 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; u* R" c/ s: o. A' b8 x
Formal Statements
; q, O) J4 s& a" C c 1. Public Speeches& X, x! j6 i3 X( ?' f( c
2. Letters of opposition or support
, \" i6 j$ y5 d. G/ ~9 z' s 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% s4 c& t7 b7 y) E( a7 Z
4. Signed public statements O; m! M& h8 W1 y$ m8 p
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. P9 x7 s! x3 j 6. Group or mass petitions4 A: d- T# k' U1 W5 ^
5 g$ f: G% |. cCommunications with a Wider Audience" _, j- o! q. k6 p: p) m8 p
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, K& s* ], v2 E" g1 M- q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ y9 L% m. v# c! E
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, t/ p4 W0 g4 Q/ J5 F
10. Newspapers and journals
9 X$ s! a8 S" N6 T2 P* Q8 n 11. Records, radio, and television
1 j% L7 r$ @" k# M3 L" x 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! [# i2 o8 }1 o: E8 x0 c
9 m3 G6 I ~5 V6 {. VGroup Representations; q/ z7 I6 U* _9 p1 w% {
13. Deputations& Q7 X( F# J6 I' q
14. Mock awards, L9 ^2 D1 B' E0 E: I; }
15. Group lobbying1 L+ W% S0 M: t R
16. Picketing
1 _. c0 K3 a3 Y; w 17. Mock elections
6 p% x3 ]6 u" o6 `/ ^
# i) g4 P; L) o( h! e# K7 i. h; X% i' zSymbolic Public Acts
* _4 `6 t: j+ o2 D% C) y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 d6 q) G( `2 o+ p3 Q
19. Wearing of symbols9 |% {9 C0 H) Q+ \
20. Prayer and worship
3 s% J3 q6 o# O 21. Delivering symbolic objects
% K& H$ V' ~0 ~+ }* D r" t4 X2 Z 22. Protest disrobings
, E1 r! l2 K/ [( b j4 } ? 23. Destruction of own property M1 r3 L8 }" j- }# M! e% K
24. Symbolic lights( I& ]. S- i, |5 O
25. Displays of portraits
; A! e; q- f' R1 | 26. Paint as protest- {( y. I$ f. a" G9 J/ O( K
27. New signs and names8 ^& M, f6 N) p# ?" R: `5 i
28. Symbolic sounds7 g# k; p9 B$ T, F# `) _
29. Symbolic reclamations# b' \& v8 l* i, z
30. Rude gestures/ a, w5 c9 }1 d& S2 o0 Z3 H
8 d0 J2 Q1 U5 f- d* c, ]4 qPressures on Individuals
$ T; T. M, X5 }% L& L 31. “Haunting” officials# u! x* R) ?5 v: _$ m' n7 O! c
32. Taunting officials
7 @+ p$ w5 z! D [1 Y 33. Fraternization
7 W! e" m: x7 z 34. Vigils
: k$ @8 A) T- b! ]7 J# P2 M$ @) W+ W. i! r2 T
Drama and Music
; r# q7 p. Z S7 H0 K- B 35. Humorous skits and pranks
& u1 k; R) E9 ?, z 36. Performances of plays and music
+ S' N0 Y) o5 }8 ]7 I$ Y 37. Singing
' y; P q& G, D' n, K1 C" k1 H9 b* ^/ I3 p! m0 d; p* S- P4 a
Processions1 l# {" R; t; ]7 T6 L
38. Marches
`% t Y5 |: G# P% R8 K c% V 39. Parades2 Y: f8 G' D' V% Y
40. Religious processions! k ^) m" @* v, o* s/ ^3 N
41. Pilgrimages: U0 c- W4 k. T0 U
42. Motorcades
) V4 `7 F: _4 Y+ `8 l" N
2 ?4 T s: Y- y+ AHonoring the Dead, g' ]) h4 E# T; [4 z1 x
43. Political mourning
T3 z& z' i8 G. _$ e& W& z 44. Mock funerals2 s6 z: { k5 r1 q% H
45. Demonstrative funerals' l/ r s$ Y# w6 [, m" @8 Z
46. Homage at burial places
8 ?- }; {5 U. t6 x
% L [; p* i& q3 g- m4 kPublic Assemblies
, l6 y- {8 T* u7 l5 K 47. Assemblies of protest or support2 o. }& H4 P1 c2 `6 s
48. Protest meetings; G# E4 h: v( C2 @
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- g) N L- n) l) H' e/ N1 Q: g" ~# \ 50. Teach-ins
' T# g$ F0 C; T: _2 {4 J1 e
3 a) Z+ [. J6 w% N$ H& JWithdrawal and Renunciation1 S8 M! K7 ^- w' [* O/ L
51. Walk-outs
5 z: x2 h) C t+ q( H. u 52. Silence
8 Y) z' q0 k+ O1 ` 53. Renouncing honors
O+ T5 s7 [) X 54. Turning one’s back: |) ^% K2 m X0 P% `$ @; n& o
0 z: K8 }* s1 j" N, T* `
- ~( k0 Y2 o, A) d5 j: Z; u) n# ~
# d9 H' f5 J' _THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
( m# s" c; Z1 F+ q5 f( `. Y' P n5 z! R% _9 N" g5 U, D- S; N
2 z5 r5 X2 `+ Q
8 }8 Y7 \, ?# k- D9 V* H
Ostracism of Persons9 |3 E' c m5 R9 [, `8 x$ p
55. Social boycott
, c: B9 X2 D% {/ J, J1 Q+ t7 s 56. Selective social boycott
5 V% R L$ Y& ~+ o# e 57. Lysistratic nonaction: w$ \5 Z7 T; j; Y* s5 D% q6 G) N
58. Excommunication. Q9 p' N3 j+ y: R' \3 a5 M2 r
59. Interdict8 }9 |2 G& ]0 C( L/ r& J& [9 u
0 j- P* v5 n& YNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions* _+ G8 d: q$ h r5 ]" q0 @( `# r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities# L7 `5 k! Y1 F0 E! w. i
61. Boycott of social affairs
- [# w% R8 i+ D9 d) T 62. Student strike
% p# n, E" l9 z8 K 63. Social disobedience
7 H% q9 H+ p: E7 s# m! A- o7 G 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ s: @6 Z& ^' h+ t. J% R
+ `) Z p1 O; X- R" u
Withdrawal from the Social System
# _8 ?' G- z$ d 65. Stay-at-home
" h3 \/ Z1 R: j6 \$ ` 66. Total personal noncooperation* a- Q- x, N* O8 z( F( l
67. “Flight” of workers4 |0 ^% Y! z% o6 j
68. Sanctuary
1 r9 ^ W+ B0 \! v4 z" T 69. Collective disappearance/ o# ?6 m: e7 X# {( l* Z% E5 o+ Z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# E; n: y% o3 H3 F
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
0 B. c' R0 b+ T5 g* A2 U5 C' ]
# ]! x5 c; ?7 R1 m9 A1 N
0 t3 X) y6 e( A+ r2 q1 u' RActions by Consumers& L4 r. c( c. G/ F v
71. Consumers’ boycott9 `9 y3 ~; w* W8 u2 i# F0 K: }3 v- h
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) B( l z, P5 {+ c 73. Policy of austerity* K1 B0 Q, t7 G/ `* c
74. Rent withholding
$ J: m0 c$ y2 V7 x+ ` 75. Refusal to rent' r5 G3 `$ w" O4 [
76. National consumers’ boycott
7 y; m+ D% I" t. b 77. International consumers’ boycott( c& f6 N! U+ M8 c7 F* k
9 a, {$ L0 z; ^1 AAction by Workers and Producers
% ?; D" b% f) V8 P) b7 \- B% V 78. Workmen’s boycott
) W" [' Q) @7 P3 b0 E. c1 } z 79. Producers’ boycott# L3 ?' E1 L! [+ x- ?
8 h% i, I0 z, d4 YAction by Middlemen
6 l3 z% b$ F8 ` 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 r( a7 w8 }( i1 |/ K
' y9 c2 ~- }- T+ }! f* kAction by Owners and Management6 h- d: K' x. a8 [9 Z- Z& N
81. Traders’ boycott- }+ v1 y+ M2 h# N- M
82. Refusal to let or sell property
& \2 Q+ N7 A/ b* k$ |/ f' b6 e* A 83. Lockout/ V/ ?9 E- x; a2 d/ i O$ }1 @
84. Refusal of industrial assistance% f6 t4 B) `- R: ^5 F! U
85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 C5 }% i8 Y! ~! P0 s% _* d [
" |& S `+ U5 W4 f: S
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
) R+ n% h0 g; z, {# K 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 L7 x( N. B0 S9 D- Z% l J
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 M! T9 n5 |8 z3 F4 F ^8 C 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" t2 E. s7 m2 |
89. Severance of funds and credit
3 F) E# m+ G( O: k! M9 O) ] 90. Revenue refusal
3 a7 O1 `" p, q" A" r 91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 n9 Q4 M# O- {0 w4 Y% u8 \' h, K6 s3 h5 J' c
Action by Governments
( b3 F R# Z, G8 }, A. w 92. Domestic embargo( e; O! L2 x5 }2 K$ L
93. Blacklisting of traders
2 t' J8 U' @1 V# x 94. International sellers’ embargo! n; R% }0 {+ D2 o
95. International buyers’ embargo
7 C' d2 d3 U% }2 P3 k' O 96. International trade embargo* N( }; i5 o, R: j9 l- x
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
; y1 i3 W0 q0 N; b- X
( `2 d/ c" I; c& F # I3 e# c6 R' C' V& }
Symbolic Strikes
" L. M# [( t4 `" b; N+ l 97. Protest strike3 U" l* g4 r' ], D6 E6 B
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 _4 f. a: ^ w$ G$ u5 N5 z
9 S! \ Z- m' X: j5 iAgricultural Strikes% n" ]" q5 u# |" Y+ W
99. Peasant strike; V/ ^2 |1 e7 s/ q
100. Farm Workers’ strike! Q% f/ V, D$ s0 Q& l6 j) I$ i$ Y
' [- F# Q) B8 C& m% O
Strikes by Special Groups
1 a% R8 D* ^) y I; Q: i; C 101. Refusal of impressed labor
! T r( A5 E" @, [# s6 G L7 A 102. Prisoners’ strike4 A; G1 V6 c5 s& E3 ]9 O% i
103. Craft strike
& D J( T; h' a& d( \: A2 B 104. Professional strike
: L* x. v$ _# _0 t) [' V0 N+ Y$ r( @
Ordinary Industrial Strikes4 k& v ~9 [0 g% l4 y
105. Establishment strike
" y# h/ _6 s: @. \6 n 106. Industry strike5 x( _4 E8 S7 A' y/ n
107. Sympathetic strike' T" f4 u8 R7 M8 Z3 ?/ v+ y1 A3 ^
2 _! W9 U6 v, R/ H* _' uRestricted Strikes6 J$ s4 N) [! E9 B, k. D, l+ Q
108. Detailed strike
3 V2 s( m+ V P+ R: b. r+ k 109. Bumper strike
* p+ A9 f4 u6 a$ i | 110. Slowdown strike: Y, e* L3 y( W N, c ~4 p% G* @
111. Working-to-rule strike
' W4 A9 `" X% }' \ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)3 a; U2 r! f' v* g- K# m" {: P1 q
113. Strike by resignation2 Y1 C- Z4 M2 z1 ~
114. Limited strike* c6 E0 |+ F( Q, R' X
115. Selective strike
- \0 v9 {6 U) z3 Y
: H L8 F, ?) U- A" q" {Multi-Industry Strikes
/ U/ U4 w) x2 ?8 ?" ]0 a
3 Z3 g L6 `9 x# d( l, A# L( N 116. Generalized strike
" I- o" L! P, H" W
' N/ Y! P( q+ O7 R 117. General strike4 i2 h8 d5 F, O
+ [# _3 m4 s& ?6 JCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 u" i; _" v5 O. T1 ~, o5 N" Q
L: B9 v) z! V: }4 t; x 118. Hartal- B0 {" V/ L. B) Y" c" f
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119. Economic shutdown
8 L6 h( u' }5 r b+ o5 B
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. z9 R; N& G8 F( n: K9 ZTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority! h: Y$ h, i: w6 K' Q; b! O1 H' }
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; B, ~4 _/ x1 c7 t3 w; [0 W5 \* ]5 z
121. Refusal of public support2 m. D! y b, p4 r) z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ M4 t; R3 @0 P; l8 w$ o1 f/ ?
! B+ |- q2 L9 f0 V1 v5 ] e5 t3 L% T1 ^Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ U" _3 {+ `* ?+ h% D: S- u
123. Boycott of legislative bodies# |0 a ?6 A7 R( Z/ g8 V
124. Boycott of elections) K9 f# R9 d" k2 n$ z; q1 V; o- M2 P
125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 n& }6 @; Q# |: f
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ |5 e# y) J* h, c
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 C6 \$ u0 w" @3 P. C7 y 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 \6 k9 W7 t( _ o
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. S' o& s' J& g
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) { o' O+ v2 c
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& c) ^: J% T( r1 w7 v
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 h( I% ]: f0 J. m5 _! l3 F2 G+ \4 S+ z! ^, B7 ^) {6 `
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience( X k) @% d+ R4 m. \
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- I$ L; Y5 E+ W* |1 Y* m% q9 O 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% ]% ~9 t$ k' _+ [/ @8 v/ K
135. Popular nonobedience
: ?" Q J/ {# M$ C! x 136. Disguised disobedience* U/ R9 m/ i5 ~ ^% Z; G8 s
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! ]& S- g: C1 f7 X) J* m0 L) e( u5 i 138. Sitdown; h! r3 e& ?8 w2 y; K3 {0 p& P
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation _& x( t* M7 |. a4 Y* N) R. f" d
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! {( w( X T- u0 g6 r, |: F9 t 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, I) k) g- F6 g$ k$ X. y) u$ a6 j C4 h% C0 r
Action by Government Personnel
+ t7 B8 R/ I H/ \ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( ?+ C) B! M6 G; k# O" H2 l 143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 l1 U- r4 d1 c
144. Stalling and obstruction
( ?% d5 _. J( J' V: W3 Y v 145. General administrative noncooperation
# ]( y, y3 b( b/ g0 b: S( Z$ k1 ^
146. Judicial noncooperation8 h5 H D: h- Y8 f. N5 L' s; C& \
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" S3 I# k9 U7 }; k2 a! f n/ I
148. Mutiny
2 f q: |: K! D& A% kDomestic Governmental Action
( ?! @, V l! X$ u) G- K+ s |9 M f 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, ]4 v. H& V$ G2 K4 i. n+ ] 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units- K' u2 S: Q4 u/ u) o4 }
K; K5 h+ F7 M; U' s$ r8 {International Governmental Action% @) n1 g: B3 ?& g
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 F- G" T# l/ M* F 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, y8 K3 e5 G$ V% J: P3 I" k
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 j" l4 \+ i* Y9 y6 W Q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations; V; Y4 q4 G) H9 q0 E; V; P' ~
155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 f5 I" O2 q M6 \6 Y0 Y# a
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 I9 `, f1 H% P. x" `, J4 h+ }
157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 `- r) G: ?' d; t& s7 l# m' {4 L6 Z( B8 z. I) Y6 \
2 J. U( }# t; }* I0 t
7 O+ t8 A! C% `, g" S8 v
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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7 H5 z$ X' I# i' dPsychological Intervention7 v' G. ]4 U- M
158. Self-exposure to the elements5 s8 t( I4 _) L& L% x
159. The fast0 x! [1 R& d$ Y! H! E& I0 g$ L0 N
a) Fast of moral pressure7 S3 L" `+ ^ T: L! b6 ~
b) Hunger strike
' }& e" i! ~: |% g" _+ e; I c) Satyagrahic fast
! m: y! p! g' W, K$ w) c+ U 160. Reverse trial
8 N" p( e; k a6 C( d$ ~) z 161. Nonviolent harassment
# k) q% l( T4 X" x& c4 x- |# o
! R, n. _% p4 J$ b7 U8 `* APhysical Intervention8 s T! z+ W) y( g s
162. Sit-in$ `, ?3 V/ D) }3 _, M% g
163. Stand-in
4 n, [* F/ t! S( t1 C; j) j 164. Ride-in3 u' R* w' X1 X) \5 m! i f: F
165. Wade-in
# M. l# m, H8 D a) z6 h# f 166. Mill-in
- V( P( A6 {* _; w; p/ b 167. Pray-in
, [2 V/ l2 }7 J+ U( H5 m0 O% b 168. Nonviolent raids
; i+ ~* s: A0 H$ J$ b' v 169. Nonviolent air raids4 B( M+ Q X1 T- m
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 C6 z# ]0 f5 ~ 171. Nonviolent interjection7 o0 y- S, _" l- r7 o
172. Nonviolent obstruction
& J R( t, Y0 G7 _/ W# o* V 173. Nonviolent occupation
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9 w% u4 i0 }$ r; KSocial Intervention0 C. Y1 I% k: y, T( ]- |
174. Establishing new social patterns0 T- p9 T/ p6 E' d, Y
175. Overloading of facilities+ Y: ?! A) l7 O7 ]
176. Stall-in
, K, A5 j+ u- d8 e- f 177. Speak-in; N+ R; @9 u) I! p9 \* c. C
178. Guerrilla theater2 X% u% B7 x( N1 d( b
179. Alternative social institutions
& [' N* s/ r2 X 180. Alternative communication system: h, f$ j* M9 I0 |. v, s
/ [4 I! s( Q# \' \3 u3 LEconomic Intervention
* P8 x% U; c6 Z( E6 v 181. Reverse strike
# e8 [( m C: p' t0 g 182. Stay-in strike- M: B$ x+ ?/ n& S" P% T* p
183. Nonviolent land seizure
. C+ p: S# J6 q3 D/ g 184. Defiance of blockades
( E1 C( ?/ r/ W+ } 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 n$ H1 ^4 p$ z- E1 O 186. Preclusive purchasing( L) d, y" B5 M' _% ~/ f; n3 a
187. Seizure of assets7 ?( H9 C2 Q4 Q6 l+ ~. `1 [
188. Dumping" Z6 h0 D" S8 |2 k- u! ~( }# {' f" q$ U
189. Selective patronage
+ K) Y' @# b B! X) R5 h 190. Alternative markets- F* o* X) S) ?. \
191. Alternative transportation systems2 F1 H, R4 |9 r5 R9 c
192. Alternative economic institutions
6 I/ O1 O% G- h J$ h& ^
X) P( [" c' P8 Z+ Z6 ]# J+ QPolitical Intervention0 A7 ^% v, e @, D
193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 q% S4 O8 V; Y4 u 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
% b- ?2 H+ w4 G 195. Seeking imprisonment
' H$ X! K- k! W7 i: u$ i9 X$ O' } 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
+ r/ m$ H2 M7 e1 C9 a/ ? 197. Work-on without collaboration
# k S6 @+ y( @! s1 X 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
7 {. o6 L$ ]* E @/ g0 W* Z+ c. n7 b1 _1 H3 b
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
