 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- ]+ G; W% Z: x3 G; t3 r. k
Formal Statements* }2 w4 S# q9 G7 O5 o- n! b3 h
1. Public Speeches
8 o% J5 {- s6 V7 Q 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ h& M% w7 t3 _/ u 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
0 i' n7 J6 k4 t1 h$ g 4. Signed public statements
1 @, p/ s5 J L b; @ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 P, x6 Q- y, ~5 P4 {7 V 6. Group or mass petitions
, F- U/ Y4 G* T3 [$ M/ h
+ L! v! Y" \7 S+ v9 ?8 NCommunications with a Wider Audience
' ?( N# }8 @" N' q 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols/ D# ^7 P" @) J S; _4 D9 C7 p. ]
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. X# k( w7 A8 v t4 ~
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 _7 q$ H+ U: @! |8 ]# V
10. Newspapers and journals
! N/ n! `8 N3 t+ @& R/ [ 11. Records, radio, and television
% R4 X) k V, ?# m+ Y: D5 _& R9 R5 V 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 i1 f! U( s( ]* {3 q
% Q5 n3 |. q9 x, Y0 Z9 `Group Representations
9 F- C. o0 r: }& T 13. Deputations
5 B$ P9 b* f: X( K4 | 14. Mock awards# h* A1 `( \$ \+ F- K
15. Group lobbying% g1 x- I& n& Z- {8 t
16. Picketing6 y4 m& o2 a% Y$ c- O
17. Mock elections! S+ W) Z r0 a
7 ^7 z. k6 f, n4 T7 f
Symbolic Public Acts
( p, v- E. {) s 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ s" _* y4 R: U5 h! z7 g" U6 I
19. Wearing of symbols
, V, _) ?! }* X' d) n; H; z2 g {6 b 20. Prayer and worship5 m- l0 I1 `/ G* ]) Y1 {$ w J9 `. ^0 i
21. Delivering symbolic objects( v6 D! z% ~+ [* J3 i( x; l. ]
22. Protest disrobings: w8 T. q4 Y% y# E8 T
23. Destruction of own property! ^( z% Y! M; @
24. Symbolic lights
6 j5 y& L, g# }9 L' n P ? 25. Displays of portraits
( Z! t$ M# `0 Y' e- u 26. Paint as protest
, s1 N# p. }1 M- i 27. New signs and names
8 x' }% X- {1 ]# o' O 28. Symbolic sounds8 N5 \1 I+ }: X3 c
29. Symbolic reclamations( `2 [5 q0 b7 P1 f5 E
30. Rude gestures
4 }& F2 Q# v: e+ }4 z3 K# v
) t2 P2 E9 _! p' \3 U. j1 K# JPressures on Individuals+ d1 o' F: c+ _# B7 Z: C
31. “Haunting” officials
/ ]& L2 o) `. ?' [ 32. Taunting officials
/ q. R$ N/ y3 j0 u! a 33. Fraternization
+ m& `& Y% M; q7 t" w 34. Vigils
4 |+ f: R$ y8 K% x F5 s
. b6 [8 l& f5 H* X5 E& n. n- a6 cDrama and Music
3 ?4 K, R- n/ _% p( p 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 d J# [7 ~, g( z1 | 36. Performances of plays and music0 R8 }3 a0 `+ H
37. Singing
$ C* y" Q) n0 s" o: S1 U5 j; X n3 h) P4 i0 w2 i/ A
Processions5 n- `! b% \4 ^3 G8 q; t
38. Marches: x% J/ l% Q' R
39. Parades6 e3 B8 ?) c: s, o3 n/ ~
40. Religious processions
- h8 |. D, @9 d, c7 L, V. } 41. Pilgrimages
! }8 ^: V; K1 k! R0 p! y/ N 42. Motorcades/ h; A6 @ F* g2 p" J$ I4 A C
1 {, [9 ?) M5 \& T: eHonoring the Dead
0 I: z! m; ^/ L. n 43. Political mourning( m5 C5 `0 s) d% v- m1 h2 i
44. Mock funerals0 C. F Q1 k8 p4 X9 c
45. Demonstrative funerals0 q, g$ H* w1 z* O
46. Homage at burial places
8 y3 l6 z6 y& G7 X; H0 ]+ n. [: W
. S* M' M* q, l6 rPublic Assemblies1 r3 @! H& q0 ?/ U& l! ^2 r
47. Assemblies of protest or support
# q6 T4 P+ T; ]: B7 q& Y 48. Protest meetings
! M6 v- n% h1 L" d5 ~# V8 F' ]2 _ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: h) c% {, I" e. Q) y; O A# s 50. Teach-ins" H0 A8 n- J) h4 R8 a/ B
) M8 [" ^9 W/ e" Y9 o" @) KWithdrawal and Renunciation
: f, }5 l0 t2 q8 S, _, A7 u 51. Walk-outs
7 f5 ? r" t4 a( v% I. q 52. Silence$ |5 P; g, u, @' x* q0 @
53. Renouncing honors
9 M' u9 a) [+ I9 t. ^ 54. Turning one’s back `' ^% ?- y( R0 m: Y! B3 o
& i k! Z0 p) R- @
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9 m- k( D, ]0 P6 qTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 _ p8 E0 \, N& O ~" U, y9 x r" N9 s4 K, q- j
# E# q0 U/ B! pOstracism of Persons
9 h2 R; X- ~& m7 `0 r 55. Social boycott5 J* ?( l2 v+ n. ^, d [
56. Selective social boycott
7 n F; E. e+ k2 G 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 o2 u7 ?- V0 R& D6 k D 58. Excommunication
( z: `2 X, H1 R5 ?1 G7 V/ m2 F$ Y 59. Interdict
1 t# T+ ~( x2 b. ~0 ^- H+ |. s1 c; F# g1 s1 m. } |$ n6 F
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ ^6 Z& E( E. T 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! a1 A; n: O* t6 i% p# V 61. Boycott of social affairs
: Y" d; d/ }3 L2 |# J2 T7 q0 ? 62. Student strike0 o* j+ S6 P& r- Y; O: u
63. Social disobedience
# I2 K; E; T; x8 Z1 j 64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 k2 ?) R$ a' j. [
/ N& E4 `+ R3 t, ` F9 R0 w
Withdrawal from the Social System
) T5 S, }: W- {9 r) L! d 65. Stay-at-home
; s T/ s# S6 L, I8 U! U/ X$ X 66. Total personal noncooperation1 z) c0 G$ b& W8 v+ n# e! }$ S
67. “Flight” of workers
$ ^, {( ^: A' ^& f' o; K 68. Sanctuary; x; D- i9 e4 O5 `; ^
69. Collective disappearance
" e n2 Q/ E2 q4 b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 j% ^6 b7 v* C$ X+ e# g+ A
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Actions by Consumers
& v4 j6 m6 q. |( i- @ 71. Consumers’ boycott
% {" o/ p6 O0 w r$ T0 K 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 g7 m" Y6 _7 C+ m 73. Policy of austerity
) f, V% H3 n+ N$ T! K# j 74. Rent withholding7 J8 I4 w- i; f1 j
75. Refusal to rent0 v! d5 f/ H& P: `8 D
76. National consumers’ boycott
' w# D3 C" M+ { 77. International consumers’ boycott
2 K( k+ ~9 O$ p' y8 T4 h/ u# j4 g6 e3 C' p+ l" ?; E; _
Action by Workers and Producers2 w6 `7 a( z2 s t5 m3 `7 c
78. Workmen’s boycott9 [( x- o4 ?% q9 N3 I% K) _9 d
79. Producers’ boycott
4 e% ~, O8 Z' K" `
& D9 v4 w: v& a$ X, g8 y! eAction by Middlemen7 G4 A# r# \4 D; E# [
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 ?9 i7 N: X; U# z4 H
( y8 M3 i) i) ?- s+ \. uAction by Owners and Management
, ^$ @3 [: S; s! c% z5 t1 r 81. Traders’ boycott3 W! l$ L5 V3 K$ A' K: P& ]
82. Refusal to let or sell property! @& m9 [* p" e, y g
83. Lockout4 k9 O K E# O1 t4 w
84. Refusal of industrial assistance* W8 v/ @/ T1 v3 `6 J+ y+ @
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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1 T) T" \1 [# J8 d" wAction by Holders of Financial Resources- \2 j% x+ C m0 V3 v
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ M7 D$ C" P% F8 x. N- a 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 a8 ?# P8 t2 Y$ z0 ~' [* z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ q+ P9 b1 [1 ^# G+ y: t6 N- |2 ]% C
89. Severance of funds and credit0 E' O; j- F4 M* N! O4 {6 Z, x
90. Revenue refusal! ]$ N- q: U/ R7 H5 V
91. Refusal of a government’s money
; I3 y9 }3 j7 M$ T4 r* Z# x0 P( h) n; |$ K8 H. {8 V+ y, h7 C3 l
Action by Governments/ k* h" ]& o6 p" ~8 E
92. Domestic embargo- U+ Y+ ~. [2 [7 c7 P6 M9 R6 x
93. Blacklisting of traders/ ~, u( `. f! {6 b
94. International sellers’ embargo
/ z7 y9 H4 Q K9 @9 @ P+ i/ A 95. International buyers’ embargo. C. Z s+ K5 m
96. International trade embargo7 n6 b0 w* }0 R5 b: M
; s( R) _+ \# v1 w3 H% Q 4 G# _1 F, H; h2 e: r
! O* c( R9 W+ i" X# yTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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9 ?+ m. [5 C* R9 gSymbolic Strikes
9 N& V A/ l; \! u D 97. Protest strike
4 k6 o( P& f# M8 K 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 g- T/ D' R7 y% N- U
; L7 q! C+ j* d, u$ b) u" uAgricultural Strikes2 L/ d1 U3 Z) _' n1 G
99. Peasant strike6 l+ W( a2 h$ B2 A' P
100. Farm Workers’ strike
/ H `2 q! b- n8 R. ]0 v5 I/ R7 J3 i
4 }( I S+ Q; H3 i7 P0 w2 O# w& |$ xStrikes by Special Groups9 C% Y, v7 D/ G! A4 s
101. Refusal of impressed labor
& P; D! l4 g8 x3 |1 {! o: z 102. Prisoners’ strike
, f$ w- O; E9 [ 103. Craft strike
$ A" @9 h3 r, |) w) P* Y6 \ 104. Professional strike& L+ s+ v* ?; b( I# e, n0 m
+ o) u7 k" K6 W0 M* H" ]Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ ?% f& G# }, a9 N% c$ n& J
105. Establishment strike# M) @0 l( |* C! _& D. o
106. Industry strike; q9 g& X- t R
107. Sympathetic strike
: Z0 i3 ?5 V% g! a4 ~" o+ [) B$ j% @2 t; d D' `
Restricted Strikes% y- \# S8 U/ ^: d' k. x
108. Detailed strike- {- m! u9 `3 H. q" P0 M
109. Bumper strike: {' x' w7 g1 |0 g, ?
110. Slowdown strike
1 t# P" f; Q% E( g" B! o 111. Working-to-rule strike
# d2 i& b6 v& e, a 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% H m( X3 @: |1 ] a, i
113. Strike by resignation m" i" F9 c5 z8 w) e. u' b
114. Limited strike! u$ V- Q/ s: d4 ^! W& D
115. Selective strike" H( d1 b( y' q! P4 _
7 w4 {. s9 O6 ?* G" @, | \# I7 CMulti-Industry Strikes5 z0 [' F6 s( x4 A) N
% o* f. h; F: {
116. Generalized strike1 O: o% E/ C E- n
& s5 W! X, ]1 w: t6 M9 \ 117. General strike8 i$ h* K* A+ P! d
( m9 T0 `2 C, S8 \8 i
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal: k# F H$ f! ^& p T: b
3 q; Z5 X! d6 `& H2 z
119. Economic shutdown
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+ `. |0 ` Z- g 2 {4 `8 t) C9 J2 Y5 K8 G
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION3 ~1 S5 _2 v* q K
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Rejection of Authority
4 M* M1 ]4 X- L! E' b0 i1 W8 s 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 Z+ Z1 E, k P 121. Refusal of public support6 x( k5 J0 a f5 b3 U. ]! A' C
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance* P2 r; Y9 K( {% U# a
: S; e, Q; r/ A* E, f6 }. v4 d4 ?
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 z2 i8 k3 c- R0 o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
3 v0 o- e' F/ a6 `) W8 ~8 U 124. Boycott of elections
' `6 {# ~6 J2 E; f 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# S6 r* U4 T' P! H2 t* m 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' O* Y. w2 s9 _) ]) [ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# f; ~3 {# y& w" v 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
[2 k9 N4 h3 F 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( q$ c% x% i/ F# s6 ` 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 ]. Q8 W& q! V$ w+ x2 r; O2 B5 k 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# w# N( Y# k2 _9 |- k
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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1 z! T# X' \7 k. bCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 y+ Z) L3 j( y8 P+ e! j0 R3 S
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 v' S) P# G: b: p$ E, s8 | 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& ?* H* c5 g- W/ H% ]" e 135. Popular nonobedience' H) C( Z$ r: x
136. Disguised disobedience0 L. B8 c4 h# U2 O! K
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. ~3 D" { [* s x) I2 E 138. Sitdown
. G9 i4 b5 b. ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: j. ]4 Q- p, R* w 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
. p; O$ \3 t q1 K* s 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 ^) x/ o( a: X4 k$ z" l* T1 ^: K' A- Q. B9 W4 H
Action by Government Personnel
* c1 M1 Z% @) |# l1 K; |: k _ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ w, u9 C( r' U% k K( O 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. E3 W, X+ }- M3 A/ ]. U 144. Stalling and obstruction$ s1 ?& ~" J g' e" x6 R( I! [
145. General administrative noncooperation
6 d1 f L' a. t/ Z5 u
8 M. N/ ~2 I- U. s5 L t! P/ n: k 146. Judicial noncooperation0 v: V) `" M; `9 r" u2 O
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' A4 R4 c: f; a, s! _. e 148. Mutiny
7 d+ G$ @. c" `% pDomestic Governmental Action0 F' a4 n& E5 ?; `8 N
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& `, W0 o) w+ ~1 c9 X+ @7 ^) s 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" x P- _/ ]$ ]; O
, f1 N% F/ A0 Z) l' p9 @* IInternational Governmental Action
0 C& O9 J# `9 ^- _ c9 U 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) s0 t+ R1 ~. m5 L, ^+ P8 g. f) P 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ {3 ?" t% S2 c; @# {/ Y4 g0 C$ [/ L 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" _4 H- q( Q( w" ^; ~6 Q# M
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- p& g9 C( h: L) t4 K
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ |5 S+ X. V3 L8 l: b 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 [+ m/ K% ^% C 157. Expulsion from international organizations0 l2 f, X% C( z9 f" {) W9 S
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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0 U6 G* t3 @) vPsychological Intervention9 D/ l6 X; T& f1 y
158. Self-exposure to the elements
* B; k( S* E: B6 J. x/ ?/ Q9 Z 159. The fast
/ a/ v$ C' \# `1 T# Q0 H1 S5 Y a) Fast of moral pressure
( E8 c5 j6 u% j- p6 H* u. R b) Hunger strike0 |6 y" R! Q! {7 J$ J9 g# v4 s! M
c) Satyagrahic fast
% Q5 N% p7 H1 b, O9 a: H$ ^ 160. Reverse trial5 e9 T+ M5 a$ S8 {( S2 M' G( P [) {6 t
161. Nonviolent harassment" J+ |" d! S+ i, t% {* L1 A2 z) y0 Z
: M( i7 M1 r: a6 |" tPhysical Intervention+ _: ^9 a" y& G5 _7 Q/ {, `3 c. Q
162. Sit-in; X7 ^9 l. ?4 C- {0 y! `* I9 M/ D) m
163. Stand-in
8 P3 m8 e- Y" y6 d! l7 B 164. Ride-in
% t+ d2 q! B: y 165. Wade-in
5 M$ |: e5 m; x, `3 Q2 A 166. Mill-in
, E, n, E3 r+ B" }, D1 M 167. Pray-in
~ ~7 ~; I1 i. l! j 168. Nonviolent raids( f8 y Z3 r: p W9 v
169. Nonviolent air raids8 |4 U, f# a$ c7 ~4 w9 x
170. Nonviolent invasion
5 W' l, I: i: T W9 B( C5 f, I 171. Nonviolent interjection
/ ^) o# s& t c7 p; }5 o 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 d7 {: ?# z8 w$ h! e
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention D( N; U' Y) m/ h$ N$ _, |1 Q/ B
174. Establishing new social patterns
0 ^" r! |4 E0 x 175. Overloading of facilities! l# Z3 { |5 ^: e# {
176. Stall-in
* J8 R& _* ?: |2 Z% Q: {" s) z 177. Speak-in/ L( ?0 \% q2 s+ ^1 z
178. Guerrilla theater
9 s% W9 V0 I9 T, f2 T, K 179. Alternative social institutions. k$ m7 E! B* m
180. Alternative communication system
* Y8 P& Q3 J) S. `2 _
9 @9 @0 E( w0 x+ g" L2 gEconomic Intervention
8 o8 b, z' d) z* @+ p0 k 181. Reverse strike8 D3 W* R- i" a/ q! f1 Y0 B
182. Stay-in strike# k9 N4 O! j( {6 b6 z: r
183. Nonviolent land seizure
# i! x0 E: i( Y( W/ K: I% M 184. Defiance of blockades- _3 u7 @7 X: g V
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ ]4 V$ f7 O( P( M% {8 ~" F
186. Preclusive purchasing8 h" m' c. n6 ]3 R% q+ P
187. Seizure of assets
# Y) _( u9 Q: o/ _ w 188. Dumping' }. H. j" ?8 `
189. Selective patronage6 P ~, {* q. ?. P# V
190. Alternative markets1 g/ u- x+ u& P
191. Alternative transportation systems) n$ K0 l" c% n' m7 ]& E8 V* z
192. Alternative economic institutions
1 j" s; y. _% B! u: X- X
6 |+ f0 v0 L& [Political Intervention* z. |9 k6 m5 D8 {
193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 r( Q7 x4 X/ B d: L 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( X# |! `/ \+ I' o
195. Seeking imprisonment7 ?7 u% n# K' y- y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
+ V2 [' S' k# w" T' f. Y 197. Work-on without collaboration
. G6 i* p1 h! @/ s0 A 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' O, ?3 L* s% y0 }' i: r
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
