 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. a/ A# e- e ]% W+ ]# W- S. |Formal Statements
$ x5 i% r ^* R( J1 T# z 1. Public Speeches7 y, W3 z a+ o* }7 V# S
2. Letters of opposition or support1 P V1 W# ~- _0 {& _6 Y4 H
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# b8 H' Y" C% K
4. Signed public statements, ~; y U* F( i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. R, p7 e; b+ k 6. Group or mass petitions) G1 H8 B u. i4 t3 E1 o. ^, M
: |/ X- A: Q% @: |0 {' z% _- Z
Communications with a Wider Audience" d2 Q9 G O- q% R+ x
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- j6 \8 k9 A' t( W. I+ E7 Z 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" n# W- W# P5 ]% {# i
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; @% z. c+ T" l/ C% O/ k 10. Newspapers and journals
* c# ~8 S- Y2 `' m6 }5 B6 G2 J 11. Records, radio, and television& K% p5 i8 V. l5 E/ N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 W5 H8 o3 a: P+ ~' ~
( Y% u* i5 G% X) T' A
Group Representations5 s) w( A( C! `" Q+ i
13. Deputations
" e/ t3 H8 v' m9 i+ f6 m; t3 ^ 14. Mock awards! X9 u! }+ N5 N2 Z& J5 W& H2 `+ F* H1 z
15. Group lobbying
* Z# {- y% ]0 S- R% A1 b7 l! C4 ] 16. Picketing' Y; I" r5 i# z0 h( g/ `* N
17. Mock elections, Q2 P; L$ ]0 D# f2 S7 t/ s
/ U! g, {, ` aSymbolic Public Acts3 ]+ d1 |3 v, ~$ a7 A, b
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 ~" S& B7 [$ U; N" O/ K2 i- _) P
19. Wearing of symbols0 R) U. Z0 T. |
20. Prayer and worship
7 J! i: L7 _8 Q4 r5 T' G 21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 V* `% C, Q( d; _. b 22. Protest disrobings
- {' u' G: O2 M' [: u 23. Destruction of own property
9 f, L* Q; \6 j8 } 24. Symbolic lights6 [1 W0 c# T8 m [5 @
25. Displays of portraits0 ?7 v! S8 p$ k' @0 m
26. Paint as protest: a, z) _, v. D; y7 D
27. New signs and names
, K2 a7 d( d1 J7 \6 J 28. Symbolic sounds' V0 M: t* v# q F) @
29. Symbolic reclamations( w+ l$ A$ m! U. G8 p6 g
30. Rude gestures
- T9 l$ o/ z5 Q% S6 [
/ A- t6 _ ?& P+ B$ [Pressures on Individuals
# E2 h8 w9 L9 s- n 31. “Haunting” officials
+ ?- V a" V, ^& i/ e' w 32. Taunting officials5 O5 l% J( H7 J6 C Q
33. Fraternization$ T" s; V. x1 Q1 p
34. Vigils% w4 q% L4 Q: Q3 U6 c
6 x1 ]8 K; @3 {' `4 J
Drama and Music
3 O: M) z2 N: g3 t7 A: A; ~) a6 A 35. Humorous skits and pranks! m( z, B+ p9 z" L8 M; Z
36. Performances of plays and music6 H9 p' x* B( F5 E
37. Singing* c5 K; _8 f. o6 |, ?7 p: W6 x
) U/ [ l* P$ g7 t- }3 FProcessions" {* Y8 A/ O+ }+ ]
38. Marches
7 P' }3 j E- A, d4 X( e7 U 39. Parades" l3 E+ z3 y: z f+ k$ k y! L
40. Religious processions% h; ^7 B! x* r- I+ |5 t
41. Pilgrimages
: {% l- p. ^7 P C& C) T8 \. p, d 42. Motorcades* t( {4 ~: z7 Q# h, h# B, i2 C
8 S6 D0 z5 z8 }, D8 J2 t0 [& RHonoring the Dead
" S% l0 c+ T) a; O. {$ E$ A 43. Political mourning1 i. ]6 y& q6 N6 V
44. Mock funerals" w$ ^) Q X3 h$ D
45. Demonstrative funerals
! h; t% r3 K1 p5 v 46. Homage at burial places% s+ A. W2 T/ B g
9 X$ i& D3 C% M. I a: B5 P4 |Public Assemblies& q! J/ K, h" Q. ?7 I) j
47. Assemblies of protest or support
( v- w# g) n8 j 48. Protest meetings+ D( V! k5 x7 {* e* b+ }- M. x
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# S2 p0 V8 z3 _ b7 }* L; y5 n
50. Teach-ins J* ?8 W" F$ h
8 N3 t1 u. t6 U1 Y1 K
Withdrawal and Renunciation
/ `6 y( J8 r. B 51. Walk-outs
1 y# u/ X" T1 H* T) a/ J 52. Silence. X& F- o6 T0 P- E# g5 Q* m
53. Renouncing honors
% h1 \% ^% M) \$ C) _$ n- q9 J 54. Turning one’s back
- \; u8 ^/ @9 L0 p" _' Q3 g9 x
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J6 Z5 _% f, V( { [5 ]THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 e H+ Q! ]/ r
q* D. D$ @) q0 X; ?
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& s! ^' Q; @5 d/ g$ `Ostracism of Persons
& S/ p) f' T( j5 c4 o$ [! V3 _ 55. Social boycott
0 y+ T) d. t N# F3 r' H 56. Selective social boycott: h. |9 d* n& V- m; T; g
57. Lysistratic nonaction+ J" }& S: k& o2 @9 S' n
58. Excommunication
; ?4 D, i. t/ O- P+ X 59. Interdict5 Q) ?+ M0 C9 }2 T7 x5 s) [
" n7 r! ?! Q3 n7 h
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* O. h* d. y0 }" F9 f! r 60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 p7 ~* ^* u% g- d6 |
61. Boycott of social affairs
7 W% d5 r2 t1 X" S% S" w! D [* N 62. Student strike
' a0 R) ?8 L4 @$ b5 S3 x; | N! J% S 63. Social disobedience9 U1 q @& I& H$ c( f
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
* P) K* V" i0 D9 k+ |% V: b; L9 ^" h" q( _
Withdrawal from the Social System
* i6 b& a8 ]/ J4 h: y 65. Stay-at-home
& h$ o Q# l% }; k3 }2 f 66. Total personal noncooperation1 B$ a. C3 r. Q# x
67. “Flight” of workers
: [' l* A, w% E4 ~ 68. Sanctuary* C" R2 k5 [: s, y; [3 Z
69. Collective disappearance
( v% H! J) I& h6 c! d# \) t 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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1 _ b6 d q M% m3 {& q" OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ E% F7 Q; o# p4 l( w
8 k d0 M: q3 s+ I- P : b, b- T' X- }6 k) ]) L6 `6 ^ @0 f& V
Actions by Consumers
( J, L* y; t+ f7 q4 Y) @: n 71. Consumers’ boycott
1 W( K& K* x! s3 O! W | 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ y, o. u8 p& a) z8 Y
73. Policy of austerity0 \& F$ s$ [. B
74. Rent withholding
; i; Q% d# P6 j' m' l: I 75. Refusal to rent
( O. r: x! J" X2 B. Q4 P" ~+ v8 D1 Z 76. National consumers’ boycott
- j" O3 }) m/ a" G8 X J6 R1 ~ 77. International consumers’ boycott
) C0 S5 \( V5 f R0 w, _
2 N/ C! Z5 J! p2 Z) \* s- hAction by Workers and Producers' Z$ j% C% K* Y* P# K& z
78. Workmen’s boycott
3 O" c. K R8 b4 m4 b7 s- c 79. Producers’ boycott& {( h. V, _/ y% _8 J
3 T' Y! u) L1 R2 X" H. }% H$ w' u- E
Action by Middlemen. D/ F( ^) l' `& h S, |/ @
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management& X, L1 I8 T; b# v
81. Traders’ boycott
( X9 v- ^8 V: `/ ?9 p: n 82. Refusal to let or sell property% ^# p Q# r3 _8 v' S
83. Lockout
4 x: b2 q! E' ~4 m 84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 v! Y0 C) N9 z& g
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 t# \: F; o; s n: ^' N7 X% E
, q8 _1 Q# s& D/ m$ Q3 v: X4 c; n4 fAction by Holders of Financial Resources
1 a8 m' o5 z) }; j9 K) v* w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 G2 `0 ~: o, p* p5 v; d8 ? 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
, o( j# e3 `7 Y& ~$ J' _5 \ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest8 h9 r" Y6 K6 U) O) x
89. Severance of funds and credit
4 k( v# N( Y7 `/ h( P* y1 T, @, Y 90. Revenue refusal( r3 v! [8 b" _4 \0 H Q! z
91. Refusal of a government’s money7 E |& v- F4 c- n) b5 O
$ C- x/ ?+ S4 \2 [
Action by Governments
# e( @: M+ j$ x$ p3 h9 Z 92. Domestic embargo
* E9 m D: R1 Q8 \* Y. M 93. Blacklisting of traders
2 C6 Z) {7 H$ b% }8 o: ~ 94. International sellers’ embargo- X2 _0 x/ c R6 ]0 [' @2 b& y8 L
95. International buyers’ embargo/ s7 }- C! e1 C p% X y
96. International trade embargo* s& @: c }( z& z% ^+ S
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" O: u- A8 I+ b7 f8 y/ r( kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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# b( G9 R( R: B5 x+ m9 U! hSymbolic Strikes
9 m, s! W1 v$ N7 b+ }6 K/ Z 97. Protest strike$ S* [. F' {5 m8 u
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 a! [/ p; {' L. h0 k" t. W4 O1 ~
Agricultural Strikes
X; x. x# A" O6 ^ 99. Peasant strike
Q1 @2 m# S+ u2 u: Q; k- O 100. Farm Workers’ strike, b( j- u8 I' v# Q- U+ |4 I
" J+ D0 S* ]1 c1 t WStrikes by Special Groups
2 _) Y, p" W% \ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
% o5 `0 k+ M5 x% f! x6 B 102. Prisoners’ strike, W/ n' M" h8 o" S8 u
103. Craft strike% X& B. t' o% X- n
104. Professional strike8 f+ P' c* l6 T# P' Y
. F3 \3 F1 B0 |5 S( X3 T, D* q9 mOrdinary Industrial Strikes
; N0 y7 n1 ^8 X- i& Y/ O 105. Establishment strike; Q; Y% `3 A, j# n6 k( b, p
106. Industry strike
7 t" N) k5 R6 G* N9 C; W& R4 { 107. Sympathetic strike$ G; e9 C2 G) E6 c
- A+ B5 I) [* E% C4 F) Q) q
Restricted Strikes
/ u- y* z _9 f6 L" O 108. Detailed strike; f# t6 e' W& \; E. \
109. Bumper strike) {- `; G! m" c% z. V& K
110. Slowdown strike" E* d; O9 w* c. [& R E
111. Working-to-rule strike" E& d9 I ^0 ]! Z% J, t
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 h- O! z3 l" p4 W 113. Strike by resignation1 N' G K5 t4 s7 G2 q( d
114. Limited strike
& f" T* Y" h" g ^8 X% J 115. Selective strike- B% a9 h0 s7 D! V- L9 [2 L
% P# o+ g- D% T; L; l
Multi-Industry Strikes
5 ]3 H- y. k8 i, Y
( [5 k2 f) K5 U- s! E f. f 116. Generalized strike" n! ]2 I8 a5 h" Q
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117. General strike$ C3 ~) \+ j @8 |9 h
2 u: \& w' ? ^# S* k6 l
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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) d! Y/ V7 w9 F8 ^ 118. Hartal
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6 L# K- y1 K) {$ b6 S. O$ \ 119. Economic shutdown9 |. o+ n$ p, D& [5 i" p
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. |& r6 ^/ Y6 n% \THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 m8 C$ A2 ?* k8 y$ n( w# Z2 z- L! o
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Rejection of Authority! {4 ?1 M w9 H7 K
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& P; h+ Y7 ?% F5 w# j 121. Refusal of public support
* a7 |4 e& A) X* j# k3 `% ]7 d 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( ] A( [$ W% \( d( c- ~% K; i8 B8 ?+ u
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ a }$ b# Z& Q9 I" ?# `6 E 123. Boycott of legislative bodies( d! l; ?6 K' D0 D/ u
124. Boycott of elections
4 S, S) [- r; W0 y 125. Boycott of government employment and positions& n* F6 y, Z& m+ @+ }+ A+ t1 K! k
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' p9 c. c+ Q0 L: c, ~7 ]+ m1 E b( Y
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' ^, ]& A T$ G' p' i. c 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
( _3 B% a) ~ [ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
8 T0 K9 s% y' Y* { 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
/ v$ o0 m' }$ e, y3 t2 z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials g }+ o2 F8 z7 @0 g
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
6 [+ ~6 c$ Q \0 |; j: c# Y5 g# U A: b
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. Q9 ~4 a; f8 i4 g5 I 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 f9 n) r. ` n Y3 d9 J$ ]) O 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. S6 A) H! ]: t& p* f- M" i 135. Popular nonobedience& }4 s8 o7 U! x8 J. C
136. Disguised disobedience
3 ^- L8 `2 x, `) h) r& o) x* I2 l" w, Z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ v% C, V/ b( M& x; s# H
138. Sitdown- Y" t, U! E8 Z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. n5 v9 p" ^* q! a- S0 W
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 [3 m; j0 E5 n6 |4 b; M: ^% c' Q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 }/ d7 v# r( z5 l6 j
/ s4 F5 G" A' _1 l7 l1 `
Action by Government Personnel
& r7 ?8 X! U+ [9 c: {! _( \ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 Z& \! O( k2 {
143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 e) X3 d) e2 Q0 |0 ?
144. Stalling and obstruction3 p: H" v8 h3 Y$ t+ g9 ~: x
145. General administrative noncooperation
& p i+ @1 r% _' J& }% D
! O( q" _8 B8 z6 u& m7 S2 _) C7 L4 Y+ x 146. Judicial noncooperation
; Q% t$ b w& Y/ c 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! P* Q* @9 j6 ?9 ~9 j# U+ G* t 148. Mutiny
9 ?8 a: ]' F+ v W! qDomestic Governmental Action/ A1 K7 }7 {% E
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# F$ L" A' `1 U& Q: {) n z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 U4 W6 L3 c1 g% C4 U# l+ e3 e# _% R7 H# i" Z/ m& |3 S: V
International Governmental Action
# U& A/ g6 Q* _# p 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
4 _/ P) {+ ?& G) q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 R& D7 V7 ?/ P2 z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 m+ K# V$ o+ s- I* g 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 R; V/ w* n4 T 155. Withdrawal from international organizations* C' a& B' p k- N9 @# n
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
$ i* q! U1 p" G$ y$ D- ] 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
1 Y8 d& h/ h& T# k ^ 158. Self-exposure to the elements# _9 M+ K: U6 ^
159. The fast# }0 w) |$ Z* ?
a) Fast of moral pressure
# {: D2 G& s- n/ x4 F& ]$ X b) Hunger strike
6 h) ?7 [- e( X9 i* ` c) Satyagrahic fast' Z1 s$ k2 ^6 L) T( h4 V! L
160. Reverse trial' t% h/ B" ~ k G# f0 }2 q
161. Nonviolent harassment& O) [' B9 L& U& p& [, e i# p1 x
% D) G4 E0 i6 d7 vPhysical Intervention
* i6 q3 U2 C) b/ ]+ x1 }! P. s9 C 162. Sit-in( E5 W1 ~, V9 [( e, z% h
163. Stand-in
/ W3 o$ d/ Q7 X, f; S( ] 164. Ride-in/ W7 k0 y4 z {6 {# z/ Z/ u
165. Wade-in$ |1 g% B7 M5 P7 U# P, x1 }. g a
166. Mill-in
8 V7 E: T, Y0 O( X; f3 v 167. Pray-in9 C* H0 {; s1 G3 J+ q# V0 k7 j
168. Nonviolent raids
7 P. B0 w5 Q+ w 169. Nonviolent air raids
- r$ {7 n* F- O3 X1 j C 170. Nonviolent invasion
3 b2 |, S2 z- N# N+ w. C 171. Nonviolent interjection7 @8 t4 C% s! S' s |
172. Nonviolent obstruction. g8 A# r( ?6 y
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention* r+ \1 }/ K3 O5 n: `
174. Establishing new social patterns
: n- r4 G& W. Y* D1 V) Z 175. Overloading of facilities
0 Q( @% E( P$ \ 176. Stall-in3 b9 ~5 g- F- W1 b% u
177. Speak-in
! O5 E$ Y$ v7 Y# Y4 _3 f 178. Guerrilla theater
$ U( C! S2 } S# l2 J, g 179. Alternative social institutions
8 T) J. M2 F+ }. @6 f 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention: e# f9 N7 q. U7 P y8 q0 l
181. Reverse strike
2 E: o6 ?* E3 [8 {3 T' Z 182. Stay-in strike
; D& t$ }' ~9 ]8 y7 j; C2 w 183. Nonviolent land seizure
# t) e7 K5 `3 G0 r6 b 184. Defiance of blockades
# c! o/ U: ]; `+ w* O: u 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 j3 L2 ?% `' j: o
186. Preclusive purchasing" X8 y8 d7 L2 q# b: T4 o) O Z
187. Seizure of assets
; T+ S% |( w" s5 b 188. Dumping
+ K3 ]; Z6 U Y) f 189. Selective patronage
; ]7 G1 K% ]7 k1 {# O" |- l+ \ 190. Alternative markets
1 K5 V6 l9 T9 h; a& h4 Q# |6 R 191. Alternative transportation systems3 _) e! o& v3 |% q
192. Alternative economic institutions1 _( }* b9 n* b
7 t, z2 b) C! g. _' g5 _
Political Intervention
, p/ V' {+ V5 T" t& M _ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
( T& i, f! I1 L 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents {$ {; [' J8 z; Z
195. Seeking imprisonment
6 b% c- W/ p P3 [) P 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
6 m- k/ O! G$ V 197. Work-on without collaboration$ T7 ~. P; ~: c/ u
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 ?( C: `$ v: D1 C) s5 {% {
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
