 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) b! ~0 e* P$ |4 {$ rFormal Statements: o$ p- K% p6 M+ ?9 z; ?% e
1. Public Speeches
8 U/ m7 z! d8 U+ @0 k 2. Letters of opposition or support0 z! @5 J8 ~- Q) g
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, a+ O+ S4 a8 G+ A5 ~2 o/ g) C
4. Signed public statements- Q% {& |. N O
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& ?4 q+ q* ~& U0 }3 a 6. Group or mass petitions
8 Q1 `+ m Z: Y, y6 o0 D# k' Y- u( q t. u3 l9 E3 f+ w
Communications with a Wider Audience
' z& }5 |2 @/ X# k/ I# P& c 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, G! h. t3 L8 |5 P/ l
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- R& i2 c6 t0 \1 Q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ ~9 U- A" p- q* y0 q 10. Newspapers and journals: d& E" i' x* [& c3 d; U/ q
11. Records, radio, and television
^' w h) Y4 ], X' q, V; C/ C/ `# I 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% n7 x. Q9 p$ ?) |. }5 J: O! ]5 k& V: Y" k- m
Group Representations
5 q4 Q. f& R3 x: y1 H% U 13. Deputations6 Q p; ?; I2 n! c; _- c+ A
14. Mock awards& z9 n3 z$ q7 f5 }- i6 m" y
15. Group lobbying' ^1 M7 G: H' ~$ d) ?
16. Picketing% S" Z" |& {( `
17. Mock elections+ G' h3 @# n8 W
% n, n0 p. u& T& X" H8 Z' s+ D" C" gSymbolic Public Acts
0 i4 x) A$ i+ G+ E3 x$ O2 J2 s5 N 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 p4 n7 J5 d, ^# _$ `" d 19. Wearing of symbols
! A% q: N! t+ T 20. Prayer and worship
# u1 t) p; D5 I9 u 21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 i1 z0 K# Q/ I g 22. Protest disrobings
$ i: m! w3 f$ o" t 23. Destruction of own property7 M; Y) {' [3 j% G
24. Symbolic lights7 w( i4 Z- e' b, v% m5 W8 e0 @
25. Displays of portraits
" L6 V y( f+ a" x$ r 26. Paint as protest3 I+ A E6 K+ W- Z$ G
27. New signs and names
' w# t0 X. ?* N, u, i 28. Symbolic sounds( ?: J7 ~9 n2 C- D
29. Symbolic reclamations$ q) p3 ^" T9 I9 _+ \$ J
30. Rude gestures3 A c" g- O* N1 G
i+ J' K- Q4 T( a
Pressures on Individuals
9 @% ~9 B; }9 S5 u* j 31. “Haunting” officials
" ~6 N: v1 H- [0 G4 u; j# h+ J# }( C 32. Taunting officials
' e; l/ I0 B) ?$ o 33. Fraternization. ~. T8 V* X& o* W' q
34. Vigils
% V) [/ w$ P9 \, _/ T2 Z
6 w" N3 m9 Q9 IDrama and Music
; i; H6 R/ r" Q2 T- c; z$ R 35. Humorous skits and pranks
. u% X4 d% a6 r" p: ~$ D( X 36. Performances of plays and music5 }5 o8 L0 \8 l: I: M* b6 a% ~
37. Singing
X3 s* F* y* Q
3 h1 Y ~6 c9 I' GProcessions# I3 X. U: u. L
38. Marches. A, Z h* q' x8 R7 `* _4 s
39. Parades
4 R; k. r% m( ~; d. r 40. Religious processions
: {/ ^+ a L- d# I1 T 41. Pilgrimages9 l2 Y# R: Q! }2 @) O/ J
42. Motorcades
. m- p+ ^1 V, ?* `* x* I; D0 z$ H8 v! `3 H0 N J
Honoring the Dead
& d- R r, K F: O9 \, b 43. Political mourning
) ]! D) n) L# P 44. Mock funerals, J8 w1 G5 }! H/ [" v$ j$ \
45. Demonstrative funerals
: \, n' @. f" F+ L3 f% C% O4 M 46. Homage at burial places6 c; @. w/ n2 B7 h( a/ i$ f
, D8 A* c7 d) L# ~' \5 p
Public Assemblies7 @9 r I2 v- G" C
47. Assemblies of protest or support$ z% j+ V Z, W3 f' s4 O
48. Protest meetings3 r! \- e5 p; Z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' I7 c. P2 c* ~ [% k2 J
50. Teach-ins0 K- {# l( w# G+ \3 ?
) E! ^6 e# y+ J V1 `2 t
Withdrawal and Renunciation# C% i; Z# O. O! d
51. Walk-outs
7 ]# t, m. X- g 52. Silence/ {0 n4 z0 q" R6 y: e* G
53. Renouncing honors9 D8 G: U* X- p7 }9 `
54. Turning one’s back
* k& H7 d0 n6 d8 S4 J, a/ U& v1 m) x( B# g% i( V, P; D# T' c! {
- F: O* d0 U4 [( U0 o
. D5 U- f% c1 g* kTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' B: |/ z( P+ E' M% G1 _
6 }# e6 a8 Z( c" @; B) b, O- X; o
2 b0 U+ _0 m k+ z) e
N, f' C5 w G0 R7 FOstracism of Persons/ T. s* C8 d- K
55. Social boycott2 G, p$ R7 Z+ u' V. U
56. Selective social boycott
& ?5 ]9 ~& r J* T- b, O 57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ j4 R7 ^6 B L8 V 58. Excommunication O! d3 d, b+ D9 ?7 l( {3 T
59. Interdict) [0 y. E6 y- Y7 ?. V, h
7 K$ u& L7 v7 o. o& ?& v
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 \ U- U. W$ m' g4 `/ V 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; k/ I# r' Q0 w8 p
61. Boycott of social affairs3 p$ o4 M7 a$ N6 ?5 g
62. Student strike; f% {. x% t& l$ j4 T7 o
63. Social disobedience
$ \7 c4 y4 Y" ]. s! A$ b 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; D8 j+ j* P0 m. J5 S" V
) z! W9 c: O/ V5 M% ^Withdrawal from the Social System
/ E- d" ~5 c/ d5 r4 g" t3 @; f 65. Stay-at-home8 _& Y+ ^) c4 [8 D
66. Total personal noncooperation
. l+ C6 O2 [/ p$ B# A 67. “Flight” of workers& x& v4 x$ g2 s% m) W+ l) E5 `; P+ A
68. Sanctuary
! p r' a/ V+ j6 I& E! e( Z6 ] 69. Collective disappearance
4 e3 V( f( a# ?. y( H 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)( |9 D4 B+ x0 ^& w* s! v2 M; O
2 W; S& k/ h! N: r4 A8 y# Z ' ]: J- Q4 x' t3 f
0 X( K- W h3 s( i+ X) I
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
3 ^4 {2 I' z5 R' N w2 _$ E9 N8 C& q& N0 X: {! i V
1 t; O/ g k9 C- B$ ^
Actions by Consumers" N4 T+ [% G* v- s; Q% k) n, [
71. Consumers’ boycott0 V2 T, H! C( C5 ?0 r8 V5 S4 k7 g
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 B7 x. }9 A7 p/ v' s4 L7 O
73. Policy of austerity
3 L$ `# R$ y5 m8 X/ Z 74. Rent withholding
" U' j3 k5 O$ I+ N' a! C 75. Refusal to rent
/ `# H2 p$ ?3 P/ G7 c8 q! c 76. National consumers’ boycott8 [, h0 B- c9 ?/ _7 `' e$ S
77. International consumers’ boycott
6 Q/ u( W0 ~4 z* A( u: M' Q8 k. U! o; q, g1 Y
Action by Workers and Producers
1 ?- C. I; N3 ]: P: P& Z" c6 V 78. Workmen’s boycott
* V/ v: p) h% ]/ U; Y 79. Producers’ boycott8 H0 k% t+ l8 i. |
`( h+ B) K1 V7 X, H, yAction by Middlemen
; c/ }( L/ D) u% W# b. p- i2 R5 W 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
, ?) a+ b2 P7 P2 V2 @1 v) _# b
7 Y; P" v& d: }. u& H" @Action by Owners and Management* A6 F% D7 {+ G" D* k+ }
81. Traders’ boycott* b( }+ }/ C# D* D5 ?
82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ v! v8 [ t" T9 z3 E! n" H, D 83. Lockout
|8 D* A0 ? h8 e" A8 T 84. Refusal of industrial assistance# |: H* r {& |6 O( `" R6 q _6 _. c
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
0 K2 b+ N! e2 ^% c# E) l
4 f" J5 a {) H! `2 m8 @# ^Action by Holders of Financial Resources$ `$ a" S3 F! I9 c" B' H
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, O( O: @/ {' Y9 F& T 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 K6 X* D; n9 {& I/ } 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 V; |' _! v( P1 [5 d q 89. Severance of funds and credit! y; O2 r/ l8 x! ]: P' H8 H
90. Revenue refusal- z- f+ y9 q% }5 \0 ?
91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 U* B7 J2 w, U7 V5 r% a" H' Z8 h$ n" v+ L+ k2 q* ^& u' l* f$ W
Action by Governments& {( Q1 Z$ K5 o- N
92. Domestic embargo
8 Z7 U( m% [) U: } 93. Blacklisting of traders3 X- Y* F0 A3 a# v
94. International sellers’ embargo; |% a# U" u: W3 q# y* y2 v
95. International buyers’ embargo: N y" E8 p* z: B, @8 ~' g7 E
96. International trade embargo, m1 ]0 k( a( R5 e
6 a) e3 I1 X) |$ Y; I4 I
[( e$ ]1 k& \7 p" A! [: H1 P( q7 U
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
3 ^+ H/ |8 x, T) Y7 k2 A3 `3 Q6 i& t6 @% F9 ?/ h3 {( a1 l4 g( j
7 f4 H3 t) X9 x( _: E. CSymbolic Strikes
2 w- ~, ?8 {2 u) F8 Z 97. Protest strike* { U" }8 T( G( |7 P
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 Z' L8 N. C! `$ v# _! O
5 }( u$ x3 B4 c& t+ \6 E ]+ M
Agricultural Strikes0 b& Z( E% X' s7 \. Z
99. Peasant strike% c+ e+ n" n( T1 X0 M/ }2 E
100. Farm Workers’ strike# \+ R, S" ^2 f" E
3 J( v4 F' [/ aStrikes by Special Groups$ ^& K, {% f% \( P6 j
101. Refusal of impressed labor7 Q$ z% s1 i* r1 p1 c7 w
102. Prisoners’ strike/ f# [; g9 P* J x8 c# x
103. Craft strike8 y6 G7 K" R% F2 u
104. Professional strike3 X8 Z" n5 i) d- s' Y" g! G% }& Z
( [8 z* @+ N- A$ IOrdinary Industrial Strikes6 p8 Y; V+ F8 b) e7 V! ]
105. Establishment strike0 l- @3 G) [( l& U, O
106. Industry strike
$ X8 L2 Z8 {) a9 Q/ l) [ 107. Sympathetic strike
H: [6 x* j- d* E/ N0 |
0 c9 d# p4 O" p" k JRestricted Strikes
! b( `$ ?3 x- P G! T6 o6 r 108. Detailed strike
3 o' R4 p% k& N4 @ 109. Bumper strike
' q( e, Z' j. ^5 c 110. Slowdown strike( L: k6 s) R ~. l
111. Working-to-rule strike; B) t( {" m+ u/ u, o
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 j/ s6 v7 g* Y% [, S 113. Strike by resignation
C' F; h( B( g+ B C 114. Limited strike
; d; Y1 ^4 i+ l& e 115. Selective strike" @# R, W0 v* i6 a! J8 `8 Q
5 q& e- ~, n) c9 VMulti-Industry Strikes
) T8 s) S0 e# n) f$ ^6 Z3 D
0 I [1 H# m: F0 u. x 116. Generalized strike* T$ @4 j+ v2 ?
" s v8 ]/ u: B# f: e9 G. K- T# _) @, |
117. General strike
+ r8 x% E- R& A0 i, h$ \1 g' f) S A7 {2 q+ n6 o
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures) k' s3 h& h6 }; Q( q2 |
2 y4 ?# l j1 P+ ] g. x& { y 118. Hartal8 e3 U- J- n2 a, K' ~
: D$ |9 b& m* V# j6 N$ `/ Q
119. Economic shutdown* A7 h) d) a; y O; n
) |6 ]8 [1 J$ h2 d, A! N
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1 p) V# C" j9 Z( P; fTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority8 S7 D8 |4 Q G) \1 \
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
) V7 Y! o3 s; B4 n# B2 e 121. Refusal of public support
6 B7 q( A/ \7 ?- E5 R 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance t; E- W! i9 i: y d) ^# T
2 V q% s* I' t2 {0 L5 i7 NCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 f( d2 b% l( E S% _ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies. g9 c" l9 u( a2 r: r$ g6 m
124. Boycott of elections
8 p! }8 R0 B4 O8 i# n 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 b, Y6 R& [. \; c3 {1 Q: U" l) c 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ H+ F7 M! _3 x1 _ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! k' M' k" G$ A9 ~ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
\9 }/ E# q/ ^6 \: H 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
; ]( m4 n$ N3 {2 [ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: {. s( M8 D# t8 x) w 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% F5 R; i6 Y3 j2 j4 @ W 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! a, N$ z4 s& u' j
, ]" u7 g( b) D+ L& CCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, ?8 @4 N# L. z9 ~+ L. l- O2 U z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( ] U8 }- M0 F: Z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, O/ x- p N- O6 x
135. Popular nonobedience' ?' F3 B- `5 S+ C, i
136. Disguised disobedience
0 T) K0 B- Q8 X" I# f8 [+ z" u 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 x0 O; G6 S* T; {
138. Sitdown8 y8 p6 O ~9 f1 ~: ]
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ x, G( U) `- t, i' `5 e$ f* d 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 Y" V; T7 s {8 e Y* G. b: l0 G0 I
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: E+ z2 u1 S/ _& J+ l
6 r& L0 c, m! \( I# t9 NAction by Government Personnel
% C! p& N9 I, k) l0 ^# t8 X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' d) M) j9 U1 ~' d# O9 M: M* k) a7 h 143. Blocking of lines of command and information( g1 e1 |; N. _8 _, Q
144. Stalling and obstruction
6 z) Y2 D) | n4 O! \: l 145. General administrative noncooperation
# n9 q$ K) K0 R: S, V, Y8 T3 k6 M. G) J. A# ~1 k. U" k
146. Judicial noncooperation
/ m; U# k$ f* O* |$ M 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 ^5 \9 \* m4 B# M: l" x
148. Mutiny
6 e5 ?" f* ]& a. o+ M$ n/ S! bDomestic Governmental Action
7 c! d7 U! u$ ?0 W$ M: c1 t 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
* i- z- X* S: O4 U" P* K2 @ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units V' J/ j& J9 f% q
" P; \- \ M4 I7 t7 ZInternational Governmental Action% v+ A I0 p5 M; o) e6 O5 V
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& h9 {5 ^* [! B5 C
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ g9 \; k' u _7 M 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& v) p: X7 D3 E j) p) A 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 R2 m {$ J/ C; C' H% H0 Z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ s0 C# c; |6 Q5 ]: i
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 [4 ~. t1 X2 _1 L 157. Expulsion from international organizations
' D) }( z, }$ s1 I% T% f. C
% j; \3 F) z9 z- @) D( z0 j% T + o" E1 D) K( z; X" T- H/ ]
8 A/ Y5 |. B8 Q0 |- O* [
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
& ~6 Y" n* W- N- g3 ]+ z
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# C( g4 u6 t" u/ N, E4 bPsychological Intervention4 ?* H! {, y6 B7 m5 U" W
158. Self-exposure to the elements" z5 f [5 `, s/ i! \; r
159. The fast
- b9 ]$ G9 D3 B! K: y a) Fast of moral pressure8 f1 d$ T _8 @/ C
b) Hunger strike- P0 x) e. R$ [+ |- j; J6 W
c) Satyagrahic fast+ t6 y3 p: M; v7 D2 r: c: T
160. Reverse trial
6 k r5 a8 j( U6 T! v 161. Nonviolent harassment" W: j4 `" a1 v6 j& m% ?. D% s
$ R! d4 n! Q- X5 q1 K, R oPhysical Intervention
4 }( K V3 Z, m5 Y( k s( D, c 162. Sit-in
; D7 B8 p- J, |& J( a7 h6 } 163. Stand-in
" W4 V- j( k' M 164. Ride-in
+ E9 {, A9 C' Y 165. Wade-in7 V+ @! ~9 m# `9 i
166. Mill-in
4 W' `( t: w: ?( z9 R' C( U 167. Pray-in
. V; y g: M$ t' @. m 168. Nonviolent raids
! x3 T9 @$ J9 E( A2 u1 W& ^ 169. Nonviolent air raids0 \8 Q# m( g2 g; b6 c6 k
170. Nonviolent invasion
, k; {1 ]- d1 s3 H5 n 171. Nonviolent interjection
% R. X3 L' A+ }. N* W: ~, f, l 172. Nonviolent obstruction
( y# D) D" s9 _. u# u3 b6 P 173. Nonviolent occupation
6 @- u/ }) j, r8 h; c3 u* `' d8 q# B9 S x7 O5 w
Social Intervention
8 s8 S' Q" N( d4 H! K+ Z1 n 174. Establishing new social patterns- ]- J3 A" i1 T
175. Overloading of facilities% n: E8 J* J3 Y4 A9 N7 e
176. Stall-in
! D' N1 L4 `) k2 X 177. Speak-in" [7 U7 s4 K$ Z, o$ e2 p [
178. Guerrilla theater
% S6 T6 P0 i$ N1 L. a, K 179. Alternative social institutions& D! w( G/ l7 x. t+ R! I
180. Alternative communication system) m% ]7 u5 \1 _4 w9 a
4 R& l, v- E) E& G% @0 D2 UEconomic Intervention V4 \& x3 ?# w
181. Reverse strike
2 L- G$ }+ o$ k 182. Stay-in strike Q0 \$ b, Y3 W$ W. R' {6 e3 `2 b
183. Nonviolent land seizure! c( P. p" M/ a( v( W. q
184. Defiance of blockades
- Q5 H* e% N9 r* u5 P 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: ]. l$ X O8 z) s- a 186. Preclusive purchasing
h1 e4 \& d' L# b8 V 187. Seizure of assets
( J7 z t+ a4 T7 S 188. Dumping
- T3 F* |$ ~, ~ C+ w7 Z 189. Selective patronage" K% }- |% Z4 K! z$ [" }( Q
190. Alternative markets/ w& u- Y$ K( ^& c: n* Q7 O0 ]
191. Alternative transportation systems( K$ ]$ L! U: ?. m/ N2 ]
192. Alternative economic institutions7 Q: X# S1 U! ?$ r" X( ~8 c7 U
4 t& [+ X4 o9 K4 sPolitical Intervention
: `* m8 y$ C* g) D 193. Overloading of administrative systems* s$ Z- r1 W! b) _$ W& o
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 M0 Y5 m) n: _( a. } 195. Seeking imprisonment
( N" ~4 z* ^3 T* M# E 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws) v* w- x* z: [/ t8 P" K
197. Work-on without collaboration( `9 j* ~, f) i; f5 b5 |
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; ^" Q. p$ W8 v7 H) G
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
