 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
0 m' E- \) U$ R; hFormal Statements
( D- N; Q4 [0 v 1. Public Speeches
! B0 H% @3 y0 l3 t 2. Letters of opposition or support$ B! A' a6 u% ^( ]! a: }" V
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* s) \# x# D1 ?& o/ `% E! Y$ _
4. Signed public statements
/ B3 j; o0 y3 V4 H3 n 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: h% `/ z) o/ Y7 n) s: \( C0 L7 b 6. Group or mass petitions- r: D+ a- {' p) d9 I8 Y) ^
1 N3 }0 s9 I2 s" I* @0 SCommunications with a Wider Audience% U' a+ }6 i* k$ |* w! l
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols g7 W4 V. P# D- Y& I8 G
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) \. P' H3 s% g; G( l3 v# K 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" {0 L( c8 j4 T" e 10. Newspapers and journals
$ B0 D6 I$ z* a, ?$ @' w 11. Records, radio, and television
2 M# z& R' c1 g+ ^( K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting, H" D6 J2 u4 U6 d& q1 R( I
, x9 B' {3 d8 u6 \! G$ X( oGroup Representations6 s* P% Y: B+ Y' r; y
13. Deputations
+ X2 m# f$ [" F; H8 ? 14. Mock awards) b& o6 }! P, ^9 A Z
15. Group lobbying$ z8 g/ h z! X- g
16. Picketing8 q4 }0 M# E) e# z
17. Mock elections) G- ?" O' D$ z3 A: T
3 S1 O4 ^4 \# f8 i# ? pSymbolic Public Acts
1 r8 z7 m* U' a$ F/ P+ C 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
M: M3 a" k7 ]# b _ 19. Wearing of symbols
& f5 S% N" D' k! a9 ? 20. Prayer and worship
9 X4 e, l& Z- g' a0 O 21. Delivering symbolic objects
* i# q' E9 h; Y 22. Protest disrobings5 |+ a+ ?7 A) M# u( J% ~ `4 ~$ Y
23. Destruction of own property
/ m: H& \4 W% Q0 C4 F R 24. Symbolic lights
, M3 c' k e! L1 C 25. Displays of portraits, T" }$ B; }" p5 I
26. Paint as protest7 w0 p! d2 W1 c' K3 ?' t- n( M/ @- J
27. New signs and names& l' [# K# z+ B0 P6 N" ~% v) x
28. Symbolic sounds" G& w5 T) I& n& S, x' c3 Y
29. Symbolic reclamations
, Y+ r& P! R& M+ N 30. Rude gestures( h- U* u+ w z! e6 t+ a4 p- h
3 }7 U8 `: f) L+ E/ v1 ]" G/ D* vPressures on Individuals2 ]: |% X9 t: s) a5 m5 P& x
31. “Haunting” officials
! h8 z: ^* r g/ E 32. Taunting officials# N9 U" Y1 x9 Z7 u
33. Fraternization" s/ o j' X* x$ X+ ?% K% i: U T) ?
34. Vigils
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7 G" k% ~' Y5 |/ y1 pDrama and Music
3 l6 F5 E7 m' O 35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 U/ C+ ]$ N) P8 U! A 36. Performances of plays and music
1 G/ ]- \4 ~. n" Z 37. Singing9 j! z8 p# Q, }0 e3 D4 A, x
! |6 m' g3 _6 Q; R) `3 q
Processions
1 b1 k) h. s; s" c3 _' B1 B, x. h 38. Marches! ]5 T8 _& u+ Q: }' M1 q
39. Parades
}% b3 ~6 h5 V- O" i 40. Religious processions
9 k3 L: }2 ~3 G& x T5 N 41. Pilgrimages J# U- [9 f& D7 U
42. Motorcades9 p+ A$ x5 g( e+ |( Y3 F2 ^( `: l
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Honoring the Dead
$ |4 Y C8 x5 G+ @3 d8 U5 M* y 43. Political mourning1 L' n! R6 r) U1 s/ l
44. Mock funerals) P- s8 U' ]! n
45. Demonstrative funerals
9 i& [+ Z0 G% ~( [5 f2 ]( z5 Q 46. Homage at burial places
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. {( i* i7 r# x( ]/ v8 V; ]Public Assemblies
) m& O, G# F7 v8 q& o 47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 ]# e5 ~3 a1 H0 O# O5 }4 m& b 48. Protest meetings( R& g% c. m# w
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 S/ P" y& q' v' K3 `7 ] 50. Teach-ins. c! f' w, G4 M. K: w" T2 o: c
0 N/ u4 V% f1 f9 K7 G3 LWithdrawal and Renunciation
# h6 B: k" g% K# W: K: o+ Y3 P 51. Walk-outs" t# Q5 Q& ?! R3 M$ `3 f/ j
52. Silence
) O- ^! w+ E( c7 a) A9 d 53. Renouncing honors: ~7 W1 W# `. |
54. Turning one’s back4 G0 g; Z! G9 ]) K$ x$ i
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" }4 d% O1 u0 r% ^# h/ H
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Ostracism of Persons+ g. a" N2 z0 \6 W
55. Social boycott
7 Y7 W, a0 e5 [4 s; l 56. Selective social boycott
1 L; L* B( N: s. j 57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 }, h$ f) ~# D N 58. Excommunication
' p9 t+ y; Z) _5 _ f" C( Q 59. Interdict
8 N1 G+ J) ?$ H- _
" U# ^5 L1 k' S. Y( A9 U6 D* {Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- y" C& T4 X9 m$ x% X 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 Z k C7 _- ? 61. Boycott of social affairs% N5 Y" ?6 F0 X; P4 g5 d. X0 L
62. Student strike
: R+ Z2 [4 y6 D1 S( d( p0 H 63. Social disobedience+ u. Z" M8 U* K! V( @ _/ Q2 o
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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. c; I% a0 Y( o8 @* vWithdrawal from the Social System0 Q. T& q, Q" y& V! Q; M* w4 D
65. Stay-at-home
1 a! F! _- z' ~6 s1 A2 W6 e$ l 66. Total personal noncooperation
: o, p; s) V$ o 67. “Flight” of workers5 | w9 O0 t, o, v) `
68. Sanctuary( \+ \9 t/ |* r8 K; ]
69. Collective disappearance. t9 h' Y) h3 j; r7 Y& {
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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8 Y1 ~/ Z4 d. vActions by Consumers
: S2 V# l& X& ?( N 71. Consumers’ boycott6 Z* n6 |, w# }: H- R
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ o" u. s( k. t( Y, `! `# w& h 73. Policy of austerity% d7 H' m8 I7 B7 M: V* }
74. Rent withholding
) z) b- S- G8 R! \; h 75. Refusal to rent
- A9 U. _0 h5 w: B 76. National consumers’ boycott8 Y% A0 W1 ]4 |1 g, p9 q
77. International consumers’ boycott8 w, T0 A, D8 R% Y
, G# p. S# D9 ZAction by Workers and Producers
9 Z0 c. h1 p+ I: B. ? 78. Workmen’s boycott; `% Q5 r. C* F0 J0 U N6 v
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen0 y4 X3 |& M i0 V
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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$ W( h5 c$ z" T. ?9 }8 q" FAction by Owners and Management
3 j' U q+ j" v8 ~3 V# m' A1 p/ v 81. Traders’ boycott
' y7 `9 O, T4 y3 M5 h/ E 82. Refusal to let or sell property( |4 E o% @, P& g4 D2 ]1 d: M
83. Lockout* u+ S( w; K% I; \( P- q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance @" H3 o4 M5 y- p
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources* M: { h. ]0 o+ l4 s& X1 {
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# z( A5 F0 ~+ d, h 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 V2 e2 Q9 K' C3 R) |+ g8 T 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 L) ~2 \( {5 ^( p, G& U9 C6 k3 H
89. Severance of funds and credit) d7 x$ M/ ]: |$ i
90. Revenue refusal% c0 Z5 D. e; p8 u* D' P
91. Refusal of a government’s money' }5 y# r' w9 a ~8 ]5 H
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Action by Governments
0 a$ G8 Q# q$ p' g$ ^ 92. Domestic embargo- K+ g/ ?4 H$ _* _
93. Blacklisting of traders
9 ]" S n9 M- K+ R8 n 94. International sellers’ embargo
8 j. `2 X' S$ c- j4 {* s 95. International buyers’ embargo
4 @1 ]4 O; |* J2 L% ^8 z8 s1 ? 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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6 H% \6 M) j$ T: nSymbolic Strikes6 t; f4 x6 Y( x! B3 d/ R
97. Protest strike
4 t( A8 \ a3 y6 n6 \' L9 z) H 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). N" x& i0 ~0 X# y% d+ C
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Agricultural Strikes' q: Z! h/ M: G3 S# z) y
99. Peasant strike
7 Y9 r+ e0 C/ h8 P( d3 i 100. Farm Workers’ strike! _+ w1 q4 l$ C
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Strikes by Special Groups
0 e! n, F0 f! D& w' n9 F 101. Refusal of impressed labor4 m9 B8 P8 m4 ]/ L" t
102. Prisoners’ strike
0 W1 b, B% G- U4 w- [. } 103. Craft strike+ L: \$ e. H X" n) q& M
104. Professional strike
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1 P/ X$ V2 r1 [7 ]5 {Ordinary Industrial Strikes. l: a7 Q/ b5 s
105. Establishment strike
6 G4 H6 J9 [, s9 r$ t 106. Industry strike! \* S" A& V. j0 I* H
107. Sympathetic strike
# H3 |* J: @: X, h7 M8 P/ y* Z' ] m) n+ Y3 a( d6 x! U
Restricted Strikes
1 y. s" N8 m G" }1 \5 J \ 108. Detailed strike
1 I# u( \7 a2 l1 u9 j; D! D" I 109. Bumper strike
: g1 l- [, p/ E4 X; v 110. Slowdown strike6 u6 \+ c( @; K3 p: Q" e- L
111. Working-to-rule strike& D* m' @( W7 d6 O: W( {
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& T) [, ?1 `2 o0 _- C 113. Strike by resignation
4 T! h8 k' d0 o) l* c( t1 g- N" R4 d 114. Limited strike2 u( N- o9 [8 Y+ c- L9 K
115. Selective strike0 P! N- q/ ]) Z' M2 w. n. p4 w
0 y2 G$ E( P1 [8 F& z
Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal: c. M. O5 K0 t/ J. v. A
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
. a: I9 ~9 i# {0 j% w" N 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. h7 V( ^. X6 o% P! R 121. Refusal of public support
5 x" N+ }! M! p. v& a" Z/ G! m3 A 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 S; P4 o3 X- ]1 O* {% C
/ K0 k1 Q- @$ L0 W8 iCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
3 Z- `( q0 `+ y$ C Y- J% x) f 123. Boycott of legislative bodies. z- S0 Q3 P. L- S+ F% q
124. Boycott of elections
% C! S" L" W9 c7 Y! d 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- v4 ` j% Q3 C- J6 f 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 q' t$ k5 W% P: Q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
/ ^; I) H: o Y( R$ E0 S- b" | 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. w9 h9 E: K5 }5 P$ o
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: }3 V2 N$ U7 T( E
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& P2 d8 V0 K$ v; F4 C 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- j$ J9 ^' x# A z1 \/ _ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; w7 X& U( Q4 Y$ N' \
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 M8 h i9 P* S
133. Reluctant and slow compliance. L; n' d( Q7 X& r9 o
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) D( i' Y \, j0 R- I 135. Popular nonobedience: ^ u+ ?; V; c$ h1 C% Q" k, }- O
136. Disguised disobedience
) t r$ X; b1 K3 e1 C 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 L5 y3 I. L+ c1 `% e' n, S$ P 138. Sitdown
: y1 z2 I4 Z% Y9 a) [/ O/ W 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& f" g" m/ L1 `) `$ u% e 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 ]4 y: p6 ?5 N6 v' v, q2 u
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; r, j$ q3 m& M+ G! d
. p6 m8 D# d \Action by Government Personnel1 k( p; e5 @& I; J* ~/ u
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( f. y1 `( I1 N l& I2 s 143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 O) c5 g6 H5 Z! d1 t) Z- ^- W
144. Stalling and obstruction
% [( n4 e0 f" n! W 145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation
4 u9 [3 q4 Q+ y( X( L7 M, a 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: V3 i( u4 {* d. H" o
148. Mutiny7 t) u) q ?! P. r' ~
Domestic Governmental Action+ c$ s& u: t, L2 A/ Z# ~/ B
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. U' F. W1 V9 H* h8 q% N( {
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action
0 s2 Z! G0 X) H7 S' G. C 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' M5 U! `+ i% P7 L8 U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" ^) Q( T; r# [, l6 u% L 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 H, K. y6 y7 Q7 v ~* Y- H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 l, p' T6 j. X* ?& {! | 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 n& m: E" @- c6 |8 ] 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! U; {& @( }& t 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention9 i; k* ]9 \% T. q+ |# m+ o
158. Self-exposure to the elements
, v5 R; Z6 Y; k" P 159. The fast
6 g, j3 X1 ?2 W( D) L f3 n6 a% D4 s& H/ H a) Fast of moral pressure: j0 Y9 x( t# m! U! l, p
b) Hunger strike! C3 {. Q- G* V3 H3 Y9 V. X( v
c) Satyagrahic fast
$ T7 } C- I# ^# u0 ` 160. Reverse trial
# ^! S+ N) n" k. ~, p 161. Nonviolent harassment
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3 F: }: B4 C# q. _5 U0 D. _: lPhysical Intervention2 H) }$ W% ^- g! W8 V4 c* D: c
162. Sit-in. N* y1 n4 G) z" m1 m! v
163. Stand-in0 W2 L1 o; k2 A3 t* m2 p
164. Ride-in3 l6 `3 Q1 V3 S2 n: n$ C3 g
165. Wade-in8 u. _7 m' K- }0 {9 [
166. Mill-in: e. d" b3 ^" ]& l7 k
167. Pray-in( X, t! Q6 D( A0 v; `( P- A& R
168. Nonviolent raids
4 g; s8 M3 g9 m 169. Nonviolent air raids! E: E/ m: v5 l& R6 `( U- G
170. Nonviolent invasion
& m2 V9 u$ N; e 171. Nonviolent interjection
( g% |7 S% g( D3 W/ u+ ^7 x- v; z 172. Nonviolent obstruction
' N/ y4 k( J0 x$ z+ f5 k7 K( i4 f 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
$ c# u8 x: c4 H 174. Establishing new social patterns* u# E; n1 p5 S: L8 Z" @2 Z1 t) \
175. Overloading of facilities
8 b. g. R$ B0 P& b, Z4 T 176. Stall-in! @% i4 P$ P: k6 m& ]3 ~/ e0 P1 L
177. Speak-in
. N- R! L. e+ V0 c- O- G: P 178. Guerrilla theater
7 T# j" F! v( Y/ @( G 179. Alternative social institutions% z. ]3 ~* ^, P0 `2 H+ T3 w
180. Alternative communication system
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5 j5 X, K- n3 c8 ZEconomic Intervention6 D3 @8 \% ?* l. C
181. Reverse strike% {/ A2 `: U. g1 w* z- y. v9 x
182. Stay-in strike; e2 j* y* {! m3 _0 p
183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 O. r1 g; n* U# A: V! v 184. Defiance of blockades) w0 |) Z) ?# T e
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 v1 i6 j1 L+ G
186. Preclusive purchasing
v- |6 K6 v$ V( E* F+ m8 t1 _- | 187. Seizure of assets; C4 t' h* U+ h2 l- I a
188. Dumping8 n8 ?' M& e; K* T- F* k$ q! ~4 ~1 y
189. Selective patronage
' i. T4 B* N" C( j 190. Alternative markets
! b7 ~+ t1 z1 e, w, {1 J7 ~- D 191. Alternative transportation systems
" h, I- v# T0 W1 Q; i( R 192. Alternative economic institutions
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( Q! u4 R/ e J( zPolitical Intervention
4 m# R/ A3 h" l& l 193. Overloading of administrative systems
. F7 a7 X2 k# ]# P0 ~ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- e' l0 l! v8 X1 P" l- R: ^ 195. Seeking imprisonment
4 S; P8 v$ m \( ?+ }. a 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 P* w5 G+ `# v1 P2 U- B6 P
197. Work-on without collaboration: K: k/ x: R( B _8 @
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
