 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 ]8 n5 K8 x5 uFormal Statements
& T8 P& N: S- X/ V% @- L$ K+ u! M 1. Public Speeches/ l7 A0 k) s2 s8 J
2. Letters of opposition or support
2 z! a' l; p/ x) J: F _( e& } 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% b% i6 Z6 y+ E: j4 C+ N/ E
4. Signed public statements
4 t9 m' ?8 O @2 Z0 H) ]& q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( v" W4 l/ C# Y! M y4 ] 6. Group or mass petitions
; R- u% o1 H% |% G5 n, G* O0 p+ m. n4 q m1 W d
Communications with a Wider Audience
. e( ?& g% w$ i+ X5 p 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" F) i& w4 L+ L7 p. c5 ^( _ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 L6 r5 k7 q& m5 [" c5 c/ _" L 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 P. }1 }" C+ b2 H5 [: g
10. Newspapers and journals) D# N, E) e. O' ^7 Y. K( \. V
11. Records, radio, and television2 M/ o" W" Q7 @
12. Skywriting and earthwriting, g# L- z* T0 ^: R5 J5 N/ y
# j8 R) b3 G5 e$ k% u
Group Representations) z6 n7 W( c% E0 }! Y
13. Deputations5 q& j4 b' I+ R7 y
14. Mock awards
. |; t0 i9 ` f; E" n; v 15. Group lobbying
* h; F8 a5 H' X0 C( e+ p( L 16. Picketing
7 g6 r* ~( g6 O* H4 P 17. Mock elections. c1 Q9 U, m w& Y& V
/ r1 s2 E2 U) x- u' K
Symbolic Public Acts1 a; t! X& C) ?' ]! Z8 ~
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ F4 F8 _' Z) c* O& ^ 19. Wearing of symbols8 k! ^# @( J, _* K: s7 u. g5 m
20. Prayer and worship
' q v4 I8 I6 c3 n D3 S 21. Delivering symbolic objects
. ?% o) y! ^3 o( G: e, T9 n 22. Protest disrobings
: P5 D2 o, I4 A- |' l 23. Destruction of own property7 g$ S, o* R3 r/ h! a
24. Symbolic lights
7 U. @. E, U/ p" k* ^2 e% k* F 25. Displays of portraits2 \# h+ [# Q. d% J& ~6 E* t
26. Paint as protest
- U- L# N5 u) N0 w 27. New signs and names3 E$ l# f( F* ]$ u* f
28. Symbolic sounds
7 o) F3 Z, h8 S4 F1 g$ k6 { 29. Symbolic reclamations
+ K; w$ E$ ]# T% w0 W& h 30. Rude gestures) z2 s/ H% z! h
8 H' j- B7 F! y/ Z0 N9 y) M5 oPressures on Individuals
6 a9 E* B' B/ z, P 31. “Haunting” officials! j% K$ W8 a8 O C$ h
32. Taunting officials# x+ z; {$ i1 L |5 _# K
33. Fraternization9 c! w- d& X; Y
34. Vigils6 R0 J! p4 H) |7 ]; s
3 q+ N0 x8 H! {0 b6 i2 C3 I q7 A* e0 m
Drama and Music
* q$ N$ u& v4 k" v* G 35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 Q: j h3 ]6 s: d+ J 36. Performances of plays and music
1 s7 g9 I5 f' e' [+ B 37. Singing
+ ?6 c% y6 q0 a/ U- c
% q+ e m/ A* a9 r* oProcessions
7 I& Q5 }) c2 B. A 38. Marches
* W: K! R/ _9 ~0 G8 ] 39. Parades
3 p5 b3 N- r. v$ c/ k; ^ 40. Religious processions% V O9 O. ?: M% h& j& z
41. Pilgrimages
. R% U( r3 _; C7 _- F 42. Motorcades
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+ H. F" s1 f0 P2 U3 G+ ]# wHonoring the Dead
! D; ]" c' {6 W6 ~6 _$ s* e 43. Political mourning w1 q3 p( R+ I! {, H( U
44. Mock funerals
; H: j( V9 j& K 45. Demonstrative funerals8 f L/ A3 D' K* A# P" U7 q% z
46. Homage at burial places
, }, X' a2 @! ]0 E9 z
. N I$ t# c8 ?& A# g; N0 FPublic Assemblies) U0 F/ H/ Z) k2 X; ^
47. Assemblies of protest or support
. ]! X/ p1 w8 ^/ C 48. Protest meetings, [4 K/ F) E# q; r1 ] P, v8 M
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( M8 y; E! U* w2 Z j% N9 K
50. Teach-ins; N$ U& ?& i' l% o1 ]- S0 x% ^
. }9 K% t0 K7 e0 e( a8 n WWithdrawal and Renunciation
* G y. o$ y* ?- f. a* P T 51. Walk-outs8 U% F: P! \+ C, l6 F
52. Silence0 _3 m1 l1 F: ~' _* ]' }5 F$ [
53. Renouncing honors1 r* g# ], n! Q* K
54. Turning one’s back( u+ v7 u/ ~ G# M) x: U& M) E& W
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. ~: u! ^* D3 a% I& {0 ?* b) `THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- |' y; E$ u9 s* l* ^, o K! T$ A
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# F i# s& r# J1 N) u# rOstracism of Persons
4 P+ r( N9 w( D& \7 o+ w 55. Social boycott
. a: T9 ^2 f' h$ K2 v 56. Selective social boycott
& Z7 q8 d3 U8 K6 Z 57. Lysistratic nonaction1 O; O# H- e" j; q5 C' {
58. Excommunication# g' d3 ^ \: j& c8 I
59. Interdict
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8 C3 W; V0 a9 XNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- J& R! z3 D8 @) ~4 D. r3 L
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, N1 O% N" H4 f# w 61. Boycott of social affairs( j5 I( K9 a& ?6 D
62. Student strike
* X P g* N# O3 ], p- n 63. Social disobedience k' F( F2 I9 V+ o0 ~9 {1 P3 O
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 ?0 P$ H! v0 ?, l
) z+ D/ L4 l- sWithdrawal from the Social System# x1 {3 X8 ^7 I$ g8 r
65. Stay-at-home# w' g7 a# j* r1 |# R5 q" Q
66. Total personal noncooperation9 M0 ]8 R5 _3 b: B+ _* o9 j
67. “Flight” of workers5 A4 ^/ S# R3 L- F. v% S5 p/ `
68. Sanctuary
% z5 |7 @4 |; x, J; Q2 E 69. Collective disappearance* K5 Q! a! O/ X
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% g4 S$ {3 f) u* x+ Z
G9 M" ~/ w1 V. C& I- Y
7 U: N: L* ~: K# Y
c6 K1 T" _) W! ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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9 ~1 O6 A% e o, OActions by Consumers( v; W& N# `2 {/ m$ b! `+ ~
71. Consumers’ boycott
" i( F$ W" j3 x! z5 N1 I$ a2 X 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 K7 n: j& f9 v/ r+ f! X 73. Policy of austerity6 i- T: k; P {8 l/ j; w
74. Rent withholding
9 i: C) g6 A" ~, M& l" x 75. Refusal to rent; R' X; L/ w/ K7 V1 A
76. National consumers’ boycott5 z0 f# ?' }0 N0 F$ R
77. International consumers’ boycott5 e! b" g; A1 C4 g6 ^, j6 C
+ m. {% ~' S% E
Action by Workers and Producers4 {; \( _$ ^ Z5 ^; M9 u
78. Workmen’s boycott
I3 ?5 G2 A& U( x; L 79. Producers’ boycott* i" O3 I3 J. m( r
8 e _; R: M" E/ M" h4 O9 `Action by Middlemen t1 D ~- d" v. Z, P1 e t
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 b, n: h4 F0 ]
7 Q/ s4 B" a8 T% EAction by Owners and Management
! E$ Q$ |2 }2 W" k4 ~* u, G, I9 v# o 81. Traders’ boycott# J. n/ X6 q' |, a
82. Refusal to let or sell property
% O6 c9 N$ \$ H% v9 r4 @ 83. Lockout+ T, z& \! l$ }9 ?
84. Refusal of industrial assistance, J) w# ~' c6 I
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 C% P9 T% s: _9 G) s Y8 V
. O. T3 M( S3 S* q2 M% S/ zAction by Holders of Financial Resources
- h }. X- }& R& f 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- D0 x* H/ j2 k2 f( G
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 t9 p3 @" y1 w+ x8 v) n/ c1 J 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 G9 p U8 e4 R% [) N% X
89. Severance of funds and credit
& f$ K3 t( M9 k6 u 90. Revenue refusal
1 X" i8 B9 v8 ]0 W4 ?2 f- n$ s) y 91. Refusal of a government’s money
) v: d: D; w5 x6 t) e) m+ C
; W( T i+ m/ A C. m$ d3 ]1 d# X6 QAction by Governments
4 q& ~4 h7 c; A, B$ [9 {& M% B1 p 92. Domestic embargo4 y" f- P6 N/ u+ l
93. Blacklisting of traders
; w5 x8 D' ^+ e4 C. Y2 I6 L 94. International sellers’ embargo
5 S1 c" f8 J" r 95. International buyers’ embargo2 W, g! U) K, R8 G
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 O8 N: M k+ m8 d
! u; X7 H( [1 T F ' a1 F1 Q# }2 Y( J1 y' i9 _1 k8 Z
Symbolic Strikes6 U! N1 s4 |# |. m1 N3 I1 G
97. Protest strike
) u+ m. |- n, |% s7 e0 G 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ |8 e) g3 I" a. Z. K* B7 R
9 Q) E5 k. W+ S& b) n( z
Agricultural Strikes! h: {1 R. ^# E( W
99. Peasant strike
& j, D8 {' w2 V; C$ E 100. Farm Workers’ strike
" l9 @' g- ?5 [$ x) s
. I$ H4 k* V, I7 ]Strikes by Special Groups$ K+ _* T$ u4 C. z" I
101. Refusal of impressed labor: Y9 f0 \6 c5 \5 T$ H! o$ }1 |0 t6 D
102. Prisoners’ strike9 ~- d4 h/ {" Z1 X6 l
103. Craft strike( U& ?' I1 u: b: u. _( O
104. Professional strike
9 s9 F, _9 a( w Q% a1 `) F. T: G5 ^! h7 H$ B' p. j
Ordinary Industrial Strikes! s9 \) [& g: A0 y
105. Establishment strike8 B* \ d8 o8 z. q5 d# e2 S0 i
106. Industry strike
. F: g! l& g4 Z+ `' Q! t1 g3 ? 107. Sympathetic strike' z0 J) J {0 ~. o, A2 x; N
}/ {7 f( {8 ~; {0 D
Restricted Strikes
5 c# O4 _( ^+ z' S4 p; V2 D2 g 108. Detailed strike) m: x' U% A3 Q3 g5 k
109. Bumper strike9 z5 L) j" k4 W# l) y. o
110. Slowdown strike
/ b( b/ B9 v7 ^( n) W 111. Working-to-rule strike
" W8 H7 r8 d! H. F 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; n. N9 y/ ~7 A$ f! B# t5 J 113. Strike by resignation
" X. m' z6 d5 s! C# ? 114. Limited strike' e, ~) t6 G* _2 q
115. Selective strike5 G+ w- O+ t- }9 A0 x9 e2 d. i
5 D6 Y- O# r/ P ^) B0 s
Multi-Industry Strikes
3 ~0 O0 O5 ]" ^
& A, ? n6 x# v9 v; E 116. Generalized strike8 o. z, w! d" e, {* G
! X- B" U, p9 r5 J3 c0 O) @! F: ~ 117. General strike
6 h9 T# d0 X( c+ j+ T
6 ?7 U6 N0 @8 g! L% qCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures' E( L+ ]! E1 O! R# L2 V0 W
8 d3 P# p5 d. V/ i. \6 q 118. Hartal
/ s% S; T3 {2 q% G9 q- o
; ]% J& A& G3 V" G1 ~% ^ 119. Economic shutdown) @( |4 V5 K" n: z! @
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; L: y& s4 j; F
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Rejection of Authority
1 r; U/ W) R# k' t# V1 ]* p 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 @# \: V8 D! s7 [- x$ I
121. Refusal of public support! L5 B& \* {" c" |4 Q
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( {& h" s8 s4 ^1 I2 h8 q+ H& x
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 w2 V6 m2 |( Z- r n
123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 r6 `- d: [: {+ F$ r; _
124. Boycott of elections
5 c8 r3 L1 ^& d 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
8 G# O- Z# U6 _' m5 _& k 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 f* |$ t' }7 l8 D- a/ D 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ K5 E; t- D& j- F; P. m# I1 ?
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 z4 B, e7 g) y1 M/ }7 o1 w
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( W( n% P: ?1 Q# r I
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) P! r! r9 P! `7 k1 D
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ o; R! R5 p/ S 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions( Q% H* B- L+ E" s# I
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience( v) C A l! m2 P8 Y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 `& e0 ~( E' G; ] 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 M$ N- i( e0 G. @5 j 135. Popular nonobedience
0 v j" R+ T. ]3 R8 v6 V 136. Disguised disobedience
- T, m! l# r! G' `& w" _0 m 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* X# a l/ z2 d. {$ g3 n6 S( _5 r 138. Sitdown
' e% Q' f6 [5 t) o( t8 V2 U! v 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 | w8 ?. X% o% ^ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ Q! S% Y0 a/ }/ g" C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% T m% P& m# Q4 Z' |
- w$ H1 k. C- h/ z3 }! ^! MAction by Government Personnel' s' N, D" z2 E' N+ x0 y0 w; R- @
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 M a) G3 } b: G& ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" v" I! Z- u# Q1 r7 g) R 144. Stalling and obstruction: K6 B+ o: E4 q2 a
145. General administrative noncooperation, d% ^6 R) t9 ^8 @' c5 X+ B5 d6 ?1 S2 [/ w
1 D9 X- Z- E) g 146. Judicial noncooperation
* G1 U0 t( a; C. B- _4 U 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! c6 ^$ ~+ _/ m) J 148. Mutiny% [ ]$ V, n& o7 i+ z& t0 X
Domestic Governmental Action
. ^6 ?: Z4 f1 b6 ] 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& \7 G5 S( Y* u! p6 J! \5 L
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ D& m* E; C7 J& I V' A% N" F, Y. }/ l( z' I' m
International Governmental Action
) @6 Z) M+ T! B* L- { 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( d/ ^# Y. x$ y ?5 s# n' x
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
, F( Y8 L1 x! z5 T 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 `- u! K9 V3 G' k8 q% [' Z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations1 L, }% c& _' d1 O8 G
155. Withdrawal from international organizations: Z4 E! n; R/ O, ~ `- I
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 z4 @+ y6 E7 J" i& b# n
157. Expulsion from international organizations- r! L6 `, O A1 k" d4 w
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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$ U3 A; T% e. D. Z3 F5 Z2 `Psychological Intervention
5 [5 ?! M5 j# r2 C* J/ `3 Q 158. Self-exposure to the elements0 J3 U$ M0 D# p# q
159. The fast5 f* ~9 p } { h
a) Fast of moral pressure
$ E/ V2 F( s; e+ V3 w; H. T* O8 m6 Y b) Hunger strike' o7 U3 O% y0 l/ h# e8 k
c) Satyagrahic fast
& z$ C; s R5 ]: n6 I0 W 160. Reverse trial
5 [! |1 U _2 r2 s" P) y8 ^* D* G 161. Nonviolent harassment
6 X L5 ^, J3 Z- v- p3 d$ c
% O7 _ I8 T! j9 cPhysical Intervention
- C3 w* [/ J- n6 f3 N 162. Sit-in
6 \6 Z, K) ^2 |/ t: ]4 M2 L/ w 163. Stand-in ~, ]8 |2 G) B. v
164. Ride-in
1 S! q X+ z7 `" v 165. Wade-in
) _& C5 V5 _$ M4 k+ a) \7 F 166. Mill-in
/ E5 h& P$ {- }4 m! o9 |4 Y 167. Pray-in
5 J) {. W2 H* D' c+ g 168. Nonviolent raids
/ v9 m! W4 g7 x: F- K" r( ^ 169. Nonviolent air raids
' ?# r3 _) k" Q2 P( t( t) b: g 170. Nonviolent invasion. H N0 H. i( Q8 I
171. Nonviolent interjection
; `7 T- v* r# a, g! ] 172. Nonviolent obstruction
# v9 T6 m) e6 |* U M9 A 173. Nonviolent occupation, r# N! L0 k) y1 h& q
' s1 ]& x9 Z/ N' g3 ISocial Intervention9 b' U T" i4 c( E% C8 W; d4 u
174. Establishing new social patterns
5 t2 L$ C) m5 V! y 175. Overloading of facilities; q( I! r1 p2 D( o& b! Y" E
176. Stall-in
- w" X+ g% G( m/ n2 _/ X# p 177. Speak-in1 ?) D5 K. j3 }, c/ B* |2 ]: Z# y2 s
178. Guerrilla theater) B* w4 T, j" N+ M6 `
179. Alternative social institutions! F& G5 |* \# W5 L+ ]( f
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention" N3 o1 ?0 K1 `# G* b. j; p" d
181. Reverse strike
3 g& z! I" R) H, ~ 182. Stay-in strike$ J# O/ F) e; p7 v* \9 d
183. Nonviolent land seizure5 K! V( q( |7 d* M
184. Defiance of blockades4 ~$ l& k; ^: q8 x
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) p# H2 K- L9 c6 v 186. Preclusive purchasing
% x% [; q& x- y& S$ k 187. Seizure of assets
+ i$ J2 s) k, j6 a0 B/ V; M. b 188. Dumping, @. t+ k5 ^3 V% G" [0 [/ [3 u
189. Selective patronage
% V, K' J% s* P1 H9 d 190. Alternative markets
( o, B# n {9 _ 191. Alternative transportation systems
8 P$ n) t9 `: E* f 192. Alternative economic institutions3 Y; {/ j8 E4 f& H# h0 d
' {4 z, }- v+ O% KPolitical Intervention& |7 W G2 ^* z! O u! E
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 a( M) j% b. U7 y k3 k
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents& T2 {% Z+ o0 J8 r1 h
195. Seeking imprisonment" Q. K4 d5 E$ S3 f9 Q# b7 K! ]
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( Q4 x+ A3 z4 H f0 `; m7 v4 K2 f' Y 197. Work-on without collaboration
1 x' F- ]) r( p) a2 P Y1 D! c 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
