 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 }& w! |4 k F$ g) Z" SFormal Statements
6 b1 g+ `2 Y. ?. j, _8 ~+ ^ 1. Public Speeches: m$ `: U* A \- {) ~ [
2. Letters of opposition or support4 F+ F. f& d8 ^1 c
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' G! e- b4 k0 ]" W
4. Signed public statements
0 ]) U& U: ^/ t# T6 @! D* m 5. Declarations of indictment and intention! E0 Y& T. f% e3 |. M
6. Group or mass petitions
6 ~ j$ Q, M5 R6 b! r( j
/ i' _& a; f2 G. N' [Communications with a Wider Audience
, T( D! ^/ r# Z9 S0 `% }! C 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 l6 j4 D& c: I- S/ ~ z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ n V5 c$ @4 b0 ^; l# p. R4 C 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books4 X# [" m6 {) ~
10. Newspapers and journals
$ ]: |- j* w' ?/ x) F) \ 11. Records, radio, and television$ W" a) y$ e2 q: O+ O
12. Skywriting and earthwriting N" m. g2 H2 X
* A8 h1 E& |- D W% R. y
Group Representations% w- P# I8 F4 j9 S- g$ y0 d- l* h) _
13. Deputations
# f( a& ?+ ]; @' T- x4 f8 c& Q 14. Mock awards
. b( [2 E/ V& b7 q# J/ @ 15. Group lobbying' ^" p$ y) S9 F6 P
16. Picketing' t# q& ?6 u h& b
17. Mock elections4 q/ y+ b* C! E) S5 T3 X; G; G: \
. K: X4 ~" L' u% s* d
Symbolic Public Acts- f8 T8 m4 u* ~; `
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- D+ j4 f! b4 N7 x5 K0 Z4 U 19. Wearing of symbols
`0 W x) e9 v5 X, g) B 20. Prayer and worship
; C. `( X3 w1 U- L9 q 21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ n3 _! p9 e" c5 D; u+ w7 h+ @ 22. Protest disrobings+ R. F% Z8 v: J
23. Destruction of own property- b0 G& R0 [3 d% A0 @9 h
24. Symbolic lights
~ f6 l6 v3 |# @( t# b 25. Displays of portraits
8 N; z+ C3 Q L1 U' v% Z: a6 K 26. Paint as protest7 [8 o% g8 k) D( q+ y2 W% N9 L
27. New signs and names% k+ W+ C* X U5 x( p
28. Symbolic sounds
) w0 s2 ]- D' o& p% D5 x5 \. U 29. Symbolic reclamations9 l/ T5 \* _( T' ^/ d
30. Rude gestures
, S: n7 {; e1 y7 H4 y$ G1 n( n& m( _% E2 o
Pressures on Individuals
4 l1 O& x! ~* F8 E. u% W 31. “Haunting” officials" {4 Y( a. w2 j: g: B
32. Taunting officials/ c- n/ e7 K4 y5 v; e
33. Fraternization* s) I4 j/ ~ D
34. Vigils
& A& y- n8 M/ u( H- C
$ R( R% Z& C: A) ~Drama and Music
. Z8 }5 q: s4 T+ D e* S 35. Humorous skits and pranks
" I2 K r# ?& B1 U5 T1 f: \ 36. Performances of plays and music: g- a) Z" l7 ^" |0 d( m9 n+ U
37. Singing4 Y- m+ t0 O9 ]
) Z, ]5 l2 \ u
Processions) W5 \; K9 q% x: c9 e5 h/ c
38. Marches
6 ^/ ^' n4 H! c 39. Parades' g' A$ T+ w, h7 f) J. v% r3 [
40. Religious processions& n8 L' y1 D7 a+ m1 \8 j/ q- _
41. Pilgrimages. C7 A& i$ A7 |1 h# }+ r2 c3 d
42. Motorcades. M& ]7 F0 J. w5 g
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Honoring the Dead9 B! s# c( X7 G
43. Political mourning9 A: n$ t7 ]$ J' [! c
44. Mock funerals
1 Y8 P4 U S& G, u9 s {9 C$ Y$ r 45. Demonstrative funerals* x3 `* [1 `9 s! g* L
46. Homage at burial places
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8 A" `8 y4 S& m7 u4 [, R7 IPublic Assemblies
7 _# y4 j8 D% l6 j( b$ O+ r 47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 F2 s2 P; P d+ I 48. Protest meetings% ?0 J) ~8 E$ I. {" P* N% z- ~: [
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 k) b; b8 }* X$ r) }
50. Teach-ins
* Q/ n; l4 z1 ?$ N3 m7 f" j: K; [ g2 V' e% C7 t
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# ]2 b* H4 P7 P! t2 v- b 51. Walk-outs
) y& D, F: A( t) p! N; Y 52. Silence4 U3 ?+ c) `7 l9 ]: X
53. Renouncing honors. R4 N/ ~/ \2 f# G
54. Turning one’s back A. V; d9 e9 y- {2 L/ F& ~
. n4 F: F3 b- p; m+ ?. T
+ y9 P a( V4 a7 h" ^7 [$ T. D a) ?/ n1 g' q* Z& P% F ?
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' `/ O$ Z5 B# |+ z" m, A1 H7 y7 a
! y+ G* T3 X' r$ [ 3 n8 f9 a1 F5 z' h& h6 b
( _) q ]/ F1 K, B" C- ]+ L5 p
Ostracism of Persons
& I8 K$ U* G, v: u1 l 55. Social boycott
! j& d# d* V) i5 o% a3 C1 _ 56. Selective social boycott
$ y" e% n' k$ Y* D* d# ^' E 57. Lysistratic nonaction: {$ s& E$ u* Q g" X. l3 a
58. Excommunication( }0 U% G' s6 ?) d
59. Interdict& s2 n, r$ d U2 ~) X2 E' w
4 q' b) [+ h: F- _/ w4 a2 u2 s' wNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" Q, H* B& p. R, E2 A 60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 M6 j" D$ m. s. B- H0 m/ F
61. Boycott of social affairs
2 B4 [9 Q- v) H; n, h( f 62. Student strike
" n$ B5 b- K' ~5 T G 63. Social disobedience
# G( D1 T! v+ f$ o) ~ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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& T' R. l; I# a7 u- U9 r$ w, G& oWithdrawal from the Social System
7 N6 f. A' P9 } j' H8 d) n+ V 65. Stay-at-home6 _! F2 P2 T3 v4 X' Y$ j
66. Total personal noncooperation9 O( o7 n, _0 k) t
67. “Flight” of workers- x) U# J$ w7 B( }: x, Q% V" Q
68. Sanctuary
1 P. y/ I5 R# ^1 Q( | 69. Collective disappearance0 G8 I" M+ _9 N# `5 K5 {5 E
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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2 C, I9 C4 a% o# `9 dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
N) X M& D9 B4 l( S& D3 R3 w
N$ L2 N/ E! f+ H! T5 T ) Y$ ?5 Y' |2 B/ u, ]1 ?
Actions by Consumers7 O- }" B: f- n: K7 d$ S* v1 z
71. Consumers’ boycott6 J( P6 \# J0 u, f
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ P+ y9 y4 N0 x6 q) X* ] 73. Policy of austerity: C/ s3 D8 ~& P4 ?* |9 u
74. Rent withholding8 N" P7 J: q8 E' N) m [
75. Refusal to rent n7 I9 [* h+ a' y" o9 X
76. National consumers’ boycott0 i5 u2 z5 y2 h, w
77. International consumers’ boycott
( S) @- u5 D* A% T7 J
3 L Y0 X! e% }# Z5 xAction by Workers and Producers, ]1 y0 d [- S9 G+ I
78. Workmen’s boycott
* w3 b9 |( i* X8 _ A" h- E 79. Producers’ boycott
& W: a3 I* |$ W9 \
( c( J$ B5 N; K) C m4 x7 y& cAction by Middlemen& ?0 o9 r) m, r& O2 j& A
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 N: J( s; O& |& D/ O. y; O! s
% [; M5 w1 O+ K- @! T. Z7 _- g! [Action by Owners and Management
$ u& D: f/ N# t& v/ q 81. Traders’ boycott
5 f: w2 B1 W! g: B# F$ g 82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 V0 O- Z* Q# s1 d p 83. Lockout
7 A X# i& g9 f" E. \" ^ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( s2 b7 r* p0 l9 x5 b3 j6 [ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources0 x2 N% d, W* R
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ p& h" c2 h! S* N6 Y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
* P7 l/ K; K6 K 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: } O, ?' ^2 K6 \; {' s 89. Severance of funds and credit5 r2 y" D3 q1 m5 C: q8 [# _1 O
90. Revenue refusal
2 m3 X$ s3 H; n! z3 m2 l! ^ 91. Refusal of a government’s money! [, M7 u8 }& \) y/ \* g8 j4 h
! p: t; L5 O2 r. h7 NAction by Governments& p4 e* p r( `4 P' ?7 |: H
92. Domestic embargo
7 A6 Q2 @+ b( z0 W' u 93. Blacklisting of traders4 r& {0 u1 f& [9 J$ q& S
94. International sellers’ embargo+ x: Y- P. r; G. r/ D) _& Q
95. International buyers’ embargo
6 l! p# F3 }6 ?% t z' l 96. International trade embargo
2 d: u; f c$ \" m5 p0 T5 Q% q& u% x( D) H1 p
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' h/ G, `8 i8 Y( Q1 z, ]' X0 c/ U
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8 ^$ q4 {$ N, vSymbolic Strikes
7 w2 M" v3 o0 j0 N- D( G 97. Protest strike. ~. w) F( S# K- `& ~; o
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 H* {2 c$ X" p1 ]$ b
( [5 ~2 G6 ~; `& T" b9 nAgricultural Strikes! k6 U+ ]6 Q0 \0 f9 f5 @5 Y! T& y
99. Peasant strike
/ X) u l0 B: J6 [ 100. Farm Workers’ strike. N( d+ x2 c$ l- @1 d
$ i7 q; E1 k; G: l; g+ h4 aStrikes by Special Groups+ Z' `' }* B3 \1 ^# o K) J+ Q
101. Refusal of impressed labor
k6 W+ Q3 p0 o/ { 102. Prisoners’ strike2 H9 s. l! N- j% X! o" l
103. Craft strike
0 c) Q( |& r: ~* b2 M 104. Professional strike" v( U% @2 ^8 X# ~+ g; y& \1 A* d
) h2 K3 H( u3 l \' Q" OOrdinary Industrial Strikes
( S* X. T2 g5 F 105. Establishment strike4 A! |0 f+ u+ E7 _7 o
106. Industry strike1 {3 w9 g$ I$ S
107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes+ t/ r0 H# N% `" j; z4 `# t
108. Detailed strike
, f' M4 r8 L0 s3 O 109. Bumper strike
+ {0 B/ n) k! i) J/ @ 110. Slowdown strike
. M% D8 @; R: [ 111. Working-to-rule strike
( m& Q2 S$ G B% \+ L 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" n# Q( ^" c3 U* s! P7 ]
113. Strike by resignation% k! R' A0 L. W* T
114. Limited strike
* T3 J$ x: k( e1 g 115. Selective strike F" a8 K5 l- m H: j- ~
9 b- m( x5 Q7 m& [3 Z( m
Multi-Industry Strikes
; z- v2 O0 I0 H# D' D' b: C, u& S) `2 q8 [0 d
116. Generalized strike H9 S# W) u2 y$ d
B, r# _3 w, s, D+ {' e. `
117. General strike
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1 F8 p# s+ A( e+ \Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures* r7 ^3 O& Y% }7 ?# q" g& R2 z9 e
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown( @0 p) k( u0 L+ T2 m7 H: Q
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$ Z1 G' b3 j9 oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION2 }: o8 T- {- _! H3 v
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Rejection of Authority
, E5 E8 ~4 X( ? 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
2 G M# J* H) I ~* p4 K 121. Refusal of public support; K, R% F& r) J( y
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
% }+ @2 o( C; Y# e1 b" _! f: Q* r! G! ?
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* X6 X! X1 M) Q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( ]$ d9 h3 I* z* f) i1 W 124. Boycott of elections" D! ^0 _4 Q& |& n- a) e2 }
125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 K" K/ f8 s2 w* e) p
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
7 W# t! Q$ x1 n6 v6 _ h$ J 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 X6 Z# q% t. Q3 |+ I6 Z
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& m3 R% G( E6 Y$ \ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents& Q# _9 z" y; l( K; p% g/ Y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& v) D- v. t7 x8 Q3 V6 G2 S 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 z: s0 |, }! x y/ t/ I. A
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
) _4 \3 `8 k( N" |# U. i9 g$ [! B( h( [0 P9 _1 E
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& w9 C- _9 Y3 T/ K2 v) S
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 r$ H8 i8 V$ s6 q 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ v* y2 i) ]+ M m6 X
135. Popular nonobedience
) {# i7 X2 v5 D; x0 O) k3 L 136. Disguised disobedience% r5 Y/ f% A2 Y$ T1 n8 I
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 C2 j9 B3 z; u" H* c. J4 g0 g
138. Sitdown
; r5 F5 S- m3 E0 C h 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: }# [6 V/ U, a4 e 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! z7 t% [ t* y( S' _
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& j. Q# M/ J7 ~3 Y) i
" ^) ~6 U$ _4 FAction by Government Personnel
( A# G% y$ d' z/ j, R 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 O: [6 W6 h" d8 o/ P5 k
143. Blocking of lines of command and information& w: p& k$ G) Y: N. V
144. Stalling and obstruction
1 h( I; f& q1 L9 b- E5 e1 f0 D0 O 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 H! _" G) k. H* i1 N& X9 U) j% S7 F; n- g2 O
146. Judicial noncooperation+ [, T$ |% C* \2 y! y/ Y/ [3 `
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) P& }! [9 [+ P; d: D' k7 ] 148. Mutiny
* ?! `: g: W+ F V" u; BDomestic Governmental Action. e* l& o$ y* b0 N
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. c! y2 E- l- t
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 Z7 I3 ?- h( k" ?% i! K7 Z
3 E- i9 G4 m v% k; m
International Governmental Action
# ]4 U9 V$ Q) J% L1 O 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ K6 f X& v; O' {
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 Y: N8 q: A" i! z& ~4 r
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ a- K8 X5 ~* F 154. Severance of diplomatic relations [( q K: {& R$ w5 |4 G8 J
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
/ d; Z! ^) ^* b2 n5 x: L3 j/ ~ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ V: y- E1 N" z' `- G+ q" J, ~ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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; t# u- {$ h/ O0 J- S6 OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% `9 ^' H- ?' l$ t# \, ~
7 \2 ]7 O) ?) A5 k2 z
" ^+ p& @- k2 ~3 n# B, WPsychological Intervention3 S1 s! Z$ m$ H& }- U; T9 c
158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 \7 m) ^6 ]% g: T' r/ K 159. The fast
% {9 y8 E2 G, N a) Fast of moral pressure( c n- M4 I$ w6 d9 {( ?& K( L
b) Hunger strike" R$ V3 V8 M9 d/ H/ o5 `
c) Satyagrahic fast; D& V1 w' u& p4 l
160. Reverse trial9 w. ?0 ~: C+ E
161. Nonviolent harassment3 B& x& e8 v7 W1 G. R, |
7 a0 M' J* e0 T+ Q2 s! v7 EPhysical Intervention
, {& @% w' G* j( g: P/ L 162. Sit-in6 T( I- \5 j# }, y" Q2 @
163. Stand-in; l- Y2 J/ W* J. U: m
164. Ride-in
& _; w$ v9 Y0 x0 d& @ 165. Wade-in
8 [* M+ w' _* @; H" _# v 166. Mill-in
3 E4 R9 V Y; Q2 l- W7 ] 167. Pray-in1 e. U' q3 H( o1 k7 I
168. Nonviolent raids
2 }9 Z( N J, Y X% U# o 169. Nonviolent air raids! ^& J# I% _2 M0 h- h# S& q) s
170. Nonviolent invasion
5 }7 n$ ~6 r. L- {) k4 f' S: l 171. Nonviolent interjection
$ y/ W! D( F. ~, v, Y 172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 l5 ~1 w7 T% e# `8 d 173. Nonviolent occupation) s7 J) C& q* n4 q( M, f& Q+ Q) w! \+ M
9 z Y5 d- i% |, T9 G* a8 ~Social Intervention
3 a) o! V; ]# O, Y8 a0 V: d 174. Establishing new social patterns% Z3 K% q) w7 H: P
175. Overloading of facilities
( N" x- u6 ]" s% \- u9 d 176. Stall-in0 L; x2 |; x% b. z8 @
177. Speak-in" ~, Q' n Y( T- b% a" T: Y0 X
178. Guerrilla theater
' c# r+ J$ d& e$ ^# w3 X% U( a0 ` 179. Alternative social institutions' L# J$ l- v6 N: d/ d) |0 q
180. Alternative communication system3 u. q1 u$ ~8 [
% L6 b2 S4 X" E O% iEconomic Intervention. k5 W! Q; b, W% k7 h% d3 G
181. Reverse strike& v# N- y3 t, `% K2 U" i. z, j
182. Stay-in strike
5 z* }$ C; u% E+ Q 183. Nonviolent land seizure& P; j) R! Y7 @6 W" n
184. Defiance of blockades
' \6 z+ D3 Q" ~; r G 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" F9 h0 }# K# A
186. Preclusive purchasing' c7 C+ r# C8 M2 @6 W
187. Seizure of assets
* t( N$ g$ \" A$ x 188. Dumping
9 Q4 b3 {! M2 ` 189. Selective patronage; f3 B% g2 z3 ?5 G) i) i( ]
190. Alternative markets) M* P/ }' F D$ d3 h( k
191. Alternative transportation systems
- l+ B- I" t% i9 h2 P3 O/ B! A 192. Alternative economic institutions9 F3 z; l9 k$ w" s" M! @, ]
9 O8 A( f; M% p2 r. ^
Political Intervention4 s1 j. e7 |4 | u! v+ g9 n
193. Overloading of administrative systems% c6 i' F# A1 O n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ ^, Z' q" a" B4 H0 W8 v L- P/ \) G( z
195. Seeking imprisonment
6 j# F4 W$ s; @1 E+ } 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 p6 J1 E3 l- J( ~: _ 197. Work-on without collaboration
* o: n+ p" Z9 n5 V5 c$ L# ~! g 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% Y* a: ?2 `8 }
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
