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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 U- V: ^( S5 F- P# R' Z' u
Formal Statements
* d* L- P8 ?' u1 ?# U5 I 1. Public Speeches
" k; f1 e& M a4 w: ~, m 2. Letters of opposition or support P, W$ c- Q6 V" k4 r9 K' v. V
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" P/ v1 g e) F 4. Signed public statements
, `1 J$ R' O! a4 z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention4 v. |; X* d( T# D1 `3 b2 [
6. Group or mass petitions
! Q% O) [6 O6 U7 s% V2 c, h! v+ T
6 w' F/ O& ^; c! CCommunications with a Wider Audience" D! u# o8 n X& Z: B3 G! \% J
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 q) [* g. n5 d4 C
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, f! m; b: w: `9 ~' B
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 s7 ~& Q3 m/ _2 S# H8 O1 ] 10. Newspapers and journals
! o) W( G v: X1 u& f 11. Records, radio, and television
, ` @0 X5 ], y2 c1 e7 v* D4 D 12. Skywriting and earthwriting3 O* a0 g- z* n, A+ _: @5 c
: t" p* a9 O& L6 Y# RGroup Representations
. X8 A' r; p/ F, I6 I) \0 _* j 13. Deputations' ~# p, T2 T4 k
14. Mock awards
4 ~8 z0 U. J k* b1 T 15. Group lobbying
' n) ~$ s) ^9 V: ]4 ]( k 16. Picketing
# E7 d" E7 B" Z 17. Mock elections8 O$ L2 O9 T8 t' d
& i; V; x9 m1 v& ]$ DSymbolic Public Acts0 }0 r) D1 {1 u" G9 M) N
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 k/ n* p. b1 `1 T S/ b 19. Wearing of symbols
1 v5 a+ m- j0 ^6 Q+ ~ 20. Prayer and worship
* `8 c$ W7 _' ?) F; k5 n 21. Delivering symbolic objects
; k" O7 e" B9 f& z8 G" s6 { 22. Protest disrobings, f, O8 k; q( r+ i* B7 r
23. Destruction of own property
3 C" ~& v: D6 a6 g$ V: r- Z' h 24. Symbolic lights
& m( l/ t6 G3 @9 U2 V+ B 25. Displays of portraits
+ [" C J) V2 W: H$ X/ g$ Y9 i J 26. Paint as protest
/ F( b, L1 q' |5 N0 z2 k 27. New signs and names/ j; Z) h, S8 o9 B
28. Symbolic sounds+ a8 {6 O- h8 D. k& R. M
29. Symbolic reclamations
, |" P+ U7 C: b7 V 30. Rude gestures( N W# T: M$ Z" e, U
6 e# i* ^% v& d3 ^' B. a7 c
Pressures on Individuals
( y& \6 L2 D4 n 31. “Haunting” officials
0 n! _# r+ k- C1 z, V1 K. R. L- m 32. Taunting officials
6 V5 C6 S2 x* O" g- P 33. Fraternization
6 d5 @6 _; h/ F9 {8 a% @ 34. Vigils4 j/ f) E4 G5 g, h
! T; U- }1 H/ D' X
Drama and Music
( T9 P. U8 `$ K, s, c& f 35. Humorous skits and pranks4 q* J& k$ V) i6 t& z5 g
36. Performances of plays and music
3 v7 o/ |% C K 37. Singing
. q9 m' F' J% h1 x- h |& l- q# T; _% z, Z: n* F7 ^8 t: L) M/ N
Processions/ p! E; W: m% F( I3 `
38. Marches
/ M4 r) N0 M) ^& Z) L 39. Parades
$ I0 }4 F/ u# }" Z 40. Religious processions5 K# s7 S, j% p
41. Pilgrimages$ ?6 b5 i; y- g7 p k" N6 v* }' G
42. Motorcades
! \* ~1 \5 a, A: g1 r6 K9 y# v+ F* T" }! j) r
Honoring the Dead
0 |& S7 W) p# k5 o4 H 43. Political mourning2 v; ?; z: X. I6 c5 X+ [
44. Mock funerals
6 ?! v Q) e. x' c6 ]9 j6 R( o 45. Demonstrative funerals( m# F$ P, |- w
46. Homage at burial places
9 i" u" u1 d& r. ] H0 L- @7 W
2 z& L5 ~: S' o$ W* ^; i1 c. h. \! cPublic Assemblies
W B; ?9 D _3 `% O 47. Assemblies of protest or support) U7 ?' A4 |& m( z D! D( E
48. Protest meetings
% b) z4 H) _! z5 G& }4 W* j 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ J) M; l" _0 x9 M% C 50. Teach-ins
+ { Z# A2 U; v) B3 ]4 N: u% j; x
" w, ^6 i5 x0 i7 TWithdrawal and Renunciation
, ~6 Z% N4 f2 q O 51. Walk-outs
- e& m7 }4 `7 u 52. Silence' l, g6 x6 ~2 K
53. Renouncing honors. x2 ~. b2 \( w' C& s; y' ]
54. Turning one’s back5 e8 a! C4 x/ J0 s6 A
% M T$ w8 V) p' w t# }3 R 2 w8 v5 ^: P* N; y! M) v6 W J# W
4 q' l# v& R: t; A4 l0 |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION; s. s7 W9 r- T0 \9 m
0 q, y$ _3 C/ H3 F" @# i
7 H( e% j+ Z3 \8 H2 C- _' p7 q" X6 m" [
Ostracism of Persons# `. g8 Z' J- I; f- j$ _- [
55. Social boycott( T g" D2 U( _3 n$ R* O0 N
56. Selective social boycott6 z9 T, Y+ Z- i! ~# o
57. Lysistratic nonaction
: u7 h# S0 d1 `% e 58. Excommunication
, L! r) @8 k: {0 n/ c; Z) B 59. Interdict, d$ c0 @( s+ l' M9 L) S8 J7 G
/ y. ~5 M4 t4 X8 Q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions4 P: N( c# N! B! A: v
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( P/ _% U8 B5 F$ s 61. Boycott of social affairs
, \3 I! H! J, e7 s) `5 ^" X 62. Student strike' z# W" ?# _2 r" {! S
63. Social disobedience
) q6 j4 ?) e* O5 K; Z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! Y+ ]1 x& F2 c2 e( R# z# t
9 Y+ ~3 E% H1 z- a# L1 ZWithdrawal from the Social System
3 y8 x1 o# J! ^. `7 D) K 65. Stay-at-home
( m' Q) ^9 b; F& }5 B' S& C 66. Total personal noncooperation1 z% k2 ~. D: \
67. “Flight” of workers
* J$ Y* ?' U3 J. v+ ^ 68. Sanctuary
0 H! z/ ~# n5 } 69. Collective disappearance3 m" P6 a, l/ x m; Y
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 V- y& P. Q: F2 r/ {+ v5 J
7 W% ]8 Z" T/ q4 L/ F6 j; s
2 d" }! |) Y. Q9 V6 o
& j% P( ~0 i" D+ q2 o+ M6 XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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6 p: D! ]# r( m1 t2 P% Y" PActions by Consumers
$ ?+ k2 P" g1 o- C7 ?4 _/ p* A 71. Consumers’ boycott
0 [1 O. q* i7 T2 c8 W; Z1 k 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 L6 X8 F0 k7 |& h. _7 V2 G# P" A
73. Policy of austerity
& U# s& j8 X5 ?$ c 74. Rent withholding
) U7 d6 Q9 N% |7 G" _% N- w) k" N 75. Refusal to rent
i7 R# ]$ W; [* G: a 76. National consumers’ boycott) T! e ?- C) x6 b1 I8 a
77. International consumers’ boycott1 k5 y6 t# V3 Z# u* v" b# v
. J [* r' F9 G$ O4 sAction by Workers and Producers
+ _ ?) j+ M4 _ 78. Workmen’s boycott
. O5 T! `% R$ F3 c5 v 79. Producers’ boycott
' ~6 L1 ^# E% L" ]( B& j( n: I' B- _) E. }' V$ p: q* A
Action by Middlemen
8 n* K4 L& h7 P1 a5 H/ N+ Q' k, D: Y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
! J3 E" r# {5 {6 ~5 D; W5 |$ K3 Y$ J" D A; m
Action by Owners and Management
7 s) o% k' J5 U* x3 d 81. Traders’ boycott
, @/ }) S6 O$ d; D 82. Refusal to let or sell property
& ^) E/ U& q" s, }" V 83. Lockout
% X% `2 i- p: z# g- O5 E 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; Q' l9 X' p3 D$ ^5 D3 J
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. \- Y/ L( g u$ [* b D# m4 a8 p% p8 v1 X
Action by Holders of Financial Resources1 l" x9 |# g9 q; W! f4 r( U6 K
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits6 P4 A! A4 H, M' l9 {2 I9 W+ L
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 y9 K0 I. ]0 v8 C( Z- Z7 x' N 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. n3 R6 }2 h; G% d+ d8 K! ?0 \
89. Severance of funds and credit
" @5 g/ X& P/ g1 }& b [0 W 90. Revenue refusal
8 Z0 } `6 Z" o 91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 i" K( e r+ t6 t
* b3 E$ }2 `5 E2 t! CAction by Governments+ { |) r; A9 s# O3 i) A6 V0 l
92. Domestic embargo, |* r3 u6 ~* j# ^
93. Blacklisting of traders% Y# ?* y% H2 F, {
94. International sellers’ embargo
8 b! K: [. O( S1 F( ]0 R 95. International buyers’ embargo
) X3 N4 m. E6 Q; j$ Z 96. International trade embargo
1 _( x8 U! Q+ y/ ` m0 T" a7 j8 e- [! |9 \3 Y3 P
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4 M( y: w0 L: {( P% ^
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 e1 E* J( `+ h# ~# b3 R% O
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G% }; V0 A( `/ z O
Symbolic Strikes
( k6 {2 c w ?, ` ^# r 97. Protest strike
) p6 k R$ e2 \" S$ e 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 P: R/ P H3 u- l; x' |+ \8 K% E1 ^# D+ G9 N! I; B, M
Agricultural Strikes
/ u! \8 ~% @" n4 Y) W 99. Peasant strike3 F+ P* E5 n( V4 D+ }% M
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ C: {3 o* Q/ R `, G! j$ z+ Y
) B# K% I4 e7 p. I% C7 N* Y8 S
Strikes by Special Groups
- A: K: [+ G+ I) ]6 v1 K0 B" p, T 101. Refusal of impressed labor
, ?/ U. x$ e& u7 K. V* ~; ^ 102. Prisoners’ strike
( Y. H" I# j% q* C+ {# P: _ 103. Craft strike+ r& W/ e8 P& X ?7 Q
104. Professional strike
% R+ ?+ O d3 B" E; x
- s/ H4 `2 f. y3 w2 M6 }) AOrdinary Industrial Strikes5 Y1 x$ X f* g0 f
105. Establishment strike
# n) A4 P2 j: y: J* Q 106. Industry strike
5 D: |: J6 ^. U# m; _( z2 W1 G 107. Sympathetic strike
% p c, P6 Z R0 g: O: T7 _% L/ ~+ r9 G; |& U/ ]1 V+ ^
Restricted Strikes7 J0 K4 ?8 l/ Z- t- L
108. Detailed strike
, Q X4 d/ c% ` 109. Bumper strike
9 w; C2 M) l! H# l" ]7 ] 110. Slowdown strike
% W. j( |$ F$ B0 j- c 111. Working-to-rule strike; l9 p& W2 x$ Q7 y$ d b
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* Q/ k" ]5 L: u. |) E6 k( H6 w 113. Strike by resignation
$ T& v4 s9 M7 f% X8 B0 V 114. Limited strike0 R+ Q* x e$ R1 u5 [; ?, U
115. Selective strike8 m( x. {) w) }
1 A; ?+ j0 M; F/ a; y1 ~Multi-Industry Strikes
* z, d. {3 n& _1 E. R0 o" j$ T
" a+ }8 [+ `4 G9 m7 H; K$ ? 116. Generalized strike
$ G* }1 k6 o, N% Q, E* P+ t
5 S4 J$ U* ~) w( I0 m 117. General strike
) E7 I5 N1 G6 O- D2 G& `7 a* ?8 M6 ]
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! U$ r- p. x- y' }" a4 A
- {1 b! T7 u* t# n$ M: r 118. Hartal& ^1 n e0 k# x" D+ |" Y
4 E R9 }2 m# ?* r( B 119. Economic shutdown
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N4 O7 R( G/ N' z& R
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' Z/ R: v& {* k& Q& lTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( ]5 ?) `! p% B3 s2 y+ ^! R8 y" I! q- M
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Rejection of Authority
% W; W1 z6 `, \6 R, U( s2 e3 x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 k! h% j# A6 U 121. Refusal of public support
' u3 G- l; k% Y' S2 I% h c* i8 t 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
8 o1 e; ?9 [3 a4 o7 v8 R [9 [& G3 U* C( `5 O
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
# t1 T1 ^' D' I8 E1 O3 ] 123. Boycott of legislative bodies, G0 }+ C& e4 W8 L$ ^% r( [
124. Boycott of elections. T" ~; z- O: I' S* q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions" a, O+ Z' f# F3 [( `3 `" [0 @
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; W! j+ p/ Y0 X" [, G! ` 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions l/ o. X% D5 V* \7 a& n% s
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& M* `7 b% L5 \8 K
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 e9 [! _% g# e( s
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks3 [4 F- y8 N, c' z8 t7 w: ]8 _
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( u( U- x% L% C3 n# }' Q
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 a0 l: v3 h5 `1 I! O/ r8 c$ e6 s
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
2 _ |2 K1 ~/ a1 {! q/ x/ O7 X 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: @$ ~& f! N4 \. j4 \ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) t. C/ ]5 p, j7 x" @
135. Popular nonobedience
* E, D* m/ k& b! W 136. Disguised disobedience- j* ^; S5 ?1 K1 I$ n: y8 g ~
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ o# H8 _5 n: C4 H5 o 138. Sitdown6 s5 e7 T3 h6 }
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# ?; U0 t6 {/ W) X' W
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: r3 G$ D) Z l4 x2 ?
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& g/ ~" m1 o* J9 z4 r, G- v! f2 W3 I; n6 F$ V5 L
Action by Government Personnel I0 M' ]$ ^: N" i2 R. O
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! a$ [, M3 Q& O/ b2 P
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. s. C; J0 L: p: Y% J 144. Stalling and obstruction5 {9 k, z0 i U; e
145. General administrative noncooperation
1 }$ y- a: l% c, a. f
; ~" k7 n+ t+ R# i# _, O. } 146. Judicial noncooperation
& |" ?+ @) l% Z6 _: u/ c% O 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents$ R" L! y3 B. @ U
148. Mutiny7 b6 T4 Q. @: g2 q% B
Domestic Governmental Action
. N! M2 ?/ L5 a7 b! |1 T* x' C# q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 t& I7 b9 q) L; A# D" B8 f. j! D
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ r6 a$ Z1 I/ ?3 [5 V3 g' j3 p
8 f# `/ b: g' j3 A
International Governmental Action6 T# V, ?% h' \4 y' Z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 U9 z! @7 C4 g& _7 P3 V( `
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
6 D- N$ C5 e" p3 z! `* k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) v4 l `0 B5 K& W
154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ g0 ~' G9 |' z5 R1 G, B h7 y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations9 i4 S: K1 M _" J4 }5 J7 R
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, j8 {0 H2 T8 x3 I5 X
157. Expulsion from international organizations9 y- s2 L/ T, C) J1 p+ L
% M c( K- ]2 G1 x9 q9 [
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. L! g1 r: E. N4 t. PTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
6 W& l! A; _( K3 I5 G) I 158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 I8 v$ b, N3 `% x- \" i 159. The fast. L5 q: N0 E q
a) Fast of moral pressure4 {9 P/ Q, r0 Z3 S
b) Hunger strike
; Z9 i& ^' H+ \$ M% v c) Satyagrahic fast4 L# q/ o. i* Q" l) H6 X6 c% w
160. Reverse trial
9 x1 e" { Y" A, A 161. Nonviolent harassment
! N0 Z' Z9 Y& G- B+ o. N+ q2 J, U5 P: R! L& s4 j# `1 N, B: q
Physical Intervention1 J2 }* ^% [' L# b5 o
162. Sit-in
' h( |2 e+ U1 h- ` 163. Stand-in
' L* x9 E5 B6 M( d 164. Ride-in( R) A8 E/ ^& _/ A3 f3 o
165. Wade-in
$ T# F$ _* ~6 f) S- ^ p9 z 166. Mill-in: Q3 e" x0 k+ y" `) d1 x: b% x2 a
167. Pray-in
1 _2 w: W- C" X# q8 B. x2 u( P3 C: D: C 168. Nonviolent raids
& `4 f. J; M- b" Z { 169. Nonviolent air raids# D, [' [2 W7 v2 G
170. Nonviolent invasion: C) Z& u/ R* o" Q& k
171. Nonviolent interjection# ]5 Q/ E- F5 ?! v- {/ @' L
172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 n4 Z% t- y9 B1 |1 }8 z 173. Nonviolent occupation- k$ q9 s5 `+ C2 M. J
3 J( H' a6 C0 J4 _9 USocial Intervention
; G4 s2 T& R) {1 r 174. Establishing new social patterns& o2 C9 s2 W. k5 j0 N; V! ~( i) f0 K
175. Overloading of facilities
1 Z& Q7 g) D8 Y* G6 `5 ^ 176. Stall-in
/ J% s6 J4 B9 g+ I4 d% j 177. Speak-in
v: ~2 v/ [ T$ [8 J 178. Guerrilla theater
+ }8 Q6 R5 c5 Z: q7 G+ a 179. Alternative social institutions. w/ x- ]' G6 r/ y7 ~- U$ ~1 g
180. Alternative communication system
$ d2 I* q. }/ \6 F; ]0 d$ y P2 B3 X H3 D4 l2 P
Economic Intervention7 C- k6 F/ M" Z5 T4 K
181. Reverse strike
a+ f0 `0 B8 S3 e 182. Stay-in strike3 C/ J+ C/ `( h5 A5 \' m& z- h
183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 k& n6 S* n% t! b/ m0 q3 e 184. Defiance of blockades- R" ^0 R6 \1 k: i A |+ J* o
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" T# a2 R% E$ u" f: k 186. Preclusive purchasing
3 N5 m6 v" }4 k3 x, S K 187. Seizure of assets
5 @+ e$ E% U3 s7 X T 188. Dumping. \8 x/ T) D8 s3 k3 l3 p
189. Selective patronage2 A: V8 k" P, s! V: @
190. Alternative markets
$ C: c: o% @, M; S7 Z 191. Alternative transportation systems' t% R. G+ t9 I- |$ i5 p
192. Alternative economic institutions
7 P" P" o9 {, s4 i9 ?7 M, g+ l/ f3 g. H# f, C5 U; p) P+ U7 f. H
Political Intervention
7 p$ d4 X7 ~# @2 c 193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 p! J5 M/ Z# T( C: [; ^ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( T* d. w y @1 \6 ~ 195. Seeking imprisonment4 K8 @/ i& q$ ?- J
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
5 l4 u' a8 P3 R1 }2 v4 j) c 197. Work-on without collaboration
/ O& T3 q" P8 [% J( `1 I9 O 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' Z+ o6 {5 r3 a8 d, G, C2 m1 t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
