 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, p1 H3 q" G4 I G& g9 C# y9 V9 zFormal Statements
# P% o. i" Z! Z5 ?2 E9 y 1. Public Speeches
7 r8 s! P+ W2 Z% g0 `8 h W! Q+ }' p 2. Letters of opposition or support6 |3 I9 B* Y& [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ d0 w* Y( e" p& f; n
4. Signed public statements
- q1 X( f& V# H 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
' ~9 P A% ?+ J6 }$ Q( P 6. Group or mass petitions, ]9 c W7 n1 T; H. _2 p
$ c3 K$ P- k) s: wCommunications with a Wider Audience% v% P6 f3 Y( y* N
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" M' B7 ]0 L; I1 \: j3 S* {- L 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
e/ O6 ^, `1 X 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 c( C" Y! Q/ N( B. n% |; B
10. Newspapers and journals
! k- R: w( V) ~$ Y8 \: d4 j% ~& r, P 11. Records, radio, and television
% c" `7 K* v# U7 `; v! q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting( h7 k- e/ W7 U! a
4 ]5 M+ ~8 S. F/ Y1 mGroup Representations
, T$ j3 ^8 z& y$ A l5 j2 |2 h5 R A 13. Deputations8 `$ ?9 P+ w V' p" i- m
14. Mock awards* i' Q9 I) U& T7 `& B9 @+ a
15. Group lobbying! K6 {8 R- f: G4 k
16. Picketing
+ j7 q. U0 e( l9 K a/ A 17. Mock elections
. R2 x$ X0 {! K: |3 ?
( [: J4 R: c$ {' Q; n8 z0 WSymbolic Public Acts8 ^& R) i1 E$ N; |9 t
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ c2 u F5 O) c" ^1 O) T: C& r 19. Wearing of symbols6 Z% d6 \$ k% d& ^
20. Prayer and worship
6 @3 C, B7 z+ x# F- |5 W 21. Delivering symbolic objects! `6 n& ~$ |; Q8 {# z
22. Protest disrobings4 \4 i+ ^/ s# P# r( |
23. Destruction of own property
, ]( S1 n# o0 O' S 24. Symbolic lights6 i9 O0 n% q9 ]. ^
25. Displays of portraits
" B) O1 i7 \2 y4 J* h 26. Paint as protest
K, ~& g) y& x @* i 27. New signs and names
8 k- }" g7 N- K( G% N3 s. M 28. Symbolic sounds5 c: L" z, R% o. O1 j
29. Symbolic reclamations
( L2 u5 ^4 E# Y0 H 30. Rude gestures) r2 \! J& ~% m" t V. r
; L8 R, V! {7 yPressures on Individuals8 k s i5 H2 ~! n
31. “Haunting” officials
% k4 s2 c* k$ R) `+ s/ Q 32. Taunting officials
$ C" P: x. c8 n5 ~ 33. Fraternization0 G8 D2 B5 Y$ z% _6 e/ f$ h
34. Vigils
; x: Z! E$ K9 z' E+ f s
/ P& S% S* y3 a+ mDrama and Music3 ~! x" P3 m9 k! a
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ [* v, }) K3 C' H: J1 l0 s" D
36. Performances of plays and music
8 B4 k" p$ v" e* m$ ^1 Q" T+ v( g! ] 37. Singing; o! t! ?7 @* `( o0 T3 \/ i
2 }. C. N4 D' P! w& uProcessions
( Q, r% A! z' m 38. Marches% h. R+ \7 e" } t8 F T. D9 T
39. Parades& v' ^3 Q1 R/ Y" ~9 [
40. Religious processions
* A3 B6 w! S% m3 C 41. Pilgrimages
* V; b0 B! M' b: ~ 42. Motorcades
6 B1 E a! R$ }6 @4 ]
3 z, I, j! Q2 H6 x* r1 C2 Q! R" qHonoring the Dead
) |2 I1 W. h! Z! | 43. Political mourning! I) l. m: C- T4 I/ l
44. Mock funerals
. B; F9 Z) R5 `4 Q0 v, ?6 i 45. Demonstrative funerals' _% R! S; C* e; n# U& D6 Z6 U6 y
46. Homage at burial places$ ^& f: d2 B9 K. ?6 J
: E2 _, Z, }9 K/ k
Public Assemblies" x* {! |5 E- \
47. Assemblies of protest or support
: U+ Q6 X, X0 B( V4 M: g) L0 Q: K 48. Protest meetings# `, ~; ? P; b ?5 I
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 `/ M7 x1 u" Z8 Z9 k; F 50. Teach-ins
' }1 w* C8 r" D8 h& a. Y v% F& H( t
4 ?# p: A( b3 W/ L8 ]6 Y) lWithdrawal and Renunciation
! c, @* y: M) ^/ H" G* O 51. Walk-outs9 n1 _; O: x1 a6 f
52. Silence
3 G: C& P7 s9 Y/ ?+ I9 J$ h% K 53. Renouncing honors
/ r: }4 s4 c/ `4 |+ X 54. Turning one’s back
9 W' D% K" a# ?6 J* W" p4 m" v( K0 K& P6 ?8 Q* r
. s8 }1 a6 }$ z5 D! m& N5 J' E# \; o; p8 n. M! ]" f! V% N
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
% L0 X! K! M- Z' n+ v6 ]
1 J: B; k% j3 m/ l3 } 2 Q5 z1 ^" A$ G: {
4 O# t3 ^/ ^5 P0 T, N
Ostracism of Persons
9 _6 ~, c/ R7 G% R# x a 55. Social boycott s, J9 |) b3 J/ s3 _( U1 A0 E+ j
56. Selective social boycott
7 Z+ G3 [6 ?. z6 I 57. Lysistratic nonaction1 f# A9 D0 u4 v. O4 Q
58. Excommunication
* v! l- v4 y. j1 H+ e) b 59. Interdict7 `' C0 i+ v1 e: `" z( [% E4 t0 G) z+ H
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" H0 R/ J- ^* _: a7 ?, l 60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ d, ]! u4 W* G9 @' @+ p5 U% S$ l6 R0 A
61. Boycott of social affairs
& ]$ g. q# B4 n2 o! L" }! ]5 \ 62. Student strike
5 w# D7 U: D, e7 A2 Y" u 63. Social disobedience: \( d& L, \" X+ I. K% J) j+ k
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* p2 X1 H4 @! c" P+ @9 O, k" W" D+ {
Withdrawal from the Social System, m) s9 B, u) F6 w: ?
65. Stay-at-home
+ S4 ~% j0 g5 d& A3 l 66. Total personal noncooperation. Z' F$ ^8 ~2 q) Z. u! n) P
67. “Flight” of workers% \/ c0 g* \: B' T( H
68. Sanctuary
+ U n3 R, q% g5 \1 L8 y 69. Collective disappearance8 Y: z9 H" p1 k! q+ M
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
2 v0 t. G1 o+ ^
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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) t7 \6 K% F+ x. N+ x
! N/ v S. o8 g7 E6 ?- ]Actions by Consumers
& I9 F) w( B5 I& C 71. Consumers’ boycott
8 J# Z8 V* c" h$ g" D8 V/ |7 i2 Q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( S! x0 s6 Z- V2 y3 I
73. Policy of austerity
0 y3 V- d3 r0 h- w' h 74. Rent withholding
$ |( z0 c7 G9 p7 y, I2 l 75. Refusal to rent, Z* V* \- x7 z- d" _* R
76. National consumers’ boycott
3 N7 y: Y, i- q, J- Z9 ^( l, W& r 77. International consumers’ boycott
1 w" U( I- E4 y5 J6 G v& @% ~
. Z. U" q! q' x9 d/ V# \. X0 aAction by Workers and Producers
" @+ J# B8 l8 P) S$ b" H: g 78. Workmen’s boycott$ E. \* b8 { }" D, B# Q
79. Producers’ boycott
C; ~" ~! e6 P5 H- j) i% N5 `# S' M7 b" K& {6 X, c" c
Action by Middlemen
- W* s; s8 J* V) e" Z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ c: u. a% [0 ?* _
: P/ t. {" }. tAction by Owners and Management$ V2 W$ x" s9 ^
81. Traders’ boycott6 U% s& U6 L; i
82. Refusal to let or sell property( K1 S$ B- g* B. W) ~# x; M& I
83. Lockout
: Z/ Y8 r, Z: C" G2 Z2 A 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; s, }9 B2 e/ ?$ |
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 g) K' C4 [: h0 i) {4 ?+ w( K% G5 T3 I5 Q% g4 ]
Action by Holders of Financial Resources0 p( S0 H, b+ |6 P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 ` I$ x% y6 {8 V) s 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 h" p5 l- g) \) Q4 j1 `- k
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ y( p( x0 I# V6 y7 B
89. Severance of funds and credit$ f& j9 a4 i5 m* s. D
90. Revenue refusal
5 q9 m) P8 U' ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money/ d" X, m% n1 o( l p* T# [* U
7 h% V4 Y8 S2 B- f1 a# x3 \% T
Action by Governments$ z7 e* M& {) ]1 e7 S% Z
92. Domestic embargo) R. T0 D% l1 v- F7 n" g+ _- s- d
93. Blacklisting of traders* C$ L2 W0 O% }8 e& a
94. International sellers’ embargo& t- r9 Q+ O! W
95. International buyers’ embargo1 m. U. l1 W; T" ~: t- \
96. International trade embargo. c: z/ s& U9 Q
8 V; F' ], [7 x$ V+ e! \
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2 B$ F# Y$ Y/ C) A, p3 q# MTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ _4 o. c/ ^9 ^; c) F* X' S' N" t0 n* y
) Z8 f* I( M T m$ W
4 ^" d+ P# Q4 k: Y0 l& }Symbolic Strikes
6 p: B) |5 ~% G, }" |. c* v8 s! L 97. Protest strike* Y7 P7 B& O) d0 k: L8 Q- ?! ~" ^
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ h V0 U" x' X- ^
3 l" T1 l0 _8 T. h& ~# CAgricultural Strikes; c% M6 R. d7 G& y6 H9 X1 n
99. Peasant strike
) g# F6 {+ J% Q5 w1 u8 K! r. U 100. Farm Workers’ strike% N- F5 Z: v$ N N& O) R- f8 s
) \+ W* U0 Y5 M, _# H# _: ]( Q3 _1 v( UStrikes by Special Groups8 t& c- O) o% G, m4 q
101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 X$ ~$ L$ r. { x/ H 102. Prisoners’ strike
0 D# Q$ y1 K0 M; V" R 103. Craft strike; X! L7 p$ n! t% V, s3 W
104. Professional strike
2 A' f3 _2 r* q0 c( c& |4 b8 S. d6 }8 y2 ]6 t7 p1 U
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
9 W2 H. E+ }, n+ G: P7 o" e* N 105. Establishment strike% T; g3 T6 ] ]; i# k. G& R; s4 I! g3 _
106. Industry strike
( ?% v6 d m' p L( A& c. r f 107. Sympathetic strike
4 K3 F' H# _+ ^' K3 b& {9 y' ^
: G$ e: Z8 l+ Y+ `# d: {# kRestricted Strikes
2 H) R1 m) k" N5 H, o2 _7 W& H 108. Detailed strike/ T; z3 _# \2 x. E0 k$ S
109. Bumper strike7 C7 w4 U/ X% _) t
110. Slowdown strike
5 F3 q: o- U* I% K 111. Working-to-rule strike
5 a) J8 @0 Z1 h: b; H 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" u- y1 g( y# e, t! K7 l$ h
113. Strike by resignation
, W2 d* a8 P/ O, K! }' ~( o3 |5 ^ 114. Limited strike }) p! d! |) ^8 X& @
115. Selective strike
1 r/ V0 B% L$ |/ J1 G7 g u- j- O3 p4 t3 V& W. b2 h6 P
Multi-Industry Strikes' }, Y, F* Z8 G. Q7 i0 s
" m1 H3 I9 E q% d6 T# i9 t 116. Generalized strike
- {' G2 k' p7 Q. R! Y a. D2 I5 n) ]( q8 `
117. General strike
7 ^6 j! U, B. s2 W5 q
/ J1 a: ?+ z8 uCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures: y9 d9 [; E. K) v2 c
9 b! _4 J' P0 d
118. Hartal' W/ h: v4 {, J/ l3 H8 Q
7 E8 ]6 ~% L! {$ I& v9 x
119. Economic shutdown
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* S! q+ @* J( e) t4 L- @3 lTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION9 K+ [; w$ b, I4 C
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7 D- ?; f' _8 NRejection of Authority
9 A9 |9 i3 H2 \3 t* d# f3 W \ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 G1 W9 z- m _5 M
121. Refusal of public support
0 D9 H8 i7 Y5 P1 K* d 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
& E% q5 G2 i1 J
) t/ P0 h2 S5 f* c/ F( Z8 B5 FCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" R. ]1 n; g P! U X1 p' G 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" u3 f/ I2 {8 p; y' L' J& K
124. Boycott of elections
5 V# _, ]4 |7 A9 v- E: j 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
: d5 E* Y; D! h; \1 {! C 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) i& M! g( ?3 f* }4 B% D
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 N* E2 \+ V: J' X: u
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations* Q# C8 b1 R6 d7 E) D g
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 N) `: L5 A0 Q! r5 _
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% ^ [) _3 A" z& c& a, }
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials s# I+ X+ K) v
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! O1 U6 @0 H6 [7 {6 M& |& U9 N/ ?. q d* c
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; k8 \6 ]! X& V3 d J) q1 R
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, S* l( l5 Y1 [) u- o! h 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' D/ e @/ K, o' u4 z2 x
135. Popular nonobedience
& b& S8 u2 x' s6 T# q 136. Disguised disobedience
b8 k1 y b$ u- X$ m/ J; C 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! r3 T! S9 \ ? 138. Sitdown8 Y( [* a/ O* h$ l8 a5 B
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 X0 Z) A( P' N x' y+ d% x 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; ?+ Y- n' U; M$ Y* ^( {$ f
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! P( d! [" a, ]1 H
' b' f4 Z5 `1 u7 EAction by Government Personnel
/ S |! {( K9 c, G: u! ]) c# W 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
& x$ E# m; O7 `7 r+ M/ j5 V5 n% {* K 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
7 G( @+ T Y7 @5 `9 C6 X% e! N- i9 | 144. Stalling and obstruction' l* B* b& L7 u6 P5 d6 H
145. General administrative noncooperation
# R5 p, `9 U- M
3 X, H' P( G: ?9 z. N# _ 146. Judicial noncooperation
& b3 o* i9 M4 R. X6 g. D 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% A! L3 d9 r# S( o. v$ V P 148. Mutiny
; k2 K% V1 e" ]; k$ x0 kDomestic Governmental Action
: K2 m3 H1 T# w/ x3 D 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& ~) ]8 j1 g& G9 }9 z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ F+ p0 P% J4 p& s: ]
5 k A0 b- q+ ^2 s- P# D/ ?6 YInternational Governmental Action3 U; O$ p6 \9 t
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 i n" N0 a* B
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 ]" ~. S0 r# s* `* @ s 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 p* ` \ P5 f
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 I( N# e8 _ z5 D2 P9 ~ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations" K. K/ b' K1 m4 m" L W! {4 b
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. V( T8 Z* P7 r3 q9 s2 Y4 o
157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 |5 v( Q: I9 p% Q7 x1 g Z' Y
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 }4 N3 l- [& c [) C: J
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Psychological Intervention
" E7 @3 N% U# y( @; \3 [ 158. Self-exposure to the elements6 J# G$ E% n8 E( M
159. The fast
, F( a0 ~$ X1 |6 [5 q2 ? a) Fast of moral pressure; @+ I/ R2 A- y! {' T/ D+ O+ `
b) Hunger strike
4 F: Y" Z9 C: l0 z0 u# X c) Satyagrahic fast, g R) k+ A+ ?- Z
160. Reverse trial$ D- W9 ]* @6 k
161. Nonviolent harassment3 O) k$ Z9 b) u* l$ g
) u/ g& t. O+ Z
Physical Intervention4 |% H; e. `3 E* Y
162. Sit-in
4 _8 m! [) X+ n$ k) e5 D P. z 163. Stand-in( E: t) M: Z1 A) a/ z; P4 D6 n
164. Ride-in
7 w9 m# {1 D4 y! L/ z5 j/ `; s 165. Wade-in, j6 W7 ?- F" O
166. Mill-in
; o% ^" P6 k, y5 o" m 167. Pray-in
+ w! a: O$ z# n; t% } 168. Nonviolent raids
5 S9 N, U1 G7 y0 F 169. Nonviolent air raids+ ~5 N0 u& @" s
170. Nonviolent invasion- i/ @- r" t$ O- b7 L% n
171. Nonviolent interjection8 Z& i1 v+ J! r7 ]: j+ q
172. Nonviolent obstruction1 h8 M0 u( A% f* D# w- u2 ], E# v) g2 l
173. Nonviolent occupation
9 m; _0 \$ L. H2 V8 H* a4 W' A1 j' \, Z
Social Intervention9 C! z' p- f Y. Q9 j% `( ?
174. Establishing new social patterns+ y" |' x/ B& w. {& B
175. Overloading of facilities# v; N1 K6 v- F) O- A3 y
176. Stall-in
* Z5 }+ a) p- G9 ~7 d8 ` 177. Speak-in5 i' w4 t9 g9 a' r$ _
178. Guerrilla theater
* N9 f% k9 k8 m4 I 179. Alternative social institutions$ \# v. f/ x1 |1 |+ Y
180. Alternative communication system8 [1 K: P, Q2 P1 B' B1 o/ z! d
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Economic Intervention; w0 T! U. \# G" }4 r) f4 }$ p& L
181. Reverse strike
0 F$ u' x* c' F7 a& `/ h 182. Stay-in strike5 t/ H$ @9 ^) e9 `/ b+ L5 K/ B. x% t
183. Nonviolent land seizure/ }9 ?! v# v: I" ]
184. Defiance of blockades9 A9 h4 N. D* [! G$ Y1 }
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. v: t9 I- { C d0 ^
186. Preclusive purchasing
4 m+ z" c+ |' O% T$ r$ u! U 187. Seizure of assets
6 }/ v5 ^0 @! d( N8 G, L 188. Dumping
3 i- X6 T/ y! r, X% r2 F 189. Selective patronage
/ ?( i6 c9 U% }% S8 f 190. Alternative markets
! v3 S+ r6 D" J- o% |( ?3 E 191. Alternative transportation systems4 x, C" R1 \. f( p9 ^' F
192. Alternative economic institutions
7 f0 b/ |' j+ C2 L$ S, D: P8 N' y6 |
Political Intervention* }' L; E. T, n5 C
193. Overloading of administrative systems; J/ \, S# K" n* _, |
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( f/ p( [- s0 x( x
195. Seeking imprisonment
8 W$ z/ F3 R8 ~) c7 O5 q% [ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% O- ~& v+ F% w, L2 F
197. Work-on without collaboration
& L9 h0 z/ s0 F 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government& w" D/ ?# U/ q% V3 d( t+ L
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
