 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
2 [* Y( F) U$ H% F, w' `Formal Statements
5 a3 t# G( p, j" C 1. Public Speeches3 A+ z, u3 e& k' z7 A! C/ _5 Y
2. Letters of opposition or support* w0 R2 `) \4 J0 ]0 N* h1 s9 N; X
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
E" [; E" O" }. H 4. Signed public statements
% @5 R$ ^& h @6 Y" w 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& A+ M4 P1 G/ M4 K8 S' a 6. Group or mass petitions$ L# a+ N: m( u. k0 S0 W' A" j" w7 y) _: |
- i6 m2 s# Q$ h( U
Communications with a Wider Audience- Q5 c8 L' w- |
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; A5 C% s1 q4 N) e9 I& s+ s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% k) O: B6 r: p9 b, P
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 ^6 ?0 ?. u# P# }$ A# o$ x0 c 10. Newspapers and journals& t+ L' G- Z. }' G+ c/ {
11. Records, radio, and television; s. h0 d& q% o! x7 l9 T1 } A
12. Skywriting and earthwriting u: e6 h ^3 v9 [1 k. q
9 E6 {" I; j) w1 b( oGroup Representations; N; ~+ r& H; c5 e
13. Deputations$ S7 {% w4 e2 y$ Q( o
14. Mock awards
; O5 Q6 H8 U! [ C) ? 15. Group lobbying
' E" T7 n: f/ D& f$ X: z8 l 16. Picketing4 t p/ G: g! u$ c
17. Mock elections
6 H" D, W H L, K- L* G5 _0 f' S; }9 s7 V' Q8 p
Symbolic Public Acts6 c: |. a0 \% J, U" a: J
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, B5 |* `& e- C5 c/ k 19. Wearing of symbols' _8 ^+ B. w( O8 f5 c* U- P8 n
20. Prayer and worship6 ?2 N" Z$ L$ ` B! P
21. Delivering symbolic objects
/ u9 c; S) c* K+ d5 l 22. Protest disrobings9 h1 H" ?7 _7 `' O6 Y2 t% x
23. Destruction of own property5 ^2 z+ v' Y, A) {7 `; G5 x9 b6 Y
24. Symbolic lights
- ?- z5 ^: @% K' \ 25. Displays of portraits- N. p1 i/ ]1 ~
26. Paint as protest
2 K6 ]1 G( Z$ [+ q2 z 27. New signs and names5 T9 W- T: K9 {0 j
28. Symbolic sounds9 O. z2 S1 [# Q- i
29. Symbolic reclamations
/ s+ k! _, s' _% Y5 q6 N' _7 N 30. Rude gestures- Q U" S G% b- O y' ~
" K$ F" a! E8 @/ xPressures on Individuals
0 ~! `2 o+ \* y, _( H0 o 31. “Haunting” officials8 w( l% S7 m# `' ]
32. Taunting officials
( ~. j6 b/ N. R" U6 j 33. Fraternization
" r# G! I7 N) X4 t' j 34. Vigils' ]3 P: J M3 b5 I+ [! W
5 L( w0 B2 a2 e/ s4 c2 ]3 } l
Drama and Music+ N$ l& D% u: o% h0 T0 v
35. Humorous skits and pranks
: g. m/ d7 ]" K, J4 k 36. Performances of plays and music7 U" t7 ?0 X* G$ Q5 q- n
37. Singing
0 f. R' c: R& C& |8 a/ l1 S
; h" g( D; x0 I4 ?# j, cProcessions u m# L: [7 b+ Q o. E& x4 N1 u
38. Marches4 J C1 y+ W% `4 \4 v1 A% ]
39. Parades5 ~2 l% _/ w. o! f! Y' }: L+ F" U
40. Religious processions
+ P, V; n( D( c g, e- R9 q 41. Pilgrimages
! t; }! U0 H% x+ e 42. Motorcades
5 i: T# j# p7 L. m! N# g& l$ [2 n) u, K2 i* k5 Q1 R n: D
Honoring the Dead
+ w+ T0 \/ K8 p' W 43. Political mourning& o3 p V7 {; v% t
44. Mock funerals- K% u7 y5 N7 P
45. Demonstrative funerals
7 w6 c) n- a5 W6 ]+ k- } 46. Homage at burial places6 b& P! E7 _8 H2 d# A
5 G! r0 ?/ w/ Q+ X& h4 H
Public Assemblies
3 ^: ~+ [, Y, f; t- E7 J$ ` 47. Assemblies of protest or support4 q' s- ?9 X; ~( r: }
48. Protest meetings6 `) u4 S9 s- |# l4 O3 a4 H' p
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
$ S& R6 Z+ L3 a$ R; H+ G8 f- A, p; c+ a 50. Teach-ins" ^4 e- K% C9 Z( O. M( o2 a
. \1 Z. I) ~. V
Withdrawal and Renunciation
! l- f: I# Y( y/ M 51. Walk-outs* e0 Y5 a8 `7 D0 |
52. Silence
s* S( q: y8 W$ v 53. Renouncing honors
" `# t7 h6 m f% o* G: N5 s6 V1 y; l 54. Turning one’s back
6 [& }5 V( U2 [4 S
9 S) V, y& u0 ~* P6 L' x / ~* L* n* w; o8 a/ q) A; m! i. q
7 n; n# `0 B XTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
5 }3 Z0 |; M9 y0 F) V* X$ R6 H7 R+ A6 ~
7 d; \7 `+ G$ s% ^5 ]$ {
( O, u) V: I6 J7 A2 [$ y' bOstracism of Persons1 A: e5 d8 x) }7 _2 X
55. Social boycott$ Q, v }, X% ?+ h! o3 W! J0 l9 Z5 w
56. Selective social boycott
+ S9 B. o4 m2 w 57. Lysistratic nonaction. Y2 I* Z) T, }- H* P/ Y r; J! P' l
58. Excommunication. B; v% k+ B: w
59. Interdict8 R- c0 ^, T2 {9 A; z$ _: r, _
2 B# ^* S3 a; ?- W* ]% z: M8 S+ ?
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 h4 Y8 x$ t1 B6 i) O% ~( t6 Q0 h" M
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 ~0 {# u- _1 B 61. Boycott of social affairs9 I* _; Y( R$ N& p8 n
62. Student strike0 O& Y0 y8 {7 |
63. Social disobedience
3 s& ?* @9 z2 a 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& p! g- N# U5 k# c6 G( Y' L! C8 x1 M% c; \
Withdrawal from the Social System
) [ l7 h+ d5 F5 b3 a* J. D; Q 65. Stay-at-home
2 g, N" |% U6 B. q 66. Total personal noncooperation; N0 i; L; z3 n% \
67. “Flight” of workers
1 J# z4 N* z7 e" M( I6 F 68. Sanctuary% k- ^5 {0 ?# I# I1 l
69. Collective disappearance
! E3 q$ r: h3 i* n4 g9 H, f 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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5 b$ b: w$ ]7 O8 [" e/ x
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS% E2 M9 q3 D# d9 `& x) W
$ z+ t# F$ c. I7 `
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Actions by Consumers: W- N. c+ k$ c9 u$ B, \
71. Consumers’ boycott; \/ Q9 {- v1 n2 F1 `: @8 A0 ~' X5 F
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods6 ]& J* W( m$ t0 W
73. Policy of austerity$ Y, a \. l( m+ d
74. Rent withholding7 O$ }; B m( ~ d" j
75. Refusal to rent8 S: L. B/ t) k
76. National consumers’ boycott0 z$ l, N8 y5 g' ^9 [8 p9 ]# a
77. International consumers’ boycott
: [8 m/ N& P& o( g c% t" S ]
0 I2 D( T' S" G i! b% |% k9 HAction by Workers and Producers; ^3 V6 t6 N9 I$ W. W3 ^
78. Workmen’s boycott! m; o: G. o, H* s0 f
79. Producers’ boycott
{6 I8 z+ d7 R( d
, ?3 {" t& m m6 ^7 V' w+ }, X1 D- sAction by Middlemen" o. \* Q6 @/ B, ~! h
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 J' N* d7 s& v4 Z, E1 w- k
. u9 Z3 {/ j! Y$ e) v- e! dAction by Owners and Management, g+ b, a! L$ q1 P7 p
81. Traders’ boycott) B2 I* J' q9 r1 X% r$ O6 d% X0 v2 G
82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 z1 R6 q/ [* r( b- L* G% a 83. Lockout& g: u: m1 c# Z0 M5 h" S
84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ J8 D2 b5 Z7 b Q- h
85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 |6 I$ B' j' k+ V6 r8 N7 e/ ]; Y0 L
0 _2 R$ j, n( D% E0 yAction by Holders of Financial Resources0 D0 r, T+ a2 m& n
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
5 B& c9 X7 ]+ u; A6 m 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
, X$ C* K* F' m9 D! W* d% @: R 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 p6 }& E9 k1 J* I
89. Severance of funds and credit
/ C! I4 A' u$ n% _) N+ a 90. Revenue refusal
2 Z9 s: I, R: J3 \+ X/ v7 ]- A$ J5 z 91. Refusal of a government’s money
! y5 a1 R( R7 m. L
0 E- o* K' p) v- |, ^5 s Q: {8 xAction by Governments
$ Y6 F' m' u& W$ @/ h, h. |1 A0 r9 P/ a 92. Domestic embargo* `" `% Y0 T8 Y2 j4 P
93. Blacklisting of traders& M0 R9 V/ q. v' d: j4 D9 [ J7 G
94. International sellers’ embargo& X, ^7 R0 C2 ~+ R7 A
95. International buyers’ embargo
: H6 W6 ~. y% p$ M 96. International trade embargo
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% B$ e! D. z7 K
0 A! e8 u( W* q; S1 n
) k: O- n+ x% ?0 QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( c8 m5 Q5 y* u1 S9 Z4 b" S
R1 Z9 u- F( c. W/ q
/ H) U, x0 R1 A1 J1 QSymbolic Strikes- Y+ y0 {, \4 u9 ?( e. \6 m
97. Protest strike8 P. B8 P1 u1 w8 M1 `
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
" a# ~# a! u- f6 g/ r1 W$ R- K0 K" F
Agricultural Strikes1 h: P1 ]6 C x$ H5 T
99. Peasant strike4 X3 w; [8 j# |# |1 b D
100. Farm Workers’ strike* I4 C1 h S/ _# x& ^2 B4 ?$ x5 q
% _( I8 r; O( A5 i
Strikes by Special Groups
3 J1 W) I# H4 x! _! ^ 101. Refusal of impressed labor% v2 v( J5 [( a8 e1 Y: E; ^4 u
102. Prisoners’ strike$ F$ R( b* Y+ K' W: r2 x2 |
103. Craft strike
6 S3 l1 j; x9 B+ ^ s 104. Professional strike9 ^* Y) L+ l& W) [- }2 y( ]
+ M5 M. ?* V' ~$ M1 DOrdinary Industrial Strikes
% b! m' |7 M- g9 L# Z3 { 105. Establishment strike
4 q: W$ ~! ]: D' C 106. Industry strike
% D+ M0 H% ~* L2 ] 107. Sympathetic strike
" ]& c/ ?5 M( d7 Z+ J% ?% a5 ^) J7 G" T5 D" e: f7 ~
Restricted Strikes
& j& [9 l7 Z. G1 |5 q 108. Detailed strike+ X" k; Z! F0 O" i5 r
109. Bumper strike$ |. |& l! t: c" O
110. Slowdown strike {7 `8 e0 A5 F1 W4 m9 A) Q
111. Working-to-rule strike0 r0 u/ q) t& D) g0 T
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% Q, j2 u0 l: |3 k: P5 d 113. Strike by resignation) a3 S4 A7 ~5 c% e6 o y
114. Limited strike
* D( V, H3 b5 \5 y) D( s 115. Selective strike; ~( L1 F: s( a9 W2 h
@ x1 m2 D. S$ c; _Multi-Industry Strikes8 {& i) x0 t: c' A* H- f3 t- {3 K
! T( n [" O& r5 Q |- S( {* O* R
116. Generalized strike* l' }! H; V5 \: {. w
, F1 p8 y5 L" ?+ X5 f5 G" e 117. General strike1 {, {# M+ T `& Y
- H; Z1 D8 Z- B) z7 q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
4 u% g8 M8 C5 _/ D b% \! C' O% t
118. Hartal* N. ?) k0 y2 g$ c/ w9 [* r+ c/ u/ a) [
/ |+ Q+ S. k- Z% @/ H4 `
119. Economic shutdown
: @+ {( Z9 u- K. D* n+ C/ u, y! @" G3 c+ k E+ v
4 O9 Y K% S3 X5 @. X6 W+ o6 J
; `5 V1 a8 L2 H8 F$ m) M: STHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 q( e1 F; W5 a W7 V+ Y $ V) S6 v% {5 l0 r( P
Rejection of Authority* v% D2 |' s$ m, s8 j: f
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. V: S3 i2 n3 S4 w 121. Refusal of public support
% R; M, q) y% S4 L/ a8 a 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
3 N6 Z" U2 h4 ]4 v7 J. A+ r1 X8 T* M0 S& T
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 F2 w0 Q @! Z& T) P 123. Boycott of legislative bodies. E( [/ t# k1 P7 S" y, H4 o# t
124. Boycott of elections
5 ~" O6 k+ F9 R& v% W) j( [6 V- N, O 125. Boycott of government employment and positions% ?4 c/ u9 [" V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: G/ X5 V. q$ K 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 R% W/ f P- f0 M1 {/ M7 j
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
2 @2 P) l9 o1 J 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: f& G: P1 F O+ Z, |" w# L; e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. r- r! N: Z6 {& J$ _" C+ A+ E' T6 D: e
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
P& n0 w; m" A4 I 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions! N+ I6 E4 l$ {+ Z; ^
: d" C( {6 k+ p( l% y9 J
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience" C3 U. ]; t$ ?# u
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* I" Z: Q$ G. O2 K 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& B s- k5 L! B! a) a% v 135. Popular nonobedience; D# O+ @7 J, R) q8 G* r# t+ R
136. Disguised disobedience5 X4 y3 D4 e$ K2 M+ L$ x3 |7 R
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# h9 C" r* Q, _7 f$ ~- r( ^
138. Sitdown5 Z( c& u+ N+ L1 E2 m+ `
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" I, z& B6 E+ B
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; k( ]- g" E1 q% D& \3 Z$ q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: Y4 |# E c$ f7 L$ h$ L
* F) v) s# M5 D G; P! g' c( `4 i: i+ WAction by Government Personnel; s& ]. b, f' j# b* k7 W
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 ~3 b/ w5 e$ w0 @7 i) x2 q. ` 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; @. L8 O( v& B% B% } 144. Stalling and obstruction8 T2 d* m! I( s1 c& ]4 J0 u
145. General administrative noncooperation
* n; C, y: S: c8 S1 n; Z( F, F$ M4 l, ~: V
146. Judicial noncooperation
+ r; R% n# K& Y. ^' e; K 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents K I5 }" ^: G% s- h0 s
148. Mutiny
0 H" G* Z B4 R9 O m. Z0 x; j; hDomestic Governmental Action5 E: {: z4 |& ]6 Q7 \$ G2 H( s
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( Z' m- ~# T1 {! u1 a ]% k 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 f4 [ u8 ^0 L/ \9 S0 h0 U) \+ K
International Governmental Action# M* M- }( }) }
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: _ ^% \1 C0 p S; a 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ n% ?7 ]8 l" a6 W: D# ]; O
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 ~8 _2 O- Q! V 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 A$ T s$ X l+ O6 P4 R
155. Withdrawal from international organizations- t, P# |6 G. a. V' m+ G; _7 s
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- S5 i4 W0 {/ X, k, d! s
157. Expulsion from international organizations
' k$ r: `" W" D+ M: T, p; @5 u" S/ V" g6 w
8 u; h& k4 l% g. z" n
$ m0 ^8 [7 Z+ s2 r4 z1 F
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 F1 {' t" h0 j( {& y+ j: b Z
5 \: x0 M4 K7 K0 I# G- b2 `+ h ' D1 l' [' E& _
Psychological Intervention* w& K; ? u, `9 z; C7 k! a6 g
158. Self-exposure to the elements
* H3 R; }8 r8 { 159. The fast5 ]2 W% c$ z- ?. K
a) Fast of moral pressure
& h0 ?5 f( m1 v8 O) ` b) Hunger strike6 ]' h; O) i4 [$ ]( U t
c) Satyagrahic fast
0 D: V) F8 N. f0 ~1 g 160. Reverse trial5 B; O" x* r. W0 t& `
161. Nonviolent harassment
* L# T1 Z6 P3 }1 l4 i5 o. g
8 l- s! y$ O/ S! ]+ q" a2 NPhysical Intervention: G& K) S- G) A( o; T1 n
162. Sit-in; K6 Y( S: B( v" D: m
163. Stand-in0 ^* d& o; }* |' v s5 f) e! ~. v
164. Ride-in: ^. s% @, D. _5 ]7 {$ O. w- v
165. Wade-in d- v3 [5 W. r5 n
166. Mill-in5 u( O: G: I: a9 ~& A9 ]
167. Pray-in
3 B/ ]: q; C- e3 j# P3 W; E# Y 168. Nonviolent raids7 c1 V$ [) k. j+ K5 w
169. Nonviolent air raids1 |0 B' B$ a" w* t
170. Nonviolent invasion _2 K+ o! ^! g" e1 o( b0 Z
171. Nonviolent interjection
0 `- @. Z/ _! Z) [6 Z% `- d 172. Nonviolent obstruction
8 q* c, c, ?9 k3 p- z* w 173. Nonviolent occupation' d* N! s4 J, }" H B5 V1 x
1 w5 K. _& x' M- L, g5 ]6 I1 TSocial Intervention+ M q; D/ _. r/ ]; ?$ |
174. Establishing new social patterns e& @5 K! y9 N8 F ^
175. Overloading of facilities- C |) v' e4 b9 ]) B) n! s
176. Stall-in) c8 V; ^0 N7 r! ^/ ?4 ?6 e
177. Speak-in |; L* a9 \5 t- W% P5 B9 U- c; _
178. Guerrilla theater
& Q K- y4 y: M" R! m4 x0 A" ~ 179. Alternative social institutions4 j) H: m8 R9 I) ]# D
180. Alternative communication system: T- @+ ~% c! b* Q7 {
% ] d; b! k5 _4 w4 @
Economic Intervention
1 J/ j+ Z* V/ J3 D: J 181. Reverse strike* o2 [7 E ]* K8 V6 t; k
182. Stay-in strike
# O9 \9 Q( u# @! h4 o, m* T) Y 183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 {$ p% A9 _) b0 X+ l& ]6 n 184. Defiance of blockades- @$ ]# H" \) ]& E
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- {* m0 p4 x, d# ?( G% d
186. Preclusive purchasing
9 l* v" }* T; B* \ 187. Seizure of assets- w2 c- H) p3 W0 V# g" D
188. Dumping
E2 x% r* A) t! ~( b 189. Selective patronage3 E3 ^/ {- n; ^9 d; E9 L) y
190. Alternative markets
8 g. J, D0 D* m" R 191. Alternative transportation systems
- V9 x2 B( l" l6 _5 ~2 w8 ? 192. Alternative economic institutions
9 ?5 A" L/ Z7 |" z4 U' } s/ W4 {/ s5 R% `9 Z& H, z
Political Intervention2 F u ]" r, ]: h7 B% @
193. Overloading of administrative systems
. j1 d6 G0 H2 s# X 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
5 R% C6 A* ^4 l8 q 195. Seeking imprisonment
& `! {* Q0 n, ?. d+ \ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 a5 s2 `7 `' P5 k3 B- d
197. Work-on without collaboration
$ s4 x$ W* V( \" D" r: w ~* u a 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, r; H. S7 E ^1 U. ], X
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
