 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# f4 r, x, I% \. r# y# H
Formal Statements
& l3 r' W; v; N4 ^7 @: W 1. Public Speeches
6 N/ z8 n& J n! B 2. Letters of opposition or support1 C1 R/ J' U7 ~; b7 z; W
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: b0 I6 z- J4 z) N0 ^3 B: q
4. Signed public statements
+ Y t4 E$ c* ^" S8 ~6 H/ x( Z/ {+ I 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! x6 R2 k, u3 I5 R! g 6. Group or mass petitions
z: k& V" ^, f: Y# G7 |
% r0 P* s: O* p" N, _- p+ J sCommunications with a Wider Audience
4 i4 j: X. j& L0 }, i) q 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, m$ k- ~% k C! O# L 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. A7 S8 s) _4 }: D( q3 N 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books3 V9 M3 f6 R K V }
10. Newspapers and journals7 @6 x* i) G/ f( q, a
11. Records, radio, and television5 z6 N" o3 C8 A
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! \* l: Q. I1 \1 x" x8 r
: N7 K0 v1 [% Z8 i0 c" I% ~/ QGroup Representations
+ ~, }$ y% @9 e7 C4 ` 13. Deputations, c. I" b, ?3 Y
14. Mock awards
, z$ V" s+ c2 y( `7 R# R& ^; u 15. Group lobbying1 P7 A* J6 Y7 J( k
16. Picketing
2 B: Q3 z2 a1 F 17. Mock elections' G6 V/ M" z# U) t) l
' {2 _& [% \, C$ Z6 e
Symbolic Public Acts5 i5 [! r2 O. `3 j
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ z3 o+ ^/ J9 U7 a! j 19. Wearing of symbols5 L- w7 e3 d; u7 H1 Q$ O/ s
20. Prayer and worship; q! p, I$ o& N3 n' f5 c$ b0 O% g$ _
21. Delivering symbolic objects' W/ Z: Z9 }! T1 d
22. Protest disrobings
1 z- a3 Z; q( c6 ] 23. Destruction of own property
! S* c9 A' v6 B6 g8 |# _! N 24. Symbolic lights# D) g+ F+ k* P! o, x. Y: v
25. Displays of portraits
, \9 I+ h2 U$ F. j, Q9 C" r 26. Paint as protest. \: j% f7 U5 `
27. New signs and names h, C* ~$ Z4 b. r$ M" }7 \1 O; N O# s
28. Symbolic sounds" ?# n( N+ B- J1 S
29. Symbolic reclamations
) }9 Y' d& w; m) u( @& L 30. Rude gestures8 Y" C T0 x7 u. q6 B- R- z
) F/ b# l. s, m/ K9 q- m( ~
Pressures on Individuals
" l0 M L e" B' i2 |6 ]+ `1 U 31. “Haunting” officials
5 T) s7 R# ^: ` 32. Taunting officials
7 F6 }- z8 _( ^/ |8 x" X" ]6 { 33. Fraternization$ |# {3 a% w2 }$ T) A$ } k
34. Vigils" `0 L9 C! L3 S0 k' P
9 `8 K. ], r7 U' J9 XDrama and Music) l; Z1 B- f# J8 A. ~
35. Humorous skits and pranks* n! k( T4 \; k, b- j% a3 B& ]
36. Performances of plays and music
; D$ @ g( N5 ^. u D' f 37. Singing4 S, Y! D% e* @* _
' D; A0 n3 f% P1 iProcessions
K3 m5 r$ e- \# Z4 b0 h, X( d0 G 38. Marches( e* N# S( |9 v5 n/ o/ q2 m2 c
39. Parades$ w' X8 u" c! Z! ]% q8 ~
40. Religious processions
9 |0 W5 J; X q; [0 [ 41. Pilgrimages
0 X- y+ H% @) R; L/ }8 D* P. J 42. Motorcades
8 @4 R5 @9 n4 Z, [( r
" ]' R$ s7 ]" O" Y) sHonoring the Dead p* a1 C4 i- x$ T( b
43. Political mourning
( ~, m2 w8 x4 D" q9 c. w 44. Mock funerals
) T# m0 S8 P+ b3 A8 C U0 y 45. Demonstrative funerals
& K% A7 b2 n) O& n L& W- P 46. Homage at burial places7 c' }% b/ |% x' x" K1 s& D
% e- n" {8 n3 ?3 ~Public Assemblies2 b& p/ i* `0 U
47. Assemblies of protest or support- w5 y9 ]2 N$ o! n2 U* \
48. Protest meetings
2 y2 X. e# P5 } 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: I! u8 J- s# R. g0 b 50. Teach-ins- b8 Z; {& z5 }) J8 @
% g* E. ^: n1 X" Z8 VWithdrawal and Renunciation
. j0 C9 H! l, S 51. Walk-outs
: I) G. E: M- u, k 52. Silence
$ U9 m5 J3 Y6 C3 {3 S% x( k% A 53. Renouncing honors
0 Q* O- z6 Y5 t' ^* k 54. Turning one’s back
9 E, l8 |$ }! ~. r% b" e. L7 a$ q1 Q, L
0 w1 e( o# K8 R5 Q: ]+ l7 i$ _! r% c) t6 H% ?/ j% D
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ G2 [0 v# c/ z" l$ Z8 G8 {- V9 E* h2 Q
* X6 d" s* ^ ?) l ! _! G! ]; P3 E* \0 T
! ^. P; j* H9 I+ LOstracism of Persons
& F, x6 E$ m+ z- T2 V: o 55. Social boycott7 j. `% N& b- N, l3 T6 K
56. Selective social boycott d$ F8 R A2 z( _1 V& q9 P1 \
57. Lysistratic nonaction
* _4 P4 {8 r# e; v6 w0 J# K |) w( S 58. Excommunication
0 U1 @( e/ G2 D- m% I8 } 59. Interdict. e# K' m9 g- B q7 ~
! i4 c# o% {3 e6 @Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- S$ J& J) m% k6 ~& n# P 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( g6 U' ~0 e+ r6 j* @' d9 P 61. Boycott of social affairs+ r+ w. ?' Q4 d2 }8 x$ `
62. Student strike. E) f. p+ E/ p' r9 h6 b
63. Social disobedience
% b5 a& m( |) o1 |# G( n0 J. P) p 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% \* K8 t; W2 q0 O
; U: D. B# z. e ^* J& M# U3 dWithdrawal from the Social System
! p9 u! a T1 W- E+ `+ i6 X 65. Stay-at-home
; L% u4 X* a* s, [ 66. Total personal noncooperation
% p2 J- {+ P+ h1 i" T* V 67. “Flight” of workers
% r" d) _) G% x 68. Sanctuary2 T* t, x2 F. P, O
69. Collective disappearance8 i8 L/ n; ~& ~' s# t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat) z0 M( b/ t+ |; Z
: c8 C. a% i+ Y' d w! O C
6 x* ]1 \& c; m5 f8 t" a) w+ x$ P4 O! f/ j) ]. l% K, |6 @ T' r2 J
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 V6 ]2 ~ U4 V
, n- `' L* C7 `' A+ h9 ~& `
. w. k6 F4 M) s1 v: s2 b, S
Actions by Consumers
1 I. D# n) ~" R: x( A 71. Consumers’ boycott
' b. }5 S( a* w; D( b N0 D 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 I% u; I8 G4 V 73. Policy of austerity
# }1 i1 y3 ]. n( R 74. Rent withholding
3 e, }7 d! X/ z2 j* D5 q4 J+ e 75. Refusal to rent
% C+ A# x* u" {( P7 s p 76. National consumers’ boycott& \: d- a$ [" \3 z
77. International consumers’ boycott) _$ Q' w/ C# B9 W7 N
/ W7 K$ b. k2 {7 Y. m) ?* Z* [Action by Workers and Producers/ ~, K9 H" e: Y
78. Workmen’s boycott8 Q# a9 t6 z$ j
79. Producers’ boycott$ Q# B9 I5 K- l/ e- H# V& B
' _, J @: B* ]* ]6 JAction by Middlemen
5 Z" ^/ w# [1 b) l6 V* W7 u1 B 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: |4 ], e5 U4 f+ O) ]: Z0 M: C$ e5 J3 `: { t- x
Action by Owners and Management% m6 l4 h6 s! O6 e7 t. ~0 O% F
81. Traders’ boycott
9 M/ |: g% K% b% b U/ D- N, t 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ ]! v( d8 z; G1 M6 r 83. Lockout
( H9 @) P1 l3 j$ R! m 84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ a: d9 W# j. S }" H/ K2 q/ Y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ C: @ D+ n) q* z" x% ]6 _. q/ S$ D$ T G1 s* }" p0 y
Action by Holders of Financial Resources$ y) I; M3 |; Y- O0 @
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ A- D2 J1 G% F* x' F3 @- W5 Y7 Y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( @; [+ A) H! u& X9 v 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: n0 f& ^, W4 t Y x, H; } 89. Severance of funds and credit
- M$ ^) ]/ N4 ~ 90. Revenue refusal/ B+ p& P. C9 [ V* b3 @
91. Refusal of a government’s money6 m& Y5 D- M. T
% A# ]5 X7 \9 r3 a
Action by Governments
$ j- L/ S: L7 F" [% \ 92. Domestic embargo. g! P! \/ h1 N# f2 j- S
93. Blacklisting of traders& A( f6 U8 E; A4 [0 o
94. International sellers’ embargo. y$ k8 ^2 V; G
95. International buyers’ embargo
! ?5 i3 m5 Z; H' G; `+ j. v K2 d 96. International trade embargo
1 s; n" m' D# Z9 W+ Q8 x' y( ]0 e; ^ Q" z4 I* Y
( T7 B8 c8 g+ D& X7 x
# H5 C/ z! b s# ]
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ D" `, {3 ~) H" u6 s5 o
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+ I# f0 v1 {6 B0 l% s" X
Symbolic Strikes
0 ~4 ? B7 V2 n: h4 m- C. E 97. Protest strike9 l+ [4 T4 r% \2 ^
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)' P: {3 J9 I; ?5 [$ l# n- n
* Y$ o# ?, m* A) z" w
Agricultural Strikes3 ^" h5 I0 L; H, e
99. Peasant strike" E& H8 M: l; {5 d; Z, n
100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 J- ~+ W2 H: I- m# h) t$ v( J+ T* V( Z; {# T1 h
Strikes by Special Groups0 h: @, \: z- u0 `
101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 r0 X2 o0 ]0 U, D% a- G 102. Prisoners’ strike
9 ~' i Y! \+ |4 e) n' y, ? 103. Craft strike6 V" _ v+ n A0 U( C$ e2 e
104. Professional strike Z& t3 f) T3 H0 W
* ^: e$ s8 O5 D6 ]* y, ]) e# Y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes/ s( ]( F1 n$ Z3 ]) C w
105. Establishment strike
# p5 f/ }* J/ ~4 M* P* g1 d 106. Industry strike* Y+ r! P2 o5 s' t
107. Sympathetic strike
4 |( \. t4 f6 _9 Q9 W- E/ p) |% |! F$ p# g9 D3 p
Restricted Strikes3 _! `! _& z5 O& N4 f J
108. Detailed strike
$ a$ E8 x. e3 \4 M. B8 k 109. Bumper strike
4 K' ^0 ~2 _& g* ^1 T1 F; a* t 110. Slowdown strike. A3 l8 ]5 Q& f& D7 M# J# _
111. Working-to-rule strike
% K* @7 I( M$ M- K 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 J% p: b% j3 G 113. Strike by resignation$ b$ Q# B6 D! w8 ^
114. Limited strike. z0 Y0 H; z+ h" ^7 h5 z
115. Selective strike
* F( b- T3 i, v8 [4 S& v
0 {: a- U, m- ?( M% fMulti-Industry Strikes
3 J& W+ f! M1 s5 J- K5 `
: Z+ w8 s$ ~; K O" Z 116. Generalized strike
8 a4 x+ r7 W: [/ h0 Q2 j
/ w M& G' G7 w, n0 S( i; R5 A9 [ 117. General strike; v) F& w9 e" k2 r4 g" _9 v, s
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 } G2 v4 I+ Y% G
+ e- y8 g1 I; e2 m1 M% r7 P
118. Hartal
2 d: r5 g# E' J3 t
0 r5 j" _% h x' W, q% Z, D9 E* l 119. Economic shutdown
. y% C, k3 m- n' G9 e' K1 R# Q/ s" N
. ]8 ~+ m( k: W$ k {
5 M2 p( H- d* P, V, F* lTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; i) j+ ^, U5 v1 U! [/ X
M" E* L1 A! ]: ^, |8 Y6 U6 V
8 z+ S* Z2 S( n9 l% h! ?( z1 `Rejection of Authority2 w& s9 t/ H* z% d5 `' s( i- v+ ?6 q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# i0 d q9 x& O* B, w+ R. F 121. Refusal of public support
- ?; |( Y% Y$ G7 |; j0 a" r 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ G# r$ ]0 K$ V C
5 i/ g a4 ^, b1 HCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government& V0 J' l: G! |3 G
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 t& J" s: Y5 E9 x( f8 I, q 124. Boycott of elections) X9 u J% C/ ~" Z* R0 S$ B
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% p+ g3 U5 H8 M& j; @ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ T0 W: ?; t$ W3 \/ q! ^4 K4 C
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 z$ C* T( [. I$ `
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' X$ [1 p5 K- _( G/ C- w6 C 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ |# p8 V, B. x2 R1 `9 t S 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 A: t5 O! e, p. o9 B1 D9 c 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 n( Q. k. M. G7 ?* a0 Z' P 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ r1 J4 F* a, j3 t7 K6 L8 O7 L
9 P0 [& H. ]! _+ f( [
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. e- m6 ]2 z7 u/ {' {! U1 h 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 R$ C- H% I/ F 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: x( ^ y- B6 P' r+ c7 D' c% x# A, J) X 135. Popular nonobedience; i5 V/ j: k2 \4 w
136. Disguised disobedience8 _% E/ a3 m; d. Y1 G* S1 v
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 _* u, t7 ~) u; o; `* B( ]: y
138. Sitdown
$ m6 T) m* q4 I+ B7 I& O2 Q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ T0 Z4 k9 M% D" f- O+ b# B
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ l0 Y; Q7 j, f5 z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; r& W4 i$ H# k& t& C5 D/ h7 w0 h
0 Q3 T, f0 ^" w/ G/ `+ CAction by Government Personnel
. `5 H1 I) H0 Z) E+ n 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
V' p# Q3 G, l0 q) f 143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ {& b" j- M2 m2 Q- m2 F
144. Stalling and obstruction
1 o7 ^/ v2 \- @. `: z" g9 c' I1 A 145. General administrative noncooperation
1 Y, V1 l: o- g1 w
4 ^5 A. U1 ^: l# P, | 146. Judicial noncooperation( n! h+ E( Y8 k, U5 ~2 e
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. B6 {6 r7 c' { r, K 148. Mutiny0 g& i$ I; v& {( W( E
Domestic Governmental Action9 e$ {. h/ L$ h; H( N% Y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* K! p$ [* U: k+ I8 k$ Z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# W9 A, e2 o( j8 b
' }! M% ?1 f3 t% p% F2 E8 J% d0 O2 g: ]International Governmental Action
) V! v- t0 l H. f9 _, B 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
! v; X7 W6 b/ f5 Q/ C 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; G0 ` k1 ^+ S W+ t6 @' Y
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition# H9 Q$ g/ e9 r! A8 [9 q8 Y& \
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. w! e1 B& W0 |" Y+ k( G4 k 155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 G! N) S- u$ m
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& Z; _0 L8 l# ?& x5 v! `6 V
157. Expulsion from international organizations+ m0 m. I) A( t+ W& a5 x5 k; E
' G8 z4 j. ?$ A. n0 @ 7 z/ ^5 ?4 @- q5 q' J$ {' R( u
/ m6 G- u$ o/ Z8 ~) B. ITHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ H& Y4 O1 y! j# g7 Z
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Psychological Intervention
- x2 r( C$ K8 T+ W6 Y& _ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( P; D3 n% q+ Z7 g7 f5 u1 Y 159. The fast6 f8 { l- X$ X7 D5 a
a) Fast of moral pressure
! r' k4 R3 t1 }9 R% J9 A b) Hunger strike4 x. `& k. Y* t) R
c) Satyagrahic fast
- [( c5 C }; N& d& ?6 j 160. Reverse trial8 a9 u2 z1 S" G3 B( \+ Y
161. Nonviolent harassment
0 ^! v/ Z: x; ~* r, O8 b, O" [, x
8 s( O3 n6 P1 A8 V$ g+ o: iPhysical Intervention
" g3 U* N8 V! l4 L5 } 162. Sit-in9 y' ?2 ~5 x! ]- M
163. Stand-in" O5 m( o8 d h3 ]4 h7 V
164. Ride-in6 W4 V" g2 u( D# E1 E1 S0 w8 ~1 R
165. Wade-in3 {& Q" X }, D5 Q$ v+ M, f u
166. Mill-in) g( p2 N' D! u$ U
167. Pray-in8 m: B$ B7 B7 c) w
168. Nonviolent raids
5 [8 i$ ~& N9 Z. k% e 169. Nonviolent air raids2 `) R5 f; J* }* c3 x* m
170. Nonviolent invasion
" @% ~6 C. \7 T4 `4 x- |; r1 o 171. Nonviolent interjection
' H: J! _& K" M5 z- R 172. Nonviolent obstruction ^& s$ p5 {- T. j6 L* ]
173. Nonviolent occupation/ L4 }% z) z- s7 t) @( O
) I( T4 J' @4 O% q/ I
Social Intervention# w' {9 \9 Z/ U0 _+ M6 e
174. Establishing new social patterns" w H" D# F1 r: X
175. Overloading of facilities
( B$ K! c% ]5 u/ L 176. Stall-in! U9 S3 y, A, i/ y3 U+ O8 M
177. Speak-in: V/ P$ j# b& X
178. Guerrilla theater2 X/ @, Z% w# P9 B& e
179. Alternative social institutions
\7 w/ l8 L4 _3 W- w% D 180. Alternative communication system7 v6 t$ f/ j3 j0 C& q s( ^; O
L0 h$ `$ Z# J* I$ d, i- V2 cEconomic Intervention
9 I9 o! J9 Q: U" n; U6 n5 G 181. Reverse strike
4 \# j$ f) y5 y) a; c& e 182. Stay-in strike
; w3 A8 r4 s. I4 B8 b) h 183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 \2 q4 p" s* Z0 } 184. Defiance of blockades
% i% D$ _+ _7 r, S 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# \* d; d; S8 i! b! Z$ z4 e" E 186. Preclusive purchasing5 ^: Q. t; P! j+ {& @) L3 a' Q! M
187. Seizure of assets: r o7 Y) E) R3 X J8 ^
188. Dumping
3 k& p$ c D! }! { 189. Selective patronage
, v9 M% T: M$ ^( J% U3 }: I/ K 190. Alternative markets
2 Z% b, G. L/ H% z, m& i 191. Alternative transportation systems
! [2 |+ h5 f, g" u 192. Alternative economic institutions* }* ~, A" X& E `- Z; a: X
3 o% M% u2 Y1 _! d1 Y1 ~9 Y, ]. N0 bPolitical Intervention
: I- m( e8 f6 t5 h+ R+ j 193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 E* ]8 N" M; y6 Z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; a) q5 U$ i. R1 L% [0 S 195. Seeking imprisonment
" b8 _- k( S7 g; q# G; N6 B/ } 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 u: D! l& t+ I. @1 ~7 P: J3 u" m
197. Work-on without collaboration5 _1 Z$ ]5 t; x
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government- Y5 @6 O( s4 A7 L
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
