 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- s! _) Y6 l. O. oFormal Statements
2 I! W# V" Y1 V! S e+ n 1. Public Speeches
4 W4 W+ B& _8 k" R' G) z 2. Letters of opposition or support* [; c1 y& |1 m
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( y% r( |+ t* D( c$ N* \
4. Signed public statements& v5 k& x5 F# U' o/ B
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 J. M: K* d5 z1 l' H. _ 6. Group or mass petitions
+ P% N5 M5 D4 F7 b6 ^" m
/ L8 ^. m; o7 d2 [Communications with a Wider Audience
, T5 \" Z$ V1 T 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols! }7 \) L& E* K" y
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 u0 G: ~, s7 ?- l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
N2 x: s0 j) e+ l- | 10. Newspapers and journals8 S' P, H2 W) Y& ^0 K: K
11. Records, radio, and television' N: A5 p( i1 W3 |
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 X+ F; W: `1 e" M( v, Q0 c' ]* F4 q6 {. F
Group Representations8 x8 A. V8 h# k0 P7 o- m
13. Deputations
9 g0 M; L4 g( b! r" }% G2 `9 p 14. Mock awards) {, ]$ ]" D' d/ J' d/ D* H# I/ g
15. Group lobbying |0 h6 Z" K7 c2 G3 z) L, C
16. Picketing; k) H6 y, j* ]8 U7 _& l
17. Mock elections( u- b- E$ f7 Z. k) T& n3 R1 i2 _
. j7 k1 R+ C# ]$ |( wSymbolic Public Acts
; l0 k* p4 w- h) k# {! u8 n 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 B7 |$ l3 e l( e
19. Wearing of symbols
" q, w/ t+ K/ r# S 20. Prayer and worship
7 F; v7 X- Z0 ^- m$ R 21. Delivering symbolic objects* v+ |7 K7 a4 |2 p4 y# C6 E) \4 ]
22. Protest disrobings
& W1 e: P, L) }5 E6 m O3 J 23. Destruction of own property
- ^3 |* G. a7 V. j% I5 A# e7 |3 Z 24. Symbolic lights
' z4 \0 q/ x. i$ O1 O& c 25. Displays of portraits
3 ?6 J4 E) r6 A, i 26. Paint as protest
5 [$ G% ~2 G5 v: c 27. New signs and names
, n8 I2 y; f2 A6 X 28. Symbolic sounds
+ r1 X! K; S8 ~9 u( n 29. Symbolic reclamations1 x9 y& [/ m3 H+ ~
30. Rude gestures
6 P4 Y" u1 N5 A' C; m; C+ G U8 V# S3 n8 B+ O
Pressures on Individuals
5 v4 G8 }) V$ A5 G* B9 \/ V 31. “Haunting” officials0 F! Z/ g5 |' f* m6 v
32. Taunting officials; v$ |% Z% U+ }1 B
33. Fraternization' C$ t! }3 ^* ]& |0 b/ d1 b
34. Vigils
2 Z7 q* o. z, O
: h7 B( G/ i/ c3 n+ RDrama and Music
0 [& X8 d7 e! P2 v; I+ B r4 ] 35. Humorous skits and pranks' T8 I- T* e. {- {9 @; e
36. Performances of plays and music5 ^% P" x# d( l2 I$ Q1 B+ R
37. Singing
# d/ s1 O& ]5 x% N! _. q
) a6 X# W% d% `# U- MProcessions2 u- Y2 w6 n* }% ^
38. Marches$ C8 V5 `1 V) `! j
39. Parades8 s# Q5 I. }) G, B! _
40. Religious processions
1 l% H7 Q: i. r+ k$ b b 41. Pilgrimages
1 \# m& B% Z3 E! \* ? 42. Motorcades
0 d1 o" h; z* w3 ?5 c" C& | ~5 a+ c5 h# c) M
Honoring the Dead
: X3 h8 @3 U5 n' U 43. Political mourning" j; S" M- h, i) b7 p, B0 M' J
44. Mock funerals
( H$ r, U3 F6 R/ H! B9 I 45. Demonstrative funerals
2 U; K1 F, X& G% \ 46. Homage at burial places
8 s9 i6 `% o h# _6 g' m" A0 [
% ^) Y1 X. c4 LPublic Assemblies6 K; ~ u( F- M% Z* H+ M- |: T
47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ J2 Q6 m9 O% v. t 48. Protest meetings
! p5 p1 T5 I" g8 ~2 | 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 R ?; X0 \+ b: k5 E' n( ? 50. Teach-ins
! c0 c0 }# t. E9 b( k! F5 U! p/ T7 z3 B4 L
Withdrawal and Renunciation0 U6 ~5 `7 \. K& U
51. Walk-outs2 O; M/ J$ T& d, c- e9 Z9 {
52. Silence6 c0 \/ J# p2 z
53. Renouncing honors
9 [( M- F* X* u3 E. l 54. Turning one’s back* W! I0 B& ?$ \
, T) ~$ Q5 V& J1 R* q+ r * L; V6 ~ t8 h& N8 k! K
% j0 P3 [: G1 RTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' H9 @7 A+ B' t1 m) k
" g$ h! x3 Y& f/ f" y/ R $ v! O' K0 s3 K, I/ j
7 ~: F' x, h& c# x
Ostracism of Persons" W7 U3 s1 M. C B
55. Social boycott
4 ?: b& s2 _ ]5 f2 f. n- W8 R 56. Selective social boycott
% K" _ ?' m# @4 t2 Y) h& j 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 G- J; u5 u8 q* n* H, y
58. Excommunication$ M# J7 c1 k! b
59. Interdict
* w0 F4 F" [% A8 m! M
0 a; z4 ~! I; @( h* _Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 V. _8 U1 g6 h, g) n: N9 {3 z+ |8 r 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; f, q" Z4 t: Y! B* R
61. Boycott of social affairs
1 _* n( g7 l( U( D3 t# u 62. Student strike% |* }. [1 f1 h- `
63. Social disobedience6 ^5 C8 @( u' Q5 x- J, P+ {) z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions. ?' X) O( Q$ {
% z8 J/ l5 x% Y' w( y YWithdrawal from the Social System- a& D1 M# F& Q2 ~
65. Stay-at-home5 U: q0 r& s ~9 O3 o
66. Total personal noncooperation! z" |" A4 R# T% v5 [/ k3 x( D: `3 C
67. “Flight” of workers U, `& G7 ^: ^1 ^
68. Sanctuary
; g. r& |. e8 M' R. S 69. Collective disappearance0 V" T% N1 \: A, t6 O
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% d6 b( H5 h- p- s& k$ Z$ {4 A
4 v8 Y* j4 Z2 N- m2 N
4 g. d7 F" i( X6 N7 k4 e. _$ G: V8 Y1 s3 M" I& T
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' E7 [( f9 [2 x& {6 w3 A0 A
+ K3 X, x4 c0 m( G/ E* c
2 L5 a9 r- U. K. z/ c: s* \5 \3 Y9 uActions by Consumers
4 y7 X6 u, `! V3 j3 W( q$ f* s* b 71. Consumers’ boycott5 [ R5 W* f* T# U
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) ^# p8 X6 n6 c 73. Policy of austerity" a4 ?" t: ?! q
74. Rent withholding
1 j* c9 n/ O$ X% l8 E: [ 75. Refusal to rent; r1 [3 a+ {7 k/ \
76. National consumers’ boycott6 Y4 }+ Q9 Y. d/ g2 d; p0 @
77. International consumers’ boycott
# P3 S) U% W( p: P/ e. m- x# ]3 i6 y% O8 C5 ^& M- S0 ?
Action by Workers and Producers
7 s# K& @7 Z* X3 ]$ p" O 78. Workmen’s boycott
: ~& e' c4 o0 [% H 79. Producers’ boycott
4 {4 K8 g8 f5 Y' @6 |) \7 Q- s# o/ r; u8 I6 J: O
Action by Middlemen) k9 z, ]+ ?' z: {
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ W) r/ C2 o5 b: P% B6 R d5 t
8 B0 ^9 |9 ?& Q/ Z8 dAction by Owners and Management2 \) W9 }+ y+ G
81. Traders’ boycott+ R' s8 v7 q7 f6 d x6 v1 C9 f4 g- g
82. Refusal to let or sell property8 g# T# A9 W8 V% y0 y7 x
83. Lockout7 m8 e5 x8 G& w& y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) V8 |* x- q {" I2 x t0 P 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
; A( {$ ?/ f8 Z- g6 @& h' P- L' @' h: ^( [9 o$ {$ ]/ S. F9 p
Action by Holders of Financial Resources- @4 t0 i& U3 q, u2 O% P" X5 j1 Z
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 D6 G# V$ G& V4 u- r4 }
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% P. w1 j0 W! `$ T7 f" \
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% ~ q- O+ l, W' ?4 j7 c 89. Severance of funds and credit+ @+ _1 \9 B* Y$ z2 a3 d/ ~4 b
90. Revenue refusal
% m! b% Z/ K. G1 s$ E" D8 g, f 91. Refusal of a government’s money0 I: q4 y$ H2 F$ r
) D# y3 W* j' I1 G) P3 e s$ K
Action by Governments$ r$ a- @2 d3 }" @. H3 |2 h5 O1 _# z
92. Domestic embargo
) X$ v+ W: v) I8 \ 93. Blacklisting of traders
! q0 z5 r0 @ {6 n# J 94. International sellers’ embargo$ `: a% \" K% w: J
95. International buyers’ embargo% m; k2 c% K% t9 s
96. International trade embargo% s: e- ?. r( {5 o, t% i1 o
7 N+ h# z) F% J: A+ \4 T
9 }7 z- j2 [( n4 H7 y: O; L8 p
/ h( Z9 u3 y' a% STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: r% f$ [1 s2 M/ _% V
& H" @! [3 h* s) u/ |
9 {; z9 E& P0 m3 {Symbolic Strikes W) _1 x8 e8 {9 l. t% S+ O: M9 |1 _
97. Protest strike/ _' M( {# L4 Y! ?
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 T* l, @) t- }* X/ E! f9 T5 |5 u R8 Q: }: m1 [- w) F" F" Y6 P
Agricultural Strikes
* g0 ~+ M; H, G- K, s" A 99. Peasant strike
4 r8 L) X7 p7 o 100. Farm Workers’ strike
, Y) |7 [) e" i) e7 A( c& V9 M0 f
+ w7 X5 A Z: e- j; Y( ?Strikes by Special Groups1 d3 A- E/ ~& ] k( i( W
101. Refusal of impressed labor( K8 ~, d4 x J
102. Prisoners’ strike
0 D( f* Z; ?. T' X" m2 \+ {( D9 C 103. Craft strike) C7 N% S% W, A2 |5 J: n0 d
104. Professional strike
% n! Y9 W" {& S* U4 W" d9 p$ L6 ]% Q, e+ d
Ordinary Industrial Strikes( K6 Q6 w+ @7 R, P# O7 O5 u4 H; W
105. Establishment strike
6 ~. S9 E! }; p7 M7 |& i 106. Industry strike2 }+ A: l: P3 g K3 [1 Y) s
107. Sympathetic strike
7 Y7 \! G" N, }
5 ?) t6 h' r5 d) [ P- R8 [7 MRestricted Strikes
$ W- X# j' `! e6 K# ^1 k6 h/ l 108. Detailed strike2 }8 |7 o/ @; Z2 Z# x+ O
109. Bumper strike
' D2 p$ a+ R* n+ e 110. Slowdown strike
& k7 R. y0 g- e2 ?9 p' ] 111. Working-to-rule strike
% u/ u3 Z0 w& D 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 A8 a* F4 U, |
113. Strike by resignation
$ c5 o4 K4 Z( m( @; X3 Z 114. Limited strike6 P% V7 C; ~5 M! H6 N# Z
115. Selective strike
6 U4 D- p. O1 ~- h5 Z3 B2 [. d3 [: f: |
Multi-Industry Strikes# B u2 \9 Z9 n/ e6 @6 K2 H
" {( \% ^, B+ |+ p3 O0 q 116. Generalized strike
% i8 o/ ]3 m& U& P# }4 M$ ?8 c2 ]* x2 L% }! `% O0 m& f, U) ^/ d) r9 N
117. General strike* s j% D2 r1 Q ]* @4 P
4 Y6 D0 `7 ]- q: ?* g$ vCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 I' ~! `$ s; D. d. R$ a
4 C; F5 w3 Z& Z( M4 K 118. Hartal
4 [/ X4 i) O9 j3 U& e6 S
' {& p! t; C$ ]) o" F! p" { 119. Economic shutdown
' @3 K2 y r4 I: S5 l
9 G. U$ M$ a! E" @ Q & F& `3 o5 I& d3 M6 I
! A$ J! F( d' D C+ H8 f
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION) i K5 |8 R3 O u6 B5 K
, [/ y7 r# N8 a; p* B
5 Z N4 _9 U% |% mRejection of Authority
: H' u# v1 s+ i2 Y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
, Y/ q( [$ V! H! _ 121. Refusal of public support
4 K$ E: j N0 l 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 |- _4 v ?2 {9 x
$ Q6 I- ~ W! O/ ]
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 e8 }; i+ S* G7 O 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' X1 c9 P _2 Q' t( H 124. Boycott of elections$ j- H8 F8 w) t' e, h+ s. U; @' q( P
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, V. p" e- [0 w9 ^' \5 a: u/ D" o 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 O6 x6 t' C; f" x8 p b
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions1 \, _( _+ @' V" c& @& D9 I3 e
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations* A+ ? c9 e/ z3 m2 e. m; d+ f
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 |3 {* r0 |0 ^& _5 h 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& Z% x- X/ Y' |* f' m- ^1 I
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ n9 s: L( B/ ?" m* J' v 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: b* J8 T% | d. N: S" a& u2 L
8 F' V ~6 G0 r0 j6 Q& I: Z) ~: RCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' w3 Q& S/ A3 l5 G. Z, T 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
% d1 M7 G& P; {2 B 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. G, @8 E4 {6 k* e2 c9 [$ M) u3 W& Y 135. Popular nonobedience
1 ?+ c0 K7 p$ C9 M 136. Disguised disobedience# y& d3 p6 i% S; P4 G9 j5 x
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
1 Q8 u: w. g! c/ R; R) a 138. Sitdown# A5 Q; K& k% Q9 \" T! k5 a
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 c0 L* i+ p) [2 q* d5 {: d+ ?# q 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% X& k1 m& T: U, k# a
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# C. L' P: ]* X6 p; J" x% R; G" F4 |8 J& v9 S1 x8 Z
Action by Government Personnel
" }/ Q5 B) d& y8 |3 l. C+ l! b 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 W* I3 s9 b8 _6 ?. V& }$ }' B 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 I* e( c3 e2 Y+ {4 m 144. Stalling and obstruction9 ^9 }+ {4 v: \% T% m7 R4 h4 h3 U
145. General administrative noncooperation, [2 M, C3 h. w) t
m8 E) Z, {- Z; a 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ C9 O0 Y( i) d1 G) \1 a 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 o9 E2 g8 o8 O! Z7 C! B+ _ 148. Mutiny
0 }5 Y( O5 z& B" [* wDomestic Governmental Action
- D9 F+ G# P+ \+ }% \ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) `. d- w! n# F$ C V1 c) D6 C
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 u1 e" N# q$ [& |
7 E6 s5 t# i+ s. X V- B! fInternational Governmental Action! Y8 A' S( Q6 `1 P6 c3 {" a2 k8 O( X
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( V/ n$ I. e5 L& A5 a5 O
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# r% }* }6 A# S0 b! ?& Y3 g- m
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 I% [$ E+ }' j( w7 p
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 y. q7 @5 s$ B8 Y, ~ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 W3 ]* X$ a1 H3 r
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, l; ?3 E% ~: q8 K% q7 z U
157. Expulsion from international organizations/ Z* i' d; b/ z1 ?% k
% ~; p) V+ X& N$ j/ v
! n& ^$ W- \4 {' }
5 I1 }9 B, _: k OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 j9 ?& a% B; z: i1 Q
, S2 F6 a- j4 l! Y
?) s3 t6 \. s5 X6 G' W& s1 I
Psychological Intervention! }% y! L8 _: x) Q; C
158. Self-exposure to the elements
: u( M# B7 s9 J: U7 ^2 I 159. The fast' a7 ?, |4 v' m8 }
a) Fast of moral pressure: \ h: ?! A/ o
b) Hunger strike
$ u5 d) O0 K8 ^8 E% Y ^- O% F c) Satyagrahic fast! s" o& v! @4 h
160. Reverse trial; n5 k( j3 h& D% A2 }$ |
161. Nonviolent harassment
2 X- N5 l ~1 F6 ]0 c8 V8 j$ `0 f( H, l, V4 t1 m
Physical Intervention9 z7 M, C; J* j. a
162. Sit-in k6 n/ K/ X$ J {
163. Stand-in. S, n& z! @( I H2 z) `. V& U
164. Ride-in
7 E" l9 ~- I; j' a. o 165. Wade-in1 B8 N7 `' {+ p7 B
166. Mill-in: {4 t/ e9 ?9 B7 [. \: L. s
167. Pray-in. i: E9 u3 U- b: g) K' P& l
168. Nonviolent raids& \6 v8 c L. S6 T v7 X
169. Nonviolent air raids! g5 f# _% u/ j; P: f ? h& U
170. Nonviolent invasion
8 u& ^0 D- u: ^ 171. Nonviolent interjection
! Y J& t) O: z( g9 ^ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
+ H$ @8 B- W. b 173. Nonviolent occupation; N4 o3 K# o* |3 C3 I
; |: l$ \0 x1 g+ _6 P: Y: \' Z, y
Social Intervention5 |6 b7 G0 R b! z4 y
174. Establishing new social patterns
1 L- ?: H+ w4 w 175. Overloading of facilities3 k5 B y# T8 a- O
176. Stall-in b* w. l4 Z( j k: W
177. Speak-in }# `5 D: H* Y$ i. k, x
178. Guerrilla theater
$ ~$ N( I( U* P 179. Alternative social institutions
& E- `. n; t9 N8 S7 D 180. Alternative communication system
5 L, j7 E* K8 G$ v6 j, D" K* }! l- w6 I
Economic Intervention. S# s! P8 K& a7 V" ?; z4 E
181. Reverse strike: @& { F/ t8 l9 z# u1 @9 I
182. Stay-in strike
1 m2 G+ Y& G A5 q" O 183. Nonviolent land seizure
) e- Y9 e, c- V6 W( c, j 184. Defiance of blockades
( ]! C. r( ~% h1 i6 I: i 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
0 W* x4 i: l- j1 \; N1 R: n2 H$ } 186. Preclusive purchasing9 |7 W. t6 O3 M& E% E( E
187. Seizure of assets! [9 g+ |! ], Y2 e) @: v+ `
188. Dumping) W* |# w& W! T& }- C1 k2 X: o: f* C
189. Selective patronage
1 V3 \# Q# ?; l0 Z" O 190. Alternative markets
, u% D. V) Y k- n, {/ b% w. v' m 191. Alternative transportation systems9 T. H+ X0 |. `
192. Alternative economic institutions. k+ T! f( `' x% C- I4 \, c
- V1 |2 q9 G' L% KPolitical Intervention2 ^# U% S4 |: a2 F
193. Overloading of administrative systems
' ^0 r$ t- H( c8 q: w' [' E 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- T5 g1 v( T0 C1 m3 t8 [& f
195. Seeking imprisonment9 }+ ~7 D/ X8 S7 E$ ?; l! k
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ {+ o5 q6 d( O. o; s4 s# v
197. Work-on without collaboration( u5 Y J$ h1 Y( @% p
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
( c9 f @# ?! u- q" E* l1 |$ q2 _) C4 r/ y6 x
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
