 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 T% P6 u& C' d8 uFormal Statements7 V, B1 D0 C- c7 n1 {+ d
1. Public Speeches" W( M$ M* K8 F2 W {% M% r4 C
2. Letters of opposition or support5 b6 ?1 A! O8 h# L8 S: H% e
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- k4 T6 u6 |: j1 b }! Z7 k
4. Signed public statements
3 c8 o0 S2 C2 ]8 v2 \( ]( D4 e 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 T* a# E' h' O# B5 a 6. Group or mass petitions! S9 a0 |- C5 V. k* r
- A/ y. }7 B2 o& V- p
Communications with a Wider Audience! p+ X2 ]& a) X7 S7 a# n
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. f8 R8 @( H1 `* R" ], w+ z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# e% C; H u2 B4 }- \- h- c, o6 \6 f
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* { z: G% ^% c8 |
10. Newspapers and journals8 S, _- b5 F0 j
11. Records, radio, and television
5 _( {9 T# L- l' I& K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting, g( @! Z5 v8 q* _' l
+ C' u+ F. U3 `( J6 iGroup Representations8 a& ^ k( ~0 c H7 B
13. Deputations
6 U7 E, O: H9 v4 i- o) [ 14. Mock awards/ r, o' X" o+ l3 g- y
15. Group lobbying9 \6 e: y( G, ?; L" \8 W
16. Picketing
~$ a" G' ~& r' G6 ]( `: n5 C( ?$ H 17. Mock elections9 x9 P, V$ s1 [
( H+ x& x% L- J$ R3 `9 |Symbolic Public Acts
" t! f7 q. `4 G1 m. U. E$ w 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( Z2 a% f7 }; l
19. Wearing of symbols
. x8 `; i- a# Z. K4 b 20. Prayer and worship4 c' y+ h- @4 L" h
21. Delivering symbolic objects/ z) f0 X0 [: I5 B2 ]
22. Protest disrobings
+ }, B7 ?3 u1 h3 I% y 23. Destruction of own property \. i5 ]7 r5 k% o4 }
24. Symbolic lights
) m1 M8 r7 H( M3 K/ q3 W 25. Displays of portraits5 Z+ R6 Q; T5 i
26. Paint as protest8 Y$ A5 J9 _8 a! D& x
27. New signs and names
' x/ o. n& W* F 28. Symbolic sounds
9 N7 j1 I, B$ ~5 U 29. Symbolic reclamations
/ [/ i& }6 x; ^* b. A5 R 30. Rude gestures
. j0 x: P; b( g) R
. l4 f$ C0 u5 j t+ o* c7 v2 {Pressures on Individuals9 u+ Y6 Y+ E- p2 H& l
31. “Haunting” officials1 n: Y' E+ y9 G/ h* T
32. Taunting officials
) [0 {) }8 V- y9 K- _) ] 33. Fraternization
( O/ _( o2 ]6 i. b0 { 34. Vigils
) \' _5 E, y6 A8 c9 ?: j" p
) ]* u; e( F' Z; Z; CDrama and Music
! o3 F' K4 d6 w9 e, \. v 35. Humorous skits and pranks9 S. ~# y' j0 x$ w5 g: b
36. Performances of plays and music
; W& P3 H0 G: ?; l 37. Singing
7 U7 {" I# f# g' a; |$ G; U6 P X5 T3 \& R$ q0 G" H2 a% @
Processions
0 y. o$ |% k G- Z) x5 V 38. Marches/ ?) V' T' I" s% f$ b% e
39. Parades
& _0 Q- m) i6 O5 u; v4 F6 D$ e 40. Religious processions
+ m/ B( M; V# s 41. Pilgrimages% s/ W: |. c" f1 z7 ~* N' y
42. Motorcades
( g& x- k, P$ ] e5 ^
/ V0 H- N# d( D3 c$ V7 }0 s$ WHonoring the Dead7 F& }6 u: m& Z. a
43. Political mourning
, \9 I, o# c5 u7 u6 B 44. Mock funerals# C# h1 k* B7 ]0 S9 `) u# `' ]: J
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ M# I6 W8 K' s1 W+ P; @& \ 46. Homage at burial places7 \ G. y0 z$ w
" G' {/ i% `9 k, @+ ^# _Public Assemblies
8 J0 w" G$ Z' M4 `6 F$ B 47. Assemblies of protest or support; p0 R5 m+ t3 {/ C2 }3 f
48. Protest meetings+ h2 j) ?0 ]7 O7 z/ n# B* m
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 {2 ?- d4 b5 h0 p7 r) D+ E A 50. Teach-ins
0 {8 @, I! v, q( M
7 e: Q" ?6 {/ N) o( l" {Withdrawal and Renunciation
; w4 t) B) l- k, C" v" f5 I 51. Walk-outs. j: Y$ W4 {, i; \4 j
52. Silence6 O6 a0 k/ E* M" Q
53. Renouncing honors
+ L2 Y8 h2 N" ]1 R 54. Turning one’s back
6 C( P1 C2 m0 b. C1 O- ], a
5 q! A0 c7 q" X2 y, a
6 \6 y# X+ \$ w" X1 g$ |' m4 I
' d, ^' [9 x0 gTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ b K# N) J1 N. _! s3 q& v H
& i9 i' G* {( e+ R0 u% f. ? 8 W. r0 c, @7 M" b; } _8 x3 G
) Q$ ?1 D, r$ c8 [4 h6 gOstracism of Persons1 T9 z3 J& u+ s9 N; k) c, U" s
55. Social boycott% i! [5 l1 V2 ^
56. Selective social boycott3 {* G' {; \6 i" x) L. Z
57. Lysistratic nonaction
& Q8 p1 |# b& d- K 58. Excommunication0 m9 n5 b! V" V) C5 W
59. Interdict" |: V3 K5 R* }0 g
0 Z: u4 N1 ^/ e" R1 \1 x* N1 x
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 p6 z2 [% o- P/ {$ K% n1 |
60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 A/ X# p* M3 c6 b1 f7 s
61. Boycott of social affairs
$ ]" ?7 p7 H4 s5 L3 t 62. Student strike
; u. }; K9 \2 \2 c- _% H! N 63. Social disobedience5 H1 P4 H( V0 g9 p
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! y X; N) `( j" W4 |6 o& F5 [ T# a( a- o
Withdrawal from the Social System
8 o; g8 k) y6 C9 D: p! | 65. Stay-at-home
8 P2 g& ]1 Z- o( p' I' z# s$ X 66. Total personal noncooperation/ s$ ^6 D$ S. _! S8 d
67. “Flight” of workers0 M; w' w# b; \3 S# b* S9 Y
68. Sanctuary/ P3 g: E! P9 Z, t1 B$ P
69. Collective disappearance. D) f5 C7 G- v
70. Protest emigration (hijrat), m) Q# a' z- h q
5 R8 h' H0 R/ S o5 _4 a; z! t
6 P z, S. \: W) ?1 g: B; n4 @" H9 m4 ^ t
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 X8 E4 q2 j8 `% n1 |
" B/ W" N; h( v# C" ~
8 i7 g1 H3 X, r8 x& T" C
Actions by Consumers
7 X: k" I0 H2 U# T: ^ 71. Consumers’ boycott* g. u( D* N/ n$ o
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
" @+ a9 Z+ N2 ~4 h) x3 | 73. Policy of austerity
. [: H& g. b% v: Q5 {: Z 74. Rent withholding- G4 M5 O/ D9 g2 ^( s5 g
75. Refusal to rent. g L7 ~$ J8 g7 _
76. National consumers’ boycott
! U0 g' @, I9 O( n- ~2 C 77. International consumers’ boycott
& c" M( |3 K4 ?6 W& E
% Q& G6 a) u# m% Q: l; nAction by Workers and Producers
/ h( A* x; O7 q1 Y4 }1 b 78. Workmen’s boycott1 J; ~( g! B$ v9 Y4 b; C
79. Producers’ boycott
! j" |5 `# N6 R1 d( Y8 I7 v/ A0 _3 {& ]& I! B: [0 F8 I" a
Action by Middlemen
- |- r: s. Y+ A& V. _+ T7 P 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
X# ^+ X4 N- D7 g1 ^9 u: S% d' U, i7 @5 q* ~: S+ v( E+ k, T# K! r
Action by Owners and Management$ V! p+ K2 @ w5 Q
81. Traders’ boycott) Y! E3 }' F6 u2 w
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! R, L* }: A' Q% z" ?) t. K9 ` 83. Lockout
2 P' ]- i7 [ g1 ?; s 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& w( P8 h; C# q( b3 v+ R7 w 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
# N. s2 _+ T" L2 X8 O* \ [, {9 Y7 o' O6 P9 C( ^8 s
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
3 x& X w, f5 z& [3 V$ R 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( j/ m; X: z0 f1 M% T) A7 ? 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 j2 j2 P" c( c- c: D) W# t 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
# l' w7 N- o' p6 |' D( _' M 89. Severance of funds and credit
d; q+ D u5 | `: S* N 90. Revenue refusal
7 l2 q6 ~" Q2 ] 91. Refusal of a government’s money/ V/ z4 ?* q/ ?/ E% l* }2 Y
) b9 m4 U+ O9 {$ RAction by Governments
- E" [" i) N6 F, t# Y# C1 [ 92. Domestic embargo; J' s8 A5 ?+ o! g: G. V# e
93. Blacklisting of traders
' |1 K; I. e, B" R. m* F. D2 U' E 94. International sellers’ embargo
) n& S j) l5 m$ g3 j 95. International buyers’ embargo
- I0 C: S& Z o. c3 g, p# y 96. International trade embargo4 Q- e+ e) f% a6 p
% e% b7 {) E- X! V# ~2 D; H l
! O/ j B/ C1 i% Z/ d8 k0 b" u7 ]5 U' `+ _
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 b1 r6 Q9 h P
0 a& u* H( c' y( j1 O0 [9 X' c# N1 t0 L
; T, _0 P1 f [/ qSymbolic Strikes
: Y V+ U2 N6 e2 B# ?) s' Z% n 97. Protest strike4 p& J. G0 t8 ?. P( z1 z: q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 j6 b* O* n5 {1 s$ X( y
# w% f4 _; U0 s! _1 o6 G
Agricultural Strikes
7 N- n8 u3 P; Z9 D/ ~+ I& |% e 99. Peasant strike
3 ~! ]7 v1 I+ B) j9 D S( ? 100. Farm Workers’ strike. q* |% U) o' [5 {
8 N* m! r/ o- n5 h" ^* J) S
Strikes by Special Groups
: i' z9 M- G: ~: x* O 101. Refusal of impressed labor
& |6 ?- K- @- _! R 102. Prisoners’ strike
6 }) ?7 Z! w; q6 V6 B/ [7 D0 d 103. Craft strike
3 A* [, w5 ?8 R) o. F _ 104. Professional strike; [* \9 {$ p; }' L' r" k3 V
$ H+ ^+ `2 Q/ T, z0 VOrdinary Industrial Strikes
1 A) E" U1 {1 h) K% D( k+ } 105. Establishment strike4 S& I# O+ x- j: I$ }8 w
106. Industry strike
6 Q4 U6 ]3 a- W 107. Sympathetic strike7 G9 y H2 k+ y; [9 ]' L7 A4 D
* ^; p1 {, X" s! \8 d4 o. W! X" z* k
Restricted Strikes4 G3 i& l" n, X
108. Detailed strike
! T3 I- [2 I/ z' q4 H% }3 o 109. Bumper strike
- o) _! c( ]. h1 g' z: L 110. Slowdown strike& P' w1 j% G/ |& K8 b% U9 [
111. Working-to-rule strike* }) J$ n2 U% w) Z- w
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% J. a! i7 o7 b9 v, g R: k: x 113. Strike by resignation# c& s5 r- F* \8 x+ V5 U
114. Limited strike
+ ^8 \ h8 h' o6 s0 O) R- r 115. Selective strike o6 T# x* S# v- |2 x+ V
0 U, X/ T4 P8 z0 y
Multi-Industry Strikes6 V( G7 r- s; ^9 A: j) F
0 L3 @' x9 L6 b O
116. Generalized strike
1 G9 a: X* b; ~7 J* b+ g5 v7 O
7 Z$ X( c6 m& @; h 117. General strike3 c3 d6 l' d) P5 r) R9 Q" a
Q2 E* i* J3 P7 J6 _
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 z7 M, H2 d# g; |$ `
1 f& y% o7 C( D8 u6 g- ]$ n 118. Hartal
2 F; L7 a: A9 L# u8 O5 C" r8 h4 c, p. N' \7 f- E
119. Economic shutdown
( C' h- r' A7 _) S1 B5 \7 ~. ?3 Q! I# v: j/ M8 ^
5 T u5 M$ A# Z* R2 b& X
2 G) V9 N9 O5 t4 e6 D: H# z) l# R. L0 M
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 i! e f/ [4 X9 Q2 n. L+ p8 e& N) I b
& s; \: Q8 y# ^$ s% A& I 5 x. G+ o8 Z t, Q' D; M
Rejection of Authority
! \7 a( R j& o/ y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# m' u A+ K0 N/ P 121. Refusal of public support4 v/ e `' m, k
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% _6 Q0 m% @' `& [/ ?* s; ]7 d8 T
" z6 i) t: G6 W W5 r9 J
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
6 z, I0 u. q) z4 o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies& P8 }0 N: O2 Y! G
124. Boycott of elections' v2 q* a$ D9 k6 r' q; U4 f
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 w( P7 `* s& B1 M7 {. q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' J# r3 X. O/ k1 {
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 k9 j* ?* O* m7 c* K) ^ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
g5 W) l; G% ]/ n 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* K: B+ k" l6 @& H 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 d0 N7 X! V. E 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 L+ U0 c5 s0 V0 z3 V6 h* h9 r 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& Y8 n# @! J Q3 J4 X- L
( ?5 c3 Y( D+ J8 k+ h0 _1 FCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# O* T* A3 K# l# f- ~$ y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance( e) D8 W5 t- t' Q: K
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
% H! l$ ?% V" |6 B! M 135. Popular nonobedience8 B5 Q, g( V# C* B, m
136. Disguised disobedience
% `( |' b3 v$ h 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( [9 C. N4 M h& ~, ~
138. Sitdown
7 b3 \: P2 ~" d 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- j' W# |8 R" [+ i% P- [. y/ h 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. k8 y$ A! D6 k! \9 K2 v
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 O, l# ~ s# N7 ]0 G& e+ O0 r3 |, ^' y
Action by Government Personnel
0 c3 _7 H2 Q* g9 X1 \0 g 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. e$ N6 g4 d8 d7 O) P" ^8 O5 { 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' D$ m3 C* U/ k0 h1 w2 A+ C1 ^ 144. Stalling and obstruction
; `/ ^9 E3 I$ S) d2 `7 ]' q 145. General administrative noncooperation
2 T# v3 P* _ y6 ~
% a9 i1 {5 n1 b) {* a+ M9 C% ? 146. Judicial noncooperation0 G6 v% ]. V( W( G S
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents1 w: T6 Y( A- t% i/ ~0 J
148. Mutiny4 Q0 c) M! ~# h+ f5 v5 H
Domestic Governmental Action3 g2 T' e( ^- P$ u+ O
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: f( l& g2 Z, m& A& K 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% f/ z, p, @$ g) L7 q9 b
% j7 H V2 ?5 a+ C' g. h5 @$ B+ vInternational Governmental Action' u/ [ X: T, q( r% n% e
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 X1 k0 E+ ?& \" N: n
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 U8 }3 D( L9 k% B
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 ]( T! g! E4 j9 D1 P f5 r 154. Severance of diplomatic relations k5 b+ e: y. ^
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. M* G7 {" u& V" w7 Y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 c3 c5 B, \* r$ K) O
157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 I0 n/ P$ n9 b( }9 z. I; ^; L8 U6 [! `$ B' n% k/ ~- s* V
" b" m, Y0 Y: V! u" T: D+ w& r2 E% S6 Y- a
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
0 f1 A/ h p% a- s5 f. n( }- k4 I( z/ h0 o9 w7 [; d
2 l8 a- {- e& e) lPsychological Intervention
+ R8 g+ H2 s; t8 i% w5 }% ?0 ` 158. Self-exposure to the elements
" G' t9 J, h% q e( C s 159. The fast
) v* u+ a: k# q a) Fast of moral pressure
/ V0 A# F7 s! j7 t5 g0 ^, K% [9 ~# t b) Hunger strike! g8 u3 n) ?5 H( Z2 Z* o
c) Satyagrahic fast/ a" z" I% u3 j8 V
160. Reverse trial
% \' @% u% l3 [ 161. Nonviolent harassment% n( m: i4 Z- B* N
1 r) [5 b: S r0 t/ C: y& m4 f
Physical Intervention" n& {9 Q9 l3 {& c* q" o
162. Sit-in
2 q* e+ c# |# h7 q; g* b. u# D 163. Stand-in1 r& q$ t z9 l( R
164. Ride-in
7 y4 k' E. c, d 165. Wade-in, O+ ~# Q4 E8 O7 _
166. Mill-in
8 K4 g; e+ ^; R0 K% q 167. Pray-in' F0 k! ^- `, L% ]
168. Nonviolent raids
+ }0 w' P6 J( W0 b, k# N, t q; Z 169. Nonviolent air raids. z% J, x6 L2 Q: R
170. Nonviolent invasion
4 u* N- r" J1 D7 d7 n- _* A( L* k 171. Nonviolent interjection
. b" { \1 \+ @& y+ V8 X- Q 172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 b' {4 x1 U2 e7 L- c 173. Nonviolent occupation) ?+ ~, F! w2 r/ M
. a$ N' [0 C; O; G
Social Intervention& y h2 O( M) q9 F% h- f
174. Establishing new social patterns4 f# p2 u8 L- t% J( O1 v- q
175. Overloading of facilities
7 t. N. C4 Q7 e9 d1 `5 d t: }% [# x 176. Stall-in
% s6 g1 c1 x9 |1 g 177. Speak-in
# `' D/ M# M" T, N- X" _ 178. Guerrilla theater
. L* |# R5 m$ I) I" z( N 179. Alternative social institutions
; @* R2 G" g* H9 \; t2 S( ? 180. Alternative communication system
: A) C; ]5 x: x/ l2 c. h/ F- d% o. h+ \% T2 K# Q K# u4 L
Economic Intervention
5 J$ @0 R; O, w! T( j, [1 W3 k 181. Reverse strike) T$ ^& G& _# Y: h' I* T* Q- D
182. Stay-in strike1 v6 g8 K- i* R1 ^ Y
183. Nonviolent land seizure0 k/ ?# R7 [8 q' M
184. Defiance of blockades% G6 O! U# Q9 k2 t. y- o7 X
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ `" O5 }, M" @0 W& _ 186. Preclusive purchasing
7 Z/ y0 Z, N" ]2 Q 187. Seizure of assets4 i$ A+ P( E+ s
188. Dumping: }$ F" Y, H- R. ~
189. Selective patronage* y) r- H K- n# V I3 A
190. Alternative markets
% `7 {' `( {! M3 _ 191. Alternative transportation systems
& H5 A2 j; u0 V) G 192. Alternative economic institutions
% K7 ^; H$ a2 `! p+ Q4 G& |! _! v" X# a9 r5 C! w9 y
Political Intervention
1 {3 x% s$ d8 S9 v 193. Overloading of administrative systems
& t$ t6 P% n8 h: J 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 ]7 y6 @; p+ B 195. Seeking imprisonment$ d) }4 ]7 i& O6 ~0 g# R
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) D9 u# z1 p4 V) q. Q2 h: g1 v; E 197. Work-on without collaboration
) j, G1 E& c" J2 U0 ] 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. ?2 q$ B$ }2 x" M% S5 A
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
