 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" O& f6 x3 J- M% Z4 N
Formal Statements. ^$ X4 Q2 D+ I' D% U8 G3 l: \% @$ S
1. Public Speeches
0 j! T1 V" o) m5 i+ i8 t 2. Letters of opposition or support
3 Z/ J6 G! w8 x, J/ Q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 Q, l' j( v& v. Q0 ^
4. Signed public statements8 a( z! F4 f: v: s/ F
5. Declarations of indictment and intention" g L- J% |9 v7 H7 F, s
6. Group or mass petitions
# y3 p2 {5 A% C+ X$ }
7 h4 T# i. P% V/ o0 CCommunications with a Wider Audience
- A0 O" O9 E, O 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
0 C) a- R0 P, b/ } 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 b3 J' t( |3 ? u' c% T% T' Z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books: i7 g' G: h' N& ^3 }
10. Newspapers and journals/ R, ^: ^/ Y5 v5 e, h# m: s
11. Records, radio, and television
& ~* u1 M: X% I& _ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
2 n. ~; V; \3 L) T8 u+ O
$ t) Y) o( L7 i8 EGroup Representations# c1 U8 a3 l4 w ~8 z$ W% H6 S
13. Deputations( U2 ~* o, W% `$ u5 ]
14. Mock awards. \. k7 |6 J$ |0 z( [5 g7 y! C% W
15. Group lobbying
( n# R' j& ?2 a" _- t& u3 j 16. Picketing4 e1 V2 r; `7 G( v& g
17. Mock elections6 h+ `# |0 v: N0 J( F# N
7 k. L* ]* A \3 p7 F4 ]0 w
Symbolic Public Acts
- E9 E( \2 j+ e0 d1 m" m 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( Y( Y& v. H3 g+ \ 19. Wearing of symbols
+ _6 [, Y E6 R# @0 X& @2 j3 f 20. Prayer and worship
' O( b [# O: K. t 21. Delivering symbolic objects
. ^; g3 E& w7 z' g' o8 N! ^+ O 22. Protest disrobings
" @7 K$ u6 u9 F- n. L1 U1 K 23. Destruction of own property5 d1 B5 y% }% r! u& G% X
24. Symbolic lights! Y6 }8 S) H! |- n; T
25. Displays of portraits
4 _1 B* V0 I7 Z- D 26. Paint as protest
4 c2 i( p/ b8 S a+ t8 V3 A 27. New signs and names
j( @+ W( P7 ^ 28. Symbolic sounds
/ q2 I% L# I8 \ N9 l9 |) s# x 29. Symbolic reclamations
; }; J. e1 r* s! f 30. Rude gestures" `- Y" [$ i# H2 o# B
' `# p- Q5 s% \% ^* rPressures on Individuals
% s/ v' Q) C8 R( h n0 e 31. “Haunting” officials
# ?& M0 P8 D$ C# H$ w4 h 32. Taunting officials
" D) u$ N+ q6 @* D% q. F' O8 l' t8 u 33. Fraternization# X* e2 u# y$ K6 I+ R
34. Vigils
+ I6 {& z1 }- y1 _# d' C8 L
) f: S* m; l9 e. I- U6 U" g1 [8 gDrama and Music, C9 ^- p. f0 y+ n) ^
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ L5 ^ ?% c2 U+ [7 v/ c* `2 }6 `% P
36. Performances of plays and music) y1 h d5 k5 ^; {6 s1 B$ B
37. Singing/ @, P( O& ~. y$ E% P
% z2 r# d- J6 l) P2 S" z- N% ^
Processions/ p9 s, s1 w4 c& H3 ^2 t- v; l
38. Marches
$ r$ H3 e# g8 o1 K( o( @7 Z% e 39. Parades
) F# C; V/ E% [3 J+ q 40. Religious processions
5 i4 L- U8 S0 F1 C8 |" g: p8 | 41. Pilgrimages1 t. d% _ v6 E8 k9 K2 C; U% b# t+ ?
42. Motorcades
8 j# n7 J) ^& b/ \% b$ k ^' S+ h! b9 F9 b* }) |3 z: a7 y3 \; ]
Honoring the Dead
4 T) N1 H: t) J; h, V; h" {3 e, H3 h4 G 43. Political mourning$ b; k' y7 l: e, F+ v/ O5 C: E( W! Z
44. Mock funerals
) k: G! r. _0 H) E+ f' ]1 g 45. Demonstrative funerals
. N+ z+ g% g) ~2 n; _$ e* _ 46. Homage at burial places
4 G" {, M! M8 ]1 [3 r' r: w' j2 F% l7 |: y9 n/ e
Public Assemblies
) p% U/ n& @; I; d$ a: P- c! y1 B 47. Assemblies of protest or support l! _6 _0 |# f- G; g4 D- F
48. Protest meetings. I$ m5 m) r/ X7 r( m, T
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 I! a, m7 u8 r' P 50. Teach-ins! G. L( }: s* t, |$ ~" i; c2 u& F
' S/ s' q6 @4 g5 R" L
Withdrawal and Renunciation5 n' S' @/ T" i( M# ]. G
51. Walk-outs
8 L( ]) B3 U$ }5 I& Z 52. Silence0 P9 B0 _* [( x0 ~
53. Renouncing honors; }+ z9 y$ e; Q' L% h
54. Turning one’s back1 ~" J* O3 B6 G* ^8 g; [
5 J5 h& F" P1 p; } - C8 C2 m8 d0 y" Q; v" j4 Z
. v0 b. e S+ ]( {5 X" x
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 p3 z% Q, c' J+ |3 a
, B6 g r5 m1 D. R' p
- {% U/ N$ Z3 A0 J
6 U, Y& Y h/ d+ } y0 j+ Z. OOstracism of Persons
& r5 {: V$ z: o$ `6 Z 55. Social boycott
; a+ V) M; V) T4 D 56. Selective social boycott
7 c/ B4 l3 S1 ?7 `2 v 57. Lysistratic nonaction
( e/ U. s4 N4 ?, a 58. Excommunication
; e$ B" \! B* p. L- A! q6 K8 G 59. Interdict
7 M- r- G+ ], C; U$ ?
& b& B! a' D! ^ R* t; b+ y3 @8 GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ J# n) m! V/ c
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 a& D8 w% ^1 u/ s3 s8 H 61. Boycott of social affairs
' A: i4 i X" g) x 62. Student strike
7 l/ S( v+ Q4 i 63. Social disobedience
) Y3 b- b( b& ^# f 64. Withdrawal from social institutions# R% l) ?, Y: ^- l
: w% Z# \% s8 K- zWithdrawal from the Social System
* i& c6 q4 m/ Z5 G% o x( L 65. Stay-at-home
, g2 a$ n, u$ k# ? 66. Total personal noncooperation
& M& h& y$ c' U0 g 67. “Flight” of workers+ i c7 @' s6 r0 G& O/ _/ B3 G( i
68. Sanctuary
& k1 q; [. R( R# ~8 n- Q- X 69. Collective disappearance
; H- J. S6 p0 ~( q8 H5 h* I 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 Q$ H) a! n8 P7 C7 r% z# b9 d
7 Z7 r/ J: i! u- B) G& a* G$ r: w0 K% e
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
e9 m: n7 [2 g3 K, d( Y+ j
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% y* V9 N0 c7 j- u4 _Actions by Consumers. }. k4 M) G$ n, X& ]
71. Consumers’ boycott# [8 E3 r, z) a! w H
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: T; R; U; n6 G- s
73. Policy of austerity
0 U; X) P$ K h8 V7 o 74. Rent withholding: z# r+ @ _1 @5 }
75. Refusal to rent
8 @) K( J: f9 f ^ 76. National consumers’ boycott
% C0 J3 u2 u$ @& ]6 u, f1 B/ [+ M 77. International consumers’ boycott
, [$ w& A/ {9 J
$ P! p* G% I: [8 I6 |# m9 aAction by Workers and Producers
7 l" u: A3 ~; ?8 g8 P 78. Workmen’s boycott: W# J/ {1 z" H
79. Producers’ boycott- Y$ O7 F! }9 S1 [) H% h1 S
: Y; x: v; h+ b; A% m5 \
Action by Middlemen6 v1 \' \! M" I5 k" H
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% ^% O; R- N3 w5 `4 ?9 z# ?0 E
) t2 T+ I2 ]* F* ~) E: l4 T( WAction by Owners and Management3 W, e, z- Z& J% l U5 }$ C+ A
81. Traders’ boycott3 P3 Z9 r9 b1 Y# I5 ~( A3 F
82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 f! I3 A+ j1 Y7 l' J 83. Lockout
. Y7 s2 h+ g9 Q* L5 i7 R 84. Refusal of industrial assistance) J+ V0 f/ s- W k
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
- q$ V6 J5 p6 C
$ |9 |0 H4 `' m1 FAction by Holders of Financial Resources; I6 a, m) a6 w) o3 p1 ~- D
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
5 H2 }) M* l2 t9 `7 [ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 s$ k; ?# H- {0 _8 _8 J" b) o 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 C( p7 h) G r0 Y& a
89. Severance of funds and credit5 k7 c8 K& |+ }
90. Revenue refusal
" {! C1 y; {5 B+ |) {/ G 91. Refusal of a government’s money
7 ^3 P3 ~ K! m0 V/ J+ M0 m" I6 c) W* B0 ~4 `3 S
Action by Governments, i- w. O& `7 a* o
92. Domestic embargo
3 Z8 u0 a3 T! K: c" g; T" e 93. Blacklisting of traders: U, Z+ W5 Y, z8 u
94. International sellers’ embargo6 k$ e1 M4 z5 f! O( g& h# S: z
95. International buyers’ embargo
( I7 h. a) [6 ?4 A- h" |( j 96. International trade embargo8 E) `: B. t: u+ y
- V/ z6 f3 m; Q B) g3 h8 r4 f6 V+ _
4 J8 o4 U' V: p; }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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# O3 }- w( S! cSymbolic Strikes3 }% A4 P7 i( f3 a v
97. Protest strike
* p _. A: H2 W, f" Q" O7 i* @6 o9 I 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 C! X; V3 s# v& `
' V$ z3 q5 E" I6 d. n4 Q) f* QAgricultural Strikes
1 h! l9 M) t" D 99. Peasant strike( _' D6 S) |, i& |
100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 G! @* c& t+ j* P
3 |- w, n$ z1 f6 i' B9 {% n2 F5 |Strikes by Special Groups
. D( o" S/ E/ _2 ] 101. Refusal of impressed labor
. {$ l3 n7 R$ K6 g" c' v6 \7 a/ g 102. Prisoners’ strike3 [ O2 P* m, P' Y
103. Craft strike
5 A6 s9 l$ e2 B9 k: g0 @9 H) p% k6 A 104. Professional strike2 K1 ]3 O6 W6 L9 n3 G6 h8 ^
& i+ B' \4 K* [* x1 V- g! ^5 M1 hOrdinary Industrial Strikes
( A7 L; A5 [5 y. C! L 105. Establishment strike
0 K0 R2 o1 M& ^ 106. Industry strike
: X+ j1 t2 o. P3 r+ Y$ e0 Z 107. Sympathetic strike
* U7 D' A7 X3 H+ c4 Z
" ]' t6 ?& i3 Y1 a$ ~/ SRestricted Strikes
# ^% B8 g% G9 L& u4 H7 n 108. Detailed strike
- u( c0 V, s. x2 Q) w. ?' \3 B 109. Bumper strike3 k M1 k1 c* f4 N6 b
110. Slowdown strike
+ d7 O3 f5 ? [: f( H) K 111. Working-to-rule strike
0 y, W* u3 W% f 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; Q# w3 k# U _& l; M2 `9 X 113. Strike by resignation* L5 a& R8 R# Z
114. Limited strike8 v' _2 V+ Y) s/ D1 P
115. Selective strike( U% J# o4 _4 w) M8 N
6 w1 A6 }% V$ E- n% t1 g; o( u
Multi-Industry Strikes# b) E0 f. d! o. [" z# l
& d# M, x+ v7 V, K- h2 ~2 X& a
116. Generalized strike
u' C: K- }1 P- K6 K( G1 K3 C2 \* g5 q1 w1 y
117. General strike
; E7 z d5 E3 L) O% R7 B6 h; J
$ I% N/ r; ~2 `' MCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 ]3 a) }7 G- I0 _% J! R# J( b) A- Y
' o: H# y! E& M" e5 `+ i! Z 118. Hartal% U6 r3 R; _1 y
2 p% _1 n- h. A0 v; k" x
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ ]- C. X3 {1 g: |+ h% O) Y
8 T+ B0 Y) g" ~% J2 R# M; I 2 _9 Q$ |" _6 [, {
Rejection of Authority
& B3 g. M* j& n. y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
i( v/ ?- y$ K# ^) `6 q" V1 z9 s# u 121. Refusal of public support* @, t+ T# I7 V( i/ {* c- E
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* C( b' f" @: |0 [6 |; }1 f4 h
- H0 O/ M A& X9 |1 {5 ?( W0 ?Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ ]9 N3 ~" B& c/ _; I
123. Boycott of legislative bodies# X* u7 V* e* A/ Z% L( D d
124. Boycott of elections
1 c8 l3 K* [. P4 I# u, q1 e7 L 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" R4 t' I" ~8 H 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' n# U1 C' f2 `$ q, C
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* R- \9 t( _" ]! r% P
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. y9 n! G: Q( _+ {
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 X' p3 V0 d3 s/ [3 ~
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& l) F7 }6 S0 F2 Q9 s
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: `1 E, s$ {* h, b! }! R+ `+ N
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: R ~. s% M" S! X' d* p8 W, `
: B2 r9 N2 {% b6 [# O7 c
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience8 I2 h# h4 z5 Q( z3 t6 \4 J/ } s
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 c, ]3 x9 J# w! e. s0 Z$ [1 \ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision* u9 [" S1 R" X# U3 n1 ^3 n
135. Popular nonobedience. B" i5 L' Y- U( i6 F% i. {
136. Disguised disobedience- z5 K$ {; g$ `; P) n3 N7 k2 D& k
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 s. N0 j- v: P) d+ o: X1 N ~
138. Sitdown2 f3 v: v6 j/ J. K
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' D3 l4 Z# j {4 s+ x( d 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! H E' D( b4 n' x* ] m/ n" X6 C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 }! z" e; A9 M l5 u* ]0 I
( o* q( v# ?( h& n8 }9 f7 v% I4 UAction by Government Personnel
, W) Y1 e8 _" I1 x8 R9 Z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 A" z7 `: h+ ^5 }' M* _6 @4 o7 v2 F6 y K 143. Blocking of lines of command and information" J+ {7 g9 q- g% S
144. Stalling and obstruction# b9 S5 Y* E4 j
145. General administrative noncooperation
3 J& E8 [) q* @0 {
( A4 g- E4 g1 l 146. Judicial noncooperation+ t+ K2 V# T/ N; o, [, N
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& L: \8 d# h1 V+ }# c 148. Mutiny: E" E3 ~) G- X8 p# C
Domestic Governmental Action& [3 D; t2 z8 W" ]# t9 N5 O
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ o& e( \9 `9 X6 Z* o5 _ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
% C& ]1 K! q) z, ~/ p
: Z& I( F; |6 v: h6 L/ wInternational Governmental Action! W( D- C1 E/ x, N# S) Z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- {+ {# S. H8 R" H; x0 J" }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events6 U4 o( ^. c# S& T, e+ u. ^
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
% g% R9 d. `$ a* c& T; D6 s 154. Severance of diplomatic relations! y) K" b4 J6 a, q: E+ v2 _: t
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! W) S, W! M' H) H' M3 a8 N4 @( M3 v 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 ?! T- A/ F8 T 157. Expulsion from international organizations
+ c5 J% R; H1 ?! d0 q9 b5 ~4 c. P7 l: h$ X7 e
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. s/ n- U6 J: {) S( ^THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION1 O: `4 H6 W& ]% }8 c% v
1 K: t3 p7 ]1 q1 W# w. b) C
4 ~% X( A8 e5 t1 f" x2 E4 QPsychological Intervention6 R( N! L. |/ K4 D8 H: u2 l! R
158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 W( v0 g- X6 c- N, K9 R* { 159. The fast; i/ S9 z7 C& F- B1 V
a) Fast of moral pressure; j3 b, g G: ^& {
b) Hunger strike, L; _# k( o- f" t! n" H8 }
c) Satyagrahic fast3 M9 F* i4 k3 u9 h, ~7 D
160. Reverse trial
6 R* B8 U" @$ [0 _ 161. Nonviolent harassment
9 G2 S; Z- b& Y8 K ?+ j; X
; i, d3 Q8 X& v+ WPhysical Intervention) q9 S0 c& ?3 S1 z
162. Sit-in
# H/ g. h5 G1 b7 k; P' q+ Q 163. Stand-in
: W9 Y5 v4 g) x 164. Ride-in4 l+ g: l2 T$ Z0 }" k1 K: ]
165. Wade-in- [# f8 [7 d% q) D* \5 r
166. Mill-in
0 e; }) B2 a; t' Z7 X$ _ 167. Pray-in7 G* V& o0 ]$ o
168. Nonviolent raids
& O5 P; |, \+ Y `, U3 D6 h 169. Nonviolent air raids
( W* z6 A7 o, \: o5 b 170. Nonviolent invasion
) m" ~: o1 ~+ x+ N b$ J5 T 171. Nonviolent interjection$ j7 x t+ L9 s7 J
172. Nonviolent obstruction
# H1 b8 |6 ^4 C! C5 b, @ \' e 173. Nonviolent occupation- r- O/ p' x: z( n0 e0 {
8 S5 Z6 ~2 c6 w
Social Intervention
/ o L0 O- H' `6 e 174. Establishing new social patterns
3 R* d9 [1 d; l8 ?8 h8 b/ K2 W, l. ] 175. Overloading of facilities
# b6 S1 h' R b( k. b% N* a$ t 176. Stall-in5 u o! ?8 Q9 G. V
177. Speak-in! i/ ^6 _$ d5 L: u/ I. O) D3 I" W
178. Guerrilla theater$ ?+ E- \& K2 o3 q3 b, e2 f
179. Alternative social institutions& h+ M; H9 C8 T, |0 _
180. Alternative communication system
8 T8 V; O5 ]. u: g7 H
+ i- {9 x% t+ c K# dEconomic Intervention$ o. W: T f; j. U+ U6 I
181. Reverse strike8 Q1 @, W; q L! G7 C( Q
182. Stay-in strike
9 m" K0 h9 x# q# n8 F2 A$ j% y 183. Nonviolent land seizure
( t; g, J5 [" L' c; C( w 184. Defiance of blockades. `! _5 {( I* s: I3 j& t
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# \0 j" l8 N0 j 186. Preclusive purchasing
6 k' L- @7 c' D, j 187. Seizure of assets. r/ D1 V$ n, n% g8 K: b) Y
188. Dumping. B( f" b K5 n7 s H0 i0 d S/ g
189. Selective patronage
: W( T" `2 U' l5 {) U$ t 190. Alternative markets4 k$ @) |7 |: m9 l) N
191. Alternative transportation systems2 B" D1 l+ @! `7 X( X
192. Alternative economic institutions
9 I! e* |+ ]) e4 p# P6 v( _9 R$ u( l
Political Intervention1 B7 r4 E- }7 n, b+ s+ P4 P
193. Overloading of administrative systems" G4 m X) j! X, C* {- m( u; W% ]
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; d6 H9 l- I. p 195. Seeking imprisonment
! n; }7 ^" ~! F4 Q 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& m$ ^9 i* D# R f1 l1 K! ` 197. Work-on without collaboration& R% ]6 r& f3 O( b0 d, j! N2 D
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ e0 ~+ h) E! s" z. t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
