 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 i- y. F7 C( n4 p* Y; y
Formal Statements
4 X) p2 n2 p3 p# M9 P: V5 p8 ]1 ~, k2 s1 { 1. Public Speeches
: a6 A0 _1 H5 Q! U 2. Letters of opposition or support3 X; e3 M# I9 |% B
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# C, ]0 U3 h. d; k) G/ f! [5 o. U 4. Signed public statements; K4 S' f( o) d |1 u
5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 f6 a8 a* ?6 Z/ s
6. Group or mass petitions8 H" i0 @/ S. E) t8 j* u
& G5 ]8 o! Z H8 |' i* k" [0 J; D
Communications with a Wider Audience- R& ~: I3 G$ G6 u( R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& `3 x/ O; t; W3 p8 c7 I 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 c* x- k" u1 V- _+ \; Z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- ]/ b- a4 `$ i( E ]0 V 10. Newspapers and journals+ V* \$ Z) m) Z: _3 \
11. Records, radio, and television
5 w8 |' z9 C7 R, I; x 12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 B3 e' j' n! ^
7 H6 \' K9 X/ X
Group Representations
1 f0 {. S9 F/ U+ x$ a# k 13. Deputations
5 d. U% v6 V7 p6 Y3 K# d 14. Mock awards, ?8 X4 ~0 O2 R
15. Group lobbying
& X9 N2 b" W/ R& [- ` 16. Picketing, e& _, g, `# C: t3 @5 M
17. Mock elections6 K* ?5 a5 B9 f0 x4 i- e
9 ]5 F6 q; l. }& ^ ZSymbolic Public Acts* k$ `& ~; I( D2 x! ~
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. K7 J' d1 x4 [8 c" ?; R2 C
19. Wearing of symbols
- ^1 a2 [& D4 ^( L4 g6 _ 20. Prayer and worship C* e; E9 v- H! M" v
21. Delivering symbolic objects! @0 W) e8 c3 g' @$ K5 Q# @
22. Protest disrobings0 g& u& ], U; e, M
23. Destruction of own property
8 n0 S8 G- k' M2 Z- q; P 24. Symbolic lights' v! f& h+ l1 ~5 @# _
25. Displays of portraits
1 @# J4 }) `. n% q0 n; Z 26. Paint as protest Z$ I8 b" b) [/ k$ W# V
27. New signs and names8 L' V8 {6 E! j* Y9 f2 _ T
28. Symbolic sounds
1 Z+ o3 f l/ w' [8 V 29. Symbolic reclamations
5 {6 `$ p/ O+ |" Z! \& \+ s. D 30. Rude gestures
: h4 w* \ s, E% R' x3 i7 u4 O. n$ k8 s, g W }
Pressures on Individuals: ]+ s( O! V: B/ D7 v3 k. e0 L
31. “Haunting” officials8 ~- l$ {! k: n9 ?% P5 `
32. Taunting officials
* m( `! L+ @' S- ^! M0 t; a 33. Fraternization
: J; s* U) P8 w% v 34. Vigils' t2 A0 Q1 a/ R3 |4 @* d" m8 ?
2 X, y5 [- c! h/ W% t
Drama and Music& t) v( Q' u* T; [, s
35. Humorous skits and pranks% L- e1 B8 k; l5 F/ E- w) [
36. Performances of plays and music
' I& |. s- b8 ~ 37. Singing
" Q2 L8 N1 b7 j2 G, h, `) N: s J
Processions
- E. ^ s* @+ ^/ x 38. Marches
( a3 h& W* `: g: s1 o+ y# Q8 g 39. Parades* j G7 j, w, o
40. Religious processions/ E$ Q1 H9 T5 @9 A/ q, A
41. Pilgrimages( S6 R+ w |+ G4 H
42. Motorcades
/ Y/ h7 \2 J1 c) k8 `9 g( M7 s$ D. @9 {6 }4 ~8 F" N& M6 t
Honoring the Dead
2 F8 `* f+ ^5 t0 ~/ u3 o8 r; V2 C 43. Political mourning
# I* }$ g M4 u$ m" m2 q& S K 44. Mock funerals) K; ~, J) d& q/ R k% _$ ?" i$ c
45. Demonstrative funerals
- x+ O; l; n! I+ a 46. Homage at burial places, a: U# g" q4 C- r K7 F2 A
" W5 s$ c0 {9 W, w0 `8 _
Public Assemblies
1 v9 E) l* k0 k& ?& u7 y% b 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ F( b2 ^7 h9 d% \# n
48. Protest meetings
' X# p: M* Z4 u( R 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 N: h1 j6 M( A, B 50. Teach-ins, m) P" n0 {. U7 h8 k% q
' L5 j2 Q4 ]6 O$ p* }$ o
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# V% V! U# O7 r. Q& R 51. Walk-outs
7 x- x# d' g( Q+ n+ j4 }# l% l 52. Silence
, g4 O& o0 a; o4 W 53. Renouncing honors
. X% B, d# y3 Q; e, { 54. Turning one’s back3 c! `1 R o: C( ~: n
' z4 K t( G% j7 f+ Q8 y$ M
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1 g: E/ s! V/ vTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 H/ v; v1 R) G0 F" `7 G1 y* c5 A2 ~+ r: _. G' D) s
Ostracism of Persons
9 O% _: s. S4 n 55. Social boycott
5 n5 l" l: l3 K 56. Selective social boycott
6 K; k7 y2 w6 @! M) ^2 |! I 57. Lysistratic nonaction; _" |/ J6 s- C. A' G! ~ w9 Q
58. Excommunication
. d1 C/ p. Q9 n$ ~0 X 59. Interdict
1 F- H* ~& G9 e' j# i, W* X
& n7 G' b. Q8 Z/ S7 b/ f/ Y9 R. gNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ v& R( B l) s$ E) S) I6 w
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( W! }% l0 @# [& \2 k0 g' C& z4 B 61. Boycott of social affairs/ ~( |: m% s- t7 ~( l4 ?
62. Student strike
' L$ S. p9 ~! O7 s2 J4 ~; W0 B3 w 63. Social disobedience1 }- B2 L( _+ c4 }& L
64. Withdrawal from social institutions" X6 l, y* J2 ?7 l
! N1 r0 R8 J- I0 @8 V: ?( DWithdrawal from the Social System* b: u2 `9 {. _& z# L. m- ?. k- _
65. Stay-at-home+ v( j8 @- Q( ^- U" R
66. Total personal noncooperation2 T( u' u& [3 ?* _. J9 j7 ?2 \
67. “Flight” of workers
1 w9 J. p7 @7 b) f- R 68. Sanctuary* G. Z5 {' P' C9 t: T( _7 d7 t
69. Collective disappearance
4 c+ j7 ^" W- z) n B# d" z$ j5 y1 g 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
2 c5 N, M c( u
& V. G- ~4 Z- f; W ) B/ r1 p. D/ U
( H& |8 _' N6 U# ~' n8 u7 CTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 R r/ [. y( Q* V
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3 q0 N) w& y% TActions by Consumers6 U; ?8 U- X- |7 Y3 m
71. Consumers’ boycott
/ z- k( [: Q# e5 P- z 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( o0 s9 m5 }, \$ G, n j 73. Policy of austerity
2 I; f Y* Z3 [! W7 Z5 c$ u 74. Rent withholding
+ O3 V4 v: i J* H# B# x" y 75. Refusal to rent
; {0 e" S2 \& k$ s N 76. National consumers’ boycott
: {6 E4 `( U' S' [ 77. International consumers’ boycott- Y6 o+ a$ B5 H- A/ a: \
/ y6 h0 j/ N5 C! D8 l
Action by Workers and Producers
: R& y i) W F5 U 78. Workmen’s boycott
3 \5 O R9 l3 ?! N7 O- W+ M 79. Producers’ boycott
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! P( n# C$ y v2 k2 vAction by Middlemen# k* a' R6 X! C; C
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 Z6 K7 R6 k5 z) `, R
0 U5 U3 z- P3 AAction by Owners and Management, I. J9 P5 f0 M3 @ O
81. Traders’ boycott
9 B7 L1 @* v+ H7 p, }, y 82. Refusal to let or sell property. A# m2 H# e2 H$ a4 X
83. Lockout4 R4 r! s1 q( W7 p" b4 l
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ X' y* X+ F# A9 E5 N) O$ k 85. Merchants’ “general strike”! u% P! b( b5 r* Y0 |) W6 h
3 Z% S6 K3 m" g) b; ?" QAction by Holders of Financial Resources" O6 R. g9 x2 H1 Y8 w( ^
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" w: d4 L, |; @; s! s- N 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ `; Q/ @$ }- @7 y2 i7 Z/ [ f 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 g: P& e9 L _0 k) y# P. ? 89. Severance of funds and credit
2 }3 \7 I% `7 Y 90. Revenue refusal
# v5 }6 g5 T4 h 91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ n1 a% m6 g" e; g3 w# h5 Y
4 J0 V6 \- M0 `4 y) J4 N7 `Action by Governments
2 f- W, ?" W- ? 92. Domestic embargo
% Y2 N0 A; C& f6 z 93. Blacklisting of traders( Z4 ~/ O+ N+ m, C v
94. International sellers’ embargo
/ _0 ^% C5 q8 F( F; j2 m 95. International buyers’ embargo, `/ g/ m. F; ^. V
96. International trade embargo4 X' V8 m }/ r; V% e+ L; `
( h! n k7 u' `$ y* r5 L 5 D0 f% |/ U1 O0 t Z
; |) t' N. s: K4 o; K/ a, {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
+ U% p) X o. }0 s) e' Y% N0 j5 }" q
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Symbolic Strikes
- K; p$ A9 X/ |8 h8 H! j 97. Protest strike
# d9 M3 R# S/ _1 D8 C 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) p ~/ G* D0 F0 N' M) s7 i2 }
! j6 @0 b' H" eAgricultural Strikes) I. _2 B1 s! I" |
99. Peasant strike0 X6 B. H4 p: k0 k7 g: F" o* x
100. Farm Workers’ strike
: @5 `' R% |! n1 H |3 ^6 h
. {0 [4 Q, L7 Y! c& o' lStrikes by Special Groups
& H, r( _" I0 H, q- N) m 101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 ?/ b5 O/ f* I- P* e# T7 D1 x 102. Prisoners’ strike0 P1 L( l/ q+ O9 \( ?) X0 }' f/ F
103. Craft strike) C* f8 l$ Y1 q3 O% b- V
104. Professional strike d- Z/ g& y5 J+ B
/ ^% r9 }8 K7 v( f/ FOrdinary Industrial Strikes
. M6 \& k" P$ R 105. Establishment strike
7 s1 J) q& r$ m1 O: _ 106. Industry strike' i- n5 J- Y5 E" W! O. i
107. Sympathetic strike8 w+ i1 j- Z1 v' Z+ M
( f" z% h# ~1 r! y% d1 y/ XRestricted Strikes
1 @; m" F2 t. e$ o: H4 P' Q# b+ C- ~ 108. Detailed strike0 F, G$ }. u2 e/ z
109. Bumper strike
% b' s1 t1 k" o4 p( O1 B* P 110. Slowdown strike
0 w2 D9 B' Y! @* p! e% J- k1 K 111. Working-to-rule strike
6 R8 o' g# K0 u7 M7 s* D$ I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, V, N% m9 `0 F* k1 A5 r: O 113. Strike by resignation
2 ^5 ` x7 F' V$ q: ` 114. Limited strike
: B# d4 f5 X. a, P- k% I" h% ? 115. Selective strike
; ?7 P; |8 B' T- l5 g
: M- p. w' Y: s0 l4 P; l6 ^Multi-Industry Strikes
3 j" w# H$ K7 F* H0 u, ]8 H& d. y2 j, `) t8 x
116. Generalized strike
$ ?" s# s+ x, x. _' @) _) w7 K0 i3 h1 b9 } ^5 z
117. General strike( @& e3 }7 F- q1 j7 [/ J9 F
) ` g# m$ ?' j- MCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
3 L% Q6 K' p: T7 t+ a
* f, F- G8 X3 r* ]8 I% z1 ?! X 118. Hartal
7 @6 Q0 }2 v. g" x& [* n' a
) H3 S, A! ?: `- S1 k 119. Economic shutdown
% n0 i9 {$ @/ J s* |0 q4 k8 x/ @1 I8 d2 s# Z% H: T
# z) b3 L! t% v+ v; e* S" ?
7 ^) Y* e( B+ E/ Q; U, h: xTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION4 w5 E7 P% P/ ~* @
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Rejection of Authority
1 h. Q# L# L) h' K: O 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
u" j" l" L# R! y" E$ K" v 121. Refusal of public support6 H7 Y0 v; g& ?2 M0 J: |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) u6 Z( n2 U5 x4 k( \
6 L6 H& t5 S! z* TCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 U. k& s& ?& _4 R- y
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; r( F, x3 I( @$ D 124. Boycott of elections
3 e( R# a! J" Y8 c 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 B- g! k9 W1 Z( b! k 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* c, N. E! G0 x. T, C) O3 i
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions$ _# x; Z5 U3 B d
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 @% {2 j$ X# t7 m 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 \9 a( n) w5 l7 ?
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 c3 Z8 [* d: C) z2 y' f( }. U
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* ^! l. ]4 m2 N3 [2 D4 e
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 `* Z" p. k/ f
p0 p; r/ F; j/ t8 u/ WCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 I/ C( S- ?! R 133. Reluctant and slow compliance! ?7 B. m4 s3 c) |6 ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& J" ]- z# D( r. g 135. Popular nonobedience R7 M* D7 D9 z; `
136. Disguised disobedience
7 G6 ^! z" G* C 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
) @- V4 E& i9 P4 I- h: _ 138. Sitdown$ G1 Q$ Y7 r# r% @3 ^
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 N! r# f- Q Q& g& L0 J2 K/ ^
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities( @4 {; Q6 \9 W) a w
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
; Y- z. ]' N$ C% I2 ]# S
% e) _" s; Q* j# TAction by Government Personnel
! e- m! Y) Z( o8 Z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! N( _- d4 e1 A' ^2 J
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( z5 q4 q5 p* [0 q7 J 144. Stalling and obstruction. M# G2 z" M8 ^/ n% F, Q9 U
145. General administrative noncooperation! ^! x$ }' ?4 ~* M
3 _- s8 {0 e( } P2 x 146. Judicial noncooperation
* l6 U' X, d( B+ A2 S+ w6 v: I8 H* m 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 f, Y& A, v8 n' C2 c- a 148. Mutiny
) }- @! V8 g8 l3 kDomestic Governmental Action
$ @' f6 w T, z4 J6 e' m 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 _' H, c2 y T' h1 @+ l9 l Y3 V 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 C( A+ k1 x" A- v4 f9 C) J
, H+ N5 p( @" \- J1 P" Q! T
International Governmental Action
/ p3 U( i% ?5 M' ?, `& ]7 k: M" x 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 _0 Y- o7 F- y, r
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 ?) _- H3 r* c; L
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) b3 q. j* j) H# g O4 ]
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* @ }& ]4 k% g$ v 155. Withdrawal from international organizations% |% `0 D8 |6 j+ d3 _
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ ` o: N P5 i |3 l3 G
157. Expulsion from international organizations( t! s2 |' C2 g: p% S A( o) n
3 [: S# P9 u9 @# ?% }& u+ X
! y4 @: b$ Y& U( w1 [+ {) Y) x: y
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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& `. a$ Q; g9 M9 {6 @, c1 [Psychological Intervention6 s- f/ T9 W" n4 |
158. Self-exposure to the elements9 X [7 q- G5 w! b" _# I
159. The fast
2 s( Q6 S8 y( f8 g4 T a) Fast of moral pressure
9 b3 t# O$ l+ s8 I b) Hunger strike
$ _$ b8 C; ^. K4 `/ z3 i c) Satyagrahic fast/ d% ]: f8 ~$ H7 a1 g8 y1 w) p
160. Reverse trial3 T* }6 A; T2 ?! w
161. Nonviolent harassment/ o7 y3 w) V9 J8 ?( _! e
) ?4 w7 g% ?4 J+ fPhysical Intervention
2 c- t6 p+ J1 a; Q( c4 Q( m# Q1 h 162. Sit-in! Y8 _ K. {+ `$ ]+ C% l
163. Stand-in
* ]: U$ c l: ?2 n. R! w& f) {4 V, n 164. Ride-in! a/ G8 e, ]1 [7 \9 D% J: b
165. Wade-in' ?* d$ t6 J4 g! M8 e4 w
166. Mill-in
( \1 g( x6 Q4 _ 167. Pray-in1 }2 Y5 _- W3 T+ U' Z3 ?
168. Nonviolent raids
' }; P! \& t& z1 O+ C4 K 169. Nonviolent air raids
1 a% k( p, H. s6 N. Q" B4 O# m 170. Nonviolent invasion
" \+ R. ?, c: S! {5 A2 n! r/ J 171. Nonviolent interjection1 \+ [6 b+ S! a0 i
172. Nonviolent obstruction L l: R# z% c# p
173. Nonviolent occupation7 V% \: M+ F3 d4 u# ?
: Q2 B. {3 s# R8 z: ~
Social Intervention
% N3 C% f( T9 g4 x 174. Establishing new social patterns
4 s |4 R" I V- J. N+ p4 L6 L8 _ 175. Overloading of facilities
- }4 R1 q0 s" r: f 176. Stall-in
: U. ~) d& q' _6 B7 N! i 177. Speak-in8 D( `3 l+ }: X+ M1 t
178. Guerrilla theater
1 Q3 K: b/ v: Z& Q P: ]% b 179. Alternative social institutions
$ g7 I8 W' ?2 }) r& u, D 180. Alternative communication system
: N1 [$ u. o1 O9 _; H) D7 q3 S5 d3 [' x
Economic Intervention
, V+ t4 m7 Y$ K* l% O2 ]- n. [. o 181. Reverse strike
( L6 m5 D P( u5 L6 w: c3 ?7 m0 D 182. Stay-in strike3 b. N) [& @9 g5 H8 g" s
183. Nonviolent land seizure" A+ Y% I( |% T% l) t
184. Defiance of blockades
4 B" k7 }/ g4 X: V 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
1 K% t( Y! x4 ^1 \4 N1 a+ Q 186. Preclusive purchasing: Z; W2 v7 V5 R! | T1 \
187. Seizure of assets
2 L6 S9 s' n6 P) w' p 188. Dumping4 l% U! y+ H! _
189. Selective patronage( ]( w2 Z1 G- z% T) `) _* T
190. Alternative markets
$ I6 z; D- D& c( d: v 191. Alternative transportation systems3 D/ m) F, M _, H# c# L+ X4 j4 \
192. Alternative economic institutions
( A8 U r4 y; y% K7 S3 m) h
. T- j- }0 p- e' y7 B X/ I. Q* qPolitical Intervention
, ~9 Z1 c* g; b+ _1 x, Y0 E 193. Overloading of administrative systems
, v5 m6 @7 \; s! J$ B 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
. W0 J. i0 R9 i 195. Seeking imprisonment& w5 ~) t F3 ?, m- N4 S
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 L- [, S! |3 w: v- o4 i; E- k 197. Work-on without collaboration3 z; W; g5 R7 r& k
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
