 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
' C# Q8 e8 c% r5 j b$ |Formal Statements4 p6 d& N1 Y5 p9 o; Q. G- _! ~0 T. G
1. Public Speeches
& v N8 W |$ A& W9 {) X2 m 2. Letters of opposition or support& U$ Q; A6 J# f, u
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. {4 W) y8 \" e( ?* b 4. Signed public statements
& ~- z+ z# c% W$ x 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! N- p) m: j7 k 6. Group or mass petitions. g5 W" I- i! w& p. c7 o8 M4 i
( S7 h5 u7 z( T' FCommunications with a Wider Audience
0 ^ t# I1 z |0 N) h 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& g8 N* s1 }& S$ N" F: n" G 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! D2 h, _# S+ X( j
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( \1 G3 k) ^' V/ i1 {' q: A8 r 10. Newspapers and journals
& U# H4 [3 L4 A. i) v* @5 t+ g 11. Records, radio, and television5 k& c/ I1 s; @" A
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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2 u% W1 j. h, ^9 j. y I' a' E8 qGroup Representations+ ~( S; q( Z" [) ]8 X
13. Deputations. ^; _' a0 q3 ~' w
14. Mock awards
; r3 U. q/ Z N. g2 G* p3 _ 15. Group lobbying
& T5 y+ J" {& `1 E 16. Picketing9 G( D7 j5 P6 [0 P
17. Mock elections
$ C$ K x2 b c
7 A9 w) _: y1 W5 f; \4 DSymbolic Public Acts
+ {/ D9 c8 [. X6 M' r! V2 }" v 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 X' s5 \/ h, P3 O5 w1 O9 @) @- ` 19. Wearing of symbols
; S% Q- ?% S2 Q 20. Prayer and worship
8 i. s8 |! Z0 G, G& U/ C 21. Delivering symbolic objects! n- G: x& m* m) z: {& R
22. Protest disrobings/ U( ?3 T" s# f# K) q5 ?. C
23. Destruction of own property& _ L4 e+ I. G
24. Symbolic lights0 x7 C) ?$ @, G- B* V% f4 m# ^5 q
25. Displays of portraits
% }5 U/ g1 \( v7 ^$ W4 p 26. Paint as protest0 z! `% Y$ m) x) m" \$ w* R" m; Y
27. New signs and names( a1 U7 e# z7 Y$ a+ j$ _. v
28. Symbolic sounds
; C+ S4 I \ r7 ]/ Y 29. Symbolic reclamations' L- m( }1 C, @* U) o
30. Rude gestures7 Q9 `. N* V) C" h7 ]+ v: g
7 A D- x: s; M0 H% y( B5 mPressures on Individuals& K* Y- X8 C5 a) E2 v) s" h9 g
31. “Haunting” officials+ n+ L' U. N% e" B
32. Taunting officials
- p" a+ P6 \) |$ ]( T7 ? 33. Fraternization
4 g2 k( t5 k- |. U- ` 34. Vigils. v3 t, j* s) i+ ]0 q- s
! o6 c' J$ c8 y. x* PDrama and Music
0 f6 P4 q0 L! Y2 c; l" S# @. F 35. Humorous skits and pranks' T0 G# G' `2 }3 }/ e; v
36. Performances of plays and music
. D" J0 k" w7 T! ~ 37. Singing% Q! C# A; {9 t
$ p1 [7 Q7 K- E* K B6 n- G% F2 i; mProcessions
* Q7 R+ h. J0 f! j( n 38. Marches
# J; @6 N! G' ]& `+ f 39. Parades
& H, e& V- a8 P& Y, w# a 40. Religious processions
- @* s: x# b- ?6 x# C( W7 k2 X% N- t 41. Pilgrimages
3 N! G1 L6 Z/ q+ ?) O2 u 42. Motorcades1 @( j& G# Y6 T
8 i# z' `7 c" n8 g7 \+ X% w! S1 ]
Honoring the Dead
8 _. ^$ l- [: f5 c* U/ M9 X5 [5 N 43. Political mourning7 O Z+ C! y' |, `
44. Mock funerals
8 e' P; u4 Q7 \4 F* o9 [+ j3 H 45. Demonstrative funerals1 z% S- d4 W0 i2 ^# N3 v1 L
46. Homage at burial places
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3 k% }4 p" `: Y3 }1 @2 Y) ]2 IPublic Assemblies( W; f; N6 v5 z# F* Z' Q
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 w( f. E" H+ d8 W/ W1 F l 48. Protest meetings
6 ^# e, B# Z; T7 u. A! w3 W 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 ~. o# M! I6 V% E5 n& z
50. Teach-ins
1 H9 [' D. k, R9 L* }8 R& p N( q
- l$ b- y4 o& |0 C' _; GWithdrawal and Renunciation
" g% x2 Z- b* I; B 51. Walk-outs
7 [4 A+ n( h9 G2 \* i% y5 f 52. Silence
; A4 U. E5 f# ]* i 53. Renouncing honors" j8 ~" ~5 I5 I" z& N$ U
54. Turning one’s back
1 x" x0 A- L7 s4 f7 s, z5 o- o3 P7 x, D- A1 A0 B% @
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1 P7 C. d% @9 `; q' X- BTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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8 ?2 I% Y; M; n. pOstracism of Persons
! i4 g1 K+ H; U, ]4 |+ ^ S" O5 J 55. Social boycott
4 S ]$ C' Q3 b( l 56. Selective social boycott
' i X& ^; b6 J5 s 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 }& n8 f9 p& m/ L
58. Excommunication% I- H( v0 N0 C1 G
59. Interdict
# [) W; f: \2 [3 }
8 D+ s1 _* K# qNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! c: }0 v3 ~* N7 o, c; m 60. Suspension of social and sports activities2 y8 V+ w; H8 o) q6 a6 a
61. Boycott of social affairs
3 N9 k' F1 i' W' a 62. Student strike
" K" U7 E9 o4 d: p: D* l 63. Social disobedience5 F8 e+ W8 E# |- h+ P, k
64. Withdrawal from social institutions; J, c" S% P: @9 X3 M
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Withdrawal from the Social System1 ^3 l3 l& g) z1 e! ?7 ?
65. Stay-at-home
2 m2 f1 H8 d* s 66. Total personal noncooperation1 D! r; c6 c0 j( R
67. “Flight” of workers- ?* ?$ [4 z$ b8 Z, @+ ^! g6 l5 ]/ z
68. Sanctuary
5 l, z* _# {$ D- A: C7 u# S 69. Collective disappearance I; E8 t8 T$ T/ W% h
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) d2 b% h" G3 B3 _; b
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers/ V( w2 S& o# Y6 K+ p
71. Consumers’ boycott
1 d; i P6 `2 q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 \1 \- }0 u- I, Q7 b5 M
73. Policy of austerity5 S% ~* F! L: Q6 a4 | C$ K( d
74. Rent withholding; @4 x3 E) \; H( G9 f& j
75. Refusal to rent
& T* n, C% P& `( y* @' O1 u 76. National consumers’ boycott" J+ _$ h4 m/ y) Z) g1 X- j1 F
77. International consumers’ boycott- Q& Q+ S8 J; b
& B- V+ h( s8 d( c, c& ~# y
Action by Workers and Producers6 X& _6 d l' d3 x0 H
78. Workmen’s boycott( o$ \% U! \ G6 h9 J. u
79. Producers’ boycott
6 {9 Q4 Y! U- u. M6 j. V- K! h- U. W+ _% X, l: d6 ?
Action by Middlemen! N9 V/ W6 O1 C/ n# O4 y' O
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& c- t- b+ D% K% M/ \
6 }9 G* @' w8 rAction by Owners and Management: H/ p7 ?* ~' v6 F
81. Traders’ boycott
- U. g$ c4 i) M$ L J: a/ | 82. Refusal to let or sell property" @( O( N: O: c1 j) D+ N
83. Lockout$ f( F8 d& G6 q0 ?+ r
84. Refusal of industrial assistance" d% L5 e8 T9 s* E1 x
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources5 W3 Q6 V. v: f6 U6 Y4 ~
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ E# b7 l/ w2 e. R2 P 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 B4 O( [0 C% K- E3 i% H2 }7 b 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 z7 `- O' a6 ^
89. Severance of funds and credit% f5 n0 r* t! {! o, _
90. Revenue refusal
2 U( k+ M8 ?8 u1 x( X0 m. @ 91. Refusal of a government’s money: u$ ]0 C0 y2 W5 d: b2 w4 M
6 U! d Q, E' U8 p" `6 p; S
Action by Governments4 V9 y7 S$ Q# D: w) I% G# G
92. Domestic embargo& [4 ?- T/ O8 X' \. |% W* N! i1 s
93. Blacklisting of traders( X, U; i/ @0 a9 L1 B
94. International sellers’ embargo
8 W; l8 ]: w E" O8 k 95. International buyers’ embargo
u: M% i( ?/ \3 z 96. International trade embargo
% J: o0 J/ C1 T! d- R6 A1 [8 a8 ]: C: i; L1 x" q/ g T7 M
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0 l) |; _( W J, [. k: r |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
) D8 g* Y% k5 W9 _2 m2 { 97. Protest strike
* ?0 D. F7 e+ B1 p7 L, r$ Q 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, d+ U% _% U5 d2 l! L9 P; a' S3 s6 c1 S k( A3 Z
Agricultural Strikes
1 O( w* o+ X) G0 g: M1 [# H) _ 99. Peasant strike% r$ a* [' E) ~
100. Farm Workers’ strike
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Strikes by Special Groups! n7 F) k% L/ W5 v
101. Refusal of impressed labor" _. |5 i* E& e5 c: k9 `
102. Prisoners’ strike8 R2 H) O |- \% v: ]& M1 u1 O) Y, C
103. Craft strike% K% s- i8 |& Q N3 r
104. Professional strike
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9 {/ l7 i5 i" v9 ^' HOrdinary Industrial Strikes3 `- B/ ~; [4 I* {9 ~# _: A
105. Establishment strike% u! c- f* d5 i5 J
106. Industry strike
5 M4 G1 R7 h6 g; |9 e. k) U3 j 107. Sympathetic strike$ ^5 b( J# k1 L+ x
- o; e9 H2 X0 p, {1 _! D9 F8 c8 R
Restricted Strikes9 g- g1 Q% w& [7 r
108. Detailed strike, y# b% D+ _: B( X2 P5 { u, y, j3 O
109. Bumper strike- f ^2 L# M I3 b g
110. Slowdown strike
$ s7 M# I# f! Y, w 111. Working-to-rule strike( y% t2 l T- y" }% j
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& d( l6 y4 ?# @6 ?! {( P) o5 C3 _
113. Strike by resignation
! [/ L+ \$ W% D1 Q 114. Limited strike# m1 I. O6 b9 @5 \$ g. f
115. Selective strike
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n3 u' u; B6 ] {' aMulti-Industry Strikes
h! M- g# F* r9 W, Y
9 x9 C: f2 A; d; a& n 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike- R' f6 }9 [( C4 l/ f9 A
* B7 |" h- A Q UCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal2 m; w7 o' F+ M% K8 G3 d3 b
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119. Economic shutdown# N; i% I; g* N
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% U. ~( K/ C# D& i! A( gTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( e4 w' t4 F# S3 ~4 B$ Y' ^
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Rejection of Authority
) a' ~8 E8 S2 t* N% h2 p# g x! e9 s 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* ?( V+ w. \9 Q1 V; d8 ]. ]
121. Refusal of public support' {( o3 X. Q. w0 ?1 |- x; U" R
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 Z& ^. j1 Z6 N
9 s% z9 D* Q1 Y2 F4 T
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 v* I' `+ x+ D5 g( o; B; o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ A ]5 L. O9 w+ }+ S
124. Boycott of elections: g$ Y7 `# l ^7 `0 a
125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 N; H. ?; e8 c% Y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ `4 D! i( M& O1 p 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 i- N$ H( N$ F# \0 C% Y5 |$ p 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 z& ` ?. {8 {9 u+ V/ }
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 T3 ^* L2 O/ ]4 l k9 v% n' g 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& S5 t1 v6 J. K4 @+ E 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ X+ y" u1 H$ T+ g3 J9 G 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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& r$ \% e: C1 U* {" t: JCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 K. y4 w6 S5 p 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( g9 o8 k' z5 B( O9 J0 P 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# |+ ]7 n' b- }5 D8 {! i8 u
135. Popular nonobedience6 e1 Z. X7 ~& h' v, o: v
136. Disguised disobedience6 O& |6 W2 {/ B: ~: j/ M
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 |6 M6 ], q# J 138. Sitdown/ i# H* k* @6 m
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
9 u4 Q# L; [" y0 H1 b; `4 f 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities J# b4 B$ `# [, f/ m3 y' J
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws- U; Y( O9 D, P' T
! d6 G3 A: Q9 n: ~ z$ T k$ K
Action by Government Personnel: ^" c6 R' u4 `2 J/ [' X* \! W
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ K7 m* e/ u! J3 O
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! h& g" A$ v5 [$ |0 J
144. Stalling and obstruction
% p- P2 p$ P! N/ J; |/ s, L/ Q 145. General administrative noncooperation+ d; i( ?1 `% _4 s6 j) M, { @; n
7 e' A( V& u& h 146. Judicial noncooperation
# O# c3 J2 L9 U) u0 I 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' X: m, C; h& E4 \ K
148. Mutiny
: k8 W) Y& M6 v# v; U' q& dDomestic Governmental Action
) B& I+ Y" p% W, v0 C0 Q+ j- K 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# d& d; \4 X, t7 h8 J X7 G/ l 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# i+ ]; L0 \2 ^ J, F& A
; l8 s, M! j$ J( j2 X% E/ rInternational Governmental Action \- k+ ]% w) `# a0 V8 ~
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 h% j8 S1 F5 n | X ]) ^8 i 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 x, e' c% _0 s, U
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition- }% {1 x0 |# p; e7 w
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
h: X; S' n# T( {0 y* i* }0 v# Y- t2 N 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 p7 N! H8 `7 ~7 Y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ F& R, P3 h; z& V3 L- G$ W& W3 {
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention9 W( x: q5 F4 M0 Z5 H) t7 [ A
158. Self-exposure to the elements
& r$ e& g9 ~9 K, a1 D( o8 _ 159. The fast
8 Z( d3 s2 G" T4 y, i' t: i, a a) Fast of moral pressure9 T V5 I* r7 I
b) Hunger strike1 ?" p$ q2 f3 Z
c) Satyagrahic fast% _$ g& a9 k6 _% |" S
160. Reverse trial
( j' `) ], Z3 ]5 ^$ K* E0 p 161. Nonviolent harassment% w2 D0 j$ I; a* B; L" R
7 x# c, [8 V3 C9 [* a
Physical Intervention, E2 q9 I0 z% ?3 R% S# z! _
162. Sit-in# i6 l1 r; n. w* I! k
163. Stand-in
h" p$ C! c( S7 v+ A 164. Ride-in
y+ f2 r$ N% Y2 l( Q- w 165. Wade-in
! m! z, h/ W0 [2 t4 X4 A 166. Mill-in, o4 j! G* n- t& l4 n; [
167. Pray-in
4 r" L* c2 h( i/ j$ s1 ]5 V" U; M 168. Nonviolent raids7 e" w _6 Z$ |% ]- p$ j
169. Nonviolent air raids; R! o- w, `5 v% J# k' Z
170. Nonviolent invasion3 t1 j8 ?, Y% i
171. Nonviolent interjection
7 r: r( a6 d9 J 172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 a0 ?+ E2 s T. q7 N" g7 ? 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention2 c' p5 Y/ g1 M
174. Establishing new social patterns
+ V5 C; v; y; r- B- j# C 175. Overloading of facilities
0 a: F$ m- f$ `+ x- o& k3 w/ C 176. Stall-in
* K3 \0 m4 d T1 `/ K- L 177. Speak-in
# R! D0 l# H# y3 X; l: U' j: ? 178. Guerrilla theater9 W Z/ }6 i, y8 m' A1 G+ N
179. Alternative social institutions
0 b( R8 _1 ?& i" i' ^1 s# Z 180. Alternative communication system7 w: P- s# T+ A1 Y Y7 N) W* ?
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Economic Intervention7 q2 a& g6 n0 x d; n9 X9 Z. V' D
181. Reverse strike- E/ W* U. L! B5 U$ T. y7 k
182. Stay-in strike/ y3 W) g; m5 C
183. Nonviolent land seizure, x' y! O: `5 y% M/ k
184. Defiance of blockades- f6 j! s; T# f' i
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ a+ M) G$ O1 C7 a- `. o
186. Preclusive purchasing
' T) B& a' K" n 187. Seizure of assets! }) K. j6 m' \! l
188. Dumping$ N: i/ n+ W' u8 R! s- w
189. Selective patronage# X- C9 W3 k+ [! E9 {9 K
190. Alternative markets
" f* T/ C6 Z+ `0 T6 O 191. Alternative transportation systems
9 M& l [ Y; O& _2 J% X 192. Alternative economic institutions
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3 J5 [5 ]0 z3 @# v2 e2 D1 r3 _Political Intervention
+ ?9 f5 y" E5 r 193. Overloading of administrative systems8 y. d( I6 Q% ], ]# @# S/ H5 V
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" e ], z0 U& R% f2 k, z 195. Seeking imprisonment
) H$ N4 Y7 v- e4 P1 W. I 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 b9 a; W7 `; [
197. Work-on without collaboration' y1 c1 @# [) U! a
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! T v5 h0 Q. O
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
