 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION4 U9 q# G# W" C+ [# c1 D" S0 G% F- m
Formal Statements- [) K# J& y3 z4 X
1. Public Speeches& p" @) _. W% q* y/ E
2. Letters of opposition or support4 m: }1 d. W! X3 m
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, h B/ h A6 l' R9 Z3 T( p$ N 4. Signed public statements1 j7 `/ O% I$ g; m, z8 b2 I
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 b- X7 v3 ?& t: Y$ T 6. Group or mass petitions0 I( f! @0 p! M5 }0 V* Y
$ u e+ ?0 T" p; jCommunications with a Wider Audience3 [# ^1 e( I% h) s, q, t9 }' R, A1 f
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ ` {( X, S7 F" o8 ^: C4 Q# H0 k
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% o: T f6 Z0 z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- T" h/ Z1 `/ W: ?- g 10. Newspapers and journals# H5 h) u; j5 r) a' F" P
11. Records, radio, and television4 a7 T. a: E' q
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! e ]# K8 _+ B! v
/ F Z0 i, M/ Q5 b& v! ^" U5 a- [Group Representations
- w7 X9 [! r8 J/ w# q/ \ 13. Deputations
2 c! E3 p0 m3 m- E6 { 14. Mock awards8 _9 s# m3 e& I
15. Group lobbying8 ?. z. }" U; t1 ~2 h! E1 m7 X' B1 S4 A
16. Picketing
/ g! j1 J7 W" o/ B* U; y- e 17. Mock elections" _" o* i' @! m
& @5 P, e! v8 \( l2 f
Symbolic Public Acts+ N2 R3 b8 s! r, \2 E
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( \& f( H3 F0 T- z" i
19. Wearing of symbols" O% ?# u+ Y! k9 Z% U; A. `$ b S u
20. Prayer and worship
/ c" c) S$ J; C% E/ }5 E# ] 21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 `2 ~6 [* ]" d" f7 M; H/ O" Y 22. Protest disrobings' k, k& } d; N5 V6 ]
23. Destruction of own property9 O+ r2 R! ^! M; O
24. Symbolic lights9 @! T; \% { _( K
25. Displays of portraits ]+ {6 b/ {8 v, H
26. Paint as protest/ d7 L1 Z2 K( a; R i
27. New signs and names
$ i5 a$ D4 ^4 N7 X8 _' F! X 28. Symbolic sounds
* Z: F& k; R0 l2 r 29. Symbolic reclamations1 L* j2 r0 q4 ]
30. Rude gestures- O& v* g' C% o0 t) v
% u. P; b$ \5 u$ M: F; V0 ~9 y. j
Pressures on Individuals T) @$ O" g0 @. W: ^1 F
31. “Haunting” officials
' j- u6 Q! k: ]3 f& b 32. Taunting officials
4 e S$ v+ u. o7 [* [ 33. Fraternization8 D( j4 p# {1 H% t3 f5 {9 y
34. Vigils' J' A3 ~; r4 _0 H n
9 u H) p# W. y: i: w* ]3 \Drama and Music
, d2 b: ^4 O2 p 35. Humorous skits and pranks' N* ^3 B" m; P- h
36. Performances of plays and music
- z1 j, ?- A+ ]# i7 u- y 37. Singing
: J, U' a* \9 _: u U7 z1 h
! h: v# q( ^- UProcessions
6 K! a, V K, ?. O$ C2 g) _1 [0 o1 T 38. Marches
; H# r/ Z/ g6 ^& Y4 { 39. Parades
' ?* u; @2 Z# \& [ 40. Religious processions# J2 l N* i5 j* U7 H: e$ A
41. Pilgrimages2 `9 {' y+ h) O, w
42. Motorcades
. s7 }. e( I+ [/ f2 P- g0 F
- O' L& ]* _% P2 c* b' N# p- K3 lHonoring the Dead( N* d$ d) u- ~9 B9 a2 x
43. Political mourning
7 Y$ m' ?; E, J2 r# J 44. Mock funerals
" {! t2 [3 W# G; z$ u 45. Demonstrative funerals
! g7 D' w' ]# J9 q' W# C$ g* R/ i 46. Homage at burial places: c; Q/ ~- T/ s. `7 b) _
5 m& j8 L# j! W! D# y9 i: A3 D: D1 z& gPublic Assemblies0 \- \. J# D7 l
47. Assemblies of protest or support" T% B2 ~+ d0 R' ?& X2 h3 j/ j; t
48. Protest meetings# W- M- A& {0 j6 J
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# S$ t3 m- v; ]- P6 l 50. Teach-ins. p. l; Q. a `6 D6 J9 t3 \
: [ H. @/ t7 d* _( WWithdrawal and Renunciation
6 M5 P2 A% n! ] E; C8 c 51. Walk-outs0 Z- k, Z: X* i" S( T, Y
52. Silence
! w, i/ y, R$ G& q. t- o) j 53. Renouncing honors
8 n3 p+ X: v1 Q 54. Turning one’s back/ J1 F, J5 G5 H1 p- d
$ R% w4 j1 w% |8 [2 Y. }
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% v) Y# b5 P' s6 |8 z- k' t
/ A E8 R* Y g. @
' {0 B% H4 J3 C7 s/ M
6 K1 j% V' ^! ?1 m: ? E( \5 r( ]Ostracism of Persons
) C0 A! m o, X 55. Social boycott
! V% E7 T8 g; B, s2 G3 S 56. Selective social boycott
- H: q. b" S- Y) Y 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ X' ~2 s) R0 n9 j' @- l& Q 58. Excommunication
; f K6 N* G$ v3 j3 t 59. Interdict
# ]# P9 _4 W2 k8 a) a2 M: N0 Q8 ~6 b- d+ R
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
X; ~" Q, h# y# m 60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ c) Y) |. r9 @: F1 S; T
61. Boycott of social affairs, \: q5 [' A4 h: ]
62. Student strike D7 A, m8 x1 R0 W# o
63. Social disobedience) I* A6 h/ E' ]; X' w- q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' J" t0 }1 q0 x. P0 `3 G; J8 y& A- E0 x! c m
Withdrawal from the Social System2 h! F# f) F4 e0 v* B4 O% x$ n9 L
65. Stay-at-home& I1 D& h! s, z5 ?! _
66. Total personal noncooperation, u7 Q; _& T" X- {, X
67. “Flight” of workers
( y: o' K, Y% ~/ U 68. Sanctuary8 \0 `' E: A, N2 q) x* O2 ^% }5 a
69. Collective disappearance
' P/ a, \3 k9 c0 p7 m 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 n! \0 @: W' h% x2 W
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 [& n; f9 o+ O0 {, `
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1 D; ^" N5 M0 O; `, VActions by Consumers( {9 s5 f1 @2 U
71. Consumers’ boycott
# J" a! X0 O3 K: `0 X 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 M: E. T& D& e, g 73. Policy of austerity: e+ w8 W2 F" T Y. c% R
74. Rent withholding, s' d/ u5 b2 l3 V( Y
75. Refusal to rent4 D( X, a: ?7 P: A2 h
76. National consumers’ boycott
/ L6 y$ ?" V" M; g) E 77. International consumers’ boycott
_4 l9 D# w; F# |" h' f6 u
8 S8 i+ @! m9 KAction by Workers and Producers
5 ]9 y- V9 a, @1 i 78. Workmen’s boycott( N9 m3 u5 l( z R) F/ ~5 W
79. Producers’ boycott1 x% n6 `6 `/ j7 d
' l3 V4 T: w# e1 n0 t
Action by Middlemen8 U7 l" U2 r( @& M* `4 V# U% X4 G$ ]; ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! |6 z2 K: s5 c- {; |: Q: J, C
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Action by Owners and Management
* c% ?. |7 f* [# _ 81. Traders’ boycott
# J' V' l# I# F( H, O 82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 ^% _2 ?$ D" A! \ I: `( n, I 83. Lockout/ ?- h; s, }$ e; n. N2 z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance& k" a. p9 K0 O% ^7 d# o5 n# F. \! d) X
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 x7 k$ v& C* E" o
5 s' y" i: C) l; k0 E; [* E, SAction by Holders of Financial Resources
) m7 \& D% B9 V 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 T( [/ W( t+ c* z5 R 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 w* o; `3 }2 G8 Y- s0 ^$ c
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: j. ~- z1 C- w% D0 u
89. Severance of funds and credit7 I0 ^! L K8 z" l
90. Revenue refusal6 p0 P9 L% @8 G4 v
91. Refusal of a government’s money/ z) x; v( L8 u, T3 m8 ^9 |# ^7 I
! {% s8 ]5 {* e* w7 cAction by Governments
; M k& D% R2 s$ j7 { 92. Domestic embargo! I# P, p$ e8 s/ v0 W& ^
93. Blacklisting of traders1 P# i! L7 s! N" J* C3 x
94. International sellers’ embargo
+ X' C' A6 j2 o- D: {7 ?* ~% B 95. International buyers’ embargo
" G" G' O, P( g/ W! Y 96. International trade embargo' X: M: P! f9 H
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5 {3 F; X2 V2 Y$ i/ [! V6 a, U% S) `8 z @$ V
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
3 a# X @& I' Z2 e+ k6 U- V8 B/ `7 X M* f6 O2 q! e1 J/ ^* p
0 J! \) b; v) xSymbolic Strikes
0 @% C) N& B/ Q: K }( Z% a+ r, E 97. Protest strike
& W0 | n' ^4 V+ [2 H3 O+ p 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 L+ Y+ g, q" R, |
0 [$ h) R2 f: N, s2 c( vAgricultural Strikes5 a$ Z' w; p- _ U) w! o
99. Peasant strike( r" y, J! y8 s2 X% h; A& F
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 h5 ]5 E `$ M5 G
/ {' \2 @: x# I4 N5 F& z9 TStrikes by Special Groups
4 N, C$ I" j+ g& R 101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 e* j- [, z6 B2 H# Z I8 B( N 102. Prisoners’ strike% B2 s6 D0 s+ B, f5 |/ ^2 s \
103. Craft strike
& M% ]- [8 ]/ Z! w; F" t7 B 104. Professional strike
0 s2 E: F/ \' j1 Y4 A; h
( ^* u5 d7 K8 I4 X1 b, b jOrdinary Industrial Strikes1 Z6 }& i2 c- E3 `6 v
105. Establishment strike/ D3 L2 s2 n0 I9 P4 s
106. Industry strike
0 K' t+ T2 V' X 107. Sympathetic strike
/ U( f* V, ^: Y: Q1 D8 J$ A+ z8 M- W4 w" }
& v% `' G: ~9 ~Restricted Strikes
) J* f$ |+ F( F- @2 r 108. Detailed strike
* o6 x8 j5 }+ X8 {. @3 `4 c2 f% v 109. Bumper strike
0 `+ R' U2 F# X0 Z% X y- Q3 t 110. Slowdown strike+ i/ h$ z4 i5 p. |' A
111. Working-to-rule strike
3 z5 j; R: {8 x; V: b! F 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) H) X) y1 F; P9 c2 I 113. Strike by resignation
8 K5 D0 Q( s6 P# |/ T$ p* \2 i# e! Y! T8 h 114. Limited strike0 k# D, x# \3 p4 E' C
115. Selective strike/ x+ @- I9 h; S |& i. p
, l) X3 t! Q2 i5 N: d. O6 H6 _- t
Multi-Industry Strikes
. ^4 D. ?( O' A5 l
" p* o/ j i% g 116. Generalized strike, ~# K# |9 m0 K8 X
- ?; }9 M1 q# T
117. General strike
4 U+ _/ i9 T" @! _: B! L8 R0 g; S- S$ R
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 {4 w$ g+ L7 I6 Q
& W: p7 O$ i! ?8 x* E4 i 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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, j3 ~1 e4 l3 K0 K+ T7 n" STHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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9 [) q, V) Y: m% s0 M
Rejection of Authority' d; X/ c( K9 x' F- x/ ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 L* i- @, B9 g7 s 121. Refusal of public support- F7 p7 d8 E$ B1 n# ^8 D
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance' v K8 P* n5 z0 x o" l
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 @7 Z5 ?& r4 V8 _" [ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
) \+ e9 A8 r6 e; [4 Q3 S2 Y( m 124. Boycott of elections
1 l& k8 n# _. D6 B1 R 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 b0 B* T& [+ @4 g; }0 g 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
4 f0 h/ Y! E1 K 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 `' n' N* E0 Q" b
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 X9 U: M& j4 ^- s% F& A4 S 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 s7 A& S" p# y% h
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 r* ?- M$ t+ A* |6 B7 s( |: i- w0 P
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" b: }3 P* c# t$ U) `- a3 t
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: V. Q# j1 I: ?" Z
6 t% [" j ]. Y9 W1 hCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. M* U3 N P+ [' h) ?$ } 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ @0 W3 W9 l! r0 n 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. e/ c/ T8 R1 s 135. Popular nonobedience+ R! ~; p) U. R
136. Disguised disobedience
5 H+ s/ P6 M* Y6 j1 `9 o 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' H, Z2 d, \; S) X1 M- { \ 138. Sitdown
; h- P6 B8 L4 ^1 x 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% b/ v8 c8 W; |( y, U3 T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities" X; T3 p- z8 R1 J1 y a
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# x0 y' _7 T; N1 a9 f! ^( Y
" d/ u4 Z, y" x7 p4 O9 P1 bAction by Government Personnel) Z8 M i I) y; I
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 I) }4 s2 |7 P" l' C0 V" a' T
143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 k! v5 i4 A+ `
144. Stalling and obstruction
: J" o3 U& l. z' _: H 145. General administrative noncooperation
) D6 H: T% N5 R! Z% `" N$ ^5 d( ^* E! h% u
146. Judicial noncooperation
# m( D6 `( I+ w0 M( S0 D2 P- { 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
8 e; z* @: b1 o* ]4 g: G 148. Mutiny
: t+ [0 J# w& W$ W; Z. ^5 pDomestic Governmental Action8 N9 h$ J% ~7 o- `$ J1 O) N7 I
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- j, z6 k! n x- V _! N) C 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 F7 Q D, o p
0 ^1 S# i! G8 ^0 k6 Z) u2 @3 iInternational Governmental Action
( v$ A- O6 P: f8 u) K% j& D7 a 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations0 e, _6 ~- L9 v+ Q8 I" X
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 V) f ^" s4 p# M: @; M
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. Z( i; Q; `2 Z; @8 N3 Z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations; o" J g- s; h3 e: Q0 z, t
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 Z9 N9 v. d9 \. s% ^ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 u1 g1 `: e# v3 m% }! f 157. Expulsion from international organizations+ h' }& B" h, C; [+ M
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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( a% m) n( s d- O0 L 5 E. T/ P6 X% @* b/ d( W
Psychological Intervention$ I0 Y0 M! D0 \/ R* X
158. Self-exposure to the elements
R8 _' i) |8 w* e: O. g$ c$ t 159. The fast! ~4 v5 L& S6 i) S' {
a) Fast of moral pressure
. j/ A8 v" M8 j: ^ b) Hunger strike1 Q# E( e |6 ^- X
c) Satyagrahic fast
/ X) L. w6 s, G6 G- b) _! Q, @ 160. Reverse trial
k% r R4 M4 B$ r& A+ X( J3 m 161. Nonviolent harassment
3 F9 L2 V" a" Y5 C
1 P7 S- @6 ^3 z `" zPhysical Intervention0 b3 X4 C1 K, b4 {4 @
162. Sit-in4 l8 v8 X5 {3 @ M4 H
163. Stand-in
9 [, B: i5 F0 n/ q$ W) F& b 164. Ride-in
9 @* `8 \' e; \3 f) U 165. Wade-in
" t" ~2 Q/ @3 d( s 166. Mill-in
/ x* c# G% ~* W2 n3 t6 J/ E 167. Pray-in
; ]+ m+ Z, U4 N) }5 U& c: q, ]! S 168. Nonviolent raids) t' @% v$ M# g9 ^* O2 j
169. Nonviolent air raids% w* {" I( j8 z4 E
170. Nonviolent invasion
+ {: O# `( o7 y( E9 y 171. Nonviolent interjection/ ~' J8 h( r' w
172. Nonviolent obstruction% ~2 `" [- \6 B
173. Nonviolent occupation2 F3 B8 a. w* B' w- L% ], C& j3 @
2 P# x1 y- b) x2 Y4 P4 ?# d; k" X# g
Social Intervention
5 p$ o& Y2 L6 l 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 j A: I" S: M2 R5 ` 175. Overloading of facilities' o$ Q6 P% h0 h( ?
176. Stall-in
7 }; w, X) O( { 177. Speak-in+ z: X% W a5 D6 Y
178. Guerrilla theater) \3 F' B! F- |" d9 W* Y$ ^
179. Alternative social institutions. E( d9 z+ u/ `7 P/ @
180. Alternative communication system
$ i$ B6 j/ y# F8 U; n& D" R1 x
Economic Intervention
2 D. r" N( o4 r. s2 }5 b 181. Reverse strike1 R# K: _. z& s% L
182. Stay-in strike
0 v* d! J$ v9 p2 f; ] 183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 L% |/ K. J7 e! ]$ N 184. Defiance of blockades
* _/ k; T+ N H4 G 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ a7 f6 `! a$ s. _4 H7 E
186. Preclusive purchasing
* h2 i1 Y6 M3 N8 Z 187. Seizure of assets) J* x* r. {9 X- t
188. Dumping
% a/ [, F: ]( v! @ 189. Selective patronage$ ?2 X5 K$ |" C- q
190. Alternative markets. |9 b, j& Z* s2 V' }
191. Alternative transportation systems; H" a. q. ?) h- P E
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention- ?2 k- G# }) ^8 g$ T% J
193. Overloading of administrative systems
P; t2 k0 q* R$ y8 {: D! s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents* [) I1 I9 N; X$ U7 P* w3 b, D# _
195. Seeking imprisonment% \) S( w! b3 }2 y. G( Z! |
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 J$ |4 k2 Z4 a& \; n
197. Work-on without collaboration
; ~/ U. W6 m+ X% ~- L' x% a6 P; M. h 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. E+ r6 h5 z6 C, s9 A
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
