 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. a9 G5 ^; l$ DFormal Statements" v/ R% ]3 j4 m% Z. ~0 @
1. Public Speeches
- ^% K2 x. x1 T; j 2. Letters of opposition or support
6 s0 ]" D6 T) l* D( y @2 i 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
( D* o. T5 `8 _; O" s" R9 s$ e 4. Signed public statements+ H/ C0 W$ ^: }
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 j8 J) K. }6 E: { 6. Group or mass petitions
/ f8 U* ^2 W) _5 H7 F. Q8 s5 H; q, }: B$ f. w- T: n
Communications with a Wider Audience
% {1 A' n+ f* y7 ]" [0 A 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 l$ k% N4 A9 {: A 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* P8 R* B2 X! N0 w7 d 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 y2 m; J+ v7 a* T- u 10. Newspapers and journals
0 |7 C) r& m( ~$ x 11. Records, radio, and television" { l4 a2 o5 k6 K, ?1 p( C, v
12. Skywriting and earthwriting( V3 w! U# q/ _. }- N& U& G
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Group Representations3 `9 q$ e) E# r4 Q
13. Deputations( K/ @1 G/ c7 `& X2 P
14. Mock awards
0 j. }0 y8 X, Y: ] 15. Group lobbying
. b6 Z" G$ L* n( \, u, a 16. Picketing0 j2 j |, U2 L0 |* l
17. Mock elections3 g: f( j, b5 K3 r3 S! z
1 K, m+ N* ~' [$ n
Symbolic Public Acts4 W- w' \ U; c$ K. Z( E9 A7 `
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 {2 f& E7 a* f$ i, t 19. Wearing of symbols3 d5 j7 O+ Z* G( \4 g* c4 W
20. Prayer and worship) q, i5 p8 W: e* x
21. Delivering symbolic objects7 U3 j/ P1 ]% n0 F! G! {
22. Protest disrobings
3 g, v3 Y( s% s% F 23. Destruction of own property
! q6 t4 [# y7 G5 X) n/ [3 t 24. Symbolic lights
, [7 [! E2 J1 n _! H9 [+ c 25. Displays of portraits
: y `" @7 ?3 x& |6 c# a+ U' o 26. Paint as protest. U. b0 H7 |) p2 H5 O5 Q& Q4 e, I
27. New signs and names
H' K6 |; ?# y! `. B# W* h 28. Symbolic sounds
: {6 U$ _1 J7 t) a0 V( m 29. Symbolic reclamations U$ e3 \/ r6 d
30. Rude gestures
* _: r* a7 ~7 ?- z7 s8 X9 y: b, B. J5 T# r+ q+ D% t
Pressures on Individuals
# ^6 f8 p3 K) w R. c' @! v 31. “Haunting” officials
& z2 e1 h4 `3 X4 C. V3 G* w3 {2 k 32. Taunting officials
, c/ l3 i! K/ q+ J- X$ {5 q 33. Fraternization! S% W! D0 ?8 }# j1 ]: K
34. Vigils2 `% n" d5 G; \" ?4 O3 I% K
8 @/ w$ h& T' T9 j; W M5 DDrama and Music& b3 l7 u6 [' b" x, s5 r
35. Humorous skits and pranks
. U1 S1 v4 I$ I$ X. K: D! o3 E 36. Performances of plays and music
7 T+ l& ^0 I2 T8 l( N! [ 37. Singing
, m' Q3 N, N# F6 Q. F1 F! F- q, t" A) R/ V' Z/ Q2 z
Processions
0 e* Q) g! J4 {# U8 _ 38. Marches3 i5 ]4 l4 T8 L8 {! Q. k4 X( e
39. Parades) Y) P; P C7 e8 H
40. Religious processions
' ]# @ d. `, L; @; _ 41. Pilgrimages
8 g4 b9 \. K* \3 |0 _: [) w( R 42. Motorcades; W+ E7 x. W! b( c0 }6 I
8 Y6 @+ {4 h, C. Y8 E7 OHonoring the Dead) {. j5 V* X# i- m" I6 ~2 X! p# @: ~/ {
43. Political mourning
0 j* a( X- v6 L6 r4 h& m! f6 A6 H 44. Mock funerals
F( U- N t) [2 T 45. Demonstrative funerals
! s) u4 P/ A9 s 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies/ C- T% [: e( k2 E0 x. z
47. Assemblies of protest or support
A# ^+ f! G1 a1 ~ 48. Protest meetings# V' W4 j1 ?: M8 f8 {& X
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# z4 s5 R5 B% ]9 H: L 50. Teach-ins# m2 x- o& D+ a* s! A5 N% O
5 e9 h% ~! k: ^3 B7 n
Withdrawal and Renunciation
1 q/ r4 z+ ?; |9 o 51. Walk-outs
& [# N9 H( V, h0 B9 P( v 52. Silence: M3 d7 Y) I: E6 i/ L( s# @& m( Q
53. Renouncing honors8 @& t/ H8 X. W2 G( n: w8 |
54. Turning one’s back
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# T' \; f; d6 d$ ?( g& L 7 R% W0 B' ?; n/ R4 _; A- N% q
6 G. G5 R( g R2 S- e
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION; q `$ [8 P; \( _
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2 D7 |% \, O$ q `0 ]" e
+ h5 j4 L( ~8 q# i1 @7 ZOstracism of Persons
% W% S5 m4 y6 U 55. Social boycott' `1 W3 T' h. ?% A
56. Selective social boycott% i) f( M& K7 y/ Q2 |& Y
57. Lysistratic nonaction
( v% f, k0 W. B' y: _5 c 58. Excommunication
. {# c. \0 m3 s, A 59. Interdict
3 r( M8 K# p$ n! B2 U. r% O9 x* E$ `$ w {6 E/ k/ o
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; ^5 y$ A5 P' G 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' f3 ^" L% ^) z- A 61. Boycott of social affairs2 \$ o0 r% c0 A$ e6 r% j2 ]
62. Student strike# T" x# c* a2 x& M. D
63. Social disobedience1 Q7 x- m6 l! {2 K# A7 [. ?
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ B! V' k6 |9 \* C
5 f A4 r. [, ~Withdrawal from the Social System D; X f4 ?" y1 R3 V6 S
65. Stay-at-home
. N" p' o( u& s 66. Total personal noncooperation' I: j7 L0 F: T2 d
67. “Flight” of workers( `( Z' a3 S8 k# f. u
68. Sanctuary9 N0 G% L7 k3 m
69. Collective disappearance
+ j* V7 G3 |8 ^) S4 x1 G 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)6 F* c* e0 u1 Y( L% a0 T7 G
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/ _& d: \+ f) ?* k9 o, tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* M" l& Z1 V1 p9 O# S9 a+ h2 R8 \+ v, R. Q0 y. y2 s" `
7 b, P5 L1 P7 n8 G Q( c Y, oActions by Consumers
( D3 P$ u: }1 y9 K 71. Consumers’ boycott8 b! n4 ^, J8 x# v" \
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 I% ?% X" o: {/ ?' B
73. Policy of austerity
% i( D% G q7 q: y* S! t1 A" P 74. Rent withholding3 P7 ~' R+ x& w3 A- x5 \
75. Refusal to rent
7 P2 F+ y, u6 Y7 \: D 76. National consumers’ boycott
& [, v- t. h+ m' @0 [ 77. International consumers’ boycott/ {/ ]: A) k) u, ~1 B4 R" v
+ y' U9 ]% G' a2 H9 _
Action by Workers and Producers
7 l& x# {7 P: ^9 J1 r5 } 78. Workmen’s boycott! A. l+ e1 q9 w0 Q3 i* \) P% u
79. Producers’ boycott a/ P* M: x. s
$ Y. z: Z7 r; b* `* i7 G1 Q
Action by Middlemen
: ~, t* g% O0 l* I" o8 { 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: B$ C! H; C0 `+ u8 P# ^. x2 P, \0 k# g* K& \5 S
Action by Owners and Management
+ P$ O2 l& l# f6 H 81. Traders’ boycott
- _' L& i4 V0 _( t7 f+ W- E 82. Refusal to let or sell property/ P+ ^& S: ~! J4 t4 Q( l' {
83. Lockout
3 n7 Z! o0 b4 W: k; Z+ O& _/ s 84. Refusal of industrial assistance" v6 W# c. h7 S9 [3 S3 B. M
85. Merchants’ “general strike” O& C! g, |0 h2 m5 L: t
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources8 P! d, W C8 @) J
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ S# d- r' }. O. [1 s
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
* P0 `, O) b! v, s: B/ U 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 {+ h7 S, x9 U4 R6 x _0 U
89. Severance of funds and credit
T3 P- D8 X( {3 t! T6 ` 90. Revenue refusal' z" v' }- ~3 `3 w, |$ z# F, m
91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ J' @! r2 X' x* K+ V6 F9 @9 W9 m
Action by Governments4 C0 v& o% h) }6 Y5 [/ k
92. Domestic embargo1 }6 [/ x6 A! E( Q' Z
93. Blacklisting of traders
! M( Q0 }% o( _9 g' l 94. International sellers’ embargo5 B( m& o6 p" ?4 m* J0 `# Z
95. International buyers’ embargo
8 [9 K9 G8 `- Z! n7 K0 O 96. International trade embargo& @! `' j0 A/ Y8 }2 Q0 m. k
+ c$ P: j6 ]8 W( u& z' s6 m' \+ p " n j9 V: u4 |: z- F
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE* q7 h& [# H& m8 J% s0 R
( v2 |. g6 j& q- O' Y
' D5 |2 t, {6 R4 D KSymbolic Strikes
$ x, {6 G" @' \' {$ F. C. g" {: M 97. Protest strike, K: {" E0 w: E3 `+ `# F
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 {9 G1 g/ W \
( U$ T8 a ^& C! A$ ~ aAgricultural Strikes
P) X% a) s6 i0 g! F 99. Peasant strike
5 @# K0 S3 S! O5 ^+ b5 m 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ T% G2 H( [! B3 ~, I3 e3 {2 S) @0 c6 _9 s) e
Strikes by Special Groups
: Y( g6 x$ T2 u W+ ]5 i: {& j* `5 o 101. Refusal of impressed labor
& O5 T% K1 H+ [4 N7 n 102. Prisoners’ strike
. ^+ k2 I9 E6 _ 103. Craft strike
9 Z# S& N" k$ y* n) E5 R2 I, n 104. Professional strike8 ~' A/ t7 \. i) S
: H6 u9 \' X) B
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
& o! I/ q* @" z/ E 105. Establishment strike
! x' _! [4 s- g' n* Y9 ~2 `' A- ^ 106. Industry strike
8 l/ G8 G, l6 @- I4 ~ 107. Sympathetic strike. a K5 @9 _# d9 G( x
4 [% M1 Y% n* e. O5 f" ^7 E- q
Restricted Strikes
# M0 u/ g) x# z e3 u% Z 108. Detailed strike
* i3 l9 k1 c+ y- J3 g, H 109. Bumper strike/ S8 g% b8 \& {6 v# h( r+ u$ V |
110. Slowdown strike! z" K$ p, c. U) A/ p( j" _- u, F% R
111. Working-to-rule strike) n3 z7 p5 j" C
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
P$ m/ |7 m- } 113. Strike by resignation
5 o) k+ u5 O6 [: N; `* f! s6 X 114. Limited strike8 L7 g3 Z" ?9 K- N0 M
115. Selective strike, O# x4 c3 g9 d( Z8 S9 ^# B8 ]5 c6 L
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Multi-Industry Strikes
6 D) b$ q2 Y H' [8 q7 H7 K9 ~' Z
a) {$ P- j& f9 c* C 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
$ s6 z. I7 v5 L7 k8 Y4 c; r$ E8 S/ x5 J3 y3 X
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures& i- X7 z( L8 ?1 ^. a+ |. i2 G
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118. Hartal
4 L7 t0 _( z* a" o
4 I, \% t* J& L4 R 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. t! S4 e2 ~$ |6 b3 Y! B
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Rejection of Authority: Y0 @. ~7 G! b" L1 @
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- g3 b; b2 V" r 121. Refusal of public support
Y7 R3 j3 t1 r' K: G) | 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ a+ P2 g# e' h
2 |! D+ Q2 R0 f- Q8 pCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ ?3 n6 h$ h. Z5 J& W9 F$ { 123. Boycott of legislative bodies* P* J+ H6 e* U% C9 M1 [" }
124. Boycott of elections
+ k* D- u2 @+ o0 k) z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions. Y$ m% R3 q+ J: K* V$ l A% h7 i3 |
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# c9 S2 {" B% h5 K8 b
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) ~/ A5 b7 H" ~ h4 c
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 x: N% ?5 e1 e6 b/ W0 I/ a; I9 h0 M
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* E; e; \/ o W4 Z: ~4 b
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; `: D5 M* [- a+ \, G! D8 p2 d2 M 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' I" \& U5 T/ c7 W3 _
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions9 O6 ?# p% k2 j" F& [/ D) W
; q$ |) c0 M! sCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 x: l& L3 Y8 g4 M
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 k# o" D& u) V( o 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! k# z$ D0 E6 K* M% u# Q0 w( q
135. Popular nonobedience
* x; b- l2 K# N 136. Disguised disobedience
' ~5 c! [1 p! H. c6 c 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. S$ U. v& ~/ u4 g 138. Sitdown
# b( |4 Y3 ]% `; @7 H& i 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation o) e& O6 x/ q7 C* u- y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 @$ l: X, U# V% I) ]1 b- X4 b
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 G( R8 w. X+ W) A& C, ~% x0 h; M* f1 `$ P% ~
Action by Government Personnel
" a2 C7 Y, h& V. [8 x" P; } 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# P" @* \# [. }: O5 x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: q Q* {) ]9 k8 |6 j. A( V- j. S+ M6 |1 Z 144. Stalling and obstruction2 r( p3 H8 [8 F& j5 W
145. General administrative noncooperation' c1 e' _2 R& r4 Z4 y6 i/ L3 P
0 v- P2 C8 H- y# q' o
146. Judicial noncooperation
6 k+ V% m& e: i% y. Z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( @3 y0 \7 Z+ e% N1 P2 U9 c% ] 148. Mutiny* h2 k4 V+ j+ H1 z
Domestic Governmental Action$ N- \+ B4 _2 W" U
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 ~2 ]3 i5 E' T2 J2 e7 s% A# u6 s3 T 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
) R7 z+ C* e' D% O& D, |/ g9 R( a1 G C
International Governmental Action, m h1 W, R# s. W Z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ x4 @5 P8 ]; v: \+ }8 l( d% [
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- w4 i" X" @( M8 `3 W 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition* j' O" a* Z' i6 g5 N
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ m: L4 {! s; Z5 _8 L# E 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 G. E; V* y Q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- l; \ z* n: t y, F5 z
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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9 N4 L0 m: T$ b9 x9 b2 MTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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; A$ O" z+ P/ mPsychological Intervention* [$ v' c, }7 m+ b1 E! y
158. Self-exposure to the elements
, e. @0 ]& J& K* g0 k. f 159. The fast9 {( a/ {, l6 D% ?0 O( ~
a) Fast of moral pressure8 `. D* q9 Z7 M4 \& t' I
b) Hunger strike
2 T+ ]7 R' w# {# }& d3 ~) J- E c) Satyagrahic fast
: q Z1 `: R/ l- i* O 160. Reverse trial
# r. [' X% E3 f6 e$ o' F9 S, t 161. Nonviolent harassment) q+ ]) W5 A' t: `
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Physical Intervention2 j3 N5 f4 T0 Q
162. Sit-in/ c ~/ c+ v. I8 Q1 r' ~
163. Stand-in
8 s8 E0 D2 O( t/ z 164. Ride-in. x: L5 @7 a! V+ j
165. Wade-in
5 p0 E/ h1 z, \, g; {" z 166. Mill-in
6 g- \4 y( W8 z% v8 T; g/ B9 r 167. Pray-in
% T6 T5 y* T. Q4 W 168. Nonviolent raids
* l ~ \; Y3 _! x 169. Nonviolent air raids
: q1 |7 j1 F& W0 p+ M 170. Nonviolent invasion
3 m% _$ ^, e% R 171. Nonviolent interjection
& R( L: d0 r2 D* R( r E( R( L* P; V 172. Nonviolent obstruction" h3 t$ T' v/ i+ G
173. Nonviolent occupation% U/ } w8 e U- H4 A+ R0 y! T
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Social Intervention
/ U% _+ O. |" `/ ]" F: T0 U0 J: f( ? 174. Establishing new social patterns
, [# V( t5 f; j+ g 175. Overloading of facilities2 i h7 k( D( A' V. R
176. Stall-in
( E+ b, U" b3 g2 Y2 }( m& r 177. Speak-in
& I- k& |( N2 k; u) F 178. Guerrilla theater
: u6 [0 i( ]5 {/ u! g/ I 179. Alternative social institutions
. l9 Q2 I" r7 g# ~" }" y$ [- f 180. Alternative communication system
: C0 i$ f( B. A/ R1 ]
1 x) L+ u; Y7 I) P7 BEconomic Intervention
! e, m2 R! i( @ 181. Reverse strike
+ \+ o! ]1 n& t) ^ 182. Stay-in strike' o6 [( A3 p* v0 N% r6 ?3 l6 x
183. Nonviolent land seizure) L1 ?2 Z8 T' B+ A& N
184. Defiance of blockades
3 P) K. M# W% A6 x, \ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. K! @( w- [) ^, o* j
186. Preclusive purchasing
0 b3 G7 M$ [0 Y) L# S$ i 187. Seizure of assets
; p7 T! ~5 r% A4 ~ 188. Dumping+ M+ I* _: q( G1 O: U
189. Selective patronage
& w, Y8 Z# g$ D2 Z8 M 190. Alternative markets
6 ?) b5 J/ }1 }9 Y# w9 o 191. Alternative transportation systems. L; p! f6 \4 a: f
192. Alternative economic institutions
' j' {3 o' X" H
4 q- n7 C6 |/ T: E3 o8 T( \Political Intervention
" B/ N* F7 M1 ?5 U$ R 193. Overloading of administrative systems7 m1 E! V! B4 ~8 A* Q3 g
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 ^0 @! `2 P/ i- Z3 K 195. Seeking imprisonment
( n% a4 i* U* N# F 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. ?, N% H, _; B$ G" U* r
197. Work-on without collaboration+ \" y0 c, ~6 r: z/ a9 a! p
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# C8 [6 z& W8 p9 [
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
