 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" V( B; e& m" [% a8 O% Q1 F
Formal Statements" [& ~5 W6 ^7 q- K' G9 {: t' o
1. Public Speeches
* b2 C" r$ m, \ 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ f9 `3 K0 r9 F, ]% J8 k( u" r5 s$ H" G 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: u. y( i( E- e f' N 4. Signed public statements
: P* V4 ~' r, x; j. i9 W, q# D$ V 5. Declarations of indictment and intention# R; s3 }$ N( V- O
6. Group or mass petitions
& o( K+ ~) ?+ j. w
) Q- G0 Z$ E* e7 T# l) QCommunications with a Wider Audience
. {/ M# p- Z3 K% R- r 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% b7 z4 M+ f$ Z+ a- G/ h
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 E5 n- \ D* J1 K6 H; B- ]- K. L 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' h _; j/ V x2 f( C 10. Newspapers and journals% b6 W- j% C. f7 P& w/ Z; @
11. Records, radio, and television
. K) n4 ` i/ j 12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ X. H- \8 q% Z! v# n$ Y
3 E( m* E: m$ \5 K. a. }: R7 G1 oGroup Representations
, h9 b: Q' p2 v& t* s- h) m 13. Deputations
3 w0 P J/ p* W& y4 F( c3 c 14. Mock awards. @1 Z- S& z) @- L( W+ E
15. Group lobbying
! h) L7 s) x" u8 E 16. Picketing. h- K) V4 ?6 c1 P' j
17. Mock elections$ F+ V& ~, S' I. }, o+ t' V8 l5 L
" P. H/ {2 l' l# o7 F' w- q3 ]3 @Symbolic Public Acts
( s0 ~. b, h8 Z, ?) _' x 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; C. L1 n5 L; g3 u! U 19. Wearing of symbols+ @( `1 P" P4 R# o0 H0 X' T
20. Prayer and worship+ S1 {: s( u* ~" ?
21. Delivering symbolic objects
% p: A: n$ @- `3 k! i 22. Protest disrobings
: O# K! k* y: O2 n. A5 {9 T) p 23. Destruction of own property
* y q5 I' ]3 ]' J h 24. Symbolic lights
( s5 R% q; J& c3 x9 d: q( i$ d 25. Displays of portraits
5 k) w2 y: F* N; X 26. Paint as protest
% g" X3 k9 A# r1 O- D6 O. ^ 27. New signs and names k: [3 Z- R: r+ l6 w1 ?/ N
28. Symbolic sounds
5 v1 m5 A+ A( Q5 f 29. Symbolic reclamations/ [/ a/ B2 @/ E0 P7 \. w. a/ a# m
30. Rude gestures. q9 a B" k5 D. b8 T
9 l* d% u3 m: qPressures on Individuals$ w7 [$ a: ?( X& l
31. “Haunting” officials( M7 `. y2 ?+ S9 V$ F& H/ F
32. Taunting officials+ ^* p' e- W2 B! }0 S- o# v6 {
33. Fraternization
2 \2 s& ^9 R1 y7 F: X- r 34. Vigils( K) d l1 l4 }) d f* B/ g# O
/ d2 H* p4 m& E, U% V' @ lDrama and Music
8 y5 @& X" o D 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 w) ^2 e* C4 u5 z 36. Performances of plays and music
7 K# I- y5 J7 r, L' P$ s( ^ 37. Singing5 R1 c* K" C( C2 L
4 s5 T0 c' Z; d$ L3 B2 QProcessions. B) ?/ e5 d9 p: V8 }
38. Marches
7 ]4 ?. ]+ Y8 L/ U 39. Parades. G) Y+ y: W+ r+ O1 g) \. M- R
40. Religious processions
6 I9 T" N6 [1 m3 B0 w; ~% @0 p 41. Pilgrimages
' ?, i1 o* B$ Z, v1 E( {0 ~/ e) b 42. Motorcades
. F' n* c3 u0 p7 A4 [% r, M8 d6 y( }4 R# l5 G9 Q7 ~3 N* g
Honoring the Dead
1 P) | r1 y3 r1 u4 J' G9 F9 G 43. Political mourning: s8 F: Y$ |9 P6 f' {; r, A
44. Mock funerals, |4 {4 m, H- a0 L6 r+ {6 ?# @
45. Demonstrative funerals9 [% _8 ]: X8 k9 h: m- j% g
46. Homage at burial places2 C' o: [; x6 S% k+ @) u
3 t+ U; d) T( J8 |2 B RPublic Assemblies. w& L- E8 ~4 S9 @4 w8 M
47. Assemblies of protest or support
- K( ~) L- L- O! W 48. Protest meetings
& ]7 n& ^* d( F2 s2 [# |0 k* c; | 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% Q4 v3 k, P% g# L/ Q* M 50. Teach-ins( `6 o' {6 D/ I& v1 Q+ b0 G
8 `+ ^0 O+ h/ J& r; x+ V; z# a
Withdrawal and Renunciation
) U" `2 E- m0 ] 51. Walk-outs0 x3 j @3 g+ _( g0 C( K8 x! ^
52. Silence- ]$ V7 }6 U* p r: S
53. Renouncing honors: ]/ Q* O* v' z; w2 P! d# p
54. Turning one’s back
( |7 b. ~# p7 A r& _6 M% M; u$ L
/ D1 C( v) N9 g( P# T
" e( |! r5 P$ H7 ^8 S) \8 RTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 E& l/ I X; `/ I+ R% q; ]. {8 {; _, _4 x+ ^1 j! h
Ostracism of Persons
. U' a' v- f8 u) a 55. Social boycott3 X# i8 x6 j# q2 N- i4 Q
56. Selective social boycott8 F5 I+ t5 o! w- l% o; V
57. Lysistratic nonaction; Q: ~, B6 h; l0 k( j2 r: J, H9 M
58. Excommunication
3 P* r1 |. o. k 59. Interdict
6 X0 ]* ~/ I, o1 }* {5 h7 N' ]) q X
; p# i4 @& r# d @* JNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 a. w* q: `) c+ U8 d( L5 _0 h; a 60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ z. ^. `5 r# Z' _# U8 L1 Z
61. Boycott of social affairs
3 j# T+ j/ H; H& [ 62. Student strike1 B* x; D3 ^* q2 b) t9 p; d
63. Social disobedience
. g) r9 x* Z, w 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ x1 ~/ A3 E) j$ d" a5 G- c- a# r0 [- O u: v. ?% Q6 H
Withdrawal from the Social System8 K% K( d1 E( q0 G
65. Stay-at-home
/ Q* J- L$ M" }9 O* s 66. Total personal noncooperation
6 W: e0 {# i4 E 67. “Flight” of workers
6 C- r a) _) s ]8 ]. I 68. Sanctuary
+ c! R4 |0 |( ]2 D' M7 Y5 p3 r* r 69. Collective disappearance
$ t" {9 Y4 T9 B0 z- N/ w( ?: C 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. T' V. M; b( T) [& I7 B
3 I3 ?" N7 Y( F% k S: f
+ W0 I( ^0 K0 B- i; wActions by Consumers
% e: t M+ m$ X+ j4 N& X. G# w 71. Consumers’ boycott
$ k% g, A3 J m9 ?7 T) t 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 m: d: q8 j9 P 73. Policy of austerity9 }! k- P( G) X( S3 Z
74. Rent withholding2 h8 X) j- g% |5 \* B( }9 L
75. Refusal to rent5 j) i. v+ ?7 j7 I6 x2 i
76. National consumers’ boycott8 M) V+ d/ h5 {2 |
77. International consumers’ boycott: @" @7 b3 u( K' @( D$ t' v0 s
+ J3 t+ f3 R1 u( r) B8 h6 KAction by Workers and Producers" o" U* L5 ^$ L& w
78. Workmen’s boycott2 T8 p l6 V8 G
79. Producers’ boycott, I; X' l9 X+ p! Z
; o' z! d. q+ {! E
Action by Middlemen5 H8 ^0 z; [: K% r. v5 l" t
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# _7 ~, z/ s9 `' w
5 ?3 p! W" ?3 F3 {. aAction by Owners and Management
) c, _# y% B5 n! O3 D: K 81. Traders’ boycott3 M1 P0 `5 H3 \" F
82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 C, h( N2 B$ } 83. Lockout1 ?: z0 a% c) y$ n
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
f! i/ o- m+ W 85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 g9 r% U/ a' F! B
/ M8 T' Y$ o8 r0 @% X2 X& ]
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
) p6 Z$ w/ e {7 \& ~+ k 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 x4 D4 f9 J7 e6 q/ f( R! D 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 x' {+ l, c% [
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 V. B' L- M# p, r4 z7 c" |' Q: O 89. Severance of funds and credit: o! x" q% Z( s Z
90. Revenue refusal" E( o4 h a" `3 ?. q) B- P
91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 z x9 p% Y, G9 l0 t* _' x+ Y4 ]$ p
Action by Governments& _$ ^3 F! ]. \! h2 d
92. Domestic embargo! z g0 ~( n, z9 ^! A. p* h/ m2 Y
93. Blacklisting of traders
: }: [9 g2 J! z7 B1 _1 i; H 94. International sellers’ embargo
$ {3 B- c2 x9 L9 n 95. International buyers’ embargo
! g0 W& U# A0 e 96. International trade embargo
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& J& n! f7 I: E% j $ }5 S* c: P7 n8 c4 R
9 C: z! U, E+ Q1 X1 O( ]$ l5 t
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 @. q# S( k. V1 t8 v0 X, v5 n, P1 t
' C7 p: S# o* Q" y) |5 x
! Q Y& S( w) K# gSymbolic Strikes+ `0 Q( i, q# f/ G
97. Protest strike
1 C; s3 y. h0 m" u, c 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: c+ H3 |4 @) S7 P- c5 C6 q3 b
; P+ V# m" b/ HAgricultural Strikes$ s4 g# H: n2 X0 {! a" ?
99. Peasant strike2 V' y i5 z0 M$ _2 g
100. Farm Workers’ strike6 r7 R; H/ }/ N g
6 A8 u! F) t2 B4 \
Strikes by Special Groups
2 h. N/ J7 c5 R: L+ ] i$ W 101. Refusal of impressed labor9 N' u& p( P; c! X- w! i+ u
102. Prisoners’ strike
6 |8 |$ i) x" V$ y V 103. Craft strike
' H3 K/ e- |4 |9 f$ D& @ 104. Professional strike
0 z1 J, S3 F# y9 `3 `5 v
& k7 y- s9 \$ J1 q+ `Ordinary Industrial Strikes0 z' U) w3 ^/ u0 V
105. Establishment strike
& s: }! y+ d2 J( ^2 K) t! s- @ 106. Industry strike
8 _% q0 w' h8 j' d 107. Sympathetic strike9 L- y% a2 Q. j6 P* w9 F+ H$ L
9 X# X7 L6 K7 K/ M" JRestricted Strikes7 }" D3 u- ?2 {* y, k( I
108. Detailed strike: b+ o& a# U! T. f5 j% y
109. Bumper strike
. p/ |! s1 y; u: m- H" _2 Y 110. Slowdown strike5 |0 U5 ]: }% J
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ [$ ~2 b2 {+ H 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- w, l* ~, z' b( A, y, f 113. Strike by resignation; p) J* j: A3 ~
114. Limited strike$ e8 C6 H: I; w7 M- B. U, ^/ w8 F
115. Selective strike
! C- R) s+ ?0 `9 \# z& F0 S1 o7 s% H2 e
Multi-Industry Strikes
, A6 z; f) Y5 g+ Q- L. y# Z7 o3 s' _, G7 a$ n- [
116. Generalized strike
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3 M6 `- q7 R; {: u8 g# |8 k! n4 @ 117. General strike; X% u) o9 A' E% s
& E* @4 ]1 R& e1 u, C
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ L2 W' u: S* `: q/ U3 H$ @
1 l2 Y Q: H, p' S8 F 118. Hartal
( X- f- b- k# q# p- O
6 N! O$ I( l, N( P; A7 E3 M$ J' a 119. Economic shutdown
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; X9 M) s- V/ e5 R6 b( X0 F& W5 b
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% D. i6 g' _ {! d
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# m" N0 r3 _! @/ g9 m% TRejection of Authority
3 T: N* A1 ]: ^) v1 B7 [8 P% @9 j 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; V2 j; o: W Z7 J p6 ]
121. Refusal of public support! Q" s9 E* U7 I$ D3 n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 U+ C5 v6 Y: n% D3 C
& x% {( l$ S' R2 z4 b. iCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 @, ?6 e* N! P' T( l2 Z
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 d! z- z0 U" E4 c& c- @ 124. Boycott of elections6 o! o$ C+ n& V7 s& r! Q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 C2 c) t7 o8 g) m 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# C, E1 ^; h) l# m 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! R6 {4 h) Z5 M% _5 s* A 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
0 @# t# x8 o7 o; A, ^& L3 Z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 ^9 j6 _. K. H/ C4 o 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( E* @) f# k8 l, C2 q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 j, `, E+ \* Q& m [ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
( T/ E1 Z9 A# @" F, ?* l8 [
6 N2 T: H* H1 B; S8 bCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: a4 m7 [& }& P. m, E- z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; h+ M! u! s% r9 i- W' c* u 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- {1 W8 P. p( D0 e 135. Popular nonobedience# z$ f/ y; R) G' Y
136. Disguised disobedience
& W) F |5 E4 A& D, [$ T 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ a* ?" g% \, X. }2 _. `9 B1 J 138. Sitdown
1 M# t: M7 j8 G2 j' V- i0 ? 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 X& q; S" X7 V) | o 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& y# @4 Y% v# A1 k 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 u. r( {4 L; ?% t! b9 V( E4 l5 ^/ c- b6 e/ g* K( M) {
Action by Government Personnel
1 I! X; a1 f9 C% Y 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- e2 K) Z. _4 Y. [1 ?9 C) c
143. Blocking of lines of command and information/ P/ {3 `) _. |9 Z) z: D. G
144. Stalling and obstruction
7 k9 k, W; d) y6 s5 _, V 145. General administrative noncooperation# ^: P" @) _7 d9 m) v; Z
- u. a# T- ?- O' j+ x 146. Judicial noncooperation
% o% X# D4 k: A$ ] 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 f" C, X9 I% r8 x) J8 q: f0 K 148. Mutiny1 i2 I( V3 B" \- j) c5 u9 R$ ^
Domestic Governmental Action/ X4 M( ~) O, z9 b
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, a( @! z# p+ ?- Q2 b8 a: a 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# o7 Y" @0 O. a6 K0 P3 d/ j( t
* n- t. w7 f4 j B" @. {' w g# d8 d
International Governmental Action
8 C& ^( x- x! l) ` t; k0 S2 J 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 R: H: v' b9 l
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 x2 I6 O: Z5 ]- H: f$ H6 k% H S 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ V& e. @; U0 a+ _ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 l" ~9 t2 `6 D# i 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 T# B; J' j0 f4 z; L7 h9 ?9 r 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: i; j, z, c/ c& A; v% m8 _
157. Expulsion from international organizations# D+ v1 v: f+ o, A+ _; t
( Y: N7 ^6 y4 J) A! N' s% X6 a 7 Y. p* V' e2 E4 t2 p9 o7 K
3 o6 n8 N x) e" t F9 D/ B
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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8 A( { H1 Q# N. y, y8 p: C, DPsychological Intervention
6 |, U6 r$ u8 o8 u( \ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ J# Z- J$ o7 [* T9 E, @& ]0 n: K 159. The fast' K5 G8 a' [( e! M
a) Fast of moral pressure
+ b, f7 B+ l/ F, V' Q b) Hunger strike% J8 t& k1 P! L% \% H
c) Satyagrahic fast+ R; N m2 ]" E1 o% {
160. Reverse trial
6 v% Z* X) X* S. `% q 161. Nonviolent harassment: J8 j" l7 k8 s9 N) R9 S
! H! ]3 L; T* A$ b7 X& m, s
Physical Intervention
+ j M- A/ S" L9 O; I6 O1 b8 K* Y2 s/ O* W 162. Sit-in
" P9 y+ e# E) M6 I 163. Stand-in
% Z9 }. x4 c4 I, ?% ~ 164. Ride-in" s- q9 S7 [5 r3 {7 ]
165. Wade-in$ m/ u0 M2 J3 f# }
166. Mill-in
[4 U% V! A2 Q( q! d: U 167. Pray-in# Z7 v2 H# p3 O$ f8 S
168. Nonviolent raids
7 ? e" X L- M% i: M 169. Nonviolent air raids
. f8 y4 A4 a% S) C: i9 [6 W 170. Nonviolent invasion
. P- U# {% r% L. b0 s8 x 171. Nonviolent interjection. Y4 G1 f* |& E5 v5 Q3 U. M( Z
172. Nonviolent obstruction
' F, i' S t3 }, D 173. Nonviolent occupation9 |8 O- G2 H# B* J- [, y, O2 B
! I% N1 ]# n' @& }, v( d
Social Intervention. n& ~* x' E1 f8 ~+ W
174. Establishing new social patterns1 Y- z8 J1 D6 ^) ~
175. Overloading of facilities2 D# H; s& e1 ]* N7 Y
176. Stall-in, N$ W3 ^; x: z X6 F) w3 L" B$ Y
177. Speak-in; a. l. q v+ s: s Q# {# q: [/ L
178. Guerrilla theater
! ?5 F/ Z. [2 ^5 J# E$ {) U 179. Alternative social institutions8 t/ D3 U* ^8 z# c( \% H& ^
180. Alternative communication system
6 t3 _- k; f/ O! a K
; [7 f; `( v* h- b4 K, `Economic Intervention
1 h. v: j6 t/ |" F 181. Reverse strike' Q/ R" K: r/ E: y
182. Stay-in strike
# r4 a. x9 ~# c; p 183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 ]: V4 C1 l% }8 H. S D$ c 184. Defiance of blockades
7 h6 j: ]: m' f7 `1 R" H$ M6 } 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
. F; g$ M% Q9 k- d9 m8 U7 s 186. Preclusive purchasing
3 h/ `7 B+ b9 F1 a: G! X 187. Seizure of assets& O% o& |. |$ n7 E
188. Dumping9 x/ o/ q/ x/ k4 @
189. Selective patronage7 k+ O3 w! O, P3 i2 |9 X5 U4 r0 D
190. Alternative markets
% a! L9 ?% E* P* ] 191. Alternative transportation systems
" u/ _- B( a) r 192. Alternative economic institutions
$ d, m0 a( k( T0 b2 K" F
/ R2 u2 w0 Y# a! M9 G" ^4 L( l" tPolitical Intervention3 d0 k+ G! G- N- @
193. Overloading of administrative systems
: v( s, {* z$ K- K 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& k. O/ z! j Z# v2 S7 a, q2 R 195. Seeking imprisonment3 S. j+ O2 H. X! D
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! R! U7 M; D5 b& D0 S; O' Q& j 197. Work-on without collaboration4 H- k$ d- r9 H: l: `- d h0 q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 q& |% F. i8 Z' L/ `
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
