 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& c' U& T( _ O6 F* nFormal Statements& C/ I6 J; c7 U" W' \
1. Public Speeches
5 Q. G# [9 J- e) a 2. Letters of opposition or support( }7 @ d6 K5 R5 A: Y& h+ n7 j
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
) c. ~ M) n h( u# y S x, X. J 4. Signed public statements+ s: O0 Z6 i# p3 w3 L
5. Declarations of indictment and intention. A0 R8 h7 S3 T7 s
6. Group or mass petitions/ z% P5 _* W6 |" J9 o/ c
+ s/ G# E( O6 d4 _+ H, @Communications with a Wider Audience
: w1 A! u6 ^% Q" B" b 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" l9 L q+ j; G8 r 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' ? y5 Z% v! y& o" W
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" J4 N. @4 j4 @0 [2 ?
10. Newspapers and journals
! n1 f9 n8 [$ ~8 } 11. Records, radio, and television! r# c- c2 ?1 [/ S5 ]& f4 t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 u8 {" ^: o( v9 w" J! R# U: ?) ~
Group Representations1 j1 V, B+ z* t! k4 g
13. Deputations
+ Q3 U' \9 O( ~9 }* J; S 14. Mock awards# V$ `. G" N& b1 z
15. Group lobbying
' ^" I7 W' U5 ?, E 16. Picketing. V5 E! T+ g, M i) j" Y/ J
17. Mock elections3 ~2 S# C/ O- H9 R
6 u) n2 L5 ~5 |1 aSymbolic Public Acts
* }) s) g: f% |% Q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 x& I/ P5 n& j+ N
19. Wearing of symbols5 B" J4 e! s4 v' u B9 t' u
20. Prayer and worship
1 Z5 A* l7 \' f 21. Delivering symbolic objects
: Q9 P4 N3 H' n+ O, h9 y4 e5 Z 22. Protest disrobings
: ^+ K+ N! X, P; P( s, [ 23. Destruction of own property. y8 Q" i0 v* a0 A
24. Symbolic lights7 f) H- y6 V6 p2 P) z" W9 @" h
25. Displays of portraits6 h. U- I7 E% j1 I
26. Paint as protest
* W- O: a$ v/ X `3 |- O. r1 ?. W& { 27. New signs and names
4 C5 U& l1 J3 ?$ } 28. Symbolic sounds9 l7 [9 `% d* A/ `; U! ]
29. Symbolic reclamations$ }. F. ^; T, P. U
30. Rude gestures8 [2 j7 V; i$ N4 Q
( z4 F5 K) g3 o. d, S
Pressures on Individuals; Y. [6 r# w# m# [: G
31. “Haunting” officials2 M- w( {9 ]* r
32. Taunting officials4 a8 t8 f* U" k: g9 m- V* Y
33. Fraternization
' S6 f2 X9 H# ?) B Q 34. Vigils
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+ o4 n: G/ J4 Y' E9 bDrama and Music
/ }+ @4 G6 \& y: ^# h( ^ 35. Humorous skits and pranks6 @# y& [1 y2 K4 T8 _/ f4 |
36. Performances of plays and music
& n1 G9 t; ? z* w, z 37. Singing `7 i* D! v% ^1 a5 w; a1 p
7 {4 X' Z( u7 y1 @' FProcessions( F" f9 t# `+ y/ _# Y" b6 [
38. Marches% X+ n9 M0 A2 `* `) a" N5 E8 ^
39. Parades/ @% c' P7 S" G) x
40. Religious processions8 G2 `3 k& p9 T- P/ p
41. Pilgrimages
. {: v- q- L) m0 H E: X7 d* h, } 42. Motorcades8 m. G9 L3 E1 `1 B$ z% ~
F% s4 C. g% Q3 e
Honoring the Dead
4 m2 n1 E8 x5 w4 e, s 43. Political mourning; m; r6 X( |. w2 t( Z
44. Mock funerals
5 `1 M" H* V0 J b2 \/ g+ a1 ^3 ` 45. Demonstrative funerals
! z' y; K7 Y3 V0 f2 I 46. Homage at burial places: }% t' Q1 [9 U, |
4 o" F1 L% @& S% @3 m; m- g: YPublic Assemblies# X' n, v/ f1 A7 U$ z! R
47. Assemblies of protest or support- w8 b, x" Q3 _; T& S2 }! i
48. Protest meetings- G- ^$ ^. ?, ^: |6 o* }
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) a: w0 ?0 \) l$ R! C- x' K3 A2 x; B 50. Teach-ins+ S( w! ^4 S* n0 ~! ?
- e0 ~& _( E. n, T% I0 c1 N/ F
Withdrawal and Renunciation3 X' o. T2 u) q0 ? ~
51. Walk-outs
- \ ?( I, d7 c7 J0 m 52. Silence3 O( F+ N6 @: B' Z( @
53. Renouncing honors9 I5 U- j5 x0 _; U1 y
54. Turning one’s back
' J3 }- i w M+ Z5 B% n- g
# z0 ~) c3 N& P! j / ^/ |+ c8 E1 z9 B! Y# ^2 M
' H/ B: G" U, u: v1 x/ v
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) d7 }" i) d1 o, s/ n
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( U8 ]/ y- L* f" ]6 g
5 j6 R9 m9 W$ l2 f' aOstracism of Persons
+ B2 h' u& u& c1 P: E 55. Social boycott* v: S4 R z+ m7 H L6 i/ g8 ?/ }
56. Selective social boycott
8 H1 W! D/ x( l3 p6 Z 57. Lysistratic nonaction3 @+ f* `3 D$ ~5 z% `8 r
58. Excommunication
' I/ g, r2 O- D6 x 59. Interdict
' f: `8 t6 F, q8 h0 A! H3 T; q$ N
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, q v# @6 L) S3 f 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
: X* c" j: c" `* N5 N5 f 61. Boycott of social affairs
! f% \- D/ l2 ~. E3 _ 62. Student strike
" V) T; j& j! x0 z5 @$ Y 63. Social disobedience
: e: k: n2 }8 {! H a 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System" X' w8 V$ A4 Y: q- v) R2 c
65. Stay-at-home
8 z$ y. ]- _0 {* n( q' ^, l( Z 66. Total personal noncooperation: V$ v+ W9 p) J, w0 J
67. “Flight” of workers4 G; z j6 }& a! J
68. Sanctuary" h1 b' x. L r' {( l) V
69. Collective disappearance
* p2 I$ B* e8 S# p' s 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 S C" Q4 P* j, ~( o v
) j2 {- O+ Q7 I8 ~) B
8 K% u5 [: b; H! W4 d% C+ `# [4 o* U2 f$ _3 z9 V7 S, g9 p3 l" A
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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5 j2 k; X) a9 S8 e J: i' D
Actions by Consumers& N/ K1 A- C) k) `4 l# v" {
71. Consumers’ boycott
# Q a% i8 b0 _9 h2 p2 ?5 { 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 q0 t" P* Y6 m" S; b 73. Policy of austerity: {7 E: E1 X8 _5 [) u
74. Rent withholding( n; ^' b( F$ f' k* s' F
75. Refusal to rent* G2 _" k/ n$ w: c9 K
76. National consumers’ boycott- G- Y9 m) v. @/ T. a, V
77. International consumers’ boycott
' |( B. h- d% G! P% h
( R2 k3 ]# R0 ?- ^7 CAction by Workers and Producers3 ^( O2 N& h, l& O/ a
78. Workmen’s boycott2 }3 f1 X; m r
79. Producers’ boycott
& G, \8 `# \( f# O1 g0 ?: v @0 u$ Y! \6 ^& _' }# F
Action by Middlemen
! i, W6 c" y- E- x+ `/ y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. H9 t- F5 j: [" y5 ?6 B: R" ]4 Y3 ~8 t3 j9 u. E* P% [9 G
Action by Owners and Management1 x$ {1 \7 U6 D! e B8 |
81. Traders’ boycott
0 ^3 Y) `# B$ N4 D6 M: G$ r* ` 82. Refusal to let or sell property
8 w R/ p+ S' w2 K, f% m5 A7 l- C. N 83. Lockout6 z/ z' ? l. F' C5 s- n( T; j
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 A5 y* X& e& M 85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 Z3 T4 [5 k2 O, u! J2 U
& `, [& e, @8 j. i t: X+ m
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
+ J3 X% P& Q: I. D 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 X' Q( a. Q4 d1 l! X1 E5 @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# j( O% s6 J4 t
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest `* T. S) F7 n2 G0 ?( G) k
89. Severance of funds and credit
: o* m* v# W( ]; ? 90. Revenue refusal
7 i( ?2 N+ q5 S7 f" g8 p1 B0 F: ~ 91. Refusal of a government’s money4 B. I1 Y# V: }( K- K1 F- w- }
3 {; [0 _3 y# ?1 |) x6 _
Action by Governments
5 `% i9 }' {5 a0 F$ }) ?/ r0 Z7 z 92. Domestic embargo
( P& O: ~2 d; H 93. Blacklisting of traders
8 _8 Q0 D" L. Y3 i5 Y9 H1 q0 V j 94. International sellers’ embargo: v8 l1 N2 I, u6 F) v& m5 e
95. International buyers’ embargo
$ L* W- m3 d3 z8 h, N4 Q 96. International trade embargo. h3 M! Z8 n8 F4 V. M! a/ M
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* n. p# J1 L7 q0 w3 jTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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: g. H+ w; g+ N0 }# C ?Symbolic Strikes. `- q6 ?$ D* S2 ?$ H/ H# L' ^: [
97. Protest strike
6 |9 G+ s3 [, S' {3 J' ^ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) {, s* w7 J( x4 @1 D; B5 d
( q% M/ q# @0 L9 M# iAgricultural Strikes
?0 V& s* H. ^. k) o 99. Peasant strike
6 r4 i L( [4 k, `6 B. i6 B: L7 ~ 100. Farm Workers’ strike9 z% G. ~# a) |7 j, E* K9 s+ M
7 p3 ^4 I4 y& ?5 F
Strikes by Special Groups
+ ]9 R/ ?7 r) z 101. Refusal of impressed labor' a, @! f% z/ V: D5 h9 b% i
102. Prisoners’ strike7 i7 u, h% C1 q. n
103. Craft strike
' k. y2 A+ m7 `8 H/ o Y" Q6 v 104. Professional strike
7 x+ s' M3 M) g3 _/ U
: | n* s. o3 ^5 S/ M; ZOrdinary Industrial Strikes
) P1 Z) } o& |8 C' Q4 E$ G 105. Establishment strike
8 Y2 J/ Y. L9 ^3 j8 O 106. Industry strike8 k$ I# u5 z/ V9 k: O& B. y. t
107. Sympathetic strike3 ~8 N8 l. V! Z7 E. h. p. a) V; |
' o; k& G% s$ w' s4 J _, ]
Restricted Strikes
4 S7 N8 |; j* U0 {# A& B1 e 108. Detailed strike. W" v3 l5 {! q- A
109. Bumper strike% L+ B4 \! H) E+ L
110. Slowdown strike
) m9 y( e( ]* | 111. Working-to-rule strike
- i, n+ c; _4 |& [ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 u" g- ^% q. X {, F
113. Strike by resignation
9 j8 |0 Z+ D% x+ C! q8 ~ 114. Limited strike
4 l, s2 X; P, k9 p 115. Selective strike
& ?. e1 R ]) j: F8 T- O, \1 J N y& ~
Multi-Industry Strikes
$ x7 m w& P+ H& d* `; N( t1 @4 i* }7 n% j9 d, z
116. Generalized strike
8 p6 h9 {5 @' y7 b
) X- `1 q' q. B; c1 l0 B 117. General strike5 h+ g u! {# n X! Y- R# O* i) X
( c x) u2 y+ v& |8 MCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 ]7 l6 T; q- Y6 |4 Q+ c3 n
4 h3 I8 ~+ U4 k% w Q6 x8 p 118. Hartal
4 J1 P& f4 x% U0 w; X+ j9 k
' V# s0 P- V+ p6 [% @ ~ 119. Economic shutdown
5 j$ d& Y6 K1 {& R: v' B# D) @2 v+ x$ M$ N
a+ u' o0 n$ ~6 M* [1 K/ S% A5 g0 i3 I# R8 x5 k0 x) K
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority- e! v, _ _0 S' l9 z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 D; S; g' n- @; A
121. Refusal of public support9 M' b. L( _& B0 e4 {
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
8 \9 P2 T) V% y X3 S4 }7 c
, U: b+ m9 g! a- @" V! j. XCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 p/ Y: ?* ?( o) ], S: o
123. Boycott of legislative bodies v6 f$ w2 \- M/ c) y% R! z
124. Boycott of elections
/ i: W3 `& P( E7 ^8 M- @1 z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. q6 e; B* e: f; `9 c2 } 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) T$ q4 h& k" M) E/ v2 D5 V+ } 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, v- e0 t; T% U) t" N( o& N
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ J* N3 N& x8 D" Z( t F1 I4 H. M 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: z7 ?# j2 L+ ~( ?7 T 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! v2 _; P) @: p( ^( g8 U) U( E7 S 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 S6 f4 O J1 T5 D7 K" e" _& z 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 I9 }# q8 j4 C* P
- K& }7 {& h/ s9 m" ?
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience% S/ `. Z# h7 o
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ Y W/ |- w, L, R* g 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( G+ F. Q% R) r' d6 O1 q
135. Popular nonobedience7 M; z/ Q4 y) ^0 M" x6 L4 v
136. Disguised disobedience# i* U- A* x% n/ V+ T( X* o
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 y" N& i. t& f* d4 n) m4 g 138. Sitdown R) f! k5 V6 O2 V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
B, a/ g9 c0 m6 i) Z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 d: A$ N. o; o* h; c& Q$ _
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) `" n; ]& i; H# N: m# I
: C2 l! Q; c, I6 s. R4 b/ aAction by Government Personnel
% w: L6 t g0 L6 p: U9 R 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 K2 s) _/ o6 }+ ?; N( @1 y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% z: g: G9 K8 Z4 W4 f6 Z! K 144. Stalling and obstruction' |, |" p2 ` E; v( V# P
145. General administrative noncooperation/ T' D& z, `' Y
5 n- G- }6 a7 `' s* h% F- t 146. Judicial noncooperation
& }: q/ u3 J" _% E+ k 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. n5 V. S* f5 f) b" t 148. Mutiny, K) B! Q3 U$ r- _
Domestic Governmental Action
& ?0 W1 z! X) w1 k3 `2 R 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- \% I, A% N0 C- S! r j
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 Q" ^% ?6 s2 l7 k& _- R2 k$ g
$ m' E# R( _! V0 w+ _9 |
International Governmental Action0 u3 S7 A2 P# n) E9 H6 k+ ~
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! p, P' g# y' w1 F) @
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ s% j2 ?: v. N# u 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 y& `" x0 C; S3 J 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 w- V# [- [' e: ]. q
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( ~5 a$ Z- z7 J" D, d 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
$ @: n( I; c) w+ Q f6 ^$ M 157. Expulsion from international organizations2 }( Z; B: S+ f1 O( {% @& K
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4 u# f' E# D& kTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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4 O+ g7 z5 ^: y+ f7 Y' Z
Psychological Intervention4 {5 P- |1 E% r5 c( Z
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- A; q* U. o% d: b9 M6 F! O 159. The fast0 s# M) Z2 [" j4 ?2 c) X0 b( p% ^9 q: g
a) Fast of moral pressure
& U$ F& r- R& ?: A7 b4 R/ d b) Hunger strike
! e$ |1 p0 a: T8 t/ D c) Satyagrahic fast" }2 |5 ^- j/ R2 U; w
160. Reverse trial
0 A1 f5 P* q# i' L# A 161. Nonviolent harassment
3 f6 T- H0 j% N& L: {4 f% d0 M. E& n. z& ?5 p6 r, R6 w& y. g
Physical Intervention9 ^8 @4 @& f3 ?( z
162. Sit-in
/ E9 [9 O/ ?# U! L2 f 163. Stand-in5 |0 R1 L! g) ]
164. Ride-in
/ f$ K4 {# y" c( {; k' K4 l( x 165. Wade-in, p e3 |9 l( t, X$ a1 T
166. Mill-in+ @: |& s+ Y$ o" v
167. Pray-in3 @* i: D ]( @/ K' V
168. Nonviolent raids9 ?0 D8 G5 g# ]) p& @
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 a* M/ F% V# E; Z 170. Nonviolent invasion
# ?8 H8 Y5 |" l! T- o 171. Nonviolent interjection, @* i( w$ o, c+ p7 Y
172. Nonviolent obstruction& W0 f1 x/ T$ L( ?0 ]; k' _% e
173. Nonviolent occupation' a" u1 P8 P6 e/ r' i
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Social Intervention k4 |: f* r, e5 H% P4 D
174. Establishing new social patterns7 e4 @% D3 \/ Z& Q$ `9 \* P
175. Overloading of facilities
( g3 Q' F" o+ o. M8 ~" X 176. Stall-in
( u9 h* j4 \5 G, \( u 177. Speak-in
1 S$ V3 s! T4 e; {6 x 178. Guerrilla theater$ x. b( T% r2 B: b/ }3 g
179. Alternative social institutions. g5 a8 T# f% i' H( P& ~
180. Alternative communication system
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/ d1 W) o3 C; T4 @, h; C$ XEconomic Intervention5 q( x, x4 p2 u5 D! M0 Y
181. Reverse strike
# F2 Q) D. U5 J7 v) _3 x4 D4 H7 W! X 182. Stay-in strike
, f# l9 q/ X2 {1 e# e3 @ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
. v/ Q8 _, G' R7 T: s' b1 } 184. Defiance of blockades2 ?$ Z9 Q9 O* ^! {# d' n
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ R5 k: n& W6 c% T. C+ ]
186. Preclusive purchasing
8 h+ y# D C/ k6 }9 z' R. u 187. Seizure of assets
/ z5 X, Q3 w7 ~' L3 {9 m9 Q 188. Dumping, a% F) ^ m: h8 }4 _( [9 M: N9 w
189. Selective patronage
( W$ b# n/ D3 J, s, F2 t" ]- \ 190. Alternative markets
! q6 N4 L/ @& I" C" W 191. Alternative transportation systems# M+ x7 ~, Q4 T( ]
192. Alternative economic institutions& F8 d$ i5 q! |$ c( W! W
; ~/ v$ N: O [2 j9 nPolitical Intervention
5 s7 |/ T. M8 `; A 193. Overloading of administrative systems
* `6 U2 L, w% U, C U/ u& ] 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ C5 X8 Z2 ~9 L' @, R) q8 a
195. Seeking imprisonment7 B/ p# P2 e) @; V% N. O
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% g' |1 K& H/ \" B; D' _; O. q
197. Work-on without collaboration
$ u$ q u+ i$ C1 \) P 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
