 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION7 |9 l/ @% J3 x5 u$ v8 b
Formal Statements. J: y% A2 D) ^
1. Public Speeches$ J5 B1 A2 g2 i. a8 F" _
2. Letters of opposition or support
( q$ |1 T9 _* D' D5 R 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* h( e) i) _, R5 k; g, O* u4 b( Q0 O
4. Signed public statements( D+ r! x: J J: ^
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, r/ g8 v. q, V* P 6. Group or mass petitions
* a$ q4 i1 {( Y* k
4 C: w' U7 L. k- @5 z9 NCommunications with a Wider Audience
/ I b8 ^4 Y2 Q3 \, \ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' m/ L0 b' R3 _( y" I 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications8 f: r. p( H7 A
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# b! z" |. V: v6 r9 t
10. Newspapers and journals# g+ {0 f- A' u
11. Records, radio, and television9 o) e6 T5 E2 V% f; N- M& W, c
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: g) V, T2 B4 L; ~
+ f% T* s# V$ R6 o3 d; Q% p2 QGroup Representations
$ c% Q' M5 h& z: ^8 s& B8 D6 f& @ 13. Deputations8 A7 L! ?0 F+ m1 f0 }" n+ |3 s
14. Mock awards0 u/ z# x2 v7 L$ R$ t; j; f4 I8 O& c
15. Group lobbying, }! o1 Q* G- T9 D" W8 d' j
16. Picketing7 j2 C& D9 i3 U& k6 o
17. Mock elections& X2 D7 P( ]" c9 E
- P# M1 @: Q q) A+ mSymbolic Public Acts5 }( o6 }; s4 x
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ g. k2 Y# x: G, ^1 e& q 19. Wearing of symbols4 ` M$ f) |- a* w7 d4 H
20. Prayer and worship
1 _0 Z# Z9 S2 |; y* [ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
T) d+ ~0 ~5 }8 o* ^" Q 22. Protest disrobings
5 t& F9 l* s6 y0 r" L. L! _ 23. Destruction of own property
7 ~! B/ { Q* o& z4 Z; I. Z 24. Symbolic lights
0 y6 B' j. B, y: Y! M U# e 25. Displays of portraits: I4 w- b" F; J. `
26. Paint as protest4 i# i( V/ o! @6 H
27. New signs and names6 m6 o7 [, V/ f! ?& o1 J
28. Symbolic sounds
. _6 q+ a# R8 C) m( ~$ c" e0 ^$ w/ u. j 29. Symbolic reclamations
5 `7 Z7 M4 t; D, L9 @" G% `# \ 30. Rude gestures1 g* F7 @( f% F! I$ d
) J- b6 z$ z _* u% E, I. F
Pressures on Individuals" a$ J% ~0 R! l7 n
31. “Haunting” officials
4 `* p' A0 E- B$ X: n 32. Taunting officials
) n6 p8 k; C! J 33. Fraternization
* k/ C* U% q. e 34. Vigils( w! v) \* P% \# S& H! }8 u% L
( D/ U u7 L8 O" ~) n; qDrama and Music
3 W# p7 ~; D! f 35. Humorous skits and pranks$ ?3 g1 n- R. O% H) Y' I1 E
36. Performances of plays and music
) O, J2 q2 |6 I4 q6 Q 37. Singing/ |% m' e6 s# W# M! ^' M5 F
$ Y( e: v2 K0 J! ~( U1 d+ M" f' D0 U9 N
Processions
- E: Y/ e2 N$ W: q- `) p# M: o 38. Marches7 P) f' H- I, R# V" G$ q
39. Parades0 G; m: C8 r& W
40. Religious processions9 H6 r' j8 B# q$ j% o c
41. Pilgrimages
8 D1 `" w( K) l; {3 y 42. Motorcades* ~7 A7 U8 x1 ]4 w
" D' D" s; ^) QHonoring the Dead
) A* r% `- |/ n8 w7 {+ n8 U2 H3 s 43. Political mourning
. Y$ U& K* h0 Z. O7 i 44. Mock funerals
- c, f# W1 B' v+ m 45. Demonstrative funerals
7 o9 N P" C* Y8 {9 ?6 z$ k0 V; x 46. Homage at burial places
4 I' W( u; }2 U
c1 \+ i% |! oPublic Assemblies
- }: h6 d* |4 m+ E& a' f 47. Assemblies of protest or support j( O5 }7 o% W# H2 x$ `2 b
48. Protest meetings
: y6 [$ n9 c1 l' `) \! Z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest i! D R2 T& t: X" p& ~: U+ H
50. Teach-ins
! f( v. }( A" k# |
3 t( c# p' i. a8 B- AWithdrawal and Renunciation- h0 E' d6 [3 O3 s0 V0 h: M
51. Walk-outs2 j0 \2 K+ V' Q- N6 J) O- D
52. Silence8 T/ d3 o) K$ G6 Z6 g
53. Renouncing honors
% J1 w* {# S+ B |% ^- w# K! n 54. Turning one’s back
3 S$ b; N, x+ n2 ]
* b9 R% t7 l9 F
; s7 _' B6 c" g9 r* z3 P
# L9 w: _9 l: B# JTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
% }5 L' b6 ~# ]8 m j" C j# s" t4 G' R
( d+ \( r8 D: A2 A' k# y2 r
6 b) G6 l8 R$ Z: \; [4 m& X4 IOstracism of Persons/ g5 u- d/ t8 f4 }4 e9 y
55. Social boycott
& G) N: G f/ N8 \5 U9 R+ V& {# B 56. Selective social boycott. C7 i0 l3 T/ ~4 y: V. I, d1 I
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; E- M* `+ E8 x5 d- ?4 Q 58. Excommunication/ B* _* I' A" t4 k% w
59. Interdict
" F! J2 S/ b/ U! i0 F+ m5 z
! d; Q1 P2 F' g, e ONoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions h- j. h7 }% i. h
60. Suspension of social and sports activities& m% f9 U) J; A9 T Z) z
61. Boycott of social affairs: a9 b9 o2 e, {
62. Student strike* M" n4 V' X3 m2 n |# W
63. Social disobedience
1 z% w: }0 {/ g* c: [8 B 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& d% ?% x ]. U4 k* O# x0 q0 g6 @
Withdrawal from the Social System
, q' D5 N5 s" J/ T. f4 d 65. Stay-at-home8 a7 `8 P0 X7 S s
66. Total personal noncooperation
% x4 O' {3 M0 V! i, m u 67. “Flight” of workers
" x3 I+ a. o8 ^& |8 M L 68. Sanctuary" w! g) I$ S% P6 O
69. Collective disappearance
% v$ r9 S; L' J' ~4 U" X. [9 ^! [, P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 Q$ E# ^. a0 i: ?7 s# R7 o2 [5 Z: G5 p: r/ L
1 f6 U, N# j5 t' n' P. Y1 W" H
% J5 B) P- j& B. `
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS* o4 j& B* Q' z2 I
7 U4 L8 B+ w/ D) b0 f
% |! V$ t) W0 C/ Y0 W$ XActions by Consumers9 T2 @: J# k1 ?7 V) \' @
71. Consumers’ boycott8 c$ E) O' s, w! f" @
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 q+ A1 B0 L) l1 Q8 i 73. Policy of austerity
% k; T; i. C R5 S9 R 74. Rent withholding
3 K* C; N* ~, B3 n7 g/ q# Z 75. Refusal to rent
4 [, F1 i( {2 ~$ L R. B$ v 76. National consumers’ boycott
4 @& r* `* i0 c: U( ~/ D3 G. G- { 77. International consumers’ boycott
+ Q& h" Y. n/ G6 _3 s Q& Y+ F2 c# k) B* y( K$ m0 C' T: F' m
Action by Workers and Producers8 c n6 U( x$ |% d6 x1 o0 a
78. Workmen’s boycott
: a6 `- u* K7 k% j* i8 @! c1 x$ y 79. Producers’ boycott6 Q0 s0 G3 ^2 x0 S# ]2 e9 j# G
) I; ?9 k! s9 G% z4 rAction by Middlemen
2 D4 q9 Y7 y4 j4 R% n 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
- F7 B/ F, p( Q; \5 g0 \1 S% u! R: }, M; f7 [
Action by Owners and Management
; J& n4 i$ K" h( P9 e3 } 81. Traders’ boycott6 g, T$ @$ b. m3 ~# l4 b1 ]
82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 w. q2 ^6 J7 C4 w' t4 J( V- X 83. Lockout3 x9 y, d5 r0 n3 i1 O3 \+ p
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ Q& J9 b2 q0 [) a 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, b! A8 |" j& J& \7 v$ n6 n' v6 E5 m$ k
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
6 U$ X% p. p6 Z1 J. T+ g H2 {" h3 V2 u 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ A% W9 B$ K7 a9 j% f' U& J4 f7 a 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 a l% @' T q, i. g0 z 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 ?' B t, v0 R* c 89. Severance of funds and credit
! Y; _* `& W0 l0 ~$ \* u1 x7 J. L) Z 90. Revenue refusal$ K8 U5 d2 z7 g- z* ]
91. Refusal of a government’s money
( V7 Q9 J* g/ @6 F0 R, D( s
3 G, o' G( ^3 M( [Action by Governments
: w+ j7 o1 x, s5 o x 92. Domestic embargo
4 ^ P+ J2 ~( c: Q 93. Blacklisting of traders
; l9 A6 q1 X& m- J6 Y4 Q' @ 94. International sellers’ embargo) P4 {' T! c0 m" S+ {$ ?
95. International buyers’ embargo6 x& y/ p" N9 }
96. International trade embargo0 q/ Z: H: c, [" X: U
0 }3 J" h* n# J! x" J
8 K4 s$ u, `$ t8 u( G7 R. t* a
5 Y9 e" \. S1 U; K: P3 \5 P
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! Y: g' Z5 E6 k
' \8 b' G# ]# f6 `+ k J
% _& T; [1 B8 [" RSymbolic Strikes4 e& T& N9 p: A! A
97. Protest strike; i* T& Q* x' z6 j* G; R$ F
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 p9 q6 F0 {9 `" O8 `% g+ @5 w4 j O( Q! P
Agricultural Strikes3 \' H0 ^, `0 W7 m' g9 I
99. Peasant strike; R5 `$ V4 v7 Y3 p
100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 R/ T# T) d1 C! i& B+ i' M* H* {
Strikes by Special Groups. z+ q2 m" U/ ] d0 D
101. Refusal of impressed labor
# p% _4 [/ Z4 S6 v& v. O4 H5 ^ 102. Prisoners’ strike2 |5 F8 B' o7 q! B( y
103. Craft strike
$ k( C u! G8 N9 l7 Z9 N' E 104. Professional strike2 i8 b" }* u& F! K
/ o+ a# D6 B8 G8 S' U& Y0 A- vOrdinary Industrial Strikes
/ N5 R5 l9 V( {( w9 E& y0 Y 105. Establishment strike1 Z6 x" W" g4 c* P. \
106. Industry strike2 I1 F8 b) C' J8 h8 C0 S- ]+ L
107. Sympathetic strike
( {3 h w) N" j8 V' x$ P" C/ @% s* T! K* R& }9 W. N: B) H! ^
Restricted Strikes% W+ _! {0 f$ u7 H0 }1 w
108. Detailed strike7 d- \# @0 i) T
109. Bumper strike
* m# S5 P: ^% s 110. Slowdown strike9 \1 `) u6 K; o
111. Working-to-rule strike
6 l. j' [, L1 U: o+ Y' d3 X: H C 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)# d- @! e [5 f5 o2 D* C: K
113. Strike by resignation
& H: V# |/ r- | 114. Limited strike
/ j8 B2 Z# y; {3 v: `. k 115. Selective strike
. ?& \9 L' X+ _" d8 b6 f% G' C% a6 C0 I! f8 j/ a
Multi-Industry Strikes' M" u+ z$ |; v. Z) m( X
" o5 ]! t* j+ Z$ L T
116. Generalized strike4 q" N3 a& n- R$ f8 d
/ R- J" K* a* E2 A 117. General strike
4 d7 e& X9 k7 C4 w0 e- P( g' w) v8 Y
/ q \' w" _- \ D R9 LCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures" @& G; Z$ ^0 L/ i
1 e- @$ Z) L% F# r
118. Hartal
( |* n$ B- N3 P& @8 j$ E/ a7 E
! H7 E7 e6 O# H5 s 119. Economic shutdown
! T4 z' R+ P# _ [2 a, |" V8 V
9 s! C# U1 T/ Q+ n3 D5 `
% w" q8 ]! J8 H9 T0 c8 k
: [1 m6 L; S# z( ?9 zTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION2 V, S& p7 |7 }$ I p2 j! R' o
! T- L& k9 w1 l6 r3 \. D3 n
& c0 x$ Y; S& [( ^Rejection of Authority
2 s+ U: @4 S8 d9 [: E" Q) z 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 `" [2 _# e8 `; X n4 q( I 121. Refusal of public support" M! I8 n, ]2 R& N- h" J
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& @6 _& P$ b# R @
# ?0 S) n x5 i/ JCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government' V# h- h% p# l, E
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% P. w9 Q) h. T: C% x% U 124. Boycott of elections- N$ z1 i4 B3 h. E
125. Boycott of government employment and positions% c2 A- J6 f1 |5 X
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& d; `) I% I; u" m3 Z( [* ~
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
O1 n( R, R1 s T% J9 n9 w! k 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 u( Y) \% d# ?" } 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents3 }! s( O5 C: }% P5 m7 w* j( V% J( ~
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
7 G! M# p: c0 M7 ] 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; t' ]% r! ^6 j6 R9 |3 I- l! I
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% @1 |- p5 W P" ^! z/ z0 A
6 F5 ]4 ~ {: O, V( F! }- u" y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 c( a( C5 \1 ~% g E% |7 B
133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 m: t1 S( E4 M4 Z& f! k
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 r: ]9 Z: v e6 q* r+ k 135. Popular nonobedience
0 D' a6 n3 S. I& l) _ q5 k) D' \5 \ 136. Disguised disobedience& ?6 `5 P* G+ W7 r( ^
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 Q7 ~" J* E- E; B% f/ T0 {
138. Sitdown
! w4 t+ q4 a: `/ f' R$ e" s 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& C& I; `) G! p
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, r* r4 |& h8 H1 Z! A' M& B. }- \ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
( J. l" B2 I, w
" S$ y8 I$ c% j, a5 D- I" LAction by Government Personnel0 ]4 ]2 U6 A# |$ Z. k& P
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 o) y$ B2 I& c) r1 \9 I* D; [) [" v
143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 Q2 |" y* R2 r, U: O/ O
144. Stalling and obstruction+ h/ v7 f- a2 c7 r/ d9 g! W
145. General administrative noncooperation/ R) \% y4 A5 G! ]# F: B" A$ }
6 f3 o' a: G( o! F9 T/ A, p; k( o
146. Judicial noncooperation
9 w4 K" n# {" E, Q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( Y, P9 ^* m: B5 |$ c 148. Mutiny1 H0 J C! x$ H( i7 V) E! q
Domestic Governmental Action5 P! t7 w7 A) p3 E
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
1 ~; j) M$ V/ T 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 s8 e0 u: ^+ c4 Z& V# C/ {5 g: u; r8 j7 a7 c7 M
International Governmental Action# h9 ^' d' R& k b( A- | h
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* G$ X! z6 a$ \7 X
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 b8 o* s/ V- g( I
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition# d0 U5 z# e6 J# I4 k2 v8 g
154. Severance of diplomatic relations* { q1 A. d6 L6 _/ t( d5 i
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. t) ^4 V$ g' O+ q1 g2 j+ p 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 d0 W5 @+ X$ o' ~
157. Expulsion from international organizations# M7 v3 Q- a7 V& f
; Q0 Y6 g( g4 a4 T( o4 [
! c, a y* J% w$ H" z0 g( f5 J( }; F4 |/ Y! o$ z
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 S, @/ B/ }& K- y0 B$ C+ e
( j1 c. f" f0 q( w7 I/ S! ~ 7 D j, {3 q1 Y
Psychological Intervention5 a; a: Y5 @7 d* v" d- h# j1 f
158. Self-exposure to the elements
: X) K6 j+ W- x4 m5 a' N/ b 159. The fast! L- r1 N& T: a- b% M8 L
a) Fast of moral pressure
2 D' H; s2 w: l9 v \8 V2 Y) R b) Hunger strike. B, }+ G6 a1 d/ w5 [0 C9 [
c) Satyagrahic fast
- ?6 h: c* K! z( {1 Q1 @0 W% s 160. Reverse trial
; c3 b% n& L- X 161. Nonviolent harassment, b6 R( K; e# t% i: D3 c: S
, ]: h! D8 }& N+ f
Physical Intervention3 y1 V9 j/ d" K4 S8 Q$ a; \: B
162. Sit-in$ o* G9 R: ^7 O% \
163. Stand-in
6 H6 x* P0 F6 B8 d7 n7 n 164. Ride-in. p- _( }+ L) C+ L! a) F2 k
165. Wade-in3 E! z0 g+ A2 P' k8 U6 e9 p
166. Mill-in
, O) R4 P& Q2 [3 r 167. Pray-in3 f) d$ K8 L6 w+ U0 A0 @- G
168. Nonviolent raids
# F4 s4 K* G5 @4 u$ S- o 169. Nonviolent air raids* g9 ^. A8 R2 q9 F- s
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 X: F- r- @1 w0 s: D 171. Nonviolent interjection
$ \: ]7 k& }( d 172. Nonviolent obstruction
. l$ q( Y, R. ^8 d' A# z 173. Nonviolent occupation6 @, C7 B4 H& n1 R7 n2 x
1 A5 r/ |7 j! {Social Intervention( B! a5 m- x* y6 p
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 d/ P9 k" B/ Y& c 175. Overloading of facilities
N A1 E+ g) n6 @+ @ 176. Stall-in
! ^9 p% `# @$ R! F 177. Speak-in! G1 c7 W4 D0 }/ {" C
178. Guerrilla theater
8 I5 n, i. X( ]/ d- t d0 l 179. Alternative social institutions. A& {- h9 O o, g
180. Alternative communication system& r! Y/ Y4 w- u3 u3 h
5 ]! s4 N7 T; n9 w+ T+ t) P
Economic Intervention
0 g6 b# {; Q% b: \4 \$ x+ F 181. Reverse strike
! M( H- N8 v' M$ J% e 182. Stay-in strike
5 {8 W! R5 q6 P" i 183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ s9 |, x: u0 M7 k9 p$ v5 E4 _ 184. Defiance of blockades
6 y! f8 g. ?5 K 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' y. p! D9 T; m) E6 ]5 s
186. Preclusive purchasing* F! Q$ J8 J- D* F
187. Seizure of assets
4 v! |6 _- R; X% N! q5 M7 p% I R 188. Dumping
7 f5 X9 x2 z1 |+ d b! G 189. Selective patronage
- q! a5 q6 G7 A) K2 V) M; C. U 190. Alternative markets
9 B9 p: N) x q0 P6 P 191. Alternative transportation systems2 e1 Q* ?0 _, O0 X7 f+ j: |
192. Alternative economic institutions+ `+ e1 @4 T: b7 f! H* p7 b2 ]
% q* r L1 e( w6 I2 o* a* K, TPolitical Intervention: ^& a) x5 D! ?! D h6 r
193. Overloading of administrative systems1 h9 H' A/ |1 \! ?
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 t/ k ]5 H; N' l
195. Seeking imprisonment
, Z" q9 \4 T* @- v' _0 H 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% o& l2 B" _; b9 \% i9 l/ y 197. Work-on without collaboration
( t; p( j: s1 }4 o p3 U V u 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 B! S; n+ G- x+ m- ] I: u* u
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
