 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ i5 R! N' r8 p# D# gFormal Statements! h6 z: r! W! u( n9 W8 C
1. Public Speeches# q& |! y1 J% c P$ F$ K G' t0 q; n
2. Letters of opposition or support- g) \5 N3 ~$ ?
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# S$ b! @1 M: J7 t0 Q; R 4. Signed public statements) D: g& V; ^3 @- V* Q$ l4 d
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ ^7 i# t& E2 P9 k# u) s 6. Group or mass petitions
8 |" S% V% I1 O5 U" a7 u9 s4 Z5 s! j+ |' n& P' I
Communications with a Wider Audience5 a( c L0 m) G$ S; d2 g
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
. F) Z; a6 x5 D2 A 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& r4 U5 Y9 z# n+ b2 g5 Y7 {+ i 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, A! @$ Q+ M' P
10. Newspapers and journals
3 v2 W9 c' c& S* a* B 11. Records, radio, and television
8 G' Y1 o, P+ x. n* Q6 x6 w 12. Skywriting and earthwriting. j( }& X3 f6 V7 q `, F; o
- d9 X8 `- \- ]8 j! n( v6 TGroup Representations
4 g5 n2 u" P2 P# u 13. Deputations
, x! E" x* T! c% g3 t5 h2 j 14. Mock awards4 \; K* Y3 M$ j" B, A
15. Group lobbying% c" `2 H8 |" S- `) k8 d4 {" s$ k t; P- _
16. Picketing. j4 |/ ]" [0 ?: E3 D6 b7 Y# M
17. Mock elections) ]# E% b B0 k: F+ D" h5 j% Y. i& Y
' R; J+ n/ l4 a2 {Symbolic Public Acts
* M% E: p( u+ r0 Z: R5 O( P 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors3 T3 ~, L9 }8 O k
19. Wearing of symbols* G7 _7 m: d5 b) w, I4 x
20. Prayer and worship
( x7 q# `/ w2 x$ }0 s* [ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 I- S* _% Z" j- k# M& Q+ p/ M 22. Protest disrobings
$ S0 G5 ~4 x, P/ D' W# ?& O: w 23. Destruction of own property
1 b( d0 E9 n( x# L7 S7 k; l 24. Symbolic lights7 ?( P& @ G _% M+ ]6 b5 L' K
25. Displays of portraits
' c$ @8 ^3 x0 l$ r7 k 26. Paint as protest
+ e% P4 u9 m" i/ R. |3 d9 ` 27. New signs and names
% L' h) g3 y) Q2 O* A5 `& t! S 28. Symbolic sounds
* O. n7 P4 N6 B/ O 29. Symbolic reclamations
& ~( _4 E' z; |! k 30. Rude gestures. S* S( q( s2 j% }
9 G# j5 D L: TPressures on Individuals8 ~! V Y+ t6 n) r0 n* b: k
31. “Haunting” officials
7 L$ v' S% c+ E* f& s% \" e% H 32. Taunting officials$ [% t5 X4 d8 @* ^; B2 }: g/ i
33. Fraternization
* p: X9 M4 }9 W: h6 T7 q 34. Vigils
3 }) a- \0 e7 G, N5 c
9 z# Y2 c- A5 W# d9 ~* TDrama and Music
4 w; t! @" p" y- ]) x 35. Humorous skits and pranks( J0 S4 w0 f# F3 S
36. Performances of plays and music
W4 |: R( m7 @0 h5 J, `$ j2 Z 37. Singing% w0 X( u+ P% }
/ }" |. u( h9 E' n5 m
Processions
3 l( }$ ]0 O7 u6 Z 38. Marches
2 r1 S% g& g) ^; K7 D5 @0 Q4 r# Y 39. Parades1 E. M$ u7 e9 a& ^6 u1 [1 E
40. Religious processions
$ N( s% I3 _7 ]% G6 F& j 41. Pilgrimages
, k$ M9 H+ V0 ^9 g 42. Motorcades7 f. r+ f2 _( X2 f/ d4 x
7 F$ h7 ~1 X v6 yHonoring the Dead% i9 d. v$ N. O [' _) h s9 H
43. Political mourning
* J: l9 {7 X; R% K" g0 A+ d. m" K 44. Mock funerals- X" c1 v) A8 U( O# u, T) Q
45. Demonstrative funerals
5 M/ X3 L9 i2 D/ G& ?) k# b 46. Homage at burial places
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# ^+ j+ [( l; K( yPublic Assemblies
# g+ N/ c& t* u 47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ Q! n' J2 j% q5 a0 q 48. Protest meetings& H0 X$ w% O% U) G% k5 w0 p
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 p7 h8 p5 o( G* f 50. Teach-ins
$ c' y' j( R3 G' s; i# T6 c, W: D C4 i6 M1 V; R
Withdrawal and Renunciation: v, ^4 A+ f. _2 N! p
51. Walk-outs
( h- _7 s* s' l 52. Silence' F. L! { |4 O* H5 v! Z- S
53. Renouncing honors
% j( G8 b9 U4 m- U/ Q 54. Turning one’s back0 T" O4 {2 f! z+ b
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& R9 r' M& A4 O/ @9 A5 ?7 @% OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION8 n2 [ ^# p1 J% c. y
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& K' l/ @/ A& h8 v: q# B! |7 o6 UOstracism of Persons
) R& \! n7 q5 G6 I% G 55. Social boycott
7 l% C. Z& O1 ~- W5 {6 t. d 56. Selective social boycott: k1 J, y7 h j1 p2 n4 ~* }, p9 E/ J1 N
57. Lysistratic nonaction' r' A7 }, L8 u* O; E
58. Excommunication, ^' J& o! S5 Q( c1 g6 C. s3 L A' q
59. Interdict
( ~3 F# M# `3 s- d1 m+ u% i7 U* F" a' y9 C( @& t
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 H2 C6 b7 L1 T: K/ J* i 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; s. Z/ H1 H1 }: Y5 E7 f 61. Boycott of social affairs
3 t! u6 d3 P. e+ e* w" C 62. Student strike
8 c. L7 [" e0 n 63. Social disobedience# Q% X, b m/ [% U
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* d+ B+ e! k8 T8 P2 `
) z9 Y& a* `+ W! E- k4 O( DWithdrawal from the Social System
5 S5 p* b5 R# L 65. Stay-at-home
! s+ Q: F( t6 h 66. Total personal noncooperation4 e) E! x0 O( U7 j$ n+ C
67. “Flight” of workers. ]0 L) r2 R) Q
68. Sanctuary
G% \, J4 Q9 r 69. Collective disappearance
% e3 V% v3 j$ h3 v& ~) j- s 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! H! e5 }4 l3 i( G
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; h8 {8 B1 G/ ^5 Z T4 j% A* RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS3 A* o0 t5 _+ T( h+ x s
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7 q. c; H- o0 x) l, x8 ?+ e' n
Actions by Consumers
) Z! P% j: g3 u+ N0 {+ F 71. Consumers’ boycott
) w0 D0 M2 c. T3 }- X8 [ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods {) s. S* v2 a( o& g* o. f4 v
73. Policy of austerity
7 c- Q) d; s3 V" z( g6 ~9 B 74. Rent withholding: P9 @2 W2 _5 u% _6 H
75. Refusal to rent
/ h" \# }2 l/ n9 k+ ^. @ 76. National consumers’ boycott
: @: g; {3 t: y: V9 a* y 77. International consumers’ boycott3 j4 Q0 Z z3 p7 _/ q) Q9 N
% ^: X) T2 C9 D3 ~" X( S& E1 OAction by Workers and Producers- C6 j9 X' k. x2 B# Y0 F: u
78. Workmen’s boycott
0 `; d8 s8 U+ R+ N1 E 79. Producers’ boycott
) {4 _ n9 O; j7 ?" \* \- X- }+ D+ ]1 Y* W$ N
Action by Middlemen
' K2 t( k6 m* p/ n% m; I 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ a( }- u) s a6 \* m0 z" ~6 a: g. I; K" x
Action by Owners and Management
5 @# L6 r; \9 P& Z$ f; K 81. Traders’ boycott
; E, t& |, V6 l' O/ X7 f 82. Refusal to let or sell property
4 y- I, }' i, m' ] 83. Lockout1 u+ f3 m# U8 c; F7 j
84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ C' n$ T0 Y4 N3 {
85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 t' |) A- l/ w S$ N
; E- [& z' @' u! }
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. g0 ~: s: c: x 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 E; ]+ }) V; w% q5 [& { 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. F' p( @0 x u3 @ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) y. G. V8 v! I9 S9 N; T3 e, u
89. Severance of funds and credit
6 U( f! j" x6 E$ Z0 ` 90. Revenue refusal
4 ]/ M3 U3 m( | m9 [' G5 R6 b+ n 91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 z x+ _9 z7 V4 P1 X3 Q0 K8 ?. [2 X2 o* m+ F8 w3 r
Action by Governments
$ q8 Y8 j' ^, A- D 92. Domestic embargo3 V5 \2 U" O- m. H8 A( W1 b
93. Blacklisting of traders
6 P, ?* T# F4 y2 G7 o* T, _! D 94. International sellers’ embargo' J d! [' s, O0 C, X6 B
95. International buyers’ embargo
; V8 F$ R, o# N4 h7 o1 x& E 96. International trade embargo
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( R& {4 Q1 z# H8 dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% c" |( s, d. x" J4 G& t; C
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Symbolic Strikes
+ `4 t2 U! j: M6 }2 q. b# @1 W: a6 ^% g. d 97. Protest strike$ v6 D, I0 M: ?. M2 z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% S' p: s. k" \" W
& n: a& K" V4 `2 h: b9 L/ U, uAgricultural Strikes
! z+ n4 g& u# I4 L 99. Peasant strike2 V" \7 [: e2 V
100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 N3 I) t2 Y$ x
, E/ l/ R+ L+ g3 o* B5 KStrikes by Special Groups& J2 ^! y8 j' `
101. Refusal of impressed labor
& H" E6 }* h6 h5 }: k 102. Prisoners’ strike. r- _8 p7 c! z" z8 @
103. Craft strike. h% K6 r" g9 h0 k
104. Professional strike3 F1 ~; n- I4 w, A/ _8 B
q% @) ]) @. m5 \5 F
Ordinary Industrial Strikes/ g. R4 _/ U3 j: l- E0 K
105. Establishment strike5 V6 m9 [6 s% Q! k0 D9 ?" H& a7 Y
106. Industry strike3 b5 w; E) b7 b& d: M9 t0 _
107. Sympathetic strike
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6 Q2 l2 M2 [8 ]) h1 R! CRestricted Strikes7 N& i, [ j6 g. u% Z9 M) C
108. Detailed strike
% u. |' c t- L$ H7 ^8 J/ k 109. Bumper strike7 S5 j) t$ [6 V* m) R5 K( ]& L
110. Slowdown strike
' Z6 W7 ]9 a' j6 Q6 k 111. Working-to-rule strike$ [/ t2 Y9 v, a4 n0 A# q1 y4 O
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 i0 d3 g2 S2 u/ b8 {; I 113. Strike by resignation
# k3 D, I {; g2 U+ x- | 114. Limited strike
' ^( x) I, v L3 m' B; c9 |5 Q 115. Selective strike1 l, m6 H1 Q6 X" s- f) ]
7 J. X) j% ~) ?Multi-Industry Strikes
; [* A& V0 j# E A; _) x
+ d' l1 O/ v) [. n5 M8 _9 ` 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike0 K2 F# x9 d; T, a! J0 \
& X( }; H( f+ y) A* DCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures: ^- h9 o7 {1 l1 k! t4 {6 D
; P$ b, @) [+ I3 y7 ` 118. Hartal7 b( `( F, U, e: }! |- K
% _5 Q# Y( P* j' V& a2 R 119. Economic shutdown8 G$ A' }2 x6 G9 J3 h
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION |% @6 N y, k" \5 Y
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; t, \2 A" W6 e1 }8 c7 ERejection of Authority
6 }" l% k! j8 R- l7 ]) M( t5 |. h0 f7 U1 b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
2 J7 b& C/ K6 T 121. Refusal of public support7 I% [ }" }3 w, f" N
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 b1 ]# y1 L0 }7 r7 z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies: J7 M! l7 z5 m* c2 x/ W
124. Boycott of elections" y* L/ ^9 L, b# `
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# J, J4 X$ T4 Y" V& w/ Z4 F% L# X 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies- f, e `7 a) _8 m/ d
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 ~7 n$ U( ~! d- r$ S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; v- [/ g4 J( f2 C6 }/ C4 Y 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' K% [. Y( B6 I& @+ Z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 y4 |* C3 ?# R 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& C( J9 r. n5 @# } e6 p 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: c) a) u% A. p. q( ]
' p. w+ z6 ^- Q& |9 ?
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 s( R( [& n6 P9 G2 y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance# H' g0 A$ t/ v+ h7 w$ o
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision C4 u8 s+ R2 @: p, W5 `
135. Popular nonobedience
. x( i3 W3 Q4 G" A 136. Disguised disobedience
7 s9 e! ?2 }3 v) C 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 g, U3 c5 H1 M7 Q6 Q1 o/ a* j9 d" I
138. Sitdown
$ T" O/ o- z% c# q8 F( p 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) H' y1 m3 N* K [! }8 }# { 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 j* F; X8 w) p- Y/ y9 i
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; s0 m! S( a4 A2 n. W. b& b
; a. ~* ^( ]+ L7 d8 h5 ?
Action by Government Personnel
1 I& A1 ? h# @. I) A3 _ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ f# E/ ^9 _$ Q# O' Y6 ^0 { 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% c3 `2 y' Y7 E! |! Q% n1 I
144. Stalling and obstruction
5 P. N1 s) g. ?3 Z5 ~) C 145. General administrative noncooperation
, ]1 g' s8 X/ V8 Q6 }4 F5 [3 V0 u
146. Judicial noncooperation
' M' s5 _9 \1 q# c8 W$ y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 D: R9 e Q+ D6 T- l6 T, \
148. Mutiny* w1 J/ O3 W/ l: p8 _$ `
Domestic Governmental Action. B2 S6 a4 y1 o! ^" d, s
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
+ y) R7 l7 }; D0 u8 h9 @ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 ^" y& R9 D: A4 M% w, p9 v
: r/ Y3 i% S! ]7 ]/ \International Governmental Action
3 a: g6 [. L5 |0 | 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; U$ _# z# F l* n4 z* A' `# ? 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 Z8 _2 E& @& [! u: Q0 P 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition- P) Z* j6 l. x3 f- l L
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
( e+ G* E+ g% A' ?. P) k 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 p6 P7 \2 z" } h% @. P 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
& M, x; F9 Q1 R* {, u7 n7 n 157. Expulsion from international organizations# t0 a4 X' K0 |5 d
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* o0 u# H- ~, t6 _
7 {( x2 p- @9 I% \$ }9 m* U- b
) l' [/ F* T* l/ c+ g! qPsychological Intervention
/ n0 o. _5 H! O; \ 158. Self-exposure to the elements; v, I- j( h+ }5 U
159. The fast
, k4 T+ Q6 u4 W3 B! y a) Fast of moral pressure/ [0 N3 ^1 z. H" `
b) Hunger strike
4 ?! I' O' F/ F% L4 k) q c) Satyagrahic fast# c0 ]3 C2 R/ L2 U. d( o
160. Reverse trial' s4 g& _( J" y' R/ w
161. Nonviolent harassment' V+ R0 o# [! Z2 g
% W$ Q3 Y# z' w& R' b& S
Physical Intervention& |+ N% F% L9 ? m) A7 w
162. Sit-in
, h5 Q2 g3 F, E0 `6 w6 y 163. Stand-in
) Z9 p5 N) H2 J, A3 ^) I 164. Ride-in/ s. k |0 i0 e; x+ m# `
165. Wade-in
* w, L6 b, C: ] 166. Mill-in
0 r7 E; A$ ^) ]; N6 x' r$ ` 167. Pray-in& x6 O" }% A `- X, m& p) ~0 E
168. Nonviolent raids) [3 Y. Q a: e' L/ u) c" j( L0 ?) b0 V- e
169. Nonviolent air raids8 Q! g" \* {. @, y5 R6 k3 l
170. Nonviolent invasion# f, i( X' _0 T! b, n& U
171. Nonviolent interjection: J5 c% M$ Y: y: h" e, [
172. Nonviolent obstruction. ^# D1 _, r* g' D, W( Z
173. Nonviolent occupation# L3 O" a( K3 r, Y9 E* i
+ c' ~( F3 q0 ~! r* JSocial Intervention. `/ ?+ f, X4 Y
174. Establishing new social patterns: R# g) m$ Y+ M/ W) O
175. Overloading of facilities1 S }9 r4 \5 t
176. Stall-in2 `3 S7 h1 v3 ]) D
177. Speak-in# S+ g* D# }* }, d0 t" }8 X
178. Guerrilla theater
$ U0 y$ d1 O+ Q# p 179. Alternative social institutions* ~- g+ \5 D$ k/ m( H7 y9 a
180. Alternative communication system
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6 f0 N+ u o6 \( X5 `2 CEconomic Intervention
4 e8 `5 m# J. X 181. Reverse strike* @7 x J% n1 B0 ~+ D7 l% `
182. Stay-in strike' M9 w; S5 Z3 d% H5 O
183. Nonviolent land seizure- o7 [ T E' }; i
184. Defiance of blockades2 x) `# A! V; V: @2 w" f
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 S# [5 e+ u2 d$ J! W6 O( [) g& q 186. Preclusive purchasing& ~: p" \+ T3 a H3 ]
187. Seizure of assets# D E, n( u9 N
188. Dumping& M3 q' a; |! c `! d' {
189. Selective patronage
9 j$ i5 J. }4 o4 U: y2 W8 }3 J) N* A 190. Alternative markets* q) A9 K9 k0 t1 ~) w
191. Alternative transportation systems
) x9 w! l3 M2 s' N' w$ |$ J 192. Alternative economic institutions8 A7 u2 _4 ]& J- [
2 Y2 w, L: p- s: Z; ^; N
Political Intervention
: _* |) O: V! E& |! y( e 193. Overloading of administrative systems. Q( t0 i0 _* G6 u- G
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! ?& {1 y$ R! L, O C! m
195. Seeking imprisonment
, H/ z( [) Y2 w- Y/ \. _ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 {$ r4 R) Z2 @( `5 I/ A3 H6 t 197. Work-on without collaboration( @( C0 T1 Z7 m5 W! k# R
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
