 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# u& i* Z8 O8 z. Y
Formal Statements4 _* X/ l3 Q b' G9 F; F
1. Public Speeches
' E" ~. [& q U4 W2 |' W 2. Letters of opposition or support9 F6 f" _% y) a% u! r- v, o
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 [0 d; ]+ f. Q 4. Signed public statements# {: s1 [9 A! R; Q; \
5. Declarations of indictment and intention% |) d0 }8 `/ U
6. Group or mass petitions
2 { y0 J5 c+ z7 ?5 v
( ~& R) B+ v6 HCommunications with a Wider Audience* e+ D% k. I' _
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) d# C0 `9 ^* W 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) m! N* }* z) U8 d4 V 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ }( a' T0 c, z: M9 G2 y 10. Newspapers and journals
9 s: f. V* C4 z- Q2 K/ t. h 11. Records, radio, and television( I0 H- T3 e& z1 l& f
12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 b8 n" q1 N0 `0 `7 b% C
- \8 m0 p' ]$ S3 Z; D: j
Group Representations
0 {- y8 @$ @/ w- T7 C, w- T" r4 ?) J 13. Deputations- z9 G" e0 z. m( | j7 |
14. Mock awards
0 C# W5 N; n0 w" f9 v$ E 15. Group lobbying
+ f( D8 u: A8 \ z 16. Picketing! R/ P9 s6 K! T' M2 c, Q
17. Mock elections1 | K+ ~! ^# Q6 [
s" Z) T0 q6 |! {. C" k! R5 S/ i
Symbolic Public Acts
8 l! f! p2 Y! K 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: r# h4 t( M* `5 l 19. Wearing of symbols! t: E1 m' j" W) m5 ~
20. Prayer and worship
( o P( h u' D 21. Delivering symbolic objects2 M$ t2 q- D. }$ J& _, \- f
22. Protest disrobings' Q; G+ _6 S# h( ]
23. Destruction of own property
3 h s4 W: T X( V 24. Symbolic lights
8 } u6 w5 I& x' {" b" ` 25. Displays of portraits
! _' c# |6 D; t0 H0 I4 \ 26. Paint as protest- O# Z6 o4 B+ J4 b' }$ U+ F
27. New signs and names5 [; V' g. y! W. p$ {, r6 K4 V5 J
28. Symbolic sounds0 k; U5 ^- z3 C8 J2 O: n+ ]
29. Symbolic reclamations( C2 Q# V* b7 O! N' W# C5 X, |3 y
30. Rude gestures
7 v- s/ g& b5 I# h( Y$ [7 K. P4 z: X& o; W0 C4 i6 t/ C
Pressures on Individuals/ r" f2 u8 f c. r
31. “Haunting” officials% s* I$ R& E: Z' ^
32. Taunting officials
* u6 h* {! v" k! r 33. Fraternization( Y3 {6 Y7 b- _0 ^0 E
34. Vigils
1 w9 z- i# X; U1 j3 [0 B5 N
6 A; l0 {4 U( e/ |* L- ]9 mDrama and Music+ J% y; T. `/ y7 A
35. Humorous skits and pranks. `5 @/ T2 V5 T5 P% ^* |
36. Performances of plays and music, X* S, i' C' r' `: t2 \+ G7 F
37. Singing
7 f# m, S& }6 S* t7 S& M
( X# a2 ^, m+ hProcessions/ X7 K% l s& c! ?
38. Marches
$ A# M R$ Y& S0 j% G4 j% [ 39. Parades# T. {) J0 p2 i* ~7 n9 L
40. Religious processions" ?) K. F5 u5 r; G
41. Pilgrimages/ `4 B! d* y$ [# c' N6 q4 j0 D
42. Motorcades& Q# |2 M7 N! u2 m6 n
6 Q, _7 A; x5 P6 THonoring the Dead, }* Z7 ^6 n H
43. Political mourning
) |+ V0 k$ o& e 44. Mock funerals
/ `- b! M: ?, c$ V' c- q' x 45. Demonstrative funerals7 \, B) {. }# R# ]
46. Homage at burial places5 x/ n4 {, J$ s4 L& X8 ]
8 `- B$ b1 P! y [3 K
Public Assemblies: A0 S) c4 W3 D4 G& K4 c
47. Assemblies of protest or support2 k- V+ r3 Q' F6 }6 V7 N# t7 O; X
48. Protest meetings$ @& R: D/ Z5 X8 U
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" [7 @7 O0 d4 J* _- c 50. Teach-ins
! s2 l: q$ ~, j: Y9 A- _# |: j. K( |+ c. }1 T
Withdrawal and Renunciation
$ v% C5 _0 I; q4 S 51. Walk-outs5 s( l: K! G5 P' Q6 E6 }* y
52. Silence7 b+ F; k0 C' f" a
53. Renouncing honors& \4 {) m" U' a+ N) W R6 D2 c8 c
54. Turning one’s back; d/ t' P S0 k7 q
' f6 ]# V8 ]) r& b
, o9 F6 Y7 G# a6 [) J7 C7 ~
/ n# J; k1 b/ X* s) [1 z4 W
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* S5 |2 F; P: y- u x3 f* y6 L1 ]7 q/ Y* m6 F7 j
3 [) [6 d/ g* c# g
9 p p6 `5 r& V8 X" COstracism of Persons0 {+ F! X$ z2 ^7 C; c& G2 N" g. w
55. Social boycott/ c; o! g& ? U T8 E$ |2 t% J0 ]& S
56. Selective social boycott
7 \- ^5 A& e' G- a6 p1 ]$ ]3 t 57. Lysistratic nonaction
: x3 s6 ?: p$ {( N 58. Excommunication
# f# L' [9 `; }1 c4 d 59. Interdict
% Z: L- \. }4 j) r( d7 K; j$ W7 g u& Z* Z8 ~- T/ f
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions Y& r, X' T3 O8 T/ f7 i ~
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ V+ a" v- L: }3 ~! r 61. Boycott of social affairs
- W7 m; \- S: V& v# @ 62. Student strike5 h. @5 r! [5 Y+ n
63. Social disobedience9 ^ o7 {5 ~6 t- l, c1 J6 v, A
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
. s+ h$ N O! c; V3 H8 j& x/ G/ A# Z% S3 Q
Withdrawal from the Social System
) z4 S! k: ]* f! I 65. Stay-at-home
4 d' r7 q# X$ V 66. Total personal noncooperation
' {0 L. _1 ?1 z 67. “Flight” of workers; [6 v9 R' l6 c# {4 K6 G1 Y9 e
68. Sanctuary
) A2 ^( ^7 s( p2 ~/ \& ]" ~8 M* ] 69. Collective disappearance
2 o: K- ^+ ]+ F, p. e 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 R9 X9 v+ g% R& b5 J
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3 Y( n# @# y C
$ ~" S4 s9 B6 E; I5 W# YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
. _) R& r3 B+ Z5 n: b% D' _6 q$ H1 z, {
. x7 m' n9 H6 W6 y) \, Y
Actions by Consumers) c2 J& T+ m: x
71. Consumers’ boycott0 H& a/ @3 e2 l4 v1 f0 i
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 j3 x6 N. `+ Q. B9 a
73. Policy of austerity6 M6 K1 x% ?4 a' P
74. Rent withholding3 m( w# ?( ~' s" M- m
75. Refusal to rent
. @! t/ ?- T* z$ \# S 76. National consumers’ boycott
* o" t) ~) ]7 v" g; L0 D4 ? 77. International consumers’ boycott
1 a* U( T5 j/ W- X" F/ w( k0 j) f. b) i. T9 ~ D7 W
Action by Workers and Producers
$ X/ ?: M7 u2 ]3 D 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ ]7 K% o t- c8 w( k 79. Producers’ boycott1 n& z5 m, Y* w
3 y- n: a1 ^. K' D- [4 p" n
Action by Middlemen3 p3 E- }2 @$ t
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" v9 ^% F' }3 N( |, h- }+ v
0 p1 [+ H0 g6 a! ^2 ~5 f" AAction by Owners and Management
0 M4 a( Z, n: {6 _1 N& R: f 81. Traders’ boycott
0 O# Z. v4 l% ]7 Y5 p/ N9 } 82. Refusal to let or sell property
4 ]* [ [! j: J& b% g; Q 83. Lockout, ^) l" u; q$ A! V Y- ], v) w9 m
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' i6 ?6 l. O/ v/ r x' |) W 85. Merchants’ “general strike”; _2 z3 J2 m. q$ J6 I$ I
. c R; ~, `, n/ VAction by Holders of Financial Resources+ f& ~ _4 k g
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) e3 B1 i* i' N4 ~4 b
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" i8 }4 ^6 T5 q8 c, ?# B& ~
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
5 d" z; Z: B( v 89. Severance of funds and credit
5 O6 z' |7 ?8 U8 v 90. Revenue refusal
' l F9 M; G0 N# d5 y) z 91. Refusal of a government’s money
- R P* N8 A9 d, u1 v: c7 X4 Y! E: r8 h9 F, v( O2 U5 Q2 |4 E
Action by Governments
5 `8 F! g! K* I0 ~5 j- T8 q 92. Domestic embargo
3 I, R% w# W: C" {: }3 } K 93. Blacklisting of traders
8 Z2 j) X1 Y) o( a 94. International sellers’ embargo1 m! O, H. X) V6 J- U" }
95. International buyers’ embargo) @( B b/ Y$ s4 r* M+ f q" i
96. International trade embargo* h3 ~2 j4 X: w# H' R) N: Z {
& F7 i; w( ]: O2 h3 E
Z4 e- v4 c4 E, e5 n" g; q6 q' I' x/ D' d% p
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
7 _) ?* }* b2 y, n' m
. c( W1 O; m; ?/ ]2 g + q) |! {% y/ U: T% P B' N
Symbolic Strikes
. e1 m' H' t. h% g% P; S8 _ 97. Protest strike
1 m9 |( K8 p+ M 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# T; S& p- C+ |& j. ], ~
8 M0 i& O4 I( s6 ^# P5 E5 bAgricultural Strikes" C; K" r$ e9 c2 r2 z
99. Peasant strike7 B( w$ o2 F7 B) h
100. Farm Workers’ strike3 D! o' I" ~6 s' u; e
' ]4 R4 r! z) y& V( ?: QStrikes by Special Groups
, w; t3 X3 A$ r8 {) a& w: a 101. Refusal of impressed labor
" S: X% o! g1 _$ U8 A s# c" j 102. Prisoners’ strike( s: @/ \5 W/ S% C7 L
103. Craft strike
8 ?4 j1 y9 Y9 m9 Q 104. Professional strike h8 h9 X* T. W6 |, Z/ N: l! R
* I5 t3 Z+ p4 z9 `1 [8 M
Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ A) M; G3 ^3 e& ]7 \1 d
105. Establishment strike4 s4 H j" t9 U- h; q9 D8 r
106. Industry strike
, O. |" X9 y' Q" S/ `" L0 C ?* z 107. Sympathetic strike
% X0 M7 A0 T2 B; H* F( I
3 F+ ~+ f6 n% \5 H* x# G; o1 v: vRestricted Strikes
% F7 e v7 V2 g$ e5 |2 f- u% ? 108. Detailed strike5 }- Q5 x+ [ X% A
109. Bumper strike- O5 v8 u* N3 r$ N9 _+ `
110. Slowdown strike
, P: b1 j) F' C) C 111. Working-to-rule strike7 [" E* m1 d/ a2 q
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' D5 o: T0 D$ O8 g( p( d 113. Strike by resignation9 Q7 ^- F$ R a' L- v
114. Limited strike" o7 X5 H. m4 }& ~! n
115. Selective strike
8 [; g, J2 I* w4 [# ~$ Z/ R$ l2 V9 ^/ p6 {0 Q7 _7 P; v8 Y+ x
Multi-Industry Strikes2 c w# g1 o t. B% H0 C
$ a, G; p& _" @( b) Y, s( W9 { 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
* ?1 I/ [* L P9 _2 }( h" V
/ o. w) ]; v; G. M6 tCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
{7 o; I- u2 N; ^- a
. s [$ M0 Z* R5 k 118. Hartal5 K( v6 z6 C( R& B
! d$ |2 a( V4 K 119. Economic shutdown" z: X6 u- K7 A- @/ i. B% i( Q! H
7 T% i1 t( M9 F6 ?6 s* @ $ r5 B8 G9 A8 M7 H: `4 {
: A, h/ v% T- O5 B+ N e2 q" v; @THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority' s+ l! x6 o6 h5 n6 i
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 t, f* I5 d @2 `3 X
121. Refusal of public support
* H4 }# k$ T" O0 M) k5 A 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; i9 F/ c# @% w+ O% F+ i! l0 b) C! d
- U, X- `( s6 RCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 `& _" U) x1 Z- O7 [6 x
123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 U: H: P& D% D6 F4 [, l
124. Boycott of elections$ P2 M/ Y7 ]# ]$ H) ]+ T1 o: f4 g
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; E5 @3 [% f# ^6 S9 o# U6 m 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) Z' T, y, h: T; L 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 J+ ], K6 t) n' [5 d
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 }1 w' e2 u& M
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* d- I2 P. `7 c L0 `
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) Z& Q. I$ O3 N `# J4 E7 X( }0 O 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 d% \' E3 f q2 f. m7 N
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) [ D5 e u1 X) F$ k7 C
6 l t4 v3 _5 }* O- |* H g ICitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' y( i1 v: ?* T! p, i$ M2 M) t 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& x; L0 U% y" E1 H" e3 P& y, H 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision* j8 }; J4 f! D
135. Popular nonobedience! C8 q/ e+ [- J4 ^
136. Disguised disobedience
4 U H/ z1 V% K7 i D/ e/ B$ ~ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ A J" X7 u( a2 b; E5 o 138. Sitdown
! G3 H* ], s" o8 y$ j2 R 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 s+ S+ u: g& W/ o) b
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ O0 H; V8 }( q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, |; n/ A+ `: g" ~3 e" L! f& Q. m5 s; L6 s B
Action by Government Personnel3 Q; r& y. u' J4 }
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) T$ N( _/ {- s! F8 a$ z7 U
143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 U; a- j6 u1 P2 {7 T6 H/ j
144. Stalling and obstruction5 W( l- e6 u1 |! x
145. General administrative noncooperation
3 d% H: r7 }. @4 _3 Y$ D; n6 c
& b+ r2 G; V8 C/ P- @! U0 @ 146. Judicial noncooperation
6 K/ a( E) {) x. V0 B 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 M' q% h( k" ~+ k8 z( j0 `3 G7 p* F 148. Mutiny
( Z! s! m7 a2 m, {: V7 E+ i4 Y. xDomestic Governmental Action; R V4 ?6 a8 J' J. \0 ~& }) s
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays0 s$ z1 r) U4 _8 A% C* R" u
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. v: N3 Y O) S, i7 n, n, Z
4 p8 }+ H" I! H2 ^8 X# {9 o0 {International Governmental Action) R. Y4 x, a# I0 ~) e$ ?! e; B
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
0 q: y- k6 s) O: l; K 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# f) \ s7 d2 V+ e$ Z: W4 c$ D
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 e3 o, U! i; z9 u+ H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' q8 O5 S) \0 T8 E! ^+ a
155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 J4 s" X/ j# ?* f0 _% k
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. t" ^5 ]; ]3 J0 } 157. Expulsion from international organizations$ \' l8 P. W W3 y
0 W6 ~" |8 T& g: j }2 U ) s5 x. P6 P2 q7 L7 F8 p, m$ l
/ R1 p) b9 c/ O/ A( L& o: XTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
6 ]& m- s' V* V/ H2 N( J
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- Z( P f( A+ {9 J. QPsychological Intervention
[/ v- T, Q# T; {* f$ Z8 s, O! v 158. Self-exposure to the elements8 f' p( z! P5 S" y. @
159. The fast! Y- `% | Q# y, P0 G1 ?
a) Fast of moral pressure" o7 a* p- {* M, P3 N3 V% ]8 ]
b) Hunger strike
' E6 X* e* v# X: a3 K V c) Satyagrahic fast& {& Y+ t- a }
160. Reverse trial0 Z$ W ~8 J* c7 {/ n. [ @# N% o
161. Nonviolent harassment
8 A9 w' b: {4 r! j0 h6 d+ I* A4 |$ Y) d( b( i9 `; g3 C
Physical Intervention
- \; l/ v# ~! O+ G3 Q& S# Y 162. Sit-in0 g8 Q0 H& m$ E
163. Stand-in( O) r+ H3 ~: G9 C. ]
164. Ride-in
% C4 e; h; e( N* H1 {* h! B& |) t$ L h 165. Wade-in
% Q4 D) W: }; n) S 166. Mill-in4 ^6 T/ V) M5 ^$ C4 \$ a
167. Pray-in
6 B! S6 U: K6 j6 ~+ e g+ R" T9 S 168. Nonviolent raids
4 A: \- A" Q: E: h# ` 169. Nonviolent air raids) ]/ q. n. I# j6 N1 s- _4 ?3 g
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 A- }4 S0 ^0 a7 `* R 171. Nonviolent interjection
8 U' b# G& X. F7 X' V9 A 172. Nonviolent obstruction
C, X) {8 u9 {# _9 d3 V0 F+ F 173. Nonviolent occupation
& x5 ?# z( a, L4 U- j$ `+ e2 u, E% x7 s' X: v
Social Intervention
; S0 g6 _9 k# T 174. Establishing new social patterns& @4 ?2 j8 U# b2 Z
175. Overloading of facilities( W$ a! h4 N' q) X. }
176. Stall-in
. S6 w7 n0 `7 e; s+ y 177. Speak-in
! K, W1 L4 a' r* p& g+ u 178. Guerrilla theater+ j" t5 d+ w" m( v4 \9 m/ j
179. Alternative social institutions
1 {1 k9 J: W0 ^ 180. Alternative communication system
) P0 _8 P. _. m6 y K2 r c9 {
1 U8 e6 O- l" jEconomic Intervention
" @: J9 V7 E( F t" F4 }! e; B 181. Reverse strike
- A- S& i# o( _: t1 \, w 182. Stay-in strike
/ m) |# r1 Z) r$ k! D 183. Nonviolent land seizure
* V! ^+ s8 R6 d( L' T- b 184. Defiance of blockades' w- f% U5 K2 n& Q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 }. G* t) E& i7 |$ c
186. Preclusive purchasing& b; J# ^) t/ h
187. Seizure of assets
. ]+ u, x. j5 G' o5 n 188. Dumping: z- n5 U+ N$ o F1 k" f3 \
189. Selective patronage/ R* F4 q* F7 h1 | q
190. Alternative markets$ r6 i! x; _% u5 l, X2 K9 _* m
191. Alternative transportation systems
$ {+ N$ b9 Q1 l 192. Alternative economic institutions7 I$ f. I' ?$ B: Z, f: W
0 x8 G! w1 ~- ^9 Y& C* C3 y- m
Political Intervention
$ e; F& Y: M& Z/ F, Y8 ]% t4 | 193. Overloading of administrative systems" `6 {# B2 C3 t% z0 u
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 M4 K& c7 ]' e! `+ o( W
195. Seeking imprisonment8 H6 q/ R k L& R
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) C7 \* U8 B) e3 A" K 197. Work-on without collaboration
& A' U! q" g* v% @( X, t! M 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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