 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. T G+ T7 s" D0 w
Formal Statements
# g& m. M5 U/ @ 1. Public Speeches. b, j7 A+ @! E% |1 S* Z* x$ i
2. Letters of opposition or support
9 L m$ W' l, B" J9 ^9 p! f& c" K0 d 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ N- R/ I1 t- G, ?) Z/ W% ~
4. Signed public statements
4 A( {$ P' x9 G3 \+ {9 M; j 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 a: { k, }+ T# r+ b 6. Group or mass petitions, T* I: W& N& t; b* h, u
+ x6 M* E6 I' G, W/ k
Communications with a Wider Audience
/ E, T$ n3 P, `1 c3 C; E. B L 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# ^& K0 X, O; w# b5 Q
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! m- M% P F1 }& E$ j
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% }3 Q0 f! _9 T6 {+ t
10. Newspapers and journals
3 G5 y% D8 O& a9 N! V; i5 e 11. Records, radio, and television8 m& i7 ~5 s: s5 @5 D* r, Z* F
12. Skywriting and earthwriting& \: @; D+ h$ x: ^' g, o) I
0 W: T. D. Y2 b9 k0 a. y8 P# C2 J `4 kGroup Representations
: Q/ E% l, J9 `& c% Q& M4 M( B 13. Deputations; H4 M" Y2 l8 s8 H
14. Mock awards
4 w0 \5 F4 k8 N1 P- k% W, p7 j* ] 15. Group lobbying9 I1 C) U: N, ^" d! A
16. Picketing
5 l$ A- H1 J$ `5 n6 ^7 f' F 17. Mock elections
' X5 @6 S o7 i+ f& I3 k
6 ^6 J7 s6 a* gSymbolic Public Acts* e+ i' b" ]* m6 B
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, i2 v* p+ N) q3 t7 U6 N( }6 g* s
19. Wearing of symbols* U7 G7 X8 f# X% m2 t/ s
20. Prayer and worship9 e: P* L1 o. [, X+ P
21. Delivering symbolic objects
: S+ _4 L9 v2 {: t5 K+ e 22. Protest disrobings: J5 ~6 Z A/ n Y2 M& c
23. Destruction of own property& h, U* q) x# l3 U* |
24. Symbolic lights& {" ?& j7 J4 I
25. Displays of portraits9 N1 q1 O$ ?% z7 [
26. Paint as protest
" T7 Y1 q/ z& r+ d 27. New signs and names
' F1 R- ^0 M& B) f# B, t9 C! { 28. Symbolic sounds; M% K9 x0 a6 H4 i( w* ~4 g% R1 A% P
29. Symbolic reclamations& F7 m8 K! f8 Q& @; \- t% K
30. Rude gestures# [7 b+ r5 R+ k' h+ _& ~
g" U/ ^* {; r1 N2 @
Pressures on Individuals
# z; I9 F' Z) W7 \$ [2 r3 ` 31. “Haunting” officials
7 r9 ]: B" w0 R6 a E 32. Taunting officials3 _7 X- v/ a5 i1 r/ P
33. Fraternization
0 [3 x+ g: A2 P/ O5 I5 F' Z 34. Vigils
& r/ v" E8 ]- E: ]5 R+ A# P m1 m7 Y8 P6 @+ d" z# C
Drama and Music! X- X6 S9 E3 q$ b
35. Humorous skits and pranks
) C R; u: j2 V9 {* g. R( I' [ 36. Performances of plays and music
3 W. y: p2 S7 j; O+ y3 R$ I 37. Singing8 H5 R! v4 n" T+ Q
2 C+ P8 L- C3 e# B4 K4 kProcessions( }6 z7 l: k$ l* _3 G1 N
38. Marches4 B: F, h! k$ [7 A7 J
39. Parades( W4 _! w0 B8 \2 h+ g# T1 Z9 ~
40. Religious processions
6 h% W$ q) U, u3 T3 l$ t 41. Pilgrimages
% c& x+ j) @4 z, N' U ]: s, R, {! z5 f 42. Motorcades
~& w, L1 C0 ?/ {$ i; h$ j1 `: w7 T0 @8 \& i
Honoring the Dead
" Z, f% A0 n; `" ]" i8 ] O1 |! P 43. Political mourning) Y% O9 h; b- G5 [+ l
44. Mock funerals8 C. D, v) H# r7 B7 r1 M
45. Demonstrative funerals( n) P6 b/ h! b6 u
46. Homage at burial places- ]+ i0 `1 P+ m
8 I, H* Q9 \, v2 K8 _# i! cPublic Assemblies, D8 x5 |6 d" w7 ` J6 M7 L
47. Assemblies of protest or support$ H$ T* [7 B" c% ?
48. Protest meetings
6 p0 {; b9 m, X, F% j/ o 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
5 e4 s) r0 m# n7 R 50. Teach-ins! G4 S8 c7 |# } L3 H
* e* k r5 F: Z! e* y, a
Withdrawal and Renunciation
& M+ x8 {0 Y4 n9 p' g. C 51. Walk-outs: ?9 W1 R. Z/ M6 N. b2 ?
52. Silence
7 c! t! u' ]! _# c( r5 F 53. Renouncing honors
: k8 F3 o8 X+ ~ 54. Turning one’s back$ n' `: S' V6 S# J
' `% e4 t/ k* m. X x % W$ H# E& s) L3 z: v/ s
. ^" B# g* v& m. X- U0 @' N, e6 p9 mTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' q. }% m. ^* U2 F. G9 ]& J1 {9 \1 R
4 X% J) ~- p- I l9 z+ E 3 P( A% i' R: O9 q( n- f
( I" \1 K% ]5 |3 b1 \Ostracism of Persons6 B( f# J; u0 W
55. Social boycott
% |. U8 B& G. W/ h0 _/ \' b 56. Selective social boycott
9 f$ l$ T+ }8 Z) x0 g8 s! w 57. Lysistratic nonaction
; q. D1 [. O! u( Y 58. Excommunication
/ \1 `- f. j" h+ {" f% g! m# p 59. Interdict
# h8 G3 l' j2 a3 d* A/ j. I5 Q% K% v4 ~& H$ m9 h
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 y! Y# G, ]6 ]3 k! w 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ c" \0 H. U" `3 y3 s9 D6 [% d 61. Boycott of social affairs4 z* b k6 u. j2 A$ @" m
62. Student strike
) C+ b% r2 I/ [6 ]3 q3 ~ 63. Social disobedience
, t! j9 G6 `$ p 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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3 ]% U7 _/ J# q5 K( tWithdrawal from the Social System
! h4 C$ q* \% D 65. Stay-at-home2 X8 n% Z4 ]4 U/ [& ]5 \
66. Total personal noncooperation
1 m/ y/ v( g3 P4 R& u- a 67. “Flight” of workers* y7 C8 I' q; J Q0 I# B7 ^
68. Sanctuary
! M0 G7 b, \! f& z 69. Collective disappearance
N7 A! G* w" T7 Z0 D1 e, H 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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5 w1 ~2 h8 ]) i2 J3 Z' D : V/ X8 q+ U# a
Actions by Consumers
2 T% x. J2 i" c4 M; D. {* [ 71. Consumers’ boycott+ w1 e- ~+ ~0 w
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
" `7 A3 x$ _& d |- ` 73. Policy of austerity4 M. A* B) }$ [) N. C
74. Rent withholding
4 [" W# v1 r# c( ?6 i( l 75. Refusal to rent
2 Y8 {, j* g# T' Q% m 76. National consumers’ boycott
- N+ M9 H* C3 t 77. International consumers’ boycott
' F* e5 Y3 X- z% S1 v3 @
: Q/ u& p6 ^; L+ m4 l: M: N, ]Action by Workers and Producers
3 P8 i% F& j; T$ Y2 d- Z! a( \4 w 78. Workmen’s boycott
8 ^. z' _) Q, V7 a2 ?2 i 79. Producers’ boycott
2 x% i1 `& j) v
: e" R6 O6 O7 z5 AAction by Middlemen
; h! `: O+ j/ u- c! ~ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 Z0 _4 v' B; u9 H: p- r
/ \4 d3 ]; B; U( n: sAction by Owners and Management
' {2 u" g6 z4 B0 B( e5 m' X* U 81. Traders’ boycott9 T* T8 o) g) o, i+ i0 {, O
82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 e2 O4 Z: x9 Z, Z) u: k 83. Lockout. h/ u4 N- D; \
84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 w( [5 B. F# e( G7 o v
85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ _+ B. ?+ C! c. S: w
2 G6 V0 l3 I3 z$ N! g3 V" ?Action by Holders of Financial Resources
- W. s- z( o' s: N 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 ~) o* r$ h* |( z$ ^" m! L& m
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 y9 @5 G+ Z! U/ M
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) z) X, b: ?) K* G6 i( [
89. Severance of funds and credit( ~- y8 r1 W' e; K3 }
90. Revenue refusal# \/ I+ i! D8 i" ^4 [( }* U; T) ^
91. Refusal of a government’s money
! y7 |# M" |9 g( s8 F
! d( ?/ Q& B( _# y2 LAction by Governments
" D! I4 K/ u* C3 J4 q 92. Domestic embargo& i; `9 w# Y* l: X2 l
93. Blacklisting of traders
5 H2 d k# w1 g; m! i* D# a 94. International sellers’ embargo
, @5 s/ Y- {6 J' z/ P9 ^ 95. International buyers’ embargo
! v( k, l( W+ t! }% b. i 96. International trade embargo
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% O, Q, m& B: t$ X4 k0 E+ p) _. ? + x0 w* U$ m* ~3 N# u; i1 w2 y9 E
: r: T& l6 B: z. a5 FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( ~* z4 e: P+ k' d! n
% a) `$ M ]1 I, x) ^ D; g 6 j2 \- k+ \% S/ W/ g7 X
Symbolic Strikes
5 f2 g j, R; X8 H) C 97. Protest strike
# y7 U5 C1 V2 |3 p, p { 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 I; v' B* w! |- q
, ~. n- A8 A: u1 k: hAgricultural Strikes
. e1 p1 ^2 n* b% w8 p# g& u. X 99. Peasant strike
, U4 B' L/ j- b) D! a$ e 100. Farm Workers’ strike/ V* f! e* Q' d2 t4 x
- {/ a( m" k* i. N1 k+ c4 h
Strikes by Special Groups1 N. V. R: P/ T3 I1 N3 K' C
101. Refusal of impressed labor
: o! |5 v& |; X, R7 L 102. Prisoners’ strike
$ y c0 z0 |& m+ x$ d" v6 i 103. Craft strike
) Z7 b u M2 Z2 u: {4 F 104. Professional strike& l- J/ b) d ^
3 `& G# X, L+ J' yOrdinary Industrial Strikes/ Z" j) N: _3 G9 L$ i9 X7 X
105. Establishment strike
7 U" t1 l- _7 J* E 106. Industry strike' k2 n, k3 j# K; n8 g9 c+ ^4 I
107. Sympathetic strike& n, P" R; O2 H; C
% ^4 Y( e5 W" W0 v# s
Restricted Strikes2 `! A% m/ z( \5 h3 B( t+ G
108. Detailed strike1 }5 V) n$ c5 K2 S
109. Bumper strike
5 Q9 G; X- X! _$ E 110. Slowdown strike
3 y' C- P8 W0 J7 J1 j* _ 111. Working-to-rule strike. H# l" j, P/ ]" d) I& T' F& }! X
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 g" e) l7 C0 r0 l/ X) A N
113. Strike by resignation
; @4 U& ?9 d( W- C9 F. z" J 114. Limited strike( C9 Y" y& Q) [: `: P
115. Selective strike# N: z" c" }! a; ]
4 k1 ?, J9 B; b6 \2 `
Multi-Industry Strikes6 z5 v I$ z2 {" e
- Y- n; E. f4 J8 L
116. Generalized strike) N/ S+ o; @& S* ?6 I; b
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117. General strike5 b5 F& G* m0 p% f/ X3 l1 |5 y: V: p
! j- @) P7 B% p& H" D
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 J: ]! t; x2 H* |' M
' r- Z3 ~: f& k" F8 Q* x* T& g: _( F
118. Hartal
* M* H; F; q/ W5 r7 M3 ^' Y0 F' `
119. Economic shutdown9 V$ r) ^$ h) \0 K+ }. G0 r" b& k& Z
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; M5 Y( E* U1 i3 o' n
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& w8 u/ c) N# b Q5 Z0 M4 N2 L
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Rejection of Authority4 H' d+ o/ S( I! h( n
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. Z1 f0 C7 T7 y* {1 x. |& c 121. Refusal of public support
! X$ S8 i8 O6 K$ U 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance \, H% I( O I3 l9 C/ C
- t( M0 X+ \/ W YCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government# f; V5 N; |" I0 C
123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 H2 {# ^ I, m& N# Q. o
124. Boycott of elections
n8 ^! S7 A# R, ] 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, m! \. N' S, ^. F7 Y+ ~ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* U5 q+ d% j, V, l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% ^' v; t2 _4 W' P3 K4 J 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- N2 h- f- W$ J 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( M! ~, M5 L# X4 t6 V# x/ T 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" W) X& o8 g2 P' n4 { 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 l( ?/ [% y) ~+ P
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 X5 _. {" E' n+ H
$ x1 K, u; N/ T- D+ ?, |) _, hCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: e# h0 ~) v' R! j0 S3 I 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 l p6 G c+ {$ n( ~8 Z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( J8 d0 g; n2 o2 p: O 135. Popular nonobedience% T: Y% ~- [0 k9 E
136. Disguised disobedience6 Q' ]1 \" g# {7 q# C! P! S
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: W1 D7 a8 A( @6 X( F. T/ D 138. Sitdown
8 g3 U8 U7 z" |; A 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% [7 ^4 f8 ^& w2 [7 F
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* n( f: e, ^; H; Y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 e, X8 d% `" B( j* D7 J) h, K
) n' g, T3 a. u* |3 |; {Action by Government Personnel
& Q) t7 {) s& j0 ? 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 L6 h. V0 r2 g9 H1 y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information' k- z0 a9 _, b) f
144. Stalling and obstruction: H+ L3 I8 Z6 y) g' Z# Z2 z) P2 z! G, i
145. General administrative noncooperation% O' G5 v0 V0 B
, i& B* a Q- N6 g/ c9 l
146. Judicial noncooperation
4 E9 q3 V. o2 ?* v6 p 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents7 M9 h- m M4 x' v J' o' E1 z
148. Mutiny
/ B0 c( q1 f" C! u' t; e9 Q) IDomestic Governmental Action
8 j: ~- E; i/ o 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ t3 h7 _: p8 G! D9 v$ \
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# E+ [ J0 J% X4 a3 l9 c4 J6 k' ?% Y8 b
International Governmental Action0 E6 W- D( C( v/ z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 G7 ^& t4 B* k! w; v& R8 R: t. C 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
, I4 K2 u) w! t+ n" M 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" A: a" @' v# ]/ R+ z% o
154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ e# b3 z4 f, a1 o
155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 F# k/ q, v5 d5 H
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 u9 r4 z' [; M) z5 m+ e 157. Expulsion from international organizations
$ c2 {- P) O9 f6 e& n( ^2 ~9 [0 V7 Q1 ~/ d1 E& h9 D% w
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$ H8 I X. z, Y# `. T K; }5 c) v" m
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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$ A6 \, \2 r& o( T/ p2 d sPsychological Intervention
! f9 J( M8 B4 m" e* Y8 t 158. Self-exposure to the elements: l* N, Q. L* Z1 s. l
159. The fast
7 P% C! \& F% [ a) Fast of moral pressure
a, ~2 [* M, ?8 {1 `; a% }- h/ s b) Hunger strike
, x$ g' T' W2 K2 ?7 | c) Satyagrahic fast
4 E" S; P- A+ G% Q- X4 q 160. Reverse trial! `0 J1 F- ~( p& \) [, w8 X
161. Nonviolent harassment4 P t2 R8 d- S. D8 E0 a6 j, A! @4 |3 J
2 }; U' ~# ?+ I$ ]! s$ `
Physical Intervention
+ ]+ f, T# w- z' r 162. Sit-in" I- x4 v: Z, c, Z
163. Stand-in
+ o2 h% A! r; j- l 164. Ride-in, F) H6 M6 {7 j5 ]! S; i7 t
165. Wade-in1 b; G% ^" Z! }$ g) q3 N* ?& |7 p
166. Mill-in
" l7 S0 U: l# H6 O5 h* Y 167. Pray-in
" E; f5 L( I& a6 ]+ {/ l 168. Nonviolent raids
. w- v" f( S" Z+ }" S/ f7 K 169. Nonviolent air raids" }" \ Q8 |# `& i
170. Nonviolent invasion
- v8 h! G6 o6 u$ R: y 171. Nonviolent interjection$ j2 T! d4 u7 a$ k/ }
172. Nonviolent obstruction" O( K \3 ]' P
173. Nonviolent occupation
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( d/ m& z: } [; k6 @+ W* ySocial Intervention
* a) N {2 D6 D! O7 h7 Q8 {+ ]$ w1 m 174. Establishing new social patterns0 z6 A3 m6 ]: w4 Z# G' n7 n) x
175. Overloading of facilities! B) p, @$ ~9 `5 |: B
176. Stall-in
* Z) @, i* i6 I8 J, G$ H 177. Speak-in
- J8 v3 G( p( t! {0 {+ x) ? 178. Guerrilla theater
7 |) v( a+ j$ x- e9 q 179. Alternative social institutions$ w7 l/ Y# {2 F n5 @
180. Alternative communication system
3 z1 X% Z K% {3 |. q. K/ }" q& T3 g( j8 C
Economic Intervention
' h$ p% Y8 M% ~, o4 Q2 o7 x 181. Reverse strike9 D6 A% K5 E# L
182. Stay-in strike& ]5 |2 z* \0 W1 u$ _5 q$ t% |* ]
183. Nonviolent land seizure T$ S# x/ T7 i& P3 p7 F& s. O
184. Defiance of blockades
5 T. x1 Q# P% ^ A9 B1 Z- j: w 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 f4 a% |/ _6 l: i$ O/ }
186. Preclusive purchasing
, T {7 i6 u- B8 T' Y 187. Seizure of assets" ?+ {) G, ^- G6 o% U
188. Dumping( i& ?" b$ x" L, m5 G
189. Selective patronage
2 S; m; |9 P) `4 B 190. Alternative markets
7 m. k5 t |% q3 l3 C- c 191. Alternative transportation systems
: k/ O! H/ w @% r 192. Alternative economic institutions
, t2 ^; H. K8 ?1 s% E2 q. h2 {9 {1 T3 R7 p3 @+ `
Political Intervention4 V" k. }& c+ r4 e; s4 e2 P
193. Overloading of administrative systems
; M8 J* s3 P( k" l 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
. d F0 x! |' C) N W 195. Seeking imprisonment
, C) i. [9 a3 N4 z* m 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws- ?3 }. L1 ^3 N( i/ V
197. Work-on without collaboration
. p9 Y, O( x2 u 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ ~0 p% C1 K" b% m! c4 _1 U6 [; q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
