 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& Y U& {" U9 ]! |, ]1 [Formal Statements
* B- f0 ~: ]7 I% {/ h 1. Public Speeches4 | ~1 O6 E, V- x
2. Letters of opposition or support, o! `9 g" b& ^/ U8 I/ c
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; e4 Z$ j( x! r- c
4. Signed public statements2 V# ]* O9 ]" ~+ K1 t0 D; m3 {) ~
5. Declarations of indictment and intention* W0 V! j4 w* U+ f7 r9 h- D
6. Group or mass petitions. u" o% z( S: E- [! f
/ E+ | o: f, u. ZCommunications with a Wider Audience/ ]! O( q s: R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: U ^/ H; V. \ k% v0 e 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! q X( \# \6 I2 p3 H
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books) L1 F: n) u- F3 |" z3 i
10. Newspapers and journals
( C% Y0 t3 r5 a- X8 T% }+ p5 W 11. Records, radio, and television- B8 K7 E: V, X9 S8 \* V9 _
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" D3 F5 d" T3 H6 u- {( u+ k2 O
. V) T4 t, p* `( O; W2 o! w: v
Group Representations4 {1 k* |3 |) G+ O3 K$ {4 D
13. Deputations
1 P B1 k0 X: @) h% D& L! u! S 14. Mock awards
+ j D: Z: R2 ?* I% C" h3 o 15. Group lobbying/ }0 y9 | {; l6 u0 y/ A; s# i# C' _
16. Picketing
: w. K$ e0 U) V4 A6 i" ` 17. Mock elections, v2 s/ P2 R& Z% J) B
; l, J8 S+ I1 ~! n8 r) BSymbolic Public Acts
* o+ k c1 X- U& N: }- | 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors* D- f( e2 J) k% F# G( y9 ]2 m- S# G
19. Wearing of symbols- ?. E+ E! A Q7 c. \$ h
20. Prayer and worship
$ n% U, g0 ^, j% _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 c. N% _4 n& ?# k3 ?" [" S5 e 22. Protest disrobings3 j, _. B* }, h( N2 z
23. Destruction of own property
) z- J7 {, |" q 24. Symbolic lights4 @& q7 z6 O0 X6 M$ F' [$ f: y
25. Displays of portraits
4 ?$ @. ]0 R% y 26. Paint as protest
# M9 H9 Q3 K, r! h* ^ 27. New signs and names
) F5 A. ?7 X/ p/ ^- ]8 u0 i 28. Symbolic sounds2 s1 T3 P. [' p7 K4 o
29. Symbolic reclamations/ q. k! ~3 t: V# p
30. Rude gestures# @; T4 r3 j/ U9 J: R; g" G3 g, k
/ \0 Z& |; m2 q& P+ _! |Pressures on Individuals
5 m' G; A0 T5 r; p! v 31. “Haunting” officials) |/ }. A* o# a8 q W l2 u
32. Taunting officials, j) R- P. u# U: ] m4 U
33. Fraternization
7 ?: r0 b: Y% G+ P 34. Vigils6 y1 Y% ~6 r1 b+ O
4 W- c/ b1 E% T* T) P, a
Drama and Music
' Y* L* U! g; e1 b8 J0 [ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
! s' b @. u5 g# f9 s X 36. Performances of plays and music# A: ]. R Q# v \8 y' m- ~
37. Singing7 Y8 S8 i2 h9 m: P1 @
% `, }, o2 R/ x% ]7 QProcessions8 \( v7 X" U3 |* I! [
38. Marches% v* l, [& O2 m# ?
39. Parades
: S9 w* L8 H- q' u1 j8 z 40. Religious processions
+ r* o6 X! x9 r3 F) j3 m 41. Pilgrimages
7 I7 H& |0 l6 q% W: o. W7 ` 42. Motorcades8 I2 M" ~9 h& u5 N8 f6 V- D
/ K& N6 J7 G2 {! `: u- @' rHonoring the Dead
8 e3 a8 W& y# F! U: O, G, M 43. Political mourning
( I8 Z, L; Z4 H1 ^ 44. Mock funerals& }# }6 s8 @' J1 N5 I( ?
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ u+ M- O! ` s! p 46. Homage at burial places
, q2 h1 o! m: o# d6 s! S4 M+ d h* J8 Y! ]' X$ x& s' y
Public Assemblies3 A' M/ @9 X4 m# b2 O
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 F8 t- T1 a! D! R% h 48. Protest meetings/ N7 o% H* d5 n$ V `
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 w/ k' v" e4 |
50. Teach-ins' {2 B, X+ K0 D- C3 W
# L4 _( Y1 L" z6 w" M% e6 x( G, X8 hWithdrawal and Renunciation, J: U# \) L" T$ [( n. y+ |2 e
51. Walk-outs' h a/ M. u# _% x' A; F( w. {5 O. m
52. Silence7 X8 _2 b" \" B( E6 X
53. Renouncing honors
3 A9 i# z1 u( l4 p3 @2 r 54. Turning one’s back
5 {* g, f0 y7 V+ u' l/ J( d9 M4 x% r6 g5 k/ e( ~
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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( G% i# v( _" ~+ j4 h7 K( Z
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Ostracism of Persons
& W( |3 ]! b) Z5 | 55. Social boycott" q2 o6 n5 ?2 L* N
56. Selective social boycott
o4 N( f5 ~& N9 N. |/ Y2 o4 A! k 57. Lysistratic nonaction% F# N' C* K* R4 M( u
58. Excommunication
8 T1 s; y. E/ r8 N 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions* k P; O3 K# V& p
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% v3 v* s: ]3 ?: V8 b! X( N 61. Boycott of social affairs
: d$ j5 l. X$ _5 \) m 62. Student strike7 d! H/ U! D/ N& R
63. Social disobedience
/ C) T7 O" H" Q0 \ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
. k5 H( G3 [+ G$ n
) b* a, t7 J; U! X& NWithdrawal from the Social System
, X! ]+ q O& V+ o 65. Stay-at-home
% m0 |2 s2 J+ S 66. Total personal noncooperation2 ~4 ] r9 h4 W3 b3 q
67. “Flight” of workers
) @: @; r$ l! [% b/ ^ 68. Sanctuary
0 ]2 i; [# n# _5 \' R2 s5 I( o6 f 69. Collective disappearance/ G1 K4 K/ Z" J! n) _
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" r8 ^" n) d. k
) u3 ?! }5 Q+ B3 \8 Y9 q5 t/ C1 T
3 F7 Y) v( N, n8 S& _) z: t oActions by Consumers
7 n' k; x+ E3 |/ H+ i; i 71. Consumers’ boycott+ \) v8 h7 u+ a7 ~+ ^6 s1 W
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods6 B5 L5 ]3 w D0 T
73. Policy of austerity% r; A' g8 |, `# V. D W- h
74. Rent withholding, |$ W" k! k4 o
75. Refusal to rent
# T; G- w: W1 ] 76. National consumers’ boycott
- }/ i2 n2 t6 J- \4 s% Z 77. International consumers’ boycott+ m9 _* Y; Q! ^ B6 y
6 }/ S$ F, P6 W2 |" \! q/ p
Action by Workers and Producers7 n0 ]% H/ F k8 |4 y% R
78. Workmen’s boycott
* j7 T z$ [ p7 h" D; C+ g2 z: { 79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen4 @& c4 k* P! n, i' Z) i% }* t5 i
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 [$ Q/ A. x# j2 M
1 `5 z) Y" h6 V- ^, \3 X' |: Z- z
Action by Owners and Management7 u9 `* w1 {: g; F2 n
81. Traders’ boycott
0 b& I% k" e* u/ b0 l' d( } A 82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 E0 w- H8 u( [; ?0 h! N2 Y$ b 83. Lockout
9 b) z9 I/ s3 }% t9 ]" ] 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
% I! H: x9 l$ i% z5 { 85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 q& ?: A, J2 {
3 Z' _- ]! p p# q) iAction by Holders of Financial Resources
; X0 Y) d+ x! x; ]) W8 Z& n6 v! _$ t, J 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 [0 z! _% `& Z( i; ^- g# r 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" q; v9 g+ i8 e; \$ b* N2 x
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest$ R4 |" _6 E9 K3 M1 I g
89. Severance of funds and credit
) Z: _' O* Y& }0 c! b; N" D7 G( S 90. Revenue refusal
9 Q7 D5 c& r+ Q: F 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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! a5 }0 a/ Y0 T, ~* B1 ]$ `. _Action by Governments
! T# r" _9 `2 v. P7 n 92. Domestic embargo9 ]7 r7 \5 k* p# O3 F# [
93. Blacklisting of traders- P/ `1 |3 B- o: [5 {/ L
94. International sellers’ embargo
P* ?$ r4 |. w b 95. International buyers’ embargo
$ ^8 x+ p3 r( h: P' c& u 96. International trade embargo1 v' N' L2 O+ _7 E; z' }
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z2 f5 l: t) _9 \2 }7 e* GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% q1 d( [# y5 ?* B. ?0 R
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Symbolic Strikes% r% U' G- `8 K f! Z4 C6 }
97. Protest strike
, ^3 s0 q. b) @# Y3 }8 e' | 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 s9 d4 U) y2 P ]/ o' ^3 I
* L- J' a/ D( [Agricultural Strikes
8 s( e# t7 ]9 l4 R; F 99. Peasant strike
9 X+ Z" ?0 z) s" I p! j 100. Farm Workers’ strike
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Strikes by Special Groups/ ~8 q3 L9 r7 a7 i
101. Refusal of impressed labor1 B& L, @2 J2 ?5 C$ C7 m
102. Prisoners’ strike+ S% Q9 }& y" V' P" ^7 ^
103. Craft strike) `& w7 M% N/ p- R
104. Professional strike
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes1 F8 q0 r$ V. X2 I4 ?/ Q2 W) c v
105. Establishment strike* Y* G& |. [& Z! z* B
106. Industry strike# I6 U) \% n) \6 q% N F0 O+ F
107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes& G2 F, R: R0 z: F+ X( ~1 p1 K
108. Detailed strike
D( n$ ?$ }) `) V% @9 {1 s0 X 109. Bumper strike
$ U/ b1 i" A% ?( n# _ 110. Slowdown strike
/ _* I: R3 L8 B 111. Working-to-rule strike
( p2 k+ Y: p2 x$ F5 H& h% v 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 Q& B" j3 w: C% j2 z, d& F0 L 113. Strike by resignation0 L/ b! T: k1 S' a( ] G O% W: Y
114. Limited strike
& V7 S4 p/ D r: }- U& \1 ~ 115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
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+ y6 ]; j, t3 G- S 116. Generalized strike
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$ h5 a, u$ u2 m 117. General strike$ C+ X. B3 \% s9 Q- l: G
7 x+ T+ [; w2 i1 Q, K+ u8 ~+ N9 `Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 Q4 u: b" }% u8 @, _" i) j
+ E0 D; N1 L3 r# ]5 p5 A
118. Hartal
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( ~: p% M% }$ u# [8 k" t 119. Economic shutdown G$ N0 M# g# I' |) E
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 u7 \6 U2 _ m
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2 F0 n$ _* B0 l5 r6 l' eRejection of Authority2 T4 U) Q; @! W3 h. X
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 X. e: C: n& W+ H0 U+ Y 121. Refusal of public support, d8 M; ^3 b; h) h9 a; e% t
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 x# H6 k0 D0 i5 y: G$ Q' W9 D- @' I( W" K4 N8 Q8 j/ E
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* p5 s" n$ h w 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ u) l& l: A0 U w9 ]( I* | 124. Boycott of elections
' T0 I8 s, S) G6 X 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* K0 X- T3 H! n: A* ~ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- g9 x4 D" p! r3 l0 ~$ D' r 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 a9 m& s9 S# e 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. o) C' ]& O3 }7 x9 P1 K 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 @* @8 C9 f- S F 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# c" n& o. u5 q+ B9 F+ D8 Z% l
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; G1 q2 V! E/ X6 D 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 x$ [- j0 ?' E) u# _$ i. A& S# R b! u% r: Z/ q" k% U
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: A) c! B3 F# l7 ` 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: K }3 a. {* m/ ?9 _" g$ n: Z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision. [- G1 ^8 }9 M6 s9 V3 e0 @
135. Popular nonobedience
& x& E7 n+ r- O 136. Disguised disobedience
! Z; R% a+ `. | 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
, J- r& N) b; t4 z' ?6 p 138. Sitdown
% d6 X7 H& Q( W1 A" t T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 x! Q7 H) X% ^2 k2 D- ?
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: x; ?4 d; E% f3 P8 k/ M3 v' H; `
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% Y+ K1 ^2 v" }0 l
6 j, T2 ]) w+ i3 uAction by Government Personnel4 C) j+ m4 E. U$ b/ R; E5 j, j
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides& q* h; X; D. y2 z% C7 }7 |8 D
143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 t5 L4 w* c; M S y( h* l Y! T% L
144. Stalling and obstruction
) e* A7 A& W" Q* |% C. J 145. General administrative noncooperation) N6 Q ^1 W; S' m' P* e
# h" I: S1 E$ ^, e0 ~/ D
146. Judicial noncooperation
0 V! s# O6 ~$ i8 N9 ` 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 W$ b! l9 K* M$ n+ w6 U 148. Mutiny1 S4 U! ~6 F! t, J R1 }) d% L
Domestic Governmental Action
& g" _, r" t7 c* Z* S 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( G9 R; X d& t5 \8 ~3 |% d 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 i0 D' Z0 L6 E; p% U$ n
6 u' q2 o6 U! Y; \# ]
International Governmental Action9 O* a) q4 B4 }& r; U8 ^, C
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. Z) q$ u0 ^- s3 U& `2 s& I% [, y2 C
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 `* b! W3 J2 W 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 A8 S* p8 O) M4 { 154. Severance of diplomatic relations- L; g5 i' o, N) C( B1 v; J9 _
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# K/ i0 ?9 P# w# C: S9 b2 x( n' E: O 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' [3 h+ U8 {$ a
157. Expulsion from international organizations& J7 R, I6 Y* |, C( G
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2 l. P& X4 S* { \THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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# C% Z+ N, x# H) h$ N; w7 c5 ^; oPsychological Intervention
q; f; q6 i! V* X' j* p# t2 B 158. Self-exposure to the elements/ I; N% Y/ E9 g/ F' E) l' z
159. The fast2 p" O$ |8 {5 {
a) Fast of moral pressure
- P' V) H) V/ H9 G b) Hunger strike i5 Y5 k |1 U1 \. [% W
c) Satyagrahic fast1 C) l( e2 v, c- I, n6 t+ q
160. Reverse trial
7 ]7 J8 l9 n$ b/ {6 s# d2 D8 b 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention
2 u3 @+ b( C9 ] t* b 162. Sit-in
' w! g& ~& x7 P, @ 163. Stand-in0 ]+ y s# w% \) P# r2 a" L* e3 k
164. Ride-in
% I# [/ E3 N, @' { o 165. Wade-in
6 j' ?7 Y9 j/ [4 ~" X 166. Mill-in& }5 U2 J* M. U6 ^1 x2 R) o! {2 f8 Q
167. Pray-in" H$ v" [( P( j2 C8 }8 w2 g
168. Nonviolent raids
, T) j0 R: m g5 R. O! } 169. Nonviolent air raids% U0 x" o4 C- k3 e
170. Nonviolent invasion
: n7 V: q4 O& H 171. Nonviolent interjection7 r* H2 s) _5 D& C0 x b9 K
172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 B, R- f: {; f- L; C 173. Nonviolent occupation
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% T0 c5 c% d- ~! g/ v5 BSocial Intervention" j) J3 n6 V: Y7 m, N, ^
174. Establishing new social patterns
# d9 q; G9 u' J, G1 t' u. F 175. Overloading of facilities
4 Z" y' n1 j/ a 176. Stall-in& \' `4 ~- Y. X( {
177. Speak-in4 c+ S' Z7 A' L- K8 J& W
178. Guerrilla theater
- R' t' l9 J8 D& k; D 179. Alternative social institutions
+ J" \" _+ b& g 180. Alternative communication system( }+ B. ]; y# L5 `
! S( V: G8 b: H. Z! c4 G e) TEconomic Intervention
+ B9 d7 {' w/ P8 ^ [ z3 h 181. Reverse strike
" g6 P* W6 e% @. A/ i8 ?: S! k 182. Stay-in strike
4 ^* |& W# j2 o6 R 183. Nonviolent land seizure: L8 ~1 R6 @% a9 }' d; Y
184. Defiance of blockades( c; \" h2 F2 r, o+ S# a- f$ F, _9 {
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 }, M0 a, a2 `0 q& u3 E
186. Preclusive purchasing
! d2 e- Q( W) o8 _ 187. Seizure of assets, Q5 A# }7 N \; h# [, C
188. Dumping
/ g. T2 k4 n) D( N) y( s& s0 r 189. Selective patronage
* P1 m% b- B' u& q7 u" Q9 Q. ^; ? 190. Alternative markets
# n8 G2 y8 a% y4 ] 191. Alternative transportation systems7 p6 F9 T8 \0 f3 g* W
192. Alternative economic institutions
1 U g5 d1 f" |- t7 P) Z4 Y9 }6 B) d& O: I- J& z$ N- R2 V
Political Intervention
* v. P& b1 B, S, r1 j 193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 [% a. U& D8 ? 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 U; T s& k1 M* Y, ? 195. Seeking imprisonment
2 x. C+ ^# a) ~1 t# P, C$ M$ A 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& M, r0 S, D% E7 r/ m H
197. Work-on without collaboration2 t5 j9 R' t0 j9 l
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
