 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
}) C' p$ ?% u0 w$ J! _4 gFormal Statements8 l$ G9 D7 v0 I5 }: C. F6 S( x+ h
1. Public Speeches
/ w/ y/ Q& v! M 2. Letters of opposition or support
. |( C9 e O2 P$ Y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 G4 ]8 _; ]# n) r- ^ 4. Signed public statements
7 z( L v; p2 b* `- B* j5 R0 B9 n$ h 5. Declarations of indictment and intention. J) V% u4 K L1 T3 ^
6. Group or mass petitions
& h- q/ H" P3 {! |
/ i7 |; Y7 X p* s' uCommunications with a Wider Audience
q+ @! N! [7 Z6 o0 o8 K3 J" q; n6 h 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# o7 o0 F. J9 n# @2 F, ^! B 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' e: V6 ~5 a. b" M
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! b& g' Z/ d1 J5 X 10. Newspapers and journals
7 |) t' Y" p/ F5 ~) b2 f D, A 11. Records, radio, and television4 \7 f% n5 b, O. O/ Z
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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\7 h* M6 P1 T5 u" d8 c2 eGroup Representations
' V# |. P3 S5 s3 o5 |- E( K' w 13. Deputations
8 T# L# s, x% c- r1 \& e 14. Mock awards4 c Z7 \, o [6 h
15. Group lobbying# W7 X7 \% z" ]. T
16. Picketing. S( m0 Q* x) I+ Q* D8 p, X- ?
17. Mock elections5 E; N W) m2 \+ F' D
% I( L2 k s. a$ v2 `
Symbolic Public Acts: L1 g& @& O& ?( S3 R
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 j7 A+ ^" G( S: v9 i- b 19. Wearing of symbols
3 K+ F f: t F) c& w 20. Prayer and worship
" G+ h( y5 r* O6 w 21. Delivering symbolic objects
: Y6 a( a0 W) ^& h) E* P) c2 l! V; y 22. Protest disrobings
, F; x4 x0 Q5 X7 ^, n" h9 H 23. Destruction of own property, z1 O1 e- t1 @3 Q8 p
24. Symbolic lights
% E4 u+ u" J" ?) {6 u0 S- n 25. Displays of portraits( w# ]& R+ W& O' J2 G, X
26. Paint as protest
$ z" t; Y1 |% [ 27. New signs and names# J0 |: Y5 z, I, e( K
28. Symbolic sounds% J: p: A& \+ ~/ m5 W
29. Symbolic reclamations+ `% y( A! [" W5 O" u0 R" |
30. Rude gestures
$ Y% C/ B; O2 z5 U. h0 b+ ?9 D" z: q6 |
Pressures on Individuals
' ?: Z( U. S6 ?: f$ V 31. “Haunting” officials
( _: d. Y" ]7 F& g( V0 ]- F 32. Taunting officials
; i0 z: L1 o S- d 33. Fraternization5 h, g$ c+ f6 S8 k4 S
34. Vigils8 h4 P- x- @, G1 H% W: N1 Q
. j5 Z' y& H& h7 XDrama and Music5 Y ?& y1 `/ X0 M
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ S; w, m9 i7 F. X7 h, U
36. Performances of plays and music: Y; \- Q# R- N) K
37. Singing
4 X! L) r. T% }3 j/ F3 [, y/ H; u" n: g% g# k2 h f5 F! ~# I
Processions
* E" _2 `( k$ k6 g5 k) M& _; [ 38. Marches$ G6 _' x3 w# m3 M' F& w& F
39. Parades9 R( p& c1 N: h1 r' A3 W
40. Religious processions4 l" b% O8 E9 @1 ~& [! d
41. Pilgrimages4 ~: Y; G: E- j
42. Motorcades
) }& z- U) K* t+ t0 ~: x, p. ]2 Z0 W! w O4 B6 [
Honoring the Dead, n3 ~* }8 t: Q0 F' o0 I4 b
43. Political mourning3 A, _ u$ V, Q# |8 R. c2 L
44. Mock funerals
# m! o1 u( ?$ K: w. F1 B 45. Demonstrative funerals& j# }- E* d L4 ]5 b$ W" e
46. Homage at burial places
% {# ~; U1 |1 n% |$ Y4 X# e |: `, P1 w' m1 `7 B
Public Assemblies
. [/ U( \& f. ?9 B+ d, F6 X 47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ G* H4 t- G1 d& J: {7 } 48. Protest meetings
, t5 R! b+ o& B, q! r: r) f 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
5 J; |* W! Z% K8 Z, I3 c* S 50. Teach-ins
2 Y/ n( ~7 {% H
: q0 @' o! u; v0 f, P ^3 i& bWithdrawal and Renunciation! s+ z6 @1 b5 j6 x( E) |' o
51. Walk-outs2 d' g' \, J! a7 o
52. Silence
1 {: e. s- [ B 53. Renouncing honors4 \) K. _+ s% M6 v: e
54. Turning one’s back
6 b( l8 M. H( l# J8 b9 S/ C
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ u# w- b L1 F$ E0 o
! L" T$ X6 x, z3 a, C5 W7 N
0 G* |8 g+ t K3 ~" L% K
- O# y& p8 j5 H/ ?8 p. B+ v3 {/ BOstracism of Persons
! f; _& y8 a! C- r# z 55. Social boycott
$ Z7 Y6 Z/ D! U! i* G6 j' q0 K3 T" T 56. Selective social boycott
. _6 R/ r! s! _! C# p 57. Lysistratic nonaction+ p- `: }$ ?6 W7 J- d
58. Excommunication
# i/ [* \5 j' @4 Z3 T* W G 59. Interdict
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$ ^3 i' b( W$ A8 R+ q4 WNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ _ G- e- n! ~2 a I% g 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 n: F! O9 S Z3 ]9 n: }- h 61. Boycott of social affairs
& Q. z5 p1 L; `: a F 62. Student strike
& S0 ]: T$ O; T- ?+ q 63. Social disobedience
1 n$ v" t6 I( h8 @ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 a% x1 K. W* R& Y* j) d* T* d `- w/ [$ i; F s2 \1 ]4 c4 v
Withdrawal from the Social System
' T3 M/ Q) y; G. i3 j 65. Stay-at-home/ d6 S8 {. N# r- _' c3 F
66. Total personal noncooperation' `. t5 E/ s, y6 [" J
67. “Flight” of workers; R$ O" `+ t7 R& ]9 z
68. Sanctuary
G' {0 j* V) V% i+ }- I3 T 69. Collective disappearance1 I6 C: G. \& P! p% K
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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6 F: k0 n8 r6 g: e+ d O+ @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers0 Q; e3 S( }# S
71. Consumers’ boycott
& T. r4 @ w" R, X, x5 @# @! u 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. ^4 }6 E) F5 H( d! G/ p9 b
73. Policy of austerity
D- T0 o* o3 n+ |" k$ T/ l 74. Rent withholding4 f0 ?4 Y6 P( E/ T
75. Refusal to rent5 k1 s# z) v5 N" x
76. National consumers’ boycott
! C1 g+ X+ X+ G" [' l 77. International consumers’ boycott8 V+ x( o$ n, w- \
+ O ~- }! p6 J: q9 dAction by Workers and Producers$ {' ]( k+ S) {) e8 l
78. Workmen’s boycott# n$ v1 S3 [) O
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen g4 @3 }$ K& b
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 z' y8 C0 _, y! o6 Y$ m* H- F" P
& F: M; j; c6 Q. g1 _; B3 \
Action by Owners and Management
' e: D* k( _, Z; L 81. Traders’ boycott2 C; `( W7 G" [ _9 @
82. Refusal to let or sell property
& V3 r; r% ?" J) N$ F- }) B 83. Lockout0 [; W) P5 \; ?( T% b9 U" V6 f" v7 R
84. Refusal of industrial assistance N/ `1 L) `/ A4 F1 n' I
85. Merchants’ “general strike”# n0 F5 b1 z" p, {0 N/ Z
+ G7 e3 C6 ]" u# kAction by Holders of Financial Resources% j! ]6 j" ^$ F# q
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- c' X9 v9 S" n
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ b h' z. n) ^. `6 E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest g7 ~6 o+ I) h+ Z% m8 h
89. Severance of funds and credit5 O9 X5 [ \6 t8 C, w. P
90. Revenue refusal
' ~$ b( F! g$ m$ O0 c U 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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( x* V. A f |. y o) HAction by Governments& A5 D1 K4 Q' w& }5 |2 W8 B( s/ f
92. Domestic embargo/ }! k" e+ ]4 ^9 ^5 p
93. Blacklisting of traders& I. g2 [; F: n/ t, G
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 @0 d; K; v+ Y& i/ m: j 95. International buyers’ embargo8 L% A3 ]' y0 C8 B" l1 a' O& ^
96. International trade embargo
4 Z7 ?% F# f. `1 n5 }1 M% `$ x5 f% ^" M6 r# T5 g! M
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1 t9 u9 k) V) ?! DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE* G6 ]( M+ }- q, j2 C
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! {+ p( ]# @ t6 n8 gSymbolic Strikes/ T$ p( W+ m' `" V
97. Protest strike9 {. j5 ]* x" `/ u
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
4 o3 T) G u( i' {, b- X! N6 x9 |% t+ r7 ~ u
Agricultural Strikes) M a4 q c ^# X/ ?
99. Peasant strike
& @1 ^, u# ^( J5 T6 z 100. Farm Workers’ strike B( l# R0 U- Y' L3 t: @% L2 @
$ {' g4 @- n7 O! x4 l0 ~/ `5 _9 O$ S6 nStrikes by Special Groups( T& r, D; t6 M) K
101. Refusal of impressed labor( j. r, y8 D% q* T. Y1 r
102. Prisoners’ strike3 F6 [2 z- v# M( A
103. Craft strike7 r+ k9 T2 D2 i/ W5 J% ~6 \
104. Professional strike
4 [8 u+ W. r: t$ o3 l( {* l" G# Y; m# ]% Y- a$ ]/ a' E$ F* x
Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 ?' W/ t3 }* c, O1 e
105. Establishment strike
+ V1 P1 y( ?# G( l" ~, J5 B 106. Industry strike
7 Q5 |: e6 S+ s5 Z7 L( ^5 E 107. Sympathetic strike) q3 \. U) U& ~
, T1 w) u8 T4 T8 j. d1 f. T9 Z: TRestricted Strikes
( G2 n6 l) D( Y% Q6 j 108. Detailed strike
5 c' O8 l- b0 `0 X8 [* o6 U 109. Bumper strike+ S$ O; u, d2 q! y# C2 X
110. Slowdown strike* t! j1 R# l; _4 O4 J+ S' D, i
111. Working-to-rule strike4 ]4 L4 F r$ ]. A% p
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 T+ a) m1 s& e 113. Strike by resignation. l/ q- C; D) @ M( K
114. Limited strike5 w7 q2 |! E. |+ a A
115. Selective strike) ` j! @* J( y& u- [9 J
+ P, {9 \! I; ^. iMulti-Industry Strikes7 t4 l' I* y: u; Y
: Z: ^( f r! ^" `6 q- p2 U/ N 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike' X5 T2 S$ B+ d0 L" A$ v
" I5 U1 O2 q) [Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: h5 x3 Z7 e( q L
( Y" N5 i3 A, M+ n5 l2 n4 t! U 118. Hartal9 `9 h0 X6 [( z/ o9 q
7 T y6 h' K6 m9 o: a$ d 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 S' D- B! v+ u7 |Rejection of Authority2 W' s3 P7 {1 A8 E6 j% O6 y* Q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( J" A0 Q' C- y. q 121. Refusal of public support
/ E1 d! ?9 M' } 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( v8 W1 y4 z. e& q
( k1 U7 I" ~. `7 LCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government' M" A9 m' n2 M |; @1 h! D. H- ^
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( k2 w( \! W6 M/ W 124. Boycott of elections, _ f4 Q( v3 }% |
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' a3 V" E( [, { 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ j& K" R2 W( n; A/ M% z- G: } 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! p$ v( `- G7 g9 [' y7 t 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& P6 V: o/ n: H& ] R
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 M5 n' X8 T! J) w4 [5 T8 Y" y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% `0 {! O: z; _ _; F/ T, |. a0 h 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials e* d/ q5 z& Z& o
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' w ]- D) ?3 [* k6 @8 k
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: ^$ J! W2 R" o0 `, H' P/ A 133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 l- M5 R" |% |
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( [! X3 g& i, p+ q8 ]. O0 p4 [& f) b 135. Popular nonobedience' E' q$ r- P7 |, j0 j3 R' s0 p% j! U
136. Disguised disobedience6 X: B8 f! m& S
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: r: X" g8 n. \6 P2 }5 k
138. Sitdown
: _" f Y( h' i7 G4 z' g$ b5 C 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! F |5 Y: Z& N# m6 w2 d! n
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* p5 Q9 d# h9 X! N& W) d5 z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
6 j8 j. U. \" M9 Q( F6 k Y* i3 @' }. t/ V2 R8 b
Action by Government Personnel
9 T2 x8 L. [) K" X1 t. E 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides x; i4 R3 d& a. m$ ]. |: ~
143. Blocking of lines of command and information& y0 H0 u$ s6 l
144. Stalling and obstruction. X F8 K3 B" p$ |" N# R) d+ U
145. General administrative noncooperation
' y! U) {4 t( `8 A) ~' G) q
) I- `9 L+ h0 s2 Y# `( b 146. Judicial noncooperation' S4 c4 o) ^1 f( L( I- c8 X8 _
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents$ b1 ]" c l" N$ T1 R
148. Mutiny
2 ~5 a( s9 _' A( O+ p7 t' y! l2 LDomestic Governmental Action
8 y3 f. w4 X; |4 f8 {4 P/ z) F 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' S a1 v: e4 m3 E8 z, D. @7 [ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ j2 t, I& X# U: O7 J) o" H x
h7 `8 G6 I; Q+ RInternational Governmental Action
2 {6 g+ }1 Z4 n% u) E- G( K 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) h) q/ }* R7 k; h" N 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 ^9 a Y. n) X. b. J; S
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ ^; t R4 [8 ]+ b0 B' n. x3 O 154. Severance of diplomatic relations6 x$ }/ m& S2 W6 O
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 [4 d7 t) p) l 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& ~: D/ e$ H! r1 }) ?4 G; A
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# C, {: W1 Q: t1 a4 B$ C1 a
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/ \! ]# V$ x4 x! ~Psychological Intervention
1 O* ]) v9 K! A& h8 f 158. Self-exposure to the elements) n5 X3 c ?( \1 ]! O/ @
159. The fast
+ h# \/ m$ ?5 w% A a) Fast of moral pressure
$ _+ C5 ]! T0 r9 \! S( P" ? b) Hunger strike$ w6 W L' E( W/ D- y" O0 Z
c) Satyagrahic fast
( |8 g) C! f( F" z1 O 160. Reverse trial
' Y0 t0 a$ q+ r' N! w# ^$ Q2 x 161. Nonviolent harassment6 J9 z) c2 C& n+ J7 d
! H6 H3 P0 S- M# HPhysical Intervention/ _% q% m% z4 k7 g
162. Sit-in7 t4 w w! L3 K
163. Stand-in1 F8 k( Y& s6 j+ I$ q( H# @
164. Ride-in) B- p% t# D0 E% h6 {6 ~6 y2 m
165. Wade-in
3 o! v ` X7 D3 i 166. Mill-in3 U; c4 A. ^8 a& ]
167. Pray-in
- M9 d- e, X7 v+ F; J: C 168. Nonviolent raids( n6 C7 h. F0 r M
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 L8 n6 t. u3 P4 E 170. Nonviolent invasion% @" V% v, n! _ o
171. Nonviolent interjection; W) Q! c9 Y, J6 j: ?4 S
172. Nonviolent obstruction
! U; A7 ], S6 m5 Y 173. Nonviolent occupation9 Q% e0 f; d8 I2 \( X
& m2 c+ R1 O! f k, tSocial Intervention
5 K4 W/ l* E7 j# G6 { 174. Establishing new social patterns0 D3 a. K j8 |8 A* _9 a% r
175. Overloading of facilities, y4 V+ z4 D4 u5 x% D
176. Stall-in
) x7 I, ~1 P+ @; P, m 177. Speak-in
8 h0 T7 e& p2 Z2 U 178. Guerrilla theater
& S4 M* n3 Z$ p 179. Alternative social institutions
9 g. |/ K- V" n3 Z 180. Alternative communication system) k( n" R9 s- {, N, d; a( |
" U4 j; z8 h) `3 S
Economic Intervention
) `4 ~! [% P( u# ^& Y, ? 181. Reverse strike
4 X( J2 X# p2 L 182. Stay-in strike; N0 `; v1 I- h# O
183. Nonviolent land seizure5 n% L8 `7 p- A1 h" c$ |
184. Defiance of blockades4 Z9 \0 i* { d
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- w9 z, Y, ]6 q; i1 {* L' ?' k. N& A/ O
186. Preclusive purchasing$ a1 B2 [1 Y5 m0 R d! a, M2 v
187. Seizure of assets
, N/ f- d; u! Y8 y# }: f3 ^ 188. Dumping6 m- _; U- ]1 P$ c& \% w% K
189. Selective patronage
k' w* G# k2 W! b 190. Alternative markets
! m5 N( V! @. G- T 191. Alternative transportation systems
6 L! e* Y: C' c( }) B 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention9 n! J2 n4 J# N" g
193. Overloading of administrative systems
, m4 u& i0 ], B/ |2 P. ^! L5 R 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, R9 S6 | J+ E5 u3 I8 U 195. Seeking imprisonment
D/ M8 d8 [* M! U) e, K. K 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; J; }6 f; J: E" ~6 I6 S- p8 N 197. Work-on without collaboration/ _0 u2 M/ @2 q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
