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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! \) |3 J- k* o" k) r* Q3 {/ X
Formal Statements
. S2 j3 _( O7 D/ G) A% t# Q" [' O& G 1. Public Speeches
( t( Q( |: t! B 2. Letters of opposition or support4 N @) N. c" T( d$ n+ Q1 B
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# \+ W1 ]+ r0 I- b8 P 4. Signed public statements
/ c1 t8 {8 I0 h 5. Declarations of indictment and intention* \5 U) l. A! D. J
6. Group or mass petitions
/ v0 U: j! f7 S& k' I% c" i x( r- w7 T W- T E8 _
Communications with a Wider Audience9 d& b* C3 ^) {
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 j& Z5 S' V* W. T. h; a9 ]& ? 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 `$ P* S8 c w1 C 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
6 x4 ` T/ O8 p- U: Y/ V+ S: `1 q 10. Newspapers and journals
& }3 L- E! U8 V% l5 k: X, _ 11. Records, radio, and television
9 z) z! c! M; X 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
; Z8 s8 }1 w; c: q5 C9 d# x" j* t' d; f: G$ I/ j% a
Group Representations; Y$ l+ B7 p3 {+ b% r6 g
13. Deputations
5 k4 }5 m% B4 K8 f, C8 p 14. Mock awards
( ?$ y& q- G ]: K" g4 U L 15. Group lobbying
* B: j L) v, N* b0 F- v6 e 16. Picketing% W; j: ^% ?7 W
17. Mock elections/ a1 N5 Y& b' e W$ x2 X
) ^! Y/ G, V+ R: l, T6 a1 \6 oSymbolic Public Acts
, a$ r8 V h7 ~ q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' }% N0 U! @1 s, n% ?) g) Y* g6 |
19. Wearing of symbols
2 {4 i N' t0 y* Z5 K) L& N7 i% `! \ 20. Prayer and worship3 x' `) q) |% S- y4 \. J( s) H7 n" p. x
21. Delivering symbolic objects
' k7 X! }: A" h3 D. h 22. Protest disrobings
! [- R" z4 f, D9 b 23. Destruction of own property
}! a: c, f8 A9 ` 24. Symbolic lights
2 D3 Q' e5 x1 [+ {+ ` 25. Displays of portraits3 L! B; ?3 Y% p: ]
26. Paint as protest
: @& z3 E+ g( X+ [- q) G8 t( B 27. New signs and names
# C( [. u1 Z% R 28. Symbolic sounds
3 E i! B3 \; T& P: d 29. Symbolic reclamations: X9 {# }, J/ d! j7 R# I
30. Rude gestures
) }1 t5 g3 t9 b" v" T& D6 T' {; z# ]2 ^
Pressures on Individuals8 y2 a7 t* ` F6 i! U1 `( h8 c
31. “Haunting” officials1 W9 u. l$ P/ `
32. Taunting officials# `; Z) L, |2 s* ?/ C
33. Fraternization
) f* A+ i) {0 e4 W/ A 34. Vigils
2 M( \0 M5 ^0 V' K
+ F! {- p. |9 c/ J. I9 NDrama and Music: c. B* K) g/ |7 ~9 d8 W5 B
35. Humorous skits and pranks* s/ B! V7 d' H9 s# v
36. Performances of plays and music
0 d7 Y) |& B+ q2 ]8 r# y 37. Singing
! {% K7 m: t- Y+ U2 D6 y- V% d' E9 T
Processions
5 p' s2 x; p7 h6 u+ U( h$ A 38. Marches
, ]. M' t" ~* y7 f) U0 |. y0 ? 39. Parades' U& g5 h& P/ W- Y0 y
40. Religious processions
" x5 f% r2 k6 v9 F0 U# z 41. Pilgrimages
3 q4 Q4 ]% d- m; U6 L, t 42. Motorcades3 Z/ K9 f6 b, o( u3 k6 i& R# U
6 k- s% s; `$ k+ U4 U3 c3 |Honoring the Dead
5 A: e: |% b0 D0 Y" E4 R 43. Political mourning. z0 F1 X9 |+ D+ U$ h
44. Mock funerals/ I2 a0 F @* ?
45. Demonstrative funerals
6 O1 ]% H. p$ T0 Z 46. Homage at burial places3 l& D) z z, a. B$ X
- ?. b, L( Y; t* J7 XPublic Assemblies$ h0 J7 v: \) c6 \ ~' E* J$ `' o* T
47. Assemblies of protest or support, W" S) H9 Q8 D5 M1 Z0 K P
48. Protest meetings
1 t$ b" i! j+ o; J 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# B) l# }+ u; Q( U+ y; Y 50. Teach-ins
7 e# H$ G" b6 V( w; |& K- o! V$ O& k$ P0 ?
Withdrawal and Renunciation
! Z8 h$ t3 m# F2 D 51. Walk-outs; {0 M% ~. i, @- R; H0 P, i8 C' c8 V
52. Silence
+ R5 @# H6 G+ q" \1 P/ B 53. Renouncing honors: ?. ]4 r0 I; l. S/ ~8 C/ P
54. Turning one’s back2 X; _. B/ w3 c( w" H
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% A4 ]: p( J- y% t6 @+ T
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Ostracism of Persons4 R! T9 x$ h4 t0 \8 W5 m0 q& [
55. Social boycott
2 X- f' G6 O) _5 ` 56. Selective social boycott/ T& I" [% e4 [& H
57. Lysistratic nonaction' W. r8 B6 y4 U' e% E
58. Excommunication1 j! Y2 ] s4 M- h6 A
59. Interdict
* O4 j* C) s+ W
3 {$ z0 q1 P& l" {Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ z* }& v$ _# C( P
60. Suspension of social and sports activities4 \5 @1 a+ T1 A" N9 d& }
61. Boycott of social affairs: M9 T( e( ~; A9 r
62. Student strike
3 u% T# o+ _0 |* j9 Q& C 63. Social disobedience
7 M* i# n$ G: c9 c* O0 Q5 x5 Q 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System
5 ?, y }3 ]: t7 ? 65. Stay-at-home
5 u9 O. j, k. G2 I. q1 P& X 66. Total personal noncooperation
* J2 D2 J% z# l1 r7 c- C 67. “Flight” of workers9 l5 W. b: ^+ l3 }; k1 I5 @
68. Sanctuary+ |8 N, {" @" L$ h5 q/ I9 t7 l
69. Collective disappearance
: V% p+ F j( X 70. Protest emigration (hijrat); p) e( i6 s8 c" D. k" w7 Q0 [8 h `
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers9 Q2 {0 J* J/ [4 [3 m+ H
71. Consumers’ boycott
' S3 m& `4 Q$ _% [% u 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 y/ d a; q: \9 O0 B# @8 q2 d1 R1 E 73. Policy of austerity4 y4 z ~/ ~* N8 ~# X0 {
74. Rent withholding
0 d7 ~2 [' y4 ] ?# l 75. Refusal to rent* x" I. J9 M2 ^1 b1 W1 C
76. National consumers’ boycott
1 d5 U- l8 D: c7 S 77. International consumers’ boycott
8 v/ q. ~5 y' i6 t+ f D$ a/ u0 N) l$ F/ r) ~$ E
Action by Workers and Producers* k* ^& u" z. g3 t
78. Workmen’s boycott+ X, {8 w; N2 j" C. V, Y2 b7 m
79. Producers’ boycott
6 J7 J* i) Z9 ?# y; r
, C2 u1 x3 c1 eAction by Middlemen9 p1 H* Q/ m0 o" g5 `) h
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ O% C+ r7 f$ V1 X, r& o0 S
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Action by Owners and Management
- o1 ?8 y, F3 K* Q7 `* o4 c 81. Traders’ boycott0 F, H5 d. E6 k* Y9 q# S I
82. Refusal to let or sell property, B; B3 {) X) m* f
83. Lockout
2 K! q& n& \9 \ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ M( R8 T$ W' P/ [/ N
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ J1 U, k- O# z* j9 H
& V, k% h4 _* }: qAction by Holders of Financial Resources
, I9 D, B& v& b Y; X8 p% E) u5 I 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits2 \% d5 p( @+ Y# t
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# c9 E* E& H, k% f4 N `! t
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- Y# u9 t4 a: z7 j/ J 89. Severance of funds and credit7 D+ g- g3 S$ q2 w) H3 L
90. Revenue refusal
" l+ V; H+ v' \ 91. Refusal of a government’s money5 X. |+ r7 o$ G& G
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Action by Governments
& y* c8 v+ e( l/ |6 ^& D 92. Domestic embargo
/ A* k. S8 l! o8 b' z 93. Blacklisting of traders
6 K. d* B" V6 `9 L( h 94. International sellers’ embargo
4 M4 h. S4 F- b; z \1 P4 i# b 95. International buyers’ embargo& X* P8 i% z1 i. K) I8 G
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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7 }9 v0 D; z/ d0 t4 kSymbolic Strikes: }; {1 Y% e* n/ N( ?( B
97. Protest strike) N# h8 L4 g8 q+ ~5 s. G
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 _6 {$ l. q" F8 g) n
# k7 B# y7 v! |% n2 _
Agricultural Strikes
8 l" O! k" h% D9 j5 B# E. q 99. Peasant strike" o) P. E k; G- q+ |
100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 C) C8 O+ _7 R5 a* a7 e, c9 p
. N# {" R, r9 V, |% qStrikes by Special Groups
7 P( R U5 t. a# H+ Z# G 101. Refusal of impressed labor
! H; J) r, q, |. P0 S ^. r 102. Prisoners’ strike* w9 P( \/ g) Q) d" |
103. Craft strike
E; y7 M! N3 ` 104. Professional strike
7 y* i3 F1 b3 D; U9 S3 o3 Z
3 y5 L1 g) c7 }# w4 j& d: \9 o0 rOrdinary Industrial Strikes
5 O" j/ |, J, D3 U! V# g0 I+ b 105. Establishment strike
+ o) l" s9 _+ Y- U8 c. y 106. Industry strike7 S8 G1 a% Q: U( Z7 J
107. Sympathetic strike& P4 _6 `4 x( k$ A3 d, N
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Restricted Strikes
- x8 p4 C7 u( _% _: K 108. Detailed strike
4 B. T' ]7 a) d( d0 H 109. Bumper strike3 i/ b; q' V6 W$ ]; A
110. Slowdown strike
+ W3 j0 ]# o# E' T; k8 o 111. Working-to-rule strike
) K0 ?) K; L* h# L3 D8 M! c! k, O 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% y& e1 L P+ v$ D, R) Z+ J 113. Strike by resignation
: _) ?' f& f/ X8 j7 B$ z8 ? 114. Limited strike
6 q% `0 y5 o; b! b& G) q* c 115. Selective strike, r' H5 e$ }; B, L; `' y
+ s+ G( w- ^. G0 j+ l
Multi-Industry Strikes) C% k4 e& R" d9 N" \$ M$ j
3 R" @# W1 k1 b
116. Generalized strike6 N: n8 s% R) O0 C, r
5 T6 n8 ?3 I3 `: I: ^) [ 117. General strike2 k$ d9 G( ]- d& z4 r
$ S; z" e; S: U$ p
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 F" Z( T0 y: B S) N8 Y
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118. Hartal: X+ U* H2 c7 h g
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 H" s) |2 L: {, Q( E2 S0 X# X
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Rejection of Authority
" J6 m1 Z( h/ K 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# I: o$ s" V" h3 Y2 f8 j% |
121. Refusal of public support+ t) x; T1 [& k: P+ k
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 Q, I7 t% m* F
4 M k, F0 z) b$ r6 q6 `+ e4 XCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government& q4 S" i6 j. n" x% u9 W1 o8 K
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 z" `, ?1 m& k [3 L) }- p 124. Boycott of elections
8 q1 }9 b: q& M2 A4 m- E$ U 125. Boycott of government employment and positions* s& z' l0 E% u$ {+ |8 |
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. S- I) e5 v/ }4 W
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, Q0 p) e( k, j ?- p8 R
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& p' t8 ^/ S1 W2 J5 M/ n
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- d' k8 u, m1 y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; @& M1 u5 M6 F& F& w) h 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 ?) p) e* p3 k8 ]% \7 k& p3 U 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 _1 n9 C) ^; U- {% |/ R0 D! N- L5 \& D) N y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: W1 t* X2 }- [; H, w
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ x9 ^4 m; d" [ Y8 N 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: _* \9 ~" f9 [9 j2 G' f4 Z 135. Popular nonobedience
0 v! M; s c5 j0 c+ b: M' }9 L 136. Disguised disobedience
+ C# I" @* _& F: d/ I' a% t 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 l0 b2 D& x7 ~$ l. t8 M: Q# Z
138. Sitdown; w @- \) Z7 k9 _
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" E4 S: Y- D. t0 t2 i
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
9 |: s- g& M" p, n8 m: q4 o D. i$ F 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 U4 C; |8 q; z. K9 _! V, f1 ]4 k6 P5 V. Z! w0 D& `1 \
Action by Government Personnel: D* v$ A0 W+ {- l' D ?& a( [
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
& j5 G. ^& h/ M- t W8 p, r% z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information, o1 P# v I8 g! a2 \& Y0 w9 x
144. Stalling and obstruction, w. U. b+ K. s" ~6 \6 }' T
145. General administrative noncooperation9 u! [$ e8 P; ^( S) W5 d
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146. Judicial noncooperation, O3 x* g+ ]' g0 E& e5 j# C
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) M$ @/ N8 c q: H4 @9 \
148. Mutiny. n. k& b8 `! J6 n( w/ j
Domestic Governmental Action8 y* p6 x$ y9 Z2 ~; U& K- M
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays% v3 h- [4 g7 [& ]0 ^4 ^
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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" G/ m$ S# o: Y- u W6 x. a9 z5 EInternational Governmental Action' N3 Q" C7 t$ ]7 M( G; s- a# N4 q% q8 W
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( ?6 Y Y. {: D$ w" Y: S 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
, T# t& P: s0 b8 g& R) s5 L+ l! P 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition9 c- K+ D* T/ p
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 k& z8 O5 q3 E8 D/ k 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 L0 Y- T+ j7 f; n: I5 H 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* M) x( ~' V3 T% Q4 W 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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; A. T" O6 K g$ L; v, |' v6 fTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
" P0 o; {& G9 c! v/ [4 N 158. Self-exposure to the elements
& b4 z5 |7 j+ s0 z 159. The fast
5 i" G5 M7 C! @; K- j a) Fast of moral pressure4 T! I. I; \6 ~
b) Hunger strike
A6 u. P5 q( t6 x c) Satyagrahic fast4 l* s2 a; ^7 T5 `# L4 f6 ~7 Z+ h
160. Reverse trial; J* v# G9 J7 q" O& x
161. Nonviolent harassment
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9 B6 y" W5 P) j$ G& y) M: JPhysical Intervention& @& L7 Q% I; i, B- w1 _
162. Sit-in3 V* d# ^6 |% K' t
163. Stand-in
1 M8 r: U+ @& W8 b 164. Ride-in# \( [2 }7 O2 R- m [& R4 h
165. Wade-in
4 f _' h" ?" d, ~ 166. Mill-in! J6 ~) _1 h( X# C" J: d
167. Pray-in' V5 U' g" C" J7 N# G0 V
168. Nonviolent raids
& N& R( i9 c$ @% y. G. { v 169. Nonviolent air raids# Z" l) m! P; n/ ?+ j
170. Nonviolent invasion
2 x* T5 K, Q2 w/ H3 c+ }9 k 171. Nonviolent interjection8 N( M: m+ R% d8 c# s+ W% h
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, W5 i/ n+ m3 {' H) i' Q T1 M& Q1 k 173. Nonviolent occupation& ?8 [: N( Z! N0 b! h% v9 m+ p
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Social Intervention
9 G) a; u e8 e9 Q1 i" w0 R 174. Establishing new social patterns
' A% u5 c: f: Y1 T 175. Overloading of facilities% Y' N- a4 U1 L/ j) C0 e( u0 p# s8 s8 z
176. Stall-in7 z3 H8 {2 j' P
177. Speak-in2 ?2 y! p2 ]% n0 x% d7 p) q
178. Guerrilla theater
% B7 k" q4 R; U8 M# Z) z 179. Alternative social institutions
8 s& v) ?6 w- r4 j+ U3 l6 A& w* G 180. Alternative communication system
$ ^% |$ e2 p. u
, }2 J0 Z# v: M" y9 j$ P; FEconomic Intervention9 b" d; A3 k' ^. F5 k4 X
181. Reverse strike
# L* s: ]8 a4 r) U% |! b: u3 \* @ 182. Stay-in strike" u8 P( a" G: r. v
183. Nonviolent land seizure
; Y- E) R* Z7 M6 @ 184. Defiance of blockades
& J9 ]2 Y+ S8 j) Q% Z( Z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% ]; [0 O, d" D! z6 Y4 G 186. Preclusive purchasing7 X. P& B; Y9 }- j0 S _1 S
187. Seizure of assets. Z; l& g3 w+ J6 D! A
188. Dumping
; b' ^+ Y0 w/ @ 189. Selective patronage0 S& M' L7 a/ m2 {( G( P
190. Alternative markets
- v9 M6 q* l5 l0 { 191. Alternative transportation systems
! ?( `3 s+ H* T6 h- M% J l+ A 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention" K8 k# r: a& E$ ^
193. Overloading of administrative systems$ k3 Z) _) a5 O: j1 m
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- q0 V2 x6 Q$ [- F6 ?" ^4 K( A4 G
195. Seeking imprisonment
' c! k, k8 H* ?1 B$ r 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% p) m" I ~# S7 v2 [+ y" q/ w 197. Work-on without collaboration
d( r/ L* @6 m! ]. t/ y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
