 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION4 D9 j8 D# k, ?6 O% c- A7 f1 J
Formal Statements
@/ w' H8 f/ d; X9 d- b4 E 1. Public Speeches
& k2 S* C2 v% C# t7 x 2. Letters of opposition or support
5 f1 r$ B1 p# {: R 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 ^# W# l2 u/ c' o. x4 K 4. Signed public statements
: ^5 n; Q% R. Y7 O 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% A4 r) p6 \. P# ?/ Q7 o* g 6. Group or mass petitions
$ X: _( W1 n9 [# v
: c& u& ?9 q# |+ YCommunications with a Wider Audience' U. z% C: U; n) D
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 ^% U( ]$ T! i1 A; L
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 I+ @ A6 p7 I: U( l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 h* f+ v. \! G$ p- i! u 10. Newspapers and journals1 ]3 T0 E) r9 h1 u: Z
11. Records, radio, and television
4 m! P3 O" O4 K e. D; X5 F5 u. w1 S 12. Skywriting and earthwriting \! k% N. ]4 D% Y+ k6 D7 f) C# \
: b4 f! L0 |) b/ \; yGroup Representations! B5 T# K, E' u8 s1 [
13. Deputations
$ }$ q$ ?% t7 z! o5 l0 q- c 14. Mock awards q, z) n& C4 A' h1 ?9 _$ Z" D
15. Group lobbying
3 [: C6 A) R0 z- z 16. Picketing( |' g* h7 f; U) p$ H
17. Mock elections! s! J7 B0 z) b& R3 u% i+ r5 l
, P$ @0 y% A4 z! ?
Symbolic Public Acts8 y. v. c- _! g- E. R3 W
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# Y+ n5 R. ^ M, w3 _
19. Wearing of symbols. L+ g+ q% ^: W, {: u: y6 V
20. Prayer and worship, u+ e0 s- s1 {9 D5 u0 j
21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 ^ |& ?( P% t+ b V* f 22. Protest disrobings
( |; Y5 u8 j4 X 23. Destruction of own property
; H6 N' G }/ D! E. n0 u9 h 24. Symbolic lights
) T. }6 D; E0 V* t/ Z9 g( c/ D$ t 25. Displays of portraits
: W7 Y' H( L) o 26. Paint as protest
5 `; [1 _2 I5 U3 v 27. New signs and names
. l2 J2 G8 O1 c- e% Q0 k 28. Symbolic sounds& o* A; i+ }: {- [7 `: n
29. Symbolic reclamations# j' U1 v- B; s) \! K( {. {) B( D
30. Rude gestures
, }: g. i; r% O4 _. P/ Q2 f4 N& v& F2 k1 M
Pressures on Individuals
1 ^- |1 J4 r% E, Y& z 31. “Haunting” officials& H; B @7 V0 J0 b+ H! A
32. Taunting officials
- K8 j. C5 I+ d! c% T: I+ Y" E/ W# } 33. Fraternization, Q& }: N4 t9 i' |7 D& t* Y# a$ ]1 p
34. Vigils
+ E7 w. o* B* Q" B
" i$ D# u/ G) r& S/ e) Q8 yDrama and Music. G0 R* j. t3 |& d# B: ~$ E* J
35. Humorous skits and pranks' t2 v7 C6 s7 c% i5 u% O
36. Performances of plays and music; j( C( ]" e8 B$ L
37. Singing$ ]( O+ S X, {
Y ?$ _! |2 d ]9 _Processions" d+ r$ S- o6 D) J
38. Marches7 D9 @8 k# m! `+ C+ B9 {
39. Parades
1 ~2 U# w( n. L- u" \3 _9 N1 V 40. Religious processions
# w1 J" X! J; X; |- w; G3 S 41. Pilgrimages$ S0 A7 v+ ^0 ~2 L! f- }
42. Motorcades
5 @* `, H/ S7 R( v; v3 B& L9 e( J- d, {# r$ S9 b) x
Honoring the Dead o9 ?; d* p( l* S3 a
43. Political mourning3 D$ r. M# P6 n6 z6 {0 F
44. Mock funerals; r* I2 l* [. W. ^. _3 [
45. Demonstrative funerals6 j9 a0 Y v5 M1 h( r
46. Homage at burial places
) b0 ~2 N: n2 |1 S$ g" }4 H( A
, C1 [* d1 V- s- e) l5 s) UPublic Assemblies
0 R% l) C' c- {& a# A 47. Assemblies of protest or support1 b2 X1 N% Y; r5 Z0 n
48. Protest meetings- S. f) u. a& f: [+ Q! ~. N
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 b8 z* T) g' p! M$ a5 i
50. Teach-ins
* J" b4 x+ ?/ q) S% x8 e5 \/ U
5 O& U5 k3 K$ O" p6 }5 N# v! eWithdrawal and Renunciation$ ~1 U& H5 G* g) |
51. Walk-outs
8 a- r h0 B0 j. F 52. Silence; c3 U" T5 |# \& b! A# ?0 p7 d* w
53. Renouncing honors
4 ~( e/ L2 R, @ 54. Turning one’s back
9 @, d0 t: H, R- _) f# t- s% M2 m& O6 w/ S, Z6 Q5 O1 [
& W% p# m; T' S9 ]) K1 q! Q/ ]. o% a0 W3 L. q M
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 }4 ^5 u# a8 E- ?1 c. e z! A* v8 V; d0 x+ r& l* y5 U' q
7 Y; [/ l' b0 u# ^. |1 D, I) T7 L5 X; M# X' [; Z
Ostracism of Persons
5 C3 w' F2 @) E( T' K* A: p 55. Social boycott
' ]! r' v w9 v- i+ d& n' q6 p/ G _ 56. Selective social boycott
- k8 {/ u0 w7 A' l: Z4 d% m: T( u( X 57. Lysistratic nonaction3 U" q5 M- _/ }- T
58. Excommunication( [2 w2 u2 ]0 e0 E( Q( L6 m8 U
59. Interdict
- F4 s0 m0 g8 e' q' f Y( q
$ D" O& `( ~& \: o; Q. t* F' kNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. ~- q5 V3 w9 O8 r( I C
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 P& E, X p$ Z) ^ l/ K2 k, j 61. Boycott of social affairs
0 N& @; }! V- Y# o, G0 i$ A( P 62. Student strike/ k o& o1 J/ ^/ A6 \$ |( T1 T
63. Social disobedience7 v0 g6 @" `, {
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 h2 s# R8 ?" Y3 |; U" C+ v
( C2 ?( E5 ^ [4 PWithdrawal from the Social System% [$ |3 `$ @3 |( \. H* Z
65. Stay-at-home( @( n1 r/ ?. E2 G0 g
66. Total personal noncooperation( J3 R c# w2 ]8 C
67. “Flight” of workers8 l6 w a3 Q9 Q2 j' f6 l! Q& S
68. Sanctuary- }, \( R5 E4 {7 q6 y w, Y, c( m
69. Collective disappearance
0 }% e' C! v1 Y. @- y( w+ P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)/ \" b, o. j7 \7 u$ T
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" _& T# n! l- ]. m- y+ E
7 v7 [ t7 A, s
) C2 U4 j3 y! SActions by Consumers
& B& C% U; |2 ^. } e* E, B; x9 t 71. Consumers’ boycott
" e" V: \* r- q4 C6 \1 G" b- P 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 F7 {: G% d4 a; ]0 s" @ 73. Policy of austerity6 U* n& y, o5 q: A
74. Rent withholding! }* c, C7 y: e! e
75. Refusal to rent
$ A; t/ X( E& N% k 76. National consumers’ boycott1 t- u0 n. s6 l1 e/ k$ Y! [4 Y" w) u
77. International consumers’ boycott
, ^7 w! |2 o0 ^
" G$ s8 Z% i' Y' d5 K g% p$ CAction by Workers and Producers6 l, ]" | d% x: h
78. Workmen’s boycott- F8 Q3 e1 v# q% O2 z
79. Producers’ boycott
$ X; o4 x4 t# k
+ j+ b% E, l, Q( U6 F' I& fAction by Middlemen& s1 k6 |9 z6 B/ k) l' |
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* U8 t6 W% q5 e8 c9 y9 U
3 y/ k3 w8 p' D' [+ w' QAction by Owners and Management
: ]+ j" S. `% W/ J 81. Traders’ boycott! q3 {( D2 O: y! U
82. Refusal to let or sell property
* |' J. w$ Z3 ^- b 83. Lockout. o" V/ K5 t. L' }3 U
84. Refusal of industrial assistance+ q- h5 b: Q8 e3 }3 k& m$ X
85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 _7 j5 n9 S! \& `1 h
7 t- W+ |. p! r$ t9 R4 N% i" ^8 M
Action by Holders of Financial Resources5 Y9 R+ \/ P2 o* C% E
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 E: `" @% h; n" U2 k" K8 p9 S, E 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( t% ~: o3 p) Y$ x% I+ {5 T
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: a5 W, a2 `; s. F 89. Severance of funds and credit t0 R9 v- \' ]/ y; W
90. Revenue refusal
3 G) ^0 e* S3 I' d) g 91. Refusal of a government’s money5 n3 m; G+ X5 E" ~/ t* h1 ?# U, S
! J/ c$ B$ o4 a8 f, X% I; @Action by Governments
; z, f4 D) w' j( a0 z; \ 92. Domestic embargo" d# x D- G/ V9 T- Y( t3 u
93. Blacklisting of traders
& Q; G3 o5 e7 a" A/ y% [ 94. International sellers’ embargo
3 Q6 E$ g s8 [6 l1 b6 _5 F. k* H 95. International buyers’ embargo
- }! `5 f* N) k' N+ m 96. International trade embargo
2 u O" Y5 Q# j, K: ~; J6 |
6 v; r$ _; H4 q2 ^& \ ! m- k% x9 z! o
* B k4 m9 |% h& `5 t* qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( j8 i+ O. v) u$ q. i0 F4 H2 I
5 a+ U- P% _$ Y' i1 O
' T3 n0 h& @# N( NSymbolic Strikes7 X* k- W+ L0 I5 A3 w
97. Protest strike
8 t- ^1 J# _& k- ] 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! F- M+ ?6 g) ~+ Q/ ]5 ]" S/ L
c) S- R8 p. U/ i6 e- |8 cAgricultural Strikes
& F1 p4 F" h( K 99. Peasant strike
2 Z# a+ V7 W' Y2 `" I, C 100. Farm Workers’ strike: C5 K' `2 Z8 o
& O" B. \: \ a: }) BStrikes by Special Groups
2 z7 d- E' q% }) L; `! m 101. Refusal of impressed labor" B' f. x" k/ k4 u2 `+ B& `* ?8 J K
102. Prisoners’ strike% Q' n& M `% o4 D# ~ o3 \" c
103. Craft strike
) c ^* O; z6 A; S+ ~( R# [, I 104. Professional strike
* ~( F% }! V+ E1 e( L+ `0 z0 ^3 z% V* C- `! V/ A, h) r0 N# o2 p+ O7 ^
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
6 k( D9 G. i& s* X4 t 105. Establishment strike
$ E, {, N( V, j0 c4 l+ u4 A1 j; q 106. Industry strike
O9 ?& H* Y! Y" M* S$ {! P 107. Sympathetic strike
8 ^+ M& F7 C/ H" c% S0 \9 d) l' s3 I8 u9 R
Restricted Strikes
3 j4 K( u: ]) U1 b 108. Detailed strike+ Y# B- J# [/ R# T) _9 ]
109. Bumper strike+ m6 h1 C! @) ?' L6 |2 g
110. Slowdown strike
+ r2 s+ o; P) U+ W 111. Working-to-rule strike
$ k4 L+ ^/ T0 o* ]+ L 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 D& G% G0 U. n& [3 @ 113. Strike by resignation) R' z9 e) S, ]. p" z) R
114. Limited strike6 A* q9 k) G' Y4 M; n
115. Selective strike
( n9 ~0 X7 l8 s
7 K( w5 p0 ]' R0 {& J! {9 RMulti-Industry Strikes
4 t$ s* ^; Y, h7 h4 B5 t: @( k9 P# A
116. Generalized strike! }; n: @/ t& p& c/ z* [5 S& @, Y9 e
+ y7 a- _" t6 Y" N 117. General strike+ Y9 l& \- I8 Q/ n0 l$ P8 Z7 S- Y
1 ]1 t( X' v c" L4 DCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 M9 c0 ]4 g3 L7 j! z- ^
$ ~" U4 K- M$ v
118. Hartal/ ~5 \# K4 S5 {
1 ^1 T1 @' C: J 119. Economic shutdown9 d6 \" L$ @- w5 J; ]! g% n
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$ b" e3 Q; ~# PTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* D! k9 \, P2 {/ j7 {
a7 I7 ]/ b" l3 R1 V % T& D: b/ Q/ x1 E+ n% r! ]
Rejection of Authority
: z1 ?2 U. E F, Y0 T 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
?; e2 s; p7 y1 X' `$ e" \ 121. Refusal of public support( G4 W; q# S+ \0 l
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- T5 H% x' r8 f9 o' b# }$ Z u
! N2 t8 c% W% O5 k. P' U# u+ K, d VCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 {2 k6 v" l+ l# Y: N0 h$ }
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# m9 ?) n, Y7 _" \% Z0 f1 r 124. Boycott of elections; r2 ]: }4 z1 g
125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 a S& |. Q5 `( \" T
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% y1 U( ^8 D& C: v0 f* ^5 P2 Q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 L* S2 H+ ^! i2 W 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations3 ^7 M' [5 K/ N1 J2 u* l
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 l1 m9 e( O" E; |# F 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 ? Z/ Z+ V; P* W; r+ {+ k2 Q0 J 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 ]) ~. c( j- ]# a" n7 ~
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ _3 D2 R1 |6 A4 ^0 L' T/ K( \
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ y O0 \& @/ |& K( p' s$ n
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- n; ~2 R9 V5 W8 m" Q1 D2 i& _ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ B# g. S( d6 q 135. Popular nonobedience3 c9 ~" C& ~; O1 z) S Z, P
136. Disguised disobedience
5 y: Y5 m8 `8 C/ _, v 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse r g9 ~5 Y0 V, D' b* d; T3 i6 i
138. Sitdown6 B, d5 l6 r G( B
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% \. r4 x& u5 ~6 d8 r( F
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 H4 y. i |( m& L$ N
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% v w8 g: n* X5 D( f0 I4 U6 E4 b
; R3 f9 } {8 ^4 PAction by Government Personnel' i" w( p a" T$ Z/ v( ?, A7 O
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 z7 r. Q7 F4 [( M- ?. | 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
7 n2 f1 u) L, `1 u, p1 ?( | 144. Stalling and obstruction
1 n$ m4 h* M( f0 E; m 145. General administrative noncooperation3 q K/ \2 k4 I6 \- s
' t, [ Q; Z! r0 V# } r9 i; k
146. Judicial noncooperation3 O3 r7 r5 e/ K+ Q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# |6 _. Q; y, T* O- M* }1 l# R3 k 148. Mutiny& V8 N' D; l* k* u
Domestic Governmental Action
, H' j& \- m. K! ]$ U) R/ }0 X. k 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" I1 H O$ y& D# A+ o! J
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! l; [4 Y: Y0 _. H+ K4 n" `8 s0 D- L( K) Z) M
International Governmental Action
6 d' p% Q+ Y, M. V# g 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 u5 A0 l0 r5 p2 ~1 }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ @+ e$ R' i+ q x+ S- Z; b t 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! P! V: v& r8 @* F+ u3 y8 t% n 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' L! D3 V, |9 Q& V/ H: U, b
155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 S/ ]0 b9 x! V& @
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* Z2 y1 w4 X3 F
157. Expulsion from international organizations
* ^3 ?. L+ x6 f( t/ T
0 K* I1 q: h0 Z 7 r; ~+ m( ?6 Q# z# l$ \
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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5 `" O4 c: r1 M) o8 @4 w0 [Psychological Intervention# [8 c# B' n$ q% b" S
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- b. W6 g7 @3 e 159. The fast) x `, M! M: n8 ]% O
a) Fast of moral pressure) i& ]# H* ?: }# T+ X
b) Hunger strike6 R( G8 n$ R/ i
c) Satyagrahic fast
' b0 E/ V( }% w4 V6 B4 { 160. Reverse trial) X5 B2 h; r8 f S
161. Nonviolent harassment* }# v. Q8 R) J N; k
5 G$ T! P6 K; Z) w, \- m8 mPhysical Intervention
Y% Y$ E# c8 q. Z 162. Sit-in
; b* N8 W' e. R 163. Stand-in
8 Y' ]# s: J4 i3 x+ \" n 164. Ride-in
; p" r4 _: e" E5 Y1 w 165. Wade-in# G* z$ C& w. @2 K5 n" f
166. Mill-in
9 A, }' U( g$ { 167. Pray-in
, z. \( t- l$ ?8 I! Y {, A 168. Nonviolent raids8 R1 u3 W3 d3 k( a
169. Nonviolent air raids8 B, @0 W5 K1 C" R: g
170. Nonviolent invasion
/ g6 W, X* M) J; I) l$ R) F 171. Nonviolent interjection
, C% a2 ~1 E# D1 O U 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! A1 n/ H s \ 173. Nonviolent occupation
0 H( i4 o0 g) G, S; M; D! E
$ p8 g4 @6 G) F' m$ S. L9 w+ R, Y. ASocial Intervention& t4 Q: W7 d) p' V/ N: ^
174. Establishing new social patterns
0 S$ F6 [$ D6 c6 a7 Y# T! M% N 175. Overloading of facilities& A' b. K5 K' P& V$ x" R1 ]
176. Stall-in" X. \+ X1 s7 z
177. Speak-in) P1 z& D0 x! h. A; S, a7 D; x
178. Guerrilla theater
# b. N x0 k- p; {) U: } 179. Alternative social institutions
" a6 N1 G& @4 b 180. Alternative communication system% O! u& N/ |9 y5 S( [( r% _/ K
/ V) C0 J M3 R1 Z4 y; v5 _/ I K hEconomic Intervention
3 Y p2 h4 p( @$ _ 181. Reverse strike
( F( _5 U8 c% z5 m5 A1 C3 X 182. Stay-in strike
5 s8 V3 n a9 f: i1 x8 c 183. Nonviolent land seizure$ f; T+ y! s7 m% ]- d4 f @
184. Defiance of blockades8 y6 W4 R* ^$ S) a ~
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
* A. q) I% I6 b$ P 186. Preclusive purchasing
! T. v3 z) `4 f: j! m) ~0 ] 187. Seizure of assets, g' p# x2 f8 \/ S
188. Dumping8 |6 Y. @( o \: a% f |% p3 D4 G
189. Selective patronage, B0 I8 z/ N- z N
190. Alternative markets
* U( Q8 i" z' u& T( a1 Y 191. Alternative transportation systems
6 ]( {3 ~1 [8 U# f* r3 o 192. Alternative economic institutions
) A3 E+ i; d: Z5 @' l$ O \' q1 G0 S4 s( ^! l/ J
Political Intervention) Q w5 J: N( ? t
193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 k* E8 P7 G% S$ @) k 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 f/ `- ~, ?6 L/ R5 w 195. Seeking imprisonment
& K( ~4 _+ C5 X) z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 b4 `; ~/ Q0 A T% B7 C' B
197. Work-on without collaboration2 x& P$ |# S" V$ I* I9 r
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
