 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% O1 f1 j: Y3 P" c, QFormal Statements* h1 N# b& F: M* b
1. Public Speeches
6 O, ^0 t4 }) j9 X& R 2. Letters of opposition or support
( o6 s H" ~# @ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) ]7 R, \ c. y1 j! G
4. Signed public statements" m! I$ U, ?$ j: j
5. Declarations of indictment and intention# v! N2 a+ d4 }& i! r1 ]
6. Group or mass petitions
3 }' ^, v+ I5 h6 F/ _9 O" j% w4 k/ i6 n: H( ]4 @4 U6 @
Communications with a Wider Audience- c. I, d$ m- y) A# }4 r" i. |
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* ^5 Q& k- L1 _0 k1 S
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! u+ V2 j. d! k8 n4 z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. S" A) Y# D* `& m7 n" |
10. Newspapers and journals7 W! \2 V0 v; I( T- [
11. Records, radio, and television& ]' p4 M/ x* h4 x' s0 n5 m J
12. Skywriting and earthwriting, J2 F' b& w! A7 k' W
. k& L! g0 y' q* D& _
Group Representations+ v, a3 V5 p6 v, f- x
13. Deputations" R+ s' a+ @# u: `" e
14. Mock awards
5 [' X8 k5 G- E. c u2 ` 15. Group lobbying
# _0 Y) K: v/ c2 B4 a( k# X 16. Picketing" f# g6 W; D/ L: f; i+ \* C- p
17. Mock elections" W5 {( r& [& p/ s# K
M; R7 h: K. c. i8 @
Symbolic Public Acts' q" w. p# v8 P! c! z, `
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 A6 n: U3 e7 i; p# s 19. Wearing of symbols
, W" V. y9 \, y 20. Prayer and worship
" V: u1 {' s: }1 | 21. Delivering symbolic objects( o. D+ y" s) @& b. Z
22. Protest disrobings
. J+ S: r. E7 l7 d: w: {; n 23. Destruction of own property. F/ P: z' u& t
24. Symbolic lights
6 y+ W! w, F- v$ h4 A2 g 25. Displays of portraits
: T; Y# h6 g/ X; u 26. Paint as protest+ u+ w2 F& r% ^+ c8 _/ n. f
27. New signs and names9 ]6 A0 D( p' I9 e+ m
28. Symbolic sounds
& i8 u% I H5 ^$ u3 k 29. Symbolic reclamations4 Q1 p' ?# H0 R, c* n1 s8 a7 i
30. Rude gestures
* a/ d; k g$ C5 W s) w" x# j4 x
Pressures on Individuals
# q: z5 ~# P9 d 31. “Haunting” officials- h& t+ i3 g8 `0 N0 i6 Q: R* C' o) }
32. Taunting officials$ f% V" j- [9 ^5 b1 i( B3 E
33. Fraternization6 ~# M# d9 V2 L( A$ M* Y
34. Vigils& e% v$ Q& |* F' q9 P& y" R
& p9 l2 j% I0 a! x6 C
Drama and Music
) g, R9 ]! T% c3 V& j7 X, q 35. Humorous skits and pranks" s I# b( g0 @, x
36. Performances of plays and music0 R1 D7 S1 G: }! J' c& ~
37. Singing
* p$ n1 I4 F& }: D: e$ t" R3 Q' p. g
9 `. t/ H: @' R7 i0 d" jProcessions7 L6 ^$ e7 V/ F% p4 L, o7 L
38. Marches9 G1 I% q0 c4 ~$ v% v9 F
39. Parades y: s: h9 u% ~) P
40. Religious processions
4 C: a# l2 F7 ]! q& ]7 T1 V 41. Pilgrimages
$ M# M1 Z4 j; M0 }+ C 42. Motorcades
2 t I+ G; y7 ?6 e0 Z, }$ L
) \9 Y* ~. p/ c$ ?( LHonoring the Dead0 }9 T6 [- p" F# E
43. Political mourning; B+ F9 ]! Z- I2 U7 |
44. Mock funerals' G3 H: @8 ^# P6 \$ T
45. Demonstrative funerals
& k( b7 c% M3 @0 L1 T 46. Homage at burial places, J8 S/ a. H( ?2 f3 z5 q
% g D. e* z3 R0 Y7 H1 YPublic Assemblies
: l' v: H& P* e& ~1 ^* V% G 47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ d2 O; Y5 p1 {5 f 48. Protest meetings
. H; D- Q- q7 t' V$ J" y4 _ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 O/ g3 g8 [+ G. d$ d3 y
50. Teach-ins: Y0 {( b+ Y2 e- c
4 J1 p) @7 o/ y3 g0 rWithdrawal and Renunciation+ @$ Q0 A9 I/ h7 h+ N& X
51. Walk-outs& v/ e {# i) R+ H
52. Silence
+ v+ D8 A4 a6 o, E& p" l) C 53. Renouncing honors/ ^/ u5 ~& x3 G' V
54. Turning one’s back
0 r t. z8 R {. R: W. F% y" |9 m( l1 X, l8 U! n& W! n
+ d2 `2 P8 V0 V. z
. c! C2 r# b4 x8 X8 K/ j' hTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION5 U+ A" T& ]3 g0 Q
/ z' M! |+ p2 A7 U. z5 M' V; T8 J
1 ?- N4 A; h, F+ V: W* p8 y1 w+ y# P
Ostracism of Persons7 i; O+ [4 z. ]5 ^0 |- T3 b8 J
55. Social boycott4 R2 \" D! n9 ~6 [
56. Selective social boycott4 F. d6 J* h% q# D' l, N6 w
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; q, ]5 e9 N( H, P* d$ Y& Y 58. Excommunication
8 G/ i+ x9 U( Z# A# I0 I9 n 59. Interdict$ w- U' K& @6 _) A# e) w' K" [; v
0 y; c* N" y' _. hNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ \9 d+ g2 j. ~, ~( F7 m0 J Z$ k
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ W- U) _9 W, ~ 61. Boycott of social affairs
% r7 ^$ v2 h! h' k" z 62. Student strike: H$ o( s2 P% z. i
63. Social disobedience
. t4 {, W) v% K! N4 {: r; @ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
+ y% o0 Z9 g8 ~3 W* A7 g* u6 M' Z9 `* J2 _, @+ h2 b. W7 Q' K
Withdrawal from the Social System
: ~2 x. y4 K) t, [2 _ 65. Stay-at-home
8 ?' r! ?; g5 ~% e& m 66. Total personal noncooperation
; f/ r5 b7 n( i: k 67. “Flight” of workers
8 K! R4 L) u. E$ J# H 68. Sanctuary& z$ f6 R: \8 [5 ]8 m- [
69. Collective disappearance$ A# k9 W' h3 h: ?
70. Protest emigration (hijrat), ]! Z2 K: S/ `1 Z
$ y {9 n. S( ^0 X' c
" `- O+ W: {- p. J0 a4 e7 M0 j4 {$ j8 W: U& [# j) G) i
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
( A+ b7 k9 s# f# r' z
& z. ]: u b- u% e: H- | # X2 d* D0 n: r9 C5 m* M3 k2 g
Actions by Consumers* N+ s9 f! P. `+ ~( ?7 d2 ~
71. Consumers’ boycott0 F1 U5 b s& V5 n" [2 }" M5 l- v4 ^
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 ^# S0 a7 g: @% Y. s6 Y 73. Policy of austerity
6 E1 ]3 }: G5 f. C _" Q7 h9 V/ G+ C2 U 74. Rent withholding
3 _2 Z: [* S6 y7 s4 X P2 d c 75. Refusal to rent! G* D2 ]' @; c u1 Y
76. National consumers’ boycott, n4 H9 N, F1 F8 ^: T$ r9 ]' N
77. International consumers’ boycott
: t3 D i0 I, `4 r& {. c) h; c R4 ]# Q2 v
Action by Workers and Producers0 c+ f: n# m' L4 G' P# ]
78. Workmen’s boycott
m% A) ^1 N g' S6 S' r& C1 f3 G 79. Producers’ boycott9 U5 ]; }6 @: }% d, M0 M4 z
. a5 ~7 S% ^' I3 e
Action by Middlemen
. _( b: W' R7 } 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 R2 T/ V" h5 K( W1 f; W, y, {6 B" Q; H( W: C
Action by Owners and Management
" u0 e# G; s: J 81. Traders’ boycott4 }8 m! z3 G6 d) Y% x
82. Refusal to let or sell property! b/ {& c0 Q0 @7 k, j
83. Lockout
3 o! X. j a1 u; I 84. Refusal of industrial assistance O2 L( h0 ?( Q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 E4 H; y5 i7 F' F0 }! h$ L' V5 E
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( u1 p/ P5 ~0 R" e 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 k; }" q' T4 s" Z( ?; T 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments6 t( E: Y6 D$ z8 `. U/ }# _$ {
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 h8 u" C9 |: i& W Q
89. Severance of funds and credit1 Y1 F( B( r/ ]0 A* p
90. Revenue refusal+ @- Z( r8 E) v6 [" N( _0 F4 f
91. Refusal of a government’s money/ q! w3 ^0 v( b Q
; }, c; A9 D$ d3 g; e+ T# f+ ? z7 r& P
Action by Governments
. S6 t$ S( P) j O: D% s 92. Domestic embargo1 |1 i$ _, d+ B; Y3 b l @( u
93. Blacklisting of traders
& y. X3 c) L# {$ Q- T 94. International sellers’ embargo
; p# F& c- h& Y2 M: f1 a 95. International buyers’ embargo: d5 L( z+ x" B5 F
96. International trade embargo
|* u. d- G, w4 }5 c/ z4 I3 a- o% h% h9 a; [( t
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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1 x* B% {4 X, E8 ^ S
- e! R* v2 R, i8 l( M( i% }Symbolic Strikes, I2 \+ U8 _2 }
97. Protest strike( u& K7 v: F5 F4 w
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, I0 C- V8 ^/ O2 N& j0 ~4 U6 K9 U9 |9 G. I# v8 G0 b
Agricultural Strikes! N1 b& ^& G! `3 [8 ~
99. Peasant strike- J& @" ^: H1 b _( X
100. Farm Workers’ strike
: u, F/ u* N0 p6 D1 M; s/ e
8 C w. }6 r+ h! Z0 K; B* pStrikes by Special Groups: d3 p0 d0 w- O8 k! Z
101. Refusal of impressed labor$ i' ?% ?4 f. f% x- b8 `) l `5 B
102. Prisoners’ strike
9 P! B- C1 f: K' X+ s 103. Craft strike; k: M; k8 r. Q3 x" M' c
104. Professional strike7 @" r) d( v; T
1 y) m& m' H* B+ g- [9 Z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
$ I( Y% b7 v Z8 F7 P 105. Establishment strike3 k# q6 }- q3 h, P( \% j. k
106. Industry strike; i+ V/ v5 T; Q& Z8 P: q0 L8 ~8 y g/ j* j
107. Sympathetic strike
- N* t1 _5 P2 A& U% G- e. g3 S3 b$ C! R' _; }/ H; o
Restricted Strikes1 h/ L- r! |0 M7 p- ?. \7 I
108. Detailed strike& q1 }7 ?& b% W3 r2 O$ k
109. Bumper strike
9 j- W2 w3 O) B$ \" k 110. Slowdown strike
' ^* y' D% q" e0 h 111. Working-to-rule strike5 B4 S7 b* @: u5 E7 r8 f
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); P5 N# T/ H, y
113. Strike by resignation
7 ?2 x2 ^6 g {3 h% i% S: h 114. Limited strike& K2 K: V/ [, F- A
115. Selective strike
* @ b% q# r3 z) l' a! b. B
" C0 T9 f0 l* n! R* E; q3 r0 b7 w a. PMulti-Industry Strikes
1 ^, v; [5 v. g5 r; d/ b! l o: u. D0 D
116. Generalized strike& n9 e3 O2 r# N s
2 A! d& P/ a! L' j* Y
117. General strike- I/ I" M& A$ \
' @6 Z! F9 N6 J- c& O
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 S2 r+ \0 k/ T
- Y8 h L* ~) x% W" L% ] 118. Hartal7 \& q/ X D, O$ h
9 J. B0 K! ]# s* V5 O
119. Economic shutdown( X" Z( h8 s! [9 d; n# M! r3 F' h
1 O4 o( Z1 P& F" h
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 j) L, c6 Q$ Y# v7 ]5 R. L- M: P
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2 B0 N O' F/ f& |2 G, }% XRejection of Authority
W0 h( ?8 p: g' {, T8 D. P 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- h+ E% z6 M) N/ L8 j @1 [+ c- M' g7 l 121. Refusal of public support5 E& N' J" c0 \# E9 j: x/ R) Q% k
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, |' W7 d$ D# E6 S7 t) e
3 }! n3 c. y2 `0 h3 m
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. w7 W( N0 i0 m 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ s5 S+ `# B4 ?8 B! o2 S; n* c 124. Boycott of elections
9 n5 J3 C7 \: d. }! M 125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 f6 y1 M0 ^( v; ~2 R; i
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 e8 w I$ h; B: \) w$ I6 e: A 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 m- \9 m0 @ z4 H h% V+ A2 x 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 g( G- o) F0 }* }/ U 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. {/ x/ q( N; R5 {' j, n 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks m/ z# I- D3 D7 y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 w# K3 L$ B! B% } 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: ?! Y6 H0 r* L6 h t6 W
6 i6 I8 D+ I& o0 O8 n+ h6 z
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. c7 K8 s; {( x; H$ k, I0 R" ] 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. d; M/ V, l: s 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
, K1 C1 P/ `$ V9 @+ f0 m) `3 F 135. Popular nonobedience6 R; G- Z) d& A+ s2 J
136. Disguised disobedience, G" `" G; c6 y6 I& z- _# `
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ g' _( X$ k* {: ^# K3 z0 a; F
138. Sitdown& q8 i$ G0 O" e" }) r
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" H7 n2 f- ~$ `! q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 F4 [, |2 w0 B" ? 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( E1 `! _- v: k
* P% P! q2 a8 r- t! ]. hAction by Government Personnel
/ _, I" `# p3 V0 Q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 q8 H6 w9 s5 n2 D0 B 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" P E/ m# l \' f# d' W 144. Stalling and obstruction. m1 T' g3 P+ K. n* R) R
145. General administrative noncooperation
, Y1 d! c5 w+ f; O0 Z1 a. ~' f, Q _7 w1 N* {2 a! z
146. Judicial noncooperation
: W8 z- J3 ^( O3 P2 {# Z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
8 q+ {8 G1 V: h; o1 t1 z2 n 148. Mutiny1 H+ Z- e( M4 G
Domestic Governmental Action
. Z& \( o/ q& u 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: \. A: @9 J2 n s6 f& k 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 ]% V5 s- |/ ?. l0 V
3 `0 \& Z( C$ q4 H' C
International Governmental Action
' v4 v( a6 ]' {; R* p1 q+ f 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* p2 F( ]2 v5 j' m 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' C, U) o+ f' y& q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& ~+ @# w4 I' w0 q- R( [+ L 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* r( r( @4 p1 _* y4 [ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations, a, C) N9 s& F3 @( d5 w. V2 ~
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
j: Q5 g* _. w8 p5 L) \6 I 157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 B3 a1 m& \$ E x5 d" F% L
7 C+ }3 V) |: { + B( i- K" D$ }5 Y' L
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 L. V( y# V5 z/ d) j. U
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0 B6 d9 d, V% _8 q3 f8 H
Psychological Intervention" [; E8 ]/ h% a4 A* t
158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ w2 ?6 s' q( J* n9 Q! m 159. The fast
: I9 y: k) S5 X) w8 i$ _ a) Fast of moral pressure0 Y# y0 v5 l! K( j
b) Hunger strike
1 D7 G% u2 e( v8 {0 m4 V9 I* X, ?6 j' z c) Satyagrahic fast
' O( `" |6 z+ `3 j2 ^ 160. Reverse trial
$ ^; |+ h" E5 L4 s 161. Nonviolent harassment; o( S+ i; _! Q# v$ X/ [
' q$ ?) t/ s1 h2 B
Physical Intervention
- l- r P% E- M+ [/ I. B# ` 162. Sit-in
* r: j+ x5 F6 J8 \$ i( T 163. Stand-in
# V' X- t0 t& B 164. Ride-in/ Z( I' Q3 @3 C
165. Wade-in
_: G! r7 r1 m: j 166. Mill-in @" y* L% h8 Y' ^( _& X1 C
167. Pray-in
! T# f% c* w C2 O 168. Nonviolent raids* `3 U3 }7 n2 [9 G6 W, y
169. Nonviolent air raids& x6 u7 L2 Y& R! T3 W$ a3 u5 i& @- x
170. Nonviolent invasion& ]' m! L# {! x9 d6 N! w, s/ n
171. Nonviolent interjection
3 o: Z; L& W2 z' }3 e7 W 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! j: P" D5 R' h! Y) F, X 173. Nonviolent occupation2 a& [8 I" G; r$ H$ G N: m
- `( ]3 ?( R- [: g( A8 GSocial Intervention2 [4 Z" |5 J- h* ]* ~1 k
174. Establishing new social patterns
$ A4 g2 f% G8 p7 s' @! U 175. Overloading of facilities
+ E1 N4 O) k9 ~) e- E1 o, K5 ]4 b 176. Stall-in
$ c0 I. [6 M" j( |7 } 177. Speak-in p& M5 L0 q: _2 J4 N3 B
178. Guerrilla theater$ V! @% F% F* s" O
179. Alternative social institutions
. g. @, { x% Y1 i8 a; s2 Q 180. Alternative communication system; h) @; N- R" i6 D' h% O |5 `
T( t9 a$ r3 r3 A) OEconomic Intervention
1 y9 z5 i+ q2 S; \- q/ f" ^, Q 181. Reverse strike( @0 m1 ~$ x0 s8 w: H" x
182. Stay-in strike3 G: x$ b; }9 F4 |, c- ?
183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 F6 ?% N% N/ |8 J2 s4 f, x) G6 l 184. Defiance of blockades$ P0 T }2 U, M* r
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# W- L9 ]/ {1 c7 k* w
186. Preclusive purchasing% j* }& M- ^$ |7 N
187. Seizure of assets
N6 X( o5 {8 J 188. Dumping: d# t$ y8 B5 V! F) n
189. Selective patronage
1 Y2 E. }2 H' d& }' x; [3 E& ] 190. Alternative markets+ G9 v9 N7 W" ]. c- {
191. Alternative transportation systems
# s# `, Q8 Q" h3 O$ J 192. Alternative economic institutions
3 ?( }1 [% w2 C6 q, O! O* @4 Q" O+ i
0 L; @- ~3 U$ GPolitical Intervention/ V2 g# A" E, O9 G9 d# y
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 ?1 t$ b% \/ |0 H# K
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" h8 l5 ?9 h5 I) u$ _
195. Seeking imprisonment) `/ d7 v! O( ^
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! d7 k7 J5 ^' E# o 197. Work-on without collaboration
% B# l8 V, f) _( u( E 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government K& [4 y6 l4 ]" |6 F: y4 z; ?
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
