 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# q: E% g4 L4 A' C! t
Formal Statements9 ]8 K. b7 t. D* p+ ~- O
1. Public Speeches1 Q; G: N( F* L0 {2 l( t% q0 y/ Z0 I$ t; W
2. Letters of opposition or support1 ]0 p/ y0 m6 [2 |5 E5 [! }8 A
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# `0 }7 Z9 x Z. G& b" |- u0 c& p 4. Signed public statements
, [' c2 V7 U1 C5 P+ [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. J7 C; ?/ } e 6. Group or mass petitions8 B% M' R I0 x- ?" c3 ~
3 [5 x) X, @* `" K& c. PCommunications with a Wider Audience" a Q4 ~& y/ O' J5 U) B4 m+ h
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 a7 H% V S/ u/ E2 M
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ F' |# m4 z& D0 Q7 _4 Q' L9 ] 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books/ h, Y& A6 o* T6 D
10. Newspapers and journals* {: o; s( Z% t m3 x: S C5 u! T
11. Records, radio, and television! m9 e! h) ^0 H
12. Skywriting and earthwriting w+ a, M* {% {$ }; O/ ~
! p/ I7 o6 c# O2 C; }' TGroup Representations
$ p$ \& J+ q, i2 g 13. Deputations
" {$ M7 w2 ~& k/ o5 m2 _ 14. Mock awards
: E6 c# V* ^+ `# D: `4 y# ~. w2 R 15. Group lobbying
: h* B4 `# |* x! i8 d 16. Picketing0 t/ W$ a4 M7 m
17. Mock elections
$ _( Y1 k% I+ M- z+ I9 H9 Y- x2 e" X% \3 {
Symbolic Public Acts
{! g- _% ]5 |4 y* C 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 { F u- o X" k; V8 k) S1 l( @# P
19. Wearing of symbols/ q9 }( a+ ~4 J b* m" j
20. Prayer and worship
8 I+ I8 R6 R3 o5 \4 s5 C% A. a: l7 k 21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 X9 ^6 o: b* r1 n7 c7 P 22. Protest disrobings% z h0 X6 J' A! Z3 |
23. Destruction of own property
& }: R w9 k! n: ?' g# d+ }4 x9 D2 j 24. Symbolic lights& {& o0 x2 p9 U4 U
25. Displays of portraits3 d4 K. E4 r7 B) X- K7 Z$ R
26. Paint as protest, K1 t# j. V; d+ O
27. New signs and names3 Z: K' P: |- G" D& d0 o3 y
28. Symbolic sounds! ?- m1 {+ r8 L D+ \
29. Symbolic reclamations* `: F5 H5 {6 x2 N1 \/ U: H; e
30. Rude gestures
" r, V* i! [+ v1 \* a3 O3 f5 Q5 t* x9 e0 B
Pressures on Individuals% C0 W& a4 \, y: O$ {; Y6 J
31. “Haunting” officials5 ~: s$ n+ D# ]! ^
32. Taunting officials, E/ E, o9 G3 y$ @' |) R I, r- n
33. Fraternization0 M6 n0 K/ O/ i- @, e3 B4 W
34. Vigils# d$ S* @( s0 p, s4 R' N
: l5 I$ s7 ]0 {# s3 d; oDrama and Music
% b; c& z8 s* U 35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 |6 H' v: i$ G; l2 a3 _1 \) K7 x 36. Performances of plays and music
$ p& q$ U$ ]$ q4 ^4 K, v 37. Singing( U' ] S4 }- X. h j$ ~9 O
; |. q/ k+ F z" _+ v. V' H
Processions
! O# s5 o$ z" E, C 38. Marches/ i) O7 a, o& G& @, R
39. Parades
; d. q: f& J V b/ Q% g& w) w 40. Religious processions0 x9 J4 D, W& x# f
41. Pilgrimages2 K+ P( S4 _. s1 d& Z
42. Motorcades
' m V {/ c; {& [9 i* X
9 R2 \3 \% `: W( l, lHonoring the Dead7 ?) F( e( r5 ?# F. S: ?5 P; S
43. Political mourning
& t! }' S+ r0 ~* w 44. Mock funerals2 |( U) C9 {. }* E
45. Demonstrative funerals6 s) ?6 q. f) a! l9 {1 c. _. V$ e
46. Homage at burial places7 s+ D- X$ a; o; U
$ ]$ c" W7 H0 C7 u* @, A) j% a0 oPublic Assemblies
& _0 z8 m! \: u$ I 47. Assemblies of protest or support
h; \9 o# x) H# a2 Z$ D 48. Protest meetings
5 e* z6 f7 I5 @$ f5 f# u 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 @8 g/ u$ {. Y' q9 v 50. Teach-ins
0 w, M! B3 [- G) k- K- B
- e7 f1 S0 K: a% ^! b3 G) ~Withdrawal and Renunciation c+ [1 J+ _ R/ |6 g# F# _
51. Walk-outs
0 f; Y& Y# T5 C 52. Silence$ l/ [- `1 }9 J& e8 i+ h' K& U# g
53. Renouncing honors0 A7 O$ g9 G) x4 a! p
54. Turning one’s back
) r' y+ M* l& ^6 H/ V: ^
% I# {; [$ q* ~( ?& C0 r
& {1 p9 [6 G& D( C
" z6 `0 d% n4 l1 {. X+ ~9 N: YTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) l% V+ f# P3 E- Y# W
( a. Q' V; C7 w$ A( z * E& Z4 I5 _- g: P0 X
! E' M* E' r1 rOstracism of Persons# ]* c8 P; Q/ t& a2 {, L6 N
55. Social boycott
0 G& s1 l! b2 j, f/ B- ?) o 56. Selective social boycott
4 s) N* U' [+ W: u- `: G 57. Lysistratic nonaction
) F& x5 P1 w: S% o( k8 c: L' } 58. Excommunication
# Y1 s8 v# r4 S9 w9 L 59. Interdict0 [( @& K; D0 A' ^! N
2 P7 N8 [, L, m$ t- _
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 D! i2 U) Z: v
60. Suspension of social and sports activities% i" @6 T& S% z5 P# X
61. Boycott of social affairs$ {* i! \+ W+ k
62. Student strike
8 ]5 Z" x% J2 |/ K3 @$ L7 A 63. Social disobedience
. u6 O: j, F& X$ b4 g$ f& T 64. Withdrawal from social institutions6 G9 ]0 Y& @2 t
8 o f( Z& l8 Z/ GWithdrawal from the Social System
4 ~$ t6 F. ^( |: y, y5 U 65. Stay-at-home
8 a* d" t( [% v* `! ]% [1 w5 a 66. Total personal noncooperation
" G4 z+ N, F* x. S8 k$ ^ 67. “Flight” of workers* y2 p) R/ m+ h$ |
68. Sanctuary
6 _( w: w2 z( d$ P+ z6 U 69. Collective disappearance
& Q5 v9 ], ~ o! i3 U 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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: y% i0 _. ` E% O . R+ f! H0 b! O9 I9 _% G- @
$ T/ k( P5 k# ]' }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; t7 g0 x9 e" s' L( m! @( a2 _9 r* |! l- O5 T) }, ]8 M
% D6 ]* g3 W% ^$ Z8 F+ z
Actions by Consumers
d9 o, t% ]* E/ N0 `) z- ` 71. Consumers’ boycott! l, W' r* K0 z0 Z) N
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 I9 R" [0 E% S, h, r: @
73. Policy of austerity
! J1 V2 ?- b" _) G( a: c- c7 p* F& R# t 74. Rent withholding
1 E( u) V2 p/ ~ 75. Refusal to rent
4 Y y# O6 s+ O; \) n3 W 76. National consumers’ boycott
# g- }% x7 \0 a 77. International consumers’ boycott
6 }% L+ B0 ^+ j0 b4 i2 p# X: I7 B& F) Y
Action by Workers and Producers$ i' K% e1 ?4 M6 y/ h; U; ~! F
78. Workmen’s boycott
, P8 m& G( g0 N! a& G 79. Producers’ boycott
7 J& C+ U4 {: a0 I. l) l! `$ q: m( x* {9 u- e- d
Action by Middlemen
4 \' l1 E- P: I2 b+ K 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 ^& V+ Y% |9 r K. I7 N \
& M, z; b( j) `6 G2 z- h uAction by Owners and Management$ N A) K# y2 k! [
81. Traders’ boycott
2 s D0 J3 n$ j/ I G 82. Refusal to let or sell property( S6 F0 C: L! _0 `* a6 C) U- ]0 J7 N
83. Lockout6 ]5 f! t- v) U. h. X
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 _0 \ ?0 N) j; s 85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 R# t! z/ f. l! n! c4 Y
' P {# f( @ O8 b5 y( z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources- J* o. B2 L9 M. k
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) i! n. [' d; b5 V! {) m% Y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" Z& k" j7 Y K" Q8 t' u8 L) R 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" ?+ R, n" W3 e, Y* C
89. Severance of funds and credit$ l! [5 @2 n8 V e) m4 b
90. Revenue refusal1 C# h0 O* Y& x- y) e" E7 x* M- \
91. Refusal of a government’s money# ~" {5 Y3 Q- O
, G6 b+ I& n( v) K2 PAction by Governments
$ ]5 c. e# N% d {, ~4 E 92. Domestic embargo' i! F, o: x$ f) Q2 [: w
93. Blacklisting of traders( S& F( b4 n/ Q( Q$ ?, r& r
94. International sellers’ embargo
, p( d8 P# P9 N* k 95. International buyers’ embargo. \+ P& O$ g* K l, @
96. International trade embargo
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+ e4 W' r' j" I( LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 f: c0 \5 Q& H# i
2 a; A, c' E- a7 r- n* a: b2 N
, u' Q. E" u+ WSymbolic Strikes
3 h m% h" _' a3 \ 97. Protest strike
/ X) o q2 A `3 u/ a 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 G4 t: E8 `, I. }4 J5 u* ?
! v& |2 f& o4 c2 E! sAgricultural Strikes
5 j- c- `& A/ j' m% g8 L 99. Peasant strike# ?' B& O( s z: }4 R8 C
100. Farm Workers’ strike) ^% n1 W$ r& P. w
: H3 L7 U4 b6 c# D; d& i& g+ pStrikes by Special Groups
4 ~; ^# q. b! y0 H$ ^) D1 z( O- @ 101. Refusal of impressed labor5 _( Y0 f: }6 U( H$ M0 R$ C
102. Prisoners’ strike
! Q% i! U. u6 r( ? 103. Craft strike) V# ]! V; M8 Z9 T; M6 l
104. Professional strike9 B9 X/ k i9 ?
! t! O( T6 M! D8 q8 o; o- v5 {Ordinary Industrial Strikes
) f/ d3 b: j2 L8 U3 k( H. b 105. Establishment strike
7 k8 F4 A8 q" I0 } 106. Industry strike
: J, I5 }( \# F8 R& e 107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes9 T! }1 \2 P m# x8 c
108. Detailed strike
5 A5 ^+ S4 z) E& w 109. Bumper strike
: t+ K3 K% T# Q/ k( l# r% r) o 110. Slowdown strike% O g# n# d/ I) R/ _ M
111. Working-to-rule strike
' X; v! U: b9 W! E; [ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
( c9 `! n# F3 r, Y* ^: ? 113. Strike by resignation
]6 b# I0 \8 l6 w" q6 ] 114. Limited strike
8 p- c9 ~9 [* U+ t 115. Selective strike
' ^' w0 S H( _* [9 Z) o) M) \6 H1 N$ {
Multi-Industry Strikes
/ Q, I7 I8 j1 i+ |! f
6 v' I. r8 |, H+ k4 b; L; _! V0 w3 r 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
$ h% ]3 X# h3 D! R# ^ v& X# f. o' V8 I1 B4 a. F
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures! A4 C* L" a+ \" m' r, z6 f
* v9 M8 o+ N$ H- t 118. Hartal8 l9 y! R6 N2 Z! O8 G$ ~
; [$ w# L$ I& I+ _( g6 b 119. Economic shutdown5 ~, B% C/ x6 u! c9 Z
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/ ~; L$ G2 W- k, U# W: BTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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& U5 u2 n: {+ M; g3 _4 C; X/ jRejection of Authority# V* h1 c- P) c7 `+ u5 q! I
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% L7 H& m1 M1 ?4 D 121. Refusal of public support
& ~2 _3 L6 _% h 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 |4 c/ P& ^9 \) ]4 K/ @
" x% {& ]/ ^8 I. g" B f3 CCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ r- d7 n# u6 \
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( T4 m9 Q+ G$ z" g! p5 S5 E r! \ 124. Boycott of elections
5 B2 M% t4 ]9 V) t" p2 P% u 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
8 L6 d% y2 d0 J" q& A+ T( _* ? 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 Q' B' U$ Y0 \9 Y& T9 }
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions: T4 d* G) u4 U$ r
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 j4 c7 r7 I$ O: p" D
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% G8 P. R, Z; t
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 T$ @+ g& q0 S7 V, o 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
w% u+ a% u& G- {% `% N, m% M 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 U/ s6 C. I+ B) J/ _
: a5 g7 p, l2 ^8 ~3 _1 s
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience. p( B/ ^8 h# v: q- m7 M
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, P% A ^* H) s/ Y, Z# p; n 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ U0 N0 N- \% ~- R: B _8 r, c8 u 135. Popular nonobedience
) ]3 W3 b3 w% w Y, K7 f 136. Disguised disobedience
O: r: n0 C# P; I4 q% G 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 J0 T$ x; F0 v5 K2 o
138. Sitdown
5 `* @" s4 n; [4 z6 { 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
; S/ F* H. K$ v* J 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" T9 D" H+ ]1 @% x& e U: ] 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 P4 W* w$ t- r0 m/ y
: ]% J, R4 T' N [
Action by Government Personnel
+ @* H1 Q8 @+ |- M 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* { e. r7 J D0 B' d 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& S/ _* t. T' \* e7 C2 l$ f 144. Stalling and obstruction
( [6 W9 d9 ~, P 145. General administrative noncooperation
9 R c, S ]+ p$ t+ m& o
1 B5 H# ?$ {& H* b9 V; E 146. Judicial noncooperation4 }8 R$ C) o' M1 R/ M
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 {# K1 x1 t( w6 E: b& r3 u! \* a 148. Mutiny' U2 C6 |9 r& o4 E4 ?( F
Domestic Governmental Action# f4 E4 \. L! ^% }. L+ E; U6 f- q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
6 M6 b7 W, p# v0 F7 q7 n% U( P* [ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! P: L( i4 }/ H7 v: ~+ Y/ h
1 x- x6 U" ~. B; a& I2 r$ V/ T TInternational Governmental Action
$ a* _$ E3 C! T0 y/ ` 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 d5 I+ Y0 \2 [) I+ a) W0 `; h 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events& U7 j4 W. I2 D
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 Z j7 L$ F3 T {4 P% Z6 k' ^
154. Severance of diplomatic relations0 N5 @. `+ n* J9 V
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 h+ g7 R+ D, ~4 x' m4 B k9 G 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, T Z% t4 |5 Y
157. Expulsion from international organizations" q2 @" w% L- f: ^7 {1 C$ s
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
6 U8 U; Z" B6 b8 V U% r. j, Z! M5 Z0 [! u8 m0 e5 ? l- o
[" X5 d7 d2 f+ MPsychological Intervention& `, ^$ S8 O$ X5 D/ o! o
158. Self-exposure to the elements
S& @0 A v9 c9 e# g$ S+ V/ x 159. The fast1 W: h8 l) H3 t
a) Fast of moral pressure( {) d( N/ ?9 y6 v6 L7 C
b) Hunger strike9 Z, a6 o- {( J& x3 n
c) Satyagrahic fast) [. J! Q; b8 w
160. Reverse trial
; d! }2 H: [" o3 U9 C: { 161. Nonviolent harassment
a( u* Q$ n& \/ p% ^) f6 w1 s, c
0 G# W% O7 N0 A; BPhysical Intervention
' W- t6 Q5 p0 a 162. Sit-in q h- d' N' T$ j6 U
163. Stand-in
+ Z% v9 N: n; y3 Z' ` 164. Ride-in
$ D7 r, D7 ^5 O) w5 k& v0 Z 165. Wade-in5 l* Y7 ?. U1 j4 Z; Z
166. Mill-in8 V8 h4 n2 ^! c" p2 t U
167. Pray-in
" h/ {3 j4 Y; m 168. Nonviolent raids
5 y( H) ^0 s/ S8 _0 g% I 169. Nonviolent air raids3 x* T' j# T) w) [! _/ f# r
170. Nonviolent invasion
# P- e4 R6 ?5 Q7 E 171. Nonviolent interjection+ s$ G. j, p7 i. Q( t5 Q
172. Nonviolent obstruction0 X P3 q; u# x/ H9 g4 r
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention- F! C! b% I# }/ V5 s
174. Establishing new social patterns
' H8 c- V X( Q6 F 175. Overloading of facilities
: l1 T8 v$ s. h8 D$ _ 176. Stall-in6 l- v. t: F2 t" x9 L& p0 X1 x1 }
177. Speak-in
" U$ o2 j$ h. h 178. Guerrilla theater
' V1 l8 q5 [; \ 179. Alternative social institutions1 @- {" M/ J. g1 v" q3 g1 |" c
180. Alternative communication system
2 M) }5 b- S. S; i* ~/ \) f
% f( c1 P( Z$ e- dEconomic Intervention. J4 y9 m6 n! M. e
181. Reverse strike4 A( U; C# G: V) h5 Y9 N
182. Stay-in strike( p9 W- I' d0 F3 o: H& k5 h
183. Nonviolent land seizure; u: y; P( z! w) h- m* m9 {
184. Defiance of blockades
! J/ ~1 L& @5 v' ~3 z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 a; N0 G- m+ g; w: c 186. Preclusive purchasing
3 l# X3 m9 k$ u/ n 187. Seizure of assets$ J/ i, C( V( T
188. Dumping
/ Z. d O5 B& t 189. Selective patronage
( H' P# w! b& A2 {& q' x 190. Alternative markets
" {- p' Y3 X, ~7 q+ f+ N. W 191. Alternative transportation systems* \! J+ j6 ~: F" C9 u
192. Alternative economic institutions/ T) G6 [1 Q0 R) X, h
; A+ [5 e9 g- `4 ]3 }$ N3 UPolitical Intervention
0 e( Z0 E6 T* D6 ]6 o# O 193. Overloading of administrative systems
- [. D3 u8 m* k- B, f7 D W; h 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents* v" @( }) F2 E5 L& s) O e
195. Seeking imprisonment( V% R) D+ n1 }, b8 a" R, L
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 Y" d2 p1 { @8 r: e; O 197. Work-on without collaboration
4 r( Z* c* Y! z1 B" n 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
