 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. u' q" S0 {3 z: uFormal Statements
; l' d& r- z' Q2 c 1. Public Speeches
# S9 @; c3 T, i" U 2. Letters of opposition or support7 V, v9 |9 a' H% \& ]
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ N: V c& Z/ |0 n x* B; c
4. Signed public statements
Z0 [9 z4 l& b 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
W" g. _7 {/ g7 Q5 h/ I 6. Group or mass petitions/ t$ D) J" L) }2 G& m
; s5 ^: n9 p, }! s0 g6 E F: K2 a
Communications with a Wider Audience
0 X: B+ U( E0 T2 C" w u 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 X; e& ?" o: A, S9 q4 h4 n8 A; t 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 k. i% g4 x' ]
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% r# P% o: v1 q
10. Newspapers and journals
0 W9 D# e5 G: h. }9 B* g 11. Records, radio, and television8 x% T. a( h2 H
12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 k, P2 ~4 F t* R
2 P I) {* c5 o. X% g
Group Representations
4 T, m5 X# r; }' f 13. Deputations
: P/ `( C! ?! D% J 14. Mock awards7 b+ Z& O" U4 ?( Z+ G% `% |
15. Group lobbying
0 f2 Q$ a& t" z0 [! B; G 16. Picketing# q% s3 v- \( @
17. Mock elections, u, `# \8 [7 n5 o0 s4 V: z
4 c4 i/ N+ d1 d: MSymbolic Public Acts
; e0 f: [+ s- X$ B9 u0 }4 V; X- ?1 d 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors5 W2 t; q1 s8 k2 t1 ^
19. Wearing of symbols, M, q+ s3 }9 e( e
20. Prayer and worship5 E5 x4 c! Z& m) K0 J
21. Delivering symbolic objects
/ B, u+ p) R. z9 S 22. Protest disrobings
* n, z4 _% j" m 23. Destruction of own property
1 |# C8 r1 v. x 24. Symbolic lights" L% m) ]. X& A- F
25. Displays of portraits
; y n6 d& ]7 n5 S 26. Paint as protest1 f7 m: {: B5 z/ X2 y
27. New signs and names
! d1 G8 T. q' H" Q* h/ c 28. Symbolic sounds) m( C" N8 |4 U4 u8 v8 J
29. Symbolic reclamations4 P9 m, {' B1 o. q: O9 [5 a1 w
30. Rude gestures
/ J& D7 t0 n4 z; \- Y8 R8 U- T$ v4 F7 j
Pressures on Individuals
6 O3 N. l, v" A 31. “Haunting” officials
9 _; t, E% ?# n9 d* `9 u 32. Taunting officials
% h9 Y& B1 ~. | 33. Fraternization
/ H& i2 @! h- W u# b 34. Vigils
' t. { O+ P9 f- C1 ~0 N4 H+ o& s6 T
Drama and Music; N3 C# p' r5 {
35. Humorous skits and pranks% i! n' S; h& \6 d3 w
36. Performances of plays and music
6 n) Y% {( M/ K6 S 37. Singing+ d( `" ^5 o+ q6 U$ N
/ o. P" \, Y" c, Z) e5 V/ w/ y
Processions
; C' }) i n* ~; M- Y3 V 38. Marches4 S: P0 w" O6 p4 [* g# Z; X$ v
39. Parades9 f6 q" s5 W$ J# q
40. Religious processions3 w% k' w% |. Y: i& _2 E
41. Pilgrimages4 o; o E3 Z4 r- ` O9 l$ d
42. Motorcades
# X: i( j9 `" U0 d) M/ M; I3 Z0 y+ ]. A
Honoring the Dead
& p7 c( {! o& S, } 43. Political mourning6 ~& T4 ?- Z0 C
44. Mock funerals2 B1 k# M6 }8 E# x0 o8 Z
45. Demonstrative funerals* |$ g# L- P+ H2 G* r c$ x7 D' b
46. Homage at burial places
3 m F1 O. a) N$ ^% b, r! a/ W* I( ^# g' k5 w
Public Assemblies
. @( l6 R" f- p( H 47. Assemblies of protest or support
) |, @# J* w8 V: @: s; ?8 N 48. Protest meetings
2 g# q" X8 Z: t+ W' {8 H4 t) z4 @ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 u/ v) w" P; |
50. Teach-ins" q, M6 f/ `' Y, w5 ?& R5 L. r
9 Y2 Y( X3 e* s+ r
Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 p; W' j, ?. |, G ?; Q% b 51. Walk-outs2 d( a: S+ E$ u* Z- g5 I; i
52. Silence
% B3 ]" W! u5 W6 o3 K5 c& x 53. Renouncing honors6 I0 y$ F6 ^7 ]) o7 ]+ d- H
54. Turning one’s back- @- i% x# t, _. K" @
3 U) j8 `+ `8 V, ]9 e% I/ d
- h: G V6 E" b. _
% Q0 v5 b' n/ I. ]' C0 FTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: A% Q' W7 E4 G' B. }5 {+ d5 b7 Z7 O8 Z5 H& V" \) A8 L9 P- h# C
. I, `$ v. L f1 s- Y# e' D: s) p9 A6 v$ r+ v! C. R4 u4 m7 ~/ e
Ostracism of Persons
( X* D3 l+ l, t! c. V* c 55. Social boycott
% a( j1 F) X1 Q4 U: |, F9 K 56. Selective social boycott! N+ i4 K4 J7 A
57. Lysistratic nonaction' t( Q5 d! M3 }9 F2 j
58. Excommunication2 w) k, W! D! ~1 p1 C# D2 f
59. Interdict5 g- \! t& Z2 A
8 q3 I' t& n" f" O
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ T* A, K, Y3 \* F/ S( T0 B c- T
60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 R/ p9 b2 j W) X5 O. X% i5 w0 \: X
61. Boycott of social affairs) F3 R9 G$ p: a+ J6 R3 }
62. Student strike9 p( ^2 y0 w5 F5 f7 a# T. b' n
63. Social disobedience* R3 J8 C, ~4 x% j
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- N W. ^- o# o* ~
# @* X' ^6 F l% C% v U8 nWithdrawal from the Social System& V& C+ Z; J. k$ o
65. Stay-at-home2 }+ [: a, X# q% U
66. Total personal noncooperation
# U( w# I/ p# X% R6 I, P 67. “Flight” of workers
3 o( U1 C$ L W9 U) I 68. Sanctuary
- `$ Y/ g9 L$ ]4 ^% M! w 69. Collective disappearance
8 a. e- L; O7 M- X7 V9 U" Z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat); B5 p7 A, h4 z1 h$ o+ d) p, H( Y
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6 a$ M$ G% ^; i$ l; b' j9 s9 gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: ~( [& l' O; o( c
$ O4 F$ m e7 y$ H) x: f
6 o+ F) P& c0 q4 RActions by Consumers% s0 V$ n* N5 R- r4 u: ?
71. Consumers’ boycott, N7 y- t' w) E9 ^$ H! x. d
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. H: b/ T( \. N: v' l
73. Policy of austerity
6 _& h) G. a `* r 74. Rent withholding
6 G) k9 j9 Z* I$ ? 75. Refusal to rent
- e8 E0 w, O0 O 76. National consumers’ boycott' n: I2 D+ a! }/ ^0 U! B$ T
77. International consumers’ boycott
3 @0 j# E E$ h5 K8 n5 s& H+ I0 [* I L; e9 @
Action by Workers and Producers* s3 S& \" R; @3 y3 S: ^; n
78. Workmen’s boycott
" q1 D- O& f. ] 79. Producers’ boycott
, {, u+ q# ^( q" x5 W+ t
: ]1 A/ K7 D, w) Q' S. D) R* uAction by Middlemen9 k p1 \ |7 O s
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% ?( J* m' `; z
; C1 ~5 T2 q3 n& A- `4 dAction by Owners and Management
* _6 T# y7 ~. N0 y1 s 81. Traders’ boycott
! J, R3 K y4 A: r9 \ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
* p! d+ b! a% Q' G 83. Lockout5 w2 h* b! g* V0 |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance- {% J- l2 p3 `- p
85. Merchants’ “general strike”( E; P5 V3 q3 y: w: e
' O5 y' j3 ~; F, ]Action by Holders of Financial Resources/ L4 J( k& D5 g5 I8 l0 U/ r
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
0 c4 X$ Z8 c4 ?5 f% }7 z8 D" O 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) f: r5 _, K7 t5 l9 P; n 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest$ X" v- `: ]0 J4 b0 P" h/ H
89. Severance of funds and credit
" W* e* A# Y+ k9 B0 D! B- i 90. Revenue refusal8 K; R7 j; F1 A. f1 _1 ]4 n' B
91. Refusal of a government’s money7 L: F2 Z0 A, z) _6 \( |
# L9 w/ B, s. DAction by Governments2 `/ n+ e7 V3 K% ~" [7 G
92. Domestic embargo
, w9 N, o2 v0 E7 {1 l) q 93. Blacklisting of traders
+ O$ {/ Y0 s. n/ M! x& f+ Y N+ a 94. International sellers’ embargo# Z4 I+ [, F, V) s
95. International buyers’ embargo" N; p" V) H/ m' [( |
96. International trade embargo
b4 ^% I. U- ^, [ t8 |( K4 X2 R9 C8 {# S6 v3 t
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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H6 j. z k$ \" l3 GSymbolic Strikes1 {7 ?- K* O( }$ Z8 i# @, w9 p6 a
97. Protest strike( |9 j: p; @1 a: B: J" y' k1 @7 w: r; T
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 M, ?6 e5 A: X) d" s0 s8 Z* g4 F
Agricultural Strikes
9 B5 l7 k. f$ z; ^7 F6 [+ f4 P 99. Peasant strike
) v9 G& x7 K4 }" ?5 c# W 100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 E; q; `$ ? N8 ? i3 b6 j, A9 E2 U3 o& V
Strikes by Special Groups
- A# b) n4 O) {. c4 {% f+ @ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
Q I. [0 i- e/ O/ T 102. Prisoners’ strike
! ?8 N& X9 u4 a 103. Craft strike
, { s: [; ~( c 104. Professional strike
4 i/ m5 Q o7 H4 I1 x; n# [7 Y( T7 U, d" |- z2 G- B
Ordinary Industrial Strikes8 \9 A/ ~* O) }. w5 Z' [
105. Establishment strike5 ]( }* I( L$ M! c1 X$ z; J7 T
106. Industry strike& H, T/ V3 L8 a3 _* a* M
107. Sympathetic strike1 f1 y# ` A9 P& X" a
' E5 m& Q. l' l% h) n1 D( t: @Restricted Strikes
H) x4 f" F( t! k# S 108. Detailed strike. F; h) p1 U! a( m& \/ m2 N
109. Bumper strike2 Z; @. e/ E# A/ [6 {2 j
110. Slowdown strike, H V/ e o; ]) M
111. Working-to-rule strike
' }" ?, N) b1 p" ~ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); Q) j$ w) M6 e1 [0 H
113. Strike by resignation( s6 s1 W/ k$ w# l8 I
114. Limited strike* D4 m, `1 }* ?* K" }+ U
115. Selective strike: B' E b$ X( u; H. T5 @1 L
; E% P- B L, S) S- G' C
Multi-Industry Strikes
# v" K% x' z* [
; y, D6 R- B& L& q- b& k 116. Generalized strike. ~* d7 S8 \( o z, U; N% g# ]
! w8 i% V# g! M, z% U9 l) s
117. General strike
8 p! k+ _ @0 Y) d7 i+ t! q
% J( m% ?! A' R! v# l& {Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- w: P, n2 H! t. N
! R* n h) ?4 R5 M( m 118. Hartal# z1 @- q8 C; z+ G! y
9 d- P0 a! Q% V$ D4 K$ @8 m 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" ?, {% [% M4 u+ V
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5 o' J' |" k: h' Y0 I; sRejection of Authority
. q& f/ B K6 X2 w2 J/ o 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# J7 Y3 e( V" }5 _2 h/ F% f
121. Refusal of public support+ W5 Z$ z0 F6 y. |$ V9 A3 n# ]* s
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 P3 C' B8 y- C2 I) q I3 |
( L7 U0 a' o& hCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: d4 U8 X# F, P, t 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 S4 t0 d) P9 k: k" k 124. Boycott of elections
# b8 f: s& h0 m. ?: y 125. Boycott of government employment and positions) ]* i& c7 f6 e& O, K7 p5 }$ b# z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% v0 I1 }% z4 t& Z6 Y" P8 y& @8 Q
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 a+ ~/ E- V3 C8 M
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% m3 O: |2 `; U: x9 ~" l- E- H
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" |8 N- s3 q, L5 [
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& g6 F( C8 _7 w( R( S* g- s6 J 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 L) m1 j$ t; `* x4 } 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; T3 _( G2 d: O, ?7 f/ z
# O6 ? X; J. |& c2 k8 ], S
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) a: V" M% v$ T3 j: Q" @
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
% G# p8 H# F4 ` 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 U% ^0 S. a" L3 c; r- d 135. Popular nonobedience+ N3 x! C6 {# m6 y! S. d( E& Y
136. Disguised disobedience1 l# a7 }* l$ m6 c# y% O4 |6 M
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse& w! Y3 @ ~7 ~* S% Z
138. Sitdown
5 S5 f A7 d5 s 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 J0 {" F4 C c
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 \1 p3 c+ A7 C. }2 Y$ x 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' E ]% t& _8 W+ R+ A! C
0 Q' k: Q/ `4 E) DAction by Government Personnel
$ q( i- m. Q% w 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 }; Q' p+ }& _* J, g) v' K
143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 t) [) S( G( t# _9 R' v7 ]* D3 q
144. Stalling and obstruction
- f4 t+ P6 J1 w, @/ u! Y, ?" X 145. General administrative noncooperation0 b6 R, Y3 W4 T/ }$ ] [
4 g* Q# j9 o# V 146. Judicial noncooperation
7 L2 {) o; q: N! O" ? 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents, @4 k7 L& }# F
148. Mutiny
) c- [1 i& A- L+ t! ^$ p& tDomestic Governmental Action
( c- M# @, D$ u* i% _ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 A# E* A% K, C
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 `, q6 Y w' R+ V& C+ |) n* B) k5 Y5 {* z( Q
International Governmental Action
7 Q( S( u: u. D, {9 \% G 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
0 q4 B9 J) t t! Z7 G" z 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* ~4 L" h" z7 ?8 P
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: ~- {+ u5 E4 P, G 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 ^- m2 U) _9 f1 K: A3 ~: o8 M 155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ t7 U1 b9 B2 a' @8 N- F
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 {* v" b5 X7 l0 U 157. Expulsion from international organizations7 M: C( I! `" Y" l/ W+ j# J
9 `3 ^# @8 `3 \$ f" s6 M D ; l# A3 y4 p7 E* o' E4 F
& }8 P; x! p9 K/ i) t
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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3 L9 }; Y# M) }7 |/ U 5 m# G' e/ v7 O
Psychological Intervention+ P9 z$ D. X; G" [
158. Self-exposure to the elements
' ?$ x3 n; \! R9 K: _: m0 a5 @ 159. The fast1 c. o0 K5 J! L* k8 C/ o$ ]
a) Fast of moral pressure7 U; Q% Y' Y. J- G0 T8 k$ o7 f! ?
b) Hunger strike
~0 i2 m8 U( f( I6 g/ T c) Satyagrahic fast
3 j2 \* g/ Q, X 160. Reverse trial
2 q6 p4 d+ v0 m S! W 161. Nonviolent harassment7 X0 ~* G* @& R! ^( L. ]5 G" @
) G- _& B9 ^+ C) C6 XPhysical Intervention
5 i* Y$ V) H: J' q7 ]% N 162. Sit-in2 \* C# @0 g1 [4 X# m+ p
163. Stand-in
1 `0 E% m2 Q/ i4 M 164. Ride-in$ s( m* `+ R5 X8 O( T
165. Wade-in& j1 l- Q+ B( y8 F) J! j
166. Mill-in, g% M5 d4 X, S+ E7 M5 Q2 f6 g
167. Pray-in
& S, l) h( L- l7 ]2 V; N, U 168. Nonviolent raids, b" _! {, i0 }
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ i# p5 f1 f! ~. W0 X4 \. E 170. Nonviolent invasion3 d( P5 V% S2 U* W& Q5 O" p
171. Nonviolent interjection. N0 E& w1 z! v" L0 q$ T$ Y
172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 d" z% _# o" H/ z/ q7 A5 D8 f 173. Nonviolent occupation
0 \: ^0 J: W% Z5 ~2 T3 g; j1 s4 L j$ |& |2 ^. {+ z! t6 x
Social Intervention
2 P3 u1 M r6 B9 S/ k5 F: R2 w; S 174. Establishing new social patterns& D$ j; G6 `( K+ a- j
175. Overloading of facilities
$ [9 l5 l4 t+ g8 U: n' A9 O9 R 176. Stall-in
, P" O9 [5 @7 Y5 u5 i# H" \ 177. Speak-in
# ^/ X6 N- z V: Z1 w# ? 178. Guerrilla theater
: |' Y! ]! E& H- `& _ 179. Alternative social institutions5 S: H" c% ?/ [! ~1 {
180. Alternative communication system! y3 {/ L# _9 U1 A
# _ p7 H' O! Z/ w1 VEconomic Intervention8 \; y4 `: O" O3 }
181. Reverse strike7 S) z/ c: _. q3 B( v n* D0 J% h
182. Stay-in strike6 D9 z3 X% x1 G/ Y" Q6 u4 \
183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 n' p' j9 `+ d 184. Defiance of blockades+ o/ a) K: [/ H# {. z+ C+ X! a
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 I8 z5 d! R& w5 V+ j& C* L 186. Preclusive purchasing
- \) t% v0 R3 H 187. Seizure of assets `0 S/ o9 ?' o. J! _
188. Dumping, H, m7 K% F1 ^, h
189. Selective patronage' Q( m2 h { U6 K e
190. Alternative markets( ?4 u+ @* }% K. [" s! J
191. Alternative transportation systems
' f' L& q0 v9 F- ] 192. Alternative economic institutions
+ v8 K( g, o& _0 m" y; v7 J5 T! u/ l2 `3 D2 V$ H9 J. F- z, k2 o5 T. ~
Political Intervention
& F- W# {- L# d6 [3 d 193. Overloading of administrative systems0 k9 l6 N; a' ?/ y0 ?7 H& s
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 y2 Y) f) x$ q0 s- o2 [0 U
195. Seeking imprisonment1 U4 c3 J' Y( V5 m* Y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. M, \2 Y7 |+ z9 C
197. Work-on without collaboration
9 Q8 f' ]% u' o- n4 i 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
