 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, J7 o x1 G0 \% p% \7 E4 oFormal Statements
% \9 z3 U8 c6 D! T) ?8 }2 T) a 1. Public Speeches
|" L. @. J/ H( I' \ @" Q& S 2. Letters of opposition or support
; ]4 i2 o; V" w$ F( t 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 e6 F1 G9 I0 e/ M* M
4. Signed public statements9 T3 {6 z2 J( W# H
5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 W, O$ T: f ~( ?
6. Group or mass petitions: G% g, f1 E2 Z! ?1 H# j' V3 f
/ N& M& n/ t9 d" i7 C
Communications with a Wider Audience& u# r: D1 C+ m7 G3 @
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 M9 D/ L" L0 q$ Q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
( `# g" k1 ~1 ?3 J/ h) ]2 g6 x. t# E/ Z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
& e1 A, M8 ^, b& R5 T c 10. Newspapers and journals3 ^! o/ h1 L& y1 O& }2 n" \
11. Records, radio, and television, D/ s; B' L1 b x
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
) Q0 l5 {) F5 C: Y" s+ |
5 v' t8 [ \' Z4 G' M$ o, c( LGroup Representations0 x9 M, ]1 Z# r
13. Deputations
- {! h/ V& Y" a8 _# N5 t9 v$ I 14. Mock awards% t& [2 a5 z* d) Q* n- R
15. Group lobbying' F: i$ e( x4 y1 i) P M
16. Picketing- z1 j5 B T( v* O
17. Mock elections7 X7 T3 a/ G9 B
( R2 p! Y1 j3 f/ T* x, C, b' gSymbolic Public Acts
" k; e3 Z; X7 ~& R" S2 {5 I 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 f5 B) S5 l# K: n a' r5 v" N, N
19. Wearing of symbols, Q; `# f7 i. u
20. Prayer and worship
1 g4 F! O O @& K$ ]2 s, C 21. Delivering symbolic objects. ]0 n) A, M3 l2 w/ m
22. Protest disrobings
% z# t' J) D) I7 ^ 23. Destruction of own property
6 x; j" g9 G2 e, T 24. Symbolic lights
0 v( Q3 x1 P m% H; ~ ?' A 25. Displays of portraits' |0 U0 s0 c/ y
26. Paint as protest
! V! |/ N+ e) T: A/ E+ |; s 27. New signs and names
- \7 t, n3 T" i( d6 k7 k+ B 28. Symbolic sounds
6 f% I6 Y+ R1 a 29. Symbolic reclamations# A& ?2 T" J* M. F: D
30. Rude gestures
8 F/ K B$ J% x1 b' x0 p, M7 Y/ W* A/ C" D. x& I* a& g! v7 C
Pressures on Individuals
1 _* K* O" ~7 t: u1 z0 ]8 u4 l; l 31. “Haunting” officials
( B" `# ?0 u4 e9 p8 B' `/ t6 m G 32. Taunting officials$ N7 M6 C; V/ [7 N+ w
33. Fraternization
B$ v0 f+ q5 K) X& Y7 P 34. Vigils; \- Q3 I; f7 f, G
. T8 r! \% g9 E- U+ IDrama and Music
; N! e0 ~( \+ H: }8 {9 U 35. Humorous skits and pranks* J3 Z! {+ ~# s
36. Performances of plays and music% r- |2 Y. E3 f9 u" A# p
37. Singing' w& o9 E, _0 a ?, y2 m `
: Z* g1 b- Z5 r
Processions
6 M3 Q2 |% d, K( v1 n 38. Marches
* R c3 L# c7 a( `/ ~ 39. Parades
* w0 [5 u% A% f, _ S& m$ f 40. Religious processions- G+ {* g' | ~; N; U
41. Pilgrimages
- V8 s2 G( T1 U- o) V 42. Motorcades
' o. S \4 G7 k' A
7 H4 |! j7 G2 D, jHonoring the Dead5 f/ |' L+ q1 R I; r& ]; K. `
43. Political mourning
8 ~; a/ [& e2 a# K 44. Mock funerals8 n7 |( g$ v) _
45. Demonstrative funerals
0 R) O3 R: P/ F/ l2 { 46. Homage at burial places
/ [, [+ A) U1 L, J2 U
. n: g: M( {5 y7 N APublic Assemblies. p7 m' r" E% w$ q2 `+ e
47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 N8 d7 ~: y- z8 i2 L! m3 {+ g; G) ^. ] 48. Protest meetings
) @, v3 b; u" t' a0 ~1 |1 } 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 H! c8 R# n& l! D( P. }
50. Teach-ins1 T+ E/ C& o1 P1 U. Q9 L
8 D' K3 v5 u1 W. l; _5 Z3 ?
Withdrawal and Renunciation
! l% [3 g! X8 T# E 51. Walk-outs4 Z, f! Z/ g! W2 y
52. Silence9 B x% q0 W7 E! d+ Z3 v
53. Renouncing honors6 Y- T: ]3 C& D1 q7 f
54. Turning one’s back
7 q, f/ ?9 a8 Y
3 J9 M! f2 V/ K! R# n$ h ! l) R& e$ _( I% s, | S7 T
" U) ^8 P+ R# ~# xTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
% ~& X% A+ _ L5 K+ I/ |6 Y! O* J* y+ {/ S
7 K' K$ ^4 k+ m: F: n
7 u# i; [7 g" K# K
Ostracism of Persons
/ p1 o8 z* G0 L' @ e 55. Social boycott
/ s5 Y7 y( U( ? 56. Selective social boycott
3 j3 t- T; o, d3 n: [. ~6 } 57. Lysistratic nonaction
* o8 T8 e1 E9 B, Y4 W+ i! f& O- ` 58. Excommunication/ i% R- r+ B$ i' U% X
59. Interdict2 g& a0 r, h+ _( i
$ h- K' `. n! _0 zNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions q2 S& D: C1 E$ s. Q4 b9 K1 H9 ^: ~( O
60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ D* `, p6 w; E/ w' Z
61. Boycott of social affairs
+ A. w! ~+ n$ w$ d/ o3 e8 P4 \ 62. Student strike6 O& V3 M' H- h
63. Social disobedience' W; D1 q9 @! n( Y3 x4 |6 g
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 A7 K1 \; M# u
R# U" S5 H* L1 R3 rWithdrawal from the Social System
, j% j( f3 S# p* A }* Y* K 65. Stay-at-home
$ Z# X# V9 e# f) G8 ` 66. Total personal noncooperation
7 g: Y% o4 L. _! f5 \: g9 N) I! k/ T 67. “Flight” of workers* S, S3 {5 a# C8 U
68. Sanctuary
. @( s3 r) d6 b2 q$ h 69. Collective disappearance* C4 a) D6 e P, K. Z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" ]# i4 M4 C+ g$ J* ~
, ^ p! X% d9 T9 S' J9 T
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7 N6 ~5 y7 y4 k$ A9 R) |; }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 w9 s( D2 `( }, Q
' @& g6 X1 ^- X5 v1 B 4 C4 R% Q' G# \2 c( A
Actions by Consumers
R; T8 ^7 i! Y- g$ R. t/ e 71. Consumers’ boycott5 f2 O7 M! l0 K# [: X
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ o0 Y: X7 t& H" c ~3 u
73. Policy of austerity4 y" x% E2 ^5 C
74. Rent withholding6 G) }9 d% P0 [/ {1 S% I5 g
75. Refusal to rent5 t* P# v2 j1 @ R
76. National consumers’ boycott
& q2 u V: U( x y) A 77. International consumers’ boycott; K, A5 G+ L6 V4 V2 ]" ?
3 o" `* G* I& R; `3 vAction by Workers and Producers
$ E, D( ?8 ~* g6 {5 B 78. Workmen’s boycott5 ?+ J/ y9 G2 b& {9 r% u7 R
79. Producers’ boycott @0 v3 j9 b8 t% H8 |
7 V9 f4 M6 |4 l$ G) P& C" p) l
Action by Middlemen1 C) k2 S& q4 b* W S+ w7 x
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 T! T6 N6 z9 [0 _2 I( l6 I1 G
# x! P+ y- c4 [2 W9 OAction by Owners and Management$ j/ t# e3 M" X) q; G
81. Traders’ boycott
6 l9 f; ~7 l" t8 L 82. Refusal to let or sell property5 E! g ~' c- r/ F
83. Lockout! N* `6 ~6 K% B# _/ t% j
84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 w0 u. g1 ]1 N5 t T
85. Merchants’ “general strike”% X7 K' C2 U: y
4 L# _: a' u( J) c0 f
Action by Holders of Financial Resources8 `' G6 j; }3 _" j
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
s& [& j# N7 P; q% o: k/ l+ f: F 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; X2 F6 F3 r8 d3 n 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# o4 r t3 a0 ]0 z h1 S% Y) P
89. Severance of funds and credit
4 c9 I+ U) ~- \7 A+ ~- ~ 90. Revenue refusal
5 B/ P5 X+ l2 m q: E 91. Refusal of a government’s money. n0 F, w- b" c6 u* v* T
4 m; d! E; k, `/ U ^9 s
Action by Governments% x/ m p- A( D9 o! X) E. d# ^ Y
92. Domestic embargo
( B- x( ^7 Y! L& C4 {+ z 93. Blacklisting of traders/ J7 W( N# @$ Q& z
94. International sellers’ embargo
+ t- u8 d5 s0 M2 k4 s+ N 95. International buyers’ embargo- G$ g) \1 G' b- W7 y# w* i
96. International trade embargo% {5 |: Y" M9 I, _3 L6 b5 E
& t, m7 [8 X; p# e; {9 K2 D
" Z# K" \' j& i* n& M
$ X5 p1 _6 V J. J% x. DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
( w1 K( A1 b$ M$ p% ` D% O% @" `7 {' c* K% i$ c Q
8 t! s, T" m* ^; ]* W* ISymbolic Strikes4 o& Z8 s& g8 Z& O
97. Protest strike
8 f/ {) v Q( M! H 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
~# A# j9 f; D0 U7 E/ ^5 ~0 l- g
I5 [; k" b" uAgricultural Strikes
& ?9 X: h, R* k( I 99. Peasant strike
* M: t; @) @& a$ T. g0 L 100. Farm Workers’ strike* ~2 N3 v; w% f' r0 a! F" t
2 p6 `1 {2 q: NStrikes by Special Groups7 ~$ \ U% X5 t1 Z2 L' ]
101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 a8 H- e. ~6 Y$ z' T! q( q 102. Prisoners’ strike
3 @; U+ g' E, h9 g! ? 103. Craft strike
+ o" T5 ?& B- \# E+ \2 L 104. Professional strike
/ S# [4 _0 p6 l) `
9 W7 w: Q9 X" p- m& ~4 d. ]Ordinary Industrial Strikes& [4 I3 x$ d. G0 V8 P
105. Establishment strike2 J$ U) n. T; X
106. Industry strike
. \5 f3 ~$ P9 f; @8 a 107. Sympathetic strike
4 O4 G3 U9 G- \5 v$ @5 R0 M( v/ p1 @# P9 D" O+ Q* j Y0 S8 Q
Restricted Strikes
% x6 q" I( @+ \# y0 P+ `$ V) w9 ~ 108. Detailed strike& }' [8 q' L/ s5 l' F
109. Bumper strike6 [- @, K. S$ \2 z' B$ `
110. Slowdown strike9 J: b" T' a) T! N+ \# E3 z+ f) ]7 u
111. Working-to-rule strike6 y/ Z7 L4 J# b( F
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 I2 G6 N; M5 ?( b, }& b5 \ C
113. Strike by resignation
0 K' I: ]5 D+ j 114. Limited strike2 U) Y8 f6 ]8 A& @, L7 V5 z9 P
115. Selective strike
; m' G2 r, O1 T1 n. C7 B0 A S5 n2 F" Z4 N
Multi-Industry Strikes
# `$ R7 r9 M& c4 C! L& ]# a+ ~5 d1 F9 _
116. Generalized strike) {; B) {# J6 Z0 ^( b4 G- u
8 y5 W1 a3 A+ u0 ]; ?7 ^- C 117. General strike; p9 {! o& B' u* E8 Q
6 u+ B$ o' `: U% E' O
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures- P" W) v! |7 Y9 r
* Y# o, p0 h, q( V4 r: y7 ? 118. Hartal: D! Q6 V9 e. j! u/ z2 Q
) Y! y; Z. H- F2 W2 p
119. Economic shutdown
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) p" E5 D- W" n5 y, v+ d$ f( h' z n/ Z: ^; F5 o9 ?" s0 M
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: v- q, j2 S+ k/ L' M6 o% D* ?
. d- I& t, p0 q; W, ~) d0 D# q
9 A& J3 p( R$ c" n8 ~
Rejection of Authority. f* X/ K0 N- f$ \" [" D" b
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 R! o% b$ u# g( W
121. Refusal of public support/ ?: ]0 c9 P+ R# G4 [1 P
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
, U0 n4 J h, R2 c% N: o2 D2 M' p) J( j4 q. Y0 d9 o& O" G( j
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government B& D% |5 n2 ]2 V* Q; v
123. Boycott of legislative bodies* u- H/ }- [2 B& H4 o& c; _ c
124. Boycott of elections
+ P7 \0 [2 L O0 H3 u 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ c8 z3 Q2 O2 A/ l 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 F6 {6 u# o' [0 I. e9 G k/ v7 P5 ~ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions! {4 e: b! P% c' O* f. H" v
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: B! Q% n5 t! w' |- G8 H3 h 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents# ~6 a4 q, C0 C3 S8 W
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks7 X) E- h& y! x( n' J
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials5 L5 E5 i* Z$ h3 ]' S! a2 [
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ R* S; Q7 p: @" y
# b7 {5 N: v% S9 f: @' V
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience8 x' T, V8 v/ K% y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance* G1 X( c: r6 z' ~, z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 }: p$ w3 D- f7 I3 _$ S6 R( y 135. Popular nonobedience- v: [8 [9 `/ R1 ?/ z3 H2 m
136. Disguised disobedience
9 ]7 ?2 N& O; v' e 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( O9 |9 N# C4 Q; _
138. Sitdown1 `( V5 C% L/ l0 ^- X- B
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ u* Z: J f: K, B
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ T' W8 R, V' R6 j9 Q5 E; N2 `' i
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' _7 s' h( `% V$ Q5 L
3 k. F ?) x2 j: D: {Action by Government Personnel
, Q C" u! G4 d 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
, V4 g- T ^0 h( G. H 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 R, d; J( q' N3 _, f& B 144. Stalling and obstruction) T T& ?# y- C+ d: R
145. General administrative noncooperation% v) d D6 y: g. [9 e
( r/ s: ~# @5 q/ `
146. Judicial noncooperation
1 _) m- U0 |7 s+ e9 b, O) u 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 O# I% t& C2 y9 Q
148. Mutiny
8 d" K# @+ M, |Domestic Governmental Action; f' K/ [) G; R3 O& k M
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 C2 j$ C9 W3 q3 [- j# s 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; h% {: @0 u6 }, H2 v. x8 E, t
+ h: P7 Y* n" F" r3 LInternational Governmental Action: h; a' T7 X0 [: o" e
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" b/ b+ O- l/ O4 _ I6 T
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# n- }% n; t7 c3 g0 c: p4 Y
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. p+ w$ n8 {# j5 e0 l- j5 B6 U |
154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 J5 j t% `0 n3 I1 O: M6 ~# r0 _4 a
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 l3 {* I" y' t2 e; p" n 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ h2 {. s- {2 T. P9 n
157. Expulsion from international organizations* f2 b$ |, w0 Q0 ?
6 M7 e# N! z, Q/ L: \% g5 [+ \& q
) ~6 ?4 ^+ A% x. L( x0 V& d5 j9 l* O, V. ?
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
Q2 q0 m+ A$ w3 k* ~4 g1 ~% p8 S; {: i u9 U$ l
% E7 n1 e$ h$ j) t! G. x9 zPsychological Intervention8 t. P* V3 _9 T! V
158. Self-exposure to the elements/ g5 B r; ]' P# Y
159. The fast$ h8 B$ ` ]: o5 }1 H* e& L" B9 _0 @
a) Fast of moral pressure' b. h+ p! {+ e6 t
b) Hunger strike
& ^$ }% E1 O) \9 V3 c, b: g3 c# d c) Satyagrahic fast+ g! `) u) F4 S5 q! u" P$ Q
160. Reverse trial8 t3 V4 N4 b& H! l
161. Nonviolent harassment' Z9 B M5 ]6 g4 d4 v, y* @: G2 |- i
! w3 g" R# Q1 b# K' \6 q" \' VPhysical Intervention# j; O% G9 D8 }/ \3 i
162. Sit-in& I4 r+ K9 p. m0 K4 J6 y5 {6 r
163. Stand-in% q( c0 K1 A- i4 z3 W
164. Ride-in
; P& R' n) g# L$ i1 o 165. Wade-in
2 p, z2 g# s+ E# ^) w 166. Mill-in4 U$ P& g1 A$ D" z* u* O+ ?
167. Pray-in& |( N, O, r5 j. Z
168. Nonviolent raids( O* w0 v: U: i m
169. Nonviolent air raids& X& _; z y6 P9 m
170. Nonviolent invasion
8 s; \' \- w- @, m1 U 171. Nonviolent interjection( R2 O2 P/ F6 q
172. Nonviolent obstruction
" l3 N- j$ [" |$ @, R3 L 173. Nonviolent occupation) L1 b9 j8 v: J# ]2 L
* r* _8 e! }( o( \" O/ [9 p( s$ dSocial Intervention
* E& h! c" g% B& j# f 174. Establishing new social patterns
% V/ ^( Z$ B! {+ O% a 175. Overloading of facilities* J2 M; N9 I" C) a5 s5 M
176. Stall-in
4 B, I( C$ P' F 177. Speak-in' A' t( U: W; x+ K- }) t
178. Guerrilla theater
; m. j4 l/ j5 a* W! w- }' y 179. Alternative social institutions1 U8 R5 S* Y# ~, N
180. Alternative communication system# z+ M+ v8 `; N* ]2 g. U: i, n& J
, j8 X) I% e6 Y2 Z* L) jEconomic Intervention
# U4 @5 {/ J, H. i: T& g) L: O 181. Reverse strike
$ {$ o g( d0 F4 U$ F" ~2 L9 N$ m 182. Stay-in strike
- m- O3 F" T M8 N, x/ b7 F9 a* c 183. Nonviolent land seizure
: X+ J" j6 X, w6 u9 s2 g4 w 184. Defiance of blockades
u" Z7 m. F$ ~% F! d 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 N7 X6 c$ |7 S F) I$ G! r9 c& W
186. Preclusive purchasing
) }$ k5 ]. U+ ]" N 187. Seizure of assets% ^7 q4 L- ?( Y% S* C' ~5 @6 C
188. Dumping# x( b& |" N6 f4 u5 [/ U+ q' B
189. Selective patronage
K* v8 ^7 d% `% K: O- w 190. Alternative markets
1 q2 ^& e7 L, F5 H' B$ n 191. Alternative transportation systems' ^, f, M; B' c* x; M9 ^0 r9 {( b' p
192. Alternative economic institutions# ]; m$ U. M& T2 e
0 O& v: ]$ {6 F) l: ~
Political Intervention+ K& v+ y2 ~9 @, z3 K' L" {# w
193. Overloading of administrative systems
! V4 N D) w5 d0 S( J& y9 J& ` 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 F4 m9 i7 ~7 w7 T- n D) b
195. Seeking imprisonment
( {+ Y ^' C2 P 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: q) H0 @, ^* p# n$ n: J 197. Work-on without collaboration, M( a' z9 ~, y' G3 w
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% I* O1 u2 p) g8 d9 u
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
