 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ q& @3 Z7 A. W# WFormal Statements4 g4 b% ?5 g/ k* M
1. Public Speeches* \' r q/ m, @0 ~0 v
2. Letters of opposition or support% l. |- r6 }$ Q2 Y
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. y" J: J& {- S8 ^& R3 K5 k 4. Signed public statements
& {- v* A& L( R, B; F 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 Y+ y6 v& u: N4 ~: E6 |. i 6. Group or mass petitions
' d8 J1 N6 O( ~% \" U( t; Q( F8 N& v2 B
Communications with a Wider Audience+ R4 D* v) ^. ^0 \
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. F% h# K: D6 b
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ M3 x! H. ~, n* _ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; ~" K* `+ _- Z( f4 C1 }4 c2 U 10. Newspapers and journals% K$ S* r" Y8 u, ?8 F, K# L
11. Records, radio, and television
: o# b" k; g3 R$ B8 q6 | 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( F( x$ H N7 ?4 x8 a; _3 z4 ~0 j( S2 w0 l) H* U+ i, U
Group Representations
% i+ s! z4 T. v, D. X8 b/ V 13. Deputations/ ~% O& L2 ?8 p# D; {, ]
14. Mock awards: l/ q- Q+ g* ]' ]
15. Group lobbying7 t/ m! N/ f' h7 A; @4 l% ]" P
16. Picketing5 v! _0 }) d* q4 Y$ y3 W9 n
17. Mock elections- Q+ _' M( Z: x h/ z
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Symbolic Public Acts
) i D" N; V5 E* `5 @6 S 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% _& l7 u o! L. @0 A: x% P5 N 19. Wearing of symbols! s8 C& z# i. Q( s% f" c9 U' ]
20. Prayer and worship
8 h8 V/ F8 L6 L2 _ ?3 z+ e 21. Delivering symbolic objects) ^4 [ h! }1 N: b& k; ]% X( r; E
22. Protest disrobings
2 t- w M; s( o; F! Y6 _% a 23. Destruction of own property2 n/ n- N" ^; Q
24. Symbolic lights3 |2 _4 f9 Y- X: H( N
25. Displays of portraits: s9 W$ d( L8 V
26. Paint as protest
' f: U& C) b( J0 D: N( w3 j, F" }6 s 27. New signs and names9 T- V: N8 m) Q
28. Symbolic sounds- w4 b( \, c* R3 x- O. {
29. Symbolic reclamations1 U' x6 p0 C$ D6 H+ K2 t- z0 G
30. Rude gestures
7 x# b0 ]0 t" z. R1 \. A- v0 S& |) t
Pressures on Individuals+ y# q9 r9 V7 f* m9 l) C; y8 B
31. “Haunting” officials% Z" a h1 N, {+ n" v) r
32. Taunting officials
- R7 D5 v/ b9 h# e 33. Fraternization2 N f6 l( Z* [
34. Vigils D2 K+ v0 F, c0 E! p
( F4 ?3 x: E) Z
Drama and Music
4 N! T" E! c: N# M 35. Humorous skits and pranks" H1 t+ p; C3 r/ ^6 N
36. Performances of plays and music
) i4 V9 M% t9 {% e# e7 H( y3 r 37. Singing
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Processions' e u; O3 I i2 `; I
38. Marches
. ^& k3 ]8 [. R3 k3 h- |* H 39. Parades
' E+ O, T3 e g3 e 40. Religious processions& ?) I7 w3 L: g1 k( N' L
41. Pilgrimages( X& S$ l" `; C6 `7 q3 p
42. Motorcades, p/ V3 b* o2 t3 z+ Z
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Honoring the Dead
2 Q4 F1 Y9 n: I' ]* W3 K5 W 43. Political mourning
( V& G/ R3 Y5 ?) \# t 44. Mock funerals+ U* t( i: [! |
45. Demonstrative funerals. M: @9 S8 `! r$ E H6 `
46. Homage at burial places
7 N$ Q7 {* O Y- n- D
7 T' E, T+ m5 N/ F% uPublic Assemblies1 t" ^* Z4 x& ?; e8 w2 i
47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 R# N+ I- R- F- P% c 48. Protest meetings# b, ]: S$ C/ ~0 [7 t
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) k' r0 A! o8 P# }
50. Teach-ins
$ e$ p' o1 g! S( Y% |7 u1 }! E6 p2 o5 m9 V4 M# j. u
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# D- U% P9 u* c 51. Walk-outs% ~% N+ d$ p% M Y! a
52. Silence0 j( R- m$ \# ^* y; n5 O+ H1 e
53. Renouncing honors! l8 w+ C e, M" u: c
54. Turning one’s back( O$ e+ }$ j/ c; o+ Y5 W
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons l5 _; d1 X6 D) G) f
55. Social boycott
4 D! y* C! J- k' A, c( w 56. Selective social boycott4 J- _! a d- a! P! F0 l
57. Lysistratic nonaction8 T t, E' J& i
58. Excommunication* V- ^6 @; c \2 z- {) h9 k
59. Interdict8 |5 v: x5 n* h: @6 P
& e( A7 W2 ~8 a' \2 S/ P7 v y9 yNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ f: K- V- u( r8 C, { 60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 |2 a8 b/ ^! ?. R v
61. Boycott of social affairs
8 e- [4 C, Q0 E: v 62. Student strike4 \/ T4 u: q, P+ |) u5 \; {
63. Social disobedience& X- t: D7 x8 k+ F% j" N
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* H% V% Y, Z+ |
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Withdrawal from the Social System6 B2 n9 g! K8 m' c! W- E! ]
65. Stay-at-home# \, ~) h3 h( P% b X0 Z. o
66. Total personal noncooperation
% D' I$ \! H8 { 67. “Flight” of workers8 K$ V! l) \+ l' m4 Q2 [
68. Sanctuary. {% f. U- n2 [/ i/ H! W t
69. Collective disappearance
- z) e1 V6 q7 m5 y5 m% c 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" c, N8 f; b9 R: }6 q& M/ }- g
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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# R# M) l) B- ~2 w! iActions by Consumers( @" g8 x9 }1 d/ B/ o4 x
71. Consumers’ boycott
- T. W0 ~) ^8 @ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; i. D' x. B( m4 ]. {+ m1 c \5 Y 73. Policy of austerity
4 M& x. W: F" Z! X# Z U. b 74. Rent withholding* f4 {% J0 y7 O" y3 a
75. Refusal to rent3 C+ D# i) @ d8 h# | L
76. National consumers’ boycott
. o' ?* w- [5 p1 x8 g, ]5 H 77. International consumers’ boycott, _1 ]0 w; m2 g
% Y/ w% o+ l% K; E5 K" X( Q! LAction by Workers and Producers0 X" @# g9 f5 Y, ~, S. J' ~' M, B
78. Workmen’s boycott
8 ~$ l: ?4 O: d: s6 S 79. Producers’ boycott- M6 k( r- C) A8 m" r6 B% j5 m
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Action by Middlemen
' S' l7 G1 A* Q/ R; V+ k! Z- O 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
) C. g* R' x+ j0 t$ j5 F 81. Traders’ boycott
% R- c% z* A4 q9 Y0 Q- Q8 H, q/ \ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
f8 A7 C/ i. n% M3 } 83. Lockout9 x' r. \8 ?/ i2 @
84. Refusal of industrial assistance& J1 E% t. b3 {2 Y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 G" ?1 Z6 X0 @) `3 Q
# V" R+ V1 C) s- E8 SAction by Holders of Financial Resources
( b) b# H0 H" E8 ~/ ] 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 }* g. p% h0 y0 h
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" e' f, o0 q& G) s& R" b6 z) d 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
8 T( g- G/ ]4 T. x) y 89. Severance of funds and credit* ^* t; J) B8 T: B; A3 S ?
90. Revenue refusal; `9 G+ Q2 {. ]+ T9 {/ e
91. Refusal of a government’s money
: {# H5 s0 _$ T9 T E7 B4 Y+ c; f9 s5 B9 F6 y- _. M3 e4 H
Action by Governments
7 J1 [8 x8 ] p8 K' Z7 Z9 e! L0 t 92. Domestic embargo
( F# Q6 d1 D S1 ~# {1 k- K 93. Blacklisting of traders
) Z! p; i+ ~ p+ x ]0 B* m) ? 94. International sellers’ embargo- ?1 x, D3 C7 k
95. International buyers’ embargo8 Q2 V+ [7 |/ O$ ?
96. International trade embargo. J L7 y0 ^, t( B
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 P; [4 D) P" k% V2 b' x. I- h
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$ W3 u* d5 z* X2 wSymbolic Strikes
R& K) M; ]/ I5 b& t 97. Protest strike9 X' Z2 P5 M1 l! [: m
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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Agricultural Strikes
! ~+ F3 E$ G3 m4 ?! M 99. Peasant strike
8 [/ v( ^2 N4 M: N$ C 100. Farm Workers’ strike) L2 k0 Q/ w, M6 s( t9 W4 q2 b
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Strikes by Special Groups
8 ^, f6 K1 b: C3 m$ e: \ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 [) |6 N+ ]5 U* p% p 102. Prisoners’ strike% w' _% [9 g( Y% P/ Y
103. Craft strike
* q8 ^! W1 C+ c1 R 104. Professional strike3 f2 [' j: U* M6 `" p* b
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes) v% @' N& S. w. e t2 o; U4 ~ Z- t
105. Establishment strike
2 d+ X! i" i+ p! ?/ u 106. Industry strike N/ ~, G0 }1 _, h- I$ q. l$ S8 c
107. Sympathetic strike2 z8 `6 I/ @. E8 \/ N0 v
5 G2 ] S( b7 u
Restricted Strikes4 [) Z6 }' t3 D
108. Detailed strike- Z7 S+ f1 e4 s" W' q& X
109. Bumper strike& ]4 c c! b# D5 a3 I" [/ b4 Z
110. Slowdown strike
+ V8 G: |4 e# @& V 111. Working-to-rule strike: `( D% n: f) y
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" j$ v2 q* M e, ]
113. Strike by resignation
+ ]/ m! y9 q! \- A 114. Limited strike: w! N5 b' `' h H% \0 k
115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
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( @% V! F9 `6 P( M 116. Generalized strike# r# m0 t4 E' \: `8 q- g
. a0 x& w( _+ H% R 117. General strike6 {- i' R* G# T
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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0 ^4 ?6 E9 ~; J$ A 119. Economic shutdown
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& R/ X8 ^6 D7 R& qTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority; B/ u, {% I, ^( o t/ _
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 y7 {& [& B* }0 C' L" n
121. Refusal of public support: |! n5 }. i* e5 s/ e1 G
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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6 e3 j- j* d' s7 S7 g" sCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government! b+ K d& j7 U! p
123. Boycott of legislative bodies* T7 A- k: c0 ~1 h
124. Boycott of elections
% M) q' }! V2 I8 O 125. Boycott of government employment and positions9 V# r2 H& [) o* F0 O
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 q* e5 n6 o5 l; g8 S
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( ^* z5 \! o' g6 q
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations$ |& s4 F/ @% Z
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 r3 Z+ f/ A' ~6 p) z5 O4 n/ d: | 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks1 n9 G9 l" p A: p8 t. S
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
^; l' ?" V3 A( D 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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6 Z1 H, v# q' eCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience. Y. d F4 l- N3 ^
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 c: G( `% N& p. |9 e 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( Q" u# C! ~/ l1 p' f8 _% [
135. Popular nonobedience
4 I; Q/ R& ^) a8 j* X 136. Disguised disobedience
1 ]& M4 F9 a0 V# A: s 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& ^$ K7 {% y. L 138. Sitdown% W2 S1 b8 l$ b# N, R" O
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation h+ J: ?# }! `5 w. }+ s
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, p+ G" W* s* H" l. `
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel0 \; p7 E, {; [
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) e0 n- j* d1 k5 r. _3 }6 ?# x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information( m8 S4 p0 @2 z1 b3 [) F) D6 y5 Q
144. Stalling and obstruction% s: l" @4 T( l9 a) S
145. General administrative noncooperation) D+ N7 \( x$ j! T/ o1 C. }
, S8 f' a/ f% D X: M7 o* `1 u 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ B6 M; |" q$ V 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 _& W5 F$ }/ g) h 148. Mutiny( v7 k4 s" B1 {0 ~, { ~ u9 E$ d# l
Domestic Governmental Action0 V) Q9 |! T1 K) d, b
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" H2 R8 G- j$ O3 u 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 {# D5 F& e$ K, q5 o R# ~
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International Governmental Action7 n9 H8 A3 d- a: O# P+ b2 h
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 e8 L- n7 R2 U 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events6 ^4 m7 L9 p! I) E
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 V5 @8 l! E) ^5 K+ ]; ]3 l: C 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. N$ M2 i, g# z/ W$ N; r" A% j( [+ ] 155. Withdrawal from international organizations& N' p' I$ C/ v0 z, C/ `. `& t3 ?
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 V; _, r. A( z$ R0 q% ~
157. Expulsion from international organizations9 p) T% r# G4 r! d
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
5 {1 \$ J3 a" I* N$ w* M 158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 m) U1 u* W3 q n2 v; P 159. The fast$ n3 C+ n4 g! M5 I' @" w7 e: S: F7 H
a) Fast of moral pressure
! [, H2 `4 E Z$ z, q( o% [ b) Hunger strike S) D8 f. e, ^6 Y
c) Satyagrahic fast/ L5 I+ N/ {" t" Q1 B# K
160. Reverse trial
`7 u) R2 o# N* h- Y: \1 p7 l ^ 161. Nonviolent harassment, u$ ?! Z( E+ [! G; C
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Physical Intervention. C- o6 _) X7 X% N1 C
162. Sit-in
0 x6 X7 ], U$ \- X2 h 163. Stand-in
# `5 a+ i6 O4 C 164. Ride-in2 b" G; o* x2 P+ [' S
165. Wade-in
" a. h! g, ]) F1 w 166. Mill-in
( I( t q1 ~" o) @! l+ ]. P; }% D 167. Pray-in
0 Q3 j" M! B- U 168. Nonviolent raids
- f9 W3 q, c* i/ l7 Z 169. Nonviolent air raids
7 n( k. ?, W8 Y! g5 |7 j. J. N 170. Nonviolent invasion$ q3 T S7 F( C4 _; G+ O! |, h
171. Nonviolent interjection
2 K5 z* h( D' j9 s 172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ F( g( y& T9 }) M, c8 B6 d 173. Nonviolent occupation5 U$ }( B3 f8 O5 O) S* e
$ P1 W& L/ t8 `- vSocial Intervention
L$ g' Y% m4 ^9 k: ~) w" s8 Y; p+ ? 174. Establishing new social patterns
" s% e2 [- M6 x& i: e 175. Overloading of facilities
+ g4 E6 J- V; P1 Q6 H6 f# Q3 S 176. Stall-in
8 D6 d x& {( x/ [" N7 ` 177. Speak-in
- a* L* S- j# X( _. ]% k. ~# m 178. Guerrilla theater
* K& D- I# D3 c+ A; V 179. Alternative social institutions
6 B% e( B& f3 {; F: p* w/ i' p 180. Alternative communication system
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0 }. K7 U W% I+ r0 y3 S X% t+ mEconomic Intervention
- N2 k. j/ K0 W8 m- `& y- d* C 181. Reverse strike+ N. B% Q# M& Q1 R- U
182. Stay-in strike
8 b5 |' h. R; D% {* U+ Q 183. Nonviolent land seizure* z0 K: k6 Q7 E. } i7 ^+ s
184. Defiance of blockades
6 V }8 b1 K# c( K 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 F7 [" S# o3 ~5 x( [
186. Preclusive purchasing
. L, E& c3 a+ D- t/ v0 V, E) R. C 187. Seizure of assets
% K9 F) a% f; t2 v& u& c 188. Dumping5 k$ H6 t4 F! x4 a3 n0 B
189. Selective patronage! l' w7 p( u. D7 ]
190. Alternative markets
" u" h0 X% g k4 l c- t 191. Alternative transportation systems
: W4 c. b$ P2 U8 T 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention6 [9 L5 `( O7 o% h, }5 p
193. Overloading of administrative systems6 }4 z' |6 |' l" w
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' n) k3 T3 Y/ S' w' A
195. Seeking imprisonment
; j: }/ t3 d+ P( ]; \5 a 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 [/ M p0 ]' a$ d
197. Work-on without collaboration
7 F% H" B4 U( c 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
