 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 M6 h6 A" b/ E- H, p3 \1 cFormal Statements5 a, f' K' k$ k- {# D# M. W. ~
1. Public Speeches2 `6 l- W3 \4 p" O6 F5 A
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ D1 K4 \6 @6 K9 Z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions5 k) s% K6 ?9 \! O* t7 q$ q# K1 T
4. Signed public statements
8 b5 S4 D0 S* J% U I: z: z4 R 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. k3 X7 f/ W: {6 J' }9 d. [ 6. Group or mass petitions1 ^/ a) |* P# W/ _/ @0 h: }
2 |& \0 E! Z4 i; S: X$ C! ]% c4 k/ fCommunications with a Wider Audience) J' R* v& O9 d% u% e
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. r& l# g* ?) t# k; C v, l
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% U& J' {" E0 P# Y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( ]& K; j( x' x$ j7 h) ~1 Z 10. Newspapers and journals
4 f! L: Z: ~. P0 g4 O+ g! A1 S 11. Records, radio, and television r3 v7 h' n# o8 [1 a. s
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 ^3 I0 \/ }! Y1 a. q4 r
1 d- y! B8 r) P: Y; E! q( jGroup Representations9 ?+ w# B' K' J
13. Deputations! {8 ~4 k9 l1 W2 T( t: R
14. Mock awards1 g( d& m- ? _# X. U' W3 \
15. Group lobbying
R. f2 J2 z d5 F3 ^) f s$ ^ 16. Picketing k' A9 R ^( d
17. Mock elections9 ~1 S/ P0 h! K7 D" Z1 [4 w7 V" e: r; Q
. Y- J) T, S+ u1 H3 f2 G$ aSymbolic Public Acts
: q* H6 s6 F& o2 g3 h 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ Y d1 r; E1 |) c1 P
19. Wearing of symbols
; t: |) v/ B7 V% N- V+ H8 f 20. Prayer and worship
( o4 N- Q' K$ }$ O# k+ j5 F1 E 21. Delivering symbolic objects' f( F9 H- n$ |9 S
22. Protest disrobings
- V7 G+ G( K2 M. z% k 23. Destruction of own property
6 L7 u' [( B7 E( Y/ w. X 24. Symbolic lights) Y% u) Q) _5 g1 l
25. Displays of portraits; [$ W! d. r! }
26. Paint as protest1 H$ G% }1 ` W
27. New signs and names
; c0 g* ?1 L1 [6 L5 O3 v0 s 28. Symbolic sounds* N, u0 H8 Z6 e( v3 D# a- U
29. Symbolic reclamations( K: B: @% u, U& g" W: N1 s
30. Rude gestures# ]/ V; S! [4 \0 [) Y
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Pressures on Individuals
' }1 a. Y/ H( E, ^- O- p% U! ?9 s. c* J 31. “Haunting” officials
& E- h5 V% @9 F* L# A 32. Taunting officials
* G% n7 E& h3 p, p6 v3 Z/ H 33. Fraternization: H7 H3 [( h8 s7 y" w0 H
34. Vigils9 a. a" N! H) A* B
2 o' J2 T1 u; I' R: r9 h2 U
Drama and Music# Y, s) G& v' g1 \% h3 ?- B/ |
35. Humorous skits and pranks2 |* c$ ^# W/ N6 o" t$ E+ D5 d& b
36. Performances of plays and music9 a8 A3 Q) g5 C8 G* W. n0 Q' ~
37. Singing
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Processions- ]- }& ]( u5 ]" Z1 F; }% C/ \
38. Marches3 y E# [& S+ p8 U
39. Parades c5 B: o; b, @
40. Religious processions7 |8 G9 r4 C' G$ X; b, l# q
41. Pilgrimages
4 ^# P$ k8 q8 g: F$ t 42. Motorcades2 ~# J" P7 [0 b
) W6 X; K* Y; |! sHonoring the Dead
/ Y* P J* Y" { T7 ^2 X# w 43. Political mourning. K: A# D9 M. l8 n& `% Y
44. Mock funerals" r0 X6 D+ t2 l- o7 L9 V$ y
45. Demonstrative funerals
2 ?% F% |# K7 x( j 46. Homage at burial places7 M: T9 F( Y9 r- b e8 Q
2 G+ Y* x+ Z5 A7 Z. `Public Assemblies) m* D" A1 d4 ?' @+ m
47. Assemblies of protest or support6 Z- ?4 J% a! }+ j6 B
48. Protest meetings
# Z+ b$ J# ]' p 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 {' W. e! e4 l' O3 L- a
50. Teach-ins- F, ]6 r, D. R2 x* o1 V
& a. N- w5 ]7 O. s6 JWithdrawal and Renunciation
5 E! f3 V1 b Q3 a7 f 51. Walk-outs: g6 r- e) K! Q; E
52. Silence4 j$ J0 K6 Q" I- m
53. Renouncing honors
* _0 a9 i" Y# N5 v+ s) A J 54. Turning one’s back& r. r: _+ S3 ?& a' X
F2 X1 p7 Q7 t2 I' }( E/ p
6 I% V0 k* a, I- [$ S5 [$ M& q/ u+ H( s6 X
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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. Q: F1 N% |1 A. T& bOstracism of Persons0 O1 H+ R2 ~5 D( k" U P5 ]* [7 u. G
55. Social boycott. u( B2 m4 |$ i- m# \
56. Selective social boycott
$ ~7 N& [4 q- Y9 b 57. Lysistratic nonaction# w9 V# }, u' m9 t7 ^- I
58. Excommunication
6 H1 J4 |) I& @) H 59. Interdict9 h S/ }2 t: ^3 V0 s
6 z! F$ {% R8 t# K, k9 ]9 CNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" d I+ l5 C7 U0 x& t 60. Suspension of social and sports activities& n1 o6 c$ A8 | `/ T9 B+ C# Y
61. Boycott of social affairs
6 A# \, _. J2 v* [4 Q/ i 62. Student strike
" m: c$ _5 T8 Z, j7 y 63. Social disobedience q" E8 y* Z% X+ G
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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9 c' X! d! m: P! l( p# UWithdrawal from the Social System
" U" J* ?( u }4 B9 u5 d 65. Stay-at-home9 \4 a! X; [8 i+ P
66. Total personal noncooperation
; F0 x2 D" a; N% g, y( Q 67. “Flight” of workers5 M2 B: x# `$ x9 Q- N
68. Sanctuary- `( j% ~# [! u# }
69. Collective disappearance
6 S' b5 H8 v. V8 O$ B) `; S0 `7 b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 w; |3 ]# W- k6 f+ F* T0 |
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4 O n" r( `; i; tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS, N: B: w2 m# a G ?7 c1 O
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5 D1 ?" V" S! TActions by Consumers
* F: A1 a# z* m8 r& Q 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 s6 O% o! L4 t: z' A2 ~5 y8 w 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( M" E% d, a7 I 73. Policy of austerity/ X* G U; s6 B, ~- D! V- ]5 e1 C# C
74. Rent withholding
+ Y3 k" q* y! r, f2 B 75. Refusal to rent
5 [( r7 a! V* v+ y% d 76. National consumers’ boycott1 Z, W0 B/ ~0 K, \6 Y- w
77. International consumers’ boycott T+ O+ J) X* M- o
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Action by Workers and Producers
$ t; i: u$ S( O. }) e: S 78. Workmen’s boycott
* _) G w; ^ e 79. Producers’ boycott% _0 _+ c4 U8 Z& Y. b7 W5 ^! Y
$ D5 u7 U+ \' `* Y* r, |5 YAction by Middlemen
5 d6 K7 {2 g" [$ C: L K: ?) m2 S f1 J 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management. q5 Y6 l l5 v: O# N; P
81. Traders’ boycott
& Y7 T! C4 _1 p+ l' [/ y& k* @ 82. Refusal to let or sell property* n! I8 i8 a- k1 a8 C6 \. o( b+ i
83. Lockout9 A- T, p' Q2 C% T) Y! a
84. Refusal of industrial assistance+ o2 x3 z% P- X+ ]2 w5 `
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
* C# x0 k3 a; g- K0 ?# h7 H: J) o 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 D9 s" [$ [% c) x/ _7 d
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' \0 E9 O L) _) K
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 S2 F. `# T+ i6 {7 }( o
89. Severance of funds and credit' q" ]7 p; r6 O( m- B+ w/ \6 s
90. Revenue refusal
+ T" ^! s& g! y$ \ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
, d5 V- S o$ h3 B u 92. Domestic embargo7 Z7 i( @1 X; [4 M' ]! m1 v
93. Blacklisting of traders ~$ T* b* D/ H! i: `# K( N
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 G4 u. } Q- |5 V% h 95. International buyers’ embargo0 X' Q6 |' \( D, X; A
96. International trade embargo: I: k3 e3 _7 {. S9 i7 Q4 o- D4 g6 X( s
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- U+ T" T/ t! c" q4 {( s/ ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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! X# h; L8 G, ESymbolic Strikes q, a% f- ?( | W
97. Protest strike9 u2 X/ p" q, [' r, X* b
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) m. q3 A$ @1 J3 s7 J
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Agricultural Strikes) @% |6 I' j+ b0 @( ?, w7 s
99. Peasant strike
$ e- z1 w9 y) P5 {# s* J 100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 Y' l5 N d. F5 d* ^4 i: ]4 F0 U. `% r) {; u5 Q/ a% U
Strikes by Special Groups
, v7 }( |- D/ Y( w, k0 b6 | 101. Refusal of impressed labor) B2 q% s) _7 e; L
102. Prisoners’ strike3 Q, l/ I! w2 Z. {
103. Craft strike2 M3 a9 c* u+ @+ X0 [1 x# _) {# Y
104. Professional strike
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes1 o2 D& b. f2 w+ v7 g0 h/ U- J
105. Establishment strike
; X4 v% e D& C 106. Industry strike
( c2 I2 l5 v& q' A) ?, P$ H+ r* o( C 107. Sympathetic strike# i0 |: F, o+ C
8 C% ~% @ ?0 K+ D3 j' BRestricted Strikes! [8 h( G) m. I3 u# _: E# b+ c
108. Detailed strike
* a K. h* J; s# Z2 ?- c: A 109. Bumper strike
5 H4 P. k) G# h l 110. Slowdown strike! ~7 o' y3 A1 M: K
111. Working-to-rule strike' L/ i, w1 u" K) O2 n
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
# {7 _, G% M5 w0 Z* v7 i 113. Strike by resignation
$ D; y; D7 @1 B! X, b 114. Limited strike
# b" r$ }, N! k w 115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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1 n0 a' X, k6 [5 t5 C4 N 118. Hartal
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. y7 F# U$ y: g8 I/ C 119. Economic shutdown
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Z$ Z$ D) G/ r' `& TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ J# q9 v$ ^, W1 e; lRejection of Authority
3 o1 E$ H2 \0 A- ~& E1 x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance k- t( g# {$ ]) |* l; e
121. Refusal of public support
1 L% G! R; ?. t0 U$ M* {8 I, X 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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; l. m# u n& E! X3 ]Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: a* d& E k$ J 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" r) i( P( D, l6 D/ Y
124. Boycott of elections! d' y/ i. m' _( f; i" ?: i, M
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 m/ e9 T1 ~3 ^9 H& n7 m j 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 Y/ l8 _5 E7 z4 Y0 H) y2 }7 g 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions. b/ V2 x5 H8 c0 B/ z' _ r
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, c& m, l* A/ n/ G: p! [, @ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 Y/ T+ j9 W7 T8 N! c1 D4 ^ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ q# W: Y. m6 \+ M
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) n: ^# m1 s! ~ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions* k; D0 x' u, b. ]9 G
# J$ b: @* U7 h$ y% p6 T; X: ?. Y+ C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ X: ~) D; U* D9 |& o 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 h* y5 ^6 e- _! [7 E: v 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 S$ S/ s! e5 V5 s0 s 135. Popular nonobedience
: b0 M, b. W4 B! G 136. Disguised disobedience* |) z- Q8 W; \1 C# n6 d
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ F6 m5 j) W ?
138. Sitdown
) ~8 b5 o- o' \4 w 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' D1 `) U' Y: T( ?% b1 ^ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- c2 _/ M# Z- H* u7 g( _& l 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 ?) `5 E g' ^0 R! d9 g
' J8 E8 M r w+ D; V$ _Action by Government Personnel
, ]6 J, c, R6 G/ U% s 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: \. H% }- d) D 143. Blocking of lines of command and information* h, s7 j4 ~2 x6 R/ _% ]
144. Stalling and obstruction2 ^9 D4 P, `2 f- b7 o/ m
145. General administrative noncooperation
5 |, I1 q# n! }- ^4 c- Y. \! i! k5 y
146. Judicial noncooperation
w4 j. d% h. \6 _ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
: x2 T/ n/ k6 C 148. Mutiny6 B4 R4 H7 K2 T7 l2 L, B M- t
Domestic Governmental Action, C, [; I% [* L6 l
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ |) z. m: T* T d
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 \$ v8 X- j' F
, |/ p1 S' h2 j7 ~+ y; g& H+ HInternational Governmental Action
/ G" o8 m3 s, S; n 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations N! j. B( j4 X3 S9 a
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% _$ w+ m6 j4 O& n( o5 a
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ i' C: R; v2 y- E7 O- H% B
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 L, q1 X# g7 e4 s+ x6 Q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ ]. ~' d' F! g7 N( V+ e5 z+ U# V4 p
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; r5 u t) P8 }
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention( @# K R% F, N( a+ _( G
158. Self-exposure to the elements1 j- L4 y6 r& a. q0 @/ d: U9 P' I
159. The fast
. J3 C0 f# F4 y: ^! z7 x a) Fast of moral pressure
# p- l( v8 M9 J ^ b) Hunger strike
5 j# a( h6 B' \, [! K# p c) Satyagrahic fast+ k5 U: T* _# ]! S; S7 Q8 X
160. Reverse trial
7 D! w ~5 T" Y 161. Nonviolent harassment1 @9 R- }2 B2 B% ~% m9 g0 E
d. F9 b4 M; KPhysical Intervention- R7 p- `; @( w
162. Sit-in
! k, v: ]/ c4 ]' a, d W) d) N* }( } 163. Stand-in
' s, x2 \; z) c6 Q& L8 f. H 164. Ride-in9 N, |! b8 ^5 G' b
165. Wade-in8 D% c% _ i( u @
166. Mill-in+ Y# ]" w' w# m& h
167. Pray-in" a7 _$ v' q/ ~% x( @2 ]1 F
168. Nonviolent raids
& [% D: Q6 w8 U) e9 ^2 s 169. Nonviolent air raids
1 S% k7 V( y" S# h: [. | 170. Nonviolent invasion
$ C' _4 ^: c" b. q. n' A8 o 171. Nonviolent interjection
; `8 o) t5 R2 @! A7 Y 172. Nonviolent obstruction* O7 e C" a7 e& d( r) `9 H9 m
173. Nonviolent occupation" ]# b. t; a( `1 k
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Social Intervention
6 N7 `9 a8 s9 m1 X* v6 d* h# F 174. Establishing new social patterns
+ ]/ g# \0 | Q% B 175. Overloading of facilities
O. e9 P; }4 q, ?/ L# ~- T 176. Stall-in
: w7 F$ L2 f+ }+ R0 a* S 177. Speak-in
: y: L/ ^+ j3 a, C- ~3 t1 @ 178. Guerrilla theater
, d) i Z; h2 R# ?4 k 179. Alternative social institutions
3 W% c, G- ^3 w/ \# }2 f0 D c 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention& G6 i1 A+ D* \, x5 ^
181. Reverse strike
1 G" A' D* Z: ?) V 182. Stay-in strike
9 U1 W+ a3 G8 ]2 M+ @" a 183. Nonviolent land seizure& a# E! V" P7 c0 V
184. Defiance of blockades4 g' S1 j5 C8 V" |# N8 K
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- _; W0 a( {9 s% Z0 G; ]
186. Preclusive purchasing) I; p6 I: i8 |# ~: @* q
187. Seizure of assets
' c! l' K) w/ A- f/ d 188. Dumping
0 z5 B! t: n( ^ t+ C- p d 189. Selective patronage7 j: `9 B' J! g9 @9 E
190. Alternative markets; z2 H# m! f, _4 K) @5 g$ Q
191. Alternative transportation systems$ @2 A6 z9 N4 B- m
192. Alternative economic institutions
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) ] A. H, {2 p) OPolitical Intervention
" R" J D0 V) W! ?$ H 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) ?) E& \4 g# A3 o/ i, n/ Y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents6 n! v' ^1 |* {# w `. O
195. Seeking imprisonment
+ m$ l( {0 f" I. @8 l) e 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 m: w' N; A `; l3 L* Z/ i6 v 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 T9 v/ ?4 s) t' ~ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" D2 D8 x# ^$ \3 R) I/ n# T# Z. E) s
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
