 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 [# i$ F0 c% A" z) \Formal Statements
8 @6 g) g; b. Q. s) x 1. Public Speeches
' }" E$ p" u0 L+ W% f6 b3 G2 M5 S 2. Letters of opposition or support6 x: b% x) b9 u+ z4 N
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: L# v6 e7 r5 P2 M 4. Signed public statements3 n7 r& |7 f! [0 u2 f l
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# S5 \% Q! W2 [7 b x9 f& N 6. Group or mass petitions) A B1 K! T4 i! \" u
+ X( |- Q: p# q) r0 I+ g
Communications with a Wider Audience
. R& n! E( u0 m* R+ c3 t/ H 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 x( {5 A+ W9 l 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 r1 @" M% v. D- C; _5 _ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 B' s/ {" K' L) l
10. Newspapers and journals: m: z2 O, K; |: W
11. Records, radio, and television) R9 W0 V. _3 s8 n$ a/ N* _9 P
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 F( T A6 _, o
6 S: r% k6 t8 w3 N Q0 l( YGroup Representations9 k) q1 j" L l: b; A
13. Deputations/ }0 w+ }8 _2 H) I
14. Mock awards0 J# B7 n" A; r5 J' J5 w% w6 Y
15. Group lobbying; I2 f5 T) H! Y
16. Picketing
0 v6 `1 Z( r+ w! R 17. Mock elections% }. Y3 U9 x* \; W0 L. {# O) y
7 W: Z1 y* z6 l8 P
Symbolic Public Acts5 u: {6 E; ?/ w; M3 N- |# n! @/ J6 J
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 o+ _% o7 a- {) G, U: |+ V9 `0 ` 19. Wearing of symbols- C/ C3 M x# k3 G8 Y* k \- |
20. Prayer and worship: B, F, P \6 f4 [% I" e
21. Delivering symbolic objects' \ d( H" n" I0 K
22. Protest disrobings7 V8 m5 F+ I' _2 J& {: t
23. Destruction of own property
) S1 Y3 A' j( {. B- C* R: ^2 l# ? 24. Symbolic lights. x% m2 A. y: y! F6 Q
25. Displays of portraits
5 v' L3 F* \; a; [ 26. Paint as protest9 h' Q8 \2 l }1 n" Z# R, ]
27. New signs and names2 V! R. k& k/ p4 k2 A
28. Symbolic sounds' U6 Z, v' a; ~6 E; b2 q9 |
29. Symbolic reclamations
! t# ?$ b! @; X1 O* b 30. Rude gestures$ C. w! z7 C4 x' Q( g4 J# d
8 ^# P3 ^5 C. o6 H4 S1 l% mPressures on Individuals
/ ~$ Z# E ?( `1 Q4 ]! A. D% H2 U2 N 31. “Haunting” officials
. h1 O& I& @3 x8 j5 a 32. Taunting officials5 L0 T2 d, }0 ^! w: J8 j3 O3 j( Q
33. Fraternization: j$ o0 Z" C4 i3 B
34. Vigils+ e6 q4 c% v' P& d6 C( H& w# f
+ Q3 |, E1 _( x6 k
Drama and Music1 T. h3 B; C2 H
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ n9 T) A. ~0 |- K6 B, z) C
36. Performances of plays and music
. q" m; _$ p3 I7 ]- o 37. Singing1 C6 k/ R: j" }# m) g$ R* L) u" _
% c; R: W: q$ o* EProcessions
/ n8 Q0 s9 D6 @% x) y) a 38. Marches
; l7 I, J" [) v- A 39. Parades
' v( @/ R$ m" R" s& p/ h$ Y 40. Religious processions
/ x4 N& Q3 \2 i+ z4 t 41. Pilgrimages
0 O; P5 r* D- x+ J! S 42. Motorcades
: Q4 O+ H9 ^& K5 e! f7 |* \3 }+ X: m
Honoring the Dead% _/ T0 L. e+ G. F \& b! x! n
43. Political mourning
" `, _. s- [8 H( P 44. Mock funerals
' D% {, B6 V$ v; n2 D0 n 45. Demonstrative funerals. D; ]$ v; w) O8 P Z
46. Homage at burial places
4 a w& G4 m8 j8 y9 ?* c2 Z0 v; P' s8 W( b
Public Assemblies. @8 c5 n# B O) g4 o: v
47. Assemblies of protest or support3 O1 {; T! \& c! X
48. Protest meetings5 f8 v3 M( a& D' O9 z( @8 C
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 w6 X. F: ^- A 50. Teach-ins
2 `, `, Q1 D$ g% @. J9 A J# P3 A! ?5 c" S& b; p
Withdrawal and Renunciation- X5 V2 P8 g9 w3 N! |# k4 I
51. Walk-outs9 s7 [' q/ R2 _6 m7 P) g
52. Silence
# k! Z3 I2 X7 }! C* |1 B2 f 53. Renouncing honors
& ~+ _2 z& m( J1 B2 H! z# a9 q 54. Turning one’s back
: K2 s( \, h3 G h9 N
6 `, K8 w' V+ h+ A) y
) X1 b& l/ b; m' f* z3 Q$ q! u: ^) g7 |' z0 r; x$ L% v
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
- c. {1 k- O3 ?' U3 ]9 r' h* f# S: t: |
2 T+ p, E! N5 }" u% o$ i4 }3 A/ |
: E& P% J7 l7 L7 G1 U$ A zOstracism of Persons! K9 X5 q2 z& Z8 i! @: H
55. Social boycott
" w1 I$ Q6 J# w4 x2 I 56. Selective social boycott9 P* ~2 p/ j5 V) O: K% ^- x2 `- i
57. Lysistratic nonaction
' _$ d2 j, j. u 58. Excommunication4 }/ r, u( i$ U# h
59. Interdict- k1 X8 p. B. `. m( D. a
# M( p: i! i) N/ sNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ I( R1 p& N- ~' G B5 t( ]
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
* T+ l! R( u. y" S8 D3 [8 T2 S 61. Boycott of social affairs
9 h# s1 ~$ {9 _' S 62. Student strike; c. c* q. Y0 g, }: B
63. Social disobedience8 V- ?$ |: r( {
64. Withdrawal from social institutions \* @3 K5 i$ Q X* d! ^- ~/ I
0 v) L3 |) b3 A& {, s
Withdrawal from the Social System( Z4 j' f+ J" `. e
65. Stay-at-home
3 J# _: k2 }: p d4 C 66. Total personal noncooperation
r! ^( F, H( q7 i6 o V6 } 67. “Flight” of workers
; ^$ j7 q" Y1 ~ 68. Sanctuary9 V0 U1 ]7 v0 ?; u, d2 R" [5 \1 e
69. Collective disappearance
* W7 N; T: Q* H, h 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ _; {7 O2 [( I# u8 \, j0 p$ y7 J1 }( V7 U
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
: J c2 V, d3 y# [* r
" [: x, C# b) T2 c' B, R8 [9 U
Z" e* e9 b3 S5 g) l. GActions by Consumers. v! J: B' o) J; x. X( ]1 }# g/ Q
71. Consumers’ boycott) m; }8 K' m! S. j# x
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
2 b( W) W" h, Y& S 73. Policy of austerity6 s6 Q$ U% O3 r8 W1 V. s
74. Rent withholding( b" Y" G$ `! j
75. Refusal to rent
. k2 r3 N; p3 v9 d6 g0 b 76. National consumers’ boycott7 M+ V/ c# b3 G3 e* u' v
77. International consumers’ boycott
3 Y* [6 u8 m( _- `
! l+ W6 ~( {* K: nAction by Workers and Producers0 B, B& G/ k* l; e; _( T' ~
78. Workmen’s boycott
% F' p6 Z6 @ Y9 t 79. Producers’ boycott
& J7 {6 B+ f( M: T0 T& R- E+ ] @, W# [! _& s8 G: b! ~7 t
Action by Middlemen' |* F# i( n' m9 y: _, z- F
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
' ?0 b& z4 S$ P. n
8 C' }1 j4 Q$ m4 ]5 I: |Action by Owners and Management
; e, d. X: U# K 81. Traders’ boycott
2 t9 r! v2 O+ _9 _5 {2 [' R+ } 82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 V0 W3 [# z- `; {5 j 83. Lockout9 i Y# x% }& B. R9 n/ O: T: l
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: S8 D! \: r0 y5 i I5 ^+ A; u! g$ _3 I 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ z( M; P% ~5 ~, ?3 q- x6 H
$ O: `. w% W, vAction by Holders of Financial Resources
$ F" l% m! L* J8 m7 ]- [ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 C3 @+ g4 M. p( ]
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ ~1 ]+ k! }: |: k, G 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest$ e/ a( s4 b* I7 j
89. Severance of funds and credit
$ ^* u! W( C) x6 x0 u- V 90. Revenue refusal
' R& G- U3 |$ l' M" a( e 91. Refusal of a government’s money' R5 u! N& R$ p6 n3 G; F% k0 a% \, o
' G+ r# n" K+ f, B8 N' l MAction by Governments6 F6 z3 ^( k) u8 r7 q5 b
92. Domestic embargo
3 R, r7 r' H: s9 R% e+ T 93. Blacklisting of traders
" j Y+ C/ T, ~! M! @ 94. International sellers’ embargo& E; k/ m! s6 I' E
95. International buyers’ embargo: O2 ?, E* O+ H* B# b
96. International trade embargo" h2 o& D" I( U7 H4 q" e- K
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 |4 @- N( X b- s9 R7 K- l# z
4 M( M' y* Q' {1 D
# C7 z$ A" @; i2 ~5 [$ n- \/ J/ H
Symbolic Strikes6 }' |3 M+ {, G9 O7 m9 x) O
97. Protest strike% F4 ]9 H! i# P$ k2 {% b
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- D6 Y+ }1 k" o! M
6 K* d" F/ d, h; V' g
Agricultural Strikes0 K0 F. @! q% V0 f b9 X) a
99. Peasant strike4 W. ~. w) V1 T4 }5 y$ i/ |2 W
100. Farm Workers’ strike# g% Y& s- g2 t4 m; d/ S
' u9 d9 l) F8 @- j9 a" ~Strikes by Special Groups/ o# M) Z, N' B+ S
101. Refusal of impressed labor( R. x; G/ S8 x& k& x
102. Prisoners’ strike3 u0 y, O2 m# g1 U$ m* T7 F
103. Craft strike
9 f$ _8 h) Q1 T 104. Professional strike+ U4 J/ A7 U0 `$ D
8 _9 b" C* g. k0 ~) t
Ordinary Industrial Strikes% C: a0 ^" V n# a" @
105. Establishment strike/ A* A( C" C+ s. r: s4 u
106. Industry strike3 @. R: n s0 a( f- F4 `1 w
107. Sympathetic strike
* c/ _" k# B" F
" I2 @+ _, ~& i; e8 R$ ^6 XRestricted Strikes
2 p% [+ }7 s. L- j 108. Detailed strike$ r% W8 B) }; m! u
109. Bumper strike
/ J/ ^/ V' g- `# g: R# r 110. Slowdown strike1 F+ R3 t- x- j+ K* a2 L
111. Working-to-rule strike
* b" G5 K* J0 v' T8 J 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 [3 n9 G* w5 Y! d8 S
113. Strike by resignation
0 N: Z! D9 X+ ?3 O 114. Limited strike
! }$ b1 x, A; r4 Q. W* M 115. Selective strike
! r/ T$ F+ B, P* r/ f6 E8 O
1 e9 ] V" D# e1 vMulti-Industry Strikes
& I6 i6 A0 f9 i5 m7 `& i) V" |; w1 ?, b
116. Generalized strike$ X9 x7 l0 Y7 \: g3 q% n
/ `. B% t8 H9 |6 H8 j
117. General strike- b, {' d2 p0 L5 }, `
8 g. d! V0 t3 c, }% E( aCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
: h: u$ p: ]% K: l7 W! h! X0 q* y
: c/ D( d( J; i: | 118. Hartal% ^, [* l! `3 K
* Y5 k6 u# V C8 v- K
119. Economic shutdown
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& d' H& Y1 P* m' E! M) FTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 b) M7 O7 m' [7 B! i5 \3 P' r1 }
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Rejection of Authority
0 z' k; l! @& B! w 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; Y7 D$ V" b7 M3 J 121. Refusal of public support
: r6 j) t! w4 b4 d" V7 u 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance' |6 d6 r. w8 q3 Y3 M# E, U
6 q. \' {1 b9 K/ N, V. gCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government }$ y5 Z5 N# |+ S* G/ m
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
3 i R" p4 |& N8 U0 s 124. Boycott of elections
' y1 m1 J$ j% u 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! Y7 d- A6 D3 e5 Y; E; R 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
7 P7 Q/ j8 p y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 F5 \+ F: s5 B5 ]9 V 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ H5 m8 q5 C1 s* c |# Z( _2 T 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# [4 Q' O! l6 ?: M/ a 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# F* h" d* I! A1 @6 `2 _ C4 V 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* G0 {" o4 p2 } i8 P$ }6 r# ^# _ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions( t5 m+ s8 F$ D4 f4 Y$ }' G
1 X, g, V: ]& Q( w$ BCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 }7 ~; F7 K! D5 K4 q' ]/ t 133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 [' q. p- n6 {
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 m5 w! u% B( n7 ^& l
135. Popular nonobedience
8 A1 N8 O6 H, e7 q# `7 d 136. Disguised disobedience2 O0 z# |/ W: c2 a: N
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# B9 ]0 [# g1 |1 F, m7 W
138. Sitdown9 g& B& Q2 u% A: y5 f$ v* e R
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' X X. J' f8 g, J8 k) a
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' b, X3 M$ h0 U3 Y. ]8 X. y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' {) u9 V. c: ]7 y
- T4 I7 Q5 E, ^6 hAction by Government Personnel
, Z+ \( Z6 I: {5 E9 X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
) T% {0 V9 x2 i9 |9 |$ Q& D6 d 143. Blocking of lines of command and information) L m/ [3 N: N& f4 M& V+ N- z
144. Stalling and obstruction3 }% n* f W' C9 d' C
145. General administrative noncooperation
- _1 P/ x* Z5 v2 {$ n/ ~1 ? d
$ C k, [4 U/ I 146. Judicial noncooperation" N! X7 D9 p" h4 V
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% y6 B9 W: C. e# W4 n 148. Mutiny( I. X, ~5 }& l9 |" G& t
Domestic Governmental Action5 @& r& E e( s
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, ^) E- z1 ~% y, |" Y# Q! C. ? 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. F' Q3 J9 c% u* x2 \9 F
1 y) q- ]- k: Z: H+ kInternational Governmental Action8 k+ [, p! x; o, R
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* P3 ~+ u8 c6 V; X* t 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events ?9 D4 d0 w, y% m" e
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! @5 i6 I: B9 `- R8 J
154. Severance of diplomatic relations n6 {6 ^2 [6 [3 e- B7 l
155. Withdrawal from international organizations* O1 \6 r" ?* O9 H3 u- e
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 J u" i( f O
157. Expulsion from international organizations
! U+ C8 E6 f7 Z- ^7 O- [7 H, N8 D! ]4 u s \2 `+ Q0 j; z& ~- V
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION `2 J; Y' [! l" a4 W
8 G( [& u2 @' t% c( t5 P- ~
. d/ P1 j# }% p& p' S4 D3 EPsychological Intervention
: L8 X% R- b7 }1 y! y' B7 X 158. Self-exposure to the elements/ d h0 b/ a9 _& _% U' ?
159. The fast* Y# `* B- l6 n8 U0 @
a) Fast of moral pressure, Q p; g8 S! G6 _6 v. K" B! t
b) Hunger strike/ l5 {# K& S( l2 p; b+ J
c) Satyagrahic fast
3 x% g$ h: N% z! b8 M0 l 160. Reverse trial1 U: G% Z7 H' N$ X7 Z* E& J8 m8 @ c
161. Nonviolent harassment$ Y L! G2 S" \" v' O
+ i- G& t. v9 y+ ?0 f& ~Physical Intervention6 ^8 y9 p* L& k
162. Sit-in2 {7 V n8 r: n# y2 y$ ]
163. Stand-in" a) B0 t' c e9 k! Y
164. Ride-in
2 N$ \3 `( d% Q t7 L4 d' g/ |2 T, y 165. Wade-in1 r) n% [3 ^& ^2 E
166. Mill-in
; F% G0 Q9 o, J6 Y; F9 {) G) x 167. Pray-in, P& w$ B0 m! ]2 T( M
168. Nonviolent raids
6 b2 i- P* T, r S _ 169. Nonviolent air raids
7 O6 T5 |- X+ h0 }. `! n 170. Nonviolent invasion
+ j) a: `' @, h, o0 w. b- S1 q- i 171. Nonviolent interjection
' Z- a+ V# L4 o( P 172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 M+ i# B. _/ {1 e 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention. V: b1 m" v; g p
174. Establishing new social patterns
% k5 Z z2 r, b) _ 175. Overloading of facilities X& I( b5 Y1 K
176. Stall-in
0 V- j8 L0 a: t1 ]+ H6 h! d. A 177. Speak-in
2 E8 r% O1 X* W c5 u- L# T3 C' h 178. Guerrilla theater
2 v- J' F* U. h' ~ 179. Alternative social institutions
+ L0 D" B% V1 y9 k0 _ 180. Alternative communication system
# X2 H9 r6 g z/ [# @! G$ r ?. ^3 B7 C4 t$ w: Y6 Y6 [9 I, @8 ~
Economic Intervention# K/ C; [ N* Y/ {
181. Reverse strike
8 B3 M- G# Q3 r2 E4 Y3 ]8 L 182. Stay-in strike
) S7 u0 q6 A! x& m d$ p 183. Nonviolent land seizure, H) \ z r) S" M
184. Defiance of blockades
" r G# ]' R* u1 b 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! v- C0 ^7 g ~7 C; J2 V 186. Preclusive purchasing: t& p7 p/ \" i" r8 T1 d9 u
187. Seizure of assets0 E( k% r$ A) k5 l) L3 d
188. Dumping9 p% ]7 I4 e. u/ }
189. Selective patronage# G2 }5 b- w, {2 x. Q
190. Alternative markets/ k; U3 X: z/ }# `! C6 \2 Y
191. Alternative transportation systems
@5 o. V5 B+ x 192. Alternative economic institutions
# y1 v ^& t7 D/ v& J7 B5 ^4 e3 }+ r- U5 K
Political Intervention( z( I: a$ e- o) U) U2 Y- i
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 L7 g4 b: j. n) `1 B7 a A, s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! K& c9 P) a5 @! D; C- E 195. Seeking imprisonment
3 ?9 C; F2 L8 v3 d8 f- d 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* W5 F/ w n2 a 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 C3 V6 ^. V) Y9 J9 Q8 { 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ u. Z5 m5 d% `2 |( d' C8 o: e% J
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
