 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! @) X- x. ]' l4 i, q# L
Formal Statements
- V7 `. J9 ~6 p, Q! f& x$ I8 Q 1. Public Speeches* [& y$ a5 ?8 o4 r# J
2. Letters of opposition or support: d% R1 m' e2 }% S, e" s" ]9 ^
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ G+ Y; X! l! f3 k! N9 b
4. Signed public statements
7 h. ~9 T4 {3 I1 a+ ] 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 K5 K) X, @7 c! \* I 6. Group or mass petitions6 u R u$ T' Y3 F1 x; b& v* X
9 P/ O6 @5 k; LCommunications with a Wider Audience
; `7 m2 X$ E( }: U 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% T1 ]& l1 M! _1 y$ Y# y/ J
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications Q2 v5 n* k$ Z: g+ q; h& J
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% U- K# D9 `" g0 U 10. Newspapers and journals* t2 u, x& x1 \1 `" l( c2 v P7 W
11. Records, radio, and television
3 C% D. A. ^$ ? 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ o! D' O9 R+ R# p7 ^! Q6 P- G+ D3 ]1 d7 W, W0 \6 y
Group Representations+ ^& f' N9 A1 L5 I7 d
13. Deputations
: D- k! H2 }+ M4 j) p& U0 B 14. Mock awards$ i% m; F* f$ c8 h$ j; x$ I1 m4 \
15. Group lobbying1 `7 s2 `! C$ f
16. Picketing4 m9 v; s3 E1 G/ ]
17. Mock elections
% {: j5 C& ]- L3 V1 _
Y% r4 S+ s# s8 hSymbolic Public Acts! v0 V3 F4 B* M" C, s5 B' ~" g/ Z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* j _0 @. t# f' D 19. Wearing of symbols
3 t4 d, W- h8 L- F3 M% M 20. Prayer and worship& w+ j! g Y# h* [( c# J: ]
21. Delivering symbolic objects( M# }% ?3 N3 [; H
22. Protest disrobings
6 O+ v+ u8 b4 N2 ^+ a! q 23. Destruction of own property
Y% S( m3 T$ ] 24. Symbolic lights
/ h# t |9 v7 g: p! \' W" |4 s2 Z 25. Displays of portraits
3 y+ w: i" V2 q8 \) r4 i( ^# h, l 26. Paint as protest$ C6 F" i0 H$ K0 d* F
27. New signs and names
' M6 w) U% U/ M! s$ w W6 G4 t 28. Symbolic sounds
' _$ c, Y* L4 }9 m9 a/ m 29. Symbolic reclamations7 m$ X+ r$ n6 m% @* Q* |
30. Rude gestures$ P) N% t/ O" f6 {2 _
+ h. K; i M* tPressures on Individuals
1 Z$ f0 h& z$ l' {, c 31. “Haunting” officials4 u3 |; B0 A6 N+ c+ v
32. Taunting officials8 }( [/ T* o- a' z) A- d/ o8 E5 G/ V
33. Fraternization0 o+ T4 n w+ V8 M; {* |
34. Vigils3 O+ P/ [% m6 ]+ O% l8 v1 L
8 ?) r, o( \. W7 j! d7 `Drama and Music; e! g. ]2 D4 d4 a1 ~' e- U4 g
35. Humorous skits and pranks& D4 w# z5 @# ]# H
36. Performances of plays and music- Q) p' y/ {. l4 q- A- b$ Q
37. Singing& M4 {- A6 V& j, u8 P! ?
0 c7 T+ p& g. x3 o/ f! _. n1 o7 v u
Processions
5 q5 `- M/ }4 E 38. Marches) M _/ n i T3 ~* @
39. Parades
! I( e4 `5 a* c }! m0 G' |, C 40. Religious processions* v. j4 G' W4 L ?# r2 Z
41. Pilgrimages
; h! Z) t+ r( J 42. Motorcades0 p) k- a* Q! q: H9 ]* P$ d
6 G, D$ W" j+ p, K( X5 zHonoring the Dead
( P: K& c7 i6 k8 A 43. Political mourning
# K7 O7 s5 b `" V% x( r9 a2 X 44. Mock funerals
1 A! H& j9 L8 A' q2 R 45. Demonstrative funerals
6 _: H( X3 V6 z9 n2 f 46. Homage at burial places
1 k. }5 f S0 m- e+ Q( |6 u6 ]1 o" v) j& ?9 j- j" V1 V- `
Public Assemblies* }5 @- ?8 y* K1 E2 v% U* Q
47. Assemblies of protest or support0 T8 v& P, N3 ]2 T L0 m% j* ^
48. Protest meetings' c1 r T+ B* ~5 v
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 ^3 k# J# I! ~6 X: Y5 f" @2 Q( ~ 50. Teach-ins
9 S+ m7 |" h$ o+ r) o7 O) G9 D: D4 Y1 I
Withdrawal and Renunciation
/ n! t. g/ V7 X! b3 Z 51. Walk-outs
" p" t3 B y& y1 S" N/ O' Q* ]3 y 52. Silence
* k2 F4 i% ?5 b2 U( a$ \ 53. Renouncing honors* n6 ]/ ]( I3 F9 [! f
54. Turning one’s back( _. v; k8 S( w( N
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 c: l% `9 a7 {- [! u6 j8 O E6 A0 W' M& i# |# o
Ostracism of Persons
m$ q( s4 ~- y 55. Social boycott
4 C2 c* o" j6 }- F7 x 56. Selective social boycott
9 a# L! u: }2 B5 u* H 57. Lysistratic nonaction2 K) H* s# E8 i6 y. ~8 v W8 d1 d3 j
58. Excommunication+ u# a, o; C# D$ @& @4 ~! f- v5 m* A
59. Interdict
9 C5 E$ r. X7 \( _! c1 g
1 M- c8 T& [: a& _/ N9 @Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 t. |. Z9 D( _; P/ C/ v
60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ Z l, m+ ~5 r, ~1 j' }
61. Boycott of social affairs0 F/ u+ @1 Z0 r, I
62. Student strike9 r& U [" H+ h# j [9 F' Q
63. Social disobedience
* `6 @+ v' ^' w8 K+ V9 e 64. Withdrawal from social institutions. g1 z/ s1 U$ H5 e `9 |2 o
# _2 c) c; U. [* i
Withdrawal from the Social System& j }* {7 @% e/ C
65. Stay-at-home/ S5 {9 I: C: ?4 `
66. Total personal noncooperation1 b: g6 p/ ` m2 E
67. “Flight” of workers' f" ~( ?0 |1 d2 v
68. Sanctuary1 Y( A: A! E' r0 W3 K7 ?
69. Collective disappearance
" c: V0 ~9 l; ~7 q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ w8 h5 |: R8 b
3 g6 t" _* Y$ \+ S
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* F- p( |7 v' L% s$ uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 v! v# k. F: g4 i
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1 ^1 `6 C$ N* c+ }/ {( QActions by Consumers
k' @8 \0 V6 \; @ X, @ 71. Consumers’ boycott
: k' C/ `) B4 @+ Y1 V 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) S* {) v# n* l# J: _/ V' ~ 73. Policy of austerity& Z. W; Q& s' w- n2 K: H$ p. l
74. Rent withholding4 q3 n- N' U- D; M% Q+ E: K
75. Refusal to rent
* ?0 F7 O4 @1 _) ~# _ 76. National consumers’ boycott7 R! w6 k T5 z" E4 x
77. International consumers’ boycott
2 {/ D7 z. v& [5 u2 p( V2 `
z- ~5 `1 z" nAction by Workers and Producers1 c% W2 _8 P3 a. C0 i
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ w* G3 V9 G4 B 79. Producers’ boycott, Q% I, D# x$ M |4 }. R, n0 k3 `$ H0 l
* b* u1 U+ F: ?4 A! C; J E( pAction by Middlemen
$ o9 l/ u4 A5 F+ S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
! z4 X+ `. ]. m
& s$ Y" _1 i) V, m3 PAction by Owners and Management
/ q( Q6 f. a( l. a5 d; B 81. Traders’ boycott5 ^$ K; u6 r8 Z& Y
82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ A4 N& y: J# O 83. Lockout% m7 f) p5 B. u _: l, H; |0 a
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( q1 P0 H) ^: e6 J; D [ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 R" f4 n5 J3 E0 G! A
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( [0 U, l% d1 R2 {, h 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" D9 x$ A/ A6 W9 H! @8 }) W
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 {& L5 n7 v: j* x# N c" M
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& b" C# x% C9 L. u7 ]0 Z
89. Severance of funds and credit
# p6 {/ X" Z. r3 I 90. Revenue refusal8 o' B; n- i" O+ m! ~9 R
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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% P! r0 Q$ S Z. _3 NAction by Governments* u0 a, e+ x9 o. U
92. Domestic embargo
* c3 O9 l3 V, x+ F8 i0 ~ 93. Blacklisting of traders
8 z, z3 E ~' \6 p; x" K 94. International sellers’ embargo: `5 q7 {, P' L. d2 I2 y- }
95. International buyers’ embargo" j8 I# F/ O* \# u
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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6 L( U! Z' Z* Z- F+ F. pSymbolic Strikes
8 J6 {( L; R4 Y" _7 M 97. Protest strike7 ~5 T- e# Y/ P1 d% z1 F
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 u& f& ?& }* M
7 F# s5 o# a7 R" p4 ^$ NAgricultural Strikes) }1 }/ O, i8 b: Z$ W
99. Peasant strike
7 M% y9 ~8 b$ B6 }- T# } 100. Farm Workers’ strike: [; @/ k8 C- `! H, T
9 P$ W* ?0 S O6 q+ e: Z& v% IStrikes by Special Groups
$ i7 t2 j$ g0 L% e! f4 j 101. Refusal of impressed labor
- k% O5 G7 ~( C w2 w: D 102. Prisoners’ strike
/ u* C7 W4 n | 103. Craft strike
9 Y# m( t, o+ Q 104. Professional strike
! W) H) F) `2 z N3 ?' n6 H' R/ e0 q
Ordinary Industrial Strikes" e6 F/ y( s5 C$ x2 C
105. Establishment strike9 R& \, H) N5 F Z3 a: t0 K
106. Industry strike5 b/ M% F$ F7 {2 V, h* ~2 _
107. Sympathetic strike
9 ?; s7 _; o3 g3 U- ^
1 |8 j1 [5 K k; eRestricted Strikes3 u, c. v0 g5 w2 Z1 s
108. Detailed strike
% s: V1 ~+ k/ H7 P& C6 j4 a" D# n 109. Bumper strike
, X1 p- U9 }) n" f2 x5 @" Z7 ~ _ 110. Slowdown strike4 h% x5 m& Z0 `5 h" y) u
111. Working-to-rule strike0 b! e4 g7 d0 [
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
( a+ j1 r9 b% o: Z 113. Strike by resignation
: r v4 ^" g6 ~8 M' z8 u/ s 114. Limited strike+ u. {# \- H. H2 z) ^& Z( [: c
115. Selective strike
6 L8 \8 G. u- y
) ?9 r2 Z, O! `* i4 c7 K9 jMulti-Industry Strikes
9 P+ h+ @) `" F1 B* {* `6 x; }9 B. P- N1 k6 N) F7 l
116. Generalized strike
$ N7 J$ ?3 f( l8 d9 ]8 u3 J" a# X" R
117. General strike
9 T# d0 h, X! E/ K+ ]7 p/ I: I* S, A+ n! p
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 L3 z& a6 O8 M0 q) J; F! M
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118. Hartal2 g: y" \7 a$ s2 S0 _7 q8 @1 L! `( q
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority1 C: L3 H- M: C/ H1 ]5 m
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' _* e: E" ~- B' V# l 121. Refusal of public support$ L2 }% S4 i& p0 ]3 D9 Q$ C
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
& h% `) U! a/ X, |2 k/ Q4 {, @* [ N9 ]: i2 p$ l8 a) _* {5 ~1 P* Z5 M
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: u. U* U3 M9 u 123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 e N4 F. m( U2 Q- G7 B( Y
124. Boycott of elections8 j) n0 C6 S7 z% e
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ j w( |/ ?, h+ b t' L- E 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. t; e6 n, j* D1 G0 e1 ? 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions; m# o$ {' E. \; s9 v
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 ]3 Y; F2 Z7 T2 \/ K8 ? 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 k% g) E; L6 Y; T) @& m 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; L: {( x U4 A& p5 v* C
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ D! |$ [, P) W; e( p Z! i" X 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 r5 r# I( p1 z; D0 h" N0 X9 ]
, A* m. I5 ?) @0 NCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ L4 E0 X& Z9 c. z8 u 133. Reluctant and slow compliance- J; U8 L3 M Q
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ D# C% I( P- X
135. Popular nonobedience
1 d u2 q Z+ a. U& ` 136. Disguised disobedience$ c, }0 k$ ~ Y5 Z+ c1 m! V$ Z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& m2 [- q: d. _( d$ q# V" e* l 138. Sitdown
+ B X% o1 U: e* a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- {+ Z+ e7 E% H2 |- A! F
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
U! U- m. j n" P7 i# A 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ S: ?4 [- [9 F' a, W
5 m' C# I8 {3 |# y7 d9 XAction by Government Personnel
* S/ [; T* i, a% o 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 f# Y4 b6 G0 \% h3 E# W 143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 i+ a0 U5 i( p P0 \7 X3 N
144. Stalling and obstruction
# a+ o+ g; R/ Z" J2 d$ s4 L& J9 e( y 145. General administrative noncooperation
( E7 w# }0 j9 L) ^ a: `+ |" a/ M! t! b7 u- I9 X
146. Judicial noncooperation; Y$ j" [& P, T
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
8 s& d2 ^+ E/ {8 T 148. Mutiny7 N w* D/ y2 B" u
Domestic Governmental Action
/ F. ]9 A2 [* Y; v3 P8 a( v 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ t5 B0 j& }- Z( W* R& k/ d8 g
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
8 O1 x4 R5 u0 [/ Z b$ ^! p+ c3 d# ]! s X6 c
International Governmental Action
7 o! X% ~/ t. n! C" w0 F w7 n 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 p4 S6 k/ Q' O3 k/ ^3 I0 X6 e
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
H) K& k: U, P6 `9 s/ k6 b. W 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ n7 \2 E& C2 e- w 154. Severance of diplomatic relations" C0 I3 X7 ?8 g: Y" f
155. Withdrawal from international organizations# u+ r0 H; H D' X
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) [$ {# ^/ v! z4 i' B7 t1 {7 K
157. Expulsion from international organizations- b& m8 A: P$ l5 D8 z
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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9 V+ |% R. ~ `Psychological Intervention$ Y( u, m/ G0 ~" h7 ?. }9 n3 F% Z
158. Self-exposure to the elements, m/ D5 w% l, i1 |: i, x
159. The fast
- G3 D2 J4 F0 j" V; G a) Fast of moral pressure
5 o Z% m" M1 R( J b) Hunger strike% g4 @* _( k. K- R) q: I, J
c) Satyagrahic fast
) B1 K3 L* F" N/ L 160. Reverse trial0 D% L" M2 P9 `+ |1 ^& i; f& |
161. Nonviolent harassment- `" E$ h, t, _' k9 A$ G
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Physical Intervention
W% K' b9 {/ r. k5 P, u 162. Sit-in
3 `. x' i7 H1 s! {( s% v. F 163. Stand-in
/ {8 `. L0 Y2 _; ^3 R% {: P 164. Ride-in6 I% ^6 d. Y0 c1 f. V: I
165. Wade-in
7 t$ ?* q; L- V: y& @# O5 A% X, n% P* C 166. Mill-in
" q7 e$ d% Y5 e! M. Y/ b 167. Pray-in. a$ |5 c7 r/ v% x8 P3 Y+ D
168. Nonviolent raids2 b" d6 w: i3 j: s( |
169. Nonviolent air raids
! ?. I" Q: P: n. q$ \$ N' ~ 170. Nonviolent invasion1 d4 c8 r5 S- q: D7 w( d- ^
171. Nonviolent interjection, G1 b d7 q# |6 Z4 T% E7 n
172. Nonviolent obstruction; @5 [5 [ i; i% Y. O ?
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention. T) Y/ I* @1 b# B9 P# k
174. Establishing new social patterns7 m2 q+ u. s% a. Y
175. Overloading of facilities8 w" Y# i6 ]9 o/ { d7 H
176. Stall-in
: O3 Y9 m3 R" [5 n3 [& y/ r0 b 177. Speak-in
. m0 M3 `& C7 v5 r& u- P" `. t9 I 178. Guerrilla theater! Y2 {9 t0 s2 k# V
179. Alternative social institutions/ N9 U9 n6 X( [& Z; j
180. Alternative communication system
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8 s) v) B2 Z+ J3 W7 U3 D1 l) dEconomic Intervention
' n" X) c2 o/ y9 f, b! ?0 A' C 181. Reverse strike
' [0 {+ _# W0 L5 ^ 182. Stay-in strike- w( H) V- [3 `; r8 k
183. Nonviolent land seizure
- k; {5 y* e4 L+ ~2 d" _. x 184. Defiance of blockades
3 F$ |- S* i% Q U9 C% K 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 F2 y# T. T' E% |: J 186. Preclusive purchasing
8 d$ Z/ W4 @: q 187. Seizure of assets0 w9 ?* s, s% v- ~% n9 m3 J
188. Dumping
0 S$ \/ L. x; M+ \, D* S7 @ 189. Selective patronage
' P$ W" k/ _. B$ [9 y: V 190. Alternative markets% k* `" {: p" Z, u5 Z; j
191. Alternative transportation systems+ f% h. ^. s, [, \$ V: o$ i
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention
" ]1 C$ ?. u% C% ^ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% U( E( i7 F0 r% x0 n8 V 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
% B0 Y. Z. O6 s& I: U 195. Seeking imprisonment
2 B# B) X3 e8 l0 i) h& h 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 m! H* j! y9 h$ D# P- W" O 197. Work-on without collaboration
4 E7 c0 [# S: E) f$ Y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
