 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ b K1 G9 J H; \$ y* p# g$ y3 tFormal Statements
. T4 t& L) ]' j% f, d 1. Public Speeches: g$ @1 \- }* v* B. A) Y5 ?
2. Letters of opposition or support+ G/ s, J- ]- F" E1 t$ q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ s" {# j( a L" P* b
4. Signed public statements
7 a& O& b* |- R% |9 P 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
0 {- Q9 V: N/ Q 6. Group or mass petitions
5 ?0 {: t5 B+ X* a
+ ]8 b+ t& r4 y0 O. _. k. FCommunications with a Wider Audience; e3 F) X; u) j5 t4 B; n+ ^( R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 t3 T+ G4 q" }2 m) E% t- w
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
- P% t1 ^; _4 w: I" A/ S# j& Q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
& b0 H9 M2 k; S4 j& A: H; s 10. Newspapers and journals
; \( I1 Z* p: m2 ^3 m1 b' x+ i 11. Records, radio, and television
! r3 i" i Y% z% T 12. Skywriting and earthwriting( ?& ^) Z" X- d9 {8 q* O
$ I8 T* w, G8 K. k) I' B
Group Representations6 V! k/ Y- _# G$ j% C; D, r9 {
13. Deputations
3 j9 a- e$ J7 l/ x 14. Mock awards
' {2 f: [; D# Q& p" @; j 15. Group lobbying
$ b" @( k5 v: ]6 g& V0 i 16. Picketing
/ Z# l. U# r' ^) @( |7 z 17. Mock elections5 H3 F7 U! } k8 g% x8 F6 |
0 ]4 U' [8 }* k/ X# Y1 T# W
Symbolic Public Acts6 ?% R& ^1 Q, a j
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ v6 l* ]$ A7 b8 t3 L; t 19. Wearing of symbols
$ P5 O; r% v% U1 N7 Z, x 20. Prayer and worship
7 I1 X" o2 C9 A 21. Delivering symbolic objects8 a2 s5 m1 O' M8 x3 P5 H$ o: |
22. Protest disrobings& i8 X9 V4 e- ~' \3 l; `9 _
23. Destruction of own property" f7 U0 {( R% ^
24. Symbolic lights
' \! r0 {6 Y% W2 b 25. Displays of portraits+ V3 l# [- W. b2 _1 S
26. Paint as protest
* X3 z- E% q5 V$ M4 G; G 27. New signs and names
$ x+ D" [: u; N% j! `. J0 f 28. Symbolic sounds
. i9 c( W3 r- d3 ^9 r& q% g9 e# Y 29. Symbolic reclamations
2 D) o% T1 v! O" c1 S; \- U3 D 30. Rude gestures# i& a; \3 P; {2 c
3 i9 L) v: i/ t( S* {
Pressures on Individuals1 }3 h/ o5 D! g8 r
31. “Haunting” officials3 K& V$ u/ A) X$ O
32. Taunting officials
' N" L/ S2 P& L 33. Fraternization
_7 C! A7 Z# J6 M1 d1 Q 34. Vigils1 x9 S2 t' [ c0 u6 r# `1 b
+ x1 M: e# L4 UDrama and Music
" y5 l2 l3 p/ f7 h 35. Humorous skits and pranks0 y* C6 B6 l9 U3 Q' s6 X
36. Performances of plays and music
, J! ?6 Q( W2 |9 {$ x 37. Singing% _6 l3 A" N# ^+ N# s
$ s6 b! e. @( h f. ?: i: S) [Processions
% z8 u/ b! C8 G2 { 38. Marches0 e( i8 Q7 B) B, D M% @3 Y$ u
39. Parades
% ~) }+ Q R- t4 e1 l% F* R% H 40. Religious processions( W! g. A) Q- ~- ^+ T# h" ?5 z
41. Pilgrimages8 ~( K+ ]0 ?( W2 T+ t8 Y/ S" O
42. Motorcades
5 Q' Y: g, Y+ u: _; @4 W: T. F( N) n. @1 X) H9 ]7 {" A
Honoring the Dead
! y* g% D6 y, @ 43. Political mourning8 N; }+ f! ?- ]$ u- q
44. Mock funerals% \0 u" ^ J6 U
45. Demonstrative funerals2 d6 } T* ~! q: ~( w/ h I8 O
46. Homage at burial places
, n. }: y$ `5 r. T/ _
, p: o" S( {. q: ]' QPublic Assemblies1 a- L+ X4 i) j3 K
47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ Y) x2 y( `+ ?: F" G 48. Protest meetings2 Z- `8 x) M' |0 o
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 c# m% L0 X8 V" S& x7 L
50. Teach-ins M! r% p* ]4 z3 C8 P
d7 N4 |" j( x3 f3 H% K3 EWithdrawal and Renunciation9 o0 V0 x# j4 l. D
51. Walk-outs
! q* K, [: _# U( t) w, Z# P9 S) [% e 52. Silence
0 z2 A$ K x! R/ X5 T 53. Renouncing honors
6 [/ I: ~5 Q: W( r% b 54. Turning one’s back
) R* S [2 c' b; b0 I& O5 t: F9 F U6 M3 n) h
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, _; R5 a8 X/ O; o- q! |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 M4 S g- j9 S+ |# e+ P: t/ ~8 E- f& C# s$ r2 `% }' I$ {
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4 ~ |/ B" M6 [0 { R, c+ | |: oOstracism of Persons
! w8 [* o0 c7 B0 f, |. m* d0 A 55. Social boycott
; Z- i. u) D& D7 y4 N+ X 56. Selective social boycott. ^6 ]( c9 Q+ x& M! f2 u
57. Lysistratic nonaction o) ]9 M$ e; C
58. Excommunication
& G7 D3 a' M. p 59. Interdict% _8 ^, Y' D: A' b
" T1 U- k* z+ T' C
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& S+ ]6 F b. {+ [
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- r2 R( d- x. R 61. Boycott of social affairs
8 [ o8 e: h) i+ w% V/ O# z 62. Student strike: ^5 h4 @0 ~" c* s0 e# F1 v1 r3 l
63. Social disobedience
. Z8 O: z& V) o& | 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
2 q5 m' K9 K8 E# {+ g) r9 P$ } j* |! b
Withdrawal from the Social System8 U5 M6 |& Z* [$ }; J T4 [' d" m
65. Stay-at-home" \2 g; o9 t( T, r
66. Total personal noncooperation5 E9 `1 H; v" U
67. “Flight” of workers5 n1 H5 T( C8 X+ G, T' {7 q
68. Sanctuary0 U( l/ z; Z! O& t! D& Q
69. Collective disappearance; T% ^: ?* n7 q' K2 N7 I
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)( G9 z$ s8 c$ T- q4 d$ m
# O% ~) s* E6 _: h2 ^5 z b P 2 f) [8 o% F, K3 F0 p" ^$ E
& \* [5 q% s% `; b: ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS |. R) e( Y0 e9 C8 b
) W( g; E* w3 e4 w& M; X
% q" F# b6 [- L. o: v9 L' B, {+ KActions by Consumers
5 y- c3 N/ c5 { 71. Consumers’ boycott
4 \# I% K6 e- Q. z' i4 P" A/ C7 W 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
I3 }3 W% B( G8 v 73. Policy of austerity7 b- n6 _! f: y9 ?$ s4 ~1 `
74. Rent withholding
: y! e% O3 ~$ _- r; N# P 75. Refusal to rent
+ X5 e4 d& A2 Y# O& k 76. National consumers’ boycott) ]) m1 x: B( b
77. International consumers’ boycott% G/ {7 P1 f- L/ [/ n7 R, u
7 j8 b/ d6 D, a
Action by Workers and Producers1 p; `, p7 j, I" y6 d/ n
78. Workmen’s boycott# K: H/ S- R% o# A" r
79. Producers’ boycott( L0 M3 U0 r; N( o, D2 t
- ^9 _7 X, ]4 ?; m R7 \
Action by Middlemen
9 J# ^7 x/ W, ~& L M$ W 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott' ^& {8 f, o. ~
/ d% V* Z+ j& X- w4 N! sAction by Owners and Management) |7 ^/ K9 K5 c1 p( Z6 n }& R# @
81. Traders’ boycott
6 J& l$ E, K( q7 s* H 82. Refusal to let or sell property
$ r. m/ ^% ?: K" `" t 83. Lockout
: X% h8 d, k' h( f9 K8 B" d. k2 f 84. Refusal of industrial assistance% A; g; _4 R+ Z( \+ `- `/ }6 H
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources' h# ?& d: d5 a0 v4 V' ~
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 k' o0 b3 X- A0 y' X
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# C8 A/ M0 e- l. ]# W
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' ~, C% Y- l" C. G1 y7 Y
89. Severance of funds and credit
" E4 z$ F6 U6 ]1 u 90. Revenue refusal
" z8 V: W& F( C! {) r. n: f4 N' F 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 q# X) I4 b9 O& @2 I6 [
7 {, g0 i, z( A2 h% ]- C, x4 bAction by Governments
0 b% @: T H8 ? 92. Domestic embargo6 E$ m+ M( T2 ?5 V6 W8 b1 @/ H
93. Blacklisting of traders3 J2 d6 t: A: E7 {9 u* x% q
94. International sellers’ embargo
* i, V* C* i- c" P: s# B4 | 95. International buyers’ embargo# ~. ~' ]- i: B1 P5 w3 R* \6 F
96. International trade embargo* h# z2 l) X. o( w' n4 p
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& O6 B+ h. K2 t: L3 s, oTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# x- u! l! W% \9 U y4 A
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0 U' c- T% |6 |7 C# T& cSymbolic Strikes8 ?5 q1 g! |. u* x8 t
97. Protest strike
3 ? w, }* |4 `/ w4 B 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 r% y' @; |$ d3 H, M% Z Q, l2 O4 p" G# U
Agricultural Strikes( P: H3 g' M. C3 h" A
99. Peasant strike
/ w& V. F9 v: u/ b- o- {9 @ 100. Farm Workers’ strike/ C; ~1 r# P: g
& J$ [/ T7 `& n' W0 R
Strikes by Special Groups
# U# s# N; r. w+ {% ] 101. Refusal of impressed labor) _( F: W. i3 e
102. Prisoners’ strike% T- g% q, [! e
103. Craft strike7 |2 M0 ]4 n) p, N* O
104. Professional strike
: b* A, z& A, w
; Z, w# U. _6 c: w* Z1 ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes
; X" A( b/ x2 I 105. Establishment strike
3 ], {' o( A; @# [/ F$ \ 106. Industry strike- c& L3 ?: e# U' M; z2 X- C9 Y
107. Sympathetic strike4 `9 B* g% Q8 d0 s' U; B
0 _: q0 A" ^/ b0 U0 C+ _, t
Restricted Strikes
9 Y# W7 m) j. @4 H0 i+ l' _4 B) k 108. Detailed strike" ?6 v# f4 n! g/ y! l
109. Bumper strike! V+ l9 m1 O# \! x; [: U1 E
110. Slowdown strike1 x& F! `/ L5 j! X& m8 {9 W. I1 F- L
111. Working-to-rule strike
3 E0 `- w6 E' `* Y1 v! Y V4 C8 ^ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* h \/ w* S3 m$ r/ R 113. Strike by resignation( a4 _) x1 |! D! S7 v% e
114. Limited strike
$ k* j) k" U" e' S 115. Selective strike
6 j- _8 w: L+ P# M- w G1 y9 n: `4 Y8 k7 z6 O1 n/ f! A
Multi-Industry Strikes0 Y+ U" _" Y2 R
/ c3 J w& D! X8 E% b
116. Generalized strike2 S ]7 R3 s9 f
) H' X) l9 G5 u4 X ~8 n
117. General strike
$ r2 A3 [7 @' F3 u' r7 [3 U& X
6 n& t4 z% z. e6 xCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
& ~$ M7 I3 K, ~/ c |! @
% h+ I0 e4 B& x( T4 | 118. Hartal
2 [' n" }& J# n- M: d; `7 d" E z8 D* i/ l, R/ F- Q
119. Economic shutdown1 K7 I, q$ O0 Z; }) b
9 o. n c# i% I" h/ Y
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8 n* {1 I; n" i6 JTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 S4 q9 B M: L1 w i7 J# I
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Rejection of Authority
* u( t6 i8 b$ e2 W3 j ` 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- c; i& R/ I! ?8 l5 L# }& Q
121. Refusal of public support
/ `! S4 A# s, G6 T' V: O/ d 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ ]! H$ m' X" C( E. Z! f: l
, y: k7 |; r3 N2 x0 oCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
# B" I/ f6 j. j" @; s! E6 ?7 Z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# w& Z( S* n5 O1 Y+ E$ h0 O$ s( ` 124. Boycott of elections3 z& Q, Y) _$ _% [/ E4 |# h) w
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ k! R, ]! r1 f ~. W } 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 N/ X7 @( h0 I' a6 y7 n( C
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! Z, U& E, n" ~- ]1 { 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 n+ }; y- {: _ U$ H
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 l5 u1 O$ [) i0 t+ ]3 c# a
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
' E4 U! J' ], n7 e& } 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& W0 q r6 h0 c# x 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions, |0 b7 K, I" H4 K8 J2 m4 T
2 D0 }( O5 `" |/ s6 U
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ q$ h* T1 U# Z) T7 \ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 ?5 G7 Y5 y6 _: S
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision O O6 Q; u/ F' }6 U% n: s- q- Y* \7 R
135. Popular nonobedience, N: P d' o2 f9 V
136. Disguised disobedience
|6 _5 s `% V; g" \ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' q8 M% V- r: E/ v: T" c% p9 B W
138. Sitdown/ n0 M9 _0 _8 j1 |
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- D- I+ R4 G& m 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 s6 C+ ~; x: B0 x; y- E 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# ]) ^+ Y& y# R, H, l
3 {& B6 o8 ^; |+ SAction by Government Personnel
9 Z* K. n) o2 ~& n5 w* k 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 j8 c; a& U& _
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& c# t) d+ i2 J) j2 h! j5 o- v8 F 144. Stalling and obstruction/ S1 ?, m: u* C3 O
145. General administrative noncooperation
( @% j' L2 E/ s0 @" @) B G; @: V: X
146. Judicial noncooperation, F% ]! v; ?% F* e
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- D. W& m, ?6 Q 148. Mutiny
+ c: Y/ W/ j, g4 T5 W4 F! N$ }Domestic Governmental Action, `1 P, e" R; @! Y9 o7 X
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" r8 [( M, b$ Z5 x: S2 H$ C: d 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 K/ T! C$ U9 ], U* @ n. `$ K% a, [. Q) y9 Y c* u
International Governmental Action/ ~$ s7 `0 S, v- O
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' c0 E* M( `/ z0 _7 Y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! L6 o8 \8 m, ?3 t3 `. l8 v, Z7 ^0 G
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 { i' v m# |* v' o L 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, n; B2 l, g" u( }! o7 B: P- n 155. Withdrawal from international organizations; c. C, ]; ^' F
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( N, T% P& D3 m) V6 f 157. Expulsion from international organizations+ L3 k- V# L9 ]- |5 y6 e4 @) W
3 R, D" M. Q% ]+ i5 b7 y - A+ [3 L% @- W( P, J( `
8 n8 D! |% M5 x, C9 VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# ~. f8 ~4 ?) v" v
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Psychological Intervention
( U5 m1 n( O4 P9 P( K& ?- N 158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 y% n: H7 L- n 159. The fast
0 ]: N9 g) V# X" i% c* d' A" |5 ^ a) Fast of moral pressure
( e! t( X: X0 c& L1 t# `4 r b) Hunger strike5 I W# o( A9 {. p) T
c) Satyagrahic fast
& N% W5 e4 z3 G/ U7 l$ y 160. Reverse trial
' n5 k# `& L7 m5 N9 k I3 @ 161. Nonviolent harassment
9 B" r" Z: h. ^1 I2 m3 H3 c$ I) U% P5 W( |( A* p. u7 u* q! A
Physical Intervention
* _+ w# B6 {# C1 F) _ 162. Sit-in
$ g+ {8 ~3 D8 P 163. Stand-in
# J" h8 H+ r- \; Q j) L 164. Ride-in
2 d* j, I& U* X- G2 ~) x 165. Wade-in
r* E' I: E3 v, S- v5 X 166. Mill-in
- a0 F8 f- q N9 D, N0 T X 167. Pray-in
3 L' W, B3 D8 k 168. Nonviolent raids
* e$ s- t) ^) |: u 169. Nonviolent air raids
* z/ \( @8 X( [ 170. Nonviolent invasion
}5 e; z. x) a/ M0 H, A T& i" G/ c* @ 171. Nonviolent interjection
! s0 v7 q, N! e5 G 172. Nonviolent obstruction" a- ?5 P) m/ D/ k- S
173. Nonviolent occupation! m. T' v N' ]7 z( S3 S
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Social Intervention7 j/ m8 {+ G5 w
174. Establishing new social patterns# N; H, U9 {! b) g% c
175. Overloading of facilities
; s# X6 \& G' q$ b 176. Stall-in
( B5 g ~" c! L4 W) W6 s 177. Speak-in# e' S0 J+ D0 k4 K, ?2 z% [
178. Guerrilla theater
% r2 p% a! t7 c4 S0 k; V3 [ 179. Alternative social institutions
U1 v5 C. m0 y" ~4 D: b2 x 180. Alternative communication system# H8 B0 `9 {- a0 y A. ]
* G$ l0 u5 y* V& m9 PEconomic Intervention
M! G% d( k6 X- A& {) c: v 181. Reverse strike6 V" q! z; g4 C8 f( Q% C+ V, i& \
182. Stay-in strike
3 J: u- T7 h7 {+ q& ~ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
r/ {, A) t: G, w; b! d _- u 184. Defiance of blockades5 w% Q) p2 _$ F( z4 _
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# a, ^) n: _. R3 j" Z: q 186. Preclusive purchasing
9 |, S1 f* c/ n+ T# g' d' z 187. Seizure of assets
0 A Q" v( r: \; w; Q$ o 188. Dumping
3 i' X8 U4 D- Q# R6 ~7 e2 \ 189. Selective patronage
* n- g# v7 S0 h: G' E5 C 190. Alternative markets
* o* O' U4 e+ ]; }( x 191. Alternative transportation systems
- B0 m( z9 Y. R 192. Alternative economic institutions
C' D" n c1 V- j- `( |
" J w1 }/ m: mPolitical Intervention( i3 K( Q' y8 p+ o7 O; I/ i3 {
193. Overloading of administrative systems9 o! T2 H( \4 `" t' _
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 c* V4 V5 d! M
195. Seeking imprisonment
6 r) s- e) k" V o7 _- C 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& C% h: d2 D# h0 B/ ` 197. Work-on without collaboration; U- r$ Q" R! m: M2 Y
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
