 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( a% Z- B E$ C1 s2 dFormal Statements0 F4 i3 M6 t3 G" j; W2 y" o3 m6 q
1. Public Speeches
0 @$ d$ b$ C" y 2. Letters of opposition or support. J6 l# z3 Y, ~% K8 i
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* K' |6 V( k& m" x# Z, N! _ 4. Signed public statements
' h, X# W) `% X$ g; {& _ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ A" h1 ]4 K( U1 s3 m' C8 L4 Z
6. Group or mass petitions" P; i7 o8 ?1 m0 t J
: G1 N2 l+ K: F" H6 _. dCommunications with a Wider Audience4 f# E% {$ y* `0 r d
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
0 S. \9 |( L, Z. s 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# N# p4 f# Y+ I6 a
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 O9 q9 j- c' G w& e0 O u 10. Newspapers and journals
. E2 O! x* ^( X9 { 11. Records, radio, and television ?8 I$ ~& f- L) W0 q" D1 @
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' j8 Q* O2 j9 {( u# i4 _
; f' o4 I6 r! S$ @Group Representations1 X. A5 i0 |/ l5 a
13. Deputations6 ], Q9 p- L& Q e+ g+ ]* k
14. Mock awards
: Z& K, {( S3 ^* s$ l 15. Group lobbying( J' x' M! Z `$ |+ F" I7 N
16. Picketing
. j+ Y, e5 I9 X. w 17. Mock elections
% \6 ?3 f) ]. ] Z# G5 p$ s" z' H C' c" B5 t6 {" P
Symbolic Public Acts' Z0 w* c# m* X( u1 P
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ V, u; n" W$ v8 ]
19. Wearing of symbols
, ^; u2 t; R D. U) M7 l 20. Prayer and worship% L0 n& S' H; S
21. Delivering symbolic objects+ t4 j I4 K5 u9 W) _2 [
22. Protest disrobings" X% c* L* z( Q7 J2 M% f: q0 u
23. Destruction of own property
% `$ a) l5 e) m+ J) G& t8 g4 e 24. Symbolic lights
4 X( ]3 j) w% t. L/ { 25. Displays of portraits7 x' Z$ J0 Q9 s5 q9 {" v
26. Paint as protest
8 s; g6 ^* c8 T9 S9 R' n 27. New signs and names
8 y3 J& R6 [" m% ]9 r5 O 28. Symbolic sounds+ g9 b- M% \. u) Q/ U* G
29. Symbolic reclamations
# K0 x1 Y; `1 ]0 f- S 30. Rude gestures
" \# n+ Q% _* ~. W
i" c4 A- }( F% O& f rPressures on Individuals
2 X; u* v+ H7 ?- S) \' G+ G 31. “Haunting” officials z% w; |6 o$ c2 Q4 J9 @! N3 l2 Y
32. Taunting officials/ B- L0 D3 p# |9 ^% [
33. Fraternization7 h7 [) j7 S; G* ?3 j- ?
34. Vigils
5 Q- s) Z) a9 G9 l1 Z! P( w
$ L' V$ P# z. h& f$ XDrama and Music
/ q, A+ p6 q" q# f' j 35. Humorous skits and pranks
! y5 s! X" R; `; m3 f" _- v! S 36. Performances of plays and music
5 j; [& `4 r) Y+ V7 S: a R0 V 37. Singing4 n0 ~+ Y3 p+ `+ f- g
( u9 s" J2 J: n1 W/ u" n( s3 o0 ?
Processions
, B# V" K: N& @ 38. Marches2 S4 @! e6 v7 W5 ?
39. Parades
+ `8 ^- j+ K5 \8 N0 |! k; U3 f 40. Religious processions
* t& E1 `$ P# F8 @9 }5 ]8 ^ 41. Pilgrimages
/ ` u. n7 ^2 P0 A( l8 ^6 O, y 42. Motorcades
6 T5 l) A* B& G. y y7 ]! H5 `8 B" y0 E
Honoring the Dead
1 e% r6 r! p3 N5 p+ P 43. Political mourning
7 ]: |, b9 @# I" p! P 44. Mock funerals
0 l6 x; S$ _; B1 f 45. Demonstrative funerals
7 T3 S3 {. S* p X 46. Homage at burial places
$ M6 v1 [; N3 z9 r% f8 i; z) |
$ k2 {" p. N5 qPublic Assemblies$ M. s/ Y# U) @; F. d
47. Assemblies of protest or support
! n! B$ h7 h: z1 N 48. Protest meetings
1 r, k6 n5 Q+ j1 j5 @) {; f$ y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- k. d1 t: X& ?: [& x+ q0 d; I. H
50. Teach-ins
( L q* Y: M' o9 A `/ c, ^8 a/ R# i2 g% G- f* E
Withdrawal and Renunciation4 O5 t) W6 g, E
51. Walk-outs7 a( a7 c q6 d8 i* s# T' m/ A0 I
52. Silence! A [1 I' p. q$ L8 f
53. Renouncing honors. N) G6 e* f* r& C; Y
54. Turning one’s back
8 A( k( M8 n2 f4 T0 v" S
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION \3 e, l. B0 g# a" g, m
+ \% l0 Q( k, h + B- [. A- g% g9 j
) f5 d3 l9 E- b4 ]1 f3 x5 h5 W' H
Ostracism of Persons
9 D! V* ^ Y5 u5 d 55. Social boycott: X& l0 q2 j5 i; m) }, D
56. Selective social boycott, `3 f9 |/ y- M' i# L3 q! K8 Z
57. Lysistratic nonaction
2 X$ W o: t) H- V0 s. n 58. Excommunication/ {5 x, d2 @( L: q% l1 k
59. Interdict
$ f) B* m% M. j/ ^( _1 l" n3 R& @* O
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 w/ e7 p9 ?: ?; u8 J
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; y) _* `7 Y5 _# p4 B5 ^; e 61. Boycott of social affairs* |! u0 ~9 [# |2 ~, d
62. Student strike2 u3 [5 M. _8 @# S% X1 `
63. Social disobedience4 A0 ]! [: `5 e6 z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) p q. z, c) q
4 E0 ?8 n" F3 C8 E, U
Withdrawal from the Social System. y4 J7 u3 p$ r! @
65. Stay-at-home) ~! b8 _0 s' u9 `% M. S- |; H
66. Total personal noncooperation" X2 n4 y$ I& l: w# k
67. “Flight” of workers2 H/ z" K5 \7 Q8 v0 Q; f
68. Sanctuary
[* i7 j% A+ w# c 69. Collective disappearance
& t, F" l. v! a7 p 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 ]. ?& J6 h ^( r7 T
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7 ^+ U0 a8 j, R( x! U* W" @5 jTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
# f G \7 E8 P& ?: t& T3 t. V; }( w3 ^$ W
1 m; f4 `" m3 C% N- D
Actions by Consumers
5 n/ u. t' X$ m1 F, z 71. Consumers’ boycott) u( n3 R6 r+ V5 ^: M* u/ R: B7 s
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ ^# _+ L8 ?- _" w: r0 B4 c4 Z 73. Policy of austerity
8 W) u! k: l" u2 U8 m 74. Rent withholding
' j) S( { A1 D5 D' A 75. Refusal to rent) v0 t* K9 q4 U
76. National consumers’ boycott
# U( a$ E. j: ~, P5 r 77. International consumers’ boycott4 Q, K+ B5 c2 e
$ Z, n6 ]: C# H- |
Action by Workers and Producers
1 g" `4 L, V: c; y+ [ 78. Workmen’s boycott0 W5 \! X' p# N" E2 p8 c
79. Producers’ boycott
/ S# C* _" I2 R* v0 e( n7 C. A4 c% _1 s: |
Action by Middlemen
1 c# ~8 f' _2 x3 P 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" i- x8 x" @7 l I" B P% L+ O. y( y
Action by Owners and Management
4 a+ \: ]% n# D2 D 81. Traders’ boycott9 O/ [+ X8 ?8 h6 M5 F# ^
82. Refusal to let or sell property5 N* W3 Y3 Z6 W2 t( |; i: Y
83. Lockout
6 S# B/ _! i# [" U5 O 84. Refusal of industrial assistance. W: E0 E/ A! ~% A- W+ _0 k
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
) _- a S4 U ?& C; \# ]1 e5 U; k8 I9 g
Action by Holders of Financial Resources- m6 ]. U& |1 \& w9 W1 L1 q( z3 n" x) b
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 h5 I( R5 W; L3 |6 N: N" w2 ~- v
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! z: k8 [- R4 j) H p7 A$ h 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest; T0 y$ g0 U% h4 ]
89. Severance of funds and credit [$ w8 {$ |; w5 c% }
90. Revenue refusal
- b+ u0 e, h) Q- {3 z2 j% F 91. Refusal of a government’s money
' d3 b1 d( ^: F+ ]9 o! z
/ k. E6 A& a1 o3 x1 ZAction by Governments
5 n) E1 o3 m Q 92. Domestic embargo
6 ` t- f4 ], h" i1 [1 K 93. Blacklisting of traders, b8 ?0 \! G- r- m3 }
94. International sellers’ embargo
* a. I' Z9 f# v3 d( r5 C 95. International buyers’ embargo8 Y' k, O% t3 [3 o: r
96. International trade embargo% H2 j0 q+ T* |; N1 _" v
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+ f- _3 D; J1 j, H- e6 Q
# D8 F2 {3 E, g% h* i6 ]( Z1 nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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! {* ?4 R: q5 I4 D8 s + {9 P1 d3 y) Y2 Q
Symbolic Strikes3 A3 p1 K P. a6 D5 K) x- Q
97. Protest strike1 e# s; b; \$ f. u) \9 o
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( u0 _: w% S1 K( {
2 I# I+ ~( q" D
Agricultural Strikes6 K+ g% f8 j! m4 z; ^
99. Peasant strike6 v8 @; F/ [# c: m! c+ d: L) e
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 s( q$ c8 U/ C F& s" `$ `% K7 B
" ?1 Q9 I; N' B0 {% L YStrikes by Special Groups) ~# p6 ]2 |2 `; b1 c" A3 l
101. Refusal of impressed labor- J3 Z$ ]( c, K5 b/ K* V: B
102. Prisoners’ strike
6 Q" s, ?9 `+ x+ @: b# x% a 103. Craft strike
0 I5 ]( n& x4 f& F! A* s 104. Professional strike4 |3 k' C8 ~! [
0 i- I$ V p! O H- ^ m1 @ |Ordinary Industrial Strikes
! b; }' a. s4 _+ j 105. Establishment strike
3 b: Q8 w3 H: q9 X 106. Industry strike. |1 B! N3 s& D7 ~" @0 ^& J% C* N2 e
107. Sympathetic strike
2 M6 V8 n. J" ^, K9 q8 i
k0 s% h: g0 Q9 {Restricted Strikes( u- l, G( P) Y) k
108. Detailed strike" d% q) k& ?+ N* ]( U
109. Bumper strike- Z% z" @' @8 `: m# Y1 ]! A, U* t
110. Slowdown strike7 y3 E( G* B' C" d$ V0 O e
111. Working-to-rule strike8 d" W8 _; a& P* c( ]& d$ m, y
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), m `3 s& @+ U+ `3 S( K) G
113. Strike by resignation
( u, m9 z2 L: \. Y" S 114. Limited strike9 A! q2 ?8 j7 {
115. Selective strike+ u) U2 V P/ i; N+ z2 R
$ ?# V" j# M& I6 Z
Multi-Industry Strikes
5 W' d% z! O5 n+ O) m- L' E5 b4 P& `# ?% z1 q
116. Generalized strike+ U; f- Z8 E$ t# |1 G& v$ n- I, x$ `
8 V7 t! t Q" {! t" H* F 117. General strike
- \9 `, {$ @9 Q" f' A
4 C O5 D; Q8 e2 ~" ICombination of Strikes and Economic Closures' { ^7 n) d: Z8 g* C
2 E7 f. X0 N, s% g; _
118. Hartal* r- f7 i& _2 h* }% ~9 I
1 h8 O9 P/ ]2 E/ c: g C4 Y 119. Economic shutdown
2 i+ E' {8 C% R' @# m- z; v. D
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& n$ d9 N0 \( w! }4 i6 xTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ R4 @ I: M( O; n0 R* Y
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# |3 [2 p2 Z. K6 A. Q! \Rejection of Authority3 p o; A1 b; |
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 ^4 T0 P: P( D: I' v
121. Refusal of public support' u; | `* `8 B3 u) L* }; _
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- @3 {) }6 @0 R, Q& ~$ D) {
% }- p/ ^: E' }0 J. R$ b
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 e6 {3 F9 ]+ G8 ]$ l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies; n5 f7 n4 l& w6 q1 X/ m7 ]$ Y
124. Boycott of elections
' x& l9 p* u- i" i 125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 v5 a+ ~6 `* O0 T' P- B; C
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 [# _2 v5 ?/ h
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- I3 C+ F. t( I( D- C! p+ H# ?0 ?
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations3 b7 d9 ~! e1 z- o1 T+ \
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: Y: u7 y& `$ B" r7 g
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: U$ t s6 t/ r/ M! b
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* {: @% D- i/ V+ J( [
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" o4 C& V* t0 Y
% {+ a) I% \" V# I" F3 v& B! W6 SCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 E" F8 ^( n# |0 o3 N 133. Reluctant and slow compliance) m2 c1 V, l" n
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( X" c% j: I0 W" w& a! J% h1 z
135. Popular nonobedience3 U; V; s9 {; B3 l- s' u
136. Disguised disobedience& |+ x$ {3 N2 j
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 u7 }2 \; S5 c4 J' j9 ]$ I
138. Sitdown
3 i( G" x( F _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% g: V+ j- g. H" \5 d, j5 {: @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
8 D. h9 N' T/ f# m- N( K 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ j/ J a1 \5 ~" x2 s% C% @0 y! c
- t% I5 k1 ?; V- h& J1 r0 Z2 F
Action by Government Personnel
# h0 d% q1 F: c( R+ G0 O 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' @- W" M/ Q5 D+ S O1 ^) H5 m/ _/ X: a
143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 }$ n! d K; q6 g8 l* R
144. Stalling and obstruction" y- [. C7 |" N" w! T4 A5 C
145. General administrative noncooperation3 D3 v9 l9 q! D, }/ c0 r
) {6 {5 O- z Z$ d& X! ?5 y 146. Judicial noncooperation* P* y& i, a/ g7 C+ a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, u" x/ c5 a( u+ C 148. Mutiny
' ?# o' ]) I3 a. X# `6 ^0 I" vDomestic Governmental Action
. r" Z1 \/ N' a0 | 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- R2 C, @) v& _1 [0 H 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& F1 X+ z7 p( H4 b# N" {6 D# S6 m
5 F, R6 p* C4 e1 ?9 h
International Governmental Action" m* A) @& H$ e% K# Q6 Z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ w- A: ~" @/ V [2 V$ x1 K
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events& _; [6 `3 V, T- h
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 s- X( ^: R+ Z1 ?/ S& I( H& K' B
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 h1 T2 O; q! i' P. w" G 155. Withdrawal from international organizations% k ?8 C2 b8 ^+ s
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ ]( e+ Q, ` d+ e, _0 R( U 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 D: i0 d/ Z4 m: E3 m- O: u K
! k3 {7 Y" X& d4 Y& y) v
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8 w. e0 E9 k8 aTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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% _. l% ]; m. `* A7 p( { 9 A7 Q Y" n8 R+ t2 h
Psychological Intervention9 o- A& s$ C |6 |* l( {
158. Self-exposure to the elements
3 A m, f0 m! V1 `8 C' E 159. The fast/ @9 w/ r& N; T/ l# c0 O
a) Fast of moral pressure
' Q0 l; P+ V- ^% J( v b) Hunger strike2 c* s& ?; {& N; I' \
c) Satyagrahic fast7 T* M6 K; r& l }8 P! |6 j
160. Reverse trial
4 f% e1 w. o. u" C6 N0 Y8 N! ^" } 161. Nonviolent harassment
% Q& D: y! h, }5 A( n' @' E1 A) ~% v( I: R
Physical Intervention
0 l9 M# p! e) |6 L% X) w' r7 [& ] 162. Sit-in
& b! h. N$ j8 U2 h* b9 t/ j2 q 163. Stand-in
* T0 h `3 V8 y" @: C/ c6 K, q \ 164. Ride-in; g# S! ]: K/ V1 b/ D
165. Wade-in" A! f; E2 o% l& i# s
166. Mill-in: J2 G& D7 H2 I% R4 i& l2 S
167. Pray-in( X n d/ w" l0 `; I7 x
168. Nonviolent raids
& v) n7 e4 y0 O, W! ^* h6 N3 Z 169. Nonviolent air raids& V0 P! p; J. _
170. Nonviolent invasion
8 E! {! w5 A) O9 H3 P 171. Nonviolent interjection( x& z; _( r; m$ g: G
172. Nonviolent obstruction
+ ?! l6 k4 m! ~1 {% T/ l 173. Nonviolent occupation
; _1 k( L" H( c; s0 p6 k% w) F
4 Z0 P9 P. L7 LSocial Intervention1 e4 T& \; q' J3 C4 }) T; u$ `
174. Establishing new social patterns2 t U4 |7 Z; _4 c1 |1 N: n
175. Overloading of facilities
8 Z% Q4 \3 }2 e7 |% w; ~ 176. Stall-in
0 C+ `& x7 j1 l1 V7 z1 d/ E 177. Speak-in
7 j8 M3 T. n1 s 178. Guerrilla theater
* Z3 Q6 C& L4 v" O 179. Alternative social institutions, S X' t. V+ \: n i8 y5 l3 K
180. Alternative communication system
' j0 U$ a9 D3 e7 G, w$ ]! ?- o- l8 w7 a2 z
Economic Intervention( R k" B- F. k2 Y0 d
181. Reverse strike
$ Z8 t' ?5 `: \2 J1 U4 p 182. Stay-in strike7 I9 b7 N2 _ D5 n' d/ ]( i1 A
183. Nonviolent land seizure* e) w) f0 P3 q3 ^: C% ~6 ^1 a
184. Defiance of blockades4 W8 ~0 f; ?3 w) x; S* A. t) y4 b
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 u7 F3 ~' {, }' e3 o- y. h* b 186. Preclusive purchasing1 d1 \9 P3 G, v x3 v" L8 |+ Z6 r
187. Seizure of assets
7 F) M* F) W" z$ j8 ^' j; H# `: A 188. Dumping
& M& b1 _5 e) Y* q3 q 189. Selective patronage
' c. T+ K& K, l6 | 190. Alternative markets
# L& |; v; R6 w5 x e* n( P 191. Alternative transportation systems0 c: H* B8 Y2 O1 f7 |6 ]( \2 R3 |
192. Alternative economic institutions x9 O. ^* b$ O
3 c j7 n m7 a$ D7 s* f5 yPolitical Intervention
: q8 j& P8 Y+ E. P, H 193. Overloading of administrative systems
( L# B- ^. D( H 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, A/ W" s9 D; X, ~1 @% c1 z. I2 u 195. Seeking imprisonment! X4 O0 ^/ U& ?; a6 x* {
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
7 M5 ?( v1 K a* F6 b 197. Work-on without collaboration
% i- q" Y9 H, A# T* I 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ z# {* V h: I; e: X
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
