 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) W/ h f- x: uFormal Statements
, V$ b3 J: {6 J+ g, v 1. Public Speeches: k0 Q2 y% p& l" s! ?5 k v
2. Letters of opposition or support& e' \" n1 h! r) |- D5 N4 E
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# ^" j q7 p: S4 M! o# l 4. Signed public statements
) O. a5 \! s# \( D 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% c b* s: I0 M 6. Group or mass petitions# w/ I& C6 y2 r$ a
5 i5 B4 W) N+ @- ^8 gCommunications with a Wider Audience* e6 ]4 N+ U2 q- e/ r$ ], U- F
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
3 E" w# X5 K. f, J3 L 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% \" J3 n. c- L" J- b( ~ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
& R, `2 Y: V; y3 ~ 10. Newspapers and journals
; C" @: ^/ @9 ]) u- i- m) M 11. Records, radio, and television
( F' |7 Y/ C2 p/ X( j5 ?2 T- F 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ b+ a, k6 ~; S& F: H
* A- _, y, o* R6 a4 s! vGroup Representations: L( {$ Q% T! ^* _
13. Deputations: z8 e' m' q- V0 [/ ~
14. Mock awards" W8 O1 B+ w( U$ K ?
15. Group lobbying( n5 x: _. C; R8 a9 D
16. Picketing/ {+ V. {, t% r* O' n# O
17. Mock elections
, V- z! T6 Z' @4 h
4 }( Y! g, v. ?/ z4 `Symbolic Public Acts
* V G! C. [. t* k- m6 ^ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ h, Q3 I+ y. U, U 19. Wearing of symbols
% i* W ~- a! [ 20. Prayer and worship
; H' g) u) _. l& f+ ?' [ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 f" w# b1 o$ g- |5 {: J/ K' ~ 22. Protest disrobings
& K( V3 R7 }! I% h I ~5 c/ O, D 23. Destruction of own property
; _) M' \; `4 H0 ]& i* V V 24. Symbolic lights1 E; S" h( v' n3 u% N
25. Displays of portraits6 J& [' G. j# T4 Y
26. Paint as protest9 j, X( D, @* l
27. New signs and names; o. Z% y+ e- W# e
28. Symbolic sounds
: d" i& J% q7 \ 29. Symbolic reclamations
9 x6 }! F9 x: W" i" a! R 30. Rude gestures4 a. J, A$ J2 C2 N7 M& v1 T ]
2 ?3 K# _5 T3 B
Pressures on Individuals
" N8 |4 |& e" N* y 31. “Haunting” officials
- e" Z. l6 U/ `( r' x; r6 e9 b 32. Taunting officials
! V* {( D5 g1 h4 y& W6 Q! T 33. Fraternization
- }, ?- u6 o, d) O 34. Vigils
# Q/ B, f1 H4 d% f. Y. E, |1 u+ g2 \ F0 o3 y6 s: Q
Drama and Music2 I8 j' s$ q* W4 ~" C8 _
35. Humorous skits and pranks
* G L Z' W7 d. d 36. Performances of plays and music
3 H4 p# Z$ a4 a- j4 V! ~6 m 37. Singing
( p4 k9 H4 _! K5 y% S9 J$ J7 U% h9 k0 @
Processions- e& }9 F: ^4 s
38. Marches% N1 ?$ Z9 Y- M( Q- t* w% n
39. Parades
- U' S/ @2 z4 [. u2 W+ A6 ]% x 40. Religious processions2 v; b4 B, i' Y6 E0 H) h
41. Pilgrimages
) v# R" o7 x. O8 D 42. Motorcades
1 b3 D1 x4 R8 h L( u) Z9 l) S: r( h
Honoring the Dead3 `/ i k0 L5 T4 `
43. Political mourning
% h3 A( |' C. s4 `( P% C0 u9 V: J 44. Mock funerals! k( n! `* v4 n% X, b6 `
45. Demonstrative funerals
+ y3 U/ c4 ^" j1 }+ [! J5 g 46. Homage at burial places7 d$ j3 W3 @; ^0 N+ }% ~
$ D, }+ p! T: }$ o4 p& D
Public Assemblies7 p+ i5 c& A4 e. y9 q) i
47. Assemblies of protest or support
) s3 w! K2 j0 b; ]5 _1 L( l 48. Protest meetings0 f- }: K1 y- W1 A4 O
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest, @! T3 r" I/ e5 \* S6 g2 Z
50. Teach-ins
" j1 y) X& X# l) M9 H7 {4 u5 ]9 W: K+ |: B& G0 l% X* C9 \; r
Withdrawal and Renunciation
2 p0 V* D) |2 n0 i- H, L% C 51. Walk-outs: w ^! u1 A% ]6 z0 L+ C) c& g* b* X
52. Silence
! p" Y, D P$ t ~' y 53. Renouncing honors. y% b( E; S/ ^/ B
54. Turning one’s back
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: P- r# q1 W& X" j- ?! @
7 h: Z p5 u1 S* {' r e! I$ G0 a/ T/ S: `
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 p3 o( o* z: _$ E: d9 P' @2 E9 D2 ?/ ^, l* r6 d9 t3 U8 B
V' E2 R6 ?6 o5 O9 g4 J
9 ~1 J1 \) n* \; \8 [0 D4 vOstracism of Persons
2 ?( G1 F/ a5 z8 h7 E 55. Social boycott# r0 ], i0 ]5 C" k b4 Z, z8 }
56. Selective social boycott5 ~) L) @- h8 f; A. `, X" b6 R) I* Y$ J) h
57. Lysistratic nonaction/ q6 V, c& j% x
58. Excommunication) N, i/ G$ U5 q+ f8 ?1 q+ v, ]2 ?
59. Interdict w6 F6 H, W/ T, w# F
1 K2 J2 i2 d% t& E4 I
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 ^/ |' E. N6 f' m. Q* d
60. Suspension of social and sports activities, \6 U$ I8 a0 Y; H g; \9 U2 X
61. Boycott of social affairs
. Q' p; k6 s7 w$ j2 j2 \7 Q* d 62. Student strike4 V4 `. q7 a* d
63. Social disobedience
3 @$ u4 b# b1 N1 r. h) ]8 \5 A 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! [# x: F j1 c' Y7 i$ u+ k. w
& e. G: h- X6 y3 e3 K
Withdrawal from the Social System4 M6 I3 p1 E, R+ A2 f T/ z: {" h2 u
65. Stay-at-home
1 q( p4 m9 E" W2 U1 q 66. Total personal noncooperation3 S/ ~ W. D& X5 o+ V
67. “Flight” of workers) a$ |! j6 s/ \( |
68. Sanctuary
9 t T5 E5 p2 G* N& H/ t. J 69. Collective disappearance6 A" @- ]3 V# A4 o
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 p, A2 D- j& P0 [ |% `3 u
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( }4 l4 w7 L6 p4 o7 M- a- m$ I+ V% j$ ?! M$ `0 ^! u8 Q, S
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 [0 S* o! K. h3 s; _6 s
. ]& z" \- g5 J: Z0 ^ ; G) t' s0 W$ m7 T
Actions by Consumers$ g2 I) M# N+ C' w
71. Consumers’ boycott
, q* p# o1 V1 K7 M( o9 T% e. V 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' J$ U. |% @) g( \
73. Policy of austerity
6 X3 u6 ]' U& a# n5 k1 _ 74. Rent withholding
9 D3 S9 ?8 a5 g9 [( l' Q/ V0 { 75. Refusal to rent
: o& {' s& T' G2 h A 76. National consumers’ boycott
: m- E: b* `2 U6 n) M 77. International consumers’ boycott
6 b7 n# ]; ?6 p% E8 f
# q* n: R3 V% ~) A7 jAction by Workers and Producers1 d5 _# ~% _; e# [
78. Workmen’s boycott8 _' C6 i. E% U n* @4 z! ]
79. Producers’ boycott
. G0 t/ U6 w0 ~5 }: N- f2 @/ H
% q4 Z6 p4 _8 {% F4 [( n; J) [Action by Middlemen, ?6 s ^5 V3 k* r4 n8 b
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% I8 i9 V( g. p5 U. S
$ t+ N3 A% p8 G0 ?
Action by Owners and Management6 Z" y+ ]+ s3 W
81. Traders’ boycott
* G/ _ y$ n, A* a 82. Refusal to let or sell property
& G* t: E1 O4 K9 @7 d 83. Lockout% w& O( M3 a2 z7 U2 V' t# w
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* T3 I2 b; k* k- `$ l9 E! P w$ x 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 K: Z& X0 l! z' {1 t8 v* Y9 F& F4 S1 O
" _5 X3 q4 n1 w4 |" a! b8 o/ b. i% ]) aAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! J) G% |: J7 \8 ? 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 w: V# o( H" S$ N i 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' x$ O9 A, w% k
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest3 T \: n, v0 B9 q7 j7 C
89. Severance of funds and credit
; |8 j" Q8 i! c 90. Revenue refusal
+ i! ?% k6 w4 E( L# y 91. Refusal of a government’s money+ e3 ]" H2 ~+ {; A
) M& c+ \- F7 l* i9 Z1 s3 wAction by Governments
3 c. n7 m* V7 l. S 92. Domestic embargo
4 ?, V+ v% {8 [; _$ Y3 J5 q( Q 93. Blacklisting of traders8 s% m1 o6 q2 N5 y2 ^ b0 e
94. International sellers’ embargo. A& U2 k4 Q, m/ ~4 V! e% H/ u9 L$ I
95. International buyers’ embargo
" ]6 g, m% [1 i! g* I, E/ O 96. International trade embargo
+ c" u& h9 J( }* z8 R/ j
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* h: A9 D% q3 {0 f( P
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; k+ d& G# F) |2 z3 l2 s
7 W/ a( I( {' D5 z. ^9 n) z8 l
# Q$ P0 v+ L! h; Q2 U
Symbolic Strikes
0 x% W' ]! \6 G: a, w* B# A9 k9 X 97. Protest strike
5 Z" [& f$ N( Z. B5 p' Q1 t; a 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); T" ^" J3 o( m
% ~/ ?- l, L% g! r* EAgricultural Strikes
`5 f4 g: G! M4 D6 ?) N- T5 ] 99. Peasant strike
% J# L6 k. _9 l/ X2 ?/ ^, c2 x 100. Farm Workers’ strike$ K) d0 P5 R+ n& v3 Z( N
! `# i/ t1 |4 y2 H( s m4 E* O
Strikes by Special Groups. q/ d# E( c% R
101. Refusal of impressed labor8 h* ~/ w9 c+ m. o, \
102. Prisoners’ strike
" }8 s2 ?/ c' {+ U" @' W! T- ]2 f 103. Craft strike
6 k( v q5 G7 m 104. Professional strike7 S) W( I, [! j& F+ _% [" p% U
7 F3 E7 `8 V) _- SOrdinary Industrial Strikes& z" O1 Y4 s( J' m
105. Establishment strike# E/ ^7 u# f8 y$ ~% ~* E/ o* S; u& l. j
106. Industry strike
+ U. s! w+ G$ f0 u 107. Sympathetic strike; d9 }4 k' |5 O* w& E4 U
1 V3 U5 \7 t1 Y9 O. m: `
Restricted Strikes! m( d' N, `. K2 f& q8 Z
108. Detailed strike$ k( e! ]/ R( P" `+ D5 l8 P
109. Bumper strike
9 `- B" b1 y8 |2 ^ 110. Slowdown strike5 \ Y4 U+ ^) ~
111. Working-to-rule strike ]3 s* d9 J0 d$ j# t9 A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 S5 V( I6 x% D5 P; ?6 i 113. Strike by resignation
& v" Q* Z5 C$ c 114. Limited strike7 S6 @+ i2 B2 V7 v
115. Selective strike) _% Q* G- C! z' ~( p N* ~+ n
( ? T- i0 e9 @" g f# l
Multi-Industry Strikes
% K1 q' E4 r- B9 B
7 _1 C, v, ]8 Z 116. Generalized strike
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. |% T% A6 d$ N" }6 ~6 s+ G. z$ d3 ^ 117. General strike
; G4 s9 n9 \. R( W: l, T' j7 M; S' D1 R6 a0 b; t2 }
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures& O) H K% D4 U' \& _ s; \
5 R" C" W& _* ]% m$ B) O. R 118. Hartal0 |. L A7 x9 C# i) ?) T; s
) E G$ U/ S$ s1 ~ Q2 n$ r
119. Economic shutdown, y! {+ E) v* j, h. f+ ?8 R+ m
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) n% e% G3 ~# y0 Z: HTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 i9 ?: z$ I. z6 s- J* e" w
: H' n/ Z3 d( `! [' J & y. x' v# h" {: i# \
Rejection of Authority; m3 D6 a. }! A4 k
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( a- o- ^' U0 _0 ]0 y4 e/ j 121. Refusal of public support, a6 x; G4 ?4 ?) W, f
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 [% v3 C) o- M1 M# o( K, F& e* [$ E9 ?1 w6 f, ^: X
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) `3 [/ L- t1 ~9 `$ \% ` 123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 {. E' o, y. b' J/ a
124. Boycott of elections8 k1 A! M0 ~ W1 D# R
125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 a" p% @7 X6 C. U- Q: ?" h; M; F
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ M: S) e% X- u' S% a! B
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ P# l7 Z; d8 [/ B% H. k 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" [, L. ?& O+ h" d* U' R4 b 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. U: r* A1 g4 {9 w 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 B' Z% x" _0 |* ]% L' n2 M- ? 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 [7 Q) O) |' [( d
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ x1 Y: ]% J5 ~$ ^1 E# ?4 T9 D1 c' `
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 x B" u, d: C& T# r, r$ | 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 r( P7 f% P8 Z8 }+ l% r) X8 _ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ I1 Z& z% B- F( ]& r& ?* ~* R: z 135. Popular nonobedience6 ]2 A& X& U4 j5 j. S; \- U3 l& ~6 P
136. Disguised disobedience
1 Q5 `: G5 s9 c# _! Y# j8 m6 d 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse) A9 D! {1 }% d+ h
138. Sitdown
6 W* D( f4 R3 N, W9 D! r) {2 c 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 q- @- d: `2 _2 d 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
% ^0 }" {0 H G( l" J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 J( H4 V6 w( L; A6 V$ k; @2 j1 i) s+ D) ^' T9 S/ t: ^- e
Action by Government Personnel
4 e2 f8 H4 z5 X* V; `3 _5 t 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 v1 ^5 `; f+ Y( p 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: o2 y( d/ Z$ S5 W 144. Stalling and obstruction) d, F1 C7 w2 N% L$ F
145. General administrative noncooperation# a2 }) k* o' m9 Z# H0 Z
" B1 N( F6 i, K* e2 O- e 146. Judicial noncooperation
" m- `9 N% J z8 R! H& T/ {0 ]9 x& G 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 J) V0 Z; v7 Z- F
148. Mutiny
0 Q! ] H: \$ JDomestic Governmental Action
- Z! f; \. d. N* T 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" D# {! ~) V% ~! R6 e- z5 f6 G 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
% w6 N' ^1 b$ Y' P6 {
0 B+ r4 _; V5 \, TInternational Governmental Action
! ]; R- B1 I+ S6 i6 v( ~/ l$ ^ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( S( ]; ?, k4 J+ P7 Z c& i& i
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
) d( G, T4 r! k) Q: ?( P) O 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' J2 F% k6 i# K5 V' [7 H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! x+ Q& f7 s( c ]' I 155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ d( T4 Y- {! d2 b9 D: V( T
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 ]5 o* p0 ^1 Z" B% ~' t6 B& q5 f 157. Expulsion from international organizations
" l) O9 [0 A) r- W3 K5 D2 t4 E8 C/ Z# k0 U1 P1 C' N
9 e! z% `! y5 g, s8 l3 I- x$ l
$ s: _0 c6 j3 I6 G) F3 nTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 P8 R& `, C# n( i. T: Y5 |6 Z j6 Q/ \$ ?
9 \$ X% H2 e* L$ C1 h1 c g, i
Psychological Intervention! n$ q' c9 y( Z" x
158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 c5 t% {3 l' W7 S- { 159. The fast% q9 I c& S' M U+ n9 O
a) Fast of moral pressure, p1 M8 k+ i. q1 v U
b) Hunger strike8 C& }% j+ s" ?. D9 x# k
c) Satyagrahic fast, [' v+ j- |# X) N) y" @, |5 L) b
160. Reverse trial9 F8 K- K+ \! J% j) p3 N
161. Nonviolent harassment y Z+ `, i8 w- Y- @0 K- v3 |
5 U0 m& u( S/ E" R6 ?9 L
Physical Intervention
, D7 |/ I& o; C& G3 Y; X 162. Sit-in
/ [/ A. U# M. M: p: j% A" Y& Y9 B 163. Stand-in( i K/ o8 m4 `# d" k+ E& K
164. Ride-in
+ s# b/ R8 G% v2 i 165. Wade-in
0 H8 u1 m5 t# ^& @8 { 166. Mill-in6 y/ E( A% H! j* i
167. Pray-in
: {7 p, l" R" Z: ^ S. V2 [ 168. Nonviolent raids
* c7 T& }; c# A9 S# |3 o J 169. Nonviolent air raids
6 F) j: \, z+ h: b 170. Nonviolent invasion8 n% G w& r3 X4 k
171. Nonviolent interjection
" J* U/ D5 f c 172. Nonviolent obstruction
. o/ p2 U. n9 J$ p5 D. N 173. Nonviolent occupation+ K* ~6 k* p H8 O# t0 F
3 C- s& V0 ^ r& l. ASocial Intervention' X8 ~8 A/ |# A0 ~) n2 _! A
174. Establishing new social patterns" _: U. {8 F; n; H
175. Overloading of facilities
% _/ U/ }3 F6 f+ a$ w" W, K 176. Stall-in
9 w9 i/ P. Z6 K. u! M+ s 177. Speak-in& u f* A. M* G, z. b& @
178. Guerrilla theater a/ @9 Z; Y# w* l/ S
179. Alternative social institutions5 R! _* e3 `0 X$ o( G3 |
180. Alternative communication system
" j$ v. J) E. t0 @ V
. J' j" y5 _; P5 R JEconomic Intervention
9 t0 B, v8 s# ^8 e 181. Reverse strike
* {6 P) E5 n# v$ z9 p6 u 182. Stay-in strike) j! @- g1 y8 r" I) C7 r9 G9 G: M
183. Nonviolent land seizure6 Q/ Y/ h8 e7 o0 v
184. Defiance of blockades
, B& b4 Y2 P) a 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* n# |0 D) X' F: }% D* T* z
186. Preclusive purchasing
( ~% m- s/ D2 H3 H' d 187. Seizure of assets
4 Y4 Z& e0 o0 ] H, n 188. Dumping! ]" y! V+ d; d V# b/ H$ o1 S
189. Selective patronage, k6 D/ k, l/ I. T& e
190. Alternative markets
' y/ Q6 Y/ k! j1 @, X6 m7 U 191. Alternative transportation systems
S) ?% `% z/ F, }% \& D2 l 192. Alternative economic institutions$ _6 a* F. C% y, I9 d3 R
8 q# c, _6 l; g3 V4 ^% \
Political Intervention
9 V. O& O4 O8 d6 N5 z: J2 n( D 193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 r+ C3 g$ A# w% L6 n2 r) e 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
# ?+ R4 S- p- t9 H 195. Seeking imprisonment
- V8 _6 J, j. {2 U9 P. d5 t* Y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% ~( J5 W2 ^0 ?; V, c+ U2 M 197. Work-on without collaboration1 N0 {( R$ ^8 @! m: b; x" H/ l
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 u8 F. G- A8 K7 d3 E4 z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
