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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ K( |8 f8 \+ d8 f% N$ B, S
Formal Statements
6 c( H8 n3 z$ ~: k" S; z 1. Public Speeches
; u( t8 o3 x- L' R& U' t( G 2. Letters of opposition or support
U9 u4 e6 L% P4 n- X4 s Z3 x0 N* o 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 R7 Y( C1 u1 z N
4. Signed public statements; G1 u; w+ g$ O u4 x) q, \
5. Declarations of indictment and intention# S- D) z6 K5 i( p/ f5 n
6. Group or mass petitions) w& ^/ f2 {; \7 ?1 Z1 @
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Communications with a Wider Audience
6 [9 J9 h+ T- |/ ^& r 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. J, ^" c! q: c
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' y) Q* x$ {( K+ U 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' S1 @- }' U1 z- K! h! h# d 10. Newspapers and journals. t' L4 r1 a1 f+ j5 E0 B9 v; z( j2 \
11. Records, radio, and television
( X1 K9 W5 M6 ?' p |8 k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 W. \6 t) i; Z( B. | {% u% ]
: P5 U) H( X' f" W7 M5 B/ O. GGroup Representations
( Q3 B+ x1 d1 v0 D& p) @* E+ s 13. Deputations
5 I: H' S- x1 L! X/ m% e 14. Mock awards
: S' a7 p# A$ G7 u) s8 [ 15. Group lobbying' `4 C' I4 m, a K
16. Picketing+ w; }! W" M' a; P6 l8 B$ ]# |
17. Mock elections, g( R I0 v5 h
* \& a, ~$ e3 ^7 }3 r" B. bSymbolic Public Acts
* @, ^7 H6 q- ]% o4 D 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. w1 R; ~# M0 P 19. Wearing of symbols9 W- n2 q. A! a# Y M
20. Prayer and worship1 U; F& @3 h# {6 A0 r1 R
21. Delivering symbolic objects* n; f) k4 u! c( |
22. Protest disrobings. M7 A" D' l7 X: e2 f; ~
23. Destruction of own property7 n+ f% k4 X$ S! q* M8 c) p- Y6 Q k
24. Symbolic lights
* M8 \& u% T$ v) n' J1 v. ? 25. Displays of portraits) M/ I* c' g' v# M/ Q
26. Paint as protest4 E2 V" G' T9 o- h' J8 h
27. New signs and names
9 V# s; S9 u' N3 \/ |& ]6 B* e5 {$ S 28. Symbolic sounds
' B4 ~ _* [2 p& \# i& y# p4 C 29. Symbolic reclamations% ~1 c" C" q+ ]; d$ d- C; V( U' V# P
30. Rude gestures: ]1 \2 D/ {2 e+ j, e
* @$ [* m) {2 L% i0 TPressures on Individuals
/ c; _% l" z; D5 C: v 31. “Haunting” officials* q. P. o: n9 U5 \
32. Taunting officials: ~# q9 Q( ]+ u
33. Fraternization# Z' {. h& f1 n3 P' r5 Z
34. Vigils9 v6 Q k( \8 ?7 ~) \" \, J0 w& }' t! O
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Drama and Music
, P2 w2 b b5 x( K 35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 o. t5 _- I1 Y- P 36. Performances of plays and music
% H- v l" k" r0 `+ N 37. Singing1 l7 w1 p1 }. _" ~6 \6 @8 i
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Processions/ g0 e' l% \$ I4 @
38. Marches
0 [& b% k" y L1 h) L- ~ 39. Parades, m4 `( G( q, j- z
40. Religious processions
# z& V7 S+ y, r- R 41. Pilgrimages" V+ ?; O, \! t! H4 F) G/ S' Z4 f" a! @
42. Motorcades% t" @- N) B4 {4 G. c" s
- M" n% A, E3 s4 R* v {8 @( |Honoring the Dead
# C, r" J/ {/ ]& l 43. Political mourning
. @- a2 N& u4 N8 [' l 44. Mock funerals" B2 Q; S5 u4 Y* _( C- t, w" _
45. Demonstrative funerals* `8 z0 Q/ Y: R" B$ K, d% [2 I% i. @
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
0 s6 e- Q. v. Z7 l& H* Z7 @ w 47. Assemblies of protest or support& j+ p7 d7 y6 ^ Q* j3 s
48. Protest meetings) c; j b' x0 P, q2 e- G" }
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- M/ C2 m1 o: K' c, T1 M
50. Teach-ins
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# h P8 A, e- A1 pWithdrawal and Renunciation8 n1 X& u C, M2 U4 G5 }% d
51. Walk-outs4 X7 @ g6 @2 J1 [
52. Silence P7 \* P( E4 l& `& M
53. Renouncing honors
# ? }; [ e+ p9 J f( H- ^: e- l 54. Turning one’s back5 R) ]; @# X9 z; h! b' p
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons4 i) }' e& n1 K' j# e
55. Social boycott
* Y4 g; t) n! O- \* D! l 56. Selective social boycott* @: Q" K; A5 P# u' r& D
57. Lysistratic nonaction
. V. ^/ Z) w8 @# v 58. Excommunication
& L& g2 z& e* a/ q& b 59. Interdict
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! m2 N# M8 D2 q- [Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 ~4 c) E! W3 O
60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 F- F6 b- U0 ]8 _
61. Boycott of social affairs
$ R: w$ P/ k% y" r. c9 e% M 62. Student strike
# d! }0 r! b, d. A/ b 63. Social disobedience4 f, e# W3 b4 Y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System
0 q7 s: Y' ]: {2 | 65. Stay-at-home
) P( Y7 ?" A3 [- _ 66. Total personal noncooperation) y6 @7 r1 K6 \& G8 ]
67. “Flight” of workers
8 N% R0 u2 _+ V1 z 68. Sanctuary
% f3 o, l+ C- c( _2 T 69. Collective disappearance
3 v3 [; |2 e8 w/ a, X& ~ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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) y7 s0 Q, g$ c* ? P1 d1 GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# Y n2 `- }: v" D6 h0 f2 c
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2 {- |2 {, K @* z; `Actions by Consumers
/ m) w' ~# v" C0 ^8 ` 71. Consumers’ boycott6 @; \# v o& h; H" `
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- i- L' g ^: C 73. Policy of austerity
& R/ R( {5 H! W$ |0 c8 r8 l 74. Rent withholding
5 D+ c4 B$ A' g0 ^1 a$ ~% z 75. Refusal to rent
$ v1 r; `( k) O* Q! C! J 76. National consumers’ boycott
( f- Y2 m0 U9 z/ x 77. International consumers’ boycott. n; T' n f* D! s* E4 H6 g3 E# S
8 \( E5 Q7 [% K) X4 x: B' \" d7 NAction by Workers and Producers' j8 p* T4 ^& T. r' L
78. Workmen’s boycott! K! d8 B1 N3 B) }
79. Producers’ boycott
# k* K* ~% T' j% l9 j" r: \9 [) ?6 t& S4 i' j$ T
Action by Middlemen
6 a! b& k) x" a3 T2 e* [1 A( R' U; L 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 U% L, f8 k/ _- S9 D# N$ {
$ `0 b# Y4 ` kAction by Owners and Management
- {1 T1 e: A2 W& O" G' x' j, M 81. Traders’ boycott3 l2 A9 s3 N1 I' T! F
82. Refusal to let or sell property
4 V$ b9 B# B o) ]+ {9 Z 83. Lockout
/ P- x% e% G9 ~9 [; h8 W 84. Refusal of industrial assistance) @9 v; | b5 ?; x- a
85. Merchants’ “general strike”) d" a& i5 L2 o: x# J1 x) F( q' `
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources1 r$ o! k% M/ F1 T
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# }$ z, h& _6 T- m1 R5 i. C 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% T' f/ G1 A! d: n 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, h) n) G& E' q; A; D 89. Severance of funds and credit% K) B7 h) q4 u w/ C t- ]
90. Revenue refusal/ f1 [& j( B7 J& e4 [
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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3 H0 b# {7 k( t4 f2 a/ {7 VAction by Governments
, e: I( G- K0 |% {6 i3 j 92. Domestic embargo4 m6 T$ z8 c8 N, ^; y4 r- m: n4 T( T
93. Blacklisting of traders0 R/ S' l/ e: p A6 J
94. International sellers’ embargo
* X# ?; v) L/ t& S+ l) r6 S 95. International buyers’ embargo
5 q, Y7 O1 B% A" t 96. International trade embargo. o6 Q0 B2 B2 R( L8 q" [
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! Z9 k1 J, S/ A/ ^/ D2 p
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& S) I; T! E7 I( P, n) YSymbolic Strikes: @3 n3 q3 t+ ^( M5 A
97. Protest strike
! g4 \5 b, b) N4 r/ ^ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% j* X( @' R& b) n$ V" k
1 N$ O* c0 ^% ZAgricultural Strikes
1 ? _0 m5 Y6 ?3 k- ^! b2 A 99. Peasant strike
7 w- }$ R4 S5 v: c0 i/ t# C& K 100. Farm Workers’ strike
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Strikes by Special Groups
5 G: Q. \4 c6 ^! Q9 m- w 101. Refusal of impressed labor
( h, c- ]2 n* Q0 B7 R; ~& s 102. Prisoners’ strike
8 w; z' Y0 v7 L 103. Craft strike
7 A# y0 b2 L& O/ R 104. Professional strike
4 d% v/ m$ v: L' {: h, m/ H8 o! } s2 Q; ], D
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
, n+ w/ ~# P; L5 v: j 105. Establishment strike) Y, K8 Y& U2 c9 S4 q
106. Industry strike
9 z, N1 U* d9 `: V 107. Sympathetic strike
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0 G: \1 x% L" i3 mRestricted Strikes+ n9 f8 C! z: H
108. Detailed strike
G' S# t, h. {! _- n! M 109. Bumper strike
6 q4 ]# [% E% E$ X 110. Slowdown strike
. i0 u) t" h+ \' | 111. Working-to-rule strike5 o" s2 |& P6 d
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)5 I7 @& c- t3 S# B
113. Strike by resignation
: N' W4 o' Y+ k* ^% _ 114. Limited strike! X0 o+ X Y& o6 }" L
115. Selective strike
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9 i; F* Q& Q$ k1 {& y1 HMulti-Industry Strikes
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: ^- \$ o7 z+ k7 P8 c3 i( n 116. Generalized strike
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@7 Y, T1 o! A: E* l 117. General strike
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. F3 I# ^7 L* @# hCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures) ^, F9 i. X$ |# u L+ y: M* |
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118. Hartal) {1 s$ j/ W' {8 e% _) W8 t
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119. Economic shutdown: k8 y1 w4 w$ I6 g. K5 _& P
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# m1 L% ~/ P+ N: f0 s% UTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
8 z) L# ~0 |4 n/ y) Y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 a! [! p# G6 g( ^7 W/ @( e7 e
121. Refusal of public support
% V( x' ^ }1 {) T; W 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 l; g$ v$ k$ Y7 C. z" R1 X3 i6 }( k$ K$ C' h
! ]6 d1 C: p8 BCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government- M6 T, _; k# d8 o! J$ i/ l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
B( E# _2 f& _$ {! t$ P* R 124. Boycott of elections# t, ?% k9 A9 V9 M' P9 h
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% r ~* G9 m6 I! V& t$ g/ D4 ^5 x 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
4 C" _9 A2 ?$ W9 s 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions$ p |) \3 Z2 w3 R$ k8 V
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- m! g& V/ { T) A" E 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 y0 G/ B$ h* E: b. O7 h. I 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 @! j: M5 _# [: F7 H6 } 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials! E6 {9 j2 }3 o' c
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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$ S! z+ ]( p) v, E7 Z. l9 iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 e0 r+ M6 H( J5 M7 H% w! T 133. Reluctant and slow compliance' i4 t. m7 W3 a$ D- s4 ^) v, z. |/ S
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
N% U' Z, |0 I7 r 135. Popular nonobedience! W0 X: q1 u) b
136. Disguised disobedience
3 j/ M6 @& c/ j 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" S& E* I5 p0 g* V+ N0 ^ 138. Sitdown5 U. N' l1 q% M9 u% t& u
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- ~6 m( P; ]1 F* B; J 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities" p, v% {5 g S8 C9 O/ V
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel7 @' I7 B9 s" [+ b: N! z m
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. s+ `! T2 l0 [9 x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
?% F$ T* ?7 ^! m- ?" e 144. Stalling and obstruction
8 g+ B0 w" |1 J4 C 145. General administrative noncooperation5 y8 c7 I% f5 @ d
5 C. k; B- ~! X 146. Judicial noncooperation
4 b- r' }# M! B2 ` Q0 F 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& a. a/ ?, t9 X8 \; _ H
148. Mutiny
! l" x6 }* [0 }. w- j8 @$ r- EDomestic Governmental Action
+ A( @* V) P+ [5 r3 ^7 M. s6 ?' i( d 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
9 A7 u3 N2 ?' b& y# S# e c 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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1 V* `, |, W' {3 ~International Governmental Action
- |1 c2 A" Z$ t- X2 f 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 A8 o3 d' l1 X3 w- ?' r" Z$ G! Y
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& N% W" O u6 O7 w 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 `, y/ q5 C* Y+ d0 A" {! H' l 154. Severance of diplomatic relations. h* ~+ O Q; y/ V+ _
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 W5 d5 Q& ^( o+ ]7 ]* i: z# K 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 u% T! |7 I+ M% v! C 157. Expulsion from international organizations# f( w; N k: b) k
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: K# R' g# p) ~0 V
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3 z) R4 v, l! `4 ~+ Y! l8 WPsychological Intervention
* E7 |! M) ^! W- Q. Q9 g k% O 158. Self-exposure to the elements$ t. d. w3 O8 ~2 W
159. The fast8 @, u3 S/ U. Z6 s8 f1 M
a) Fast of moral pressure5 e. r, B- z K' A d4 i: D
b) Hunger strike
6 D/ j x" O* x" q! w7 a) O: o c) Satyagrahic fast; X2 Y, P# _, d3 S* _ E6 M4 c
160. Reverse trial8 `0 p: K6 |1 ~+ I& u
161. Nonviolent harassment9 B5 }3 K: ]$ Q) Y4 l5 {; n
7 h! h7 G1 J9 Q2 i1 J9 l) IPhysical Intervention& [% Q! s9 u& g/ o
162. Sit-in/ ^3 E; y: N( O
163. Stand-in
; B! w0 e4 a) P$ C8 m1 x S 164. Ride-in d* b0 ]- h0 u
165. Wade-in' Q: Q9 h; Z( A) u. ]# O
166. Mill-in1 t2 N9 o+ G5 _1 j# I% t
167. Pray-in- ]$ k- x- _& A J, r" ~
168. Nonviolent raids
# Q- S4 i4 Z7 l, S( y 169. Nonviolent air raids1 q; V+ S$ X1 I4 R2 H. t9 ^
170. Nonviolent invasion
2 H) @4 M; T' M; I0 w3 Q 171. Nonviolent interjection
' p1 P! M8 F! {. ] 172. Nonviolent obstruction6 M: u, U+ \0 z. p& |' k) m7 ]- Y
173. Nonviolent occupation5 z! D' V4 }; X( e0 V
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Social Intervention
# {9 B& T1 g4 g; ~ 174. Establishing new social patterns( i% }3 n- S3 _3 {
175. Overloading of facilities
4 x. A7 |5 p& W- g, C# J 176. Stall-in
! [: p% {3 z1 Q8 x0 G- l 177. Speak-in
$ [8 E& y2 A3 a! E6 E) b 178. Guerrilla theater8 W' E4 x9 F* e5 A, s
179. Alternative social institutions. l1 k7 j. a/ p% c1 L0 J& P% h
180. Alternative communication system) e8 W! x8 |6 z; G5 ?
+ ~0 w) k' \6 v# {+ \! [( UEconomic Intervention
0 ^9 N% y# a( Z 181. Reverse strike
; q: J2 j9 H0 U! J 182. Stay-in strike' I5 }2 A! E }9 n# w4 U$ Q
183. Nonviolent land seizure
; T! h- [% B1 X; w" A; u 184. Defiance of blockades
% Q6 U) n8 y. F7 N 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 H/ q$ u- T4 \% t; T0 g
186. Preclusive purchasing
? |) k" Y2 d2 i 187. Seizure of assets% [1 n7 B& {# T2 [5 R: z$ A! E
188. Dumping$ @ \3 v6 y: W- U, k2 b
189. Selective patronage
. R: V- W# I( B6 y' Q: C; D9 f$ a 190. Alternative markets
) g6 I( O. d. B' @# B3 n5 B 191. Alternative transportation systems
8 g3 U4 u @5 |9 O" v 192. Alternative economic institutions
3 W7 F0 m# O/ x- @
6 R4 A) i2 r, E+ MPolitical Intervention
/ Q- B; w. Y7 y, w 193. Overloading of administrative systems
" t5 ^+ i: v' n/ e9 W% F, x; D+ v 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; X- v/ O7 C) X6 ^) y3 k
195. Seeking imprisonment
0 p9 e: Z8 `5 U0 L6 U 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 | E: j9 M) k5 F. R; w
197. Work-on without collaboration. S$ g2 T) E: R; M: p
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
