 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# V7 U9 D3 k2 _7 N# ], `! h. yFormal Statements
/ I" e5 P0 o4 f$ Y; b* P 1. Public Speeches
$ R* I6 |! u" e% @3 \ 2. Letters of opposition or support
. M" C: S- |4 o2 U 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
1 J' p. I; g# K; t/ M7 M0 O$ x7 R 4. Signed public statements
( w: m, |6 j2 {, V2 {4 U 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
; C: Q9 r9 u0 |! g. y' e: X 6. Group or mass petitions
& ]2 d6 q9 T" W
6 u6 J8 S+ V) J, G0 I& H) i7 hCommunications with a Wider Audience4 \& J/ w3 k# ]1 }" B
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 z! |: E! p q0 \# V
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 M& d! I; W% b 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, D: {' J$ d& O$ z+ r 10. Newspapers and journals- z2 H8 x7 C. d6 a
11. Records, radio, and television
4 i z( f. J& O! r9 N 12. Skywriting and earthwriting: B' a; w4 q7 ]2 D
' R) p( j. F; k' t. R7 [' k( g( \/ ?Group Representations( E* [% m+ N, G4 G% Z2 Y
13. Deputations% z3 a1 o9 _8 v: u2 \* Q
14. Mock awards0 o1 Q2 |# G l. {
15. Group lobbying3 b, u# m2 Q2 Z5 X" N' V0 T# f
16. Picketing( e: r. S6 x5 c$ V
17. Mock elections
1 L* r* I/ b) a; l: T8 V7 R" l: p+ k, T( X+ u# \
Symbolic Public Acts+ Z4 Z! u! b0 b
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ }( H3 x; d; f5 @ y
19. Wearing of symbols
& w u& S3 V+ V! o* J+ _# [' E 20. Prayer and worship
2 {$ b, r3 g8 \4 t 21. Delivering symbolic objects: N4 q& ]; C2 n6 ]% [0 J
22. Protest disrobings$ ~+ {, N" E. [) R
23. Destruction of own property a8 P. c8 O: n' _8 h: t- h
24. Symbolic lights
& ? A7 S$ Q1 @ 25. Displays of portraits8 h& Y% ?& U. T; Q, \# ~1 v+ F
26. Paint as protest# W0 P9 z5 N' {3 M7 e
27. New signs and names! F2 E' S0 O% C4 W% [% h
28. Symbolic sounds
" c( R" g- {2 w6 u: A8 S 29. Symbolic reclamations
2 k" ^8 a+ P' ^6 G- O1 H6 \! {+ |+ _ 30. Rude gestures$ y! i" ^. D7 |3 O+ J3 R* [2 [! D2 W
# b- N; M* u5 N& ^5 R8 TPressures on Individuals! _) y7 S; {; o! S( d U
31. “Haunting” officials
/ G( {. j" a( ]' n0 @3 g 32. Taunting officials
3 a! y; |7 s9 ]) R# j8 a: Q 33. Fraternization
# W3 S" G3 z* o8 H( H, Q/ `+ U 34. Vigils
# B2 l5 u& ?' Q
6 [) k6 u6 }* J* Q$ e( D1 {/ F. eDrama and Music
+ r6 {( V& R; Y& q" ?: p 35. Humorous skits and pranks$ i4 X) ?% V; [. v* m- ^
36. Performances of plays and music
- H$ @4 I, Z+ { 37. Singing* b" y: H2 [- J7 o5 n8 {
$ ?. y' J ]; h4 Q4 B1 O$ hProcessions7 y* T+ Z5 }5 Z, \8 L7 a5 @6 y& x
38. Marches
% [% l; g* [3 ~+ B5 U& b" z 39. Parades6 m Q# y8 i' t) V, I) K0 @
40. Religious processions8 _5 N3 h4 y7 m; Z7 _
41. Pilgrimages
7 I) f y4 l6 z! F4 g, T: N 42. Motorcades
1 D \. {% o5 ? W( x) W& B" O v( V! b) S; i5 _2 \& l0 X
Honoring the Dead. E/ a, d7 B& T0 ]( ]
43. Political mourning
9 G- o+ M& S7 y 44. Mock funerals/ @( X' \, E" \. F# G* \0 W
45. Demonstrative funerals
" N1 D* O2 ~8 q/ g 46. Homage at burial places* Q1 Q* |' j& p; N7 @ C' i
Z5 v' Q1 i$ _( e }( m$ CPublic Assemblies* I3 t& I* [+ n' w
47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 I X) b) _! F* ^' A 48. Protest meetings
0 `" y8 f! L" |0 y+ r6 i 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 e. I% ]. K$ a6 b; W9 S
50. Teach-ins- H1 O- n; o( \; R$ C: T
$ ]8 u0 @- l7 C: x1 L
Withdrawal and Renunciation
0 Y/ g& O# A- [; v8 e/ K4 C6 l 51. Walk-outs S- v% o D% C1 `2 X, d' U( v4 t
52. Silence* ? s" f7 y% B5 [' C& L
53. Renouncing honors' @* }: b+ ?! Z( L2 o
54. Turning one’s back& ]7 G+ n" N) X
& ]: i( L7 h) L) g% I
/ @4 e1 e. \8 g! j
! v$ n# C. _1 kTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ t: @. D9 l' D* N( l8 d" ~( T
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}6 G! ^) k( u' L* }. _/ e; \+ u5 ^. }& z9 @9 A4 N; m
Ostracism of Persons# q* U6 s$ {1 h$ W. V& q, d5 k
55. Social boycott
* E1 s8 ^7 R( K' N 56. Selective social boycott2 s1 s1 v A/ r0 F
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 q2 Q9 Y9 n5 M! x% D2 o: Y0 ` 58. Excommunication
2 j& D3 g. a4 ~% D8 i 59. Interdict
$ W7 G. ]: S; C/ O5 |- ?7 ~+ k" T1 ]$ _6 z9 {. i
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 F/ v) d2 m& T+ O5 W0 x8 I8 M 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% v t5 E4 C" A" h6 W& N 61. Boycott of social affairs
& i$ M1 X. }9 C+ G) H* m2 \ 62. Student strike# C* A) k- c. N- d7 _
63. Social disobedience
. U( e; D6 g- K/ b+ V, `! s3 z' y' _ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
J, B( {3 \ D2 H4 F* r6 A' H9 I4 D2 E, W
Withdrawal from the Social System6 q ?0 f6 l* E) l, R/ E8 i* ~! F
65. Stay-at-home9 h& r/ I# b5 g8 Z' c1 m5 w
66. Total personal noncooperation
* y6 B; j7 K, d3 \7 m 67. “Flight” of workers
% {! P3 e* a1 i8 r! I- s( `8 q( s+ m6 N 68. Sanctuary: y2 ]% ?4 H; D& M) Y+ l9 e
69. Collective disappearance
* j& L- y3 {7 B& D* v 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers _2 {- M+ r H/ C8 i0 Q* w
71. Consumers’ boycott" \, X5 x/ L4 B
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! V' N2 E) c" H P 73. Policy of austerity; d2 a0 [2 D/ o/ C" N' v3 E
74. Rent withholding
0 I+ l! b5 O2 M0 ~; k* } 75. Refusal to rent
9 |2 {& ]8 _" u* P8 ^- ^ 76. National consumers’ boycott& @" B3 L+ W8 P' K: t; E3 _: O
77. International consumers’ boycott" B+ p# ?! W- u$ S8 p4 H) M$ f, z
! O$ Y( p4 @4 j6 cAction by Workers and Producers/ F6 ?7 p ~ o4 [* I
78. Workmen’s boycott
" n) z2 ?9 Z# h/ h7 h* } i5 C 79. Producers’ boycott$ t- {% B/ J$ h3 v) V9 r0 H
! X Y( Y9 a {# UAction by Middlemen
; ~: X! `. r7 w! u& C1 p8 } 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 G( ]0 @9 e0 J% E6 X
% w% y" ^* k: O, ~+ p, S4 l# sAction by Owners and Management
) E) P% ]$ y0 G0 a; L ?0 m4 W 81. Traders’ boycott
. @: t o) k. c6 T 82. Refusal to let or sell property
" J: F @( j$ u) A 83. Lockout
, {! w, P! B) J2 x 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ Z8 Q2 j, j- v2 { 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 k, a! x+ u J* @# o \0 \" \! ?- W
# ~4 {3 r2 @- w" ]$ F) w: lAction by Holders of Financial Resources
: Z1 P. M i, G& j$ k9 P) A2 F9 R 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: z, E7 e( s7 ?, n& {/ E
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 M- L5 V9 I( i2 g& Z$ K0 c" _, Y/ ]
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" l0 x \5 \6 d8 Y: j( k
89. Severance of funds and credit6 |5 j% u' t& [1 w/ W5 f8 c
90. Revenue refusal4 E& y! L9 j3 b# a
91. Refusal of a government’s money2 O( B8 E) p3 I9 b w
+ x: b6 i7 g G& m4 s' y3 P; x( H% aAction by Governments# Z2 [3 T$ w! Y$ C0 i- m
92. Domestic embargo4 W x: U$ o; E( O+ l" H
93. Blacklisting of traders \: ~* Q, b J1 s6 y4 h0 Q, }
94. International sellers’ embargo0 p& V: {( Y7 I0 K5 j2 [ f
95. International buyers’ embargo
+ d0 q4 T% k1 r+ i( G0 p; m+ C) T: c 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- e5 X3 E* @/ \, w" r
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' \' H; x1 J& F& X7 l- i/ ~Symbolic Strikes
* i; r; b$ l* N* U 97. Protest strike
8 s+ _8 m |$ C( o/ Y4 c3 r 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); N5 Z* P' ]* b1 F" `7 v1 K- e. I3 O
4 W6 J; U& P+ G2 ] R$ {% ^Agricultural Strikes+ c! X7 C2 b/ X/ a4 g5 E: T. Q
99. Peasant strike
8 F- g# S9 e) f" \/ o6 H 100. Farm Workers’ strike: G+ t3 \1 w; S3 z9 L0 M
. K; ?" u6 n& f2 Q9 PStrikes by Special Groups0 J$ A1 o( S$ s: U! a9 v
101. Refusal of impressed labor7 E8 ? M8 F* I7 x d2 _4 Y f# @
102. Prisoners’ strike
3 f( X4 a* H7 E( F T 103. Craft strike
. p0 V% L' o7 _: _4 ~' M1 m% O 104. Professional strike
* b: |$ q: E3 S W( G* V' M( f- v4 x& L$ r* W7 i
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
6 Z; K8 {0 z- I/ C( h- A 105. Establishment strike8 `2 D! B/ m( g+ Y
106. Industry strike. D8 F, U; f9 R" G6 U
107. Sympathetic strike- i" n/ o& F& x' [6 U3 ~ W9 r
' Z/ s2 v# f4 dRestricted Strikes
& e" c/ N# b# R0 y 108. Detailed strike
% [/ h* s7 }. f 109. Bumper strike
5 [2 g6 K! c$ A% R- E 110. Slowdown strike
2 z* l. j5 Z2 Q 111. Working-to-rule strike
) x4 m8 _5 }4 r( i/ @& r- x" v 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! W" }2 K- z; [2 M4 g7 H6 d; w( _
113. Strike by resignation
+ i) |4 ~- r3 c 114. Limited strike
+ q0 f+ h- @& L4 U5 K X" i 115. Selective strike0 m0 }3 `+ g- h1 d% b* a0 [
: c; m( h: W6 o5 s+ }
Multi-Industry Strikes# v8 Z7 M8 I/ I
P& z- h5 a# t Z
116. Generalized strike
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' F( W, N9 h" M+ ^& a, A' T" H) \( ~ 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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' B" h T4 j+ @8 H; b/ H/ j2 S 119. Economic shutdown# R( o4 v/ n, s; S! n( ^
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( f4 b; ~: K" h! t% V9 j, b2 ^THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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! g2 H: u$ g+ G8 d" SRejection of Authority( k g J, B) t3 f4 w7 Y, G. u! _
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 g' O% V n) L! y& j% i
121. Refusal of public support
5 o! u* n' S, t- i 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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: |. P) q& h' R+ I1 W, ^9 a0 c5 QCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 N+ x. a# e% P- J6 P" U1 H
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 k9 l4 f' k9 Y% U; j! }9 x 124. Boycott of elections0 G8 k1 e' r* O7 b) ?% K" O
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% m5 |$ h) w, N. V: V8 h 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies7 g0 T- ~# a( K( [& S0 j, G
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
`& s+ D5 [7 @4 S2 l$ s+ K! p 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 o2 N0 P$ c" @) Y/ H8 w9 | 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 ]! V: x1 s6 b5 n2 o, \/ o
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks8 i8 M- l0 D0 u) v* R
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 b. Y# F. B; I1 l1 Y 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
7 d' P- t8 q/ Q9 Z9 {/ I% f M
* s. y2 S7 D8 A2 j# x X: T" u' E) ZCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience8 U3 D8 x- d0 A) d! Z2 \
133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 G2 K4 {. p8 h3 \
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: m# O4 r+ T0 |. p3 H
135. Popular nonobedience6 G1 x+ `) a6 k4 J6 ~
136. Disguised disobedience4 V$ x4 i4 B, J6 e6 S7 R3 N
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
x" C) k. ~$ g4 T4 B+ m1 [ 138. Sitdown0 ^& ~2 V6 m- ^ P `2 |
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 o6 S2 ?6 j" I! E* V
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities J9 c. D8 N4 Z4 m- B) c- X& |; T
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* g$ U0 ^) m2 s
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Action by Government Personnel
! ^. ^0 _; `# _8 A4 T/ P 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% [' {+ B! s( j# a: p" a( t& \
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; ~+ {- Q0 d( H
144. Stalling and obstruction
3 g7 R7 a. I$ u6 Y 145. General administrative noncooperation3 z4 B+ j% U; y" J
5 `7 `9 T' s/ S8 K' @) A1 y; k 146. Judicial noncooperation
; k7 |+ w( L: }$ Z7 Q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 i/ t* Y1 Z( n* w 148. Mutiny% s+ g5 _0 I% V# e
Domestic Governmental Action
+ t, a5 q1 l! R9 G( j8 ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 I4 x j* g; m" G 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 Z- V! ~4 |" i/ I8 U% l
/ F5 a ?3 Y2 c( Q# d8 c QInternational Governmental Action
! R- v$ @& i5 _( l) O 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 b/ c* [, A. H7 Y0 g
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
: m+ W; v- r5 M, ^ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 P7 p% f8 u; G k2 k3 X- w 154. Severance of diplomatic relations) M6 b, S1 _4 v" v2 i2 c
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
~7 n7 P; z2 @ l. M$ ~% X2 q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 e; s; ?6 v+ p" v4 O& G1 M" |
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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9 ]6 Y8 f& T+ ~- p" R% h) ?
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ S4 g* l4 X3 o" f& O4 ^
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6 R) t$ C* n; {* I: \, d/ Q1 WPsychological Intervention
, G1 G4 n& l- F0 n8 {9 Q 158. Self-exposure to the elements! S# l1 k7 H' s4 _6 q$ Y
159. The fast
9 T9 {+ o0 y1 e6 X a) Fast of moral pressure+ E+ F; n, _2 E n _/ y% ]
b) Hunger strike
" X) W2 R# s) C$ j c) Satyagrahic fast& A5 y0 m% N. Y$ A2 |1 ^5 b$ H
160. Reverse trial
3 ?' Z2 ^1 n' m 161. Nonviolent harassment) f# x, x7 j5 Y& K4 t- k
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Physical Intervention7 Q: f: H* F: ]+ r3 I% F% A0 _
162. Sit-in1 F: O( S$ A/ U; D) L
163. Stand-in
: l, j- v* T+ f- p 164. Ride-in" v9 J9 K& Y* A4 E8 x) O
165. Wade-in
# @4 q H4 h5 z/ J% ~ 166. Mill-in
! p& I$ S$ Y+ [8 {4 f4 ?$ n 167. Pray-in- { `9 s& Q5 y- V: u0 [
168. Nonviolent raids6 H; s! X9 S& ~5 A* \- M" v
169. Nonviolent air raids
8 a4 v2 K0 a" D) L/ d/ R7 M/ N& W! S/ T$ A 170. Nonviolent invasion
, r) K- v( J* _3 a! D4 |! o5 T+ T 171. Nonviolent interjection
: M2 T1 H* ]/ I 172. Nonviolent obstruction
: ]/ N0 E8 b2 [$ i( Y6 ~1 N 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
, m$ A1 l2 ^2 S% F* ?5 K# j 174. Establishing new social patterns- U; K) _) B1 R3 ]2 D
175. Overloading of facilities7 B0 e" L0 V: L
176. Stall-in
% }/ D3 D& n) y0 V1 L( ?: |/ e" z8 d6 a 177. Speak-in+ C( k- q ^, Q, ~. J! f
178. Guerrilla theater4 o, s5 |' q$ M
179. Alternative social institutions
7 ~+ K# H7 Q- S% S3 t 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
$ q9 P1 Y/ `8 b3 \: {7 e 181. Reverse strike
# }: j7 ]4 f Q- {. z3 j 182. Stay-in strike/ ~4 ~$ p9 P, z5 z9 g6 p- O
183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 Y8 c: ~6 V+ w/ R9 { 184. Defiance of blockades1 ?; X. m% {! E: A9 I
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" H+ _9 d: ?9 h$ w" y- U2 Z. E( X Z 186. Preclusive purchasing( _. k# T( _4 U4 F3 Q# T8 O
187. Seizure of assets5 C' @4 e- l9 U! q% W! k
188. Dumping' B' J0 S6 N* N. Z4 @7 h
189. Selective patronage+ @# ^, q$ P8 z. x" \4 B1 ?# w# s
190. Alternative markets K+ A/ G |4 t8 \* p% l* {
191. Alternative transportation systems& R1 p* D6 ?" P" G0 A$ X. x
192. Alternative economic institutions: j8 R% o) g& d2 I5 s0 W4 x
2 U4 V+ J- x3 N( V- Z! e9 ]2 A) WPolitical Intervention
7 i- e+ a( L( b* j 193. Overloading of administrative systems* m4 {$ i4 C! C5 {% Q
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' r0 _+ L$ g2 n4 K9 c 195. Seeking imprisonment
6 J. T- o: |4 H% r5 h. w 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 D2 d/ z7 t W& I2 O# i7 } 197. Work-on without collaboration- l# O8 l' V: z r0 H" R
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 t# C, q8 a% X4 S
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
