 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 d& U6 I @* w) r" `( {8 r# d* p9 h
Formal Statements' Z+ v" G7 p0 b+ N( I8 F4 X: l2 e
1. Public Speeches
4 L5 S- ?+ G5 o+ ^8 u! k9 J( { 2. Letters of opposition or support, Y' V7 o. o/ s X/ A+ r- R% `9 ]
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# X A7 C3 k+ n8 p) `
4. Signed public statements- x" P* c& J2 B8 n8 B g
5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 [9 l( x% d2 Y+ n& A
6. Group or mass petitions) _) n: q9 d( I4 V2 {3 q \
, {' O( b4 {% ~% L$ }! a$ O
Communications with a Wider Audience
5 W$ Y( h8 W+ ^ E. [& y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' ]9 }3 S H# _& ?* U8 \! O: | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 z0 b/ f1 W/ d I+ v# O9 N$ W 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" X5 X8 S0 ` |! p: d g- a; G. f7 U 10. Newspapers and journals
2 z( V w. Y R3 T' U/ X0 t9 t 11. Records, radio, and television! S* Q( ], a# M: D) [7 f4 k
12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 N4 A0 X8 C2 X
! F; h/ v" I2 _8 m# N1 B
Group Representations
. A+ G& J" d# J9 u2 \ 13. Deputations0 ^8 g% N: Y: R8 K$ J: W Q
14. Mock awards6 Y% c0 q8 c. K
15. Group lobbying
$ C9 y1 u0 e3 j. J! @* Y/ P 16. Picketing$ j$ c: w( O1 P. q8 g+ A5 M
17. Mock elections7 s8 n9 `$ J4 K8 l6 Y$ @& O A8 t; z
% `" k1 V k* U8 C0 YSymbolic Public Acts& P: C: t, I' r2 \0 K% M
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( x1 Q5 n& h( q6 W! Y0 o 19. Wearing of symbols% d: [# e; ]8 c0 s
20. Prayer and worship: B, N6 z" x$ r9 g; ?2 Q, a
21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 W0 v) r' [) k( a, n 22. Protest disrobings
, W0 ^" X1 V1 a! P" W, X 23. Destruction of own property& }( M$ Z# H( X9 ?8 t7 h- e( M
24. Symbolic lights2 ^0 c. s+ E0 }6 M+ r
25. Displays of portraits
* y- M* u3 Y* l 26. Paint as protest
9 H' H& O2 t5 ~8 z" i5 v3 R2 O7 Q 27. New signs and names
- b: W9 G+ b! p 28. Symbolic sounds
8 H- w/ q; ?0 \ 29. Symbolic reclamations
, @8 j- D5 A- p: X5 r 30. Rude gestures6 H0 y/ [; x1 U
1 P# I0 H* B$ a# O6 q, }0 O2 j# ~
Pressures on Individuals) U* o8 ] w- f1 ~1 H% {# ^) G
31. “Haunting” officials+ p) q* K- ]5 l
32. Taunting officials
3 h$ Q+ e# u$ x' K$ h+ g: p 33. Fraternization
& G+ V7 q' e) |5 D- T 34. Vigils2 ]. L+ z0 U2 R; ~) r0 F
2 `# C, t4 Q. B+ ~- o& `: ]1 ]. ^Drama and Music2 R6 U. a) j# w" O$ g
35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 G; H' |- a# l, l* f 36. Performances of plays and music- f8 E& X) E8 C8 h* ~8 O/ a
37. Singing; _. {: q' L( u% P: M2 B+ t
( N4 K7 i, K5 L) r' D
Processions- C L; o( _' F& [9 k1 W4 x
38. Marches
! }5 D- t' L: g8 q# V2 `: D 39. Parades
4 D6 i" H* @: m+ @2 `' z 40. Religious processions
) _8 f' D3 `* v# G 41. Pilgrimages
. g+ f/ }) I' ` 42. Motorcades
6 ?, t1 j" o6 k3 ^; d
$ e# \$ R- E1 q. wHonoring the Dead; q! v [6 h9 E) Y9 Y/ Z
43. Political mourning
3 `9 z; M! u) R9 d 44. Mock funerals
G: I, k1 f) u [* i9 D 45. Demonstrative funerals& j5 C% g5 P x5 i% @% q
46. Homage at burial places1 R1 A3 t3 e6 J5 i9 P9 c
' j7 F4 R# P* p# v8 y8 pPublic Assemblies& C% g( Z- `3 H$ L' L
47. Assemblies of protest or support
- D- B& H0 B. | 48. Protest meetings
, [- _5 i5 e4 I1 j N: Q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! K5 Y1 a( v4 \ 50. Teach-ins. l* `% H# i' E" }& T1 |
" K. m! G& O3 p# pWithdrawal and Renunciation) S4 ]$ {* M, k2 L
51. Walk-outs
$ x9 K; n% g6 a# n& g 52. Silence2 N% d+ @: X! }
53. Renouncing honors
; w" b( U. v4 f& \) U 54. Turning one’s back' x, X1 w# ]1 b- G0 g: t# ]
. j( {5 Y- e" ]3 ^: o, m
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! \! O" u6 q8 q/ Q* X1 i5 b$ gTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* r" I) [" v! V. Q6 Q* T. N/ {( ^
; h, T( n/ W* F& h0 ?$ h
) ]1 O/ F" i0 d0 p/ Y, V; M+ ~0 O/ |% o( F3 [3 @( y. C& P
Ostracism of Persons6 ?3 I9 K. W. Y* i& B- C. R! @: H
55. Social boycott. H0 R" `- i3 j1 o
56. Selective social boycott8 I& c2 a- F6 u9 l: R
57. Lysistratic nonaction& J. J8 W& G5 |4 p( |! b
58. Excommunication
# a( m% o, J+ a3 D3 T6 O 59. Interdict7 H' T; g5 T0 `+ s9 x' _
# r# S9 T, e# U' X0 V S. ~ M0 U
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- w$ ~) Z) G- b. ] 60. Suspension of social and sports activities" J$ X4 M% T0 t7 ~% B
61. Boycott of social affairs: C: h5 Z/ I& X% S! \
62. Student strike0 z" q# J. P' |0 w& R9 s) [9 E
63. Social disobedience
, G% _3 B" q3 t# w( G q 64. Withdrawal from social institutions& u1 c" h$ q( Z
: y. [& J6 l# ~
Withdrawal from the Social System
3 O# G" t) v: n8 e" ` 65. Stay-at-home
' q& `9 G- x: x: T 66. Total personal noncooperation
) f/ m1 |! U y% t/ A: c8 b 67. “Flight” of workers
- E. I4 C3 n, b* w2 x 68. Sanctuary# y) \/ {. z) K
69. Collective disappearance
3 c( g/ o. S+ t/ ]& J/ c 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
x0 [$ S P5 _( w: o* {
& j' o3 H% d$ U' P5 g) q* H 5 {9 f/ f6 X# F; z8 f' o
1 o3 c# p: O8 q( i0 _6 e; QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; b4 H: {9 T$ a
, W0 B% q$ b3 `4 X' _
* k3 _, j6 b6 v+ x- ^. V% ^ B
Actions by Consumers
6 Q. q8 W: e$ M) T6 X8 e/ {6 G 71. Consumers’ boycott
1 q# ]: v& v. c; B: r- p' r! Y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 g' |! u. I) z0 P: S 73. Policy of austerity
4 I8 N% }4 l6 w& m' d3 y- ] 74. Rent withholding
+ |4 v+ t" b* f5 ~* T7 Q3 g# s 75. Refusal to rent
; N: q- B( ~$ v. Z8 O* D 76. National consumers’ boycott4 Y `2 p0 |* _) l
77. International consumers’ boycott( {+ O8 n1 ?& ~0 t
0 s) H. W; Y1 t( l( j% R
Action by Workers and Producers
6 {3 H+ z& w9 x: W; S 78. Workmen’s boycott+ M2 q/ K1 C9 o: z1 {) ?- a- B
79. Producers’ boycott
0 q+ `! d' L3 y4 p% ]+ s6 }9 B
# X) k1 u6 ]" n* b: v/ Q0 i# k; yAction by Middlemen
) O, B) a1 O; g7 X. W 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 T* k: a; o0 V6 F, v" o D: d$ ?6 W+ P
Action by Owners and Management" n2 P0 j8 `2 P! l
81. Traders’ boycott4 T: O9 ~& h6 W( o5 n+ F
82. Refusal to let or sell property
% m* T, R. p+ d0 B. U; Z' G8 P 83. Lockout7 e5 z' G4 }2 c7 j
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
# c/ i6 g; B4 D* { 85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 {$ u8 t4 O% x# k7 X6 n N) ]0 C
0 A7 c& e3 F# ]* _: _1 rAction by Holders of Financial Resources& j2 Q. R3 |/ h
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ X; `" ~9 z6 H0 t) m9 D6 o 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 D* }6 E5 }( O4 X$ y5 v; ~
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) n% M1 l5 V, J. B6 R3 j# }) Q- K3 `
89. Severance of funds and credit
& p3 g& N; o4 ]) R! ?, y* b 90. Revenue refusal7 q4 q: O1 d9 D- J. B- G. Y
91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 w7 O, U/ d' a7 q8 ? [9 D' r& q% y' B) [, [1 v0 K
Action by Governments# I5 }: O; o2 e# b4 F4 n' w
92. Domestic embargo9 q& d; J5 z& B9 w
93. Blacklisting of traders- g3 c/ j0 N# ^1 H" ^3 G
94. International sellers’ embargo
( I% i. @3 f& W 95. International buyers’ embargo* a; t' g/ {% k5 M' ^4 l: p1 i i# X
96. International trade embargo
+ d0 L8 U( z( P5 o+ A% {' T6 u" \& M" S% W, I2 p
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! h' i/ S" w+ V6 K YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% m4 ?# c0 T+ n( y
) u9 P2 Q: T$ ~
& i8 V5 l6 ?; o! E( p: xSymbolic Strikes
4 S/ o3 j2 g2 g( a% w, q 97. Protest strike: r# V: E+ V) E1 W
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- \+ C# j7 r* ]1 `) p: I
8 I m8 x9 W, c' g* zAgricultural Strikes8 `3 a/ u/ y; \) B/ N# L
99. Peasant strike
: O! W8 d, u Q, t% z 100. Farm Workers’ strike1 _" j7 C* {8 Q6 ^: j; o* b; @% x
9 t: v7 V5 a* S$ u/ Q
Strikes by Special Groups
+ H0 M3 r* D: c2 u8 F 101. Refusal of impressed labor, V4 P6 d$ c# \. F( s
102. Prisoners’ strike" ~8 @; T7 K+ ]+ ~) h3 A# [
103. Craft strike8 `; w) d0 d% I7 Q) e$ P
104. Professional strike
% k3 ?. S" X/ r, f7 R$ [
7 K( R3 i7 F( ^2 Z1 {9 QOrdinary Industrial Strikes6 Y s3 ?' ^- t |' e3 I5 I' H/ W
105. Establishment strike
; p: v3 m* m* y$ i2 h 106. Industry strike
- Q9 b! w P" N+ D: q8 d 107. Sympathetic strike
{ y; N t# Y: a v1 d
; x+ w* r) V5 D. b( PRestricted Strikes" H( Y2 s( C- j) x9 R; b& C; g
108. Detailed strike
2 @' E/ ~$ `9 E: w( ] 109. Bumper strike
2 F9 F$ ^% i" u9 Z. w+ g" D- c7 V 110. Slowdown strike) P# r$ c. O5 n# b+ s" ]
111. Working-to-rule strike9 O5 F+ ~2 h7 h
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. ~7 L. W, q ?+ t h 113. Strike by resignation1 p+ ~3 b. {8 o" ?) e3 h
114. Limited strike6 }9 [3 Y' W4 r) w' h9 I
115. Selective strike w0 P3 @& q) y' S, B
- a) q8 j' j$ v$ P5 ]
Multi-Industry Strikes
: Z0 [% [5 q: q% h6 e2 A' y G" N* }
116. Generalized strike0 M$ B& ^$ C& o( F( V3 ^5 X4 O
7 N8 P2 u7 e* }$ x% S 117. General strike: ^, J' w" L. ?/ Z7 \2 z
! b% k: @8 _9 a6 t' tCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 H2 B* H S6 ]/ I6 R
/ G8 i9 y; a/ j) `4 V8 } 118. Hartal& N5 P) e6 J) g0 ~# n, @" `- R
) f" o& _/ V# K- E5 w1 O! Z: y 119. Economic shutdown" Z% E3 g' M* c" J" z
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/ L- o: \5 ], X$ ^- e# HTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& p L8 k z% T
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Rejection of Authority
/ t6 e2 c) z2 U: }, P" G! G+ x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance! i' `8 W: K3 M& g4 f! W. C9 a w
121. Refusal of public support# n2 c) j* S# w9 i; c
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
8 E# e1 J5 S( J, Q2 a8 Y6 L9 b/ ] o# U$ x& l F
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
# W' \! g' D4 a5 V- o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 W6 O- S% Y# D- Z- O$ o8 J' f
124. Boycott of elections
' L$ p7 l8 V$ B# M E. R( v 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; ]: [" K ^# O8 T5 `' [. g" m$ D 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* @+ x. u0 q; ^- m8 Q4 d 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- g0 y! u" ]4 h/ S I
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations9 \1 {- m- s$ i% N. W X
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
) E; k7 X* q# V" `3 a 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, C+ J& K e& A; g 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 m: Y3 o& ?0 v" S! P1 w1 f5 t- k# A
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 m" W, r. F4 i. w7 K
3 M) x' `+ j: m, i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 ~4 |- I7 b) e& ~ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance; N6 Y4 O& L: G2 q7 w3 m9 |+ ~! g
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
% P+ H% M- W* V! v/ d2 N) r 135. Popular nonobedience9 r* L% U- h4 P% e5 Y9 }: c2 l
136. Disguised disobedience% R6 v4 ^' P% L! m% k2 I
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 \3 a6 u1 x+ q2 p
138. Sitdown6 N, z) o5 N& m g2 k% D1 ^
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% R9 c: D a4 T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# A }2 H4 n3 h5 u- P
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ n p4 Q% k3 s( B9 p# a# A" r, {
1 r. f1 @7 G* v2 p/ H1 AAction by Government Personnel
! V. j' J! _8 A s8 \" e6 U0 C 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 o/ _7 h* J8 W K( b; N- } 143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 _* Y4 \+ }5 K
144. Stalling and obstruction+ _' v1 M" g; ]/ N' N6 [. x
145. General administrative noncooperation
9 g3 U( u3 z0 b X I; h: O; g- C; E7 ^$ g
146. Judicial noncooperation! O& p) E" v/ W6 N
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ q: B3 B) T7 J1 | 148. Mutiny
, u- a+ b: x2 o# C. m6 n; o( IDomestic Governmental Action; j" l0 v2 c/ C, k
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. z; Z% p7 N0 @* a6 j6 ] 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ q1 b" o" \# b9 ^
" b4 O( q. n% j. \1 [( C* lInternational Governmental Action" x2 z9 o; ^0 ~
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ q6 K% M6 ]2 H% G0 K E 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 H6 j4 ?2 B$ c1 U q; l( m
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" h5 P' @ w J1 }4 o7 S- g7 O
154. Severance of diplomatic relations; C" f4 B# G3 a9 F
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
1 U7 m# b5 |& e9 _. I ] O 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 n# T# e2 n* j- ~& N" U& n 157. Expulsion from international organizations; k' D/ |" ]& v7 b
$ { J1 z( u* g8 t# U. e( G
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" G- Y3 g: J! l- iTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* Q6 ^7 M) F3 r
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Psychological Intervention/ s. B6 e |, W6 }, [* e( C
158. Self-exposure to the elements
; O" \7 o, g* p* y9 a 159. The fast
" L* c9 X r Y a) Fast of moral pressure
) Y% e# I2 n7 X) W. S b) Hunger strike5 A9 b h; {/ b: a* j
c) Satyagrahic fast5 V5 A$ `" R5 c% T) N3 v* A
160. Reverse trial
$ y* h& [' j; @5 u' l' z7 K0 @1 M 161. Nonviolent harassment2 |1 {5 G: {4 i; \+ c; D
]- r7 {3 X9 k& {# CPhysical Intervention, _4 Y' g- R- B
162. Sit-in8 _- X8 b/ G' a) @/ x" ]
163. Stand-in
! K/ _( J# D* Q! g3 p 164. Ride-in1 ]( `) [4 @, ^& e4 }5 r, a
165. Wade-in
) E: P- w8 f4 r9 J6 |: D, X; q 166. Mill-in( ^; d/ g# D5 ?8 e" f
167. Pray-in8 D6 n9 J) Q" M: ~
168. Nonviolent raids+ H7 o; N0 ?' c( Q+ d
169. Nonviolent air raids7 A4 b0 w) Z' [/ w9 ^4 W
170. Nonviolent invasion
! c q& J S) d9 S4 i7 e. f* ]/ k 171. Nonviolent interjection
& _9 ~" w) r7 Z7 h3 \% q* d& q 172. Nonviolent obstruction8 [( O9 L. ]/ V5 i8 B
173. Nonviolent occupation8 S* a. P: }3 x6 p# ?
, A% N( x0 E. B1 T) {7 c$ {Social Intervention2 F T3 |3 d$ s. w* g0 P
174. Establishing new social patterns
1 m! V, t7 z: L7 y& `# D 175. Overloading of facilities
% a% V/ s: J: T/ J) z 176. Stall-in
9 b4 r. S# C+ c; }: ^+ b/ \2 O; Y 177. Speak-in
% ^! T% e! Q/ \" O1 k' A6 u 178. Guerrilla theater
4 G: ] _4 T% a8 p 179. Alternative social institutions
% U( O# N* l2 k0 g9 H 180. Alternative communication system/ S ]' j2 d" d8 j6 j4 p( y
; ]- b* y, T$ e. o9 s* ?Economic Intervention+ V, L. t1 d5 N; Z) v8 ?6 d; B
181. Reverse strike
- R s! w: L7 _! y" K$ G 182. Stay-in strike
1 w. @ y1 g' e1 J: y, U 183. Nonviolent land seizure
/ ~; N' V/ l) g2 {6 r 184. Defiance of blockades9 n) h; C/ x s- |' T% F5 H0 F2 x$ R
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
* | E; U! V. d/ U9 g 186. Preclusive purchasing7 n+ a# M2 d# r' p# W
187. Seizure of assets/ |, V \+ U7 d* t" j: |) [9 u
188. Dumping
% h, i4 X: i3 | 189. Selective patronage
+ W, N8 [6 k- j4 o, `" L" F 190. Alternative markets
# B K3 F% v$ H$ N. Z* f5 i 191. Alternative transportation systems
8 q0 O/ U4 {6 G, n; m* [ 192. Alternative economic institutions
5 _. k$ V% Y8 R$ ?8 K8 U& c
4 V- B9 R0 Q+ t" q7 M9 O3 FPolitical Intervention
4 x1 c7 }9 ~3 n5 I8 `% A& f 193. Overloading of administrative systems7 @2 b# @! p+ ]( G" B1 C
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! q4 U$ _! a: X7 |+ ?3 m' y
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 l$ u6 G. s- N# b 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& x* H2 {6 I6 \
197. Work-on without collaboration
, ]8 ]. i# k X% v; [ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" W; o- C& U1 x/ I& ~
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
