 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 O1 V5 U R. H% X6 y) X/ oFormal Statements
. U# t4 r; L8 s 1. Public Speeches
0 u: K, \7 P( r9 {* l- v9 w9 [ 2. Letters of opposition or support
& |: {* y7 u0 x2 L 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 I N7 Q) v" h% w
4. Signed public statements
2 z3 o5 h4 }, B$ T8 H P6 p/ z( [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention* \4 l3 Q2 j7 i- H/ V
6. Group or mass petitions8 l6 L0 ^+ \' ]/ E9 ]3 l% t
6 f! @4 d! K+ D, m9 w
Communications with a Wider Audience3 P- j0 m4 e- {% I2 X, Z+ Q; ~
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols( u/ V3 s4 u8 b( V" K% a
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! C) [4 b" N7 d7 Z$ U* p s
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books: W' \8 }" _7 j) v: {6 r, T# f& z
10. Newspapers and journals) ~5 I- }' m$ V; i4 [
11. Records, radio, and television8 l5 h0 K% S8 k- K* F: {$ Q, J8 J ]
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# I8 b$ }0 R( B" |* i) n
, I. q! |& {! e2 ]7 B) R8 i5 xGroup Representations
2 G8 s; Y; m. K( _/ L1 H 13. Deputations' \! I- Q* _7 e0 x7 |, g ^' w+ j
14. Mock awards
8 i( o& y6 n2 a 15. Group lobbying. Z$ a# R6 E9 T" Q& Q7 ^
16. Picketing0 i* u: h8 D* W7 w4 i" C' V% Y( ~
17. Mock elections
4 o% f- d8 a8 t0 L6 R6 X) M5 l
( Q, D, }+ f$ { M6 o+ e3 X% rSymbolic Public Acts, z% O: m$ q5 h
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: c) q( m$ O- A* ~# K' a4 \2 n
19. Wearing of symbols
6 |# K, J$ E; w1 u$ M; b" ~$ [ 20. Prayer and worship ?" E/ G: b8 G; c, B2 o. a/ s# D0 C
21. Delivering symbolic objects
[+ m$ U$ U# v$ l) y" Q 22. Protest disrobings4 B. E! t, J W. s f8 E
23. Destruction of own property
: B5 r2 E( S' W! A. t0 L6 ~4 s& N 24. Symbolic lights
( x2 t" a! M5 U2 C- J! q" y% P 25. Displays of portraits
+ ~/ P9 a1 D" p1 d& E 26. Paint as protest
* O3 q0 p" y' W% X5 Z0 U 27. New signs and names S8 M4 q8 ]* G) X4 T, J! j7 F
28. Symbolic sounds7 h% J m- r6 H& o/ b+ ^5 k
29. Symbolic reclamations) I5 n: Z% V7 b9 J
30. Rude gestures& o$ p" C( T L1 g1 [
( R( _2 A" L$ u: K/ D" H$ f: A% u" f8 KPressures on Individuals$ K- {: R$ }' W f* r/ y1 R
31. “Haunting” officials2 ^; [+ |0 l1 G
32. Taunting officials# M, K. G8 A% W5 @
33. Fraternization
6 G# _1 ? [7 B. W# A) z 34. Vigils; a; ?7 k4 s& T/ P" c8 l# l3 i @
9 o3 s8 }$ i+ I# q- Q1 Z( W+ m
Drama and Music- I, e, A/ K* L) ?; x8 I, h
35. Humorous skits and pranks
: M4 X3 ]) E& u. d! x7 x$ @1 u! B 36. Performances of plays and music% q9 v( h$ d: s
37. Singing
$ z' X9 t0 \3 M/ K9 _5 [3 |) d' H8 o1 Z: _/ Z# V% q- H
Processions
/ ]* \& l2 ^+ \' u( T6 o 38. Marches
7 `' ?+ {: y. |- x: N 39. Parades# B1 e& E+ D& Q1 d
40. Religious processions1 x2 F& s0 b6 v8 ?+ j; F6 r
41. Pilgrimages1 y0 R1 m" e) k' F
42. Motorcades
# j5 f! }5 w: j; Y# [ b' O/ {4 {% i( p; X. m( `* u
Honoring the Dead$ q; A! D2 ^6 E$ r" V: w% Y' S
43. Political mourning
: E7 I' g5 r3 M' F1 u 44. Mock funerals
5 m& I! A5 M6 d9 `& T% G6 \ 45. Demonstrative funerals
4 U- q! o6 P0 \: g s$ u! n5 Y 46. Homage at burial places2 h$ e9 X: O; B
+ B1 {9 h7 M7 P: a, G4 ^8 u# z5 [
Public Assemblies
7 ~; I7 ~" u# d/ i3 ^ 47. Assemblies of protest or support/ r: N( j! H1 g6 I
48. Protest meetings
, g) P2 t* F2 W% P2 |, e/ s# o* `- J 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! ~7 r- a! T" }( @3 ]% U
50. Teach-ins) @: [ j/ B- d! O. g( w- c# D, J7 ^
" e" q* K9 s* Z; W$ y
Withdrawal and Renunciation
% }, |& c: A$ h. ~6 S: J. b 51. Walk-outs
, P$ e5 r/ h: T, }' i 52. Silence
. Z1 Y" f' c. [5 f; N 53. Renouncing honors
( Q7 F- J0 D! c& G# _ 54. Turning one’s back: A( i6 v) _8 ], v9 v# ]6 [3 \9 p7 \
/ T+ m* G6 \/ I$ i' B/ } 2 ^9 h& I9 }3 h. F/ E' A
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" b1 d6 ?3 h7 ?; O, J/ ?
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8 i8 ?- i, O; @% W1 e5 u9 o A" D; w8 ?2 I+ z e# |
Ostracism of Persons
# s" G' J$ s8 l/ x& n' ? 55. Social boycott9 ^$ \% I ?! }- C$ T
56. Selective social boycott
6 Y! w+ T/ ^. w# ?+ |: b" j 57. Lysistratic nonaction
& ^0 W+ H* t7 K7 U. n9 o8 h 58. Excommunication
4 }: E/ }6 W! A 59. Interdict
4 T$ z' g$ V. n @' F5 O9 |' r, w# m8 w2 D
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 m7 L, Q& p# o
60. Suspension of social and sports activities) d+ c! [( M( A+ P' E
61. Boycott of social affairs0 t* k( @( |5 V5 @
62. Student strike
& [) j" a9 k5 }/ b, ` 63. Social disobedience
0 e h7 K3 ]- J 64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ S ~0 ^) H6 O0 @6 _* }
- k# |0 `5 u* N* Z
Withdrawal from the Social System7 k! u4 `0 Q( x5 d- k9 o: J
65. Stay-at-home
{; Z& ^# @2 a( f% f8 J( N 66. Total personal noncooperation& K" b- Q! {) x8 F+ ~7 w/ X
67. “Flight” of workers: N, K3 H4 \% _( v6 G1 a0 j$ c+ |
68. Sanctuary
; h3 ^( u p/ E3 C# F5 G' B 69. Collective disappearance. ^; H8 g9 T+ T9 m
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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3 f& p" o# n+ T* |6 Z% B3 n" s: Y& n F2 n7 |& h- u
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
8 g( y6 H7 b r7 Z5 q, z$ J' V- c) s" b. ]$ G) w1 e, @
6 x/ y- U9 n7 R+ _+ j2 v5 y' }Actions by Consumers
" l) \% }7 h4 I# r3 \0 E; m- Q 71. Consumers’ boycott
% e0 a: ~4 B- @0 c: O 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! l# E% Z2 R+ v8 Y 73. Policy of austerity
7 v! d. ~( q R$ l, ^ 74. Rent withholding
4 U# g- |2 U' [, r6 h4 I 75. Refusal to rent
5 K9 b( W( U: I& d- b' s* P9 Z. f# R 76. National consumers’ boycott
9 S& `/ c4 l7 \8 a% G& v 77. International consumers’ boycott; ~" m S6 j. p+ D0 Q
+ x4 c( c! H1 Q9 [9 c4 w1 c
Action by Workers and Producers7 Q' R! b. ~% L2 y" `
78. Workmen’s boycott3 _! C2 o- G: ~8 e
79. Producers’ boycott( B0 a" S- M" A& N. |0 a/ c
! H5 K* o3 T& M* O1 TAction by Middlemen6 i7 R3 {: T+ a7 Z8 S" ^" b* `
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
% L) ?, r/ Z9 Z) h7 W* | 81. Traders’ boycott2 h: f; U7 h4 |! M$ f$ k+ B: m; p
82. Refusal to let or sell property# h0 J' p/ `! w' M b- ^
83. Lockout
5 U/ B2 x* z9 _! j, o, y8 z/ N( q 84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ w- m3 i( K9 u ^! y* B" T
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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& L; S( }* ~# WAction by Holders of Financial Resources$ L2 W1 v' s( ^ M
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& r; w/ h; E" Y8 y. ]* s
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ |" `, x* J- @( K5 g( f1 `+ A: w7 ` 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! e+ r: K7 @# B# a
89. Severance of funds and credit
" H* y8 L1 s1 d; m- Q' K 90. Revenue refusal- _ Q5 X4 g6 ]5 W) [3 @* w
91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 v7 V5 r! O; m3 F+ U, _- G1 [/ }7 O
Action by Governments
6 T7 B' y; D9 t 92. Domestic embargo
) l6 w4 F9 V" y8 ]# F8 e4 U- Y7 [ Q3 K 93. Blacklisting of traders+ k+ Z" G& R" M9 i5 B5 o
94. International sellers’ embargo
5 ?# ~$ C6 X& S, R. y0 { 95. International buyers’ embargo2 |: e w- h% Y. P
96. International trade embargo+ }8 ~/ O: n; J; C' M5 e* t; K
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: h% j- a, d# _5 I. e/ q5 OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% |# W( J. @/ D, X6 t% k
$ z s/ C9 _+ B. A* M5 M( ~ 2 A$ e; q+ U! a! w: |' Y
Symbolic Strikes+ \5 M! g3 ~5 a- E! P0 t
97. Protest strike
7 a8 ]- v+ U+ s z 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! n' \) C+ ~, D
. e/ u) ]( W0 J% _: v
Agricultural Strikes; h3 M, H+ y, g$ P2 {
99. Peasant strike9 d* A$ T, f: k- K$ L0 b
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ g5 I/ j2 a5 y- k1 H$ \
3 \ o6 e# z8 f3 {0 jStrikes by Special Groups
$ u: |4 ?4 W8 A% d. `* z 101. Refusal of impressed labor" J( I* G3 ~+ _, S7 M$ S
102. Prisoners’ strike
. \7 [5 K% w% e 103. Craft strike0 r4 ]- o# [: b+ K2 j- \
104. Professional strike
; q5 g, V7 O3 K ]
- B+ ]6 R7 u$ F* E. v" P4 v) z; ?' ]Ordinary Industrial Strikes
C/ z1 z6 a p/ y( n3 | 105. Establishment strike
, p5 u* m/ T0 _! P) H 106. Industry strike! D& _. z% M" U- D. o
107. Sympathetic strike* U2 }. a* P' z2 A: J
/ N9 K, C4 z7 IRestricted Strikes
+ m8 b2 Y& j9 Q- C" q2 M 108. Detailed strike
# U9 S; U p9 r 109. Bumper strike
! K S6 H' E! t; w" P* ~ 110. Slowdown strike
$ a0 d; Z* a! i- l! Y3 [" l' R9 \. T 111. Working-to-rule strike
. u5 f2 p4 h' M9 V0 ]/ l9 o 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% H: k4 p; S5 B
113. Strike by resignation
# {& n, x& b% a+ M 114. Limited strike
+ m+ e, L/ I3 M8 u) a% {$ h 115. Selective strike
; D @; j0 I2 _5 R; e* i( R% p" U% {$ t `
Multi-Industry Strikes# c' x4 W/ i' w
' n+ a) i e9 s+ V2 X+ Y
116. Generalized strike8 I3 T, b( w2 H
3 w w0 \7 P4 l. _7 {* ]
117. General strike
/ ?7 p- y0 ?4 h* @' o$ \# v1 @0 o0 ]4 Q% S: C( Y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
3 d! K/ f# [- ?
; B5 O6 d p" }/ W1 A 118. Hartal, f" [( o0 E/ ~4 u! w
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119. Economic shutdown2 M% M2 m. e2 `$ h
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1 s7 V7 V& B, Y* OTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, W% G( M. r1 q# H" V5 w9 S
9 c8 ?; q4 C: s, g% j
/ {' J; @- ^& cRejection of Authority
& ~: S3 h9 ~0 l! } 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 M: i/ U: d* c( R4 t6 T5 y" G! { 121. Refusal of public support; r2 a3 b' o' C5 _6 y9 z8 ]: j+ x
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 t. X! e: G: l0 ^1 w3 Z: S+ P( e8 z n3 Z9 ^5 V* q7 R/ b) L# T, D/ C1 \
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ e8 Q- S& _ D* f$ L2 I2 r- d
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; W3 \% ^. L0 v" n6 h% ` 124. Boycott of elections8 h3 @3 i. o! G
125. Boycott of government employment and positions) d f( H* I ]7 x' Y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ W' k5 h# K; E
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, L" W5 t, ^1 f1 v( R
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ N- K/ F- k2 }# q5 V5 C; g, C
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ L7 n; ^& s4 x( l/ j: y) @' d8 ]) s
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 Q) r. K3 f0 Y7 D4 i( A4 L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( i" v4 l6 E+ t6 V 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. g) U3 d3 G1 m- D3 k' U
) W) k. G# @3 K: U3 wCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% A+ b; p8 @* X; J- r 133. Reluctant and slow compliance- I' H' ?/ O! P
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision6 F) l. x9 o3 s/ Y- N/ K
135. Popular nonobedience
; q# D z6 M* G! k+ a/ e8 ` 136. Disguised disobedience
* i; v2 Y# @# ?4 s+ O$ E2 o 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 L2 f7 E, x% P% p& W/ V 138. Sitdown i- d, i. A; w# ], x
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- d# F! s/ P5 i2 r0 o3 }% @2 F x2 U
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% M: v7 X4 \+ |# f
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 L" |, i& v6 f7 ^
$ O# r. \3 h* Z* n
Action by Government Personnel( c$ p6 ], [5 B: D# C9 L6 f$ A
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
) ] D k2 _5 w1 W5 l- V3 e. O7 ~3 _- } 143. Blocking of lines of command and information/ T. _2 a# a' y1 ]" `$ {
144. Stalling and obstruction9 a' S; a3 |1 k! A& I
145. General administrative noncooperation9 E O x4 L+ z& g( ~7 `
" ~2 _3 m% t( ~) E' X) v
146. Judicial noncooperation: O3 S0 p0 M1 x
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 K0 t/ C8 l' U 148. Mutiny
# L* U+ m" X! m2 m3 bDomestic Governmental Action1 I9 W6 q2 {1 k: k7 ]+ \+ U2 R$ y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; W7 c3 v2 b5 M5 p) R+ c 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
1 d1 K2 _! P# G/ ]8 c$ f; ]' s& h0 @! W6 T8 ^) A9 v
International Governmental Action
& `( ~. g8 [+ X% J {8 K 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 X B# Y, s9 [% r 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( [0 d8 C+ F! p4 h 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: Z: Z8 M! [' [& d! p O: x; W
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 x; j; o' ]( p" O( R$ }9 W 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* ~$ }# S) L+ X 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* l8 p. q$ }! s6 x 157. Expulsion from international organizations* z! R3 R' C' w& G# }( c! s
/ R1 Q+ Y9 ^; K$ \8 V% t8 S
8 L W3 |! u: i6 n9 x! z, \9 ^
' \: }% q! D j. @THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
' i: [3 B% Y( f( m% {" M' d5 z" w4 o. F- T5 g" n& O2 M3 c, n
# L. t9 `! Y6 X+ g$ W" {Psychological Intervention$ ?! k' a- i1 f1 t0 i4 b2 }
158. Self-exposure to the elements
3 S; a3 j. L# ?1 g0 i1 W" m2 ~/ m 159. The fast5 @( d, Z- Z# a' A& a
a) Fast of moral pressure
/ f! M, y% a/ H/ _ b) Hunger strike: l) O* t0 |3 F+ u. V1 J
c) Satyagrahic fast% Z6 W" k. x) B* E0 I; Y/ Z+ B
160. Reverse trial
) ^8 O |/ X3 d: @0 k 161. Nonviolent harassment
$ p; d" p8 Q: P, I9 v
5 Q% L% z) F! f& K/ ~; ?Physical Intervention% M2 V" V; W0 b
162. Sit-in
. ~( g2 i: l. a+ E6 d& f& T( ? 163. Stand-in
4 e9 R2 C, J/ K" X4 ]- ? 164. Ride-in
* m9 B2 M; f7 ]; y0 | 165. Wade-in
g7 k; w, I6 F5 r4 H0 o9 u 166. Mill-in
/ y8 B9 S; x& x/ x/ h& Q, W u 167. Pray-in
0 A4 r$ W9 p* i( E& }" L/ u 168. Nonviolent raids
2 _* h! ] K; M L1 X 169. Nonviolent air raids
. x+ W& H2 ~) h& Z 170. Nonviolent invasion
* s8 f( I0 u$ R; `* C3 c9 I [ 171. Nonviolent interjection" m+ g% S0 O8 v, u0 ?3 w
172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 b$ z$ M) W. S5 o/ ?8 Z& Y" ? 173. Nonviolent occupation8 T) D2 P9 b% d4 l$ T& P! ]" A6 Y: d
" J4 t3 _2 j4 i+ W# oSocial Intervention- ~2 _' T" @" V( }$ L, z8 u
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 S- i' j9 S6 k/ [2 m 175. Overloading of facilities
) C. ~) o. _; N! o, A% r' ?; n( C( m 176. Stall-in
8 X& ^4 l( q$ p$ g" b. C 177. Speak-in
/ f0 C! R( j R, U 178. Guerrilla theater
) R& h4 K/ _) R' Y 179. Alternative social institutions
! c& [( b( E3 b6 |- q 180. Alternative communication system
9 B. }% z8 H0 A* A( {3 e
5 I- l# E# {- H$ ?Economic Intervention
0 B' `+ b+ m* Q7 o, |# d* a 181. Reverse strike
3 H5 m3 r$ i: E+ ^+ i. Z$ d7 v 182. Stay-in strike
1 E# c% J7 `1 a8 h 183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 T' o8 C% q' {: h% Y 184. Defiance of blockades
) w+ ]4 w6 T6 U7 X) x 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) U6 U% P2 @( F5 a5 W' C% U 186. Preclusive purchasing7 w z5 W% [. {) _# f; J+ G' k- {
187. Seizure of assets
* K+ W) v) D) F6 ^6 T 188. Dumping; H4 k4 y( p: N" S9 M
189. Selective patronage
+ o% q1 O9 B$ } {+ r: H' i 190. Alternative markets
/ a, j A4 j( i& L& I 191. Alternative transportation systems' q, K& I) b$ H( m% N& |2 @) y' N( g
192. Alternative economic institutions2 k0 |, p* V1 }8 U
, w5 i+ R' R" a$ E nPolitical Intervention- M4 i- w, E" D( ]7 Q
193. Overloading of administrative systems
: Y* O( V$ R( _- s6 q2 k; \, Y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents p- v8 ]. ?% d% F; Z
195. Seeking imprisonment
3 {% q! F; l/ F. s, A 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. X' A$ a1 u, D
197. Work-on without collaboration& e X. V' n% t# l
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
