 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 H- d( }/ i& r0 v' ~Formal Statements
2 s0 q" E2 T0 t 1. Public Speeches
2 P9 n/ x# ^9 B& O 2. Letters of opposition or support1 z4 _! D4 \" E
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 H; ^0 L' i! B& J" t2 S* B' k, V4 R f) D 4. Signed public statements- U& l$ ?% H: |7 {+ b
5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 C: J1 _2 R: F
6. Group or mass petitions
6 G( X) r8 B( M9 v( n* _* ]4 q' ?- Y$ d
Communications with a Wider Audience. |! d% n* F: ]' ]! k. F7 y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; y1 `4 q6 m3 ~( ~% b) x- g( z+ O, E
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. w) Z% t9 y' ?' [5 C( Q6 U 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
5 p2 [6 {9 Q1 N H4 L1 o, s3 L 10. Newspapers and journals* D. G, Q9 {' B5 X$ J
11. Records, radio, and television
7 }, A! k% @- I' E 12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 y/ y1 R) a; L' L) b
9 }0 N5 e. {' U
Group Representations0 a3 i1 {+ a- _3 @* `& y& m
13. Deputations( G, \5 r( x, U O
14. Mock awards
: `( R _1 a$ p5 U3 ?0 t 15. Group lobbying4 y; V) L8 x+ a* l, K
16. Picketing
0 ?+ @) N$ j) o 17. Mock elections- u; i0 N" L+ U6 @8 f
! c' s8 `4 Q) e$ v/ g, USymbolic Public Acts
4 h/ s+ r( E. c; I" C7 D0 ? 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors3 \6 y, r) ^' l2 |( Q. {0 k, n
19. Wearing of symbols! N2 H5 d7 c2 ^. J: i/ v
20. Prayer and worship
' r9 | J1 R* r6 ^4 h 21. Delivering symbolic objects
) n$ Y: e+ t0 f) u! w" V 22. Protest disrobings+ J6 P! ~# r& U, @1 Q2 r* T: z
23. Destruction of own property4 F9 g! D/ g3 l0 ?
24. Symbolic lights$ c0 j$ l9 g$ G3 T! F
25. Displays of portraits; C& J9 }6 R' D. T4 ?5 b" R0 G
26. Paint as protest
9 o B6 m, \' y& F) ?0 A2 N& Z 27. New signs and names
]% _* j; S n6 j 28. Symbolic sounds/ i* E% @# y" K# Z, p
29. Symbolic reclamations
/ Q0 v( H9 y* d+ q4 J+ _6 y! j3 n$ @ 30. Rude gestures. ]1 l; M8 ]; R5 I
9 u8 z# ~( J" a. U5 C. n& r1 I8 PPressures on Individuals' o" j. D" M6 E
31. “Haunting” officials
; e, |6 Q5 Y7 c& p, P. C& s 32. Taunting officials
0 n4 Z/ |3 F8 j# {8 x; u4 M 33. Fraternization
7 o2 c3 w# K1 p8 W5 y! k$ A* F3 X 34. Vigils# |# e& h: D+ h( _) }6 q3 R9 s1 r8 C
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Drama and Music
# m0 g2 H0 g# L1 G$ n6 n 35. Humorous skits and pranks
* G( _1 d0 X2 |: _ 36. Performances of plays and music
% h6 ]& z, T; Z$ c3 `3 ~% J 37. Singing. k7 [ G: Z1 ~+ N" L
! i1 M0 T, T9 a: j
Processions
+ X4 M4 `8 ^7 I& N, _, [ 38. Marches
* x# e( K" q6 F: v. r+ | 39. Parades
" \8 T! ^0 i$ J; W& E O' H/ l$ A- V 40. Religious processions, B# p- j) @ \% {! y
41. Pilgrimages# j* p5 `# x, j6 y5 O
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead0 l- x6 y5 e* s0 y% @) f
43. Political mourning0 W8 g& A' ?# J( w6 S9 L& E
44. Mock funerals# K; q! D' R* ]1 s/ o& O
45. Demonstrative funerals- u' N+ U5 ]. V) [) D D( g3 b$ P
46. Homage at burial places8 o1 A, w" q( Z! f8 L
* T2 \$ U' Z: @7 j; ] ?+ T
Public Assemblies n3 {# J" x6 z9 n1 F& d
47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 x F/ {- e6 R3 @; i" S& Z1 P 48. Protest meetings
) r6 F/ n7 {4 H 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 h( J: D8 Z/ F- U+ u 50. Teach-ins* r! W4 U$ O/ z$ Q" D7 l2 m' a# r
; C0 g& m# V# r$ V& v
Withdrawal and Renunciation
' e5 u/ ]3 O& H: _0 L 51. Walk-outs$ _5 I4 U f+ a( }, {- \3 f
52. Silence# Q: L- w- W) K9 c
53. Renouncing honors
6 T1 `: E2 S+ K5 U: S: e. W 54. Turning one’s back
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0 {/ H6 T9 j! ^% N ' ]7 H9 z, c5 v* S m: u
/ F% }+ g# W- m* S F
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( A# Z! c0 a7 `7 C4 o
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: Q+ a2 p- i9 y6 u9 `- m, F; bOstracism of Persons5 v4 {) |! T. n6 B
55. Social boycott) ?- \0 h L1 G3 t
56. Selective social boycott
8 d6 Z9 s, Z1 Z9 y! s5 t: B4 j% h0 { 57. Lysistratic nonaction' @0 f; O" m: ] Z/ e K
58. Excommunication2 J0 g: M9 D+ i4 @9 l5 K3 o
59. Interdict! L$ T" h* M6 U/ X! r: X
( F2 p$ F3 ^: Z( V: DNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# Q, Q7 R3 M: {6 B4 n" N4 e 60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ Z9 E# F V3 v% p
61. Boycott of social affairs7 p: P" Y6 ]" X7 f. _
62. Student strike
$ \8 w1 P- O w3 K; R6 [- | 63. Social disobedience
" [5 y$ O' c1 l \ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 ^# S: _5 Z/ p
6 E- I9 b' a6 ?
Withdrawal from the Social System
6 t9 ~- M- u$ C& w8 S e+ \ 65. Stay-at-home. d4 y7 y% G; B8 {7 f/ @+ r4 U
66. Total personal noncooperation
* Z. h* r0 {, ]2 ~4 U 67. “Flight” of workers) S6 Y6 M3 V) ~: p3 }
68. Sanctuary* _. @* ^5 ]6 }: F; E) [+ C
69. Collective disappearance
x! f" d. m+ c3 H+ M9 S 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
" X" |" B: n+ ?/ K$ y/ H& s/ g6 l4 c. ?7 |3 h2 k0 A
8 i3 J; k' u4 Z- Z: L2 m. R) O1 L. ]7 i4 G, f. X
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers3 w# t t0 E' G
71. Consumers’ boycott4 R. j H+ R! p
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
x4 h$ ?, ? S( z$ n 73. Policy of austerity
- I& \% c Q4 R0 i, ] 74. Rent withholding& H! H. x9 S8 |( E3 x+ f+ X
75. Refusal to rent
6 _7 b* _+ e5 |4 b 76. National consumers’ boycott0 N* I: {$ s$ H3 U" s* C D
77. International consumers’ boycott
" V" Z. w4 N1 F6 S! ~
3 Z6 v. R) w6 eAction by Workers and Producers# j$ L. G7 `+ o1 f! {$ E
78. Workmen’s boycott3 p& j) R7 G, i1 l7 L8 H& H, |
79. Producers’ boycott
- Q' W. \; S) U1 n O6 l; r0 A0 Q; q2 |7 t" o( W7 j2 T0 o4 _
Action by Middlemen; A( |! o. ^. Q: R; q* M1 j' C/ L
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( o; [9 q. e/ H/ `: H6 c( s
+ m& P. Y7 u! T7 X/ DAction by Owners and Management
/ G! ?. S( E3 S2 @ 81. Traders’ boycott
. l D4 R6 {# |2 [0 J9 t' O( o 82. Refusal to let or sell property. L$ n+ V- d8 t
83. Lockout$ B L# T# z7 Y) _7 G& |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 ]4 N% s% E5 r: B1 |2 |1 ~
85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 X3 a+ i6 G1 p3 X; e. x
1 H; x8 c. j1 Z) S% K5 F% vAction by Holders of Financial Resources8 |5 u) M5 M( O* n& ^/ c
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. h& r5 s7 {5 p: J# ` 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 H* H; W" R9 l% F
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! C" `. m, A' d! S, v, i! I1 q 89. Severance of funds and credit
- n& B. T$ f$ X' Y# N 90. Revenue refusal, L) K( l3 P' ?5 y+ F- V
91. Refusal of a government’s money1 Z/ ?. R& ]0 j- m; S
) Z" x: }" T- ~& J, L# i J4 I
Action by Governments
% X! D5 r7 l9 K1 G4 M3 X) |( m 92. Domestic embargo; x. c* [) K! _% Z) ~7 j e( H
93. Blacklisting of traders, u0 ~# F0 d( O1 G6 Q
94. International sellers’ embargo1 c# {& b% g; ^$ O2 {, T& A( r
95. International buyers’ embargo6 k' x7 K8 Z8 O% @
96. International trade embargo1 j9 ^: o6 b8 A' Q6 Y
2 M; |0 @4 B S
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" D1 J$ t1 R2 C, ^( RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
R1 \* t1 k6 o) F
& @3 T( c4 O4 F! S8 c. I+ ~8 S 6 {" I8 B" Q3 G- s2 j/ X
Symbolic Strikes1 d; X6 X( S, \; r9 l6 R; A$ @
97. Protest strike- v$ R) O4 j5 S) {7 ^; `5 H+ e
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- p: l, B8 I& F9 Q
: [1 M$ x; e% e& x5 IAgricultural Strikes! s' n! Q# H$ [; Z! r! o
99. Peasant strike
7 S( x$ u6 e) _; `# Y- V( v+ h! h 100. Farm Workers’ strike: m4 k/ p& L" k% G2 b
( z( y8 ^. b- [9 F) i
Strikes by Special Groups$ ]0 e7 `5 _9 Y7 s9 v& E0 K4 L4 @+ V2 L( x" Z
101. Refusal of impressed labor
" B. \% m& n% f: g 102. Prisoners’ strike! @2 H. X' S8 O3 v! ?& L' f
103. Craft strike
2 @0 }2 z! ~& Y1 k' M 104. Professional strike8 G& C8 b' n0 ]) k/ `! `- G r1 p
8 w) }+ p' s4 V5 DOrdinary Industrial Strikes3 y0 ]. ?1 S" d& j: r
105. Establishment strike
; t6 A; ~* h6 y# a" f 106. Industry strike
$ S: j- b( W7 s 107. Sympathetic strike
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$ U' x5 k$ D1 _- {7 vRestricted Strikes
$ \1 z0 N! O0 _* Q) `% \ 108. Detailed strike
* w/ T0 c% J4 p- x$ s 109. Bumper strike
* Y& Q8 x8 G( x 110. Slowdown strike. n8 z3 R) Z& c3 m, b3 F2 {
111. Working-to-rule strike$ M0 X) J: }$ \- V3 ]# I. N. |
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 k/ J M% n6 {3 Y$ P. N- Q( F+ t 113. Strike by resignation
8 z3 Y9 G+ n5 r/ I- ? 114. Limited strike5 M9 a9 i) P4 q, l* c5 N" y& [9 M* c
115. Selective strike
. P# Y1 F; L4 g$ Z; U G1 a; G7 D) |* c% T- e7 \ A% M
Multi-Industry Strikes
$ a9 ^% x5 L* o7 v9 A; i- _7 u$ o) A* a( n
116. Generalized strike
6 }7 W( N# m; ?0 q8 [% r/ f: \2 @, P+ v4 K
117. General strike: o2 u* t2 v3 W q5 Z
- P( G6 } E# P% @& ]0 b! ]5 qCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
. B. k E2 A; r! ]8 ]& D0 e: Z# d7 C# _9 H+ T0 Q9 H9 ?0 p- O) t- Y
119. Economic shutdown
5 k x; p& Q* f2 m+ C# s! x/ x6 G+ B5 f! o, G
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1 I* D8 i! b0 o3 |! Y! j
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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" d. a% l" e- K% {/ T0 [' yRejection of Authority
3 F# G1 ~# R9 K 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" q7 k* Q+ Y3 O# h 121. Refusal of public support
8 |- \% J8 k# J8 ^1 | 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( ~* Z3 z v. L! I. R+ [
8 [- F2 ~- c' X% I: L* t2 c; kCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
# v7 C+ N. F9 `/ p6 ]; a1 Q 123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ Q" T/ r8 M4 E, b t
124. Boycott of elections
+ e' O8 N0 P( ^6 E& [9 K 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' _2 S: R" {* b9 Y: _# Y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, I- D6 w& X" n; k% r6 o: x 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 v; e2 D4 h7 _( S4 G3 X
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 l( }& N5 b% E; P; X$ x5 Z& _( T
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents; f/ s: o b% |) o* h4 @
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; n+ f* ]7 y( i7 V% v2 b! S+ }* d 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ J. ?2 X1 Q1 Q$ o& x
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% }2 j V e8 `9 Q. k& V' t; M# r2 C' F3 Q3 C7 v3 F" D* Q' B" y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. T) j% @, D( R/ G' s) d 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; M0 B# v/ k2 y$ @' k4 m6 I! a 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ t" [ y% I* o6 l+ J& O) ^ 135. Popular nonobedience4 n8 ~ t0 v4 x+ _/ o+ e8 }
136. Disguised disobedience! @6 q+ r* P. K0 {% Y( v
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse" C. l! q( \; i
138. Sitdown
: O; m! O6 }/ i8 e 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ m6 O: ^2 n. q; |9 E4 _
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- @' u+ Y9 y* P* M! x
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 p% T9 ~& V6 X0 M" |3 F% K4 |4 J1 H
Action by Government Personnel9 d$ ?2 u- O( T- X/ J
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" O& n' i q. R5 H$ d7 L* _ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. v$ h- B0 x3 H- Q 144. Stalling and obstruction
# H2 w7 \" f5 h$ y) j 145. General administrative noncooperation
8 q9 P& O7 a# X. P; w' \% X" s# w0 s
146. Judicial noncooperation3 J& Y% B; b$ L$ }! f
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- ^! [) {' ?1 h. p# A$ ]/ f 148. Mutiny- E, d& X0 ?- I/ E' j% n, s" J
Domestic Governmental Action( x. F5 H+ i: A; A; B
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 l) Q3 G6 e1 _. p1 p
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 X2 m( |- z. z- z9 `% p% h' r5 C+ c+ D# q! s2 _* ?7 B3 R0 I
International Governmental Action
; ~1 J( ^* v1 [: a 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 c9 M+ @$ }( U1 } 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. k7 I$ x# c3 Q0 Q) S1 b2 x9 t 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ w% M& D# @6 w* |5 J6 A/ P
154. Severance of diplomatic relations& O$ l6 y3 ]+ L0 k% g+ A
155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 I. I& I9 R3 h; O/ O
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" I+ G% |6 x3 J* {# C: G& b7 z$ V
157. Expulsion from international organizations
; k5 f: _/ b6 w' ~+ {" b* X, {9 `9 ^1 F
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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( ?: R" [8 E5 a: a$ kPsychological Intervention
" B2 N, k' X4 Z1 P9 ^ 158. Self-exposure to the elements( a+ K6 j# F7 A2 P# g- z
159. The fast3 k2 U. {+ X, c' O; F
a) Fast of moral pressure) V5 A$ r+ ]- T( J+ r$ o
b) Hunger strike8 z5 ]. b) L! }3 Q% v( n
c) Satyagrahic fast
! V+ K8 ~( }9 L5 E+ q! r 160. Reverse trial9 D; b9 q! B2 I3 D' p
161. Nonviolent harassment8 h% B3 t/ ? d$ J% o
( l: |/ ]9 X1 \6 O6 [9 w
Physical Intervention! Y. R6 c5 {0 m% t! g& B
162. Sit-in, N# V. y# a! \
163. Stand-in+ k4 x* y1 z( H) d+ v& f d& T$ R
164. Ride-in
& A1 b; o/ \0 q3 P 165. Wade-in
4 Y1 w& I# t' x- F 166. Mill-in6 Q( b9 C- t; a. n( |4 I
167. Pray-in, `: x% \9 ]& Y5 G5 I$ {, W5 M
168. Nonviolent raids
* ^ |6 [4 Y ]' Q5 J 169. Nonviolent air raids
" F. l& h4 j: O% l 170. Nonviolent invasion c3 h7 \' f& R5 c$ q, E
171. Nonviolent interjection! V: _$ O: } F: B9 J0 |+ o! ]0 \
172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 f% e9 m- J. z 173. Nonviolent occupation3 {2 D$ I$ X- \0 Z
4 P& H+ ^, r" I$ F
Social Intervention$ K$ b f$ Z& M# r1 i; Q
174. Establishing new social patterns" c8 J' V6 d. \) ~/ ?+ _
175. Overloading of facilities
5 L. L9 L5 O. j1 e 176. Stall-in
+ x) \3 @ |" d2 N+ x9 \5 E& | Z) m 177. Speak-in
: _# z& Q4 i% Y- V 178. Guerrilla theater
- |- Y/ G+ h8 Z9 \ 179. Alternative social institutions+ u% M" k$ `7 E, d O
180. Alternative communication system
) I2 ~3 q2 _# L$ Z6 \5 ^/ p p0 G& M9 B. I0 G A8 \4 H
Economic Intervention
3 X$ z. Y6 @: Q) S 181. Reverse strike
b2 O! a1 t: X# A* L- ? 182. Stay-in strike
# F1 m& w* v( ?1 I 183. Nonviolent land seizure, N$ b1 d- N/ ?' S& k
184. Defiance of blockades
& M$ ?/ q* q0 }+ w8 p5 j 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
5 ?1 R2 ]$ }. p5 \+ U% y; ^& ~/ v 186. Preclusive purchasing
7 R6 v6 K* |! O 187. Seizure of assets* g1 a7 i/ M1 W8 r# m
188. Dumping$ t/ A+ A5 m7 r" a, m& t# H8 C
189. Selective patronage+ B7 T7 C- k) ^7 A }& J
190. Alternative markets
' W" _8 d1 G% t7 | 191. Alternative transportation systems
. T/ a6 b0 ]; X 192. Alternative economic institutions
3 y1 K. C: r/ n, `. V8 D" G8 \: Y' K) `8 E( ~$ v" r( P3 u! J( P
Political Intervention
# v+ A5 Q/ ~% Y 193. Overloading of administrative systems
- k f9 \4 b& T3 s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ B, p5 y- N) s1 P9 ] 195. Seeking imprisonment
: Y) z2 v0 u! w! Y1 J 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! h! N* c4 R3 L3 q 197. Work-on without collaboration
' L+ U5 G" w8 D& L 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
