 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' {, M& r1 a/ y) @' L$ j
Formal Statements9 w5 ~2 j( o: e% I8 a) Q% o
1. Public Speeches
7 H. Q; M) S" T* g& C: e 2. Letters of opposition or support; [) a5 w9 W( q9 W; Q7 _$ s9 L
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 o8 ^* T. f. _: w2 g% Z
4. Signed public statements' Q6 H% o# O7 f! j6 H
5. Declarations of indictment and intention) m+ t9 N3 y, A$ U; ~- G* Q* p9 L. V+ D0 k
6. Group or mass petitions' p6 e, I Q ~/ w* }: G7 G( t
% `: M# Y, l5 q1 ?! L' VCommunications with a Wider Audience
0 U; s$ }2 z' z5 ~ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 R$ D1 {7 H% P: t, s8 h 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 u2 f. S# |5 N; v 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 g$ ? u" J2 U" C- G: I 10. Newspapers and journals; j( K7 e* l7 J5 J$ P( B
11. Records, radio, and television
2 q% e( P: K+ S2 X. j+ p' M# S% y& R 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& T# V0 U6 B5 B6 X" f% g& y+ R
3 |1 b3 o8 J9 \' G& eGroup Representations
1 [) }7 A# s# o# L 13. Deputations% {( U5 J- n, S# a' W% R: W; q
14. Mock awards
0 x% A% m- n5 N 15. Group lobbying" t5 ~+ H$ ~- L7 ?+ _+ I4 P, W
16. Picketing
9 L& C: D5 N0 O) ~3 Y1 O; N 17. Mock elections
; b7 \" j" B) I" F; Y" ?6 Z7 x! ^! `5 _" ?5 J
Symbolic Public Acts- D7 b, M* v1 e) V. H9 G0 y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ C- W# N; {6 X 19. Wearing of symbols
! W$ ~* x* `- r 20. Prayer and worship% n" t. W& @+ [4 S. z H
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 @/ ]7 Y6 r( S( l2 X- e1 E 22. Protest disrobings
$ J! N4 y7 s/ v1 T 23. Destruction of own property
2 u) n0 B( Y/ b5 Q- p 24. Symbolic lights
# Y/ Z5 f: z1 j, U1 `) ^ 25. Displays of portraits4 [* |* n% |+ T" u. j" v8 \3 G
26. Paint as protest0 V8 x* ~ }; m- L( y$ P
27. New signs and names
7 z- R, [2 f6 p3 j3 ]2 F7 | 28. Symbolic sounds8 r# L$ s$ @! D
29. Symbolic reclamations
' V! T9 c6 M9 J m# h 30. Rude gestures
# \% U9 g9 q& s9 M3 D- r. X1 V/ a. I. i1 [
Pressures on Individuals
w8 R6 h4 f/ N" y 31. “Haunting” officials9 R1 x7 s, W5 m3 d |! R
32. Taunting officials
" k; X* P4 g( G4 ^) `* {9 Z 33. Fraternization& L! H: y5 {( ], c& N! `8 n5 V- n* l
34. Vigils$ z- A' F1 q3 `) |( L) R1 s
$ X: f$ v. i6 K! h( I4 P+ e
Drama and Music
: x$ `3 v5 f6 I" v 35. Humorous skits and pranks# Z! b, o0 @: u; c. H4 D
36. Performances of plays and music- K6 |# c' j1 p5 l8 {. @
37. Singing, k% k0 a' |6 f' \
0 {9 I' C: B6 m2 R
Processions* i! q+ ?9 Q3 G3 t8 T& f
38. Marches
# k! _1 b# T0 w3 ]3 e$ z1 @4 o1 _ 39. Parades* I5 w9 b0 `$ `2 ~
40. Religious processions
/ r" ~8 P# b( g2 X2 D8 z( }: u% o 41. Pilgrimages/ B+ L! `; i8 e( o6 k% ^
42. Motorcades8 J: M' @! D8 a3 L3 T$ w- H
: f) s; `$ c4 _3 zHonoring the Dead3 g" @( ~- X8 H6 z8 i9 s& z
43. Political mourning0 H6 i, T1 S8 B4 l9 H8 l
44. Mock funerals3 P+ l6 G0 h; J8 `9 D8 s+ K
45. Demonstrative funerals
' V, ^! t/ L. P. U0 C- X0 U7 N 46. Homage at burial places1 |. `& A. @7 w$ t
0 O& u8 D5 Y2 p! K/ t- APublic Assemblies* w6 X; }; n2 }0 z6 A
47. Assemblies of protest or support
- E% C, a: X& i. v Q: u. j: O 48. Protest meetings
. `9 W/ c; Z% l+ [ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* H& p* `( c6 |+ [4 k
50. Teach-ins; W8 Z9 o# m, d( L! D$ Q9 K9 x
) w Q! W- B/ R# S
Withdrawal and Renunciation: R+ r/ R" Z7 a3 t& g) y/ c
51. Walk-outs; _ V# P3 y; X$ P
52. Silence
5 g; I; C0 ?4 P) G6 h4 Z! X 53. Renouncing honors
4 N- K/ z) F4 W' Q3 M! e! ~ 54. Turning one’s back- y: q0 R9 u% X& u1 |( r
3 X$ K) X) w; S6 `) h& {+ U8 U
, c2 X6 P; A) H) ~0 i7 U; z f y, A9 w* f4 L/ p1 _7 t! N
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
. U8 [" h- _" }% x: [( L5 q) t
7 E) n: w( c/ W3 X2 g1 N6 v ; n( F+ h6 X6 l) m& b7 e0 B
# W+ i( [5 W# d; n* M4 GOstracism of Persons
! s" Y' { @& `; E% ]: C0 s$ g1 O' b' N 55. Social boycott
& b; M1 C) ~" e! [ 56. Selective social boycott9 f8 c0 y. {6 Z( ]
57. Lysistratic nonaction
: S/ w! Y# \2 I: K 58. Excommunication
4 J+ Z* _3 i, |1 b1 T0 ~ 59. Interdict
6 D6 {5 A9 i4 q+ R+ K; j3 R, U
& H5 W% ]6 y6 D& [. L; }Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& ]' @' R" l9 K- r3 m 60. Suspension of social and sports activities2 ?* k5 d( A7 R, C2 l! G6 Q* C
61. Boycott of social affairs; C4 j. G) J9 `- ~/ x
62. Student strike8 K" r) D" V1 p
63. Social disobedience4 }( \: M0 h1 N
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# D3 z& }1 k2 ]' O; a& ~" r" h P# I) P7 A8 H2 F# N- h1 a7 N
Withdrawal from the Social System
& H1 s, S6 b$ Q% }% J6 s 65. Stay-at-home
: k0 B; k1 i" @. C4 T5 @ 66. Total personal noncooperation6 g2 |8 d, F; J2 G7 q& Y: V# G+ P9 B
67. “Flight” of workers
, S: d0 t+ ^4 F) J 68. Sanctuary9 N& k" S7 j# L+ {
69. Collective disappearance
, X9 s7 Y6 e+ ]2 a+ [; g& \ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
m" S" G$ a# U4 b( i2 ?6 h5 t' U) V6 \! X4 s; a$ p
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* U$ A8 V( @+ b8 a5 D" DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS* |, |# Q9 e! }: `: w8 y7 }
9 w1 X- X& c( s- `9 Q9 Z4 b 7 ^+ S# V* J% }' Q( T
Actions by Consumers+ g& c6 x) `- X$ _; B- w& [
71. Consumers’ boycott
0 L! y& M. J, t8 v! e+ A- t. M 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' f0 ^$ E- U7 i+ {* u( J# V" h3 M
73. Policy of austerity# v/ M1 ]) t( y" Y
74. Rent withholding
: @1 o8 i+ |* A4 m7 t. I% k% { 75. Refusal to rent
& ^( ]3 O8 X* k( n6 u# w" d; n 76. National consumers’ boycott" d& l6 x/ s, y/ G7 @: P0 f
77. International consumers’ boycott/ |$ s* K. J4 l# E' b: L
9 L6 q7 U9 N \6 aAction by Workers and Producers7 y% |5 g& f! d+ v7 l
78. Workmen’s boycott% ?- M% |" k6 i0 S* e1 S* a
79. Producers’ boycott& Z4 o! g8 p% O6 e# l/ ~1 s6 d
) U: N) W8 g* t* b0 m- Z" l
Action by Middlemen
- B% V4 s9 q5 p9 u 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 C" I5 G1 v0 |" j6 F" U% J! l7 _. w3 B* k& s6 e* ?; ? P8 L
Action by Owners and Management
( d% _& _3 q9 w! I& b3 e5 r 81. Traders’ boycott$ ? O: ?& ^, h8 a$ t2 x0 y
82. Refusal to let or sell property. {6 t2 a, G) Z
83. Lockout
j# u& b5 k8 ] W/ T* O% p6 T7 c 84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 x% }! l5 L- T
85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ B4 V2 ]: C. P
" ]9 c' S4 l& q6 M: [1 O9 O
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
% B" Q5 R% i& Q' Z) Y* a 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 H! f" O3 i' h1 N8 V: k7 K 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 y. _0 s$ b% `8 ?
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ P7 }3 i, u, K$ f7 G+ F" a' d
89. Severance of funds and credit1 e$ X0 m% C$ _. p
90. Revenue refusal
/ x) d [+ m; @7 Y0 ~! ^' K& p+ U 91. Refusal of a government’s money: ?( f7 }3 S; ?! w: N. P. n2 _4 _
/ c) D/ J( j6 P r5 c# HAction by Governments
- h3 l+ _( N. t2 D5 s7 B$ o* g 92. Domestic embargo
7 q: q% ~9 a! s( T& a G 93. Blacklisting of traders
( Q5 I% n! u* b+ B/ B m 94. International sellers’ embargo/ q3 v" N! s" N8 z
95. International buyers’ embargo( ^' w) y& S- Z f
96. International trade embargo% \6 t" K3 D5 ^
Y i$ r: s( U" O- R: G
# N: \9 F1 P2 W. a& X6 f
1 A$ M- W3 s, eTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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- j! W2 e5 T; ?5 f) T0 _& d( ^* X, H4 ]
4 L) e7 b9 {2 p) M7 u1 x% ySymbolic Strikes
* l: ^- D1 Y$ D6 Z5 E 97. Protest strike3 f) n) ]" \0 _% l
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ s; O4 ~5 H8 M0 z$ G) A P5 H% V- ?4 [1 A4 t5 H% ?5 {. M
Agricultural Strikes# @1 ]+ S9 [, Q( M# L
99. Peasant strike
$ m9 P& ?' V. ~4 g) ?/ _* C! h$ f 100. Farm Workers’ strike% I/ ^+ H% z* j& \$ ]9 W% C% N
2 F4 K6 B! a: E6 `
Strikes by Special Groups% p t- g& Q3 y& `4 C
101. Refusal of impressed labor
( w4 S1 R/ K9 z* Z4 c! n( M$ W" i 102. Prisoners’ strike
5 d9 D4 ?( s0 {; h8 q0 y0 j 103. Craft strike
# D% s" }* ?# F( L/ z$ T4 X 104. Professional strike: s% L; K8 X( v3 ?! V0 I
6 A" [: u7 ?: l/ E# l
Ordinary Industrial Strikes u; |% J# O; Q0 z0 w
105. Establishment strike8 L" i* }: k( ^$ s2 @
106. Industry strike
" _" @3 c4 d# I# d8 [ 107. Sympathetic strike4 i6 `- Z+ `# {5 ]1 }
* W* z1 t; l1 n& L& q4 S# D3 |
Restricted Strikes
, H) R4 U: G6 M- I4 @ 108. Detailed strike4 d0 i/ ?; D& t* S
109. Bumper strike% `6 C$ a( t; o
110. Slowdown strike1 y8 ?: Y6 }% S' E
111. Working-to-rule strike
4 L7 d. H. X% w. t2 M) C! Y( N 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): w0 b( t' h; o) ~5 }$ V
113. Strike by resignation/ G7 b2 F; W* ~. a% j# Q3 D
114. Limited strike
, i, J- w& u# o. S: | 115. Selective strike
# Z& i0 F$ h% V0 ~+ H4 z9 e6 U1 Y: p* I; s( M$ X5 [% G I4 p
Multi-Industry Strikes* b, b0 B B6 @- F6 Z2 X2 [ ~& Z
6 o& P- s; E7 a4 L
116. Generalized strike
0 I7 s# X* U0 z
+ _8 _) H' Z! o 117. General strike
% c% l* |- R9 R6 U
) m: H6 a& u5 L4 G+ ]+ mCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% W" S k! m' p6 e$ |% ~8 c
0 m7 W- Y* M+ g! r" {5 {* H2 q 118. Hartal# H% _( W' i, e( v9 |' r5 K
5 g1 s; I/ j# d) f, q# M 119. Economic shutdown
6 j" r' L; V6 H! v
+ E1 X# G- g, y. Y
- \) Z) R( ]. M: K9 F6 ~$ @8 d4 Z* ?9 |: s( a+ R$ z, Q
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
0 D) V; v! F! }4 l# R
f8 s$ {; I' I& G* G , t* j# L) L8 i) U E2 G. E
Rejection of Authority2 X/ u' _, Z" C
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 b* j! o* T* x y5 E7 [
121. Refusal of public support
7 b5 o$ F! B. v& a0 U, k+ _3 U; l 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 S/ _9 Q* |9 V7 J* o
! [6 P% }/ F g3 d$ s' ]Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 t6 N+ @! C2 y; Y1 L
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 \# L, N4 w8 [: W7 Q& i 124. Boycott of elections) y% z" r$ B& H& D8 H) u4 K
125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 b* g8 k" H0 y7 X% r
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
& Z* z1 J' H) F% H ` 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions K2 k: ~: j7 a8 U( a& C
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 l; T, D/ E4 ?, q: b0 V
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
X/ S6 X# _: G0 c+ r- g 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ |: ?( Z8 r# e& T 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& M8 W! p: V' {' M8 L
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# Y! r7 `- G, s" [" h8 Q
8 n- |) j; q8 ]# g- x8 K! kCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience% u6 ?" ^4 f- }6 E u* ~7 m( f
133. Reluctant and slow compliance% p& h0 {% o5 V) T! d, _/ v
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; F9 Z8 b4 N. k3 b 135. Popular nonobedience" `8 H+ k% X: p |" R
136. Disguised disobedience
/ f: s- d3 _9 f 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
, w& A: v/ k; F* Z8 @5 A 138. Sitdown
+ {+ Y9 t& V$ v6 W) {) g 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 n3 b$ M8 U) R
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; \' D8 I; b, m R 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws. l0 S; `8 ^2 X! u" A; ^
* R1 J3 ?9 J$ p6 j7 iAction by Government Personnel, G3 t1 c6 `$ d
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! E1 i6 E" t f1 o' v5 v 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ J: g, `7 J. N( i% [ 144. Stalling and obstruction% n3 y( E- Z Y, H
145. General administrative noncooperation# e( Q8 B. ^9 C; O6 e4 d
: [0 O+ M7 f: A9 p1 E8 w0 c 146. Judicial noncooperation
* _0 A. l/ V. x; h+ a4 z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
d6 h4 B- p4 C a! C 148. Mutiny+ R' q } I0 v& d$ G5 B! Q8 G; g
Domestic Governmental Action. M/ i7 f2 x. ^' s( ~8 a4 Z5 R) U
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ v5 d+ w6 u0 ^8 |& I
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( k# O0 [8 \& I( F: _
3 B2 x* ?- P/ lInternational Governmental Action
( ]) ~7 N$ G, [% D/ e) K( O 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations q% H* \6 w( ]2 I' A0 X7 b4 d$ k
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: a" {- m! ^& j) \& @9 W
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& D- \) C( h5 O) a; r 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' ~ j5 a& D% S' [) H4 j" `" u
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 ~3 z o+ w2 l! }1 i 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# v7 d: u% @1 y, }8 O: K 157. Expulsion from international organizations3 J! n6 v1 B; X' F4 s& h. B! }
6 Y0 F$ H, F& L B6 C! t& x7 E" e( B; D
1 O/ w& n. w# t- mTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
& c1 d! b0 J6 F2 i8 y9 R/ h2 L: A4 |1 h& E7 m# a
9 B+ E6 D. J+ A! H6 S, q, W
Psychological Intervention) O3 o3 C" \ a' c6 [; C! b
158. Self-exposure to the elements" w9 J: R7 y+ l$ f2 V
159. The fast
! t$ H% ~: t2 f5 @5 ` a) Fast of moral pressure$ u! P( x8 o% K
b) Hunger strike
# c3 B* o: t: f, [6 w K' u2 e9 i c) Satyagrahic fast7 h0 a# B: q1 w! H' e
160. Reverse trial$ d6 L8 Y, Z8 k6 z
161. Nonviolent harassment, X$ N1 D3 \+ P5 r7 M! S
# I) Z) ]( l8 D
Physical Intervention' n0 T) [" o: _- ?
162. Sit-in
$ e! o8 |+ o8 d2 r9 n* A 163. Stand-in
/ e% }- u+ ~- F5 n3 |+ o) W 164. Ride-in% c& E d* D7 |, x
165. Wade-in
: ~% P: `/ \' K0 |5 G9 ]( R 166. Mill-in
! H3 F' \1 x2 k 167. Pray-in
$ q& ]2 i! U: \4 Z6 M1 r m 168. Nonviolent raids6 z) J/ f1 e! U/ C/ x6 x6 H" ^
169. Nonviolent air raids) c3 _" ]4 M4 W1 L8 e/ o: f
170. Nonviolent invasion7 y1 Q' O4 ]0 B. K
171. Nonviolent interjection
3 E. |7 W+ o0 E& H 172. Nonviolent obstruction
. J7 G( E' I/ W7 q: \& e 173. Nonviolent occupation6 C; d7 |; C$ g D
$ T& ?3 I5 c8 w( `# `Social Intervention/ a, a$ r" y) U* l
174. Establishing new social patterns8 A* W$ |/ T& [( i
175. Overloading of facilities
$ y: M& u6 u0 r- o% r$ I 176. Stall-in5 p k9 ]5 V3 y" Z1 f3 E
177. Speak-in0 i4 U, Y+ e7 E. X$ U4 r+ b* C$ `
178. Guerrilla theater
, ~; m t0 C# i4 i0 ` 179. Alternative social institutions
" L( E* I! o; J1 s* [' G6 O) r% S/ H 180. Alternative communication system) _& [" x! f, U' E2 @ W" T
7 k0 S3 V' h# uEconomic Intervention6 f; ~8 ^& @0 N; a0 S
181. Reverse strike1 \ c, O7 l0 C
182. Stay-in strike, u8 b4 L" E# K. c) |
183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 V9 r& a0 O' F5 ^( F 184. Defiance of blockades$ C0 m" {5 L- y) V
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 I5 u H% x) S" ]
186. Preclusive purchasing
" F4 M; x0 q: m$ ?; f* h' d# t' Z 187. Seizure of assets8 ~$ t$ C) i+ P3 x+ x* }1 B; B
188. Dumping2 A m; Z, P$ s: U2 l7 H; z) u5 f
189. Selective patronage2 M, G* s4 S3 C. L$ F" N
190. Alternative markets p F: B' y+ O) J* M0 z/ I& J
191. Alternative transportation systems; C; c1 d0 i! C/ g
192. Alternative economic institutions/ j6 d$ ?3 ]/ ~/ S2 A- h
8 `5 d5 O7 {0 T. V2 l3 ^, v4 xPolitical Intervention
z3 V3 d( Y. P( I5 V9 y6 I/ v 193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 n' W) |+ Q" [. B5 N 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
E5 z0 h }! g5 ~& v j( x 195. Seeking imprisonment
9 g5 s0 u$ G2 I" R, W 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 s: Z: f) C6 \* l9 ^, i) ]
197. Work-on without collaboration
* ?, d1 `7 m$ p, h* c 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
