 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: X$ `1 Q. r8 L0 sFormal Statements
3 D7 a$ m% h5 j8 R9 }) U) P 1. Public Speeches
: k j4 Y* r1 i 2. Letters of opposition or support
7 r1 _7 K) S" D, \1 _ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! z& S/ w9 Y7 u3 y 4. Signed public statements, ?& X q. H8 f- i: p
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
; I# ]7 q" p6 S; n( g! } 6. Group or mass petitions M8 P* @& x/ A, i1 I* k0 O
" K& a& s. ^* P$ D J
Communications with a Wider Audience
, D! I% p. f/ x 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols ?( I8 B2 p' @7 f# p+ K
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 m& D7 O* ]; D. i. R- Z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 m# U* m4 B4 G/ U/ ?$ E2 |
10. Newspapers and journals
; n. U; g4 \$ w: A: z# f 11. Records, radio, and television
6 L4 s, Q9 h8 K; [ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! A5 F# o P s3 E+ `( }, r" `( Z. G* |6 ~6 N. z) H
Group Representations0 z6 U) ]9 R3 t- ]! }5 H
13. Deputations+ y; r s* k; `( B% f- o
14. Mock awards( }. k) r& W# ^! h
15. Group lobbying
5 X P7 o5 `) h7 t7 i" L. V! P 16. Picketing
6 i' @' Z8 s" ~/ t* t t& @; m 17. Mock elections" M7 u- E; r6 H) z: Q% D1 d
+ D9 N# X! ~ V0 @# D/ s
Symbolic Public Acts7 u) H0 M% T. l* N
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
1 e1 a4 F, |( F; S9 m1 F 19. Wearing of symbols
+ `8 g& s$ V. F" z$ f( j) F 20. Prayer and worship& p9 m7 C7 ~8 X6 |" r, ?
21. Delivering symbolic objects+ j0 u2 f1 @0 y7 [5 p
22. Protest disrobings( M8 e0 [5 B9 Y" E1 U/ P3 b
23. Destruction of own property( H" S" {! F' [! J, V
24. Symbolic lights* P- N" o. n( @5 b2 b% F8 E+ @
25. Displays of portraits3 @9 V; I6 W+ |" s
26. Paint as protest
9 c: R+ b" Y; _9 t9 \! G9 z3 r 27. New signs and names
4 D& v$ o3 D3 u 28. Symbolic sounds4 R% f( F0 P" m: _6 Q/ C- y4 o
29. Symbolic reclamations! D$ H) y% Q5 c$ L- P
30. Rude gestures6 }2 m9 f1 o n9 w. z. O; f
- w2 k. z1 a1 A" p- x. V
Pressures on Individuals2 }% S8 a5 ^# a. y, ?" v# z
31. “Haunting” officials, |; f# P' n& K7 d3 p
32. Taunting officials) d1 P0 R2 n( I
33. Fraternization
! d7 [' Y: O) K4 R0 g8 F+ n) c1 j 34. Vigils6 Y3 D/ T# v3 J
; Q" V* m: T1 l" J& \+ |$ w' g' J
Drama and Music& X/ [0 Q6 t, I: O9 H
35. Humorous skits and pranks5 m6 S/ ` |4 F# e. _
36. Performances of plays and music5 o2 ^. Q$ n2 g# Y, m; e3 w& w8 [ b
37. Singing5 l w4 ?; L% F, Q: z
4 d! A) } D/ \( [* ^
Processions3 B. s+ R% F5 a+ |& I; x) _7 I/ `. n
38. Marches/ {! D+ V4 j( a9 A4 p" O) r
39. Parades
# t, i1 `/ ]# S" a4 D: ]3 K9 Q; v 40. Religious processions8 d+ n2 p: q$ M) X) l$ p8 k3 X
41. Pilgrimages
0 K+ O4 q# l* |3 n S1 X 42. Motorcades5 [' Q$ P( p0 m" r n: e
8 x$ y2 S; }" [) DHonoring the Dead/ R. h" @5 K3 ^3 C, x3 G2 b
43. Political mourning6 s' b4 Z1 N# T" G
44. Mock funerals
% t0 s$ i4 z! U( J& O 45. Demonstrative funerals0 }: N3 @2 i9 p& y! T: @9 ]) R
46. Homage at burial places
8 }+ q. T! l2 P, q, F
5 N5 X% F. O. K4 N. r9 O8 bPublic Assemblies
% W% O- `2 ~8 v# L! X" B 47. Assemblies of protest or support: x2 a- h8 b; Q( L( s" z$ k; v
48. Protest meetings p+ ^, J; b0 e& _ F& |
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 Q- M5 \) j6 T0 J5 v/ }0 p0 O
50. Teach-ins9 T% }- ^. T8 ^4 `! {
5 D* e& V- d. p7 q9 k( [# Z, r# N
Withdrawal and Renunciation
. X$ L, R; r' ]) T" R3 Y1 F 51. Walk-outs, V3 X3 z$ r8 n4 c% c! o. Z. u
52. Silence _ q' f/ ~- D! n8 N
53. Renouncing honors* z+ }( N0 s. @1 F, f) x: L0 B3 v' b
54. Turning one’s back/ R! ^$ X9 H- B1 {; G
6 m# ], U( |. p% d3 t7 G/ K' N8 \
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3 `, ?( K0 j' z2 i7 S! zTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
' y9 A. ~% X7 b
2 A: j; f; p$ P2 F+ p
E2 k9 k. J) o8 Z' j+ A- r% I1 o. [+ F
Ostracism of Persons5 X8 k6 q% t7 ^! s' m
55. Social boycott; p2 E* d& \' `0 v* M: z8 t* p
56. Selective social boycott
. D, ?% q4 o1 x$ U% H; s 57. Lysistratic nonaction
9 M0 M- e, ^" ^7 @, m+ k 58. Excommunication
" M6 Z' t* I* g C* m x# M7 M- { 59. Interdict- P( b* V3 V( G( X6 b/ Q
. \9 j. c7 A) M0 Z$ |7 k5 `
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- q u3 c8 ~5 r 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 t; ~4 u$ s4 [/ `& U3 k) F0 } 61. Boycott of social affairs
- S' Z* m$ M2 q0 S" v6 m 62. Student strike
, x$ w! w7 [. @3 |6 l 63. Social disobedience, d1 k# m3 ?0 M6 u& q/ f1 A3 z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System8 j; {( q" s2 E/ r; W5 d- q
65. Stay-at-home
: F' O8 |6 K( u% K 66. Total personal noncooperation! X8 G& {# Y1 w7 n7 L4 V q
67. “Flight” of workers6 r8 V" Z( D) h$ Q0 u# m- M
68. Sanctuary6 F& S: T9 E$ {# ? n7 M
69. Collective disappearance% \) e4 f) t. l0 z' h- \
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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) N" p2 D' s" z6 o; PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS* C' V8 K0 y. ?. {5 P! u: U4 [
( B9 ?+ M, }! p: N# E, h; E 7 i& S# E, z! s: r5 i( e, T
Actions by Consumers$ q* t5 [6 j# q1 m `4 {. ~
71. Consumers’ boycott) z' H3 N4 n, O
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 _" b- C; g$ g7 v& L, h% \ 73. Policy of austerity7 o1 s! u+ T) u
74. Rent withholding
9 m [6 [# n I! ] 75. Refusal to rent/ p6 v$ _% `1 Y" a/ R- F
76. National consumers’ boycott% z; }5 L* X- t) j& U/ m: Z
77. International consumers’ boycott
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Action by Workers and Producers1 T5 A* e- e5 ]" z) U
78. Workmen’s boycott
+ C+ @& `, s, i7 M3 f+ a 79. Producers’ boycott9 ?5 d s" q' C' E
/ o! p9 s% |" Z8 w; u3 [Action by Middlemen& ^7 t6 @3 Z3 v' O7 G) ^
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& g1 |7 J2 a! \/ {% W: n8 [$ v# t4 t. Q9 U2 _
Action by Owners and Management
' L N5 ^" S3 Q5 F, O1 l 81. Traders’ boycott
/ H' L m% V3 F8 i 82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 u7 a9 v9 t+ e 83. Lockout" J2 c, q2 w/ V5 A, p
84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ s& h) `% U" v6 u% ^1 r! G* ?
85. Merchants’ “general strike”( t+ I2 m- ?4 ~
1 d2 D! l! L" R1 ?! b, B1 {/ q* F
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 l( R! B P& c% d1 d7 E% b) A6 d 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 z, h2 g9 ?! j1 X% w
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 V, ]- }7 y- {+ _$ n
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, K) s% O# x' ? 89. Severance of funds and credit
. _% e% M6 p r C 90. Revenue refusal
: Q& X# T% S" C1 ]0 A! @0 \1 w3 A 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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" i! h( Q# B+ N3 ~. C2 DAction by Governments) [& k8 J' o( x$ B; D0 j" m
92. Domestic embargo1 @/ g" K) H: n: a# p. w1 P
93. Blacklisting of traders
+ k+ g* G& K; q) C$ w5 A$ P2 R 94. International sellers’ embargo3 A) `+ T6 |) z# A% x7 P z' _
95. International buyers’ embargo6 U/ G4 q6 ]- W
96. International trade embargo
( y6 A0 e* g6 y% w: L# t5 z8 _* {& {5 d$ w. i" h
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 Y2 B" h" I; ?- J0 E, v, Z
7 z8 l1 O5 o6 F3 A! |8 E; ~( f) [& S
( h* Q% N, l0 p! E+ B, fSymbolic Strikes' ?: ]! U2 j8 I. D0 L: W( P* v
97. Protest strike* |& Q, o, |9 S$ r
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 @3 J* f: ~9 [/ V
) U: j, B6 j* w. ]
Agricultural Strikes, V% |+ ]( Q8 W/ c
99. Peasant strike
I$ m+ ^/ q- h; _% P5 s 100. Farm Workers’ strike
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4 W( ]% W4 p8 }) m6 f' hStrikes by Special Groups
1 `7 M( C& b& ?3 C 101. Refusal of impressed labor3 W0 G+ i! q" y4 w4 J
102. Prisoners’ strike8 g2 W$ I6 z, S e& k; k6 V7 }
103. Craft strike7 _8 j3 v. x3 P9 K
104. Professional strike
* T4 C# f3 F, \7 z& c% J, j
& z: R1 z: C$ A& ]: POrdinary Industrial Strikes0 h! @8 Q1 S$ f$ E
105. Establishment strike
% T6 r* C/ t- y+ U 106. Industry strike
$ f0 ~- c) @/ Q# [4 T* ^, v 107. Sympathetic strike
: G" T* c( F+ o* K% }- A
7 E* |/ k# t7 z8 u. E4 i9 k# cRestricted Strikes
$ p9 P O1 z9 |0 ?, o 108. Detailed strike' V2 X1 [2 N$ c9 f/ P+ a- \
109. Bumper strike
6 c. f8 c. K0 I 110. Slowdown strike, f- i0 \5 R$ Y, g4 ^% d
111. Working-to-rule strike
6 C- f& [2 K) ^4 \3 p+ F 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- e- F6 L5 g( Y% ~. Y9 o 113. Strike by resignation1 f% m, p( E3 w# J5 K8 [5 @+ I7 [
114. Limited strike! r% c( A' m' H; Y" X
115. Selective strike* }8 r! \; u z; ^1 E
6 F0 d7 ~* P( L: OMulti-Industry Strikes
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8 A: `- L; i3 Z) Z! q" W$ I) U9 D 116. Generalized strike$ L6 x2 d+ y0 d; h* S- ~
# H- ?0 G6 Y7 W& p
117. General strike
! w$ W3 { ?/ {4 Z) p4 }# ?8 b
4 u, ~0 F, f( t6 x" D. d. J: rCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
3 E0 F- o o3 Z, K" G6 p, [# }2 v+ h& d& W9 ~; A
118. Hartal
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+ d# o- A: w& a* Q4 r+ j0 Z 119. Economic shutdown
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2 S1 [) H8 {# c# p+ M# l# V5 D
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 f7 E3 m$ a0 C( J" {7 v8 w9 e
) _5 d$ ?( y5 v5 l4 C0 { ) q+ F6 L7 A* r8 l+ W
Rejection of Authority
6 ~" k1 m# k l f& _ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 }) C4 `% ?6 ~. l# e 121. Refusal of public support
9 s9 {8 u. G* G! m* o! M4 j; D 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 l( d7 y4 D! A6 f: e# B0 C+ i7 f
3 e3 h9 U8 _% B8 J3 MCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government, a3 o% o' Y" u: a
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 c- _% G$ _' w( [ 124. Boycott of elections
. v8 n/ Q. e/ G- c3 e( q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 d. s \5 K' i+ m5 \0 x
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% T" j3 ] }+ A1 g% Z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: C4 q( J: |6 m7 k2 H7 M 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 i+ y: p. A, g# Q
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 i: J9 ~. W2 r3 |0 J; r( U& O 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 q1 s6 Q7 K, C 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, m) e3 s9 r' h7 X6 v
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 } r y7 Y2 X& {) W5 y( q. p! ~8 l
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 T; x9 q/ x% f; c Y7 I6 B9 O
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ a" l0 R) N. |, d& N 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, e! \: b/ F1 a" J+ R
135. Popular nonobedience
/ m- X6 V1 p3 G+ v1 B* q3 y1 [% y 136. Disguised disobedience
9 S7 |3 y/ w( f% [7 G# r1 E; C 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 y+ T3 c) e8 o) T' N 138. Sitdown
$ E! e. h9 L( G" Z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: |9 O) `9 x! l1 i& G/ d
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- w9 R) Z5 S/ |# R3 g% p* ?
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel+ b7 k7 s% u) d' I
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! z2 I* M, Q6 ]* e# t# z2 N V 143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ v( i7 V* }1 W# n0 }
144. Stalling and obstruction
7 @% P3 W- o. v 145. General administrative noncooperation: r: P% i/ r2 m( Q1 @$ {- g
! K0 H( K# p) u. J. z 146. Judicial noncooperation; {7 g* _$ J' I, i
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ v- M& E- ^4 `" r0 n6 { 148. Mutiny
. X& Z$ a0 z0 ]& |/ G ]7 K5 y. M4 l# F2 ]Domestic Governmental Action$ d* A( A1 O0 N' i8 g
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" M( ~+ v- U6 k( a$ u) O 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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0 v' c. u7 B5 W. SInternational Governmental Action
& `6 X# q; X. b, ?& P; k 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 z: }6 b) I, t! o+ l e
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; q/ ]" C/ ^' H) D
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
) o: O, N+ z$ `* G 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' K8 a# Z2 z, ?3 A
155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 `2 c; y i: P, b* c
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" }6 h& s/ u5 d' P( D; U- L, l 157. Expulsion from international organizations5 [% R+ w2 }& o- I. Q- i
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% F' R* w5 M& q7 ~0 B, NTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention, |2 @- N: C9 k6 ^
158. Self-exposure to the elements
" E J2 _" ]7 x$ H9 i 159. The fast; s, H/ p. w# R/ m5 u9 i6 A# l6 V
a) Fast of moral pressure# L3 n; Q) i- C
b) Hunger strike& W" V* s7 x3 g
c) Satyagrahic fast
" t& C# p* z- f0 L) L* b9 k) { 160. Reverse trial
$ h! i! Y" t. O5 L- a( w8 q 161. Nonviolent harassment
3 T2 U. c) ]& S) Y: V: f- ^; D5 r/ U5 h
Physical Intervention
' w. m- q$ x* x 162. Sit-in- U9 c& |' m. K1 c4 Q9 H
163. Stand-in
9 ~; c1 N$ L j) E$ }4 {9 j5 X 164. Ride-in
6 m) p k" r( y# C3 T+ h& O 165. Wade-in6 Z' s1 Q3 q4 x9 U& h! _+ ~! ~& _) ]9 S
166. Mill-in
& ^/ [' u$ _5 T, D- R o+ X% e- u/ d 167. Pray-in
, T0 ], X- ]; n& @! L( w 168. Nonviolent raids
* K# O1 i3 @2 F 169. Nonviolent air raids
- w, v6 ~1 S. _+ P. t3 x3 i- O 170. Nonviolent invasion. I+ \: O) W' D1 u/ `. k8 J
171. Nonviolent interjection$ k. F) s) D; u/ h4 ?' C
172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ i) z8 w8 y' W 173. Nonviolent occupation* C q% {( k9 d1 f
. V X0 `! S7 }1 @6 \5 k
Social Intervention2 I- u/ N u! v/ a& v6 c" E+ S
174. Establishing new social patterns, k" c% O( O) g- s/ J2 J, h- U, ~
175. Overloading of facilities
5 |9 u; v" T2 O) j2 V# x- { 176. Stall-in% R+ {; {$ {) u1 i0 K$ A
177. Speak-in( P% L# |/ x/ ]: X
178. Guerrilla theater5 j- I, ~4 O3 j# a9 n7 x' O
179. Alternative social institutions( X% U8 c0 V) q' n0 p* P0 v& h7 P
180. Alternative communication system; v. p1 U! ]% r t# r9 R
1 P% s) J8 P, p8 NEconomic Intervention, H$ K7 v6 G3 V7 _
181. Reverse strike
- g$ s2 j- L7 E 182. Stay-in strike. s: |& {' h9 m# X4 ?; W$ y) M
183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ ^$ e {; M' O" C/ F! @, a7 E 184. Defiance of blockades& T3 Z- U8 ]/ C) Q( n; |0 I' O
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: m( \2 @# h/ q3 {1 k9 r8 h 186. Preclusive purchasing
4 ^ X$ ]. X' t2 Z- y1 m& O 187. Seizure of assets
3 v4 I: C. v$ ` 188. Dumping
4 n. u9 H! n, C6 W" d 189. Selective patronage
% A! _* M2 D' n I6 {; c 190. Alternative markets
8 A3 Z# P* H1 Y N 191. Alternative transportation systems
' y6 S& y% Q: ` g" `$ I( V 192. Alternative economic institutions) g/ ~5 `1 ]; l& _% a
4 h: |2 F% C; B. l% [
Political Intervention7 H- [6 @1 i$ k' c' t @6 ~
193. Overloading of administrative systems
! E& E9 \) H4 j$ w2 w2 u 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 R# V' j' T5 W, K+ Y4 R 195. Seeking imprisonment
& F" e/ ]: _$ ^7 d 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ e6 T7 s# m' }- G$ u$ y
197. Work-on without collaboration
! z( M& @6 z( H$ ?1 o 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
