 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; W7 E6 \" i$ ]
Formal Statements
" a0 P" H9 q% o# ]. ^! d 1. Public Speeches2 p- _2 n. E, t
2. Letters of opposition or support
, d$ K6 R& \" ]) M9 V0 u0 k6 } 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 h4 k" G1 E, R# C9 T
4. Signed public statements$ P+ y3 m& y' E) |! J
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: y8 o; `' U6 C+ S/ N1 Z 6. Group or mass petitions+ G6 k5 K( _5 {" E# ~
+ Q% D2 ^! t4 j6 D" aCommunications with a Wider Audience! E) F- T$ k# q) |( H0 @; O; S9 L
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; v1 N4 y7 d% C. ~3 Y
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' J' C0 T( M( g/ U2 ?
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; P0 i4 ~% h, Z' L 10. Newspapers and journals& f0 D6 ^2 g! i- Y* c' S P
11. Records, radio, and television
. W" ?: q$ w4 B# F3 _* y" G 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# F" `7 o% ?9 x6 c0 A' h! u) Y& \5 H+ i" b* @6 W$ Z, ?
Group Representations4 f9 f, {9 G! z7 z. M
13. Deputations
4 j; s( d7 L9 s( ?% | 14. Mock awards! i4 k4 _/ f8 O A: E; z
15. Group lobbying
% @" @+ ^2 |9 T0 L0 O) a( o 16. Picketing
0 |$ l; t8 G. ?+ v3 s 17. Mock elections
9 q$ ~, i3 o8 X6 k( Z8 |
$ L$ N* t. |. S& {8 d H8 w. HSymbolic Public Acts/ ]3 u2 A( O' U& f' e9 N
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 e& Z% M) E/ d1 \ 19. Wearing of symbols( e6 {6 P2 u# h8 g0 i
20. Prayer and worship
. g1 T7 ?& q1 @( C 21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 u- D2 j4 k# U. U3 g8 ~ 22. Protest disrobings% t: Q/ N, S- v: m$ J% C
23. Destruction of own property7 A* N" q4 B/ M/ B6 `/ v
24. Symbolic lights
$ u$ x, d# e8 U/ r& _9 X5 i, h% v 25. Displays of portraits
3 D) ?' B5 B9 n/ f$ z 26. Paint as protest
+ _3 Z* q3 B8 d; M5 M8 k" ~: Z# c 27. New signs and names
" Y6 M% o5 J3 a' { 28. Symbolic sounds
3 U7 U9 X6 T* ~. |9 ~, X 29. Symbolic reclamations. s2 i7 w8 g* A3 W1 ^* y
30. Rude gestures, F7 r) a* m: R' A) _6 X
! X8 M$ ]$ ?& [7 EPressures on Individuals" [0 h& F J" l% }$ {4 I2 j4 Y
31. “Haunting” officials* T7 y( T( p+ Q, _9 l; u7 Y. V
32. Taunting officials# c% X1 C+ w8 y& K$ ^ \
33. Fraternization/ p) K) s) C( h1 N
34. Vigils
# h' k- ]) v% M( V0 d! g
1 A1 d1 k: s* E$ E, c- i5 [/ ^' |Drama and Music7 d n% m0 r8 w' G& p0 |
35. Humorous skits and pranks S6 O3 u8 \# O8 T B1 }
36. Performances of plays and music9 {. X/ ?7 |- G/ e. G
37. Singing
- g6 r& ~) S$ n# ?6 s
( P5 A1 v9 r8 v. h. }) j0 ~& C3 qProcessions
: ?6 x/ Q: _9 |" k' o 38. Marches
& P7 }0 l- u" B( N" u1 l: u) o 39. Parades
; J' g, q) _+ j- N0 E% U6 Z! J5 ]' \ 40. Religious processions: L7 G; }5 p$ f. m4 W
41. Pilgrimages+ U$ h* [% `0 ]7 f) t' z; r
42. Motorcades3 v9 Y8 j# u! A4 Z+ h# A9 `+ g
# x" {( a8 l U" d8 Q, p
Honoring the Dead
3 q. F w7 T+ b- a( {& a$ ]0 U 43. Political mourning a1 t) p7 i* ~5 [
44. Mock funerals* W5 ?( L: I; _6 Z ]
45. Demonstrative funerals% a. }/ J4 ~ ]" j, _/ C
46. Homage at burial places
, b/ K) |( d. |' y
) |& i1 h8 u+ p5 @( U2 yPublic Assemblies; _+ x% w. i; N' |8 M: U2 b
47. Assemblies of protest or support$ C3 t& U ?+ E# ^- q" p6 _8 T$ p9 Q
48. Protest meetings6 o4 L! M- d* C! M0 U( c5 v
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" H' E3 S' ?' n8 g+ S& f; o3 Y3 _ 50. Teach-ins
0 S2 c. i$ Y P8 f" h
) y F, S* a6 i! F" EWithdrawal and Renunciation, A7 K+ p3 `0 I+ e2 D
51. Walk-outs
, b1 _2 B4 q! ~2 I% h9 f, P 52. Silence
! z$ l' p* Y: l5 Z) ? 53. Renouncing honors
' X! r+ }$ M8 Y3 R0 A 54. Turning one’s back
9 z% w7 ~( y: d3 e E5 c& m! @' ~) c) ?. m6 a" y$ s
6 m) y% r7 B: |8 I* U* \
- v2 f* S# l; a0 I: N$ C" @- DTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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R8 I. @ B5 t. i5 R+ d # ]4 `& F! z8 r$ R" I
4 [8 ?7 M r c% h0 F- E
Ostracism of Persons- ~) \8 q( x; X, b; W. Y" F
55. Social boycott( Y) p6 I$ x8 x1 E& X. K6 g
56. Selective social boycott
+ V" ~( ~& r$ N5 k" A7 N& G8 @* C 57. Lysistratic nonaction. n- D# @+ I2 R; y3 [' `
58. Excommunication* y9 Z1 s1 B1 h8 c0 t3 M
59. Interdict9 ]1 o+ _& R: z$ |/ {7 v/ z) c" j
9 a! `, g1 k3 Z3 o3 i. s# Q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) v4 C6 w( C" ^- w! f
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, B" t' T+ \0 z: h; ` 61. Boycott of social affairs J9 ~. p- r6 O) ?
62. Student strike
/ _# g/ Q7 ~+ n, I: n% J 63. Social disobedience5 R/ |& J* b# V. {8 {: _# Y& J3 x% z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions& {4 j/ Q' @- g: n q2 A" T' H% _/ L
/ S1 A" R# D7 B% f- K, h
Withdrawal from the Social System
" ^7 M! C7 y: a9 I* ]% ?0 J+ @( t 65. Stay-at-home
4 u* m4 I- H9 J- F 66. Total personal noncooperation
* K$ |( r3 M6 e& {! v% t 67. “Flight” of workers
% C3 q8 u- U7 z4 i 68. Sanctuary
/ r, A, v7 y* h5 t( L8 d3 k 69. Collective disappearance
. Z! A' Y4 U' q( p0 a( O 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ T6 @( M1 d' O6 b# f8 H& C& g6 x9 C& H1 I2 f) y" d
6 _* O3 m3 E8 \5 R# O0 ^
$ `( P% K4 l" H! m/ n% j9 YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 T% W- a" V! a6 M) ^9 D: q# a
0 k- A: p+ O; g+ r& L: u : }& `% c' r0 K: p% V2 Z! `. \! F; i
Actions by Consumers% G$ \( q. B1 U6 H
71. Consumers’ boycott+ ]9 S7 P* a/ U. r6 f1 z9 q$ z5 n( }
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ Z! e# K) |6 X% r0 q) n. p 73. Policy of austerity$ \- U) e% G2 `, B' ~, W5 m
74. Rent withholding
# W8 T/ o J _9 l 75. Refusal to rent
9 D6 h+ g% }- z2 n( @0 w2 J* e 76. National consumers’ boycott
# q: v/ u1 h0 ^2 T" Z 77. International consumers’ boycott
]. N- N) H- j' J" s S( g4 a* h! E$ O2 t3 A" j7 Q" p4 A( B3 ~
Action by Workers and Producers
# P4 G8 W- \& O- g 78. Workmen’s boycott! r1 e a0 z5 [9 j" b8 ^
79. Producers’ boycott
8 ~( B1 L: ^; Q2 B! y3 B% g: ^6 B" Z; o9 Y1 I9 y
Action by Middlemen
/ p' ^: @: G. J$ D7 p; G+ q5 X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 @. \, \3 c* G! G
0 l8 A1 u; l6 _/ ]0 ~Action by Owners and Management( f# V+ o6 ~6 g0 s5 B: _
81. Traders’ boycott
6 [; T/ b+ M. V; l 82. Refusal to let or sell property- s7 o$ {' _: d# F6 q/ G, H d
83. Lockout
$ F& Z% a7 U; R 84. Refusal of industrial assistance) z2 g" S7 {; P! g
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 f! @. N3 r+ z2 m0 W V- U
. H: \. k( ^# C, TAction by Holders of Financial Resources
, Z. r$ u& ?% J 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& }5 Q0 {" f; w0 J% ?
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- b5 c( t) T: d2 P5 p( V
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 @$ M8 ^6 A( q, A3 q, h& x
89. Severance of funds and credit, t& T) ?8 ~8 A6 Y: `! T* F) I4 B
90. Revenue refusal
5 r8 @6 ]: J" l* n& p- j 91. Refusal of a government’s money: C" @1 `) t; i: ^" O |8 r
4 T1 _1 k2 u5 p" A8 U: P
Action by Governments8 f! k9 x3 I0 F8 d& o7 V1 o
92. Domestic embargo9 g; J5 M; e+ C9 N
93. Blacklisting of traders
7 s: p3 G; y9 d! I 94. International sellers’ embargo
, t) }/ v0 G" b8 s& X9 M+ i 95. International buyers’ embargo3 w6 F7 F4 J7 j5 p5 ]3 ^; \6 Q% ]1 q
96. International trade embargo
* D0 [0 B, `6 [. p! q8 |" J& ^2 i. u7 t% {) p
- c& f/ l# W) ]* _% b
( H6 u2 v% d- l% k% F6 XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 d) U* |0 A! f! W7 V( y5 i4 C* S
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7 } O8 V/ S( E! C: }
Symbolic Strikes
! {' ~7 m2 J* ]2 p. h- }5 V 97. Protest strike
. N8 D9 M+ f9 y; U; G+ v; i. ^8 ?% C 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ u! y. U- f! c. A1 _8 P
: A% l1 }! G7 UAgricultural Strikes/ m5 x) H/ m( o
99. Peasant strike
. J9 X. `3 n( \ V 100. Farm Workers’ strike. {$ ^0 k4 E7 w0 F5 A8 D) g# m% b
! ~* w$ g+ ?% }. _3 [2 C
Strikes by Special Groups
3 m H0 u6 d" z. l4 Q; h' b$ [ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 I* h, `6 F- t% g. c 102. Prisoners’ strike
% s: O5 J! \! K( R2 X( `, o 103. Craft strike
; {" ?3 K D. Y& W5 K: J* q 104. Professional strike3 g3 J% F2 U( T5 w: W
" h% w# c& u" B4 z9 W. \5 p& a
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 [9 p# v+ C5 e! d. j, b2 y, Z
105. Establishment strike9 u+ |" _+ v* [7 Q% s5 m1 [4 ~
106. Industry strike9 N( S* e9 z+ D) j( R
107. Sympathetic strike
1 J/ Q9 k: Z' R6 g
6 G# t0 Q1 R7 lRestricted Strikes+ }" E F/ P! ]
108. Detailed strike
+ A. m; i$ d/ I 109. Bumper strike
" [. B% K4 ^# W1 p) { 110. Slowdown strike6 h. T$ \6 k! F+ r D4 z+ N+ K X; e$ A
111. Working-to-rule strike. A- L' b# _4 a; u
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, l$ M0 `* [: ?, P3 C 113. Strike by resignation: i! ?5 G& |, x4 Q! C
114. Limited strike
& S% L# Z2 H9 i* r* R# V0 S 115. Selective strike: E4 w0 w1 ]8 ^, P }( N
1 ~( ^8 M @: }3 hMulti-Industry Strikes8 p: j, T2 C e* c9 Y, l
$ h9 l; R! q. a6 ], s% H8 ?% Z) p 116. Generalized strike
5 O8 e* t8 x' A* i
+ R- M U* B- W" d; } 117. General strike% t2 y! b! S7 R3 Y3 f1 e
9 b" q7 O; e e4 P# JCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 B) [1 @3 H5 F# A1 g, o
% A/ R$ l: M$ u d! T 118. Hartal
2 N9 W; ]5 U# }1 D
$ E, W2 K; Z0 }4 [' w/ U 119. Economic shutdown6 C6 t+ i8 y. k2 v
5 {# }3 K% ?' c' T. {9 \$ Q6 d
" R* Y6 R* n" s% b: o5 c, `
% K7 \7 X8 c* d6 w+ S" TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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# z, C: }* U; h8 f: S$ |
% m7 R! e' i7 {1 VRejection of Authority
" V# E& s8 {; ]) w 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, {9 F: v# _& ^2 @- s
121. Refusal of public support
* c7 ^% A, Y, C8 [/ w9 H _ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 R" a6 `: e8 Y# G6 W% a8 u
* x: t2 E: V) X2 P/ Z' g5 m
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government% x" R/ @9 W4 B
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
I& z& e K- O7 B* w% C, C: Y 124. Boycott of elections9 ]2 @# ~/ C; X4 w- q# I9 A0 S
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ R+ M, b) @$ T2 Q+ \' [ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
2 [) l9 N& Q! I 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 d; x: Q9 `: D) ^8 K5 P& y- ^$ ] 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
! G- R7 a! Y- P5 p' ~7 S 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! J) W( k Y$ e 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' K0 \/ P9 G3 K; L
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials @" ~2 J5 K7 Z- m1 n x9 w
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 Z& ~* j U/ B- K& t3 b$ F
- G$ h& x/ j4 p: q* pCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' [( X+ a5 b1 J6 K 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- J2 K# w+ b. G& a: C 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 M* U" l! _8 F! l9 }
135. Popular nonobedience3 ^0 a! z3 r! w1 P3 |! x
136. Disguised disobedience- {- M" F% V: ]6 L: H( ~3 |; k' p
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 K( q/ n# g% {( f1 n/ D( K. b
138. Sitdown
4 A2 t+ E( w+ {" R4 h 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( s# Y/ w/ Y+ U% {$ k: j8 W: ^ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* |9 R/ o8 J& J. v
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws. B9 C$ ^3 O* C* f: e" K w
) @, K5 c0 P% q1 E6 VAction by Government Personnel
" @0 e. v/ }: Q7 C 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- f4 r1 b1 Z% ], R l, E$ q, l 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 V( f8 z8 `; w# M6 g. k 144. Stalling and obstruction8 m, r% n- ^$ r
145. General administrative noncooperation1 z8 P2 Y$ n' l; Y6 G
; o1 [. O' b m3 t, M; b 146. Judicial noncooperation
}8 H" s8 a w 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" D9 D3 b" D9 M
148. Mutiny+ V) m0 ?& p' k) D O+ ^- P& K
Domestic Governmental Action
r5 G7 s! k( m 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 b, I6 X d0 ^8 W1 }% f
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 b( G) _, ?7 }, H1 E" T, W2 h5 h# ^( X
International Governmental Action
. B$ e2 q1 [* l; {+ w3 P% v" t& H0 o 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& m) @& l9 N, C' j" d 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 l9 V4 Q0 u% C3 v6 [ l, |5 E+ [3 l$ _ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ w; a1 R8 U; j; [: A 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% d( b8 T6 a, c: t' I 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 ]9 Z* o. Q4 L6 z X5 B- [ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% n/ l/ ^: k2 e I; v
157. Expulsion from international organizations
. a) ?: Z; B$ T1 m: `' z8 U# i. O& b" p: m, _
& r* _3 h+ Z6 a$ V* g# c0 K$ ]
r+ K$ a w0 \5 l3 a- ETHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
7 g' E5 j& L, p. r" F, P! @( j) E4 w& g5 Y+ P' F: S7 f: Y3 e5 j
& h: K" U; t, n3 P2 q( GPsychological Intervention
2 y" f" y" ]: f4 _0 m3 Y 158. Self-exposure to the elements* @$ R$ B9 Z3 F b7 Y
159. The fast
' r2 ?% y6 Y7 V& U a) Fast of moral pressure7 A" P4 k& V7 R1 `4 g8 A4 {* E
b) Hunger strike' [% S9 _" ^* E+ @! S. o: \
c) Satyagrahic fast
( t+ J! r; R& G+ V 160. Reverse trial
: G# r( [5 [6 X2 E: V" p$ C4 P 161. Nonviolent harassment% S8 ~* G! x( |
" N6 U3 z. O9 q- CPhysical Intervention
! d- J$ P4 l/ i _ 162. Sit-in. U- a# @( s8 A/ N( U' r& O/ x+ e
163. Stand-in
" b5 G h2 F1 |- J; V+ a$ E 164. Ride-in+ _- E ]1 @# y1 k% }6 h
165. Wade-in- e! n. C. o* q4 W" O d* p
166. Mill-in4 ?: F {$ D4 y$ `; K
167. Pray-in
) h- d" S! ^' l7 V w9 Z1 s 168. Nonviolent raids
* _( J# V% p+ ]. I- n6 \" X" D6 u 169. Nonviolent air raids4 E' B! g2 Y0 B/ _
170. Nonviolent invasion
7 p: I/ v2 \+ J. t. r# G3 c5 N7 I9 ]9 J 171. Nonviolent interjection
* J# P/ U- `# G3 R7 P 172. Nonviolent obstruction
* p% I, u# ~3 I: \1 e 173. Nonviolent occupation( V1 q6 [. f- S: L9 v: Z
1 T% O& k0 B3 ?! q/ m$ F* ^Social Intervention, h' t2 a% O& q V4 S' P1 }, r
174. Establishing new social patterns0 i) Q; G+ ]5 F: X2 J
175. Overloading of facilities, b9 a: |) x/ c: j/ n& q
176. Stall-in
& N8 e# ~9 R" W9 R 177. Speak-in! K" C$ E$ U- P$ t2 u8 S* u
178. Guerrilla theater/ S5 ]- {3 Y' r c2 o M" t
179. Alternative social institutions
/ D8 r# Z, ~3 a9 ? 180. Alternative communication system
- K; \( |* i! `7 o9 m: [4 G4 m6 u$ ~; D1 T4 V$ x& i" }
Economic Intervention
" _9 p: ^2 z2 [3 v' F8 k, E+ K 181. Reverse strike
7 S# ~$ |1 n, G$ d% t/ H 182. Stay-in strike
( a7 _. M* s7 k+ G 183. Nonviolent land seizure) [( J! v5 E3 ]1 C& M
184. Defiance of blockades. b- K8 F* W+ x1 l: u& C
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 a0 \( t% G# ]3 X. U: N t 186. Preclusive purchasing) W0 r+ g) D8 Y' D5 \
187. Seizure of assets
& ]8 j! f7 N$ ]7 k5 v 188. Dumping5 o" K0 r$ [+ m! Z% d5 ]
189. Selective patronage4 Q4 r6 ?5 [" _& A9 ?
190. Alternative markets1 L. b) J' }! q7 S, q
191. Alternative transportation systems0 F1 ?# L; G# h+ ~! m B8 ^
192. Alternative economic institutions8 U$ p) R; `* W# Z* k
7 C! b& a- w! b! w# F4 ]4 Q8 C& zPolitical Intervention
$ }9 }: {4 j. z) h. i 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% g( c4 k2 c' k 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 Q6 {9 T4 a% i# r9 w$ t% G4 `* \' Y
195. Seeking imprisonment' @) A9 G2 |6 k) S
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, _8 b0 V( y) d1 P4 i7 P! R 197. Work-on without collaboration; w# _0 l" ^1 j2 _( {, A6 @/ l* t
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: F8 ?/ s% J9 y F
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
