 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( O: P# U8 I& ~4 @" J) ]Formal Statements
9 M9 D' G2 A3 ]! \" Q5 ?: m( W3 E 1. Public Speeches
# r- g8 q8 m; s, g4 U2 x 2. Letters of opposition or support
K' {5 M) @: M6 m' I+ x 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 u7 ~7 i& |" c, p+ p' [& `
4. Signed public statements ~8 G. z( j @2 [
5. Declarations of indictment and intention: z7 I. b% F4 d, H+ C4 J; L# R
6. Group or mass petitions
& q, y. Z: a" H6 |9 w) C; f* ?) Y" h% {
Communications with a Wider Audience
, \$ {% T! V6 ]- K 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 T. G4 [, Y+ B 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 m+ Y: Y3 h5 B2 @ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 T' w9 o- r }2 p( g5 ]. k6 {2 M3 |
10. Newspapers and journals
8 ]) T% n) b: m 11. Records, radio, and television# d0 d( M4 h9 q$ c( B$ H( H
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 b" n4 k1 Y1 m2 u4 S) l# u& W, b* t' l3 J
Group Representations
8 \8 R& M5 H! M+ H/ A2 g 13. Deputations
7 e* O1 K4 ?6 F' | 14. Mock awards( j1 G3 K% g( e+ T3 O% Z( c2 m! v* g
15. Group lobbying
0 N Q" x% Y9 _' X: F5 @ ?: m5 I 16. Picketing
Q/ o9 ?9 g: z" h! B 17. Mock elections
. r# c4 L, D D d2 x& s
+ A9 O( Q9 w0 u! cSymbolic Public Acts9 \) j3 k. H' b7 A7 s- n( `3 A: w
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ q3 \( m% }8 X, U3 S 19. Wearing of symbols
. \$ h1 y1 \6 [1 C6 _2 ~" s+ N 20. Prayer and worship& r3 g( Z5 p% I6 s- d
21. Delivering symbolic objects6 X0 L/ i _8 J! A
22. Protest disrobings1 H: q3 K2 X5 B, `/ u
23. Destruction of own property* Y0 Y" Z: h9 l6 e
24. Symbolic lights
2 u9 \. w5 u; P! ~$ u 25. Displays of portraits1 m: s9 A4 i) _* g+ c* c
26. Paint as protest. I9 v( B' L& u3 W
27. New signs and names
/ i, @5 K N$ y! N 28. Symbolic sounds
! `5 s, I& ` b+ J9 c% n 29. Symbolic reclamations' N8 D% p# m3 k
30. Rude gestures
: w4 e/ W' G+ s N+ a2 r W& Q
$ I& `5 W6 S" I8 A7 y/ K' S* BPressures on Individuals- i6 U) E9 W: [" a+ S
31. “Haunting” officials, x5 A6 N5 n( g. L
32. Taunting officials0 y9 w6 `5 p% C; H3 d# E$ r5 k3 F, X
33. Fraternization, @3 D+ u& h3 s4 P7 s
34. Vigils
2 f% T6 f1 N1 l- d3 ?' g, f9 g; Z+ z- a4 j
1 l# x; ^& c( f- Z7 T+ fDrama and Music
* ~/ \9 X8 F( y# {) ^ 35. Humorous skits and pranks2 P/ }! C" ?% q2 _
36. Performances of plays and music- y" ]; V, h9 ^% ?- I3 M( |
37. Singing
! I! s$ K6 U6 d- o: c! L. ` i* H) z* m/ N r& N/ L: x
Processions
/ H( j9 Q5 b& V. L$ d1 { 38. Marches
" \) Z+ a% a! X2 ?- ~! [/ G 39. Parades
, u3 G5 M/ Y/ N2 z1 J 40. Religious processions
1 C, C( [" ^# T1 i 41. Pilgrimages1 G7 a: E& L- Y8 i+ r: g0 J4 O
42. Motorcades
. U0 T# b$ B9 a# p0 c2 L/ x6 B
0 h) ?8 g: r8 Z( NHonoring the Dead
( Z i9 K' j9 B 43. Political mourning
/ k ^0 I2 G w0 i1 p( t* t 44. Mock funerals
9 x2 }$ l+ N7 v 45. Demonstrative funerals4 g+ M8 h' L# L6 C* k! }; g
46. Homage at burial places
$ L' G$ i$ T$ e) z7 r' L/ Q2 U8 S; x+ p5 B' V
Public Assemblies
7 n( `/ Z, R+ y" ?+ z* H 47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 n4 `1 `. j! d5 \$ t: s' A) h! c 48. Protest meetings+ A, {7 ~* ]1 x) i
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( }5 x9 K ^3 X' f& F
50. Teach-ins
; t+ ^2 R: c/ N( y# ?. \
9 X' i% q) S2 }; x/ mWithdrawal and Renunciation/ i! i7 A! b8 F0 K0 ^4 |
51. Walk-outs
) d) E3 f1 T9 ]9 K9 |+ ^! M% W 52. Silence
1 l! p# B* R: ~# M6 f4 e1 F 53. Renouncing honors+ D2 W( X4 h. u0 S4 `
54. Turning one’s back
7 j% d+ `2 c; N! ]' O6 {) S, J( s9 z' M( I
5 i$ D) i- q9 }5 ]: ^( n5 t' U
' F( s3 ^3 L$ b- v$ }THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION Y; V0 J. {4 Q, Z
, L* a# T; S6 v5 q& K
: H- d3 f- ]8 s/ y8 L
5 |% o3 ^* C, Q
Ostracism of Persons
) @9 v9 ^8 l. y1 R; s4 m 55. Social boycott
, G" `- l6 k# l/ p- K5 k- z 56. Selective social boycott' c/ K0 f9 V8 c7 J+ W/ U. K) t
57. Lysistratic nonaction. ^. o. ~3 }+ m- P7 L" H' q7 I
58. Excommunication
3 Q4 }- X2 H' T 59. Interdict
$ \0 X2 E; M: E/ d; z1 v% r: @# t H! k+ [/ D
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# Y" ^6 O! _( m) ~5 G2 X2 _
60. Suspension of social and sports activities% S- k0 ?, \( s+ P
61. Boycott of social affairs' @5 @( w$ i5 k
62. Student strike8 U. O. e `" g: Z6 E, `
63. Social disobedience
: `, t; d+ X: h4 ]) I! V4 g3 D 64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ ^5 i# O, S6 l0 K1 R: V
" l# Y( I; {$ }; Z, ?' @ z
Withdrawal from the Social System& d7 i1 {3 }# Q$ z* ?* Z
65. Stay-at-home! L, K* P; F7 v- U$ U4 ?
66. Total personal noncooperation! T8 |( |1 R7 s1 b7 k; D
67. “Flight” of workers
! `+ ?$ \6 F; Y 68. Sanctuary
, c0 q! `) @# G$ X 69. Collective disappearance6 L* |4 Z6 v3 [* {
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 Z; Y( `9 m# }5 z. p* B
7 G8 _0 j) }2 G. v! X* F, {0 B $ [8 F; N5 f3 }
. T1 H( F( b# t/ S0 j- T ]* m, ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 t8 E- C$ H. e) U
7 _& m8 {( t4 [% W" i; W* u
! Z" K8 T' ] w) @% I/ FActions by Consumers
. e) o8 c9 g7 |* } 71. Consumers’ boycott
0 T2 n! J) D6 s2 ?! j( h, R 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: U5 W2 k2 N/ m, c" ~
73. Policy of austerity* F f- Q1 ~* e. \8 `8 V
74. Rent withholding
! u1 q' Q" ^5 q' T! `/ q 75. Refusal to rent5 C& d- H7 `9 s$ {/ F
76. National consumers’ boycott5 m* z0 m, ?% o$ R( i+ w1 r1 Y, q
77. International consumers’ boycott
& A- J; H" ^7 C! \+ c* E) C# G1 E, ]! r. L
Action by Workers and Producers' S' [+ I6 m% g, \$ V. H/ t
78. Workmen’s boycott$ w: u. p# U9 e9 T) `' U, ^2 y
79. Producers’ boycott( k% B. c& N/ i! R& D' O
* s( V2 i) T x5 p4 q1 s
Action by Middlemen
# H6 A7 h) i2 ]8 P. N' v& ^7 | 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( C/ j3 I8 h3 c1 B8 m0 j {/ r
5 u4 y$ G! y% y) g; {Action by Owners and Management
7 b% Y6 h7 u5 W: [# H' [- S 81. Traders’ boycott& s, a* Z4 r4 \/ C
82. Refusal to let or sell property2 j% U6 v. L7 e9 e
83. Lockout
* W+ _# ~# ?, r1 Y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 v5 m* y) {5 ?( H, q9 X
85. Merchants’ “general strike”- o. _" m( v( V9 a0 ^6 [
7 s2 j7 x8 w' H$ K5 e' T* q: K4 gAction by Holders of Financial Resources' |! D; O; J, Q4 O2 B V3 ~
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: L/ P# m2 d, V% Z: h
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments& A6 ]& u/ \; g+ z6 t
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ u6 G6 \4 c# Y) ^( J4 t 89. Severance of funds and credit# `3 V( {& P0 K; ~# D+ t2 j& e/ M
90. Revenue refusal
! i* H, z; V8 _: N5 i1 q# F+ m 91. Refusal of a government’s money4 T$ g8 V! J+ T& w2 L7 f
- t9 V" x1 _' m5 k, f3 \. O9 m$ w
Action by Governments
* Z' F& h8 B/ r7 N* x 92. Domestic embargo
! s* ^' c9 c6 ]0 ~! C 93. Blacklisting of traders$ Q7 u* D' S5 S e' v; \
94. International sellers’ embargo
0 g) }6 g0 z, ~+ J" w. ^5 M 95. International buyers’ embargo
6 S8 T F+ P( V# f$ K 96. International trade embargo
* I1 p8 d4 ]; X' J
" S7 P6 c- n& R& T
( L1 a9 `. m$ ?( a7 v$ X. f' P' E5 F
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 d: f& C0 D8 G, B* q) I
5 \. J {; {6 ]* D' P) A5 G
1 g( c$ }+ R/ `" u. [$ DSymbolic Strikes
: {( ~* T% u) b I% W 97. Protest strike
1 o3 |0 V3 E* o5 n, m% P+ |1 o8 d 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 r* i0 Z) R/ U: r% B- w* X& [; c- [# b3 E2 L/ ~+ E
Agricultural Strikes/ f- n7 _; E) v( c9 T
99. Peasant strike2 [) N' K, |- \* l* K1 X* r* U2 k
100. Farm Workers’ strike
Q4 U2 D; N# d' e% j' z& M+ r, a7 c( |: f
Strikes by Special Groups1 _3 C4 K8 v" ~' |4 l
101. Refusal of impressed labor
K. [- U- Z! u3 g: r0 n 102. Prisoners’ strike7 N! H) \$ J* J2 A5 K4 S2 K
103. Craft strike
~$ y0 s }9 a. L' l. o 104. Professional strike
: {0 f2 j0 O( Y2 A% M! A5 y" z% p. V( G! e/ c4 e
Ordinary Industrial Strikes2 o' s/ h y' C# O
105. Establishment strike
' V) t% ]: ], q1 C$ s, r" @ 106. Industry strike
9 \, V8 w" \/ `2 T 107. Sympathetic strike
+ L7 O, u/ }) C6 ~7 n# Y$ }
J @# S" e3 Y( q7 ~* mRestricted Strikes
# R9 J" w$ F% K: s0 k3 Q2 S' A( ^ 108. Detailed strike- H+ _- X% C% H* a
109. Bumper strike
" E8 J4 I! B4 x4 H5 K 110. Slowdown strike
2 J! t7 n, } Q! Z' V4 j" X 111. Working-to-rule strike
( d* x( j z; r% H) q. \7 q6 K0 l 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' q2 K+ B# `& }! A 113. Strike by resignation z( W# F% p- [$ B, H$ ~
114. Limited strike' `" F6 ^1 H3 B
115. Selective strike% Y7 R# s, e" B2 y
s1 }) T: G5 Q# V( iMulti-Industry Strikes" B' K- Q+ e5 c% n, U/ J7 @
8 f9 R" T0 ]: Y$ _: y- `3 ~; q& V3 H 116. Generalized strike( k u1 `$ m- ~5 j
& }$ h9 b B1 P6 ~2 c6 h 117. General strike
, X) S& C6 }$ S4 u% ^% X: Q! n+ ]7 E0 a8 T7 r% a5 U9 }
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ ^# w8 G& C& h* w ^( V8 _5 {' i) M, a4 D
118. Hartal
3 }, w: o& O* i. u) _& } B; ]0 r4 a1 K: L, S' T
119. Economic shutdown
. P7 u! x+ a9 Y5 N+ O9 Z( U# J
, s( z" a; X+ U! e; I8 @- Z
/ {7 X6 B4 N' u9 [# ^# _
- ~! U4 h: b5 v9 }& m8 g9 oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
- s8 y* E+ j+ c# {6 o" J# c# k" l& P& b! ~" I
8 w3 a* v2 T0 { y% gRejection of Authority+ s. U* W8 f# n* i5 g. z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance E) `2 [0 C8 N
121. Refusal of public support$ ~) P0 W' q; H2 ^
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) \: Q! ^9 J7 D/ v. B# G0 H& _9 j2 j8 s& e3 h/ c. r; W
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government; g, B/ l# F( G, v. u' ]* L% G3 N
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ Y9 S6 C3 N8 S+ E 124. Boycott of elections6 @5 t) b( K& i" D$ U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions* A) G6 _1 W1 M$ d' {
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 Q0 ]# ]4 Q: z6 D
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 A1 ?1 W& T6 `, f$ A2 w; p; e# g! N 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 ^( w' r2 v5 S/ P 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ u" B! u6 l# i5 }( a1 Q+ j+ b0 A 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; ?& o! E H) S6 ^. `) ^ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 R+ q' y4 B6 a2 c9 G 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- N" f; F1 l4 C0 `0 N0 G& k
h: ^, h9 M" ^8 Z0 Q* V: {Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: h0 |! q9 p3 Z4 ]% v: K. n( z, h5 k
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 U6 \" c8 z; F9 M4 @0 z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
, @7 J7 _) B* |/ i" q! i 135. Popular nonobedience
9 g, }) q# a2 ]" r# E/ T 136. Disguised disobedience) z6 _9 o0 K6 T9 O! E% G/ H
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 |* v4 `2 }, P, B 138. Sitdown$ Q2 v, X# w" k3 A! g: T7 F
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* |% Q- }& Q- v& u" i2 W8 r9 c
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 s; c% s1 G, R4 g9 Z+ U
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 m/ v) f& H6 `8 D. Z3 g( K7 T9 k& Q1 U# E4 c# P) V3 T$ ?! [
Action by Government Personnel
8 h( U* P# Y _' w3 s 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 h D/ _5 i. |1 K, q& D/ N 143. Blocking of lines of command and information, T% b+ v/ @8 |- W4 e. U
144. Stalling and obstruction, r$ N3 a* [! Q( J
145. General administrative noncooperation1 b/ F6 O) T. h$ |
, f* r# y4 e% x' K0 i8 L0 n
146. Judicial noncooperation4 w( p# x: ?+ w
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
3 u8 G/ n; ?8 [# \- A7 \, b5 M% a 148. Mutiny
. Q- G; `+ g" C/ |3 WDomestic Governmental Action
7 w+ W3 c" \% {/ a* a: s 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 M1 x, W; o5 i6 N 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 h/ H2 V; ?$ B% j# i& ~( k' c f2 H0 m( c
International Governmental Action) s! n0 I& y9 O6 {) n
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. j" q4 ?3 B! u5 L: c5 z0 U 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; q1 R* x$ A" A" o 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, [ [- u& Y, t 154. Severance of diplomatic relations! f+ }9 Z+ R$ B# `
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( @) a8 h% h& j# T4 A# u* }" J H 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 W9 S4 L! ]/ |( R- a 157. Expulsion from international organizations1 C0 N' Z2 w1 V. h( l8 v/ ~
+ `5 c' q, ` Z7 S+ w# X
1 B% z0 B1 e u! Q( L# P5 {, v }' B" `, v, f7 I) C( M5 `8 u- d
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. H- f7 e; a4 C8 Y( n
" Q6 X' n* O& c2 `% }; P3 Y3 ]
& A; |8 `2 ^9 j- o
Psychological Intervention
. p' K. u9 u" p4 ?& [3 \ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 r& p9 g+ C" j; x9 I4 F( i# |8 q 159. The fast
8 I! [! J8 q) R$ M6 y/ _ a) Fast of moral pressure
+ S/ y; e1 G/ V7 h' U; [- k# Y b) Hunger strike4 G; @. ~: [3 O& {$ t
c) Satyagrahic fast5 D3 i& e/ F6 P- A0 b9 P
160. Reverse trial
$ ^2 i# x# |6 x$ a5 x: j2 G 161. Nonviolent harassment
3 h2 f1 t) e0 v$ I W# g1 b! P4 `7 u/ S6 R c. T. V) x. Q' F
Physical Intervention7 g: G! `* o" H$ R
162. Sit-in
/ T/ J$ R+ ?, _& E) }3 U$ ~. C 163. Stand-in, N$ ]0 v+ x G( H
164. Ride-in
# b/ t( n) Q; H2 n* l0 Y, T 165. Wade-in
I9 h; I2 w+ z 166. Mill-in
8 I4 ?- g* t4 H4 B5 J: k& [/ G 167. Pray-in: [9 n7 {: z4 Z+ f R, f
168. Nonviolent raids+ B" m e; N! d6 n: G/ Q& o/ C3 f
169. Nonviolent air raids
. n$ f' P; V8 E 170. Nonviolent invasion* G& ]7 {# N8 y$ O" ]
171. Nonviolent interjection
! [5 r: c$ [: L2 b+ S 172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 W" T4 [3 v+ P) X7 V, h, K p @+ p0 ? 173. Nonviolent occupation
1 v1 M z9 S- p3 ?! _/ r5 D8 x
5 e1 e7 L6 z" l6 A( W+ b4 i4 I; c( M9 lSocial Intervention" R0 o! Z5 v2 `# z2 f
174. Establishing new social patterns
% C5 i, R. n" z7 ], S: f 175. Overloading of facilities
: c4 G9 r) ~8 P( N 176. Stall-in
$ o8 i3 i$ [; L( e0 d2 ` 177. Speak-in
p9 C" L* M+ N7 A6 _7 b 178. Guerrilla theater( Z$ M3 j- Q. S& ?3 T3 [
179. Alternative social institutions* X( `$ p' v2 A& m
180. Alternative communication system
# H9 v, q8 o+ [: p
0 R* t: W/ E7 W7 U$ ^Economic Intervention8 G' H r+ X) ]
181. Reverse strike9 e7 k7 U& ~6 i) q) ?( v I( @- `
182. Stay-in strike
3 K% K9 W/ ^8 s' r 183. Nonviolent land seizure
/ o u6 s7 A1 N8 k5 R& g" G 184. Defiance of blockades
& L/ @( t i$ O: I: l) I8 Q7 N 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting( C5 a. l! r; K' C1 p% r* y
186. Preclusive purchasing. n1 m# d( C( K) d
187. Seizure of assets
( T8 q) ^+ W5 P% A# d$ ~! @# z 188. Dumping* _/ [- w' n. m% H0 O5 u
189. Selective patronage
4 o! ~- F. F/ s+ u* q! I ? 190. Alternative markets g+ i6 [ x- `4 `
191. Alternative transportation systems/ q D9 n- P! s$ }4 D
192. Alternative economic institutions2 }+ f3 H+ G5 Z/ t$ Q3 X- E- ~
9 V( V" ?8 N- |1 UPolitical Intervention
z8 U% e B) a6 K* b 193. Overloading of administrative systems& t. p, P7 e* }
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 R9 y& t" e0 A# {
195. Seeking imprisonment
; ?( {+ X- S* ]. r) j+ s; L G) Y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
6 R) D. M2 k& c. b* i3 Y/ ~0 M9 D) b 197. Work-on without collaboration* \0 s) z0 x; }' z; l% T
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. j8 _/ K" [$ h$ b& V; A2 ~
/ w0 }7 ?$ s3 {7 \" ~ |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
