 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, M8 @0 _! G- l ?
Formal Statements( t6 W' }+ e# W% A% M1 |" C9 Y
1. Public Speeches
" Y2 C, P; H( g8 g 2. Letters of opposition or support
7 L" [4 s \. E' C. U/ j& x 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 T2 {6 N4 Z" y! q& X, Q 4. Signed public statements
1 i0 E4 E' p6 o& H1 i# n5 s5 O 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 f4 k. P9 i. @4 ^9 l- P, g) f 6. Group or mass petitions5 g& R1 ~+ B! y% \
8 f4 |6 H' d& g. E6 \Communications with a Wider Audience
; q: N0 P9 W. V+ r 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols Q3 v# i8 S; O/ t5 z" Q0 [2 b9 ]# c
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 \* ?# h, g9 v2 a- I' F# D
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ }7 w5 K0 Q" d( T! y* K
10. Newspapers and journals
+ z+ t: L2 ]" u" W. A) l 11. Records, radio, and television% E3 c* s/ O4 S% g
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& i- ^: [" _1 X( M" R
, O5 a& {( g! O- O+ _) J3 gGroup Representations
. |# z! I5 Z. q6 U# q" K3 Z 13. Deputations
9 n- t6 Q, s. ?: U9 L0 ^ { 14. Mock awards
1 h- m8 y. Y) i: O$ o% T# d 15. Group lobbying5 s6 K. b/ y9 f% Y0 z
16. Picketing+ {+ e" _& P% k+ N! n6 q4 Z
17. Mock elections% q3 o6 D) s/ a8 ]1 K
# ^" y8 y' M- WSymbolic Public Acts; W. Z" p" l; ?0 _0 A
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& x# _/ H4 l' @. A
19. Wearing of symbols
7 O- b& h" n, G8 ?6 q- U' K8 { 20. Prayer and worship- y. C' M! M' p+ N3 B
21. Delivering symbolic objects
& N' M8 i( z, R; x0 K& d1 d 22. Protest disrobings
7 b( k3 M3 e# w, K6 I 23. Destruction of own property* s; g! ]6 r+ I3 M
24. Symbolic lights. |. m: Q" z; G& Z- a/ V' \
25. Displays of portraits9 F* ^# J u+ l
26. Paint as protest
- `5 w5 j: @1 p2 d8 R: e 27. New signs and names
" S4 Q G2 E9 K* s0 @ 28. Symbolic sounds
# ?& j( x+ p T 29. Symbolic reclamations: H/ [0 p" H. P0 k: `- E
30. Rude gestures, g. F6 Y* ^2 p0 D
& y0 h' A6 N% [/ N3 O0 v+ y' a3 N- C
Pressures on Individuals
3 R7 r5 m9 F# ~2 T: X( E" {: F$ { 31. “Haunting” officials Z' Z3 {' i ?. n) g& Y- d, y! f m% Z
32. Taunting officials
, q) s9 }4 R; h: L+ C4 Z 33. Fraternization& x4 E0 Z& y& \6 o$ r+ B' z. T8 F% A6 |
34. Vigils! }) T' Z8 y& z! G0 R6 D* U, ~5 S
* R l4 h" u% Y3 B
Drama and Music* K8 Z/ r4 h* N3 [4 e
35. Humorous skits and pranks
6 r3 k1 O9 p/ K- M2 L( w 36. Performances of plays and music
( |1 [& N) D; ]* I' g' ] 37. Singing
. C0 ^9 ~3 a" J+ e3 R! B. A
0 Z1 [% M& Y4 WProcessions5 [" \/ G0 w/ D
38. Marches# K& B- x* ]+ P+ |8 A; z. [7 s/ R
39. Parades9 B/ e9 [0 ^ y* X; f- v
40. Religious processions+ ~0 W8 X% F% X7 {4 S4 E
41. Pilgrimages) A; d9 s) y9 n
42. Motorcades! F* P, }4 K8 \% O+ K1 f! @
z& c( ~ ]/ k% H5 L* a- j
Honoring the Dead& C. ~# G2 Y( s
43. Political mourning) @, o8 |2 i& H" G
44. Mock funerals
- U6 Y# ~/ Q# D% _; x6 A5 } 45. Demonstrative funerals, B, `: Z4 |0 E k$ h9 y
46. Homage at burial places c' ?) ~. {% D7 h; E3 U' H
x4 V9 Y1 w% Z) c/ ?# N; H
Public Assemblies/ n9 B, p" T3 }2 |4 T
47. Assemblies of protest or support# U- [$ Z( m+ d, d+ G: O; i! o
48. Protest meetings/ B- ~, \8 |) V7 M
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' z0 ~# i2 | w3 f0 _+ D 50. Teach-ins
( h, |: \9 w; x$ }
# E$ }+ U2 X8 zWithdrawal and Renunciation _# P+ }. t& w% U4 R3 }
51. Walk-outs; G8 d$ s0 c* ?. p
52. Silence
- ~$ N- O5 w" G1 [2 R5 f- Y9 @: v 53. Renouncing honors2 ?& J; }! f* s7 K! J
54. Turning one’s back* \7 e$ v/ S$ {5 A' o. j0 K: N6 A
( T" i$ V/ I+ ^5 C) f$ `! t* v* ` 9 t7 e" P0 V3 _8 T9 K
/ r8 l* @3 A% c' ]THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 U6 w1 y; x$ A# a
/ q# H. r T+ j! H. g# G / r/ ~" `* Z) O0 }. M
8 q! c3 H( u! |3 [, R& L4 G5 ~Ostracism of Persons
6 q2 [# j1 C# F% m8 G+ K 55. Social boycott
, z' F/ ~" p5 P- @ q$ L. I 56. Selective social boycott
4 d6 d2 E9 W# t% ?7 y8 Y8 D 57. Lysistratic nonaction
* J! c% s4 [9 i1 t& \ 58. Excommunication
( s6 X9 H( V* |$ a9 m c+ e( t 59. Interdict
0 o3 v0 c0 e8 Q8 S
0 g' z* m. P' c6 E; |# Q6 B7 ONoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 R2 x& }* N% }1 B- d! { v5 w
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- a- N$ {* u1 q 61. Boycott of social affairs
' p4 G, W* E p2 O 62. Student strike
/ z5 u: B, y& ?% C1 s 63. Social disobedience! ]( Q- |; s( _+ @9 R+ }
64. Withdrawal from social institutions+ t9 s1 ^; u3 F6 P( b7 Y4 ?
+ W: P! t. r% k8 HWithdrawal from the Social System
# d; h Z& J) o2 [8 w$ X. F 65. Stay-at-home
8 p3 d; p, z! X" Y: n1 t. d6 {! W8 R 66. Total personal noncooperation6 B3 `% q/ X! K; h- f" m1 M
67. “Flight” of workers
$ L0 n. d; ]1 r. x: d: e 68. Sanctuary1 }% j) F2 q( _! ~8 K+ V3 c3 U
69. Collective disappearance
# ]5 H2 b4 o0 I* I 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
. t$ C$ o1 t! h' I: Y" l
" y5 k4 l( o | 4 }+ N( f% B! |& }, S7 t- s9 Z# x9 r
. P g: l! |- K3 Y. Q I
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 h, A* ?* G- g; N8 w# ]9 E
% r) F# ?; |& ?0 i* g1 I
) k7 ~: Z* u- D$ Q6 [/ {
Actions by Consumers" ^& M& _: p8 E. o. j' r& U* d4 D
71. Consumers’ boycott
+ G5 r: _- ?& }$ g- @/ u 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 X4 Z' Q& r* h3 v" J 73. Policy of austerity
# E- O4 D, ^1 L, G% C4 z 74. Rent withholding1 C, y3 k- {; _( x1 A
75. Refusal to rent, _% X2 ~0 W0 c3 f7 ~/ F0 A6 v6 [
76. National consumers’ boycott( b2 }' p8 n" h0 ^# c9 I t" ~2 g
77. International consumers’ boycott. D# ~! c; Z7 Z# M2 n/ B
: u$ \& a6 i$ }; DAction by Workers and Producers
8 u- u9 j$ }8 o+ D! e% u4 ] 78. Workmen’s boycott- S" D3 Z" s, n5 W) V- U/ H
79. Producers’ boycott
$ S' g1 z# h* n* P' m8 B% m7 j* b; r! l! n J! g
Action by Middlemen& T( k) P0 a$ `9 O5 @
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
, m* a2 |) i7 H" v% |4 a9 i; {
' x$ i; }4 C) ~% ^6 ~Action by Owners and Management
% n" ?* V, J: R6 h, T) L2 \) C 81. Traders’ boycott
% S6 N' I/ b0 z6 Q5 g& d* z 82. Refusal to let or sell property& r2 O% A) M& J) G5 e2 a
83. Lockout3 T6 s# b0 v8 u0 t4 ~7 k5 o
84. Refusal of industrial assistance" l9 X: K5 W e! Y8 D0 m" m& H
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 h$ D9 R% H- x1 x: |/ w( S! ~5 j. U, v
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 ?" W0 y# Z" f/ C2 V% o9 z) [ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ {0 |& q0 n& s, N6 w0 A$ E 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* ^! R$ d* D/ x( W8 a
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" o( \. G5 ^ C, S$ @6 e6 ~# q" A: `
89. Severance of funds and credit
3 F( q3 |3 W$ j& }0 W 90. Revenue refusal* _' J, f5 t2 e) M( l+ ]5 M# U
91. Refusal of a government’s money1 s5 {2 v# u$ D9 R; V B: l
5 `& [$ z2 [" S$ ^; X# k$ Q0 ]1 o4 j8 sAction by Governments6 D4 A1 _; D, |: B9 R
92. Domestic embargo+ r) U/ S$ E0 Y$ n
93. Blacklisting of traders
6 z% l6 V! x* Z) @# B 94. International sellers’ embargo6 \+ W" A q. b# g+ M
95. International buyers’ embargo* X; v, C% q% ~. v2 K, H
96. International trade embargo! d }' m! b9 W3 D! u$ @
1 `- S* c+ P5 E2 x, m2 P
8 ?4 ^' K4 Q" [ c
( }2 q+ B" E. G9 I ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
5 s6 a9 r, P8 f; m0 q
& x& f& ~+ D- B; U3 A. R % }# w* l" C# N( K
Symbolic Strikes, B- y; J$ j% g: w. y. H
97. Protest strike! |$ x1 f5 A; u# s" s6 P6 n4 X' K
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 U3 ]1 A' q3 {6 ?8 f9 E+ j
% D1 d: c7 U2 D& _& o3 GAgricultural Strikes
. ?6 a& s# s' X4 ?8 S1 ~' B- L 99. Peasant strike
4 x7 v& _) q2 \. V+ E" F5 W) { 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 |/ g3 x7 }& V7 o; f8 S
9 y2 ]4 p/ c B( x1 lStrikes by Special Groups
' j) z, @9 M: I' {6 ^ 101. Refusal of impressed labor6 N9 i! i& r5 Q3 ^2 Z& C1 G2 E
102. Prisoners’ strike
! a$ k+ |+ y, y 103. Craft strike0 F3 |& U# s# ~( Z8 M
104. Professional strike, ~; g- Z4 n% F" h; X
7 H( V& w/ O, I, `
Ordinary Industrial Strikes) d3 E! u- M3 H( \% ?
105. Establishment strike
, [% m: ^" j/ K- Z! h# S K 106. Industry strike" W4 t% k, E9 s% u
107. Sympathetic strike
: X$ U# P5 ?( w& }! t" d+ _. ~' \* D) V5 l2 o$ A2 V3 W, V
Restricted Strikes8 o* h* H% e: Z0 C; I+ t' ]
108. Detailed strike
+ @7 d" I0 F" b# w6 d$ U 109. Bumper strike
" u* F9 c4 Y' \, a! B4 a 110. Slowdown strike8 p% Z- Z6 x0 E. _5 w
111. Working-to-rule strike
- i7 N/ I3 W' Z! U 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! m& |( s9 p# j P% c
113. Strike by resignation+ y: x# P% y4 L+ d1 _
114. Limited strike. K0 L, d, J2 r" F% ^: e/ C. w
115. Selective strike
1 J# |' o9 t7 Y+ \5 r
- b8 ~% e, W. LMulti-Industry Strikes' J7 c( k5 f8 Q- q4 `8 I
% w* Y" {# Q9 C' ` ~
116. Generalized strike0 K& U4 {: S: f
# x! h' Y) K: h8 [% s
117. General strike
" d0 }- ^: [$ P4 V6 m( @# j3 a* t% ?; n, f( `
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
) S- S. R* }# X6 {2 |0 x# m. e# U1 q# o3 }/ c& u
118. Hartal: h$ O; C5 Z- v# W+ O# R' [6 k
* e6 R7 ?; g- k: O" ^ 119. Economic shutdown
, [+ Y# ]6 {! k8 h; G
7 B4 d& ]3 J0 b$ d8 C
* T" G' ?$ X0 `
D7 T7 H& c* a! Z1 K0 y- B hTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; z3 ~" T: ~3 Z
) e; |8 B% P- ?# L 7 q& r1 Z; `4 q! C
Rejection of Authority3 q/ P8 x* W& G9 {+ D z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" D! C$ j: F( }1 Z 121. Refusal of public support; x& y* G' b! s c b7 ^3 E; p
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, O. x) I/ }, ~
6 {4 h! i) F) w6 U# `Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ }" k: q5 n, k 123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 [5 I' P" J* }
124. Boycott of elections, R4 x# s& T+ D. K4 [+ f% V
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, S5 d+ G% j: @ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 p0 c6 V, X5 T
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) h Q C6 m( x) O# g. b1 B 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ N* _- I' u) w, u
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 |2 h% B, z0 X& S( ? 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
/ g" C/ m! L$ i2 l, d& o 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
" I* j: H2 L' N, k( k& P/ P5 g% R8 T. G 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 a ~/ ]2 x6 z& B% r
' v! X! e* \* O' \Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 E1 n7 {0 a& `9 Y! Z O 133. Reluctant and slow compliance( r4 p7 _# k8 x0 F6 k, I' Y# u
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! E5 e0 d7 \9 z+ m
135. Popular nonobedience+ H- ~6 O n5 a0 y) A6 F
136. Disguised disobedience
$ E5 Y# ~1 _$ i 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 k. T4 Y5 U; O 138. Sitdown
* T, N: K4 M$ k) Z4 ^) t& x+ X; x 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation n) r/ t1 x" h9 u) d
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* f5 O A2 Z$ `$ w% L$ f
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" W0 k" a% |& d# g) Z0 b" N5 X
/ Z# R7 v- h+ a
Action by Government Personnel7 \6 `9 ?* k! g& r# Q. z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- N9 ~$ R: k6 l. m8 v
143. Blocking of lines of command and information& O# H# d+ k% [ F# D
144. Stalling and obstruction
0 [3 [! q" b( W6 k5 m! o 145. General administrative noncooperation4 p: C* C1 u) N4 t* a
" l5 O+ t7 [1 ^: X- H1 G- D. F 146. Judicial noncooperation
4 s( z. o5 D- s7 ?$ H) w9 q3 ^0 W 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: ]$ c1 N: H" E8 B- {7 ]
148. Mutiny0 P0 r- M" ^& O2 V9 N4 m
Domestic Governmental Action' n9 h6 d' _' Z/ Q' E
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ v! S; J9 N8 o. h# s
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
* U1 q; @1 K6 E: I
& p8 t) ]( Z- K% {2 V7 dInternational Governmental Action
% \9 ]: L2 S/ W1 u# Y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- v& j+ b5 z# I& {3 ]6 E
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 Q% F* q& W. i. e, r
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; Q4 u1 s5 E: h) ^- @, x 154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 {0 K' |! U4 N- N, S
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' K4 O9 W( ?+ d3 S' H' T& [- Q6 N9 L 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ U/ \* ?* A# n) g 157. Expulsion from international organizations l0 b w- d8 | H7 n
$ N% Q4 {+ Q9 M1 ~& L5 F; }
7 ]7 `- L/ S4 |- e! n+ L( h5 c6 H$ I% v; E( o |9 b3 ~) U
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- n. W# Z; x8 P- J! J
/ R6 D3 b% b8 l& | ( p4 ~$ j& ?# c9 U: q4 }/ C I) l1 W
Psychological Intervention
: h+ ?$ [3 A, l0 S3 B 158. Self-exposure to the elements
' I- Y2 t* T+ v5 S* O6 I# X 159. The fast
T, e- u, Z9 r; z a) Fast of moral pressure
3 [- E3 S( P7 b4 h. P0 R; r0 r b) Hunger strike
8 w5 @- m0 g% A c) Satyagrahic fast
$ S( J$ o1 w. L4 c. c$ G/ `) o3 r, q 160. Reverse trial
! Y* }$ W# _; @% Y" O* q 161. Nonviolent harassment
. d0 j4 A; H4 R# Z* J3 }5 Y; X
Physical Intervention
5 ^+ D: t4 L- M& L 162. Sit-in4 j# h+ G2 T8 H0 A V1 T
163. Stand-in
0 E) w. @3 m9 w) k 164. Ride-in1 r/ g \) F" ]' R
165. Wade-in; [. o W, u, S& B$ j( T
166. Mill-in
) p: Y r4 Z- x, ~ 167. Pray-in
0 Q& a. R' D, o% u9 S$ b) ` 168. Nonviolent raids5 m; z/ X+ U7 y# E0 c3 a: i, f1 c
169. Nonviolent air raids4 o% D @) V! R3 e6 F% e& I# \
170. Nonviolent invasion3 x5 j" k( f% H6 ^/ a; @
171. Nonviolent interjection
. U4 q3 m$ `* _1 u% A; A) W 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! l2 G) Q. q& X9 l5 \ 173. Nonviolent occupation
6 Y: s' A" e' a0 M$ ^* |) v6 X8 g0 W; p4 `% A) a5 x
Social Intervention' C s1 s' A, E0 H
174. Establishing new social patterns# V7 v( U# f+ }' J$ X* Q. `( O
175. Overloading of facilities# m/ z2 ^$ j$ _2 {4 R7 C6 h4 P$ s
176. Stall-in5 M; X- }. M8 M( X
177. Speak-in
6 M+ n# X4 y; t$ t Q 178. Guerrilla theater9 B8 T8 p0 `5 l. e
179. Alternative social institutions
1 u- ]9 k, G4 D& q5 C4 {) D4 f" r+ K 180. Alternative communication system4 O9 K t+ ]3 d2 i" X% n1 d( l
3 } t# y5 o% ]Economic Intervention0 d' _% C, Z! P9 j/ v3 y
181. Reverse strike
) S- K5 O. X0 ?- f0 ^) U4 P4 i 182. Stay-in strike9 N+ y% [& d7 n
183. Nonviolent land seizure
& O0 B" X3 S- |/ | 184. Defiance of blockades, P; |- x- q' m, i( R, V
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting9 w* K; C8 o E8 F3 T
186. Preclusive purchasing( Q: V* m( p8 n
187. Seizure of assets# D( n1 w' A1 L; C/ A) n" |
188. Dumping
$ }6 H' z4 S7 i 189. Selective patronage9 w4 ^; s+ }5 \ W2 g3 `3 }
190. Alternative markets0 V0 P7 J4 @7 O+ d/ Y3 Y z& a* S
191. Alternative transportation systems5 T, ?2 Y3 u+ A# o. T# B
192. Alternative economic institutions9 _3 n5 b$ g/ Q3 M/ n7 p
6 n% K; l1 V) |+ d' C* g4 F
Political Intervention$ x4 }) z& W8 [
193. Overloading of administrative systems2 d2 e& o$ H" g' u* I2 S- S; ^( k5 n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! J; [' A6 j, j- P; d 195. Seeking imprisonment
6 g8 q5 a( [2 ?) ] 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws: N9 L8 ^3 q& f. g" _/ S/ S
197. Work-on without collaboration
3 D5 u$ u- ?7 _. v. g" _( f 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
0 Q& n6 K9 q4 n$ m7 \* P) P) i. o7 h
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
