 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ T. s( R" f7 m9 FFormal Statements
; {0 H x2 Y$ x( N3 C" r 1. Public Speeches7 J3 k4 [7 g: m g J9 G( {. ^
2. Letters of opposition or support* C2 S3 b% D, H. V; }
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. _8 l' b3 Y8 N( ^' ^
4. Signed public statements
9 ?) m4 M5 A5 Y( {; ] 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
0 z2 Q2 N P" {2 k; z 6. Group or mass petitions1 P6 Q$ o2 N I+ {5 r8 `+ o) P
- f; @1 S+ P9 T6 I8 |Communications with a Wider Audience
- B) @8 \- ]! ^2 y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' z4 k& k' l! j# c 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 A. q& `3 h& ] 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' ?5 @5 y( l- F) |+ K, ?0 A, g$ M 10. Newspapers and journals7 {" z. Y' T: X. L+ Z# b3 K
11. Records, radio, and television
# p) B. ?; B9 I0 E' I: m 12. Skywriting and earthwriting& U; q4 o; Q# _" t! e
( g) v& R- E8 ZGroup Representations
& ]! L- {" U# F( Q1 B' J T 13. Deputations
* m4 }& \' X3 b5 W 14. Mock awards3 J) ?0 m1 f1 i) ]* H" W7 Q1 |
15. Group lobbying& |4 v& G) t8 z) R
16. Picketing
( k0 i3 Z& p& b8 f; [ 17. Mock elections$ H# s, |, B( a. E1 |6 G
" d+ _# C! Z9 y8 X- v
Symbolic Public Acts
; _, z* l6 B( J w: A: \% s 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors y" n; ]9 n& H K( Q+ Z! y3 p' E. f
19. Wearing of symbols l/ X/ x7 P3 p) ^' e! k
20. Prayer and worship- ] D1 o. E& {$ @2 X- q
21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 \" f! Q" N0 ^& Z6 q" U" L" b 22. Protest disrobings
7 p! n% I0 ]# M- q 23. Destruction of own property! G3 \+ E4 J3 X/ h/ T: k
24. Symbolic lights7 n/ X1 h+ l W' B1 m" a: s" O
25. Displays of portraits( y' _7 h- b- p' q0 q
26. Paint as protest9 E/ m; f) _7 e) S$ c
27. New signs and names5 f$ e1 t- _; h7 W7 Z4 y
28. Symbolic sounds
$ f# T p' R- ? 29. Symbolic reclamations8 l& O: Z7 |0 [4 F, _" d/ r: V
30. Rude gestures
0 a, J( `" [9 m- D5 k3 e! Z
7 T4 K+ u" O$ `. \* \Pressures on Individuals
9 z: d, B; T4 E; Q# R' H 31. “Haunting” officials
3 E7 \$ q2 J/ G* G% y 32. Taunting officials
* y" o/ P+ a( x' ~) G N 33. Fraternization; o) w/ l7 s2 J/ D- |
34. Vigils. g9 b; ?# F+ o7 N
% H/ G( ]- x' [( @Drama and Music
; F E4 @; \8 n) O1 K 35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 u! u5 m/ R2 q 36. Performances of plays and music
$ G0 I* a; `" w! E2 @! t 37. Singing
6 S( `5 W/ O5 P, J8 D) }1 u8 d0 S- K. c, [7 V3 h3 n# C
Processions& V% B- F- u' v( g) s. \1 `% ^
38. Marches
! Z, L5 T; W3 P/ y9 E8 Y 39. Parades
% x( u) ?. D. J, h2 m 40. Religious processions+ h# d# D- o6 G5 S; T) P
41. Pilgrimages8 Y2 b0 t/ K( d/ {5 R
42. Motorcades$ c4 g# s: C4 v& {( D7 f
^& v' L+ `4 y% |
Honoring the Dead1 X8 y" b+ i X
43. Political mourning0 ^4 g* E" q6 b9 W* H
44. Mock funerals# L1 A6 D8 }& F8 {: ]' G9 c$ k$ H
45. Demonstrative funerals- N- X% t- Z9 C; |0 l0 ?
46. Homage at burial places
, Q, D% h* U x$ ]+ W
" [( ]3 B( D2 T; }Public Assemblies3 V7 Z* r/ J8 F+ T1 K) q' D$ j
47. Assemblies of protest or support
: P2 }1 J' H. v5 F/ R 48. Protest meetings
' r5 T+ s! F9 \ t f; m 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 u8 Q7 ^4 H. c 50. Teach-ins8 B, r2 c) Z2 w6 p t
% W, ?; R4 @, A a2 B; h0 |: J
Withdrawal and Renunciation; j6 q* {: O; t! [; m
51. Walk-outs
R. w8 q c$ r. L; @. Y5 J* F7 {" s 52. Silence, s* i* x) Y7 ~& _- q
53. Renouncing honors
' @0 _4 p$ Q. c0 R& o' Q 54. Turning one’s back1 @7 v1 _3 T1 f
( E' n1 ?0 c' h* _0 I4 H
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: l7 L+ K) A4 F0 l f- BTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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# J2 l6 p2 ~6 E% ^
! O u% g5 h2 F1 J& WOstracism of Persons
4 Y; @2 M! B! Q; b9 w2 Q( x( X 55. Social boycott8 [$ ?1 k- f- e) _# m
56. Selective social boycott. f' e; }$ n+ _9 q1 o& ?4 r
57. Lysistratic nonaction
: P) n# @' q+ X5 @ a( O- p 58. Excommunication, |& ?2 F( U' ]0 K3 | t+ d
59. Interdict1 }" l2 |& [ W
* ?& ?2 T0 w: l1 s& U
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ k! a% J( T# M 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ ^) m2 L$ v' U0 d( j6 r( r 61. Boycott of social affairs6 y' _4 [5 e3 Z- Q
62. Student strike
5 {( ~7 A( M! ?+ s/ }, F 63. Social disobedience. p7 Y7 F; L; N5 s8 H
64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 ~* z/ G3 g( d9 p4 a% o( p
- @ G- d% a3 M( L- h
Withdrawal from the Social System/ b% Z, Z8 R* y; y/ r6 H; M
65. Stay-at-home6 `: L. o1 n+ p) U2 e" T
66. Total personal noncooperation1 F9 r& w$ s0 A, T5 O) I
67. “Flight” of workers! ^. R( Y5 G) M/ V
68. Sanctuary
% e+ a, N7 K& k1 M5 H, i2 | 69. Collective disappearance
8 S1 Z+ g! D |* u/ `& [8 k 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% f( U1 G+ H' a# ?# n: O: z
9 J. Z! L s$ ^. p; _& ~) j
9 f5 [1 P% w6 ^8 D. X8 G) L/ e! B" v/ t& b% C
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
M/ W7 ^3 m5 Q) c
8 N0 ?% F8 [! c0 ?* i4 {& N! z $ r+ H2 m$ @+ @+ f3 K- j7 ?
Actions by Consumers0 v* d+ P/ ^9 i6 y3 c
71. Consumers’ boycott4 M( a2 J# _/ J5 r
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
" S2 ^7 {! J" Z 73. Policy of austerity
# Y8 _2 H2 J5 N) K: R 74. Rent withholding
/ G! p/ S q; z- z$ q/ n) g0 N 75. Refusal to rent
2 }9 U0 i) C) Z" t- p 76. National consumers’ boycott
2 q8 A6 y; ]! E. L# Y b. \1 z 77. International consumers’ boycott8 [, e" E! a ?4 a& c0 `
7 u* }3 I& U, F8 n7 T5 M
Action by Workers and Producers+ l6 r- |9 g! F k6 @+ Q
78. Workmen’s boycott7 F0 Y; D. k6 J: x
79. Producers’ boycott$ G8 W9 L# J" s J8 }9 ?
. R" i& E0 V, C3 M4 t+ x
Action by Middlemen
' J5 P9 M, K5 P& Y/ j 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 ~4 @& Q4 h# h5 _' d' M7 @# i f
' B2 ~ P# H6 q+ LAction by Owners and Management
# R/ ]0 j! R$ p' {/ ?, I: U# M 81. Traders’ boycott- @# n) ^ [! p* t
82. Refusal to let or sell property& s3 W& y# r: V r( c
83. Lockout7 l5 z, d, z) D7 x1 c/ s5 ~
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 c4 c1 C# ~) n. M6 K6 M 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 b0 Y; U) r( v. k$ l3 l2 g; a
5 b T, R6 j4 I2 ^2 I+ b+ k7 yAction by Holders of Financial Resources0 h+ `, y( C& c& v( Y% K* \) z
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
: U9 _ O, s* c Z) N 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 E! l3 D: v+ @- U6 M0 B 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, K, K1 ^! Y, @8 z- x+ l) d
89. Severance of funds and credit0 m% l. v4 N |2 f
90. Revenue refusal; k, T& D+ @% X I# I0 T6 ^* X/ \
91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 b4 j7 i& x* Z3 b- M5 h4 R7 J: a5 i$ Z$ H ^4 }
Action by Governments
S3 W8 J$ @' w: I% Z( \$ ^) D0 F8 r 92. Domestic embargo
7 Q# {* ?/ p7 q& Y( g: q: m8 b 93. Blacklisting of traders, l+ q5 b h% X
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 M, ?2 a' v, ?+ R x0 t: S p/ g 95. International buyers’ embargo
. p7 v8 K" i" X6 ~/ T) N* R 96. International trade embargo* c% Q( Z) C" v3 r1 `6 b4 k7 U! ]
# u5 u* ?6 A6 ` ! b" [: w9 A; J5 e. f4 L. p
: F7 `, J# `( `( {! V* OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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0 P: m4 Y8 K: I8 U/ y/ Q* Q , g* K3 `9 E; b' j3 Y, ] w5 Z8 N- b
Symbolic Strikes, N% @1 F6 u: D4 A2 X
97. Protest strike: O+ F- x4 j( G5 ?( O. f
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)7 k3 T. h- Q2 K, F. Y! K
* k1 e* J, R* c. R1 xAgricultural Strikes
* f2 @6 C: q1 l' h* Z 99. Peasant strike
% G$ p/ E# D4 V; v, U' P 100. Farm Workers’ strike3 a5 s* c4 ^/ o+ x5 F
0 i' k, g6 L1 _$ q6 `Strikes by Special Groups0 c3 I3 \( y& G
101. Refusal of impressed labor
# ~7 n. g! f& X) x8 ~6 D6 ~ 102. Prisoners’ strike0 T W6 C1 v5 |4 {* c5 J
103. Craft strike& _+ U" x- |2 L4 s* D
104. Professional strike
5 F1 [2 ?6 }9 Z: h$ w3 S0 [3 G$ v/ ?4 r% t+ x/ O) b/ [' x
Ordinary Industrial Strikes9 }- _+ w. g3 ?" _) H* @- O0 X! H c
105. Establishment strike
7 {9 M$ @3 g8 s 106. Industry strike) `/ U* d; @+ A* @, b8 b
107. Sympathetic strike/ [9 y' I% o% m9 W1 C g2 h
& Q) m3 D# q2 f
Restricted Strikes& g1 ]" [4 ?( |
108. Detailed strike
1 }- k6 S* ~& Y) f x. p4 c 109. Bumper strike I; a \1 x9 O8 c" K
110. Slowdown strike
1 V7 p6 N I7 a% n 111. Working-to-rule strike
9 Y1 r; H) g" ` 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- q N8 H/ `% ^6 w
113. Strike by resignation4 q9 b" `9 k% c9 k- Y: N( {8 n
114. Limited strike4 A$ ^' z0 r6 Q3 l
115. Selective strike/ I5 c% r; D0 k) v8 F6 y
1 P& F* T% Z- `. ^" x) I
Multi-Industry Strikes, M9 L# T( I$ w
* w4 Y0 Y1 @* I7 L# J# d 116. Generalized strike
4 d- m( I% S7 [! x+ {! u* I
2 U. H% z6 j; x1 a( p8 p- [ 117. General strike
8 k% c7 {5 w, ?9 W* k: m- d; R: d% y3 v! j0 t3 {
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 ^9 C# A- w' Z
, h1 E% z& a" d+ F
118. Hartal+ _% d6 r5 ]6 m: x8 f3 J+ j
8 X) j. ~5 F: g+ G4 X8 E' h: s 119. Economic shutdown# V6 B4 q% J V* I3 T: b1 f
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# F0 I& p% W% U- q$ I4 ]
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION4 t" r5 K; b/ w
5 H: s/ l/ \1 ]/ ^: }" ~0 c+ o( E
2 j. v8 N( }7 W U# K% A) BRejection of Authority0 ?9 l* g0 J" O7 S9 `2 G
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( V+ u3 b% O, ^- i; f4 r- s
121. Refusal of public support
0 G/ _3 m8 T5 B) R* g% A 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' U9 P' ?* t% Z4 [8 c
0 {0 J( ^, Z% i# YCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government, W5 i6 g* f# @# a3 L( M0 g
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" j" s& M0 j% O' N* _ 124. Boycott of elections! x. c8 |7 c( ]- E; e
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, V; ?7 I4 z3 J% E) h$ Z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 I0 ?* G7 t3 b: u' I6 q' v
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 |7 M( I+ a2 h* g 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 E: _4 _8 ^) ?" e4 Y0 d3 Q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ C! u Z* i, y" |1 \
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! E, s0 L; I# A+ I" f
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 U) P, K8 G, I ], s
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 w& x7 M5 X. b/ i* A# v
) C9 T6 D* @( u: N9 ^9 `) gCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience% S+ I6 n$ F. n( h6 ^
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# j8 A& B L' M; F' S- Z( ]2 i
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- d( ]! w6 e8 P0 E* g' h
135. Popular nonobedience
7 H+ |2 }$ D6 ?% N- _1 t 136. Disguised disobedience6 Q2 r" y: C0 f E' m) p* ~
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse& ^& [% T2 Q! h q* D
138. Sitdown: ]$ @4 s% g" ~2 n* H
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* {1 e5 h, Y: ~* a* l- J 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 e1 R0 P8 _$ c
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ }/ t9 N# x( h
( K/ D9 ?/ v! eAction by Government Personnel& E1 g% L: O8 A# {# b2 ]. @
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( E* k% M+ s, W" m 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! |0 t; W9 X6 q, R% i 144. Stalling and obstruction8 W! g: u+ Z9 W4 r, i8 b
145. General administrative noncooperation
( o) {( Z+ g" {5 }- X0 Q; z2 ~
146. Judicial noncooperation% S4 `4 {& x6 l9 |; U; n
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( \% T' S& s: O- q! T; k; T
148. Mutiny
7 Z( b# |( k: H Z4 f6 e6 NDomestic Governmental Action
% k6 h5 ~$ w& P2 T 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ m3 r9 N6 H2 q7 q
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: t1 z8 i) l# m- q
; c: e2 F% N* t5 b) T
International Governmental Action- M; L6 w' O" E) F9 V$ x7 s9 M
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 ~1 G/ ]( l5 K5 S' ~
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- ]7 t7 A7 O; P( p
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 G1 Y% v3 M' G3 E' ?
154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 ]1 B) J2 ?6 Y4 u, g. v& o
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& ]& F1 R& c/ @% q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 w* Q3 ^# X1 P) Q, x 157. Expulsion from international organizations# l6 _4 N) m/ c n3 y
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* W. Z3 D8 r. B& i* Q j4 ^3 ]5 a2 ^: ?; |; ]8 a t7 ]
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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% N A( @+ Y X% X" i1 D+ VPsychological Intervention
+ J+ o0 B5 A' V( \ 158. Self-exposure to the elements2 b, X: E: l/ Y0 ~$ m1 k2 z5 I
159. The fast
3 K( `; {/ _# C/ _% _6 v a) Fast of moral pressure# X7 n, ~$ j8 {
b) Hunger strike
+ `2 |# a3 f: O! z. r% C c) Satyagrahic fast+ n7 l" n- h3 N" L
160. Reverse trial+ O5 J. g+ X e% i5 G' I, L, X& d
161. Nonviolent harassment3 q7 z* X# Q4 u2 I1 j& g
/ \/ c6 s8 Q, l
Physical Intervention6 t( s; q W. P" `. d$ w% M
162. Sit-in
6 C, m0 A' f/ ]3 T. w2 D 163. Stand-in" G7 ^0 \7 x7 C& ?( u0 V" H: u* ~
164. Ride-in
7 D: ?* K4 D9 t: _ 165. Wade-in, I2 j9 L, I2 M1 h2 k4 d
166. Mill-in" O7 Y0 g/ l3 ^! b3 M( G- z
167. Pray-in
3 r+ X7 b7 `8 m, h! I( a3 `5 l 168. Nonviolent raids
5 t: F5 A* C+ K7 J, e$ g 169. Nonviolent air raids
# ~+ r3 p9 X+ E y# J 170. Nonviolent invasion
: ` d- N: L: I6 ]* Y# ^ 171. Nonviolent interjection9 x! _* [, w& A5 F
172. Nonviolent obstruction
8 a6 v7 G% z3 o" P 173. Nonviolent occupation# u5 ^3 S& r# F9 D
" T" F' H- i$ M4 `1 k! |Social Intervention: T. p( F3 Y/ G
174. Establishing new social patterns
/ l/ ~% s9 v/ }6 e k4 p 175. Overloading of facilities
4 n: S+ k) k& G# @3 @# j 176. Stall-in
% G. h' `7 h# |! m/ \ 177. Speak-in$ R; v9 a* q A) f2 n! G9 |
178. Guerrilla theater. D% V* d3 k3 p h
179. Alternative social institutions
! Y, o7 B. f' R" u4 w q 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention# v# `" K2 ~6 G/ c H$ K' N
181. Reverse strike# d! O* E$ y1 I* s% I0 _" v
182. Stay-in strike
( E- d7 @# e* i" l9 [1 W4 K$ U 183. Nonviolent land seizure
- d4 I: J, D& m5 p, Q) X 184. Defiance of blockades( d: T& I( |+ | x/ q' `) U3 }
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' h! f$ W8 u# O0 ?2 _ 186. Preclusive purchasing$ \; D. E( ]! ^) i% I8 G
187. Seizure of assets) d! p* K/ \0 m$ Z% T% f
188. Dumping% ~$ V. ~# F ]6 r6 r
189. Selective patronage
/ o5 d; c" X8 N7 q, N1 D- e 190. Alternative markets
# ]1 i0 L7 U# D 191. Alternative transportation systems
; f# l* M% ]( z; O 192. Alternative economic institutions
! Y% p# J; @( [# d; \: p$ r! X2 \# ]1 P! Y$ d7 k
Political Intervention
7 d) {/ i( n6 o$ x 193. Overloading of administrative systems- M5 ?; s( F3 A- B$ F+ t& |( z" z
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. s5 l9 X6 u7 a
195. Seeking imprisonment
# F, N% s$ ]. E. F 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
+ ?2 z* E+ k0 ]; r 197. Work-on without collaboration
, D- b( ]) S1 W8 @ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
