 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION7 @; h" {; ~( i* g1 n$ n
Formal Statements
, s1 y3 ?# M# n9 K 1. Public Speeches" @( C* N# x5 J; b# {1 r
2. Letters of opposition or support/ l( }& ]2 F6 i: ^ P9 W
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 h6 u2 K; h O2 w" C: W' V
4. Signed public statements
7 u' @4 ?" ]" o& f6 t7 ? 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# v+ o) A4 V0 G$ X8 b 6. Group or mass petitions
) w9 l& V4 m0 r" h, {) F; ~3 N
- Z" n, h5 R Y; w" VCommunications with a Wider Audience; z+ F( Y) f4 x; A5 b& _" ^
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% ?8 I( f: v, } 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 t4 K( ~( u& ]& a$ O0 w1 M 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books4 W# K7 I! s+ @. T1 M' l7 p( {
10. Newspapers and journals4 u3 A; C6 z' O; _( ]
11. Records, radio, and television+ N6 `$ R. k3 ]9 `3 J! h- t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting% C6 n8 W2 Y+ o+ W6 T
3 ^% w+ [; p8 B* t
Group Representations/ }5 f1 W0 O! L# `3 W& @2 r9 B
13. Deputations. Q$ k6 \2 Q* ~* q
14. Mock awards( H3 [0 n" j3 I" T# _7 o. O
15. Group lobbying& T* ?) ^9 j7 M9 u
16. Picketing
/ j! s$ }7 A1 c( K& Q 17. Mock elections
3 d; O6 O7 z# b5 O( ?% D
: C/ g' e, ^& c/ E: S: CSymbolic Public Acts
6 F1 n# J) D' G7 M& m 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 P" {2 \. B0 }% z6 t
19. Wearing of symbols* {/ j4 a: X% J4 M2 @1 q
20. Prayer and worship
5 l' Y- g( A3 A! E 21. Delivering symbolic objects$ x7 v! _/ V4 K1 W) S
22. Protest disrobings M3 c1 m1 k: a; p4 `8 \
23. Destruction of own property
; F; `: ^% } D 24. Symbolic lights2 u4 t; Y3 f* M* ?- e
25. Displays of portraits
- |/ X; A% J4 E0 y" a 26. Paint as protest, ]% g& p- g7 S7 S$ |9 ~
27. New signs and names2 X9 c% ~) j, u4 y9 A
28. Symbolic sounds8 F$ ~% b4 M9 A" Q! b
29. Symbolic reclamations
6 [" P4 L: U6 | 30. Rude gestures
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Pressures on Individuals6 j2 l& T7 {* V# T) p; a
31. “Haunting” officials& H/ u! y m$ D+ w6 T) p
32. Taunting officials
8 l8 ?3 X) F& x( F Q 33. Fraternization5 h$ z! U7 h9 d, t' S( P2 i" B4 g
34. Vigils
1 _, W& x8 M5 D6 m+ p, o3 ^( d9 d L2 U& g
Drama and Music+ l% k. S3 Q1 K( T1 m
35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ P& L+ _ Y( i 36. Performances of plays and music
4 Q) r( s* @$ z+ G 37. Singing) \9 L/ u& @# W" A( v' b
5 t1 A: `2 n, `) fProcessions
0 y: g1 w" a5 _- t+ K) V 38. Marches) V8 \( j# \ L- n7 I( }2 [
39. Parades
# c( P b& v; h( ~# q$ }4 o, a 40. Religious processions; J; V+ N% ]5 Q3 @( g
41. Pilgrimages
1 \5 t0 M9 s' F: K R; E7 I 42. Motorcades0 i9 ` D4 Q/ v9 o- J2 I
/ R: E' J; O* M: aHonoring the Dead
2 R5 A8 h/ X0 X1 |" T% e 43. Political mourning
8 G7 V O2 G6 ]# d 44. Mock funerals
& S7 n6 q4 C% B: U" [! t 45. Demonstrative funerals
5 a# ]4 }& S* J6 G5 N 46. Homage at burial places2 S" p1 j3 `7 G3 V9 T4 `+ F- b
1 p) z& Y( g* o
Public Assemblies( `: K% G8 ?1 |* G/ ~4 ?
47. Assemblies of protest or support3 O( v9 W- K/ w3 q: N
48. Protest meetings; N! \5 E9 G( h' S. T6 K0 J
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 a0 x5 P/ p2 b+ U2 X6 H9 R 50. Teach-ins. Y0 H7 N+ }0 }, ]0 F0 l# I& R( K
5 w6 b$ y3 b0 ^! X: ?Withdrawal and Renunciation
+ \0 K9 G- p3 o 51. Walk-outs
" X5 ^- }# X4 s0 a- L8 E% g, ~; ]4 w0 V 52. Silence
: b% D8 I+ S7 Y! q* O$ }6 q$ P0 y 53. Renouncing honors8 s: |* ?8 B" Q" y c
54. Turning one’s back
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* [4 c. m; `- a& a, d* q3 o 2 f3 `6 N3 a3 h9 p& j* D
% W. N" t* n5 {8 _THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& f# N7 a4 F: ^3 z1 w6 `
! u e- @# u: q4 P4 N* K
0 r5 W w5 U+ M9 ], K% }, X
0 E3 h, W4 ~0 c$ S
Ostracism of Persons
5 Z" b8 g6 w( j3 n- M* s" q J3 U 55. Social boycott7 \+ \4 r# i% ?3 N' k
56. Selective social boycott
6 Z/ r/ ]9 `& G, s. U5 { 57. Lysistratic nonaction
2 q* n; y+ D/ N 58. Excommunication
. y7 Y3 A( G% j. \4 p; M 59. Interdict
; O5 t9 n8 [1 q% E5 s$ j7 n$ d$ ?) x- `1 c9 ?$ P
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- B7 S1 N. M p0 Q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities: x: x# \5 _* |% G
61. Boycott of social affairs9 _) U# m( U8 D2 i& o- r
62. Student strike5 {, l' T0 F% L X
63. Social disobedience5 X6 `! o. h$ A* L8 Y! {% P) I" D
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) |) T1 o( }3 ]% m5 \* y
7 d- `; u+ r0 c: b9 ?) b! ]* YWithdrawal from the Social System
5 @" o! a0 Y3 D/ y 65. Stay-at-home
D) y1 P/ v3 j. Y5 G4 [ 66. Total personal noncooperation: V2 \6 h9 |# D! I
67. “Flight” of workers* {4 G0 D, {; G5 [7 z; o( j- ?
68. Sanctuary6 @1 i) T: N/ o/ E# H& {
69. Collective disappearance& ~, P y/ y, q" ?8 v! w$ |( g, ]
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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9 s4 o/ y- i* nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 ^. X I! l7 T* Y6 p* d0 O( }
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) N' O1 m% }" g, s ?3 z$ vActions by Consumers
' V/ R6 Q' }9 K- |; o, D 71. Consumers’ boycott6 d4 B1 N6 F4 |) @& @
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: d8 c0 t2 o1 U& }% A7 G j& r' o4 n
73. Policy of austerity' ~3 M5 r# s8 R
74. Rent withholding
: j( c) F! Z$ L9 ^3 S 75. Refusal to rent
- r1 \! R9 i/ t 76. National consumers’ boycott
6 u* v1 T; L( F 77. International consumers’ boycott
1 ?8 x( n. L1 V* v7 A1 `3 `/ d' |; u/ N
Action by Workers and Producers
6 t$ I% |6 _% ?2 l0 H7 B# ^7 ? 78. Workmen’s boycott
; O' v4 s- C/ D5 W3 {, G2 D5 e% C 79. Producers’ boycott
* R8 u! B5 _- J8 i% z# H4 k7 S/ q
! c7 R0 ?: X* ^' W) u5 \Action by Middlemen
) H1 V' ?$ G, F. z3 K 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott k8 ^& n& h6 H0 |
" S5 y' u" x2 H& n2 v
Action by Owners and Management
8 e e: y+ Z4 E4 i1 O3 p 81. Traders’ boycott' m1 _+ q+ D, p9 s' v8 L& x# ]9 a
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! S( q0 `, f w 83. Lockout
4 X o( o; x5 ^6 H 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 j' s4 k: ~0 v I& C 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ F- i" l8 Z; r+ r8 j4 L( v
( o( W6 O' K$ {0 _5 b7 I# qAction by Holders of Financial Resources; ?6 D, U' w( l0 n
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, Z7 h# M% A9 z- I( a+ u! y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 j" C/ M$ u( z+ B2 L 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest/ J% `, q+ Y* W: y- ^
89. Severance of funds and credit& J% o% E5 c! y, _6 b: l! {3 @
90. Revenue refusal) x' n9 u! ~# T6 W. e) h
91. Refusal of a government’s money5 o7 S) f- [0 C- F N. D3 {
1 g6 a3 v; X$ Y4 o; M
Action by Governments$ i; C Z) X8 t* f
92. Domestic embargo* t( N/ }, U# J+ j, U7 L
93. Blacklisting of traders
( ]$ Q5 \* C) z; G6 |2 C+ z 94. International sellers’ embargo: ]. W! y* \: Z0 E% s
95. International buyers’ embargo7 [( z4 E+ h) K) u* N; y
96. International trade embargo, P6 k4 K' f! l2 K3 s) b$ j
a2 X; u3 D4 Q2 X$ d
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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6 U% c5 D1 U h m$ ]+ v: D2 K* o / o8 ?2 |: | ]* F; h
Symbolic Strikes
1 J% S4 v5 |/ i1 i 97. Protest strike
0 i2 T+ R4 l- o; `- @1 d/ G4 I 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( @6 T8 e' e3 W# w. C: @* C/ t: Z5 D
; @( b$ @: b6 `2 {0 ~Agricultural Strikes) [" l( u1 I. T; c! W# M
99. Peasant strike. M$ d8 t5 G R1 X6 ~/ E) D7 d
100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 \2 K. o, X% \
0 g0 z5 j/ b8 Q5 `7 OStrikes by Special Groups: H. \& j9 W7 u- \3 Z$ N; H9 t, S* I, P
101. Refusal of impressed labor) k/ X3 |3 ?) i. C/ o" K8 V1 x3 _
102. Prisoners’ strike
! V1 a5 X6 h0 }# u w- m3 K 103. Craft strike6 X; R7 H. E3 j* }- F. Z, i
104. Professional strike+ e4 @5 [2 @5 t1 Q
% ~# @- w; N5 X+ Y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes* d; j) m6 t5 E# k7 X. t f
105. Establishment strike
' ]4 _# q: i* E" U+ n# R5 N+ V+ w 106. Industry strike
- e4 T' o& f+ C, E4 }4 G8 k) R 107. Sympathetic strike
) s7 n3 n3 g- r) J2 Q/ l! u+ s W7 W9 s) r: }# N8 Q2 Z; H( S' S" t
Restricted Strikes
0 o7 X2 j2 Y5 d8 P1 `, a' {; @ 108. Detailed strike
7 U$ h' E/ s. C; e5 Q& ] g 109. Bumper strike
; `. Y! g) X4 v& Q7 n; Z# E2 i 110. Slowdown strike3 v! U0 O, y, Z- w7 T% `
111. Working-to-rule strike% H( }( C9 s1 r
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) {' \ o$ N% p r- p+ c4 Z1 n
113. Strike by resignation, d1 c% \3 R% }& v+ a8 `
114. Limited strike
6 }; u2 V+ s. a; M2 A 115. Selective strike
+ m* @2 }' |$ i0 _+ Q% l& A- c
, @7 U0 o' ]) uMulti-Industry Strikes
; N( s: x2 P# J- {# r* h6 i, w/ Z
# Z, r ]3 G( a! b1 k- d7 v2 o1 x 116. Generalized strike' U% a* o; n3 B' ?
" ?6 f, o( A8 b- c1 ~# b3 }6 O 117. General strike9 Q' { B |6 S' I1 t
" P2 t+ m1 F& c# SCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures5 h5 E0 v& n- a8 O( {3 \! [/ o% }
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118. Hartal8 w/ z7 } i8 o* D# X7 ^
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119. Economic shutdown/ J/ p8 ^% p9 P( h% I$ q6 D- O
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION4 n/ ?6 ]3 u: ?6 J2 S
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: Q& P( F2 L7 ^# h0 A( ?Rejection of Authority4 S0 c8 E$ o# p. ~6 f4 l O, [
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 O% Y$ U* j; x& j. d, W
121. Refusal of public support0 g. x: W/ R: T" _5 ~
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 }6 A# W! x3 C# }5 [+ L
! ~* q N: B* K. b* {9 Z5 XCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 q7 W, j1 w! X2 l/ b
123. Boycott of legislative bodies( w3 P# o0 H5 v* p
124. Boycott of elections
0 z" s6 l' X2 W! M3 R% i 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' H' N. l" J \9 I# p" T' {+ X 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% I% p5 u+ Z+ J1 i 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions1 t+ M" Z" ^. s6 u5 G
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations2 w8 K2 h2 ?" I
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ i& V3 W0 l# ^& T$ D 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
A& @& w, _4 a, r/ f+ w6 x) }( d* e* o 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials S. ?* \% o8 [& Q: s. h- v6 `- f
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 B+ ?# p1 H# J/ E; |/ ]% D
$ q- Z7 u! k4 ICitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 f( x4 X# [7 F/ {$ y# x 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# G/ F+ L! k; ^0 @9 a. e% N- | 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- k- d7 {7 e1 K7 | 135. Popular nonobedience! a) E4 A5 S& s$ `: v
136. Disguised disobedience! f& W% t" V4 R4 i. O; D4 K
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- M( R4 p, A$ r: i, @' v Q
138. Sitdown
0 t$ M. X' Y; o0 V/ M- Q: \7 |* y 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ [, ^4 A1 c. o9 q( f3 J
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 s1 F) O) Z! o* N, y- I
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 T/ T0 W! }# T4 s# _; T
9 `* O; S/ m) z9 v$ T A1 B
Action by Government Personnel3 J1 J" Q* f+ n5 W2 a1 P
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ J- U0 J# @$ y3 z, B2 ^ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information( W5 y9 Q6 F% k; m$ ~- f9 _/ D
144. Stalling and obstruction2 f4 y( {; W& W1 m. k
145. General administrative noncooperation
% m4 q" K, `' x
7 f0 N! @9 ]2 N$ V* E) e 146. Judicial noncooperation' E- l0 O& a' N) a( K$ x
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 }2 V% Q- O+ o5 C" ~
148. Mutiny
) ?: l3 v: Q tDomestic Governmental Action! W. H+ B7 U- ^6 {0 @" ~
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
9 r# L( g9 E: I- W9 [$ @7 n' j 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# x+ x. I: S, f- ^$ N
8 w0 W1 Z$ x9 s6 R4 g2 d( |: d
International Governmental Action
- ^1 ]* I: i# [$ y' Y% t6 S0 H9 z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- b/ f- y0 W- n- c& z e
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
| W; S$ L% T- W; I 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ d- {- D6 |8 z Z* n2 G 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 _9 b/ r# A( m o2 s" \" G/ g3 @5 h4 Y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ r( e% |1 H! y4 L% q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 s# C, W6 \8 V 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 ?+ s0 x5 u: `" P- Z+ m$ \5 n1 `/ ]6 v$ h1 }
) ^/ @9 f; V! w1 TPsychological Intervention
. o0 Y: b# Z* O/ Y0 ~ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# P9 o# ?8 x$ H4 N% S8 g) N" S 159. The fast7 L% j" Q. P4 t. ?' u
a) Fast of moral pressure) A B1 n; L5 T! @9 A0 @
b) Hunger strike
7 c+ O! K. Z5 `( ^5 `$ j! Y c) Satyagrahic fast
4 z; c- W, }" `: p4 y 160. Reverse trial
( @( T3 c( A& [/ V* i+ u 161. Nonviolent harassment
- X8 H3 K+ c2 a- P
5 [5 p: `9 S! V; `Physical Intervention
5 p. d1 q- k- k; F$ F C 162. Sit-in( d J% g( J, p$ i) q
163. Stand-in
# a( N0 Q0 C5 \3 c0 h+ K* o- S! f* S 164. Ride-in6 r, n I& d6 `$ _( m P1 x6 t% _
165. Wade-in0 _$ b7 c. i% t) `2 X3 p" B
166. Mill-in( A/ W/ {* ]0 q: g0 G
167. Pray-in# g% k/ L" {6 F h' e4 N
168. Nonviolent raids" v& A% n" j8 I7 r) t2 q
169. Nonviolent air raids! w* Q0 T2 |/ p! m
170. Nonviolent invasion/ n& S( n+ z' t _
171. Nonviolent interjection
& r! `# b5 Y/ |7 p- t% ^ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 T. G6 X" s" a0 g& M2 J 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention% j- A2 X5 C1 X) m) G/ ~4 G- z) O
174. Establishing new social patterns
% M/ {' W! ~. s- P 175. Overloading of facilities/ {: W3 d- A* Y; f
176. Stall-in0 p: d9 X9 w0 }. C H' j, \
177. Speak-in
" L1 f' Y9 b$ K- h; c 178. Guerrilla theater* m6 o+ D1 m- N: |5 J& k
179. Alternative social institutions; ], K8 ?3 m5 X. n$ c7 Y
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
4 D; I' M) c& C& J2 b 181. Reverse strike% j1 M7 }/ f X% j- z9 k& M; U
182. Stay-in strike
3 y% W+ u+ l! w/ p# S 183. Nonviolent land seizure& v4 X+ l5 u! h; q# {
184. Defiance of blockades
0 Q( m7 r0 F$ r0 r 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 @9 t: \ `! @5 y! Z) B 186. Preclusive purchasing
S7 H. E3 k3 ^% n2 N 187. Seizure of assets
5 a! u, }7 u: P' g4 { 188. Dumping" M3 v9 H$ e+ Z9 D# f) f
189. Selective patronage3 T$ w& J0 c% ~: y
190. Alternative markets
' c1 o* T) _" E, N* u; {- E& S) X 191. Alternative transportation systems5 z$ b" a1 c" A0 l- X/ B
192. Alternative economic institutions' B, D0 u! N+ {6 C4 A
$ j7 V9 Y4 \ x) M
Political Intervention, H' u o: P) M _2 i% e
193. Overloading of administrative systems' h! j) U" p/ ]# A/ _: c
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( @: m4 ?7 d( c' v1 p; y+ ^ 195. Seeking imprisonment7 \2 |# V' w; @
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( I9 I5 T, h1 L8 c7 q. q 197. Work-on without collaboration4 R) `! p) s. Y9 P& I# g
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 W4 G6 t# ?4 n' ~0 A& L: P
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
