 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 Y. L8 g$ ~3 o/ Q, J
Formal Statements7 F$ T. }5 P5 U4 j- J! C
1. Public Speeches3 B$ h% ~) G" a, u
2. Letters of opposition or support
3 |3 _" [% g* G 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
8 x1 u* h: k6 e' ?, n 4. Signed public statements$ e/ Z. A* Z6 R- P6 t$ f
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% P) J6 L8 f7 b4 R 6. Group or mass petitions( X! s7 x2 W+ K- W! {% c$ P0 l5 N. M
5 _. W2 P: ~: f* |9 }% g: L
Communications with a Wider Audience
" a1 R3 \* Y/ X! m 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols8 Q9 m; \& W3 f1 w
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 \2 p+ A8 B& C$ r4 p 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
6 T' ]! [. {& L* z 10. Newspapers and journals
( o4 M q6 `# y6 _- s+ i | 11. Records, radio, and television. r. b+ Z7 Q5 V6 m& J% Z" Y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 B$ o( e [' |! \+ E' p9 Y7 |1 T) h% q' C% p
Group Representations
0 b3 e2 ^3 A9 K3 ]7 L& s. a 13. Deputations
; O& z5 M; J1 [. o 14. Mock awards
8 P/ Y5 u) u. u& F 15. Group lobbying
. v; K6 O/ t- b9 ?. N' y7 i ] 16. Picketing6 B4 {, N a2 x: S% b; R+ X
17. Mock elections
' j5 w! A. L4 Z( @3 Z, ^4 A, B2 O0 F0 J6 W0 G
Symbolic Public Acts
9 o9 b( b6 k( Z. t3 G 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 c. o# |+ Z, r3 [' E7 Y5 y& m 19. Wearing of symbols
4 v% z6 `2 ^- m" E 20. Prayer and worship
( T/ l, y' Y+ l# t6 j% L* c 21. Delivering symbolic objects W& b/ B { W4 D
22. Protest disrobings$ r+ e" \6 _: z r2 J
23. Destruction of own property) s* w8 a( V2 M: Z; a6 Y
24. Symbolic lights
# i% ^3 K1 \4 M, ~! W 25. Displays of portraits
( V( f; y4 G2 l. k 26. Paint as protest# ?0 b. y4 }2 X9 x" b
27. New signs and names# W3 l( F# p! L1 O& U8 b
28. Symbolic sounds
. C1 V. i5 h! H, _ 29. Symbolic reclamations
* Y/ I5 u& j! {0 N2 E+ ^( S 30. Rude gestures: |5 V6 X) e# c, m& _9 S8 z6 D
( Q3 V0 w5 M* O' x
Pressures on Individuals# [* G/ ]! m7 A; O2 E$ a) K
31. “Haunting” officials3 r, }+ n8 W& d, U- [9 I
32. Taunting officials3 |% L" _4 k8 r0 v
33. Fraternization
' r9 n9 ` F4 s3 H8 K/ N 34. Vigils
% m3 W, ?: y) ]. o% q; | t( _& i1 E
' M- I- _5 y! W2 rDrama and Music1 Z ^, J7 A7 m# v% \; `
35. Humorous skits and pranks
! c1 V$ W3 D. _3 j! I 36. Performances of plays and music2 z2 q& @ A! f8 e% q9 J8 \
37. Singing
- y9 g+ b( [2 [) w( D1 L" \; ^# u
Processions
' L3 k5 c4 j- E5 [. ] 38. Marches
4 K# `7 f" `$ S6 ?, I* w1 n3 d 39. Parades* J9 ~# z% j8 G) ~2 b" U
40. Religious processions
4 W2 Q/ B( D2 ?) l ~; n0 q 41. Pilgrimages
0 s; J% R0 I! B) L 42. Motorcades
: Z& Z* h/ Z" A( ? V/ G: V+ f
- ]( n s3 O( b$ o h+ I" d& }Honoring the Dead8 k3 J: X" q, U
43. Political mourning, @+ q! X+ Y( w4 z7 n% O9 {; N
44. Mock funerals
, p7 T% u9 y0 r6 |1 Z3 X 45. Demonstrative funerals
2 ~7 _2 R( R$ A S; r 46. Homage at burial places
9 t( }& h3 d& L
" ^* y O) f9 n7 T& q( G* S$ ^Public Assemblies! R1 M) @4 j! s, K$ m
47. Assemblies of protest or support( t# S2 r! O/ x3 Y9 T
48. Protest meetings
) H( h( `6 v7 J& V% Z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 M. h7 {7 p, `) ^- z2 Q4 ^
50. Teach-ins w9 K9 r! B' z# r5 O
, W( B4 K- A1 x# v/ X& c; V
Withdrawal and Renunciation2 M' h. V2 D, _% V/ k# E
51. Walk-outs% l8 O8 V& m; j, C/ j2 C
52. Silence$ u0 h) f7 ]$ A4 s+ Q
53. Renouncing honors
( N# i6 w5 P6 ?+ w1 Y" n 54. Turning one’s back5 |% u6 Y3 g2 j
2 M# d4 f0 {6 H( L, |: L) P . [6 \' _5 N# g l
2 |/ t* V, {$ i5 d- q( g
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
% v% S! g7 I; t/ k0 b6 W; M* y7 V* P/ J" h4 D% O
/ h% b/ h9 U. @# b: K5 v' f# {) o; r$ Y7 m5 Q; L
Ostracism of Persons( K# t- \5 C# w
55. Social boycott9 _# Y) t3 ]" L2 w2 O6 X* P& a
56. Selective social boycott
# {( p4 K" p& w. F/ {2 l 57. Lysistratic nonaction0 V# e- R8 g2 D" D# X
58. Excommunication
' ~5 b# n" F* p9 ~; T) H 59. Interdict
0 n D" Q! w- R* \1 D) S9 n; ?% J1 U+ j7 U6 Y, n
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) J1 y- \2 a4 X6 b4 _$ k$ Z
60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ q |4 F3 W, Q0 M6 Y5 O4 I- ]
61. Boycott of social affairs
% C' o% Q9 z* o1 [; `7 B! `, Y* } 62. Student strike. P5 {) J0 q6 i2 j
63. Social disobedience( i! ]5 i" B& T ?# ]
64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 g( u/ a, ~$ T9 \' N
( G1 W6 n7 m) M. G' N1 S# l9 q+ ]
Withdrawal from the Social System4 D+ r. G/ A! I
65. Stay-at-home8 h ?) S8 U& Z: ]
66. Total personal noncooperation
& L* e. X) I7 y( g$ g. a 67. “Flight” of workers" G/ `6 D0 g1 @/ G
68. Sanctuary
0 ^7 E# V3 H x1 o8 V 69. Collective disappearance
* E( ]; S2 D1 _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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Q( u- A8 {6 S; R# @- S
0 J' u* g6 W r% @. k
2 }( m3 Z/ E/ q% aTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 g- v8 w: {" V8 c" h2 M1 z0 D9 ]+ a4 d
4 [* S9 s. J* \
Actions by Consumers- I9 F Q9 R8 C
71. Consumers’ boycott
2 q. j$ E2 d6 J% y: ~$ s' D, ] 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- d- D4 ~" P& }3 ~2 v$ s
73. Policy of austerity
5 t* [5 q7 ]" `; k2 @1 Q 74. Rent withholding
0 g0 p+ h% y+ x- U6 v% q 75. Refusal to rent: X d* j" w0 t1 \7 w `
76. National consumers’ boycott7 ~5 W, H7 X. o- }7 u
77. International consumers’ boycott5 V* X/ ]4 v4 L6 o
% I! u1 p+ k% KAction by Workers and Producers
8 w w( z4 Y1 N9 K 78. Workmen’s boycott
: e) k- o4 g! K9 m! C 79. Producers’ boycott( `6 w8 E0 H' ?+ ~: v
9 c' p* m/ D- \( l
Action by Middlemen
[6 g E2 `7 v) W 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ t& k2 R6 L ~' V* _
+ |' R7 ^3 ?% }% r, \1 kAction by Owners and Management; l& F: {7 G. n3 L
81. Traders’ boycott8 L3 B$ W5 A. z0 n% p- a/ K. c
82. Refusal to let or sell property$ z9 w% i. @ a% Q' F
83. Lockout
0 \4 s/ Y; l+ |& i+ \/ H F8 O7 } 84. Refusal of industrial assistance8 C7 _) d: @" t; a
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ B7 y9 @5 _7 L) _; T
3 C! j: X1 B8 j0 v. e5 l8 R% @. LAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! Y, o( C% R" \% ?6 E 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! [" G: ]0 ?; i6 Z/ \% x2 m1 ]4 p 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
h' |2 g) l- p7 j2 G 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( z9 T8 |7 q$ [5 b; S
89. Severance of funds and credit. b5 F2 d( U2 l: t9 A% R
90. Revenue refusal9 O1 z6 V4 e6 n. I" ?
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 g+ A3 \8 Y6 L5 U$ |* I& Z) O( T& }: {& L
Action by Governments
5 g* [! s+ p' p" C [* ? y, u 92. Domestic embargo2 F$ V: h+ f/ [2 C! B
93. Blacklisting of traders
7 ^8 d# T9 I; ? ~! J+ K0 P9 T 94. International sellers’ embargo
1 a9 y* ^2 s1 ^: N# Z0 h 95. International buyers’ embargo
/ L) B- }4 R( K s$ I 96. International trade embargo1 ?+ H# I+ r+ d ]% `, A0 I& {9 \
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5 n1 Y* z& g' i6 o% K9 E9 e; h
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! c+ |# @5 {& I+ u
% y# I" U/ r, d9 Z " h/ G0 _" y! V4 o
Symbolic Strikes+ M3 y) j1 s' E) q& i) c; c: J9 d
97. Protest strike" d: v4 K* _! q! P0 G9 l! _1 Q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 R2 q& p$ t. ^* Q0 G
9 U+ H( L: k* i8 @2 B( Q1 sAgricultural Strikes: K! v4 y6 O5 H5 {* M$ ?3 y
99. Peasant strike
6 z! m8 r. u' P. r+ ` 100. Farm Workers’ strike
! A" {/ C8 y6 C
4 e9 w+ h1 j7 vStrikes by Special Groups6 d* o/ P3 B% ]) j, [# g
101. Refusal of impressed labor$ q1 F3 p" o# L( H( N
102. Prisoners’ strike
, n% ?7 Z2 l4 O- d 103. Craft strike
; {, D$ X- r+ K3 ~1 ` 104. Professional strike
: t2 u0 K3 [# ]; s8 ? A; R1 Z; w' K
Ordinary Industrial Strikes# q4 _/ g8 p' ~& i
105. Establishment strike
* M# B5 I& i, M 106. Industry strike
; e/ {% E6 L, ]' l' r& G3 w 107. Sympathetic strike
% G5 _& G% V2 |& e
4 U7 Y) k5 t/ d( i' `! O% G# jRestricted Strikes
/ s. J R) Y& {) o& T" e 108. Detailed strike9 n, ]/ ^. ], R/ J3 @
109. Bumper strike5 L; t! D, Q1 J$ N) ^) ?7 ?* x2 Y
110. Slowdown strike
/ Z' M: p! h8 `4 _# w( l$ d 111. Working-to-rule strike
S5 I! Z: \% z6 Z8 P0 l8 M7 {* D 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ a, N6 x& n/ \+ V
113. Strike by resignation; o( s2 ~# [5 K) |2 N$ g2 q; V' ]8 _
114. Limited strike
2 M7 @ t I9 u 115. Selective strike, | K$ l& x8 [% X) y
0 e0 B8 s4 i+ u' d5 `
Multi-Industry Strikes1 ^: F `& I+ `' j8 R: s$ i
2 V0 P' o$ `3 N" | 116. Generalized strike6 N$ \3 l6 k2 l* U% g5 I& a
( V- ~& o4 L! F4 n9 Z% m
117. General strike. M% ^, Q+ I$ w- z: z- F
; u) `3 a' Z7 i7 p4 dCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 M5 G: G ^1 B. z
# j/ c% E8 D3 e0 E8 }2 O2 b8 G
118. Hartal
- a! p5 A1 m, N* \
5 R V4 V5 X- D' [3 q 119. Economic shutdown* y# ^! {+ x: o
* v$ Z* N# {% m9 k) w! y
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& J" T) W: t. F+ ?: h. E
9 [6 x+ U; C- O$ z4 e4 t+ T( b
* J1 Z8 U0 j0 f0 rRejection of Authority% M p2 I: K8 D
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 S# Z, ]; W" S+ W3 S/ _$ C 121. Refusal of public support- ~# F2 ?: j3 y: O
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
/ V4 D& R5 u% x' E" }/ ?; a) V: Y/ b* S+ g: j" J
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government( u' X2 |+ }) l5 M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 ^/ D7 G1 { t. G+ ?
124. Boycott of elections
7 ?6 |* c, Q$ M" w$ Y- W5 |- v: p6 _9 y 125. Boycott of government employment and positions& u$ o, q4 G/ u3 @
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 k/ X+ x, X) c 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& g6 l+ s( l4 z1 X& a: t7 { 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations2 g4 J0 m/ l: a9 r
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 k+ Y4 ~ U: E: Z o( T 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 D7 |! Q+ x# k* I/ x, [. w2 ~% V! d
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; v9 c4 t( {& ?- g
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! ] l s9 m; A. g
' ]$ \ q G) S1 LCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" y, A9 w" O8 Y9 Q5 O 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 }8 K7 t5 n/ s0 Z0 {/ K3 O 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; k! j% T' N) B. t6 x/ j
135. Popular nonobedience
3 C) M6 F7 a4 b 136. Disguised disobedience2 w* a# ^, o' v1 b( F
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 a4 v2 n! b" V# e
138. Sitdown
6 H" n4 P4 P, M; x4 K/ F' Q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* r$ N, y- t3 | 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
: R/ X# w9 x* z# Y( v 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, q f# s# d! Q# Z9 Q" {4 o
9 f* V3 @9 s- q: ?5 h" B
Action by Government Personnel* O# L6 b. e5 S& A6 O" \
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! }3 p5 C, A* s0 c 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) H3 ^: w: t; K; u' {" m 144. Stalling and obstruction9 W5 a1 x3 J5 f8 e$ {
145. General administrative noncooperation0 Q2 @% W8 E! r! Z
. Q# D( y8 t, u, @ 146. Judicial noncooperation
6 H% o! l$ U2 A3 C 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" M5 }4 Y" \- Y
148. Mutiny
/ ~" O$ M: P" W+ |+ e' e* ]0 k0 |Domestic Governmental Action2 W( p9 X2 ~1 \3 ?- G4 L
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) G4 r* n9 `1 @1 L0 P$ Y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 P& @/ u" d% Z9 o) t
/ l% l0 T1 C1 g, u) K/ [: A0 lInternational Governmental Action/ F1 n- S, b6 z g
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations; {1 I2 N& @$ a: z# d Q5 K/ j: `
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; a! Q7 L/ x& l. e5 _8 t R 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 Y; G: N7 n3 \( a4 u 154. Severance of diplomatic relations* Q9 T. k' d, k; }- l/ V
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% ]# }8 ~0 j8 } 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) ~. e. A2 h( g& h- L$ r# z
157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 p& G1 J7 d% J4 |, g M) T3 W3 n9 L" z1 d
7 |9 F7 d5 r! d4 H0 Q1 O- {+ }
' I5 @+ I/ d' b( wTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
% O' k3 Y; ` a( v& C6 \. u* y: C$ k. v0 A: S
# m* {& a# b& W" z' s9 Y. FPsychological Intervention) O! V0 H$ \3 e( s
158. Self-exposure to the elements' H' H; r$ O+ k
159. The fast
( i6 z* I& Q7 B! ]1 g1 J3 k a) Fast of moral pressure
/ p8 Z* I, E: e b) Hunger strike' Y+ ~- n" R8 `7 X' y
c) Satyagrahic fast
. p \2 e* U8 I1 l0 a. @ 160. Reverse trial" k0 _) _" t. j+ u& n
161. Nonviolent harassment; m& m7 B7 T/ }! e! o+ _* O z
$ f4 j9 Y+ `; [' H: j! O5 T
Physical Intervention
x! x) P7 H9 L* ~7 i! G) C5 R 162. Sit-in4 s* M Q. D1 F$ i
163. Stand-in
' ~) s3 C) f2 c. P( O& v 164. Ride-in9 I( l3 O& M/ b2 k# ^, L; a& x$ Q
165. Wade-in9 |; u+ }% D; s5 G
166. Mill-in
/ [4 x# ?+ A% d( c. E/ V 167. Pray-in
5 K: K- c& u% f# Y3 ?& ]4 _! E, Z 168. Nonviolent raids; U4 O: i' C }0 @) y @8 ~
169. Nonviolent air raids9 M# ?" E' X$ V* U8 p# U' l2 I
170. Nonviolent invasion' y- q; j; D" Y) C l" [0 D
171. Nonviolent interjection
! Q; B+ z4 a5 ^0 P1 a! a5 q 172. Nonviolent obstruction6 q8 `3 L ~& z/ E- Y% B% z) z6 B" A
173. Nonviolent occupation
: F) m0 y- J- R+ ~- p3 z/ S6 O. e' J: f4 K# N% y" @
Social Intervention
/ X+ k2 K3 w* J& u0 R 174. Establishing new social patterns# B- ~2 X: d; t8 z& x) E
175. Overloading of facilities
. A( P3 r! [" M# {3 ? 176. Stall-in
5 i! S4 p6 k4 B; o& ~ 177. Speak-in
0 j& b c* P' p/ e! H 178. Guerrilla theater
G6 t4 Z- w6 c- w1 K, ?* T' E 179. Alternative social institutions
, v. k5 i l( e9 ], C$ D5 Q4 o) P 180. Alternative communication system5 H [; U5 ^' ? N9 i
4 v- X& `2 M* x
Economic Intervention
/ a4 q3 O1 A1 [; A( o+ B8 m 181. Reverse strike
: \1 [+ W" H! u: g3 m 182. Stay-in strike
$ b3 o2 I. Q! Z 183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 r/ A! p! {6 [, [1 @ 184. Defiance of blockades+ Z# |* I2 j' @# q8 s$ X9 z, m
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 g8 H4 S: h' y- u; K/ ?0 \
186. Preclusive purchasing0 M" o- G |3 R+ r3 [: H6 R9 k
187. Seizure of assets5 o3 D# o6 _0 c0 H; \% a% y4 z
188. Dumping4 p' ~% `7 M( n! u8 N" ^: {
189. Selective patronage
) s8 w1 W! k$ Y0 f$ o G 190. Alternative markets
- j- g5 g! Z0 m 191. Alternative transportation systems1 w8 U3 U. G* t
192. Alternative economic institutions# U6 N0 W5 Q0 A# j+ F! K" ^
$ G3 `* K4 u/ r' c) o5 I) ]
Political Intervention
# q# w5 V$ @$ g6 a1 K% j 193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ y/ @. Z; j9 B# {) m& e 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 b: E6 i9 }1 P9 Y+ H% e 195. Seeking imprisonment6 ?: _7 X1 z p4 X
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! ^- K, m6 M' @
197. Work-on without collaboration
3 l0 ^" _# _% G( i8 y) l+ g- C 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
