 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# q# p$ W, U. A) t! X7 WFormal Statements! p3 J4 t5 R( n8 {! L2 v1 o
1. Public Speeches
5 {) d0 N' m' F4 h& u+ } 2. Letters of opposition or support
3 S3 D' q/ l6 _/ [/ k 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. C, D2 X/ B/ _0 Z. s0 m4 t
4. Signed public statements; |; M/ H, e1 H
5. Declarations of indictment and intention- B2 ]. d5 y5 Z9 U- J0 @
6. Group or mass petitions4 V4 w0 u$ J; Y9 T
; ]# V! \2 y- jCommunications with a Wider Audience
0 Q( a% m. j& t' S. C: e* P- D3 \4 l 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols/ Y! r! P( B$ K8 Q6 `5 e
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) D1 ?- d# t% ` n' S* |0 z; p 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books) ~* a: Z( _. W) C- ^+ y
10. Newspapers and journals
* Z1 M/ r- q$ m0 {5 \! Q8 j+ c+ K 11. Records, radio, and television" y! R0 C% \$ u& C
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" E; a% e8 j/ V T, S
8 V( L; z2 S- w5 hGroup Representations
; T1 {& Y8 K1 a0 {& s 13. Deputations
/ s. ^6 `1 W% t" ?3 V( L 14. Mock awards) R+ H; T& H! t# C, A# o/ P9 L
15. Group lobbying
5 M7 h+ R2 r; ^. q/ u0 s8 \ 16. Picketing
0 V3 F A f( u) Y 17. Mock elections
0 L- `* A9 _" E" S3 k; ]) N9 J- b* z4 h
Symbolic Public Acts4 V5 R; q! M% z. `- M+ l5 E
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors5 p5 @0 U, M4 |7 E
19. Wearing of symbols' q! r3 n' [ V3 Z: I
20. Prayer and worship
7 h( b& V9 {! S 21. Delivering symbolic objects9 k6 |2 j) ?! a' `- d. Q
22. Protest disrobings
" b6 R' U2 ~7 O5 q1 g# U# H! a 23. Destruction of own property* G! N; k7 N. J' L( A
24. Symbolic lights
* {5 T& R0 \0 {& i 25. Displays of portraits
7 G1 |2 K# n: i4 U9 Y5 L 26. Paint as protest
$ Q3 s i) N" ^, r: G; G) _. R3 } 27. New signs and names
' K. Z( |6 Z& J 28. Symbolic sounds# t! F! E/ R& F3 D; S
29. Symbolic reclamations3 T: h1 C6 x) G }: Q* w, s
30. Rude gestures V& @. V% L# c3 b0 a
4 @. j- ^2 F& _ u: I& nPressures on Individuals
! ]; c, |% ?$ X3 {3 ? 31. “Haunting” officials
+ y" W! k) l+ c S* B/ d 32. Taunting officials
/ s6 e: q1 w: E& a& D8 C 33. Fraternization7 s; V9 G: L6 B" l, ?& `
34. Vigils
' l) K/ j# G+ F9 g' a
/ W: ~: U9 [# ~9 t8 C6 A) q6 L( rDrama and Music
& l0 R# c( f, K* k/ S% c 35. Humorous skits and pranks! z b! h5 E! w4 p4 d* ~* Y
36. Performances of plays and music7 J5 s6 a4 z. h1 I1 {
37. Singing2 `% [4 u2 O1 n5 f# K6 [" U
+ H+ @% h& I* V* S; j8 [Processions- K# r5 B- M" T" m) o
38. Marches
6 `1 _* k6 g0 }7 ^- } 39. Parades
! Y# d$ _2 T' L& w4 B1 @( { 40. Religious processions
4 P F$ y7 S$ W! V7 X6 A 41. Pilgrimages
6 x! Y8 _2 r6 l7 G6 p- ~4 ~ 42. Motorcades/ ^+ ^, X* b( [0 u R
% E$ M3 }1 l) J ?2 y6 c& e$ ?
Honoring the Dead
4 c3 r. A2 {3 x, \* s4 X7 K 43. Political mourning
0 [/ d/ S' A, h6 O( F 44. Mock funerals2 c g& o5 V# p6 `2 r) g9 L
45. Demonstrative funerals
' B3 G! B8 A- Q- j0 i2 h- r6 P 46. Homage at burial places+ a3 m& V2 d1 f" O# Y+ R! d' t
6 G+ v/ H1 H) i9 \0 nPublic Assemblies. P- [) ? f6 t
47. Assemblies of protest or support
# z5 v6 R0 f( h 48. Protest meetings6 O- ^5 t% o. L$ @* |
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest, }) V& T+ B% H) C2 X7 G
50. Teach-ins
0 n ]! e: B5 S1 k1 T+ i# l5 L# D" i* J7 s0 ?& ?5 Q
Withdrawal and Renunciation
" O p5 B5 o0 t, @7 f 51. Walk-outs
$ j1 X" {8 ~ H( M 52. Silence% d& p" K" c% N$ r: D- Q
53. Renouncing honors
5 S& z; e# {4 ^5 N( [+ A 54. Turning one’s back
( m+ p6 n% P$ K% O! d6 e! N" ^, _9 I6 m
$ B6 K9 t* k. ^% F e0 e
& a. X/ v7 S" `+ |$ G) m% r9 M* w/ U& }' {3 \THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. s) T, n7 r5 G3 P) G( E
) B' K$ M: K5 g7 r
% e" ^0 C- f5 T. X% ?, i& V. a6 _4 w, M$ ]
Ostracism of Persons! B/ a- Y! w! i2 b! l% s# `
55. Social boycott
9 E, j! W$ m n 56. Selective social boycott5 D. Y( E3 N8 Y! F' i
57. Lysistratic nonaction1 j* t$ l8 a8 [0 w) }! `. Q
58. Excommunication* i; M8 O; O( C3 `) H8 y
59. Interdict5 q! ~$ r: x/ d
! f. Q4 S7 p3 c0 X( DNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions' [0 Y. f" W2 |! S- U( B; r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 a$ x, q! }2 s- w7 f 61. Boycott of social affairs. ^% Y9 H, j% D) G
62. Student strike
0 g: t3 O: V8 {% y# X, x @ 63. Social disobedience8 c- s7 G: m( u; l) u8 d
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 w, G4 x2 q; U, t. F& {5 o0 i$ |5 U( m5 Z! o% U% h7 Q" T" e( t
Withdrawal from the Social System: q* H ~$ _- a: i5 W1 r
65. Stay-at-home
, Z, A. ^7 X, m" R 66. Total personal noncooperation- H* x9 X/ @+ b {& R( F4 C
67. “Flight” of workers
# O- y. s- ^7 F0 T6 d/ {2 V% I# Z 68. Sanctuary: d2 r6 [( _! \' ^8 j
69. Collective disappearance4 }! ]* V0 f" @6 _
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% k8 z$ X! y2 t& j Q x
# b8 h3 J& ~9 @ z
2 R' p2 M! b. G# ^, K- `3 O( T. K! b3 W0 L& k$ R7 m
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
- j8 ~+ S& J5 f7 {
. L1 ?( f' M/ m0 l( r9 B
) W4 V7 a" d4 a0 i7 \: F+ M8 g2 GActions by Consumers# Y7 k, {3 _( K7 t# C: G
71. Consumers’ boycott/ b# X, L+ [6 z9 ~4 V9 L: e6 _
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; W" j M7 ^# y) E5 D 73. Policy of austerity
6 t9 N3 g7 X7 Q1 M$ B Q" ? 74. Rent withholding
+ h3 p0 y& ?' F/ N H B 75. Refusal to rent% n$ {8 L4 Z2 W; K+ F; }
76. National consumers’ boycott
# }7 g5 g3 w# D 77. International consumers’ boycott/ e/ e. m+ z$ ]2 X
( _9 G* ~2 X5 i4 g. }' SAction by Workers and Producers8 r$ a% \7 F3 o* Z. Q* M0 C7 O+ A0 q
78. Workmen’s boycott
2 J8 @- y1 _! V; \3 [6 Z 79. Producers’ boycott9 o, [3 x* F+ b: e: [* n* y
: ~) m( u4 D5 ]8 q$ H! y0 u/ nAction by Middlemen |% o7 Y2 }- q) o$ p* B7 y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 p7 p1 r. T) X, z) p1 a/ D' X
% R% [2 `' R4 DAction by Owners and Management3 }. h) E/ ]7 g- n6 w0 Z, k
81. Traders’ boycott
$ Y/ i( L1 u0 ?3 z j 82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 x5 u! y1 R% }1 @- B 83. Lockout
# K* V6 u4 ]# Y/ V 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. L2 @' g+ ?* H8 I; v 85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ G( e* H6 r/ j: |& H
3 z0 ]+ B8 p }0 @Action by Holders of Financial Resources. d% l2 {- B7 W
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ L7 W! l. N3 U& Q: \" t" m* L
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 [8 z) V1 n" r( J
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 v+ E* U! k8 F$ q1 e 89. Severance of funds and credit
- W( E1 ~0 V- Z5 H6 `6 X 90. Revenue refusal J9 X/ C- J4 f$ _5 P4 k& @ w
91. Refusal of a government’s money$ q9 o. Y1 W! ?: ]9 Q' a" f L
$ I! k3 c3 i+ R: S
Action by Governments
8 T0 i; u) e: w' X! u3 L9 R, X$ T 92. Domestic embargo6 l+ g- p! [5 t6 }' [
93. Blacklisting of traders
) X3 n; W) _) g% b* R! \ 94. International sellers’ embargo$ J% R) N; H% ~; j( V8 w& @
95. International buyers’ embargo K# A* j& w( g
96. International trade embargo
( t1 K, _1 o7 f, W$ j8 u3 c+ H8 p# r: J' }
+ ?0 ~9 n6 @) i
5 ] b! O/ B! ?+ ~2 s y9 n9 vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
; n& W7 g. E2 M ~0 g2 H1 o! A# n/ H" y
& C! d' s; C3 L- W; l) l
" X; ?7 D7 W) q+ \8 W/ w. sSymbolic Strikes6 ?! {" q; Z- ?. J) J& q3 z @
97. Protest strike
8 d, C4 O4 O* q/ }( _+ T' o# s# J 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): c* w2 B0 z. v/ t) e; |
1 N. f. C1 O4 z9 j3 h' q+ G
Agricultural Strikes
, `# u; j- @* S4 x& d 99. Peasant strike
6 l/ F7 F8 e/ h7 }; q 100. Farm Workers’ strike+ t( N! A3 |3 S# G& Q0 B
3 K5 z8 t2 V7 n2 A% U! ~0 @2 ]
Strikes by Special Groups
- }+ m. g4 p* D8 J' s: R2 @5 N 101. Refusal of impressed labor/ E: m: H; q! [% g |5 q) i' q
102. Prisoners’ strike
! a6 H, E! v5 p; N 103. Craft strike& |/ c9 T1 P. T# y
104. Professional strike5 d$ {) P3 G5 b& s$ \3 M
1 i! l; a) @$ V M4 v) k' v& X6 JOrdinary Industrial Strikes
# J3 C: d" C- @, C 105. Establishment strike
3 v8 H5 S- g, C+ G 106. Industry strike; f; r5 o! e/ ?, @
107. Sympathetic strike
2 D: w" r7 m$ L* g2 @# |4 H8 u
4 V! V7 z: O9 C$ M- tRestricted Strikes3 [+ s, q8 w# l- M
108. Detailed strike
, G: D; Q8 w" o* |+ R+ P 109. Bumper strike) u. o6 s1 z. P
110. Slowdown strike
; }" {2 {1 s( d7 {8 P2 C. \ 111. Working-to-rule strike+ E& e1 L8 m1 k
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 l7 G( X; Y; C 113. Strike by resignation
2 Q! A6 w! J- {2 a 114. Limited strike
! o5 @- m5 k$ [; e- J8 f; S/ ^ 115. Selective strike
) x+ P' z' y0 I1 ^2 V z3 Q
8 d; c! L0 x- x' ?Multi-Industry Strikes
5 E$ H* J) a6 m }
2 ]3 ?1 _* F4 g: s 116. Generalized strike
' X, P) E% N5 p2 f+ k/ p* S" E: b" z0 U1 i" _8 a
117. General strike
# M: A# u6 k) |$ E% n4 f d* N
; N$ j8 @; n- P# M8 r4 P( x9 @% [$ zCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% n% T5 _9 ^+ n) ^6 c
) Y# c5 {% D- @0 _( v9 t3 W 118. Hartal: J5 x; j: `% a3 p
( H3 S" }. Y3 s2 g: Y
119. Economic shutdown; c/ Q# D- H) r
5 z+ r- F: k! ~( d# h1 A
; H- J; |8 T, {0 C& Z! j# Q2 |6 Q' o4 y+ N/ ~
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
- N; k4 j/ J, V6 e% u
" l `, c/ m2 S- ]7 `% G ; J, b C) j1 v! e
Rejection of Authority& P0 V* P3 o9 w4 j7 ?) A
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& l/ N+ U& x e& \% N! x" u 121. Refusal of public support- T) f1 k& K$ g9 ^0 `- u) K
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# _' S1 a9 S9 X" z% W7 {& x
: w1 Z$ h0 @/ }& ^+ I7 n
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government: ]3 v, y G& I1 ^- Z
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# O" ]0 K. {2 m9 m 124. Boycott of elections
. Q9 z" r3 r5 R' T 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
8 ^. b, h& Q" b C 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# d: O% D: e& H" j$ m. x* U$ J
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ g8 ~7 S& f: K- b& A2 T7 j
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% ~. w8 A* Q: n 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 T( [2 U" h/ q4 n. ?$ ~/ h
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" Z( W+ h1 }+ t$ m, [2 b# ]- Q: R
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
9 ^; h c% G. Z7 S% J, {' ^ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ @# V7 z* s9 H/ O, }- r
+ I/ p3 ~3 Z; [; B2 M3 ~1 F/ ~Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
g- ]0 g/ r3 ~' J* _ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance& D7 i: `. B$ ]* Q" P
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ L5 o* l0 }; k" A8 d: m 135. Popular nonobedience B" d: e. j4 u% u# \. H
136. Disguised disobedience
* L. _. S6 P' x 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- T4 M4 n6 J9 c6 a1 u7 W4 O
138. Sitdown- }- ~! L+ c+ Z1 J4 ~. n! S
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ G: E9 e3 \4 U* O3 K+ A8 ^+ {1 q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ A7 j7 Y* _ @5 N: `' r
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# a* I0 s: p& _1 _6 N) h9 O3 C. M. N o% b) X
Action by Government Personnel
% | J9 i/ e, Y- s2 B% ]% { 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 t2 Y* ?- Q% S' O: q0 {
143. Blocking of lines of command and information- G+ k. X; S% }: p
144. Stalling and obstruction3 Y+ |3 Z9 `* I9 l/ Y p
145. General administrative noncooperation
! c2 j+ A9 B9 D" r6 A( H! A+ G
; _; D/ ~& p* v% w; J 146. Judicial noncooperation/ l7 |" [% J: A2 b; C+ s: {
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 }/ N6 t, v) B! G/ @; {( C
148. Mutiny
' G0 w0 j$ u% L9 F ^' O& ]: UDomestic Governmental Action
2 o1 W: [: h7 q" s" W Q4 G- v: f 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ v. o. ?: W7 j( i7 C% v
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
* S" q7 n9 z2 w ?7 g: v2 ~! z. H5 q7 Y i
International Governmental Action3 i* F0 A! m. s+ H# o1 d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& D: o. L' V' X; ~: G, J 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 n. o1 E2 |. D2 _# A( D8 ^ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 `0 k% W* h+ d: R W 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
$ W3 n1 p/ `5 r1 I2 c. X: c( d3 u0 N( } 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* [. R9 a$ ?/ q: j2 i/ q$ S- T [ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* ]3 j" k3 U* F8 C3 o
157. Expulsion from international organizations* m6 |) D: T# O
' T7 h8 d5 ^5 r+ | # r1 B1 X- d* D! i' n3 i9 t9 U
F# t! S0 l- F* A R4 @! q9 _
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
) \4 m k8 G' n/ y/ ~5 Y; a
9 e9 r; h9 W+ }7 }! x! M 0 c# S7 ]6 y) n- J5 H& Z& q
Psychological Intervention ^/ @+ `" b. j
158. Self-exposure to the elements
; m" {# l, r# m1 x+ S 159. The fast! _. Z6 ]' e) x' l; D; h! Z7 ]
a) Fast of moral pressure7 _- T& B$ R. C5 S' k. z0 R
b) Hunger strike( S6 f, @/ [. U/ u/ M, @% p0 h' y
c) Satyagrahic fast3 m; Z) C8 N9 \7 ?
160. Reverse trial
g6 S0 q# M/ W6 f% q 161. Nonviolent harassment: }9 `0 F# y0 ~7 c2 ?5 K# U
6 S& Y- A4 o/ N9 G, B/ MPhysical Intervention; h4 e5 R5 y& T) Z1 L
162. Sit-in
8 m0 y; x- _8 g! u# ?" S- L4 k 163. Stand-in2 ^2 G ?( i* G5 w! f
164. Ride-in) T& S5 d- f; O; h, @
165. Wade-in
5 r( K0 D/ n+ F1 m- `( J 166. Mill-in
* `. T5 H, I6 V5 U4 D2 u 167. Pray-in/ v8 j5 Z. D7 y; S& H0 d6 \7 U3 ]
168. Nonviolent raids
; I# N8 Q& L/ u 169. Nonviolent air raids
$ T. j5 i3 f. s4 l8 F9 Z 170. Nonviolent invasion
: H+ x, l3 ]1 j" u* _9 S 171. Nonviolent interjection p) _! z7 K: c
172. Nonviolent obstruction$ k- {% U% {6 \" x( w$ q
173. Nonviolent occupation
! s/ q" q7 F3 i |, ?: `
3 [* P6 n: A& r. ZSocial Intervention
+ U0 x, y$ `9 ^( q 174. Establishing new social patterns/ V; R0 n* C4 @7 P& w: D& ^" l
175. Overloading of facilities6 Z/ P: Z6 i- e
176. Stall-in
0 ^$ J: ]7 C1 G9 m 177. Speak-in- I. Z4 @6 m9 ]9 ~, O1 B
178. Guerrilla theater' }$ X1 }3 g5 d
179. Alternative social institutions
' a# T: O7 Q8 d; C& Y; e* h. O 180. Alternative communication system6 g6 l: S" }" i# h' J* n
6 u6 w2 H" {) }# I+ H. t! sEconomic Intervention6 t: R/ j; V, h! i: X! \7 o
181. Reverse strike2 {8 |( P- `. Z) ~) K7 _
182. Stay-in strike, m- g% ^9 k; j0 F) v, o/ m
183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 N8 f9 v& p. j* V& v8 X% O 184. Defiance of blockades8 C- I0 `2 k3 ?
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
1 i! z) i; G' n: w: K, C 186. Preclusive purchasing3 {0 f x% w/ Q
187. Seizure of assets
+ D& G+ M2 Y9 G' ?. ]: ~ 188. Dumping
# R) C8 W/ Z1 V+ ~ 189. Selective patronage [8 M* p) v5 e9 ?5 D) x3 s/ k
190. Alternative markets
& r" o2 [$ A! T" _( g' O4 f& u- C 191. Alternative transportation systems
" l; D" B! `. s) T! K 192. Alternative economic institutions
, H3 ]0 |# x( P7 ^# n, `5 D# f0 l' u$ I
Political Intervention/ p* X! e& L6 {( Y+ Y
193. Overloading of administrative systems
) q2 F3 K% v. C% a 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 x4 b1 k) y) v/ X. ?- T6 h0 d 195. Seeking imprisonment H# C1 G. n- K) }
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 G0 k1 I. q0 y* P
197. Work-on without collaboration
* i7 _' g9 @* ~ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
; f0 K3 @8 E" B
! u& Y! l8 U, h. |" z+ y |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
