 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 i0 v$ j6 o0 @- a
Formal Statements
4 N/ X" `) K: \. x& O9 K 1. Public Speeches6 E. V) [- l* [ {! U( l. ?- h
2. Letters of opposition or support
5 N; X4 I+ {' {3 O 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ k0 ?: X/ |7 f# m, U1 x 4. Signed public statements
2 p+ N' c. p' _+ f 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
3 T0 k! E5 J# {7 |6 g+ Q1 L6 X 6. Group or mass petitions
- J4 S/ ~( @1 g: J* S/ m( g3 |1 Z5 X" K" k. G8 H/ X
Communications with a Wider Audience! n8 f- F# B2 z% A
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) ? F! F" t; N+ ]1 w$ r5 c4 N 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 [3 G O7 h" n 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( G' B9 v( }' c 10. Newspapers and journals% `, X* j) F% X: K
11. Records, radio, and television
0 S& z0 |2 @$ D$ S% h8 c 12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ m* N, c/ N* s8 d$ ~- U* H
- F+ U; T+ R O/ o0 s6 K8 T0 N
Group Representations
8 V. r7 h. y6 a( c6 @ 13. Deputations
; D: N' D; j3 y 14. Mock awards
. m% \' F2 R" c" Z* T6 k0 y 15. Group lobbying
; ~7 ~8 F* `+ h6 @3 D 16. Picketing& U; z2 v* g# E5 H
17. Mock elections
. Y$ Z% Q7 O/ a( w' }+ |# e5 m& ]+ K6 x. m2 M- j
Symbolic Public Acts
% H3 ^6 Z; d ^4 z7 j 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
2 d b5 e) | L4 H$ V W" A) O 19. Wearing of symbols
2 G* }8 ]+ u% r9 s 20. Prayer and worship
* G3 M+ q7 O) [% o 21. Delivering symbolic objects
# l5 W& v; y+ d/ `& s' o U3 b) b 22. Protest disrobings r! z j% r2 u& n0 T, @
23. Destruction of own property! H" N9 ?8 e/ K" o
24. Symbolic lights
( N5 g, L9 p& M3 I; \0 f- V$ R$ W5 W 25. Displays of portraits
$ S. G" j1 @/ w* F2 A% {. K 26. Paint as protest
, G- S4 ~. k | N 27. New signs and names
- g' P* p( `* C5 a" ]8 `7 ?. [ 28. Symbolic sounds
2 V! X/ E0 D! t" |9 [ 29. Symbolic reclamations
( L+ M m3 o) I1 j# o: @3 \; { 30. Rude gestures% B+ k6 o8 h; |* c1 M3 f+ T
! b( d. n) n1 o( G- v3 G3 i* P" q, b8 ` i
Pressures on Individuals
3 r- F* e6 g/ t) [" T* T 31. “Haunting” officials
3 G7 A1 {& D" s( g) k6 ^ 32. Taunting officials0 C6 N. V7 i8 k8 M( o
33. Fraternization; f9 h- m- |2 Z
34. Vigils
; e! F: j6 R) x1 v Z: U$ Q `/ C' B
Drama and Music( m! X* L' a9 f' n2 C$ }2 I
35. Humorous skits and pranks( l9 f( ?, k n0 b, p4 o/ a
36. Performances of plays and music
: h. \; U2 @! C# C' \7 v 37. Singing. C6 x4 F& C) z9 C: ^
$ h9 E: c6 Q7 ~$ V/ I. SProcessions
" r( n. ?+ }7 E: ? J% w 38. Marches' g+ u% m3 n1 B& A7 S( i7 d, ?* m) o
39. Parades6 a6 P. Z0 ~7 L8 o
40. Religious processions
% ~* N5 g2 I- i; o( d$ L 41. Pilgrimages
! ]& J5 ]$ ^& X" V 42. Motorcades
8 a/ i8 _) B2 L, X' G H1 a3 E
5 I+ q" e" s0 c, E+ Q2 `- {Honoring the Dead
( _. ~5 G( }5 P) D 43. Political mourning7 x9 U% T& {! E3 A7 U; R
44. Mock funerals0 q3 l9 r$ `: C! l
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ A7 G( B4 U4 q& @ e% N% V( A9 T4 l 46. Homage at burial places. j( M1 J; P. A( o% y0 [
* K- Z; j8 H" y# I5 T4 dPublic Assemblies- a, ?" `' T Y# o+ {
47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 J* @/ p# ~' [7 e2 v8 F 48. Protest meetings. q* m2 W5 q! A
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 Q3 y# F- L3 q8 c3 c7 m
50. Teach-ins
" a0 y3 I7 N/ t5 H1 k4 X# I
( O# E' I+ X/ G/ }+ z H1 v1 GWithdrawal and Renunciation
, i$ E. ]8 A, ~ m _4 G/ ~ 51. Walk-outs
! M# ^% o! D- S8 W 52. Silence
9 @5 \+ ?" c3 p4 e 53. Renouncing honors# `. g1 b3 ~2 e4 V/ K* m
54. Turning one’s back
S9 @/ w7 a: X0 d( I _4 k6 ~9 ]( b/ B% P! S: U; ^0 O9 k
4 d" [- Z' G/ e! H
' j, U m- M9 X1 U' P( nTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION3 x2 a; B! I% Q' ?6 O b8 c
1 |3 H) } s4 D8 @7 D/ P# [
2 w' h6 E' @: T9 {" W. L
, E4 V: j, [' x& IOstracism of Persons
* \2 |5 l) a w/ Q2 H+ a3 l: S 55. Social boycott
& w4 X% p3 \- w' @+ i( ~2 | 56. Selective social boycott
/ `0 O6 O, j1 @( N& d 57. Lysistratic nonaction3 \6 T6 H# D; K
58. Excommunication/ o" b: ~2 @$ Z) j% S& w1 b' Y
59. Interdict
; Z" m4 j7 Z* |1 D7 z& r7 d1 W# \- m" T
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ u$ q3 i- B K( \4 _
60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 k0 V3 V0 C2 {% v; t
61. Boycott of social affairs
$ g, p8 c: ~1 f1 _& O8 |0 l; Z2 Q 62. Student strike
% w# l: z- l n$ h$ d 63. Social disobedience
_' K2 n! j/ t 64. Withdrawal from social institutions% }5 |1 O) w/ G! T9 ^3 r2 M w( A
' M/ Z m4 L/ a" I S* XWithdrawal from the Social System1 d% J* ]; N6 D( ^, _4 l$ \
65. Stay-at-home' g+ Z8 j. W7 O" a. K5 N
66. Total personal noncooperation
8 h3 A0 A, R. b8 z, U" a; d 67. “Flight” of workers/ L+ F1 m4 j* s1 u: e8 \8 Y# W: k# [% M
68. Sanctuary
* H* t0 A& J6 [ 69. Collective disappearance$ m# H; h8 \. c. d$ F
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ ]6 \9 b$ r5 n
+ H. U0 D1 W5 A1 v# t: Z: Z 2 K0 ~% W& V6 ?- O4 k
Actions by Consumers: M9 {) D, p7 L3 o/ X J
71. Consumers’ boycott" [ V/ [+ J$ ]$ A
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ N9 t0 y) a; D7 c( p# v 73. Policy of austerity- `+ ~% @+ e; S+ j
74. Rent withholding
8 ]* g* x1 @* o* A! q 75. Refusal to rent
# [! ~& P* a5 r7 P: g 76. National consumers’ boycott
" [5 [/ D/ L. u$ b8 y. ~/ o 77. International consumers’ boycott
* U0 R# }1 n# g t" K$ d9 ?6 H) X; c- X6 t5 T: _
Action by Workers and Producers% _% L4 X0 h1 U* @. f# d* L4 C j
78. Workmen’s boycott5 v2 Q% |, x8 Q9 m' g
79. Producers’ boycott9 V6 R# L4 c F2 Q- g! B1 w2 ^! C
" E1 G' a1 O% h7 t( {# SAction by Middlemen F1 |! z/ i- J9 O* d" q9 W1 B1 H
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- h* c* d4 P" r( O" i8 s: ?) J. e- l
, _4 N- a2 P0 c p- v' ~Action by Owners and Management' M! w: z; P. M' e" u W
81. Traders’ boycott: L; M. R6 X% b# w S7 }
82. Refusal to let or sell property$ g: r" z& B2 T9 v6 d3 R% E
83. Lockout C6 n" |: Z; ?8 x/ T
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: x6 f' s* J6 u7 V% y2 [; B1 y7 b 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ J. q+ }# _7 {& j6 H' n0 l" x* ]5 I
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
! d& y" D+ _' I- h; @- U 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) ^) J9 |$ i! k$ M9 f9 U
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 v; S$ C2 F" G 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: \) r( P4 m: _2 Q% A$ ~ 89. Severance of funds and credit5 J! K, }! L s3 U
90. Revenue refusal5 K$ Q- z0 s& t/ B: N, W7 u/ }+ {
91. Refusal of a government’s money) `+ w1 I7 P. _
1 B* C* `2 B: I4 F. @2 [$ X( T7 vAction by Governments2 [; Q: W5 T7 L- p
92. Domestic embargo
" ^/ K' V& G8 S; x+ j 93. Blacklisting of traders# n- [1 a# @# c9 z2 k+ p# N$ s3 F
94. International sellers’ embargo6 r: A+ {5 X0 Q- V6 R( |9 u
95. International buyers’ embargo0 O9 |# V5 I. ]- R1 [
96. International trade embargo- R2 ~. u1 a' @ T1 h9 }2 s
) _4 }# }! k' C
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4 p- u5 F6 Z+ S g3 p/ {& T: yTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE* z8 r( d# O; j! n, s1 M6 f
4 F) Z% }+ |- Y, n2 C
* N9 C& V) P+ ASymbolic Strikes
9 Z3 E. z# Q$ o 97. Protest strike; W" [( b: {8 x7 h
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
4 D, o$ o# t0 s( z9 Q9 w. R& X, K' L' E; h8 v
Agricultural Strikes6 c& [% q9 a7 w' @: t/ v% K
99. Peasant strike/ F2 r( ?' a" y) \
100. Farm Workers’ strike3 g( I2 B' g W( V. [# W
$ r/ o! Q! o" ^! U: _9 k$ G
Strikes by Special Groups# } W" |. G% @
101. Refusal of impressed labor( ^, {5 V( q9 d- U9 K* _% b0 {8 c) {
102. Prisoners’ strike
1 Y, e! @0 N9 d% F' M 103. Craft strike C- D2 C" X0 W7 X1 X! o4 g
104. Professional strike
, A1 G& n# N! q5 C; l! t$ i) s/ v' s
+ h+ [7 K, M- q1 AOrdinary Industrial Strikes i2 P$ F# d; Q, h
105. Establishment strike( g ] _8 M% K' }6 z3 c
106. Industry strike
3 I- g9 i( d: u m% B3 w 107. Sympathetic strike
2 Q) X& |1 z1 Y7 G" H2 X7 ~) q* t; ?% `7 `0 i$ r k6 y$ o
Restricted Strikes
7 b5 b, V3 y. d. q& V3 v 108. Detailed strike- t) I) S; b( w! }4 |4 j
109. Bumper strike0 N6 x( t1 `/ \( e: S
110. Slowdown strike3 ^2 M! L. I O% m2 c4 V8 \3 D' c* P
111. Working-to-rule strike' j4 X$ t2 _0 W4 T9 ?0 _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% K7 k# ~3 L3 ?, Q J 113. Strike by resignation6 l0 \& @& ?, \6 q/ U# C z) n
114. Limited strike
+ b* T. I2 T; L& |$ j. g 115. Selective strike
3 P6 D+ [* ?5 ^. u% N! _/ z8 K% \. t2 v& Q; w' I
Multi-Industry Strikes
4 t7 w% B+ S/ ^/ V0 H( a A0 k2 n
1 {. U7 L9 G0 Z* H+ g 116. Generalized strike
$ f( G* q& o" t/ l$ c! ?. P, O8 X7 B1 r l3 {5 P6 O
117. General strike. s! D) x! ]# j) V* `' ^# H
1 h; ]6 ]& l# p) t3 x3 M& k4 C# H9 [Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 f+ {: O H. q! B) l( m4 Q- ?8 {5 h l
118. Hartal( X7 a$ G. u+ N7 }& e/ k: u4 y
7 n( v* U2 }- q
119. Economic shutdown
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7 a* O% y$ s& `% |. {; W; E: L9 E K/ M
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 @) l" U; }7 E+ V ?3 f 4 V' `# I/ K) q1 _! F
Rejection of Authority3 T2 d+ F: Q, z: F
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 Y/ r2 }, w% z2 }
121. Refusal of public support& Z" Y/ E- S" S" \! j7 R5 z* G
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: S, O& E( @7 l- a
; m3 t4 A$ c$ @0 y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
! a( ?) K) k) |* o0 f* c3 U 123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 ~6 ?2 ?) G7 g& X/ M
124. Boycott of elections# c7 Q2 f4 s' J+ }) s7 V: ]% U! E
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. a8 x9 j; a3 ~+ r- r' r0 X 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) X' H, h# S; E+ E. M$ r! A9 r/ I1 {
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" R$ s# ~! Y& I- Y K# N
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 H$ ~ T) I% Z" g7 v' T
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 m/ f7 y) e2 l3 O, r( O9 ] 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 s( p' P$ n ~ M& p' \3 j e 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 ^% C3 h! y# ~; z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
$ }" ?2 K* f8 m0 a! A2 x( w
% F3 z4 M C, y+ ]6 M# H6 mCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 b- D) @/ Q4 J' z" ~5 F9 |2 q; N
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 a$ j- d! M0 q; G 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision. A2 g$ R9 |" l! H! W* z8 x
135. Popular nonobedience
/ k- i7 _4 K+ g) K* a- A- i 136. Disguised disobedience0 @; x# ?; ]1 V/ V9 H; U E7 b
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 e0 f3 W1 j4 ?5 m" W" E' K 138. Sitdown7 F5 I6 A/ ]' @2 p) K
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* R$ C/ `+ e# ^. Y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! y6 z, ~2 V# N# A4 X9 E0 b1 x
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws- P# h( o+ ]8 b" |; N
' C- [& I0 v5 XAction by Government Personnel* u8 ?3 a7 V1 u
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 o- ?9 G5 U2 H0 z6 r
143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 _! I- ^7 H- q$ _1 W B. F
144. Stalling and obstruction- B7 v, L" L. m4 B
145. General administrative noncooperation
7 u6 O& ]3 v; D; r! H. A- B
5 Z) i0 ^# N- q. Y0 @ 146. Judicial noncooperation9 ]5 @4 H4 ^$ f7 ?/ Q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents9 ~# d) P) `' q5 B" |5 H/ V8 y
148. Mutiny. w. J! }0 j& J9 f+ d# q( u! N7 ]
Domestic Governmental Action
$ T" s0 ?: j! Y( w. O6 i 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# X/ e& X4 i) W6 E- T/ b8 g
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 C' l Q1 C" d7 i- w* a7 z/ `& H! \) t9 x+ s, u8 f
International Governmental Action- c5 N2 Q+ z" j5 y! |
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# T* B9 s3 a/ ^: O1 s 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events( K" P$ l: v/ D% _3 z
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 e# E7 ~# ^, M& f3 w+ W; C
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
2 a7 `4 E/ E! j- f, L+ m 155. Withdrawal from international organizations& M+ G- @& _3 p% }
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ \9 P5 T3 F6 W) _7 f( t6 M* l 157. Expulsion from international organizations
: F( S3 `3 ~1 d( [; S) \ H @8 F9 _$ ^$ X
; V9 m- w) B0 n6 [2 K; i; ]1 P, D7 L
, @+ H a& `, |" B6 yTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. V8 M {, H/ A, l' x6 e; g- S
" a. z: x0 j2 X! G+ t* K( l
0 }, U7 M! n- ]! @3 k* ]% r/ LPsychological Intervention
9 T2 G; r2 \ e- J8 C9 g$ K, j 158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 ?# z ~0 l* Y9 K! f3 p 159. The fast" Y. u' e' t7 |8 k! `* U
a) Fast of moral pressure
% ^: R: G8 @$ J b) Hunger strike
. c0 K9 ^% m# E z9 O; P. U c) Satyagrahic fast4 x1 a# ?* ^% }. Q
160. Reverse trial
, k- r$ d& w4 [* p; i) R8 h 161. Nonviolent harassment; V" r$ a/ j9 \+ ^3 b" f& I# l$ \
6 R3 b$ I+ j: N1 N8 T
Physical Intervention1 {0 Y% P, j: B2 Z
162. Sit-in
, ~9 s* B$ B" q1 P- V# v 163. Stand-in
5 v M2 c+ E1 ^- ^: r, B$ q% [4 } 164. Ride-in
0 F0 k/ {7 w1 P( n5 Z9 @ 165. Wade-in9 u& b4 _' A, M& P8 w; d/ }
166. Mill-in
7 v: X" C# Q o I3 r! i) z' g 167. Pray-in7 R5 V$ q8 B9 B7 z* s6 T( Z
168. Nonviolent raids
. J( k( c5 I% A( C9 t0 I, T 169. Nonviolent air raids- K% ?$ ]! o! d! Q# Y2 h
170. Nonviolent invasion7 U3 v8 E- N- r' V$ [
171. Nonviolent interjection
/ ^% x1 X. Q9 o6 j 172. Nonviolent obstruction& h# X) I! z! {
173. Nonviolent occupation. B7 |2 w" n( ^& p
; l' `* Z1 I- m8 b( G& USocial Intervention' V& y4 r0 [6 \- q' Z& ^
174. Establishing new social patterns* a! t8 C! V7 h: c3 r. R& S# T
175. Overloading of facilities p6 c/ ~- I* F5 ~% J& a- X
176. Stall-in
" g8 H/ Y+ e/ a- e0 G0 {9 K 177. Speak-in
4 B1 `0 I0 q( l9 D& L! @; r 178. Guerrilla theater p2 K3 T: G* M" _5 |0 V( \
179. Alternative social institutions$ K. ^2 r+ o7 \
180. Alternative communication system
5 W8 M' Q8 a0 s
3 c+ T0 K4 ]$ i$ {3 [# vEconomic Intervention9 ^' P" D# d7 Z1 e8 K& @
181. Reverse strike# f" t c9 ?4 M/ i+ d' U' c1 n6 `
182. Stay-in strike
* |: z9 F" n3 O* ~' @, Q8 l 183. Nonviolent land seizure
/ w4 a+ P5 Z3 t/ {6 ?& [) V 184. Defiance of blockades
6 w5 L; T: `* g$ Q! L7 C8 v 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting9 ?% l3 r0 u! k5 q3 G+ Y
186. Preclusive purchasing
" N. Z; [, x) D8 R& V8 d+ S: t 187. Seizure of assets
: F5 D1 J3 Z4 [( Q* E' o 188. Dumping
3 L F5 N5 i( K9 {. g 189. Selective patronage
5 g0 }; ]$ Z3 E 190. Alternative markets* [; Z0 ]2 B1 U; _ W. _2 N9 D
191. Alternative transportation systems8 B& z$ U/ S# t. g! ~
192. Alternative economic institutions1 P, Q8 h6 L9 s" @6 @
& [4 L" }6 P8 A" I+ Y3 aPolitical Intervention
* W" G3 v% Q' N 193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 p3 f. Z: P" q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents% M% k# U* ?" a+ Q$ f \4 `- s
195. Seeking imprisonment
/ j" `5 Q6 U2 k, Z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# p9 c9 z+ ?! B2 O/ |/ o
197. Work-on without collaboration
. p, g9 Q2 r' U8 M# q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
