 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! [1 r% j/ }$ B8 j& e5 q5 tFormal Statements
2 u/ d. P/ W( B( @ 1. Public Speeches1 b) v( T9 `( ~
2. Letters of opposition or support
; J0 _. z s. p0 K) C/ I3 s 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
+ G7 [( z& T! Z$ d 4. Signed public statements8 }0 d5 q4 U- J. ^( |9 l
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- i9 `9 E# o S$ s! s* x$ k: Y 6. Group or mass petitions
0 E: n7 |3 E& u3 O5 O" W3 @% Q0 c2 r8 H
) n O1 W+ j: ^' E* H wCommunications with a Wider Audience) O1 G3 v" C9 E. `; O
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols/ ~4 k# f6 W7 k0 f: p' ~6 u
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% R8 p+ m; X4 M) {# j/ y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, r; w- {) i# N 10. Newspapers and journals
! s& h) x; A+ o* G: | 11. Records, radio, and television' [" s+ y- _5 Y8 }1 P" n
12. Skywriting and earthwriting C3 e2 K$ @: I0 |" O8 A
4 i- V4 O, r7 b2 C1 P
Group Representations6 P8 _5 ~+ i& n8 m
13. Deputations
( ^3 }, F6 P) L9 A; K 14. Mock awards
2 x, f5 ] {/ u; f5 [ 15. Group lobbying' H! s: B: A( z/ p3 G+ E. h
16. Picketing
! Y5 q4 c$ A* g 17. Mock elections
. G# @( _4 b" U& P
. o7 z5 a# \) I. n; W* x7 P2 i. pSymbolic Public Acts
2 y4 s! L9 ~) V4 y+ ~- f7 l 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# N) Y [8 L: e8 O; M- G0 @ 19. Wearing of symbols
6 g& D: H7 b, q" P9 i) d$ _ 20. Prayer and worship2 F ~' k: H7 e, i7 K) A3 V; Z5 K. x
21. Delivering symbolic objects! N2 ~* d; T, c; k" X
22. Protest disrobings
) s; `: m& U K/ |: j( z 23. Destruction of own property
; w, Y @" l+ K 24. Symbolic lights
k' u1 z. K# V% }8 S 25. Displays of portraits4 ]8 Y9 g- A! R' y. b: @) S( ?# O& p
26. Paint as protest$ |9 N# ~3 E! }# s+ V
27. New signs and names; c, k) A' o& m
28. Symbolic sounds+ {! M" {/ _- v. D7 E$ z) \
29. Symbolic reclamations
+ {! G" x9 m/ c7 h2 f 30. Rude gestures
" Q) l6 \+ w" \( d
, P! O5 q8 |7 pPressures on Individuals( i) V- [- `9 w9 ^. `: c
31. “Haunting” officials
7 n8 S# b* V% y, {+ s 32. Taunting officials2 b: r( j Z( n0 n
33. Fraternization9 W" v( f- c- R" c( N4 i
34. Vigils
2 [( J2 p/ G/ T% {
! ~9 q0 {6 F7 q2 y- z0 z8 ?. VDrama and Music3 A% c! d/ y& K# s7 C) Q
35. Humorous skits and pranks' B1 J r8 c q9 m
36. Performances of plays and music1 y, w9 `" j3 f9 W' X$ l# [/ d
37. Singing
- G" O9 d9 E/ y5 [! n6 F5 h
. Y. d8 R9 g( C2 E! ~; NProcessions" b& j* U* D9 Z( c) m& ]; U2 p
38. Marches
! ?$ t L2 E9 c; N4 a8 a2 q/ t$ X 39. Parades8 T# \$ v) |0 J& P U& r0 O% o
40. Religious processions, u* w5 x1 S9 J$ v8 h
41. Pilgrimages1 R7 C, u' i; s& }& V- |9 N
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead1 B3 r* [- h- Z) P" Q3 O J m
43. Political mourning1 C" o# Z; Z. y7 W: p
44. Mock funerals
9 W1 B5 ~' v, ?, B( Q% G2 E3 t 45. Demonstrative funerals3 E. Q4 W8 E( h) k$ I) k$ R
46. Homage at burial places6 K: U! w8 I3 O% I2 H
- C4 r3 i) A8 F. n5 A/ \Public Assemblies; M4 b+ L3 ~3 X7 I+ i
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 f: e! |3 ^. M& Q( _3 Q+ ?3 ^ 48. Protest meetings
: P4 ]. M( o @2 V- O E 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest B* C) F: l2 i. V; p4 T* r
50. Teach-ins
' L6 A# E) a/ A }
' H x! v5 j$ qWithdrawal and Renunciation7 F) s3 o: y! s T0 P- j6 ~2 D
51. Walk-outs
! _2 z i X* I: ]' a/ {% {7 I 52. Silence
& w. O* S) i/ ^0 y 53. Renouncing honors
. \+ {. z7 |$ X; ^- g/ U 54. Turning one’s back* }& N x; P. V! T
5 X A0 B: a. O% ^& i7 R/ k D 7 F$ @: O6 N- ]! q; ^0 _
6 p( g6 X6 B1 N: W5 f8 ?
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
7 Q! j7 m) d7 f$ @2 U
# {6 q1 a. L- s. N9 E
! R% n7 i6 Y; y/ O# c; c
( F0 a* u: j, kOstracism of Persons$ K6 m4 a! V# m) q" n( d
55. Social boycott
" o. A0 w2 X& R" p+ O+ q! } 56. Selective social boycott; q. q& @# W# e0 Y
57. Lysistratic nonaction
) W, |& N1 K: d+ ? L; | 58. Excommunication1 O* T" C4 g* C, T; B
59. Interdict: \8 a+ {# k0 n3 C- c) Z: H& W
6 |1 G2 O5 {" l( ?: v1 iNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 J+ F1 X2 w4 Q# g, |& o0 N 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 }: f( }" X1 {/ D6 J 61. Boycott of social affairs$ M& T2 W8 Q& `; u( q. }
62. Student strike
$ j3 ~) F6 Y; c2 [! V! C" r 63. Social disobedience
# J0 Y. u2 F% p' v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions6 F; t$ m9 c2 |; L9 t" [
- R4 M; d6 T& p4 f b; Z6 mWithdrawal from the Social System
& N! S( K6 e3 O 65. Stay-at-home$ P g' T) f- z2 x' |# {
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 d) l4 X& L9 O 67. “Flight” of workers
. t* n9 C& y, U7 u 68. Sanctuary' i5 v0 d; I6 p7 R$ y
69. Collective disappearance6 ?9 L5 d# h' X2 V
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! `! w! Y, z" T& P( q2 N9 `0 c
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2 i$ A% r2 w+ f2 w7 a3 E
) H$ ?* `9 t6 |; X( J2 Z6 cTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS* n6 Q( d" h( z. b1 K
, t' a/ b, N1 A/ u3 G1 i% r/ L $ W$ g' }, S$ _5 y! w5 t2 _% a' ^
Actions by Consumers
6 }$ c" F8 S( n# ?4 }2 o2 G( x 71. Consumers’ boycott
8 B! b6 G) W0 s8 a" b' t6 T 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* W/ x0 C" z. n# k4 H7 y 73. Policy of austerity
! w6 ~7 O5 P1 O* V 74. Rent withholding
+ o+ T* e( n$ E/ {5 ?; V 75. Refusal to rent
% }$ J' w4 C* H5 ^& A6 ^ 76. National consumers’ boycott" G+ Q4 L3 L& i3 W) z
77. International consumers’ boycott( \1 M/ }2 B& E
e/ l0 E# Z$ E0 W/ R* i
Action by Workers and Producers, ^) c$ r I2 q( H
78. Workmen’s boycott
& r2 T5 N8 `9 Q# {3 G6 T 79. Producers’ boycott
! n S4 S+ |* R5 o# q" H
! J1 J8 B& H, ?# p! ^4 d7 a5 W% {% nAction by Middlemen
4 E, x8 t: B* Y1 e9 E( U6 _ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 X# j7 [" \2 L- N+ f8 w
9 {. g! n, v1 ~) M# A4 _7 g0 C6 {
Action by Owners and Management# k& ?/ K1 X) L- |) \5 Y) f
81. Traders’ boycott
' `4 b: t# `/ b+ w* }! M1 j+ F% E& [ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 f0 l. x4 v6 i# l6 T 83. Lockout+ H+ `2 v9 ?& @5 t; J: Y6 Y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance- ~6 n' a; B c$ @' D$ y. N( F
85. Merchants’ “general strike” x& Q# c" N- l4 i+ Q9 g* j
) y4 X8 s' t, X8 y& d
Action by Holders of Financial Resources* N; o0 \" t9 k
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ V1 q" F3 N" r$ i$ O 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 ^, s# R J+ m0 d, H1 j 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest$ r' U; V) M& b& [ \
89. Severance of funds and credit
* T+ H/ g" N/ K* N/ u 90. Revenue refusal' u' O3 ^0 C# C; ~2 U3 y; h3 _
91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 W6 ]/ |4 `: [! Y" H4 _% \6 T+ g4 k7 G( d8 B7 Q0 b
Action by Governments- }6 U1 a9 i5 e& Z; r
92. Domestic embargo$ G K* l1 l3 k% z' g1 e) R6 k
93. Blacklisting of traders- T! f: k8 N; k6 j/ o% f$ l- [5 \
94. International sellers’ embargo
2 w! L5 f: a+ |! P 95. International buyers’ embargo
/ a, S1 Q, o# b( P+ l) ` 96. International trade embargo) c) p: U# R4 W9 L; i; X
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4 o N5 I* `0 A% Y" O5 T! XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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7 _, w7 z5 m7 {; O5 HSymbolic Strikes
8 |4 ?0 [) q% ~3 }4 j1 e 97. Protest strike: n# y+ Q* j3 i, J
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ s3 v2 I' o! X; O) {2 e. i8 k1 w* y3 s6 W
Agricultural Strikes
, ^) e' y8 c& E8 H7 N; h' {- b 99. Peasant strike
, x3 ?; q1 U: v4 z 100. Farm Workers’ strike r, v- h' E: Z/ `4 s
! u1 r; s1 c/ _$ L
Strikes by Special Groups
" h$ a3 {+ h3 v# A" k- W/ n 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 O! {" f: s$ c( G# P8 f$ m, q 102. Prisoners’ strike6 f/ ^5 b" X( U4 P1 y% R0 Y
103. Craft strike
. V) y5 H! x2 B 104. Professional strike3 k( v2 d/ I& `' f$ k
, U; b9 _; p: I- Z' w' p$ O7 `
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 t9 o, E6 o9 ^3 \" b h
105. Establishment strike
- M" Z( F; s6 b 106. Industry strike
/ ~# f$ ^. _% A9 I5 s: G6 y3 q 107. Sympathetic strike
1 }1 M+ ]5 n4 u) q5 _* y
6 |( t% ?( b! l' w5 I. _8 ERestricted Strikes4 y9 }- S K4 @7 d
108. Detailed strike6 U/ z7 j/ k" A$ A5 h% b# J
109. Bumper strike
$ D/ s8 c7 a P7 `/ H1 |3 d$ Q 110. Slowdown strike% I. e: o! S% q! v
111. Working-to-rule strike" u. E* j; {! J! V
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 q) D, |% R" E1 [1 I7 d* B
113. Strike by resignation
+ x: q8 B4 z0 v* J4 I 114. Limited strike# ^0 G- o5 r! U9 |( V) _2 L& b
115. Selective strike8 T I( s2 }( K! Y
+ p0 H/ h$ |5 P
Multi-Industry Strikes
/ d4 K" P! }0 l( g- {, g6 T( b3 z7 @. i
116. Generalized strike
: |. ^9 v3 F& m0 i- e, t) |
- Y3 K# v" v) a- \% d7 z5 C 117. General strike
5 q/ B/ G0 l( ?) j
: X" |2 i q. h$ W, UCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures( K& w$ ]- i/ Y
( |" [+ \; K) F* x, s
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. O: G- S: g# l% D
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+ b' L2 F- h1 z- ~1 I4 ]Rejection of Authority
W. g: n/ p( G9 k 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ f5 H: ]$ _2 ^0 v3 c: q3 `: t0 f) [ 121. Refusal of public support
# X# Z% @2 h: A! A6 Z, w. @6 ^ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: I+ {$ Z5 T4 s5 J3 p7 K( T) E' ]* J5 g" I; N
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
5 |! Y* x6 l# @0 c9 G 123. Boycott of legislative bodies, o; s: p3 i; \* ~
124. Boycott of elections1 @) I# Q! {. A0 s7 m; H5 M
125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 }" d3 l& r* W! B
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: z* z5 h1 d* F! g l3 G
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( | @: `9 P( G1 O0 e 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
b1 N& E# P2 N) C9 @- g: J. {# G; k 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 L! q, d. {( T 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 Y$ s$ ]1 a ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, R& C+ R5 y8 s, {+ U 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
" d% L* ^# X7 g% ^
5 N# s: f( t' ~, M& l5 s2 xCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" H. f* Z- E8 G- _* \ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 T. S3 s) u* S 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 N: {* n; i0 L" P2 A" \ 135. Popular nonobedience* ^/ R4 g7 N$ p
136. Disguised disobedience" e; U* S+ b6 B: |. X
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 D1 p5 L) y [ 138. Sitdown. N* h. I0 M* R# d q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( R; z6 b9 F& Z' e# [- P1 j3 @ J 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) C9 W$ J9 i8 B$ U3 s9 v
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% p9 u$ p% U3 R$ H- F
- |4 X! t' r, T) j2 t( @Action by Government Personnel" P' f2 [! F! q/ K$ K1 L8 G0 f2 g
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 p( W+ ^) k7 ]1 n4 ]8 E
143. Blocking of lines of command and information# ]% h9 D- E0 b8 P4 `$ M$ E- l1 Z
144. Stalling and obstruction
4 G9 g' a# `: t' Y4 q0 C; r1 P 145. General administrative noncooperation
" j: |0 E7 W# k8 V, Z. F' w, Q0 m1 {# c9 o; z; `% \
146. Judicial noncooperation2 h3 j7 P7 N& {9 \8 R
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 ]2 \9 ]- R0 W6 I 148. Mutiny
3 s. u8 K# k3 }3 _' rDomestic Governmental Action
$ w) u1 s/ m8 n& V" y 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; L1 H# o6 d- \# R5 A 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' u) v3 v1 v m n0 \# _
" |, B3 b: q1 o- F
International Governmental Action
% S# h V* e# g' K 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. i1 T: L; [! S! K0 `6 J4 s 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# D- A# {: I l& O 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 M) A& d9 g4 k3 U$ h 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
3 R( p* e1 t/ t1 l3 J 155. Withdrawal from international organizations# D: V6 h7 \- q& f3 B1 L
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( u$ r3 M& E' N* X9 E; m# C 157. Expulsion from international organizations. B1 `# j1 r9 A
& \7 d& ^+ q7 s* }4 d. c+ D* \
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) ^! U/ ?4 z' M! |6 ATHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 J W1 g7 M8 o: |/ a1 P
1 V+ c) [4 {4 N $ K0 ~) A/ {. P4 X
Psychological Intervention
& k0 t6 I4 N6 Y& T! S* |. h 158. Self-exposure to the elements' s: ?& B) l/ A6 n. ?
159. The fast7 e# E, x6 y/ d8 z5 E
a) Fast of moral pressure/ Q1 Y% A0 g4 R% X5 I( h
b) Hunger strike
5 A) q1 @+ j! K0 b c) Satyagrahic fast# v- E6 B: j6 K5 W! r: F6 \3 W
160. Reverse trial
5 ^% C! w$ O: p- } 161. Nonviolent harassment8 a% c" g( c2 N' J: d0 N
# J% e$ z9 B3 M/ n4 S
Physical Intervention
1 e( I8 S) a6 }- z 162. Sit-in w) v6 z7 O1 a2 u2 h
163. Stand-in
2 U2 \ C. c/ j: N 164. Ride-in& _# ^4 e# a* j6 a1 @
165. Wade-in
, _2 Y$ V7 K. h; G# n8 t& l 166. Mill-in2 @4 Q [" L0 ?& {) c
167. Pray-in9 z$ Y: r, B- F& h2 J6 F6 ^
168. Nonviolent raids
( m7 x8 f' }8 k 169. Nonviolent air raids
9 [6 P/ u6 ~! G" F0 E0 S* S 170. Nonviolent invasion4 D7 S+ r, ]% C: b
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 t; b9 z9 u4 c8 l+ w; X# p 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 j3 X) P3 `5 p4 J* w8 P
173. Nonviolent occupation; u# p9 {+ d$ U/ I. h
6 W; d& u9 t5 r, O2 W. x, [Social Intervention& v5 F+ l# n: M& y& r
174. Establishing new social patterns& l; z* ?3 d0 @0 Z, U
175. Overloading of facilities0 v3 D5 ?9 u8 e7 N/ u0 E h" P
176. Stall-in
" M: A V! l# Y; D1 ^) L4 @' _/ v 177. Speak-in) x" ~5 J- A1 a
178. Guerrilla theater
$ |& x' x) A; ]3 G" `4 Q% O 179. Alternative social institutions' K' f& _' t& Y0 D- }
180. Alternative communication system9 L' |7 d6 m0 E/ N1 ~
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Economic Intervention; b% i) f2 `3 u/ l
181. Reverse strike
5 b5 P% ?& G! J 182. Stay-in strike
3 R: V: O& z' a5 d8 P 183. Nonviolent land seizure) i' r4 K1 q) a: G
184. Defiance of blockades$ L( M4 ~. v' m' f$ R9 _ p
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# o0 e6 }$ U) K" J9 ?
186. Preclusive purchasing
$ b9 q+ r! w7 C# X5 A6 C9 @7 t 187. Seizure of assets8 ?9 [4 a: D0 q9 {! H
188. Dumping( \; P G4 R5 b/ Q$ I" o
189. Selective patronage
8 @" e5 b/ d$ O) I 190. Alternative markets6 G3 d; J v1 F7 i; h2 u+ J
191. Alternative transportation systems
! k0 y$ w. f2 Z$ B5 o. x1 a% r% | 192. Alternative economic institutions
: F) e( A- [7 I9 R( b1 Z: C$ y8 }2 F, f
Political Intervention
0 ^! q# }' j4 i 193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 k1 j9 \" y$ z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 d# Z) u( q- J) j8 E
195. Seeking imprisonment
F6 o. S: |% O8 E 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& k7 L& p# \. P+ F/ L$ b( p6 p& Q
197. Work-on without collaboration4 u" Q B, @8 v
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" r# z" B* m- y9 z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
