 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" ^/ A9 R8 J' y1 i6 b! ~6 c% LFormal Statements
' M2 I) Q k) m( ?. E6 p 1. Public Speeches
z$ X; q9 ^6 c) a: l( E 2. Letters of opposition or support( i6 j; ?% Z: M9 v
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, M. O- l& D) \ 4. Signed public statements# ~0 h8 B5 k9 d1 P
5. Declarations of indictment and intention! H$ L2 B; ]# A% ~
6. Group or mass petitions1 c. V7 @ A2 X: `# D( r2 l
: I' w4 U- a% D Z
Communications with a Wider Audience! D: _! w+ e3 P) }
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& G b/ O7 W8 D# m5 M( } 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 ?! e C: \& M' P. {' A# ^* q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" T8 Z- {) |- a( O4 C2 t 10. Newspapers and journals$ l1 t1 n/ o6 Y. ?+ Z
11. Records, radio, and television
+ w! z* W2 J$ h& H7 i) Z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting! @8 b: E& }( X0 z# @" H# {
3 W- ^+ x! w$ A& h3 d
Group Representations& l1 V- F4 f- C$ y: a" L3 o
13. Deputations" `; I0 ?& _( A+ v0 {1 f
14. Mock awards
" ^- M6 v/ h: m) C 15. Group lobbying) B d% `2 m( R+ X
16. Picketing
* a1 _4 b) @5 t& x3 A 17. Mock elections7 Z! m' \0 i$ L: k% x
, H4 j0 Q7 L3 p C8 LSymbolic Public Acts
$ W! [/ ^3 `. b1 P G5 ?% d 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" U. P7 n& _! D
19. Wearing of symbols
6 D+ K! O. U2 s% @ 20. Prayer and worship2 @& |, i- a) V
21. Delivering symbolic objects$ e5 d8 |4 u! O# c" w; P
22. Protest disrobings
! o2 | f: g+ ~8 x2 ~8 [ 23. Destruction of own property. e- P. `2 K) Z/ D6 m2 g
24. Symbolic lights
* ?9 Q6 @+ D: r/ G# v 25. Displays of portraits
* o+ q0 z9 d! G: U4 E: W 26. Paint as protest$ v) m3 \+ L+ C; ]
27. New signs and names
: i: F2 k% b( ?# }$ y$ d 28. Symbolic sounds& U& [) v5 z& N# o
29. Symbolic reclamations% v6 \0 S7 ~$ u1 N# \6 U
30. Rude gestures
' a" @; C7 l/ J# @" W, J
6 I; E/ s, a- @Pressures on Individuals8 q. x" a1 n: B; S1 M/ f
31. “Haunting” officials
: p- D0 y: S0 b: R' }( Q9 P* D 32. Taunting officials, c/ s" i1 e5 m, @2 T
33. Fraternization. | Q' P" k# G/ E
34. Vigils
! r8 b- t. ~8 Q: ]3 Q$ R& k
8 \# [' v0 t7 R; o" s$ [* \9 YDrama and Music
6 X8 `5 o8 q7 O/ J3 ] 35. Humorous skits and pranks! B6 |( o, w" {, b$ T5 |' t
36. Performances of plays and music% O$ i( T8 K. ]. U/ f3 Y
37. Singing
5 S, _- Q: A) L
- L& _( v7 R; u/ UProcessions
! Z' y# H9 C; n# T# C- ?. n: z 38. Marches0 C& N3 n) b$ o8 B
39. Parades! m" e1 g% n3 {* ^
40. Religious processions
0 |; K, n+ ?! k2 w0 Y& ^- Y 41. Pilgrimages- Z3 _0 V$ o% l; E# @2 L E
42. Motorcades
. X. z4 k+ ]& z! C Q- V! | i9 D7 k$ d
Honoring the Dead
2 {/ I& n" ~/ P; q' z' s% @& v% W 43. Political mourning
; d7 |: e; ], r' D0 v 44. Mock funerals: {* n7 O% N. J& _ \
45. Demonstrative funerals
8 N' ~0 x h2 W, D 46. Homage at burial places. G2 Q! S0 l+ T1 @3 t% f
1 H) g$ M% ?$ Q" r, D: s: A
Public Assemblies
8 l6 N8 O8 n; ]' o 47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 g* h9 [8 \: f7 A2 b& K' I- } 48. Protest meetings) S' O9 y& d; c$ L
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 C3 w r6 L' E: S
50. Teach-ins" _' v% d4 B0 N) }% U( } S
/ l% C* t9 M) ?- f$ iWithdrawal and Renunciation) J% M. b- f! m/ O
51. Walk-outs
9 h+ s/ z$ R' v9 W- ?" ]( b 52. Silence
6 x& u4 o: Z0 X) \; o0 ~$ R% I0 x 53. Renouncing honors4 l. R; b6 E R3 \# l0 V9 w
54. Turning one’s back
- K* ?7 n+ G0 X; U' z
8 E+ i ^6 Z6 ~9 U% m/ O ! Q% n( ~4 }; R ]& a. D' B. P, G2 C
) S u6 M6 Y/ t5 J2 p2 k# S- u& |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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, H. K. q5 M. d2 F% @0 ^ ( j8 C; d! ]# j7 c+ {8 a7 |( ^8 @) m% ~
/ L( h. q7 }, K( |$ V( uOstracism of Persons
7 A+ U% Y0 X, D% W% S0 H 55. Social boycott0 H$ k9 t* @ k% w
56. Selective social boycott
0 u# C/ V, |0 l8 Y7 B 57. Lysistratic nonaction. f, v9 K) _ w- h5 a' u7 E
58. Excommunication
: w% h0 {: R3 O0 h 59. Interdict
. i( _5 J$ q4 G/ d. O6 g$ H% A% `5 w+ R
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! \" t6 L- O, a6 K- u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 @* W" P. M$ S+ b; I6 u 61. Boycott of social affairs
& l. n' c2 S4 |9 ]; X 62. Student strike
3 t: W [) b# Z8 | 63. Social disobedience. F- V$ W' E/ Z% l& e% x# y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 c& T+ j& c: A \
6 Q" u$ W8 s( P+ |3 nWithdrawal from the Social System
7 X j8 g8 W# o$ M8 |/ t 65. Stay-at-home2 t# N) s3 |: v/ R2 Q1 A
66. Total personal noncooperation
. ~' s9 n m% ^# l 67. “Flight” of workers
" {# y2 {! a# u2 b% k2 C 68. Sanctuary
- M( b6 @ ?6 v* j 69. Collective disappearance
( Q- d$ I0 {6 N0 Q) G( F 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)* a( P( @ B5 _8 P2 \' U9 H
3 l! T, r5 P: [
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2 p7 l( T2 }/ U8 ?. E/ ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 G2 z# q; H$ c4 [* x/ P, Q* n
5 ]3 R+ b8 @$ {8 v/ \ 5 L; P6 D; j$ }2 G, n- c
Actions by Consumers
/ V: c8 ]2 g3 X8 h) A# A. ~/ x 71. Consumers’ boycott* ]5 j9 \6 G* v' H5 ?
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( a4 i4 n8 i: }, ^( u- a5 y! j- Z
73. Policy of austerity
: W9 N& y' h$ f1 E* K 74. Rent withholding; v$ v" x4 E& }; ]/ _! |: L
75. Refusal to rent
; L5 \* q- A; s& G 76. National consumers’ boycott. ^& l6 N* a6 s
77. International consumers’ boycott( h( Y2 p8 m7 u9 k& e$ ~# w
) ]3 G, A0 D. x
Action by Workers and Producers" a2 {5 A3 J: {1 ?8 g4 [! g- a
78. Workmen’s boycott6 x/ q+ x( K7 k
79. Producers’ boycott
m$ H4 U5 @3 R; n
8 s0 p j: x; S) k5 ~& h! IAction by Middlemen" w0 J% f8 V: p1 j) W; G
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( L. q8 A3 G7 W0 c5 ~9 r1 N
& n+ ?( u r; ?/ A5 j& I: |Action by Owners and Management" z4 L3 E5 F: Q) q# T
81. Traders’ boycott
& x# M5 k1 i% x9 X# o. T 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 I2 L* r* T; [ F! a
83. Lockout& C6 e& I: n/ t9 J) k/ H6 u) `
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
r* i4 i4 k( L* L' r( V4 @ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 H% R* ]. @8 Q( a: q6 p& A5 A
1 R+ ?0 F1 ?+ ]0 v
Action by Holders of Financial Resources; R. X+ x7 s3 M) e0 X" k6 O# T0 e. V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) o# N9 [: I; j I3 S, Y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# o. @4 C$ K- ~! }: D( g
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 r6 @2 T% g! C. ^ 89. Severance of funds and credit8 S& s1 k8 N/ R: U+ q2 W
90. Revenue refusal
4 A7 _0 ]; t- f' ^9 V3 P5 ~) F 91. Refusal of a government’s money
7 c( I% u* \: J+ F( U* \$ D. Z4 G7 J9 y4 k9 z- v5 ]4 _
Action by Governments
/ j# ?2 _$ r$ n, b 92. Domestic embargo$ X H Z1 ]8 A" \0 \4 M4 K
93. Blacklisting of traders" a, w+ L! B8 Z0 u
94. International sellers’ embargo, h. Q4 H$ z9 D$ S
95. International buyers’ embargo
# r9 F7 B. S6 @7 f 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' w- n" k# T$ t# S
; u0 ?3 C" p2 ]& k' V ; Z, @0 |1 m4 `; T* k# b
Symbolic Strikes* _6 j4 ~% g6 k% [+ y8 b
97. Protest strike
) G: U5 p9 T8 N8 y- S/ @( X1 } 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 D: [8 r6 U; T' s6 r- S2 @3 ]( g' {* x" U5 \8 G0 v
Agricultural Strikes
/ s: {7 a- n1 X2 J: B2 v- u3 M1 l 99. Peasant strike2 ]0 F2 h, Z6 C& L# w; Q
100. Farm Workers’ strike
, Z) p& |: P5 |3 M: N& \8 E( ]0 m' c. t5 b$ X f; L
Strikes by Special Groups
4 F2 o% B7 {5 \1 D) ^& ], g 101. Refusal of impressed labor% c2 I+ K$ j* ~& y8 p0 }7 H! p
102. Prisoners’ strike
4 U$ O+ [2 C1 H( \ 103. Craft strike
- T0 W: t0 ^; k9 z" v) y. f 104. Professional strike
! Z& h/ m. q& W- m9 {# C, r0 l% ~
$ C. i; L. \: e. J6 ], jOrdinary Industrial Strikes5 @0 F G4 ]# M2 h$ u; W
105. Establishment strike
: h5 Y+ V. H- `5 U) L/ c7 Y6 T 106. Industry strike, C2 Q- [4 C2 T
107. Sympathetic strike
1 w2 J& t: _5 P6 \* a$ z# z' C0 ~* o+ b
Restricted Strikes I. a, M4 n9 d
108. Detailed strike
( T3 J5 M3 w2 W; ^2 E; d" o+ B; \ 109. Bumper strike, ?9 q3 ~- h% M- B
110. Slowdown strike1 z# Q/ E% A& |) c2 i
111. Working-to-rule strike
C. [$ f: I! \9 m0 x; z0 k% \ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)* B( u% G9 {% ^" n6 e5 N" P! v
113. Strike by resignation
' ^+ S- x/ v8 d' U& s 114. Limited strike
: M' R/ e% }$ m) ~8 R1 k 115. Selective strike& z, V" x5 T: H ^% L
: g" q' L/ q U" o! T
Multi-Industry Strikes5 z. d6 T' J2 b) v& J
2 a8 ] r0 a G" ] 116. Generalized strike; Y0 N( Y2 Y5 S) M
, N3 m9 F! _6 \
117. General strike
! p6 z% L: ]; S1 l4 u
0 ]" Z( t% D( j8 _0 f6 ^5 nCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures/ b5 n8 T1 Q) P& [! ~' q
) U# _- y9 \: d5 U) I4 O7 i
118. Hartal/ T3 n5 W) r* Y/ W0 Z
5 a& o- s' w$ u' ?% m8 J1 S8 Q" q
119. Economic shutdown9 E" h$ U9 E0 j3 Q: d7 g5 F7 n
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+ l4 q) T5 w4 p
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
3 f1 r6 @) r: [: ?+ A3 ]
( m1 L8 B# F0 Z o1 y) Q& r & S+ Z/ V0 E- ?" i! x3 T& }/ ?2 C
Rejection of Authority6 J. h" a- Y# j. }. S4 R& B8 }. ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 | x4 y* z) L 121. Refusal of public support
" d1 e( J/ _" z+ o d0 V% j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ [+ O- U. `: o
$ f* T2 C8 o0 m. P8 G4 _& G. B5 GCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 {/ }, \8 C0 P) _
123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 [5 K l2 a: U& c3 ?
124. Boycott of elections
l' f. K8 S/ q7 G/ s5 q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
9 h, W3 V7 {1 e* ~; k; i) ? 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 i& q) C& M3 _) ]: d$ t& x 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; K. j4 e+ R, r9 ]( n+ f/ [! ^ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& K6 k2 @* \9 ^8 K9 k; V; R 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents C1 j& Z2 V* _
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" }) A- V9 w) D9 v
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
: Q& ?9 c: z8 V5 f 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
: j! D# P: }' C) ~+ ?) r1 D9 X" m
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ z7 Y7 A" i _9 n 133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 n) h( z h4 v' r M) z0 ~1 I7 j/ K
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# }$ ^8 {, P* e: l0 B9 e* s" |1 } 135. Popular nonobedience
# Y/ y; b3 G' A! B* x- O0 X( C; L* T 136. Disguised disobedience
: N. F- o- @ z3 f! N( E 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse i# X' p0 {; W/ P, Z6 [1 R+ ?
138. Sitdown
# Z/ b* h9 w7 f! a' B/ G' r 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation( L8 d9 I/ a0 }, {" d! F' k" U
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
% J8 L1 O1 ` [7 _ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 |8 z. Y P6 [3 a9 F o T! B$ V/ D# {/ y
Action by Government Personnel
% r8 L4 K/ [7 P; @ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
# }( t5 {& v3 _ @0 b) y6 n5 f 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ ^7 |( ^: Z7 I( ]& `+ m 144. Stalling and obstruction
% m3 {: Q( m6 a' x$ w* E. z5 r 145. General administrative noncooperation1 w' _! R5 w# ?& l8 K
% v1 G8 p9 u0 G; t# s% U: f
146. Judicial noncooperation
$ T3 s4 v' a8 k' Z' a2 U! h _ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" ?8 B6 z V: q. ?! z6 n2 {" [; l" q 148. Mutiny
; F. E x6 Y& p IDomestic Governmental Action
' o3 } }4 l& |. d0 g P' H$ p0 o8 o 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; Y3 x! E: j& P# M
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 p0 Z' }! v6 M* e w9 F7 |
0 ?0 w2 s8 O2 F' w8 M+ CInternational Governmental Action8 z- T5 u' Y; |* \9 M
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, {! G; m: s, O 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ t1 j' X5 r$ N* t. ~: K8 L0 Z
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' [/ O% y. s+ M: H* Y- i7 K 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 A5 H% w5 a* P1 {! ^ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 D, G! _' F) V, f/ E 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' B0 n& J0 H; k" F# g" ^ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
; n. u# q: G1 V: D( o m& e$ \
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9 N, m7 G9 v8 z& ^3 B5 dTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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; L$ c% Z3 i( m$ I1 K6 A B2 iPsychological Intervention1 P2 R1 m5 C3 h% R
158. Self-exposure to the elements
~* M8 T7 O9 r" }5 {' N' r3 G 159. The fast! S" A8 J$ \$ }1 A: l4 e- R* Z
a) Fast of moral pressure
0 N2 O! q+ M; L* d5 Z! _( q b) Hunger strike! R8 ~1 v" |: T/ b& A" y" \
c) Satyagrahic fast
( U( H. U2 P5 ~$ x" ?/ a6 j: b 160. Reverse trial
& l0 k7 j E" f4 h: C3 g1 z& \ 161. Nonviolent harassment
" ^0 F( [# a& y" r, n5 o' x8 | s0 ?* b" U4 K* K4 V- L; V4 V& o, x
Physical Intervention
6 V# ?0 \3 A" j& _- k _ 162. Sit-in
8 v4 i- h" h# U7 `" ^ 163. Stand-in2 p: q2 b! o& u# E a
164. Ride-in
/ F# `+ k, v) e5 r 165. Wade-in' ^: @2 U8 u/ ~4 z4 b
166. Mill-in
2 z" m) f: `+ g- ^/ { 167. Pray-in
' a( ?6 M1 F+ u( l 168. Nonviolent raids- j W# c$ w. a$ W* m
169. Nonviolent air raids
4 T$ Q [* C6 K7 @6 p6 I. T 170. Nonviolent invasion2 d8 W' i+ v" a% z$ G5 I
171. Nonviolent interjection
- ~% I/ a' A! T# x0 A 172. Nonviolent obstruction
) N- o0 D. w1 b4 A, i' x2 \ 173. Nonviolent occupation7 E+ E* d+ r/ z6 U; j
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Social Intervention
+ H5 X! V# {8 y; D 174. Establishing new social patterns* }$ ^. e- ]) \8 |% A- u
175. Overloading of facilities, ` }" q0 |# n8 c% Z+ L
176. Stall-in9 g: F J' w& S1 e& m. I5 G( z
177. Speak-in
; F5 |7 V p& i; A 178. Guerrilla theater
7 `, O' d, \+ G! q) U4 ` 179. Alternative social institutions8 I6 G2 g' M5 r9 A7 R4 w$ }
180. Alternative communication system, V. d/ ?( Y, x6 D2 Z$ R
' Z5 [- n$ |- s( k6 R# m" f0 E5 U4 aEconomic Intervention
4 q. J' D" u3 X8 k. v$ d 181. Reverse strike' G0 q3 p; u* \) y$ P2 H/ L
182. Stay-in strike) B, X$ D' y [! T1 _' J0 [6 ?, l) e
183. Nonviolent land seizure
) f/ [2 e9 j$ F! Y+ t 184. Defiance of blockades3 `) O5 U* K6 _& h+ K8 y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 z, ?9 v6 D! x/ M) a. Z# T
186. Preclusive purchasing
9 ]: B9 A+ p( ? 187. Seizure of assets
; I) D! ?# Y6 v/ o4 V' {4 V 188. Dumping; b! W$ y) G) K& X
189. Selective patronage
1 O, J7 o+ [( `* Z; `3 r 190. Alternative markets* k p1 W$ z+ \9 ~4 V8 `; `
191. Alternative transportation systems- ^2 q' R0 S" C! X! E
192. Alternative economic institutions
; ^. x8 z0 j9 P' r8 @$ n8 b
9 m* b# S$ E% d/ k' ^Political Intervention
) r7 e( S9 Y8 C 193. Overloading of administrative systems- k/ q9 V+ R! {; F- Z" ^8 @
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, l" _ d0 n. l 195. Seeking imprisonment7 c+ N" F4 @! ~/ _5 g9 E
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ {- R& G, Q; F# v2 h
197. Work-on without collaboration
% z C& K* H# J 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! F. z) j' E- B6 x
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
