 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ a$ A2 H A; s! F0 E+ t
Formal Statements
7 |6 [' m; M& N 1. Public Speeches0 r% `) `6 a- P1 T2 P
2. Letters of opposition or support
1 d+ B/ [' P- T) R) {6 [" r 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions P& n$ I& [ |/ r% r% C4 X' L
4. Signed public statements
9 m9 n; I# _: `9 m" e 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: t- g$ e+ d6 q5 J& U. K! g* b* g 6. Group or mass petitions
( u3 a* i7 y9 x' r- Z8 ]5 L/ \" z2 e5 x
Communications with a Wider Audience
+ m- e' h0 \/ W1 B% }, u 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 j% |3 R, B! C1 S9 {2 f: r4 U
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. X! g- n( v K. A6 B; `4 ` 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
+ x: B, ~7 C h/ d# ]) A 10. Newspapers and journals4 a2 `, c) S# f [7 {
11. Records, radio, and television
1 m6 Y0 z' Q% Y 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( G+ I6 g; Z. `! }) M; j1 K; u7 N" V5 H& e; V
Group Representations
[" m2 N( \0 d& w B, h 13. Deputations
9 d6 G8 \0 F4 j* ?3 f' {" Z 14. Mock awards h, d( z; t5 q# B5 C5 B
15. Group lobbying
1 Q4 v/ l* E+ }7 D: K 16. Picketing4 d, p" j E0 H; d& E! W0 L& Z
17. Mock elections$ Z# M3 n' T! ]2 E
' }; D3 h h: x2 b# L PSymbolic Public Acts
7 a& m# p! m2 w$ A# P o4 | 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% h1 O* e, H* R* G2 d$ Y" x- S8 N
19. Wearing of symbols8 x2 c2 E* ]1 J, i9 t% m1 |( `
20. Prayer and worship% @3 p9 E0 Y. E' k: i
21. Delivering symbolic objects. Q+ X0 A% v/ ]* n1 G+ X2 t6 A
22. Protest disrobings
, `( d. e2 }8 _% D 23. Destruction of own property3 E& e! r' t# [7 h. D
24. Symbolic lights
3 o( ]* S0 x* o# B9 M+ }3 x 25. Displays of portraits
3 z3 ?- K2 R9 ~7 p$ K 26. Paint as protest( f) n# e. |/ g& j& b: q
27. New signs and names
" j O# L% i" C* f! ~& z5 x 28. Symbolic sounds+ `7 ~# I+ D! ^0 u( j
29. Symbolic reclamations
* f8 V0 V( M' o! b 30. Rude gestures
5 X. C+ @, H8 W) i
" J$ s/ {5 @: |: w1 j& R- J# \Pressures on Individuals
! `2 o, i7 K8 |& L- b% M 31. “Haunting” officials
' H k! e- \4 R7 H 32. Taunting officials
; E/ K2 E' u) Q6 K6 v/ [- u/ T 33. Fraternization$ K* B: D5 L& _; A/ D
34. Vigils
% ~" ?$ ~( {7 Z( R( J
. V) p- `. h, H- S e7 Y. _: W+ [" ODrama and Music
/ ~: O# {/ v+ a, b7 ^ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
6 m7 Q7 C) q( H- }7 V) l% w 36. Performances of plays and music% U% O7 ?! R- Z- q U& `/ l
37. Singing
- f k" e$ a- t1 C3 g( [5 E
& }- ~; d, n3 c3 g. ~6 \: KProcessions
' T: x# V' N1 f# a 38. Marches6 S8 a3 t/ _, e3 f0 B# p
39. Parades' A/ V8 V) `$ C x5 [
40. Religious processions! N* n5 L2 o4 l0 @! u7 X5 M
41. Pilgrimages
7 ~ Q; p$ {2 [% Z& c5 G$ A7 b 42. Motorcades
0 k% g! E2 j+ u, w( y
" A9 b/ e2 J3 ~, s+ uHonoring the Dead
E* @ c, ~! M. T 43. Political mourning) |/ l4 f" D* l; @* C n% z! g# z1 p
44. Mock funerals
1 O( Y( C; o. j, o- d! M5 o- Y( c) v 45. Demonstrative funerals# h# O) v: \1 O# F0 k' Z
46. Homage at burial places5 N6 A4 q- K( U( H7 ~
! X6 R2 Q q! P2 q8 T- v2 APublic Assemblies
8 M. N3 I2 R% n, U7 {8 R' ~ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
; A. { ^$ }4 q+ r# @ 48. Protest meetings
9 G+ |! T6 E1 D; t 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" e" L; U% a3 K7 ]1 d/ M0 |
50. Teach-ins
8 Q, n [% V6 i) }) I) |* h z; Y8 Q2 D H4 T
Withdrawal and Renunciation5 e+ S# Q' R# e3 `
51. Walk-outs
8 O" n F0 { _! r9 [6 n% \% `. ~3 @ 52. Silence. f6 V0 Z/ N/ s( H- }
53. Renouncing honors- O) f& @9 W' a9 F- o. r
54. Turning one’s back/ A+ Z/ X" c: d0 V
$ f$ A6 [: B9 ~; v. w
6 {/ U* F# z: [: T! M% d7 M
: H1 p5 j9 c) \- ITHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
! K1 p$ k: ^- _* e" c! \7 ?5 [
+ Y9 U: a7 p1 i4 l5 [" a }
) X/ g$ E0 L! ?8 O C% F7 I& q% P; b' @
Ostracism of Persons
! r, d+ k& M0 R# x 55. Social boycott
0 H8 D# s) W# i' U* W 56. Selective social boycott
0 X$ m# b! t8 Z5 l 57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ C7 [ o! ?. c$ K( [! i 58. Excommunication& }. T3 i1 V4 [: ~& w3 u/ Q5 d
59. Interdict
4 y8 {, a9 ^9 Q; u3 u
& e2 g* O. Y8 qNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; \ p |# h! _
60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 G0 V4 X+ _" l. _6 q' M5 h
61. Boycott of social affairs! N1 S( X* ^4 n, X, x2 A8 {
62. Student strike3 p; ], {3 K m1 ]2 ~
63. Social disobedience2 E- Q! h4 x5 {' ?( @
64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ }2 p$ F; P2 s3 X: w+ |
9 o' |9 H. K+ n& sWithdrawal from the Social System& L4 O; N; F* I% U" C! [
65. Stay-at-home
# L0 D3 d( }9 R) T 66. Total personal noncooperation
7 C' |9 U5 y& s! g! u( B- z 67. “Flight” of workers
, c& ^! ^9 N3 \7 k a' R" x* K! b 68. Sanctuary
7 C: z1 F$ j1 L% m4 z 69. Collective disappearance( ^) f. Z/ b% x, i' L! R/ f. b6 h3 r
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)1 O6 `. t; I/ {. l) D+ n' v2 {
y8 O+ q% q4 T1 k7 m* o5 {
+ r Y5 O! _1 k" }
; P5 Q1 J) n- F0 a' m
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 y! t' K7 L" E6 o
( q& B2 M. k/ N3 z+ E
# }) u$ W; t2 M# s X! a
Actions by Consumers
/ f8 X# a: l+ M, v# |' O( E9 n 71. Consumers’ boycott: }8 Y/ F. Q! I
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! B/ B# R, W& K; Y ]2 K- w, @, Z 73. Policy of austerity9 ?! d/ H8 {3 h$ `/ o! f
74. Rent withholding
+ f5 @" l5 \! b5 D v) I% D! j% ` 75. Refusal to rent
% `3 p' E! p# D; E; f6 \ 76. National consumers’ boycott
' M* O; ^, A" o# A 77. International consumers’ boycott, p2 Q T D2 B% K0 ~
) h% Y! _- L Q* a* n$ a6 K, HAction by Workers and Producers5 j8 ]. N4 R- W, Z8 T C
78. Workmen’s boycott
# O' Y' Z' B( d7 w 79. Producers’ boycott
! G8 ]! L- {% Q' L9 m# V: Q9 m
: }6 ]/ ]% Y2 K; u4 F8 OAction by Middlemen( x' u, o3 l0 d1 L" @
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 f: M3 `/ ^- u, r; u2 x- v' ]: w3 q5 \6 r2 v# ^
Action by Owners and Management
, N: r2 G3 a% y7 M9 h5 ]1 F 81. Traders’ boycott
, S5 }& y/ M5 l' L9 { b f, ^ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
$ \ G8 V" Z& s4 L 83. Lockout% x! D$ M% N. O( C
84. Refusal of industrial assistance: @3 i0 i+ |# h+ t4 ]; [. r$ K/ \
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
8 o% K! ?! e1 p, S6 f! d) `) r
5 f& K: r; Y- a6 ~, wAction by Holders of Financial Resources
" L/ g- P _. F2 {+ L8 t+ Q5 j) {6 }. u 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 O! m& w9 i8 x2 h+ |5 G
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! ]' _' X. K$ l* I0 N
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 K f+ z( o/ K9 x 89. Severance of funds and credit
( K; x- a% r: \* |0 n 90. Revenue refusal7 @! ?, q4 x) g
91. Refusal of a government’s money) ]: \+ z. E3 s, B( \ U
5 ^0 |: k4 l% d# k+ h5 @
Action by Governments
4 i ]$ C8 h- o6 P 92. Domestic embargo
8 O8 j$ G: p6 z1 j 93. Blacklisting of traders9 d0 A1 t( Z" W: L; t& J
94. International sellers’ embargo
5 @3 J7 I+ L( r. \2 k C9 j 95. International buyers’ embargo
/ `) G o' i* t$ D9 a ]) Q# [ 96. International trade embargo
; B7 `* P7 [( d2 P1 j8 V- D4 u% B H; P8 m
: k& Q! D( k2 a9 `
! e% j& a* O LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
( s' w/ K- r" c" {% C9 Z- m
! C( f1 A, @3 S. |% P1 V+ d0 s
9 s7 z( J9 H# q; ]Symbolic Strikes
% t b: H* C: S+ ?6 U 97. Protest strike3 h M1 V5 }5 d; V& z1 r, u
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)+ H+ d5 J$ n6 i! j% ^
' k" s# b; R, r. u6 E
Agricultural Strikes% o3 L6 Y B: F
99. Peasant strike R( W* b- r5 A3 g
100. Farm Workers’ strike8 l, c% l( j% W& A0 h
( R" ~+ w4 O, w5 D" A; X oStrikes by Special Groups- `/ C P0 w, R3 s
101. Refusal of impressed labor- ^' Q& U# F" e5 b( h; M% m
102. Prisoners’ strike
6 F8 {' X; S5 }& y2 Z6 O 103. Craft strike
$ ]- m+ y6 U+ u 104. Professional strike) k0 C9 C; z! O+ w( j# L; z
3 N6 N# P9 y* w# U' m+ x+ pOrdinary Industrial Strikes
# S$ V. A8 A+ q9 E7 U+ O3 ] 105. Establishment strike* Z8 t" j- g3 a5 P- O7 ~
106. Industry strike$ K) q' c$ \" a6 D8 y
107. Sympathetic strike% {& s u9 t- {$ o5 B, J
" Y5 X( q, Z2 a+ x' s9 h Y7 M* cRestricted Strikes
& |8 `: w/ M j 108. Detailed strike# X o1 d6 T- f6 U& o# R( P. t
109. Bumper strike
) K, s2 i6 v& l# n1 k0 G 110. Slowdown strike4 Q, m$ i6 W. n7 e: A: p
111. Working-to-rule strike, Q: k% G1 K0 {7 B
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' S9 M( J( t, x
113. Strike by resignation% F3 X3 w8 Y; b; `+ ` F$ o
114. Limited strike
4 \) @6 [6 {3 b2 @8 F 115. Selective strike
) U! ~' O9 ?" Y6 r9 A2 m2 l- c2 l5 `$ t4 h! `9 B0 J3 U
Multi-Industry Strikes
1 }) ^( W5 H" ~! ^7 P/ `1 U: N# @6 V0 P J: s6 R* j( v' t: J
116. Generalized strike
* w2 n+ _# x) V/ x4 L" b" r# \9 N: s0 T) l4 r! o! A0 L! s
117. General strike
- B( Q8 P9 @7 {: J4 \8 h' C7 ~+ @6 n+ L; k
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 ?/ n# k0 j, v0 T8 t( P
! Z8 o: \8 r3 F9 p6 g4 `$ W
118. Hartal( ?# X! p- d0 c( t( Y
: [6 w! t9 h) y
119. Economic shutdown
+ n$ A- U5 y$ {! Q
T' o6 d/ b4 t1 `6 h f ' U9 f$ G( n2 }: b# h J# q
' Y6 w% X9 l+ |6 W* G# L! d. l
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( a* f& n$ k" J$ i C. N1 z
8 G; a2 v4 m! C7 B6 k+ T
! k; y) R; q7 m& `7 W3 K2 `
Rejection of Authority
7 s( B0 t* P$ @/ E2 u 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& ^; L/ y$ \7 w; l0 E
121. Refusal of public support
( d! l7 \! S1 i5 A& R; m2 c6 J 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 L, G0 C7 f# E3 r/ V+ s+ c
8 b& R% {$ ]- M. j; R6 T1 ]Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 F/ Y+ I c7 j( G& ^
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 F! R. Y1 s6 B1 D; q5 a 124. Boycott of elections
. D) x$ h: i: z/ I- m& h' _ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 G" K, j9 W, D( i9 k 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ Q6 w, h5 m, t B3 F' E
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions9 s0 _2 K6 m$ s( d
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; O. m2 o$ K% k" F8 o O& M4 L 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
8 F6 V2 }8 c! m' [8 Z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks0 Z. Y5 r4 e. ?; Z# b" l" w; B: ~
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; H1 h4 Y, d6 E7 G0 {+ F7 P+ t
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- S6 l, Q( ^1 u3 E) m+ @$ C
& R7 q, N4 F- \& V: C& G% G. qCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( j% L5 ?- j; Q; }2 r 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; Z. M6 }. [0 f3 V& J! Z% p 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" ?: s; K% O: ?. M4 R
135. Popular nonobedience
. C/ {8 S- ?8 {( Q0 R: @/ Q- q 136. Disguised disobedience1 N2 c" t R. O! x! b* X( r! u, l& o
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse) y7 {7 C5 z I. S& C* X5 L8 V2 r
138. Sitdown
% J Y( N d, @3 C! f) j$ g 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 v5 m$ K* E7 Z" Q! V; G
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 c3 i( |; P! L4 d 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws2 F: J& o& V9 g6 `
% g9 F. D* c# i. eAction by Government Personnel+ a* V6 s' }) b3 e
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
% N! L0 q" B4 g( b 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" l% {& r" z$ _3 Z+ v' k, K8 s 144. Stalling and obstruction* l* E$ O8 `- i o6 F/ \
145. General administrative noncooperation& O7 P/ s5 q! _
( b: P5 y- f* K0 k, R3 k; V 146. Judicial noncooperation
8 a7 w1 x' S( b! A" S; A 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, C$ @& E! K- ?- M( N3 b 148. Mutiny0 s( e. O7 |3 H5 Z
Domestic Governmental Action
' {( C. m5 E* p: ~7 ]. i- _ E 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! y# V% p& |; x( j 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 G% h% a# ?! Q
4 N' b; R- M l+ ]International Governmental Action- \" Y1 m0 w1 S: s! @' f+ t$ W
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- F8 c% W/ x7 }! r% f: U% c/ x 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. h8 l B, a' U' Q I' D3 a 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 h9 G$ B8 |( [, w3 L$ g+ G1 A 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
( C- s" q! M; p* q* c, f 155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 G% {" G1 R% u6 x& D' f) q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* A2 c# ?3 }4 a) U 157. Expulsion from international organizations
( y" z4 s- H, ?! R
4 Y" U+ S8 `$ O; F ) j( I* ^+ A. A# J& d" G, u
+ N( z3 } O5 ?5 Z. `( l
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# h0 {" A5 Q; ~' H* O+ L2 |0 Q& s$ F
! [ ?! O0 I4 \% l" ]6 o# z8 \ 4 ?. z ~) L$ R
Psychological Intervention
% j1 X0 h# A7 \6 ^/ r 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# g: J+ V% _# i3 V5 X$ ~ 159. The fast W4 W7 ]4 i0 A4 z9 _+ F2 J4 J
a) Fast of moral pressure9 N3 k0 e. T4 g/ Z) S$ |( }
b) Hunger strike
+ t* \# C7 L# v3 c. o7 S0 N3 j0 ? c) Satyagrahic fast- m' u: N3 n+ Q
160. Reverse trial
, [# [& [! N/ L6 f6 Q/ \$ l) w 161. Nonviolent harassment* A5 n3 z; Z. v" T+ {, c+ m& d, E# o3 X
7 Y4 F7 D7 @: F8 G( ^( nPhysical Intervention
8 L! m0 S$ }5 D9 z 162. Sit-in; J8 w& k/ u0 d/ a
163. Stand-in/ W( `: b5 x) [6 P4 d8 s
164. Ride-in
. J" B7 m# `* ^3 ] 165. Wade-in1 e: j4 I5 S+ v/ k( q- g: I! w
166. Mill-in
* y* |0 o( a( u5 E7 S ]1 S4 P5 K 167. Pray-in
, o" ~0 Q% X$ w 168. Nonviolent raids @5 E+ t E3 |& F
169. Nonviolent air raids
2 v6 }$ K- Q5 w, J4 y( P; j 170. Nonviolent invasion
G) f/ z) L5 F* @4 I 171. Nonviolent interjection
8 I" H F9 x) X4 ?) T8 s 172. Nonviolent obstruction
" p3 R& z6 O% x$ u1 u 173. Nonviolent occupation
5 J/ W1 ]9 ]3 j0 R) _: B# k- y
# C$ s/ j6 x1 o) t c1 [Social Intervention H/ u3 V! [/ N& _+ `+ n
174. Establishing new social patterns% {7 q( y, g) V5 D0 C
175. Overloading of facilities2 K- g4 q( |+ ~, E6 e; Z$ Q
176. Stall-in
, i( G, Y$ s7 B$ e5 `2 V' f 177. Speak-in+ z" P& p0 P& O' I3 s4 a% S! t
178. Guerrilla theater
8 w. S4 k; J8 D( {( X. N 179. Alternative social institutions, |4 e: ~2 f' S
180. Alternative communication system+ B [( h6 j$ K
* Q8 E. V# ?/ r1 m
Economic Intervention
! R, D7 ]. t) S; y 181. Reverse strike
% [/ ` @" d h4 U( Z 182. Stay-in strike+ c. U6 b6 S# O8 H5 ]4 W, }/ T
183. Nonviolent land seizure8 ?) i# o7 m8 b- |2 \! w4 t' b
184. Defiance of blockades
" @: J/ y. @5 D' K* q 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 e( O8 c( U" Z9 U" c 186. Preclusive purchasing
3 e) ~. w* [1 O; D. ]+ K& c9 V s 187. Seizure of assets/ P+ j, Y! [, \. k1 E4 V: k
188. Dumping
. b4 s. q/ D) u s: b1 j 189. Selective patronage( i" E( v* d8 t# P* L/ b
190. Alternative markets3 Q# w0 L% E" j8 o) _4 b- Q6 G
191. Alternative transportation systems$ }1 Q& s0 [" b# n' J1 X! D) M
192. Alternative economic institutions
I2 V; D4 ?+ t9 f' t% G" F8 O+ `* s
Political Intervention
- c, U! }( E3 T: u0 F- q 193. Overloading of administrative systems U. _1 T9 f- Y& u- z
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
/ Q$ ?; V. ]4 I" v+ v8 x1 v 195. Seeking imprisonment* c, _& x& f5 F5 @1 ]; o3 q+ F% Z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& k2 ]) A' f( c; `
197. Work-on without collaboration' }: a) h6 \6 D3 V, r5 U
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, ~: m) r+ M4 P8 r1 J" M
# }( H% V) ?# k! c9 l. J( v |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
