 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 }1 K1 k$ ~. r1 O8 ?6 hFormal Statements" T6 |- l' Q& E8 R- ]* @1 k
1. Public Speeches
7 H( w) {+ F1 L( o 2. Letters of opposition or support
7 Q+ A8 a0 \. f 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions2 `8 p5 i( ]$ ?8 n* }
4. Signed public statements' t7 U% R2 g3 j M z' U. O
5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 ~) O2 N2 n) U% D
6. Group or mass petitions
+ @/ X" c6 g l0 d) U" C. o1 O* v! E5 k
Communications with a Wider Audience
; `' B1 w2 S3 s/ G 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# o B! l5 D$ _. W- r 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, b! r* W. s( R$ d- Z' d( N 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: [) X: x5 T. L 10. Newspapers and journals6 H! c2 Q7 L9 G0 \% w' i8 @
11. Records, radio, and television( p" Y+ W. H2 X3 C) E1 c5 I+ t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 L) C2 e* J' [9 I
( k4 i0 j- W4 R
Group Representations7 z6 R# r! R3 J6 r5 S
13. Deputations* l2 G% y( E& x2 n L3 G }+ C
14. Mock awards" S/ v6 B/ B5 T: V/ T
15. Group lobbying
1 Q4 C! [& Q3 r2 C( h 16. Picketing
8 m: e1 c$ B" q: k2 p& d2 Y1 b1 V- C 17. Mock elections. B2 E: ` l8 g2 c/ m% `
, R: R4 y/ U% Q# H" U+ L. Y
Symbolic Public Acts
) [, d9 S) X# v, W8 Z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) Y2 G2 t& d( D% p5 @' A x' l 19. Wearing of symbols: V, X0 j' i6 b3 Q$ A' [$ A+ g2 H
20. Prayer and worship
8 z" C& [- {* m* f 21. Delivering symbolic objects
! b" U/ c& D0 @* f7 k9 w5 T, [$ b 22. Protest disrobings
8 I4 W0 y+ j: ^9 m9 B$ M# [& @ 23. Destruction of own property
) J: v4 X' [- {; z' F2 @ 24. Symbolic lights% v8 [! w- l' o# T1 h
25. Displays of portraits
0 q: K! A9 A# H9 V/ |) D( O 26. Paint as protest. m. q0 a! c$ [
27. New signs and names
7 ?2 Y2 n N0 S! ^' F$ U! h 28. Symbolic sounds
/ U; `2 X/ f8 a+ d2 @" q$ W 29. Symbolic reclamations
3 X4 v; v0 f$ a1 ]2 M 30. Rude gestures& N" Q/ Q+ R9 O
3 w4 U/ ]) L O# V2 r( ]Pressures on Individuals: X/ G2 B. a8 p Z" J9 a% x
31. “Haunting” officials" y- i7 O0 o/ s& h) p/ _: P! j
32. Taunting officials( Z% {: C$ I4 a% d
33. Fraternization
7 P0 N: O- d- b( w$ _7 Y% R& \& ] 34. Vigils
' l0 @8 P+ d% @! ~' W, `* h$ |- d+ z0 |' ]6 Z7 V8 ~
Drama and Music; u1 T9 r& G2 J6 s3 `# W! o
35. Humorous skits and pranks' [, E. @! a9 f, |. o/ x9 C
36. Performances of plays and music- \6 g0 Z" h8 t; L# I
37. Singing
8 u1 P8 n6 y1 s8 x& S; S) ? d, A! L
9 Z/ u |( O1 n. I4 ^( ~5 {Processions
# x" J B" i- T/ N. f 38. Marches7 j d+ n9 U) U7 @3 ]4 Q
39. Parades
, b3 ]3 B j+ K! p/ A% l 40. Religious processions5 s; [ F' N- f D7 a4 }
41. Pilgrimages
( z6 c) f, d& w! b L 42. Motorcades: {' w1 W" ~2 D% [
: a2 e5 P, H, Z2 w2 \Honoring the Dead. B; {& p- o0 q" y$ E+ A/ M% u
43. Political mourning
; H/ \8 h! ~7 n 44. Mock funerals* \, y4 L) _; X& X/ K' J t
45. Demonstrative funerals
5 t7 g7 J' l* W! a+ `8 h 46. Homage at burial places5 Y6 J$ M; [/ N; x* f
+ ?. u) |% i+ T4 d* S
Public Assemblies0 ]8 l7 i \$ m9 b# y
47. Assemblies of protest or support
/ T3 J& w7 j6 |! s1 f) z 48. Protest meetings Q% w2 `, [* R2 [' }1 ~3 D4 ~
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 l3 R: u/ n: q* m 50. Teach-ins8 J) u/ O# O5 y& j a% f
% M4 M# D2 P/ LWithdrawal and Renunciation% h* x! S; Z7 Z6 |: T" ~% R' h" U0 U
51. Walk-outs
' G% J& S% X1 F7 N% d 52. Silence5 P- ]. r! n7 g% l9 i/ k5 X! N! P
53. Renouncing honors3 }1 s: n, T I0 ]. X1 L
54. Turning one’s back$ R) y4 B: w6 x5 Y. N+ q, e
" y8 @/ L8 b) A* v, `& s( ~
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) u1 n; f0 e, M+ J# W
0 i) Z( Q/ e2 |9 }, Q- o2 { ( o/ G' ]( w3 X3 a+ c8 z1 D
! V8 W- b2 x5 C5 P: J4 w6 J
Ostracism of Persons/ P# ]; u# R: W9 {9 _9 l
55. Social boycott$ [9 q( z/ q& L: }
56. Selective social boycott" \1 C6 f5 a7 R0 F8 X
57. Lysistratic nonaction
, c1 D N( V% ]& O3 c$ ]; H 58. Excommunication( a6 f! i1 e/ i N% q( X) o
59. Interdict
( l2 c8 n; r% k3 @2 }: O1 Z- P, f" t% r1 J' k$ g8 E" k
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" j) J5 y" [* `" m+ v+ ?% t% _" q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
8 b9 u- Q ^+ P! [ 61. Boycott of social affairs
3 l, W+ U0 O9 z6 O3 J& h U 62. Student strike. _( q/ A$ p2 w& K! X5 o" `
63. Social disobedience$ X+ l4 S: e& @- b; u
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
: ^" ` k5 q+ [7 v' e+ Y
+ V" K) `+ W! hWithdrawal from the Social System
* N7 _2 ~$ `. R. y 65. Stay-at-home6 N! O4 G) s# U U0 V' q7 S7 o6 v
66. Total personal noncooperation
' D5 W* z1 G$ { m2 a( E 67. “Flight” of workers0 [5 f2 x3 c4 ^5 c" q
68. Sanctuary
: c; e# F E" J+ c& d 69. Collective disappearance
+ }& e, l& F2 u) s 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 e$ }4 A+ F7 n! `, E, y- m
2 t* r& W; w' c; q3 }8 k
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% o4 ~. p) j; i1 o/ P! @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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, L! ?4 M* G1 f+ T1 p+ X7 B9 G / i- R9 e2 Q' R9 H) A
Actions by Consumers i6 U5 r' |! [! }5 e% ?; w
71. Consumers’ boycott! v! l, n1 w# c- {4 @4 N
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' }2 j* ^3 ?: N9 D8 Q! m( k 73. Policy of austerity
6 J# c; B/ d6 R1 b 74. Rent withholding2 u: N- \5 y- Y' _7 a; F, J
75. Refusal to rent; i1 Q; N2 Z. ?9 G6 S
76. National consumers’ boycott; L7 K; A& @% f/ F+ b) v9 n
77. International consumers’ boycott
& z3 A: c# x4 S& [4 J9 H* ~1 v9 p( G9 {
Action by Workers and Producers
( I; N1 Z1 i- F, v3 D 78. Workmen’s boycott j# e7 K& c0 h, i& W$ `1 f4 ]
79. Producers’ boycott) d5 C+ {! K& o* ?
" i9 O: Y4 Q$ t" g R
Action by Middlemen# R6 x9 H, e0 n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# Q% f& Q: a; E4 c
# h0 f! r9 d1 G$ kAction by Owners and Management
7 I; j% L+ F Y: g- L 81. Traders’ boycott' m) `: @- l1 C$ R* \9 _8 y) {- a
82. Refusal to let or sell property( k& |+ Z% T( i- n
83. Lockout
/ O# A; Z4 ~, b9 c9 X) D 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; G, h* m6 k8 W1 P5 f
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 C2 l8 E3 R2 _, o- ?0 L' l1 S+ c& e: ^. h# ~
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( {% Q5 f1 R6 r% i4 N$ X$ f 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits* E- ]. w) u) r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 ?1 y& A2 I3 ]+ |" p: O( y4 R6 M 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; m' ?# j! R3 B3 Z! f1 w- ^& u' e 89. Severance of funds and credit
0 s" x/ `: q" k/ G) m 90. Revenue refusal) R& ?/ ~ t! d# k, T% S' z
91. Refusal of a government’s money% T+ d3 r0 p2 _7 a! ]- H- Y
' H! U8 r0 B; g- \5 wAction by Governments6 W- Q% W; a4 z6 w
92. Domestic embargo9 q* M4 B& F* e3 d
93. Blacklisting of traders; C, Z8 ^7 Y4 z( k6 t
94. International sellers’ embargo5 l1 L( F/ g# g1 n& l4 @4 ?) ?
95. International buyers’ embargo
% n; e, t& B! {! l& d 96. International trade embargo
% ?" O3 f. G5 e4 }) f: n- c3 a; ?1 y7 \: n5 p
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6 J* z0 _' h% W% G$ ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ M5 c* D) i/ Z! `
6 k) G* D C# ^: V% i' ~
) `3 A8 B: A" t! _Symbolic Strikes8 t8 v$ D4 u' g9 {, I
97. Protest strike, u/ T' o+ Z7 O- K
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)' m0 l, p9 k) O0 G- N& H' j
1 U6 @4 ]1 M+ U
Agricultural Strikes6 F# d$ _+ R# l# q' ^# _" o
99. Peasant strike
/ R% L8 `6 w4 ~; _9 m 100. Farm Workers’ strike
, r4 J s; k+ ~6 @! U* {! |5 d
8 Z& o* c+ r1 ^; u. H8 }Strikes by Special Groups' \4 m0 h5 l- K5 F3 C1 v& ?% O
101. Refusal of impressed labor
5 w* c) q; f: n' |" S& x4 } 102. Prisoners’ strike$ D; W4 b6 A( l+ w* u" ]
103. Craft strike8 N3 h/ P V) A3 {
104. Professional strike0 h( }; C' n7 M* f5 A2 X
3 [4 m- Q% b; P. ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes
O! O2 z# ?+ v# Y 105. Establishment strike
$ A( G) k$ J, \( T/ ?7 W0 ?% ]# f 106. Industry strike
4 X+ E9 _+ [! x$ A H3 p9 p2 ? 107. Sympathetic strike
1 `: T; J e( t ~( o( j/ R' R9 d( o8 s" a3 ~) }4 y# K1 G
Restricted Strikes$ `, s% A( G. k( ~# N* B
108. Detailed strike
* W" H' y2 ]# o, m, \ D 109. Bumper strike' R2 y# |$ n" _) \
110. Slowdown strike
) M1 k! ?% D% c4 l5 B& L 111. Working-to-rule strike/ @0 K8 c' f# s* E
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in). s9 L: z7 T1 r: R- v- v9 v+ u
113. Strike by resignation8 s! \3 ?9 Q6 l- Q; t: e
114. Limited strike
0 z( c) e4 [$ F& T+ o. U+ F 115. Selective strike/ o- y+ F0 K/ c) E- L
+ y% t) [- t8 w, A
Multi-Industry Strikes
, X7 x4 Q7 ^8 w% X& o8 e
4 w+ z* s* B% L L* n 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
3 _( b* o" ~( m
4 Z5 F2 ?. C' m) a( R: W* O8 [% CCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 w7 b% a V8 V. B! O
+ j2 Q, L! X; D0 |7 l& j 118. Hartal
4 D U1 P/ D& L$ ?# U
* \. F% g+ I# |6 O( F 119. Economic shutdown J% ?* E% s5 d
; N4 L# d* z% ]7 W" s& x
' Z8 H; q# ]0 _! J5 g' J p0 o: c: S3 Z- Z* z+ z/ E
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( \1 U( L- w& e, T, ^' X' E
4 g& Z. J/ }( f0 g; J" I ! r0 h. I" {) {+ J& M8 g
Rejection of Authority
7 Q" G0 z* |7 Y/ @: m- b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( n5 J1 d; f) X& M' q; L
121. Refusal of public support
N$ r& f T; A- L1 _+ F 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% Z/ V! F, V! B* b
, l% L# ?% z" F3 `+ VCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, D' o6 i' Y8 `7 B! I4 M( O 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; N- |% s- s4 q; p
124. Boycott of elections
# W6 m: R% b# U. b 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- \' I* w" \, [' X4 q0 y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
& R9 T+ O9 |8 {/ w& g( s, e/ ] 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 H1 E6 N1 K: @; ~ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 G& o ^5 T+ L% i 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 i s! x8 @! [3 d 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ q6 m* s! j* B, o2 Q) R2 b 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 b: I7 F2 A6 I V; V+ f% o' h( V! v 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) p) [) v7 Q( {( E
$ y8 y! B8 i$ N9 b& [
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ j g7 b8 K$ d1 S; }1 P9 k$ _* H
133. Reluctant and slow compliance( t/ {9 B9 f1 u ?, q$ N
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. n; ^: v7 z) I9 N7 D( b6 w9 X; M 135. Popular nonobedience; w) k4 T5 R) O" R* m$ x( h
136. Disguised disobedience3 P4 ^& ` A9 \- h2 I8 n
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 H2 `1 `4 u/ j7 c- G; @+ I
138. Sitdown
+ m7 C4 \ j! V) ?7 |; Y 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 g) T! j. {4 \6 \# ~, c F
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! u' U4 y8 E8 Z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
- L9 M9 D6 c+ V" ]$ }, a
9 x7 Q0 E& _( j. mAction by Government Personnel8 d- _& S5 B( }& Y+ Q
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 c" L3 \8 t8 L+ b3 t
143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 v1 p& g; D" i1 o X
144. Stalling and obstruction/ l9 S" R$ m: k* o. w, {7 j
145. General administrative noncooperation
4 U* |4 _$ K9 a* y7 p! y$ b% B7 ?3 v0 L k8 Q
146. Judicial noncooperation+ u- B* Y) b2 A& u& U' w7 j
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! D U. R% t4 d
148. Mutiny
( O+ `. [, C) F$ G1 q* Q h' eDomestic Governmental Action
3 p2 x" A0 _) j, I8 L/ G2 o 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; J: o$ W' a7 m8 D1 q2 N; y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' g2 f- ^# h% h' I/ o/ `. ]
- T9 i4 Y( j( j# U, s7 `5 W! ]( K
International Governmental Action
$ F) T7 j" K9 m; v. m0 k/ o; R 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 g, C" x. x' @2 s" j6 ?' F5 e. j 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' r; ]; ]8 y1 Q& x% }4 p6 f 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
# h+ x. D$ a0 T$ V3 S7 V 154. Severance of diplomatic relations% ?9 R1 H/ s9 h g, m' i
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( v7 h3 a& u, C- a 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) u% f4 G6 t" g# |$ r. Z9 A
157. Expulsion from international organizations
% d, f$ h) w' `" ` h" q* _: ]; \9 W4 Y; a4 P* x
7 r. B/ C: Y8 K; i6 e4 h/ L
$ W5 I- f& A7 ^: F, D5 g7 ITHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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% d9 R7 l6 y2 @& G4 ?
/ k) \5 i ?6 R, jPsychological Intervention: e' i3 Q, }: o* S; k C
158. Self-exposure to the elements A! D# t8 ^: B
159. The fast* u% C* U- g: q! r; j2 C: E! ~
a) Fast of moral pressure7 Y0 M3 Z: O0 D9 `9 ^& E8 S) }* D9 f! q
b) Hunger strike% ?1 m, @9 G8 `' {' c! W9 u" P
c) Satyagrahic fast
2 r1 M9 h( k U. [ 160. Reverse trial3 h7 j3 |$ [# n2 q3 G
161. Nonviolent harassment% w5 e3 w% D5 m) T. a. l
' j0 n; ^* y3 |. `
Physical Intervention G% I/ M: l- V. X
162. Sit-in
7 B. U& f' p4 S9 a. C \ 163. Stand-in
2 E) |7 y/ p& Q: W( F8 H, X 164. Ride-in, r M* L" l" C
165. Wade-in5 F, a+ o+ k1 ?" ?9 ]" C8 D4 E
166. Mill-in
* y. _( Z1 D% U 167. Pray-in8 q; E* v9 X$ ^
168. Nonviolent raids
; U% L7 e+ }* {9 w# K8 I) V 169. Nonviolent air raids% N, O. n! \: ]
170. Nonviolent invasion4 C( \( x6 f5 x( q
171. Nonviolent interjection* J+ @! b" ? h* W2 m
172. Nonviolent obstruction' U& |+ _+ e: m3 X% E6 F0 o/ X
173. Nonviolent occupation& r# ~7 h0 ^5 ^" J8 R" ~+ Y
- \) t( |1 X+ U. e+ KSocial Intervention
$ e. b. V, `7 {5 i 174. Establishing new social patterns
' ?) P: Z8 M* T 175. Overloading of facilities
0 Q3 i: m+ R; F. S2 m3 A 176. Stall-in
4 R' U/ C/ i4 w& \" g8 ^ 177. Speak-in- d; @# w5 n7 H3 U
178. Guerrilla theater
6 b4 H. k5 M5 _ e) r5 F. y 179. Alternative social institutions" q# s, Q, x+ p* K5 X& j
180. Alternative communication system5 M x W- G( o3 w8 N( w! H
4 _% Q, K7 N7 t4 g' P1 oEconomic Intervention
T" q7 L4 {" y+ P5 S% J6 u/ G 181. Reverse strike8 M5 C! k# E4 i
182. Stay-in strike4 H5 k% ?' @* e* W( t( g1 X
183. Nonviolent land seizure5 _* Q0 k4 M! F+ i8 v0 u3 w& J3 ^2 {
184. Defiance of blockades1 N( S$ ]5 ^3 a# a# E
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
0 ~3 J6 y- t% J 186. Preclusive purchasing/ P7 L; P* n/ ?! U
187. Seizure of assets
# q& p% |; g* J, |) N! Q 188. Dumping
- Q) d' j$ l& ~ 189. Selective patronage
8 C" W: @. W% s 190. Alternative markets
; D8 G! y' o+ r; F8 x% i% ^8 |' G2 L 191. Alternative transportation systems# K9 x& k4 y& e9 z& P, j7 b" l% m
192. Alternative economic institutions
" v h+ @ A8 J* ~
6 ?& H7 G# }: ?. s' n IPolitical Intervention5 e0 V4 r" q+ l
193. Overloading of administrative systems
- h7 M9 E1 u# y. ^% G1 `8 A: B 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( Q; L: D9 q8 {& N5 c9 l 195. Seeking imprisonment; P" K4 L$ C0 i) L8 R
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ J, W+ c" I! W5 i. Q. G+ E Q
197. Work-on without collaboration
% F/ o, T5 U( y# m 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
