 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; Q+ m2 d8 m) a5 y' v, u& DFormal Statements
) M; e( ?3 I) [/ @ 1. Public Speeches# ?# I5 M; _* }8 o. {
2. Letters of opposition or support9 H$ n/ b, @/ Y9 b: j- L c
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- _1 s! g9 w+ h: [
4. Signed public statements2 M, j1 O: }1 G# A2 Q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# n7 P M9 C! ^7 H 6. Group or mass petitions$ `& D" h$ K" h3 W. a( k; f
! K5 F* G: b8 ?# dCommunications with a Wider Audience
/ o9 l8 D# f) j$ g% }# j, a2 t 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" c/ T6 n' n% {8 c6 W; t
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ [$ c1 p+ {) z& f
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* |0 U" r2 T: q1 V
10. Newspapers and journals: s" p' O) C9 l- Q+ s
11. Records, radio, and television% M& @2 t1 D: w" t' C+ ^9 V- }
12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 C/ B+ b, L3 }% _
- i/ ?* h6 d6 N6 z9 F; ?3 h# P
Group Representations
6 b$ X( N4 K* L- w: w 13. Deputations( X/ e( U+ [5 g0 O( }
14. Mock awards
" C5 V7 ]3 l. X0 P9 k 15. Group lobbying
$ s5 ~3 |0 ^+ \8 m! i W 16. Picketing) n, q9 N! G. t+ X
17. Mock elections0 g: J! J5 h$ L. k( c6 t7 x
6 {8 z; V7 {9 p) W7 Q( u& mSymbolic Public Acts% j$ B5 w6 ?" _8 n. M, w
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ D( y/ _ S3 B+ _% |; W: H
19. Wearing of symbols
. w0 M* F. P4 r7 Y0 C$ u. ~ 20. Prayer and worship8 ?& |3 E* l" x
21. Delivering symbolic objects7 O/ k4 `7 J1 U$ ]9 c0 z# U
22. Protest disrobings2 {( o, ~5 }* y Q
23. Destruction of own property' N+ C+ s& r5 D: A% u" `1 P; {4 W
24. Symbolic lights
- ]- g0 ~. e) F. ?3 ` 25. Displays of portraits
) u* I" O# L5 ^0 \& L a. M 26. Paint as protest2 _; X: n) ]8 a3 \0 @7 z
27. New signs and names' p: Y. e: k, ?; [: t" C
28. Symbolic sounds( B' o4 i! z5 i8 \6 k5 Z J2 t, t
29. Symbolic reclamations# r$ T( n2 k/ \
30. Rude gestures$ x0 Y1 ^+ l0 T& N c* k
' i& `+ k3 t5 E" @! h6 i0 f9 J
Pressures on Individuals
1 t6 x6 v5 |- Q2 h% z7 z 31. “Haunting” officials
9 i ?' x+ Y/ e0 H" B 32. Taunting officials/ V" U7 b1 a8 ~
33. Fraternization
' a. T+ T0 p J1 V4 j) W 34. Vigils
/ j* E$ v6 f8 ^1 D6 m5 M, }& r
6 e: c, d' N d, rDrama and Music+ G" j6 c- D8 Y6 \3 V ?
35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ z* K5 E5 U& B! d; J7 Y1 }- n 36. Performances of plays and music
9 ^% O+ y9 N' l: u4 k+ \# b 37. Singing3 u' {5 ?4 ^7 K0 j ~" L1 A. w
0 q' g6 g7 Q% ~Processions
/ }. p; {2 X ` P7 A5 M 38. Marches
) h8 G" Q& d4 G" _7 g% Z- X) n/ V 39. Parades8 R% b2 G2 T" ~% I$ z
40. Religious processions
1 ^1 v* H" ~9 j2 G2 o9 s, C+ l6 C: _ 41. Pilgrimages4 j2 g* \2 S" x
42. Motorcades
* K3 X1 }# H" k A4 b5 I0 g+ o- ~. s0 f+ q( k
Honoring the Dead
P- V z' w( k% O/ [6 f 43. Political mourning( X1 H7 ]0 ~/ P- \
44. Mock funerals
/ }% N' X6 _) X. N3 I. d9 | 45. Demonstrative funerals
. a2 a9 r8 ?0 c/ R9 V* A 46. Homage at burial places7 i l3 T( ]4 Y( w, j
# c; Y0 h% T, |! D N7 K
Public Assemblies
$ ^8 {# |0 S! H* b5 G: ]/ k 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ ^& O. ^! h. _# O0 H$ X* \& q
48. Protest meetings
4 A- e2 R$ o G; x0 }; E6 @ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 }$ r2 |3 s7 H6 P- S4 S
50. Teach-ins
1 L/ b3 x" g8 R1 ^% R' [/ M/ t; v6 u
Withdrawal and Renunciation& }7 W" j" S2 P$ P) a2 G, y, _7 z1 K
51. Walk-outs o* ~$ s8 [% B! q
52. Silence
8 h; j& {) J2 \% ]* c6 e 53. Renouncing honors3 N F& m3 F9 l" T% k( T
54. Turning one’s back
1 W% [+ Q1 E" E! i; K& Q0 r
0 h' f u+ d5 O, a/ c8 w
2 T; A& R/ e" R/ U# p. l9 B2 F. X' @
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 ]* C0 |( a( H
$ X# {, T! b g: ?9 J' J
+ S! @4 ?& A' r0 j+ b
+ G& D; W3 a+ [+ F5 H% NOstracism of Persons
1 K8 m, a( `& C P 55. Social boycott/ O a) V% ]$ a% ]; A
56. Selective social boycott
: Y4 k, n; _3 L2 I 57. Lysistratic nonaction
: Z/ v/ ~" u* \7 O5 {# A" ~ 58. Excommunication
- F: @8 p# i5 y m9 X0 u0 t 59. Interdict& @6 s! p0 C: {4 x
+ E! g. a) W4 N1 |1 M4 }
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' p7 M! ?3 l! I' q2 C: E4 S 60. Suspension of social and sports activities) f- X0 Q* q" I6 I2 q
61. Boycott of social affairs( y$ i `0 T* [! g$ ?3 E" q
62. Student strike7 u2 ~/ r& Y) U' ^$ W
63. Social disobedience7 w" O' E3 }* R2 ~9 k" b0 W4 ^+ ^
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# w! x2 z- v0 p/ j1 f+ H6 H0 L8 ^' ]6 m& |! ]; j+ W- ]
Withdrawal from the Social System+ Z) x/ w7 c+ ~" i7 _
65. Stay-at-home2 x( |% N6 T( u2 d, ? {
66. Total personal noncooperation
4 k) B# M6 ~- B+ I$ ? 67. “Flight” of workers, U/ C9 ^ e# v) D: C
68. Sanctuary9 f- {2 ?4 z* _( R m C- Y+ [4 |
69. Collective disappearance
V. L0 h) Q- q$ @+ V! O5 C 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
. M# m! m% D7 |# h2 x, l4 b# Q$ A" `
( d9 y# M3 N2 G: d' z, ]
: y9 [" P3 B6 t7 X6 l( p
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 F# [6 J9 S9 L/ e
# T0 p$ h \2 c) s2 v. O' ` 3 i6 U# d- w |8 q6 I
Actions by Consumers+ b; l6 X: R' `7 l9 U$ b9 m! i
71. Consumers’ boycott3 [" n5 P; ]0 Q$ T7 C/ O: `
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
u1 h! F, l8 D" Z- j# m 73. Policy of austerity
! o4 u8 @9 q; s" F 74. Rent withholding4 p# h4 I8 {9 R. a0 H4 ?5 _
75. Refusal to rent
6 M7 {* k) W) A1 x1 { 76. National consumers’ boycott
1 m k7 b! m" Q 77. International consumers’ boycott
( K' q2 R3 h: d/ [ K* k% p# ?6 L4 V0 V
Action by Workers and Producers
8 H' ^2 A b3 c9 x- m( u 78. Workmen’s boycott. ] K8 K3 x! v8 H( |/ B7 U, d
79. Producers’ boycott
$ k. M1 z+ T" u* H0 A2 g' e7 l7 R6 f- R o, z$ n
Action by Middlemen
. X0 T, I$ s& q _& m6 p! E7 B+ p9 c) i1 d 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" H! S, D2 }/ }7 w& t
# D6 K7 X$ M, Q3 c: }/ F1 cAction by Owners and Management
. S6 r, T: v. B' D: e, k: B 81. Traders’ boycott
! l! K, W) B5 E: E2 g& a4 u 82. Refusal to let or sell property% h8 v: `! \! G
83. Lockout5 v% v1 B; p8 Y8 s& B0 z4 v
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; ]; r: c3 Z: A$ N; K9 [ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ w2 D3 q5 k$ I( |" F" N) g
( C# A |. V5 q* ~! }Action by Holders of Financial Resources
+ c6 ^! C/ Z q5 ?' C& p; X 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! p: K/ G( [9 y* g; X
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& ]' q% S9 C* I i 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- ^5 u4 d3 I. G
89. Severance of funds and credit5 u- {: b- |- y3 e) `6 q
90. Revenue refusal
- S! s0 g6 E1 Y! b 91. Refusal of a government’s money
. _( L. Z Z, B J) K! f4 n0 A- Q- I# I# y- X
Action by Governments# j5 e- g6 C6 k+ t9 G! F' H( S
92. Domestic embargo
: ^ ]; Y& {% u5 h# J4 a9 V 93. Blacklisting of traders
4 ?4 e# p4 ^0 _. }5 U8 O 94. International sellers’ embargo
1 _. ~: ^. b8 a6 C% s/ u* F 95. International buyers’ embargo% X6 f) w9 n8 M, G6 W" Q
96. International trade embargo7 }! [$ ?, }. S
8 o0 n4 l( `9 W/ g
. d. ^' ^2 k+ F. b
( a# `( I) p& F [3 ^- F: v3 @% s
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: [: m) O) l( o' P0 ?+ f8 ]& |+ [* _% t5 g0 @- ~
% i" E8 Q4 X! f! I) XSymbolic Strikes: |# ~+ x) n h4 B# \
97. Protest strike
( w3 s' O9 b0 \" o 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) O) {" h! _5 _. ?
+ ~( N9 @8 D5 }% Q! H1 |6 r3 _' zAgricultural Strikes2 d( B) r' ~ h3 P6 R
99. Peasant strike# `& {, x5 O- _ M2 J; o' v8 L
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ ^2 X. F( _& x+ P9 h1 F0 i7 e
4 L% t4 O* ~ M/ Z% ]& iStrikes by Special Groups! L/ r& |5 t/ w u' D+ e" R' i
101. Refusal of impressed labor( V* w+ J# }+ H# S7 ~* h
102. Prisoners’ strike T" H+ X6 c( N% p6 E
103. Craft strike4 R* P" \# ?$ q+ k, x* X( l
104. Professional strike0 o3 E. V# _- ]6 G# t
) h8 S# ?$ |/ G8 N) P5 b+ O
Ordinary Industrial Strikes, R R' D; v; Q L9 V# i; G
105. Establishment strike
4 A& A: E; n) e+ M$ j' R2 E; L 106. Industry strike; ^" t2 Y0 K7 T6 u
107. Sympathetic strike v/ W) k. n: y7 H; b# m% A
) {( ~# B& _$ `, H1 L
Restricted Strikes
# b S. k- O5 R, W& b! T 108. Detailed strike
/ V8 j( N" v" r' D# |# j& Y7 L 109. Bumper strike
* g( x1 g5 J8 T7 V 110. Slowdown strike2 ^/ _7 \$ S* ~7 J# a1 a
111. Working-to-rule strike
+ |8 \: o' a- N; m( n+ \ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' Q' w" q9 r% x% o. W- S# d
113. Strike by resignation1 H c6 k; F/ L+ s
114. Limited strike+ L% u. ~( t( e! x
115. Selective strike
: h: A- l' |0 v" \- J
) J; M4 D; c# ` C1 k) l5 ~Multi-Industry Strikes
) P! W( X* e6 _0 V3 u0 v& I+ S! z
( S' t; ?- M. k, @* x 116. Generalized strike
" a: r2 [6 h) h& B5 ]) f/ M, o+ O
8 c- J# p$ Z; G5 Q 117. General strike
5 p( E& o- K# r; [, [3 t( j1 o6 h5 V* G* t
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
f8 x( `8 h/ n2 O6 A1 v/ u+ u" j& G6 e2 H; z5 Y4 r. v3 y
118. Hartal
$ M' }! `) k. S: |. [7 G1 F7 m) }5 L( F- F; Z) |" A+ H8 k/ P$ ~& z0 Z
119. Economic shutdown! e5 K( i: K5 |; c* u4 y
4 L8 w! Y/ k# ?8 F
2 X8 A2 l, ?, R
: Y+ n3 g. T( g* O* UTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# L' d- [1 T3 }5 p9 U
$ V2 P+ R1 ]3 ^# n( u+ o2 r6 Y* F; v
3 l; i7 O; p0 E( ^4 p* }) ERejection of Authority6 ^4 R/ c, |. w5 `% T0 M
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 g; \. n6 t2 g3 k t+ k
121. Refusal of public support/ F$ n2 o. ?3 |8 X+ D+ v% ?/ a
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance8 m D) C; n' o( C
7 f) }2 v; {; N, v8 d2 Z1 ]2 o. _$ \
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
4 z- @+ S( `! S. [% g 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' g9 {+ D$ Z$ u: p 124. Boycott of elections
; ?% }% A* c" y- Y H% u& A 125. Boycott of government employment and positions, x5 ?, l9 s8 j
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ t4 V. y1 o# g 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. L$ m# l* c, U- i2 I 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. J& M; X/ J$ q) C4 ^- `1 N/ x1 j 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 {! [9 V8 e! M$ L- K5 R2 K3 s
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. c( A) u2 E5 } 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* m' n/ a6 y- |" I$ C
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& Z: p, R j, J0 B- ^9 M! e
+ I; Z) {8 G" K+ m; j. {Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience \$ O1 W9 V2 F8 T8 o, Z9 j6 Z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 p( n- O6 W5 d9 x$ z6 k& \5 y9 \
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
, k6 m8 P1 r+ o 135. Popular nonobedience, q3 p" z8 t6 K/ |# m
136. Disguised disobedience
7 L' f, l" u6 Z! V) J/ N 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% q5 t; Z" R6 X, R 138. Sitdown
0 I: L/ p6 N* D A+ ~+ i 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 h0 B- B C. p8 c# H, U
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
9 z4 I4 @) x" j2 N3 M& O 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& V5 P# n8 \& ]' n6 h3 P$ a
; ^' j7 U* L U/ v# F/ k) I YAction by Government Personnel- b6 P3 {/ |' [ _ G8 M5 U
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 R+ S6 _7 k/ u/ Z( |) y 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* y1 H4 c3 w+ k) ^, d 144. Stalling and obstruction
; U* l. c% |) {) u" r 145. General administrative noncooperation
" T; C3 @# I4 `8 P5 d& o. e5 M8 e3 ^" C, S8 J. M( a; @
146. Judicial noncooperation. E. J6 B0 p7 @5 s
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: R- F& e# | F5 d& J3 }
148. Mutiny" L( w1 V5 f( m# G& w6 ?
Domestic Governmental Action# q3 @- ?+ w/ e4 _, ]
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& y; H# Y+ {2 t8 i1 Y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 }( z" }& B% b7 h# _
H; t% Z/ l3 \" p/ S# P
International Governmental Action! n* ^* u. R2 n2 l
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
4 A' B8 Y) ~: w9 I! h* T2 v 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' l, }1 v1 N4 ^; M# N( G# o
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. F1 e4 K+ ]5 V$ q
154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 {% C d2 Y. J& l1 h+ Q
155. Withdrawal from international organizations u- V1 g3 _9 }$ ^7 y8 x0 p- ]# q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies# w& Q2 S& N, u# I: j
157. Expulsion from international organizations
( r/ H1 e( ~ m/ ]
0 T2 ?; ^. C r9 U) j: j
$ e" m8 `% U' D' a; M+ Z7 s
3 f' `$ ^/ `" r9 k" @* Q& rTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# x5 { C- h- Z' G) J3 ?# F! I3 q
7 v; t1 u6 r2 ]4 Y* \ ; |" a+ ~& k0 \5 z' H3 C) J. g5 m
Psychological Intervention
" O+ y x% T- m; T3 X9 e7 ] 158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 X! F% \: R( f" A& z1 m 159. The fast
3 G5 _# _6 q7 ~1 j( q2 M( q a) Fast of moral pressure0 C3 ?4 \8 B L6 f4 ]& y3 g
b) Hunger strike
h9 J* i5 t& J7 k. K8 } [6 h c) Satyagrahic fast
4 _7 k2 S% x3 w' d1 J; s8 [! U 160. Reverse trial* Y( w' B6 E1 i A
161. Nonviolent harassment( S+ Q2 N. E. x i# V& I! S
6 _* a4 Q, B( M) @4 q
Physical Intervention
$ `1 r6 \* j' |( q) D9 ~$ I 162. Sit-in0 l2 L. {1 j5 `
163. Stand-in5 y# ^- ^- p9 b
164. Ride-in
% t/ j R; y& I% o+ W3 i7 g 165. Wade-in
3 |& I2 W) \' L" | 166. Mill-in
( f* ?* _% E1 ]9 P {, Q* w 167. Pray-in/ x5 x4 x5 V& h7 A
168. Nonviolent raids
6 O" F, k: [/ P3 Z- h 169. Nonviolent air raids5 Z2 t' g# W# e9 M$ U% I4 \) V9 D, p
170. Nonviolent invasion; ]% w8 |' }3 |
171. Nonviolent interjection
9 d4 e2 z+ z! I M# _ 172. Nonviolent obstruction0 e P" U* b% W) o+ Y
173. Nonviolent occupation8 @4 v0 e \! `* ~6 D
C5 s1 ~( g7 ?) uSocial Intervention
; n& ]5 M- g& {: s a* ? 174. Establishing new social patterns4 [6 j. b+ h# y T& o5 M
175. Overloading of facilities$ f2 S: U' ~4 x$ o8 N$ h Q
176. Stall-in
! d( _: g1 q' l4 `! N 177. Speak-in7 Z1 D7 [- Q3 M3 J t
178. Guerrilla theater
7 q( q, g9 Z' j! v0 k6 R+ L" @ 179. Alternative social institutions
; e$ |0 X$ _. m 180. Alternative communication system0 H6 ]% v% @( t
1 _- L0 M6 s! H
Economic Intervention" c p/ L" {0 q" E" e, [. Q O
181. Reverse strike$ n {# ?' k6 F# }
182. Stay-in strike1 Q7 n) O% X' R
183. Nonviolent land seizure; A- L7 d4 q7 D" k
184. Defiance of blockades: d- j& P/ R6 `( F1 S* \3 D& V
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting& f- n4 P+ s% q+ H# F$ F
186. Preclusive purchasing
3 _# u" }$ \1 }1 M. ` s+ E" G 187. Seizure of assets+ S" S' o# O! L' A' u9 a7 E
188. Dumping
8 \7 [; l, |8 Y9 y% Z" P 189. Selective patronage# m1 H6 Z- j& L) w5 `# \( m* H
190. Alternative markets
$ a' }4 P" R( l: T+ I- G; p9 o 191. Alternative transportation systems7 P, E5 k B# P) B
192. Alternative economic institutions
! {8 U- p9 A8 u3 t: ^! _: ^5 K
T9 D4 r5 N7 PPolitical Intervention, ^% Q! f6 L4 {7 h4 d
193. Overloading of administrative systems% T, Z/ P( Y+ L/ ^" {! W+ N4 I
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents% [8 S6 J b6 K1 T' O5 d6 S
195. Seeking imprisonment
' u/ ~3 ]) Q! a# L 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& a- _' [' I' Q7 c; W' b 197. Work-on without collaboration& C& f% E0 W7 B3 f
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
" V! h7 s2 [% m: E! ~# {; |. Z) r8 G1 h
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
