 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 ]2 k) `3 C3 V* K& B0 P
Formal Statements
* @$ s& m. a* l0 U7 n4 X) W+ a, f 1. Public Speeches
+ S" Z; g2 s" v, i 2. Letters of opposition or support6 M/ A" r0 Y' m, W$ h5 b8 }
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
B/ z- a2 B" E( s9 c) R3 K$ O 4. Signed public statements( R7 |$ B1 Q1 n
5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 M: z+ B, R: M1 M
6. Group or mass petitions
. F( ?# K) b) N; ^) G
/ }% W, g1 m, U* L/ o2 SCommunications with a Wider Audience
# H/ {* I" `7 Q 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
d% \7 u$ v+ p 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 { M+ R0 \* s t+ W6 x 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 r9 n% L O" f [" f; ~
10. Newspapers and journals V: O. _8 y7 \/ [: t r
11. Records, radio, and television" H3 l+ }; c, `) } n* T
12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 @4 X* }; e% N6 F" W
9 F1 c5 l+ o, c
Group Representations) r0 ], [ P' J0 b! E k
13. Deputations Z& K. b& n5 P, D* m
14. Mock awards
- b8 Y( P5 p2 _' S! o. y/ O8 u3 b 15. Group lobbying! P/ k5 I- A3 U. j4 P
16. Picketing- [4 A7 E: I j4 w% `
17. Mock elections
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Symbolic Public Acts
7 `* G& X4 Y$ k# v) M 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 q( z3 s( h; A* X 19. Wearing of symbols( @# ^/ D5 B7 \- \
20. Prayer and worship
5 C1 q' D+ c1 J' d8 \+ k 21. Delivering symbolic objects9 i5 b' N g* n3 |0 @
22. Protest disrobings% m6 U& m, d) h' v5 f/ b2 u
23. Destruction of own property
* e6 {+ F' i2 v# K2 R. W 24. Symbolic lights4 t; L$ C( p' D
25. Displays of portraits
& Q& X' J4 ]0 E1 K 26. Paint as protest% |2 V% z$ X4 G* z- M- `2 m' L2 H
27. New signs and names
' j$ y+ e+ [- ?- P 28. Symbolic sounds
_/ Z1 \% ]2 z6 k 29. Symbolic reclamations" I5 I/ V4 o- a' i8 `
30. Rude gestures( {0 t! j' I; o1 A- o q1 a
; ^$ a8 w# T. n8 H$ v. ~0 sPressures on Individuals
6 k C2 i3 A/ ~8 @; R' a6 b B! a 31. “Haunting” officials
; P v/ I8 }; F4 c 32. Taunting officials
" i( M/ J# J* N8 I6 e8 t 33. Fraternization2 s8 t/ x% c# _/ i7 e7 t
34. Vigils8 R7 l V+ e* G+ A7 L& ?
1 H: U0 e5 f/ CDrama and Music# `3 ^- ?+ I- D. `
35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ g* b q* q; d' d \ 36. Performances of plays and music4 J( F, h9 z0 A, i0 P8 n% S
37. Singing, s( y4 d- c$ t, v
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Processions
3 m5 Y8 I* V. |* E- a2 j$ R 38. Marches
2 n6 ~0 h$ w# P3 F( u4 b, D 39. Parades* `6 d0 i. u5 S0 W& N
40. Religious processions' ]5 X; m* _" y4 ]5 X `! q1 d9 m. i
41. Pilgrimages
0 W# ^# L: w( U, B 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead1 B: a1 }( w7 j9 o. p+ S7 b
43. Political mourning
+ d+ m/ K$ `6 k6 o% j 44. Mock funerals
) q3 Y$ J2 S3 c- O+ X 45. Demonstrative funerals% G1 S3 q1 l2 V5 T0 @* W
46. Homage at burial places* H/ Z3 M) V8 W
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Public Assemblies2 C! A' @% D& p) n& w
47. Assemblies of protest or support( g" W9 c- x @. U, v8 R
48. Protest meetings
! w+ b0 a; Z% |) V2 g* W 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest, z' P% g8 R* Q3 `5 {
50. Teach-ins8 ]' e- {/ T- n5 c5 @
& w; H' \' o5 k* Z0 U/ L! `; sWithdrawal and Renunciation
: {! |3 m& {5 F1 U" J% \2 R 51. Walk-outs# c- ]4 Q% y/ K! X
52. Silence
' E; }. p: o6 T2 I( I+ d! I 53. Renouncing honors
. M! N4 N$ y8 S5 I 54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons8 n' b! q! C9 l" O3 T. S% g
55. Social boycott- T4 I" ~: ~8 |! [+ X- c S0 L
56. Selective social boycott
2 P' C& D+ n1 V! x8 p! q+ a4 ? 57. Lysistratic nonaction
% O$ o/ g% f0 n% I4 |! a' m9 Q4 W 58. Excommunication
9 d- P0 b( v/ y! e7 n5 @ 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- y* W% v) H0 {4 \ l 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; d6 {4 d6 J3 _' B7 E" W0 r5 ^. J 61. Boycott of social affairs2 {9 _- T2 f4 p( Z7 R! B
62. Student strike
" n/ q4 ?7 D7 H4 ?- n b 63. Social disobedience" T6 H9 s& r& O- s- X* G, v+ @- p e
64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ _6 j& Y& v/ D! I9 i8 F. q8 ?
; T$ x9 k2 r" a5 l9 s* ]% PWithdrawal from the Social System
1 N+ \. G: g7 ?, h* U 65. Stay-at-home* w! s" ]# T* F J; z$ o D
66. Total personal noncooperation5 m6 x3 L" {# x' @ V0 |/ x6 ~1 w
67. “Flight” of workers+ |6 ~# T9 G- f, h' J+ l1 z6 H
68. Sanctuary
: h j+ I# ~2 S. L6 o 69. Collective disappearance% i: P3 Z8 q3 j* |
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ O* l# B4 r- E8 [( |+ F! G
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ W* z4 A! h3 ]% ~3 S
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Actions by Consumers$ R8 g- D# Y1 {3 a% M
71. Consumers’ boycott
5 Z7 e" u( U" V8 D 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods$ o9 @( Y. t0 j# H' A
73. Policy of austerity/ c) B) E! V/ x8 k9 D2 M, E
74. Rent withholding+ x' |+ f6 b2 ]% Q/ x- ?. Z4 \
75. Refusal to rent% k2 ?; y# a5 x" W3 o7 [
76. National consumers’ boycott
( j5 m2 E! L' b7 w6 N) M 77. International consumers’ boycott& a, u8 U* |) Q& W8 @- P/ b! b
0 Y. F# E/ u- Z+ a) [0 x' W! aAction by Workers and Producers3 G$ W8 R0 t) \/ C! V0 D/ j; \
78. Workmen’s boycott4 C% R7 r$ F V1 D. v" ]/ H
79. Producers’ boycott: l. e% b8 ~0 w7 t! \+ d* N
. l+ _" N% |- X \3 CAction by Middlemen3 J0 \6 t; J- i) H6 S% k
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! s1 G/ R# M# ^. @. O
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Action by Owners and Management
0 I. D' ?5 U) s* x: f' R 81. Traders’ boycott. |* y) Z) A9 v: s$ R6 r3 L
82. Refusal to let or sell property- S" O+ K4 ]' n% A+ E( f9 ~$ V! I, Z
83. Lockout- ]+ a4 a: {# R! R) _
84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 |5 d) U$ f- _) ?
85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 Z b: Q* C5 }
0 [& {$ O. y1 T7 v+ _4 G; B. LAction by Holders of Financial Resources) w; s8 [% v7 B/ v( q# ?
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits# Y$ l+ Q( ~" K4 }3 d6 V; L) C' a
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ x0 o U/ Y! W9 ?$ q7 w5 G7 C 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. L: J& _ P: {' i
89. Severance of funds and credit" Z; ]$ d1 P2 o3 V, i5 X4 T5 H
90. Revenue refusal5 k e1 m* B- @; X: `( h7 @5 k
91. Refusal of a government’s money3 d+ J7 E" V# V( @2 B
Z3 G' h8 Z. F. w4 CAction by Governments) R5 F2 I: L1 }: W- @! V0 r, e7 j
92. Domestic embargo2 L. d+ q; z5 v& J
93. Blacklisting of traders
" v9 A9 h0 K5 O 94. International sellers’ embargo: |2 F1 C/ ?6 j, K! t; |
95. International buyers’ embargo+ q8 E3 D2 }2 P7 N* X2 e
96. International trade embargo, b; |. ^5 m& Z, n1 N/ L8 m( b: D
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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6 t! l& `3 j h5 C* U$ m 9 U9 l% P: ?4 @- M
Symbolic Strikes
4 n& E. K0 Y$ J, a) W8 L2 k8 X7 S9 q 97. Protest strike5 o4 y) ]. Y- d/ C$ b1 j
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 Z6 u) ^, V) |+ [: I5 Y- @0 {9 U
3 U4 z% j% c" B* E s Y6 q
Agricultural Strikes$ |: q; g/ v' t+ N2 K& ^( O
99. Peasant strike4 c! d9 V$ `) e3 q% k
100. Farm Workers’ strike" u1 G# H7 q& |6 w5 ]& Z5 S
, T/ z r: \7 i$ ?( V: WStrikes by Special Groups
* c3 z: J3 ~& @7 m' r; ` 101. Refusal of impressed labor
: c6 O/ \. q: z2 ` 102. Prisoners’ strike0 N. O7 m& n4 U( u
103. Craft strike
8 X+ F. \" Q- W, g& b! r 104. Professional strike
: s/ k8 X0 K7 Z" W0 x
- g$ i) V3 C9 @0 s+ {/ gOrdinary Industrial Strikes
5 T! X7 N* l \' ]- X& y: s 105. Establishment strike
9 V6 u2 _% g7 Y: F 106. Industry strike
* l- c$ q7 X* i& N) v0 r4 Q 107. Sympathetic strike0 x. I) @" w% U, \
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Restricted Strikes. i) k8 ~3 B8 g
108. Detailed strike
g) s6 J7 Q& n2 w* m 109. Bumper strike# B* T7 ^4 M( i* z: D! o0 Z9 D
110. Slowdown strike
3 _' P* x6 O X0 T 111. Working-to-rule strike$ d. \: @# V1 G" e/ @
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 t5 {. Z0 G; ^( h) \1 C; _3 f 113. Strike by resignation; b6 O' f0 F, S
114. Limited strike
. Y" Y' b9 M* K5 o k 115. Selective strike
T1 G s( l- N9 [1 J& _( k1 i& t1 Y, L/ s$ j7 D) {. f
Multi-Industry Strikes
: s8 j1 `* N/ d* }. x8 s
. d- K! u" b2 x, `$ m6 { 116. Generalized strike
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7 f2 b, a: |6 b6 Q& P* s 117. General strike% C% O' I% K& C# K4 u
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
0 [1 a( u ]$ C2 Z4 f( [7 P6 q, \; ^. k# ]9 [, L
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
4 D) r8 H& R5 q2 e) s 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 F" Y7 E) C# B; J
121. Refusal of public support
- d+ _9 o& O3 m. @0 Z$ |" ^) ]) F6 D 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: \+ g# ~* }4 ]2 V( d: ~ H" F
4 L0 U5 V& Z6 g! E& j; ~/ ZCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government; f- l. g: O" Y7 Y+ H+ i7 T
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ y" e& x P9 V1 n" I 124. Boycott of elections( [! \- e; c. c0 g" B. O
125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 k/ v2 p3 U8 y" m/ Y# O* p
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) x( `, E2 S ?2 ]( N3 I; D 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ X0 `3 j. f, G' j" g 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, d+ N9 t& O. f9 M l
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 ^2 @* b, C5 O5 L4 N ^
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) a( F+ m+ f- U/ [2 _4 I 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 h( F+ c! k, u: V: X 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% L$ Y1 w8 `7 w. t+ c/ I
5 \% {- s! [4 m+ u! QCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! g. T' c a3 `& t; ?2 ^. a2 C 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 {& J# `) b9 T0 z) Q+ @7 | 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 W; m9 j# n: c
135. Popular nonobedience' n3 v( G( Y2 F9 [ i! z' i( D* D
136. Disguised disobedience9 u5 ~) X0 p- [5 Y
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: `0 t: Z& Y: Q1 K) G
138. Sitdown! m* B3 K) n E. h! n7 _/ e( V' L# V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
9 `: p/ Y* A H1 L7 J& Y7 O 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 n' L8 H3 c3 n. l
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 m3 i7 s( q q( B, E5 d
( C7 |- n6 p3 l; ]
Action by Government Personnel( n9 ^! w+ p, K- K" i8 }/ t
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% Z6 D4 {+ z: I) A2 p; y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) V8 A& k# {# {! |" E1 H1 i( [ 144. Stalling and obstruction0 Y. e' b- `2 G% |( B
145. General administrative noncooperation) Z C1 z5 c# m9 F
+ V2 N( W. U7 }0 R1 u4 @3 H/ n4 s
146. Judicial noncooperation
1 Q. o+ v' Q3 z( c 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 f4 F. N [$ K2 ^( k3 D5 U3 u# r4 e
148. Mutiny
@+ }, v, k6 u3 Y1 P" \Domestic Governmental Action
7 M! G8 U$ N' P4 V+ ]1 q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" f. l& G w" U 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 A7 U( ^ K4 U9 v: O
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International Governmental Action
9 Q; s9 s6 l T1 _; e 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. V, w. r& T) S. U7 T
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ G' _3 E; Y1 {8 t1 D; z( o 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
% V1 q0 D9 [0 q* b' e6 X& H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ Q/ T! j/ f# U7 j8 c# h
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 ^* H& x$ ~% {- g8 p( U; X& J 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& j' y0 S' ]/ n
157. Expulsion from international organizations/ w: C* _$ U2 _5 w0 H! Q
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 @8 H2 j6 z4 x, ]5 w
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1 V+ i: r. f4 d) a- q& ZPsychological Intervention/ J& @5 \3 Z2 j& O& z1 ?
158. Self-exposure to the elements, h* y. m1 J/ c4 q: V
159. The fast5 ^6 d. f8 t5 s% V" O8 V9 R
a) Fast of moral pressure0 q2 R, L" s/ Y& d( [
b) Hunger strike
' T/ d8 ~% t: i+ [$ K c) Satyagrahic fast
" ^0 [( M2 d+ \( t M |! I7 @ 160. Reverse trial
+ X f7 J' D; @, X7 A1 f 161. Nonviolent harassment
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/ t+ e8 H8 F/ Q# W' FPhysical Intervention
) h/ Q3 b) b3 A" V2 Y0 k) b2 h 162. Sit-in
+ L! `7 e# W+ | h$ s 163. Stand-in. w3 O: s4 j2 K. |. Q* H
164. Ride-in
" m5 o9 W# j; Y5 I2 I 165. Wade-in
) T# w0 c4 s' n1 Z" f9 c: g 166. Mill-in: D% G' q5 b3 W$ ^. M/ r4 N2 C; z
167. Pray-in
2 W* B5 U5 a4 J0 @; Q 168. Nonviolent raids' i: e. S$ c, F4 w
169. Nonviolent air raids
2 M! ] D" r1 F* g F 170. Nonviolent invasion
# d) v; n- Z5 k/ ^( b$ I 171. Nonviolent interjection
1 O# b: _: Q- Y 172. Nonviolent obstruction
; d! M7 {: }$ ?9 C6 F$ h$ N/ D4 G 173. Nonviolent occupation& r! O* i5 `+ D; t4 f+ h
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Social Intervention. }0 R" r* o6 _/ [
174. Establishing new social patterns6 T6 Q7 l* y7 A$ C& D8 I$ Q
175. Overloading of facilities
( \/ x( ]7 C; b6 R4 _$ L" R 176. Stall-in+ H g0 B5 _! _, {: r) Q; R
177. Speak-in
: x' o/ L4 }2 t! E 178. Guerrilla theater# O C7 ]" e9 T9 v- ^' {
179. Alternative social institutions. v: c) Z# {2 n+ B7 U
180. Alternative communication system7 N# G; T7 r \" `
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Economic Intervention
. |; E ^, [, z2 n0 O& ], L! g 181. Reverse strike
' L6 }" ? m7 h7 f5 h1 V 182. Stay-in strike8 f+ ^, O G$ g5 U7 i% P7 y
183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ G4 `4 a6 D) ^3 @ u8 W 184. Defiance of blockades
" ]+ E s- a. G- o 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
m# ^7 G/ r; Q" h( z% { 186. Preclusive purchasing5 R, n, k1 N4 I; S
187. Seizure of assets
/ g# Z# _ N2 E$ B+ b& g 188. Dumping1 j4 o3 X- `/ O4 I @, h
189. Selective patronage* G5 | A, S' M5 H
190. Alternative markets
8 |8 \' C* s, j5 ~ M: H 191. Alternative transportation systems
( u( \! i o! V( Q' n/ S% K 192. Alternative economic institutions: E& q: F' A0 z/ J/ h3 x
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Political Intervention
3 W6 w) U3 g4 f5 y! I 193. Overloading of administrative systems
: S8 D# g; r: a' Q4 ^ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ I" c( x. j" Y( v }6 c 195. Seeking imprisonment
* E- ?. [# _ o6 G: _ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ L* U( g6 ?, x" j2 ]; s
197. Work-on without collaboration% X' M, m8 b+ w6 U4 A' D3 n
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. u# B; `/ e$ ~. Z6 l" f& D% E
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
