 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 Q8 w! Y& @* f% O; vFormal Statements5 Q$ n- Z+ R8 ~
1. Public Speeches
7 d0 s1 z( j- I4 N' F- W( B 2. Letters of opposition or support' y+ T4 A- V% T; |
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
' V7 Y8 c+ ^6 Y' p 4. Signed public statements) g# {5 }; `# R! o
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. B. `; C/ B5 k1 U. W& i 6. Group or mass petitions3 Y# N# G; V5 t+ }7 w
5 _% u. G3 P' V5 K8 G+ ^- F! X, o2 f& kCommunications with a Wider Audience m9 T$ W, ?) v2 S- o2 J& _# R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
N, N6 m- }( l6 g; n/ G 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: @+ v$ X: E' {6 ]' D9 q+ t' v) J 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 _, H- T2 i) T* F% J) n, n3 m 10. Newspapers and journals# N4 i0 a, r h: T& G1 v% |. g' i
11. Records, radio, and television
4 A9 g0 s+ L0 h- x2 b8 [' P" a 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! a0 Q4 w+ U, y# j/ t, ~7 c0 z) E1 R; h w6 w& r5 F
Group Representations. C+ W/ e# h' v; F. C
13. Deputations
6 A9 Q$ P0 L7 W 14. Mock awards
/ O: X* I8 O. { 15. Group lobbying
, U0 L G/ {: X0 C4 U4 ?* R 16. Picketing+ H0 \3 W/ ], V) w
17. Mock elections/ D" J n% K7 r( w0 @3 F
( T# O4 [1 {* L0 X m3 T+ P, WSymbolic Public Acts7 i. c2 V+ {% s/ o# L
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ w: R8 k1 \3 A0 s" U2 N
19. Wearing of symbols9 m# S% j- b4 j, Z8 z9 m, C
20. Prayer and worship q& x0 y0 l; B0 A: M) ]( M
21. Delivering symbolic objects
, M7 v- R5 w' F1 m# b3 ?, c l 22. Protest disrobings
: x# T, E/ G4 D+ e8 @; \- Z( I% u 23. Destruction of own property
; l3 Y/ G1 s% c# U+ U3 h# c) m Z- F 24. Symbolic lights
D; s3 E$ _3 V: ]- x& ~. k5 b 25. Displays of portraits8 V( U, Y; z7 j# g. |: j
26. Paint as protest! i" [3 Y' Y. i8 f+ W
27. New signs and names3 Y0 I% }* P/ ~; S
28. Symbolic sounds
9 r8 R+ y u3 p' W8 S 29. Symbolic reclamations
, }% q3 r# M" O, O8 U0 G 30. Rude gestures
* s* s8 S2 b+ x5 Y2 z
0 Q# d# ] P$ L lPressures on Individuals6 Y# e/ k. R$ J9 R& z
31. “Haunting” officials
+ O. u8 _" ?4 ]& T 32. Taunting officials
9 w c7 v' r( ]' i! P 33. Fraternization6 D6 \" ?' U8 ^$ { e( R9 l
34. Vigils
8 K; h% a& r" u0 m4 Z5 Q* P
6 g: Q$ f+ Y" u9 P$ SDrama and Music! q, Z& D7 {( e, i: K+ v' ^( a
35. Humorous skits and pranks8 T% Q2 q6 i. n+ Q5 C3 E
36. Performances of plays and music9 t9 }$ B, d- }9 F7 R
37. Singing
) c) u5 r; d/ n% o$ g
2 g& |/ Z# S1 V' d* h4 D5 ?Processions2 p& w. O2 b' z% t e) n* ]" f4 T7 E
38. Marches
0 ~8 ^# [" b# j$ ~, g" L! m 39. Parades
3 L7 p9 b% }) q: M8 O. T/ ^. h 40. Religious processions1 E1 n3 f( G, F1 M" u+ w$ d% Z" T
41. Pilgrimages
3 G# R% ]( r* w! v 42. Motorcades
" V. ]: V& }) O: ?" x, f, {% }
: \0 l& r* ~* U% n( R' M2 oHonoring the Dead
8 \/ M+ o2 G5 Y 43. Political mourning& a$ ^2 o) m5 u( N$ B
44. Mock funerals
" C; v6 V$ z! V; ^ 45. Demonstrative funerals3 ~4 D8 h# \) m8 m9 q1 ~1 Q) a
46. Homage at burial places
+ _0 Q/ T( U, l6 Q. }) u H! ^3 |2 \4 J' B
Public Assemblies3 O( |! ^/ v; _
47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 v, @8 z* u- @ 48. Protest meetings+ H0 b" U* Q) w, J1 g- ~6 h
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# S5 u8 j' E& D) h, N# k 50. Teach-ins- y% O$ M2 h4 N9 x# `1 e! D
: y' }- y) _! |5 s7 ~% E! X6 T
Withdrawal and Renunciation' X5 z3 W5 k: B+ {
51. Walk-outs
" |7 ^) w* W+ U" G4 Q" y0 C 52. Silence) F3 X* Q" ?2 ?, q% i
53. Renouncing honors. B4 h5 e) w9 v) V- F! W# y
54. Turning one’s back0 u1 ^' `8 ~( ?; W
# q0 b+ H' d1 v, }! e& R4 ~# m
1 L+ f* t+ L4 n+ B9 P; u' ]" \8 [
; {+ K" K- ~# @' v0 u' NTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! ]- _ C: P5 N) O. {, ]. g4 b
# X: u8 z) v6 I$ A4 k; U8 [0 j
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1 W+ Z' z. v# D% A( s; g0 m+ oOstracism of Persons8 Z7 @! s: m6 Z: A9 a3 Q( ]& Z
55. Social boycott' l. [1 r% Z0 a5 H5 L! O
56. Selective social boycott
( ]3 n7 S5 f! A) Q% r 57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 f+ \* `% r6 F 58. Excommunication2 s- l! Z: @' Q
59. Interdict, P5 a- x1 t, @. `7 F5 _
9 N- M& s- z! u- j" WNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- v/ L, v! `- i: Z9 d
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! E3 F( @2 R5 i. ?7 E 61. Boycott of social affairs/ {% w* ^# ], x/ W3 M2 S
62. Student strike
. D: u& Z% _7 u9 q0 H6 s 63. Social disobedience
. @6 _2 H G, E 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) f! \, Q0 I, p/ u; G+ s1 g4 G2 }) f+ I2 ]: O! ]$ t# }# P' T
Withdrawal from the Social System) s) X& _! Z( n& u
65. Stay-at-home
) i" I( r1 {7 g2 d5 I j3 f% x 66. Total personal noncooperation+ T. V7 A+ K/ j, M5 y
67. “Flight” of workers
' {( _- a" j' t 68. Sanctuary% c; o: c. w6 P: j
69. Collective disappearance
: R9 F2 H4 U+ J 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ h# q+ v, x/ }9 H8 i( F
5 o0 q4 q1 P; |8 I 2 R3 {% k7 J. X8 f X" }. `
3 A" K1 {; S* N
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 w) |4 k1 K/ c9 j
2 W t6 x7 z+ v % P; D/ e+ p5 ~& V
Actions by Consumers
7 n+ |% M3 b3 t& r0 E5 z 71. Consumers’ boycott
6 m9 C0 c. }( ^! ^% p 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# Z) k' t* \# R1 I! ~
73. Policy of austerity4 ~$ @, [# K' I9 M1 s# U
74. Rent withholding* _2 U( @- k# d& v
75. Refusal to rent% }! ^3 R( Z6 d( s1 q$ g: q5 x
76. National consumers’ boycott: Y, l' i7 i* _; X8 P2 X2 {$ |
77. International consumers’ boycott6 n' q! {( O$ i m% \
4 O3 v+ y4 P& s. ?4 d b/ f
Action by Workers and Producers. Q) n" A7 Q7 v% T: f2 B- R+ \( m
78. Workmen’s boycott
N, k* I! M6 Y6 s. w 79. Producers’ boycott
& J2 @* B0 {: L; O. j, @: I, C! j
) `# C' b1 q( h# A, H* ~5 y" M, ]. [1 cAction by Middlemen
1 q+ L# r! A U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# ]! l2 L# C5 ?+ E% W
. {; s9 J- n& {% r: _7 gAction by Owners and Management+ S0 b) h0 X; q& {
81. Traders’ boycott
: A c c4 o$ E6 u$ i) [7 O 82. Refusal to let or sell property
$ v; Q/ v) |$ u9 |" {( R/ | 83. Lockout9 l8 P+ Y& Z3 e9 R
84. Refusal of industrial assistance y; i y! N- p8 w$ i
85. Merchants’ “general strike” k3 H$ F& S. v5 a: ]2 [
/ H! Q; D2 l5 ZAction by Holders of Financial Resources1 ]' l8 ~& e! J7 s, K3 s& [
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 p) f3 Q. H1 } M. W* ^2 @. { 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( n) {6 s& {9 X6 g 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# I! G9 | L: b3 V8 Z% A
89. Severance of funds and credit! L( R1 e& Y" W4 c! w4 N f
90. Revenue refusal5 ~* P* f+ d7 C
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 B; |) c/ F5 Z' m2 A5 o1 R
5 V6 R' A4 M5 t2 C- zAction by Governments
, [* I! ]! q* H8 y+ T 92. Domestic embargo
- H8 o. u* M2 X! ?8 e 93. Blacklisting of traders- {4 k. L/ X! i% O2 f* v) t
94. International sellers’ embargo
7 N# g" G- m* f( _$ y" n 95. International buyers’ embargo
D1 X t' T7 S' C9 f 96. International trade embargo3 S; e9 N9 G* _0 @+ b# D
. f- Y2 L, U, X2 j
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
4 A* N' d) N8 l0 H( N, j* l( V+ a: [! H( \
% V2 w% s2 [- V, I
Symbolic Strikes
* }% k; l/ F' J2 K" z 97. Protest strike( b% u1 t, c* m
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# D) Q) v3 K" E ?2 H/ ~
, Q2 R9 k7 g2 |Agricultural Strikes, r% z5 @. n1 G( g$ [( B. Q7 c
99. Peasant strike
. g) h9 @8 f/ H) j2 G! C3 t 100. Farm Workers’ strike j; G: r3 G- d& N
+ n$ M" y3 i0 L! i* Y" o4 vStrikes by Special Groups
& h# H. I* A7 w9 n 101. Refusal of impressed labor
# _: _7 q3 P1 `' ?7 U( v 102. Prisoners’ strike8 n4 {4 D) i& D7 \( y# s
103. Craft strike
$ T5 w( R5 ^& Q* a5 I: ~ 104. Professional strike
. X( d0 U! n }, g' r+ Z3 w' D8 X! W- {$ O! L% x$ {7 s
Ordinary Industrial Strikes, i( @$ V( m! \5 X7 [: B% @9 ~
105. Establishment strike% x7 e* w8 m! L
106. Industry strike; ?; Q$ e* V$ F# K" [4 l& u
107. Sympathetic strike
1 {' U5 I4 @5 ~1 l, e5 x/ b
' i0 u( L3 S, e/ D; jRestricted Strikes( W0 _, @+ L* V, O' N6 E
108. Detailed strike1 \" L5 I- e4 L. J' k2 \3 d, s
109. Bumper strike" [% H9 v% m0 j/ }
110. Slowdown strike' Y) N& z; N) O% n7 K. T
111. Working-to-rule strike
) l4 u1 p3 O( o. { 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; D& }' [/ J; ~( f6 _5 t; B 113. Strike by resignation$ A8 n& x3 n3 j2 n4 t3 w3 b
114. Limited strike! j+ d# A& w5 [( u* e v: x
115. Selective strike# n+ T3 I7 R$ f5 Z
2 T" {# ~. \7 c6 t4 R
Multi-Industry Strikes
8 ^0 F0 A- l* J7 h( B7 X9 H$ p5 Z4 ~1 _+ y, A& h% Y
116. Generalized strike
# i4 P( d! J* z. |( h: N( ?
+ n) q9 ~- F3 p5 { 117. General strike0 d$ X+ g4 ~3 h' T' `
, X* G- {7 j" ACombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% u0 z3 ~3 B5 j, c' G" I' X
" k$ m# c( g Z( @5 x# s 118. Hartal
; I, N4 ~; `* H$ v
$ n8 W- ~( ]* ~" f 119. Economic shutdown
$ d1 [9 D# f2 K( M8 L3 ^1 g& n, q( D: K/ |6 s4 V; y2 Z: e
* S7 X" |) X5 P! s
; e3 a, c R4 a- _) @THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 Y& h/ D" M4 }7 L
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6 a9 \3 N4 F7 [2 E$ l9 G
Rejection of Authority; ^( H9 \0 a( M8 |
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance3 a8 G! i* O# M6 W* I* t
121. Refusal of public support R9 f( C* f$ d) A
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
! _# E2 U" q9 ^$ r
2 y1 k1 |" P/ [! W* v7 f3 K" YCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 Z) c7 E6 K2 J1 ~2 M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# o. g, p4 g0 U4 X. m- M 124. Boycott of elections
3 w2 z; R1 U3 l) M( H 125. Boycott of government employment and positions7 K. [2 Z" e) ^, y2 l
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, G& k8 t6 ^3 }9 J# K
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ A( t) v, Z. w 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 y( B/ W6 J; | b
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' w$ Z$ d4 l) N 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 C8 V: i$ b# B3 r- a8 n 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 x3 U+ l( ]: X: G; M2 M
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) f1 T2 } l% I0 s* q5 A" T) D
) I8 N- _8 m4 F1 ^$ k
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 c8 p; x$ y( A3 d
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, W \- `3 c2 u, F0 y3 Y4 k, Y% p: T, C 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% D0 Z! I& y$ c' }
135. Popular nonobedience* s3 H( e+ r) O" l" @: I
136. Disguised disobedience. P4 A7 V( `' c( ^5 A$ H0 V* p
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse* R6 ] T/ W- i- S
138. Sitdown
1 F& r( J7 T: J$ I! f# ^ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation h. B R; s7 u9 \6 l6 p
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities3 O- `# Q. y% M/ p7 c) ^
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 e F/ [' B; h7 e
1 T- a' m6 x ?" f/ U7 k
Action by Government Personnel' S# G- E$ q7 }
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 `3 v, j4 a3 s, |, u, `2 Y 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
3 d! _3 D4 f9 ^+ M" { 144. Stalling and obstruction1 @( ]: a. \+ O
145. General administrative noncooperation# Y) s/ s) h- I0 \) Y4 O0 V
7 G Z" d ]5 g: W% q
146. Judicial noncooperation) v' Y+ a! ? z' G* H
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 u6 n' j8 U8 {! Y
148. Mutiny! @5 M3 g* _" g* h, j3 n+ e9 L
Domestic Governmental Action# d; v) E- ^; O4 y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# ~6 E- B: F1 Z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 i# _6 p8 M: h6 w
# h! A: Z) ^5 C0 a/ J( c$ BInternational Governmental Action
- _3 ?, u4 z7 J. B; p0 ? 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 I6 ^2 F7 V! `& R6 _5 u: ~ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 Y5 G% Z5 c0 b3 p ]4 b9 ^' S9 c
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 x4 ?/ c. Y1 Q) t# f 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
# Y# I1 B( ^# J" b. u/ w' i* w 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ Y$ g) I' ^) z6 f9 |' ] 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 ~/ C; p0 D/ b' V
157. Expulsion from international organizations. ~% t% ?: A: h6 s/ w, ^4 d
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
5 M5 M+ v3 e+ Y6 F: t% D6 L
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9 h* l2 u$ Z7 ~- Y+ G- lPsychological Intervention
/ @ n& F% j& {" e6 J% s 158. Self-exposure to the elements3 G! \4 F! ~, j" |2 i" q
159. The fast
0 @& o+ Z! S! x" } a) Fast of moral pressure
( K( O6 b6 S4 n5 n b) Hunger strike0 \9 x0 L- M* Q- p. J. @
c) Satyagrahic fast6 G+ a7 ]& x+ A3 L9 X# O
160. Reverse trial5 N, z0 E' m# E6 c( j/ [# f
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention7 p, }2 y1 h; P: L9 P7 x
162. Sit-in
9 Z' e: s# k! S' S- k; O) X$ u! W 163. Stand-in
; u1 g0 ^' z" `7 Z 164. Ride-in
/ u! p7 R4 K5 A h$ j1 e9 y 165. Wade-in) r* Z3 g4 t9 Y' _& l* R
166. Mill-in* @3 _$ [7 B- L* u: ?* B
167. Pray-in/ o8 t' N' U' J% v
168. Nonviolent raids
% _4 R3 q2 g& G1 ?5 _" a) z 169. Nonviolent air raids
( e- }! G6 X# T! Q7 y! G3 y* a 170. Nonviolent invasion4 d- P$ _( Y& v5 T2 z- u; Z
171. Nonviolent interjection
' m+ a$ B# Z+ b5 x5 m4 h6 G 172. Nonviolent obstruction
6 v* V' g4 Z9 E( L/ S 173. Nonviolent occupation
8 q/ z4 l" i8 z2 Y% d6 U" `; I. q* p8 U
Social Intervention
. W6 B+ M" i; n6 n0 |1 q, W; l 174. Establishing new social patterns
$ I* r) [+ C% Q 175. Overloading of facilities/ v1 U2 g3 g+ X
176. Stall-in
9 @3 I! y) K/ H$ a6 J5 P1 |7 M 177. Speak-in
- t$ U( N# [$ J# T ~ 178. Guerrilla theater
! F( {8 D& i8 A: b- G9 s8 S 179. Alternative social institutions
. X$ x. t6 r+ B) ? 180. Alternative communication system
5 D7 c: J2 g; P; x) @- e$ j) G0 [) D( ~
Economic Intervention
( V/ p2 F. G( d+ C 181. Reverse strike# }; \9 p& d& q- J. ` T |
182. Stay-in strike
* |. T1 b/ R" U$ N) b 183. Nonviolent land seizure* s6 e% ~9 P+ e9 p5 c
184. Defiance of blockades, k* {' v, G5 F4 |" N% T2 _
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 i+ Y1 r _4 Q5 T 186. Preclusive purchasing1 e9 E g% U0 E: B/ K
187. Seizure of assets
. ~4 Q+ f$ \$ T0 P6 m 188. Dumping
3 V7 d- }+ [- G 189. Selective patronage# i6 g# O8 e' q5 E
190. Alternative markets
7 A* ]7 Z7 @/ {, _% A0 N: { 191. Alternative transportation systems
; i( ~3 c- {3 n+ U" w 192. Alternative economic institutions0 n# V* S" {# t6 I5 U" i+ V' q* a
: @' I0 C8 t1 s7 p w+ B) n
Political Intervention- g# V6 S8 ^2 K `- G/ N/ z: ~% b
193. Overloading of administrative systems) ~5 P* N& S: ?
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 ~" ?; {* r( Z. j9 I2 P( F, w! |; w 195. Seeking imprisonment. X' p4 j9 d% z+ m K0 E
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws8 b: |1 c% O2 q, B9 z
197. Work-on without collaboration
% [) c) U( ~0 O+ C) W+ z- A 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
! Y }8 a; k. p2 s* A" W$ r \7 K" L) D9 a0 y
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
