 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 W. C1 H+ u. ]' E K' aFormal Statements; @5 p* L0 W: T+ }/ v
1. Public Speeches T( x% p* [8 R$ h
2. Letters of opposition or support
, ]* l o; ^! f5 H( s 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ j' \/ f6 V' Z 4. Signed public statements7 v R3 R8 Z9 B; y% E
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 b* M! `/ R5 I# j! d. ?# v 6. Group or mass petitions) i" |! g, J7 Q" @) [/ f! z/ u0 p
3 I% [) ]/ I" N0 N( T: E# \ Z8 ZCommunications with a Wider Audience4 R8 l, g7 U4 G3 k* n
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ J3 O( e) V$ l9 d! `4 C 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. c; B7 E6 n# |: w0 A! @+ B6 t
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 k3 G$ r1 Z" M5 O 10. Newspapers and journals
( J$ z g- |/ I6 G$ w0 H$ { 11. Records, radio, and television
; k& U0 C! f* l; _ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ ~- |8 d- H" i- d
) q. }8 ?2 x9 \1 j& Y
Group Representations
, ~* A! ]1 \/ n# G 13. Deputations; S, G' d! U) R! n) b
14. Mock awards
/ p; G% ~# O7 H$ ?' Q2 u. z5 p 15. Group lobbying% V& H; p2 r6 d! M' m
16. Picketing( }; W! Q1 V4 V# C9 g% E) [
17. Mock elections6 S1 q, x3 v% x0 L/ U1 V a$ ?
" F1 R7 B |. A; \5 {8 d) USymbolic Public Acts
5 `1 i# w) J1 f; x 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' f4 G5 ?. w& d# y' I
19. Wearing of symbols& _ N4 P; D! G. E3 k1 J' |8 b
20. Prayer and worship
" q4 x6 l" [1 k1 X" [- D8 f4 I+ P 21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ O: n$ v0 \* v! O 22. Protest disrobings
% S9 v( H& j) ` 23. Destruction of own property
# Q7 p" P" u# @- _. u9 d 24. Symbolic lights
4 p# t$ Z0 `7 H+ L 25. Displays of portraits% w/ T& s7 P* m, |- y
26. Paint as protest
9 V9 c* N+ Q* Z8 b 27. New signs and names
6 ~7 p& B: a5 @; w. z* m 28. Symbolic sounds& w3 Q' Q7 h4 |3 e0 a) o
29. Symbolic reclamations. j, x& n$ m8 T9 ^
30. Rude gestures
9 \+ v- U$ w2 E* y3 T6 r" L/ \3 B2 m$ s+ n. ^8 n
Pressures on Individuals. Q! \; p( T, x6 v6 a4 O
31. “Haunting” officials
7 P) F0 ^. _- v( {' x8 I* h 32. Taunting officials
* ?- d9 e9 Q! R) x* U/ ?( Z 33. Fraternization
; |9 |/ }& s7 H. F1 G: {; H 34. Vigils0 [- J( P* c% l- v
- y3 q8 ^9 s9 ?" B
Drama and Music
! S, Y" e9 w, b! O 35. Humorous skits and pranks
: j/ V# F7 B+ h7 i. } 36. Performances of plays and music$ s7 p* E6 W }
37. Singing- N9 G; E; @, ?0 e' M
7 X+ g3 c/ `4 d/ \/ w: }/ Q
Processions
6 u$ y2 S3 K* n4 K 38. Marches$ D& `+ `) M- ]6 v \6 L* {( s2 y
39. Parades K5 R$ M0 `9 A8 L
40. Religious processions
- {7 r4 s, ]& n( Y8 v2 h 41. Pilgrimages; w; D7 F/ Q6 S- |- ~/ N6 |# Q6 l, q$ n
42. Motorcades* e3 e K( y# F# i
. l. D: O" e, P+ A; j9 o6 a8 m( r4 N EHonoring the Dead
) R3 T+ {# _* o7 ~3 o( P! x 43. Political mourning
+ q0 I3 G0 H u( D 44. Mock funerals
2 t8 P+ z+ \1 W, A& K2 I- e+ t7 t! @ 45. Demonstrative funerals% Q2 G% f8 B/ s0 n# Q" z1 Q+ B$ F
46. Homage at burial places
6 V" {2 h5 \2 c# q. M- [1 |
, G' x( `# T, s3 y1 U: `1 jPublic Assemblies
6 Y4 t- i- x7 O+ G2 a' _2 B1 T9 t 47. Assemblies of protest or support# u" L1 u) |1 q* O" \
48. Protest meetings2 ^1 ]0 i) Q& C: F+ c0 v
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! E% e1 l+ j# e+ t- o! O2 [
50. Teach-ins
9 v1 i& ]! F( H( j; Q/ ?7 b
0 u6 a4 O) H U. }; xWithdrawal and Renunciation' g& O' q0 s" B8 \. z
51. Walk-outs! t# E9 g; d2 o) D! u
52. Silence
2 g+ m8 W/ W" J/ E6 m1 x! s6 ? 53. Renouncing honors6 `) D7 Y% E7 X6 x1 S
54. Turning one’s back) _4 k+ p, F& A3 @
7 Q3 e5 @/ T3 Z' i7 C: V$ G
9 |4 b+ G: i3 Q2 p/ S' m/ |
v2 x& B' r8 [# ZTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* d$ b5 w* [5 ?. k1 `
7 p2 f' y& H, B$ r
4 S5 V, Y* H/ ^) u w
4 p, ]- i! ~( Y+ e9 x3 AOstracism of Persons& i# U: n( u0 D1 j8 a# ~
55. Social boycott
% F$ e7 u. C& }4 K0 O& p4 J 56. Selective social boycott5 g6 b& \9 N, m3 m& r# Y: D
57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ Z6 R0 N4 ^) P* o+ [ w 58. Excommunication* ]9 U( K/ A' u+ n7 }5 K
59. Interdict
?6 x$ D$ B+ x/ W( T- k# P/ v9 s- w3 E% X
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
h$ H' e+ x: ~( Z' } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( H( Z9 O; J0 k. e 61. Boycott of social affairs
% A) ~2 _$ O0 U9 C 62. Student strike
9 o: h1 y4 T0 t6 D6 y- [ 63. Social disobedience. u9 O6 g" g3 b* D) i+ e( a( c
64. Withdrawal from social institutions" [" U& o' G; ?0 z8 k7 L
( d, ]) k# `1 n# I# nWithdrawal from the Social System
) z$ n9 y, g/ M) Y, F) ] 65. Stay-at-home( Q, _0 m: m6 U3 v
66. Total personal noncooperation' b7 p% l5 N1 \) _
67. “Flight” of workers
: r/ I& }3 }" U6 C 68. Sanctuary& ~# q% z1 t* K/ t$ d
69. Collective disappearance
$ r M) s: _0 V6 f& H& @9 u# [ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
/ m" f9 \6 w: E; S) J+ k* P# w0 E2 [
3 O- j9 |+ T. m. a- H; v6 A: S" T, Z8 R* l) l& M; [1 O0 ` D
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
+ F* i: z3 F0 c7 y) f; @
* L+ p. {1 `& X r5 t- F0 E
( X5 W" N8 e' z( u Y' b3 ^Actions by Consumers) H! t8 J7 P( c% ~. w( y* y
71. Consumers’ boycott
3 N/ c8 w& S m& N7 [ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% B' N3 h. ~# p m& Q+ P 73. Policy of austerity
4 I$ \* ~& x: z3 h. @6 N7 _# h 74. Rent withholding3 J$ _& H# D- G* {
75. Refusal to rent% x5 t2 E- a! O
76. National consumers’ boycott1 S3 t; q9 E4 R
77. International consumers’ boycott8 k* }1 ?* [7 P- a7 H& p. G3 @3 z# p
& G# `& C4 L8 u- |Action by Workers and Producers% e: `, ~2 S0 J+ _/ T3 I3 e
78. Workmen’s boycott6 `6 l0 X$ A9 ^- f, u- X: R
79. Producers’ boycott
- [3 S5 \- ~9 l. J6 P, r: C' T1 q( I: u
Action by Middlemen
6 H0 T5 v4 Y: D6 H. r4 b% J 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 W F; \0 f) I j, R* j
* G: i% V: f: o, Z0 A
Action by Owners and Management& t! R! k; u5 C' [/ ?0 ~9 P7 @
81. Traders’ boycott
( \9 T$ Y2 j7 a 82. Refusal to let or sell property
' z5 ^% P& e! ^( s 83. Lockout3 ?5 z8 x" {5 Z8 t9 S& L
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 c) y0 q @" h7 O7 L 85. Merchants’ “general strike”( ^0 ^4 R+ `3 m
) T4 P. `1 t% F" h9 b7 G
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
F; h/ `6 z- Y% v8 [0 ^ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. p9 T% o1 D( S7 c& e 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
, l: a$ _1 Y" L: [$ _7 I5 v 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! m: W/ G$ k& W- n g! e% d" k2 T 89. Severance of funds and credit
% l6 j3 @) j) q! F& r0 d 90. Revenue refusal) Z# k0 w: Z/ A' k
91. Refusal of a government’s money
" K3 Y, V4 E1 j# {, t$ V1 L% R+ x! }1 O# q
Action by Governments
! A d* Y( w' ~7 m/ F5 g3 O% j 92. Domestic embargo3 P) D! H1 ~; A9 s' S' \
93. Blacklisting of traders
5 e4 N% \1 ^% b6 A8 a- b9 P 94. International sellers’ embargo2 E, f0 M E+ y3 k1 U
95. International buyers’ embargo
4 l/ K3 N& ?& @9 R' c; C 96. International trade embargo. l8 f2 \% M' ~7 [* c
/ p) E* s* O1 l. V$ | y) Z3 R
4 A2 q2 _4 ~- [( @) f S6 M% y+ D) G: V5 o# W4 n8 `
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
% Q, W3 p/ u- J* _2 }' n# |! K6 l; k6 H l
: O; s/ M, E# W2 ~9 wSymbolic Strikes
4 s% f: t1 Z) }/ J/ G7 F 97. Protest strike% n8 ^. p3 }2 C. ^/ v) K: b
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. ~! v) T- l0 n3 s+ j+ E- s1 c0 g" n3 L8 v5 ?
Agricultural Strikes
! S# {% {3 Q4 g0 z; |+ n 99. Peasant strike0 l% L: G/ t% O3 H1 k7 g
100. Farm Workers’ strike
# Y' O; j. N2 v N: W/ C. K% ?! E, G, _& }# L. ]
Strikes by Special Groups$ ~% D4 P8 Y& E; A: @
101. Refusal of impressed labor9 v: I% _/ O F
102. Prisoners’ strike
. a# A" \ ^: f9 z7 ` 103. Craft strike
4 k% }7 |6 O) @7 ] 104. Professional strike
) v% C: Y" ]0 x$ I! r& Q5 R3 v
" u5 Z, B* P- I; Z2 ~/ R# ~. j( Z. iOrdinary Industrial Strikes
: \3 x- k* _5 P: G# f2 Q/ B 105. Establishment strike
+ y7 q. i/ r7 `4 }: h 106. Industry strike: B d; X0 q' ?; E. ^: e. ~
107. Sympathetic strike6 `% |2 g$ K4 g; U1 u3 q7 c
% x1 G* ]" [, c2 \8 s- @2 PRestricted Strikes' I) n8 X: |- }7 T# O; l+ G
108. Detailed strike
$ e k. s+ Z9 J+ A8 f 109. Bumper strike M+ `6 _; Z( F; E: ]& u) S) R
110. Slowdown strike
# x2 [% `# d: Z# J H5 o$ I+ G( u' B 111. Working-to-rule strike$ c( ~8 h7 }& F
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 D# ^2 B5 j+ N" U' k" _7 ~
113. Strike by resignation; E' p, F" t( m; i5 b8 o; V
114. Limited strike' n# [( X! Q* c4 [# e2 M/ j
115. Selective strike6 E0 I: P$ J( V0 j
& e, k/ D- z& ~! y6 S0 F
Multi-Industry Strikes
# ~) g6 X; U) a( Q, [- ^6 k& K
' Z$ K) @$ }' |# C, f0 B4 a3 l4 z 116. Generalized strike
9 i9 p8 x" U" f9 e0 l. E
1 p7 u- j9 x# W1 _ 117. General strike
/ g' C# A$ s1 T
% n8 J I: t$ QCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures: K9 P) L/ ~" Y
/ M2 O! `/ T" z( M7 ~
118. Hartal. [) e8 O' X) Q5 i/ k9 T& U! y
* r5 L' o2 V& q- m B5 t
119. Economic shutdown* U0 _2 v1 ?8 o$ {
9 Z8 a$ u& Z3 @, D7 U. G ^
c* `0 V, `, s2 _! O& r
' b* L8 c, R/ o0 w8 F) N1 _THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
4 N' ~ q8 n9 @6 N" i
& I/ h( l( g! y* i+ a! R
* |$ z* k3 Q; G/ cRejection of Authority/ [8 f7 q* L n! P" Z6 [+ ]
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 W/ x3 i( W4 O6 y 121. Refusal of public support
" H* Z) h: I+ D9 {) u4 E% W 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 l3 F: Q" u2 u4 R' Z! m$ P/ q
% j0 f; p$ p4 ]( V+ x3 y P2 `& b
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government" L I' u# E0 E/ X+ G# b* p: b7 X4 e
123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 a5 m& O% [ G, m3 T5 U5 l
124. Boycott of elections
0 j! V4 \; I& O# a$ _- v 125. Boycott of government employment and positions# u$ A% w# F6 _8 @1 Q. y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: B- u& E- r+ i1 l& m- b* @ c
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ k' [" s6 h8 m& h! m
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ b! g3 r9 {% C( U6 ^; j3 i' ? 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 V( Z- L6 w3 F' d
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- h$ U, R/ {9 D) V2 n s, H& W4 F" a4 H 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& F$ g+ U% {: J0 P! r- o8 x) o
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
3 J' a+ d/ h: N* }& D) w9 @# z* U
7 k( C' c7 @( @( @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. O" h. k2 ~: O+ Q 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' a6 U: k/ \$ l* K; b5 v- t X1 c b/ C 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" T7 t T- u# E% V$ {
135. Popular nonobedience5 q- [& t( t6 N4 s) X6 H; Q- ^2 ?
136. Disguised disobedience
) o) Q" I. g" ~7 S 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 ?7 Q: T7 q, x/ b" V; U& j& O
138. Sitdown/ q& X1 a( Z) }; P
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 g/ p. N* E( d) r 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, @; Y& M3 P& s$ Z/ f% i& W 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* [. N9 D6 q* S* M8 [2 o
# c: F/ M2 e! w" `4 _) _3 M$ P$ w
Action by Government Personnel
- P1 N0 N6 W# A 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: o+ q9 s# [1 U/ i6 p w z7 l
143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ u7 o' ], p1 h9 \% g
144. Stalling and obstruction7 Q) ^ \6 F g" L1 n
145. General administrative noncooperation
9 [1 C X r V7 w1 a
6 g* U: r1 B. S0 W 146. Judicial noncooperation
3 O+ C' y; Y- i; p& q# M7 f 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 I, Q N% Y2 {: v N; X
148. Mutiny5 F' K3 O& {8 W* }8 d( V
Domestic Governmental Action/ ]: X; c1 r5 C; e: r3 A7 R
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 N$ M0 t2 y4 R/ l. `$ t0 p
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 P, L9 X4 x! J- A" I. |- _5 c
3 E7 j* L9 t& t6 H& ZInternational Governmental Action- n) I% ?% a# q
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ g) \& e$ i, c; A: c' l 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 V2 ?4 O+ q* c6 {& G 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& V2 [+ p. g8 } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 X; t3 K" z; s8 v0 P* y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 T+ g: g" P0 B3 j$ t+ { 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 |" C- Z* I% f8 S. Z2 |
157. Expulsion from international organizations# H6 e8 @% |8 Q3 }+ x$ g
) o' S$ i2 b" t0 o
0 P3 k8 L: O+ `' c# H( A4 m* ~
3 T* j7 k1 c# L' j" P6 o
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
2 \5 K- s( S: T0 L$ S/ t m2 F' t {
5 I* }2 s1 L7 ?, s% |9 x6 a F9 ?
Psychological Intervention
2 g' k& M+ g/ n4 s3 G 158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 |5 p1 ?5 }* }$ D& B$ A( [ 159. The fast6 J, W& P* A+ t# a4 H% I
a) Fast of moral pressure
; w2 l) {, `9 `. E$ H% @ R b) Hunger strike4 U% }3 w" l9 E
c) Satyagrahic fast% I) C3 q' Y6 \9 a5 i$ g
160. Reverse trial1 A1 t0 v/ K" t/ |! n
161. Nonviolent harassment
( A. d# @6 r. D3 m# Z2 N4 _2 M5 l Q8 }3 M+ {% _
Physical Intervention
8 y; ]/ b4 V2 d/ N& b( m 162. Sit-in
2 d& m' C1 L+ g3 k9 C/ `* z+ ]8 E 163. Stand-in# J: m; t! C1 Z) `8 j
164. Ride-in
5 x8 n1 q: H, ~* O4 q/ ~5 Q7 s7 b! x% f 165. Wade-in
7 w' r$ X& K; q9 \7 o 166. Mill-in- r2 E0 u8 ~* @
167. Pray-in- c6 a" I# h1 Q! b. W
168. Nonviolent raids
: L' V' h' B4 J" I! b( |0 Y& @! N: s 169. Nonviolent air raids$ |* w! x Y1 U# U$ {
170. Nonviolent invasion6 U6 P5 B$ J# C2 B' ?
171. Nonviolent interjection# V. n C* P0 K& m* q
172. Nonviolent obstruction
- o; R9 X9 t' V2 S4 R 173. Nonviolent occupation6 T* E8 B9 b6 @
8 f) h0 [1 j! X0 z* y
Social Intervention
2 {7 l& x+ C2 k1 `2 N* x 174. Establishing new social patterns
7 N9 e' y6 V+ U. o2 O 175. Overloading of facilities
; Z4 ^: A# n: E6 N- a 176. Stall-in
$ b% ~ c8 S+ [1 A& e 177. Speak-in
2 [9 c# Q/ a) T2 ?0 J) Q5 ~3 r 178. Guerrilla theater
6 L- b0 x: L6 _; |2 x- h( t 179. Alternative social institutions
& Z; J* ], f" A, k 180. Alternative communication system
, X) D* D% a9 c# i. ^- R% W
2 _* a4 a; U9 ~, H" s j( u6 IEconomic Intervention3 ^; _: D. P0 z- M
181. Reverse strike
+ U6 k. n8 S* Y 182. Stay-in strike
' y- R' {8 n) C 183. Nonviolent land seizure
r! a4 ?6 j& `5 ^% @* ?5 Q5 S 184. Defiance of blockades4 ?& X0 u" \% x7 I: P& c
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: U. y+ ?6 |/ |& g+ o
186. Preclusive purchasing
9 P4 z+ ^& M4 a" P1 D6 q 187. Seizure of assets
& y) O8 c$ _! `. D 188. Dumping: P M) l5 H: d& O: _: O
189. Selective patronage
/ S" t7 N- l3 n; G, ` 190. Alternative markets" W2 s' ?, J% I3 }& N1 \
191. Alternative transportation systems
' _: F9 t E6 _, o7 M 192. Alternative economic institutions
: I( K4 O4 _% A4 @1 h
( z, m2 U% u0 ^# a" `Political Intervention ?, a$ ~9 X+ r. R& n1 \ V
193. Overloading of administrative systems x# F/ X+ {0 e3 K, m
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- {6 [% p4 \: \, y 195. Seeking imprisonment
1 q2 J6 S% R7 p6 J1 b 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 M5 V" \2 a+ L* w% F7 b! g; Y
197. Work-on without collaboration' u7 g& [9 x" H2 |
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* \7 F* ?: y; T3 Y3 D
8 D, p: g* D+ ` |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
