 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* T- h& I; B: E- bFormal Statements
N/ {+ j+ U. E- d$ U 1. Public Speeches1 R- m8 }* I7 F8 Q: W
2. Letters of opposition or support" U- C: w# v7 |' M5 z a, G
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ ?0 C2 D. E5 ^- H8 I2 `
4. Signed public statements
0 e, e- s9 V { 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- B( d: e6 {! d! e 6. Group or mass petitions
( \2 S5 V: X b) V4 `
; A4 n# q, E( P, ?Communications with a Wider Audience! Q5 I. ~& v( d2 z7 d* J: b4 {% [
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ n4 @' Q* N* y, j2 l* I# O; _- p4 W
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- o4 l; `/ V6 E* e( w& E
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 g! s3 l3 K% `. W b5 N/ |
10. Newspapers and journals
, |" C3 i) p: C- F 11. Records, radio, and television
( s* Z/ D3 [8 u( O5 ]5 \7 B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 ]4 ?6 t* H) b3 V+ y
: {" F- T3 W+ R% m3 e$ L s. N& PGroup Representations
8 f6 X, G/ q$ P# C- R! x 13. Deputations) U6 B" a" j& M0 F
14. Mock awards" H- v7 I @% ?+ F9 ~& R& v+ J
15. Group lobbying# G8 r5 [2 d% |6 e
16. Picketing
6 |, ?2 F5 D* v: v! L 17. Mock elections
2 N4 `" R8 u" A- {1 E# N* _, j5 R4 z1 ]: _' s
Symbolic Public Acts
' D* j9 F+ B2 p4 m 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# l% g7 ?8 D( M 19. Wearing of symbols) z2 R7 p1 @5 {( s, |, u; u* T7 G
20. Prayer and worship: |$ T& r$ ~" I7 H' J4 R. T
21. Delivering symbolic objects
" u/ E8 x d8 x/ |2 _9 z r$ g 22. Protest disrobings7 @( W2 `, A& Q: y8 j; f
23. Destruction of own property9 c% K- v2 y5 A2 c2 Y' S
24. Symbolic lights5 \. i: J" ^+ e1 Q9 J! V; ~
25. Displays of portraits
6 G, U( Q. ?7 L' ~. \ 26. Paint as protest
! i& s$ [0 v* c/ | i 27. New signs and names
# e6 m4 y5 J( N7 j. e f 28. Symbolic sounds8 m. t7 a8 E7 ?9 r# F. g
29. Symbolic reclamations0 T3 T+ H: r4 @. c7 Q0 z. l) T
30. Rude gestures$ B4 Z) M2 t* @4 F7 z3 |
5 G( w* ]5 R# L* Q
Pressures on Individuals
# D. ?/ c5 ]; d0 p 31. “Haunting” officials
! L: v0 [( m3 {+ |6 r 32. Taunting officials; \5 U( `- W4 _ K& ]: f
33. Fraternization# D7 z: E7 t/ q3 o7 ?4 U
34. Vigils/ S+ y' @$ |. a: G% Z, D+ |5 I" b' S
% }) w( ]3 e, J; _
Drama and Music
9 E6 U# i' S* g1 z+ C; o. P 35. Humorous skits and pranks
; s& A+ Y2 v: E/ g 36. Performances of plays and music+ H" w5 W2 q Q! j0 A4 `( B9 z/ }
37. Singing
' |/ l* f# n E' @. v' D7 e' x- i2 |& P' w
Processions
9 W: w! ]3 b( o7 {& B% B9 b# \ 38. Marches
5 X9 K8 x9 W% d: }, |- G( F# s4 K4 Q 39. Parades! d! y$ Z& N) R8 L8 ^$ o, Y
40. Religious processions. R4 |& I9 R1 ~% }5 O
41. Pilgrimages
& |/ r ]3 _- ]! \9 \& H% d, m+ Q8 M 42. Motorcades- c9 p2 J7 \9 Y* [ ^: j. a c
2 v7 W; Y, m5 h- x( \, q8 \# U3 Y7 cHonoring the Dead7 h1 U- o, t6 N+ ~( D
43. Political mourning
3 _ W5 a3 |9 C9 u/ m# Z8 V 44. Mock funerals) R# G. z0 o5 }/ u
45. Demonstrative funerals) a' I6 o( ]: Z3 Y: q% E; z8 I
46. Homage at burial places7 C9 N/ I5 x7 d! `
% c2 V' p. X" b: G; R4 V! |" zPublic Assemblies
5 d3 ` o0 x( u; K& K; [5 Z 47. Assemblies of protest or support: @1 a, @2 H% B! d
48. Protest meetings& P$ s5 @9 T- w+ o! C% j: B
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; W8 R2 z3 A# p, ^4 i' N% q4 a 50. Teach-ins& j% ]% g# v4 {) I- s" h# N4 J
. h/ `7 \9 g" v5 a5 M9 X- X g/ K
Withdrawal and Renunciation
, c( F- a- D J' d( q) `, Y 51. Walk-outs6 k8 ~2 M! E* N9 K7 X5 Y
52. Silence
! n- }* `- ?" _6 U 53. Renouncing honors1 T" S$ W8 k8 k3 I$ Z6 B
54. Turning one’s back' I2 q6 ~% G- ~7 o( V9 j7 ?
8 H) d1 N9 C' i& ^: D0 k % Z0 K/ @/ @: l* y6 ?8 X
# t0 M- F7 h5 P6 m" ?- T6 K5 O9 c) iTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
+ T' C H9 B. v5 S' N0 ] F! _/ C+ c( I- J0 U* O
3 v' }; O) |, c8 V
! i) C( f+ n' V3 IOstracism of Persons
! y/ v8 i) x, C7 e" o6 s5 d 55. Social boycott4 l! C" [$ y. m9 i$ v
56. Selective social boycott
( `5 T, n! c/ y1 Z, A( i$ K4 ?& m 57. Lysistratic nonaction
, L* T8 ]8 Q7 w2 v9 } 58. Excommunication
3 V( E! D7 v8 f6 L 59. Interdict* d( c$ T# I+ j8 s
) }5 H; m& K' V% M* R- |
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: e& Z% ~; k7 E# [; S$ _) x7 f$ b 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, w3 d: F$ K- Y0 N4 g4 V9 m 61. Boycott of social affairs8 O: V' n: E; e0 m
62. Student strike: n3 h1 m( y% G4 b- B
63. Social disobedience
' N, Q! i) R! Z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
" @- D W; z% L
0 p0 ~) Z! p" IWithdrawal from the Social System$ ^2 {2 `, _$ S8 X5 V" A
65. Stay-at-home6 p! u) {' H1 _- E( W
66. Total personal noncooperation' M" k4 ]8 Z0 B U- v1 y; G
67. “Flight” of workers
$ z G: \4 B9 c6 B2 s 68. Sanctuary. F! Z6 X! h# G. z
69. Collective disappearance( b3 s- w* y* V+ j* X1 O( m
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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; J6 e' B- Y. O2 H* u, ^THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; \1 J5 K, C& J* b- e! `
Y- p" z: _' C* `' R. a" e% a+ G & a* m( E/ C" n- Y
Actions by Consumers2 {/ b) ~) y* {4 f
71. Consumers’ boycott+ s+ {( j: A: }5 D% B
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' {, z! X b3 |" H7 ]( q" P
73. Policy of austerity
" N0 [! a: l9 M1 D 74. Rent withholding" g: ^1 N* B! N
75. Refusal to rent
, T7 m. {/ {7 x0 J+ \( ^& b+ ^ 76. National consumers’ boycott
0 u, K# V+ ^$ {: o3 u. g/ @" u 77. International consumers’ boycott
* z% I2 c4 [ I8 \
; f7 n N/ ~1 |Action by Workers and Producers7 c6 c7 O& n9 \* d
78. Workmen’s boycott" F4 M: i0 [, {8 e7 f+ ]; r' ~
79. Producers’ boycott- J) ]: M% i3 j, t5 o) T c& J; O
* P) m8 l* R( f4 @& z$ Z: zAction by Middlemen# I" D) R- G/ N$ {! S; ^
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott' z# i# e! Y- Z3 X
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Action by Owners and Management
( {! Q- a# C2 M' ~, Y 81. Traders’ boycott
% X. W8 x! v: O" O, p 82. Refusal to let or sell property
' X6 H |. V% K0 t8 P7 @5 B 83. Lockout. o$ }1 ?$ R) S' B
84. Refusal of industrial assistance% \) a# F% Y+ l- r' v
85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 A0 z' B. X* f) E0 z; @
# |0 W, x* b l( q
Action by Holders of Financial Resources% x7 C7 V2 o/ ?: b- G L% K G
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
; N5 J$ x8 n7 Q2 L( O* e5 B 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* x& ]) I/ z7 _! w6 L& S
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 z% [( g# `! o8 R' n5 N 89. Severance of funds and credit
6 B$ u% S1 s+ ~ 90. Revenue refusal
$ C8 q0 I& J* K+ D, k, m 91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 y. J8 `( T" j$ y9 |
* O' M. U% r9 A3 H8 G0 xAction by Governments/ b. x c I9 P
92. Domestic embargo5 N9 B6 S, c! c8 Q
93. Blacklisting of traders: y6 Q, O. b9 k' u) |! L1 H
94. International sellers’ embargo
: S7 A) B, g2 n! D 95. International buyers’ embargo! i) G! `! u) w
96. International trade embargo
+ w- j6 T: `: M2 I1 _/ S- ~/ I
5 f. r, ?# H5 @" {2 o5 R$ J8 O J7 D1 {1 Z% h% q2 w" `
2 q3 T- R$ k7 t1 k3 v: cTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
r9 p# o7 H* H( y: X' O, h A' X5 Q4 z6 A+ T& g+ V
& N$ p' l" y1 d! x4 L# hSymbolic Strikes+ o P8 J! h, z5 R' n, W! Z
97. Protest strike
. e; @$ y* k- U% U0 D: B* T/ C 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& D5 o7 c* C+ F2 M8 i& Y5 @
~" I. n0 H T& o. {0 gAgricultural Strikes; A2 K2 T4 ^ k
99. Peasant strike
_/ A5 {% }! T; l } 100. Farm Workers’ strike
/ ^& W4 Q: H/ _8 C
) U1 h0 @# f6 G6 y7 D7 JStrikes by Special Groups* W( U i, {/ ]# r1 ^% t" ]6 n
101. Refusal of impressed labor
: J! O0 T2 Q, Y: B+ }1 L' M 102. Prisoners’ strike
0 r" k- X$ r& B u 103. Craft strike, u2 ]4 h. X4 ^# J& B
104. Professional strike3 u" t. f4 u$ a2 Z' \; t+ Y
+ C8 j0 Y/ r! O$ l+ E0 e- @Ordinary Industrial Strikes0 o! J& W: t, A J! k9 U
105. Establishment strike8 I2 |* i7 p; T. `7 w) S0 a) }/ h
106. Industry strike
9 {! t. {8 Y( m( J1 m6 }1 L 107. Sympathetic strike5 |4 s' P0 l. _9 a* M
. b& s% r$ L! b- s) \* x* \) PRestricted Strikes
2 g6 k# U1 c' d1 t3 L! P; s& z 108. Detailed strike
' c+ l$ U& c0 {/ s# f 109. Bumper strike2 ]; O b; J( y; m9 a
110. Slowdown strike2 p5 `! P/ [& ?, c; {
111. Working-to-rule strike
4 i: t- z' Y0 Z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); J% f4 `/ }6 p6 P- T/ ~8 f
113. Strike by resignation0 w+ U5 u) y. ^- P3 x4 l
114. Limited strike
( H% C# z' u- y# m2 m1 f% @ o 115. Selective strike3 v( B+ r6 h1 O/ v1 r8 k
3 _: u5 N* O+ G0 z; s
Multi-Industry Strikes
* \$ ]: e- o" X* k, X4 {8 X( r: t$ h
2 M" X: n$ _. ]$ K3 ^1 L2 S 116. Generalized strike
3 Q6 C4 [ r; V9 q, j) F) i! s4 o" R6 U+ X+ w- K. ]
117. General strike
& m" p. i- D5 R! D, J6 }: r4 v. n; k- r9 Y1 R- |" W q) l2 A6 c5 T
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% Z. P- J; H5 [3 V2 e" p& K% o- W. M# u: |5 q5 A
118. Hartal; y9 e$ I/ B# t, B* h
4 s* x+ B- J/ t* D
119. Economic shutdown
7 Y3 S' W$ W! u# B7 b6 h" G, o, _5 o1 t2 @" T, e
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d4 w! `8 ]$ w/ n1 F# K. oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
$ |% ^) E8 _8 y' k6 `. z+ \; \& _, G& S) z
; b/ E p; W3 x# n
Rejection of Authority! A* C7 p' C" A. Y' `& q6 B7 S
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 g2 S! i2 S$ A1 X
121. Refusal of public support4 r' Q* D3 s. ^+ G& F! n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! {% v9 f$ C0 v& X
1 D$ z* j, W, z! q. P5 i) L) V
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 `2 t5 W( p& E2 H3 J6 U0 V% j
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; h! ^& s& W) t. H h t. Z# a1 f6 c 124. Boycott of elections% H$ z3 i; h1 ~/ u$ G; ~4 Y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions" q/ a v4 b2 |, _) T
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 N8 C3 w, _4 ^ F+ }
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' M- ?* m* ]. x6 _; ` 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 t+ U* }: V5 V! N
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 ]8 h8 ^' U/ S; U2 Q4 } 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# }( F9 I8 \, O. q: @! A, p
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& c2 @0 b; s+ L) s. r( G 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! M+ Z: z0 D, `$ s% O/ ~- u# _; Z J# f5 I. k9 L, L
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ l9 o! l. X; \$ E7 ?& f/ p 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" N9 X/ S6 E8 V: } 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' ~+ q; ?. s( q* A) ~ 135. Popular nonobedience
) X2 l* H2 {" k+ y( A7 P" n 136. Disguised disobedience3 e0 m9 z/ y# g- U3 t a
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 x& D/ g, s! ~
138. Sitdown5 b) n( n ]9 p
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# P3 D9 @) T. |; |: D 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ ?& {) Z A: o& v8 T 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# c7 H+ W6 w! e4 j9 Q3 b
, f; K: v8 U) T& vAction by Government Personnel
' J' f5 ?& r! g5 E* U" x9 f 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 ]+ u0 [2 y- g4 _( C( O
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 M9 [. @, N, n2 z U- A 144. Stalling and obstruction
" P2 O. d( o+ U/ \/ n4 x) K }- d! o 145. General administrative noncooperation
( W4 _/ s, ?* v$ [3 i% Y1 m1 m4 C8 J+ K5 X8 Q3 q
146. Judicial noncooperation: c& V& ]) d, l
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
: m: W1 D+ z# n+ s5 L5 Q3 q 148. Mutiny
% A$ m+ g! F7 x1 j# C2 _9 T5 LDomestic Governmental Action, c7 O9 H& m( ?( U
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# m1 Q+ O! k4 V 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. D1 l% v: o& t6 Z: W0 G
0 l( J: S# A t6 a1 q, e/ S7 m
International Governmental Action$ k# V+ J8 G" N1 K
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" Y ?5 `( E1 t% `( k+ _ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
3 B1 k. O; d! [$ F3 q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition' f' v0 Y2 G9 j! i# O; d
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' l. f0 t. k" c; y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations, b5 S7 ~. g( j* I. `, |! M$ f2 d
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
2 P9 v% I4 V* z$ W# r 157. Expulsion from international organizations
1 r' ~& L) a4 b- {& F/ z( H, g9 S. q/ J& q# j# \- Z
2 e/ ]8 g0 g! _& V) q; u9 c
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 U" X( d5 C" z" o
" |9 f, j, v* x- `
* c2 l+ ~5 _7 z) g+ Y8 HPsychological Intervention" Q9 l' t/ T2 k9 Z3 j
158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 N3 Z5 f- W" q) q 159. The fast
4 l. o3 f5 T3 K$ q) {, o a) Fast of moral pressure$ K) l$ G: ^7 C9 I9 _( a5 x
b) Hunger strike/ I% \3 y8 B7 x3 h R
c) Satyagrahic fast
6 i0 l; ?4 }1 ?6 S+ R# V2 w8 G) [ 160. Reverse trial% H9 k. _- z& Y; u' c! z" Z. W6 \
161. Nonviolent harassment6 E7 w3 J3 M; V" Y* I
4 A. i) U4 K( l: d O. PPhysical Intervention9 o+ O- S+ e) T3 B
162. Sit-in6 ~9 o, q3 p Z9 B2 z
163. Stand-in
$ {+ X q6 ?4 z. @' @* F 164. Ride-in
. C! L. K# q" l; D! [7 |0 U9 ] 165. Wade-in
" F# r: U, q7 A3 g/ a 166. Mill-in
2 C9 q ]2 v& a, w; b3 d 167. Pray-in1 x4 U9 ?$ R; {6 n& u* Q
168. Nonviolent raids
& A4 j9 V6 ?! X/ _6 U/ c 169. Nonviolent air raids+ F; s1 m6 m/ c. A8 e/ b
170. Nonviolent invasion
; y3 s4 w" U9 M2 j8 j 171. Nonviolent interjection
/ `9 {6 x1 b+ Q; i 172. Nonviolent obstruction8 {' B! X5 `/ { N7 H
173. Nonviolent occupation
8 j2 f& M: v& \- e3 k( _/ B, _. O6 {' O7 P9 k$ c) s
Social Intervention' d& P; J) c% t6 q
174. Establishing new social patterns4 j. d# B! C# C7 X4 q2 |0 x
175. Overloading of facilities
* J/ G2 Y* l: _ h: j- Y" X C 176. Stall-in$ t# a* F: x, ]7 W9 n9 ]
177. Speak-in
+ B/ c' Q( _- k" n/ h5 L 178. Guerrilla theater, e6 `* ~9 _, F7 ]
179. Alternative social institutions
* K. X& ]! A: ^: N3 w 180. Alternative communication system O6 f% R* G$ w, Y# X
& X7 i4 z' i% v6 J
Economic Intervention: t/ S: \: q' h
181. Reverse strike
5 |" {5 u; }$ p9 r& l 182. Stay-in strike
5 K) G, ~/ b7 _8 ? 183. Nonviolent land seizure w( a$ q9 |$ i
184. Defiance of blockades
m& a' k) N2 L1 B0 K5 B @ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# S2 R' I3 a, R- o7 H) ^6 x$ y
186. Preclusive purchasing
; y1 P( U o4 y' C2 U0 G 187. Seizure of assets' @ v8 s& |1 P- |1 ]2 B' q7 T
188. Dumping# O1 c% g/ c( o6 l A
189. Selective patronage; L5 n8 ~1 ~; T7 I: r4 D) W
190. Alternative markets
4 A" m3 u" y: f$ j0 X/ T 191. Alternative transportation systems
& V0 w, H- Z$ L# J) Y4 g' [ 192. Alternative economic institutions6 j T3 P. X* l1 e" v4 o5 S% b
( ?- p: e! l/ e7 F) T+ d( R" P7 [Political Intervention2 M# p/ u3 P: W8 P4 G* J7 K1 U
193. Overloading of administrative systems) h( [# N6 G! w/ X' z
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents* s, Z3 ?* A0 ~0 r& O( p5 f
195. Seeking imprisonment
# P R& ?. x2 H# n 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; ^& y- ~7 p+ R" ^ 197. Work-on without collaboration
# J. B. |. O+ a* {. E 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
