 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
0 j7 D0 ~2 F8 X$ K- \1 D; a7 |Formal Statements
# ^5 H9 j7 C/ w1 V [" i: ~ 1. Public Speeches
9 @1 Y5 y. [# J0 o. h b 2. Letters of opposition or support
- ?4 R$ G( d* r( W1 ^% a 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
9 T# @1 S' [% E- {' ~8 Y 4. Signed public statements
3 a" g) k7 t* M' C' g/ W6 ~9 k, U 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 x8 B( ]1 W! ~ 6. Group or mass petitions
% |+ m& V/ _9 j
5 a5 |, [; e J' V1 r- `Communications with a Wider Audience
; K5 I0 T3 K. R 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 g+ B; |+ p' d# R
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 k$ [3 g% J& \# H% K3 O( F- `
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
& {! |; h: E; R: h* U; b 10. Newspapers and journals
+ u' v4 t- S' {% s* b 11. Records, radio, and television; I# H6 S+ C2 g- {1 v1 x' s% N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ Q) n' E$ `0 [7 L; p a M& s( A. N! ?
Group Representations* u4 G, z {1 Q: P2 v0 Q% L3 _ U
13. Deputations( Z: g; D4 Q0 O! Y3 x1 l8 p- X; X
14. Mock awards
! V/ p% g/ i U/ x' Y8 \ 15. Group lobbying; y) M) w( U" ?- |
16. Picketing" h$ ]% S# Q( W0 n9 M: B! D3 ]
17. Mock elections( @7 c: U+ L O; g, }
; ~8 @" l" W' B3 c4 wSymbolic Public Acts7 q7 ]# w$ D9 q+ \ A6 B. V2 w$ w
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ L9 g7 j3 i" i$ Z8 P
19. Wearing of symbols
$ M \; F( n, L. ~8 r2 t# i 20. Prayer and worship2 w4 o4 n9 H. W; `/ x' S4 M
21. Delivering symbolic objects' D$ c6 Z5 H# ]% ^
22. Protest disrobings
) i% f! e1 X' N& r# I( | o 23. Destruction of own property
" f& {( r4 d/ i% t6 l 24. Symbolic lights# W6 H% T2 O0 z! A; z
25. Displays of portraits8 ?! |& L! j! T' O7 }7 {# ?0 w
26. Paint as protest# J& @" C9 i# b$ r, x
27. New signs and names- N4 L/ n2 v, K% P, o
28. Symbolic sounds% n) p8 a* |) x5 P( y
29. Symbolic reclamations; L3 @$ {0 \* s2 g% _* W
30. Rude gestures
1 c0 F) x& h d ~* A' D% T
1 m, X7 B2 \" [0 n! a V$ mPressures on Individuals
- L1 L3 B7 Y5 Q. _9 h 31. “Haunting” officials" C& i6 u; N6 ^% g; k: g- z
32. Taunting officials
/ w2 ^5 I2 P5 [, [% l7 ` }0 x 33. Fraternization
1 q2 z8 x! G2 L: m* X 34. Vigils
. x5 v2 f* T) |3 W" _& |
( V ]" r2 N2 M6 m3 ~6 CDrama and Music
- @) l0 m4 ~* ^ 35. Humorous skits and pranks& X7 @! f4 H# `7 @* U; O
36. Performances of plays and music! f, p. q0 u' Y& R9 b; G3 l7 h7 R3 H
37. Singing$ T( [4 X3 K* n( [6 y% V
1 r$ s Q3 O) \- T/ GProcessions/ c% m6 q- k$ T0 k
38. Marches
1 D5 O) ~" C, H; Z6 {+ h& E7 K 39. Parades0 c* [7 R% u0 M
40. Religious processions7 j- M; k. S' ^, x9 W& W
41. Pilgrimages
- {, r( @0 k! x9 ~6 {4 F0 n 42. Motorcades6 b+ o. ~' d E
. D' _+ B" _6 h# ]5 [ H& I" k9 `4 o5 gHonoring the Dead
5 Y5 |5 @6 p# _ 43. Political mourning( G! E$ P- k1 k' H8 ]6 O
44. Mock funerals' l" J5 e w* f: F% E. ]: v% Y
45. Demonstrative funerals. b! F( s7 v3 v. |/ B
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
' y" v( x- l; J8 m/ N+ K3 r 47. Assemblies of protest or support6 g2 h& @: r8 k: ?5 w/ j8 h
48. Protest meetings( Z" |9 N/ s# Y1 M
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# c) d3 f4 z0 I# ?+ z3 H: Z
50. Teach-ins
/ l1 J1 x$ W1 f4 B; J- a
; [9 I7 Z8 d, I: u0 M0 e# p* VWithdrawal and Renunciation
, o2 S9 D) s$ Z+ u y 51. Walk-outs' Z' h. }3 R7 F' l% _4 g9 V- i
52. Silence* w8 X4 |" w" _5 W
53. Renouncing honors
4 u8 m/ u0 M$ l9 [7 X) p 54. Turning one’s back0 m. `) [8 L2 \/ s$ J
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8 b- u3 D s* ~ e8 C3 Z( Y: \) L- ]& R' r) Y
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 k- k6 O: d, G/ x9 i6 }# ?. f+ _
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" W. H7 S6 O7 gOstracism of Persons6 Y& e& O3 L4 O1 c" G( N
55. Social boycott
4 K3 |0 e! t7 W: M& Z5 J7 M 56. Selective social boycott+ U$ b! j/ X) @8 A& E
57. Lysistratic nonaction8 V5 U$ b F/ G, P
58. Excommunication
2 g$ z( h8 i ?. T+ e W 59. Interdict
2 C' a9 m' J6 f6 J b6 d* w) N& a3 L9 r/ Y) K1 f b
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- v1 J( b9 t& }+ d* t1 L- s* ? 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. S- J7 Z6 N* v# v U 61. Boycott of social affairs t+ s2 s. p2 ?9 x
62. Student strike
6 p W: T3 F. l7 r& K 63. Social disobedience6 |; i' e$ f) g9 P* n, K
64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 ~1 h" J0 z' X, f5 D
/ |8 \% W% s3 }- r' `
Withdrawal from the Social System2 b8 V6 i" ~5 L5 G# t
65. Stay-at-home, x2 h7 M8 p: b8 \
66. Total personal noncooperation
8 g. X7 z% A" w" H 67. “Flight” of workers
6 w O4 g/ R9 ^8 X5 W 68. Sanctuary
2 N( r. v4 U( R! y) L 69. Collective disappearance! q' E% Q& r$ a4 g
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
Y) r" @' Z' e2 h2 O6 b7 u3 K5 F0 q9 w! z! t! ` h) z* Q
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
3 x6 h7 b3 N6 |7 {7 `: ^% [
7 h/ W% U; g+ l+ E
7 M1 a! T" ^" r. h) A1 @Actions by Consumers
0 Q# Y/ h4 w' C) p' n4 h 71. Consumers’ boycott
" o i5 N4 a# C4 p7 c 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
" A- J9 ~4 c5 p% _7 W6 N 73. Policy of austerity+ v6 |: {$ W, H2 S( V
74. Rent withholding
+ N. o+ @( s" e! u 75. Refusal to rent1 U. n: ~" q4 ]- P4 }9 h& K- w2 Z& X
76. National consumers’ boycott2 j5 C% R6 }" V* f
77. International consumers’ boycott
1 G! H$ g7 ] {; |% s; V8 b( V6 ]2 N- C4 @ g* y" f
Action by Workers and Producers7 J% {/ q( Z( h9 p
78. Workmen’s boycott; L0 Z/ ^% u) C+ M
79. Producers’ boycott
/ V' G _5 Q2 o' h- T6 r5 m. }$ P( l9 ~ h' X. \; o, A
Action by Middlemen
' k8 b5 L. C [' r( u" n 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ R0 z, H9 x; u9 X4 D: o
3 o( W8 s) s2 A D8 ?8 l6 oAction by Owners and Management
0 _: r! v" _2 C. N/ R% |6 Q 81. Traders’ boycott
$ q) r3 f; t! w7 ~1 l* R 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ M& r3 i6 `1 p# U% Y 83. Lockout3 P8 `1 z8 N2 c. C2 u
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( b! q0 k( Z4 O 85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 k4 @5 ?7 ?2 m$ d* ^3 s0 a' A/ S
& T3 c7 T6 J) O: F
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. j+ w. C+ g x+ d2 c8 X/ b1 C 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 h5 Q8 t! J$ k4 K0 x& b
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ `2 g/ v$ ?) |6 `" M# b4 t. S+ o
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& x- }( n# r9 R0 z$ ?6 K, o8 s
89. Severance of funds and credit
7 v# l5 J+ z0 ~/ ~/ h* G 90. Revenue refusal
}3 m: {+ z; R 91. Refusal of a government’s money1 S+ ~, e* f( N! \2 R
/ r; J; @3 [$ z# OAction by Governments6 S# x- E8 a8 Z" ]7 F$ a
92. Domestic embargo
1 I+ I* H: l8 [9 t7 r6 a 93. Blacklisting of traders
: d$ D5 b" Z+ d7 A 94. International sellers’ embargo; W/ j5 a2 m2 {- r* T2 O
95. International buyers’ embargo3 d0 Q& I6 g: c6 w7 O
96. International trade embargo4 R& y& L. |7 a
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. B; s% u, h( i+ j8 \THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" \& p2 V. ]3 k( ^) m1 \2 ~8 o
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Symbolic Strikes7 D; _& |$ N7 ?$ J5 \+ z8 d! ]
97. Protest strike
" |6 H3 Z+ C8 W/ a; w$ ^ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ T6 a5 ?( Z0 H) Y/ d
# g# p* [# l3 k: I: NAgricultural Strikes
" v. E& f6 r* @: P4 d 99. Peasant strike" Y( g+ w m% E$ B
100. Farm Workers’ strike
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* H4 r/ i4 J) j4 Y0 }, DStrikes by Special Groups# n# @/ I: [2 M% j4 t) O" A' }
101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 ?, a" \ |& q! u6 n 102. Prisoners’ strike/ x7 q' C& r1 i/ a( k2 v9 _* S8 y4 r6 ~
103. Craft strike6 L& y$ }) ~9 l' c) `5 ~
104. Professional strike
4 J- V* T8 X3 j$ A9 F3 L* T
7 C% \5 u6 ?7 aOrdinary Industrial Strikes" k0 q4 i$ s3 `0 u' H3 g: h( ~
105. Establishment strike6 a& c* Y% m& T) |$ {
106. Industry strike
, \( m' i3 W T3 N# ` 107. Sympathetic strike% O! B& |1 D6 s- }
, ^5 T( F3 o7 K/ z6 R' p1 |Restricted Strikes% c5 ]$ |- h# h1 P) U1 @% J1 M
108. Detailed strike
/ X# J9 d& {# k 109. Bumper strike' O: B4 {# ?* `5 s# i
110. Slowdown strike
( Q) X; T+ _: k+ A& n 111. Working-to-rule strike$ I. a' O; a a- _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& z5 o7 U2 b, C: Q
113. Strike by resignation
! P! h+ v. p, k; J1 ` 114. Limited strike4 h3 b7 S: o1 M
115. Selective strike3 E$ f- d5 [" | Y/ F. E4 K
! D- ^* W. O0 E+ {+ h; z+ R
Multi-Industry Strikes
+ O3 |# L9 @( \" N0 F
. h) |$ D. |0 T" l: A* A) @ 116. Generalized strike
8 t9 _1 {# {, T5 {# H, Q3 h
) `3 c) q* z) E- F9 q/ ~; t% A4 _% L9 a 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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9 U* S3 X* n( b& h+ Y3 ? 119. Economic shutdown1 M. [: C2 Z: M g9 ? ~& I! T
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* O' Q7 z0 {' S' O& x) e2 wTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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* \' `" Y3 A' PRejection of Authority1 k r; y7 b$ U, r' z+ w0 x
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; [& ~+ q/ B2 T9 Z; m* P
121. Refusal of public support2 F5 r4 P7 i; s/ @+ K
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
& ?4 z, h! v* M& \5 |2 f' b; x9 j3 Y1 h: K P+ K
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ S/ m# l H4 ]0 `
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
. C1 F, `1 V1 U7 ?. q# k* v 124. Boycott of elections
. W/ G, N- L' p. ]0 e# E5 Z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 p- B; V* Q4 }% q& O
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, Y% u- W8 g6 c3 Q6 i 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- s9 ?4 y- J. X, {) D% ~* [
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 M: z& V; y0 s, @( b; T3 @ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% p* Y1 a$ e w% @3 J. p. o 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: g; I$ Y2 o- J& ^- R% D8 f3 q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% f+ _8 x0 n/ P7 X$ {2 Y 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 p7 G5 Y: ? [% {+ O# o! z& z4 S( I) N) B) Q
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience f$ c- `! o6 b2 v) F# |
133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 L4 u' ?; X; u3 h, y0 Q1 ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 o4 Z; g9 x& T, s: }
135. Popular nonobedience8 D. D, r% n; q4 L# D
136. Disguised disobedience5 O$ s) u* W) _! v. `; u8 H5 o
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ ?4 v+ O0 N+ [4 ~6 y/ h
138. Sitdown! ~" Q# E N+ h$ W9 @" J- ~9 w. H
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 k/ p" e# n# `' w/ q; W 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) \& m" z3 m; n; ^
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 O- h1 }* C/ `! p" J1 C& Y
$ B8 A( M3 n. o5 K; U3 F/ p
Action by Government Personnel
3 H( O! C/ W8 ]3 s- S. {, u 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ M) \: o% w+ E- X* X! {6 H7 S
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# m$ ?& E8 v* w8 ` 144. Stalling and obstruction) q% u: q# x3 w! }. Z3 H q
145. General administrative noncooperation
- H) e% j$ _* y4 `
. s3 T" ]: y1 L' m! | 146. Judicial noncooperation: Z! ^0 r, f7 g$ J* T+ M8 k/ K
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 u# j$ c& f5 |) b 148. Mutiny) H& I4 L; |# U8 p* [
Domestic Governmental Action
2 |% h8 w- Y n4 J 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays: j. i! J) E2 H( w Y+ ^
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 I. N" `9 W5 a/ U) n
/ |: s% E8 C; F2 J9 V
International Governmental Action0 \$ O, |" i1 ~( e
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations l- V0 B( z! ^# |7 c
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 T' d! d, Z! S, _ } 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ y' X* N: q9 Y' Q4 W" t3 l
154. Severance of diplomatic relations0 T; c5 P F6 ~. {
155. Withdrawal from international organizations, l1 @' |+ X5 g/ e) @
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 _! F0 D8 }6 T; r4 i+ }. m. w: e
157. Expulsion from international organizations) q" q. |9 K: | S8 @" b4 |% `3 G0 m
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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" F- ^. i" y. q0 a/ E( {* EPsychological Intervention- g7 S4 ?2 w$ G8 f1 ?
158. Self-exposure to the elements, V2 B4 R) o) l: p3 {% t, D4 ^+ Q9 d
159. The fast# u. K g. z& S5 f' h. Y9 ^# }0 y
a) Fast of moral pressure" a+ o4 z" u! |. ?& _$ L% }
b) Hunger strike
6 G& a; T% u3 S A5 { c) Satyagrahic fast# T) t8 [% b3 i \8 N
160. Reverse trial7 W( J+ M7 Z/ V. L% R
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention2 k+ V% {$ \% X6 k, f+ X/ U
162. Sit-in
: [2 s( e6 Y4 w$ ~5 C' M' P: G 163. Stand-in
* f# e& Y9 \, ~. z1 t6 Q w 164. Ride-in1 u6 e0 a3 V( H% o0 h2 L! \
165. Wade-in5 [. u) w6 G: `9 G* K
166. Mill-in
6 V" H( k& Q: g* x- e" @6 w' x1 F 167. Pray-in
5 t: ]) F; s2 K. |, I 168. Nonviolent raids
" o0 R% K/ \) z' b 169. Nonviolent air raids
2 m9 }/ U e+ W: ~ 170. Nonviolent invasion, G! m! B* u% N" d( H, {
171. Nonviolent interjection k* G% C, m2 {9 s2 I8 O% a
172. Nonviolent obstruction
* W5 \! | S5 s6 v: [ b 173. Nonviolent occupation" q7 i( N2 @8 {/ A1 C- I. _( l
* b, d( }* L- K3 Y- RSocial Intervention: I M( o& X4 ]8 A7 Y: e( \$ |
174. Establishing new social patterns! p$ [* f; s) N9 l
175. Overloading of facilities# p" G) ~! s9 X
176. Stall-in
, X, h @6 G2 w7 Y' ~6 U, ] 177. Speak-in
' C _ R: R3 U 178. Guerrilla theater: K; K/ ^/ N7 e* d
179. Alternative social institutions
" i4 [3 W& x3 F8 @: Z$ e" x' R 180. Alternative communication system
+ ^9 K/ V, n' F* b) J" D& n0 Y5 @( g+ B D0 i) R
Economic Intervention
% D! R1 a9 {# X+ d( p 181. Reverse strike
( f9 m/ F" S. Z2 [! H 182. Stay-in strike) } ]6 _1 X; t, H* u
183. Nonviolent land seizure$ P. s0 a, ~4 w# w
184. Defiance of blockades7 _0 |3 C+ V3 m5 j' R& a
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 M( w7 J- H" f3 w' S: _) A, |* D 186. Preclusive purchasing
4 t) H1 y" M+ r7 a8 T* ] 187. Seizure of assets1 I: H4 p) m& {0 v
188. Dumping
7 N- W2 ^+ w# x" j' I- G 189. Selective patronage
; l9 ]8 p$ N% d4 ]1 I, e 190. Alternative markets0 J7 X7 Z! C& q7 q5 h* w
191. Alternative transportation systems* ]0 j ^ O1 t1 G+ h. u r/ }
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention0 o( M6 C( B* F9 b" v. j0 j4 @9 J
193. Overloading of administrative systems
2 j& w8 O& ^6 I5 ]. q( a 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. E0 r7 R+ T: t; i
195. Seeking imprisonment% g7 ]* T% _! ~9 N* s8 D d# F
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# w% _# p8 ~- n) G
197. Work-on without collaboration/ c6 ?! }0 G( A% S3 G
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government- N! h" t5 R% }" A' d; O
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
