 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION* y- y& R* x+ S
Formal Statements
( o" ]* h) k: R 1. Public Speeches
7 a6 q) \+ h( i m: x1 b% t 2. Letters of opposition or support
. Z5 J8 V" o7 t+ [ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' Y& m( m' z& F+ K
4. Signed public statements! P7 {' c. d6 L6 f( \; E) [
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ \/ ^* n8 ^8 ~ e+ ?, [* r& Q 6. Group or mass petitions
2 p4 T q% }( z- h, r
! s2 g) A/ }4 {- q- K" ^3 ^% i; PCommunications with a Wider Audience) |; J' E9 ^3 F( T O
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ M7 j! X7 E( c6 y
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# ^4 T4 {& y* z6 U4 J& n 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ ]3 `) R& W6 s& o: O/ J 10. Newspapers and journals
; j3 }# K& ~+ F+ T5 }( I 11. Records, radio, and television
9 G& m# a0 S- w! X# g 12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 |) X" A U# q4 D z& K
' o, m- J3 ]5 N5 }& v" ]; R, @Group Representations% o7 @, m7 \& _# [* d/ T7 r% z7 g2 o% i
13. Deputations& M( s* b- U& o. t! [' s
14. Mock awards
8 Y8 o7 B* {7 Q+ D- H8 o. S! k0 s L 15. Group lobbying: O+ C6 a- o- s+ F2 h
16. Picketing
2 u" X3 l' \. T& _; s 17. Mock elections
, g+ W6 V2 Y6 ?0 D) `
3 {! \( \# J1 [6 A& v$ ESymbolic Public Acts
9 i# s' C0 _, Z+ B: Q# @( a) J 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 x/ o$ V' W- Z( m
19. Wearing of symbols
1 r3 U/ n. ~% O& F% y, c 20. Prayer and worship% V! ?! H) q' f8 e/ x2 G
21. Delivering symbolic objects* G. T) P" P/ }" ^
22. Protest disrobings: K3 K$ K( f) ?8 i
23. Destruction of own property
6 j, C0 T/ {1 ]6 A; K 24. Symbolic lights
+ l0 a( C$ k: C# q' f7 @ 25. Displays of portraits
5 W6 Q( m2 o$ o' j5 T q& o 26. Paint as protest( l6 L& N7 x8 H0 t; _9 T
27. New signs and names( o$ ?% B% H5 ~& J9 W
28. Symbolic sounds
( P) X) ?0 V* T" x+ l 29. Symbolic reclamations2 f; q A( J- B$ k
30. Rude gestures
; V/ d1 e# C+ S. m& |
7 F+ s" f) ?3 LPressures on Individuals% F) d1 Z" ]1 W" t/ ^ |0 j6 O
31. “Haunting” officials
+ W' ~/ V- \$ `2 P/ M- S! j3 f$ m 32. Taunting officials
7 [* c+ L( ^( L% y# ^6 b' m" E 33. Fraternization. k B) L1 |" r- N# |' O& c
34. Vigils
+ ~" |* P( q8 ?! f7 k
) _2 a( l% ~8 ?. ^# Z& S4 m' lDrama and Music% i& v! F3 w: `9 E9 ^
35. Humorous skits and pranks0 K6 L( x% n# U* T2 P1 u) ?
36. Performances of plays and music1 q) Y5 ]3 {4 t, K/ n
37. Singing4 o/ j" X2 j7 V( C' z# r: b2 V7 u
5 g" {+ ^$ r' X# ]7 N/ {3 p+ M
Processions0 q. _- x5 P6 ]: }- z
38. Marches- W; ~& Y3 t4 |, J
39. Parades( @8 [" h) b( F' Q, y
40. Religious processions, u; C( w& X) f5 _' G
41. Pilgrimages
; [! p* k% W* K. N 42. Motorcades7 R; G& f& g& |4 w
' ]; }! A0 ?+ D) [; XHonoring the Dead
. V( c0 Z! [5 r- C/ d# C/ o( L O: F( h 43. Political mourning
, C/ |8 B% f, V6 V( I* G0 E 44. Mock funerals$ `/ V. f4 t! j! v" p
45. Demonstrative funerals5 K; v+ o. B4 q
46. Homage at burial places. V, B$ E6 T2 R+ J& r4 r
* }; f1 O l- z' ?. O8 c) V0 b& f* aPublic Assemblies
4 _) _7 [, E/ ]; y p 47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 b+ a- H" @& u( a/ R0 ~* k- f- W 48. Protest meetings
~" W. [: P9 K) [" }! W$ F 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 G: e+ q9 r: Q3 H
50. Teach-ins
& y6 h1 L- A, H4 G! `! _$ A, H/ E- Z* V2 f# ?3 r
Withdrawal and Renunciation
( N4 F; y: i: K9 m* P2 L 51. Walk-outs
; R& ~& x" f. D/ M* k1 D 52. Silence
# H3 C. V( g! [' ?5 i5 ?' C 53. Renouncing honors
" r- U5 f; l, j9 ^9 w5 Y 54. Turning one’s back2 b- S9 }5 Q l9 u$ }
7 C8 ]7 w0 i% [* C* c9 J) F" U- B+ g+ p
# \8 H h6 g7 m' K8 x t0 ?9 F. ?! d4 ~, ]( Y' M$ w# t
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION, P, M1 b6 k9 ~( H6 c
4 D) e2 j0 R: e# H( o' t% y 8 P9 J" P" M4 T
3 c: P; E' z, P% h* [
Ostracism of Persons
. }1 C& q! _, r 55. Social boycott
; u* h1 ^8 v. C0 @' Y/ H% H$ j5 j 56. Selective social boycott8 m! u9 ?1 r# U+ D
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; G1 v. ]9 ?5 B8 Q: x 58. Excommunication
$ Q$ Q7 _1 q" J. g: D! k! h 59. Interdict5 z9 J$ c( _: b4 w
7 X6 q8 S# x. W, ^Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions2 z" ^ U7 @1 @- h: v1 z
60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ P& n" o. m# O/ M5 ]; M
61. Boycott of social affairs
+ V* E+ v# N+ R1 B/ l 62. Student strike0 {6 @# C8 f' p7 @
63. Social disobedience
8 J2 n* w, R; ^' N0 I% ~ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! B9 ]0 m/ W2 B4 d
; J" z5 c5 p" a+ P" K* v/ `Withdrawal from the Social System6 v9 G( d: q5 S* X# l9 r
65. Stay-at-home0 e- w0 N' O7 i4 ^/ j" k
66. Total personal noncooperation3 f; b' n" B% g6 ~+ }" L9 a
67. “Flight” of workers" R# {) L ~) w5 s
68. Sanctuary0 z8 B- n4 J7 @7 A
69. Collective disappearance
# G; T/ p, C9 H. M+ ^- q" q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" m* Y1 `+ Q) b; R
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$ N5 f/ ^% P. X- w7 E: [% FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" v3 Q2 |" e7 c6 |" q& l& N
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Actions by Consumers
" L4 K9 V6 p( z- M5 q 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 ]! u6 t! W, s/ d1 j, M 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods U' W- E, j5 @
73. Policy of austerity; q6 a7 j4 r M! d& X( t
74. Rent withholding
1 g M3 T2 H f$ {' g 75. Refusal to rent( {+ v; l7 p' C7 H4 n2 Y
76. National consumers’ boycott
8 x9 v! J/ ]7 A" X3 l/ x7 S 77. International consumers’ boycott
# k3 _% y1 K- T5 Y4 ]) P9 e6 A0 }. j( S, m% N; Q0 U# b
Action by Workers and Producers
9 @5 n( [0 i* P7 P 78. Workmen’s boycott/ l# u% R8 V3 q# h+ C0 ^
79. Producers’ boycott
; }* X: e1 f" Y$ P& h6 B0 }; W! }$ P) J$ Z
Action by Middlemen3 t3 L3 K. k2 {& d
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 a( S# `# O0 x
* Q! k! @$ C- }) bAction by Owners and Management
7 U; s/ m3 O% G2 Y 81. Traders’ boycott) W1 _4 Z6 w' `: W! u6 u
82. Refusal to let or sell property2 ^6 m L& ?$ l* Z6 ^
83. Lockout0 s# |( F& a0 d! \: c$ p
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 ^9 M, L# }0 k, i2 F" m5 Q' k/ a 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, k1 S5 W3 ~4 B: {4 F3 [
% p0 k5 {7 z$ c. wAction by Holders of Financial Resources
7 V$ B; i L0 V9 L; O 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% \ H" v* h5 V/ I8 ~5 J 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 P% P( U$ H0 k9 Q' r) [# b
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: d" A) C) t- l. f( U
89. Severance of funds and credit4 @* m% u" P( W3 {- S }0 e& C$ u
90. Revenue refusal
( K5 @; H3 g( @, @1 x3 v7 z+ M$ Y 91. Refusal of a government’s money
* `+ v& t4 U- X3 [( P1 i/ O/ o _$ g6 j6 a" b
Action by Governments6 e( {. A0 }5 c+ X. G
92. Domestic embargo
" H, l4 b' _+ E. l) ^4 ^" A ~ 93. Blacklisting of traders
6 W# ^0 I S+ @! c; P t# x 94. International sellers’ embargo
3 H6 d% q U' |& T% w$ W8 R" P 95. International buyers’ embargo. _" g& p0 E1 t' J9 W! I+ j
96. International trade embargo+ `8 i2 G. I' R$ r, Y
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. b. c& m% o- N0 F1 P3 aTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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% d Z! [: V# t0 p2 @
Symbolic Strikes
0 K& F9 |$ J2 T3 D6 w 97. Protest strike
1 {& u+ a3 C0 [7 k 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
! O! L% X0 z0 D2 R G$ ?
3 L( H& t# L) I: w* ^+ s+ [Agricultural Strikes
1 f* O% N) ?' H. R% C! u. A/ I" W6 D 99. Peasant strike# O8 C0 D. [/ D
100. Farm Workers’ strike: H* `1 t" L) b$ h* B
7 `. V& Q: r% C$ E8 v9 i" U3 g$ A
Strikes by Special Groups
; K8 K C0 \3 _ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
- n; \( T. L H2 O 102. Prisoners’ strike# E6 l. b+ _! h$ v
103. Craft strike; M# s1 ?1 Q0 V
104. Professional strike
7 C5 ^9 E Y) z. I/ a4 M% c- v k0 u, G( g' }4 k% [+ \& s
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
1 E. n) _2 J; A* S5 ] 105. Establishment strike7 |- d* r* |! ?8 N9 B @
106. Industry strike
8 R8 @+ O+ b7 ]* H% \* A 107. Sympathetic strike
3 K0 h/ d9 W% I4 e* c8 f' j7 c& v8 a3 U3 f g, U6 m
Restricted Strikes
& `# N. I! C, [, {/ F; z. y 108. Detailed strike
6 L: W1 J( ~6 `4 c& P' S2 N 109. Bumper strike |, n% U7 c# _1 O- x& v, ~
110. Slowdown strike
" \, T7 V8 z: i+ _( b6 g% w } 111. Working-to-rule strike
" T* Z! e2 \' t- p 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 ~0 h& m/ a6 q7 k; G! w+ G 113. Strike by resignation
2 @1 n2 n- k; D 114. Limited strike
& H9 s: r" n0 X& r9 X0 ]' i9 e 115. Selective strike3 V; S! F @- [5 K/ R% `
$ M; e! [, {9 i# ]3 u, U* [' ?Multi-Industry Strikes
0 W) C4 N8 C. O
% E! R) H5 N5 X/ ~0 d* C# e 116. Generalized strike
% }( L9 N# a! C C: G/ k
' ]3 P4 F" N7 O* E. C 117. General strike
2 }' X/ ]8 g5 c
: B- |& q8 ^/ M7 o5 jCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
: j3 P Z/ D- R* x' f: v7 h
1 Z! t, r( x% a4 G9 ] W1 \ 118. Hartal5 I# ^+ N# Z/ Y O: g$ R
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
8 m/ p3 |* R* a" }, Q. J9 t- ]. b$ t2 M6 ?; e0 B
) Y; c4 {. f! ^6 s. gRejection of Authority. p7 T @% t% q3 A/ ?0 o8 C1 H
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 `6 P* p+ m2 s9 |& @ 121. Refusal of public support
9 D1 C& N4 J% N. d' y 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ B/ C: m3 |6 |* M7 f
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, M" g4 U/ E8 G" s ?, _2 E 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" ^' w. E* J) l4 o& q' A5 v4 b 124. Boycott of elections
) L+ u/ \* O0 I: c: \* v 125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 L+ [2 F% H% z( |7 R8 ^
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) n+ P. R$ u* k- Q/ z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" |$ t+ J$ J" T E) w( R) J
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" x7 `4 d9 @/ \# @2 \! p0 t7 i
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents! G, k& a+ B) a" O9 S/ ]" Q+ M
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. ~1 c; O; `5 ^7 p 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ m. j$ J1 O A' q, o 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
: A$ x0 S4 c3 Q6 _3 `9 a5 N8 b9 C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 X9 t. l! G8 H- b7 h% o) y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance; j3 a. r: ^! H* {4 }" n/ H
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& N* }1 M! }& b* ~. Z% J: e+ p 135. Popular nonobedience
$ M( M! z: d* u! `5 A 136. Disguised disobedience
3 G7 i7 S5 Q/ c 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 a, o/ c8 [. g7 l: w
138. Sitdown1 L$ [; x# C6 v9 i# X1 H
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# S% H. |4 }$ Y1 B7 ^
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 k# l X1 S9 V+ B G# ?7 {0 l& d 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: W$ S2 i+ ^; p! y+ ?/ Z O7 x# e
) d1 p1 y* b3 Y& l xAction by Government Personnel5 m7 {; |, [- [4 O0 M. w* L ^# Z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
& N1 { ?8 h$ r. R7 y 143. Blocking of lines of command and information# Q# l2 j( I$ K9 ^( f1 y0 N5 d
144. Stalling and obstruction3 P* \, D y- i8 ^
145. General administrative noncooperation- ~# L6 X1 p% I9 O1 q% a
+ V/ h: }$ G7 M4 h 146. Judicial noncooperation, Z5 [& v) Y5 p. x3 m
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents$ J7 I( A; D; i! J& ]* k9 o
148. Mutiny
% {0 `2 E: I! M6 t D9 W, H: N7 F. w" pDomestic Governmental Action, ^1 Z9 D7 O9 c' N+ `& u" w! f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 ^# b7 p3 u2 Z1 g* q, q8 n1 Y6 K* i 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# t5 W; ^! r+ s0 d8 w B) n
& C- t4 t; j% |$ g5 x% ?
International Governmental Action! j3 x' j. Q1 M# T! F q3 N% D
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) f/ A7 x6 S! v& H% E% s% W' s* z R) ~
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 B* r* E$ `% D, K2 ^0 S
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) N& Y$ h1 S# A+ L
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 W" u) ~8 b1 m& G" @ B 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( A) u' n0 I9 N5 ~ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, e5 m. V' @1 C1 {" L
157. Expulsion from international organizations6 ~+ e% I0 ?2 k4 L
8 t2 ]0 [6 C: V1 j
7 L$ Q/ M8 M; }* ]3 l! w6 F; L" E4 u5 F4 M! d; g* w
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
2 n3 Z! S) z- J+ `1 y8 _$ h$ n2 p# T7 Z
2 ]2 d* J, [, H# HPsychological Intervention
7 F% n3 C2 d7 g+ i 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( v# E0 `* z5 t3 ?- Y0 j 159. The fast
+ Y- |+ F9 v5 L a) Fast of moral pressure" B" h- P& d& s$ ?
b) Hunger strike# R! U J# ]! M( ]1 v
c) Satyagrahic fast$ ], q' }% f' M. p, Q0 h
160. Reverse trial3 c, P$ l( @$ e3 r; y2 {$ R2 w5 t
161. Nonviolent harassment8 p. ?7 S, S' Q9 m" c
6 U j) e3 ~: u; b4 H" L% P: R
Physical Intervention' w0 O% w" Y T+ G/ W$ T) n
162. Sit-in6 f7 E5 z6 F8 F/ d; y
163. Stand-in
8 S) W" u3 ^& s, v0 d! G 164. Ride-in2 q, m& y* U$ K3 {2 h" r
165. Wade-in7 c$ V* v% ?6 W9 Y! ~- E
166. Mill-in
4 G3 f g8 o @: E: s 167. Pray-in
4 |$ W$ i0 e! \9 f/ c8 i- o 168. Nonviolent raids
; f5 V0 p0 c- o$ G2 S2 I) _1 ^ 169. Nonviolent air raids
- }7 s* J w* ?2 F' w2 x 170. Nonviolent invasion
5 e, ^5 U: u8 A# X) H5 ]; {5 {) A 171. Nonviolent interjection
' m$ Z1 {3 p/ [4 l 172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 I$ D# I% z: y" Z7 ?5 V 173. Nonviolent occupation
- k) G- W3 T1 ]) v; ^/ r4 ? D4 z4 }* _( j
Social Intervention( N, E5 B; A) F1 p
174. Establishing new social patterns
' g I! |: p, O6 p 175. Overloading of facilities- \3 }0 ?, c/ F% R0 ]
176. Stall-in4 S0 H/ H+ _ Z! W
177. Speak-in# m% Y" K! N* H% ?4 j1 q
178. Guerrilla theater
. k, W! F" z9 [9 P' P1 C3 T 179. Alternative social institutions
5 R% | D2 f5 g8 p8 c6 r+ p 180. Alternative communication system* J, G# B" ~9 P- B; ~7 y* ~4 [
( L1 p. N0 o+ @) D( f' D* e8 M
Economic Intervention
; \' O8 U; {( X! K5 H. A 181. Reverse strike
8 s) N$ J! B0 x% c 182. Stay-in strike: u& m) |( g' N; `" G
183. Nonviolent land seizure, [, h! Z$ c! [% h5 o/ \& s/ N
184. Defiance of blockades% u i$ A4 `" x6 a) \' W4 ~. e
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; C) E. H c% z
186. Preclusive purchasing1 b3 W, k* N( ?$ ?# T- T1 T
187. Seizure of assets
9 j+ y x" l! k8 {! ? 188. Dumping
3 ^; m4 d' F" O 189. Selective patronage& o1 f A6 A8 _! `
190. Alternative markets
: [3 B% R" Z4 N2 t- T2 Q 191. Alternative transportation systems5 U7 O7 Z# L% [
192. Alternative economic institutions2 `2 ^; g+ ]8 L2 D: f
1 @: Z+ H6 K! n% E1 ]" Y% T
Political Intervention
! e# k0 e& z1 a' @ b- t9 ~+ b7 C 193. Overloading of administrative systems1 r* c# E! m Z' [, G7 o# B
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) E2 v& Y7 b1 t3 G e; [( {
195. Seeking imprisonment2 X. ]7 @' q: s* S" \, j
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 b/ J3 z, U6 k a4 Q% b 197. Work-on without collaboration
( o0 d3 ?5 f _( Q* T( D& Y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
