 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ k7 a9 m4 v% |: D2 J$ j
Formal Statements: Q3 _" Z. W$ {. x
1. Public Speeches
1 b5 t# u6 Z+ G 2. Letters of opposition or support7 o( u$ {# j) t O0 h
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
' ]$ Y3 f7 K. g/ H 4. Signed public statements2 X9 u' F; C4 \/ W. s
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ [ l7 v' U! }0 s1 m5 f. @( r% P 6. Group or mass petitions
j* G9 [9 g' W5 |% ?' |& m+ g& B0 a8 m+ v# o* A7 Y6 T/ g8 t
Communications with a Wider Audience' ~. B& r% M2 R* y2 i$ d6 E! J
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols/ M. `0 o) Z5 _1 m+ R2 _/ z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- U4 j3 B2 A# w
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( Z( A# @; g7 v& F2 D& z, ~* X 10. Newspapers and journals
7 ]8 H3 g/ l! q/ \( q 11. Records, radio, and television/ }2 j: @& x6 x9 ^' |4 f6 K0 {
12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 c2 u. Q; D- S" W
% M3 t5 A9 B9 l$ A" Q
Group Representations
8 L* w3 _7 E& f' A' [, E 13. Deputations
: a1 N+ l- e5 W. B, V 14. Mock awards" q5 I3 d8 |, H; a
15. Group lobbying% G1 m& @2 Z8 y
16. Picketing
# q9 F' ]3 B+ y6 c. q 17. Mock elections
4 {6 w& e% B% Q2 {( s, ~% a( ]; E% L* U; ~7 p
Symbolic Public Acts
! m4 G2 e3 X- y5 a 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors5 g* B, R( J I
19. Wearing of symbols
% ?. {9 x# J( R9 @ 20. Prayer and worship
, Q! ]' F0 M1 L5 s8 V( a0 K 21. Delivering symbolic objects
* L; v5 ?( z) B) v$ w( M 22. Protest disrobings3 d7 Q6 n1 z) @. J% G
23. Destruction of own property1 v( N: N: @- _" X m
24. Symbolic lights
" Q( M. n8 @2 n. q! U% b6 Y 25. Displays of portraits
4 U5 C7 N) ^% G% S( e/ b; b4 F 26. Paint as protest
. c# f4 y) a/ g9 a3 K, K `& E 27. New signs and names( E# e7 Z: M: F3 {. G% V0 r
28. Symbolic sounds
5 y- u6 I/ \- E, Q/ O0 y 29. Symbolic reclamations @' f2 d# H4 T. O8 ^4 }+ C
30. Rude gestures
3 N! m! `* _5 P7 m
( Q; L- Z% M+ g* V, c$ zPressures on Individuals
% o! g) [3 a, N I3 t% K" n0 b 31. “Haunting” officials, u6 n3 r: \+ n
32. Taunting officials
- h/ P& I% ^9 c! Q+ Q+ A4 m 33. Fraternization
* i6 ^/ Y4 k/ G& \ 34. Vigils8 m! Z7 Q3 _' l* d9 O
' x" k7 c( M V1 [7 }
Drama and Music
5 N% p9 G0 o; ^7 C' K# b8 P 35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ E( M5 T( r: o J5 f2 U. a 36. Performances of plays and music! e) x9 x; a; p! S( ]: ?0 G: e
37. Singing
- N9 [' \9 t) [. ~" Q
$ ]' Y: `# m, s7 T+ {8 }Processions3 X* [ z8 I* d [
38. Marches: Y, t# o2 W z6 A# e# Y* b" M
39. Parades
4 i, y; M5 N( o3 e Z- Y 40. Religious processions
# ^: X& {' t! q+ O9 A5 Y* Y 41. Pilgrimages, I% ^6 M" q0 \
42. Motorcades' l- b9 |) q' ]4 }
, n* P0 f- y3 g: r
Honoring the Dead
1 k, v5 t* l0 Y% V$ O" l2 M% q 43. Political mourning
- P; i* A, H7 t9 @ 44. Mock funerals2 y- Q$ h' q$ L, J. }
45. Demonstrative funerals( z1 r- L: S1 U4 E
46. Homage at burial places
! p* ]. l; M2 Z4 n! G3 k$ M: C3 k( a/ |# C8 S
Public Assemblies
2 V$ ]2 [; f1 x7 d. J' w; A 47. Assemblies of protest or support4 v R$ H- A4 R/ M5 r2 U, E! ~
48. Protest meetings
6 F" T3 _. `, x8 \& K 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* ~) p: |/ l( Z" k; e
50. Teach-ins
# K5 }7 T7 u6 U4 I6 H% C4 P# M) _
3 e+ Y) \. y2 I o! ~Withdrawal and Renunciation
% D& _( y; p! T6 B2 j4 A3 |$ M% p 51. Walk-outs
2 U! b+ A9 n! G# G 52. Silence
: m! o/ Y. n4 W 53. Renouncing honors
' N9 i! M6 w8 U6 M" n 54. Turning one’s back8 W6 b* Q& k% b6 S+ {
! s3 S V b: ]
x' _/ t' I# _1 Y& _7 x2 O
6 `" E) \' R: @7 E: ^, j& xTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 p& `* D2 g( G1 n+ D% F) f+ X0 p! C0 R& m% V
0 V% j8 G; v( |! \% o
' o f3 }9 @( d3 m) XOstracism of Persons% h/ K2 n0 G) K$ T4 T$ B
55. Social boycott
- x) H* d; y% ~/ \5 \# n/ {) l: I 56. Selective social boycott
% M+ f) y2 y: t. l 57. Lysistratic nonaction
: C. I4 W8 M' F. m# o7 h; ~ 58. Excommunication
" x6 T: u" r8 i, H5 T& S* i; U: V: S* Q 59. Interdict
) d4 D7 A( t; Z9 |8 S, A: E8 \0 g7 l7 Z1 e* Q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 ] p6 V7 _/ K) w: e2 ^ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- Z2 `3 u$ E; q" |" m* r. K 61. Boycott of social affairs
4 S+ @# E1 p7 F' a K$ Q 62. Student strike
4 r8 ?+ ?- Y0 T0 R" h5 \ B0 Q5 s# Z 63. Social disobedience& f% }8 j% @" F9 y7 |! W) H2 n
64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ t3 m) i- L1 M- ~; ]) w( Q) m
1 T9 ?( `- h# n
Withdrawal from the Social System0 I8 f$ V: l2 E T
65. Stay-at-home! x/ J) v' o# q1 r0 @
66. Total personal noncooperation
1 r: \( W7 M: {0 ~1 }' E 67. “Flight” of workers( [8 @" i, _) E. g+ m
68. Sanctuary
7 ^7 p6 x0 q" |' s 69. Collective disappearance
) D5 t6 }7 R4 J: j3 D( J$ W# h7 I 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
6 O' Q [. h3 p0 U. ^3 H: D$ d' J: j9 ]( s1 T3 d$ J6 A; p
6 Y: I* Q3 @# k2 r# _5 y* J, |/ g( `
( F; E6 X& k* [" _% yTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* x( P s$ o1 q# c6 o! L, O
' M0 i( V- u; R2 J ( Y+ U. w) v0 l- _3 _
Actions by Consumers- b5 P) C0 p1 N% g6 [
71. Consumers’ boycott- h* ^' y6 d3 U2 m% G5 G4 W4 n
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods2 I8 H- {2 f0 \. r7 ~0 Y
73. Policy of austerity
; v, } m5 r) D- }1 j 74. Rent withholding
7 r, {5 [3 j4 B( T 75. Refusal to rent' Z; \ N& U( N5 r* G( T; N; M
76. National consumers’ boycott
! k: E. g) `/ O$ r( |3 ]$ Y6 H 77. International consumers’ boycott( T6 m$ f: M5 S
, v/ j5 X d+ a5 \
Action by Workers and Producers) w' i ]6 C1 ]% _
78. Workmen’s boycott
! C) T; \" s; Z6 H' m9 x$ O 79. Producers’ boycott
3 D& u% a L$ {8 h! N- B( p( s5 u, ?" W
Action by Middlemen
3 L. v; y6 H7 j- u2 d8 t( k- O 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
8 d2 l/ n6 f6 E1 \! y! q1 `* |2 E( f2 R( p5 W" V& O3 [
Action by Owners and Management
6 h, q0 C! g* x1 ~3 C3 Q" i( Q' z3 j 81. Traders’ boycott( w8 |5 t( \( V5 J' Q& c" N
82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 n: k9 X! F3 ~2 n) o% g( C 83. Lockout
% l$ G! ~) T& o* }- e$ X' S 84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ j6 J1 ?3 d: n* o t! O5 D; g
85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 I: K9 T% l3 l& B# R
0 d7 [6 V" d/ }+ S9 g; @9 [Action by Holders of Financial Resources
& v5 ~% j; S1 ~7 z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" T5 ]5 v+ y* L! K" x0 Y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) n9 V, m5 h$ p n3 K% o2 d3 }, Y+ i. g 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest3 P% \# K: q% r% L
89. Severance of funds and credit
' u5 x( o/ p K8 P 90. Revenue refusal
" Q2 Z0 l, s& Q5 d0 L- L1 J 91. Refusal of a government’s money
" |. G$ @. H% O' `6 U* U3 k9 a7 v! l
Action by Governments
" d* n- |5 a5 w% \5 }! @' I 92. Domestic embargo! b8 `/ c s# X
93. Blacklisting of traders' y) v1 \/ P! E0 q
94. International sellers’ embargo
& ]% }1 v& p) |8 e4 K 95. International buyers’ embargo
9 v; \. D4 _7 }3 Z2 o 96. International trade embargo. R7 Z0 i6 q! R1 e
1 r: k1 O- k, N& F5 N 3 J2 r, W: v+ Z
& e# }* S E9 ^; K/ G; B
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
8 q% l2 G$ ]2 `) G" S0 H& Q6 {) H: Y: j) Z! r/ h6 z
* F( F! a6 \* u
Symbolic Strikes
/ M/ `* z2 T2 e 97. Protest strike
" p1 H L* J4 p8 ^3 l& h 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
' W" s) v* X/ ~1 y o* t( y! R
8 t' _2 B3 ?- G5 Y) p; f+ X5 h6 A9 AAgricultural Strikes- @0 Q( v& O2 a0 K
99. Peasant strike* T c2 [ ~( L+ S
100. Farm Workers’ strike
& C! c7 k2 H/ I( y" P: ^! J0 J4 g' N7 q* G4 ]
Strikes by Special Groups6 T% _. H, M) D8 e
101. Refusal of impressed labor5 v* l' p, ?+ R5 V: P; U* v' [
102. Prisoners’ strike8 Z5 x. Q0 P v3 z
103. Craft strike- E) O& W: l# g: O% P
104. Professional strike7 h( l2 l( g3 d* g
0 p0 h; X9 u$ X8 P4 D5 gOrdinary Industrial Strikes9 V+ O2 ?- I9 w1 B5 }7 n
105. Establishment strike* w# |( w( u5 V( O
106. Industry strike
2 p6 Y+ g( p* L$ j7 {/ G) _ 107. Sympathetic strike# v; E5 t( r7 y. U- i
( L. [! @4 F o- F1 O- c
Restricted Strikes
* {$ b4 x. @0 T r0 b/ P 108. Detailed strike8 A; r, g8 b$ H% Y' \& g
109. Bumper strike# b8 b# X& D0 X$ w0 \
110. Slowdown strike
. e0 Y7 M1 e4 a2 N2 c 111. Working-to-rule strike U' G. L" o$ u l% ]' K7 Y+ E
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- q* O1 G8 H0 {
113. Strike by resignation) g0 y7 F7 S0 _3 V2 Q1 E
114. Limited strike8 R! {& B' ^! c' [; N, X! C7 O
115. Selective strike
% f J B! p; P" Y1 B/ u P4 t! y* P) y
[& c3 c5 D# r. c' r- `Multi-Industry Strikes
, v# ?% @% }$ d% |5 z* S- W# k0 N6 C
116. Generalized strike
# K; `6 Z9 ]9 Q9 F3 {- z; Q, o6 R0 D, m- ~* `; g% P! g* F
117. General strike3 o# l8 X) K7 R* j
4 Q6 c& Z, z$ e8 Y% d# ^1 ~Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
" x: v2 p: r: W# M A, M8 ^+ b m* e8 R) E# j
118. Hartal9 D, S/ m, `: |3 r6 T( B) A
Y0 {5 U, S$ r4 H) G% p7 L/ Z' i+ N 119. Economic shutdown3 \! t% J6 c* t& k6 Z+ H
. _1 R8 A# L% ^
7 U+ {8 c# Q, c7 f8 W$ M2 j& i+ F# E Z6 C" I! T
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION- x+ P. a+ U2 d D" m; A: Z
. N1 Z6 R( Y. F$ b ! X1 S* O8 f( a7 ~& R6 z) ]
Rejection of Authority
8 ^; w/ b2 e- s' O5 P, q7 w6 i 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; J0 g# h' ]: q; x
121. Refusal of public support" {( u8 d8 y0 f8 Y& L& u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" u/ `5 ]% ]5 n: Y* i4 W
2 f$ R% r" ~5 ]4 gCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government& O, V( |0 a2 C Y/ w
123. Boycott of legislative bodies* |0 ?2 R3 i) Q3 K- ]! q2 o
124. Boycott of elections+ M9 A/ Z" ^; x: i0 i# l; G: @
125. Boycott of government employment and positions! k) ]0 ?+ E- l
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 g" Y3 g5 A: F2 i2 M) Q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 L& s% [8 `7 H# |6 u& z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 C$ U9 i" k/ Y" s: T
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
) A4 v$ j$ c. o+ e) x2 C: ^6 F; G 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: D* A0 L3 G. s% \
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( M* X' c6 h6 j: a* ^. E+ ]
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' r, ]1 w( _$ p$ p( n/ P3 Y
, G) `) M O& E( X f3 N- w4 \
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# U: _: M0 W3 U0 h
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# u1 X; ]8 L7 D' k% [/ w 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" `% f0 l6 _1 T4 B! n 135. Popular nonobedience
& w' K* M* A1 |# Y1 @) N 136. Disguised disobedience! I. v. L8 }. h% Z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 f# x# e$ L+ s' _6 R 138. Sitdown8 o, Y+ H: g& Z L6 S
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
w" |+ x# T: y$ ^4 n8 p 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' z# s1 l8 ^$ M+ f 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 a2 \2 r5 g% J; e
0 {$ E C/ y1 \: [
Action by Government Personnel
) w* [0 T# J4 P$ [ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 _5 a' a. ?( ^9 S# ^ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 e% I! w9 G: Y
144. Stalling and obstruction1 _4 \, s5 j/ |% X
145. General administrative noncooperation4 m! G& [7 t, }4 f# H" G. h! x
" f' k |; L5 z$ q6 q( X 146. Judicial noncooperation( ]: h3 T! R' J6 E+ w
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' C. c, I" U: ]* D 148. Mutiny
+ j0 s* ~# x/ {+ r/ RDomestic Governmental Action" ?6 q9 L; j. w) y% E* x
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays3 d+ E! V ~6 t/ R2 o" S; U; a
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ c4 k* q: _- d: z) F% [0 L
Y$ H: {$ y( t) \% AInternational Governmental Action+ }5 c/ {/ e! A" a3 @" v
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- `. @# I6 G8 H. m) n 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* _* i0 x% H# l% k. F E( _
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 L4 m/ A) w4 }1 N
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
| T2 @3 @1 ?/ v/ x) ?# @ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations- Y' H. o- X7 Y4 e
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 E }' A8 h! X" Z* V; f9 E 157. Expulsion from international organizations0 j$ k( S I" t q, u
, P. c- e# K' U
% t6 g# y/ b" ~/ ~3 w( z
: `8 _! B; v6 ~. ]' h, t3 ~ hTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
3 V6 ~' _, P. P1 U c! Q+ w* Y( c5 q! }9 n: |
$ n% o6 t% o- D- P/ c
Psychological Intervention# L( }2 S1 T: _1 \0 d/ @3 {
158. Self-exposure to the elements4 }, W% w% u. y3 a! Z. [6 N
159. The fast
, T A+ Q1 s( M) ^ a) Fast of moral pressure @- W" m: A, {; t: g
b) Hunger strike, C" t0 }' B% D t2 \
c) Satyagrahic fast8 \: E f" |: o! u7 W. O
160. Reverse trial) q/ t/ K) H, Y& Y3 o9 y g, u) \
161. Nonviolent harassment# {' Q) O3 k1 s% e8 \9 J4 {
, a! S1 d# C$ l7 v9 a
Physical Intervention
/ J, R/ W1 l2 D6 t 162. Sit-in# N' X1 p8 g+ F5 ~
163. Stand-in. U3 }) ^* I0 u/ f; p% d+ R d3 E
164. Ride-in8 C: V) t. Z/ \/ Q8 p, ]
165. Wade-in. R; B: z# r$ E9 G6 v4 e7 N6 m
166. Mill-in6 L/ @; ]$ h7 T
167. Pray-in7 s# S' i1 }! q8 k7 _4 S
168. Nonviolent raids0 s! `. F, V" s( Y3 `
169. Nonviolent air raids. @4 c" J2 X" r2 _8 A
170. Nonviolent invasion
Y; U, C2 N! E. y# _6 Z 171. Nonviolent interjection: k" ~! c" [; ^6 |# m% h# w
172. Nonviolent obstruction( W5 O( g6 b7 G+ y$ N7 n
173. Nonviolent occupation
& q1 M% q, u# J& E3 f
% M3 {% G& O5 Z' wSocial Intervention) ~0 c# X1 H6 W. z8 A5 `% R
174. Establishing new social patterns" j) c+ K+ V" U! x' v7 d
175. Overloading of facilities
/ h/ O Z' q/ |8 q. X 176. Stall-in$ f2 h4 W5 Y& Z6 s T
177. Speak-in7 X& C" S. Z3 i d
178. Guerrilla theater
1 J8 a. X8 O6 V- k 179. Alternative social institutions- L; w( ^, C% p" E
180. Alternative communication system
+ U8 ^& s: r6 t+ m- V, b
! ?* g, D5 p* n) B9 d! ]Economic Intervention
5 H# S$ O6 q. F/ t) j 181. Reverse strike' X9 J" s9 U1 a% J
182. Stay-in strike
/ S, @9 T6 g. s6 N, L 183. Nonviolent land seizure
; L9 O$ f6 [* z- q x 184. Defiance of blockades1 Z' @1 h$ d5 f" ^, f
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 z1 ]7 F: i+ e8 G0 J, r: t 186. Preclusive purchasing' @6 ^ O' f; R- d( r
187. Seizure of assets
4 J$ Z. _8 v; n4 z4 o/ V 188. Dumping C, `4 d! x1 K+ A' T/ |
189. Selective patronage
! h; o, G7 h7 q, J" q9 W. i4 [$ ` 190. Alternative markets
! W; B8 G( a1 H& g" E+ P7 ~ 191. Alternative transportation systems6 q+ Q* f# R( j
192. Alternative economic institutions9 C! D# \2 G) N5 }* r' d' U; O
0 W& k" F! u- M5 Z4 b$ y3 n
Political Intervention
7 Z1 U% N, d- U4 K 193. Overloading of administrative systems w# p$ i5 `0 u$ @" b/ ^3 l
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ q0 N# M T! o, B+ A
195. Seeking imprisonment+ ~6 ~$ _9 {. Y1 B1 |* c! v- a
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- O1 T: @6 t+ t3 u 197. Work-on without collaboration- l# A& X; s+ y1 C& m
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
5 U- d" H/ ?( U. L& N9 d
6 U) ~0 z) C; F: T3 ~; V |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
