 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) @% n. X Q- _' @' F$ lFormal Statements% p, @& k3 q. W# e; a
1. Public Speeches
1 T* C9 P/ r$ ? 2. Letters of opposition or support3 ~, i# P' m7 M2 T/ y0 A
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) m. T: V* \4 p# A
4. Signed public statements$ f) w+ ?- e9 N
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
3 T. a- p; T7 T* y' c. n 6. Group or mass petitions
" p: |+ m# V9 V1 I- n
: ]2 G" N. ?/ C6 ^) VCommunications with a Wider Audience
4 M1 U# Y, K& |( e% r0 T 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 h; W w4 F5 A& x% J. [) a
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, p0 l7 c0 K9 c) u
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
+ D" G$ }; Y9 f* q8 b 10. Newspapers and journals
# o) @4 z* G: R" ], ~9 L. N& u7 a 11. Records, radio, and television3 E' c6 P( F( B
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' k# h' t# m' l- J; y# i& c' i* w# W7 w" u' V! ~+ L# @1 f
Group Representations$ Z; d9 Q* `2 _4 O) {9 c3 t
13. Deputations
# B- j% \3 D, i; f7 L 14. Mock awards
' j3 t( |* X: ` f 15. Group lobbying: E! R9 o3 j7 n' L. k
16. Picketing. i2 s. a+ h8 M
17. Mock elections4 j4 ]0 a/ a# _
3 E& }! ]% x; K+ m; NSymbolic Public Acts( ?( p6 k# Y3 ~9 y2 L0 H) G# e
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, q, _# m% K. \+ `
19. Wearing of symbols
- N3 L2 [% R0 E 20. Prayer and worship- Q, A! X+ P( {6 a5 w# p7 X, K5 M, m/ H, ]
21. Delivering symbolic objects
: T3 j' V1 n: i* `# p 22. Protest disrobings
6 `+ T- {2 Y. m* a/ B 23. Destruction of own property! ~, O1 j4 y1 W A+ q$ A
24. Symbolic lights
& z3 v! ^( p9 }1 a 25. Displays of portraits
( @. ^* E2 s' J0 Y 26. Paint as protest
$ S/ E* F0 S- R l: ]2 l2 { 27. New signs and names; ^! k; U u% B/ V$ w( r: E
28. Symbolic sounds
6 n1 b4 `2 i A2 R4 y* N 29. Symbolic reclamations$ y( w' s9 v" `, q4 |
30. Rude gestures: _) }! ]+ h }4 U5 o/ C" Z# R
% }$ ?1 a% N/ EPressures on Individuals6 w w5 x) y: B& q6 Q: f
31. “Haunting” officials* P" F5 ^ {4 o" o
32. Taunting officials4 y" `( ~, {- U
33. Fraternization& s7 P3 z/ T% j( I m1 o" X f
34. Vigils! l+ z, h: I5 j6 m
1 e, }" [7 C* H0 o' {Drama and Music
$ A, h$ S3 G' W# {; D1 M: j& e1 ` 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 T5 K7 z) p5 P' H+ r 36. Performances of plays and music G) u0 a' ` m0 B" C4 f
37. Singing
6 J* H6 ]4 F( ^2 d8 o! \
% }( r6 j& \2 g+ D" AProcessions. {7 b: d* F1 m9 N' Q
38. Marches
. Z. `& g! i1 O' } 39. Parades4 c# R: z0 s6 ]" ^; k$ M8 t
40. Religious processions" Q) e% @9 }2 ` e& ]
41. Pilgrimages% M" h8 y) A/ w) F
42. Motorcades
& N6 U9 l+ S. t% ]# G* A
1 g( B# W4 I" w0 v. ZHonoring the Dead6 Z! M0 j0 l1 A2 c7 \; T9 P
43. Political mourning
" Z( e- _# F2 U. m: f 44. Mock funerals! S8 s$ @; ]1 S2 \# N7 y
45. Demonstrative funerals
0 R9 E0 j' I/ R$ T 46. Homage at burial places V8 j7 a+ F" E. K. p; j
- i0 ?% `; ~/ |/ ^Public Assemblies6 f; q0 x7 i7 \3 ?
47. Assemblies of protest or support }8 F: e$ ?$ \& Y
48. Protest meetings! Q! ~3 T, V+ |
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# J/ q7 Q# J: t- D$ a9 ^ 50. Teach-ins
0 C! f/ O, i D t6 O9 C, u9 z9 q! }. {/ `7 l
Withdrawal and Renunciation
) V% i( n7 t9 |/ `* ~ 51. Walk-outs' G+ t6 `+ g. A
52. Silence6 Q6 _- J N8 t1 Q! q
53. Renouncing honors
2 m3 y) W! V6 W* ^/ A q, \; B 54. Turning one’s back
0 w& B. @1 d. \* V8 W4 r9 V0 ^9 R- e4 i/ s! A; Y
1 r1 x! [! ^5 p# {3 _* H$ R' u, L- N' s' A' I3 z* `9 {
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ L* x) k+ ` [, D2 h1 X0 Z
S4 s4 o$ G% u3 c$ G
+ i/ I0 B" \/ e$ A! j# z- W
9 L: B7 ?' n y) i, K: WOstracism of Persons- Z" b/ z4 F' M# E2 L1 y
55. Social boycott
_# Q# m! N& U7 V" | 56. Selective social boycott, _ j9 ^. l) ]6 w" p4 ?- C
57. Lysistratic nonaction
! D( T! t$ o5 L4 |6 v 58. Excommunication2 ^& @. H% H5 U; V; p- ~0 G
59. Interdict
/ @- ^6 y3 M" R0 E# p1 W) V T. X7 D9 L/ }/ K8 q/ ~
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
}0 \2 I$ A1 f, \ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 p) m/ F- i* ]/ M7 t
61. Boycott of social affairs( _( N9 p1 s* E5 v; A5 l3 H
62. Student strike
4 f, H, N% b* K7 E) G: m* c: K 63. Social disobedience
/ {" o: R+ q9 ]3 W 64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 S! M3 c3 ^- c+ F5 f2 A; F7 f
/ X! b3 u8 Y- [( c) x' V, z' S
Withdrawal from the Social System
* \3 n% p+ ?- D/ }4 q p 65. Stay-at-home+ u2 |$ g; t# G5 x$ E( ^$ I
66. Total personal noncooperation
7 W) \, a/ C2 t& | V: k5 X1 c 67. “Flight” of workers
, _9 r+ a! h0 E: W; @1 {) u# A 68. Sanctuary
1 v) G: w2 G' y' q* }3 l 69. Collective disappearance
9 W& n; ?: e5 Z) e- w) P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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! a% @: p2 b/ `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 o9 z3 _# E% J/ s& f& A1 S
( R* ]/ ~2 w1 b0 a 8 i: M Y8 p5 u" `# U' D% J2 G8 C! z
Actions by Consumers7 P) O7 U6 _" |, ^8 J
71. Consumers’ boycott
5 [1 A* Z) d+ Q" r: l 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 p% B, |1 M0 }. `
73. Policy of austerity
. V- ]9 s g7 r% q- W7 b 74. Rent withholding
+ d4 E7 F( _! c( [+ X9 e 75. Refusal to rent- C4 s, _& f$ Z1 [
76. National consumers’ boycott4 O6 k$ ~( Q0 i2 t
77. International consumers’ boycott3 Q6 J ?/ @( \: G( }
( o: V" F" _6 ^5 a
Action by Workers and Producers# E% G- R5 ]# i" {; V# J
78. Workmen’s boycott) w: z$ w. O- \- m0 Q: Q
79. Producers’ boycott
" x; m2 q; { v, C5 C2 [& D" n* {$ C5 n, L" i* D" A
Action by Middlemen, g) f( ~; k. Y }* Y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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^' H: F" e ]) R0 C3 M; vAction by Owners and Management4 E# e$ t, |" b# L% H
81. Traders’ boycott
5 e. p, D5 m2 b* b8 p 82. Refusal to let or sell property7 s5 \, F& j) J/ L
83. Lockout3 q8 i. m. X# U6 Y, G5 U
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: B- n0 G1 r5 h# R8 R/ {3 y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
0 f7 i' a9 q/ t' c8 p" J+ h# J/ L0 D& H& [( }
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
5 N# [- f8 I$ ]+ Y6 k9 V 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 d0 _) ?2 ^7 }: S6 n. m' T
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- K, L5 Z g2 J) K7 K# e' T, U
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 Z- ^! O i& E/ j0 C* ]& A
89. Severance of funds and credit
1 Q4 A4 J# x$ |9 W' @. S 90. Revenue refusal n0 T# x" E# L
91. Refusal of a government’s money( n7 r& s, Q) ]3 I1 H- X8 v; J
, g3 f- v7 H# z% RAction by Governments
( x& N# r# w( ?2 b 92. Domestic embargo
( i5 _/ o6 e2 d3 a 93. Blacklisting of traders
5 C0 U0 Z! r, X 94. International sellers’ embargo
; Y9 ?9 B% u1 [, |0 S% j 95. International buyers’ embargo/ B& N8 x" @6 T% `8 e1 v" @/ k9 ?
96. International trade embargo) S+ @4 M, m% Y! A7 j
2 Y2 R( B: \2 S7 Y
7 H# r. ?- N' Y+ b q! x5 w7 G5 V- F% e- D% r
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' d! q& J) s" K6 ?. n
9 {( k4 F! ?% }, A
6 j) q3 A, F: x# T2 a* U$ ISymbolic Strikes6 u8 [. i2 m/ `: v$ b( a
97. Protest strike/ n! ` ^8 ~/ T$ ^& s* u, g
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 R; p( ~4 m& C& u) R: E$ U2 C
! F0 l* n* g. r; ^8 r$ G
Agricultural Strikes
# ^" }& v- O. l: T* v( ` 99. Peasant strike
; t" _& B$ T, b# j2 Q6 l 100. Farm Workers’ strike' Q8 ]( P1 a3 I; q M' R/ A: p
r3 }5 t$ p* v) e/ }7 h0 k: ~/ S4 x( FStrikes by Special Groups( f; |( b' ?8 d8 m5 ~% ~3 h
101. Refusal of impressed labor: a8 j( C, V* Y2 P+ K. @- J8 W
102. Prisoners’ strike( b7 r* q# @3 E a6 }8 a* H6 P
103. Craft strike/ [# H1 O; ~5 a0 L$ U# p8 q# J
104. Professional strike
& r8 \, U# R! j7 Y/ r- E8 `: E4 p* i5 s
Ordinary Industrial Strikes q( c1 D0 X: @; ?$ J
105. Establishment strike
. T! h J' k1 y# c& b: d- `1 Z 106. Industry strike) B' W2 L% K0 z+ U+ M
107. Sympathetic strike
2 \0 r+ q* o. {3 S- N
. o7 I% K6 Q( T/ q0 P0 L' CRestricted Strikes4 y1 z; L3 x0 m( S4 I \4 z' b8 e
108. Detailed strike5 s3 q, b1 ~' n4 ?7 ~
109. Bumper strike1 m# p* x' r8 a4 _, I2 `6 D
110. Slowdown strike
9 ^; T' L% p3 ~6 m 111. Working-to-rule strike, j& N; b! ~* h0 o6 F
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
# W0 \/ ~/ I/ k" X$ F: v 113. Strike by resignation) v1 V$ E. o8 f( U. Q* @- |4 n
114. Limited strike, P! J3 g& a. B* J! S
115. Selective strike5 W, E( c. l2 l& H- s2 I/ n9 a
' y, H! m- V& _! m: s0 P$ z. w% AMulti-Industry Strikes
# Q. |0 K+ r. d9 D7 x8 {
5 i* C4 P7 Z+ C: L8 p7 F 116. Generalized strike
; O2 o9 w9 l. e9 k6 N% Q4 \5 U
: P1 _ `( U7 {, d/ d 117. General strike" k# [- _6 n5 U" q* [# {1 {
b# S9 F/ q4 F+ b* \: mCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ L+ Z" [# z; w0 C) Y+ j
8 ]6 q \ Z0 M; v) {, ]# j/ ^ 118. Hartal
3 y' W( i) O( f0 H0 _6 K9 j+ @
' R5 k- U" q; z' H' B- J/ O 119. Economic shutdown3 j# u; X+ f! N+ U- M4 N
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G4 y* V$ q$ B) {
, H* V$ F0 \0 _3 y0 ^0 d1 u4 D7 a
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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& ^, K3 G) }5 e, B% E* WRejection of Authority/ s$ Q/ o6 }# s' [+ s) d
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, `, C, G! u, c+ g" \+ E
121. Refusal of public support
* p( b4 c* C+ U/ a5 P' _ I. e 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) ^# Q4 o/ \+ m) @) Z3 r' G0 F6 P7 x
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 @ l. M! `6 k; i6 ?- G' \) R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 o- m0 _5 _9 z$ v' F v 124. Boycott of elections
" M9 X0 ~& y6 S2 U- M7 [, E 125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ j, ~7 h7 G% E- G- Z# J
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; ?% m3 u' j1 u' i
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) ^: W( p/ l4 o9 z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 F2 Z! G3 U( N+ U% b. ?* t( c+ ]
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# a: x$ H: r8 V+ b6 ]) T; G$ a 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ A; D1 X% L. m9 }4 _& P# f
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 y/ }% h5 I% x5 F3 E 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions g4 x& l% J$ q! R
( `) h1 W/ j- J9 |: R: E- d' d, y5 @) P
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' x W2 H' s& C7 q+ G4 Q 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' r+ ?& K) \0 F& s% r$ M9 w 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: c% G! N5 ?4 x, F* @7 D
135. Popular nonobedience
- G; v) q- w- v( m$ l 136. Disguised disobedience
& e: e+ L A$ J* C 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 z6 t" s, `' a' _ 138. Sitdown
% n- f u: {; k5 P- g* Z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 L) t7 @+ M" R7 b/ `$ ]+ ~ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& T' V; _( A/ E# A2 }" L
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 y+ M2 d9 N: Y/ Y& C1 d/ v7 m/ l
" T% n, M, [. p) o3 sAction by Government Personnel
; X' I3 K7 n0 r( ^! c% y- ]: R 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% }" V2 p4 X9 R y4 f
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" m& `' D% s; }/ K9 A 144. Stalling and obstruction
9 U' E! Q0 g, T$ ` 145. General administrative noncooperation
' e# G' y' j8 n7 n1 m& j+ ?& z1 L8 |! F* w$ w x; Q3 E, E# e" o
146. Judicial noncooperation$ ]$ f7 w2 @' ~0 W
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 m. @0 r- @' I x( ~, x u& K& U
148. Mutiny: ^! Y$ L d; \, `! h, T
Domestic Governmental Action6 ]8 ?8 H7 X. y8 I
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- S( ]$ N+ d! o$ {
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 C& T* _' C6 H9 V8 c0 [6 E
( e: w( N! A7 s- |: h. s, xInternational Governmental Action- ?9 F# o4 {3 F( t" T; \
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
! H% H4 U$ D& y" b2 }9 N 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& a# p" i2 W% u0 w7 r1 T 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
# B9 X) h# n8 o! p6 q0 Y' v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 `, l. M8 c" l& s9 Y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations) F) Q) j) X- D. Y% a
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 D7 A' o1 U q3 T& W+ a 157. Expulsion from international organizations
# V( {% o! b; n; l: N x
/ W- P n: A" w" O: O$ K' I
6 m8 J$ J+ T# o3 A# p2 x/ N
( ~3 h3 U( m% X' b2 s/ [THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 ~' t% l! j5 j" \, d, P
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4 ~* Z1 i2 G$ Q1 U7 N% ]Psychological Intervention
1 V6 R' u r9 w+ G* ~0 w 158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 I: n' ^! y) n! C0 z, ]4 r 159. The fast, D4 ]$ Q \1 f, Z7 n
a) Fast of moral pressure
. Z' {* p4 `) B% |' m9 y b) Hunger strike
7 a" i @: M" ` c) Satyagrahic fast
7 S* R& l P2 o" w8 G0 j8 v; f 160. Reverse trial
- Z6 }4 b6 `. F% l9 }5 ] 161. Nonviolent harassment4 i L/ i; S( [+ I+ @# v4 }" ?
) I0 u. u3 w8 g0 r- O) Q* X
Physical Intervention9 t( z" V) t \, g) s
162. Sit-in- x) C, v; | k/ i6 Z4 r! Q+ r
163. Stand-in# X" c$ ^. I8 u
164. Ride-in
" v7 H7 w+ k: `( o9 ` l 165. Wade-in
, Y% T; T# D6 {/ R 166. Mill-in- h, {- B2 n) Y0 o
167. Pray-in3 F# h3 S4 Q3 @/ T: b5 ]2 W
168. Nonviolent raids
, O- [& \$ R0 ]! d8 O; M 169. Nonviolent air raids( O" h: `+ v6 A
170. Nonviolent invasion
) b u. k0 R" X& W1 v 171. Nonviolent interjection; h$ w/ A1 T0 {6 E
172. Nonviolent obstruction" N( E- a# a* H% K7 |# ^4 M
173. Nonviolent occupation
3 K4 X( r; f2 S7 w! h7 n) H. N- S: A+ [0 S- j$ m% p
Social Intervention
7 {" g/ X3 q: }' L9 e% D; F- p 174. Establishing new social patterns, `3 f% D6 E8 l6 [
175. Overloading of facilities E' O, o4 J1 Z$ @3 H
176. Stall-in
3 p8 H! p/ U+ f# j9 t* ^ 177. Speak-in/ }$ H% B+ E' C. V1 p+ {
178. Guerrilla theater4 `" ?. T0 X( u$ ^
179. Alternative social institutions
6 J2 t8 p0 Y( V3 D2 F1 d8 F 180. Alternative communication system
4 H3 t; c: A. v) w: n) u9 `+ w0 t: K; J8 }
Economic Intervention
, x" I& m h& { K& ^1 e, \; g 181. Reverse strike
( S" T7 ?4 B+ c7 N. y. |. W! y5 H 182. Stay-in strike4 T: J9 U9 {; P, N' t% I/ @
183. Nonviolent land seizure
" }. ^) u% {! V$ J0 ^; X& M 184. Defiance of blockades; Z: ]6 f4 w# h8 j" F
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
, j7 s' E; L# I 186. Preclusive purchasing
1 }7 o. l" U! }3 C 187. Seizure of assets
6 R( i+ u+ X0 O$ z4 o, p 188. Dumping
2 | y2 ^; u/ V3 W6 l) F 189. Selective patronage$ E5 u) Z/ {4 {& w
190. Alternative markets
1 ]" Z1 _) V+ u0 G0 ~; l 191. Alternative transportation systems
' a p3 c4 v6 w- j/ Y' n7 r 192. Alternative economic institutions+ h/ V: P* |7 {2 _6 U' X
* W8 @0 }+ ^7 K) x% lPolitical Intervention) [8 L5 k' ^1 Z
193. Overloading of administrative systems
' H, f Z- d& ~. t+ j 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ A* o( _! y0 n- L 195. Seeking imprisonment
) y- `# h! F& P6 U* ^ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 p/ m, i* w: E' s# p) m1 |% Z 197. Work-on without collaboration. L0 L2 @4 z. M$ I: j
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 Z# i) C$ w9 u0 C2 a1 B
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
