 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( ?3 R3 E5 ~1 WFormal Statements% h! }- Y' o- K' ?, `
1. Public Speeches
( P2 @! b- }2 @3 V 2. Letters of opposition or support4 j3 f6 P/ @5 i$ f" m _
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 U+ ~8 t) r7 w8 R. Y) r4 G 4. Signed public statements
& w& @& W" j D8 [- K8 X 5. Declarations of indictment and intention s6 }2 l3 S4 @
6. Group or mass petitions
7 v8 @' l. q N* L4 u( b
+ O: b+ Q+ D# x* uCommunications with a Wider Audience
6 |2 | E! _) r# { 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, A! n0 U2 d* V' J 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 N! X% @% `& F$ ?0 p 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 w* _: M# ? q% V4 i2 x/ r! _
10. Newspapers and journals8 B2 n& c! O9 N& Y; u
11. Records, radio, and television2 v4 t; P7 y; i; O
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 g) Y. g. ]+ Y
! \, Z) m) x8 l. KGroup Representations: z! ^0 T- t7 V$ f8 G( X- F
13. Deputations
6 X: d' S3 ~7 W+ y8 x 14. Mock awards
7 W4 D) N: x3 _ 15. Group lobbying. D" Z; E4 l z. i: L- o7 m
16. Picketing$ X( |2 G- o, v$ Z
17. Mock elections3 g5 j5 C6 Q: n3 o) b
5 ]5 X! q8 E$ w' b3 e! Q5 M- Z) T
Symbolic Public Acts: [$ x8 k3 @/ M$ d
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# \0 w4 n& U0 C! P5 P+ O 19. Wearing of symbols
% ?# F* ^' O; v3 p+ i3 F! b+ O 20. Prayer and worship2 f; l% `% @: ^
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 ^) Z) u8 \& {
22. Protest disrobings$ c- x: h* |3 E4 ^+ K9 f
23. Destruction of own property4 w5 A/ |" W# A- ^
24. Symbolic lights* u% Y& R; I6 d% n* d* p# ^8 }
25. Displays of portraits
+ I/ i; j! x% y# b 26. Paint as protest% X( k' t' b+ [
27. New signs and names! F% K6 c% n; _) [9 t0 [: w$ F
28. Symbolic sounds" D2 J' n5 y( u f: F
29. Symbolic reclamations' C7 k B3 z: d0 Y# g/ Z
30. Rude gestures
* }8 o9 ?9 A# P7 Q$ {! ^
/ v6 x5 G) ^6 q( |3 RPressures on Individuals
t/ X8 _6 a6 J8 V- z6 f 31. “Haunting” officials
' V! v* ]( P: f, k+ K( z 32. Taunting officials R" | c6 J! o6 R) u* j1 B
33. Fraternization
2 W" r2 H+ `7 F4 X9 K6 \ 34. Vigils
b1 T) O$ l: T+ Z# ?4 R c3 i! f$ C8 I7 j; i" ^
Drama and Music% i, H! T8 F- M3 W
35. Humorous skits and pranks# P, o4 p9 Y5 A v% L
36. Performances of plays and music
6 ~7 H# D) B/ x0 R1 L 37. Singing
- c6 N8 E3 X, N' z# ~1 i& Z. w
9 V) E2 n1 O7 D/ FProcessions
1 S2 p. E0 @% n; k m& o 38. Marches
0 X7 u, i* q; G4 p$ K5 F" n/ v 39. Parades
+ z# x0 Q9 r4 S" z 40. Religious processions
5 [+ D+ r& ?1 L. D; o1 m 41. Pilgrimages& x1 F1 l* r( q$ w" C" S% a
42. Motorcades
/ k, q0 J+ w- T4 h( k( V7 l* [' u4 u0 O; w
Honoring the Dead( ^* J' K2 `& v8 \- X) h
43. Political mourning
5 q Z+ h5 m- g/ t. S 44. Mock funerals' M: y1 B$ j/ J% ]8 ?5 M' }
45. Demonstrative funerals
3 t* J4 j( v$ E" s* P6 V1 u 46. Homage at burial places/ _0 W0 Z6 l$ r( ?5 i! u! y6 ?
8 o1 o9 X. F, r7 aPublic Assemblies
) B3 ^0 F( d6 w7 M8 P( I- h 47. Assemblies of protest or support
- Y" c0 a% [+ x6 x% s8 X4 ` 48. Protest meetings$ i' a/ C {" V: L/ q4 e
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& c; A7 {/ Y3 E1 Q# J1 x( W, k/ y 50. Teach-ins
/ a7 G) c$ I0 j9 g5 F2 C# o2 x0 [
2 k$ Q# }5 N) L) pWithdrawal and Renunciation
4 n; V/ R3 j2 \+ U& W1 A% [9 ~' P 51. Walk-outs# L/ ]# i, C* T- L/ k
52. Silence6 v+ ]6 n" ^6 `) D& e3 X' A! V
53. Renouncing honors
& x# K' _, L) } 54. Turning one’s back/ n; l3 e' S) \. z) D
/ G" z& K) R# ?, Z/ A. U & H# e0 R( C4 v2 u h
0 x( ~: h- q5 v
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION5 c! e; A2 |1 r; w& D1 s
8 t f, v, }# B1 O Q
0 _, `- `9 R6 p$ I2 V! M) t3 m$ Z6 y
Ostracism of Persons
) k& c6 X! {) W 55. Social boycott
! b) N8 R9 L1 z) b* }0 [- ` 56. Selective social boycott! D) |4 y0 E- h1 Q, B _+ S
57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ L, Z: O# ~7 m7 n& g' n- k 58. Excommunication
0 B3 N+ P% R- q) D* S- ]$ i 59. Interdict+ {8 \& l1 A, V' W+ N; y
) e! r& J/ V' \
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; T1 Y$ H' p( N! G: l 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
~2 D6 p, A( S# _ e, _ 61. Boycott of social affairs# ?* m2 C. _. |& l6 M
62. Student strike
( h$ y7 M: y1 j- |5 j; Q 63. Social disobedience: E& ^ C% ^& g* C1 S
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* K1 w2 _- w0 M# h7 ^$ E2 s! s- |
- C7 u j+ M `' Y) e1 M# lWithdrawal from the Social System
2 `* u) M3 v8 s( k 65. Stay-at-home5 E" L: b5 Q- U4 l
66. Total personal noncooperation7 |4 W# y& o6 j2 N. e8 F
67. “Flight” of workers
$ t, O( {( q- D# _% ] h 68. Sanctuary
8 ` l% c# J2 P/ d 69. Collective disappearance
+ [# ^7 N9 b& R C2 `3 x8 u* _( g 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)* d1 G8 Z1 ?+ p4 e0 a' j' _- C
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7 R8 k; u9 l6 L$ ?6 A- ]9 N' iTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 l; B0 x5 w. V
6 k; P+ i- h2 l% Q0 g) D3 x+ M
: K1 ~1 I( n2 i6 w4 |Actions by Consumers% g- a( ~, H# P7 Y' d$ T! Z
71. Consumers’ boycott$ v. q# x# @( Y- g7 i2 d
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 ~- p# {9 k( g+ p 73. Policy of austerity: g6 w$ N! a s
74. Rent withholding# b9 l( x3 [9 _7 ]! u9 Y/ d
75. Refusal to rent
- b+ v* W G' C5 A/ H 76. National consumers’ boycott; h- Q# A! l9 b& `
77. International consumers’ boycott
; ]# {5 g8 ]" _2 ?8 G; n" F! T8 k
+ G: g% s2 G! Y5 q6 jAction by Workers and Producers
4 f: [: i+ v* u# Q2 s 78. Workmen’s boycott
. Q* O( L# U$ y1 j" x# Q4 Q# { 79. Producers’ boycott
9 \1 `# A" d! O/ X/ D ^# \5 E* h. ?( B1 b/ i/ o* q6 t; |
Action by Middlemen
) c6 P- i/ V9 _2 R+ a) a; ^4 I- U: u 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( S$ r9 w8 s/ E+ P* ~. D& k, D
" c4 l. I/ ^! b2 d; S* HAction by Owners and Management
$ O7 e* N8 N2 t1 B 81. Traders’ boycott" A6 P3 T, h' \- j2 r
82. Refusal to let or sell property
* \% l3 v; V+ i6 R! i 83. Lockout
$ ^0 |2 t: s1 Y5 B- H4 y9 L# l 84. Refusal of industrial assistance: P& B, g3 |; I. B
85. Merchants’ “general strike”& H ]: t7 @) P2 x
! V" J! I$ d6 ]6 J# F
Action by Holders of Financial Resources% d' T d( }& u- l3 [8 P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* p; I5 X* y/ ? 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) ^0 i- B a( b, ]" u
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
?- u% {. U( R0 Y1 Y 89. Severance of funds and credit; y/ B G: L- Q' n- @
90. Revenue refusal1 B; i0 h' j: Y, X" o
91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 W3 a; X* m9 X- `" B( B2 x X8 m) K9 t7 i
Action by Governments4 F( Q I, I" _4 S5 w
92. Domestic embargo! I4 F3 v! G" l1 i! w$ {
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 G# R$ {$ z$ o 94. International sellers’ embargo
$ m; y- P* y& z! @; p7 H" k 95. International buyers’ embargo% Y0 `- o% O% U3 q7 C; n( T' R
96. International trade embargo. }8 |, F4 W& k: O9 ^4 u" `# T
: N e3 E/ H x/ b9 I" x
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
6 A& t0 s; Q" k; f! h1 o4 D( k& @, w" I. ]& P- {) D; k C
6 A b: @' R# s1 iSymbolic Strikes9 U& O) a _/ u. K* n- j, b; r
97. Protest strike1 A! k( b$ P# |) P9 H+ _3 T5 K% }" u
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- d" Y8 q0 h/ `2 ~/ U
5 D" y& m, D% u; l: f* \8 s* LAgricultural Strikes
8 P9 w" D3 w; y3 z( X# s9 m 99. Peasant strike! J8 Q) `, B4 h# {4 x
100. Farm Workers’ strike
. o6 r+ G1 p8 R4 Y
3 y& H; m( T. Z' c3 \9 E& R3 F. jStrikes by Special Groups
, F% }# W; {; O" C: W. v* Y 101. Refusal of impressed labor) Z. {& C, T, y! u" `! t
102. Prisoners’ strike( d7 t* X6 f4 |1 O" A ^
103. Craft strike1 A* i$ C a& J, @3 i
104. Professional strike
: L( p' B+ h" v* F6 q( P2 b7 k0 v4 @) N% e K, G( ]* b
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
0 w# V5 i2 H/ Q3 |$ i4 t& d3 D! ~ 105. Establishment strike
" }" Q1 x9 p4 g$ j! [/ i2 D/ b" T( y 106. Industry strike: Q0 G8 v& m" M# u% S5 Y
107. Sympathetic strike
; |2 ]) r0 y4 ?* [) k6 U' @% b8 O" e% G! X) b5 n2 u
Restricted Strikes
. g5 J8 R7 {* k; E2 ^' w' I 108. Detailed strike6 a) C3 \& D- ^0 H
109. Bumper strike# w4 ^. {! t" K- B% @( R
110. Slowdown strike* B5 r! Z3 z2 R: C
111. Working-to-rule strike9 G! d# w) f3 ]6 Q! I
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); t+ z O( ? D' u" v: s
113. Strike by resignation
) U' S2 C( C( g+ t- c 114. Limited strike0 A+ \8 e& H% b5 w* y! F
115. Selective strike: h, [5 S; Y1 L! S0 g$ ^. ?" X0 N
) y4 w0 z. U5 W. k- C# W
Multi-Industry Strikes8 x; h' J7 y2 n* g- ~! Z
% `+ I# s& B# p$ e) n 116. Generalized strike; b- L3 d* j! ]3 Z3 b) \
% b7 p# W; _6 I% G+ V
117. General strike- P" ^0 O( i7 X! }* O
/ d3 U; E. T8 }* F# S
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 `5 J e% E* _! o- j
1 _% U4 u( z: }( | D. ~; o 118. Hartal# f4 H0 C2 E& O* d u
* n" K1 w2 ~" Q/ k. m2 X0 ?+ o A
119. Economic shutdown: }9 x3 ~* M' [' L. c) U# R; q) o j
! |4 T4 j+ t, W- s& ?3 f) L! w& Z+ p6 ]
8 Q# S2 m( C6 R& C$ |
- v8 ?/ y- f; a; I; T
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
/ c1 T m' a; Y+ P, l 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- s# N* Y0 I! u2 {4 ?0 e M' a 121. Refusal of public support
+ w. J$ d( r+ g j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 j) [5 l& H% [! H
6 ?3 T" D8 B4 [* @$ M
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ e3 D1 o/ d& D# X# F; N8 }( Q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
! ^! N6 C8 c9 A8 m 124. Boycott of elections
: U( e" |' j0 Q5 P# q- Z* g 125. Boycott of government employment and positions% n* Q5 S$ R. P1 X
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 ?0 I& x* K j/ k8 r/ {
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% A5 [# C) H8 _8 c, J' b 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations$ C# Z2 _2 x% i, z* R- N
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" E5 `( Y# r8 I 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; h% u3 N( |% u1 i; V4 b2 z
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 z& |" {" {8 T, L% ~ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 \; B8 x! y) N. `, Z7 D/ l4 I; ]
8 E/ N2 S4 w% u. E8 b0 A3 J- a, N
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ d' A; P+ H$ j4 t6 k F
133. Reluctant and slow compliance* Q: k( {7 |; H1 i
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
0 S2 k( G4 p2 C' s$ t# l* t 135. Popular nonobedience- @3 a* }, M0 Y, o( }& v$ a: l$ c
136. Disguised disobedience2 b/ R! c( X" U, _5 v0 w
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! \4 b/ c* y( O6 k 138. Sitdown
4 T4 g' L9 s2 s% W( t2 e 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
9 N0 z" Z, R: \( c1 G 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ y! F: u. G. x5 g! M4 J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ g" B# |% `9 _3 c8 e) G( o7 O2 V$ F) J
/ f* ^# F& z' Z- s" b- N' R; q# e" i
Action by Government Personnel9 x' S' u! j5 h+ n
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
# M& q, e- A$ n9 E) x0 q$ C1 l6 e6 \ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information) R6 `' F* @9 r3 Z8 C8 R7 F
144. Stalling and obstruction4 g7 m6 L/ ^3 E1 |& S
145. General administrative noncooperation
5 o. B- E) |4 ]1 ]7 E- h
: p7 z0 w) V9 Z 146. Judicial noncooperation
5 B! ?' _- V, H2 R! ? 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 [. n" }: l7 d6 u* f8 c8 L% l, z 148. Mutiny8 O0 M+ H- T) J
Domestic Governmental Action
+ Y6 H) _- P" h+ c 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( s' _6 [% D' q/ t& T
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( x0 s) g- l3 T5 p8 {1 q
3 s) u: ^' `0 Z' N( p0 Y5 w
International Governmental Action
$ s& K( M+ ?3 X+ g% [7 x( k 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 s, e. O( O+ D4 g0 [ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' }) g# d* X" [: m% D 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition9 _. Q( e. y, a8 u- D o
154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 J0 ?2 `: A8 i) N$ E% |4 q q- Y9 T
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! J. d4 c K5 f- l ^) j 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, N% Z9 }1 Z9 \) E; T 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 }5 d3 r% x4 X0 k [, B5 N1 D
* @, ]* A( ^3 {
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) G' m1 o- q. @2 _THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION( B- o$ Q6 |- i; [ l1 H
/ u! |- ]! F T& e1 }" q" I* A
) b2 l5 ?/ N* k4 HPsychological Intervention: h1 h9 `( |! F; B5 j5 l* F
158. Self-exposure to the elements v# b' }( G0 l$ }. C
159. The fast2 ]/ ?% u, x4 L% T% q, _5 W1 e
a) Fast of moral pressure6 C( P8 ]& |2 f( X4 G2 C9 e" X
b) Hunger strike
9 g* T) j) b8 Z/ R6 J L4 w c) Satyagrahic fast* p0 q8 P/ u' R
160. Reverse trial
2 w" v% D& m8 j* P 161. Nonviolent harassment) k% G0 w$ P( E
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Physical Intervention
0 G2 C* y# ?$ R( X 162. Sit-in
9 O- ?2 ^9 \7 D! }& g 163. Stand-in
6 B4 g, E& m( h" j 164. Ride-in9 }& R4 }& K! W) ?, @ y
165. Wade-in) p+ p$ ?* s! k7 D a
166. Mill-in9 V0 q( _. t6 J2 e$ \4 z
167. Pray-in
( J* S9 G2 d. L W' g 168. Nonviolent raids
- `7 t& ?- o9 r8 y3 b& N 169. Nonviolent air raids) ~5 N) {; m+ F& d5 n7 O0 Q
170. Nonviolent invasion. F( _9 g7 |+ I7 m7 s- b
171. Nonviolent interjection5 y; s, I3 m2 z/ K
172. Nonviolent obstruction$ A1 Y, M g, i) F! v
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention+ @# E z) G+ \6 K* Y
174. Establishing new social patterns
! w6 U! l8 \; O 175. Overloading of facilities; R& U2 @$ Q" \
176. Stall-in
7 Y7 j1 ]4 \$ L8 X2 s 177. Speak-in
1 x) S/ l: A4 Y9 e# o 178. Guerrilla theater9 @$ t+ R+ x2 n% O4 B& t) m
179. Alternative social institutions# X" e. o+ G0 Q: q/ k8 F' c
180. Alternative communication system) v* B4 u) [! |% @! |! D
3 D2 Z) h; u o" j( H0 zEconomic Intervention
8 k. _/ Y$ G; K% f8 a, Q+ Z: G+ k4 ] 181. Reverse strike
' n2 I. { h8 w: Z1 R. i 182. Stay-in strike
/ P" d* t% n' p% J 183. Nonviolent land seizure" j! E W3 t/ p* t
184. Defiance of blockades
' [7 ?) I: u3 V9 U 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
. i3 q. `3 s6 v6 x0 m7 u6 S8 w8 [ 186. Preclusive purchasing' B9 i" o3 ^& k, m
187. Seizure of assets
3 s& k; Z- Y+ s" r* D 188. Dumping+ _/ L3 z# I/ c3 B' d4 \
189. Selective patronage ]7 `% r" M" S
190. Alternative markets
2 X- s3 U! Z" N, z' g1 i 191. Alternative transportation systems
' n" ~, p# p! [% s0 Q- [, n3 f/ y 192. Alternative economic institutions
0 V; P* J/ ~% f
% D/ @5 t% ~1 H, g: ZPolitical Intervention
" i4 k- L: [4 z: I: @- ~ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 t2 y6 ^) o; h N- f. D 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 h$ C P; |+ Q/ w6 \0 P 195. Seeking imprisonment
* H: K$ [1 O9 T& a6 W 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% r+ A1 P1 M9 i& h4 \" j
197. Work-on without collaboration1 v# ]# y8 U# [3 {6 [" V! z9 W
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; N6 ~5 t" ]* G+ c; b9 M& j& I) ~
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
