 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, [% l% E( S$ T1 Q4 _% y% P
Formal Statements
6 h+ }) N# x, q% C' A 1. Public Speeches6 h' A' `0 I% D5 q6 T% O8 S
2. Letters of opposition or support
' E3 |4 x |0 r$ c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. d1 n0 U p& q% V! }0 v 4. Signed public statements# h* g3 C( u- j3 Q5 J- e+ D
5. Declarations of indictment and intention% `; c# i* k; J$ _
6. Group or mass petitions
, r+ I5 x# h8 i7 q$ {3 l6 v! J# P1 H
Communications with a Wider Audience1 E* O1 }4 u3 [7 y: ^ Y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 z" l+ F' i o7 B& R, y# P. c; T9 A' E 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' m* W9 [) |* P( f* R U 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, B& P6 D- _$ y0 V4 @; G- X# O 10. Newspapers and journals
2 C2 b8 T! A+ N5 H- R 11. Records, radio, and television% T X2 H) n% ]5 p, e
12. Skywriting and earthwriting, Z/ A& o3 W6 q+ e! Z
0 x$ A+ h9 c) a% Q
Group Representations# `0 M. C2 I6 D
13. Deputations
" F8 {& V3 {: u# W4 C8 D+ W" c 14. Mock awards
+ @4 Z( @) W: q& z- l9 f! N9 a$ @ 15. Group lobbying
( F; f5 s V; J( V$ d 16. Picketing
. g4 L2 a4 I) w& S, ^ 17. Mock elections/ F3 R* U4 O- P3 M8 t9 v: @' W
- l9 ?$ b6 c- q$ T; E. ?Symbolic Public Acts
" Q9 B- j2 u0 P. q4 E 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' I% D9 D0 w0 L% ]
19. Wearing of symbols
6 C" j& a2 b3 V 20. Prayer and worship
' v: ]& g# c) l1 `* w/ W% G 21. Delivering symbolic objects) s* {1 Q2 r& e- L
22. Protest disrobings6 R1 v. i8 k8 Q. \% O
23. Destruction of own property
7 Z# K0 l( F; J2 W \! @. g3 T4 E( C 24. Symbolic lights2 h, R% D2 X, A) n- K4 y
25. Displays of portraits
* y" R" z7 C& H% F' f6 G 26. Paint as protest! C( X/ k1 ?. v) b4 {4 t' z* l
27. New signs and names
' y6 O) M/ r1 P, A: T% o 28. Symbolic sounds
( v! g) W* B7 \0 q 29. Symbolic reclamations% l2 D5 @" u2 A8 L; @6 {
30. Rude gestures
8 F1 s! B- B9 u/ N2 n( Q9 h- e7 H( [; b) G/ w! s, y
Pressures on Individuals) ~2 J* B! L7 j% e' O; m
31. “Haunting” officials( Z/ ?; Z" X: b; ^6 V+ d
32. Taunting officials
" m4 N% m2 D, X 33. Fraternization' e3 j/ G( C( A- o! X' b
34. Vigils
0 l. r' R. |2 l2 J7 C( _
% r' S; E* P9 }! i6 l6 u+ nDrama and Music
1 D2 u4 @2 e X. Y0 s! U/ ? 35. Humorous skits and pranks$ Z a: P b! G2 s
36. Performances of plays and music/ u1 E2 C: i9 y6 a3 E! R% d* n
37. Singing
& R9 L9 @! w( R& Z
3 B2 R5 N# b& g. P% T6 q6 s- {Processions
$ J2 O5 r, e% {; {% p 38. Marches
7 D# E, O& O2 {! U 39. Parades$ z E o) T' p
40. Religious processions
: h# R* E/ B" t5 K4 @# V8 P- { 41. Pilgrimages
2 d% W1 @( w: X: h 42. Motorcades
' Y/ I# y) ]2 Z$ h$ I3 B
4 O6 H) C j8 [ s- @$ d9 LHonoring the Dead
. I; k! \5 H/ l( J 43. Political mourning& {2 c) W7 n+ s
44. Mock funerals3 @( s# J+ _0 P* V, ~* f
45. Demonstrative funerals2 S. ^% d) L* S6 j) f2 W
46. Homage at burial places
" |# m6 ?2 n! Y2 `( t! v$ p7 A% t F
Public Assemblies! y1 c, \) P% ^( k
47. Assemblies of protest or support
% i, V5 O5 q, K2 h7 {+ Y( S 48. Protest meetings T9 C' ~6 a: W: Y7 [+ }
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& I% ~* |) f& b7 ~3 P
50. Teach-ins
8 e2 X1 o$ S. u# u# l& Q" ~- A; }2 V* \$ H. ~% M
Withdrawal and Renunciation
) y P9 x4 t3 ~3 j9 { 51. Walk-outs
+ B3 }# E7 `1 |$ N 52. Silence% `0 \# P* t) B# \- E$ V+ I5 `
53. Renouncing honors1 o5 X, M4 z" x/ ]/ z
54. Turning one’s back
+ I5 C4 Y9 H! I8 ~/ a. P! [4 ]1 m+ }% n, T) w; f8 B! M, D
* v% t; S1 x! `5 a, m6 f9 C% l- H" c3 M2 q, k1 a
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) R( f) D9 N' u$ Z
/ d; E$ s4 e" A
* ~/ t+ u* L; t+ m8 K' n
0 I$ T/ ]3 T# eOstracism of Persons. D5 z8 A4 r1 L* X! h5 v8 v' c, L
55. Social boycott: Q) ~( @8 h- O& a; b8 `4 x7 i5 j
56. Selective social boycott0 C' M% J6 S; G: l( q
57. Lysistratic nonaction7 Z+ t$ F- b: q" ]8 e( u
58. Excommunication( K h4 |9 @" {5 j( |
59. Interdict
# i T% X4 D/ v3 b; M& ^- j# F
; c, s. u5 T# TNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 H0 Y) D# h! U0 A& ~ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 C5 _# Z! L9 ?' B* A7 C* k7 r! c 61. Boycott of social affairs; A7 K( g; D$ W
62. Student strike/ Y3 w) n& |+ w
63. Social disobedience1 O( Q+ r7 j" @' o# @; i0 w
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 R: G: Q3 |% |% j& k n# h% U% A; s
" j1 A0 x/ ]" \- H3 t; V7 D MWithdrawal from the Social System- A- W1 R& X. l5 F8 |
65. Stay-at-home
. b+ j, v2 \( C8 N7 a5 O6 z 66. Total personal noncooperation( T( I- q( G# O; N1 }- p! N1 o) E- A' p
67. “Flight” of workers6 Z) \# N* L; i! W
68. Sanctuary$ e' c2 ?% K, t& v8 j. c
69. Collective disappearance4 Y' n @$ S) \- h
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
, X5 f. \9 r2 ?8 i7 q" @1 }+ w$ G6 h6 s" Z7 O' C
: f1 o4 N# W, N$ B
7 m1 h; e& x4 s$ gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- m8 u& O: Y X l+ h
6 ~7 p9 v2 w: M, o
/ k p, {2 m$ ^! K3 L8 q8 yActions by Consumers
9 A# t9 K' ~4 Q0 `# A 71. Consumers’ boycott/ B# \3 f5 f7 L i
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
L' H+ U) F+ o3 |) `& \ I. h 73. Policy of austerity/ x8 X- K# s) b0 R8 |
74. Rent withholding
: T* ]* p6 z [- i 75. Refusal to rent
0 x. B9 ~7 X3 `) i6 I 76. National consumers’ boycott
; v- Q+ v. ~' m' k- L4 L 77. International consumers’ boycott1 d, D3 Z' o* g* u3 i" e
1 p+ X% U# L7 U( E' jAction by Workers and Producers, L# O* `: p/ b0 A
78. Workmen’s boycott4 ~/ x3 z; W% V$ V# r) ~! x: }9 y
79. Producers’ boycott
1 N" U! f. y( u8 H
# @ j9 X" [% a* O( cAction by Middlemen
/ f4 @3 E7 `. D) @. r+ G" ] j 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# X6 s% Z% g+ z$ @+ w
6 I- r: e) X, D" m, N/ h; b. S5 F& _& |
Action by Owners and Management) ?/ Y4 d# ?9 o+ M& l
81. Traders’ boycott
. m1 z7 f' v% D9 Y8 K" d) p$ V. ^7 _ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
! s# I9 f' h& Q& I 83. Lockout
7 E1 \+ ~2 S7 U 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 M3 q5 p! I8 @* o; U# U$ F 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
- p. P9 f( ~# W; G4 @
( Z) o, o0 x w4 ?6 S9 eAction by Holders of Financial Resources
3 s2 {( s( x& A 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits G* e+ ]$ s5 Q2 u7 L. K' e
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ H3 ^2 o9 B) k8 P; z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest8 [- x( I% ^- O" }4 l
89. Severance of funds and credit6 F7 ^. s u: v
90. Revenue refusal* |1 f0 g$ Z) L
91. Refusal of a government’s money2 N' ~1 R5 z8 e
4 [ c" H- G2 n0 |6 NAction by Governments0 u; F+ `! s( C/ t. B6 T5 T+ n f
92. Domestic embargo7 x/ u5 F2 Z3 p: o- T0 ]
93. Blacklisting of traders6 K2 ~* J9 b" h$ L* i
94. International sellers’ embargo, T& ^( [5 D7 A4 O1 L
95. International buyers’ embargo: Q" a, A7 D: q& I) U
96. International trade embargo
% s4 _' j4 z: p# u- j$ X
; _+ Y ], v6 _+ x2 {4 U ) r. m+ J8 [. a; }
& F* [2 ~/ {* f' ~/ b: Y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 \' ~% l* M4 c% }$ y, ~
5 W1 T& X+ [% q5 H6 X% c9 r7 Q# W0 D
2 N3 k1 E- e( y+ {+ B5 iSymbolic Strikes$ W! g) E- W2 }" V3 y; [1 b" t' }6 Z
97. Protest strike
& f- y+ Z8 \/ S& O; ^! A5 U 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; K* h" c& Q- L1 n% i) l j+ z% c5 D
3 |6 U. H. @9 Q. a* U ?Agricultural Strikes
! F- ~0 L! v& z0 i3 v: X! s( ?; n 99. Peasant strike
* y+ ~: ^# r/ P# H. y 100. Farm Workers’ strike: T" I4 a, l3 `+ T
. T1 z# s, B7 @+ B1 |. CStrikes by Special Groups7 E+ \/ G" k [8 x8 @# O2 P) z
101. Refusal of impressed labor
i& d3 x" E" Q 102. Prisoners’ strike
% H1 Z3 \/ {% y) ~0 |4 E8 @0 O, w 103. Craft strike2 L( a' V0 k( N, X6 w) P7 V% {* C7 z
104. Professional strike
8 \7 C' e Z- ?0 V- M+ A \7 o( c
8 Z4 U E/ A% B) T. P" aOrdinary Industrial Strikes5 j, a8 Q0 {* Q
105. Establishment strike& N$ w4 d0 _" i' h# T
106. Industry strike
' X+ i" v/ r% ?9 d" d 107. Sympathetic strike' l/ O5 y' h) I6 i
; B+ ?* T" G$ r4 D/ k7 [Restricted Strikes! J8 i) n+ X7 W
108. Detailed strike
$ d# S Q- K& D) \1 P 109. Bumper strike% p% ]2 T6 y% }
110. Slowdown strike
* w' }0 H, z; m. m" H+ L" ? 111. Working-to-rule strike
! P3 s9 @& ]! q I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- N1 q, M: ~( P2 B" ]0 [
113. Strike by resignation( b. l" t5 N+ P: a, R+ t% k
114. Limited strike
& T$ Q5 ]' [: L 115. Selective strike* j2 O) r8 H% ]/ O# k' z
' \6 b# j6 E# C( G9 u- T, ]Multi-Industry Strikes
4 Q/ V, t9 L" ?0 D* ~; G- k4 v, t) | c4 N
116. Generalized strike
: a- ^/ ]7 y8 H6 x+ C1 w/ U" h, O5 r% O' a+ f, @8 o
117. General strike
) \$ i( M# G8 Z5 W7 R8 f- \% ]: ?( t
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 i) M# b* O Y" P2 z5 I% `
. O' ?/ Z8 B5 [2 ^ 118. Hartal6 M/ @9 W0 R3 d$ P
6 d% U% |* c2 ^2 n3 R5 ^( n 119. Economic shutdown
2 S* K0 y$ Z: ^/ n& R4 g
' X* f# R7 R, V4 l/ C3 `1 d/ z 3 G( `+ L6 _* {* X
3 ^& P9 x$ i! K& p' ?* k9 TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
% s' w3 r% e# x! I2 R
: O: O8 l2 W1 V
$ F( G- H* Z+ n! tRejection of Authority
& x6 T9 z7 j2 ?0 O; s3 u 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance4 g2 E) q4 G9 e6 a1 @9 s
121. Refusal of public support! e& q ?4 r# L3 b
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance) ] d: g, }3 h+ U3 B
* [+ [5 e/ N6 j" J! m2 }
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
4 |! y W# T& g& y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: u% F- F. h" A( T 124. Boycott of elections
% A& V! E# p7 E" K' }, O6 ~0 A& _ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
/ _& o8 k/ h+ j0 _5 _ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; w% e3 B# ?4 P% H
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- K, c% {3 }9 Y' t! Q* ]( C4 j 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' i3 z, c8 h2 }* H0 Y 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents3 Q4 H4 @8 Y6 b) i) B( G' Y s! G) T
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 D. R# i( q* X4 D1 h" e 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 G: u/ v% ?5 K, `& S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
7 j2 p/ w- E& C* Y @. H4 G5 I4 j; n' ~) V9 T. Z5 A
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( ]! t. W9 c* T7 _! e* M) f 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 h' T1 f0 b# _ o/ H# ?2 R; F 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. ?* u! | X7 j# R; f. u9 c i. j 135. Popular nonobedience
* A$ E. D5 s( w( Q% [ 136. Disguised disobedience
$ ]9 x0 l: N: {" x4 D1 n 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: G2 x0 i" l" n0 J& h( y* j
138. Sitdown
$ H. \; z3 G1 \+ Z1 n9 _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation ]. x8 V* k+ z$ a1 Q5 v6 l9 L
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 i! R1 \. s1 w8 n* s$ u6 B 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# I: d& _1 K' a; N9 h' P% S
* o4 N) @ S0 V0 k! G5 B+ ]Action by Government Personnel
% k `$ }" ?& @/ [2 ~* E+ ~8 e. T* |. d 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* N1 _- O( v8 X
143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 u9 l6 F A- K& ~. r9 P
144. Stalling and obstruction
: H2 {# L4 c# z6 T. [- P5 t 145. General administrative noncooperation3 a5 ^! H9 X: Q+ e
/ x6 m/ n8 `- v* U
146. Judicial noncooperation5 x+ F, S' U* l4 J* T2 k
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# W/ u" C8 `( \3 L- x
148. Mutiny
9 x9 C! j& I% m, p$ j$ \Domestic Governmental Action* k) {7 m( i/ ?, [, q; \4 Y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# @/ H. Q7 Y8 j2 k& w+ v5 y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ q S, d# M2 ]+ B) G0 ~0 S
! N2 z5 k+ `5 f( x* d6 M
International Governmental Action+ i% T/ |3 w: R
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ X( n$ s8 N, k! q5 B
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ N8 V5 m( M) Z0 P 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
Y# X& ]+ L* j 154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 B( e7 Q+ z. S+ N8 B, t
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' o: e3 f2 x+ S7 R8 I 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies M$ V; I" ^/ b" p& N! O. D
157. Expulsion from international organizations3 n# \ w4 R) V2 B7 t1 @
: l, v, N- p. ~5 R; i' `1 c
; J3 R0 O5 M& G9 X' c% A
+ ^, z, t: X! iTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
# E! v* o( J5 Y) n: e; b5 Q2 O
7 W _: h6 b5 L" I
* N7 }, j1 l) ^* uPsychological Intervention& Z6 P( U0 A# h" E8 F
158. Self-exposure to the elements' f( ^* _ w8 y- }3 c
159. The fast
h1 z) s0 h3 `5 H- F l" w v! ` a) Fast of moral pressure
( D" U& @# s9 a% e0 {; p% M' E b) Hunger strike
) D9 }! n0 X! O c) Satyagrahic fast0 {. @2 v' T# W0 @. M9 i
160. Reverse trial
! h/ E& Q; `* F+ q( H 161. Nonviolent harassment; F- |3 m, }* u$ P6 j
( d( C" f' V) z
Physical Intervention; C9 D/ o6 Z6 t2 V( @+ q
162. Sit-in
( ]; N$ [' n5 j3 H/ G 163. Stand-in
& Y% x& E5 j! w& l% n' I+ | 164. Ride-in
3 `& R7 Q1 E. L, O5 l 165. Wade-in
! a9 B, S( ?& l5 G# m2 Q 166. Mill-in
# s! |) E: D, T9 l3 u) ?1 t$ M* y. R 167. Pray-in
' y) S2 M6 P+ z* }8 m 168. Nonviolent raids/ X) h: m3 P$ q
169. Nonviolent air raids5 q! a3 L9 J* J/ U1 i8 }, s
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 |8 \& R9 j! n9 P9 }# b: y 171. Nonviolent interjection, N" j' A" B7 M# m/ G5 V4 G
172. Nonviolent obstruction
. Q8 C! E% v, o) W+ [ F 173. Nonviolent occupation
* P9 U* ` n2 L: i1 q9 e" ^7 r4 ~ F; ]. i! X
Social Intervention1 R+ _% N) |( ^5 ?9 D% z/ U* k
174. Establishing new social patterns" z8 \/ n" Z1 L$ z% ^, j! \
175. Overloading of facilities
; L- C: O+ f, P 176. Stall-in
, {( l- D4 J R9 U) G" r 177. Speak-in0 W" t" o4 f: d& X1 C% q" ?) }
178. Guerrilla theater
/ p8 m8 V( h/ B$ u0 A3 `7 X, \8 Z 179. Alternative social institutions
. _: p1 D& f; H. \ 180. Alternative communication system
' T1 }' O6 O* F. h. v: {3 o& W7 l& i6 K2 @0 w3 `( Z' Z* u
Economic Intervention
# e2 ` s5 Q$ [ 181. Reverse strike
9 s) o( E: s N c, I 182. Stay-in strike
$ c# p( V* @" p: {, B, X 183. Nonviolent land seizure" H& y6 _/ u' ]0 k) M2 K6 R
184. Defiance of blockades
' s/ Z8 l7 u: U. t6 S 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 K. k8 k$ P4 b. v+ c
186. Preclusive purchasing2 D0 `( v2 | |8 X! @- f3 Y
187. Seizure of assets
9 Y: v! p& P0 ~( n* r% j 188. Dumping5 ?. ]2 ^) n: B$ |
189. Selective patronage
# P7 w2 W/ W0 f/ e5 f1 p 190. Alternative markets
. m; _! {: x, z 191. Alternative transportation systems
1 z* R; u8 ]* j3 S( X 192. Alternative economic institutions& b" P; H, P4 l6 r2 W' ~
1 ?. M7 M) C3 V4 `7 r% ]
Political Intervention
8 j7 }- P4 M: n+ c+ \5 R/ f 193. Overloading of administrative systems6 H- v& g# a R' s; @
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" Q( T8 C* F' d3 C- Z+ _4 m+ Z
195. Seeking imprisonment" r, g3 u- _0 m5 X6 @
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 B5 @2 N/ U4 H, P4 Z% x! R+ O4 v9 e 197. Work-on without collaboration% x: R" |# O8 }8 A3 r; I7 y
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
8 ~; ^( ^5 X" E6 M
! U- U7 |+ ]% ?% \ |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
