 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* K) g8 v7 r$ \2 u* d v; XFormal Statements
; L6 p4 @, I' H 1. Public Speeches ~1 n+ o' S$ ? }3 P
2. Letters of opposition or support8 r* j( p7 n! W; v t
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- S( T3 s& [/ S+ ~2 ], D# ?
4. Signed public statements
% T- Y, G; }% m+ f8 n3 m- B 5. Declarations of indictment and intention' Z" c" @! _$ F( \% `8 D
6. Group or mass petitions1 e8 f( [: U$ Y! P# }4 ?8 M# a
) _. x, H+ ~4 y3 W( _4 b# n1 r
Communications with a Wider Audience
4 \1 A7 K, Y! }: f( I5 q" L 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 ]) W8 l' f4 w
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! _. \7 q* A- l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 T& Z4 S- V% Z P 10. Newspapers and journals
# n' F0 {4 J; E. L! L 11. Records, radio, and television
* u0 Z) s8 x3 D/ x, Q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 ?: z1 k9 {( ~5 F; `, [& X) R0 Q+ u+ s
Group Representations
& \8 |8 l$ Z9 Q* K( X. \ 13. Deputations1 K( W4 Z2 w' P: M N( N
14. Mock awards$ T% e8 h9 V$ u) s, {% h
15. Group lobbying+ c ~8 P8 \/ K
16. Picketing: Q9 G; ] C w' S( f6 K
17. Mock elections
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Q' E, ?9 K/ n- {& D7 p% zSymbolic Public Acts
7 }% X' [- V+ m2 g. m) V 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: n7 i* ?+ k* Y8 _: G5 D7 { 19. Wearing of symbols
* p" p7 |0 h6 B% j+ r) B 20. Prayer and worship
1 K% Q0 k% ~& o 21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 y/ p$ L2 V- S9 A 22. Protest disrobings2 J; ~9 K- _( Q: t$ I9 O+ [5 n
23. Destruction of own property
- M! B5 V7 B _# U7 A& C 24. Symbolic lights
& H* P2 @. ^1 P; k6 F h$ ^ 25. Displays of portraits2 o0 p- H# F( U, Q, ]% Y4 e
26. Paint as protest6 o4 I9 J L4 c' j1 p7 h0 o* P
27. New signs and names' g1 n& ?4 S( U+ N( i& _ v
28. Symbolic sounds+ h& u2 j2 H: G, N0 N, ?# i2 D0 _
29. Symbolic reclamations$ H6 m, e$ m$ ]5 ?
30. Rude gestures
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Pressures on Individuals
' |, R+ D V2 }+ }- t 31. “Haunting” officials2 `/ W, u% ^) e2 S/ ^' ?
32. Taunting officials
! ?$ f' |5 G8 H% G7 g' I5 S* } 33. Fraternization
$ O9 E `) Y5 m! k8 x+ | 34. Vigils% d$ U- A/ y# E/ r/ E# w+ _, F
4 W0 q0 O! g9 G! v8 W4 t+ UDrama and Music
5 c, x# }+ G+ P! |7 |* e 35. Humorous skits and pranks% f. J* N- Z+ M) N) X' X2 J
36. Performances of plays and music7 Q, K) G9 r- Y9 s6 a( @
37. Singing
A9 V* D, q1 R0 o" S. I% o5 r" r9 |1 `5 X
Processions
( K1 G& c! E% p/ l: f+ { 38. Marches6 X7 d. V$ ~! ^
39. Parades5 u" y+ v' T7 Z! g! o
40. Religious processions( z5 M0 O, K; U+ k1 ~! ~! |6 s0 F
41. Pilgrimages3 l: C1 Q( B; y1 Y
42. Motorcades
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. _: V, d# m$ UHonoring the Dead
" L* w5 B- H% [, T 43. Political mourning
; z$ d' j) P7 y4 B1 G 44. Mock funerals
# n3 \! |: \- L$ z6 T 45. Demonstrative funerals7 J( c0 X; h2 }$ M' T) T9 V% i) w- D
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies8 }4 Y2 D, w( v2 v
47. Assemblies of protest or support! M. D* Y6 R2 e
48. Protest meetings
& \- y7 w) }4 ]# f- r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( _5 A G9 I5 s" @* e2 \
50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation
' c& K2 h* b6 V2 t 51. Walk-outs& q7 ?! u5 @% k; t
52. Silence
$ F. M5 x: Z) d" b6 ^ 53. Renouncing honors
: T; X% s" L6 I+ r. q7 y9 P* s9 H9 w 54. Turning one’s back) X+ r" p; g$ n
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ C. m- \( [7 ~- k1 ^4 I `" T6 F8 \. I) G* f% [+ T2 y
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Ostracism of Persons
: s6 h4 e4 j+ D$ u6 \& L% h 55. Social boycott& m/ u% {9 _; O( ]. A) c/ t$ I! U9 x
56. Selective social boycott$ Q; x9 N: |4 u1 r( t
57. Lysistratic nonaction1 K& Q2 `/ Q4 l& ?& J% M6 N3 H
58. Excommunication
# l# T; Z& q* v) C2 @ c 59. Interdict- O) D! Y. j2 p# w7 L C
: x" f5 s' Z" W$ v! T9 w/ jNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ o2 ~' o- L/ l* X
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# f7 H6 D, V- _; M3 f 61. Boycott of social affairs' v( V) b8 a( ^
62. Student strike6 k% y1 z5 s" B- E/ z! P% @; F# O2 U
63. Social disobedience
& E; _- m7 _( k 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
X( V9 G9 B9 R5 Y2 R" c: l* @4 b0 d+ F6 {
Withdrawal from the Social System ^3 u9 z1 Z" A: P4 K( r/ j
65. Stay-at-home
5 P6 V! L$ {2 v7 H* h6 L* m 66. Total personal noncooperation
) G$ Q6 Y& J5 B1 t! k( r7 { 67. “Flight” of workers
9 O& \' a) k. o. O% n 68. Sanctuary
; F( x9 o7 ~+ p! L/ g" } 69. Collective disappearance
- B5 Y/ z0 i" p, \/ j$ j 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
. x! |; F5 N( r' n2 ] J( g/ `( r 71. Consumers’ boycott
- p; C* e: H8 v! q: N/ p 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* f' Y6 {$ @2 z; P6 C V 73. Policy of austerity& u, d& X4 L& J$ j1 z
74. Rent withholding; v. u1 ?) ]( R4 d# g
75. Refusal to rent
/ q4 |" y3 t3 f3 C. U 76. National consumers’ boycott p m: U- P' ~" m- h) V
77. International consumers’ boycott
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]. ?5 j p L- I' l: ZAction by Workers and Producers5 G8 O# ?9 N, C. o) A2 a$ d
78. Workmen’s boycott/ L3 {% _/ c4 H8 ~# y3 Q9 a" d
79. Producers’ boycott
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; I5 Q" ]' ]0 a% P$ k# ~* uAction by Middlemen
$ }! ^, M8 c+ L8 M, m3 @ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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7 _) C# K5 \# j4 d, m5 iAction by Owners and Management, b. T) r% @- d j2 M$ T9 U6 a6 X
81. Traders’ boycott- X# ]! U" q; X C' ?' u
82. Refusal to let or sell property. A* K# f& l4 D* e. p: }, I
83. Lockout
" H4 h# l' \- h 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 S: I9 N) M& S' C9 S! m5 T5 O 85. Merchants’ “general strike”, S# Y6 M3 z+ ^
9 O( t# a9 W3 Q8 e7 v
Action by Holders of Financial Resources7 q8 C8 o( ]8 W/ X) v! S
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ `( V: H$ @1 P. @6 M: L( [ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' x! \3 C+ O! C, z( N 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 {/ ?& T" F; \9 w& c 89. Severance of funds and credit$ A/ X# R0 L" O" T `, k
90. Revenue refusal
4 r8 |: V' g& G2 F; m 91. Refusal of a government’s money6 s' I7 I$ P$ b6 \) }: Q6 L
* e# [9 H4 N* }0 b9 V
Action by Governments% b" ]) y0 g B7 Q$ r1 L
92. Domestic embargo9 T; g9 i8 N0 ^! U' }
93. Blacklisting of traders4 N6 X1 u4 V3 B
94. International sellers’ embargo
I! K/ \ ^: E6 y- P8 C 95. International buyers’ embargo
7 ]1 O$ M& E ]4 D7 k: j* F 96. International trade embargo
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0 x6 {4 ?: g7 u6 O+ x- f/ QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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4 E1 j5 a3 j* D H6 JSymbolic Strikes/ q$ ~* _/ Z. J3 ~' }* l
97. Protest strike
' E3 v" c% D/ E* Z 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ B8 Y6 ]) {4 H. w8 D3 L
' N7 |6 f2 W% T/ n# x. ?
Agricultural Strikes7 X7 K( o4 S. W
99. Peasant strike, ~! ^6 R9 [0 p) F& i% o9 l
100. Farm Workers’ strike
( H: N1 a& q9 X. o$ j& G- [4 `& ^" \! H0 S8 V" v
Strikes by Special Groups
& P9 V7 ]' T4 m$ g" c# i 101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 C; q0 T- S- X( ^3 d' m1 d% o6 x 102. Prisoners’ strike
: x9 ~- `5 E' T4 P( e7 h9 O 103. Craft strike" Q, ^/ L7 ~, I8 Y
104. Professional strike& ~6 g9 z8 P) G3 Z5 u! S8 e: V
0 o8 F7 y6 ] i6 g( d, o9 s3 WOrdinary Industrial Strikes
5 h: d$ B1 ^# l4 M: S9 n4 ]1 p 105. Establishment strike
# `) i1 _7 ^5 u( H1 w 106. Industry strike
# T! H& c1 r/ V8 e3 r F! { 107. Sympathetic strike
5 n* ]: Y" i! `: }
) `9 p2 n# N) l) x7 nRestricted Strikes
9 ?# x, Q- z6 G- _ 108. Detailed strike
" Y( @ X( i" c! E1 `9 z N& w, U 109. Bumper strike! K1 f$ x1 p# f6 K, S' g
110. Slowdown strike
2 ?% U% h! t4 M. W4 W" h$ h4 r' N 111. Working-to-rule strike
( `; U( V9 l4 l$ \ N7 q. n# z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ b# e4 j. `: \+ i 113. Strike by resignation1 }+ R3 y; s2 U9 m% q% N
114. Limited strike
; W) j* M* v8 i 115. Selective strike
6 J9 V |& l' O% p, E) d2 j
1 Y! a. a1 j( P" V+ ^Multi-Industry Strikes
2 j. e a% K: ^+ H9 Z/ t( C$ e
5 |) ]! _6 J$ G" l% c 116. Generalized strike9 W* i4 ]: E, g" ]0 k" _
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal8 j/ h9 F3 [! F& l; {
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119. Economic shutdown0 ]/ K8 X# h2 h- B! {! v' Q% ]0 f D
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
% S) d0 x0 t" z4 E 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* J. J9 @. s2 o( |* R 121. Refusal of public support
' }0 ^( a& s2 P3 Q! b 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; c8 w2 A. i' i T8 i4 P
k2 ~0 _4 M4 |, V/ ACitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% _( X# |0 w2 z( Y" c( h: t 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: X5 N* N5 a$ r! [( @% B, H 124. Boycott of elections( B! S" w8 v- ~4 v
125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 q$ \( T" d! ^9 `
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies2 u- e8 R/ u/ h* e
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# E6 B; C+ i2 j+ f4 F 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* Z1 j# S9 d o0 b 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: G* A/ g# b. k- b: H0 f
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
7 ] e1 M m1 R6 ?/ k* s1 h 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, i' _8 F6 ~3 j1 ~3 \" H( N
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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, j( {! j$ }7 A: e% qCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 O5 _9 E' B2 d; y% @+ G
133. Reluctant and slow compliance) C" y) s# b. M
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( l0 u- R( C0 @7 P& F2 r( s 135. Popular nonobedience
, o$ l' J* b, L, k 136. Disguised disobedience" u/ O% y+ M+ X, H: F
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ \# n5 I2 x: D( A0 [! B 138. Sitdown1 K. \, r7 L% Y+ h; Q& G1 h
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& f E7 {2 O$ q7 [ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, d) P. }4 j0 X! M9 @' R! I
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 X. ]4 ^) U2 V* U4 Q
; z0 Q2 q4 z0 s+ ]- c5 V/ z' ^Action by Government Personnel1 `" n% t4 R7 M
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 s' a$ Z4 k* i* z/ K
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! j$ w0 K8 Y* `
144. Stalling and obstruction
3 s5 t$ f6 S' B) q. F& `1 P 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 U/ l7 S& v/ ] J, d
+ } }3 @7 [1 C3 _4 K6 I 146. Judicial noncooperation5 i- H8 b5 Q/ Z4 p/ g
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; w6 s" `' C$ D7 @# r6 a
148. Mutiny3 A' X' z$ {' H3 H: g
Domestic Governmental Action# y) S8 [# Q0 h k! Q+ c& w2 U/ E
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# |. V3 T3 x N, o- T
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action
5 H& P7 a2 {! a7 K; D# i 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. k+ P; d" q! N6 N; _ @
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 B1 R: Z. k2 m$ g, k
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" w8 A3 V9 H! a* {5 \$ Z
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 o* U& b: p/ P& t+ j2 P" V 155. Withdrawal from international organizations9 R k5 X B6 \( q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% v; _+ A" }* d/ Z8 a& }
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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: ~3 M) x6 s7 Z$ HTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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N5 ^9 k' x# h8 IPsychological Intervention
9 o! |/ l& e2 L7 X3 R 158. Self-exposure to the elements1 e \' C' Z: {' d9 K
159. The fast
" n, {) `$ ?& F2 S V9 x! M a) Fast of moral pressure
) t0 A( R4 `' _% C0 s, ] b) Hunger strike
( P+ \1 d$ j' B. O; p; |( k5 I c) Satyagrahic fast$ I2 V6 C @/ D7 _2 {( S* u# S
160. Reverse trial
0 X2 w. ]% R, ^/ h# j 161. Nonviolent harassment
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; }: C! H: k) P# ]/ X9 U- M8 @: pPhysical Intervention" X2 f7 s* A' _5 o% P; Q d
162. Sit-in9 j) K. X. a5 i/ y" P7 q( k; J
163. Stand-in
' A2 z4 R- ?5 \; Y 164. Ride-in. V- t8 ^ l v; j. G
165. Wade-in
3 ~- ]- W! U& ^6 l" V 166. Mill-in
@/ ~" o" P4 k5 S- H: [9 U E9 q 167. Pray-in+ U( `3 ~- R0 N; s/ Z7 {7 b
168. Nonviolent raids
# V- }# y- N2 Y- Z/ S) K2 Q& X 169. Nonviolent air raids
, ^6 N: u2 ]+ y+ M) A 170. Nonviolent invasion
1 S1 d3 F" H5 @/ _$ j 171. Nonviolent interjection
% o8 n" S% V4 ^9 E8 A. t& v, i 172. Nonviolent obstruction
L8 N2 u8 g( }; ^9 } X 173. Nonviolent occupation- f7 S- L8 C4 X+ k; j
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Social Intervention6 I) E! j2 Q# ?8 Q$ w
174. Establishing new social patterns9 V/ a- ^9 h3 ?: w& I& l
175. Overloading of facilities, w v3 j) {, G
176. Stall-in
# {9 }1 ~) m) j# g, u 177. Speak-in
3 Q r& z" P8 H/ I 178. Guerrilla theater
0 j! i9 p! f. l9 j9 U 179. Alternative social institutions
2 E- U! S: J. `8 g0 E 180. Alternative communication system4 Z1 t- s8 e8 e# w0 u4 e
- s* Z$ K$ Z5 r7 }, a7 D" [Economic Intervention7 K$ X% M/ c/ `: X
181. Reverse strike
+ E9 F) Q5 I- R4 _7 l 182. Stay-in strike8 D6 D- S7 P3 s# b- D2 y4 p4 k ]
183. Nonviolent land seizure
9 |( |! w& x& m7 p, H0 t8 m, F 184. Defiance of blockades
3 e, w. S. J% v2 C' H, U" G 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- n, K P( x1 n& B2 j5 v 186. Preclusive purchasing
/ s0 z) M2 k+ e% u5 H0 K7 }: z9 ]3 M7 S 187. Seizure of assets
8 E5 W. N L& ~ 188. Dumping! J+ j3 S1 k$ y2 V! `- `
189. Selective patronage
4 g, l a, d [; c; x 190. Alternative markets) S) @* O# Z0 t# {& F5 d4 U
191. Alternative transportation systems6 U; f: N# x3 {6 t
192. Alternative economic institutions& x4 J: p1 f+ Z n5 T
( `9 F. p5 D; U- C1 F% rPolitical Intervention
8 Y5 o& o0 @" Y# ? 193. Overloading of administrative systems6 Y( h) Y6 Z- b5 T: ~5 k
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' e5 V# N8 \" _' { y
195. Seeking imprisonment
* H2 Y% S2 S6 ]4 k 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws) M% ]; n( T8 V; g( W, t
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 y$ I; b" K3 q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
