 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 u% d, l+ d( F3 J
Formal Statements
& y9 `# N- K* d: p: c, e4 r( X2 D 1. Public Speeches
( ~" S+ O% n- i" @. n3 g 2. Letters of opposition or support
. }6 E7 B' n2 P7 }2 u2 G& S 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions2 T# i1 C, h; w$ Y. x
4. Signed public statements
4 I' \. e& e/ x% Z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
0 G/ o% F* U( L; Y 6. Group or mass petitions6 O% m7 {; }8 q# W# J0 I0 ~
$ L7 Y0 n' H+ M: x+ a! d9 E& rCommunications with a Wider Audience4 y/ P- j( b t3 s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ ~8 T n' ]) m! K 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications4 H8 p6 W; ]3 x' i0 j: i' F5 i
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ {2 p! s+ P. J
10. Newspapers and journals
& l7 r* R4 {; u+ N0 o$ P+ k 11. Records, radio, and television
4 A2 g/ l2 Y. B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 S3 W, b$ [ k0 [5 ?: o5 E
. o( Y1 e3 N* C; vGroup Representations
6 c, t0 O$ S: O- R! C3 V 13. Deputations- i1 P5 x) ~7 x' H
14. Mock awards- z: p( c- r$ } x3 m: S: w( D9 J
15. Group lobbying
4 Z% ]8 o5 C1 I7 ` 16. Picketing9 ~6 j0 u0 a4 D, V; L2 M. g
17. Mock elections# ~- [. D- w! W. l% y' o4 _* p, j4 i
7 [7 i ]5 A1 i3 e) Z6 G" `( A5 PSymbolic Public Acts7 q i- x1 k7 Z7 u- ~
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" l: r$ P# m1 {1 ~; D( l% ^! F9 v
19. Wearing of symbols
3 Q3 ]7 b* m/ G% `1 O9 p2 R 20. Prayer and worship
- q9 h$ A7 O6 e, L$ N- v! f 21. Delivering symbolic objects+ _$ y+ _* T5 ]: b- U
22. Protest disrobings/ e7 U( |: A* Q
23. Destruction of own property7 c6 }6 G) P. j# I) c4 V- g* Y
24. Symbolic lights2 ^" l0 Y3 ~0 {& {. [
25. Displays of portraits
$ _2 ^. o- g- {* E" n 26. Paint as protest/ B, C$ s7 c! N
27. New signs and names# s+ L: D. }7 x/ H% l
28. Symbolic sounds* Z2 N# [9 r/ X* W
29. Symbolic reclamations
1 G. f, [9 P8 t6 Q# H 30. Rude gestures0 Y4 T) }! w5 e( m
( ?8 |6 U' ^; [5 O4 `- I, _" r
Pressures on Individuals
2 M P. s+ |9 S# b; Q: T _' X, D 31. “Haunting” officials- p6 I% X0 X. X1 u+ h, m
32. Taunting officials
* T. R( u/ m! M9 a# [5 Y 33. Fraternization4 _& t& N# Y* l
34. Vigils
7 \" {4 @# r/ z1 q4 W% s3 C: d! p2 C% l& o W* S `5 M
Drama and Music0 ~9 `; O) I: R8 A1 @
35. Humorous skits and pranks O! Z O, C% I* o( u8 v
36. Performances of plays and music* v5 p0 W, _( H' ~( m+ R
37. Singing
~% y) } Q3 I/ ]$ R
' p" O% y: ]3 h( g. w) ^Processions+ V2 i% E- k* Q3 p
38. Marches
6 s, N4 X& B$ s8 t 39. Parades3 p' {2 z# q# F9 X0 K
40. Religious processions$ P y- a* f) a4 U; f2 q( e
41. Pilgrimages0 d. W5 W( A/ d: g
42. Motorcades
8 C7 W. @% F r" D4 e2 O* i
0 e6 W* j$ e1 n1 u9 s( Y, A# K% N/ xHonoring the Dead
& V) e6 g/ t& W+ p 43. Political mourning
1 a+ q7 f+ y3 b% |8 n/ g 44. Mock funerals
3 J1 v) C/ Q7 Z( { 45. Demonstrative funerals
2 m* j: j; A) p$ M. Y- p 46. Homage at burial places
$ j9 V8 P- i. J3 T6 P. t; P
1 B0 {* g" R- G# }) PPublic Assemblies4 n: {4 q( V' Z2 \: `; @
47. Assemblies of protest or support& f) s3 G: m! Z/ { C
48. Protest meetings+ m7 M( p% B g: z0 M
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
$ u; b2 @/ u! ]$ g 50. Teach-ins
( g8 ?+ L3 `" D2 J; d/ p; T
0 \; y; }0 g$ P$ t1 F; _Withdrawal and Renunciation$ z" w1 J8 y5 ~: t* w+ A
51. Walk-outs# ^3 [; i2 l# a* E h6 K
52. Silence
# Q! H" z# w5 Y+ [9 X8 d& r% {, | 53. Renouncing honors, ]! _. o) S* P8 a0 l+ T% g
54. Turning one’s back9 S+ z) e2 R4 V% U9 Y" W
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 e, ]/ H$ u! X5 C
. p/ Y g& K: L+ u( f2 B/ y 6 T8 ^1 C6 I* l
9 j0 K& O- B; xOstracism of Persons
* F3 {% Y* x, s4 j 55. Social boycott
5 U' M9 H% c( F+ N: D# ?4 c r: | 56. Selective social boycott7 C8 C( U+ g0 X$ ^. ~, [
57. Lysistratic nonaction
" [0 B, A( E* M& T) A( z; C- W 58. Excommunication1 |9 V. A% m6 u. ], w, l7 I$ d* h+ l
59. Interdict' G0 W4 {* S5 C g- p$ n
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& G: I2 e5 h8 E4 z* Y 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 M( b& U p- D% ` 61. Boycott of social affairs; F: E2 J* i1 j! y
62. Student strike
4 q1 q: B0 S+ P, |! ]4 F2 L( T 63. Social disobedience; ^+ m. G* w, K, ? T& X M9 t1 N
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 O! l; U6 ?6 b' l8 m8 }, L+ i
* U5 m. E' i" S9 {Withdrawal from the Social System, B8 P* r! }2 l) q$ N& q6 O9 U
65. Stay-at-home
|! y1 R1 h& N( l. ^+ ^ 66. Total personal noncooperation
: t K) d; M2 U9 }6 J- H# ?3 m 67. “Flight” of workers
+ x/ C8 V4 z1 T' ~. Q 68. Sanctuary
0 J7 u* w5 x. E C 69. Collective disappearance; G6 R2 a" B) h: F7 G% D
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 B, m3 c) [* I5 v0 ]/ V
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( s0 ~, Q4 |* ]1 s/ w8 m% H, A: T
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Actions by Consumers
" R F$ q' X7 z( a9 i' R" f 71. Consumers’ boycott: w n0 N; x! V, c( U& M! v( Q9 d
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 q" `8 V- X: H# d+ |. p
73. Policy of austerity$ d+ {7 J( V7 a: j& R
74. Rent withholding9 I+ @/ Z) l- @, m: a
75. Refusal to rent; X2 b+ A2 N3 L/ X/ ]; R
76. National consumers’ boycott
+ x3 ?4 Z6 p* R, N& K4 B 77. International consumers’ boycott
, `( G% S( b: T6 R/ o
$ A# t; M) Y7 m7 U1 L, a/ MAction by Workers and Producers9 B5 j* N) n0 \) q
78. Workmen’s boycott/ [6 V7 T( p6 a& b' k2 K j
79. Producers’ boycott4 W% z' N" M/ ^/ K2 ]
2 a9 x% N. o4 C* bAction by Middlemen0 [! n) ]6 C, G4 U* }
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# K7 _6 X: k I/ j# Q; B) H9 s& M( e& w3 p8 ?4 _
Action by Owners and Management
4 h1 P( E; q& E2 d2 U( [ 81. Traders’ boycott
: h' S- b: s% g. E# W9 [ A: v 82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 [5 ~/ G, o5 \0 o1 X% W: _ 83. Lockout- k5 t7 M- K$ H% w4 }5 m
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
t2 g( Z4 K/ e; j8 M8 O6 C 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: ~8 _$ R* X' n4 w2 z
4 i' w' x' Z8 M: F% b9 e' m& W! H* lAction by Holders of Financial Resources
" A& {! J0 H4 k0 V+ a 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ y" p/ t1 j0 W% R 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 M, `$ c6 ?' s. a# ?: Y
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ K! y; n* ^& w( e9 T 89. Severance of funds and credit8 |& M/ g; a6 ~0 B
90. Revenue refusal
: `, _) p3 r# y 91. Refusal of a government’s money
" }2 r `/ ]3 s9 B- `; Q2 |8 x* w8 i/ L3 P0 v
Action by Governments
M7 _ k. `( e# l1 N8 h1 T 92. Domestic embargo
! V1 T* z3 h' W' E* a 93. Blacklisting of traders
2 e# K: M+ v9 n3 {1 E1 L# q5 Q 94. International sellers’ embargo
$ y S' i3 e5 V. U3 D3 _) C 95. International buyers’ embargo
5 O5 C" W5 e5 ^) g- a 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& R, l! J. L9 a0 u# L, `: y7 x2 a
3 s( d7 o9 s, h* b
. B6 O& r# c* [; l4 O, { y3 uSymbolic Strikes
: W% y% K9 e8 c9 [6 M5 x 97. Protest strike
. W8 v) e0 h7 X0 |& j7 P 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, \) r. K$ M1 j: C, _+ g0 M9 x, B0 L: O' D
Agricultural Strikes# t( x; p% a) h
99. Peasant strike2 y/ Q) a* C, |# q, H0 ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 q& ]+ l! \; n% @ R8 }# x5 ~: M3 k! I6 |' e: Q# `! ~, }
Strikes by Special Groups
) |* U2 W) z2 b& S1 |! i 101. Refusal of impressed labor( t. N' t* v6 ?- S8 p3 z, x2 o& k) {
102. Prisoners’ strike1 z" C! U; y6 L' S& n; A
103. Craft strike# v; N* T) d* R' ^
104. Professional strike
5 k2 s/ v( S) x" R* U
R L( r' B$ X% c2 M. wOrdinary Industrial Strikes
" S/ V2 o' Z$ _2 A5 E ?& _4 ^& _- q 105. Establishment strike- Y, k7 a$ N+ h) s
106. Industry strike
2 G. K. Y8 L2 I3 l+ m4 j 107. Sympathetic strike. ~ }8 B9 w. Z! X: r6 X9 V
8 L' ?8 n6 @- Z: |) s7 P
Restricted Strikes
! M. w* N! b4 ?% q! D; V6 m* r 108. Detailed strike3 v! ]* S% [' T1 `: m! K" F! o6 j5 Y
109. Bumper strike
* C/ p+ u% w/ V- ~8 J 110. Slowdown strike$ f. f& a5 ]0 W/ J
111. Working-to-rule strike" k8 N) c( g- v+ X1 P
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), X" g$ I" n9 g& M" o
113. Strike by resignation! p/ `% x9 s( W& Y( r! z
114. Limited strike, x: ~+ D3 E4 A* x" _2 R- m
115. Selective strike
3 S7 M0 v$ O0 u! v% z; C: F; {: A2 C" Z/ L5 i
Multi-Industry Strikes4 _% L. n5 {+ r/ P
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116. Generalized strike
t z7 Y, [' S- N/ w+ c* l* k: B. \: x$ F7 N( l
117. General strike
+ c1 D5 B: Z7 n6 }2 y3 Q
* D& l* d4 \$ ^* W/ U5 k2 DCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures. ?0 n6 }2 R9 I
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118. Hartal7 n( w6 j+ B6 E1 Z" E
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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& H' v! t, x o* e: E8 i( MRejection of Authority
" j+ F& B$ y. D3 M5 ]3 c. X/ \1 I 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; `0 @4 ]2 p% ~2 `$ u0 h( E3 _ 121. Refusal of public support1 K/ ]) M8 Q, J( v- J
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 s C. ?" `! ~% K
! } d2 V- K; p3 ]" QCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 m, J8 u% r$ Y
123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 \9 `+ G8 ?0 m! G0 A" o5 b& G5 ~/ z$ l
124. Boycott of elections! L) F% f% } u: ? b9 G
125. Boycott of government employment and positions# d$ S" v7 G" C1 K. q w
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ a; `( [2 A }0 B. D 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" G! q2 H* f* a3 p O. q' x
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( I1 i0 L- O% A2 H
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 y; x& M# t5 k1 _' ^. Z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ ^ C1 f9 S( i% r6 k
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 I+ L6 V1 k$ `" _
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 l6 l% U6 o' K+ Q, q7 o/ C H4 A/ X- E; K' K! Q \& _7 U' q8 n
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 A& q, Y; d' x2 T/ v0 J# H
133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 g- m) \- t g# ^. m1 F8 @
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision V6 F7 s- u5 a* Q+ d; ~- C
135. Popular nonobedience" t; `, W0 {& ], G! B+ g
136. Disguised disobedience2 Y3 E$ f1 ~5 D( e7 z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% V q. U' s; J/ p, ]2 W, i+ S
138. Sitdown
# R6 ^6 d" w; J 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% w4 ]2 A1 L; g3 @4 N6 p# X
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ ?" }2 g$ O: z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws. r# M0 @4 |7 \) Z" s" C- T( E6 X
5 [( P0 F3 v( k' {- rAction by Government Personnel. y; m. ~9 k0 L, Z) R4 u
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( i( |& h* {3 {" y 143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 m u7 ]6 t+ @
144. Stalling and obstruction
s- p* M- X- l6 H( W& @% i 145. General administrative noncooperation
. M' k+ h* ~* y3 `
9 ?6 `/ w, q1 E( r' T" w 146. Judicial noncooperation- _. I* `- ?8 x- U* h) \/ i. N, }
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 ~ X" ~/ z; n/ u9 [9 g, V$ x/ i 148. Mutiny: d6 S2 r( Q7 a. B5 \
Domestic Governmental Action% u! z! b% j0 o2 ~
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 U( e/ z u& j: u. H 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action/ v- k9 F/ B' v5 [
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, A# X6 L4 S* |" o$ D) N" s4 r# O9 u5 K" y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ e" }7 `( I" }( }- J- u
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 b1 K% W( M, {2 k$ f3 z* J+ R* y: e
154. Severance of diplomatic relations* T+ G F6 ]' m m0 n- a
155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 P+ Y. w7 ~; B1 v/ e( r
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! u4 A1 \ A, J6 u! W0 N 157. Expulsion from international organizations
) \9 U* W, \/ _% I$ X, q( f) H+ ?6 b, @
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ R- X; i! o3 ^ u
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' t5 Y# y; U+ ?. ?5 bPsychological Intervention
3 g7 p) F! P2 o! h 158. Self-exposure to the elements
* X2 {1 n. J0 J6 b* S/ j 159. The fast
1 b7 J6 F5 h6 i) i4 J, K6 H a) Fast of moral pressure
1 Z5 |0 C3 \1 h" R7 `' C: } b) Hunger strike
$ W$ l+ G9 R5 K- P( T: W c) Satyagrahic fast
+ Z8 g0 U; p+ m' f& Q" i8 ` 160. Reverse trial
& R' O1 T! b$ x$ g! x* s 161. Nonviolent harassment' V4 b: y' ?# G3 W5 u
- B0 S+ _ r+ F- A) OPhysical Intervention6 C j/ g( _" f0 N7 N( [
162. Sit-in2 d/ |* l% [/ d, |
163. Stand-in% e# S- K2 N) d6 x6 M
164. Ride-in
8 W8 Z9 D7 c; Z& x/ W0 v' m 165. Wade-in l6 y z5 C% f" \- U
166. Mill-in8 |0 d# [6 w( Z/ F G% @
167. Pray-in: e2 o. U+ [0 B* }" D
168. Nonviolent raids; D [: B% |2 p4 P: V
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 W, ^$ _ [0 k S( j, w1 Z 170. Nonviolent invasion
2 V: n7 u' K$ z7 C 171. Nonviolent interjection7 c( x' U3 t3 X9 R
172. Nonviolent obstruction3 \+ `" }0 T+ I
173. Nonviolent occupation
, W5 `+ U: M: I# A8 F& ?0 @4 c
* T, i+ _7 r2 O- I* wSocial Intervention7 d+ v! O! K: }* ~, Q
174. Establishing new social patterns
3 B) v4 l, P* d$ n' `* C; w 175. Overloading of facilities/ n7 B. o5 J* U) g
176. Stall-in, x# q: A5 s( J& ~( M- j# ~
177. Speak-in& d' ] F# `6 t: m: O& C
178. Guerrilla theater6 Y' _* @7 _" `1 I; Y" l* W2 }
179. Alternative social institutions7 p3 D" k8 L' `$ a5 n! z" G. l3 ?
180. Alternative communication system! a. x) ]* U$ W$ o D& X
H3 p0 r" C. f$ _: tEconomic Intervention3 `: |" A5 F. t" H4 Y4 j& K4 N
181. Reverse strike, e9 [7 _4 m2 |: f8 i" H0 @0 r
182. Stay-in strike
% E6 C- h; ]$ K 183. Nonviolent land seizure/ m# f' g5 c# Q3 y
184. Defiance of blockades
/ e9 k4 H" C' @ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 W/ ?! K* p! M7 [% X& d9 k
186. Preclusive purchasing
t5 \; j! F" D& ?4 [& l 187. Seizure of assets
( `1 j* O* ~0 r, h 188. Dumping! B9 D* w7 M$ h+ m) k* `
189. Selective patronage
# h" F9 Y+ ~$ P' M$ z 190. Alternative markets* v2 z0 h8 @$ h0 I+ F x4 H
191. Alternative transportation systems
' X- v9 z+ b# P8 `& I4 D! c t 192. Alternative economic institutions
: W2 ?0 M% z& d5 I0 u
& D! t5 \. R) [1 X0 l, j! n3 C+ |Political Intervention
2 ~; |* B. Z8 j6 E) N, A 193. Overloading of administrative systems
' v s& a. D3 q+ i3 m* h5 b4 J2 d: X 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 ~& ~+ M: L& x3 C' j
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 _4 |$ K8 Q4 a9 x( B0 j: i 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 }* o9 M8 ?! g& O- E; q# n7 h
197. Work-on without collaboration7 V3 Q. T" q9 C7 q# _* |- j0 C6 s
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
