 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION% U# @2 ~, Q" L1 F5 Z) z; c
Formal Statements
- x# C8 ]8 z g- ~ 1. Public Speeches
~6 c! ]5 V( }: t, Y$ G8 c1 G 2. Letters of opposition or support
) ~: A& c% f; K$ O5 J1 k A7 X( R 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 F, [$ W3 Y; A5 r. J$ J' E
4. Signed public statements- g a( t3 ~" v# `1 C3 g% A
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 P5 u4 y2 _6 X' F 6. Group or mass petitions6 s( m9 {: s# U1 f7 |
m9 ^+ e! M" Q# L. B2 RCommunications with a Wider Audience9 t0 C4 z# d' h4 G/ T; \+ ]5 U" i
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' L3 @; b+ D0 K
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. S/ [: }6 F% ]6 V( D. f" K- ~ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 ], @9 U% S J" T0 M
10. Newspapers and journals
, o6 U# X2 S0 K. K# p9 n 11. Records, radio, and television$ m4 ^. P" ~- W
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- j+ q! u2 Z4 x! Q* _6 n4 ]
5 }1 c5 L6 }. FGroup Representations: H7 Q' e" U9 _/ J1 [7 R
13. Deputations* @3 W$ I; W, J% k. D H
14. Mock awards
4 V* p# J6 E6 Q 15. Group lobbying5 @3 Y. j% L3 {1 `/ s8 J
16. Picketing
" {' I0 t* Y) m/ b9 t6 i& z; {; H 17. Mock elections
. Z3 `0 F3 Q/ j1 |4 l- s' e; C5 _% l
Symbolic Public Acts
' M- L/ o1 ?: K8 P0 C' w 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors ]( x0 q4 o+ X4 [0 j: i# p
19. Wearing of symbols
( j3 \) I/ {* T! h* ?9 K 20. Prayer and worship
r, G1 g Y; K1 X( m4 y$ q 21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 y4 C' G3 y* a' n) s( k' r 22. Protest disrobings, {! |5 ^; ]' ?5 r
23. Destruction of own property
H% }- r9 g6 `: \( ^+ F7 P& X3 x 24. Symbolic lights& Z' V# \, c; g- W6 C0 S
25. Displays of portraits: k D4 M3 K8 e9 I3 M
26. Paint as protest
& l' H U3 B( z! L! Y 27. New signs and names
7 d% w5 Y6 E' e/ W0 U, x 28. Symbolic sounds& w3 Y% y: u7 a$ y. v0 n
29. Symbolic reclamations
9 V4 z! v/ r5 [- t$ t) s 30. Rude gestures
% ^$ n% _$ k% y" f: L7 a3 A& i8 i' c- e* x1 F3 @8 T; o
Pressures on Individuals
8 O# }0 K; ]$ B& e1 H9 ]5 X 31. “Haunting” officials/ D/ n6 m9 `; k9 _2 v" f
32. Taunting officials
( \0 ^, m; ^; Q; k9 w7 ~" N/ H8 Z7 F 33. Fraternization
8 P/ D" |& a1 L1 { 34. Vigils) ^8 j4 N% H* S' N/ `$ S
% ^9 Q2 W- s8 ^7 r5 d+ Y% M
Drama and Music
: z& j* P: n) Z6 r, v( i& V3 O 35. Humorous skits and pranks- K% J0 i, L2 L
36. Performances of plays and music# d; T- W: X4 C+ {0 _: [ x
37. Singing) v3 [7 N/ T# l. D' b f( S
4 U$ p0 x) x1 j$ x( G8 m! Z( f; J7 j
Processions
: t, M2 c/ @3 D' u: \9 u2 K/ [ 38. Marches
* w: _- B9 O& I! v* ~. d) v 39. Parades: J# z1 C/ e. n3 w: O6 ]
40. Religious processions
3 J: S( ~5 B5 I5 S 41. Pilgrimages T% l) ^- s4 V% _7 J) V. ]! K* d
42. Motorcades
- N% L! p( g( S
1 f* S: O1 F% D' S- c( SHonoring the Dead" H% \, [ c8 p- |$ |
43. Political mourning
' Z. e1 l* y* E7 I8 b+ W6 `( v& Y 44. Mock funerals
! d/ X6 ?0 M% \. k 45. Demonstrative funerals
j7 a2 G- s f* h4 | 46. Homage at burial places9 {5 m/ L* Y/ s3 l1 Z0 m
! a: X9 U, e, x3 s$ N. R
Public Assemblies2 U7 _: k* B. S5 @- {' L$ }
47. Assemblies of protest or support7 b# F0 u* u* f8 I
48. Protest meetings& C. B2 \: ? O& O0 F
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 u" B0 `+ h3 i
50. Teach-ins
) r; s8 h: {, ^" }1 U6 H
! [* e( B$ z; SWithdrawal and Renunciation3 t1 e, x; j+ u* G$ W, w
51. Walk-outs" R6 `7 Q/ z2 k+ m% @ N
52. Silence! {8 R# K. b" m% g, j
53. Renouncing honors: r/ T+ x- J/ }& w6 V
54. Turning one’s back
' l R R$ p ?/ e! f) a9 A- F% I1 s- F6 Z1 @3 L( [
@% `$ [5 {: r/ `% Z4 {* v$ V
+ j5 k$ T* ]/ m3 J
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! V: }7 z& H, c7 n! I
/ `9 X6 o/ J2 i8 w* [7 ^ & M: d* o& ^7 }# D5 k5 P
! O4 A9 T6 E* U$ X8 wOstracism of Persons
* a6 l7 @/ d% C8 X2 Y 55. Social boycott
3 b' \; i8 `, i8 C W* G 56. Selective social boycott; q4 V& [2 y! r0 r
57. Lysistratic nonaction
& k9 H! z! k- e% y 58. Excommunication/ q/ G. q: C( j) T. D# |! V0 _. q! q
59. Interdict& B- z J1 t: K# k+ f
% g4 f$ [4 Q' X$ i5 p/ ^, b& b4 WNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 U# @; l. N1 r4 l# p9 c- G
60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 q+ Z3 ~6 @. o& C' `! V3 }
61. Boycott of social affairs
4 V, F$ i$ X0 q S 62. Student strike
* T9 X3 [( e4 m: J7 [. Y 63. Social disobedience
" s( M4 ~$ j3 C4 P 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 z. A' a+ F" G' n5 C
! c: M" m$ T5 e% X' o: \3 T$ RWithdrawal from the Social System
) Z# t* O# a3 {1 u" g+ x 65. Stay-at-home
1 x/ S! d& [: Z+ E, f! ] 66. Total personal noncooperation
5 F6 A7 h4 g5 }$ N, s* J) N 67. “Flight” of workers1 _$ L o) ^9 B P5 B
68. Sanctuary# l" B, B2 i+ V3 D6 i: P
69. Collective disappearance m( j, R( U' Z Q' }4 ?6 V
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
. l' r9 L6 I1 \
2 q b I9 c1 [8 W) f* S ; V- t* T% d, e0 j
3 ?8 v6 t1 ]6 S1 a) ~THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 N% \" A! O; j+ s
8 F: ]6 P, ?3 U) o+ P
# x0 }- K, y- W* m8 Y9 c6 y* z. {Actions by Consumers
1 u5 L$ n0 u) w" f0 l. Q 71. Consumers’ boycott, W5 ~! E1 ~0 n& c ^2 b: z4 b
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods% H; J9 M0 Y$ n6 @
73. Policy of austerity
) |9 u& k5 ^* t( Z/ ] 74. Rent withholding
6 R/ `# n- s8 T, S 75. Refusal to rent
4 t! K# f7 D+ Y; Z% D1 y W 76. National consumers’ boycott
6 }% b1 P' N2 Y. G+ g2 v7 D 77. International consumers’ boycott
8 [. i- l0 O- R3 Q: l5 ?# P& f. k0 Z1 b) o' u6 i! N$ k
Action by Workers and Producers
9 @4 F1 L1 `6 }, H, L S 78. Workmen’s boycott
9 J6 M+ ?8 A* P5 n0 p* N 79. Producers’ boycott
2 R( Q9 e5 r( M' p. O; ?: M0 C8 H- f5 J- X% `+ R
Action by Middlemen
. k( e8 d6 l1 D5 f j8 ~8 S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 C8 u7 I+ A8 x1 c
8 t& b: U+ Z( O: O$ H# zAction by Owners and Management
' u; I0 i: Z& ^) c, y) G) L 81. Traders’ boycott
% \! Y3 N5 }' ^, q% i3 f 82. Refusal to let or sell property0 M( M3 `; |5 G% S9 n
83. Lockout
/ q: d2 k1 ]" |8 j0 z1 ~! H8 U 84. Refusal of industrial assistance8 e; G) F$ o6 w' l
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. z- t+ B1 s; Z& P) P; y, r$ P
, N0 e! i; s0 f( A9 UAction by Holders of Financial Resources
) @! T1 r8 k- Q* a# b 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! g% I- K+ H3 y( ?( ~+ u- J* V 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ [. V! d! U1 y: ]5 J+ P; u
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% P* R T, A, H+ t3 L0 C6 H) A 89. Severance of funds and credit
9 c0 ]% X) N; Y5 P7 ^ 90. Revenue refusal
/ ^0 I# W1 _0 F( ~( v5 \3 v4 X6 d 91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 N& J. G- ?( g1 v' x9 [2 \* C3 k: k2 y# N j/ n
Action by Governments
* k! Y5 ?# }* J( A' s& _ 92. Domestic embargo w) w- Y5 H" i8 o3 H- T
93. Blacklisting of traders
( T: @/ u$ `! B 94. International sellers’ embargo
( e( O' G4 C7 d 95. International buyers’ embargo4 l9 O. C! z! D3 O& U! Y/ F$ I7 @
96. International trade embargo
& p2 N7 C D- |# ?6 d
+ D* D4 g9 a8 H' A9 v. _ ) Z! r% @; l& o- T4 `+ {
* O, U2 C6 [# CTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
, R( p5 A, D! Z6 k6 x# c, c
* c8 W8 o& ^. E; l } * a J; m3 @) }. s$ E- t
Symbolic Strikes% I% R/ \( b/ m0 J7 f3 X( r
97. Protest strike. O* w% v d8 d* t2 _
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 A" H5 a8 v5 o L+ z
5 B9 ?% \- v3 q2 G/ r" T* |3 UAgricultural Strikes. y7 \- s; E2 z8 |5 I$ f* G: X6 X
99. Peasant strike; A+ \) Y& K2 l9 p% e8 L8 D% l6 B
100. Farm Workers’ strike9 [& U0 E: w& b3 t
+ n, G1 v* \, ~" Y$ E, _, A0 k8 {3 ~
Strikes by Special Groups: I8 o% T* O/ h& N2 p" {3 d/ n
101. Refusal of impressed labor$ c: L0 [1 I( V8 V# s* @- o% R$ o9 ]3 G
102. Prisoners’ strike
! I8 X1 z9 Q( X0 o \- Z: c 103. Craft strike) d9 G: a4 B6 P: F$ x
104. Professional strike
% l% ?& `# i' r
! ^6 a+ C ^8 {* ` b$ H4 pOrdinary Industrial Strikes, l6 ?" o/ ?6 L
105. Establishment strike; J. I, d4 v8 s. W+ o
106. Industry strike
0 H+ t: b/ N3 z' F 107. Sympathetic strike
& W% f7 w! `1 s/ d, J3 e3 a6 b8 ]) p/ G, j( g" [% Z% d
Restricted Strikes' y2 `, I2 R! E. r
108. Detailed strike
) H) ^* w5 M( E( I* Y! J 109. Bumper strike
( s+ g! h( u0 W7 g 110. Slowdown strike
6 U$ M( I! i( g 111. Working-to-rule strike. o- [6 y7 M+ Q6 t6 e- r/ I
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)5 ~9 `. N4 [; n, l) R
113. Strike by resignation( B6 f8 \' x9 r2 r# }. ~. b
114. Limited strike
L2 Y$ G: p& J9 x# E7 D+ V1 w) q 115. Selective strike7 k, l# \/ J: s) _( N/ b+ J2 g! t
4 I" A$ [6 M! j+ vMulti-Industry Strikes
8 x u! t+ ]3 i8 L/ Q e3 c8 A, W, I& ]8 |$ p) m
116. Generalized strike; V4 D" B7 s1 V$ Q$ ]! y
. x5 J: s7 Q8 P) F
117. General strike
4 P+ s6 I6 v, l/ Y' {' N0 ^3 }9 \! ^1 s1 f9 b9 v1 l
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% J+ G& k; K0 x% x4 J, D, d- a1 t$ x0 ?. |. i
118. Hartal
@ p3 K& @, `& |9 l5 H5 Y
6 P/ P- \, N% \7 ]- }9 N0 [ 119. Economic shutdown* y/ T2 l( ~, \
3 g% ^) p3 n- t9 p3 F
' K( u: M( u6 T; d8 o V
4 c! N4 h0 a, f" s3 LTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
$ Y) r8 `. [' b+ V* w
% C/ V) j7 L6 t( [ - @: ~; s1 d! K5 C/ x
Rejection of Authority+ F+ z. `$ N9 t; _
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 K) H: [8 t8 y/ Q8 ^" g/ x
121. Refusal of public support
3 h" r7 d) v- K1 V) e 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 c9 L( X' F% ~# R* o2 I4 f$ _
- m8 u0 K7 W& ?
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government) e- s5 r. O! F8 M8 H% S% W' S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ g9 N8 Q' Q1 O5 q+ n
124. Boycott of elections
: L) C; z% |2 p/ u! z8 X 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
: U9 Y- t! }5 a+ m: I+ z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) G0 \% X( r+ a" M. n 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions' i2 k2 m$ D+ z$ f
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 F6 J+ \* i- ]: A
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 Y; g: Z- Q$ l5 q8 j* J+ D
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks h# R$ V' i5 ^6 j8 E) m
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, j$ j& g3 q. q+ i- F
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
" ~+ T! A3 T3 M6 H0 S6 e% w0 v& V" Z, }2 V1 U
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 S' \! y! @' V$ s( I* z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
) b4 c+ {( ?5 U A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 K) w P& ?1 X* e( A. C
135. Popular nonobedience8 u, V! X0 Z( g6 ?6 f d
136. Disguised disobedience
f: F$ ]% I% }; q3 M 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse* r" `8 q9 `& A1 V6 [& H |
138. Sitdown9 v$ N: k% Y; @/ F7 K8 f+ Z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation( k, Z- ^) ~9 o m1 c! z: |
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, e& Z7 _: K0 n$ n 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: y6 q* a4 M( {8 r; ] x+ y. P
# C s! k0 P% C) {1 b& l! B* z* _
Action by Government Personnel3 S, r6 x% @4 [" O: G
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
& w9 J* R H7 _ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 \; X+ f0 b& _ 144. Stalling and obstruction
0 I/ F' D6 G" W( W/ y 145. General administrative noncooperation
8 B, e0 p+ F# }* M/ g2 T
' s; n: `9 W' U1 a! O2 I/ E' y 146. Judicial noncooperation
/ ^7 G! @2 A4 a& l* p* m1 k- l 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 [, ?$ t$ [! @9 p" j5 I6 T5 k: N7 E) N* c 148. Mutiny5 s7 K5 V7 U5 }2 N: e% u
Domestic Governmental Action
/ C' w6 B4 `1 X' L2 L5 i 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# I7 m7 o- W) @* i" K, ]) b1 g5 o
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 ` U9 x" y$ g, K, q
. O _' T8 S& {4 oInternational Governmental Action
8 N- @ t# {( |$ F- I% u, M 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' t' q3 z( K) _9 j, k- P
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% v& g& V, U2 |; Q g: y
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& z8 R5 T* C2 I: Y& _# n 154. Severance of diplomatic relations1 m' N2 w, @( v& V H
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ _. s! I, G- @ ` 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; R5 ^4 T3 l2 R" ~% w8 B 157. Expulsion from international organizations
- h+ `. V, T/ n. D0 c) ]6 \3 y! _2 O9 _# w% @
2 E$ A( ~! M1 K
- \! [6 E* H! z' `- ?$ k+ KTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION; N* K# P- M2 c% ]0 L" t# z
! n2 V7 L1 O0 o" D# G
8 o' x0 g! T2 u( t2 o! zPsychological Intervention
3 w- I8 h+ G# Y5 D5 T+ F+ B. I0 A+ E 158. Self-exposure to the elements' H7 w/ b% e4 [$ _* t8 M
159. The fast
0 o2 e: u3 h' C; E% w a) Fast of moral pressure2 L' A/ k' p3 G3 l
b) Hunger strike
% i, z/ P; ]4 I f5 S+ F c) Satyagrahic fast
! L4 O. ?7 ^ @" @- H0 ^- F 160. Reverse trial
- S) K% |" f/ k5 ]! K 161. Nonviolent harassment M7 _" [$ w+ j. d% Z% V9 h7 {
% P4 w2 |, m. ^3 J$ @2 kPhysical Intervention
% f" D2 I3 a" Y& e 162. Sit-in
" |: _8 S8 J+ J5 B7 n" _' e 163. Stand-in
# a y0 u( V6 |) l( d9 ?9 \ 164. Ride-in6 ^1 N" o: P; B9 A* |5 Y! a: p
165. Wade-in$ K+ l5 G" M$ B! V6 Q5 b0 A, v, h" B
166. Mill-in- ]+ A! o% ]4 N, p9 ?
167. Pray-in2 ~7 M: s9 \3 M- z
168. Nonviolent raids+ @# G- Z6 X% q: F3 d- o
169. Nonviolent air raids
?- \1 ?" X6 N; r 170. Nonviolent invasion
3 `8 N) r/ x0 A5 N* D* w/ a# B 171. Nonviolent interjection* Q" d2 o+ ^9 k. L
172. Nonviolent obstruction& t$ r; L: g$ n7 L3 E
173. Nonviolent occupation
' b- r1 m0 X% K6 E5 O3 Z9 I. t2 }8 f, h& b
Social Intervention1 F3 ?" A7 _6 F& @4 l3 h( p
174. Establishing new social patterns
' Q; N! K2 q$ A! w. [ 175. Overloading of facilities
f: q& ~+ i' p Q& V: z+ Z! k# c% D& h 176. Stall-in# V3 f, [# s3 ~) ?
177. Speak-in
0 u+ f; Z, G( T, X' ~ 178. Guerrilla theater
0 ]; y; H/ p- y" Y" Z; B 179. Alternative social institutions1 [) }8 A. A$ [
180. Alternative communication system
& ^) v" D1 h/ v; s9 G+ I
" \% y' ^: V# _: K2 NEconomic Intervention
4 Y- o8 H2 r. \/ T; j 181. Reverse strike
( W" J- F% z" Q( k# I. P 182. Stay-in strike
& Q4 a8 ~+ Q/ D, ` 183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ O" x: `9 V3 ^: i$ O 184. Defiance of blockades
% ~4 N/ T i# |% u 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 B! [% l4 U! h% h" y/ d# }8 ~
186. Preclusive purchasing
' c( ^% T2 Q' p# B- f, Z 187. Seizure of assets) y$ S0 s$ r4 k9 S; d
188. Dumping
3 R; T& C; ^4 u 189. Selective patronage
4 x. `- m" i6 v9 b& R2 K 190. Alternative markets3 h( u" e( s) T1 Z6 G% R$ i, u w
191. Alternative transportation systems# w6 L; @- w$ g( Y% C
192. Alternative economic institutions
2 v+ @1 x" s, u5 J# x- S" V- \* ~% t4 @; c* q4 P
Political Intervention
! C2 P7 _% _2 F9 a, R 193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 z7 i; A) d" O/ @! c% [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. f, V& R4 X! I5 |
195. Seeking imprisonment
+ @ t6 o4 h( D+ \ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& e7 f' w8 x& s/ i l. O' V 197. Work-on without collaboration( Y* m% O* W, c+ U9 M2 ?
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
7 ?. e: P3 D% K7 e7 M. m/ l" k+ B4 ?* H) @" b2 `$ P
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
