 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: Q- T P# o% ^/ |Formal Statements
0 s# d' x6 c2 L0 g 1. Public Speeches& a# X- |; C* ?" Y0 z+ V7 x% I
2. Letters of opposition or support0 U6 _# P9 R# l2 t
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 G* s& N$ }$ z& U- P: N5 o 4. Signed public statements- z" t% F# ?9 S% x* k: f, g$ [
5. Declarations of indictment and intention" K1 ?; v' w8 }, R! K# t- V3 V
6. Group or mass petitions0 s+ u; Q6 y" O
: T* w! C t+ M$ P `' k1 T* aCommunications with a Wider Audience
6 w! o* n- Z/ l7 t! y0 ^. K$ B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: z2 h/ z; n, I2 Q/ n; [
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! _" x8 b3 Q, t. I7 {# q; m& n4 A
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& a2 N3 o5 T( Y3 l/ D S
10. Newspapers and journals
; u% C* [; H( e. {% X/ } 11. Records, radio, and television7 _# m8 k6 w% x8 \' [$ |( N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ c) j2 I6 L. m$ H1 f1 Y
" T$ w/ K; t+ V( J# Y, vGroup Representations
$ E) j6 v4 E- V1 b7 [ 13. Deputations& R8 d% p* y* } [) ?0 U
14. Mock awards# Y6 K7 d6 V. t8 r6 A8 n
15. Group lobbying4 O3 ]7 E6 o3 a) G2 L
16. Picketing
/ W. X6 S! ~) F8 p 17. Mock elections4 U( @ H7 `4 r. @7 `
& x6 {9 w( u" g/ u5 W1 T3 wSymbolic Public Acts1 F- z! A* N3 r7 ~( i
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: Y0 b# V" q# d0 i: |
19. Wearing of symbols
$ T# u: m! Z4 i4 p, A6 e5 h0 e! _) b 20. Prayer and worship* h' J' p: {+ r/ y" S
21. Delivering symbolic objects
( H* I* Z0 z( j$ z. }- c( e' {4 `, J7 N 22. Protest disrobings# D7 I/ H5 e( P6 w, \
23. Destruction of own property
3 u& E0 o* w8 P# u* Z$ U 24. Symbolic lights" n& ?% O* c4 T1 x! z* U/ `1 B% F
25. Displays of portraits
" Y: K# L. ~$ }( m/ C" Y 26. Paint as protest
3 c# z$ X2 V0 K# a' h 27. New signs and names/ Z8 k l1 s k. K" F6 u
28. Symbolic sounds
# T; P' [) x7 z$ { 29. Symbolic reclamations8 y3 r& G; x+ D4 \
30. Rude gestures$ B/ o- g9 Y F6 G1 N
: K) R, |. b! Z! H8 [/ Z, XPressures on Individuals& p( a- T8 G* B& ^. N. g K% f8 I
31. “Haunting” officials
) c3 c+ W7 F8 e# k+ z- } 32. Taunting officials0 l* \! g" E6 w p: y# N; |7 E
33. Fraternization6 p6 e6 Y" j- f: h
34. Vigils8 {( N) ]# \, w$ H; F/ ^# `' X! @
. l1 K2 ^9 H3 c! h/ A$ Y. O3 W. `8 s7 ^Drama and Music
1 R5 v1 C" W* A4 k2 I8 p 35. Humorous skits and pranks
[! x1 s; [4 ?, N 36. Performances of plays and music
K; k' U- G6 C. r( m6 a 37. Singing( I8 Z- A7 [& x3 s2 L" [1 A4 X8 n
2 c- @& C6 c* X# r/ R. gProcessions
4 u( j2 A |/ t4 k 38. Marches
* B' w' P( Z1 n 39. Parades" H l% P$ K3 m; C( R
40. Religious processions
& ]- |% f6 J; k1 K! m$ k 41. Pilgrimages
: {$ B5 J! A- z' `" |1 W1 @, J 42. Motorcades
+ f4 B3 z1 _4 {% T( N0 R# x. U* l' _' T- d
Honoring the Dead
% [* a: b9 n, _ B) \ 43. Political mourning8 Z# q5 X* Z) I8 A! O) k- X
44. Mock funerals
5 @+ D5 m8 P: r, L' F 45. Demonstrative funerals
" ~' K) b8 I' [$ \ 46. Homage at burial places
; L4 m2 ?0 h( Y/ Y
! n/ j: s0 A8 O% ]$ ^2 m. Z& q9 {Public Assemblies" ^) n: @2 W9 P
47. Assemblies of protest or support |+ J) X) j* X9 Q1 j8 W8 x1 ^
48. Protest meetings
: O9 `" G5 B* q# \/ d3 q% Q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 w: O7 E8 P- j8 B: Q* T* W \ M& x 50. Teach-ins
+ G, D5 z7 h l8 T7 G4 `# c/ g2 Q, H3 K1 B y* |
Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 c# l3 ^ b3 U8 Q" b 51. Walk-outs% |5 F( |0 z) h W% e/ O
52. Silence3 j8 B7 D/ d" Y+ A
53. Renouncing honors
: V/ O7 b- U& @0 f9 y1 { 54. Turning one’s back
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C" a K2 q0 ^; K5 n: I ! q/ r, y( C+ Z" i: v
5 ?0 J' @- r# F( _( o
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( R8 g" }' e: }; _" @
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2 Y0 g! a" M9 b c# j, F0 UOstracism of Persons" g, G- `1 q% C( N0 g
55. Social boycott
* Y0 Y' H6 Z5 i1 } P7 a 56. Selective social boycott
' r/ e2 g2 ]# v6 @. [ 57. Lysistratic nonaction2 R1 D9 T6 Y {, N% c; V
58. Excommunication2 J) w% i- P1 K
59. Interdict2 ?$ p8 D% U( q) O
9 j4 \* i8 r9 v" j& n) n; _8 GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 T3 s9 W5 q$ r3 g7 d' z
60. Suspension of social and sports activities j9 l \. [ {* f: _6 ^
61. Boycott of social affairs! W/ R. `3 v, F; B( P5 X
62. Student strike
K) T" K# b# ^0 ?( y: q+ Q; { 63. Social disobedience
! ~$ M. u7 Q5 d 64. Withdrawal from social institutions* e: p" `$ T) n7 ] Z1 U
9 K) L B' m, i [, V
Withdrawal from the Social System, }7 s& l6 p* f" N! H# P
65. Stay-at-home
9 }6 h2 T9 X/ J 66. Total personal noncooperation# F9 o; d M' C, W% B, u) b8 W
67. “Flight” of workers
# y3 t5 @* @( ? 68. Sanctuary
, Z$ _' Y6 c, p3 Q! S- _+ z 69. Collective disappearance
1 U* V' M0 _! K( ` 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& \0 d7 G/ J8 `( c6 B7 o; V
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! y$ h, W6 Y% J8 i+ [. f( J! EActions by Consumers/ C. I+ ~! E% ?$ ]3 C3 S8 R
71. Consumers’ boycott+ I5 m* O! w7 J1 s* c% m
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 |' }; O1 l3 u' `4 p 73. Policy of austerity
+ M+ y Q& N9 f. e7 E3 J 74. Rent withholding! `; o6 M0 j; J; A! S$ f& q
75. Refusal to rent4 m0 ?' k% w1 g9 S
76. National consumers’ boycott+ ^( l1 v6 @; z; Z+ M& H3 {
77. International consumers’ boycott
5 `2 v% J6 g& ]+ q, |, @/ |
; z) h& W1 s# u1 C9 K0 s1 U; yAction by Workers and Producers+ e( y0 `9 o& g1 f
78. Workmen’s boycott
9 \; o& P3 ]3 q+ ] 79. Producers’ boycott
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N0 l5 C: l0 Z W5 TAction by Middlemen
- G% C; p$ Y$ d/ P) I2 D$ q1 L; n 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& i, f4 Y6 A; R. c1 b0 J1 ?0 h, z
0 d/ m# ^- y2 V2 B$ M- y4 p. w8 ZAction by Owners and Management
5 o5 ~( p* a( W; D8 F$ U 81. Traders’ boycott" e* Z- h s+ j. z" I
82. Refusal to let or sell property6 h6 g8 b4 j6 @) Z! Y$ D/ x% x/ f0 F
83. Lockout! r6 A* p2 ]* U, {; o5 H1 E# ^
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: p2 ]" u- k+ y1 W3 O, {. a 85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ x" e8 g# y) V& r e9 ?
( a) U5 [" o6 ]9 f1 t* zAction by Holders of Financial Resources" F7 E: O: o Y) n, @; v
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! {0 B8 s* m# Z; D: H
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! i/ E( A' d, Y1 |' _1 O E 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
# A, P i9 X9 r8 H8 k 89. Severance of funds and credit4 x2 G) @% w1 f- ?% y0 y
90. Revenue refusal
( _ ^! T' ^. N( k0 Y/ ]7 X 91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 u2 g) ~9 e8 Q9 K! R0 A/ O( }" D/ z1 [& g% J% f
Action by Governments
4 V! R+ Y* [% o2 N4 }7 A& D 92. Domestic embargo: ?" ?0 Y! K" n+ q
93. Blacklisting of traders1 e+ a/ \: s7 b* b8 p
94. International sellers’ embargo$ L* O0 P m {
95. International buyers’ embargo2 |. g9 u/ D/ _9 ~/ P
96. International trade embargo
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4 U- t. x: i# RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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4 j3 X m3 m: Q% W& W3 x' s
Symbolic Strikes
; ~2 R2 j- u' D+ p. V% Z' t 97. Protest strike
: `) w- Y, f5 ~# I7 V& ] 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) p6 @5 \2 t h! w M1 O
9 W9 P2 N- Q; MAgricultural Strikes
* e( M7 g2 c+ _6 v; [8 K. t 99. Peasant strike
4 e, L& L# Y. Q/ A9 G+ F 100. Farm Workers’ strike
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: r+ I' `& r. x$ _9 V7 sStrikes by Special Groups
" Y9 [+ ~( j0 y4 w4 _0 B 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 v& Y; l9 { R! y 102. Prisoners’ strike
, q0 F. a/ u8 T+ q9 e. s 103. Craft strike' x3 j, f+ v+ l+ Q- `
104. Professional strike$ P, M# c3 K- j' R2 @
: j6 S8 l* A- m4 `) k1 ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes
a' C, d* e+ ^0 @+ p) Y& Z 105. Establishment strike
m0 P' C) t3 g# _1 K$ f 106. Industry strike, r5 {5 `; g: y7 `9 B- I Y
107. Sympathetic strike& s+ f$ m' P _3 k0 b
) w3 G) V" U9 [
Restricted Strikes
9 V2 x0 |1 D* B. T( D) j 108. Detailed strike# x% z" q+ d H8 t) O, E
109. Bumper strike
! u' p/ m8 F1 l$ Q! G6 Y2 ^ 110. Slowdown strike7 f: X3 j- r$ c" u! x
111. Working-to-rule strike! w4 P) {$ s" h. ]
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
F3 F0 l) u! `( u7 @! m0 Z 113. Strike by resignation
1 |6 p0 t" Z S5 e8 }5 X4 Z/ @ 114. Limited strike
1 Y3 h2 R6 K1 R# g, s 115. Selective strike7 ]6 G( n3 i* e9 W g
# t5 d* z- k7 W3 L: DMulti-Industry Strikes% E# w1 V! h7 x0 K$ M
3 n, J) O! h' }8 i 116. Generalized strike( x! u/ O7 z/ g0 O
, R6 O! S4 R5 J/ _# h 117. General strike
9 g) t3 T4 w) }" X
1 J- H4 [7 [0 Y' q/ D( MCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
' m, M Y T# j, M$ i a/ e3 ~( }) N+ N7 U
118. Hartal
8 C/ W [* _- q# e/ g3 K- R5 [) f( G/ \ J7 l& ?( x
119. Economic shutdown' n9 z# U/ ~5 p1 h
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$ _0 Y' L8 B d8 L. ^) M$ h. k6 a
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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9 V6 C2 E% x+ T J- z9 WRejection of Authority
; A2 }; F% \3 r- L3 G- I 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# i, W' K/ x& U, M0 g
121. Refusal of public support
# V; ~8 a2 `( e 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 v# z @% p3 I, i* _0 _& Q
' g* K" E( V. u* F: }: V$ cCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government; |# q8 D) N$ O u" p% \9 `4 S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
0 \& k1 V' p, P K 124. Boycott of elections
3 `" l, r2 J* b. d' j& v/ G" k 125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 C, D: ?3 a; ?! W% e# T
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' N3 R/ m& v7 l* K
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 k% r- G3 I- H, n 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 Z0 n8 t+ K5 K" G
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 r. F8 m% m) b$ Q Z, G, T2 e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, Z6 K/ U: r7 O$ z4 z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) N8 ?9 q& J/ o2 @
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions3 N6 M& ]% r( L
: F( Q! F, t9 ]9 D
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: `1 Y* `. _! G3 Q6 I/ K- z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ O% e+ G9 Q+ ], T 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) O2 E+ ?; ?. _5 ?
135. Popular nonobedience+ W; k! R+ Y2 s# D0 \
136. Disguised disobedience
# z6 D! R. Z. O; k/ O 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse" _# r2 F: a+ e+ j" E
138. Sitdown
$ n6 V7 q, H0 e9 `6 O0 F' E: Z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' g, @9 ?) c2 I; C
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( V( ~. {' J( E5 {4 W 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& M' F( R2 ]5 @' A+ l6 y! P& t8 E% [, Q4 p& e0 L$ ?
Action by Government Personnel
) V# O1 q/ m* x0 C7 G: T+ X- S 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides" D# W$ U6 t5 m
143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 J4 s0 J4 y/ \0 K3 g
144. Stalling and obstruction
+ f( J) u$ a; h+ ?; N6 _; ` 145. General administrative noncooperation) \0 \7 K5 ]9 y7 `+ Q
$ ~! B( a0 D7 ?+ w 146. Judicial noncooperation
3 l" ?4 m- i2 |: e4 D 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ ]/ |1 y' d5 r# k3 L0 T 148. Mutiny0 G( G: C. ?: U+ E
Domestic Governmental Action6 a8 H. Z5 G K$ W( w3 ] {
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' l0 U/ v# S$ Y; I. {8 q 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% d$ U/ n- U1 F! j7 `+ @5 @2 r
6 f4 D- L5 a4 k) y7 q
International Governmental Action1 v& s$ s# r" a0 q
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 w5 |+ d$ U: k* [
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% v( F' Y3 q% U( c5 i3 Q, @
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
4 \& _6 u, e! q4 ] 154. Severance of diplomatic relations; e, Q% R' U2 z( O% F& H6 A2 }
155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 W3 i* y! ], j
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- e) f1 A: M. g; l4 J
157. Expulsion from international organizations; w% n- G& W! L+ b& L5 i
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 u( B9 ^; S8 k( `( k
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Psychological Intervention
5 |4 f* Y/ \0 j: V" R" Z1 t 158. Self-exposure to the elements: d4 `' A- U4 e1 k; R
159. The fast$ _- Q( d" N3 _# s, F3 g
a) Fast of moral pressure
7 o; j5 ~5 C& }; F+ D b) Hunger strike
9 K E; F. a- d c) Satyagrahic fast
' X9 F) v+ A+ t: X' t 160. Reverse trial
. C1 s$ `9 U6 f5 \% h$ A8 A 161. Nonviolent harassment
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5 C% }% h; S: R* SPhysical Intervention- J& A; \, w5 p4 O- N* r, c% o. }
162. Sit-in8 h {/ i* O! J6 N( [
163. Stand-in S2 d4 n8 u W1 V- t; g
164. Ride-in
2 R }$ F2 f: S7 w3 W* ` 165. Wade-in
& I4 G8 K) o' L5 s4 j& H 166. Mill-in2 ~9 p# Y7 b6 W: R( j
167. Pray-in
& a: m5 e. |+ e2 q 168. Nonviolent raids
1 \. e4 Z/ c$ K. H: w+ A 169. Nonviolent air raids
! z, b' T2 `, L' h* d, o 170. Nonviolent invasion
1 ^5 W, {3 B/ w }" c: h( O$ Z% j ? 171. Nonviolent interjection
5 N$ W+ Z8 w7 o7 b6 X 172. Nonviolent obstruction+ Q/ w0 m- H& n. H; z
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
( u B7 Q1 @' F 174. Establishing new social patterns
/ e" m% q8 V/ S; Y( F2 p+ N' X 175. Overloading of facilities7 B8 K5 x; I1 i& p
176. Stall-in8 s- X0 R( M* W8 c' c
177. Speak-in! g/ x7 M! z+ K% Y9 W8 S4 N
178. Guerrilla theater3 m# \2 }) _2 o# B
179. Alternative social institutions
( Q4 T* \6 q9 c/ v1 ^! j 180. Alternative communication system8 B, }* d. y$ G5 o
) U' x Q' Q ]7 b
Economic Intervention1 j' ~8 t1 N. J
181. Reverse strike
6 F3 X0 f* S- P' H. o y 182. Stay-in strike- G" f4 t o% f7 K7 u+ U4 B
183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 S& A* h8 F& s: @" p- n% q 184. Defiance of blockades9 r5 d* J( Z& o* u+ |0 d! K
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 Y8 k* ~; G( U; s: \! m. D* Q 186. Preclusive purchasing
) q, A$ s1 B. J% A$ {& T 187. Seizure of assets0 S5 P$ O. ^3 f3 t( j& Y. D
188. Dumping
+ f4 l" \' y1 u/ L 189. Selective patronage7 i7 I: s8 T# m3 V1 L* [
190. Alternative markets' ]$ `5 ~; _ }' e( Q6 W
191. Alternative transportation systems! q: g1 r% B( c/ n
192. Alternative economic institutions! g( ?2 c0 |& U0 h
/ l$ Q( H9 M/ [/ O% e" s' E4 kPolitical Intervention) U+ Q" l; _/ J6 j' N
193. Overloading of administrative systems
( _$ S. R$ U' o A+ L8 u6 } 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 v3 T( S6 Q' e( V2 ]3 @& P2 A: C 195. Seeking imprisonment# Z* u; M3 A! P9 F
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ V5 E3 R: e( J+ p. ?
197. Work-on without collaboration
- L0 }. r/ ?/ E9 O* s I/ X. L 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
