 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 a1 x% h+ L* w2 [/ nFormal Statements0 }1 \- g3 [4 B/ o: u6 t5 [
1. Public Speeches# Q& @7 y& f7 m' {8 O
2. Letters of opposition or support
& \8 S% b0 p& t8 u" ~ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 K. M& @& u, A* d2 B1 X& m; c3 @
4. Signed public statements
; f( j! S" W) ] 5. Declarations of indictment and intention \# S* r1 t$ t; p7 }
6. Group or mass petitions1 u& a. t8 Z8 a. ^5 \! ?
6 M6 O/ F2 _- Y3 I2 l! A6 r
Communications with a Wider Audience: b6 E( c7 c* U
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ ]& _% Y3 L; F' Y' ?7 H$ ]- j 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! q2 d. I S- ` 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 l/ V; ]0 b0 U I 10. Newspapers and journals
( N: |& O* q8 C1 N" I, w 11. Records, radio, and television) k7 U o+ f l" b& [: T! d; {' P
12. Skywriting and earthwriting# A+ D7 L0 t+ d
! E; y, B4 Z# B0 B9 C5 }7 s
Group Representations- R3 B. J) w G. }' Z8 s
13. Deputations3 Z3 }& N# z3 g1 j
14. Mock awards
4 M, `" n$ R' P9 d8 c" Y& q6 R( Y2 | 15. Group lobbying
# f3 r1 |) E6 ?4 n J% b/ | 16. Picketing
$ J8 ]2 d+ b+ e 17. Mock elections2 n; w S/ b! `8 x
5 q0 V6 s: w* f& @" \" p
Symbolic Public Acts
) y1 K: C8 u# @( S" b) D+ | 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: [# a1 u5 u! D7 M# W) T# x+ H
19. Wearing of symbols
9 c. ^ I& [, h% A% g6 { 20. Prayer and worship9 x+ O7 _. s+ Q* D& w6 m2 l" I3 n
21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 H5 i4 h* K8 t2 l$ G+ M2 K2 e 22. Protest disrobings: J2 k* ]8 u3 @
23. Destruction of own property& l o% B/ T" A9 U
24. Symbolic lights
0 Z r) \& q1 Z' l! j 25. Displays of portraits
) r* N1 D( k: d3 D! D# } 26. Paint as protest9 O6 h* J+ b; m# v; k, ~( M& ?& |" H" E
27. New signs and names% f7 P7 n6 [. Y4 G6 B9 L2 G& Z$ x6 Y
28. Symbolic sounds
$ a1 }2 ^8 d2 G- t5 I3 p 29. Symbolic reclamations
" G, S- _- d( E( @' [ 30. Rude gestures2 @% V+ n% E$ {
9 g- x: R5 p# R# b( YPressures on Individuals# k) R. I. ~" z1 D: y9 J. V6 b
31. “Haunting” officials
" s) [5 ~ F5 h$ b( e7 t 32. Taunting officials( q# Z+ c, l' w- f% v
33. Fraternization
$ ~$ D9 B$ ?( G0 l! y 34. Vigils
% n3 I$ E- U) b+ d+ e! u8 O q" D9 v% O
Drama and Music
" y8 |. ?1 W1 k l6 @% G0 k 35. Humorous skits and pranks
: J4 Z; c8 a* e9 s8 Q4 U 36. Performances of plays and music g3 X3 a5 G, _5 p- t6 w l. J
37. Singing" _; j6 ]" u: V* J+ }- o+ p K! _; ]
' Z3 J* v' ]" v( E: c2 E% @; tProcessions
! A) G, n5 k! \ c 38. Marches( r) c: a# d4 ^9 Q1 R. C
39. Parades
. W0 }# l1 `- P8 K, I 40. Religious processions
9 r; E- X- v4 s9 v9 C( }; @; C 41. Pilgrimages
' K% |+ V8 ]. g* l( x 42. Motorcades' o5 {/ s& P9 n" V$ T
/ F: ^7 p; q# X. t8 e U8 LHonoring the Dead' A2 i. |) U5 {. ~7 n) }& m6 q
43. Political mourning
4 K( }1 N7 V# p/ B% g3 u 44. Mock funerals
. |6 W1 c$ g" X6 X m 45. Demonstrative funerals
7 y/ L n8 ^7 t6 { 46. Homage at burial places ^& _* B4 B$ k( g0 p- f
0 o, U: A! ^3 t7 T1 l7 v, g
Public Assemblies' s8 P; M' k6 k$ C8 D; i
47. Assemblies of protest or support
" {7 b7 y% r0 Q: ?, Y 48. Protest meetings
9 p+ V" a7 h/ z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" `% C6 p+ _7 g; z- [
50. Teach-ins7 r# K' P3 b7 R3 R5 f
% u! k! X% f$ `& L# v0 D" u
Withdrawal and Renunciation: i' E0 k4 N8 S: p
51. Walk-outs7 l, d/ c) l0 P3 \2 D( ~' T+ Q+ f
52. Silence, Z, B# l2 r, D) D, W6 _
53. Renouncing honors
( U/ M8 I4 z; p0 U: c1 _: \) T 54. Turning one’s back
' K6 Y% T: Q; v& K% J5 v1 k3 I( v- I0 w, @: [4 B* K* n
8 t" u& F7 O: m% T( L, W2 }- Z, u
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) n9 Z$ E! a. q' V1 \) V2 I! Z! }1 u
, W, g8 m( E' L, _! M" p
, |2 Q. Y" p5 z- a# kOstracism of Persons
; @2 ~$ z9 R1 }0 I! D( i 55. Social boycott
- m/ x' k! D6 R _ 56. Selective social boycott
% Z& A. C8 E# \/ h 57. Lysistratic nonaction+ A% {* i7 q% Y' ?6 d/ q4 w
58. Excommunication
" e4 `$ X* B% {. o8 s* z 59. Interdict: _/ _% H7 v; l; {
6 t$ l m% {) h; _& ~% I8 R
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& v% ~' B' @6 _$ ?# A! P; _# e# N, m 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' N4 ]; R. B9 Y3 o
61. Boycott of social affairs: j! E5 _3 x# N2 h0 ?7 h
62. Student strike
2 p" h3 z$ O0 |( y0 n3 V& F 63. Social disobedience
6 q5 I- }( c( w: Y 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 J [% a& F d: Q: [; a0 w' j) `3 Y* z4 I
Withdrawal from the Social System
; ]" F5 O% t) l4 K" E+ k% J 65. Stay-at-home
, B$ N- m$ ]$ j+ U 66. Total personal noncooperation
5 q* _6 ], D" ~1 j. ~) X 67. “Flight” of workers* A) b1 O7 _9 W0 p2 _: M
68. Sanctuary, U0 u) Z. w% `9 f* _
69. Collective disappearance0 U: x" Q x( W. G3 j Y) O
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 Q ?% F" t/ S2 O& u: B0 w) }
0 _/ r2 Q/ f% Z6 a" i# o" z9 } # o+ ~; N( S' u& i
. a/ x p5 t8 R* Y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( E" o ~$ k; c+ P& ~6 s6 B
) L! R. N- A+ B4 r" p$ k
2 o) l _7 f$ r qActions by Consumers
+ I6 `; s |/ }2 W* }% j$ G 71. Consumers’ boycott
4 M6 G% q5 {5 c# @ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# V) b! p* g5 G$ W
73. Policy of austerity' j6 o C: v& ^8 ^9 y
74. Rent withholding8 v) {/ P. Q: D! Z% z9 U1 M' i% r( C
75. Refusal to rent
) g) L8 r! J4 Z 76. National consumers’ boycott
6 S; X/ L0 x: Q# c* K$ L 77. International consumers’ boycott- X9 j! ]8 A* D$ o1 O
% T( V' \% W" ~1 y* ^* r+ G6 l
Action by Workers and Producers
" \* C6 S% n) T( `7 b8 _7 j 78. Workmen’s boycott; f# @+ S" e. H4 G) F O* V: J/ X
79. Producers’ boycott
. l) ~' Y2 D, v$ T. b8 y: @, k
. [8 C/ I- h: n' S6 n2 F7 @2 pAction by Middlemen* G, W2 P% i0 M% I3 m
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 |9 g# }/ l7 b9 Z9 [6 p7 G
% u! j0 Z. `; [4 Z
Action by Owners and Management. H) V+ G' L3 R! e0 K# @/ G
81. Traders’ boycott; i' q5 a1 K1 S7 Q( v0 ~
82. Refusal to let or sell property: M3 ^/ Z# o) O
83. Lockout
5 c d/ ^- h6 B0 Z! b/ D; N3 I8 J6 d 84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 C. l' p' P+ e9 z2 s
85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 |' a$ E3 R6 y+ o; a7 z
, p/ V6 |; |- h1 M8 d5 }5 L; @5 w
Action by Holders of Financial Resources l" L' |! b3 j* V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% F7 m, y. G: g* f& U
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 Q0 Q1 y: D/ s; V# u 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 t! A- \+ E8 L* K6 I: L( ~/ i8 x
89. Severance of funds and credit
9 h: Q) q: B% w 90. Revenue refusal
. B& |) G# C7 V; u Q 91. Refusal of a government’s money
, o3 o; u! ^; k) O- s/ L7 i
7 N/ n' e. s) h2 k8 n+ {Action by Governments$ l4 i: t# a" P3 q
92. Domestic embargo
/ D9 Y0 o! }2 n3 B. B0 l% M( L 93. Blacklisting of traders
( U/ _% m7 @( \5 p0 s0 `$ L 94. International sellers’ embargo% m% t% j: Q$ Z
95. International buyers’ embargo
8 T6 v% U( ^$ A3 d* D 96. International trade embargo
1 @, ^" B! p3 A7 L2 A" Z2 ^7 W- |9 A# C2 v4 ?
2 s5 q0 K! c: t) y9 j) f3 e
! j# X$ l2 Q I6 U+ u8 j- QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE* R/ k8 X) q: P4 t# }8 ^) l
. t: d6 `( y2 B- T* [0 T+ b1 e0 k & _; V0 g2 F3 L2 p( b/ T
Symbolic Strikes
. J4 A7 l( D* M* \ 97. Protest strike
+ ?3 ^' I' K: }' k4 e6 B2 M1 \- v 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ D2 Y! d$ o7 p5 ^/ u. ], `7 t/ S) I; y' ^. j; G5 j1 w, }
Agricultural Strikes- n8 D5 ?2 [, x( z% c* B
99. Peasant strike
4 U1 U* X/ l5 K2 M( S 100. Farm Workers’ strike% m m7 D: {" D$ T
6 E4 [+ Q$ ~* |" i& [
Strikes by Special Groups
" W; ~& p, H" W8 a) P' i: G 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 D+ p" @9 p* N1 i. G) Q0 a 102. Prisoners’ strike
, A! z/ I" @1 w( r9 {! Q: h 103. Craft strike
6 j! V% R* \5 P# h& h 104. Professional strike
* D# @5 Y! W* y2 L: D. a# p" o6 d# x4 y c, ]+ y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 h0 w: y3 k/ f& @' F% h
105. Establishment strike! l$ f) Z m, e+ N7 `; z
106. Industry strike
0 V+ x/ ?8 U0 |5 ]: m# V0 k 107. Sympathetic strike6 d' m; W9 k3 ?* m
7 I0 P: }0 t WRestricted Strikes
; L6 t7 G/ V1 ^3 z+ n6 w$ t1 Y 108. Detailed strike
) Q3 W. U" C3 v# ~- `' @ 109. Bumper strike I% j9 O$ d1 C: U# S
110. Slowdown strike5 b H. D5 F6 U
111. Working-to-rule strike
. r' L# Q/ N# {4 b( y6 y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& l3 g, a7 r1 Z" b' d* @3 B' Z. W
113. Strike by resignation( s; X1 ] J4 V" G) r3 z/ M4 A) Q, d% ?
114. Limited strike
$ L+ {1 u' u8 ~1 f3 f2 Y o 115. Selective strike8 m! U5 i$ g, `( f. Z
% U5 K6 b: O# g8 ^' T% ?
Multi-Industry Strikes3 w7 f; Z3 `+ d3 h, r5 @
- y5 M, K3 t* c: k# a 116. Generalized strike7 h' h& j# }- R/ `* n: l
2 X& F/ N# t2 \3 l. S; w 117. General strike( f4 d& U5 @/ ?+ J, V
* T8 q7 R( t8 e9 q, H" J& DCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 S: q5 s9 g2 R" W8 j) q1 w+ D# }, S' Z: N/ Y
118. Hartal* i6 u' F4 F) x% a1 I
# S( c6 D6 B; A. L4 ~0 l4 m' z' q$ U 119. Economic shutdown+ r. P2 U9 s, Y3 _, k D( S
+ l& r) C& K6 k( {& O
: [; ? l+ e; Y7 d$ s; Y( |
- K( }" P- w U1 UTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
. Y3 M% ~+ {+ b( x3 Y: | w& E Z" ]% S5 f4 \' f
) b- Z; U! z) a, c, t* [ N
Rejection of Authority, c& m2 n! L+ z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% C" U9 Q; T6 | ^, l
121. Refusal of public support
! P! h1 U1 b! J0 q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance* {5 w0 N7 N4 ?
! t4 U8 J# w) v+ U( ~
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, R$ h- `4 d6 }- ]1 ~0 k7 l 123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 M$ P4 a6 Z. c& b/ l4 {
124. Boycott of elections* c* S5 V. g3 [" y( ?1 a
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; y5 w. q7 c; l. D 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 H! ~2 \, z) c; U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 U* V% E5 F. X4 C) f7 w, z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. S# q( d5 B# r0 z; W8 w. {8 z/ p
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ \' m" _3 F4 t( z# d9 Z3 S# | 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! t+ h" B# s$ t/ |9 N 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
# b! `5 H7 R3 G5 s. n7 V1 ^. D 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
b) ^, V! P# W& |3 |
8 u3 K6 n6 ?' mCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 g T7 S3 x' v( }3 ~ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" R$ W/ [8 e- I% b7 Y ]# | 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 k, G1 ^# B5 [5 n) W# i
135. Popular nonobedience4 ~9 ~& ^7 |+ G
136. Disguised disobedience
. u+ B' @! R' }9 B: W' t" a1 U& @" E 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse! n m4 X2 L' h! d' l) J
138. Sitdown3 V: c f- P" {' o! C/ p! q/ {
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 C p, \2 V0 |* ~. V
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* V' |0 w3 |) G: ^8 l: X5 S% O
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 S# L- U! Y% P7 D5 \, E) ~1 Q
" C$ g H: z; t/ |0 sAction by Government Personnel
# n! i4 M& `4 T! N/ s1 U2 a( S 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides T; L- u1 F. t+ ~ f* m
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ R; Q+ X" Z0 S, L3 Y* Z. h' U 144. Stalling and obstruction
* Q' q& j1 Q! e2 { 145. General administrative noncooperation
8 @# Q' N" ? n- g0 U) |% J5 T) T9 E2 k" V% A5 V& X# }8 f
146. Judicial noncooperation
2 o( u8 q) u) ?: m4 ` 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: m' g' z* }6 j- F9 ]% W( t
148. Mutiny
' v q, F9 d( {' _. ~5 e. q* k, ^Domestic Governmental Action9 b$ q# r J+ S$ `* a* z2 N
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
* u, B1 n) ^6 @0 z# ^9 i 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: H5 P) D' J4 t5 n. j/ Q8 ]6 k4 q0 M* j; x: F/ q9 x3 {
International Governmental Action6 K2 H0 u- `! q4 i( o
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations; B2 ]/ _6 W% J4 x9 ~
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# E8 N! n# b* D2 e9 ?/ E
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 M! @8 F7 {4 y6 h
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
+ D# e1 R6 w. B1 c+ g. u 155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 j5 J% e3 j* |2 p
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies1 T' D- L; s6 a4 Y
157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 U2 V) y8 d1 V5 K$ @8 d- S. k; h4 v" M0 I: Z% y
/ I; H/ z( y, J% {5 i% d
2 _8 U. T7 Z0 L m0 JTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& N2 a& q+ `0 m1 X
1 v1 U' D: L. g( ^& ^1 ^
0 q- U' i) q0 V8 ?9 g( @Psychological Intervention' J* \9 Q* t4 {- c4 D
158. Self-exposure to the elements0 Y; E" J* i1 C3 f
159. The fast8 Y: @6 I6 c" R9 L8 S8 [# D
a) Fast of moral pressure. x9 P4 j& ^ B3 O. V# d' |
b) Hunger strike% M+ n% i h5 D" l0 B! [0 L
c) Satyagrahic fast5 ]/ J! R! E# @& Y+ d ~7 s `+ m9 @
160. Reverse trial! ^7 M) d3 @- G' x* d
161. Nonviolent harassment
0 k* P/ a- I P4 Z [' _& W1 \' i) I! I: e. B2 t9 g- L
Physical Intervention
3 p' A9 W" R0 B b% h 162. Sit-in
) @5 f$ n0 q/ p' A4 m0 h: ] 163. Stand-in" z6 n: {) m% q. x! W+ H, b
164. Ride-in, S6 n; \5 g$ k8 Q `
165. Wade-in3 G2 a5 Y: ~1 B4 V' O: ^
166. Mill-in" u; r$ e! J9 ~* z- d. Y
167. Pray-in
" t0 P/ T1 m) w 168. Nonviolent raids5 d- ?1 k/ ^7 B0 \# o
169. Nonviolent air raids( q' H6 V! a: x. S+ c# o
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 _' ] R) U6 V5 \ 171. Nonviolent interjection
' E( u3 e$ r" F: d8 M8 P/ o/ Z) D 172. Nonviolent obstruction8 R% i K7 M6 J) P6 S+ U
173. Nonviolent occupation" G5 |' X# i9 y! a9 e" f, l
6 Z- A& ^' v7 B" T+ i+ [
Social Intervention7 f. d# S5 H) @' l4 F, J r
174. Establishing new social patterns6 P1 ]0 f* M, C/ {
175. Overloading of facilities' i7 P0 E6 p' N( y& P7 c
176. Stall-in; O6 W1 \1 \8 K4 F" V& u1 i, K
177. Speak-in
6 E w- ?( k! y6 Y 178. Guerrilla theater4 {+ B6 n7 p+ d7 T
179. Alternative social institutions
( g0 h2 P1 y. k2 V 180. Alternative communication system
4 K; F1 Z2 w) x) \ A6 H
1 g% @: m0 b ?4 t" zEconomic Intervention
1 e0 Z- T$ m; {& d8 {& w4 ^7 ]: ~. l 181. Reverse strike
- m9 _9 ]" b# B; @" R0 l" K 182. Stay-in strike1 G* [) c% Y$ A- H$ X; D
183. Nonviolent land seizure
; \# g( q* |2 _$ `2 M 184. Defiance of blockades- O9 H' \, B$ U- [4 k8 H
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ J% m4 a/ Y" }9 L
186. Preclusive purchasing X" u' ]. P& _( @
187. Seizure of assets# M8 A" O7 R6 h2 Z3 u
188. Dumping k, M) F( a# C: l
189. Selective patronage' v. n' T4 I4 G9 I. W0 p" A
190. Alternative markets
0 H \% k7 q6 g q; `% w 191. Alternative transportation systems9 L8 ?- h- r4 f8 U- H5 q
192. Alternative economic institutions
# J: _5 @0 z( J" j7 ]+ ~2 X9 Z' e' |, E/ W" q0 l+ q
Political Intervention
* d: [6 F2 u% i0 k+ ~7 g5 V 193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 l. d* X( W; ]! A ]6 X. `$ C 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 o! r6 ]5 w9 {% K$ |. { 195. Seeking imprisonment! d- s& |& F3 k
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 L% G3 ~( i% {4 f: _7 |4 `
197. Work-on without collaboration2 h3 ~+ q: R$ U" Y
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
