 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# d# \" i! h3 `+ ^- PFormal Statements! b% W: T- v# T: R# j
1. Public Speeches
3 [3 V6 O, j- E( x; ^2 w 2. Letters of opposition or support9 e" ^' M- k3 ]9 D
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ |) C; @- m8 w+ R 4. Signed public statements: X5 u. X% U" h' w" G
5. Declarations of indictment and intention# Q3 m; s8 O/ a( z" a6 F {
6. Group or mass petitions
4 @0 m) v. H/ E- @. g8 b( S
# B, T% H( d8 w, N9 XCommunications with a Wider Audience
0 W1 A) H0 }* A& E* V! \ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 O% s% x! A" k% Q6 J! `9 S 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 u5 b9 X; _# S3 |5 k* z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ W/ b) N; t1 M( Z7 l9 u
10. Newspapers and journals6 V m! m3 W8 c+ e& K ?) h. p
11. Records, radio, and television0 E2 d2 Q& p- f7 | G
12. Skywriting and earthwriting; f7 f9 K: r) b
8 U0 {/ h+ h' M* U) B7 a1 P
Group Representations0 c. W' f5 d1 v9 y4 x
13. Deputations
I; p8 w3 I2 a: R6 ]: t9 O; b( x 14. Mock awards
6 Y# ~- t! w- h+ w# \6 C- i 15. Group lobbying
+ V1 }- N g2 @9 S" B* A, R& V+ B 16. Picketing8 r$ v4 o( f% q: N$ r( r
17. Mock elections
% n! J, G+ \' R1 Q; X9 K
% I! ~. G6 g5 c0 v0 ]4 }, H2 ASymbolic Public Acts, ~1 H) u; r7 K# \
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* g* m# U/ z1 p8 X8 B 19. Wearing of symbols1 V5 S2 Z- e2 z0 p/ W# v
20. Prayer and worship, _7 m4 k7 F1 C9 x! K* R, K
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 W% A8 V; K, O
22. Protest disrobings4 \, v: {9 X9 S' K1 o) m3 B6 K9 y
23. Destruction of own property
( x8 ]' v% h) A' x 24. Symbolic lights
. p1 n8 N; D6 w# w, U, ]# h 25. Displays of portraits! E0 l' ]4 F+ ^# ^5 M& C; G, F6 K
26. Paint as protest
: U0 F. U" n7 } 27. New signs and names- B. Q3 r2 j [1 Y
28. Symbolic sounds
2 k' x# T. u$ R9 w7 W2 h2 U 29. Symbolic reclamations
9 F# \9 x' ?& [1 M: Q 30. Rude gestures
! \( y% H I: M1 I/ G2 Q Z
4 R% j( _6 z% J: J! X: ^" x1 J! ^Pressures on Individuals
' ]: f$ c& x3 z" @0 ~ 31. “Haunting” officials
9 ~. W% P+ }1 [+ d3 F 32. Taunting officials
0 j/ a7 M; C& j9 U# i( @ 33. Fraternization) P4 L% Z* i7 U, C% K# e: |5 B
34. Vigils6 k! c- Z, s' W" T# d+ y1 [
7 T0 n4 y; t" Z2 [8 g$ @
Drama and Music
1 y( {7 P/ a: x0 a4 S* o 35. Humorous skits and pranks+ m0 x n# t, q" Y" X3 Y F5 [8 W6 J
36. Performances of plays and music
3 J5 S! G( ?' q1 [- G( {6 e 37. Singing# B* Q6 z" M9 C
( \2 V. ~9 N8 G& s3 Q" q5 h6 m
Processions
% U0 r: P1 R p 38. Marches
! c: L: z& \& q; N9 ~3 w3 L9 x 39. Parades8 U& m& ~' e" S* {5 m
40. Religious processions
6 F4 U4 g. `! d1 v( V. {" X 41. Pilgrimages
7 {3 o9 s! u! {+ E% d7 W% i! h 42. Motorcades$ `% B& I/ d3 r5 C0 i* S+ W B
: e" k/ w6 d3 m9 W% ~
Honoring the Dead* \ p1 J% Z0 B6 w' W+ h
43. Political mourning
5 V: W0 q& Y3 Q( C/ c 44. Mock funerals4 R( p8 x, Z& k3 a0 I
45. Demonstrative funerals
, z4 B& x0 G: v' `' N 46. Homage at burial places
6 m$ v$ I* t1 g9 }; @( l$ q4 K
+ R) E) q; ]5 _: v( }% w( NPublic Assemblies3 U9 x% }; c7 }* V/ q+ V6 |5 w
47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 m) K: Q4 }$ W! t* j L 48. Protest meetings8 `: s; ?, q5 L
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest$ X; ]$ b2 ~) J' d
50. Teach-ins
T" x J1 k8 T# `1 B+ k" F
; P2 @/ U: ` Z! lWithdrawal and Renunciation
* X. t8 v0 `, r8 P9 G. C0 C2 ^/ B 51. Walk-outs8 W" A2 Z. r- l# [7 v3 d, U5 V* s9 ^
52. Silence
6 `. P& j( Y9 G# `( F. S3 l 53. Renouncing honors6 v) K: G0 t! N8 i; g
54. Turning one’s back
8 l! o, A& r% O X7 m* H$ F- w6 M- o7 g% x x9 f2 i# G! ]3 U
8 N5 v" U3 _' V- I
7 G1 N& T/ |; h" m. F, _2 TTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) x2 P" N7 [- G4 `; N2 l( X$ ~: l. t
! q& \! p, t/ W& X3 R
* v2 {9 A# ?; O" sOstracism of Persons) ^4 ]9 i. c% c
55. Social boycott+ b' h8 P- i9 L; {7 E
56. Selective social boycott% H L6 }! b \( v0 P& U% ^) v
57. Lysistratic nonaction
: Q V5 j* R0 f$ w. N 58. Excommunication
0 [5 Z. T$ K# e$ S 59. Interdict2 t6 H6 X3 p& ~- W
$ C! ~# r6 |1 MNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ a7 M/ o; A* V5 O& x$ x1 Q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities8 C& T- Y# J2 I
61. Boycott of social affairs( m, d! Q- f, W" A
62. Student strike
2 W+ P4 k8 D# g$ y1 c 63. Social disobedience9 k4 |( h- K' b2 z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
+ |( X M' ^# O# j- i3 k
q! X, Z8 f9 |4 H% p, JWithdrawal from the Social System
5 z; s0 a/ K- ^& s" ? 65. Stay-at-home: P" [8 _% B$ a4 Q8 Q9 @6 L
66. Total personal noncooperation
% s* T9 J( a; Z4 G 67. “Flight” of workers6 l: W8 h1 j: D I; q
68. Sanctuary
0 C" ]7 h( n- r6 o- W 69. Collective disappearance
1 K3 ~3 V7 |3 S0 V 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% o9 \4 p7 T8 p r/ O& w( q2 d8 I+ a' o1 R4 M# `- ~
( ^- O8 U; K a
Z" |( u5 _0 t- C9 jTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS$ b: `3 W5 ?0 z) u8 ~: {* W- Q
) z6 s* N1 k- k6 @4 I
7 a! p. |4 _9 wActions by Consumers' ^+ C; X `4 m; Z* Z* M' A
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 G3 W' ~, S& H5 E* ^2 G4 i 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 j& I f) V' L5 u
73. Policy of austerity
! `8 E( `1 R J( k1 _' O" } 74. Rent withholding$ [7 ` I0 z. k0 w* B& C/ f7 m
75. Refusal to rent
) i2 p' ~. |- E8 h 76. National consumers’ boycott
* \0 o. h7 r; [( y) m 77. International consumers’ boycott
8 X) n8 M, { t4 }" L/ s6 G% D! `
8 c l, ~8 A% k9 F& W% f; h. y3 WAction by Workers and Producers
: D9 o5 W8 e9 _2 X0 e 78. Workmen’s boycott
& c) P1 n, \& L2 J5 |! | 79. Producers’ boycott" E0 q5 {" q1 m7 d" o9 |+ \5 @
" N2 M1 b- a2 H( r4 m/ t: v
Action by Middlemen2 v# x! F$ H4 K, t& M; k! L3 j- T
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: `8 }2 |" g! K5 A, s
* `& T2 ^9 k6 r/ @" `' N8 j5 DAction by Owners and Management
- G ~( z* [7 N% c/ K% F 81. Traders’ boycott
' z+ i) [ J+ H2 n0 e8 m6 ` 82. Refusal to let or sell property2 v4 _- L' {, {; T; p8 M, {
83. Lockout
; T# V- @2 E) T 84. Refusal of industrial assistance! P- b1 i4 v8 @) O6 y4 j
85. Merchants’ “general strike”# s. ]9 m1 L- q! {( _
$ o4 _# s, ~+ `# X) @$ NAction by Holders of Financial Resources; a. k; c+ _6 y& O2 Y! [
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; `$ \2 d7 }% ?- D
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 t2 M; f& }6 x. ?* y7 P: ~
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* v7 ?9 j5 \# ~, L
89. Severance of funds and credit( i$ p& f( k9 p" j8 I
90. Revenue refusal
7 k) k0 {$ i ]7 Y6 ?6 H5 \0 G# | 91. Refusal of a government’s money: b1 }0 W9 @3 @( c
# ^- N; n V5 S( g% ~* C9 C& qAction by Governments2 v) Y8 j! |" x: c
92. Domestic embargo; h: T4 [: A& p' ^8 o
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 D$ a; R( n/ Q* }% M2 J 94. International sellers’ embargo
% ~0 [1 ?; ^' p+ h0 e0 `) q# y 95. International buyers’ embargo2 x# r/ X. a3 q" g& a
96. International trade embargo# M6 j& e$ K# _
& R3 n! D3 k$ {+ A5 G! D! M1 ~
Z' Y" i4 N# S1 E- y7 b
" \& T, r6 Z Y3 jTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! Z- h6 g, Q: u/ P+ J
: t* z( @- p+ H' u 2 x( g9 F2 M$ X6 K- F
Symbolic Strikes. R# e- h9 N' Y, y
97. Protest strike$ H& F$ C, v Q; {6 n2 _
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 {2 g2 M) V. d; p9 `
- z+ x4 e1 _3 a8 a7 t5 x/ T' \9 ~
Agricultural Strikes
3 x r( ]" ?( U9 y& a# k: t 99. Peasant strike' B3 x9 F0 r, a y( b/ U
100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 n7 p( i8 u7 b9 M
1 g" `; I: Y$ UStrikes by Special Groups
$ B& u+ S3 Y2 [: |: J 101. Refusal of impressed labor. p" e" B9 Q; N! P
102. Prisoners’ strike4 L9 c- Q$ w( h
103. Craft strike: w& B# k7 S, j- c s
104. Professional strike9 C3 R! n0 ~0 i4 K) s, z7 @
8 T- `7 ^) [) U* A* y6 _# j1 m
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
- x6 {8 u4 W# J2 x 105. Establishment strike3 p' m" p' @ [0 O( d
106. Industry strike, \/ B, C! h+ }, L( x0 ]3 Y }
107. Sympathetic strike
! q8 T7 i' V7 P5 y) a8 {) [- `$ ~' p' S* _9 j0 F; X
Restricted Strikes+ L0 X+ V2 t; \' q! e3 V# N
108. Detailed strike3 c: {% ^$ h- i; x$ B( i% f& L$ P
109. Bumper strike( H. p$ N! m9 p/ Y8 o
110. Slowdown strike
" R) f. L% ~8 x- a 111. Working-to-rule strike
1 G# J f7 T, j- f, E' D 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), C5 R! x: d0 | L3 H, b
113. Strike by resignation
V; x& c; t5 ^2 a" Y( H 114. Limited strike6 ]# {! B. a" ^ L$ u, y
115. Selective strike
8 V/ `1 k% D0 B6 L' d5 [5 q4 |' K \4 `, X
Multi-Industry Strikes3 ?. O0 |1 r. P- a
0 Y4 y! A. K- D
116. Generalized strike
" v/ O2 H6 c$ p+ x& f }, P
# Q& ]9 D( P9 ?) z6 \4 i% K 117. General strike
9 {0 g. D9 I1 J$ ^9 z, Z C. {& v: f/ b* S* S
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 i" a* r- ^+ H1 \ d
3 k6 S3 j) I% J. c3 y 118. Hartal9 c. V" _7 u1 f
9 z! x1 |! W! ~9 M% z" U. M
119. Economic shutdown
1 D+ f f5 b/ K5 r' ~5 r( C
$ J6 h( ? c, }. c/ i2 \4 o( s( y / L6 T# d, |& {3 v- ~
, ~7 Q% A9 v3 N) kTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
5 V4 ?0 n6 m" C6 T3 `' r1 g+ n+ o$ t. a
- `8 M' d0 Q6 U/ z' `, tRejection of Authority# `2 `- d8 R: q. P7 X4 @
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) d' W. m9 Y' D0 }- z
121. Refusal of public support
* ]( F+ B# e$ Z 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: r" P1 U+ _: W" n3 n, H$ M7 u
3 b* x# m0 ~: Z" g0 [9 g
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 v h4 [+ L7 e* Z" L: U0 `/ F
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& {; n0 E4 A" Z7 r 124. Boycott of elections( |4 s! _1 ?; w6 p# R3 E/ n
125. Boycott of government employment and positions: F1 F/ Z4 G p v' p( t: M
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
4 l* L- A: i* C3 ?7 H 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 \/ T) N' T) o9 y1 l* u
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% Z8 M* V4 Q1 @9 \
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" D4 K( v( P( |5 C0 N4 o 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks7 z% ?# y3 u# Y' d: X6 e
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
' R1 {$ f* J* I+ ~ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 b2 P5 b# N d
5 o/ ]! g$ I! I& _% ]' P' tCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience( R8 b+ e6 d% E7 i' C! l) F. q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance. q3 w1 U- K! f: C( ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
! C: c% k" [6 x3 J$ Z 135. Popular nonobedience/ q# h; K% e- X& [4 B3 c
136. Disguised disobedience
# d% t8 F- A6 H/ b 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% e- j' J* @& L/ l$ M5 ^3 o
138. Sitdown, W) O! x8 F C' u6 a4 c8 m
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ Z" K4 r: K( T) M
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 [+ X3 U4 @5 n" E4 F 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws2 [( z7 R& M% S4 f9 e( H; }( D4 S+ Y; ?
' O; H4 ?- n( F- l+ o2 {# |Action by Government Personnel
2 ]7 S2 r3 L4 D5 s2 z3 b9 S1 t 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% Y& O( i" U7 [ w7 N
143. Blocking of lines of command and information# H6 ~" N! d7 x- b) H
144. Stalling and obstruction
: |. V b8 w4 ]" @# ]1 e 145. General administrative noncooperation) h4 F+ `% { U; ~, b
9 h+ G" T% u0 R* ~
146. Judicial noncooperation
. C& W1 N, G: c' L0 }- I 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents1 G& E' C/ `3 O2 c
148. Mutiny
2 g) W" h1 C( |* C! y0 eDomestic Governmental Action
; T1 g: Z9 Y/ Y 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; H8 K0 u6 F P! b5 c/ x3 t 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& L; K t/ o- m
: @) s1 t0 ]# Z5 u. \7 r! F7 z2 [; iInternational Governmental Action
: ^+ `: U8 r1 O6 ~& l, V 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; d! H( e0 C+ j* \1 ~. }- x6 C 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 o: o4 ]5 Q8 M/ s$ x/ M0 g
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ n+ _+ A# C3 p# p; W" m S
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' F6 x- b/ u, N' d+ _' i
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
/ _( o2 C: w* O3 n/ x6 O# \ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) b' H9 Z* I8 r; n( Y
157. Expulsion from international organizations. f2 P2 G8 q3 W8 Q: z. e
k `3 U$ P) v
# Q; _3 v9 T+ r& i$ N& ~+ H3 e+ V: l; P+ Q; q4 M5 P
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 [; E ^: L* t4 w$ y) F0 B5 E1 N
7 N9 N4 W4 D9 `! O" C3 T0 e% c. l+ `
6 f# q2 h( ~) f3 C7 m
Psychological Intervention
: ^ f2 @' L: w: u 158. Self-exposure to the elements8 X! |4 D% n2 R% Y P# I9 b m
159. The fast
) v0 p' f' P5 V/ A1 P3 P! \ a) Fast of moral pressure- |$ Z; p6 V* E, [ r0 N/ b
b) Hunger strike
$ u3 L/ l/ ~: W2 l) h. G4 Z3 X" o c) Satyagrahic fast* {' a8 O8 Z2 _! n( j. n" l
160. Reverse trial
+ r) |0 i& _- F$ r! f0 U6 G5 U" p 161. Nonviolent harassment+ J8 h, o( X. s2 A' I' ^" R
c2 a! g/ N$ M9 |
Physical Intervention' |0 A* W/ h/ T3 I
162. Sit-in
8 A {/ R0 M# e M& l 163. Stand-in
/ u4 w! _9 T" G' J2 F3 m' V 164. Ride-in
, x+ t! F3 G; B, b% R 165. Wade-in1 `6 h E2 a: N7 T
166. Mill-in
+ g+ w9 D8 v+ D! c9 h 167. Pray-in% l, v- h$ U; q; b
168. Nonviolent raids4 s7 \1 E8 t2 `. T7 z- [) b- O) f
169. Nonviolent air raids2 R. v8 d9 K, ]& |
170. Nonviolent invasion
: @7 U! \: [3 q; ^/ a 171. Nonviolent interjection8 d+ {9 ^2 @& q6 m
172. Nonviolent obstruction
" Q, u+ {( O- l# s" }- N$ f% g 173. Nonviolent occupation6 \( Q% {9 E0 N% @
7 q, N4 U0 Z# M% A/ X
Social Intervention
( C# \3 ]* V1 N2 C8 B! n5 L 174. Establishing new social patterns
+ \+ U1 F2 T6 n 175. Overloading of facilities
: W" ~# L- ^9 W% P 176. Stall-in: y4 P, S# d: E& B
177. Speak-in
8 k. y3 ]/ I2 W0 }2 i5 N1 _ 178. Guerrilla theater
* r6 t8 H, o" ?9 S6 ~ 179. Alternative social institutions* e m5 x4 A f; Z
180. Alternative communication system
! E* o; [* A# {6 {
C1 d& b" b. U3 p/ FEconomic Intervention; w- b: |2 [( d; x$ p9 P) }. a
181. Reverse strike& ^7 u1 M* _+ h* Y& O+ v0 U
182. Stay-in strike
4 k1 {4 F/ I, ~' D3 u0 H 183. Nonviolent land seizure
C& [6 l9 T6 U7 ?- J 184. Defiance of blockades% L. `% M% U2 A- q# b+ p
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 @. `6 T1 f N: k4 I
186. Preclusive purchasing4 a! x7 q1 x# ], A8 _
187. Seizure of assets
* H/ g. s+ b- w+ h 188. Dumping* W$ E4 f2 T4 v N4 Z
189. Selective patronage% ~( M, ?6 I* }/ U C* T
190. Alternative markets
& M; c- I. a; b* T& V6 { 191. Alternative transportation systems
! A* O1 y9 i: m8 o4 P 192. Alternative economic institutions
3 u4 Y/ l3 T9 B3 C0 k4 c5 _6 |% h' S% q
Political Intervention% d/ f. _* R+ S) E# t7 D+ b
193. Overloading of administrative systems
* ^2 L# K" G9 i2 K- b5 t) ?9 v 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" ^! [1 H% Y) @# R3 C/ B, q 195. Seeking imprisonment
% A9 p @9 D& j8 u4 Y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 y4 t; R; ?: F5 q) a6 K) |9 A 197. Work-on without collaboration
+ _3 k# @0 ]) \$ k, I, X7 N& p6 P 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
0 @9 R0 S; E6 p: B
$ ^# K; F" U3 Q! k& B+ J |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
