E N* ?1 ^3 j+ i
( E8 }4 k1 d+ rCommunications with a Wider Audience* a7 L. P$ I. f6 p* @
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* q2 K0 M: D8 Q" a5 d4 _; D N, ~ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! m3 H: |7 f, N; v- S 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( E9 |0 q; }5 D( X7 A% Z4 U$ }. f
10. Newspapers and journals
6 C; i e: C% g ]4 K( K 11. Records, radio, and television
. l4 K+ Y, G1 @6 s9 x% F5 b 12. Skywriting and earthwriting1 Y" O; w- o. Q5 i
% A+ g/ g( c8 L3 c; m" ~3 x) YGroup Representations
6 ^8 e, P8 M* a' r5 b: j$ K4 F 13. Deputations+ o5 F7 I9 l/ A9 K9 x3 l
14. Mock awards3 F/ u6 R; ?3 X0 G) m& i' _
15. Group lobbying
& T2 F$ _7 n8 C X& |0 q9 _ 16. Picketing2 \" z( S+ x5 v- o' D+ T3 }4 j
17. Mock elections7 y5 T2 V$ z* b" J
- `9 n2 l5 \3 i( g0 zSymbolic Public Acts6 V% E' U" B; Q# v% }% y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. S& C: _5 q9 o0 R# D, \) \6 o
19. Wearing of symbols
# w2 q. [6 j( v& f6 z: \ 20. Prayer and worship# p7 p% K+ \- T7 q/ P$ Q) P
21. Delivering symbolic objects
# t% I- E- h5 V 22. Protest disrobings) v/ m m4 l- b! r
23. Destruction of own property( _0 E" J W2 l4 V+ _' s3 \8 Y: s. d
24. Symbolic lights& W5 b$ I9 p+ I ~
25. Displays of portraits
. q3 T- B# N. b6 d 26. Paint as protest4 [$ }5 p+ {: E
27. New signs and names: G0 y7 Z5 t* I) v' h2 |
28. Symbolic sounds
. c, t% B! X7 J- a* d5 ~$ ` 29. Symbolic reclamations
. }+ U, J3 A. j, m 30. Rude gestures; i0 |. s" t$ f
& U A6 H% U/ [) Q: WPressures on Individuals# y+ z0 }0 H: R2 k
31. “Haunting” officials
) l; N1 K: ?9 V# j1 X 32. Taunting officials
. Q3 ?8 I/ U% o. F 33. Fraternization+ G6 k Y1 ?- V: t
34. Vigils
! X4 R, @# D- A3 S- L% W8 e# e& U% d$ ?' G" {0 q# v$ I+ c" B
Drama and Music
# v4 a! o% g' X, |3 S3 J& d6 O 35. Humorous skits and pranks) H2 n7 i( ~' N2 P
36. Performances of plays and music+ a' j3 I6 D( e
37. Singing
1 {7 I0 ^& v' ], S9 R" f, R5 y" ?
Processions& d5 I9 E5 a- Z% F1 g! Q F
38. Marches
- Z: _, H$ h3 v7 ~2 V! G 39. Parades
: i9 c5 w+ H( B 40. Religious processions
" d Z* b/ p' {# M; x 41. Pilgrimages. J9 x6 e+ i. _3 w/ u2 U
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead
7 Z- |9 Q9 X) d* u& e6 |( j 43. Political mourning
( J; v. L0 \+ N4 I% n: B$ T& Q 44. Mock funerals
+ J3 k) I% X/ m; C% M! N& P 45. Demonstrative funerals
0 l! D- h" o. V) j) V2 }* H 46. Homage at burial places4 a& c7 @! f U6 b1 C
0 I; |+ S; V+ w) R5 f- {Public Assemblies
; |2 t0 W) G( S% k) U 47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 l+ H) {% Q3 G& E* a- A 48. Protest meetings% ]$ _. N" f( @ z4 T
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 w |( |& J5 w M# P
50. Teach-ins
3 J7 h6 T% s% ?) a2 g5 U$ |+ W9 x4 n- |2 S. {. g0 d
Withdrawal and Renunciation! \+ ~, F* k: R. |1 v/ Y% N$ C
51. Walk-outs
& |% u5 m; z# k 52. Silence/ x4 x. ^; Q- O* K' q
53. Renouncing honors2 l' H" h/ d+ y) E& O$ L
54. Turning one’s back
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0 b1 V- |' [' R% ]6 O5 |* j8 R5 VTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ t1 U0 W- i2 ^, c0 M
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/ M! w* w9 ]! u3 `! N8 m! sOstracism of Persons: R! w& _" W0 c6 W' q
55. Social boycott. e! _3 X" {6 G+ d6 t6 v2 g+ e
56. Selective social boycott
) \% j+ D2 b, Y5 ]- O' `1 o o6 j 57. Lysistratic nonaction+ @# Z& _: s7 M2 l
58. Excommunication2 ^- R# x) |/ l! j6 s2 K
59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ c4 ?2 H) m- m1 O9 K+ u: K" F 60. Suspension of social and sports activities% q; t3 a* t) J6 l; @
61. Boycott of social affairs( G+ @2 x2 n$ I% Z+ B x1 ?
62. Student strike
9 X! P. u U0 h! m 63. Social disobedience& u% P$ t7 G. U- V( {& ?( K- @
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ z2 K! o- d) f. S) Q% R g B, M. u8 s6 K
Withdrawal from the Social System, J% x- e8 X" h7 Z n
65. Stay-at-home
2 a4 H4 W$ ^* x# h3 b. k 66. Total personal noncooperation. {: U. f" [" V- ]% ]" A4 G& r( a
67. “Flight” of workers- \' a) A, K! Z C
68. Sanctuary
# @. w I, C! x' c" f6 l, q 69. Collective disappearance
1 i/ [ h! ?5 C: ]3 X. h9 o4 ^ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 E [4 T! J! ]- M( Z& N( W
2 H3 T8 W' v. H" `$ a
3 i' A4 M5 M5 I, x7 F/ F) P
0 i! |7 v+ p+ V: M [ iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 e, B8 U! J6 a+ A1 A7 t7 }; D
+ ~1 `5 x* c. x4 ?1 G 3 I+ R+ W3 h, P! ` T
Actions by Consumers
- K3 ~( K* ` v* c$ k# P2 T 71. Consumers’ boycott. }3 _+ G2 U# M# F |
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- ^/ m5 m }* h1 }9 M9 N4 V' {) L/ @ 73. Policy of austerity
" I$ m7 [4 p* @. q" v 74. Rent withholding
$ ^6 F3 y! l0 J+ Y; u* r' J# ? 75. Refusal to rent) u- s5 @& v4 w G) p
76. National consumers’ boycott* [- U+ a1 `4 ^0 z9 N1 x3 v! |
77. International consumers’ boycott {* R% D; p6 N% C
5 N! g+ n0 L2 T9 @8 J% P2 vAction by Workers and Producers
2 k V# g6 Z+ f( G 78. Workmen’s boycott( Z3 H9 p- y, g; O. u( D3 Z* C
79. Producers’ boycott
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; h( V6 E4 ~, `8 c2 @5 [# X N, G# eAction by Middlemen
7 O3 H' y0 ?3 N0 P( n! z# c 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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- s+ y/ z9 u6 A; } pAction by Owners and Management
7 y) q" c! L, H8 U; R! u 81. Traders’ boycott3 t- k ~# ]" |. d
82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 B6 h+ t0 z/ o E% V$ E 83. Lockout
5 q# z7 p. ]) k/ D' q3 C( y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance! H+ ^2 W7 J2 g5 j# ` w& V
85. Merchants’ “general strike”' j5 A7 e8 f+ F0 e; Y3 q
9 f6 l! G3 ]) JAction by Holders of Financial Resources
8 L4 b3 z8 w C8 t 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits A5 C2 z6 G, F& L. r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ {+ Q9 o( O; Z' m# i w
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 A2 v! p8 b% z2 i- n 89. Severance of funds and credit9 Z0 ~/ l' c" [7 s
90. Revenue refusal, ^" k) B {! s+ K' T6 u
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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. z6 F7 j( ^$ K; [+ ~- F/ fAction by Governments
. h Z3 D& r/ ]; D. E# u% I 92. Domestic embargo
" j3 V0 Q9 _) m* t0 b$ p! d7 D 93. Blacklisting of traders5 {3 \" X8 Z% l
94. International sellers’ embargo
4 E; V i" I6 m- k$ H" ]; g3 x: m 95. International buyers’ embargo
* I0 A7 ^' ?, o# i% y 96. International trade embargo1 m1 Z; ] j. O) Z
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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9 q6 }+ H+ |8 W4 k9 U" Q$ ? `7 iSymbolic Strikes8 R- X3 g @8 Y" X
97. Protest strike1 d7 }' {( ]" ]0 z- E
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, a5 r7 y& d T, d5 }9 r& H" d4 T7 E+ V: J
Agricultural Strikes7 L7 ^! A5 x, @; }1 g" j
99. Peasant strike
) V& G$ [6 I. _. K9 P% I 100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 z3 L/ R2 Z6 ~1 C( u
0 z. F' ?3 z V3 KStrikes by Special Groups
5 ~/ l4 f) h2 b' I7 v 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 F- V9 C# J$ e+ G4 g3 } 102. Prisoners’ strike* W, |8 F& K* W
103. Craft strike
C' D$ d0 j2 H% X. e/ S 104. Professional strike
& W9 N2 u6 G* I7 q' p1 f) @0 m9 v3 Y) p' w3 G9 {
Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 T0 `$ C4 v% N7 d
105. Establishment strike$ F% y' Y$ t7 W1 l: M7 U% q
106. Industry strike: Q; t. t# }8 V
107. Sympathetic strike$ |# B. B& K A6 N: O, |
, {% G- R7 U1 b& T* a6 n0 Z$ O0 e
Restricted Strikes4 i7 [4 H5 r b) }7 c
108. Detailed strike
( n- J% `" y. T8 H& }# C7 T% i, ~ 109. Bumper strike A' C( `8 _% x2 G9 Z
110. Slowdown strike, \& G% U& y' C0 r+ L
111. Working-to-rule strike4 e) ~ W; n2 q6 x9 v+ b# U
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% ?( f, M" R) w, ?, Q# b- S8 V
113. Strike by resignation
7 y2 o; Q& B: I% }* p7 o 114. Limited strike
/ ^/ k2 W$ Q+ R: p6 k9 A 115. Selective strike
3 @/ O- Z/ p* A2 m; ^: o `) q2 D( [8 O& H* o1 n
Multi-Industry Strikes
4 _5 Y. s6 x( O Z% y2 Q/ u) a+ T! }% z' A4 z$ C1 x: ~: Q% @
116. Generalized strike0 A. q8 l9 w3 G8 W* K$ |
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117. General strike
9 W/ f2 ?4 ?$ @4 V5 k* B
/ C/ T1 R* w7 v$ C+ ~2 @Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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. d0 Z4 N" c" Y$ e6 X ]9 L 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown& t6 x8 P$ {3 c" t/ r
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$ ~4 t, J1 j6 [- \) yTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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8 p) d7 J) ~0 A( ZRejection of Authority
- K- L( {- i) D8 r) X( W4 x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; m$ @5 N# E$ @ m) ]
121. Refusal of public support' `( H; A7 h" S
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
~$ s0 X8 `+ D" h# y
4 |) u# z; ]! k# H3 tCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. {$ a. }; z# k0 J" d: O 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' W" S3 ]& m9 C* Y 124. Boycott of elections
) W- {1 C3 s6 s, L$ |: y 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
9 C; t. A4 Z& y7 x+ {/ v- |+ v. p 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies ?' D1 l# f: W6 t1 C
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 o7 A1 c1 D; | 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; K& l; v4 A4 v
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) [! V" [7 O* y2 r
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 M, Z2 H# [9 o. h
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 e% |0 Y$ k6 h9 D
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: ~& W' d: M3 `2 _ {8 C8 e
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ F" A% i+ h( }0 M8 i4 F9 ^$ [
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& A% A; Z1 ] a+ n- @ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# d9 W' X( W6 c
135. Popular nonobedience
$ g3 J* j6 q3 O1 R4 g; S8 H$ E4 ` 136. Disguised disobedience
0 G0 i7 G6 i/ |# R& \, K 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse6 E# H/ m! M' _6 K% U7 y
138. Sitdown1 H+ c8 c5 m3 w4 \4 b
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 |" a! H. b/ @, U/ z! q' b 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' _+ {% C; e- @4 L8 M2 @ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ g- S" y; ]# M; u6 b
# u7 C1 h: H" p3 Q
Action by Government Personnel3 [( B6 P, }+ ?. |. K u- W8 h( z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' O7 J2 `) E. j# X/ r) `% H
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ {3 H5 k) Z, C7 I 144. Stalling and obstruction2 b2 K- H) H% o& x
145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation
# @- I0 I' w5 A 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. K! b% w+ z G. |7 _ 148. Mutiny e# ?2 B6 D" R: r
Domestic Governmental Action2 c- y- M$ h% l( W$ `( W' b
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 X2 W' l5 _' E9 \# q- g: L0 z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# B3 |0 M5 i. ~1 I/ k1 b( p" M+ G" ^" q( t) ]1 v2 w2 H9 I
International Governmental Action7 A8 D$ c) [$ \# S& |
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) k/ x: M9 M& i# { 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- a, n$ L6 y. i
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition# D5 j$ o; l; L. C& |2 l
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
2 o2 T3 C- w w1 l0 H. c: [ P 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
1 U4 @$ \ b0 f" }( y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies J- l% f, {/ p. L- A
157. Expulsion from international organizations
% @4 ~1 S& L6 Z) `, O8 q: T+ R p; M& Y5 Z* p6 X1 Y4 E s
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[/ n' A1 W3 VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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; O- _% [/ r' O( |& EPsychological Intervention1 x, z: k- @- K7 H/ j
158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 I: c! e5 D) h1 i, x 159. The fast3 d0 ^5 f8 N) J( Z* c) c5 q
a) Fast of moral pressure
4 z$ B* a7 b* v9 |7 ` b) Hunger strike
& [' z3 y8 @/ N% L c) Satyagrahic fast
# x/ K: `4 b3 ^ 160. Reverse trial
, E) O- q3 B4 ~# A 161. Nonviolent harassment
- ^6 T k* Z" }% {1 @% G2 H" F3 D+ J! U/ T& |
Physical Intervention
3 E0 [* X( x# _ Z 162. Sit-in
/ p1 x8 U1 H' Z3 `5 B* M 163. Stand-in
, t) b1 I+ O1 Y5 y 164. Ride-in1 v3 |# D3 [0 A8 m8 b" p
165. Wade-in
& Q, ~/ ?1 s& t 166. Mill-in: i+ j) N0 B! s! y+ O$ C9 D/ {
167. Pray-in# m* g$ C: t9 o. ~# r4 N: @
168. Nonviolent raids' l' r$ @! Q9 X8 {, L
169. Nonviolent air raids
m- _' j, r7 E/ }/ i: u 170. Nonviolent invasion
5 i0 i. t+ Q: ?) ]. `+ H6 t 171. Nonviolent interjection
& J. [2 `( H0 s 172. Nonviolent obstruction
& v! a: P# R: K9 O; H& x 173. Nonviolent occupation7 }+ B" y! F+ Q, C
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Social Intervention
5 i: }6 N& ~) F. I8 } 174. Establishing new social patterns) c# B* W- L0 j' J* o% x3 }
175. Overloading of facilities" R3 g* b( ]8 k
176. Stall-in! i8 ~) m0 N& I$ h
177. Speak-in, Q! L' O! F5 r1 j0 {* [. {
178. Guerrilla theater
, C0 H! z) Z5 ]; Y$ r V 179. Alternative social institutions- B r6 c- s$ v: ^! S/ d
180. Alternative communication system7 ?- _/ W4 y9 D. j2 e& t
+ b: i) ^, T W0 C, G$ eEconomic Intervention
8 Z! g4 u% S. J0 t& ~0 Z. r1 f 181. Reverse strike
7 q O* c7 z" y; U( o 182. Stay-in strike7 l& d( V/ M: e% K% k( P7 P
183. Nonviolent land seizure
# k# U2 A* ^; m 184. Defiance of blockades
( d7 e! n( y9 P3 h6 [* i/ @ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting4 d( r, @- l8 k, R! g& s j. l* P
186. Preclusive purchasing
9 T( b* H3 b, E, O/ x 187. Seizure of assets
/ b4 D8 j6 s4 O g" |9 r/ r; g 188. Dumping
/ k* v1 Y5 ~0 B& ^ 189. Selective patronage1 y6 ^( [8 i" X; j( l7 g1 B
190. Alternative markets
4 Y0 h9 o4 T2 n4 ~ 191. Alternative transportation systems
, R U4 K$ D( U6 d 192. Alternative economic institutions3 U) Q5 R8 [% W8 D
' m3 g$ |- T! o
Political Intervention
5 y& ?. y$ x! U 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) i* F: C( ^- J- O 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents k; ^% B8 t0 y: l
195. Seeking imprisonment
) i5 s4 @* [# [6 g/ x 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' O! M4 g* h' T" E5 m, f# _0 D
197. Work-on without collaboration
! o0 p$ H/ C3 B( S( y: O 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
