 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 w5 Q; _8 `# t% X. O; m" \8 j uFormal Statements# K" d D' W1 p. N( l2 G: Q. \
1. Public Speeches
- K% I: Z+ S$ C0 R" j& T0 ~ 2. Letters of opposition or support
* S/ `6 r' M0 s/ l 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! X: c: }2 F7 O5 D. u! O. Q" m. V
4. Signed public statements
2 B( N8 E2 { q6 I+ C. W 5. Declarations of indictment and intention4 h4 p) |# ~0 ?
6. Group or mass petitions. K3 `) D% @1 n( }
, h; X5 V! D/ Y) BCommunications with a Wider Audience
& x, p" U; K" A% w/ d6 Z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
5 X* a4 ~, u ]+ ^+ m6 [ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& |, A1 A; E: [* i! z6 `1 _
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books ~. @ t# z6 O5 u+ o
10. Newspapers and journals0 O( ^- J; l/ B' S
11. Records, radio, and television
' _6 z5 t/ O$ p 12. Skywriting and earthwriting! v. {* E# w2 M
; t5 g* U5 ~5 v2 C1 e$ I- R
Group Representations
2 k D3 r- X! r+ X1 u 13. Deputations* D4 s% |0 y) l2 v
14. Mock awards9 Q/ p- L; J; K3 p3 v: j3 e
15. Group lobbying! m. @7 l5 o& r3 O* K, N
16. Picketing* H/ E0 H; }/ Y9 U: d! }
17. Mock elections
6 {$ \# f* N7 S4 |2 |4 c+ T9 b8 P- \% K( q
Symbolic Public Acts
% \' O1 k. K [% B/ p$ n# k, P! F6 s* ^ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ b# t/ C- x2 A
19. Wearing of symbols2 `( {) P& v0 e+ q3 i: L% U
20. Prayer and worship
: I, U4 Z+ h* @" c, L 21. Delivering symbolic objects: K- [: F9 l3 x* ]/ e( G' O
22. Protest disrobings
* ^+ {. H5 _( b- K/ { 23. Destruction of own property
w$ M$ Y, D7 }: s 24. Symbolic lights3 M' `) V( Z+ H) G& ~
25. Displays of portraits* e* Y/ U, i ~# l5 e% \3 [2 _2 `
26. Paint as protest# W9 b- {3 E4 R# i
27. New signs and names- p; J7 d. {% s2 g
28. Symbolic sounds
4 a; M2 p; K* I, N 29. Symbolic reclamations0 l# @8 B3 _2 D( S
30. Rude gestures
" s- j3 O d @6 e' Z n
3 F S' e% O0 ]% xPressures on Individuals
8 n1 Y$ A6 m. U; N0 I/ x' } 31. “Haunting” officials
; N$ ~' U+ i/ J' P4 T: ~7 M% i 32. Taunting officials# g2 Q3 K6 O U& F. I% k, ?# R
33. Fraternization) D5 g- y% ^/ F. R: p+ S
34. Vigils
! s/ ?# k, C. O- M. r
) X9 d7 x* h# ~: BDrama and Music+ c8 n8 A$ x: j
35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 E) H/ ?! S/ ]# [ 36. Performances of plays and music
; u+ Y: p2 P. y8 I 37. Singing( E, a: L4 }" r7 i& ~# m
3 r1 w' p3 S9 H4 D9 jProcessions
3 h! z/ P7 f( r# {9 E2 ] 38. Marches3 ^$ b# t# |& |9 S0 \$ O6 i4 U
39. Parades- V* |, {, X3 G) L2 x
40. Religious processions% n* y! h8 T( P6 b( C" D3 x
41. Pilgrimages
. f; M" @+ i( v9 `2 p: V x) V; q 42. Motorcades
9 w3 K: x+ P7 n' X4 ~# T1 a
6 U# d. Z1 B' S7 L, ^3 XHonoring the Dead
/ u0 z* S+ |) \' |9 O; K+ y4 Z( y" F( X 43. Political mourning+ d5 d9 \: _1 {8 F c7 A! b+ B! l+ e
44. Mock funerals
$ G0 q4 s4 m4 _# ]9 N 45. Demonstrative funerals
: o+ v2 k5 K7 f) e% Q0 J2 S 46. Homage at burial places: `3 S O- q) } O3 j3 b( {
6 o$ ?& N: L, A8 B! ?! {3 p0 cPublic Assemblies
, \8 a9 J N) @. j8 w5 v 47. Assemblies of protest or support5 \. i( [2 F+ ~9 m1 @, t) J
48. Protest meetings
0 k' M' [& |4 K! l, r2 _: L) X 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest% Q/ V: C& [; U; E* w" c6 S( T
50. Teach-ins& q z5 ~; Z7 N8 d6 _+ ?
' @0 I( _* r, g) BWithdrawal and Renunciation
/ l9 |: B' ?; d& W 51. Walk-outs
1 R4 C( l. ~8 i$ F 52. Silence
* |3 u+ s, v1 ?7 O3 z 53. Renouncing honors5 n" A( o, A, g- B: H: |
54. Turning one’s back# ?$ b; r4 i2 E4 v' L: \0 Z. T% @
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2 u( i, { `6 _% p, {' e3 f: p- A2 v( R, a0 F
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 |2 c6 R8 ^* [- q! a" W
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. Q5 B9 E; R3 rOstracism of Persons
/ G$ W' X$ }% S 55. Social boycott3 t9 v6 d3 i [+ r9 w
56. Selective social boycott
; {3 C7 U7 a+ ~7 c7 g* Q8 r 57. Lysistratic nonaction* d4 v* o* L* T6 C0 I
58. Excommunication
5 f9 L7 s0 @7 p! [ 59. Interdict( \' s; x2 k3 s7 p' c8 a1 K
' R: n- w5 Q CNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# T' ]" o \7 p# U4 w. e. ~
60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 z4 t- d) b. Q8 ^2 B% c
61. Boycott of social affairs1 y8 s0 n2 T# Q/ G- g+ b; ^
62. Student strike/ W+ D- ]. ?) K) C# d1 O7 V
63. Social disobedience
, I; K; b$ J# G 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% ^$ ~. i' i* x6 b) k
- G6 x5 \; @0 R' `" D" D% r- xWithdrawal from the Social System$ Z/ U5 B/ X" s! ^
65. Stay-at-home
, \9 ]$ `# ]! }/ W 66. Total personal noncooperation
" R/ o4 C$ D2 e3 V" H! ^ 67. “Flight” of workers
7 F9 o( S& X1 C' V2 } 68. Sanctuary9 P. r' o5 K, u' b" A+ q2 g
69. Collective disappearance& ?7 i$ n% t) }; S. B
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
" c1 Q% X" T0 C O7 X F0 c m+ l( y+ J5 Q# v" }
: t1 C; z2 I* {$ Y" c9 ?& f( }& M
, G7 ^. Y3 V4 E. h5 b. Q WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" k& q2 h4 l% Q9 Q( I
* e& Q/ y7 `; m2 l/ z K $ p$ ~$ ~6 Q9 J! R: o
Actions by Consumers
6 f( U' f/ ]- M$ n( u+ B 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 b0 i* a x: n& k7 {2 }* Y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 }: H& A' B7 o- [ 73. Policy of austerity
6 i+ F/ U2 }) C. k' _ 74. Rent withholding
3 C3 W1 q# Q4 }' e: e5 m* B 75. Refusal to rent& c5 E ^9 u% i# y" N5 y8 D
76. National consumers’ boycott
$ }$ Y7 S2 y6 E% p' H 77. International consumers’ boycott" _9 M1 Z4 o' N) y( Q: s+ Y- n
! _' ~0 s7 K5 g/ X: N; S2 a6 K$ D
Action by Workers and Producers
# g6 c8 q( R# W/ x5 } 78. Workmen’s boycott
% u: i+ R7 `8 e b( j- T 79. Producers’ boycott9 M/ U! w$ W/ s1 C. T9 l
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Action by Middlemen1 `: \' B4 p5 t9 |1 p9 C
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott, \$ C' v1 Z7 k( N* ^3 C, a s# \
6 n; s$ a5 S$ b, q3 H
Action by Owners and Management- h" n, F5 Z z; W O8 @2 f* P
81. Traders’ boycott$ |+ o4 ^3 r" |. M
82. Refusal to let or sell property+ T4 P) n9 U$ F0 F5 q8 a
83. Lockout
& q- `3 b' L7 Y3 H1 ^* D" J 84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 u* k* S h- F' x. R
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 x3 D% l9 F- J2 l ~4 R5 b- x6 ?1 b% g% Z( g- C+ J* \
Action by Holders of Financial Resources, Z& G) O/ D/ v( M
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits' T Y( G, h3 v) K7 Y. y& V- D1 @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( L" J' W* f/ A1 _1 F 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
5 Y, P! ^) m* j# [' D0 r 89. Severance of funds and credit
3 j W7 \4 Z; z' ^ 90. Revenue refusal
" D: M* W+ @7 v8 ]/ C1 z 91. Refusal of a government’s money4 E! p# R- K7 ]9 G. E1 R; t
( r6 z* V. b( A' |9 x
Action by Governments; f1 Z3 {/ M3 v7 e. H% W+ c7 E
92. Domestic embargo
1 D6 l1 B2 _- E/ w 93. Blacklisting of traders
) }- q" ^4 `( v. q$ o- i+ v 94. International sellers’ embargo+ _- Q/ Z Z5 C
95. International buyers’ embargo
4 M/ I: l$ J- E. G 96. International trade embargo, @+ [/ H1 e9 Z. X& ?
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/ w7 S# B. N t$ n! v5 YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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3 ^, s3 v. u+ }4 {# @
! q. z. A. V" B9 Y: P3 GSymbolic Strikes7 |$ S: b0 X* ?3 g0 Y2 O) f
97. Protest strike4 t! B0 o8 V' s# B
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% {0 K0 \2 d7 [% j; ]+ h
7 ^3 L$ X3 p7 [) o/ |- D8 s, q8 |Agricultural Strikes, {; {" f% L; N) u4 |+ U+ b
99. Peasant strike
$ E7 E9 l) }- \) H" y" r 100. Farm Workers’ strike
* A6 n( x. b1 e7 a0 Z h4 B: \: [2 ^
Strikes by Special Groups
' e3 V! R/ l0 ?: c! x- B9 f) d 101. Refusal of impressed labor9 _" A( E: R. J
102. Prisoners’ strike0 Q$ v& d2 X1 X! T: \) b2 r
103. Craft strike
! `) Z. S8 [% z1 p- \ 104. Professional strike2 A* X3 J1 @! e- `# k3 t' F
+ F% H" Y2 N$ f s7 f% @( {4 hOrdinary Industrial Strikes7 T8 }( Y& j7 A, L+ |
105. Establishment strike6 P) E; Q3 q! Y$ u2 \( `
106. Industry strike
0 K) m/ Y' O7 W( u 107. Sympathetic strike! @, }( \7 K% p
" y3 ~6 T0 K3 A9 }, |$ a* kRestricted Strikes! E1 g! E" J" T. I
108. Detailed strike+ ^3 v- M% ~4 i5 p* N: f: b7 Y6 P
109. Bumper strike. H x3 M8 Q5 N
110. Slowdown strike
$ F* P L# p4 T x 111. Working-to-rule strike/ E5 Y/ E4 w! Y! C; G3 _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ G2 g7 t* L/ }9 M; n: ` 113. Strike by resignation1 w) u4 R& o5 E: o& y5 {# E
114. Limited strike
4 z8 s& `, ^. e! Y9 ]# | 115. Selective strike
. N7 B7 d# `. u+ }; B: F6 E$ j! G, E& o( D, C
Multi-Industry Strikes5 x: A4 O3 V- @, p& E! A$ {% `& r
( R8 V# W( z: ^
116. Generalized strike
Z- l+ Q6 }; [ Z1 K+ L$ e# b: P" k# ?/ e) M5 P
117. General strike9 f" C5 O3 S/ m) {9 C* p
: t( @" b4 I t$ p3 |: j3 lCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! w( x8 {7 o* z7 I% a; C& A" e5 V) F) m. r2 Q. X$ x2 N- e) Q1 s
118. Hartal3 r% O# |3 N& Y1 ~2 U
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119. Economic shutdown" O! \! K7 U7 h+ h+ M9 Q( R
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1 B5 F& v8 Q& RTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% j! C4 a8 L/ h, n+ S, X2 H1 `
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Rejection of Authority0 ~7 Z. W( P" m7 Z) e) ]
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* M( y; R* e& f
121. Refusal of public support& ~' b) y$ \, E- _5 r& G/ {
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ Y, m3 V% I0 @5 L) W9 m& C+ ^
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ H& K3 n$ M6 W' B) e+ ^9 R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 x+ D( P! X) v9 h* r/ r1 F
124. Boycott of elections
5 v+ K1 o; S/ c y( U8 q8 H1 _ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 ], ?% B) \" p5 I9 G: o
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& | E) j5 c4 m( N
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' j* B% ]; ], `' ?% C 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 Y* S7 p, y& t7 q, f0 Y) E
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ X5 q; P# \- u; f) v
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks7 x! z. T3 Q( ^; B2 T0 m/ r* P
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
# p' D3 q- P, ^4 _5 L( f" O; Q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
- {5 z. I1 k& K- }$ n8 O; [! t8 ~; S; F- Z X- ]$ S$ _& a4 B/ H
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience( a* X" |* _4 Y; G1 L1 u4 Y% l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ P3 ^# N+ ^) A2 b* @! \ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
! F3 G8 l2 w& @0 G8 B. X 135. Popular nonobedience
" E3 ?0 `- e6 c4 T 136. Disguised disobedience! }- x: h1 m: k/ V4 }3 m
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
) G. l9 w/ E6 _; E 138. Sitdown
; F& e3 L4 U- w3 \+ C+ w, _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: r! D. y8 |$ P* A% l. M
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, X9 h7 S0 m$ g, ~
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& o I8 ] _! T
" p) R' w8 e7 a- _Action by Government Personnel
3 ?$ U* P, M3 T y% F 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
B: H. M: ?. F& w 143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 h* X3 I/ S) b. x4 _5 j0 K
144. Stalling and obstruction
4 {4 O! a9 ]( n2 D8 s+ U1 ^* C) c 145. General administrative noncooperation
! p. _8 Q6 ^8 ~, e3 h: S9 k5 i8 N; i6 P: z4 x( S- Z% }
146. Judicial noncooperation
" ]4 A. t2 L& p1 ]0 z e5 S 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 L2 T) j# S( ^8 d6 H" G- [ 148. Mutiny
: g+ k: X+ ~: X; n% ?& ^# b& EDomestic Governmental Action G# U) L( P. c
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
9 f* H, u5 d% v3 t 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) C) g B0 ]- \0 m
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International Governmental Action* ] c. y, r6 G$ f* {3 V8 S* x# H
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ E: i9 d4 B$ U' U 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 e v$ [, [ f* i9 T
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition9 {' r7 w+ Y" `* X r! i
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 B V$ c, [8 e8 m! c+ \ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% ^ C [; p; `1 B c 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 F" e( }% k1 F) s 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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6 U6 J- @$ h! O0 {, o/ j* x( f5 \5 h( {" }: `
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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, v1 e5 y/ @5 I- NPsychological Intervention2 }0 b* H& D k" ? Q
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 M7 q( n) m s0 K. T2 N) n 159. The fast
# k) E8 B; G! r h a) Fast of moral pressure
7 L7 P! L! H4 t$ R& p C b) Hunger strike* @4 [7 }' `7 w3 s
c) Satyagrahic fast( s; @' a# e: W0 j8 i
160. Reverse trial" [+ T6 X( Y& H
161. Nonviolent harassment
$ ?* Q) }( `: H6 v7 g d/ n; I7 `, z$ v
Physical Intervention
% r9 ]1 p0 H' X% x 162. Sit-in
/ D* b2 z! p# Z1 _/ { 163. Stand-in
4 u! { h4 c1 q1 U 164. Ride-in9 O! h9 N) y. K& X$ Y
165. Wade-in
& W" n3 K) v+ {7 g 166. Mill-in6 g3 o2 R" e* m0 q) J
167. Pray-in
2 y* \+ _8 V4 M, B7 x2 D 168. Nonviolent raids3 P4 ^6 r' ^' A9 |
169. Nonviolent air raids
2 x8 i4 E: u- X3 b9 p) v/ Y. R8 v7 d 170. Nonviolent invasion
2 H. n5 C3 i* F+ k. Q1 A8 b) r 171. Nonviolent interjection0 H n* e# c4 b7 r1 Y7 L) ~' _% [ O
172. Nonviolent obstruction) _6 B4 c+ v; Q: l% m
173. Nonviolent occupation8 e6 \7 l* q; U6 d% R
7 l ^, f- z5 e# X$ z# jSocial Intervention
3 q, I2 R4 L# v! { 174. Establishing new social patterns& M* \- x. W: |1 ^
175. Overloading of facilities$ r9 D( u7 ^. l) O5 H! }# R
176. Stall-in, t& j& V- Y s j: I( A
177. Speak-in9 @+ ^, y) s4 q0 d$ a$ D
178. Guerrilla theater% M p' r; u% H, U* C% F
179. Alternative social institutions
1 Z' _4 ~& [6 X4 Q3 G 180. Alternative communication system% u" N- N. |$ }! ]2 L: s
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Economic Intervention
i5 V5 Q0 \* E# [4 \- x 181. Reverse strike/ n9 e4 ^" I& \, Q; y
182. Stay-in strike2 ]9 p8 T; J9 h# A
183. Nonviolent land seizure4 R* d( u. p u& Y. q1 i2 C
184. Defiance of blockades* R" L0 ~. ]: H; a, C
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( M4 ]1 m2 c$ V" P* B 186. Preclusive purchasing
: K# y# |; P% Y' F) [ 187. Seizure of assets
3 \' }4 n5 i2 v: {9 e 188. Dumping8 u B5 P) {9 p/ K) O/ x
189. Selective patronage
0 [" s' G% E9 g% @! X 190. Alternative markets
, y4 i8 l* O+ n 191. Alternative transportation systems
( t8 w1 [6 u& ]8 I9 B: B- v 192. Alternative economic institutions) Y' C1 \! \/ y
% B8 w. ]7 P0 ?0 e" t+ l
Political Intervention( W% Z+ w. T b; H
193. Overloading of administrative systems
- \( L L% P/ J3 W8 K3 b$ [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 c7 N6 b8 j9 E; x2 {2 { o4 T+ k 195. Seeking imprisonment+ _! d/ @3 L) Z; ]
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 ~, d- i0 w: Y9 @' C/ j
197. Work-on without collaboration9 k$ M2 i" \, e) h2 f
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government4 t2 `; T5 x3 N4 B1 c2 q1 u
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
