 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! g! x. Y6 [" Q3 X" k) _) VFormal Statements
7 }% R7 M8 [2 Z% u0 ^# ` 1. Public Speeches
/ {$ A a* V9 x( E9 [ 2. Letters of opposition or support
( J. | V4 u3 x$ P) _ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 L' A: \! B7 k, U% b7 h7 a
4. Signed public statements/ e' ?0 w, l5 K, ]! y* q s1 d9 L
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 h0 t% Q' a4 v: i' `+ q 6. Group or mass petitions2 M/ X$ y+ B2 i
. J! | I& o, l1 r: U6 W# w X( O( ]Communications with a Wider Audience% B! z- N' g! T+ _- {7 O
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 f- R6 H1 Q! h% t- R h" ?
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' x+ U$ k* o0 Y 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
4 a1 s# `* T# r( ]: h2 x8 r: ]: S 10. Newspapers and journals% j% h( S3 ~! h) D4 d
11. Records, radio, and television
* x9 @- _% x3 w 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 a( t9 J: g, c6 P3 R; p& H. \, U
Group Representations- s& y9 U' q0 e2 A5 \8 y5 C. N# C6 k
13. Deputations
6 B6 V* d% o' V6 W$ e4 {! A1 s 14. Mock awards% a8 u" X% @; a& e; V
15. Group lobbying
9 d+ e g* B0 R) M( f# k! w6 D% x 16. Picketing
- x, W; B, \0 t$ O# G5 ~ 17. Mock elections/ b# G+ h* {7 a4 H6 D8 s) L
7 ^/ K8 f2 g+ d! F7 _0 Z- G4 W
Symbolic Public Acts0 h4 l! J+ T3 `: w o& `. @
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, q( S* ?8 ^% a0 \' | 19. Wearing of symbols9 m% q1 ^7 ^6 }- O& P; n6 h, h
20. Prayer and worship
6 }, R( w1 k3 w1 \3 d 21. Delivering symbolic objects
& e: K( |* r/ }4 | 22. Protest disrobings+ t- |& ]+ {- a/ S
23. Destruction of own property
" n- {( l$ _7 y% ?" L9 R 24. Symbolic lights" q4 \$ A1 A3 m; G: E- Q9 _
25. Displays of portraits
6 R6 {+ O2 n. G7 @8 `$ n- M5 V! {& W 26. Paint as protest
' a W: P$ m" _: f5 \$ [ 27. New signs and names0 w8 y- x0 ~5 y8 O4 A n2 L
28. Symbolic sounds
9 P) k% \( {/ ]' n. I2 H 29. Symbolic reclamations: ]2 q4 P& k; C$ R. }
30. Rude gestures
" w: D1 M6 Z! A* `0 z% N# j
w9 f' i: ~/ ^) K3 Y. g! W' G" EPressures on Individuals6 s/ S% G& ^( k, o2 b5 l3 e8 A, {
31. “Haunting” officials
- d" x: a9 y# Z! t 32. Taunting officials
5 P) q, s% S# w. ]% y& D 33. Fraternization
2 k. C0 z& `1 s- l3 ]+ e- Y6 T; P 34. Vigils
/ R. `2 B0 B4 \) a: u8 F% ?6 _/ n* v: q
Drama and Music
1 u7 D) `+ R" u) W! h5 U2 b% y, ]& y 35. Humorous skits and pranks7 F4 b6 ^& K; V. U" r+ ]7 y+ M$ L
36. Performances of plays and music! T' n( I# m& x. K, D) s
37. Singing! P) J6 {1 ?5 I5 j( g
! j$ e# K! n. D- o
Processions4 B4 h: R2 ?- U( B' i. n
38. Marches
$ \. f8 l% y/ y, v; z 39. Parades0 v* n1 Z& K7 R0 l2 I3 R* P
40. Religious processions1 M6 _8 S/ I/ Z% ?* [& U( q
41. Pilgrimages
2 U/ z) z! q$ \ [, D 42. Motorcades, y$ A0 a: B6 c9 w" g
r, Y' O6 e0 IHonoring the Dead
( g, U D4 K, E; C. ^5 Y W! E! |- p 43. Political mourning* a6 P: ?$ A. _. ?9 q# |) P
44. Mock funerals f7 |: a+ L* M$ f+ W9 f N0 C' U
45. Demonstrative funerals
. C/ h- g6 z5 e. t0 M 46. Homage at burial places! k3 a; v4 Y- [" {
1 L# N2 V1 ?9 ^; T5 q8 A a
Public Assemblies
8 _- E" _0 M8 P$ }3 u; ]. r 47. Assemblies of protest or support, P$ b: ^0 D; ?& x9 @( Y
48. Protest meetings: U+ Z& K4 o( k" B
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest. Y1 c! N! r1 C; J+ h0 s
50. Teach-ins
: Y2 L, Q# R5 d1 x; E. f( k
% ?% L+ v/ B7 x% k& Z# fWithdrawal and Renunciation
+ f: n: r' d- {6 q" p 51. Walk-outs& x' j0 |2 \$ d9 T! ?9 H2 O7 }
52. Silence) G; O& t, w( T; P
53. Renouncing honors1 t$ \: r: E/ x7 s P
54. Turning one’s back
+ b2 r/ U' c" i0 D& k2 W6 h3 C
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, t0 ~0 f* U8 K# i8 h* L6 N/ N: a8 C9 w) f+ |# |9 H0 t; k. _
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 _ O: w* d! y3 f% G: @5 t& Z1 z& G+ ]/ M+ z; J# e) m& [& k
' A/ b3 v( z( s' J3 _' c; C# D% o# x* ~) I) m5 _) s; P
Ostracism of Persons
" Z+ M" ~9 d' w5 g8 [+ I; g* K 55. Social boycott! o0 J% k. f. x. `
56. Selective social boycott
) n6 N2 X5 R5 e/ w 57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 j# F" h/ j9 S- ~5 _ 58. Excommunication
9 P9 M# D8 G: s 59. Interdict9 ^6 s) f8 b4 T o( j
: G7 `3 w" o; G0 B: B0 lNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) I/ }8 t; D/ o: Q1 G/ O
60. Suspension of social and sports activities. \$ y6 v' ^) @0 C# `$ e
61. Boycott of social affairs
1 A; [3 L. Z3 q O+ N/ v' Z4 d7 j 62. Student strike
`' G" w/ T4 Z, p7 @& U( W9 B 63. Social disobedience
Q4 j4 G V6 R) q+ [. c 64. Withdrawal from social institutions; o' x i- g: g
5 c, g5 {1 N# w; D- [
Withdrawal from the Social System4 u7 k$ Y% {( U6 A! v" c+ m! {
65. Stay-at-home
3 H; r3 E; X$ f+ |3 ]6 M 66. Total personal noncooperation5 R* N2 y$ }+ V( e& o8 e- I1 G$ F) U
67. “Flight” of workers
, s& Z/ b9 L, g6 E; T 68. Sanctuary
- J9 `+ s; |8 {% T% l 69. Collective disappearance9 l8 V% x2 h3 i1 a. t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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3 o" I5 Y8 F& k: u+ q8 G! o f
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0 W1 [* H" e% T1 HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 k( @% ?2 {: \% p" `; R6 i, x! C
8 e! u2 G4 _* F
1 m& r# Y7 n( }: h4 ^Actions by Consumers' p3 F# ^7 o, e, h8 i; Q( C$ U4 n
71. Consumers’ boycott8 _% {; W% H; s/ Z' m, H6 v
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 i( \ E$ u+ g. m 73. Policy of austerity
8 n9 y1 k) _8 K, n, Y 74. Rent withholding
E7 o# `3 B \. V; L* g 75. Refusal to rent' b. j, x8 p+ W8 \- ]
76. National consumers’ boycott
# D0 ?$ n0 N- H& j 77. International consumers’ boycott, G% h0 b/ N/ N7 X; d3 F
$ ^3 e: s ^$ w! e& e" t* s9 r/ ]Action by Workers and Producers5 Z/ [( q! o, u& {
78. Workmen’s boycott/ S7 ?3 |7 E; `; Z+ c: o8 F
79. Producers’ boycott5 X/ E$ g+ @4 o0 ~ h# {
5 h4 Z" r o$ P6 U
Action by Middlemen
) i6 w) s$ w, Z& _2 B$ a/ [" }2 N 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 D& x8 f P. f/ l) f5 R, a( I# i1 t* {5 L4 U6 c& {0 C) m
Action by Owners and Management# l; {7 y/ D) [: `" s
81. Traders’ boycott; d& Z" A- X& v
82. Refusal to let or sell property8 L6 Q9 ^5 b( ^
83. Lockout$ w3 g( f" j4 H( r C. X# k
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: v. u Q! v7 x) k 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 ~* j6 D) R, r$ Y- Z4 P' ?0 P$ O) l, e& w/ R7 `* _* p
Action by Holders of Financial Resources) {# w U0 A2 J% W c8 c% e
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits4 Y/ }! v# _" P
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ e* I* H6 H: x/ r1 L; H+ c
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 {- X' Q- G3 P" _6 [ 89. Severance of funds and credit7 ~5 h- I* V. I! M2 i, `& p @
90. Revenue refusal' l! ^! D7 J2 s7 p3 }3 O2 w) M" g
91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 V$ A. I0 Q. g) G8 E4 k ~9 d. s
Action by Governments$ Y, ?, ?" s6 ^ ]0 n- X
92. Domestic embargo7 Y- m5 O& i$ t6 `' i
93. Blacklisting of traders
! F! V8 y$ B# p; c/ g 94. International sellers’ embargo
) V/ D* V$ A1 @9 s) T+ ? 95. International buyers’ embargo8 j/ L. N' G2 i5 c
96. International trade embargo
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3 j5 r* f3 W# r0 c& Y6 Y
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/ X1 P! n% m5 M5 N/ x$ pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
! ]2 Z, c7 v- q/ s3 \" _* ?; f3 N, Y+ _* @
- E5 S9 N4 ~% H3 p2 v1 x v# Z
Symbolic Strikes
0 } H5 p) r Y. h S% {" X7 u 97. Protest strike- M9 M7 ?) T1 ^' R0 ^" V! l
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 H R' C3 [1 E5 _5 R p
2 i3 u" {" Q) A7 f& b# Q) D5 DAgricultural Strikes
' T( N* u, g) |% L7 K9 N0 y 99. Peasant strike. i4 ?) R3 t3 W/ o2 O
100. Farm Workers’ strike
! x7 u( {3 l; X, a$ x" [- ?! R: o0 S; C& |
Strikes by Special Groups& O3 z; ]" v' S! }- K
101. Refusal of impressed labor' v% Q. W; k9 K" x
102. Prisoners’ strike/ a6 r5 Q1 C; b0 O @- s2 R9 a
103. Craft strike
% g+ Y9 v7 D% M% \" K7 v 104. Professional strike) t) ]4 C& g- Z+ k; l4 U
6 q0 K! c m: T3 J7 C6 R
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 [# o$ E2 q0 y 105. Establishment strike
& q6 m7 `3 K. B- u 106. Industry strike) `9 {- i1 ~4 a/ {
107. Sympathetic strike' ~/ B" m) a- |. Q
* ]5 S9 d9 w! V4 `8 j" p" a, t: |Restricted Strikes Z- m8 y. C8 L7 W" d h
108. Detailed strike
9 x0 w% C+ a3 b! } 109. Bumper strike z; x$ p" p; O, b3 |4 b! Y
110. Slowdown strike
6 K) V, B' z3 f9 C) ]0 v 111. Working-to-rule strike
4 _+ D8 b3 L+ w" ~* j 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 q* z4 E9 Q( J" f* m 113. Strike by resignation- g1 j; @# ^2 a S6 m4 s
114. Limited strike
& x8 s* a% T# c0 L, z3 J% W0 q) ^. {- K 115. Selective strike
5 l8 M& h H2 ]' ~) Y6 P8 K
7 c' F* k6 ^; d K6 _- `Multi-Industry Strikes' [) h' \# y0 u l/ B
7 l7 Y7 S& q/ ^0 O/ h; e Q' B 116. Generalized strike- j1 D3 G4 [' n: s$ a
' m3 B+ M6 ^! u, U 117. General strike
# `" S1 k) L4 s$ c' ^+ o
* v+ F; f6 Q6 F* |/ wCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ F8 O( ~" |7 D
! L$ q! T3 c Q8 A4 n 118. Hartal
% _ ~9 J- Q& \0 G0 l$ [+ Z# A M1 L" @
119. Economic shutdown u/ g3 P, i7 U
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: _+ ~1 G$ x) D- z7 _8 YTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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' u4 N* m; R* l$ U1 rRejection of Authority
4 U9 r9 O) `! y$ d. q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 A7 g" [6 p7 y+ e" a 121. Refusal of public support
: p3 [0 `9 G: w 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( A$ w w! @- i+ z8 O+ L- n
: w7 j2 ~% o$ w) c6 ~
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 m4 E: I; ?" U8 x( \# d0 N% T* ?
123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 ~. k. ]* w. W' N& L8 s
124. Boycott of elections
' [8 [0 N/ [. j' N) `, j' Y 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; h; m# l2 K1 ]4 C0 n/ i7 F 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' ~0 m1 y/ i& E' d. E( @
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% u+ I5 y0 I+ E. l1 j- F; i 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ ]; p1 p9 L2 D) \! \ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( X6 i8 `) d* y& O! L$ } 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& X3 `2 ^ y% z3 f. k9 m& y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 w n0 b+ O' z5 b3 D4 Q5 e* v5 U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 h$ E6 \* a. o, K/ x- C0 ?
3 z0 K/ I2 j$ M# T
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
2 X: p- Y4 k& L9 ] 133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 u6 d$ n {" R+ G
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# ]: i, L [, v* |; _6 s1 s 135. Popular nonobedience, u Z. B' ^6 M2 O" N% `
136. Disguised disobedience! Q" u. u; E9 \( J) m
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
i6 |7 u) F. [; i* e4 a* w ?% { 138. Sitdown0 }2 N5 _* W: S0 x
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 M* z3 l: B& }3 a- U# P9 ~ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" }& {& v9 Q2 Q: |, m' S6 q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ V# W) `( e! F" O0 [+ E% Y* w
7 p U7 L. \0 { s3 S# ?Action by Government Personnel' z" p6 s7 [. b- {) u1 s
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- q6 t2 _) ^( v8 X4 Z2 _
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ C: h4 w) i- E# M0 E9 T- N1 s 144. Stalling and obstruction; T0 ]9 C& o' O# S8 k7 [
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 u3 o8 @+ m8 X/ l. H
e% Y! q% H( i 146. Judicial noncooperation
/ Y# B0 p' X" u( n- W1 P6 C+ y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: {; g+ b9 y t2 {2 y* W
148. Mutiny# J4 F! K. f; H& p) W6 W5 r4 _
Domestic Governmental Action3 _- Q" H" P; C/ P( ]
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) v' B4 m; w a4 Z6 |- s% ?! ?. L, \' Z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 h- J! T9 r) ` w
# _: g8 Y2 _, q$ I* t5 m! ^! BInternational Governmental Action' f* q) e; z6 z9 G- d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 T& q& K3 \# D9 N
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; L4 D; k0 [" `7 K- q) Z+ f 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! a4 U* y |! C+ w! _0 A+ E! D0 R
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' b: C, ~4 b$ v5 I. L1 k7 j 155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ R8 O) A( H5 s( X8 `: @7 |% n/ w- m
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, o: F8 A! Q$ n0 h; |
157. Expulsion from international organizations k ?6 B1 j. X! z) C5 n
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 W3 C# R; z1 r$ `. Y/ c" o" a
4 Q' I; w* z' X
$ Q+ \: d6 G% `* x: \) c2 cPsychological Intervention
, e! h8 n0 t' c u0 x' ~ 158. Self-exposure to the elements4 R6 [& V& X9 N
159. The fast
7 s0 d: Q, d; e a) Fast of moral pressure, e c4 t2 j1 u
b) Hunger strike1 ^2 b% P5 E: ~. T$ F
c) Satyagrahic fast
4 K$ ~/ M( f- w8 T# j 160. Reverse trial' d; c1 J2 Q# G3 O9 S& d% F. ?
161. Nonviolent harassment# d n& t& D% ~+ F' n
9 t4 [1 x$ q, x8 ?Physical Intervention$ O" b8 }. Z) a( A$ Y [! w8 o$ |
162. Sit-in' _. i/ }7 K d
163. Stand-in( n, v0 w n, T8 X& E8 o k. k
164. Ride-in0 V5 o2 p1 Y1 _% d: s' L/ c
165. Wade-in& c/ n* n+ ~/ x {
166. Mill-in# X( I, Z; g. _, i
167. Pray-in
: m( c% y$ O" y 168. Nonviolent raids. Z w) f$ T1 I5 Q+ f
169. Nonviolent air raids
/ ~+ B. c$ K. e& a' K- X 170. Nonviolent invasion
$ [7 G% [% T9 D+ d 171. Nonviolent interjection
1 [) X V4 N9 |4 u2 t& t 172. Nonviolent obstruction. g: R# r3 s/ }% H8 r6 g9 S. c
173. Nonviolent occupation
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8 D) u+ `+ ]0 M; kSocial Intervention
9 M7 F$ P% E1 R! N# o3 T* ` 174. Establishing new social patterns
0 x. r% ]% y& _ 175. Overloading of facilities
$ ^6 r- c: R4 b5 ]2 o0 Y, Z 176. Stall-in
7 s c& Y% w& }$ r 177. Speak-in/ j1 x) b' A, r V. c) f' e
178. Guerrilla theater, i* T6 z2 e( E1 k
179. Alternative social institutions
! \6 t m9 E% n 180. Alternative communication system
! W7 H. F6 [6 _# E- @
~' @2 O; Y$ E4 BEconomic Intervention+ g" O& r. v' q, v7 Z( Z& ^
181. Reverse strike+ j3 Q/ I& g( v; W* F
182. Stay-in strike" N0 i; e/ O" ^8 v j4 g1 F
183. Nonviolent land seizure
& a) w5 [& W. R7 k# z1 x( U! c 184. Defiance of blockades" S) k+ b" p. t0 ^/ P. s0 T( T. g
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! {& e" `- Y# ], k1 }5 @; T* ]
186. Preclusive purchasing- j, p2 W! u6 P8 E% j) A
187. Seizure of assets
' f# M( K- i/ L) {& U7 D 188. Dumping: F: W. _- m7 d8 d
189. Selective patronage- u. C* k/ \! a6 F
190. Alternative markets4 x; Q% ?" n9 c% v1 z1 [
191. Alternative transportation systems: l" d) G3 i0 e( ?1 \6 F, L
192. Alternative economic institutions/ [! h( T7 K3 i' i; o, A5 ^
2 [& q& t/ a+ }$ z/ _
Political Intervention
) k4 N/ u- l; E; v" r( e7 T 193. Overloading of administrative systems
z# R( g" o$ F: S$ B! n8 b 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- j e2 ]# p. W
195. Seeking imprisonment
" N( F4 q6 b, R9 i+ C! \+ r; h 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 k1 |" d9 e! H
197. Work-on without collaboration
3 h/ `: ~# e' h8 E7 ?% q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
0 z8 z9 d4 ~4 x$ `6 X% \$ m/ `6 U) w; Q' \3 ^6 c
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
