 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ H% h9 a6 ?6 ]5 t M8 b- N
Formal Statements; G" j7 {3 ] @, Q* z" }
1. Public Speeches6 s( L1 g8 n/ B' `
2. Letters of opposition or support
4 B+ l3 l8 e |# S. I; f 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 [5 x. T1 K4 S# N
4. Signed public statements) W- j/ Q: @' v
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
O# l: z, ~1 E$ Q4 G 6. Group or mass petitions. n, u+ @- `8 z& G0 d" J( h
) J! r6 q2 q8 v, R; C4 N# \Communications with a Wider Audience2 `7 |3 g" U$ ^1 x* ~( X
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
5 _4 P! H+ Z$ C# m: A9 v 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 n. N: g; S; S0 V2 x3 l# A 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' W5 g, y+ R; S9 t C 10. Newspapers and journals
" I; ~1 [/ [, u4 l9 X L; i$ C 11. Records, radio, and television# j1 U z ]" h9 O2 U0 \% q- v
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' J. j' L: C2 n+ A1 J' \8 f* o, m
3 }0 S: T) t: w; h3 }( ?3 qGroup Representations
0 ~- I Z" O! `7 U 13. Deputations
6 s( ?9 }7 e& p8 a& V6 a 14. Mock awards
. b. c& J+ ~% @. W. S( ` 15. Group lobbying
- U7 W2 ?, j3 h+ H( l3 p- Q 16. Picketing0 \9 q8 a( c/ n2 u6 C! s
17. Mock elections
& ~9 w) L# P a4 h) ^/ }
1 A4 P% W& a- F G2 `: i, N( E4 b4 SSymbolic Public Acts1 Y2 m; [, c h, y* X# r) ]; |
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ d5 c p+ j) X/ F# U3 f! |
19. Wearing of symbols9 b S+ j7 ]+ X0 t9 _- C7 W
20. Prayer and worship
" i+ z, `4 j% @: ^ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 b$ y9 ^; m# p: z 22. Protest disrobings
/ B) e, g+ v8 X2 f( Q K2 R5 H 23. Destruction of own property
) b N+ H- M& y: O" {( R 24. Symbolic lights
% q5 \6 M( D% J% y 25. Displays of portraits3 ]( d2 D" V- a0 |) P
26. Paint as protest
; g8 j6 e- E+ Z2 n5 o 27. New signs and names; X+ \. ^! A+ m
28. Symbolic sounds
" `! L! Z7 o& _7 u 29. Symbolic reclamations
6 ^ G" F( U t 30. Rude gestures
! K' O3 S" E) D4 c3 A6 f8 P7 }8 L1 r+ D) j& z+ c
Pressures on Individuals
* m' T" E$ v i( @0 A7 |" y3 H 31. “Haunting” officials, r/ Q+ i9 Y O6 Y3 \; q: ]% p
32. Taunting officials
8 S* I( }" d* |8 s 33. Fraternization$ Q% P5 z E- F6 N9 l( _9 c1 f5 m
34. Vigils! p. {% u. C& |7 H8 {0 _
& n/ ]5 D7 ?4 a" ^" K0 x! K
Drama and Music
3 B* R* V3 k$ \' M 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 \5 ~/ `7 t- T. x' N3 `' S1 C3 K 36. Performances of plays and music
( K2 Y I, ?$ A 37. Singing
/ w/ C4 | [# X2 P
3 T3 \. g$ p2 z* y1 [' q. uProcessions: |' z, s% w9 k# X) O
38. Marches
, B! c3 L" P3 t 39. Parades \$ `; a; H# i$ \5 E' H
40. Religious processions
+ E( Z9 ?. A& n8 ^: l, G7 C9 h 41. Pilgrimages
/ k9 [+ L: v9 M 42. Motorcades- w( f4 s6 t0 P8 t- C+ S( g' I" v
8 |8 y* a- L3 XHonoring the Dead
* @* s9 x9 X4 k: J: x 43. Political mourning$ f! A. q$ U- E' ~
44. Mock funerals
1 I. q: C9 C; Z& o# c( L 45. Demonstrative funerals
# Z2 ~. z5 m( D+ v Z 46. Homage at burial places4 j+ _: e1 j7 o# v
% n$ A4 g) z2 JPublic Assemblies
( x% p( s4 i% D) ~* r$ n 47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 x% U8 @% N5 Z0 s. M' m 48. Protest meetings5 f9 p9 R' }& w2 l
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 p7 r+ `- |. E 50. Teach-ins
6 U. V9 ]! u) e% r2 N
6 T0 p @: ~" Q8 b0 y( sWithdrawal and Renunciation/ i2 `* l/ `5 f- @3 Z" W% I
51. Walk-outs# b" a, J5 R3 x k
52. Silence% T" T* G1 z- j9 C6 s+ K
53. Renouncing honors6 |& p. _4 L; `* F4 p1 _2 Q
54. Turning one’s back
7 Q; ^' ]2 e7 G* `: ]- c- [! z* i& A: r7 Y/ B+ y
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2 N3 T8 ~, w* R6 M! bTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 @/ \: k3 r1 a, O: u& u! ~
T# ^- A2 Z3 @8 q6 O) l
/ J- G9 J [1 p, u
% ?& K0 \5 S m5 l0 K; T6 A4 rOstracism of Persons
9 B& d, x. p4 g 55. Social boycott$ }1 ?: F9 i3 u! G$ u* i$ c; a
56. Selective social boycott: o0 n1 U2 z8 R
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 I3 m1 h8 x4 y; _1 | 58. Excommunication3 r- E7 n3 t: a
59. Interdict
4 }$ [8 V! T4 z
5 R2 q7 \: k" Q8 QNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. k2 l' K! |; O i8 m0 M' ?/ a/ m
60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 \6 Y" j/ I0 {
61. Boycott of social affairs) D) j6 Z9 G# X- f
62. Student strike! ]9 K8 T4 H- J' N4 a& {. N
63. Social disobedience2 t d6 }' i" s+ H* ]
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! f& p0 n( {( O( Z: t4 L+ p$ T, F1 x) n* Y
Withdrawal from the Social System
9 m! `+ E, x5 Z8 l6 m- f 65. Stay-at-home
9 a+ a& R$ b- `: ~2 o 66. Total personal noncooperation( d8 d; Q. J' l) F% L" Z1 ^/ N
67. “Flight” of workers6 A$ k9 y; w7 N0 n6 A7 Y
68. Sanctuary
, V& q* E( l9 E& Q% C- b$ r- R 69. Collective disappearance" L; p9 `/ r! H- R, K+ ^/ n
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& E+ i9 f- g( _7 v4 G8 `. s0 i; ?5 s) U9 w8 I& o5 C0 V
1 ^9 u% ]. r; L' L3 _
" p8 s% o9 _3 W% Y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ [, T3 d j! g% Y6 z9 N- t. p: _
% t+ x% U2 {# }. j% l R/ @% X
9 Z/ Q: Y# H$ T" d% E, N! Q
Actions by Consumers
! Q. V. X9 k6 Q( N* g 71. Consumers’ boycott
. P$ q8 Y% d" I# V. _ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: j% K( N& s/ T( G( ~& Z {
73. Policy of austerity' A2 B8 }+ g2 b
74. Rent withholding
# P8 X7 b5 `' ^! v' F! r 75. Refusal to rent" G* I- I) t4 C; t, G
76. National consumers’ boycott
/ S. ~7 ^6 s5 c$ u9 c7 F8 j 77. International consumers’ boycott
, [2 b3 F2 T) I( x8 Y/ n; R
+ c; Z; M$ z6 h; ~0 lAction by Workers and Producers! o0 v. q( }4 X0 h! q9 N
78. Workmen’s boycott# \6 l+ g: Q& j2 l% P7 G
79. Producers’ boycott. R* d% _8 J3 ?0 B5 }. x* C
- H4 W1 v5 G# h6 JAction by Middlemen6 V, s! R5 G+ |4 a3 F
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott O* A7 n' P% K: r/ P4 w
' E7 i1 h6 s# r& t$ a8 J9 c- k
Action by Owners and Management
( S9 \0 @3 n1 U2 g# C 81. Traders’ boycott
* M5 J$ x6 K9 H) g 82. Refusal to let or sell property
3 c+ p: D" N+ [+ ?# j( l 83. Lockout
: S5 N6 Q( R# j0 ^6 l. L# @5 l3 L 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; c; @% v6 e: s$ \ f& O
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
% ?6 j8 s! I, W+ L0 I" I
# L8 r# C) \7 B& B% UAction by Holders of Financial Resources+ [1 F/ ?! u0 s! j, k
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) m/ s8 ^% ]( ?! K8 D 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 k" ?1 I$ }, A+ W1 v 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest$ B2 u3 q, E; f% o
89. Severance of funds and credit
$ i" I0 B2 n/ ?% _% X' p! v- V 90. Revenue refusal
& ^2 j. O" E$ \- P6 U 91. Refusal of a government’s money2 i2 U+ h6 A# I$ w/ E
9 ?' h# ?) Q* P" AAction by Governments
% w; N( z$ z) y4 f3 V3 z" T 92. Domestic embargo2 z- j2 V9 a- H; T" ]
93. Blacklisting of traders3 ]' ?3 V* B$ s
94. International sellers’ embargo
/ J& r9 \/ k5 x: [ b 95. International buyers’ embargo9 r' p7 p1 j0 B; Y- t# c7 f9 x4 h
96. International trade embargo
2 B, [' n' Y9 _2 `9 R6 _0 `8 Z( V9 N% e/ e! r+ N3 J H& k: [0 d: b
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' g9 s2 f" N+ M: J- n9 W l
4 m" M" j& ]* N1 q. W , ?! i; u5 t. x6 _ B3 M* D
Symbolic Strikes
D3 B7 Z" S4 R, c) t* | 97. Protest strike
. T- I* A; d, Y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, A3 H: Z5 |( j) \- }9 u. c) ~1 D
* ~4 Q/ k1 S ZAgricultural Strikes
2 h, J/ ^: b% Y/ x( k3 C 99. Peasant strike
1 F. k: Z/ ^! Q+ `1 f2 S 100. Farm Workers’ strike& D. C; u: S5 N) R
8 I3 w: e2 j7 r3 }) j' G0 }
Strikes by Special Groups4 h$ z6 L! r0 U5 p5 y, B3 K z9 G
101. Refusal of impressed labor: h! Y( I% k$ o) A
102. Prisoners’ strike
8 A: e4 F) B4 a' Z5 p" U9 t 103. Craft strike7 I% O# ?* e* {- o
104. Professional strike
9 ^6 _# o+ u# o
6 S ?9 {1 m MOrdinary Industrial Strikes7 e4 @0 M) A: P- }
105. Establishment strike9 e" Y7 r+ D9 e X L
106. Industry strike) r; x7 _3 U: o }) D
107. Sympathetic strike4 I; \- S3 {8 b" k
% B* b b: X% w: V8 [Restricted Strikes
: d( ^& T! B9 B x4 a) O 108. Detailed strike
; L" ?+ \' R4 J& D, Z! v& @ 109. Bumper strike; e! U1 E2 N; v7 |# F/ ?- J
110. Slowdown strike; w/ J0 O# J. p/ Z& l
111. Working-to-rule strike
6 b2 h$ ]4 h- u: G; r+ p8 x$ R5 D! \ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 u- i! k/ g) ^; o; I+ {
113. Strike by resignation% W7 f6 d0 x" _4 ?* i% {' E
114. Limited strike
/ ?# e7 s; L1 x: R6 I 115. Selective strike
' S; i7 C( w4 Q, O+ a' v6 i7 U/ L- }& b; t
Multi-Industry Strikes
+ a( h9 Z. b4 r( J( d
: r- o }, q% Y8 H# ?0 E 116. Generalized strike7 a; |+ C, r/ a, |$ ]
. ^/ g) n) i/ m0 D; ~4 u$ s
117. General strike
- B& o) w3 s8 F% F+ U$ p. W' F6 x- ?9 |; ?3 j' s3 ^# U/ z6 s+ L3 r3 C
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 Y, J9 E- M1 x
* w. N) G+ g/ k7 V5 P6 T8 a: z 118. Hartal
! K. @! q1 x* t2 F6 _0 N
5 {2 q, o, N3 w0 A3 I5 A 119. Economic shutdown; y- e8 J S/ d2 k& h3 Y: P
. X7 b* i8 o) w. _9 U 2 G3 v' Y' D0 B
7 |" n3 S5 u; v3 \THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* g! i! s5 a/ n5 m
: y: \8 q: A$ T) F `! F
/ ~4 F& o3 d' ?+ Q0 q- c7 ~Rejection of Authority
- l( R6 K8 m1 I0 t 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance' M- D/ ^+ _5 B6 O" b
121. Refusal of public support$ ^! E6 F( s4 g8 s
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! r, m% a: ^! d
5 e! H1 ^- K4 o% r7 @/ u4 _9 FCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
3 V u9 o" M8 p n 123. Boycott of legislative bodies' Q. Z- Q& q( R* c6 ~& ]
124. Boycott of elections9 X: C* E: X% G
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ ?1 r7 v3 b7 y( I7 A( U 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" d6 ~9 v: \1 I* |' V 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ p; A! b1 G" Z9 ^ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, Q; P G. c# u; m3 e. i
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 I& I" Y: d1 E# I" \, t9 `
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ |/ v2 X: O- M3 m) O9 s& Z) ~ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 L- [5 R& [, ]0 ?7 V6 V 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions2 a" W9 y1 n% g" G8 d4 Y# J" j1 C
+ F$ [) E9 J) U; V4 d! \* {4 K
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 p1 Q9 }% O0 X7 [. O
133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 {" k0 Q5 w! {8 o( m( t8 [3 u. ?
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 \) ?* H( U% h+ y+ o2 F4 C 135. Popular nonobedience
: u5 `" I; G2 ^9 ?# b: l 136. Disguised disobedience5 Z0 L; Q; T" A- o+ r/ s' h$ N
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 z& O R/ n/ {, E
138. Sitdown7 O5 r& k( }2 T2 Y, O
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 I1 h: j8 p9 T5 S( o 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! I5 D) a( l0 @0 U# ~
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 t6 S9 R6 n# s) q5 O
5 Q% v2 c0 q u2 J" v$ J- m) {) @% uAction by Government Personnel) T- L; m x' \% { n9 @
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! ^) k, G. q5 n1 `, M 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" ?: D+ Y6 u8 D7 h; g, d4 h& a7 N$ p 144. Stalling and obstruction
7 `) Y0 r: p6 { 145. General administrative noncooperation8 Z1 k: K [. h5 G, X: d; s
! Z8 e# S6 o% _% z: Y. Z' |
146. Judicial noncooperation
& W" ?- r0 ]9 m$ H 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" `0 i: U3 _* ^: o6 A7 C
148. Mutiny
) H9 c# e% ~5 j4 g+ w4 PDomestic Governmental Action% b$ h" [5 S1 h B; a4 v ?
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
* N1 g4 b; N' G( j2 T% I3 c 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 k) }8 h( u; n- x0 |9 S) S! ^1 Q: K9 |$ n1 h6 P; n
International Governmental Action- X& V' F h& d& C$ k1 T; I; y
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 d. Y# ]. M9 g( `4 i0 \ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ Z1 U+ I* S- q$ U
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 C+ p B" M4 j$ P
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
; a+ p$ R0 t9 F/ W 155. Withdrawal from international organizations8 G9 t& Q2 }) S
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 u& A+ E9 ?$ I6 X( H3 C. \* t 157. Expulsion from international organizations
4 R" D* F$ W3 r3 a# @. D
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$ e' [8 V( G4 C [: m3 F4 i1 g7 CTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
( g7 p; S- a! ~* G1 I' z2 m) n7 L7 ~! C$ F/ r4 d) p5 E- d- ~: t
6 z+ d& \0 d! b3 i& [Psychological Intervention6 u2 W: Q( K9 p
158. Self-exposure to the elements# k' z# Y) z6 x8 @9 W
159. The fast% v0 |( [; V% P- |+ B
a) Fast of moral pressure9 l% w3 J& k3 r5 X) {* \4 E
b) Hunger strike. `& r8 q- G0 p7 y. d
c) Satyagrahic fast
% F$ G+ a. `: O3 e# A% _& s9 y 160. Reverse trial
7 ^" N+ ~+ P9 U: j4 p 161. Nonviolent harassment# v y1 L! m( T+ _' E) v4 j. o4 R
6 M" i5 m( o4 E( T4 ~
Physical Intervention! ?0 P X" M8 a9 w |2 B. I P
162. Sit-in
$ }9 J$ {9 u3 [- b/ U; b4 f 163. Stand-in
+ S- C0 d* @1 ~8 o+ ]( t 164. Ride-in+ f# i, J5 @& O- S
165. Wade-in
9 N% B% B( f8 T2 K5 | P/ T0 b 166. Mill-in
: d; p5 U0 Y* Z ~& n 167. Pray-in4 D' W1 A0 h6 V( s/ B. D
168. Nonviolent raids
/ b2 c3 H, t, g. C+ `, A- x 169. Nonviolent air raids& o* \ p/ h! @& p
170. Nonviolent invasion; e* T7 s+ L _9 Y8 s$ X# L
171. Nonviolent interjection6 r( X' \, V. q" _) I6 P: F
172. Nonviolent obstruction* {& U5 A' r- d; _/ Z5 R$ g
173. Nonviolent occupation- I, U, v0 A/ `/ s& F4 y
% k! X9 K m" w0 \* _3 t/ F
Social Intervention$ }' l0 P$ |, r" a/ c2 [# b
174. Establishing new social patterns
. Z9 y; B' l9 g' X9 J 175. Overloading of facilities Z/ ~3 F, b# _8 \
176. Stall-in/ A) S1 O* P" r6 x6 ]
177. Speak-in' {, p& F) H: y
178. Guerrilla theater. m- r; r2 |# s: w# S$ y
179. Alternative social institutions9 V7 @6 j+ C8 F& G# t
180. Alternative communication system: p+ u6 V. Q0 }+ C2 }* l1 ?
" @6 F1 T2 V) W! e
Economic Intervention
/ T9 C$ U0 b0 T7 s7 L4 m 181. Reverse strike
- y' [/ G2 z$ C, {1 z9 M: F: S 182. Stay-in strike
7 o$ r% o D5 T5 c) P 183. Nonviolent land seizure, T) T) c. k+ T2 Z! i
184. Defiance of blockades Y8 c5 F0 P" a9 {* P Z1 } i
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# e \ l2 K) }8 E0 j+ l 186. Preclusive purchasing9 ~5 k: n3 E% D( w5 p2 h7 B
187. Seizure of assets# K$ h& K7 o" x" S/ _. Y
188. Dumping( s$ { d0 N$ J- ]
189. Selective patronage& k! E2 N3 R" T* q9 v% x' K5 [* A
190. Alternative markets
5 h: t, ^' N( L1 m 191. Alternative transportation systems/ m3 {9 R0 l3 |" x; K, B& q
192. Alternative economic institutions
J6 h8 t# _& A% \% O- z M1 H o; A
# Q# s2 l$ Y9 ^, R0 L; N& f J( ZPolitical Intervention
$ y( g5 Y2 x5 Q [2 T% d 193. Overloading of administrative systems. ^5 \, n9 [* \$ O0 F1 a
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, f% ^8 K2 A' F: ~; m+ S6 k7 Q 195. Seeking imprisonment
! W- c- g0 V! R* c' c, l 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, X0 Z( w/ \. R1 Q& s4 [
197. Work-on without collaboration
, P, K& K8 c8 R3 M" k- G; ] 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
