 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; r/ k. R9 d& e+ O+ E {* o
Formal Statements
$ k8 H6 o' {4 J) P2 i 1. Public Speeches' |1 E" `5 {% f# I& B" j* X# u) k
2. Letters of opposition or support t6 V: o! B! ]! S/ K8 }: @
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 _, v" J. w' v# }* B& h
4. Signed public statements
4 v3 e$ ^2 C) c. J+ l ]" x6 R5 f 5. Declarations of indictment and intention. M5 q* Z/ M) G: i, F" C3 u
6. Group or mass petitions# H4 K/ M8 [! T# Z& T6 l. ]+ L
& Y6 ?0 _1 K+ D& t' o8 M, l
Communications with a Wider Audience; A1 _1 g0 [5 n) C! C6 C
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* S7 y+ g, c8 x+ x5 q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 L8 z5 x2 R. q. D! F. c
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books/ ~$ W- q& J9 c
10. Newspapers and journals9 _4 `% \% W( ?) W9 j0 v7 t
11. Records, radio, and television
4 g( _+ W) X/ T+ o5 O 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
5 L! e+ z1 \0 J0 l' q2 O; J$ H. D$ |/ \* H8 ~( D2 a
Group Representations9 U9 F9 t: v4 ]5 n9 D2 i' M. M
13. Deputations
; n2 x; d, v2 Y: U6 E! Y5 F 14. Mock awards( T' q/ S2 ` U: E
15. Group lobbying) g2 B8 s( r8 }* f( i# s$ {
16. Picketing, s' b7 {3 o4 w3 I7 ~
17. Mock elections
" w6 X6 n" z8 y0 |$ _7 W* F5 [ }2 ^0 \. N; q
Symbolic Public Acts Y1 Q9 d3 R7 t) C
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ V% {4 l; J# g$ a! E2 z3 e& ^5 m3 ^
19. Wearing of symbols
! P8 y1 i/ X5 } 20. Prayer and worship
9 [- y* H( H& m 21. Delivering symbolic objects
' u& e7 p" S4 Z5 G. k, Y3 f& J3 b 22. Protest disrobings
" }% ?1 ^+ W, X2 V5 \ 23. Destruction of own property
( v7 N6 }5 L, U, U) G 24. Symbolic lights
) s3 { S. \8 i* |, k 25. Displays of portraits
5 a$ `8 o8 n+ D4 G 26. Paint as protest
2 P5 Y. X! D5 I" \: X$ Z: t- m 27. New signs and names, k2 s& w3 Q! q. J# | F3 d! h
28. Symbolic sounds
. _' Y3 H! e8 N( Z, o2 k 29. Symbolic reclamations
2 l/ w/ U9 `+ c' q% m: Z& s 30. Rude gestures
5 w- K o) U e- Q$ c, [) y1 e9 H; U* f+ H2 `5 _$ f) m
Pressures on Individuals
: a: e, A7 Z" @: b 31. “Haunting” officials9 Q) X' G! L4 Q/ K8 g1 Z
32. Taunting officials
% [5 ~6 w3 E: E: e( w5 m" m0 ? 33. Fraternization9 x0 V2 ?0 Z, W2 ?& @8 {
34. Vigils
+ G- c8 o$ k0 v
0 p. H0 V4 ]0 ?6 ?# sDrama and Music; r; V* j; G( o9 D, r% ?! k* V8 |
35. Humorous skits and pranks
( R+ _7 h3 { C4 Y: G3 j% | 36. Performances of plays and music8 C( W- Y& D# S
37. Singing
0 n# \' e& m$ T; ?, B" ?( E
0 j: F8 A9 `) T$ ~# b ]& a( o* tProcessions
$ S& a5 h+ C e 38. Marches3 G! y2 r% [+ m
39. Parades
% x+ a( Z6 D9 ?3 O1 n 40. Religious processions: i. y/ }) I! N( p
41. Pilgrimages
. K" [' d; C/ f7 x 42. Motorcades
$ w7 B6 c" n" u2 C; b! z+ D! R9 k
Honoring the Dead
( x# T3 n& L4 l, a; Y 43. Political mourning
7 q3 }6 F5 x' l& h) R# v 44. Mock funerals8 l8 Z' f9 m* q5 B' i2 ?9 u- p
45. Demonstrative funerals3 z8 i( V& D7 a7 l; f
46. Homage at burial places
2 P& q% j% G% L5 T& w0 u: k5 G* U2 Q" V" u' L3 c6 R' C* A) a
Public Assemblies7 F6 U9 g+ ^' w m
47. Assemblies of protest or support. e; O- P: {# V0 e' ^- `
48. Protest meetings- I/ A7 D% p2 R# D! P* {- u+ t" A
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) X3 x9 V- x# X* R6 j4 j1 L! T 50. Teach-ins. V5 _/ X' p1 h
0 z7 R7 g) R, G, w% x, R+ M
Withdrawal and Renunciation7 u p5 L: ]- H' n6 v& S
51. Walk-outs& J4 u* r+ i! Q
52. Silence
6 J. a* L8 L3 T4 v 53. Renouncing honors
6 {+ c& H* f3 d5 M2 J/ x 54. Turning one’s back% r( H- m' u7 \# R) }8 Y8 ^
. U+ S& ~9 ?+ _& [. m7 n: h5 N; O- [
7 Q3 C! E2 U. u- v; q- D" x* U1 H+ A3 d+ G8 m
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
. v( l7 X8 M+ H* F/ p, u1 Y" o! P, M9 x+ Y# }& k' C6 D
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Ostracism of Persons
* o0 R! b8 o; p 55. Social boycott
1 o+ y2 c" ?4 z/ S; A; E 56. Selective social boycott. N* o+ s' U3 H( ] s
57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 r6 Y* Z9 n- R/ Y( K- U 58. Excommunication( l9 @/ B! c, z/ a
59. Interdict
3 q6 ^2 ]3 t( Z7 W) i
2 {9 ^8 h7 s( M7 L0 X% l% UNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 c5 G) v8 |; N- [0 K8 ` 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; X: j( [# T/ g/ e. v 61. Boycott of social affairs7 Y0 s7 y4 A5 E+ D
62. Student strike( y& Q) ?; r, U* V7 g- ^
63. Social disobedience
; h- I/ ~. Z4 k: r- | 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System
* b3 t% J& @, N x4 t 65. Stay-at-home+ O. L! h& Y7 l* z1 n( p
66. Total personal noncooperation4 Z, a. J2 K: {$ D/ Y0 y( p
67. “Flight” of workers- I5 g' q3 q% f$ \+ s' f7 q' F9 |
68. Sanctuary! }2 D* M3 U% W3 q: y8 ~# ~
69. Collective disappearance
; o' V. }- E* f# Z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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. T# F/ {$ s8 Y- c0 R: n+ ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( `9 W+ @5 y& ]/ G1 }3 Z1 U. q
! Q+ z$ i5 c# d, y$ L. \% d # a, h! E% Z" h* }) s4 b
Actions by Consumers
' e5 @$ U+ j) `; [% z' M 71. Consumers’ boycott
( W1 }1 B, ~: a 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ _0 P) @( Q+ O! {# J" ?, r$ H
73. Policy of austerity
2 o/ ?( o; ?- n 74. Rent withholding
/ y; M J/ z. n' | 75. Refusal to rent# M T5 ]& m, n- _ G# W+ Y! k m
76. National consumers’ boycott
2 v* w$ H. a) i* i 77. International consumers’ boycott
1 }8 e0 ^4 D6 e7 J0 i4 i$ K) m, {! b2 s: q
Action by Workers and Producers
5 h& }5 ]0 n6 H I6 z 78. Workmen’s boycott
# p0 m8 a. W- g/ r3 U& S7 [" j% k) Q* j 79. Producers’ boycott
1 E; w F% }4 p* t( {* b2 |. i5 X6 a% r& X$ C. I) o1 I
Action by Middlemen2 C8 V6 Q# t1 k( g
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 Z$ @! D' z4 W* m- k6 \# r4 P
+ B/ h2 N( n5 I1 G3 S1 X1 o& U$ VAction by Owners and Management
: n5 P6 y& ]- H 81. Traders’ boycott5 {. h! [. w5 M/ h2 B
82. Refusal to let or sell property- r, x0 G" @/ |1 _: d) M- h
83. Lockout
# n0 I1 q& Q1 _+ v 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 b6 |, F& ^' n! k 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
% I1 K$ |2 m! [" U
" y- n. O5 |6 D4 [Action by Holders of Financial Resources7 `- `2 O- J; U% }* q
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 E6 Z8 \6 @9 h
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 o7 W+ n8 E- d& }. v
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest; O; o6 j3 T/ N' \# R
89. Severance of funds and credit
; b' I. d5 h6 ]9 Q& f# w: s1 B- g0 b 90. Revenue refusal
* K' M6 o7 j, J5 R5 m1 } 91. Refusal of a government’s money: b$ |5 e1 ?1 B/ x' L1 W& y' M
2 I/ i6 y& Q# N) f. q. F# nAction by Governments
( D1 m$ n, g# P# I 92. Domestic embargo
* G, w9 W* C" G 93. Blacklisting of traders- h1 H6 Y. }- r* ^% x+ K- Z5 N
94. International sellers’ embargo
9 \. h& X5 Q6 W% y P: n5 i 95. International buyers’ embargo2 N$ n" B- D) {" ]$ W: M
96. International trade embargo
% V9 ~+ K: U$ {# r8 s7 d( _2 ^: n4 @4 p4 e+ y/ U* M1 X
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. Q8 Z7 C% v; F+ ~ ^# `5 k1 pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE* h3 M: H' v: Y
8 B4 ?! q- n. R# U 6 I( f" l% ^4 G5 j. y( ^' H: v; T' i
Symbolic Strikes
9 Y7 e% N2 n( \2 n# z7 s- [ 97. Protest strike) [, u; B2 x# s! l" d4 b8 _ f
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 Q x4 j) X+ f- I
$ ~( H1 s, o6 B9 x3 v# Q. KAgricultural Strikes
' q2 `! O: i: A: U4 B/ B2 N% f 99. Peasant strike
. z* x2 d; j; s8 U 100. Farm Workers’ strike) d+ N0 f+ F& }' S. x( q
0 @5 t e, M# I g o- DStrikes by Special Groups
- r6 b1 C. v8 p3 H6 q; l 101. Refusal of impressed labor# K2 x- O5 k) O7 k
102. Prisoners’ strike
# V' k- V& L# }- [ 103. Craft strike* F6 i8 v; L5 A [
104. Professional strike
6 s& X$ x' e2 Z8 f9 Q- n9 `7 ]/ h
Ordinary Industrial Strikes- S0 i* B+ e3 h+ C G9 H
105. Establishment strike! M4 R7 M: { R f/ r
106. Industry strike
/ t( }# G0 @; C5 b 107. Sympathetic strike; S5 @2 ]# U9 E B4 ?, |
; ^- @. i' k6 M v1 j4 P4 k
Restricted Strikes
/ y7 n0 S% y6 {- D% |1 Q 108. Detailed strike
e) k t3 ?# R4 I, n0 S 109. Bumper strike
) j3 h; w0 N: U' s; ^+ t( T2 {1 W9 U" Z 110. Slowdown strike
1 j7 a, u% V R; T- |1 e 111. Working-to-rule strike0 @3 s: O: Q% Y, J
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 j( ^" f& N6 _0 P& F" G# Y
113. Strike by resignation* i5 X% E/ c" B& w7 |
114. Limited strike
! L9 A* B5 j$ E: j- C. u+ i# |8 t 115. Selective strike5 a; h* P. `7 x+ E& o7 a( C
4 S. U$ }+ l2 \( t J( z" J
Multi-Industry Strikes
- I2 \- J# J7 f) N& Y4 P+ H; i9 o
# _9 x4 l7 t+ u+ X3 N. E, q 116. Generalized strike6 q/ B0 \9 Q1 t5 [" l9 x5 c
3 T) n( A$ g( g1 ?, z" p$ k9 d/ Z, t
117. General strike4 p) C8 Y) \' {6 ~2 V9 y: S
4 V% W3 y1 U5 z1 a; F
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal7 o1 |4 ?) @; j2 [
1 _% C5 J4 ]8 u7 ^5 Y3 `
119. Economic shutdown
2 V( y, [# p0 A, ?! U5 q5 }0 d+ }9 z. ^6 s* }6 W. R' D! C8 R
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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" l, Z, _2 ]6 v) ORejection of Authority
6 a u8 H" h$ J7 a) Q( S% I 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& C# L* d" w% J6 {% y0 M
121. Refusal of public support
: l$ X$ p; F# Y# t1 k0 | 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- @: m, h& ]$ N% G$ ]
7 u, S/ L L3 F @ D7 u
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! Z V/ H2 b/ I$ P* ~ i" r# Y
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ m6 {( ], n) L9 ~: B
124. Boycott of elections, c- Q# L/ p( L* p9 `' R
125. Boycott of government employment and positions: L7 I1 @. Q, b1 N$ i3 v8 W
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 L5 N' s5 r* I5 u; _7 u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 A( d! H. m/ b7 h* u 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
\0 Q* c$ n) q v$ q, h 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! t6 n# m7 N5 C: D+ U/ _ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! K4 m! E0 H& n: M9 _
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials% V. q* S1 \9 H) t: X: l3 @6 V8 r
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* o `" D8 k6 [% [7 Q
& ^" \% W) Q, H
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' \8 i3 K/ ]3 R& U* i# t 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 a0 B$ ]1 }5 l A! ` 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ r# C4 V# i8 N8 r1 V
135. Popular nonobedience
+ Q& z" c5 ^8 l' K5 ?) f8 D 136. Disguised disobedience
k" }8 Z3 p- g, h 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse; ?7 ?4 M; X* ?; G
138. Sitdown, o0 D0 S' v/ a, \. d$ l
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! q( b' n# m" \# o* ` 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' D. V: m; z P; Y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
* B5 G1 l! S/ C% J1 H* t' [ i9 k: B1 i
Action by Government Personnel
5 x0 n$ f) Y$ h 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ c! d. [% `7 l' i: |
143. Blocking of lines of command and information" j: d7 R' b5 @" O7 ~- g& B' |
144. Stalling and obstruction2 {8 |1 h) ?" g' c. s4 u
145. General administrative noncooperation) I* O, j; p9 _, ^) E2 J
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146. Judicial noncooperation
1 o& s: i! x" x 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 b) ]/ u, q6 x v# q( m 148. Mutiny
8 f1 l7 e: x% r8 n3 XDomestic Governmental Action
* f4 z7 e t' `/ F 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 n- h. M9 A2 ~( j) Y1 K& [) A! g' a 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 S4 Z% p/ E9 g" C5 a$ E
2 _- N1 g% ~9 z, j) ]2 o0 k' B
International Governmental Action
- L9 E8 E* P! H- Z+ p8 _( ?5 D 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 Y& o- U3 \1 t6 |: c 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 ?- Y! `/ f, ]! V) g
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 Z+ V1 ?3 L: T/ Q
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* S9 E, ~0 @5 ^% c) e) b% C4 S 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- k. u: [* @4 Q& B' q% v/ T* a8 ]% i 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; D. ~ e" L; h! ^" H2 S 157. Expulsion from international organizations) ?5 B" k3 P9 \' v; p1 R4 d
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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7 e4 n* m% U; U: t+ t( q' d* U9 ~4 s5 h * r r9 N2 ]' B* P- }( n& c
Psychological Intervention
) G% M/ n) n( h2 j; L6 V: S 158. Self-exposure to the elements+ F( E# H1 A. i9 S- Z2 K4 E
159. The fast
- D2 Q ]4 a, I8 ?& m) ~' G a) Fast of moral pressure
* P0 n" o9 v' r- Y) @7 p b) Hunger strike
& x1 ?, ~- v. E c) Satyagrahic fast
* T, G! H# ^+ T& E5 z5 u% o 160. Reverse trial
& z; Q1 ^# z" o. N 161. Nonviolent harassment0 s# l( s2 J, B( f1 a
8 X9 y6 k, P5 P
Physical Intervention
& L$ |1 v9 f& b 162. Sit-in4 z' e( r% I5 B& B C. ~( T
163. Stand-in4 W5 e1 z6 f+ x( v, Z2 P& m. I
164. Ride-in: c0 w$ i) Y( W+ P
165. Wade-in
9 k8 J( k0 n+ Q& s2 U3 U 166. Mill-in
0 |: X h4 P3 q& |9 J0 u. }; G 167. Pray-in
% n' X2 `; Q' M 168. Nonviolent raids
' N" w: F! a) p: n. `# a 169. Nonviolent air raids
* v5 @& S; K b 170. Nonviolent invasion/ n" A( _! ?% t. u4 t) A! ^7 b8 G
171. Nonviolent interjection1 O+ p. I, H$ \# _7 U
172. Nonviolent obstruction
% s& H4 d$ g9 m: A 173. Nonviolent occupation: _' {& ^& k( F6 g0 \% L
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Social Intervention/ I9 J$ N& D2 Z4 V `5 t$ s, o$ E
174. Establishing new social patterns+ [0 |" V) F: Y2 B, B3 w
175. Overloading of facilities
5 r Q1 n7 `' G) {3 a 176. Stall-in
1 x- G- v( [2 L* B7 @1 ~8 i2 ? 177. Speak-in
4 ?! j: P( J7 R& Y 178. Guerrilla theater* g% \/ B' E) \& ~3 `! ~( |
179. Alternative social institutions
?7 d8 t& L2 F& m* T' _! Z$ h 180. Alternative communication system. v' F9 X5 [( I4 C3 R
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Economic Intervention
; ]2 s9 ^$ p& o% L 181. Reverse strike* w# U% M, `9 m1 C
182. Stay-in strike) L1 h8 S& W# j4 K: V, Z2 R
183. Nonviolent land seizure' Y4 F( b( ^$ |/ d0 p
184. Defiance of blockades
; D3 M% s. I3 P+ Y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& y6 U/ V- I$ u. U; P1 H 186. Preclusive purchasing5 y$ ~$ p$ J" \; @# ^! m0 i# h
187. Seizure of assets, i! c5 _. p8 c
188. Dumping& D% |9 a; B n$ Z
189. Selective patronage
5 @; ?0 h% V/ s; |* i& c 190. Alternative markets# L9 j% ^8 R+ E2 F: [! l2 f
191. Alternative transportation systems
# Z1 D2 j# h L1 l2 d 192. Alternative economic institutions' |; a4 w& P0 T( H
3 ?* _( X2 W, n" A- ?4 O
Political Intervention4 m" m( B4 i v2 E7 U$ {
193. Overloading of administrative systems
: s, V# d' E$ K6 z) Z/ r8 S 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. N4 Z; N$ N0 z9 o& m* K+ I/ h) H
195. Seeking imprisonment% v# S6 z3 i* }1 S& X; q0 \5 r8 R
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 ]- _6 B* J; V4 Z8 C0 x 197. Work-on without collaboration
5 m1 }3 u1 G% P% B+ C 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' o' ]1 b/ t9 H+ }9 {% c# h
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
