 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- R0 ^* u4 d: k. ^4 o, G! _ Q$ Z/ yFormal Statements$ a4 r8 U* B }9 f7 x- m7 t
1. Public Speeches, G3 c, d: o; e [9 \* x$ \- B- ~
2. Letters of opposition or support+ l' h& L- G# ^/ @( t# T
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions2 `2 E, D7 u2 T
4. Signed public statements2 H' Z+ t* `/ B# F% s
5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 e& X5 U5 d, A' I9 K7 r9 r
6. Group or mass petitions5 l2 g, I+ y% I/ L, K3 z8 F1 D. [
1 @( a! }9 C0 \$ ?4 ^+ V3 f
Communications with a Wider Audience
9 p t- o' y# v$ {! F' L 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 y( M( X( q6 e+ l G7 S8 K6 Z+ C 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ W1 q3 L6 w9 @$ N7 Q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: ]7 |' `: u4 m$ y; \ 10. Newspapers and journals4 R- S, Q2 L) |0 \% o
11. Records, radio, and television
& E# i6 Z) l4 r. F4 R9 s 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 X t' v6 {- K* p
; y8 d% H( l+ G% lGroup Representations
+ q( C$ {: I! ~ 13. Deputations1 f- O* t9 h7 Y( c! G Q X6 e$ `
14. Mock awards
/ ~1 ]( t9 g' H0 Z5 e% o 15. Group lobbying) s. ^* K8 S% }
16. Picketing- ^8 g+ I/ q ]' W% J( [
17. Mock elections
: }# q: e2 y# O$ M* A
! _! n P! u4 @Symbolic Public Acts
$ u4 @$ M" P, z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) ]( Z1 I8 F8 _. T; U8 P& F O
19. Wearing of symbols
- y# b! _0 V: @2 e- x: F 20. Prayer and worship2 D# L6 H/ e/ {
21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 z c; D0 O6 z& c" ] 22. Protest disrobings+ U& P2 ^9 ^! u3 u% ~& s
23. Destruction of own property
, ~) L) j! Z! Q4 P5 Q3 W, ~ 24. Symbolic lights
% R( I8 M# m( B/ v 25. Displays of portraits# v) }# m) o! [2 e
26. Paint as protest/ W! f) l. c6 e4 l: J
27. New signs and names Q( O) [- o/ m3 t
28. Symbolic sounds
; d1 Z8 l$ \+ P5 s% a/ ~. J/ f 29. Symbolic reclamations5 H& c3 @& |$ X4 E& U
30. Rude gestures. a) }8 b( M6 S9 o; O4 A. N4 Y D
& q6 C1 k) a' w# Q+ w1 N5 l
Pressures on Individuals- R* G- u, X: h5 @) s4 k+ P: j
31. “Haunting” officials& @* L& e2 Y" C7 D! P
32. Taunting officials" Y( M5 |- }- k U
33. Fraternization2 C( u. F. E! s# B4 W
34. Vigils* d" M* b7 r! J& ]3 w5 y& e \
* [8 K3 A s* _5 C! o0 N/ {( u9 S
Drama and Music
5 e% z4 q% R% Q4 |9 K0 q0 U 35. Humorous skits and pranks( w& @' P, k6 D
36. Performances of plays and music
5 n2 k( M4 w7 T2 o$ y0 q 37. Singing
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Processions. S: W3 H5 E& _$ @) N* a P" }* p
38. Marches; y& D i+ l, V# j& r
39. Parades
' K2 G" E- {( `0 y3 f& q 40. Religious processions/ h; V4 B- F; d( n$ S
41. Pilgrimages
9 x0 s$ n+ K7 r% w 42. Motorcades
' R4 n6 }7 m! X/ j/ T9 z4 l. u; \" I& x9 e! W5 U
Honoring the Dead
. N' a V N# O' g( j 43. Political mourning1 K6 q/ E1 E7 F) ^! W' f: R
44. Mock funerals/ \# E# \5 _6 x$ c' F
45. Demonstrative funerals; W4 W% B+ X9 D. Y( E3 Q
46. Homage at burial places
$ w T" c6 @$ Y
- @# I: f/ d" ^7 p- [Public Assemblies
/ D# ^* }2 q. u" h1 | 47. Assemblies of protest or support( m+ z w2 ]+ \- |+ F, }4 T: k& B
48. Protest meetings9 S( ]1 v+ u5 B3 W7 ]
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ x3 C1 k! G8 W: y6 C/ C1 F
50. Teach-ins, |" o4 Y7 }" f4 _3 Q1 f
, m0 o% C ]1 \
Withdrawal and Renunciation. g* G) h* V" z$ p3 t
51. Walk-outs
& y# w1 f |8 I& R2 B- g( d) B 52. Silence" E& b7 C$ |" K9 j' f
53. Renouncing honors
: G$ h; i4 \" [: r 54. Turning one’s back6 ~6 J( K8 d& J! d% z8 a
6 m/ \3 d' K; N& f. r& q, x7 S 9 F7 g5 b$ Q) t1 y$ G" C
% j! Z# @- Z7 W! @; I, o0 v: uTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ `* ]5 Y9 x& t2 ^
6 ?6 q+ k7 A6 O d& n
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$ g6 N" k) h2 _6 ~: }6 d8 X' aOstracism of Persons
2 P# n4 b9 g9 b" ] 55. Social boycott
& ]5 [0 N* M' b0 l+ |7 p; | 56. Selective social boycott
8 S) D9 ^; c4 J+ j6 ^! T7 I 57. Lysistratic nonaction
* q! X5 N* L( R' j6 v, ]6 e 58. Excommunication" B- u1 t& `+ V3 N
59. Interdict
( L8 b/ Z- b+ }# K0 E: h/ P% t+ i/ _0 n+ Q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! Y% _; I. S, F1 Y. ^3 v# Q, ` 60. Suspension of social and sports activities& w3 B/ P! i0 k7 [# {- K" G6 U
61. Boycott of social affairs
# {0 T0 L) O6 [% \2 e; o9 ]. s+ v4 e 62. Student strike+ A f9 @0 g% D. V* I
63. Social disobedience& O" \, W5 t7 l# i( `" c- m4 Q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; V. B1 j+ t0 d! r$ F6 ^' w) o2 O0 @* I5 m
Withdrawal from the Social System
# T0 ]/ n3 g; H0 |3 F* Q 65. Stay-at-home
9 K8 v6 t3 W# C) R4 r+ \; O 66. Total personal noncooperation
Q: @! O- _0 h( H( i, Y 67. “Flight” of workers
0 \) j& e5 V4 M! m 68. Sanctuary: e' k& Q4 D, e
69. Collective disappearance
* H& k; |. u; ]& Q0 k 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& v l3 M' M' d+ A
6 x% y/ O/ g- U
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4 `. q0 C# Y; v8 L
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' ^' ^5 e7 S3 H
& _! Y' Q0 P" a( D( L
( ~& [7 t8 w0 h; U) Y; XActions by Consumers
2 G: u4 ^$ }% r; [) i 71. Consumers’ boycott
. X4 B) ]+ O/ L" `2 V; O/ U$ w9 F 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 n& M: A: W4 b. k- K' h5 w
73. Policy of austerity" X4 I" M% l n* o9 \" v+ a5 {! |8 v
74. Rent withholding
; a$ j1 u" Z. e) T8 f 75. Refusal to rent5 _9 |1 n0 X" b7 t5 `5 j# V
76. National consumers’ boycott
$ Y6 {: ~. p7 V7 [' G8 r 77. International consumers’ boycott
, y6 h# w3 ^; v$ N0 H2 q
2 e$ L% y, o' @7 YAction by Workers and Producers
7 m$ ?# n( i c4 z, k6 m' @. d 78. Workmen’s boycott
4 t* y: D* }. j( t" O9 y3 n8 [9 T 79. Producers’ boycott# v6 z- [) G6 _3 J0 a6 W0 j5 h
# E3 V* v F; _4 K; y) O% y
Action by Middlemen
' k0 k) }1 P1 A, `0 D 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 F7 I2 l/ ~: S) n
c" G+ g5 |5 M4 B" F6 P
Action by Owners and Management
. X7 N5 h7 w; |' D8 _2 ^, S& \ 81. Traders’ boycott S% S) k5 y3 z4 ?8 r7 n
82. Refusal to let or sell property
. H7 i# U" L& C& U$ c! L1 C 83. Lockout! q$ \4 |8 ?+ P# i- x5 Z/ L! h, N
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 V7 S& V$ w! e& M" f* _ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 F# B1 L* d& x. o
' d+ q" M; t! A3 RAction by Holders of Financial Resources2 g" S; U7 C% A, I
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits `- ^& _, z3 Z* Q
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! r1 F7 B3 h- D2 K: z 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 f+ p* U9 c8 E6 @) C0 d
89. Severance of funds and credit1 Y3 P7 L7 f& g& }4 K* e
90. Revenue refusal4 X! b% J% W8 y7 D! }1 B0 o
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
) t( S& [8 `. {, H 92. Domestic embargo+ ~) l" a! w7 s+ L* S1 W! Q# n
93. Blacklisting of traders& o! N* p% i' {4 i9 T. c6 G. k
94. International sellers’ embargo
$ n& c0 g6 {- f% F7 P% B 95. International buyers’ embargo3 g/ r& w: y7 Z7 r* D4 i* O
96. International trade embargo# a$ a6 x& e6 d0 }; W3 ^
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: M# m% P! O! w' }4 uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
7 |: W/ l# _( _/ _3 Z& i# [( P s1 ~5 X7 }8 k. g
4 t/ [2 n+ r" i$ ]Symbolic Strikes- b8 B% ~: v9 y5 H3 s) F" D
97. Protest strike. W; Y# L! A2 P5 U; j
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! F& f5 D; T6 J8 K
- L& h8 N& U' v/ X3 Y4 `Agricultural Strikes
3 ?' ~% V# d8 o* K 99. Peasant strike/ _7 \) U/ G( X$ K: k
100. Farm Workers’ strike
& s: s M2 @8 J9 I, \3 t$ Q, |$ k- |8 I
Strikes by Special Groups
) c5 G; m& q) e' \9 [# i 101. Refusal of impressed labor
) H' L, S- [$ w0 D0 l1 G 102. Prisoners’ strike
! H) D& @1 T a; R8 W$ Q4 i 103. Craft strike2 j# P6 [) h/ r* u# H
104. Professional strike
3 K2 x# P% N0 K" v- Z) {
0 m- g) Y7 [: D+ HOrdinary Industrial Strikes, I$ b' Z# a* p5 x& L, l
105. Establishment strike' U" j0 Y Y8 P4 b: {( Z$ P
106. Industry strike2 p# e' L* s7 E9 q
107. Sympathetic strike
0 p7 |; z) W3 d0 Y& F* i1 ]
7 L. e1 v- A3 t# M- l) HRestricted Strikes! Y8 X/ x: U. M( k+ q$ `
108. Detailed strike/ |" Q( d7 U4 M1 Z' d
109. Bumper strike
! T" C/ I3 r* C- \ 110. Slowdown strike8 {# a) z: C5 K* X1 n) C
111. Working-to-rule strike$ T" d3 Z2 q" ~3 A; K7 ?
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
! I* G# s1 c: y8 e, u7 y$ m 113. Strike by resignation7 I* ~/ |4 @! J# ?0 r
114. Limited strike
" ` H P2 _: m, ^. i3 M) y 115. Selective strike g( Q9 v5 D, f
1 v c: o1 I" [. z' YMulti-Industry Strikes* d: W: c2 [% }# |' g
/ X& R: ?' {7 R# L 116. Generalized strike9 A* L j2 r3 V/ x, B
$ L: }; ~; i5 }) f9 h. v; h, J
117. General strike
9 L q! ^2 n7 A1 ^. e+ r4 g
, D& Z! P1 x; E0 X$ M* yCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( V2 u4 e& Z8 @# e ~/ l" m. g& u/ R( |' B# L) n$ Q
118. Hartal
6 E8 g9 d% j0 C, s% x
5 y0 C% @' U* c% ~! C 119. Economic shutdown
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9 ^* D X% s1 ]2 ~( ~, u
/ ~) {! X3 C7 V. h1 wTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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+ Q3 \, l. M" M2 t6 ?6 ]Rejection of Authority r6 u/ X& X [( e$ I
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- U! ]. f# _. T+ Q
121. Refusal of public support
1 Z5 A1 F: I8 W1 w 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 m( P0 h# d$ M& g( U8 [, |9 r! f7 a# T9 l1 Y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 C! s$ B7 L7 B/ N9 I" P+ O
123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 }' O9 x& |/ N4 Z
124. Boycott of elections
5 M# v. t4 i O9 B' O* M7 \ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* U: Y# X( k: [, I# ^/ { 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# }2 m/ R/ t% k' V* }$ G0 \1 m2 L 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 S1 \1 b! \( R( U 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; u4 H8 Q h0 U
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% [$ `5 Y$ X' N; l& }4 a) b# U 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) k' X8 j) s; X& _ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- c% \- k! c6 F 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 V4 k8 R4 n! }9 N+ w
0 R" Z" q K9 ^1 n- \. }) F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 g" J: G9 w, g7 k# I0 x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance) `+ I/ U9 O. d9 c2 s6 ^1 J
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 Y3 A4 i6 i: |7 Z- e# L' |$ \: e3 R2 t 135. Popular nonobedience8 D4 N; k) t N4 E& m1 e
136. Disguised disobedience! z4 O5 J( r4 p: f2 j
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 R* Y& A0 H% |4 F# n5 z& w& [; m! { 138. Sitdown2 a0 I1 D) Z7 U& J/ L' r! K8 r( X
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% T9 X) u8 B5 m4 |" K$ {, }& I5 r* T 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 p5 a( p. L) w3 F
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' L, s+ s, u2 m) [9 m: |
, g& U# k9 ?4 i9 d* K& TAction by Government Personnel
- Z: P: O* \) B* u 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; L2 Z' f5 Z5 A! p$ B* U' N2 | 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. C b# Z. G+ F6 P 144. Stalling and obstruction
& f& \( q) Z: u& F8 Q: x8 j 145. General administrative noncooperation
: g+ y" G( H; s+ ^6 M* l6 e; a, P
146. Judicial noncooperation
9 v5 K5 \& n5 B; f j 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; q8 O- t/ x9 f" \7 j 148. Mutiny& w: p* d: @' L, L: w4 K j @/ p1 v
Domestic Governmental Action9 |0 I q- J) y' a$ K$ Q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% n7 k- E3 R4 r: P% X 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 j8 Y4 r) R2 L7 b+ K* o2 m; Q5 `8 d. h! ]* r' m
International Governmental Action" u( N) f8 M5 |4 |
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations, [# D+ e- \0 K: ~5 G4 `' T
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 z( p% \( ~/ ? 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 u. ]7 V g' {' Q' i
154. Severance of diplomatic relations. }1 J) ]" f( `; E0 [1 Z ]
155. Withdrawal from international organizations( c, N$ d) i# C7 x
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
x' S' t ^! @' F. Y1 O2 G" @ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
: A9 M9 o3 t. f: v) K r9 S
7 [) R5 l" X5 y: q) g # i* C7 F Z+ L* x4 j- j- m
# W' i# t0 k# s* fTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
8 n- l7 y0 ~2 T1 X- r# U2 W, z3 _, M& u3 n+ h8 F# a' P
, Q% T- L9 m* ^Psychological Intervention: t6 g! V$ |1 H b, ~4 D
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 u8 W. D2 I- h6 w0 Q$ { 159. The fast
B- G- K# }. i% L+ ?4 } a) Fast of moral pressure8 [; ~" R$ a& G, E) A9 } H
b) Hunger strike' {+ T' e" T. a i2 c* v! a
c) Satyagrahic fast6 x9 m) X y- J$ u- r
160. Reverse trial/ J' I3 c. S; F: d
161. Nonviolent harassment
6 F" A# j# o% S% t' `: M5 M' T0 T9 c0 w6 c& t
Physical Intervention
; z F5 S0 m' |$ X7 \+ k 162. Sit-in
+ R Y3 a, n+ n7 U6 K 163. Stand-in- ~3 o: U0 y0 ^8 D( x$ E+ j, I& D7 S
164. Ride-in) x5 B/ @+ Z3 j, W' V
165. Wade-in* E8 F6 O1 S9 [" L- z
166. Mill-in1 I$ h, }- m: G+ s. v
167. Pray-in. H8 a6 g" E* x2 X
168. Nonviolent raids6 b2 K$ P5 J+ P& q- n8 D
169. Nonviolent air raids4 H2 i# U% F8 R8 E8 R, O
170. Nonviolent invasion
" R5 j" q) z+ u1 r 171. Nonviolent interjection8 y3 ~( ]- l/ V% Q, B% g# x
172. Nonviolent obstruction' f2 X V0 Y2 P+ H1 k
173. Nonviolent occupation# K0 t5 i" c ~7 C. @: E- L( c
) E. m" P* M9 L: | }Social Intervention
+ m' t; T1 j9 Y6 a 174. Establishing new social patterns
) ]6 k( g- {1 k6 i$ p& I# O! V. b# | 175. Overloading of facilities0 S) v5 D1 j, d: J2 q* h
176. Stall-in1 @8 x2 i7 Y. Y+ g- R. w
177. Speak-in( O7 X% n" A4 K% R$ O+ C
178. Guerrilla theater* n$ G& [3 }" _. x# P( P
179. Alternative social institutions
, X& J" _: @) x# }3 o& y. A$ m& y 180. Alternative communication system
1 q# w7 t# d. `) X+ g$ ]7 m' t9 e- I9 P, D/ G& e) e7 P4 l
Economic Intervention
1 U" c. K0 C4 F: R 181. Reverse strike& `; C( _. q I, U
182. Stay-in strike
) v4 ~; g1 I: k0 p0 e 183. Nonviolent land seizure* _8 s1 G/ r9 Z5 G
184. Defiance of blockades0 U- J9 G6 ]/ i: l3 e1 S
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 l @& H" Y* Q* g V! n
186. Preclusive purchasing
$ l2 D& i Q+ s/ A 187. Seizure of assets- c+ O6 s9 w7 j* V" X2 i3 a- |
188. Dumping
5 e& x$ l' n& q* K& Z) t3 i: a 189. Selective patronage+ V3 ?: L* R! W ~8 g; L
190. Alternative markets
! b1 p9 C. Q# c 191. Alternative transportation systems
. Q/ l6 |6 w8 z8 `* V( e, u 192. Alternative economic institutions
. c8 Q9 Z& t8 E8 {$ S4 }8 ^0 X) X6 z6 J! k; A" M- V
Political Intervention7 o& L7 L d3 w+ i
193. Overloading of administrative systems
" n6 K: T$ t( ~' W; v. p 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' f) u5 ^, K! `! F) g; E 195. Seeking imprisonment1 s: ?/ ~; n, W+ ~2 N W4 ]
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
. y; \( }7 l% _) @" N( F 197. Work-on without collaboration4 o; t5 g) c H& \
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
