 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, _- O% J* l7 m7 f! M/ sFormal Statements
" R' c% v& j; }6 g6 b% q 1. Public Speeches; @: C |+ `7 F" v( b9 c9 ^
2. Letters of opposition or support
, ~8 D& ~- J; o 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 F6 g& r0 @7 k+ h: k
4. Signed public statements" D" h: q c3 A6 D' T7 G% g. s" I5 H
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ [ N+ ]& Q: y" ~) g: f! j9 ~ 6. Group or mass petitions. F9 N0 {8 r- P# G& N
" Z5 [ G# C8 a7 \) B7 N
Communications with a Wider Audience6 [) t0 j) h ]; ]/ p6 l8 ?" e
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% E8 c. ~+ D% \$ Y; m" M 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
/ C1 l: j3 `% P$ U8 r6 k# I1 L6 ^ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
F0 p; L! P2 D9 t) a' X/ x4 d 10. Newspapers and journals* E! j8 T* k e8 ^
11. Records, radio, and television
/ H- e; x O. {( B* T* Z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# F, q- a: M4 H# C @' \0 o8 K, b7 f# w& o5 n i
Group Representations5 t( I' T& O& W6 s% E: Z S/ C( s3 o$ E
13. Deputations v: M& D' ~8 k6 g
14. Mock awards. i; ^4 U( b/ J9 ^. g
15. Group lobbying7 @, n! W1 x6 x/ b
16. Picketing8 J& y7 l0 \* l. j- G4 q) ~* X2 |
17. Mock elections
, ~7 D# u c/ g+ C
" k& I9 s' y# K: K# ?! bSymbolic Public Acts2 H6 E/ J9 `+ h1 @6 {
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 P% c# F" j" \" g: H 19. Wearing of symbols
! e: @# {1 z1 w2 M 20. Prayer and worship
* m( R3 d2 m, N8 ~7 @8 D z 21. Delivering symbolic objects
% u1 \1 z0 _- y* Y/ Y( W7 j 22. Protest disrobings! ?6 f6 I- O5 q! F1 H7 R
23. Destruction of own property
1 w5 O7 X) J7 r" c 24. Symbolic lights' m9 t3 w3 V" w( G2 m$ s) [
25. Displays of portraits& z4 D3 x; i. ]
26. Paint as protest$ V& F# q+ h k" i; @7 O
27. New signs and names% o; x$ q- \! C& I) L$ b
28. Symbolic sounds& R3 A8 _- _- e; c2 p
29. Symbolic reclamations; n. i# y3 v6 ?7 N) U& I( r. H9 J1 Y
30. Rude gestures( _" Z/ m) l9 [4 S
) u/ d, L1 O0 V1 }Pressures on Individuals
3 v0 t$ t u4 v6 J s 31. “Haunting” officials+ p7 p& H! `! J4 K. g
32. Taunting officials
1 Y% O8 `) m/ J6 u) t l 33. Fraternization
. ^ j' d" K& n' a" p, y 34. Vigils1 [- {8 q0 w& r' }/ I
}; C) E6 \1 Q: I( s" a9 CDrama and Music5 R- [" F6 a# S( {" I) D
35. Humorous skits and pranks
6 D2 O0 m3 o M Z, ?$ X( c' C 36. Performances of plays and music
" E4 a T% Y( M3 P7 G* |6 H 37. Singing. _5 t& {2 }' l6 P0 F& d
' @7 F* ?1 Q3 Z. T
Processions
8 I+ ` }( l; e) u4 c( N 38. Marches& m& j# A3 i8 V3 b# Q5 O- K
39. Parades, }% x7 O5 _- @! y4 s' b9 m
40. Religious processions
: W9 Y; n) {8 V1 w! I. i4 h 41. Pilgrimages0 }2 g* G4 B9 x4 r
42. Motorcades- g5 l9 i, F* G
' ~5 d7 |6 c8 qHonoring the Dead3 t/ z8 j0 @ B' d
43. Political mourning5 q; M( {2 c7 E8 _3 m. G
44. Mock funerals. c% p9 j* I$ s' y8 [" l
45. Demonstrative funerals. h- n+ l# y) [$ V
46. Homage at burial places7 f$ s+ U& d# L! b7 X! F7 o- s
- g. F- M( s. z! ~' S1 _
Public Assemblies
. P6 ~* C+ D3 O" c3 Y 47. Assemblies of protest or support2 j; O. Q2 p: ?* B* h9 u
48. Protest meetings
; N% f; C/ P8 l8 l 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 W1 o) i/ ?- j/ b
50. Teach-ins
. P- ~: m" V1 E, O% y0 ]: x' q( R, d( `; S( X
Withdrawal and Renunciation
+ P2 ~+ r/ c0 t8 g1 S4 r 51. Walk-outs
4 P: H5 R$ ^ p7 @ L 52. Silence
" s' S2 ?5 \+ Z2 z8 l; H; j 53. Renouncing honors e$ g9 o8 N/ R2 `( y
54. Turning one’s back7 C; {" }3 ?; |
2 `7 F) c/ C7 X$ J3 n
( i: G" p. y) s9 a8 [0 n, o. w
. }" j" n( [& W" s$ cTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" T1 ?, m, y% _
9 f! ?& i z- L' W# x/ \" r9 [
' S, Z! G# ]7 f0 t n# F# I! J# m
Ostracism of Persons
$ a4 @# i9 O( E/ R 55. Social boycott7 z2 a# m! s; F, ~
56. Selective social boycott
/ O- Z5 H: _" ^& M% a/ H 57. Lysistratic nonaction
* M- }: ~$ i8 w q5 c 58. Excommunication
' j( a7 x* J6 Z0 f 59. Interdict+ q! H# M& F4 }+ j- v3 b+ v; V
+ `6 n5 Z+ G8 _1 Y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
?8 K. `' T& A% B- @$ p 60. Suspension of social and sports activities% ? z0 N1 F; q1 I6 R( d
61. Boycott of social affairs
! {# ] U, K% V 62. Student strike
5 w& W; y+ L4 B5 {# ]' F 63. Social disobedience" p8 l! E! _. K$ k( K; S/ x
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 F3 c! L% v: C3 K8 o' a) D
" N% C: [2 [. e, z: t0 v* lWithdrawal from the Social System
0 ]! V9 r4 k1 \' c$ Z7 H5 f. P 65. Stay-at-home4 n3 i% ^; j/ K5 {' Q
66. Total personal noncooperation5 `& m( V, N; R, t) W
67. “Flight” of workers
$ R) {9 G) ?+ c: d$ K 68. Sanctuary
0 H) w- b, f( t* y0 T( C0 S- R+ l) S 69. Collective disappearance* s" g# N8 C6 Z" `
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
: g; N6 ^8 J0 R" Y0 k
5 O. w, W1 G, D+ R) G
/ u# i L2 Q9 P3 K* G$ |7 b) x j7 C0 W
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 D% ~& @ ^9 p& J& O- i/ B7 m% k
7 L% Z& ] q" }
1 t. X7 y2 o; \) RActions by Consumers ]) D! e8 R6 r) A7 G0 K9 i
71. Consumers’ boycott0 x- p) z6 L z
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. Z6 c+ t! `. {" E) {. n( Y, t4 l5 |: \5 G
73. Policy of austerity; P Q' V$ W5 J5 t3 F3 k
74. Rent withholding
7 K3 s+ x/ d: O, _: P% d ` 75. Refusal to rent* _ a4 H, `1 ^
76. National consumers’ boycott5 z% O/ V: ]/ N' Y% f- t6 J
77. International consumers’ boycott8 {" \, @/ Y- R( F5 k
9 e; Q9 h6 v2 ^4 I7 i
Action by Workers and Producers
& X. r9 y3 H* x, p8 h 78. Workmen’s boycott4 c' m% x* ~% n6 c) g" {7 i8 P
79. Producers’ boycott
0 s- ^' W1 r$ T; x5 H# P/ U
0 J7 C( L* z- O# Y8 YAction by Middlemen
( b; ]# m6 d" | 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 k+ F" G: t3 E D9 A! l9 M5 v
, J, T N6 U4 ]9 _# H! t) u, T8 K6 wAction by Owners and Management% L# a* \) [, ^1 ], m
81. Traders’ boycott
' }& {# D4 K6 L! l6 V+ { 82. Refusal to let or sell property9 f% |6 \. W$ c
83. Lockout5 i2 Z6 K7 q. {9 G$ C! U# d3 C/ |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& j3 L6 I n7 Y% c# o7 D( L 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ t. q4 Q3 {4 i# H5 l* D( D4 |( b& q$ Y7 O. C+ c
Action by Holders of Financial Resources( U1 A: y* j! G
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 m& o# P7 V; V+ Y+ ^0 U
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) K1 a. Y1 f1 d& k7 j6 ~5 W, R
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! K, S7 S; c2 u8 n" J! [ 89. Severance of funds and credit
( G ^! `9 d: b2 g7 A* J 90. Revenue refusal) H% w4 Z8 f1 F" t0 V; g3 _
91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ Y( i3 U" D1 e+ ?" d1 q
0 G" V( S* T7 sAction by Governments( V! T% U) p% C4 `
92. Domestic embargo( _, h, B2 A+ @/ h: O( P
93. Blacklisting of traders6 ^# j5 x4 _0 u5 G
94. International sellers’ embargo
s. T+ ^, u) j2 q# b; m 95. International buyers’ embargo/ o0 f1 Y$ w; x2 k
96. International trade embargo) i, z$ g4 n( N, K$ f
2 k- ]9 ?* L7 s' y2 a
2 M) w6 G J+ K$ E; J7 V# E! L
" t# f0 L& F* v$ M0 YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE s _. L0 V8 B v2 O' J0 W
% c$ ~7 ~1 [7 K$ c8 P
( i- j. E! k* i8 a/ A2 _Symbolic Strikes9 e( \' w2 j1 v$ b, ?1 p4 [" Z" N
97. Protest strike w& j# }' e0 F% S$ |" p
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( u2 P% B3 s6 i1 H7 t* F5 E
/ t5 ]/ X+ O- N1 u, `4 d3 {4 W7 @
Agricultural Strikes
; q: M* }' W. h 99. Peasant strike8 E; P8 Y% y, H( ]0 G9 J
100. Farm Workers’ strike
" j" B! W2 N2 \8 E& G( ]2 F5 ~3 a t5 i$ b( h" f- I
Strikes by Special Groups
1 }$ y, H+ \8 M( j9 w5 L 101. Refusal of impressed labor
5 h! R2 d& [1 L 102. Prisoners’ strike
' n" n( w5 X& ^- W 103. Craft strike
3 C, m. I$ p; x+ f. w( B 104. Professional strike
. G5 Y3 \* `1 X; w( g, c
) b" e* |- k7 k EOrdinary Industrial Strikes+ H% O+ m8 ?) [* G
105. Establishment strike
' w$ q8 l; O8 i f 106. Industry strike" _' q5 i5 A j1 s' J* }& }% V4 i
107. Sympathetic strike4 o' M( ^4 N0 V6 G0 O2 t; z% }* t2 B
% [" V3 a+ G, p+ N- FRestricted Strikes
! ^2 }2 J: n5 G% A# N5 y# @ 108. Detailed strike4 Q4 M$ d6 b+ G# |# o/ U- i. r: J/ ~
109. Bumper strike% O4 q5 S3 F. ?& @% a' Q; W
110. Slowdown strike0 B4 i" R+ d k6 J3 A0 A$ X: P
111. Working-to-rule strike
5 N, w- q6 {, l1 |- j7 h% o/ ^ { 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. A; K# J) P2 N+ O; M3 S 113. Strike by resignation
- C! u; ]4 ?0 G8 I 114. Limited strike5 e2 T+ ^2 n( ]. |9 B! c
115. Selective strike
; e; @) v6 M( a! r5 p$ l. f8 o- l" u$ l* Z/ v, X
Multi-Industry Strikes1 z9 E ~9 v* x* L3 ~0 K
/ k; `- M8 J) F* P 116. Generalized strike
5 N& H& ~ L% Z. B
7 k$ T( x, C+ ?/ R7 U+ c7 [1 W# [* a 117. General strike
6 B) p9 N3 E( e2 v' D* n& X, `* S3 @, G$ M. \
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* E* ~. k; s2 k
) T' g- J& J5 r; d/ b9 k 118. Hartal
) W- m/ `9 X: ^9 C* Z) r. {, Q3 `8 M {6 n# T5 O
119. Economic shutdown
: r: K- T* ?5 K0 s5 B
9 b# a- {# N8 W5 Q1 U3 B + {" S. x8 w9 C" m
( C* h1 c z. U# }! W7 \
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
5 f7 ` `* |. f" ]( H3 J" v& r) X
/ z1 m9 O6 i0 v7 r* ARejection of Authority
2 z+ K7 L* `: g4 ~/ L) q# L9 e& c 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, t1 c! b& ?; q( f
121. Refusal of public support' ]5 H. }- `9 z9 P0 n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
3 X% r2 h/ C) G( ]3 |: U/ Q3 t( I {
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government% G8 {" i; ]: m8 U) [$ s, J
123. Boycott of legislative bodies. s6 d/ c( a4 y- |, A/ q8 K
124. Boycott of elections9 s/ ` B, _7 k. P
125. Boycott of government employment and positions9 l3 h! a- q# ~0 Q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% H3 i- Z; S7 n4 o+ V
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 N' G% W; h4 Z+ b7 K
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 }4 `" c2 |6 f/ `. _( ~
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 L( [4 T- D, L 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
L5 h% `* E6 q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 f& T; A- I+ X7 E 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. a+ S+ W% ?" E# |/ Q: k
: l2 L ]) Q# l1 u
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 w) r! x A" M' w$ {* n 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 Q9 K7 Q8 X) E9 p* W 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& b+ A/ X6 u# O5 {9 \6 R7 I5 j
135. Popular nonobedience8 K' o( u# Y* D# z8 b: L2 A
136. Disguised disobedience
) ` s- T" Y! J' j+ v4 O, ~$ A 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 F& t, m% M. \& S5 M 138. Sitdown
# w# L9 ]% l) i7 H$ ? 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 E8 h+ V8 ~* _9 | 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities( V9 Z$ j. ^* U; n& T7 q: J5 `$ N
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
x& C$ k% Z) h/ b: t
/ N* z5 _' q3 s$ g5 ~. cAction by Government Personnel7 E' t6 n0 a& r% b
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides( y! V7 y' X. e' ]+ c: j4 _, F
143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ u/ }) `* s5 X' o% h
144. Stalling and obstruction% }9 @* ?0 A# K6 D/ v. V
145. General administrative noncooperation* [+ i/ M1 G$ K5 u) O
4 |! ?4 v, E b1 n; G. E 146. Judicial noncooperation# }+ l6 r. N( |2 N' N, s% `
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
M2 |1 a0 E4 X: _6 R$ _4 Q 148. Mutiny
( x- C2 q2 Y5 U4 p$ X/ q6 L% YDomestic Governmental Action
. z9 L( ^' Y& V' O2 P 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# J% [# ]9 m3 d8 I2 J; m$ ~
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 r( G% f8 U( E% r( Y1 c+ j
( Z2 o6 g$ o( g& C3 WInternational Governmental Action, F1 `9 I. J6 B& X* t, b% S3 t
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% d9 D) j0 q! w) j3 H 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ ^1 M9 D q4 h 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 C- `. E7 B' n7 } u( Z* |3 f
154. Severance of diplomatic relations6 k% C3 f5 t" X, n( I! S% t, U) {2 D
155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 ~) y/ |$ `& s( R! W8 `0 y
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 ^$ K# K7 ] I: D! z. g: m
157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 O1 P2 h; G/ u" m: ^& k$ U! A: ]9 M9 e
3 h; x6 h% [* ]# s) x' x2 J9 x
% b' H& Q+ l: }! S5 pTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 V- Q% R" x6 H( b' r, [) j) i9 r
% ?! ~$ d5 w! m# j
+ H" C# [& u& o0 u
Psychological Intervention
7 W. {2 ^* G; O# z 158. Self-exposure to the elements* u+ L! F( S. H: N- N) U) y1 J
159. The fast
% e9 k. E% o/ C- i3 Y' p/ b8 B a) Fast of moral pressure* n! a- ^% |# E" f* l1 b
b) Hunger strike
0 v* L9 d0 H. t, ~) ` c) Satyagrahic fast
8 a3 z- l* ^4 \% z$ I 160. Reverse trial/ J: e* i, H! F: n! b: W
161. Nonviolent harassment& b( i5 j q/ |5 t* D1 u* u2 {2 }
5 p# ~1 @' Y- G8 Z% r) G2 K
Physical Intervention
* i' k# ^3 G' L4 l% L 162. Sit-in
7 v1 [) I4 d; _+ L/ P% \% Y 163. Stand-in+ @8 J2 ^ j2 z$ t& v, W
164. Ride-in* s7 P5 R3 ~0 ^
165. Wade-in
& @: C7 Q: f2 z4 j/ l' i+ q 166. Mill-in
7 h0 l3 O; ?0 s 167. Pray-in
& X* Y* U, p& r# z! Y 168. Nonviolent raids
' f U; x1 c* x& s3 c* ^ 169. Nonviolent air raids* X: O- u% l( @6 h5 X r
170. Nonviolent invasion
2 k1 N& H# p$ R; t6 ^6 S9 _ 171. Nonviolent interjection
5 x, q r7 N' v7 [3 v; X' d8 L 172. Nonviolent obstruction% x% I9 D0 N8 f9 [- A
173. Nonviolent occupation, f3 ]& O1 l" a* h8 Q# g4 `
6 n! N) w+ t) r$ |$ fSocial Intervention4 Z* f4 C" k T" P8 u5 n5 H3 J
174. Establishing new social patterns
" C& P- B' P; o% y6 H! E7 g 175. Overloading of facilities
, N) b; Y A( w! R: p4 @ 176. Stall-in* }. H2 C1 ?, g
177. Speak-in
( {; h2 p/ a& W+ x3 ^2 _: b 178. Guerrilla theater1 V# h- n$ K5 y9 {6 s5 H
179. Alternative social institutions
! J& H5 F- U8 w0 E$ ]; ~ 180. Alternative communication system
, X; x. r9 U- i. N$ ^! {4 k$ y
2 K4 v2 a. i) Z4 A QEconomic Intervention
4 B$ p8 U# f: B q3 Z- }! _4 R6 F 181. Reverse strike4 A( T1 X* e; v
182. Stay-in strike
( N. K8 d9 [2 v! E9 ]8 O 183. Nonviolent land seizure7 z' A' Z; @, b
184. Defiance of blockades0 L; e" c3 m1 t8 C
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 U. ? w- w2 F* M) v) S2 p
186. Preclusive purchasing
+ a/ ~) I7 h, B; R! T% n# z 187. Seizure of assets q% L/ h3 K5 [5 k4 `2 t1 F5 b# F
188. Dumping8 n" w- P. @) \" D6 I
189. Selective patronage* L- s" [1 D) K* y# \
190. Alternative markets
' ?+ F9 |( [4 } 191. Alternative transportation systems
7 V( I# m% H- V$ W; o 192. Alternative economic institutions, d; I! p, R, L$ v. v
0 ?1 {6 a( U) d a& f, n+ ~
Political Intervention4 `$ Y2 V' ?& f) Z/ }0 W% U
193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 I9 ]) ~1 _3 `" h/ p$ _ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ P) Q+ k: D7 `% Z
195. Seeking imprisonment
. z9 ^5 s5 v6 @& C 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ \3 A3 Z. a5 U1 ]! s
197. Work-on without collaboration
; m3 q( _# Q: p" z1 @( o 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
1 }$ K# H( \1 u: T" y. b( D5 h. {* I$ v2 a" m
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
