 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- Q9 z: L6 U+ A5 dFormal Statements
9 Z, j" b$ D+ ~, n- n! Z% c' N 1. Public Speeches
2 B' I: ~) j+ [4 d' x) Y 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ m; n8 Y4 A. C5 |, t5 T3 j- j 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ `2 x% F8 W% D4 m, S* v& f8 N
4. Signed public statements# K5 H5 s$ U" M! F5 a
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
" K: w3 k1 z, o r# b5 @# k2 U 6. Group or mass petitions/ v& x5 {4 J+ K, p' {3 g6 _
9 u ~* V( y( }- D, iCommunications with a Wider Audience
0 i* q: P6 {! `! M6 V# B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 f, b$ T; p7 R) f0 A 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 u5 G4 R5 X8 E 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% ^! D' |: B2 c 10. Newspapers and journals. ?6 p9 Q& ]' z, Z- V6 Q
11. Records, radio, and television
+ c w4 Z- A- X/ R% {6 _ I 12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 Z- Q" k1 u& d
4 T: |$ P; ]2 K$ ?Group Representations( c! a P& l! H- p' x" J. t; }: `
13. Deputations
$ T$ J+ [5 i x4 E/ v8 ~4 b 14. Mock awards
! g0 u! ^: T0 E& D/ N4 w* `3 y8 g 15. Group lobbying8 Y' k( x/ T: j$ O# C
16. Picketing2 d' t7 n# ~$ y2 Q
17. Mock elections5 O5 m5 _+ r7 q, D
# Q; y7 X5 C9 {' T! bSymbolic Public Acts
: |6 j# d9 G% Q* p, w I3 a/ x! {- p8 v 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 A* `' S7 S; o. h8 y 19. Wearing of symbols
& R& [* ]' P, a% u& T4 l1 k$ g 20. Prayer and worship+ g* O. J) a. p; h4 n2 W
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 q! j/ |" g1 j
22. Protest disrobings( _' s6 z5 j$ K, Y6 @! O
23. Destruction of own property9 p7 w2 d' F, @+ J b/ d
24. Symbolic lights. S7 [! o, r3 t, K) i* t& ?! F9 v( L
25. Displays of portraits
" u( k1 F1 U" l( e4 z- E1 A& T 26. Paint as protest
7 K# R0 X$ [* |5 q 27. New signs and names, n: V* M: M# M1 I2 K! D1 w
28. Symbolic sounds
1 W+ d3 N" z# _6 S" W5 \7 E% N 29. Symbolic reclamations
% D- l9 n( c7 k3 H+ s) _# b% d. q 30. Rude gestures
! r4 X( r3 [* J9 C4 x0 W% w% s- d
; D* b) P- Q1 `9 m3 m) ~Pressures on Individuals
! Y6 O% t& }3 f 31. “Haunting” officials
e5 u4 y' f! ~. V* o1 u; Q 32. Taunting officials) S4 E0 a8 O0 Q; ]+ l: {7 z! ~; U# F
33. Fraternization3 E! M3 Y& [2 a' ]* e9 @" d* n
34. Vigils# Y) `9 _. {8 Y9 _: m4 z% z
1 {! ^3 o. w# h
Drama and Music
0 y( o7 ^; e/ Y; o) ^ 35. Humorous skits and pranks. b7 ^9 G/ N& D" s' C: m* m
36. Performances of plays and music
: d$ ~2 h2 h. r. H2 c* ]0 a# H 37. Singing8 s2 Q/ e2 @: y$ e9 m' B- L2 O8 d
* y; h X6 `4 m
Processions' U4 \! @! e, {1 g, E
38. Marches. g# i( _8 ~ L4 O1 b8 }
39. Parades4 E$ v+ _3 V$ |8 l% z& p! i
40. Religious processions$ x$ z, a& b. }+ \
41. Pilgrimages
. ?6 s) \. r0 J6 R+ E/ c 42. Motorcades
0 p; \( i8 N/ n1 f7 v
' s3 Z) H: @, f0 u# BHonoring the Dead+ y/ `$ k7 ?( A$ N: \; h
43. Political mourning- ~9 o! v& z9 z& A* o
44. Mock funerals* U' n! k/ x' i3 E2 }" P* p2 q( C; m
45. Demonstrative funerals# N* h8 ` h. E5 a5 q
46. Homage at burial places
4 L! D% n+ i& N6 z& u' _
! g0 u6 V; ]5 Z7 x0 i& KPublic Assemblies
' K" B; W% w1 n- I F" W' h! c i 47. Assemblies of protest or support& W# t& c) Q- } R, K5 Z. C
48. Protest meetings
+ A' [! \) |# H1 J. f% [0 B, Z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 C# u8 H! ]. q( |
50. Teach-ins; N: Z: [' M8 F$ v* e) F
) r: D9 @0 M& Q/ f9 y; m
Withdrawal and Renunciation$ R2 @# D' t" Z. J0 H
51. Walk-outs. r+ i8 o/ z0 c U$ M4 _$ d& |6 @
52. Silence# U" m0 J- W$ N0 `0 d- F
53. Renouncing honors* P' a- e7 n$ l8 O% J" Z
54. Turning one’s back
) V* M% m4 m8 j1 h1 V- L1 X/ P; y( s, e. M4 F
, j! M; e; N! j" G' o
% D" J) n+ Y) }THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ Q+ v/ M* R& ]
" `$ f- [5 S/ s* i$ G+ R( ?
\' [! L8 Q, j1 m. y
; ^. `& {, U" A2 j7 o# XOstracism of Persons
; e8 T. R) r7 u Q8 ^$ J 55. Social boycott
# v, F9 W8 H8 E, D 56. Selective social boycott
. ~( A; }& L- f1 x 57. Lysistratic nonaction# a) u7 I9 G2 J1 w7 C" n
58. Excommunication- Q7 {$ a, @5 z3 H# U
59. Interdict
7 B4 F0 D& }* Y3 v3 j. ~' `7 x6 u
7 c* t- D6 K5 _# |1 nNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 l, C5 E7 \9 q g 60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 f4 V4 o2 N& W& C9 ~+ q
61. Boycott of social affairs
" p7 E) @. q% d. d% c7 G 62. Student strike8 w5 l9 P8 u/ m9 O9 y6 T& U
63. Social disobedience! W, H7 j2 G; V3 R" @8 _. E
64. Withdrawal from social institutions" M) t' z$ K1 m; b. v
$ t7 O8 H) P1 T. l% ]
Withdrawal from the Social System7 G& y) N$ [1 ^2 l {
65. Stay-at-home
6 y( y# z2 V0 K3 R" y7 v* d 66. Total personal noncooperation& x8 d* [! w/ o+ y& u9 O: S" A
67. “Flight” of workers
u3 E& a+ F8 e6 [' Z8 }) b6 M 68. Sanctuary
* j5 t7 J% R6 d7 f" b' M7 E 69. Collective disappearance
' ~+ @, Q) c5 D: g 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% p0 n I D, \0 ^8 n6 s# t
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8 }* Q& r# A) L2 Z( ?$ A v' @
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS% Z# C: L9 E- K; z# p
1 g, D: C: G# b# b& k1 v) t
: R' u$ n* W, I
Actions by Consumers
; A% d# a. @' f( x( w! }! V 71. Consumers’ boycott Y2 K ?. o% S, W, K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: ^$ c* e5 R- W0 C' f- ^5 V! v
73. Policy of austerity
7 C/ Q" d& f& e; ?7 | 74. Rent withholding0 E+ i; y$ F- S o# y; y' [
75. Refusal to rent. Q( r1 u4 [9 I3 O
76. National consumers’ boycott
+ G4 M P; a0 i! g n 77. International consumers’ boycott
! d/ d) W0 J+ w6 S0 k/ b: g
: s+ {# ]. `4 e, OAction by Workers and Producers
+ Y G& C; f# \9 ` 78. Workmen’s boycott
0 g) }; x2 q: H8 I) x, F 79. Producers’ boycott
- g E% [: M+ o: k- W# E
5 E! g6 a4 ?# E4 u6 B& w: wAction by Middlemen
6 {( I1 }9 Y# j 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
- ^1 K, i0 g7 z: G$ f' d
. A! F6 J0 ^/ |# P! A3 b9 a8 HAction by Owners and Management$ v4 u- y. ^3 O" i" D, v R
81. Traders’ boycott7 X: P0 \1 Q+ f& [
82. Refusal to let or sell property
) e3 N/ @1 Z0 W; z& P 83. Lockout* j7 E8 Y" h. j8 }" ^, R$ Q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance# U6 ]! B9 {5 Y+ {# S4 ~
85. Merchants’ “general strike”. |9 W1 Z$ ~2 l# w% M
/ V- R; I+ ?+ i- @( d
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
5 X, M) q+ |# a. b4 L9 A6 [1 w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% n9 z* H& X+ B' [5 j% q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( i" M9 A+ A$ M6 i* Z: |7 B
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
' _* f# y* S# Q( s 89. Severance of funds and credit
* l+ m0 t$ U% B( E3 v% P 90. Revenue refusal/ m. W `3 q H9 F: ~
91. Refusal of a government’s money- ]6 O+ q p- M' ~; }( [$ ~# \
7 y$ b, m/ \6 @' M, `# [
Action by Governments
Z( D- ]5 [2 x' M1 T# x9 r) ^ 92. Domestic embargo% Y; W: p) c+ y, F' ^) @
93. Blacklisting of traders! l. p, Y1 v- k" O/ }
94. International sellers’ embargo& `0 M* l+ }7 f2 W! h9 N2 U
95. International buyers’ embargo0 ^% T. L, Z6 \7 C9 @
96. International trade embargo
- {$ Q6 G" l+ e3 ~$ K; F4 S6 t: V F' X+ ~8 l
$ c) W1 |( a4 f& }( c$ v9 H) O/ \' \
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 w1 I. L% n) M6 _- u* g
6 d4 f: a3 I2 I- P5 N
) a. U+ z7 x$ J2 u& n- v3 LSymbolic Strikes f4 J8 h& s8 \; H
97. Protest strike# j* l& ?: {6 p* K7 Q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 q5 Z- z, g/ {/ D7 ]
: n! a4 T7 ^; V6 `5 G6 dAgricultural Strikes+ ^ C l4 J/ j6 M$ m% K
99. Peasant strike
1 ^ }/ |" B" y2 R3 ^7 m 100. Farm Workers’ strike
; U* j* D. a. {) f$ d5 C# V1 Q' R8 R* Q, Y- \1 |2 o7 d" n
Strikes by Special Groups6 k5 R% c: S: a3 c" Q
101. Refusal of impressed labor3 o/ W- j% m% j! D
102. Prisoners’ strike
+ T) f% {$ e- s6 o5 \ 103. Craft strike- i% n" h& {+ v- a j% [
104. Professional strike
+ ?. q: V! b6 K8 [1 T S
. n H9 R& ]# x# m9 \Ordinary Industrial Strikes
0 u3 l7 N d3 P& L, b- _: J; [2 U! q: ] 105. Establishment strike
6 w6 X& b* |& e 106. Industry strike2 b" @6 H' @6 _5 G1 j* y9 \
107. Sympathetic strike& O3 p6 _5 l7 C# I0 p
+ D. k8 { n+ n3 b6 IRestricted Strikes- P3 h4 Q( c) ^) W/ e
108. Detailed strike
/ e* B4 q$ K% z4 i/ u9 p! ` 109. Bumper strike
: Y; b3 N# \% |! N 110. Slowdown strike9 W9 V4 L$ O" n
111. Working-to-rule strike
0 S- Q! ^( f, y5 B, E( m$ J 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 b9 ]1 i/ T$ V: Y# g1 t) P 113. Strike by resignation
. ` W8 [/ @6 K0 D7 L 114. Limited strike
) Q0 c' D" z, l' w7 e" J8 H% P 115. Selective strike1 z6 I, \2 W( C- ]. d g
3 L e2 M7 ~; E, \Multi-Industry Strikes$ M" e1 s1 d7 `6 y) I# C/ L5 S
: T! P2 R9 f7 T/ \. K
116. Generalized strike6 [, q8 _5 {) k3 p: P
6 x/ M0 K: F1 Z3 e: H/ ? 117. General strike5 y o6 C6 {! g5 s2 I6 Q) I6 p
8 S8 @: }% Y4 T# x+ pCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures/ F4 z6 f9 y+ N# K
9 ?! p6 B* r- r& k 118. Hartal
1 \) J/ R4 t' ~+ I. c1 B2 ^: M" n2 Y X" i# F7 W
119. Economic shutdown' ~* _: Z: f& }7 n# [* p
1 h& e4 V4 j o* v ! Q6 r6 c- ^, L: e+ G$ v' @5 A
Q# Y$ O# D% j& DTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION+ }; R- ~% C j7 G7 P2 Q- z% Y
6 I. C7 k' s7 _ M7 R6 L
% {; ~) D1 E2 p7 r& y/ jRejection of Authority9 I( Y- X) T+ p: R
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, G5 n1 @' X9 I" Q& I
121. Refusal of public support
/ D1 }0 `: ^6 D' @# | 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; p: e3 O( w4 n7 S2 {- P
" f. a& Z' b! ]0 o8 y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government- P, W: v9 D1 h
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 { O8 U1 s4 q" j 124. Boycott of elections( M1 p% g4 _3 T
125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ V# {5 Q, d( o& U/ \4 S& y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 O4 I e6 m% l/ w% z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
w: B6 k" y& { R" S" [ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 [# R a( P9 e# }, O2 I6 q
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents! ~$ R/ T) T. H+ M# ~
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 O! \; h" ~) ]4 ]) B% G2 u
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
" I5 y4 y Q H9 v0 x 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 q! k3 s. ~0 ~0 Z, G
+ k6 m4 i6 o7 YCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' z7 r! N& R( d! E
133. Reluctant and slow compliance C+ r) t; a) B$ L9 }. ]& [
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 G# v# n( L5 X+ O
135. Popular nonobedience
, q$ J& P' N7 y6 Q& ^: H3 w 136. Disguised disobedience
7 ~- \4 u* C1 d! ~6 R3 c( L3 ` 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 f& \6 j3 d" L; Q3 |9 t" w 138. Sitdown5 z2 m6 \! p0 `. ~& M& H' B
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 S& R# {% a" L+ E
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% K. L T& e' s
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# U2 h3 S% f5 n* G& ^+ W% n
" R$ ^% A) [- L, `' t. wAction by Government Personnel
3 v: t9 ]# k7 x. _9 F" w 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' g1 E" S" E/ z/ s/ I+ q$ w 143. Blocking of lines of command and information& T4 T" o0 Q3 c" O4 n
144. Stalling and obstruction
" v- k f% n( P" h 145. General administrative noncooperation( x; T# v( c. o: x# L1 N+ t$ F; x
) o/ E1 D3 C7 ^" w$ k# U 146. Judicial noncooperation( u% g4 r0 m" q; d m: V" M3 G
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! |4 o0 q) r4 X' B9 k
148. Mutiny
/ x' I+ f$ ~, [* R& vDomestic Governmental Action R, j5 Z) r0 {2 x
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 d# c- z6 ~" `: p" F# E 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
, P6 c- \! K6 g5 e$ i) A( I5 g) S; B% L; R3 N
International Governmental Action3 i: C/ h/ V4 N8 F# J J8 Z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" F3 h2 ^6 F5 Y4 l8 f+ b/ r 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" h V6 E' Z( Y 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: ~+ p) y2 D6 D/ p. F0 i2 w+ `
154. Severance of diplomatic relations6 J% T6 x$ s3 k6 ^- K' z# F
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ h5 N% }- L7 U! B1 m 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( \. O' E& j' `# a7 j 157. Expulsion from international organizations
, k/ ?3 h5 j7 T4 A3 T( S2 i: b; ]4 Z
]1 U, t1 K4 e+ U- a& t' I1 f4 Q( o. c5 p: U5 g3 Z! j! _2 D
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& g1 L" k; r3 u" H
! H7 ?! _7 M& W
) K# J: G1 [+ `& `3 z- tPsychological Intervention
; `& a" e4 p5 v, { 158. Self-exposure to the elements$ a5 n: q! h ~& i, y
159. The fast
. I$ ^* \1 K2 j, j a) Fast of moral pressure
6 ~1 S5 O* U, B9 i* a9 G% \ b) Hunger strike7 ?, N; K% k% N3 I3 H1 I9 a! L/ U
c) Satyagrahic fast
- x; V' e( h s& } 160. Reverse trial, X2 P: s0 ?. _5 `
161. Nonviolent harassment
0 O" r1 B/ @. m2 X: ]% W: e! [7 }
Physical Intervention' P. l1 X2 _( ?! R, F/ j
162. Sit-in
$ T5 e, w1 l. X7 G* w0 ~1 f 163. Stand-in9 ^# q9 k/ ]1 U4 ?3 r9 C& A* u2 ]
164. Ride-in
8 U9 x. J9 y4 N( f3 ^5 v+ K 165. Wade-in
9 e/ s" `9 C" r+ c& f( X7 | 166. Mill-in( \1 h6 |7 J$ H
167. Pray-in( E q3 O+ g7 Z% Y
168. Nonviolent raids
, K" n3 ?8 V. G* ?" ?0 t" O6 E( n 169. Nonviolent air raids
% l. Q! T) l7 d% J* y% f2 q3 o! Q 170. Nonviolent invasion
2 f* }) B8 M' n! b4 O/ i 171. Nonviolent interjection4 x$ e7 f+ \. a7 R! T
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, Y B8 \7 m: s3 p" ^ 173. Nonviolent occupation
% l9 D0 I' ~- x. r% H$ W E ^5 H3 y
Social Intervention% j2 w, G- r2 n8 P
174. Establishing new social patterns7 b$ O+ f, t" Q- w7 P' o
175. Overloading of facilities/ p9 P0 x7 ?9 U3 u
176. Stall-in2 w. R3 \: W6 i0 m
177. Speak-in
) H! _9 h5 ?5 _1 d. Z9 H 178. Guerrilla theater
) \- O" N0 {" A9 y) Q2 {0 X 179. Alternative social institutions
; }& w+ k( K* D- `4 q! `) v; S 180. Alternative communication system% o( J. U; w6 z0 q' _. Q9 S- [
% M- S- r3 e3 |Economic Intervention
. S) O* v: W- ]& Z$ T' v 181. Reverse strike) U5 F/ n, K- e
182. Stay-in strike. _2 f7 o$ R% \- S% Y# K9 u" G( m
183. Nonviolent land seizure
* G- ^6 ~! z! C* }5 P( @ 184. Defiance of blockades* y; M2 i: \& D, I+ j- C
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 x% \- R2 e- G, }! O 186. Preclusive purchasing- B8 t: r3 L4 ?, T z: e: C* {
187. Seizure of assets# ^, ]/ M; J5 `5 S; o: l/ G
188. Dumping1 t' ?. n9 d* L8 j/ r" g" O
189. Selective patronage
& N: V2 e! Z) s 190. Alternative markets
/ {9 i( M i8 g 191. Alternative transportation systems4 V, L1 T8 Z! j- d* w6 y* A
192. Alternative economic institutions) y9 S5 \1 o1 h9 p+ `3 r' L; z
! T6 @( b# J& `) F2 x5 [" L$ N- p' i
Political Intervention2 N c; l$ W6 r9 K- d, w( h
193. Overloading of administrative systems- o8 A! \4 ?; j* C& P- j: ]
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( _/ O" `" o6 \( A* M* G W 195. Seeking imprisonment" n' \/ N$ }# Q. d4 V; g& M
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
$ o- J) O0 J$ }1 s% z 197. Work-on without collaboration
1 K" m2 r' N! P; c/ G3 o- V! H& q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* h: ?$ [* T: x, z
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
