 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
' } h" j2 x8 T5 Q+ |Formal Statements
5 H. H9 t- q4 `" @ 1. Public Speeches
9 c5 ^) `1 @6 } _; Y* s9 _) N0 `: w 2. Letters of opposition or support
# `/ \; L, C% U O 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions H Z3 y, Y, {. M; P8 o" S
4. Signed public statements
2 r- `! Y$ `" i5 O0 ^/ E 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% S5 ~0 s) y8 i5 z; z; c' t7 F9 H 6. Group or mass petitions* S: d, G* E" C
, \* T1 B! U& ~/ O3 i
Communications with a Wider Audience
$ y9 j7 f" I5 F7 |. z, r9 e 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 {+ l3 s; l& m4 j. g$ h- r 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. j8 F: I! r& f) w2 I 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; n8 V4 X) l5 j, t9 ?, w 10. Newspapers and journals% N9 }; M' h0 O. X- ^# X1 U
11. Records, radio, and television
" N7 A0 b6 x; n5 T( J( G 12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 F5 i( W+ e, W$ }/ R
! l$ F' L& L, }' L, b/ M
Group Representations
+ C9 v% M* ~1 X' X3 ? h3 o; ] 13. Deputations
/ C' ?2 q0 w/ G8 R7 @* a% V 14. Mock awards
5 v/ f' Q1 g, j' p 15. Group lobbying; y, j" K# H3 `7 A
16. Picketing$ g# l) i* Z/ a y `$ E* v
17. Mock elections
6 z& h" B/ r+ E. w% ~! m5 E1 }4 z, t+ ^
Symbolic Public Acts
# R5 f& P7 R8 l9 |' z9 V" U- a 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- x+ F% L: ?& P: i' B6 m. L 19. Wearing of symbols
3 v i6 |5 j$ P" d9 B 20. Prayer and worship
8 {6 b! O. _. _" `. F 21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 `4 }- ]# T: ^# o 22. Protest disrobings* C+ A& z' @: j" B9 u, h
23. Destruction of own property
& W4 z3 k$ g7 {& Q1 n1 u0 U 24. Symbolic lights
8 [7 y4 e, P( x" i f: P 25. Displays of portraits% M8 [( C. M: L! i& a& R5 c p- S
26. Paint as protest
0 \4 i, }4 E4 {, d. U& X 27. New signs and names
0 o1 E& K# E5 p7 c/ t. I4 \8 ] 28. Symbolic sounds" m! ?6 A$ ]; I3 }0 b
29. Symbolic reclamations7 Z* H9 Z5 g- e0 N7 J
30. Rude gestures
, |+ F& k/ Z" M+ j/ ~' N
5 C3 |. J! V& H BPressures on Individuals! \, G) Q( g% ^/ i
31. “Haunting” officials
8 [* A8 u: d' H4 f& }5 L 32. Taunting officials
; c5 q" o& E& h. v& V2 j 33. Fraternization6 P7 i. I7 v2 f2 z% [8 S
34. Vigils
/ h- Z" f. ]# Q: g+ l ?; F9 G
% F; y" N" q1 C- tDrama and Music3 v7 t. P" E" q' Y1 {: p
35. Humorous skits and pranks
' z0 L4 E* l, G& m8 V 36. Performances of plays and music0 [/ ~0 Y! {9 G: N+ f
37. Singing
: T q+ s* D3 B; Q& P0 B3 i* H! W+ {- g
Processions( C$ x6 w' M" E
38. Marches
" G* B: j6 D3 C 39. Parades
0 p3 G) S1 D, R( i+ I# t6 [ 40. Religious processions
' d E& w0 p# f! N" |3 G4 M: G 41. Pilgrimages' G5 E( S6 n" m8 S1 O9 H8 D
42. Motorcades9 y# ]9 c/ B/ v6 V, Y b
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Honoring the Dead' Z4 M% r6 O8 Y# g
43. Political mourning
! Z. t+ U, h% J9 o6 L* w7 O& I. T/ r 44. Mock funerals$ b" [1 N0 o1 r$ R* `7 V
45. Demonstrative funerals
: Z C: X& D# G' t6 r! Z" V 46. Homage at burial places
# n8 h4 G) `7 y0 ~, O) n1 c' s& L. c& E+ x2 D, e
Public Assemblies
3 f. S, c3 k6 F' Q' w- A 47. Assemblies of protest or support& B; T8 p |. |* E
48. Protest meetings4 h) }7 I% @! \, _
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 x, ]9 S, a; [' c1 ~. a+ b 50. Teach-ins* ]5 ]. |6 S* I' o3 {2 p& A
5 X0 }% I, D2 Y3 I! k
Withdrawal and Renunciation2 G- K8 B- {+ |1 [
51. Walk-outs, B8 a+ V( Q2 K* |/ [" `( Z
52. Silence
/ h& s& |! F6 f0 A. R4 S& H 53. Renouncing honors
' U" Q8 v8 ]1 P# z6 { 54. Turning one’s back
- n" Y4 Q9 } ^- U6 q: _0 b& F7 H% S9 D: E+ F* [1 |9 R
; ]0 w3 _1 C5 f7 N1 t' a
' s; O0 ` m7 V+ m! ~0 @THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* M, h" ^4 N I( N6 |
3 M6 s. N7 i, e6 l2 D5 h - N; g) L3 z+ |6 Q R
' L3 C8 k# W) b- R. y- l
Ostracism of Persons( Q5 r. W" ?, u9 i0 D1 q' M
55. Social boycott+ D' D5 X8 r( e
56. Selective social boycott) l- y" ~1 c- I% W* X
57. Lysistratic nonaction. S& P# t2 y1 v* R" G+ i- o7 f
58. Excommunication+ e! |5 q6 P8 b+ c ^
59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 w9 u3 P# c* o# q: W4 T6 Q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 h( q3 P( r! M; W6 e 61. Boycott of social affairs, C* r E7 P+ L, Z
62. Student strike- o2 V ~% H: {
63. Social disobedience+ ^4 O+ G9 y0 Z6 v } M
64. Withdrawal from social institutions! ^* Y9 b5 H6 C' D* B% ?
) K q( b& ]/ n5 M7 l2 M U$ ]Withdrawal from the Social System
1 D/ _" u+ b6 E- `+ w# P 65. Stay-at-home
. C1 g' u. X. J) y- w6 | 66. Total personal noncooperation
# g. m6 R: h. ^* q8 ?5 ` 67. “Flight” of workers
6 g& Y: Y2 f1 k( f r2 |0 A 68. Sanctuary
4 y, X4 m! z c. K# d 69. Collective disappearance
/ s E8 }: ^3 r: {; G2 B! D* J: B9 w# y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& V( u2 ]1 S8 n' }
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5 a/ c2 v% d& s: S* ]8 I$ ^3 VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; |. F- R1 Z+ q, E; W
" z" o) E. z& O- C+ G$ v 0 E- P. t+ u9 t8 Z5 Z' r+ S( Z
Actions by Consumers
# Z% f+ r$ P, }! W9 N# r4 ~6 z# p 71. Consumers’ boycott! d- k @6 ~- i
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- e/ P2 G- W. d E5 E
73. Policy of austerity6 p& J/ |3 W5 @" J. x: Y
74. Rent withholding
' Q; x$ P; T% T) F) u$ O 75. Refusal to rent5 k) f) U) }& h- v2 u0 Y M
76. National consumers’ boycott5 L1 @0 V- I$ @3 n4 |) z# K. O
77. International consumers’ boycott
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) C9 B& b1 U! P$ ]4 t3 N) G* FAction by Workers and Producers8 C5 ]- N% t' O( j2 h5 q4 h2 f- w
78. Workmen’s boycott
* U0 u& Y: S' F 79. Producers’ boycott
% _8 q# S9 ~& |$ F. R% U2 \4 _- R2 I7 j$ E; x
Action by Middlemen; @/ I; W0 t9 Z! G, t: @/ d
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management% f( t9 t( ^, P! f, r: `, M
81. Traders’ boycott
4 o' |! r0 N8 F$ G! @ Q3 |. w: F 82. Refusal to let or sell property
) ~; Q4 l5 K- w: C8 S7 I 83. Lockout
2 j2 \+ |2 }- @, R 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 w P1 ^6 R3 d8 j 85. Merchants’ “general strike”: r/ |9 `& P* O6 }0 z
; a% e# r- V3 y$ TAction by Holders of Financial Resources- O% R9 R! S) t/ B9 c0 `8 G- v
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
- d! ] o3 P' L3 G; W; o8 j 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% _: s) z% f; A( h
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 W @6 {, F+ u5 o
89. Severance of funds and credit
2 t( q1 F8 P$ x8 S& ?. I* ~ 90. Revenue refusal9 `4 i% Z' m6 u- C5 L# X
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
- ]$ b7 u/ A- j 92. Domestic embargo
$ q! C, |+ d5 J$ K0 A 93. Blacklisting of traders
4 ^* H$ F7 }; ?1 j( p1 N 94. International sellers’ embargo
8 A( Z% |3 E. K% e0 | 95. International buyers’ embargo
+ R0 W4 O( X8 i- U, I8 g+ j 96. International trade embargo5 U. b) E1 h A6 L
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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2 I V: G6 L% y7 q- D4 f5 dSymbolic Strikes
1 u# G+ I2 ~. [' ]3 |" W 97. Protest strike3 b& o8 \ }3 L) k3 r" o
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
! j, |- _/ n/ @9 H8 l7 r1 c9 [
. J% s! t0 T- I8 T2 PAgricultural Strikes
6 r. o# N! ~$ _ D$ W( Y 99. Peasant strike
* Z! o' u8 v0 R% y4 h' { 100. Farm Workers’ strike& \; i+ p; Z' b5 o9 ^# G
& Q/ _# R2 A" u( jStrikes by Special Groups
# {( ~* }' S% c. ~( E 101. Refusal of impressed labor+ d! C2 Q- i9 K% I U5 L, m
102. Prisoners’ strike
" u$ G" j9 a. X% v& U) _% S 103. Craft strike ?0 Z! C# h8 L
104. Professional strike
3 Y6 x5 U$ w- H2 l
; g( W a: N6 M) ?* d' fOrdinary Industrial Strikes/ J& N% J) m; N* O" g
105. Establishment strike1 A& Z$ B6 C: [( o% G& L6 W4 u
106. Industry strike/ Y. C ^# M" C0 d; |& N
107. Sympathetic strike L: S b' V! W$ k- u
4 A7 W4 y6 v& l) n
Restricted Strikes
* x- T4 O, d$ X7 {1 U 108. Detailed strike& h4 e8 l" T# u2 N" P8 R' o
109. Bumper strike
l3 y' B' B9 U 110. Slowdown strike, X7 N2 v9 d: m1 v. ~3 ~
111. Working-to-rule strike7 ?" d& l& }5 S; P9 ~5 G) D
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)( y8 P/ K9 i+ s5 c
113. Strike by resignation
) d' i8 ? {2 m' w: t 114. Limited strike' q) `. F6 i1 i$ H) t. {
115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
# S7 {3 O' F% k. S. A3 ^ G- x& v9 q9 u, l: e
116. Generalized strike3 b, U! v2 ?! |8 H0 @
) g% p9 S6 F+ ]( n; d 117. General strike# T4 C% N& h) \
5 T, R7 \) U5 hCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 v& ^/ R6 S$ }( p( F
/ o8 [# k6 ?& g h1 m. m3 {
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 K6 p% L' ]* D; _+ g3 R, e
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Rejection of Authority
3 r- _) A4 d7 m7 c( M9 g 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& h; {+ G4 I) B" B) o' z 121. Refusal of public support: _+ W( }0 ]+ m+ b( |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
# `" I6 z2 A7 {2 ?4 D0 S9 u+ e! `8 W- U7 y6 w" j: t7 {
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 U* t7 y4 M7 w* Q5 v8 E
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: q8 A: H" b8 Q6 M- ` 124. Boycott of elections
! S2 E' }5 Z" O4 f, ?( m& e 125. Boycott of government employment and positions: B; g/ i- U/ o) }. n+ ~
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. X5 h6 ]% g2 O& Y/ l; z3 t. F4 X
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- ]# B5 P0 C- T0 u9 s& g7 R
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" D* U) f+ ]- I8 V6 l2 Z: ^; e 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 ~9 n; g# r# `/ V# G* c3 H! t
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 }& @; x8 X$ @( W2 X x' @
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" b0 S& V3 l: d$ V4 G' M9 W
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 F& l% f. t! Z. Q5 e
; }) S; H4 d$ w4 I# s+ CCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; w- h Q) }: `+ G) l 133. Reluctant and slow compliance: w0 v% L+ ^6 U1 R& E$ j; |
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- G- m1 O" j0 s2 n0 }
135. Popular nonobedience
8 `! u0 F! ~( i5 J t5 G3 Y 136. Disguised disobedience/ L T/ u9 O: O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse x; R; [- y7 N2 D8 [2 F3 w9 V
138. Sitdown
$ O" \$ p" Y. f; Y" S+ [9 R6 E& S 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% X* o& s, ]# [' i
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 r& o. z, u9 S( E% P9 D3 D0 m 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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e& K2 F& ], r. rAction by Government Personnel
( B$ F- x. A3 C8 s 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 \" m" s+ ?7 }" n' V* J! m& m
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# V, I* }2 J! O+ _1 W5 \: O7 g 144. Stalling and obstruction
3 C' T% N/ Y& Q: d& V2 u; s6 B 145. General administrative noncooperation
2 x% B7 B* b8 K/ N0 [' m
" b6 c7 R$ H! h& `3 J6 T( R! V4 i7 i 146. Judicial noncooperation
6 A7 D9 e1 l) j9 s/ L, V 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
: M f/ l% A, l5 _ C2 V% ]0 n 148. Mutiny; }- G8 ^, J' \
Domestic Governmental Action3 o+ o0 w) D2 p/ d
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 s3 w$ T3 q8 j 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& ^+ @4 W/ W w0 m% p4 m( H. @& Z/ q t6 E( K
International Governmental Action- {, c# }0 u! b4 e! f
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' O8 u0 \. {# v C 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 ^0 F7 f2 o5 P7 h ^- h 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition- u J" s% N; }0 }0 G
154. Severance of diplomatic relations& ~: M0 Y& W' `" o1 U8 D
155. Withdrawal from international organizations& E: j* n" w% x5 V+ h3 C1 K) R: Q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 a" A9 k+ Q$ I) z 157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 s' Y! d& T; X6 v" k/ w9 E2 a) i- e& f. \9 F- r% L0 L
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8 r, z* i' I8 M" J YTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! Q7 W! s2 o D6 e5 n# i. k
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Psychological Intervention
% }1 K( o6 p2 { U 158. Self-exposure to the elements; g0 q# x7 \" y9 u& j
159. The fast! Q1 E' b2 `7 k; m# j
a) Fast of moral pressure8 q* n9 F& X+ [4 B3 K; y7 w
b) Hunger strike
) z1 k0 j; T" a. c0 l9 q c) Satyagrahic fast/ Z' }% p! }* n: ^! r0 P( r, c
160. Reverse trial
( s1 F$ x, i. ~. H% n 161. Nonviolent harassment( p, ^9 m8 v! @3 y
8 R5 K: M5 S; ?- C
Physical Intervention
3 v- s3 d* z# n; k7 D3 U 162. Sit-in
2 [: j' e) Q+ l8 D$ A. o 163. Stand-in
; P: _* |0 g: _/ q* e! A- v 164. Ride-in
: C6 {1 c9 n' B& E* S" ~+ a 165. Wade-in
( Q4 r& U2 c3 P 166. Mill-in$ J/ h# Q+ L( V9 G" n- J
167. Pray-in0 u& t' N' u3 H4 Q5 R* V
168. Nonviolent raids; a* t, D7 ^. ~. e# O
169. Nonviolent air raids7 {! }/ L3 m+ k4 l4 V: j" l: |
170. Nonviolent invasion
; D$ Q, L# r- D- P6 Q 171. Nonviolent interjection: |; g2 D! }' ~3 J8 X
172. Nonviolent obstruction
) a+ m: A; }8 e1 r0 C 173. Nonviolent occupation& M \; ~$ r5 h
9 v; H; ?8 x9 ^# \3 ~" U' h# z( zSocial Intervention5 Z: P& |! w' ~( `
174. Establishing new social patterns
$ A# K! i+ s$ a+ v" F/ B3 ? A 175. Overloading of facilities* p5 a, e$ ~9 X# [/ _) z
176. Stall-in- i: D2 P R- F
177. Speak-in5 |7 ], c+ {: |( l" J C6 n0 M2 ^
178. Guerrilla theater
) w, d3 I0 Z% o4 ~% A& R 179. Alternative social institutions9 G9 g$ P; r2 _2 L. x( f
180. Alternative communication system0 X& ^) \* a- ^+ l/ ]. Z, c7 ]
5 ?) j: X) d% _) mEconomic Intervention
O8 g; G; X# T 181. Reverse strike- M# C0 L, C7 ^- ?( P. g1 S {
182. Stay-in strike
, m6 V. N7 E7 f9 K7 g" ~# d6 G 183. Nonviolent land seizure9 [( P9 D8 [/ j0 w( {
184. Defiance of blockades( m" L9 z' w" [4 |
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# O0 u K3 f% x
186. Preclusive purchasing5 {9 d) p4 I" r% [' C" d
187. Seizure of assets* w1 G* o7 i* o. D/ F2 y
188. Dumping# g7 D9 C; E9 C
189. Selective patronage
, o! c( n- P; a) J" D8 V 190. Alternative markets
8 G1 H$ Y" `% m8 n. V( P c 191. Alternative transportation systems- m$ s& h9 Y6 O+ J8 I
192. Alternative economic institutions# b' [8 O# R. o4 m. Z: l4 B- h
- {2 P, W& y# q! K7 cPolitical Intervention8 P* s, e* L- D. I
193. Overloading of administrative systems
# D* ~$ {- B: E, Q, S2 ]3 L 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 ^8 ~0 g: p+ m! D
195. Seeking imprisonment9 x% P" F% P; U6 }+ [
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# |* F; I m: O6 H6 f
197. Work-on without collaboration; y m* N. q8 `. e5 o. m+ n( c
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
