 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
1 R. w& W p" s% P5 K0 t4 L! p2 VFormal Statements
3 W: m& B1 _- P5 k 1. Public Speeches O( r: X2 O1 C9 h# n z
2. Letters of opposition or support
, k0 ]( t/ ?. g6 a# v 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; Q* j% a+ n8 X: l, U+ d: C
4. Signed public statements7 W- |5 R: F5 ]$ ~9 H( U
5. Declarations of indictment and intention$ l$ b; B! W3 E1 f+ u# y2 n
6. Group or mass petitions$ l+ H0 R7 I6 f/ G0 ^$ \/ G
) _( \6 L# Q9 Z
Communications with a Wider Audience! \+ o* i* g _% Z0 b- u
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 R( T% W. U4 G4 k) V
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 k( w4 R6 y5 W. }! D4 c. `- t
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' }' j9 I; f2 b x! ~' u 10. Newspapers and journals
3 ~3 m0 q, t" S& G- q/ a 11. Records, radio, and television( A$ u: v% \" L1 _4 t3 K
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 h8 M% C3 |$ S4 ^9 w" C/ M6 U$ g* Z' G, t
Group Representations+ {: t+ Y9 I6 W
13. Deputations
6 _6 I% X0 J' Q. e+ z 14. Mock awards
4 c6 X* U. w& F 15. Group lobbying7 n6 S5 z6 f7 V; Z! Y! B
16. Picketing
! }: v' g; D. {1 @5 p, t: f 17. Mock elections! u3 Q4 k6 n" O7 {4 U( ^* W
. u; b% A. q- l* \6 A& ~Symbolic Public Acts
- r& [/ G4 D% J9 r! H5 g 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) T7 h0 {# A* W9 x" U' n9 E
19. Wearing of symbols, h, f& [6 ?5 K$ O9 L% M: x/ K
20. Prayer and worship
0 w; D- Y8 V5 `, {3 P 21. Delivering symbolic objects8 k6 g) \5 A+ ? W+ O/ V
22. Protest disrobings
7 `' U/ ~2 Y2 g ~ 23. Destruction of own property
2 A2 y5 K* T9 p" \ 24. Symbolic lights
( I/ g( G3 z A; I+ w, f2 q5 p 25. Displays of portraits- O/ r* z7 Q9 ]
26. Paint as protest
. Q5 V: T' `) d% d' S7 } 27. New signs and names' ?9 Y. A. }9 n( f; X
28. Symbolic sounds7 a9 o5 s! n* p, D" M3 M! {
29. Symbolic reclamations( b; V! \6 @+ ?# S R
30. Rude gestures Y# y; j8 c- G9 y7 W
$ ?1 f3 a9 r% Q3 C+ ^$ e* WPressures on Individuals
* ~1 t- g7 _6 G7 v0 x 31. “Haunting” officials4 {% Q8 k" g# X4 p& X! a
32. Taunting officials
3 R$ P, j# s) @; l2 N 33. Fraternization! }' D7 m+ ]) D" H5 Y# ~
34. Vigils
! b) X9 s' k; k7 p, D9 H0 }
4 u) a3 t: {5 f$ q* qDrama and Music
# n0 a9 I* E/ \, c* t J 35. Humorous skits and pranks& f7 A/ b* ~% Q0 [; Z' _% S
36. Performances of plays and music
$ N- N9 T/ n1 d" V( k( Z: o2 A; z 37. Singing
/ l" u) u6 h+ o; C, r/ x4 p4 c C% L: {
Processions$ U' e( w/ G% E& D* H
38. Marches
0 s/ T. J5 b0 J; ?( V 39. Parades
@3 W1 n1 G! V' R9 Q" l) j 40. Religious processions$ G( \% m6 n ~- n
41. Pilgrimages
" G% s& _6 a5 ?7 l) m3 ^+ I8 j 42. Motorcades
, ^( v/ E7 m0 W/ Q, V* u
; b4 {1 r; A( h* tHonoring the Dead
% O& [* a; J5 W, j {7 e- h- T 43. Political mourning
6 h. A- j% h7 z 44. Mock funerals* b* _) X1 f9 C: x. E1 R! P2 Y
45. Demonstrative funerals
5 r. U L0 Y$ Q. Z1 H. f: h4 Q 46. Homage at burial places; b- `1 {0 {# D2 D3 M
; M& B! D a8 ~3 }7 e# R
Public Assemblies
$ B) p9 c4 V- ]5 U9 Q: N, e 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ `" [4 U6 C9 d& ?
48. Protest meetings* h3 g+ M8 u- W) y) w2 d+ i9 P
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 B0 }8 w# J, `
50. Teach-ins
g h m* S6 g5 K5 ]- j
( {" {! f- e# ?' e9 @4 A0 JWithdrawal and Renunciation
9 d# V1 |1 v1 @: T& {. T' C. P 51. Walk-outs+ a: k3 \% U+ i% G/ H
52. Silence+ D2 {& o) I4 B0 |/ n
53. Renouncing honors
% X! v7 [+ A6 e t: h1 y 54. Turning one’s back- [1 _0 d7 ]" p7 e/ |! A9 E
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6 {* `( N! z$ I( F2 z
: P- l3 K: g% S6 f2 P. @6 t0 [THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION5 X6 L9 A1 m. k$ y
5 j& K7 m* M! Q" x
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' ?" V7 X$ m8 C7 r3 |* Y8 I5 lOstracism of Persons
$ J9 c! z0 g s# |* B, o 55. Social boycott
; ~, {0 A! j# e! v9 V" n; G4 b 56. Selective social boycott
$ Y! k: b F- P5 t) ^ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ c2 K& j q/ u( K- Q 58. Excommunication
4 X, G9 G& V+ ]2 Y5 {6 U- B8 B# n 59. Interdict
2 k# V( l' V+ @1 p6 T5 U
* p( s$ Y- @! c- ANoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ F+ g: [* @# u, o 60. Suspension of social and sports activities% @2 l" F8 \2 ]1 [. D
61. Boycott of social affairs
; Z; @( q6 ], o 62. Student strike9 G- k E% ?$ P3 d I) A. c6 |& h
63. Social disobedience. o1 [& F, K: f! ]9 N4 y( e2 \
64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 p8 k& B% j& n7 }) ]
" ^9 C% q! C1 ~, W6 D6 VWithdrawal from the Social System+ l$ v% | `2 R/ m% H: d4 |; I
65. Stay-at-home: q" j5 W6 R9 M! ~* u/ j8 F5 F/ L
66. Total personal noncooperation
' G4 }6 r% V4 t' X( _% j9 W* e) k 67. “Flight” of workers; N/ a8 `3 q5 _& x, U5 C6 l% x5 H
68. Sanctuary. ^$ k9 ~. X% T( F4 \. R y9 H# a
69. Collective disappearance: l5 B, k- ^9 O: e* `+ I' ^, Y3 E
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. q% q8 n1 l: z: L) F# Z+ k( C& \
8 e( p$ M# d. b7 o, d2 o0 I1 N/ w1 Y
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Actions by Consumers
$ Q4 D# y4 N) f- Q. V 71. Consumers’ boycott
7 U) S% f' X8 g5 }; Q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' j+ J; x. F( ?! y& A+ O: q4 p 73. Policy of austerity# s' g# D* R" C) M! u4 o) _. U! e
74. Rent withholding
. u: [5 x: v4 v. ~4 k 75. Refusal to rent7 Q4 V4 |9 c" v8 {) k G
76. National consumers’ boycott
" B- ~4 r1 H5 y8 F: ] 77. International consumers’ boycott
4 J) K5 x" n# T% o5 K0 B
" M/ m# k2 I% P& L; l% uAction by Workers and Producers
9 C: M' Z% f/ I 78. Workmen’s boycott
6 p) U o% R& g) L+ K) X 79. Producers’ boycott
6 Y7 ]% Z+ r( g% T6 `, R6 D/ y/ q5 u8 w0 e. g
Action by Middlemen2 z& f2 J$ `8 M+ E j: ?' ?! R/ y& g
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott. M T7 a- m" \6 N+ s( P
4 C% c5 u; @) _6 u v/ v' h5 Z# v# g4 p
Action by Owners and Management
Y9 l! t3 V2 T J% Z( Z# ? 81. Traders’ boycott
% a7 m# `& a' A6 A% a5 h 82. Refusal to let or sell property3 I/ r: O# M* ~* n' c6 W6 i
83. Lockout
1 z8 o% a* N3 s 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ G5 q6 l, l! T& V 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ r/ B3 F* ~0 G6 D& u7 q2 H8 W h y t1 K2 ?: i9 G: ]* \
Action by Holders of Financial Resources% a) F0 W) c+ h, z
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. I& C- L0 |& G
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! L$ Q( y4 ?( g: f
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 \+ u5 x) O* r. t& q8 a6 K 89. Severance of funds and credit
7 W' o( u5 H0 t* m 90. Revenue refusal, B& v- l8 ?$ X& I% ^5 k& k
91. Refusal of a government’s money& Q- {) M6 @+ Y
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Action by Governments
8 t2 f- ~( e L8 g 92. Domestic embargo
7 L: L: f( Q5 z/ v 93. Blacklisting of traders. ?4 m+ ], p% P. |5 }6 _
94. International sellers’ embargo
; \# y k+ ~* Y: m0 a* s! T 95. International buyers’ embargo
. Z. ]4 L! f; X, Y+ q 96. International trade embargo/ {5 Z' v& c7 R+ Y* {% w
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5 g- T# w# v+ }3 W5 B2 s- V- s6 n. u3 l
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
0 D& C* W9 h* z( Z; R) v$ P, j$ k f: }% z4 C" A# G2 X+ \, P
, u- p' r7 z! k; A5 ^' ~Symbolic Strikes+ O$ j5 ?' Y# J- e
97. Protest strike8 c `* ~- d$ d F* f+ A$ c
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# \7 V& y% n# L \
6 ^) ^& S6 I) E* N5 Z) tAgricultural Strikes! u* w0 K$ g% P( F2 @) a/ V7 V
99. Peasant strike' {, z: a. A0 }# x" G G# y
100. Farm Workers’ strike6 A$ X# o. j6 u" Y) H4 E! \$ s0 f& ]" x
* T i$ i! W+ DStrikes by Special Groups2 U" z+ V9 I' I9 u; H V
101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 e( k) r* y5 q; f8 N. } 102. Prisoners’ strike
* U/ p; {' W0 Y& p- \) ? 103. Craft strike
, P+ x! U9 |8 R- _, a 104. Professional strike
4 b% z; B; f& P" _* K* ]5 D' q. A% D
Ordinary Industrial Strikes2 [9 s1 S4 u! U5 j0 x
105. Establishment strike. d. L- T# f& P# y8 c+ |0 T) Z
106. Industry strike& F R$ F. L7 O& C4 l$ C
107. Sympathetic strike
3 p) v8 J# C, t. p/ F( H0 ?5 @# ~" D7 B7 v2 r& B7 v
Restricted Strikes
) m3 f9 G& z! a" x$ e ?0 n& A5 c 108. Detailed strike/ |6 I+ x$ ~ f9 x( _0 f$ K
109. Bumper strike
, K7 s, T' \) R5 J \" D! C6 w 110. Slowdown strike% W$ Z- A5 g9 g( o# I5 d- \
111. Working-to-rule strike2 P3 r, s+ e; i1 ]
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 Y n0 W7 y9 o/ f8 A2 w$ e 113. Strike by resignation, J7 J8 N1 o; z' w
114. Limited strike+ L0 b2 ]/ S L* \/ i8 H4 B
115. Selective strike7 \, L! k0 y- m7 Y
4 z: U+ p; l& h
Multi-Industry Strikes
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' e, c$ {1 j* [. w* K 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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% p' m9 e, t3 U7 g% E A2 oCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures' ~! N5 b" E& }) E
* }8 D: P$ {( m! L$ {0 G, r8 M
118. Hartal
7 D$ {3 v" @8 [( M8 k+ |. q0 B' M( W0 c3 f
119. Economic shutdown6 p6 o3 {$ D% h/ B! O
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1 t8 ^$ G9 I: b: B. `' [0 w) k8 N
9 N! l# V; o3 ] N
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" ^) D" O4 v8 k F D
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( x j5 r) X+ g0 D5 x/ ?Rejection of Authority' n2 b9 {( z% T4 S& D
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 U$ t: y0 V. `% r/ D- P
121. Refusal of public support
; `4 T7 O! s, y5 ^* h& \ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 y3 P# E h( o" \! a4 ]- K/ V% l
% g% Q. t& @ K3 d0 u. K: i) t6 JCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
5 i+ F4 i- Z4 o+ F 123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 D0 W# y1 ~1 {5 }8 Z6 h
124. Boycott of elections
6 Y f _8 g+ l2 K( L2 | 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# i# x7 U# p9 n% S9 G) o0 E 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, g# c3 R7 E2 J( _1 ]6 Y+ n 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& C$ s. M L/ _ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations$ K& P$ J8 n# O
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 v! W2 H& F. S0 Q5 [( M t 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. P9 A5 A# f" p, k- t3 G2 i/ ]1 u5 h 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 s2 G6 g# ]6 ~ k3 ~! }( B+ U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; H, [9 Y9 _: R( |3 p& w, f1 w
: ^, V5 e+ X8 | {- n8 ~Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 ]1 Y' o+ | s/ }/ d% A" N+ c2 y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
4 N& F. z) J1 b% W 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 ^# x& G: i# b; m7 Y8 m' P0 I8 _! n
135. Popular nonobedience% n/ ^$ L: v$ B' f) Y
136. Disguised disobedience
5 Y4 R- ~2 R# T% l 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 Y* _& i6 Z! E2 S2 C C 138. Sitdown$ ?0 f" s2 U: U% F9 \5 M& m
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& i4 _' ~7 l7 g' v$ d
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ I" E( j; M7 { w; l. l
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' t! i' w0 ~" C/ _/ A
% F; N) ?0 t/ K3 p& U2 @Action by Government Personnel
/ n- P2 }6 X& g! k# M- Y 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 ~+ z+ v& _ q1 @% T
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 e, w( U6 v" N) ~ 144. Stalling and obstruction7 i6 p1 A$ W+ P' O6 L1 p9 J! D3 X
145. General administrative noncooperation
9 l7 I; t. Z6 C6 `" n' k# i R5 R7 } P* o
146. Judicial noncooperation
+ F$ Q7 R7 \1 j 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! z( ]& G* g% z, S0 P/ j 148. Mutiny
2 s. i% q n; H; i1 tDomestic Governmental Action) j0 T% d# @, B9 {
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: D- W! U2 ? Y4 ~9 x0 i9 B 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' X8 A* u8 m* @8 R1 r0 \) B
# L6 i* R6 B+ x6 i2 ]International Governmental Action- e5 ~% \5 G- D9 M: G
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: y( Y$ I& b, p8 y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" V# Q1 F8 D; A8 M2 k) m$ ] 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 O2 G {4 O7 T1 F5 A 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
3 h' M* p2 C" s1 J# B4 { 155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 e. x! h- r# H6 x
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) L ^& Q3 y! T! Q, x! ?
157. Expulsion from international organizations: j" P( `/ `0 x& t& i( n
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& L' T! Y- @; R9 s# ?# [/ N
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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. q: v, f+ X8 M" L+ y$ k- xPsychological Intervention
0 T6 C6 H" j' Q6 A6 O$ Q f 158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 _$ |- R& d, s6 H 159. The fast
, g& q4 A6 M2 I+ I6 E+ { a) Fast of moral pressure9 a. q) e! E3 }& S+ n
b) Hunger strike& V, V5 O% B& f$ j: H0 |4 c
c) Satyagrahic fast7 L4 t/ F. G$ {9 a
160. Reverse trial
$ {: A" a% J5 H7 Y3 P 161. Nonviolent harassment
) K* R; D W; a, B1 j5 n
; S1 W6 A2 K+ Z# c/ B& {& [: DPhysical Intervention2 X# ~- d& [4 j0 c- D0 T
162. Sit-in: k* J& b/ c6 A# A' x; p
163. Stand-in
' R% C1 C. `8 @1 h- d 164. Ride-in
( h% M U# ?% r" S+ u* S, W- A9 [ 165. Wade-in
4 q$ K+ l5 m7 `& O d' P, S 166. Mill-in- p, I2 G# W" \% z" r
167. Pray-in
: \+ l6 p! d$ ] 168. Nonviolent raids
; i1 k: _8 _% Z: n { 169. Nonviolent air raids
! g; k9 g4 f5 G- Y% O0 Z! _ 170. Nonviolent invasion# z: A8 h8 R3 @" j8 G
171. Nonviolent interjection, w4 p- d! \$ c
172. Nonviolent obstruction% g% _- S4 E3 L9 w& V a
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention6 o% u9 [7 a1 @. z4 n
174. Establishing new social patterns
N: P2 b2 R& h, q R6 { 175. Overloading of facilities
) @& V% {' L5 I/ u* W7 y$ N* Q8 k* X 176. Stall-in
; v. @/ h# j) m' N Y( c% i 177. Speak-in3 N& i+ N/ x5 e' g! K# i) C9 C
178. Guerrilla theater$ z7 d2 i6 V* m6 [$ V
179. Alternative social institutions
3 v: [* {4 C6 _) R' V/ R. D 180. Alternative communication system' \+ I8 V: c# A8 h# X) e
& {6 y+ A* a! G( \: XEconomic Intervention
; e% z& c& V, E7 H$ T 181. Reverse strike
" Q2 a5 R# O+ o5 ] 182. Stay-in strike
9 ]+ m, R7 l# z/ Q( F 183. Nonviolent land seizure
: b5 t; S/ Q M# p 184. Defiance of blockades& V- w4 O5 H- j+ _/ C6 g- i; |
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
$ p: Q- ?2 f7 e2 g 186. Preclusive purchasing
. O1 m; _ r: Z" y1 D5 H 187. Seizure of assets. y. `1 S) w8 `! Q ~# I
188. Dumping
# n' ^- \4 y/ b% k$ y 189. Selective patronage
* A4 ^) P% K: d& T0 u9 P 190. Alternative markets. \) [# Q" _ q
191. Alternative transportation systems
6 _% F% i1 \: | 192. Alternative economic institutions: k+ i: K: k4 ]% h% J2 U
3 b7 u( k6 [# O$ L2 d& yPolitical Intervention
1 q8 z1 H/ W" p+ r \ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% E/ r6 `/ P) Y6 z( p. l 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents2 d5 X1 i3 O+ I% X, e# t
195. Seeking imprisonment# [3 X5 [: z* @8 `
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 E B ]1 b* j8 v" F 197. Work-on without collaboration) w6 S5 n M8 i. |6 W
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
