 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% S3 |! u( f7 [7 t) F, n5 fFormal Statements K/ ?- e0 {) D& z0 ^# f5 k! i
1. Public Speeches' N; J- t) u% }6 a
2. Letters of opposition or support+ ]; g# z3 F5 d! e& R
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ t8 y9 `$ F" }3 w
4. Signed public statements) a" S- o, ]3 P0 ~" Y$ @
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
0 }1 Q( M4 p+ X% y7 T' @ 6. Group or mass petitions1 G9 f7 S! R. Z
& a) T1 H# ~% F2 D' g9 ]Communications with a Wider Audience
# h) p4 E, m, ?; C: ` 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 q A9 P2 D0 x7 A 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ ^" q @+ o# S5 Y! t% d 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: n" u2 s" K; K0 y& W- F* U 10. Newspapers and journals
]5 x9 P! Q) h! G, ~ 11. Records, radio, and television+ s0 C* G+ ? `) a) r) t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' C2 ~, x! M+ D$ s+ h) U8 B8 D' E% N( }4 M0 H$ I' s& Y
Group Representations6 j- }! R9 ]' q. q2 b
13. Deputations
7 U, X% }- r1 S \' U" u 14. Mock awards
5 W* Y) I' L5 h5 L* p2 j% X1 r7 l 15. Group lobbying
6 p; L( O) ?5 G3 K; e2 ` 16. Picketing# x* u; t5 Q0 j- ~( f; ^5 G
17. Mock elections
% Y# w0 F$ R' L0 `0 q- q6 @- c6 b# y1 I- ^
Symbolic Public Acts* W" |9 [& w+ }0 c
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. H& _3 } e% U; F' ^ 19. Wearing of symbols3 J1 e4 k) i* D/ s, R" s( Y
20. Prayer and worship
7 }; M3 Q! c; w6 y1 i 21. Delivering symbolic objects1 `1 z6 H! m' }$ Y" v
22. Protest disrobings
5 A1 J4 Q. e) N 23. Destruction of own property
* w( Q' L8 O% o+ x2 m 24. Symbolic lights
, P1 f) e9 D. X7 G' o) U 25. Displays of portraits
4 u0 j" m/ ]0 ]+ e; X. ?3 t 26. Paint as protest
( I$ O f# `9 b* Z 27. New signs and names
/ }, ^# |6 P- W8 E6 Z- l, R 28. Symbolic sounds. e: E2 R; S- u3 H& w% r
29. Symbolic reclamations
. ^1 O! p( j, v3 m 30. Rude gestures
( K) @1 k `; U* ~
' [2 C- g4 U( e: ^; IPressures on Individuals
; r* X6 j7 R w$ _ 31. “Haunting” officials* O) D8 |9 c6 s0 z% e0 @! x
32. Taunting officials8 }+ E" p! j9 \9 ~7 V) }
33. Fraternization; K: R1 c' n# `. e: i9 n) Y0 O' s; t
34. Vigils+ U9 V0 y9 @$ d" c& p% |
$ [. }+ B8 d7 j: cDrama and Music4 H& ~# s/ O @/ @1 g
35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ Y' f: O9 A) n0 u! B3 \; N 36. Performances of plays and music
) v/ v- r3 M7 k2 ^* J g2 A 37. Singing
& }& c! ?! z' |$ J) @, H, {
; z- Y( O# V9 r' y4 T+ [Processions
9 s4 k. u( ~- j5 ]) B" m1 ^ 38. Marches
4 M/ \* }: J, |* ~8 e0 h 39. Parades4 M3 @% W' |; P% r
40. Religious processions& `' `9 L" e2 W# y5 Z( V( ~
41. Pilgrimages- {8 q. u: Z+ E) r1 G
42. Motorcades
+ P2 p3 I# f8 `0 I( o" O; L$ j Z# M
Honoring the Dead
0 d5 H) @6 Q# j 43. Political mourning
8 }% G5 H: o! _9 C6 ] 44. Mock funerals
( M: s+ z# L$ e3 L; d; @ 45. Demonstrative funerals
& B8 s) m. v1 g4 \) P 46. Homage at burial places* X2 Y6 h$ G$ E3 E, P: `. x* d
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Public Assemblies; k2 [* ?/ Z1 ^# {
47. Assemblies of protest or support
- p. W5 D+ |% I 48. Protest meetings
o1 t0 q+ h% Q" E% M6 | 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# H$ H/ ]5 n* W2 M6 T( X
50. Teach-ins
! Y: f! \7 T( U1 @7 B6 U" |; `+ @$ M" v+ r! n! V+ K+ C: g1 e
Withdrawal and Renunciation M1 C. m9 @6 k$ [
51. Walk-outs" Z% e" Q9 [6 J% R+ ]/ E' Q" [( q
52. Silence
/ C, i. @( ^3 X7 ?4 b 53. Renouncing honors0 r) B- e3 x. `* G Z5 l7 D, x) B
54. Turning one’s back+ {/ P- v) D% T5 P! o4 n
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3 \7 [8 K5 }! X0 b- v; l& U
- A( z4 c, @8 V7 @; V" v+ K$ rTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons$ j6 D) I4 `, H8 ^' W
55. Social boycott' N6 s5 K: n- F/ f7 O2 P9 A4 E
56. Selective social boycott8 D- N" W( e o, N1 H! w- r8 [
57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 ~! M9 }" q* m; \1 `; L. B2 ^ 58. Excommunication7 M3 e4 Z% d+ b8 a0 g$ i
59. Interdict
3 _, S/ u( y! t- J7 T0 G# l8 j+ r4 R! K5 `/ Y( [
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions6 }+ Z: t8 D" ?8 i5 u5 f# _5 U1 x
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 B6 @6 |! E9 P$ `: U4 b% a" U" g 61. Boycott of social affairs
# r9 m7 e% V. Z% u. G 62. Student strike8 Y6 Q; s) P/ _
63. Social disobedience
; [+ e( A7 S( [& Q" c# h& {1 h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 ~8 F f* z3 c" I2 e
. @. O/ Q2 Y7 eWithdrawal from the Social System
[9 i3 Z2 G8 t9 D) g 65. Stay-at-home
/ E3 o( g2 g6 y4 P- z. ?3 W 66. Total personal noncooperation; h: d( \& Y( ^+ W( m) v1 H, H- o
67. “Flight” of workers4 n! z9 m7 c; W+ Z1 Z1 S* r
68. Sanctuary
4 T5 |" \7 H5 u 69. Collective disappearance
" |: K, P! u8 D8 s! X! V. D6 _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat). t/ {% J. N0 ?1 G: C
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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9 n. a% L6 c# }Actions by Consumers4 _) j0 v- D0 U+ I6 I
71. Consumers’ boycott
3 T$ ~/ j3 w; J5 j 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 J6 F' L5 \# \+ ^5 i' N 73. Policy of austerity
, R, z. a4 B' u1 s1 H7 e( i E 74. Rent withholding
1 L8 S! Y9 C7 U0 q1 q% ]! b/ x 75. Refusal to rent
9 x& q) O2 s- B# H! t0 v" [( P 76. National consumers’ boycott
8 s; o0 s8 N- Z3 q% C5 }# U X 77. International consumers’ boycott7 N: z% D: ?, P8 n s% T
- T4 e9 K7 A" lAction by Workers and Producers: B* S% Q- h' j9 p; k8 }
78. Workmen’s boycott
" _- J! e( _4 b# ~3 O 79. Producers’ boycott
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; k6 ? V1 I3 o/ E2 eAction by Middlemen' {0 N% v" |# M, {
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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& T2 T1 @- k+ l- hAction by Owners and Management" s1 w* i9 ?7 V
81. Traders’ boycott
; L! w9 F% `% U0 ?8 N; H7 C 82. Refusal to let or sell property) z S5 u" Q$ i- s! Q
83. Lockout
% M/ \9 {: y6 {, i 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
" i5 n) K3 a3 |* L 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ e* Y V g9 a5 Y# T0 y, E- K( k. |: M6 M: y1 t; D6 d
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( @! W0 i/ O1 |6 m9 b7 z; ?$ y4 c/ | 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
I6 y* `( i9 A( \3 m" c 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) y. N/ a' g6 E6 E* j6 O
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* j b7 K3 e2 [9 b$ k2 @+ v: P 89. Severance of funds and credit
' W2 b9 M$ y: y5 Y 90. Revenue refusal% j; z6 B, b6 j# I1 J
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
" {5 V m& t; J2 t% L 92. Domestic embargo
! @7 ]7 _& J0 i K. V/ W2 ^ 93. Blacklisting of traders
( X. K; `5 q5 r) i. ]! x o$ J 94. International sellers’ embargo* f. ]7 M' U# j* I) t
95. International buyers’ embargo7 l) A% W" v. t7 U
96. International trade embargo+ ^6 o9 F# ?6 S3 @* d9 m! y$ P2 Q
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/ R' P7 Q( s- v8 V, H$ l# OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE7 G4 R# i- s- |0 [' Q, P+ M
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1 l1 H; w$ }0 ?Symbolic Strikes( @, B+ e0 W7 C9 Z
97. Protest strike- w- G7 H2 s1 Z( y) N& k
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ N0 t: S: d% o- K& m b6 J$ L% b
1 ?* d; I! U2 nAgricultural Strikes+ `, c% X0 Z* g8 E
99. Peasant strike6 c0 C9 r( D9 T( Q
100. Farm Workers’ strike& v: r- v2 q- @3 N
: b2 E1 H/ e, Y* ]3 e+ n$ Y
Strikes by Special Groups" A" D( x& z4 I3 \3 l
101. Refusal of impressed labor
5 b4 }7 S; p7 I5 t @# { 102. Prisoners’ strike
; T# @/ {! ~" \) B 103. Craft strike
8 `) O% g& c) z8 Q 104. Professional strike u2 d, R8 p* O( ~6 e1 W' p$ K$ e
5 f& Y& L; S% o. J& K
Ordinary Industrial Strikes" k3 o6 t( ~/ B) ]2 o
105. Establishment strike
: y& D' q; v2 Y. a/ Y 106. Industry strike
2 v. O7 ^' J8 S% n 107. Sympathetic strike
5 G+ T. i2 @; [5 I [; C: d& |3 b) o
Restricted Strikes# y" G! F+ _$ ?. G# c. }$ ]3 o% ?5 [
108. Detailed strike
( p4 W* N0 V" U+ `. v# d 109. Bumper strike
7 Z0 w( x5 ~6 c; T& U 110. Slowdown strike
/ a" j+ }! D8 U3 s 111. Working-to-rule strike
% ^8 @ }3 w/ G7 Y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' m4 Q. w/ N. v; L, `
113. Strike by resignation
; P- W* `! |" N3 o0 B 114. Limited strike5 f* g. A) ?! s0 ]# a5 _0 q7 a1 s
115. Selective strike
+ k& Q* P# j" v# v
w/ [5 T8 b1 |! BMulti-Industry Strikes
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( R* w) O* U" T6 Z: l( f& ^ 116. Generalized strike) g; r- A8 c' d( q5 @* q
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117. General strike% x) S# o7 H7 q1 g2 E6 }
6 M& |, h+ l0 `( `& W3 YCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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+ @+ |! ~; x. M 118. Hartal- k! ~! D4 x. O! V
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
1 ]9 U/ b: G0 l 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ U+ t% v: W3 P C8 e- P. }6 @( F 121. Refusal of public support
' q6 _$ N8 x9 B 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ s2 A- }! E# k, Z! [$ i
/ Z7 L: h- z w! x
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government. J N& Y6 ]' G# f, R6 {
123. Boycott of legislative bodies# q& G$ H$ t" s7 G' L* x2 Y- n
124. Boycott of elections1 s U# p2 I0 D" h, t. R
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ Z% d! ?5 v8 h6 q* C2 \5 b8 Q1 m 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies2 I; g' N, j/ x) t
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, |' R/ g. z9 ~. |+ t0 K
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. ?/ h0 G; E3 p6 L$ M: d 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' A" G/ A6 \) P4 K# D
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks( y6 g+ C9 N0 z( f6 ]4 |
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. q. j6 i- H& j& r4 R6 g 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ C' \) T+ U& y% Z9 I- r3 _1 e
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" H1 X" n3 s% l; o 133. Reluctant and slow compliance. U. i0 d/ O' \ q
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' g# ]- Z0 j! I+ p 135. Popular nonobedience$ q0 z: B) F9 Y: W7 g% k
136. Disguised disobedience0 b. z2 S1 Y6 x8 T
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 i3 {0 J( ^" c$ y
138. Sitdown4 T( G5 f) U7 H5 e. M4 Z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- M' p+ O, f- i6 |1 H5 Y; t
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 j# u3 y2 H; R% B. t0 Q( }. F
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% u+ Z7 }1 B: r3 p8 O/ ^
4 a, B- |) K7 J1 R x. Y
Action by Government Personnel
+ u' h; S ?- {3 Z& N6 A) [ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; {" \: u' L o3 z4 r% b; K 143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 s( h7 {& X7 i; H7 j1 i
144. Stalling and obstruction: ^1 w6 ?; l6 f5 d
145. General administrative noncooperation
g( J# q, F5 W3 @
, S( R( I0 p& h- {# r 146. Judicial noncooperation1 a& D# `; S6 [$ n$ a6 a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. d6 C- V8 T' X( ~ 148. Mutiny+ m N! J7 T. a' E
Domestic Governmental Action
, \' x/ v$ R h2 V 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
1 Z- u$ ?0 S: K" L; d7 T 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
k3 J- h% w0 P2 E3 V, G8 @8 k; x5 Q, U( M3 u! L
International Governmental Action6 t7 f' J' w$ G a
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ ?* U! l: I+ O' w 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. D' C, m% ? i5 H
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition9 ]5 \$ {7 f; \$ Y9 q
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
) C) i5 H! [8 z/ Q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: U& Q* l. }$ Z8 @ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
Z4 N6 F0 n; n+ F 157. Expulsion from international organizations3 }/ |9 x3 l. g* b. z
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION" F) F9 l& W _ k% P; I8 n/ E
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4 C5 t) ~5 x( [8 `0 [5 C. y. G" APsychological Intervention
( ^; L: y& C) p/ l& A( {( [# R 158. Self-exposure to the elements- t" e) L1 A! k
159. The fast
1 V, V0 H6 T# t9 D" _ a) Fast of moral pressure
3 R0 K+ n, n+ q2 b: |, m b) Hunger strike2 X M; e8 A2 A; e6 s+ |, q$ ?, |
c) Satyagrahic fast. ], m" r* p3 L7 \- F1 b; X
160. Reverse trial
0 J( n& a6 o2 M: u9 p 161. Nonviolent harassment. }/ U/ Y. m |: K9 W
/ `5 C; K; r7 O, qPhysical Intervention9 n1 A/ I( p: s, r) l
162. Sit-in) ]" U- H, B# ]* H6 G
163. Stand-in
& P7 Q7 n$ V$ ]" F. w$ y3 o 164. Ride-in
/ h" J8 b8 b: ?" w L 165. Wade-in
( D, k2 Z! Z) |! J1 V- m/ Q 166. Mill-in
5 S6 H" m9 r8 D 167. Pray-in2 c$ g. q1 n$ D4 R i1 w) w
168. Nonviolent raids2 x5 Y& }' e, d1 r
169. Nonviolent air raids7 S+ N- O7 b! i0 M5 [& D! u( ^
170. Nonviolent invasion8 {8 }( b* T! M! w8 b" B# ^* a
171. Nonviolent interjection6 M- C7 }5 U# z2 r: y
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, t; P7 k- ^% U. X" H" m 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
$ n0 S4 r- M* u9 C7 J3 R 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 {/ z4 U& H7 v" w 175. Overloading of facilities
) M7 E# M0 F5 y% i* I+ } 176. Stall-in
) e- y3 O6 Z% L( Z8 n3 } 177. Speak-in; F! {7 W& T9 m, D. D
178. Guerrilla theater# c& c; m1 K" {! J
179. Alternative social institutions6 {7 H! e) f9 w, G0 } W% O
180. Alternative communication system- c( K: \8 `# ~; n1 G
; X9 ^7 c( V3 f+ h; X) EEconomic Intervention
4 \. b; [ l; v* x, U 181. Reverse strike8 v: }7 n5 C% v y# o
182. Stay-in strike
, x" ] @2 h; p( U4 z0 f" `. o' S 183. Nonviolent land seizure) P R3 m( `' K6 r
184. Defiance of blockades
5 K5 l4 x% p! Q$ @6 e, B4 y+ h 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 g2 O( \+ Z0 s) `# t$ u$ ]: t7 Y 186. Preclusive purchasing
4 Z* y: {3 K9 @) q' H( S/ W 187. Seizure of assets/ ^* N( K0 R& O9 H7 U; X- y
188. Dumping
1 z+ g) H4 r6 @- p$ p+ }/ ? 189. Selective patronage
- O f% |9 \ s8 P/ }& V: ]0 } 190. Alternative markets% v! b3 c) J% o) g- Q! q
191. Alternative transportation systems
; d/ k7 D' H( h% f1 Z; H 192. Alternative economic institutions
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4 c7 U/ D+ x6 o4 Q3 {$ C# c( E5 ePolitical Intervention1 y( m( V2 y$ H1 t/ Y
193. Overloading of administrative systems2 n$ e2 w k: w/ i2 n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 P7 {. L# i. y d% `: T- h 195. Seeking imprisonment- l$ A4 ?, k7 G% s% p
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 Q# `6 ?( ^2 T. h
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 C( _5 k; f& _: v2 S" A% a 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
