 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, q$ X- }6 Y, i- X. m
Formal Statements% Q* f; z1 z) v. t& G S! i
1. Public Speeches
) U% Q! J- V/ d+ z( z$ K 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ b* x, D; U. Z" q9 g' h# o 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. h$ `( g$ A. A9 t4 ? 4. Signed public statements. p2 F( Q# P+ _0 \8 E
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 I* Q- w/ w2 Y/ J- @: i: z( P 6. Group or mass petitions
6 ]$ Z, R F, x. b- d3 B' O+ W* D, k+ z# R# V9 C: D3 z( i) U
Communications with a Wider Audience
$ s0 J- t: c$ l- ?& Z) H- H' b 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) V& b. D) D: E( p
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, e3 Q9 o5 f$ V1 f, }! Z" \# ^
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 w9 V8 K; q( G) H 10. Newspapers and journals
$ [9 z! F$ t" @5 q8 u 11. Records, radio, and television
& |4 h8 U" ^/ ?- m: N 12. Skywriting and earthwriting, d2 Z8 y) k# h. S& V
( [: E3 i% ~; Q5 J5 t' Z) eGroup Representations
7 _! S/ E5 H. h/ m4 o; v# ] 13. Deputations; d0 _( {+ `0 v" H
14. Mock awards
1 [' g0 k. M& K. A0 X3 M4 x0 f 15. Group lobbying |1 x$ t2 f" [+ r
16. Picketing
0 @- K2 L; J: k/ p8 O( r; S 17. Mock elections# y+ S$ ^1 w# H# u3 B! {& M
4 L4 a4 D4 \1 C- z5 c) OSymbolic Public Acts
! g6 K" y( F0 I: x/ Z- q4 j9 u 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" k$ `. M# x/ W% F/ q$ ]( n+ n
19. Wearing of symbols
. K: L7 y7 C+ O, s* T 20. Prayer and worship
% L- q8 @& a& W6 R! D- V 21. Delivering symbolic objects6 e: Z* K5 R" z1 d
22. Protest disrobings
+ d7 [" b5 U3 R6 j 23. Destruction of own property9 W; H+ k9 U( n" b" ?
24. Symbolic lights
; b _ m3 m% |* J) [ 25. Displays of portraits
* Y* k9 l% \/ N' b2 r; I 26. Paint as protest4 N6 k& j. {: |9 Y. ^
27. New signs and names: b: v7 W7 [- f& t8 b# z8 n$ n; E m
28. Symbolic sounds
2 m8 H) Y) _& }) ^6 ^: X 29. Symbolic reclamations
2 j3 z, j( N1 U- J 30. Rude gestures G6 W: s. J8 _0 ~* E. ^" x
9 `- x' B9 i2 i/ \Pressures on Individuals3 H* p0 {4 H0 g* S
31. “Haunting” officials+ A4 ~$ O% u- }: _
32. Taunting officials
( p9 O4 _$ L9 n) u 33. Fraternization
/ ^5 ?1 g) \5 z7 M; _8 o9 C! Z, \ 34. Vigils
8 j/ U. L4 L; I9 U7 \- B, [* _1 b+ b# y
Drama and Music' y8 {. K/ e) {4 w( v+ e: [
35. Humorous skits and pranks* W7 x7 ^. f4 i1 w5 C, f3 U. Q/ E
36. Performances of plays and music
% c4 B) B. {. r8 a 37. Singing
2 y$ f2 B( _* r' E3 d0 `4 [' c+ g! W w
Processions1 C4 h9 s+ _2 f6 W) q. |3 U
38. Marches
0 ~6 `/ L. O9 K# g1 c# c 39. Parades# Q6 [; k3 I6 D: U, {
40. Religious processions
4 J, `! |1 r9 m! ?+ R 41. Pilgrimages( \+ R( B3 U& p6 j+ l- t, C2 ]! i; Y
42. Motorcades
) \) N- g6 N1 j" ~- F
0 p7 [: c' f/ vHonoring the Dead
6 f/ I9 c8 k V3 P5 q& z0 l1 Y 43. Political mourning
/ @+ e( V, R1 x4 T 44. Mock funerals
# ^/ B$ k1 X# o; N. D5 F6 x0 { 45. Demonstrative funerals
i& p0 k( m" |- R. A/ H 46. Homage at burial places
; E6 \9 f3 c; |1 N2 T- v& _+ h' J, ?3 U
Public Assemblies
4 X) y8 r, P& Y$ e9 F0 s; @! F( w 47. Assemblies of protest or support2 l. \8 j% i0 o N% N* |9 _
48. Protest meetings: V' N/ J8 x' w! _, J
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest; }5 a8 ~1 M8 D
50. Teach-ins
* M& [ k; \5 r b4 m s) M" X7 D) }
Withdrawal and Renunciation! n) D! c- o J% {( n0 H
51. Walk-outs
! F& M( I) y6 A+ ~ 52. Silence& Q6 g$ E4 e/ K0 }
53. Renouncing honors, u" {: v/ Y( W, c7 C
54. Turning one’s back
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. g. g& w4 O/ H
6 W% g, l' @, s7 J' g( }) H uTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION: B) G. y0 f( i( Q3 _ e5 g
7 p, T! o6 }/ Y6 |4 h2 A' I! G
8 }5 ~& E! c5 B" u O. H( I
2 a* F) ?9 H! V9 c: c* s5 E2 L
Ostracism of Persons
; _" u$ _8 |! ~3 w 55. Social boycott
, \, A, q' ~8 M6 r! ~ 56. Selective social boycott
, @% N3 B: y" E* @7 _+ K 57. Lysistratic nonaction
' D1 C% Q0 \" C6 I2 i: l 58. Excommunication" ] z- B6 F) w3 E: |
59. Interdict
! ?, q9 m" n# F5 U5 I- e X& Y0 h3 |
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 J! W# W- x) Y" K- _7 e
60. Suspension of social and sports activities: c0 p8 {; G9 P& r- h
61. Boycott of social affairs
' U* y4 q/ F5 C! G5 e 62. Student strike
; o4 h5 i' K6 Y+ E6 B( p ^% [ 63. Social disobedience
* i* w- a& r/ ^ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions- c5 ?" ?: o: l/ Q5 N' q, m
1 s* K* m: ]9 E% q, F7 u5 PWithdrawal from the Social System; X3 c4 q& U7 j8 P% X2 _3 l- \
65. Stay-at-home2 l9 \/ @% k* j. M, B [# g; ?
66. Total personal noncooperation
" {; S% ~+ F! [! m* Y 67. “Flight” of workers
3 V( t! J: Y" U( B! d! u 68. Sanctuary- g1 S$ _* L# P' k5 Z
69. Collective disappearance- F4 N0 Z* d/ I" m( t" E) w
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ ^3 m% j8 X' H9 L8 M2 n0 b: ~$ e* G% y. l* j1 q1 z' u! }
; d. G% T% s7 ?0 O# T6 l
1 P" J$ v: I2 T2 OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. Y* @! N5 X1 S( p v, h. f# g
' L x7 ?3 e' s% N' m+ [
% S& \$ d( q$ n# S cActions by Consumers
" v' E5 ~5 ] z4 ^2 }. o$ ] 71. Consumers’ boycott' B3 I% p( m' @5 e9 J" [ w8 r
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ p7 F C9 t' l, ]% m% [4 `( j% s8 ^ 73. Policy of austerity& b1 p7 U ~$ l% V+ N. t
74. Rent withholding
, W- D/ K& ^& x3 k" k( x. v 75. Refusal to rent* p/ ?( c {% t8 ~$ S3 c7 q ~1 g; E
76. National consumers’ boycott5 X: M+ c: K) w9 D0 N$ a: S0 d7 }& @
77. International consumers’ boycott" a. }, ?' f6 D% i0 P3 W, z
2 @4 P2 m, j9 ]7 y8 iAction by Workers and Producers
) ^1 j# }% n; \7 Z6 k2 ] 78. Workmen’s boycott& K% U! g6 Y- [& Y, L( @0 `$ ?+ O
79. Producers’ boycott$ {1 L, j, a8 i% W' M4 [
' D6 i. p4 _) n) T7 `Action by Middlemen
* @; N9 y: k$ R 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 C: g' v- b3 m7 s2 C$ I/ k- c
1 N( U- Q3 E+ b r. Y8 ^Action by Owners and Management
* R8 @ j/ T& l9 o 81. Traders’ boycott
! v3 W1 A: O5 N 82. Refusal to let or sell property1 o8 S5 G* H. { N! { @
83. Lockout
/ W1 i5 Q3 t. f& v' {. {* y9 R 84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 h5 V& [: @5 b1 B/ s* l
85. Merchants’ “general strike”( } k% h f) I3 L7 Q
: w& d2 J# M! ]3 dAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! o8 ^: Q$ n1 p( ^; n 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 I/ g$ D0 T: e' u5 t! M5 Y4 y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 w) E! S1 G5 o- J2 E" p0 ?5 G 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 I N+ f* J8 B) E4 y& K _
89. Severance of funds and credit5 ^+ C; M* E4 X* J5 K0 _' ]
90. Revenue refusal) l$ z A1 P0 g7 ~& B
91. Refusal of a government’s money
! ]- `5 F1 F; k5 y& n7 S8 Q8 Y5 {& A" T" u
Action by Governments8 v/ \, W9 a4 l8 F7 V- Y" [
92. Domestic embargo3 k) _: S" W5 E& I5 U+ v$ h
93. Blacklisting of traders
6 c( D5 Q; C. @. d( I- G% A 94. International sellers’ embargo
% f+ G3 s9 F/ G$ L* [& N$ u 95. International buyers’ embargo
# m; G0 u0 D, g; q) h# d 96. International trade embargo
9 y$ Y8 a( V" {. g* f
$ H1 o2 ?7 d# p8 U : d1 J! [, e: Y8 d& _
; I6 _, z$ F+ jTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: j9 |3 a% S+ X% x; V, \7 F# y O; C# D9 p. d" T/ d4 Z
. @) l3 L) \' g1 e* ]
Symbolic Strikes3 @ R; M' k. q8 O
97. Protest strike$ z6 s; K) ^% S9 w! s5 q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)) h T" R- y. b g4 X
# [" M' J8 u$ O- a I& ~4 L# [Agricultural Strikes
& u( f2 M# O0 i0 h 99. Peasant strike
/ y9 H q- v2 W. f 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 q. I0 s2 A6 G9 ]# h/ p6 p9 y8 _9 s, Z$ `3 u4 j
Strikes by Special Groups0 Y7 F s# C7 F, w3 V
101. Refusal of impressed labor
" z5 j# w' ?8 Y8 O G! z+ | 102. Prisoners’ strike
3 K1 z/ F8 z" h$ ]* a9 n# e7 s1 e0 X 103. Craft strike
8 h! B% h0 |7 n* a( v 104. Professional strike
. A1 Q$ Z+ E$ u! ]0 |7 ?* r% w$ G! \9 o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes0 ?# T0 w- n5 t9 D+ `
105. Establishment strike
- D8 m0 ]+ w& u/ B" w5 M 106. Industry strike: @" h; `# c6 n3 V: F
107. Sympathetic strike
4 Z) `3 ~. d G! A n# s9 w& u& r( C4 f2 \5 E
Restricted Strikes
2 j" q. D, Y8 a/ R1 _- Y2 r 108. Detailed strike) D( p3 b. T" u) J, p
109. Bumper strike" L4 A8 o0 a9 m8 B t; X
110. Slowdown strike. j8 |1 F& _5 K3 ~, Z- I! q
111. Working-to-rule strike
, d/ `+ A" }& q- R9 V# Y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- |4 ^6 U6 ^8 q m+ R0 }+ S! [ ]" T 113. Strike by resignation
* a* N$ n! s7 S: q2 @; G 114. Limited strike- Q' y1 q9 y5 q; Z
115. Selective strike
& S9 Y; J$ K1 v& u: X6 r& O# q8 U0 o5 T" l2 D1 n
Multi-Industry Strikes
& ] z# T7 r4 H7 S6 q3 _' P; R8 c/ v0 w
116. Generalized strike1 `8 Y4 Q2 Y( T! e" C; V5 e/ F
5 A' M Y6 d) L0 \ 117. General strike
) j' b+ Y# b7 C5 F+ u0 w+ |% m
/ w3 w1 ?# u! m( q7 Y: d& xCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
: R( V* }! y. b. T9 _% \: I+ q3 v$ o3 R) @
118. Hartal; R/ x& v( U5 u
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
! x. n; s* I) a/ m) I9 H
* I, s& V6 s. i
: e- A8 _) Q4 G& _, L$ b3 PRejection of Authority
4 ^5 W/ K& x- u2 E5 p 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 _4 {; {* S9 O2 _ j 121. Refusal of public support( g3 Y5 r' g; P0 Z& t7 ]
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( T& x" I/ o( J; B; X) [6 [" b
8 _3 x6 d0 J: q+ a! h
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* g: N* w# w+ U% p. w3 [" U 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
8 e0 b! m* s R 124. Boycott of elections. E! s2 c3 n$ ]2 t/ Z" T
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 o7 N2 r7 K. l 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 L8 _" D# b& Y+ b* W8 B 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( L0 p- _6 K) B" U0 U7 c" _0 j 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 N3 S9 }; W4 A 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 [7 R8 @ x! f, D- d 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 L" J9 t4 m4 k# p; {( d 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* h g3 C$ _! Y0 o
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) n7 c, X# p t! A
' z3 b1 n' J4 L9 r$ ^% wCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 o. P% s5 Z: B7 _+ B
133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 U2 D# V9 [" @" ]7 P
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 N& U+ j5 Q6 c- P4 L8 { 135. Popular nonobedience
U6 \6 x9 ~! U. W0 R0 h 136. Disguised disobedience
2 X6 `5 b, \' l6 b8 q9 } 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 g% }' z- M3 m \
138. Sitdown0 _) U: h! T4 o5 |4 Q2 ^9 e
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 x4 {: s7 t7 O7 ^3 E6 \7 `3 L
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ |% J+ ]5 u8 u4 V) H4 B
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# u) ~" R( ?( s" p3 k4 p' S1 y+ o5 |/ {. @# z2 A0 [
Action by Government Personnel
: W! @' G" S4 m H: N6 ? 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* }$ W& q8 i5 U+ s$ S( T 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( e6 M$ e! s/ S& w- c 144. Stalling and obstruction
- t$ O: G6 P( ]% o3 `- G0 P5 Z 145. General administrative noncooperation8 B' M+ [" L8 O0 `, |
2 l7 h2 E6 T2 t6 w1 u# P% _% r, ]
146. Judicial noncooperation
- B' m0 h6 i5 l, B/ B7 | 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
O2 F% q) X7 M' p# J7 J5 L/ x 148. Mutiny( P; t& N9 {5 d9 R4 x
Domestic Governmental Action* s! q6 U. e, Y7 j$ O
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& |- @ k. q0 g9 f! z8 I1 Z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& E {& `& {! D5 m9 l
, Z8 h4 Y6 G2 n$ v
International Governmental Action* k9 y8 E/ g6 f4 Z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- C7 D) Z+ Z' F+ L- Z 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- ?7 b4 g' L3 r3 E: u. N( F
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, |- x" V* u( t- j
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* S, P4 ^( |7 n 155. Withdrawal from international organizations8 q. @1 X% K/ |6 V4 m
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 R& V' _& P& ] 157. Expulsion from international organizations
' z$ ?& O- ]; u) ]. L9 U1 W8 {# a8 T0 ~ a8 }
4 f C8 @( }6 d! {1 I3 c
( C" W" G6 }$ u' t3 a# Z1 d' z4 eTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# a) P; v( M) u
+ h# ]! A% [. c, j& ]" b
0 r( W6 q+ _* d; p. F0 O7 ~5 P& P6 qPsychological Intervention
- X$ B, r; ]7 s0 v 158. Self-exposure to the elements7 s# z3 b; k8 p; {. a9 n& _
159. The fast; N7 @. q$ s+ O U
a) Fast of moral pressure
/ A$ R4 K: }. G, _, b# H b) Hunger strike3 ~; q! a7 S5 Y$ e! i0 N1 t
c) Satyagrahic fast
+ ~# H: m9 y+ X7 n5 m6 b8 P 160. Reverse trial
& s4 R0 A D4 R J 161. Nonviolent harassment7 ?( k+ E& f8 d- A( v
6 R2 R/ W. }4 ~( U- L# [! ]Physical Intervention A; D" s; ]! X$ R6 J4 T. C
162. Sit-in
& M9 a: b" E b% d# k 163. Stand-in
2 r: {/ g% Q' \4 s+ ` 164. Ride-in0 [; R: Y, e) G* V# N
165. Wade-in6 L" i. V" `) E* o0 `9 q5 z4 b
166. Mill-in6 [# K# t' p5 B
167. Pray-in5 v" |# i: I( C/ s" o
168. Nonviolent raids4 V! Z; q0 t8 }) v8 @
169. Nonviolent air raids
) l: T9 \; v6 y% {* [& `' o 170. Nonviolent invasion
7 K# Z2 E p8 c3 V) F7 @2 v$ ` 171. Nonviolent interjection
a/ i6 I2 d8 J; W( L0 B; V 172. Nonviolent obstruction G+ W. v2 {0 d* V, T4 r
173. Nonviolent occupation- z3 v2 P# a8 W1 ~% `
* y2 F9 Y% i B% a4 r2 u/ q
Social Intervention
H. n+ h% }' v; j 174. Establishing new social patterns3 Y8 y3 |$ S: L1 M# ~' B* {
175. Overloading of facilities
' F; n! l6 b. ^- }. y* u 176. Stall-in
g9 {: ^4 d1 l 177. Speak-in6 z( ~9 ]: f9 y4 q" I4 }
178. Guerrilla theater2 H+ f( Q, O8 E8 j) Z
179. Alternative social institutions1 ^! |) ~ m: f6 k. E, s( \% _
180. Alternative communication system
" ?4 {5 S7 x5 H$ n& q" S( n6 W* Y8 Z2 z' s) G/ i. Q1 c1 z, |: Z% w3 m
Economic Intervention2 u! Y. y% [ z. c7 `+ j
181. Reverse strike
% Y, F5 M9 g& w+ E4 v 182. Stay-in strike
' n' Y9 Q" a4 d: y( i; u 183. Nonviolent land seizure M; T, v$ e, \! r w. | c# W
184. Defiance of blockades
+ p$ U1 f# [$ i 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting, @- S2 F2 i, @3 @/ @' L1 X
186. Preclusive purchasing8 u( K% q _3 S# _0 P
187. Seizure of assets
' n0 i; X% P7 b' s 188. Dumping4 Y+ j5 _4 c$ R) |
189. Selective patronage$ V* I7 k( V/ d( S7 B4 ], J
190. Alternative markets
5 e& @, k$ j7 ~' D; _ 191. Alternative transportation systems4 [7 |4 V: N- X
192. Alternative economic institutions
& V7 s- g- T' E. V6 K1 {: I: f+ t, \# d( t/ @0 p5 l
Political Intervention
: e# Y9 Z- A0 q- E( V 193. Overloading of administrative systems. K4 V+ o' N) z5 _$ E5 b4 g. |
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ j) q3 _5 f% E$ @. `7 }) O3 j$ K
195. Seeking imprisonment* }5 Q+ R8 ]4 e5 q# M! C
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws- Z! I3 s# }5 Q( D: d
197. Work-on without collaboration
% }9 U* o' B( \, B9 z3 b 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
