 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION7 D% B/ k2 h. I! j' {+ J2 q+ i
Formal Statements
8 P: t9 _& p4 i% m# L7 g3 P 1. Public Speeches! G) @: j6 X1 k& a4 N
2. Letters of opposition or support4 \# B# {7 m7 v( s$ c
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 w* I/ G% Q& [ S$ ?
4. Signed public statements
5 [& Z/ p& Z4 C S y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention# W! n0 J8 q8 p8 {# U. N# @( j5 a
6. Group or mass petitions f* ]$ I% M$ Z3 o# y
# e9 @% Y( n$ ^
Communications with a Wider Audience
$ c, p# P" x, o, Q" a7 V 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 l/ j3 o, f" H# H# H$ O1 J 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" _2 v* p- `0 y* s 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 k7 j% A7 P! ?8 y) k' Z
10. Newspapers and journals" e/ M) Y' n6 f/ n2 J
11. Records, radio, and television
# N0 a9 [ E- A4 ^: V 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ A# a5 P, s8 {) @
" Y5 k, @7 B) s1 m+ ^2 k8 E+ PGroup Representations1 y' n; b$ z8 H f& y: B
13. Deputations
: Y7 P V+ e$ _5 a 14. Mock awards0 I2 e& e, d v" H8 v
15. Group lobbying9 `( [' ?# [2 X0 Z' ^+ P7 e* i
16. Picketing9 x% ~# n m' a0 Y+ O. y
17. Mock elections
0 S$ P5 O% O- E3 [ N% J) Y! t
; ?# I- S) a# x4 O: cSymbolic Public Acts
$ G* I# A6 A$ R6 M# P7 Z5 A' | 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; o/ a4 S' L t" K1 w& Z/ H+ M
19. Wearing of symbols
3 p' _- D- G+ ?0 ?5 B! m& k 20. Prayer and worship9 c) E' K: L9 C7 ?$ F% d
21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ c$ O& \! ]) e+ U 22. Protest disrobings! D- C8 `% x0 |3 `/ b, P7 J
23. Destruction of own property/ d. X' L9 Y+ x6 N. p7 b+ p$ y
24. Symbolic lights+ Z. ]( j7 Q6 ~7 t0 M
25. Displays of portraits
]4 l" J) X! c0 |' f# U; m- x 26. Paint as protest: I( y5 F4 N. r$ A9 D! j; l) B
27. New signs and names. Y" N+ V9 k* K# g. }( y
28. Symbolic sounds6 g; h* B0 o D; n: d
29. Symbolic reclamations/ o; Y4 ?/ N0 z3 Y) Q X
30. Rude gestures, P. \2 _- V9 y3 z8 x# i/ J2 ~8 ~
; j0 n4 a5 J3 U- D% }( g: k
Pressures on Individuals& |: v. `. g$ q* h
31. “Haunting” officials9 X! |- f& a5 A7 Y( x7 {
32. Taunting officials
8 f+ A7 s) L% A/ Z8 r 33. Fraternization
3 }2 c* d' e# B! F* [7 \ 34. Vigils
4 [1 P& e4 C$ [* d3 j. w8 Y
8 A. w) A- |& w7 o. GDrama and Music
; h" `, w" W+ I8 c( `$ | 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 C- c; q* X; L7 w4 z 36. Performances of plays and music- ^$ C+ k0 y0 c6 a; L# p3 G
37. Singing
. o5 \, s" t! o6 ~0 @6 n3 d. [0 i# e! U6 a7 v
Processions0 Z- z8 X- U) e0 p& a# r
38. Marches
0 z# n w* r( [ 39. Parades
. e0 L! q. h3 D' k2 q 40. Religious processions
' e; S F D5 [" M' N) y 41. Pilgrimages, O- k' C1 Z: e% `; [+ E
42. Motorcades3 U- M6 I/ D3 {) X( q1 F) }& K
9 q7 d$ {; e0 k5 L
Honoring the Dead' ~5 M# v e! s0 t, v, e9 L
43. Political mourning
4 n+ c% e% z( U% ] 44. Mock funerals Q* V* I5 p8 ]& N# y8 p- Y) c
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ T6 G7 d& c. {1 A6 ` 46. Homage at burial places
' s) p; _% r% B" |/ E; V% ^9 g5 Y: ^) b( J+ ^3 n
Public Assemblies
8 R7 z4 ` S, y4 R( r 47. Assemblies of protest or support' X4 |5 R# e7 d$ P; E* |
48. Protest meetings
! ~+ k$ x3 b) T0 o4 d' o 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 g, H- F6 R6 X! r+ W8 T! {" O
50. Teach-ins+ O) Z- U( V }
0 x% L( g6 u) u; M- \
Withdrawal and Renunciation
2 n: r- Y/ g' v/ i3 N 51. Walk-outs
) d6 [2 W8 ~$ t9 c; ^5 G! _- S0 T 52. Silence/ N7 |1 o! |7 h5 R
53. Renouncing honors7 k0 p* p" B8 L9 T# V' m
54. Turning one’s back
; \0 A. u9 h9 c% d: V/ G
. V2 o" T# I+ M* D# K
# p# R0 j' U; _/ u) l' O' h0 }4 l2 ~2 e O r& a/ a2 o5 ]$ P
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 R$ \+ \3 r" o1 H$ ~9 `' M) Z2 q8 Z2 t' g& [3 [; R
I8 W' ]! a, D4 C. P
, W; ]2 H' e4 Y% G) q7 IOstracism of Persons) \8 C, Y) M+ L% M) y! q$ M
55. Social boycott
) _/ Y% P: C4 }4 S! h8 B! d 56. Selective social boycott- _" p# n8 Z" u1 }8 y9 i
57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 L. e: ^: z* _ 58. Excommunication& q3 f" w% s7 {
59. Interdict1 m! ^% ?" g) s6 S. M5 r# s( \
, x& D) s1 ?& ~! G+ wNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# g- `- c) L9 u0 m& N: y y3 E
60. Suspension of social and sports activities3 z, t8 |. u! u7 h4 k
61. Boycott of social affairs3 F; a) B8 T9 w+ K! v6 B
62. Student strike, e B8 a) W1 |; T4 `& O5 V
63. Social disobedience
" p& W( s- Q4 D" i4 V 64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ K5 {% P' G" d5 s0 R$ B
: |. f, K: a0 ^9 O4 ZWithdrawal from the Social System
" H4 c' U, K% } 65. Stay-at-home2 Y% ~: P* D4 `* s |
66. Total personal noncooperation
, O4 p. I4 z( b8 \/ k# b8 | 67. “Flight” of workers+ G( c1 o' g5 E3 _* t
68. Sanctuary
: c* E4 x, s( Z9 Q, Z( W 69. Collective disappearance3 D& u3 k0 |/ e/ Z* v w+ [9 Q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 F Z9 K# _: L8 B, V
9 P; \ f( ~" [0 p. \$ M/ } 4 F: }( _/ T9 s) m! C0 S
, ~. v! X, n) w4 l5 O4 _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 b3 t$ ~- E1 K* o& S1 n; N. d, ]
) N4 j5 r( U) y# l9 N) h6 l+ C8 m% f/ R 7 r6 K) g9 }9 |" E: }2 q
Actions by Consumers
" t) q |/ `& t; ]4 A 71. Consumers’ boycott
6 U- X1 w. P( J" p( {0 z6 R" e$ @ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ P" j9 M: O' w5 z# S 73. Policy of austerity
# F1 x/ v( h$ y; [ 74. Rent withholding
3 w5 F' v8 m' _0 m. T9 Y% n$ y 75. Refusal to rent2 e. F7 q0 ?9 c8 m( C6 k
76. National consumers’ boycott1 I8 [/ b: i) x" h* F5 s0 G
77. International consumers’ boycott n- t' j4 t$ W% Z
2 c$ Q2 M+ Y" i8 t' ^7 k. Y- [
Action by Workers and Producers
! L5 w1 O: {) f$ O/ F 78. Workmen’s boycott
+ G& z+ T5 k: R5 v 79. Producers’ boycott
, h+ O! s: H6 y. m( M0 k0 `+ y- x! `8 k( q( G5 G
Action by Middlemen
8 n# `5 O K K: O( d9 j( [1 Q* y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! s& R* e" p8 i$ D4 H, e
; {% M, L4 J# b; N% s2 q0 L5 E
Action by Owners and Management
& ^# M- s0 i( d 81. Traders’ boycott8 ^. U; y# u8 C: C5 c2 _
82. Refusal to let or sell property, \. H, S, N; `; P0 ~
83. Lockout/ J" N: k8 k+ z% r/ S
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! E- w: U1 X' X0 ]
85. Merchants’ “general strike”" F4 @) }8 Q Y! l) d8 s5 u% E
5 F' h; }2 ^) H, c1 F! ?
Action by Holders of Financial Resources+ ]7 |6 {3 U7 t# g
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ O' @; M N' i3 p* e6 X. t
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) n% @$ v$ B7 } ]8 H5 `
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
' L9 K% W8 j2 I* @3 _6 ~ 89. Severance of funds and credit
* w# M9 c8 h d* d! W/ U 90. Revenue refusal. O- Q1 E1 a2 ?0 w9 i: D1 B
91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 V" k+ [2 w7 `* R5 n) f* ?* u6 z8 W1 ?, f8 w
Action by Governments8 M }9 |$ ]7 J5 w
92. Domestic embargo
" B8 Y; v4 ^" N8 p+ W& C0 C 93. Blacklisting of traders* K% q7 X' c9 X/ z$ [
94. International sellers’ embargo2 ~1 p& U, {/ q, s- E1 A% G8 l
95. International buyers’ embargo
( M i4 u3 e% g: O 96. International trade embargo
$ Y; j+ b% y$ F9 z4 g7 ?
, b b: c0 n$ \6 p P2 n% Y
* O9 o/ k5 `) P+ [: X# X: l8 k/ C' K4 O3 T3 Z: E" t( t
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
1 \: P+ |6 G& M- c2 b: C, {+ d% o; x2 c
& _/ n6 f. U" J/ P, x" u4 b7 v+ H
Symbolic Strikes$ V3 V4 K" _( X) |$ d6 w6 A
97. Protest strike4 t% c# X0 i: ]- u& f! D
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 W f& }- J, K9 _. f1 R& q
! {/ `; o. {( N0 h/ x' P7 f
Agricultural Strikes$ d9 \- M5 G* A* _, p9 H
99. Peasant strike
1 u6 x. s% y( } E6 O 100. Farm Workers’ strike, M& f3 F0 ~- o% g" n
2 F: {3 r8 y% V: P& ~" x: m
Strikes by Special Groups
! P3 J/ {: i; X- N8 \+ Z 101. Refusal of impressed labor" k0 Z% v1 i+ a/ c
102. Prisoners’ strike
) A0 x! e( e9 E 103. Craft strike
; G- T: [7 k0 [ 104. Professional strike; B- T2 V% g. O) \
+ Y/ ~3 _9 w6 ^4 e5 r, X9 O
Ordinary Industrial Strikes8 ~$ E# D1 c- [* T$ y' p
105. Establishment strike, E! m( {: m4 n8 j; M9 ^
106. Industry strike! x$ t9 A) I/ o
107. Sympathetic strike4 T0 g; p, c* ~% ?/ _! d
8 p/ ^. e$ {5 @/ Z& A4 {+ rRestricted Strikes4 t0 u" i- q9 V: {9 ~1 u
108. Detailed strike
( r9 y% i8 {+ M7 S7 O* G% c 109. Bumper strike
9 R) m! d1 U3 l& y! [ 110. Slowdown strike
$ V3 d+ D8 x* N/ v5 R 111. Working-to-rule strike
. B) q9 X! T6 t$ a4 q2 P 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
g; x4 a5 |5 p2 ? `, [4 R 113. Strike by resignation
2 k1 e% {- [) |& q 114. Limited strike
" h! [# `9 L$ A* F; R 115. Selective strike* z/ @ P' X/ y
/ e- R8 Q# n% m* ^4 NMulti-Industry Strikes
$ \# a6 F/ I" B0 c$ _2 N" T8 W! Z. I7 z2 R2 q
116. Generalized strike
2 ^3 J, F1 _6 u5 J. H" B* o. h( }' w! _
117. General strike' ]& U: X( @( G1 d
7 f* m( Q. Y; g7 ?6 U* V
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 z& F$ [1 U/ N# B
" }$ M+ j- P: \9 A, H' Y9 Q7 r 118. Hartal0 k% E( e; _- H# ]+ Q( h
0 r( w1 |4 K" [* V, K' V: j( s
119. Economic shutdown" c+ o/ H/ Z5 f/ a+ O! W
, K4 e# p% A C* g( A0 N* [/ Z
& T" E+ Q* N( ?5 z
9 f1 I* u& h" ?' e- o6 ZTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ U4 u8 Q9 R; {3 G# U
) Q* t8 ?- }) k! |: }( C( K7 c6 Z
: N5 ~9 Q: F/ ERejection of Authority0 e5 [# Z. ` S
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% }2 |9 N* G# }! \; t 121. Refusal of public support: v+ t9 Z; f g. @0 P T, |) P- ^( A
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 \0 }8 {0 x) _6 m. U' E. F; S) y1 B3 v3 {8 q& F9 W6 }
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% s" R, }: b- | 123. Boycott of legislative bodies! u7 q2 a9 e. G1 D, P7 M8 Y
124. Boycott of elections
1 ]9 C& e4 C2 q1 j" f/ t' Z$ w0 W 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& O3 Y& t/ T( W2 I/ I8 _ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 Q* |6 r: y1 {# ]4 v& |0 z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! y8 f% Y7 G2 w; W 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; C2 z% Q# p. I! w 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 o9 ^3 Q z4 r- M% _8 M" G 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 O3 _0 ?0 X2 H0 O% z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 d& J+ O! [. [% j
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% h/ x7 R7 e- u% t- O6 i2 r
2 {9 x# t( J/ F: @- V" u8 I
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ d6 c# V: Q8 s0 }- f3 H. i- m+ D) n 133. Reluctant and slow compliance& d- S0 m7 H! z4 Q
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 |- d! {" `) T' _
135. Popular nonobedience
9 P; u T+ X, Q 136. Disguised disobedience
: v y: m3 I& u6 o3 H) y5 u0 d 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% Z, f- R5 a! k6 G& P 138. Sitdown
T* w5 G X1 u9 F0 S 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) U& ?4 f* T( y: i5 X
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! C; G# V/ a; L; ]5 r. C6 B
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, l6 J; {; ^% M$ V+ X% r4 {; t. m
# d1 V; `6 N% y3 S
Action by Government Personnel& s2 {6 [7 h9 @: j2 b! I& Y& _
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ p- Y2 q# L; l: `
143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 [( R' _7 F! |
144. Stalling and obstruction
, X' l5 W& h/ s+ l3 {% ?% e 145. General administrative noncooperation4 W2 N% E/ e: L5 f4 I
2 M" o6 L- A3 s# E5 c; Z 146. Judicial noncooperation$ L( z6 i3 W. n' k
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 z) C2 v' g8 ~1 f4 e: z 148. Mutiny
9 C: V# I/ l D/ s( iDomestic Governmental Action- {1 w' I- r$ d9 h3 }
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ W" d2 D3 v/ G, @9 s# _7 s4 O, o
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& Q# ?0 N# `8 j. H0 I! n
* A" L8 t7 s) b4 @" J- lInternational Governmental Action
& @3 n6 K- ?" U/ w' q2 ?9 R 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 e1 a$ J, r8 v& ] 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 L, R2 l7 T- | 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 u1 W+ O% @# Z, j
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ \; |: d6 M' G7 c8 z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( l) R; H" W( K 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! E8 m( K- S7 `2 E- b Y8 E* z 157. Expulsion from international organizations" k0 A/ G7 N8 {, O
% L. n) m0 [3 G: ?: E) ` & }# ~- L% E" G' k8 Z
L2 x- r5 n/ ^) {( R8 Y: \$ ]* BTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 }; P6 S" B" d5 d6 n
' b' a$ P3 T) Q' {4 z i
) U$ s/ e8 j5 M# u9 VPsychological Intervention
" y) X+ D8 Q- u' V( ?: q2 |0 x& P 158. Self-exposure to the elements
3 u3 U# f- @" A; Q; { 159. The fast6 L9 t8 A/ W1 o7 ?
a) Fast of moral pressure2 z, ?$ V: m' j, {( I/ L; C+ T9 Z% e
b) Hunger strike
+ | C: W1 k V' b7 a c) Satyagrahic fast
# s+ \8 }6 A7 U* }3 h 160. Reverse trial
2 g. r' J8 x4 K3 F) [ 161. Nonviolent harassment# I% F* |3 E, I2 N* r! B7 `3 [
& s- y& j c! ?% Y
Physical Intervention' P8 k; J" A- u$ z P
162. Sit-in- H- e2 J; X! x7 I
163. Stand-in
4 B* b7 F! j" w 164. Ride-in8 G% _, W M& o" Z
165. Wade-in& E9 \' x! ?$ T1 K+ {; R
166. Mill-in' \7 w# Y1 U% S# A
167. Pray-in# L$ s, b& @: a
168. Nonviolent raids* C+ d- q! W2 @: i$ E Y0 @
169. Nonviolent air raids& h9 o6 F7 T0 u0 ?
170. Nonviolent invasion
+ [ I% ], t6 ] 171. Nonviolent interjection' Z/ `/ l. r, O( L0 z- i V
172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 y5 N4 e' a( i M1 } 173. Nonviolent occupation
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n$ y* [+ j, e1 GSocial Intervention
, I8 C+ m# |2 Z1 ^7 G 174. Establishing new social patterns
7 z- x2 Q# B/ g, {+ c$ ?: t 175. Overloading of facilities
: V0 y* B" Y' @4 G- r6 n 176. Stall-in
, F! n5 O2 l$ ~4 R) F 177. Speak-in
4 @& N4 @" h, z& i/ u 178. Guerrilla theater
3 L( J4 }! j$ o2 ~# ? 179. Alternative social institutions! q+ _; T9 d' i
180. Alternative communication system' z4 v* k3 {% G) q0 e9 c9 f
u" ~# O, p7 f2 S- Y
Economic Intervention9 R# M a8 O' F* t
181. Reverse strike
5 v6 s8 [5 Z' I' q7 B- l 182. Stay-in strike2 N% \6 b2 _* t& n. e7 @) R
183. Nonviolent land seizure" C, [9 N& Y4 z2 g1 w4 S" F9 ~ z
184. Defiance of blockades
+ S" f2 u1 ^( n& x g+ e4 E* k 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 y/ U$ C: M0 W t! d; y
186. Preclusive purchasing
* y0 Q7 u7 ^: ?9 y) z. c! ? 187. Seizure of assets
, R4 j% Z/ u* |& H 188. Dumping: |4 F' d8 d; j
189. Selective patronage- c+ K6 j* C2 M2 B
190. Alternative markets2 U" J) u: S, ?* m
191. Alternative transportation systems
7 j3 S# P2 e5 d" ]- S 192. Alternative economic institutions$ d1 ]% u1 ?5 K6 e$ M" _
3 X5 e* M% P$ m) y3 F7 h5 @9 L" V+ ^
Political Intervention
/ @: L, d7 |3 D$ Y 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) ?) x3 Q: \, G 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( T$ t9 Y$ O% }! N 195. Seeking imprisonment( b/ U7 E2 t% s# }
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ I8 F6 O5 |6 O6 E& g3 @
197. Work-on without collaboration
9 z" x% s- ~8 ?" {7 U! { 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( h7 v% M) f5 h* I. t
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
