 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION s! R+ x+ ^2 ^# N" I6 F
Formal Statements0 `- v9 g$ w) ^$ M
1. Public Speeches
0 o0 P8 ]4 g1 ]5 N4 t. \* I2 U) \& d 2. Letters of opposition or support* b! Z. T: }2 V- H! F
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ _* ~/ z% ~( Z8 Z5 z2 I
4. Signed public statements
! P, q. W- I: I" L; l 5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 u5 J# \5 c |: T1 W0 m
6. Group or mass petitions
5 ^% K( Q. b9 e) ?! v( A
$ f" p4 C2 a, J c- f* iCommunications with a Wider Audience
) J0 s# V3 ^+ G" C M( |8 U$ ~ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 P9 I r6 g+ [. {" s E$ j& U
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) q/ W0 X6 v4 U4 F+ B 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books: C0 M- g$ _6 d- r( C7 w
10. Newspapers and journals! Y2 J3 [& Q4 I
11. Records, radio, and television3 r' O+ Z! D- C S4 p7 D; V% ~6 ]
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 y6 b, d6 p2 f/ p# g7 k& O
) z8 Y& V! k; R+ F- OGroup Representations$ w# g0 b* m; \* w
13. Deputations. V6 F; v' K E( P$ G; j+ _5 E
14. Mock awards
+ t2 T; w B5 q8 K4 j 15. Group lobbying
% b8 }6 X" j3 Q0 O 16. Picketing
4 s8 x" E/ ?# h& ? 17. Mock elections3 `$ L) m/ g' c$ e& M. Y
" P Q' X( X* h0 g. u X4 @% `
Symbolic Public Acts: q4 c! v% z- K# w5 J+ \! u+ t# x
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- Z2 a! _) W7 ~% f' V, \8 ^ 19. Wearing of symbols T$ G; x% Q( ]+ d$ |( x
20. Prayer and worship! ^$ g/ W3 i' w& \3 Y0 L& ?
21. Delivering symbolic objects
' i% j. D+ R9 Y2 w$ L- D$ W 22. Protest disrobings
k- N- |. b5 G 23. Destruction of own property4 M0 s& B. n" {
24. Symbolic lights& |% g8 d7 B' [5 l5 U4 k
25. Displays of portraits
& U, R' T. @% i" d 26. Paint as protest& _% a. b$ G6 U& D# y
27. New signs and names
3 d4 N) y% ]. z4 U2 c8 ^$ y 28. Symbolic sounds
% d, _* z! G& k. \# ^ 29. Symbolic reclamations) w; {5 C+ b# Z6 ?$ C
30. Rude gestures
/ d3 S. ]5 e% ?# u
{; p h& W6 o5 T- ?* U* bPressures on Individuals
9 o) n9 j, d- w' T& U 31. “Haunting” officials
, x0 ?& y2 K7 {; N; ^( I d6 L 32. Taunting officials
/ w0 L0 m2 M- e+ o' U% t3 K, L4 k 33. Fraternization4 n U+ u5 V# T
34. Vigils8 J' o6 L* r) S( f! K
2 v {9 d& k3 \9 uDrama and Music) N' c! B- Y4 U u6 I: z, A
35. Humorous skits and pranks/ H: q5 }# ~4 _! a
36. Performances of plays and music% ^5 h0 B8 x% y! b( Z
37. Singing
) N) ?& v% E* Y8 L# }
& e$ s! s+ f9 M6 E! _7 hProcessions/ g$ X4 h3 @2 v$ z0 c. Q
38. Marches
. Z0 ^1 L- u& T% ^; r2 y3 A4 k 39. Parades
; p p/ `' C/ Y. _3 W 40. Religious processions6 A- C( c8 S3 u; D- l$ m4 p
41. Pilgrimages
2 `5 J6 V9 c. d! ] 42. Motorcades
% [7 \! [( S f% v+ Z: Z. e! }+ x! O/ ?+ q# ^5 [6 Q
Honoring the Dead
/ v! e3 W; \+ q* T) R7 _4 ]( ~1 t 43. Political mourning
# w' Q) H9 D0 q' j: F% u8 y' ^$ m 44. Mock funerals
) d5 Z N5 h+ X( a/ d6 G 45. Demonstrative funerals
# s7 k+ R: V4 x/ a4 Z0 i5 ] 46. Homage at burial places
2 J& N' Z$ I' }8 Q m1 D$ K; O I: K; S1 E5 ?6 Y
Public Assemblies% B* n: ]# i# ^2 i) x6 X; T
47. Assemblies of protest or support
) w$ c- I7 M& B l' ]+ ?. Z 48. Protest meetings
! O' j! \9 x$ L 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" I2 W# q8 V! U; q$ } 50. Teach-ins
6 h8 R# r! `- ~4 K. I& q* i! m4 V6 t$ A9 B5 C/ l+ f" h ]. l
Withdrawal and Renunciation
, |5 H9 j% {. P" b( f+ ~. _ 51. Walk-outs
; I6 @& t& Y3 q" Z, ^% j: B 52. Silence' W6 `; k( y/ K$ Q8 o+ q
53. Renouncing honors0 ?( L a( O# G, p2 c/ B
54. Turning one’s back
1 t& U* m T8 e
: e# r& K5 L% y% [& a, V
: s' c* E* S- J' W. Z7 q! x8 e' K2 k1 m( Y
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 Z i* Z8 ~6 K
/ w! ]0 q( X0 K) ^- E9 w/ U
1 \, p. Z( @% `6 w$ A- Y
: G$ N. I9 t+ X1 kOstracism of Persons, o3 ?! S- T( s4 R8 |
55. Social boycott
- d: w. J: K, M$ x 56. Selective social boycott
4 g* w7 v2 L; q$ T! z7 u0 q' [ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 N5 c& b4 J" g0 X 58. Excommunication
9 s* g9 _% c1 A3 G 59. Interdict
8 G% g; @. x6 ?; C R
7 M( ?( _% i9 q( iNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) l' y& Q3 M5 H: G$ `$ m, x
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. H# P, o) G- ^ 61. Boycott of social affairs
. f* n c @! f) H 62. Student strike
) E2 V! H, _2 V A& v6 M, M 63. Social disobedience' X; _6 X* A+ T) }
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
F" y& H( L0 K8 l
+ G0 b# Z3 Q% FWithdrawal from the Social System# O, q j7 K+ H B+ ?/ V
65. Stay-at-home. w( \% ?: s- h# I
66. Total personal noncooperation
4 i! x% W9 @$ ~8 S' i 67. “Flight” of workers f. O& \5 a! g" D0 f
68. Sanctuary' g a9 T( B5 E0 L: d8 W# A2 r" A
69. Collective disappearance
1 Q! s9 o$ |" ?7 P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% u8 e& a) U; Y1 B% [
* ?" y. j; _* }/ }. `# d
; M: W, I+ f2 S; Q' A& a+ N
( ], M5 ~/ v* |, w+ x' @5 B
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. h( A7 `" v6 M7 [. j% F6 A4 U9 M
6 }* D: T( i3 {% b8 G I7 q2 J! ~
" q. j' z" Y- ~' p; y6 |" h- ?* xActions by Consumers
, [/ U( W, Q8 \9 z 71. Consumers’ boycott
; k/ u0 k2 e; M+ s4 i' _ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; C. K3 L; j0 K1 r, V 73. Policy of austerity# T0 B# f3 H6 ~. t1 A% H( B0 K
74. Rent withholding
4 O2 A3 V1 c% W) y 75. Refusal to rent7 d/ l5 w; k, ]; T
76. National consumers’ boycott
/ v% A; ?1 d) x# s 77. International consumers’ boycott
; f; p6 {9 v' G$ D/ j
& Q+ p1 p- P) U4 aAction by Workers and Producers
* ~0 Y0 b' k0 i 78. Workmen’s boycott; z$ E8 D) g3 S" y
79. Producers’ boycott+ c# s/ H: Q4 S. r
1 }! t+ \ V3 F- r, O- sAction by Middlemen
8 q, Q( Q1 X# i8 N$ i; k0 p 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 L6 w# z- _ s$ d% O/ N, I
2 k! ^/ I8 v/ [, r7 j* E# C4 ~Action by Owners and Management u8 h, q0 K% @ q* u5 `, N
81. Traders’ boycott% I5 a# M9 L/ g! u4 i+ v7 f
82. Refusal to let or sell property7 M: s$ h" Q9 z" ?" q) e
83. Lockout
2 k- L; [( G4 q$ a3 u% Z/ r# N+ K 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
0 U3 x* {: [4 @! S; i ?1 Y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( I+ w d3 c) F- c! K* u, ]; U, w& Q- m
2 p6 i( Q9 S- u0 E9 a( bAction by Holders of Financial Resources" U* A5 Z# s/ V+ ?' r/ n1 p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; c+ P. _' U. L- b- m7 H U% o: r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- }9 Q2 _4 {+ y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- p9 ]; z) @5 w, m1 F! J5 j 89. Severance of funds and credit
* ]6 p5 Z3 \" d6 v! j! J1 |; b7 Y' i 90. Revenue refusal" d* U6 f3 {7 f5 ^3 ~" |
91. Refusal of a government’s money, D6 O! E0 O- n( p6 W: ^
- l, l$ ?1 N. a- B
Action by Governments C% t# ?9 P5 O6 |, p+ p% \/ X
92. Domestic embargo
% d3 z, e c/ |4 z 93. Blacklisting of traders* c# z/ ?5 [3 c, |/ ^
94. International sellers’ embargo
; Y6 k9 ~6 l# R: L& G9 v" b 95. International buyers’ embargo
2 z. L1 z8 r; B! b$ k 96. International trade embargo
: Z/ k# J$ a; i; v
' G4 F- V W* h & c& m: h4 R, @
3 h" j* E3 |; P. e, o/ v# ]% x* t
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
" L8 i1 @- G) K( u8 u6 X. D8 r3 D' B& o2 N7 J
/ m4 ^ z u9 m% aSymbolic Strikes# | A; v! F& ~8 G. `, N) { A
97. Protest strike
3 ~7 l( @3 _/ {: V9 \ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# T7 P( }. ^+ T$ B* T& E; ^9 R" d3 f8 d
Agricultural Strikes ` X: y: h" E4 E6 K' L
99. Peasant strike9 U; ^( H$ W0 K8 c( x
100. Farm Workers’ strike6 ~# n: [' c# b: L- z
) i9 v+ S# {# h3 a1 q& {
Strikes by Special Groups2 t! g: l% }7 q3 @/ T, J# w
101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ P8 F% O a$ c. s9 |. ? 102. Prisoners’ strike- W: d1 e5 D; _4 t1 I: X
103. Craft strike% Z3 e0 R( A( E7 {) Y& m+ p8 C: x
104. Professional strike
, H; u% ^' W5 J# m, a7 |
" F; j$ W3 k8 POrdinary Industrial Strikes
5 i2 C; Y- k, S+ ], _ 105. Establishment strike
, N/ a* \1 I I( Z7 U5 L% m 106. Industry strike8 e' y2 U) I5 i
107. Sympathetic strike
) I( }" ]+ J; u6 w6 v- B1 \8 q. Q% h8 q5 r5 p8 W: _% G. G
Restricted Strikes% o2 Y- h/ f$ _/ W8 S& P
108. Detailed strike" a G! y, \$ I! C' D8 e8 c0 y; t
109. Bumper strike3 ^( q9 ~7 M0 ~$ |
110. Slowdown strike
. G( v2 {6 ?" v 111. Working-to-rule strike# \: L& Y) n) @- ^: }
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 V& _$ G+ G- d% S7 Z 113. Strike by resignation
- Z( X6 D- F' i+ s2 L$ \ 114. Limited strike
# t) N0 Q" P1 T7 s+ I, u6 Y7 z 115. Selective strike) O3 m- [6 l: E ~( o4 c4 `
$ e$ C3 `$ G' U: A" u7 F; cMulti-Industry Strikes
5 q# `9 {# h1 F
- T, o. G* h) ?6 v+ T n+ z 116. Generalized strike
1 G4 g) K$ s1 b# ], D5 W- f. i- ]: J/ K" J8 t
117. General strike
2 B; G" g( J# {. Y }
$ D' L2 o) [: ^# MCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures# f- Q/ t# w7 h
/ [% m0 U1 E! n' x# J/ H 118. Hartal
! U7 R" {2 l$ c' x+ J: i+ l% U2 b" c% _; u8 p4 Z+ v. Z& ]# ^' c6 y" F/ Z
119. Economic shutdown
5 x/ B' C9 W+ L; M& Z2 A4 i+ f0 ~. n& F, P
' u" U8 S% ^7 V! ?( G
. M; Q: |0 h P' z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
4 F- ?+ u0 R2 y) W* S0 ~
0 @( Z3 {+ |6 ^2 \8 v2 J) U* ?! D
1 ]5 t: M" L2 {5 |. uRejection of Authority- X3 U) g2 o. A
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
, g7 g; x: H8 v: I 121. Refusal of public support2 B* P3 F d+ v' k6 ^, m4 `
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 P( d2 g# q, ]* R& ?: }; j& P$ w6 u% F; |% h5 I# h
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! z" [, |+ z- G( p* S# B; k' O
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; `4 \) G0 s' [: ]& ?" s" i. O6 J 124. Boycott of elections' @7 s! o/ I% I+ U1 g3 L! ?2 e
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" J+ B, ]6 v: v- A 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 B' @, G- J' `& U. Y, }! ~( A1 u
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 h3 q, A) V( {* P+ H) @) d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, y& V) r) g; r$ p+ h& w* {
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 J Y- v% r. v ~ }# R 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 m% c9 D; j5 q6 s. P 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ C: k) s3 M* W$ Q7 ] 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ |8 k6 S% ]: g0 H( L
& n( n$ L# H. E0 q8 iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ f' _5 p4 j5 [/ L# W: W 133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ I: t1 |5 \$ J8 c" J
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 ~1 }1 `1 A/ K' y+ `
135. Popular nonobedience* d( M. w, T( Y" N8 w
136. Disguised disobedience
( W1 i7 j5 S6 \% ?7 A& c& Q 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 G# G+ \ m& t: @
138. Sitdown
) t2 W5 E4 `, ~ b* w9 M 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) g) z( B' M3 R& Y9 H/ v 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' G3 s) B) Y8 }: Z9 x 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 p: ^* `; `# S+ Q$ F
1 M4 m( O# l: V5 F. U yAction by Government Personnel/ d% o6 M q$ R4 `# a% B
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( I2 N$ i- h& N6 D" P) b+ { 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; N u, |% x' l; O4 K6 G 144. Stalling and obstruction- {% q' w3 _1 |! f& L/ x
145. General administrative noncooperation! q! ]0 b- z7 w) a! {& N
2 P! G, q1 o( V# V9 d
146. Judicial noncooperation
4 y) x: ?8 j/ v# n) w3 Y7 ~/ @ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- F- y1 `( a6 x/ Y4 ?& z
148. Mutiny# J* x9 l4 D. n% D) x' ~
Domestic Governmental Action, p# a: r$ m8 D0 v; d
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' X+ @4 G3 M$ j; k# [$ G2 l
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" R% ^% k+ }! p: s5 S; f8 r; Z
- g2 w* k1 J; a
International Governmental Action2 R9 r% s2 Z9 f4 {
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations9 i0 e4 A3 a4 k4 ~8 |; Y) A7 l
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% I0 F2 M# d0 h1 g4 M% l
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* h% ^2 S+ n* T1 r 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' n3 [( I3 s4 N
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 b! K- U; @6 `, ?7 o 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 }3 d' p; X8 e! g) @ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
$ {, f6 P: d+ x+ m) q% U
7 {7 B! v+ E5 b" y1 E: v
# l0 q" ^$ h3 i1 O6 a" G; N
5 A$ O, t3 `6 K$ _) v' M& ATHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
# v6 P" j* u g8 F) s8 b' o
3 S' [: u5 i" b, {; w/ K& o1 d " z/ g% t r3 G* M/ ^9 ?
Psychological Intervention* S7 S1 {1 r ~# g) Q
158. Self-exposure to the elements
" e) k- V( f1 x J 159. The fast5 V1 w4 m) q) b/ ]3 L6 P
a) Fast of moral pressure8 N' B$ O9 L7 k" a# d
b) Hunger strike
c5 d' ~2 U! g# t6 e( f5 c# ~ c) Satyagrahic fast$ N0 D O% h" P( g1 G! ~2 R
160. Reverse trial: _& F4 ?0 q. ?+ e" y$ e
161. Nonviolent harassment
/ [! C! t) E( a3 G" c- f$ `! O0 L
) U, J. E; u4 b8 ~/ OPhysical Intervention
* m# t- U: j7 D* W 162. Sit-in
# J0 S# H% O. T: s1 C" ?7 c) R 163. Stand-in) C' E2 R+ }$ N3 q4 W
164. Ride-in6 z1 q; P1 q0 I: C% q$ |
165. Wade-in
3 h% a$ F; u C( ?0 S7 N) \ 166. Mill-in2 W! s: x0 r" G
167. Pray-in
, L6 I% o: W; _) E/ H 168. Nonviolent raids9 {4 n; g% s5 J3 q# U9 Z
169. Nonviolent air raids
3 }1 R: n" V* Q& z5 l 170. Nonviolent invasion
5 c2 g( J1 a- @! u; d+ ^1 s7 C 171. Nonviolent interjection2 `$ E6 U6 c3 d2 Y
172. Nonviolent obstruction
. G' L! k+ _8 D4 ^8 h7 L1 ?8 ] 173. Nonviolent occupation
- i) k% g7 R( g; y0 X9 g. F$ b1 X& b% V4 f4 P4 s; A3 z
Social Intervention2 c" `9 R: D" c. W2 t9 l5 @, k
174. Establishing new social patterns
4 | o3 h5 | _9 B1 p1 p8 O# ? 175. Overloading of facilities
' q$ ` \; H% s) J/ c5 K" |# C, [ 176. Stall-in* [4 k7 j* \7 Y }9 ?
177. Speak-in
- z+ ?. u% I, k' S" u 178. Guerrilla theater1 C$ o+ Q7 D# D& X5 b
179. Alternative social institutions
7 k! Z, Z; P+ x( _; S# m' I& h2 S 180. Alternative communication system
& g6 o- h' w: [5 {4 U9 L2 C5 ` m* l* r
Economic Intervention( U2 ] X" q( c4 R4 W, \, O
181. Reverse strike$ m8 n" f3 Z1 e8 b+ ~
182. Stay-in strike! N. i; X$ L$ z, C2 N' E
183. Nonviolent land seizure
& A8 I3 L: R; {" |" s4 U; ] 184. Defiance of blockades
) K8 l% Q a& x; w 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ I) r5 Q& P( C% k7 r2 V X
186. Preclusive purchasing0 l) a7 Z9 D& E: Y% r0 U4 [
187. Seizure of assets$ i: r u4 S0 y( x c
188. Dumping$ I# L1 F {7 F4 M4 c/ P
189. Selective patronage B2 O& ]. ]- J5 K7 f
190. Alternative markets( t6 G$ u7 A6 ]# C
191. Alternative transportation systems# }3 c: ~# ?4 w( A" G+ Q* D) E* t2 u9 V- A
192. Alternative economic institutions
' P1 |) Y1 V6 y& w6 |& e/ x$ Y# L+ {- P: R. o% m" S
Political Intervention
- j ?# @$ Y+ X1 ]& Y 193. Overloading of administrative systems
( j! z! t* @0 i; ?, X7 W5 z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 a0 V, V7 p' g& d3 v$ u, o. b
195. Seeking imprisonment
% H3 ]$ Z! L6 q+ D% E 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 I7 ?" o- F4 N, _ 197. Work-on without collaboration
* c) t/ [7 e, D, f( A7 q w0 v 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
$ k y X; x7 L4 m. ]% o
5 P1 i+ p; h8 e: `# H* ^0 Q |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
