 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ y7 o, ~" P2 |/ fFormal Statements
! c& z3 ]4 z6 _* E5 L/ X6 [: Z 1. Public Speeches
" E& k$ t& _$ k& U% f7 S7 m 2. Letters of opposition or support
$ }' m& F9 t/ k+ f' c- M% | 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 R: P" z ?. `% u5 h+ s
4. Signed public statements k; i5 N; {/ ~/ l" E0 N2 x; Y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! m& v B3 P' x4 g+ ]4 e' w6 d 6. Group or mass petitions
6 }& N8 l; q& h3 J1 ^; c9 c7 r, h- B( T1 y4 R
Communications with a Wider Audience$ Z; z# k5 ~; Z1 q% ~1 D5 R4 b
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* M( A( Z6 [/ U6 {% _; ` 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 @7 C" s B. I! ] 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" R6 T }6 }" M8 y2 a
10. Newspapers and journals
, |1 V; Z' r* Q, v 11. Records, radio, and television
, o! A0 k' ~. g 12. Skywriting and earthwriting: h9 t7 U/ H; r+ W
1 b" W. T C0 }/ Y; q) z. n6 H
Group Representations
3 ]$ l8 Q- w: L6 B$ i( o 13. Deputations
, U1 E1 S) \, G7 s; E 14. Mock awards) i0 o( Q" v' g5 |8 U, l
15. Group lobbying
/ T( Q$ p5 Z2 h- q, @/ U* T 16. Picketing% G5 e1 A4 [" e6 p- r. j
17. Mock elections
; q/ f( W! {8 K+ R+ e Y( B, X8 A; G$ R& b
Symbolic Public Acts
) w8 n/ o+ k- h2 ^ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors! Z. [7 S4 _% ^% X$ _: p
19. Wearing of symbols
0 |0 B4 \- C7 X, V, q 20. Prayer and worship, {4 W$ Y% z. I" ^; c
21. Delivering symbolic objects) F! |, d+ P! `7 v& T
22. Protest disrobings) S- D" y; v; h A4 q* n; t% X
23. Destruction of own property' R! Q7 T( z, _0 \* a
24. Symbolic lights
7 F: ^. x- i: h- d$ B 25. Displays of portraits
k w' b6 `% O4 w 26. Paint as protest5 c8 y2 E' Z5 G; ?- P# l" b" C6 r
27. New signs and names
9 f( J- J4 y* o D- s3 [. S9 Y 28. Symbolic sounds
3 w1 `8 @( M6 @6 f) ^1 B9 l1 f 29. Symbolic reclamations
7 f% J9 k2 L# Z) P+ T 30. Rude gestures
) x# ?" i5 c$ Q) C$ t0 K5 \1 t6 g4 i$ u; J" d
Pressures on Individuals
]+ v& q `* \% G0 I 31. “Haunting” officials
( R' L C& _0 n+ E& e" x8 p v 32. Taunting officials
: ]6 b# M+ u: E# s" N 33. Fraternization
, [+ ]! {( F0 `, k 34. Vigils J4 }* d k+ \! X2 e
8 ]4 b3 h! a4 w) W
Drama and Music% ^. s% y/ l6 r
35. Humorous skits and pranks/ x( c1 W- F7 C7 m
36. Performances of plays and music
4 K, O+ q; n d 37. Singing
8 Q4 v6 a8 R$ K) D6 M; Z' E9 Q% H9 U9 \0 a
Processions
- N+ i, ]6 [0 e# G5 @9 U. k3 M 38. Marches& {( _# A0 L" u' X2 l7 i
39. Parades: c4 v' v% l- h8 P% s& C
40. Religious processions9 X3 f$ w, T9 G' j3 ]
41. Pilgrimages# y5 G0 {$ w4 h! i
42. Motorcades; X5 v( [1 g! `$ G- D( N
J: C0 @3 y" i3 u$ M# \
Honoring the Dead L1 |7 F- H% z/ B% k
43. Political mourning3 L4 z' T8 j5 u, S. N' j' [
44. Mock funerals! ~' _* f( ?* `5 y1 h3 l
45. Demonstrative funerals
0 F6 g2 A, q1 \- i6 x* O( ^ 46. Homage at burial places
+ K+ b3 D& ^" ]4 C9 O" R
7 U4 e- K- A7 n7 rPublic Assemblies Z: U* {4 s& s) U/ L
47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ p( z, z( Z- c1 e: X7 o6 A, Q 48. Protest meetings
" i2 v x T" v( y9 O 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest: ?. A. s; M: y- u
50. Teach-ins; ]+ G4 B- f2 L5 j+ N, M, t% K$ m! @ p
( K& B- p8 H$ [/ `# o
Withdrawal and Renunciation
8 P# c1 {$ i& G, L2 Q 51. Walk-outs
/ z# g2 g7 ?/ k6 q, \ 52. Silence
% r* Y8 s& Y# O% Y: z9 K) F# Q 53. Renouncing honors
2 j8 ~ U4 V' s6 Q9 b% i8 m 54. Turning one’s back3 \# N* A* M* w! ~* ~
; i1 R# {0 s0 Z9 T( {
+ d( O0 ?4 L4 c! m
2 u0 _' U1 C( m/ l8 v0 FTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION: E2 k" g- B/ `0 o8 Q3 j! \9 Z4 k
" c% {/ V: [# h+ ~( A; u3 }
! F$ U4 B) p) k3 \( J/ c- Q( |0 s
: m# g7 n. U1 r# Z7 L5 \4 SOstracism of Persons
! {* C$ S+ T( Z! ~( r$ d 55. Social boycott0 z' _, y- }9 u% a/ z
56. Selective social boycott; C+ ], h% d8 Z8 ~1 s8 x
57. Lysistratic nonaction! B" R4 ]! n. D4 u! l5 j2 u
58. Excommunication
+ b! Q/ J& Y: O8 A2 g/ r 59. Interdict) a! W2 Y# h# L/ ?
* R$ G }. H; \- ~/ A3 y: d2 dNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; d# R9 h' G* `3 r5 F8 z/ T 60. Suspension of social and sports activities# p4 e& d" |' q3 W' b
61. Boycott of social affairs
) ]. A4 |- d% `0 P" o3 C 62. Student strike; s4 k% c1 Z# E! X8 Y# a
63. Social disobedience
3 V& R( Y' w o+ S+ {+ ~ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 u s! N. |/ t i
" R. s5 x7 B) j
Withdrawal from the Social System
! C& d$ t% a2 v. x. Y h/ u' m 65. Stay-at-home: W; o+ e) e9 p- y! c
66. Total personal noncooperation" O& Z" P( w- G1 L. y
67. “Flight” of workers# R$ s! |8 Z3 v0 y% [# |( z
68. Sanctuary
# B. I1 j, l# ?0 Z6 h/ ^; M0 I 69. Collective disappearance- o! c3 j! H& n6 q/ ~! H+ {
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
# A% S1 E" a( T4 x) b0 f
4 e: J* n9 d5 g! \% f: u
+ Q/ z& Y0 p0 @. A9 U0 r9 [4 l6 L' `: a# Z4 l0 G
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
% }& K; f$ \( F) P0 O& f
' |5 e# a3 V6 G, H& S$ S( w
$ V- y5 E8 E" I, J) `: uActions by Consumers
! R( Q' |& G3 V# o- G 71. Consumers’ boycott+ x0 S' e+ Q$ q' x! a
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 X2 e, F( q# M& n# }/ ?
73. Policy of austerity: h2 D [& U% i2 @* Z! ^& I; T
74. Rent withholding: c- s5 p3 }: j1 y. A
75. Refusal to rent
{% Y. R6 t% N6 M& r# b" V 76. National consumers’ boycott
1 C# P* j0 d& m; n( i+ t$ v/ V 77. International consumers’ boycott
5 W, Z' E# {5 p7 j9 L* h. ~( {3 B: t; P3 Q, f! F/ x0 D3 [4 Y8 y: o
Action by Workers and Producers# R9 T3 u0 Z" s6 ]
78. Workmen’s boycott6 N) T" z/ t; W4 L% ]) Z
79. Producers’ boycott% ?0 z+ j2 ?$ ]
0 u$ K# l' c' @, ~ S' `Action by Middlemen6 H. K+ h7 x/ o. z ^& c7 C
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
G. ?0 N. s: ^% x g% q9 r) d
# X" @$ P6 Q7 P% F) W6 s2 C% x. p4 tAction by Owners and Management
# L0 L3 \9 k, a9 p( A$ R1 \ 81. Traders’ boycott+ \( N6 C/ q5 _4 [9 p$ ^
82. Refusal to let or sell property
( w1 g) T1 r5 t, f$ M- ` S0 }5 D 83. Lockout
. E$ c) A, ]; ?$ { 84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 h' ]& F8 {( N, H2 C/ T
85. Merchants’ “general strike”! \8 A0 b) F& l+ C
) |, T( d8 T1 L; {" E# _
Action by Holders of Financial Resources( z7 F4 L$ M. X7 O$ t8 @
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) R4 {( i5 B& j( A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ B P3 m' ~2 }2 c- [- g6 t( } 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest3 X) Y6 S; G4 t |. v
89. Severance of funds and credit" a" E6 s* C$ `! {
90. Revenue refusal
- F' G1 U% s2 n/ G. Z. e 91. Refusal of a government’s money
- }! y7 W/ p& P i; ~# g! \; O1 e- J6 [
Action by Governments' X8 T; J9 f* K! }) E0 x
92. Domestic embargo
$ X4 k" ?0 x6 _* |9 T 93. Blacklisting of traders7 m" H5 a' F7 _. o% {+ g
94. International sellers’ embargo& t. u, o) ]2 S, Z1 G
95. International buyers’ embargo
8 K$ w3 j, I3 l1 ?: y* T* u 96. International trade embargo2 q" v1 c( x2 m* e/ ^
4 w; W, `3 ] s6 w+ [9 [$ N$ x( ~
# ?6 @3 H% V: p
% F8 {" E& T0 K) v( W
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 H3 r. c, q% H0 S E3 W
, b8 q5 c# J7 w: |( Z5 V! a
3 g) I8 u" X) z0 i2 n" z+ I9 _Symbolic Strikes7 f) S6 d$ m. O! o
97. Protest strike) m* c0 Y& Y1 i2 T) W B* H+ S- T
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. ^0 }8 B9 j7 W7 C0 ~9 ~+ n- c
- @* [ a/ B, C& N% J1 z2 ^% r: E: W( \Agricultural Strikes
% K! i: [7 U, |' I9 P1 ?) F- q 99. Peasant strike
. a. _# V( X' r7 X% F: i, E. L- G 100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 d" e% o3 I; z6 D, Y* ]; P8 D4 W6 o# f2 e3 N. x- p2 A7 K$ X" F
Strikes by Special Groups
- \! H' u! s9 u* [8 N' } 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 z: @+ v, j7 k4 ]. e: U( @3 K 102. Prisoners’ strike4 L7 H3 P% T/ X
103. Craft strike
6 c* f8 g, N* d; s 104. Professional strike d- u# M7 k, Y, b! e
( ]6 X' N( f4 [% F! R
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' j8 V ]3 w$ [4 ~" M- P3 c, M 105. Establishment strike
. g: }0 |+ ]) a" i" H/ F' Y" E3 w 106. Industry strike
# N( r+ s3 ^) m$ g1 w 107. Sympathetic strike( K5 P0 _( U+ G: v+ M! y3 Q
/ ]4 Y( @4 ^8 t" KRestricted Strikes; n/ M2 w1 ~0 p- k. e
108. Detailed strike8 g( a; D; k" G# Y3 Q
109. Bumper strike
' P* t! x P* v, Q 110. Slowdown strike
* M3 T0 @3 m$ l- k 111. Working-to-rule strike
/ U7 F6 E6 O8 U I: z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 J* H6 f' E# [& m
113. Strike by resignation
' v! a; h# t( D7 X5 ?9 y& U 114. Limited strike7 L$ l( n1 q. @5 f/ e; L9 z
115. Selective strike0 k) W9 T' g" y
9 i" K; \0 U$ f3 g5 R' h XMulti-Industry Strikes
1 ]9 ~; o! ]$ ]
( i$ ^ N+ D7 x/ j& C# {! Z 116. Generalized strike
9 b2 z3 r" d" X8 n- O( h3 {3 a! Z
117. General strike
( J& R. l7 z' E3 O) }8 F' l' s5 J9 M0 M# O! h, o
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 n% r/ E0 ^6 p2 h! D
4 h' ]" T v+ j5 H {6 o& w F. E 118. Hartal0 @6 h( F8 z0 D6 _+ i, S+ l
& A, j" g$ }/ `' y- u 119. Economic shutdown- A" J u6 \& R5 L
3 A1 f5 w% C' G- w, |; c9 U# X 8 i; w4 r) ~7 b0 _; r
( `2 z6 b! [: p* ]5 ?1 Z0 T
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
" t- U) M7 x: L& g
# I/ [* q1 S! S" G ' `5 V0 E g% P0 Q
Rejection of Authority) w, z+ l% G) X. n1 M7 V0 X
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance! n* R2 z4 X0 X6 }+ X) o
121. Refusal of public support
/ x! ?; r6 T0 N5 u4 U& ` 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 ^5 E; }# r" G2 P, P/ ?& s8 x) A5 u3 Y0 S3 O9 g Q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 j( o2 E# |6 B! m% I- i
123. Boycott of legislative bodies# ~; A7 t# q1 j& S' ~ Z
124. Boycott of elections9 i' `" L) Y- p% _9 N, f: n4 {
125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ B4 s7 h' f. N3 m
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 ?9 c% ^2 m+ U$ ]) @+ G
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ o' |: @6 r( ] R' Y 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; N- C8 ~ w* A; U 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& P4 h- B/ T' i+ x/ V 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) [1 Z8 B: a9 _) p S+ F 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' ]1 k. D. D6 ~+ P
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
$ X+ W7 c( |% [# b; Z, \1 I: |" d; ?: z# f2 N# g' A. h
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ o3 m& J* L6 l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 D, e' s% w1 } Z/ j3 w, J
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) i* V {- q1 h
135. Popular nonobedience) n5 v4 }2 r( x m
136. Disguised disobedience/ V% N! b' l: s; b
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 Y: j0 R! H" C, x 138. Sitdown7 A3 \* R( f4 Z# i7 m: V L
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
9 n9 n+ N% e2 y5 j 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# O2 n ]5 ]* [5 d+ M
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% q, q9 \: l3 v
/ _/ I8 o n3 o/ @Action by Government Personnel
5 I0 `' w( l/ _: R' u% _) k 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( q% b4 P8 J5 U: t 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 J5 U5 k! U8 | 144. Stalling and obstruction
! K' g- ~1 N# q7 }( e9 i! p& y 145. General administrative noncooperation
* D1 T/ B+ U1 U$ G6 H; k! U) ?" |
$ z1 N! m" `/ A( Q 146. Judicial noncooperation$ u; G7 e2 U% x
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% [* T) U7 n) Y$ u# A( E/ p
148. Mutiny
) X6 E) P/ \) R0 H6 ?+ D+ IDomestic Governmental Action
% \5 {. I0 B0 ^; ` 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays g: l9 d& N* T# y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; n+ L D: n5 R* H! B( d1 T' g
International Governmental Action
$ |# y7 U. S/ t! H; Z- H: ] 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" t* T- E# u; i. x$ u 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 i, ^& e0 N4 i X- Y, R, k5 z9 K2 |
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 z: e$ v0 r# y* }8 p, E/ D
154. Severance of diplomatic relations; k/ }$ D2 e+ r+ s g: ^
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 x* [1 u+ N7 `0 l4 U' G8 Z 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' p1 i" @5 V/ x
157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 f' ?7 Q9 Q4 x7 A9 {; F
( c: b# q; H2 q, h5 p8 U5 p$ v/ f, r6 v
8 l. P/ H9 r, _7 e e7 i' D$ K* \) i# `
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
7 P/ d6 J: H( R X0 o7 [) F
; Z6 V6 o# n+ A# r6 p f' M 5 B/ O) b/ A" W, V
Psychological Intervention
/ L0 q% m1 g( i# |5 u# C- f 158. Self-exposure to the elements
* i: S( w7 m8 C0 Y) _ 159. The fast$ E$ v. O k. n6 _# g! l
a) Fast of moral pressure
0 b. O' y- L$ C5 ~ b) Hunger strike
+ N6 P4 N8 L# v9 r8 r" C. X. k c) Satyagrahic fast# L5 Y9 j- |; o1 t0 G- D3 @3 L1 Y
160. Reverse trial
) B2 f& p% e4 n: R8 L8 [# @/ V6 O 161. Nonviolent harassment/ H" E: ?# I5 I1 U
0 m, h- C: w5 J @/ A8 w5 q5 |3 \
Physical Intervention
: e3 u5 i+ s9 j3 C/ h9 A' h9 E 162. Sit-in" E" y! |, v0 o7 b5 y+ C& |
163. Stand-in8 G' e: y; |1 d9 e) ? u1 n
164. Ride-in
6 j, O" N5 @5 ?9 Z; @ 165. Wade-in" G/ H5 Q; Z- a' S7 I2 G5 H: f
166. Mill-in7 E7 J C" U6 Z8 H) @
167. Pray-in
& a r4 x) {6 K$ U 168. Nonviolent raids
) m* y9 m ?& l 169. Nonviolent air raids& @* T) x8 V/ E7 J4 O3 c% x+ y- ]) U
170. Nonviolent invasion
$ g# @3 g* u$ ?( U6 a; t; T 171. Nonviolent interjection$ u9 A; ?4 G4 y1 _' e! O, |/ ?
172. Nonviolent obstruction
. L0 a) O- H3 G1 z2 [ 173. Nonviolent occupation1 b0 R. R9 P6 ~/ W5 p, `
+ }2 C5 z7 M: t/ rSocial Intervention
. ^& E2 @; O, n+ r: N w0 K 174. Establishing new social patterns
2 }2 x: m% [- F l 175. Overloading of facilities
; _/ g+ y, @8 R3 b; S 176. Stall-in
/ d* R7 ~7 A* o6 x2 U2 R# p5 }: H 177. Speak-in
% ]4 K9 y. ^ f& h1 l x 178. Guerrilla theater8 G; S9 z+ X6 ^5 b% c) f
179. Alternative social institutions8 ?" d6 ]& d% N. g& u( {% r
180. Alternative communication system |, U& [" n1 f. a1 {
+ W6 i$ d- o+ l% e; aEconomic Intervention' }0 d( d3 f: A$ w5 O; L. N- F
181. Reverse strike
" f0 Y: T6 r9 i% I; Q% w, |& z, T 182. Stay-in strike
9 x+ y) o3 v. d& g" T' J2 r! I0 p 183. Nonviolent land seizure
* {) x3 S0 @0 a 184. Defiance of blockades
; x Z* C! z, q" w$ l 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' T$ a3 I/ F1 B) J8 y, K5 Y
186. Preclusive purchasing
) x) R6 h2 h5 Q( R2 S5 s 187. Seizure of assets: n' x/ |# {8 S: @$ y
188. Dumping
6 T- d; C& @; d( Q! D: r 189. Selective patronage, x, E' s9 P$ P: a' t" c. J
190. Alternative markets2 {. A$ J& a7 `. B5 g) v3 H
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 A; L# D; G( h3 D, c% U# u 192. Alternative economic institutions
; d) j& I; R6 l4 g* Z, c5 A& N2 N1 F% ~4 v+ S
Political Intervention, i3 b# }7 E7 @8 V/ Y4 V9 p
193. Overloading of administrative systems
# W9 n1 L$ \) W; S( ^ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ c+ Z2 \( W* e; |3 Q
195. Seeking imprisonment0 ?4 l: \" | j9 x: Y2 d
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, A$ Q* {' O: F; B- h1 x' F6 L
197. Work-on without collaboration$ Y1 L% F" V j; ]/ y
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 S# y1 a: S; y! \" [/ \# r6 _
& q! T: n8 h( @* R4 @ |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
