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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; N3 `9 H0 j+ H W
Formal Statements
8 A" ^- p( A2 @( u# k: c 1. Public Speeches& B3 T5 y/ N" S
2. Letters of opposition or support4 c" @8 ` q" w4 n0 }2 d
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 O+ `$ D2 G6 A5 _. `& i
4. Signed public statements4 D) m* F$ q! T b$ B& x- M0 S% j
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& ?. k* z4 B$ K: C 6. Group or mass petitions& Z& F) C1 R0 c1 ]# B6 @ Y) G9 X
* t- l# a9 P7 |1 i5 B) pCommunications with a Wider Audience
5 F- G! I6 l- A0 o8 B j1 m 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 v+ D/ r7 i! P8 R; {) p% K
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ {; a a7 s% m8 x 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
h9 ~( `) S0 g1 v% d 10. Newspapers and journals- Y+ X1 Q/ K6 X! E) U2 |" B
11. Records, radio, and television! Z+ ?: b% K: J! j. r
12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 M. [6 B W) i/ g0 p
" w5 `, R) n' sGroup Representations1 u6 K0 _* w, B$ D2 D. [
13. Deputations/ {. b2 d" @ O3 y+ V6 \
14. Mock awards
8 O' w0 K- R6 A+ f/ W8 U7 z 15. Group lobbying/ W q* c/ W+ |4 w' ^
16. Picketing [, Y: A" S6 d4 C5 F+ [
17. Mock elections
- v9 q% B, ^& {2 m
q5 m) {/ r& t- l; u# u' gSymbolic Public Acts
& i* ]; [# l, z8 o6 L! t 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ y2 k" O* T% e& P& q: e# Q; r 19. Wearing of symbols
, K ~) x: c* q5 v 20. Prayer and worship
/ v) H5 u4 s6 Y; D7 w 21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 W7 @- H6 L6 ]0 u$ C3 t 22. Protest disrobings K/ E0 I4 C$ r! R; \$ W
23. Destruction of own property$ _, Z) o8 f7 t% F; |
24. Symbolic lights8 \$ h3 S D$ l- Z/ D
25. Displays of portraits- H3 x5 h9 ]1 S9 ?0 y, Q9 D
26. Paint as protest L! o; d; T' N4 Z* t1 d( E
27. New signs and names
& I' [6 t& T5 \( b3 H: X0 c) K- Z 28. Symbolic sounds; r7 S; e% J6 G4 I1 `+ `5 a
29. Symbolic reclamations8 [- i( X. Q5 R Q5 c& u* z% X2 N
30. Rude gestures
( Y3 u7 ~; T8 j6 ~/ C
+ O; s# R. t. V* jPressures on Individuals
$ x/ r. U: A& h j% J 31. “Haunting” officials
8 i3 Q, Q: C( |& U$ v3 E 32. Taunting officials1 @* J+ g/ T: z1 A# t
33. Fraternization! s G/ r# R; I& s; }3 P$ o
34. Vigils3 G+ J/ z# J0 j- ?* T) D. ]
1 P; z" [& D u# l% L, D" o$ t
Drama and Music! j9 S) u& {: k! G0 O8 l
35. Humorous skits and pranks
. O! O* T% \+ C6 F. n% n 36. Performances of plays and music) z. ^# A. |+ x2 L1 n* P
37. Singing5 f/ L" y1 d4 R# a+ I( w7 ]- P
/ |( k" S- `1 mProcessions. X8 f, y9 \' ?" m
38. Marches$ \+ c2 @. C* u) T9 A8 Y) k
39. Parades
- C k8 b1 g* {% n 40. Religious processions2 p+ H' O- v* _; y2 m
41. Pilgrimages
, w3 b3 o* Z/ u, O- u% o8 A" ~ 42. Motorcades
- s' \" F3 D a4 D0 r7 U+ p: Y, X2 L: E$ Y, o, B
Honoring the Dead
& U& p4 r+ M$ I 43. Political mourning
2 s2 a8 [5 K) |# u6 ?3 |7 z. \ 44. Mock funerals$ Z% ^, c6 |3 b0 \! \6 }
45. Demonstrative funerals- S; `. @0 \3 i2 {- r2 M- Z
46. Homage at burial places m7 ^: {. }2 v( K: d) h+ \: b
9 x" C) B3 d+ K
Public Assemblies
$ d9 c3 _7 |' ?- A# m7 x 47. Assemblies of protest or support
% t2 n' ~% z4 P& m" r 48. Protest meetings
! N" G; }! [, H1 O" C6 S; k: w 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 f; O f1 E o" O3 v 50. Teach-ins
. L- k0 Q6 |3 q8 e7 e+ ~5 W
: |- O1 a n) v0 k0 nWithdrawal and Renunciation* Z6 F9 h! M& H$ L# [" s
51. Walk-outs0 @7 |5 ?( D- V* s+ Q( |4 g8 o
52. Silence2 M. R4 f" |* @: ~' s% g3 l
53. Renouncing honors
6 U; K+ C- [. S/ j, E8 J 54. Turning one’s back9 j5 T4 a/ ], m$ M
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0 Q# s' o" n5 ]0 x- ATHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& u i8 I$ y* r4 H6 m
9 L6 I6 r0 Y1 M, S
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Ostracism of Persons
: C9 | z+ X7 L- t 55. Social boycott
* \. P* y% l( v! j r. w 56. Selective social boycott. D* h5 `6 m* R, t+ y l v! p
57. Lysistratic nonaction
- j' W" A, n6 k" ?( ^& T8 n. F+ J# i 58. Excommunication) z* P/ D- O0 A
59. Interdict
0 N7 I; b- n1 F4 Z
4 p0 C1 Y0 p* t6 ~. p- ~Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% k4 r" z' \8 d5 K
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; Y3 T I* B$ J" \. r. a+ C 61. Boycott of social affairs; o. c$ V' R. c2 o+ K
62. Student strike& Q0 e [2 n2 b& G1 q1 E
63. Social disobedience& `' e- k' ~2 A" J
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* C' w" P$ @- P2 C
# T" s1 x6 k+ P$ IWithdrawal from the Social System" O$ ]0 g& _ E# z2 b; P
65. Stay-at-home4 z1 Y$ L( b. X# u- }$ B
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 U j4 y( W5 e! O/ A 67. “Flight” of workers9 M* i7 b7 o9 `% D- E1 T/ g
68. Sanctuary
6 c, n- D+ k# y4 k$ W 69. Collective disappearance3 E; e6 F) t/ g5 X
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 y& w6 }) Z: o1 L: y3 O7 c
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS J! Z* E6 L& @$ y% S& b* o( r( n
Q& q$ L# k5 ]5 m4 m N - Z/ r( O3 a$ Y, J2 t
Actions by Consumers
b; [- B1 I$ G4 `7 w' @0 u 71. Consumers’ boycott/ S0 @: u8 F' l. v0 t) _
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ x, y0 N, b- n4 b$ V
73. Policy of austerity
2 c4 C4 x# P. ~. [1 h 74. Rent withholding
" J P( z& A$ k) R3 }( V 75. Refusal to rent
9 S/ u7 s$ Q4 V! R7 t0 L9 L 76. National consumers’ boycott' S9 e+ u1 Y! D' f8 f
77. International consumers’ boycott1 A5 s; \3 [9 e
/ K: m3 [# B) }- {1 W
Action by Workers and Producers
$ c) T! ]& O' N# `6 u U 78. Workmen’s boycott, u3 O4 u% U" c' t5 W
79. Producers’ boycott# Q8 E. x' {9 ? W" o3 @
N! i; v0 K& _) C. w/ p
Action by Middlemen
! d9 ~4 S5 v+ R& k9 q 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ y6 [" x$ a! u3 m$ t* M
0 r& n7 u. o- b" RAction by Owners and Management
6 X2 `+ H9 a. y {4 l( C j( H# { 81. Traders’ boycott7 ?& e3 q4 l$ M; i% f: c
82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 H# F: B; ?9 f% c6 Y 83. Lockout
6 T* Z+ G1 @* ]. m t' K 84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 D2 Z+ f# O4 S5 Z( ~2 F
85. Merchants’ “general strike”" L& K5 R6 L- h/ {/ M% O W* v2 J
5 t$ U, y/ @( l
Action by Holders of Financial Resources. F3 t: E6 w: ?$ Y; B7 a2 W
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
- t7 f- R1 W, t! w% M2 S% a7 [ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 \- D( Q8 ~$ Z 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& B/ e: Y" W7 l3 m
89. Severance of funds and credit$ N, H5 m% ?1 T
90. Revenue refusal2 W; G$ y8 M& u( y, g! V
91. Refusal of a government’s money& `+ {& r6 ]! @% q
% r, Q) n; Z7 J$ K8 QAction by Governments u$ P N( s& O& o1 J; t+ V
92. Domestic embargo
, k) s; {! o* H* E/ j; L 93. Blacklisting of traders
) ~# F7 ?: Y- W w, L& W P 94. International sellers’ embargo
. H3 I: e6 E D/ ^/ j: S. H 95. International buyers’ embargo
8 H( N! q0 ^2 `* v7 { 96. International trade embargo4 {! y! U g! J- g, c/ ?# N7 g
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
2 a3 j% M ~. @ x7 ]) j 97. Protest strike& K: |" N! X7 E' R8 h: {
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)' @/ S5 S+ c) X, S/ T9 |4 S g
2 g/ q; `) g; J) F+ h* Z
Agricultural Strikes
8 X7 `; f: n" o! g- L+ s 99. Peasant strike2 a6 l/ A" S: C1 J! }
100. Farm Workers’ strike
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Strikes by Special Groups" d( R# F6 F: i% ?/ G+ r/ @
101. Refusal of impressed labor# R4 ]% p& g0 D3 r) S6 ?" N
102. Prisoners’ strike
1 S2 {, G6 w) y 103. Craft strike
# R O7 Q) y' j 104. Professional strike j1 |5 h+ C$ o
9 B* V5 B5 w, e- q* jOrdinary Industrial Strikes
2 v& m) u d2 L5 o 105. Establishment strike
8 r9 |+ D& {3 x% G; y$ g! y 106. Industry strike
; Q' C5 `' b1 j. h: G3 e 107. Sympathetic strike, \& K4 U* i$ \
4 ~( H/ K$ }8 @. y; \
Restricted Strikes
4 r6 B, _+ ]1 [( q* L$ h) C; c 108. Detailed strike
$ q. F8 u6 L# x8 h 109. Bumper strike
2 g1 d7 F2 J+ N: g9 a( O2 K 110. Slowdown strike
; C. U9 h/ H: b$ }" Z( V% J 111. Working-to-rule strike* A& e! b- D0 O
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 ] I' Z0 j) R. p, h
113. Strike by resignation
7 @( U3 e: {( J 114. Limited strike+ J4 p* a$ t) Q+ t1 a
115. Selective strike
8 e: T9 ~; ]* p
0 P3 R& G* {3 |' wMulti-Industry Strikes; R2 Z, M( [9 @: y
3 g5 A# g. Q( ]! v5 [
116. Generalized strike; B* w- ?/ [8 {
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117. General strike1 W* `0 P$ J# b
' x, `/ [( v: V- b: _5 [
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures1 R/ v+ ?0 L+ y8 l' O: r: n
" b6 d v0 r* @6 ] W
118. Hartal
0 A* z7 Q2 s8 @' ]$ K f( b6 L2 K7 [5 P1 {: `+ {5 l
119. Economic shutdown1 B. X/ Z$ R8 Q, B6 R
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1 o$ N! i3 q; e& b; u( j1 L* l: PTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. T6 b, u# x0 j
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Rejection of Authority
1 ?5 W" p( o+ G3 s) D( r% o! x" E5 b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& S3 L% x+ l, v ]& ^
121. Refusal of public support, b$ M) |0 M$ x
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% Q2 \, [) Z3 a0 }
1 P Q& Z: {$ f1 h( wCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 @- l! l6 t) P
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
, V# g0 j8 ?( }$ H0 X 124. Boycott of elections
* l* l, N( j- a- z1 G 125. Boycott of government employment and positions" d; j7 e) f, Q4 C7 M( F" o
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! D8 z% F/ j- n
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ d% _4 A+ J0 P9 K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 \. i+ d" e( o' T) @ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
8 p+ V* E3 Y9 p: D8 ~ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( [7 h n& e: P5 {# Q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 F- b0 V7 v( D1 H! G( `
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: y9 Z. q0 J$ S' F% p
! r7 |4 h F8 V
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 L( C/ ?- T3 ^8 O" V& | 133. Reluctant and slow compliance e+ v* i: D/ {6 a/ c; h/ g! k, v
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
0 B$ O6 G" t( \4 g0 H, b: l 135. Popular nonobedience0 P2 y: n' E7 k
136. Disguised disobedience; ]8 a/ V& v, s+ f% i! j9 }
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 _9 n7 L+ E5 B: b 138. Sitdown, g. v( E0 V# Y
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; ~2 V- V3 D: r3 A, B) T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- z+ X7 B- h3 f- P0 ?- Y& W5 H# Q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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# h a: p$ b& k" xAction by Government Personnel- d; f" z7 h, z" c I. g
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* h m# S+ r F
143. Blocking of lines of command and information. p+ s2 C' n/ L
144. Stalling and obstruction6 f. J$ j9 \- a! I
145. General administrative noncooperation+ x" \$ @' k b$ c
6 `# P7 \ }/ M, W8 d& s
146. Judicial noncooperation
% @+ q Q5 O+ a 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; f$ ^. Y0 U; B 148. Mutiny( M4 L8 ~7 B8 B& w* g
Domestic Governmental Action
4 [1 y3 `1 T+ r T8 V 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ j& [+ _. H. _( U; {( @ ^
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; M, T2 k5 S. I x& g
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International Governmental Action
" P4 m4 L/ U& A: _! {3 A( m 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
N* ?* |1 O' Z5 U* X 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 I; u/ f6 D, P. ]9 ~: T
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 a" ^' U; o& f5 R9 a4 ?
154. Severance of diplomatic relations# ~# p1 c7 h* T f# J2 i5 S
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 h5 Q# O5 F$ l8 d 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! I% I: f1 L* D& ]) x, R 157. Expulsion from international organizations5 U ?0 G& e* N: R4 |
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! D6 o; |0 Q! V" T; G
K; w: ^9 @0 e
. C |: i* n' h3 ?Psychological Intervention
; t! N9 E' |$ e+ K 158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ u% B' y% d/ s. O4 v" h! J 159. The fast9 r4 E5 e6 }& o1 R% R4 n9 K. M4 I
a) Fast of moral pressure ^5 U$ j8 V/ `: ^
b) Hunger strike( M9 Q6 d8 ^4 z& I" c
c) Satyagrahic fast& r8 S2 l! s7 I9 p1 [+ M
160. Reverse trial
5 j# a' \% R1 `- M 161. Nonviolent harassment+ ~( Z* N( H8 ^$ ?5 l
( O0 \) o0 ^: B9 g' O* UPhysical Intervention+ `1 m ]3 }( ^7 G/ T2 p
162. Sit-in# I; F- K9 F1 B' p( C- m. T
163. Stand-in5 i0 _. ^ D& b4 T& F* ]+ k5 |' Z
164. Ride-in
- c6 d. Q& X9 g) Z. D" N0 L 165. Wade-in' p5 u; P6 C4 {; S" M
166. Mill-in
7 ^6 @# j( X8 M& v4 Z0 [ 167. Pray-in) @0 ]: [1 O w
168. Nonviolent raids
, [4 M1 U8 j, c' x5 k N/ ?5 E 169. Nonviolent air raids" m3 O' o: _ Y
170. Nonviolent invasion# n$ ^, C" V1 u# {4 N! `( w5 n
171. Nonviolent interjection& [) c/ s+ j# z+ Z
172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 X; ]+ g L5 {/ p3 _! W& C0 s) @/ r 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
: j. p" R( G2 U# j+ X 174. Establishing new social patterns- H/ q- [3 W4 b- V6 q6 m8 f0 G
175. Overloading of facilities ]' }+ f# ?6 C6 z/ B9 b/ v
176. Stall-in
/ E4 F. }! Z G+ Y/ ^ 177. Speak-in# Y* c, W& | O. b/ p
178. Guerrilla theater, m1 [9 h" S- ]1 R" X2 E
179. Alternative social institutions' e0 t; {0 P: W( B. O9 D" ?4 y: m
180. Alternative communication system
9 R6 S2 K6 A, _' R, p! V
: ~8 D% c1 }- Y e5 {' @& WEconomic Intervention
/ p: n3 {8 @7 E1 c& ]+ W4 L 181. Reverse strike( |# d9 p7 d1 D
182. Stay-in strike. j9 `% B/ a. D% u. ^
183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 g6 P# s* c0 z9 i/ Y A# g# z 184. Defiance of blockades
6 D* g$ s( {1 s- n2 J 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- {( }' `3 {" u8 p/ Z( t3 V/ c 186. Preclusive purchasing% D9 N$ T7 W" a, F7 J. ]9 q
187. Seizure of assets
" I8 N& ^- x" u) G) T& } 188. Dumping
: ~) r4 \7 Y, |- {3 y1 M' K. a# E 189. Selective patronage" o: v& b# L! X O$ Z
190. Alternative markets5 K3 @+ w2 ^0 s, x1 f$ d
191. Alternative transportation systems5 {- P9 v4 r( r6 [- p9 a& F
192. Alternative economic institutions
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+ W# Z, g$ g5 N5 `1 O0 s. nPolitical Intervention2 D5 ?: n% Z7 @7 V3 t) H% W7 }8 J
193. Overloading of administrative systems
' a, r$ J! ~. b, U; v5 l0 g" h2 V 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 O' W0 f2 T8 H9 c( m$ h 195. Seeking imprisonment
# X' P$ G) u9 v 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 j: k% _9 Q" I* z+ q& Z! v& q1 y4 ?
197. Work-on without collaboration
3 i: @6 i* A& X 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ d6 U0 E+ O7 Z& g1 M8 l$ x
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
