 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 x# ~# B" L: T) [Formal Statements
& j" z2 T" w( P0 H" A; D 1. Public Speeches
6 d8 n1 o* b1 F: H# ^ 2. Letters of opposition or support
* q+ m! e' ?$ ]0 q4 r6 F 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; d2 h8 i7 V* ?
4. Signed public statements
D% \# e4 h) M& G# @0 f } 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! I) ~+ u( l$ ~/ x4 h 6. Group or mass petitions
4 M( c% f, x' r# p/ c5 V9 ]: w I
Communications with a Wider Audience
' j( c5 m' F) e* { 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 {+ f* ~# m6 Z8 v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications: ~) o' Y2 x& T9 x- G
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; ]# }' Q2 k X. e% N( W- ^! x7 _
10. Newspapers and journals+ j6 x7 T$ C/ E ?
11. Records, radio, and television! K: O0 ~% q$ J4 G7 |! {& Q
12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 V2 Z$ r8 J5 m p
, ?9 T! h7 r- Y* ?3 K. Y
Group Representations
6 T: N- |: R2 Y 13. Deputations
+ o9 n [6 W' r; I5 K 14. Mock awards) c7 C5 d( `! x3 v
15. Group lobbying
) s/ z% d# x0 v* e( X2 P" I! c. g; G 16. Picketing
3 |% \9 [* t, |+ ]8 G 17. Mock elections
( c& U# f" T' |' I7 H2 b
8 i3 J3 ~& Q! U, x' Q' H" NSymbolic Public Acts
: f, J8 v$ _( F' ^3 e ?; r( |( N 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' a" {3 }/ q1 `4 D/ M
19. Wearing of symbols
/ q- G w7 r% r8 R- k: P5 f 20. Prayer and worship3 \) g+ U0 o+ l7 r2 z" u- s
21. Delivering symbolic objects
' F; P7 q( u5 l$ j9 g$ g 22. Protest disrobings1 t0 v& g X5 }# ]7 {; r3 S% I
23. Destruction of own property
4 \+ N, I* p/ L 24. Symbolic lights
% z' x9 Q8 v5 G: H, f 25. Displays of portraits
: b+ L. H, e$ m, ^ 26. Paint as protest! ], ^) m4 }' F) d
27. New signs and names
2 s% A* ~7 J" U 28. Symbolic sounds0 S# u0 Z S( g0 G; w9 t3 F
29. Symbolic reclamations
5 b6 _) e9 w7 p' r( S 30. Rude gestures1 G# I. a a; j8 \3 f1 h* g0 K7 H b
Q) O, `/ Z( xPressures on Individuals* l2 o& d; r8 y% A4 F; W5 i
31. “Haunting” officials
7 F9 v9 e4 }$ w0 U 32. Taunting officials
' q* h e6 r% A9 c0 X 33. Fraternization8 z. [/ @3 ? O5 p1 Y
34. Vigils- w( N% a- t. y1 k7 u3 F+ j
* Z9 S8 O% o# b( b5 wDrama and Music7 O4 o8 f+ R" t( ?
35. Humorous skits and pranks; i- I: I9 R+ q
36. Performances of plays and music( c. F: n5 A. t
37. Singing
8 e6 H0 b4 Q) F" N* A$ j
# n/ d) ] w5 mProcessions$ p2 i. r8 Z: B( s
38. Marches% j4 ?3 t8 w8 v$ A$ S
39. Parades
. z3 H- Y, x! l% v% O 40. Religious processions
1 _+ v3 [, n2 F; g4 q 41. Pilgrimages, Q: Z" w5 j7 {
42. Motorcades
2 Y! t/ Q1 ^2 y o9 z) H( k D9 p$ W
Honoring the Dead+ n* G+ C' t+ i8 `$ z' i1 f
43. Political mourning
% T- d( k$ t/ i4 B 44. Mock funerals8 F2 h2 @9 P, O( K4 s/ H( E! Q1 W; H
45. Demonstrative funerals
+ E% C' q" H D$ s% L! z 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
. e. S& F9 B' E! O& v 47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 S9 @! E) O% s$ @2 f 48. Protest meetings8 z3 h( H' b( O
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' o3 u8 H4 y' Z2 ~" y4 t 50. Teach-ins
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6 b$ q# E s$ F2 a4 rWithdrawal and Renunciation
: B( o6 S$ k9 g 51. Walk-outs4 L/ W% V- E, S) g) P0 s1 G& s
52. Silence8 W! M2 b& u+ n0 U, a, |$ k( ?
53. Renouncing honors6 X, }2 ]7 ^7 P Y1 N) K
54. Turning one’s back% k M! u( r& M; k9 F
8 _$ ]# t ?' I, S# f
1 `6 K! y% P$ y8 `1 `
+ _' X, k- c, bTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION `1 P4 {% H/ t' |1 \+ _5 {
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Ostracism of Persons
& ?4 V. N- V* @8 j( v$ A 55. Social boycott" q1 F1 S* ^- [- N; n) K
56. Selective social boycott+ x* f2 J6 @1 e8 l: a: L O1 F: B
57. Lysistratic nonaction. _) C7 i; [$ ]
58. Excommunication
" M2 {0 l3 c) J- t 59. Interdict
1 |( ]5 k' ]. i
4 w- k# E R/ VNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
7 \( g( y f! w* a 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 q# R! S; a8 ^0 o: g 61. Boycott of social affairs
4 V3 @8 K9 I; a6 e) j 62. Student strike& h' L/ L4 x# G: ?: M) u. K5 g* ~/ h
63. Social disobedience
$ g d! W% k; e6 _1 H- m 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! Y A- z0 O- ]0 c% b( ]" X7 k
$ i2 k# V: T- A' n7 K+ d
Withdrawal from the Social System
& E1 w5 S+ j X 65. Stay-at-home
3 G0 `, E: V6 x( c 66. Total personal noncooperation7 @, {# x, W9 s/ S
67. “Flight” of workers
* c' g! j) R5 x0 b. o0 j+ I: r( o 68. Sanctuary
# P9 ~( R: U. B 69. Collective disappearance
) J) b$ e/ |- W- i' c 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ V$ d9 X G" L, t
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Actions by Consumers. z0 N+ o3 o+ |+ Z
71. Consumers’ boycott3 H t( R# @+ b& F& j' _
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# M! D) A6 g; Z" D& P% h9 A 73. Policy of austerity: T e7 ^+ c) v b8 ?/ v6 R
74. Rent withholding
6 E$ `+ k Q% y4 Y 75. Refusal to rent% U1 V) u: k: g) m" d4 p
76. National consumers’ boycott- ~% O8 i1 x7 T( h1 Z
77. International consumers’ boycott7 G" V: i4 g' G
& s+ {4 i5 z! s. \- `" S) v% t
Action by Workers and Producers1 ?- ], `7 u$ w8 L3 k4 Q. ^. w' P
78. Workmen’s boycott6 m/ f# n( Q3 w. E, f2 ^
79. Producers’ boycott
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. v% N' X' x1 _0 C: YAction by Middlemen
% ?' ~) U5 z, `, B3 J- B$ A 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott, [% e I8 p4 X
2 ~$ ?8 U6 C& Y2 c% W1 M) IAction by Owners and Management
5 C& d- t0 c O+ d 81. Traders’ boycott
( z: E. u [8 @ @1 D# [& z) d( X 82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 O. X* o' S. ~3 }# C& o4 h 83. Lockout
% l e4 S+ z5 S# C 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. a2 q2 U) I9 d 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources+ q( R* k* ^8 b2 |7 S, t
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 ?6 G3 }( f Y* t( l2 P( r 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: b2 e6 Q/ ~ v! E1 e 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* B1 V4 B9 V; T! V6 R4 y& X) Y) | 89. Severance of funds and credit' T* d4 c$ n9 u3 ?
90. Revenue refusal
& E! ~8 G8 f @. I 91. Refusal of a government’s money. ~" G: h' z* |6 Z) l
+ L& i9 g3 l7 L& jAction by Governments E' h1 }& |5 p0 b0 f1 e' S. p
92. Domestic embargo
( f7 G% j, k1 f9 m+ b9 c6 O 93. Blacklisting of traders
$ a) S/ F, w1 A7 q. B" a 94. International sellers’ embargo% X+ L: M' V- U) J( D, r
95. International buyers’ embargo2 q" ]7 @% u9 j8 C: }1 j# S
96. International trade embargo7 r8 F; J& K9 G' V2 A6 y
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
" B1 v' l2 S- K8 o$ B6 _- D" K 97. Protest strike
, q/ F. ^ P! @ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ I0 u/ r. Z9 y4 u9 }0 T6 A
( V1 _7 @' p- ]. P+ b2 W1 r. ^5 W$ FAgricultural Strikes/ r$ U% z# t. \. d% y: Y
99. Peasant strike, Q1 ~. h. g& P0 X/ T/ G4 c3 V
100. Farm Workers’ strike0 e% |' W( g' L8 d: q
9 s! W6 M8 V; F0 p! v8 f; B. VStrikes by Special Groups; F) i" h; v: w+ Y: Z. X9 o
101. Refusal of impressed labor; k% k! e/ S% j! I* ?% a
102. Prisoners’ strike% R- x/ N' b7 y" T
103. Craft strike! u* w0 Z. j5 P9 F3 ]
104. Professional strike
7 s, H6 }# w4 Y( H2 X9 h4 W6 p" _8 U3 T8 `( t) y+ m+ z0 d
Ordinary Industrial Strikes- I* |/ R6 o- `
105. Establishment strike v( y* Z' S- v1 y( V2 m/ Z- C$ Z9 q
106. Industry strike
8 c& D4 C6 A1 e: {, I% ]5 \% R 107. Sympathetic strike: y7 x1 r1 D7 v) T! m( ~8 O2 }
6 | M% [0 l8 T0 @! Z0 WRestricted Strikes( O H5 a# |9 K! M. y5 Y
108. Detailed strike
9 H% V, N! B" d9 `9 q) B 109. Bumper strike
& d, t5 D1 N Y$ | 110. Slowdown strike: K* U" e# X( a' N
111. Working-to-rule strike
6 y$ u2 T" i, X 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)$ o! r. `8 \6 \" o# b
113. Strike by resignation& f2 u" @7 ^' T/ m
114. Limited strike
+ y( g6 j5 | H' o 115. Selective strike
9 @+ F' |6 B" U0 M' X) V$ t8 w8 q( H2 a4 W3 C& E6 q! k8 d2 _
Multi-Industry Strikes
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2 g2 ^# y- g: {; K1 J! B 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike* s9 ^# g+ y% r/ b0 d4 Q( Y4 ~
/ ?/ W/ |- {4 `4 z$ @Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
3 D1 t0 l$ A2 E6 D* g# B- K
; D+ ^1 y3 ]3 [( j 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority& K; ^, a% \" _8 F5 K$ ]& E6 |6 w
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% A& l. H8 z; ^ 121. Refusal of public support
9 k7 ~) ]/ g+ b6 B' e' V 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 W: R5 X5 K+ G& e+ ]3 L& K4 A8 K
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* H0 t* f3 x) h0 A 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
) f# G3 x% W1 M4 ^; {2 { 124. Boycott of elections
( Z; V& i( g4 g, I7 W) o! ~ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) N" t2 ]5 ]; R 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
! M0 o! X3 ?' w: B* Q1 E9 u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% W; {& K( h! f; ^9 O 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ g+ t& }$ \* y# _: h 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. Z( U( n/ k( e2 c4 T; N. H 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. Z% k4 X. T) T, m& \ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
# I( E/ a* U. P5 T 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
" Y7 W: l7 D7 x: _! S4 Z3 V+ B0 B6 U+ i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 J" }8 c* X: ~ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance( ^, ?* j7 ?! R, X
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. C' u5 q! }* K 135. Popular nonobedience
3 f! |& R! H) | k; F4 f 136. Disguised disobedience
/ D! k7 L: H0 p0 k; G8 ^% h 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 x2 s9 _+ _3 H3 s4 w) T
138. Sitdown4 W( z2 ?0 W }& ^
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 ?# R8 t5 u, b1 ~ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 b7 w- b+ L/ ^ J7 Z% \
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 V& l5 n' A" X u5 ]
0 T. z! G- W) e9 K0 `# JAction by Government Personnel. i. ?6 b1 S5 G, h
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% r9 w- y6 @$ h0 [) O9 b1 d 143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 m4 Q5 q0 {- W! L a0 F
144. Stalling and obstruction _# H9 T- F- |0 k9 Y; }
145. General administrative noncooperation- i7 \/ i. |3 c* t+ q7 o2 q
, a+ I8 u9 t& Q; f 146. Judicial noncooperation5 t9 F. h. I6 {
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents5 c3 b1 t* L7 [! ~9 k
148. Mutiny
. r& S- ^" O+ fDomestic Governmental Action' |- W9 Y" p$ _
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
9 t9 `+ ]( ]% b: @3 ^# X* U7 W5 O 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; J5 K. t2 `6 `9 E) z% r* F) g+ I6 F- \% u
International Governmental Action1 j+ l7 g# _" J% v4 N l
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
y5 B0 R' B O0 r0 Y6 o 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* `) e- X, X9 @8 s, Y
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 M" {, J) r, w& @; j% D 154. Severance of diplomatic relations* d I# a( Z% N. ?& N
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 o P# m. h2 c. D8 P/ } 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: V4 a- i2 p2 D+ A4 R% B
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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1 X! @3 `0 n# B' O. _/ U5 p- \THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 M9 U' |+ X" F
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7 B. |: B$ V6 ePsychological Intervention7 H7 O) e8 Y* a( i/ ^, {% r
158. Self-exposure to the elements6 o @/ P Y) c
159. The fast
/ g+ x% E: q. D0 |/ N: |+ D* W+ [( s a) Fast of moral pressure7 w7 d7 F# y) I, Q% q
b) Hunger strike
+ e: l( B2 N+ p c) Satyagrahic fast& n$ g8 M4 g. n7 W/ u5 ^
160. Reverse trial
, J; R3 i2 \. D" r2 z/ C( [. ~ 161. Nonviolent harassment# p' }* Z) r! x, H$ d$ }- V
* L/ B T B# V. DPhysical Intervention D) w# a) p& l: L# G' z
162. Sit-in b9 U( u5 W# |$ w( s1 D
163. Stand-in
" Z2 j$ T* `2 O 164. Ride-in
7 k3 ~ M3 Z- R' V5 E 165. Wade-in9 _+ m% p1 R1 x0 Q# a$ M
166. Mill-in* b# h4 p" E1 _' P" N7 {9 P2 t
167. Pray-in
$ x* P" v- B; @( Y, X; `+ p 168. Nonviolent raids
# c o3 w& T. B1 n& y8 v& ^; O9 u 169. Nonviolent air raids @) z) o. c: U' P. s
170. Nonviolent invasion
! D6 l' n, L- B* m* T0 i 171. Nonviolent interjection
$ G6 ]6 g+ ~$ s: _" u% | L 172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 P8 y, P) D. J- S: _3 r 173. Nonviolent occupation1 y! `' {- _! g4 ?. g8 P
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Social Intervention
+ E2 a6 l1 U" `; O* F3 i- t 174. Establishing new social patterns! E$ N# w( _, n" J
175. Overloading of facilities3 c) |' a8 N8 Z6 E7 e) P! B3 O
176. Stall-in
- l4 e, \5 i0 r( {8 W 177. Speak-in1 R% q; B( o: t3 {
178. Guerrilla theater9 b- r4 l9 l) v, A% N' P
179. Alternative social institutions
3 C& O1 D/ q2 m* b0 t 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention* J. T2 [5 C+ ]" \. t7 Y* R! [, M% _
181. Reverse strike: F! u; G0 G+ u2 u! C. G
182. Stay-in strike
W% S5 C/ D$ K3 H' {$ l6 N 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' ?" U- B! d" N5 T: p/ @ 184. Defiance of blockades
7 _8 X u* J% [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 p) L, H7 T5 p/ ~) B; H0 n1 h
186. Preclusive purchasing; \( f9 r5 `, D8 O5 S7 N
187. Seizure of assets
9 i7 c, {6 q1 ~ 188. Dumping& f$ N! q6 S# a) Q
189. Selective patronage% i9 W: Y& e8 i0 }2 |0 N" ~
190. Alternative markets J. |# A& _- q w
191. Alternative transportation systems/ O1 M! j" g% {3 ?, f, r6 r
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention
6 X$ y$ ?, h2 X; T( O 193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 X/ G; i4 L; p* k 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( h* T2 b0 T! K8 F& d
195. Seeking imprisonment$ i) ~ c& R% m( C5 m7 U3 U: \2 x9 p
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
e8 }' T5 ^& P3 A 197. Work-on without collaboration) x, P# G, m1 x1 w" N$ X# B
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
