 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
' A; s, m8 N/ u8 G9 t* I8 QFormal Statements
5 r% {8 k, P: i" F! K0 L. M: x 1. Public Speeches
5 h4 E6 B9 S+ e/ D# E: o 2. Letters of opposition or support
- U" x% E5 C9 L 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
8 S4 {+ K) m& X) w) s' N 4. Signed public statements
* |) M" c0 r! E, J3 t: b; \ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention( B A" }& W$ A$ P5 s
6. Group or mass petitions
) @/ i# H; |: D8 V1 t6 F; `
* f. m! J# b' Z S9 {4 g% lCommunications with a Wider Audience
3 l6 B( E% d% [7 u: z9 t 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
5 W7 y( X; {" ?; W- l 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 l/ x: O( U' P8 T* `* K& A 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books/ s$ `! j0 ~3 a( w, O5 v$ T9 K
10. Newspapers and journals& a/ e4 m' v. d- o: Y
11. Records, radio, and television! ?3 W" L% M. ^$ Y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting' }3 |+ j* }, @ S
9 l" @; h4 m: Y! I
Group Representations
9 K, U# E( u& u1 D 13. Deputations- H% q4 X& j' a) o
14. Mock awards
; U& D. L( g7 j2 @* \8 Y& _ 15. Group lobbying
8 @9 n$ {7 ]' T 16. Picketing
$ O$ A& }, @/ y! U 17. Mock elections+ C6 N( E# U7 _$ E
k* q- A" I( }/ L& q/ e
Symbolic Public Acts$ Z. h- x/ @! u% |5 d
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors* w1 X& v& O. l5 i2 f# B! A
19. Wearing of symbols
# I: v0 w& _: E/ V7 `1 O 20. Prayer and worship% G1 u' D9 N) I0 |
21. Delivering symbolic objects6 H. Z% C4 M- L* L2 O, o' F
22. Protest disrobings1 l, B$ F% H4 D: h. L! d
23. Destruction of own property
. H! [" K8 l0 E; k& @ 24. Symbolic lights3 A( y6 F8 {9 `; O, k
25. Displays of portraits6 ~6 u/ f( L0 K- w
26. Paint as protest& z" Q( F+ x! x, ]9 D2 ]1 ^
27. New signs and names: g* s5 d# {& Z) j
28. Symbolic sounds
. K2 H( j/ e' g7 ` ~" V 29. Symbolic reclamations& c0 }. t- D# O! K
30. Rude gestures4 G7 ?$ j& ~+ U L) Z, ~5 J$ {1 F
+ |$ n+ q8 O) m) S2 F9 u
Pressures on Individuals
, F1 h i& o- K8 _7 N 31. “Haunting” officials [4 U& ?' O" i4 j- ~" i
32. Taunting officials
5 K, Q, X) o" G% U4 [ 33. Fraternization
8 W% m! d7 g- v3 r 34. Vigils
7 a2 h- d1 @. @& E% j
8 \1 t% [. J; y$ HDrama and Music1 U! d. S- f, o! R3 [+ w& R6 r
35. Humorous skits and pranks2 C# B8 j2 c" Q2 V- M# B- t
36. Performances of plays and music
6 a* Z: G* P# S, u 37. Singing
% H) z2 F: ~* ?' e1 V( \
2 X* B1 Q0 i) X& L8 j4 b5 E3 d: c! WProcessions
! B% o$ N3 `( O, ^# |4 d 38. Marches
1 z6 ]9 D. ^& ]1 P 39. Parades! g! a6 L6 ?! | L4 r- k
40. Religious processions- \) _7 ^: Q# a1 P$ r3 _
41. Pilgrimages
3 i& m) d3 M$ Q& g4 N 42. Motorcades# R& }* b/ S6 v {* _% S; m
! y4 M* F9 g. R% Z; KHonoring the Dead/ W- _5 X$ J" L. A3 L
43. Political mourning/ T* I, i2 v& y) R
44. Mock funerals* ~* H2 P) W# ~5 @ v* t
45. Demonstrative funerals$ d# F. a7 @" U, v
46. Homage at burial places% h4 i/ X9 [8 t4 Z4 r" W% N1 T, _
1 w. K% n! [8 ~7 xPublic Assemblies8 ~+ C# F) l/ ?% ]7 b
47. Assemblies of protest or support. F' R6 l) Q8 @) J, {/ {; ^" t- x! O
48. Protest meetings
3 z7 ]( r/ d0 n2 U 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( a2 M p# x, r. ~8 m9 W- O! | l. B+ C 50. Teach-ins( Q3 r4 A- `3 g/ M9 w1 J+ C
( [% `/ l& |" R' vWithdrawal and Renunciation* O5 u9 ?: J, F2 M' |/ R, T
51. Walk-outs
$ v2 i4 {2 Q5 w7 \ 52. Silence
9 s6 y1 S7 M4 x6 F2 K! e 53. Renouncing honors
! o4 x6 \9 G# Y2 _; Y" c R+ c 54. Turning one’s back
4 I+ X: }$ g( }& I8 O! z1 F- t1 `! g2 ^* Z8 S' E
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; s( k: J) `, vTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 s4 ~; r4 _2 ^) f
$ H$ J7 ]: q& S
" H0 u% F8 Q, x( }9 b! b; \; POstracism of Persons; U1 O. F/ A: `; j
55. Social boycott
- S C- d) \ w M) r+ v0 z+ P 56. Selective social boycott4 |3 s$ k" V' F3 ~, O# ^! F
57. Lysistratic nonaction5 G* P5 \7 A5 ~) D8 k
58. Excommunication
3 m, Y2 s9 `3 g. |4 J- D) K+ S 59. Interdict" Z3 Z6 z* m3 B q
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" `; ` f0 B+ t0 f. c; i9 p 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 J+ Q0 y; _3 L1 K6 l n6 i 61. Boycott of social affairs4 F, q- ?- |" h4 f& J1 W5 |
62. Student strike
* L6 P1 \! ~% v* l 63. Social disobedience
7 _- i5 Y; i1 n H/ v1 ? 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System
7 Z3 R; q. k, S" s2 |7 Z 65. Stay-at-home- ~9 [+ C7 ]4 {: C
66. Total personal noncooperation Y% O2 N- C& d# N8 q. m6 r% ?4 |
67. “Flight” of workers2 a2 F9 r2 ?0 R# Q" V+ z/ D
68. Sanctuary: \; d* }1 H E9 q- [) S
69. Collective disappearance
) _: C6 t0 t1 S 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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8 C9 E7 H0 t6 \7 OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
. W7 n+ K% _1 Y/ [( e1 j% w0 y% @% N1 P- e; e
; D, ^2 H& k, KActions by Consumers
* G: ?4 M7 Q" C7 Z 71. Consumers’ boycott! F6 U2 U2 ]8 V+ M: a( r ^
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( j9 g* A) }. O( l$ f* q( z
73. Policy of austerity
2 A" ~ ]% ^- N1 M 74. Rent withholding
% Y; ?. d! m$ ~4 X 75. Refusal to rent# O. i' `0 F7 N. w# g
76. National consumers’ boycott$ @: s$ D$ l' v
77. International consumers’ boycott
$ T! y+ P& ~# q' ^3 W
) N2 K U9 H! h* EAction by Workers and Producers$ s8 M% H6 @) F
78. Workmen’s boycott3 w+ `+ Y1 ~( y; D% F
79. Producers’ boycott
% n `; w3 t) q7 E8 x9 f7 [, X6 X E" G; f$ y9 j& L7 C. p( T+ m+ v
Action by Middlemen
. c" G) \7 f4 b |3 a1 S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: g g' l% a7 m. \: N, _) t# V* z* C: `) Q
Action by Owners and Management- d/ s9 F( a# W
81. Traders’ boycott. Z' r; ^8 O5 L3 U2 @
82. Refusal to let or sell property
4 Z( }, N# q* b; W# _ 83. Lockout4 W: d2 ~( h+ y! r V% v% s1 P
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
# v I9 D [, h0 z+ q S# _ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 V( ^: Y2 d' w1 Q# t
9 f6 U4 X4 M. @Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 b. n i, V- w2 F+ ]* k 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ T9 D0 ~$ k! ^0 r0 c8 c
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ A6 i7 y# E" I+ q& S( F0 O
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- J/ b7 U8 A6 E/ I 89. Severance of funds and credit
2 w8 |0 m4 `& v" v# b( g- S 90. Revenue refusal/ w& L2 ?0 I. b- z: e' ]
91. Refusal of a government’s money, K7 R0 z# Z: z$ b* W5 t& K
. O1 d4 {3 K( _- \Action by Governments
; }% b& g4 p+ b4 f1 S- v 92. Domestic embargo
8 q2 P) v4 A5 N7 N9 q1 ~, f% P 93. Blacklisting of traders
3 m \% F, }, r" t+ x 94. International sellers’ embargo
/ M' b" Q/ ?( Z 95. International buyers’ embargo/ u* y2 K$ j; B# B) u
96. International trade embargo+ b# N* l& T: v6 I8 I, C
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/ E4 R3 q2 s% |! ~; [- ~1 QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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' W7 A3 ~2 n/ M" U6 S% b' i2 @ & m# \! \$ H$ p; V( z) b" F7 j
Symbolic Strikes
\ X& t# k L/ _" _# [ 97. Protest strike
# Z R! `# L# Z( {8 z5 T 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 k4 R. y( P/ `
9 |9 Y0 ^3 r% n/ t& v) R# [! O+ E9 M8 vAgricultural Strikes
2 f) J" J0 B4 ]+ _$ r# p, a( | 99. Peasant strike. D; w. @& _: R& k
100. Farm Workers’ strike, d0 j" s6 o: [) ~
! O% O' b% |: y& o; }" @! S. s, OStrikes by Special Groups
9 y% _! b) b! _6 k* I4 s0 g 101. Refusal of impressed labor' ^0 V6 _9 ]& p! a' d1 i
102. Prisoners’ strike0 @. _0 m! Q V$ ^0 c) K
103. Craft strike
0 t7 c4 P. b0 g8 Z$ c 104. Professional strike/ ^0 I+ B8 o/ Q
/ Z7 g; B; E: g6 W4 ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ W; b/ b4 |/ a* b5 n% m
105. Establishment strike! R8 q- o: m/ X% D$ I
106. Industry strike. n/ O4 S% U: b) N
107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes( ?. W7 \) F: O% }! M
108. Detailed strike
/ X- I# b8 h- g8 g H 109. Bumper strike. @; J p) s: J$ I5 Z1 T
110. Slowdown strike
9 w. ?2 m. a; L1 k 111. Working-to-rule strike L5 \- P% q. t! ~# k4 k k. i! O
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& ^' { x6 x4 O z 113. Strike by resignation7 \3 i) K8 h9 \# `/ y
114. Limited strike4 I) o! |3 U3 U! S0 O3 T
115. Selective strike
) r* x5 t( n1 `: i' n4 x
% V( r, }. B7 y iMulti-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike! p8 X3 h' W0 O% g* Q" g9 W6 N
! T. b4 P2 k! H 117. General strike
4 x3 q- y9 h1 _* q" [: a: q- ?$ T1 G. Z& E6 S+ E
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- `- s% [7 j1 K$ K! m3 r; e$ N6 Z: J, J
118. Hartal9 P. O9 o: `# q3 {' L
# p) w- u9 h3 N( c* r, F% C3 W/ h 119. Economic shutdown# w" i- m _, P. y
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" M3 l- N% h4 Z9 B/ }% qTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 O' L( C9 u/ ARejection of Authority8 Q$ |' J% W& Q+ e
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; b5 E* S% T/ ]
121. Refusal of public support
0 G9 ^% X/ v* \* T' V0 d$ u 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
M5 w' N: N, {7 ]1 [9 q- j
, A/ m9 M! `- o# eCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 E c; Z+ m+ _* t
123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 h9 ?: f- f0 Y
124. Boycott of elections
@, C1 Q+ D% B( g4 ` 125. Boycott of government employment and positions A' s: q. w) d: i2 ^* B- c
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" I8 j) @$ J' `' ] m
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 }: _7 z w' y3 M! C 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 u7 w0 [9 \* C( y/ w A. ? 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ I1 k1 q9 r; A6 e! b K
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: c6 R/ w$ k, e# _) l
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 d5 I+ v+ T8 E. ?* d" S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; c! `; ]6 m q% M, ?1 A
% _# k0 X: @# V" OCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, {/ L: z0 P7 d: d, r 133. Reluctant and slow compliance. }+ u, G: ~! X3 z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% h1 I) ^& M! B; }% s
135. Popular nonobedience
w( _1 t' I5 I7 z+ f+ Z: O 136. Disguised disobedience, ~2 A4 D+ u+ O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ A) a9 r' {4 C/ M: m z+ C
138. Sitdown
: p7 W0 p0 Y s* I( ^5 T) _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 C) i; R; k; H' d
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 @# {+ Z9 S$ r" ?/ E 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 t8 f9 Q. ]) ]
2 K/ l& @2 Z M0 Y* s5 z. Y# F PAction by Government Personnel1 w( N4 G; |3 r* S! z$ m7 |1 {
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: h5 r3 V7 t; i. X
143. Blocking of lines of command and information' S0 N: b! R8 e `# q9 `( e
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 J; I) B3 f) @: W; V4 o4 B 145. General administrative noncooperation
& S I. c9 @3 E( e" C( g7 a. Q+ f$ C% J# Z2 W/ m3 z
146. Judicial noncooperation
8 }. u" X1 Y5 X4 G3 c' @+ F* d! H 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents. ?2 L2 I7 x; o0 X& W% c6 ?- T
148. Mutiny& u% |) Y, K* j0 O3 n: ]2 {
Domestic Governmental Action
+ _8 p9 p9 ^9 k& } 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* M( z1 { C8 W
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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/ M) P' |; Y" A0 O& j4 g& oInternational Governmental Action; _- @6 X& O+ b; C" _5 i
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 V1 u$ y$ K D3 n) ?$ U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: x/ X2 t6 n9 [
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ W2 s* g0 v' ]2 h, D4 i* ^$ q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations! s1 U; a, P. R3 L: p' ?
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: l6 x2 `" U+ p& }9 t- f/ ^' @ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' H& n) [ K# r9 n, l( o, \. O, S
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
0 \6 X3 W5 ?/ M9 } 158. Self-exposure to the elements
: _( \+ Q6 H/ B. D/ h& o 159. The fast
; @6 H( W9 s' d# v: c a) Fast of moral pressure
- J; u7 k; j2 p. S" c [% _0 m b) Hunger strike
' B, h0 U9 T$ o" H c) Satyagrahic fast: U; w) g+ d% Q1 t2 h/ u* M
160. Reverse trial
0 R) m4 k9 j$ A8 c4 w 161. Nonviolent harassment
4 A0 ~" E" S/ B+ H% d2 i+ F
& z' ^+ o) ^1 r7 X* I& ZPhysical Intervention- h: F3 h! I7 [ |
162. Sit-in& k; S$ l5 k4 U: r1 [3 j
163. Stand-in3 H$ j$ p" T+ Y
164. Ride-in
* J) Q9 ^2 V7 y2 j& m9 A; {! q 165. Wade-in* Y' S i. a# U( \* t$ D" A
166. Mill-in
6 L9 ]7 q3 `, w# X) j 167. Pray-in
; Y4 X$ P2 Y; O7 ^ 168. Nonviolent raids9 o: h4 w p* ^& ~7 ~1 F* j
169. Nonviolent air raids) o- {+ K% P( r
170. Nonviolent invasion
4 n' ^2 W4 M& t3 g) C7 X 171. Nonviolent interjection
' R# p( K4 @: @1 c/ `) S" D* V Z+ E9 W 172. Nonviolent obstruction- _; l3 Y2 ~3 L' W
173. Nonviolent occupation8 F9 H/ ?! o. q z9 R
) h2 c3 L" Z6 d0 R' I% TSocial Intervention4 ?7 D/ F3 L0 ~/ a8 ~, O% {# I, t
174. Establishing new social patterns
8 S* n, v |, k' y" u6 r9 v 175. Overloading of facilities
4 M, t( ^) v7 ]! Y 176. Stall-in
4 j: \# y, _/ a$ }% V5 W 177. Speak-in
& ~' W0 p% b4 T$ j: r) u 178. Guerrilla theater
/ F5 T( N$ B; Z# W$ J 179. Alternative social institutions
6 O/ P& Y$ A8 U% R: L 180. Alternative communication system$ E% U& u3 @8 q! V1 z+ T
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Economic Intervention3 O( }$ g3 Z3 |* m% B9 ~& ]: G5 ]
181. Reverse strike
K5 @; a+ i$ Q) y 182. Stay-in strike' H6 I z: _3 X" `
183. Nonviolent land seizure* \+ N% B* X. U7 y, h, k
184. Defiance of blockades$ n+ e! K/ d0 w2 j: Y4 h
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" D; z2 o* H& ?: ]
186. Preclusive purchasing
, y# a9 ?0 ?5 q7 X5 B 187. Seizure of assets
6 B/ M: k- B( ?6 m1 \0 Y9 t 188. Dumping( j5 z/ ]4 I4 ] _
189. Selective patronage
( u7 ]% B) ?1 D# l# N7 `- H/ g. Y 190. Alternative markets7 v5 u7 L. D- |- U8 e- ~5 g- Z6 [
191. Alternative transportation systems
) S$ }9 u0 e3 X 192. Alternative economic institutions! I& |" n. o4 g' ]
4 j: ]7 ?& T' T/ ~
Political Intervention
, e2 a: j0 |1 H* n3 ?- I* x7 _, T8 f 193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 w& M. m' ^: ]% B- G 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 d9 L) V6 @. W4 z1 U1 p4 i 195. Seeking imprisonment( u* s$ K' n9 f3 b
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- `% x4 c7 o3 H% a' W+ e 197. Work-on without collaboration
0 E5 H, d! o% n3 P3 r% r; _' F; _ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
