 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, d) q+ l4 ^: @& qFormal Statements6 h8 B+ A2 i# y6 e( Q. K
1. Public Speeches; A% r2 O4 a: [( u
2. Letters of opposition or support0 x' {! m4 r2 _# J* N7 K
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 ?, V& `1 c( m$ G8 f. o 4. Signed public statements
/ l1 F" m1 `3 k2 \ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 T1 b* a* }) G. H- q' Y
6. Group or mass petitions
; P! B) Q3 }) g$ S; ]" h6 `
& A# c- D" U. m; \& N8 `5 JCommunications with a Wider Audience
9 Z* S3 A2 q, Y5 I! H 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 P9 I3 ? L& m# T
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# R5 [0 @0 i8 Y+ @
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! Y/ i0 N$ W/ \/ k8 J5 y# M6 i 10. Newspapers and journals j3 m9 i9 L& ^) p
11. Records, radio, and television( I' F/ V# t& S4 W+ t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" B5 X/ K8 y; ]$ B
' n+ z6 A6 f8 M$ C: D& dGroup Representations" G. |4 Q% F( q: A- Y! A
13. Deputations* B* `3 P: R8 ?' P+ [. V& h2 F
14. Mock awards+ u& E! f' y* P5 E% v( y
15. Group lobbying7 K0 r& @- ?& g
16. Picketing
# p8 T# a9 j2 {# F0 Q( F 17. Mock elections
" s) w) R" l m; Z5 c; T6 p% A- s& G# [2 _* X5 l" k
Symbolic Public Acts8 N+ H$ w: z6 o9 f; V/ y& J$ ^
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
& G7 N6 ?9 `7 Y- L$ } 19. Wearing of symbols) K. y. e/ a9 h! j) m
20. Prayer and worship Y: @' z9 m4 a4 U; e! R7 k
21. Delivering symbolic objects' ~8 B% E' ^ `9 X
22. Protest disrobings: F8 C2 P" T& B5 l6 |
23. Destruction of own property
+ C1 {' A% c; |( o8 _1 e; J 24. Symbolic lights: k2 i% W0 l! J+ L0 k- ?
25. Displays of portraits
9 i5 d* h+ P) d3 ]4 M" Q( e 26. Paint as protest
; G7 |0 Q# v. X6 q 27. New signs and names
" G% Q1 |. T$ y/ m+ U" k6 P6 T. N5 m 28. Symbolic sounds
* F- a7 V8 j" w4 T- f6 u 29. Symbolic reclamations! v5 I& w0 C" K1 K0 H
30. Rude gestures
% Y# |: h! {; A; ?0 i) p, }/ X$ V" H- \
Pressures on Individuals
5 @/ e" ]! \5 f+ @& Q' M: _ 31. “Haunting” officials% N; z$ ~3 d2 A. b
32. Taunting officials
Z- b% h8 A; L) x* M4 | 33. Fraternization- @( R2 L2 `6 ^
34. Vigils- n- J4 d0 n9 J1 O, B \
4 T# [1 H4 {. O; b9 y" y/ B1 F A2 F
Drama and Music
$ ^8 R' q6 e0 _% w; D 35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 G2 X: k% I+ H1 y 36. Performances of plays and music* t; V# N" s4 y
37. Singing+ n. D8 j, |1 }4 d& b) w+ H
9 h M6 H, b1 s: t+ g# e1 h! tProcessions ~. Y8 {' w% D1 X! n ~) H
38. Marches: b/ ?0 E* { o
39. Parades6 r% L% \2 b$ X7 I' A& g5 @( C4 z
40. Religious processions
( h& s4 O6 T# ~$ ]1 U 41. Pilgrimages
- b: d& u2 Y* }3 f" W9 n 42. Motorcades! z/ M4 H U) [; {
% B5 u! U3 J( J( x
Honoring the Dead
2 N( G: k3 {, O3 X# M 43. Political mourning9 P% ]$ j: R- Z
44. Mock funerals
% j( z2 r! t1 o' v$ a; O/ q) T$ g 45. Demonstrative funerals
' u+ C( e& E. C& v 46. Homage at burial places
+ ^ P9 O9 P: f: ?
, f7 O3 Z) L- ^7 \6 _Public Assemblies
1 O! X$ D5 S: A3 {+ K) P+ b 47. Assemblies of protest or support6 T1 g% Q6 o$ A3 r! y! ?
48. Protest meetings: E& B0 K4 g1 r3 p) s
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( j0 e/ s! v w" L4 e/ g 50. Teach-ins
7 { @8 k( E A, L
6 y% ~* A; I6 Z$ P* ZWithdrawal and Renunciation$ L* m3 m/ [" p$ K' `
51. Walk-outs$ K& _8 N8 z' o! F7 ~5 |
52. Silence3 |7 P8 f; H. c. {' }
53. Renouncing honors" Z! D! |' w) B5 N6 q) k
54. Turning one’s back
! H4 j8 p: t$ {9 M) ~( x1 a( H2 U& }( R& O# o4 V
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/ z) {: k, l* o; g7 q( ^THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
+ e, a% }3 w$ V& P; T6 ~0 G- \0 ~. J: a2 e: V+ b
9 f3 X% q) ~5 E2 R
' c* K3 L- \( y1 P( R( x6 ~Ostracism of Persons+ I/ e% p$ n1 ?2 ^
55. Social boycott
7 \7 R. u1 p& }0 s 56. Selective social boycott
/ @0 M$ r& t, Y+ L' T# m9 A/ h" g' u" V 57. Lysistratic nonaction- q, [ j4 N0 l- A4 Q( A, X' y
58. Excommunication9 p _9 t) i0 H$ a4 m
59. Interdict, u" j/ d/ a4 C* n+ b+ N) k
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: h8 e: U" R3 k9 N q2 ~/ ] 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 E* l- o: m1 u 61. Boycott of social affairs `, o, `$ B h7 ~3 Y8 X
62. Student strike
" {, \7 H* D1 ~1 s( I$ W1 w 63. Social disobedience
' Z' s5 x9 T. u' j, w; |7 q 64. Withdrawal from social institutions: Y0 x2 Y- [7 I3 j1 H3 J
e. \! \5 \& ~) n
Withdrawal from the Social System8 A# ]) i0 w3 g
65. Stay-at-home N2 H6 {' Q, P2 |+ _$ m
66. Total personal noncooperation
9 C4 c5 N$ p0 n8 i3 q7 l' G 67. “Flight” of workers
8 k7 {4 x& a7 ]9 B% f7 } 68. Sanctuary
7 u) B) p3 H/ N5 D" Q2 w# \0 ~ 69. Collective disappearance J8 U A+ K/ ]7 Z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; Y8 d. q) _( f$ e# E* S* S/ A0 b7 V9 H1 E+ j$ F- v& Y4 J
" X- F' \* J# o0 X1 w U9 h0 D
Actions by Consumers
! A, z; h3 c1 ~7 p. D 71. Consumers’ boycott. Y* W6 O9 b% u2 {
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
S* O2 u5 S% [) X0 e 73. Policy of austerity4 x; S# a+ M# o+ A& e6 z1 L: U
74. Rent withholding4 h) w+ O+ ^' _( a# M% d& H, m2 v
75. Refusal to rent' I9 X" p- ~- p: Q
76. National consumers’ boycott8 K. H4 T( P3 _' `: k+ l
77. International consumers’ boycott* ?; w, J1 T% h8 H: h
' E; G4 R4 G' f' P4 [2 Q& i7 _
Action by Workers and Producers# U* L; M3 A; G* ^: q/ y
78. Workmen’s boycott
' I9 a& E( r4 B. d+ b 79. Producers’ boycott
& _1 d4 Q/ n& y. U L. d6 [
+ y0 Y: J8 X8 I! H3 x! g/ b4 nAction by Middlemen& ]; \2 a9 L6 P0 z% i* v: p" I3 t
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ t8 v8 B; A8 g/ S# h& Z# i* l2 t+ v
* _& i; p1 G" }: \Action by Owners and Management
& x; L6 H" [* k+ p9 M5 ^4 w 81. Traders’ boycott
, r% h; }7 `9 R; c5 k 82. Refusal to let or sell property7 [1 L7 Y* L2 J4 F
83. Lockout4 b+ y; G) W8 G
84. Refusal of industrial assistance- q- w) s4 ^. m) H6 f
85. Merchants’ “general strike”* p# W5 @5 l8 r: P# P5 y' B
% c$ M, _* j6 q/ }
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
6 P. q& f6 ~% [3 B* f 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 k0 q0 _/ F& d4 q& m. f9 ^0 ?
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) X5 }3 `' |" e. q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 h9 M) L F9 v
89. Severance of funds and credit! J2 [$ v% m1 y! U! S
90. Revenue refusal
! _$ Z+ w" g6 a& U 91. Refusal of a government’s money6 M# D* [ M$ P8 u% l; Z" S8 I
W* @! g$ n; k4 e
Action by Governments3 x& [' Z. z& B- I1 e3 [
92. Domestic embargo- i) o% |" d2 t. E
93. Blacklisting of traders
6 w1 u H0 }6 _6 O: f 94. International sellers’ embargo
+ i+ W2 V% H! s3 V' O 95. International buyers’ embargo
" z. w; I* K# K* P3 x 96. International trade embargo; E) d( Q0 {* G6 _# E8 R
' W7 P2 P3 }# ?0 v d 3 c$ E! U$ ?7 g- t7 t* }
/ V; y, `; n# v. Y) T: t$ @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 e! z4 C% `# H* ~ r2 U+ z
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* K/ b3 d2 \/ ?0 pSymbolic Strikes3 }, r2 U- {! Z" d2 R# I( r0 S4 f( q
97. Protest strike
9 s6 L+ W0 L4 W, W3 c" P4 { 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) B3 v) n- [+ D& ^0 D% S
# V' T' o1 A) z8 ?/ _, t; I
Agricultural Strikes: h$ z+ i2 ]/ b0 }
99. Peasant strike
' R/ {+ ?/ {# o- O' l9 z+ E* Y# V8 N 100. Farm Workers’ strike" r X) _( e. g1 O/ @ _, w/ @
2 N8 y2 \ R( H
Strikes by Special Groups5 W6 r8 o: N, n* q
101. Refusal of impressed labor- G, m5 t; `( N' o% S
102. Prisoners’ strike2 ?" y' T6 l- K1 O7 v' u
103. Craft strike" t% f- z7 E; x
104. Professional strike
& c8 t% j w" s Y
1 s8 L2 z3 e2 {5 r: f. Y3 ^Ordinary Industrial Strikes
. l! W& }4 F3 U- m$ T 105. Establishment strike0 N2 a1 t. I/ ~# e6 C
106. Industry strike# Q& r4 S, r2 k! }: @' p
107. Sympathetic strike2 `; d$ n% s& W* }5 W
6 U: c5 ]; S- v6 f+ |
Restricted Strikes, g' n2 `: \7 R& z3 Z/ P. |
108. Detailed strike
: a, K5 e: k% J6 |) T 109. Bumper strike
% G0 S6 i* q! [( g% H 110. Slowdown strike8 O3 N* H+ K$ O
111. Working-to-rule strike. q( t! m) Y2 w3 E" C9 ~) u
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ W# e- L0 J( W
113. Strike by resignation
- _! H( r5 c. T+ Z2 `0 K 114. Limited strike) O, X6 B8 r1 k8 {) o5 D: ^
115. Selective strike) f. ]" i& [: D. p! J8 L7 T
& g- q7 M+ l4 W( j0 h5 ~! UMulti-Industry Strikes+ M, }* j" |/ p; N
" ^2 f- A0 H. a2 F1 e; g+ Q3 _
116. Generalized strike) k. I: y6 S. ]. U2 l% s) z
0 _* D: D! d% ^2 z" j 117. General strike& m+ G& D M8 f& D3 l1 O
; Q7 D0 o, H; ^+ g% B" b) k3 j
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; J/ _# E" K: g, X1 d& ] q
+ K+ Y6 W. q" p6 B
118. Hartal
& }6 @% G0 X, D0 _
x( w! [2 e1 J5 o 119. Economic shutdown
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/ A5 @9 T* R1 jTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* j$ u6 q" b& R9 W' B. g% ]1 V
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5 w0 i- }% F' I# nRejection of Authority+ N' V! v6 |' a
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% ? I* }; f# I; X* M f5 W. D 121. Refusal of public support6 ~) p0 Z" i1 ?2 X$ I9 M* l
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& E+ a. a3 W) r' L& G2 K
! D8 v! ^% O9 \- LCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government' V6 I6 T |, ~; J$ G- S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 C1 Z" v3 r, b) u7 {6 J
124. Boycott of elections
! P, d& O x$ W8 U5 v! k5 t 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 _4 S$ }" g! ^ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# D5 G' w+ r2 F3 G3 F6 ^& I* q* K
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( k8 J( f% @, d' N
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: b; L; o5 ?0 k) Y% B 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' [$ q* D. O0 t/ k9 z, I0 I8 A) Y+ j4 n
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- A# T" n( ~# C: J' l2 A( R( {+ F4 q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, o& K9 a& G2 n$ q" }+ r m 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
/ E6 g# \2 g! i$ Z! {
, G- m& w4 e" T; T- J0 iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' U" d3 [$ L. T2 W 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ ~4 j" L( g9 t5 ]; ] 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ L9 T# v/ |/ N 135. Popular nonobedience
* i, o# n- ]+ h4 ~' O! G+ X4 z- U 136. Disguised disobedience
4 R8 w. r5 h3 N" J0 c 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ {$ j: h& d9 [- L. q 138. Sitdown7 P" k1 a# f( r- v9 b5 E1 J$ H
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 S- U) a) U- c( |4 t
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& B$ c; R. i4 c# N( T
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 h2 F6 F: h2 X- b+ o
1 Z$ B* F! R. HAction by Government Personnel
8 d3 d: _2 U0 I8 Q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ s5 o/ A, ]) B. b8 |
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ e s% s0 g) X 144. Stalling and obstruction
K+ i! L5 ^. {! K" m6 J 145. General administrative noncooperation
" _5 @! L9 l4 t- C# _/ \( Q! V7 k6 Z
146. Judicial noncooperation# ]; k# p* Z8 y6 {# @9 I& Z
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents9 o/ e; u- z) b' n
148. Mutiny) G& } P' g+ U: C9 v
Domestic Governmental Action; q2 U5 @- `, n2 y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" G N/ U. G) |3 @; |* x& m0 K
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
- J, W K) R8 N; S& W6 s% x$ {
, U* J `! z0 h- O0 PInternational Governmental Action A/ X- G8 R) |& m6 A
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ ]! |6 E5 a9 A& S$ |1 k, w! s) z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, V2 q O/ x$ k* G) F; R
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! |2 _) K# x" O2 f 154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 h# g. s6 p& i8 A7 Y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 C$ D) O1 G9 d0 y8 y2 v+ O
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* u) y# m; R5 ~1 D0 d 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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. z3 a) ~- w: i% F$ w( |THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention; Q$ S, N! n) n. b; |7 ]$ C
158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 l2 I* k s% P1 A 159. The fast
' C$ t8 _5 d. y# Y e a) Fast of moral pressure
7 O0 m( \0 C+ B b) Hunger strike
" i$ H* E; _: }( @/ X c) Satyagrahic fast
, m0 u. O6 u( j6 ]5 s7 j! \ 160. Reverse trial/ k* [. J2 I( P& g5 o* {6 J# B2 d; T
161. Nonviolent harassment
% F9 J+ \0 j. ], F2 r J0 N
: z( S% O' |) b. X0 PPhysical Intervention, ^2 O/ L7 C: x4 Z7 C
162. Sit-in
6 t7 ]) r# l# l4 S/ x# g+ a* @ 163. Stand-in& U7 r5 L J8 t+ J
164. Ride-in; {9 t; L b8 y3 d7 Q7 I3 k0 t- O
165. Wade-in) A9 @! h1 R* ?' ~8 x! h
166. Mill-in. u8 r# H9 f' _3 T; Y
167. Pray-in2 Q2 J6 F' B3 k3 w
168. Nonviolent raids
1 I( H3 L+ |! m* A1 ] 169. Nonviolent air raids
. P' v9 D: g3 @/ b 170. Nonviolent invasion
- w2 u" Z+ h6 G 171. Nonviolent interjection- } `9 g0 M2 B* i% ]
172. Nonviolent obstruction
* r4 P) N+ X( f 173. Nonviolent occupation) e2 z' a) \! [6 I5 f ]* r
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Social Intervention8 d" T# ~/ S7 F# q9 H1 l
174. Establishing new social patterns
: O) F1 ?' N8 a0 Y( v 175. Overloading of facilities/ G7 T A0 A+ n8 i4 @
176. Stall-in
) d: Y& J$ Q( A e 177. Speak-in4 @3 ]8 C3 l. _4 Y
178. Guerrilla theater' E' g* q1 V+ |: x* Z1 d+ Q; S" y
179. Alternative social institutions
. O2 w8 f3 f7 T% m8 i. |+ c x' V" Z Y 180. Alternative communication system
8 X8 T2 ~: H% M6 m1 N$ r6 P' x( B0 o
Economic Intervention: {: s& x# T2 v! }- P
181. Reverse strike
4 o3 O* m6 y1 y7 O: E: h" e+ I4 p 182. Stay-in strike
) x+ L P" C, B" i1 v) N$ J" f 183. Nonviolent land seizure! w% O# J7 {" `& }7 Y+ f
184. Defiance of blockades9 D) Y$ C2 E, s8 s/ Z' g; b
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 F) Q4 R/ F5 Q$ {; r* c
186. Preclusive purchasing1 d4 ~; T/ J, g2 }! k( c
187. Seizure of assets
. D$ u: z& }3 i 188. Dumping& Q x; s2 Z1 T4 R4 V* m& b
189. Selective patronage3 @1 P( b( K6 f4 a: b1 p/ W1 F
190. Alternative markets
& X3 f# v; u7 p3 K/ a5 y 191. Alternative transportation systems+ \1 h S. I. H: ~4 S9 i. e& r9 X' H& V4 Y
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention
; M ~) k* R9 S m0 `9 N% ?( U 193. Overloading of administrative systems
' X. I% O: g; E6 G* W 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. O. N/ D+ W1 k
195. Seeking imprisonment
P- z! d% V! g; K/ K7 H$ l. j7 t) \ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! n4 e3 j, ` y5 k 197. Work-on without collaboration% V3 o; t2 u- t- r/ D
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ K/ A& {: H6 A
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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