 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# ^) x% K$ m, V6 U: a
Formal Statements8 s/ J9 A5 E S" G: P- k5 g
1. Public Speeches
* r, ~* p# w5 v# i3 p% t# o0 h 2. Letters of opposition or support
: H/ v; G3 d/ ~' q1 \6 z# r0 R 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 L) r2 M( u; I, [1 N' z
4. Signed public statements
n3 e) {' a& e+ u9 e0 c2 u 5. Declarations of indictment and intention" I! } C# `7 {: f* z% W
6. Group or mass petitions8 j! `# [0 ?6 L% f1 p3 m7 m
& ~( H, H! `0 ~- ]; t0 Y: Y7 c
Communications with a Wider Audience2 \7 \) h* a2 D* L4 s; w! W
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols8 J8 w8 Z) L. M$ n
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- W& a: ^6 k5 E$ P+ a
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ x, |7 p8 ?/ I p5 H+ S1 C 10. Newspapers and journals
4 K- u! ~% s5 h \! n, F 11. Records, radio, and television' a" x# s: C6 ?' Z1 g
12. Skywriting and earthwriting# L$ ^" a, Q `- d3 X x; P
A1 S7 D% J9 h& {2 ~Group Representations
2 M7 z, n* G2 i& ?6 u, r/ ~3 r 13. Deputations
- o- | w3 i' P: S3 A& J 14. Mock awards7 i8 D5 _8 D4 ?9 i* J3 S' w
15. Group lobbying
# Q$ R* \, G9 r- [ 16. Picketing
+ k: m8 f) S- c, a# F' E& y( l& U 17. Mock elections% H% T2 v6 ?( v( y
% C* M' r6 A; w6 t
Symbolic Public Acts+ I+ R/ ~/ [/ W$ k2 ^/ Z e
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 F& ]5 Z- s3 G
19. Wearing of symbols
, c- }9 h6 ~1 c7 _* w 20. Prayer and worship/ i; r6 k/ V& d, B0 n5 R. O
21. Delivering symbolic objects9 B# [* j) p& e/ v. H6 I
22. Protest disrobings
+ {$ ~) W9 x4 S) v 23. Destruction of own property# Q/ j' u" H0 P2 A m8 [
24. Symbolic lights' ~6 F! a) l; T. n* X+ _( y; ]
25. Displays of portraits1 s- }, W- |" |& j
26. Paint as protest1 K3 X7 l; L* i5 `9 o
27. New signs and names
) q! ]0 R( \; Y8 y4 z 28. Symbolic sounds1 c# ^) ]( v# E, ~ d
29. Symbolic reclamations1 q: o1 d( w' O( v
30. Rude gestures$ m$ T4 @8 m' `1 o0 b
& y) H. T, q0 e E. ]- ~Pressures on Individuals
. `; R/ j C Y 31. “Haunting” officials
3 b, `& A* l6 X$ S 32. Taunting officials& o- ^/ k# e( I. u8 t# M( Z
33. Fraternization
! C) F& }2 F# l% i) B$ ?3 B 34. Vigils) A- {/ _ s: G- O
/ Y: M, K5 [3 ]9 [
Drama and Music
/ n9 N) M; {8 J$ S: Y/ } 35. Humorous skits and pranks7 i( ~7 S% P/ H# `, Z; O' b
36. Performances of plays and music
; B# x8 Y# E3 G; o; \' r 37. Singing
% I# T" J1 p& ? w! C; c/ z
% L _) s$ C$ ~) ^( t+ t* Z [Processions4 `8 T/ ?2 h2 d n! j, t. v
38. Marches! i& w1 r+ C" N% Q8 L
39. Parades: _/ q+ F$ ~$ G. D
40. Religious processions5 S9 t5 W0 |' u2 Q9 K* h$ k9 H( E
41. Pilgrimages1 `" I ^+ H3 r! w. X
42. Motorcades
# I) n4 E" I$ ^- S9 C1 `( U+ q$ R$ c9 [0 u5 \& {
Honoring the Dead
. _- p4 }1 S% `+ B$ B 43. Political mourning* h. O0 r8 k, u" p
44. Mock funerals7 b0 v7 J; {/ o
45. Demonstrative funerals w8 B1 z$ D: r2 h6 I. C
46. Homage at burial places
. P5 ^/ e7 p2 _% {2 d n% M: u- E! o2 m9 H$ @% O6 _+ Q
Public Assemblies
: \8 r0 O7 K6 V8 } 47. Assemblies of protest or support
# P, \/ a, p6 J( r' D) [ 48. Protest meetings
& N4 r/ f6 C$ E; K4 o 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( ]/ L$ e! r, x9 ^ D3 L f 50. Teach-ins$ l2 X; D# v+ J9 A; X
+ O* G9 E" ?3 q/ NWithdrawal and Renunciation
N$ b9 U {! e4 T2 T4 r 51. Walk-outs
2 u+ h8 J. o0 O% P4 @- x 52. Silence
, m1 ]% r! I0 e X/ g: Y' t. o2 \ 53. Renouncing honors
7 L! M# X; X9 M! F1 o- E, ^& r2 q 54. Turning one’s back3 L, R! j& a- c4 S. p
K8 z% [4 `" ^; s
0 w9 W1 v9 h! n4 H9 K1 b. k
" V5 ^7 ^6 B7 S5 u' Y
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. A8 N8 b. c9 `6 q
9 P2 i% p6 v" s0 m- K0 Y% F: x
* B1 j9 K7 |5 ^! q, u2 ?( s; p3 E8 s$ a) D. o* | `, ^4 t
Ostracism of Persons2 N2 B1 L8 g4 Y% V; S& ?( a
55. Social boycott( U- |0 m& r9 S, C
56. Selective social boycott, D9 g+ G: x, B$ J' C% l
57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 d$ M5 U' a9 ]$ S 58. Excommunication
0 H4 o" R; G9 b$ G% a 59. Interdict
- J& Y8 z2 M i6 w2 r7 Z1 g
6 V& F. M: c) ^( @1 `$ RNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 n7 C( X; [# t 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( A g( E( w+ s 61. Boycott of social affairs
- X4 J7 E1 ~9 `" R 62. Student strike
) Z1 V" T2 E0 P$ l 63. Social disobedience6 A: ^6 ^4 }3 `# a* W C
64. Withdrawal from social institutions6 U+ o+ M4 A/ F! I
& D: K9 u/ } p# ~* Y1 V
Withdrawal from the Social System
! u. t, C" n z8 _: Z, Z8 K 65. Stay-at-home7 l, w- _' w, o( D+ c6 ?
66. Total personal noncooperation' {) O) T* h" a; L! `# M
67. “Flight” of workers
( J' G: `% K2 C: i* ~ 68. Sanctuary8 F6 o6 d% i7 l* w$ t
69. Collective disappearance( o8 W+ [ T, Q0 H$ o/ n
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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$ H* Z+ R( n; ]; U" R1 \$ }
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- Z Z0 R& ]6 d, r5 K6 E8 U" [
; a' x% i& L- f6 o/ F
6 Z( A0 W+ H1 @0 h+ o4 FActions by Consumers
0 S8 x& g9 X+ x 71. Consumers’ boycott6 Y) M) r8 v3 Q5 f# x( j
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
" J6 ^3 x2 n. `' b 73. Policy of austerity
% {( L- C8 m+ t 74. Rent withholding# ^4 b" |- m8 _* e; T- V& j
75. Refusal to rent
( e; u( R3 D/ F8 R! i. w 76. National consumers’ boycott
! e {7 d4 d" _* u- q4 Z w# c 77. International consumers’ boycott
9 A7 M* L1 ]" H, V- a; p7 L8 b' z9 I c" ^6 Z1 C+ e
Action by Workers and Producers
8 K, o8 c# ?: r+ g J0 R$ F 78. Workmen’s boycott) ^/ x3 f6 b: x4 F1 o& X
79. Producers’ boycott
$ H+ J2 d% E9 E3 S5 C% C1 N' F7 b: {- V, y5 h1 h
Action by Middlemen, [0 C+ E4 \2 L' B; f3 s" [4 A
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott1 {' K6 q8 `+ ^& z% ?' l2 h- j
' \% Z; L$ N K% T
Action by Owners and Management
0 q! y E( ^; {& {" U/ y 81. Traders’ boycott# y1 ~- g' Z+ d. }0 ]% H
82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 s/ ]5 ]/ j! w7 _5 W: ~0 e 83. Lockout
& }$ b3 n% C/ L% q 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
& ~8 l+ \/ @. R9 _$ m( x: L 85. Merchants’ “general strike”# j8 K" t: x0 J! _* {8 v
+ Z6 B3 E! Y, n b# h
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" ?' Z' R- w: g, G' H* u5 l; e 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" G/ z) U9 `1 R/ b
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 K8 p1 R+ V2 a8 O l
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
" @ e) @! A; p4 J& S) } 89. Severance of funds and credit
6 k* Z; a& |- Q+ o6 ]. W 90. Revenue refusal& c5 ?* K( c c! \9 u7 T# K
91. Refusal of a government’s money- L( z0 s% s: a p* q
- J# y' H+ m" `% ]/ b
Action by Governments+ T# ^* |: ]4 y* \7 W
92. Domestic embargo
1 f( G* m# x2 H, a 93. Blacklisting of traders5 m6 m9 K+ D' G$ S; ~
94. International sellers’ embargo! b; [$ w) W4 n
95. International buyers’ embargo
8 G# Q$ m* Y( U- W8 K, ^ 96. International trade embargo; b; o$ V1 k9 A. x4 [8 y6 B
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* ?2 f* V/ ^! h* N( L6 B- u# l. x9 dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
1 ] p9 ~& a- @' X8 ?0 S, o8 [" K: f+ }- v; L
3 |# F! z$ V* k) Z
Symbolic Strikes
8 E1 @& s4 X: G 97. Protest strike
7 Q8 U) I, s7 k+ q; y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): H. ?% y/ |" }$ V+ h
/ t% W% i' b3 p1 e7 g. eAgricultural Strikes2 K1 @3 u7 ]4 G( ]. J! f" S; b
99. Peasant strike
4 ]; C+ T5 S% j7 J( s, e 100. Farm Workers’ strike- U8 z! R a* e7 o& j/ u# t9 t
. Q- N7 J4 ^, B8 Y3 g
Strikes by Special Groups
5 L2 U& Q3 h a 101. Refusal of impressed labor, C! j5 C* x& c3 T4 m' n
102. Prisoners’ strike' C0 T0 |+ C" W8 M5 ]; }4 ~
103. Craft strike/ T3 e- n5 B( Q% D4 t( j
104. Professional strike: [: I; {- {% E+ B, \
- a( N. S `# T: B" @4 @, s
Ordinary Industrial Strikes& a" @; |' O9 |5 K
105. Establishment strike$ P1 ~5 c6 g Y; O- [/ M( R
106. Industry strike2 |# _5 a" h: @5 n O- M5 K% r
107. Sympathetic strike: I; u. ?. O3 M5 Q( K* I
1 Z5 b H& g. J2 ~& k
Restricted Strikes
9 i1 \$ i3 @" M& X! g9 F& N5 w' x 108. Detailed strike9 s! S/ K7 F0 l0 [2 `
109. Bumper strike) d1 l5 {* \ b2 u8 W7 s
110. Slowdown strike
; j6 g2 g* A3 o8 [7 s+ H 111. Working-to-rule strike p3 n6 F2 P% e1 F) N! e# z
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 Z! `/ ~# ]4 ?$ U5 P- l' T
113. Strike by resignation0 h% h& G4 x5 [$ ^
114. Limited strike7 x) w, s; z. K7 o
115. Selective strike
$ S$ {4 O& M# ~$ S4 p$ Q% Z4 P
6 u/ C; K! ?( g& P+ C( O0 Y( VMulti-Industry Strikes4 }) U: _" v* O/ g, ~& G6 Z
1 [/ n! ^) w% M. D2 W 116. Generalized strike$ Q+ G* W& n/ ?5 i+ F$ H
) i/ D& f: V' B5 T
117. General strike
1 }% S R% T% f+ j* d
1 C- b5 z4 q9 `( ?8 K' E% L bCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures% ^/ V! M0 N" Z2 p# S& R
; L0 l8 M2 ^3 r9 U
118. Hartal) Z) Z/ t$ _- K# \
( n% a$ j: q- E( u' W 119. Economic shutdown
3 x1 j0 B1 A. H4 b. t7 z2 c0 A( H" n
$ V5 v1 A6 k: m' E0 w# s
0 b- ^, ]2 [; [, p0 R1 ZTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. ~" j5 c+ d. R7 T' |9 I8 o) |# F
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Rejection of Authority
4 d- K% ^3 @ S1 t+ q; O 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: R: a9 @$ w0 S7 D' Y `( x 121. Refusal of public support
) p6 H: ^( |" I. Z 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ Z+ m1 X& V2 T' ]& r
: B5 W! S* d5 I6 F9 f$ kCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 [1 \' U8 L- M 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 p4 ~! d4 S! y2 }6 Q! S9 l7 S 124. Boycott of elections, h6 Q& e3 I$ O8 P* Y7 i: G m+ M
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, z7 R/ \" z F& O0 [* j 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" y" X2 t4 G& B 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 V( Z7 C- g% q( n! H s% _
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) ]) m0 w) p3 a5 Z
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents _1 q/ T- B2 r* N% e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 F5 [/ n5 `- S
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 h! a& N% p/ G k
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# ^9 K q: C0 n7 Z/ W
6 q" V- ^7 y$ v# L& q
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' ?: G9 j% W1 W8 o; l1 \
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# { n1 n# U; `+ T: x/ N
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ R. f: g, E: o" F5 T 135. Popular nonobedience
9 H' L& \7 }: X1 g( h1 u+ O j9 @ 136. Disguised disobedience- F3 H! g$ {! P$ [2 E7 P; t7 H: U
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, T2 A/ Z6 q3 b9 g" e. U4 J/ x+ v
138. Sitdown
, z4 N6 e* f3 b/ `, i5 w1 h' z5 y 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! a/ l3 Z* j" ]: `& y8 c; J" Y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 A' }% E+ J9 ?4 _5 H: [& p/ r' T
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! V0 {( T3 z/ ~5 T( V. ?3 e4 C; M8 ~& O! ?' K& K
Action by Government Personnel
5 S) q- h* y- u9 [! e 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ T1 p0 C2 u8 x3 E. h7 r 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: l4 ?" X. o7 @0 g1 m; x! d: Q; r 144. Stalling and obstruction2 Q; E p b0 T& Z. X
145. General administrative noncooperation
# S0 S# P* E' h4 f4 V1 E8 g k
' K( A( p$ R+ s+ C* k1 }2 X: Y 146. Judicial noncooperation
4 s- p3 G- i4 M G9 Y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 ~# [" Y' z4 |* N4 J; h 148. Mutiny
& F' t8 V `1 Y6 V/ w4 A5 w5 ? pDomestic Governmental Action
5 y* E8 g: E! d5 d9 D s0 ^. T 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 b3 \+ I# w; @8 U 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 m- K7 V5 _, ^( U8 x/ ~- F$ \7 u# _5 T: f @2 o
International Governmental Action1 ]& `+ v! v5 D3 @1 x: I" A
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 p7 d+ A! i/ T1 x8 T% d+ c. D 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( K: i, A& x }$ i* X; G; f 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition- H" a6 e% A9 ~" V1 j/ G1 Z
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 O: K, T- O) u- x X+ | 155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 \2 W. S" _6 D
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ r* C8 \5 s# n/ |, n7 w& F
157. Expulsion from international organizations) W! T1 d2 U$ @
( N6 B+ D: n7 b) |5 T
* G2 H; p# m! L% m" k/ K4 [: ]1 E' }7 @( m- |" w8 g: Y6 z% L6 t
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
) W3 h7 G% D( \8 l
! F, s& ]8 C7 y5 b& V& H3 ]- `3 _ 2 ]/ e! z5 f: V) S4 ^) c
Psychological Intervention
' Q8 L8 z. X+ `) s 158. Self-exposure to the elements; A3 b% ~- j* i
159. The fast2 n4 b# v: S" h. V$ ^ Q( r6 b9 @2 \
a) Fast of moral pressure8 V8 l% x! ~0 l" c$ ^+ [. K
b) Hunger strike) G* W5 I$ Q0 b0 r" o( I
c) Satyagrahic fast6 R( n3 R+ F- N/ z V Q6 E5 I
160. Reverse trial
9 L$ d: P& c7 B P: U, R 161. Nonviolent harassment
8 d" X) A; m7 v, T+ J/ [- \9 k/ R' F; c3 j+ Y2 b
Physical Intervention) ?/ ~' U6 ?( n) w, s
162. Sit-in2 ?7 [3 M8 o8 u
163. Stand-in
# ?2 Q, L( n" Q' X% t5 { 164. Ride-in
& H5 o2 P% n2 G+ z& p 165. Wade-in
, W1 Z* W" J7 {- X" q( s7 e% s) o6 ` 166. Mill-in
" \) ~& d' V8 O 167. Pray-in
* G J* e+ _* E9 J. T 168. Nonviolent raids, i: g8 i/ f! f# |3 o
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 ^" N" H$ l2 z8 J 170. Nonviolent invasion
8 z( g0 N: {# m& h/ I4 L1 @+ { 171. Nonviolent interjection
- k. f8 m5 W- j; p 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! ^# ~4 z$ W8 l/ b2 M 173. Nonviolent occupation% o: J& w! s: G2 z6 f$ X; M
0 }2 ~' y; o1 E! v% k
Social Intervention
( [. h w# Y b3 Z2 n8 L 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 h! Q; B: {" c+ M- ?( b 175. Overloading of facilities
1 W7 p' L; J2 m1 n. T; {6 z) Y 176. Stall-in& Q. C- f" Q9 y3 ]# [- f+ Y S
177. Speak-in1 N# w7 m8 o9 Y
178. Guerrilla theater
+ }% z8 w& z) `" h! q2 |. d 179. Alternative social institutions* t$ s3 g+ E4 O9 P9 j$ s1 q
180. Alternative communication system
! h @0 j0 S) ?( V0 e9 u1 z) p$ u6 V1 z/ z4 h
Economic Intervention
8 H5 k( |. s# J 181. Reverse strike/ f" \% ^, K5 W0 f5 r2 }
182. Stay-in strike
8 y) c8 {' h2 `# A% c, E" D 183. Nonviolent land seizure% \9 @9 o4 w4 j4 o _( w
184. Defiance of blockades' ]& I8 u4 T$ D3 U
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 q- Y: ^- X) B% b* T T0 d4 v
186. Preclusive purchasing
5 ]0 t# B# n; {( C2 B 187. Seizure of assets4 n: P5 E: }7 o$ t" W
188. Dumping
7 C) W8 [. ?" J% {& V, t5 y9 ?" X! } 189. Selective patronage$ }5 [; \" G% Q; y4 W
190. Alternative markets
: c x$ y8 r- Q4 c6 f* D 191. Alternative transportation systems; V( t, x: |, }# x8 J( t
192. Alternative economic institutions
: _8 x. \, |8 j- U7 ^0 |. w
( E! @ U5 g7 d, |3 s( ^; bPolitical Intervention
6 z, |1 z' k5 d5 | 193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 J4 }( n3 Z! \" s0 w) W) L 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
1 k$ J' i+ l+ }+ X8 n# F( g 195. Seeking imprisonment
- c; A2 {: H+ x& d5 v3 [1 M 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 l! Z# P/ j8 C) {% O9 P5 w$ L
197. Work-on without collaboration
/ [7 O2 p/ \4 x0 I/ u$ d 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government- O1 \, @- m. C/ |& s4 q3 I' e
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
