 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 S% O( m4 N: P% f# M0 M
Formal Statements- E$ p, }, B3 r# o# [( @! {
1. Public Speeches
3 u& }( o. t7 z O5 L/ Y. G 2. Letters of opposition or support+ f* c# j" x3 j- _) @1 o3 @1 \
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! D9 X! H A! Z. A' j 4. Signed public statements6 `3 B% ?( L( x& X$ E6 `( x: C F3 U2 [
5. Declarations of indictment and intention' U& V' r/ g$ h
6. Group or mass petitions' _8 i8 B$ i9 C4 r- z
5 l% s4 q, p* v& P7 z9 c! c
Communications with a Wider Audience1 B% R5 D4 b- r9 E7 S0 ^
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 ?1 N( z N0 R# | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 x* l$ V+ M# a6 Z. Z; H" ?
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 h& P; [1 f% L q6 m! o- j0 a 10. Newspapers and journals
7 ?- W$ t: Y4 {6 K/ w 11. Records, radio, and television) f1 C" F/ r8 \# s3 I, h( L
12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 A* R0 y5 l: }8 Y
: c- w1 h/ @" Y( ]3 Z8 S
Group Representations9 T1 I. i; H" S, H! |1 R1 E
13. Deputations
# s5 b. _3 r9 E# E# A 14. Mock awards% v/ L/ ]/ k1 m# V/ A% E
15. Group lobbying% f2 M& e8 q: T0 R5 D2 e. g
16. Picketing9 O Z( r6 v5 r
17. Mock elections
3 p% L) D6 R' t; E, z/ n3 T$ z+ s. F+ u5 Q( o5 d9 w# t
Symbolic Public Acts! S% Z, i& ~2 N$ i3 U6 i
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors5 \- E8 r& f" R3 ^! Q
19. Wearing of symbols. f9 Q2 U5 X' r* w, k" \$ V
20. Prayer and worship
5 C" d0 z2 r& \" J 21. Delivering symbolic objects
/ X g7 b$ |( P5 p7 j7 u 22. Protest disrobings
" ^/ G, o1 C! ]5 S4 K0 p 23. Destruction of own property; V4 D T# a0 Z1 c% p7 k
24. Symbolic lights0 ~! i7 l( @% N/ N
25. Displays of portraits4 ~3 Q3 l/ k+ n4 X( a
26. Paint as protest8 H/ C6 m6 q8 @2 [
27. New signs and names$ N; Q/ S4 ^- ?4 K* `5 l6 X
28. Symbolic sounds, E3 ~+ C T: Q; P
29. Symbolic reclamations' i# c" |3 f) J1 _$ C" \+ C
30. Rude gestures
. a/ y! l/ _: Y# k4 e* |- \% E+ z* o6 U% f
Pressures on Individuals3 f$ e9 o( O' O2 G
31. “Haunting” officials T& u' X! f1 g) }% ^" r) }
32. Taunting officials) g5 W/ g- g( p- x
33. Fraternization
, `8 e8 Q/ I; N+ k) [& u 34. Vigils
4 J3 R% x3 v1 X6 C
M/ D6 X3 W6 q% c# N5 hDrama and Music+ T6 ?3 j. `# v; Z5 _0 i/ n0 J( g
35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 ?# h4 K; U5 A( F# p7 p 36. Performances of plays and music
+ T4 B Y- V6 }- R. _ 37. Singing
. s0 ~$ o( u9 \
0 C5 s; j8 [. V2 M& m) x3 FProcessions9 m0 c, O: G# n( r' j% x* q* r( O
38. Marches
9 u6 C0 w4 c; \" s1 Y& X6 D7 y 39. Parades
( n6 E$ D; j. C1 g8 H5 Q+ w 40. Religious processions
U" \7 N$ D! P: K 41. Pilgrimages5 t) N, N1 H" i7 Z. F. Q6 B- ~
42. Motorcades; C; J' s. h. f' E; Y
. p+ ^, E, a! C; o: e1 \Honoring the Dead
" {9 ?1 g8 o; v; E- {& ? 43. Political mourning
1 W6 V9 r% L( ^6 h/ Z 44. Mock funerals r. @2 ]0 P, h5 `
45. Demonstrative funerals
" R2 D9 Z/ u0 d! C 46. Homage at burial places
) t6 }7 c) {2 R6 j# x! D# s' v9 P+ y; v) i9 k
Public Assemblies0 P# p4 u: J7 t( E) B
47. Assemblies of protest or support; v: h5 P n' z2 @0 v- A
48. Protest meetings- F! F/ k: N |* L0 I
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 T I1 p! Q* ?7 P% z1 G9 P) s3 f
50. Teach-ins
( Z n- F! u/ y2 F" H/ u6 p$ Q/ |9 H& [
Withdrawal and Renunciation
F3 H# V6 f& k; X( O3 u 51. Walk-outs
6 a* |# a2 _/ f4 X) i$ d/ C0 }2 R* e, ~ 52. Silence
# ]( T6 E3 W- ? 53. Renouncing honors
( n3 w2 a2 g2 T0 D7 Y- Z+ v 54. Turning one’s back
6 X. @- X7 E; k) S* ] i
7 |3 [. R- H5 Y9 ~8 [# Z 0 }( p' A+ \4 w [
1 A% H' u, V! WTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ X$ L! u/ Y- Y& L/ K5 l: k3 G6 {' g$ K' W; t& }0 n
Ostracism of Persons% j9 E( P6 Y9 C" F4 l) _ G
55. Social boycott* g0 }/ Y) q$ J' ?7 u& s/ G) B3 ~
56. Selective social boycott7 K# |9 S* z" ~0 j4 L& }7 X) W
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 N# `" l5 K" P% P 58. Excommunication
0 E/ Y% e% }- V3 _8 a$ D 59. Interdict
6 F; p# t9 [" v( @1 e1 l$ t/ c K- A
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# l ]& Z1 M, y9 [$ x
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 d; z2 N: T" t+ r 61. Boycott of social affairs
+ D7 x3 d3 R! e, J1 F6 i' a7 x 62. Student strike3 S# p) ?1 y0 D* z/ E, D
63. Social disobedience
7 g- M! k0 u" K2 J3 c: [ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
3 \% T3 ~5 M/ I7 K5 _% a; G# ]: S7 S) u
Withdrawal from the Social System8 }0 }7 `. }3 H$ e# p: \
65. Stay-at-home4 F/ o s5 }, j% \+ m; Y
66. Total personal noncooperation1 r6 \! Z+ Y' V: q3 p
67. “Flight” of workers+ X- C* \6 d! w% d7 k j; l6 E
68. Sanctuary }6 Q% Q$ d, p$ j# R) D9 e: T# P
69. Collective disappearance
6 K [6 v5 B8 |" M1 F" [0 P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% p6 K" O/ b$ I/ }. |9 d
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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9 G% Q+ E% ?( I$ M : B' j* x0 \: ?) k8 M
Actions by Consumers- v* _' j+ y- _' L/ ]1 `
71. Consumers’ boycott
: D! `; |5 u+ H( J/ L 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 y4 t# a8 ^# H. B7 Y8 i2 ^ 73. Policy of austerity1 W% y0 _1 E: r7 }2 D
74. Rent withholding
6 B3 p& C$ u4 J3 @) E* d 75. Refusal to rent* Y/ k5 d* i2 y! V
76. National consumers’ boycott
0 s D( x; g9 I* p6 n( K$ ] 77. International consumers’ boycott* w4 i( D# D" \$ x! {
' F: n6 I* ]" c+ `, G1 x9 U+ |Action by Workers and Producers! {, t) v8 S, O! t. {# O t" ^/ F1 S' X
78. Workmen’s boycott# A+ i6 U3 a5 e* E& W
79. Producers’ boycott
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* F e0 \/ H1 r. V* }4 L; PAction by Middlemen; t6 y2 d& a% b5 L
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# H' K x7 h' d% T
2 Q2 z1 S3 ]. i4 v7 [
Action by Owners and Management4 K0 {3 s& M6 X' A* I
81. Traders’ boycott
, a$ M L# T1 L: R 82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 i' ~* s1 Z% z0 y$ B3 o! `7 y9 l 83. Lockout3 O2 K# N* F# {# V" i! d6 G U1 G. V9 w
84. Refusal of industrial assistance+ i; G3 B' r$ g# G6 t
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 V' K4 ~: u/ w6 ?% E6 J" f6 f" a% j! k, L6 ~, M
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
! S. L+ `# |8 i# ~ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
- h8 F; q( h2 b% x9 ^, b t 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 K# i( v6 ~9 U8 L( S 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
. J" N( e* f) p 89. Severance of funds and credit
! j; \. P% Q* i' I0 i- X" f+ W 90. Revenue refusal/ X1 y2 S3 p+ \5 E/ x
91. Refusal of a government’s money
: `0 n' L# t" {4 m! [7 F+ v% i0 j1 |1 h: A1 ?% ]+ D# f1 Y% `
Action by Governments* M8 h; w* `3 x' \3 w
92. Domestic embargo
7 J) ^ s3 Y; O, r: d$ k6 c 93. Blacklisting of traders
5 `3 q, p2 D9 S6 E 94. International sellers’ embargo
0 d' O- F6 k; h2 Y 95. International buyers’ embargo
& K9 x" A2 J8 g3 @* ^+ P 96. International trade embargo3 h5 Z ]( c" d0 D8 z* U4 c
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes+ z5 E0 t Z: K$ y( |2 E; o/ e( B
97. Protest strike
7 x8 a! X/ w9 S) x 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) t9 [# o- O$ W, L/ [7 J, ]
8 Z% Y1 U; P# ]/ V$ n8 E, u4 H) |
Agricultural Strikes9 a# t4 A& z( B7 o
99. Peasant strike
8 I1 M0 c! K& M" ?# ^) N0 A 100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 e5 \! u& P% [8 l6 y4 ^) @9 U
9 i1 B2 c4 k0 h6 }- I2 G7 `Strikes by Special Groups
' e3 C- ]" c4 T( q* d: X- Z 101. Refusal of impressed labor* e. c# W7 }' v) @. W
102. Prisoners’ strike
$ \& a6 y, d# K: L 103. Craft strike
8 Y2 w3 f" G0 U7 c, p1 P# l% u 104. Professional strike
. l9 a, l, f% V* w2 J. Z
$ p7 b% n3 A1 W0 ~8 {5 j# a: |Ordinary Industrial Strikes! B' @/ x9 Q* u: d, c& o
105. Establishment strike
/ H" ]+ i6 j0 q5 U 106. Industry strike" i& B7 }3 d# D
107. Sympathetic strike% ?" b" J3 O7 C& b8 ?
& z3 v& |9 e9 H5 ^. Q- p: P& mRestricted Strikes( I5 ?7 y- d% Q
108. Detailed strike
; e+ L2 G- q# b6 Z! X 109. Bumper strike" d C/ p% d8 j# y! C
110. Slowdown strike. a4 t; Y/ h& f
111. Working-to-rule strike
7 F" n& E" R4 F0 W- B! k, N 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): ^8 B3 |; F! y5 E/ m q
113. Strike by resignation7 [! [, g7 _! Q" \
114. Limited strike
i! w; L3 f2 ]# h4 u5 g3 [ 115. Selective strike
+ H; o0 d( T: v
2 b/ V! R' l {- @ ^Multi-Industry Strikes$ ]" n' p" k9 X, _6 K, O3 `- l$ D
( v! g, E( b" Q7 z' a" `
116. Generalized strike
8 g/ P% z$ }% Z! Y! q
6 X- p& J9 S& K& C 117. General strike
. T6 ?: n6 y) g" b9 m* W& d( @3 f6 \7 `, z4 ?5 T; U% K
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
2 {& i" {: @! k# A Y. w8 P; L4 B/ S- R1 M: O$ s4 z2 b) W
118. Hartal
! ~4 ]* F$ F% \7 w, z! I) _& L/ G' V
119. Economic shutdown; J& I9 Y0 {! Q ~# K
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7 f! ^# |2 U7 B' ]- t2 qTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! w! I4 v0 H3 `2 ~- |. D I/ E
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Rejection of Authority2 s ?9 ^& `/ B0 t* ]5 i
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance! Y' U9 d! R/ b5 P: F: s4 H: I
121. Refusal of public support$ M- z, A4 K7 }8 G
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
# k) f( K4 B# O8 {- X+ r
: U* J0 l8 B' y3 f7 BCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ W+ t3 L( ]5 b9 Z9 h
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ r$ N4 r( ]) {4 C# N. U 124. Boycott of elections
/ x. p6 N( d2 W 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' @8 j0 T* H, V1 ^! s2 p4 H) ] 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* d! \$ W1 \5 H0 {' ]' }: b! V 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ k w" C4 R: I8 r$ D6 J 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ g7 N6 ~3 t! u3 V# `# C+ g 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 ]) q0 q7 Z6 ]5 A5 | 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 C& |2 a- C! l 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
w/ V6 @* `# r: T. H- k( W 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
' v# t% Q& Q' `$ O2 E5 x; b9 k+ c
# N& R. Z8 q4 f8 p7 q# q, GCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 V9 a: B R/ u, m 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: j* Q4 `( s8 O, ~5 g 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 F* W6 [( M) l& ^6 Q6 ` 135. Popular nonobedience5 m: t2 c x% f4 U2 g5 e
136. Disguised disobedience
* W& ~+ ?0 B3 ]( R. a8 C% G% q+ L& z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 S) D& C1 {2 m7 c* C
138. Sitdown* E; I) g3 h! [. i }: V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
S( ` r6 ^- ^+ ?- u. E: K: I" v* H 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 }: h1 _1 U, ] 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: }3 x3 t5 J9 t. B
( X. {3 r( L) NAction by Government Personnel7 R$ w( r- D! Q n" n& u
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides( E- q: L1 X" U
143. Blocking of lines of command and information) j7 ^* [; a+ m0 a1 R& V2 u
144. Stalling and obstruction
7 N1 y% a. z; g. F: p, R4 { 145. General administrative noncooperation- k0 ?. A- r) z/ m5 }
0 l6 w& ]$ b, @+ n1 a5 {9 I
146. Judicial noncooperation
$ c. z! k2 g/ S" z& k 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; C9 p) g* E! k' L& ? 148. Mutiny
A5 {' ]$ s3 Y. eDomestic Governmental Action# w4 ^& ?; M& f' ^# l1 l4 |4 M
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" s, D( j: q6 G5 L0 Y: C1 J( g! d8 ~ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! i" l, l! I% o& S
! }! H( ^ _+ ]' UInternational Governmental Action
7 t8 Y3 T" \, p& g( q5 n k* S4 v 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations; I k( u2 A4 e4 \% z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' h* `3 f4 u5 Z9 e9 R
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 \9 Y* r- u% ^' o; \, S1 Y7 y, p 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 k" W# z8 j% w/ S9 Q5 P 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 v' @5 ?5 H9 Q; V 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- h$ {7 y. E5 A$ v+ i: U 157. Expulsion from international organizations4 i# A# A4 L, M
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5 H, b6 N. V5 u* E- R7 d. ^, b. U7 Q5 b/ i9 h2 H6 [9 o
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 q* m# {4 g/ O% u
7 }, i% k/ |' n5 Y
& E+ Z) m4 G7 S! T0 \) b9 g& i: fPsychological Intervention
8 n) s! P2 h! f K- d3 v" Q; Y 158. Self-exposure to the elements) C% Z$ I) T2 P/ U# Z- L8 D
159. The fast/ x) M/ h7 p6 d; S( c, _5 t
a) Fast of moral pressure
& [# I* S. L/ j& s. e1 j& o8 ` P b) Hunger strike
) z0 {. K: f1 J/ m# h) m5 G1 j c) Satyagrahic fast
. t6 M0 U# s- Z- H( m 160. Reverse trial6 Z t" u& K5 d
161. Nonviolent harassment
, m$ A' c s6 j
1 L' e- Z& f c* L8 d: hPhysical Intervention% O& c; _+ { L, J& ` b! E
162. Sit-in# k: _2 J+ R% d# a
163. Stand-in* C* W2 L3 d7 u2 O" V
164. Ride-in
a2 |4 F2 {' \5 n; U: S5 f 165. Wade-in
. z2 x. s9 c+ _% L* ~6 M 166. Mill-in
# C7 Y/ @" c' z+ _ 167. Pray-in
7 q3 e! m% t( P; I 168. Nonviolent raids- w/ i0 D1 G4 E/ ^+ \4 L
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 V) B/ q0 ^; T8 s9 U. L. n 170. Nonviolent invasion2 h4 a# g, A6 W( \! `: x8 [7 i# U
171. Nonviolent interjection0 D3 p4 f& L3 S; l1 J7 u( X9 g7 E& ]
172. Nonviolent obstruction
% w/ X; a1 x) E: t3 T2 `4 w: ` 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
: }& S M- b& L6 h J 174. Establishing new social patterns" t ~0 b* V/ \
175. Overloading of facilities1 f8 X" ]" B' [$ |- Q
176. Stall-in
3 n8 U0 F1 ]# `& ` 177. Speak-in1 M4 {( A$ r5 `2 f7 x
178. Guerrilla theater
1 Y5 c+ R9 B8 V% d' k$ X4 Q 179. Alternative social institutions% c- a! b6 |' y* K; A: `6 [
180. Alternative communication system1 y$ W; C. i/ K8 M( c0 d5 |
; M4 W, s B" p& Y' v3 x' Y! E
Economic Intervention; s5 i8 T; c3 G: P
181. Reverse strike
# ?$ d- R/ h7 }2 m- O0 b3 l" Q 182. Stay-in strike
5 _* g8 B& _( \/ S+ E3 @% z 183. Nonviolent land seizure
; T* z( h& }! g& W" z 184. Defiance of blockades
s3 X, D; K* v0 k 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ ]- A) L, m' l! k- s# G
186. Preclusive purchasing2 \( w% E. r6 z# |5 o
187. Seizure of assets
$ w9 [0 W4 b- p" C5 B( z! l3 i7 J 188. Dumping$ u8 F0 {2 F0 o' b/ r2 c* r
189. Selective patronage; M% p# V4 q8 f5 i4 X: ~! y7 r1 C. p* U
190. Alternative markets
+ r, A; H$ L4 A! t 191. Alternative transportation systems
$ B- [& Q( z1 y D 192. Alternative economic institutions- |6 E- |' g3 P2 h: b2 j1 ~4 i
) K, }7 h2 s8 A, i1 D0 ~: ^& }
Political Intervention* L2 }5 F! L" c p
193. Overloading of administrative systems; L1 b- o# a& c j- Z8 A2 W
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. u5 v* L1 [7 x% W& s
195. Seeking imprisonment
0 i# s, v& V; @; C- n/ W# P 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 F% @* K7 ?3 z) `; O. d 197. Work-on without collaboration
' \0 I& T% S6 K3 Y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
