 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# |3 y. o4 |! ~6 ^" OFormal Statements; g, f9 f# v: w
1. Public Speeches8 y; t2 b8 P3 _- L" B* d
2. Letters of opposition or support
. V X+ |# i) U 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions z* I" p* h9 i# D" U$ q
4. Signed public statements' N H1 {; T0 k/ v
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 }0 O8 l% r( c 6. Group or mass petitions/ G& `7 `: `* o, l
3 g/ k1 _' W! g, s/ ?
Communications with a Wider Audience0 Z4 O+ p! a% f# I) V: t5 e3 m
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# N" x' h' P, k1 Y7 l$ { 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
/ N6 W) R4 q, N 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 d |% q) r% s g7 y
10. Newspapers and journals
5 `- Q5 @' Q7 u- G3 L 11. Records, radio, and television% T/ c) C) j; z; p2 o
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& Y3 L; t8 _8 `: W m- O8 L" K4 P9 S; i- b5 V S+ G0 C
Group Representations
: p' V* `6 M. T& N* t6 [" K 13. Deputations
# b+ Z1 |8 }( V/ l; G 14. Mock awards
+ W- Y4 l; M W& l) N5 Q 15. Group lobbying# O2 ]4 A: M2 b( {( B( v
16. Picketing
$ A6 A8 y9 F& f# R 17. Mock elections! [8 ]% t2 G# H, J9 F0 x6 W4 Q
; N- v" O9 O) P, {6 z3 ASymbolic Public Acts
9 k' x2 _; h6 D 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- P# H1 ?: t7 V3 Q1 ?( I, O$ ^' c
19. Wearing of symbols
: |( r8 c J, s- n0 j9 Q8 b* u: i 20. Prayer and worship
/ Z/ J+ s& ^/ T# B6 _8 l4 T 21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 W( a: N6 w6 ]* ]/ l: g" j 22. Protest disrobings! @! f, J- f4 [' R! e' ? y
23. Destruction of own property
5 o) F' ^0 |7 r9 g! p6 C 24. Symbolic lights
/ z; F7 \* S- `/ q# E" n$ \ 25. Displays of portraits
5 g2 K3 s+ G+ D" @6 Z# M 26. Paint as protest
% g& \* r: b4 P" U _8 r 27. New signs and names8 j: y3 L) N2 m+ @: R
28. Symbolic sounds' H# K9 ~% w7 f- h W5 U
29. Symbolic reclamations
* N* X* z: K, {1 H+ ]. O! Y 30. Rude gestures
( ^. h, Y; u. T* R
% B, E( Q2 _+ m! DPressures on Individuals; A* U2 ]2 h' w, b5 N6 M
31. “Haunting” officials
3 [' h3 s3 g( G6 [ 32. Taunting officials) \7 F8 E6 `2 \/ X5 a
33. Fraternization. ~! T/ |& i6 ~% f& B
34. Vigils
3 v/ W5 R& ?6 v3 W
) c! p' _ e2 kDrama and Music
" l: V/ S6 n6 G* I5 ~ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
) s* i2 b& P* e2 b- a4 L 36. Performances of plays and music, h$ k# M) @2 Z: \6 L# p* B# C
37. Singing- P% Q* {* L3 o& h8 k
2 ]9 @- r; p3 r$ G8 DProcessions
2 d* I7 M" g' h 38. Marches
7 C' F' S8 k* `* v D5 A 39. Parades2 T6 u& I X# a) T. @( y& A* M7 l
40. Religious processions
( q' t) I9 E( i( q2 x. N" Z" U 41. Pilgrimages
: m4 C$ N, V K1 m 42. Motorcades
% `5 P' [5 ^0 X- z& f0 y( f9 z+ s6 s+ y- q3 H9 M
Honoring the Dead
, v3 T8 [7 W2 [( C: M 43. Political mourning
' @5 Y! m( Q1 `# r9 \ 44. Mock funerals( x3 s+ r p6 {/ {. r6 C% x
45. Demonstrative funerals
R# u1 K# b& v& P, g6 f 46. Homage at burial places, q% c: K* x1 `4 x
8 @% h' e2 l# q# K+ b x) h# W
Public Assemblies4 L& |0 C3 a+ T0 j& h
47. Assemblies of protest or support
" F0 D9 V) @7 [+ c- m( p 48. Protest meetings
: b2 p7 O1 ^* `/ d0 O3 c' J 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 r1 j5 g; V' J- e, Y, v# @
50. Teach-ins( l( `7 n9 p9 y- Z' v2 {6 R0 J
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Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 `- b5 x9 B0 T) {" r/ F0 b 51. Walk-outs$ Q( ]% T* e, W
52. Silence
7 j% z0 f/ I' D% z7 T: R9 L 53. Renouncing honors9 B4 S3 z$ J; {' e r1 M
54. Turning one’s back
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8 X' B1 m5 A+ \! }) P4 X+ YTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 d/ z- _, i: b! _# s
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Ostracism of Persons
/ W! x, A f; O- J+ W! u5 B 55. Social boycott
$ k4 o3 r7 z, B8 T 56. Selective social boycott
2 a+ L& U7 {, s 57. Lysistratic nonaction$ X* ~ Z' D* p! }: A
58. Excommunication
7 i+ p9 a7 o0 m& Q0 |2 u: c/ A 59. Interdict
4 x5 v5 [" r9 T! h7 F9 V
! W/ I% g4 u& z$ \( G9 Z* w6 x4 Z- pNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 B, V! i# Q# w5 d- z8 J& e
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& P3 P' ]8 R% N6 ^& g7 k6 \% N' Z6 A 61. Boycott of social affairs
8 I: l4 Z0 g7 o, _ 62. Student strike
( T' C5 X/ y: Z; X( K; Z) }- N% G8 P5 Z 63. Social disobedience# E) R% ?/ ^, S
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
+ `5 D1 m+ G2 j8 U" ^
' U0 C% o6 t, h+ \) n, H; cWithdrawal from the Social System
2 U+ Q6 {# d# M, F# j8 z* n6 t 65. Stay-at-home2 K, v1 c( O" R1 V* D3 D# Y# q- b
66. Total personal noncooperation
! R0 ~, M) O+ h 67. “Flight” of workers
: I* w( z$ x& _% h 68. Sanctuary0 K1 X% X" {% f8 K6 Z* t
69. Collective disappearance
9 H- i7 M" |, o. m 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 v/ h$ M! x0 E2 X8 E7 @9 q* F- q' `) w/ g ~% K" i- J
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 u) \! n# w" p% G1 t, l4 i# A2 X t4 E
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+ k& Q' D ^: ^7 W( s' V f0 f, M0 u
Actions by Consumers
! x e/ x. Z) R% b2 _& G8 C 71. Consumers’ boycott
- L' F& J# A0 j 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% f" d6 Z/ N/ T7 s) c 73. Policy of austerity" G8 a r2 C* P9 V/ _3 Y
74. Rent withholding0 z; Y1 T- i$ B
75. Refusal to rent
8 P# y! t0 h S 76. National consumers’ boycott5 C( S0 q: t* ]5 {5 q6 Y9 p
77. International consumers’ boycott7 }! D( m# O3 l
5 b1 _1 l0 W$ V) A. _' d
Action by Workers and Producers( n8 g3 W; r' c3 X* Y7 s* a$ \
78. Workmen’s boycott$ y$ u* x, O% L, S( U, d7 V0 \
79. Producers’ boycott' X7 e2 i- s7 G: ^# `/ @: G
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Action by Middlemen8 G5 C& U. e& N2 K, m' t1 @
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
) F, z! m$ w5 @. o 81. Traders’ boycott
5 i! l6 m6 \( }- P0 N, q; t: m( W' n 82. Refusal to let or sell property4 _+ ]+ Z" \1 B
83. Lockout$ q/ O6 N: C; l5 x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 h, G2 d( Q& K- {5 [* m
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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8 ~3 ^ a5 N0 ]Action by Holders of Financial Resources" k3 h9 m9 t' {- u' v
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 k9 j0 i/ U, O0 d) k S
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ q, n2 h- B! K8 D# i+ k- C
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
G/ \3 Z% ^' R/ @ 89. Severance of funds and credit
/ S4 p- m) _. n 90. Revenue refusal
- ?; u! W9 d6 w4 W* G: W 91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 r3 j! \% X# u2 \8 G! P* g/ r& V* m S$ H- ^' c2 ]
Action by Governments
" w c" _( W! i$ A' E6 k 92. Domestic embargo
7 b, m7 H" o5 u* X$ v0 K 93. Blacklisting of traders
0 C$ u: v. i/ G 94. International sellers’ embargo
! R1 P8 Z9 | v' H+ n* O p6 n 95. International buyers’ embargo2 `( K, v2 ?% v" O7 E* ~
96. International trade embargo0 N* _4 S' ?; n# E7 }
1 s8 f- A; Z2 i9 C. v
9 I2 s+ M# E( @0 l1 H7 J5 |- s! n1 h5 C6 v3 F' W3 |; ^
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE D& `3 g; t0 h4 @. K
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6 n* r: x3 `! w! b6 d+ p1 ]Symbolic Strikes& G {4 U6 N- c% D% O7 [# Q; U% ~
97. Protest strike
! d% y5 _' F) p6 ` 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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% b. u) ~. s/ Q! UAgricultural Strikes. t, I2 D+ {4 h# B+ }1 p0 S& j
99. Peasant strike1 p* d+ O& I6 X( T7 T
100. Farm Workers’ strike; q8 W- `$ m3 Y% a( E5 O
, x1 [! v! K7 x3 \* u( Z6 hStrikes by Special Groups
% z2 X$ v0 S' W# v7 V4 o 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 v& y) m- O) k 102. Prisoners’ strike
8 z8 [' }( l$ i: F; O( m$ B9 Y 103. Craft strike
5 Q+ @9 y& |* I. W% S 104. Professional strike2 t& X9 }$ {% [& I$ a6 `5 C% g' ^
& ]+ U- Y- F3 y# ?
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
, B" I" ?7 v$ G- O! s! C 105. Establishment strike
7 [* F5 @7 s% Q) {7 ]; Y f/ h 106. Industry strike( a8 i' j( y+ D. y' [
107. Sympathetic strike1 y9 X" M$ K4 p1 Z' v; x0 G
% h A6 T/ w- |9 |9 ORestricted Strikes( O: y5 _) k9 Y' D2 V% ^
108. Detailed strike
( l& P' l( P# Y2 c; R. U 109. Bumper strike
. p4 l i; l \% x0 e M 110. Slowdown strike
' d+ M" C5 ?# L 111. Working-to-rule strike
1 H* D6 [6 x1 V$ \$ `9 M 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' ^! H2 C8 C0 ?! j! U! |
113. Strike by resignation
{( R5 f- o/ M) @& ]/ ]( [ 114. Limited strike$ ^& k3 k [$ H8 |5 r
115. Selective strike
) U1 n& X4 U6 Z2 }0 c& h6 x S0 O6 O- f' T! C- I
Multi-Industry Strikes
! T* o$ ?! Q* X8 l& ~
! ^ s5 X i& R4 [6 E 116. Generalized strike
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F2 c! _/ @ b: H8 i w+ Q 117. General strike4 _. e' v& h/ O' R; O8 @" r0 r" t
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 ?4 k) B! C; [9 p' Z0 ]
" L Q# q/ O1 [$ R" F 118. Hartal% F* U, G1 E/ a! q
3 t: A) |. ]' y5 o j 119. Economic shutdown
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+ E9 W3 p7 z: d) rTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
( \- J4 M5 z! P% O6 \$ c1 l1 b. d 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance3 T$ W% r: ]0 X( x
121. Refusal of public support) b+ t7 E2 N) \0 n$ o
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( N; K1 T& y' _# K U
4 g, j) m- S- f- T% zCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& @! s; W2 k% O5 t" l2 l8 U 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: _ D) r6 [8 _& w% w3 D6 f 124. Boycott of elections
* Q+ ~; e, }' d) j' \ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions' h; R/ I. x1 I% c
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ ?. a/ S& Y K* B 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. S$ v; v* i0 t# S0 K! ^ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
( k8 ^2 F) |# J$ G 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 B# n k- W# q X* j0 w/ m0 ^% |( j
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 y& ^0 Q% E2 B- S+ T 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* v7 J1 s6 u$ N2 W7 c; C* } 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
$ @: G7 H& {5 \# J# t& M- g( q+ u+ I' u$ g4 M* q4 H# N
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ O6 K6 I1 N3 X: p( F* p/ Y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 o" N! |: c% m' C4 g8 x# P6 x, y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. n3 h/ \$ v3 w; w! f- F& J 135. Popular nonobedience
! I2 X* v( o1 `3 h 136. Disguised disobedience# A. Z# [ h S5 ~+ G
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: n4 t; T# v( j8 Q
138. Sitdown/ p1 |9 N5 Z9 E7 _ D+ A2 Z9 s% `9 t
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! ~( S+ B! w3 {$ L7 V. l
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 f' _8 V% I7 ^4 j l: z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% m9 h3 i: R* G1 i/ e% j1 S% Q
; K3 O$ \* p$ v+ x2 M3 a O4 mAction by Government Personnel+ C% H6 L* A- M2 Z& b J) w8 W4 _
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
y! p1 P4 m6 n8 N4 a+ h9 K2 r7 c 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) D, y! h7 ^1 D m 144. Stalling and obstruction
, t+ v8 X# |2 B; F* z 145. General administrative noncooperation
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0 p) l7 ]$ @/ a 146. Judicial noncooperation8 y/ v. I& d: \' M4 T
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents1 E- g: }1 g) K I W
148. Mutiny
$ u( e" Q7 N' T5 s4 P: e( ^! X+ MDomestic Governmental Action T* _2 |. a3 D- l
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' Z# c. B9 ~, k, C& C1 V+ I
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 y- s$ O4 b w w' f7 g* P
E" f7 q# i9 n! ~International Governmental Action0 k, D" U D& p3 K
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
! W- C- z/ W6 f8 V. X9 z$ G7 n 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: J1 o* |$ s: G9 g2 h
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 @1 a9 D- `5 O% b9 _! s
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
P4 [* q' n; @ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! \* @, r: c1 f$ p' j( h 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; Z) i8 F C/ H2 X
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
: Z z% e, X F) g1 @9 ~ C% G* t) x
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Psychological Intervention
- T/ w3 a7 }2 T' O# A6 W; n 158. Self-exposure to the elements+ }/ u# o" Q7 c9 {; k
159. The fast! [" ?1 @7 [2 z) Z
a) Fast of moral pressure
3 |2 z& {" X/ K3 W& ?$ A: K( T b) Hunger strike
4 ]; i6 i( }) V c) Satyagrahic fast! D+ @) u: j7 @ P3 c7 v. q# l
160. Reverse trial
+ c0 ?# _7 N0 \) E( X 161. Nonviolent harassment
. p8 X- D! m/ L3 Z% O* c0 v; \$ Z+ S& F: M3 |: O% p4 P
Physical Intervention9 A5 w: @8 U7 v8 U0 a
162. Sit-in& Y3 T6 @$ K- `1 i- H) \+ _2 h
163. Stand-in
: c8 c8 [' @$ h 164. Ride-in5 |. i# b) n2 l" \6 v4 b" D4 c
165. Wade-in
) m- g- p1 ~3 A) u1 t 166. Mill-in8 ]) U! Y3 l/ R3 i) Q+ u' s' n( j. n
167. Pray-in; X& U3 {8 B2 C# a. O
168. Nonviolent raids
/ [, G$ W5 D. l( V 169. Nonviolent air raids0 m/ W7 s6 h. w+ _+ L1 ~
170. Nonviolent invasion+ x, K1 C* ^8 J+ Q
171. Nonviolent interjection
# i0 L2 T$ F: h2 Y 172. Nonviolent obstruction
& b. x9 b+ i a2 m7 M' J, ^8 L9 P 173. Nonviolent occupation
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3 R' z: u" G7 r% B- aSocial Intervention
* \0 \9 J0 W6 x; Y3 N 174. Establishing new social patterns
6 r; s; f1 r+ d7 ^3 \" G 175. Overloading of facilities
% l; k" Q+ D$ a- K& y: m7 C 176. Stall-in! c. V" h* o& C% H- d5 j
177. Speak-in
9 X$ _# a7 ?: J( [+ d. q0 _0 g 178. Guerrilla theater
, \' }3 {3 M5 Z- q2 \/ k 179. Alternative social institutions; J2 @! C2 ^, v$ ?; p' w
180. Alternative communication system# d+ t0 z; T' E9 y5 x, a! {3 `
# ~7 r; p, g3 `& B3 mEconomic Intervention
0 y$ Q- V6 J7 o+ r' e2 s5 r6 t4 q 181. Reverse strike
/ F' ~5 M) x1 ]' W8 r8 }: r/ ^ 182. Stay-in strike
! c( U" I, t7 P( _ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 B' T4 u: U" @ 184. Defiance of blockades: r. Z/ o) I Q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* m5 ?/ K- y7 j C. |
186. Preclusive purchasing1 q: }) _% I+ u! J6 h# y/ }' w
187. Seizure of assets
" ~7 O( p2 n5 X' ^ 188. Dumping
: l# I e0 f" r& q 189. Selective patronage
0 s9 | Q' B9 _' W$ q8 w& n g8 Q3 V. ?! ? 190. Alternative markets
5 t! l4 V6 [! U3 M$ y; z 191. Alternative transportation systems) B* {: G# L2 [9 {5 m' t
192. Alternative economic institutions
. q# Z# g% ^/ u- ]! F5 |% }5 j7 w" {3 T9 a7 i A
Political Intervention
1 e7 d- @- v1 H. l1 l% C# I" A 193. Overloading of administrative systems' M. y+ i% _0 d; s9 C6 a6 D8 J9 u. J, z
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. s0 k; N/ O: }9 T. S
195. Seeking imprisonment
+ }0 u4 g; u4 ~ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
. c0 g" `. i2 m, l$ f1 b 197. Work-on without collaboration
& D9 f1 V' O" y, A0 L) Y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" l, R7 J9 s% s/ y% X h
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
