 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, }+ w4 {- I4 D+ PFormal Statements+ W( k- Y: l' m1 d0 h& U) |
1. Public Speeches2 C4 Y2 U6 f5 A; l
2. Letters of opposition or support
5 [8 c* N; K1 z/ w% E/ F. Y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
( d7 j. p' D* Q: O w7 i. _# T 4. Signed public statements
1 p6 R5 I. V7 \: f! Q( G 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 l- v/ Q" D/ y$ |, @4 y 6. Group or mass petitions2 S9 g* H3 s; ~9 X' m1 C( y: j, L
/ b: t' i, w4 X+ `) L5 H aCommunications with a Wider Audience
! T: U+ x* o: z( q$ F8 b5 z* s; V+ X 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% U' I' ]- B/ g( A" x4 ]
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ v" {% w ^1 F0 u7 w1 o6 A
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' n% R3 x/ ^$ E6 B* ?$ f; J3 Q7 w 10. Newspapers and journals& w E' O/ E6 Y; I% A" l
11. Records, radio, and television
3 j$ J* ^9 x6 | 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' L2 L4 m& B1 v$ Q" k/ k
8 B5 P, E2 F7 r& ] SGroup Representations
3 s% c) ?1 a5 k5 ?+ P+ A3 J 13. Deputations
' A1 F1 E4 ~8 ~+ C3 R 14. Mock awards
% o6 B$ z |1 i 15. Group lobbying) u+ H" W, f+ e0 n4 }9 p! t$ L
16. Picketing1 G4 Z1 B1 `& t: h
17. Mock elections
- Q2 h8 f1 g7 N6 B1 v9 e0 A& L
) \1 `& w! H3 L) K3 H! tSymbolic Public Acts7 { X3 F, k7 \, T2 J6 w* s; b
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; L- N. Z; v3 T- \) U
19. Wearing of symbols4 V' J7 O \7 s: ^1 |. w% f) v& X
20. Prayer and worship: h% c" M; s! o# Z- \! k9 n: y
21. Delivering symbolic objects
: t2 `! i5 u$ W, t: g. [, b; Q+ H5 z 22. Protest disrobings
( z! ^* G c z8 V 23. Destruction of own property2 j% O* c4 i- ?; a( P, P
24. Symbolic lights
. b O! t8 W$ ]$ E0 a 25. Displays of portraits { P% X1 N, p: [# N
26. Paint as protest
9 p- u; n/ I6 L" L" W7 r- j 27. New signs and names B9 \) [* m- ]+ |
28. Symbolic sounds8 |+ L2 R( E }
29. Symbolic reclamations
2 P$ k6 Y1 w( c7 @* ]: [ 30. Rude gestures- f# O3 U% t6 y
k% G) i6 Y7 A3 P6 d- hPressures on Individuals
( J3 `' C5 d1 D5 s' H" p 31. “Haunting” officials) F% q. P0 C+ W' I5 h) ~
32. Taunting officials
+ \$ p. h, Z' s& X$ K# {# c 33. Fraternization
& i4 H% S; b' ]% o1 K p+ R 34. Vigils
* R7 T( K+ y0 x; p5 m6 n+ |
- D' Y, @7 N% d: h- }, GDrama and Music
. p) K6 C& e+ J3 x 35. Humorous skits and pranks) x( p: A- \6 T2 D( l
36. Performances of plays and music
- S) Y2 H# Z3 R* ] 37. Singing) }3 Y& @8 u! T7 H
Q. I3 m4 L6 o! y- e. ^
Processions
8 `: z! O e5 v7 d- f- F( s 38. Marches
. F0 e) [2 `7 \8 n* R9 p' B 39. Parades
$ z9 C) @6 E/ X8 }+ ?& @/ ?2 B 40. Religious processions
5 q/ l5 b5 R9 D9 S0 d# O 41. Pilgrimages, M1 q) G- j8 z: p' _, O! D
42. Motorcades; V( c1 q% `: p5 e( a
' b( [0 \) S0 f l y& QHonoring the Dead
7 B {' s0 M: c$ d 43. Political mourning
& d6 v( r! D/ J 44. Mock funerals
' |: J' Z v7 D n5 P9 r 45. Demonstrative funerals
) M8 L/ {# n* x# z 46. Homage at burial places
. H% X/ d9 [- ^" p( c# @ |' a/ \
7 q- \; V' p& b( p4 W! OPublic Assemblies, d; Q, t8 I& {6 [! }
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 r F9 t* B; K6 f8 z 48. Protest meetings5 H0 @. U7 r8 N+ }. u! J
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 L, g" g" d; |; O" K
50. Teach-ins0 m0 I. ^/ p6 d
2 W* E/ y! _1 w! _5 C' m5 V
Withdrawal and Renunciation: ?& G% z* n( e/ g/ i" `. d
51. Walk-outs
% i5 E( I) J* D 52. Silence
. X: O8 Y- ~# k, c; I 53. Renouncing honors& L6 Y! q7 ]# t. _% z. _
54. Turning one’s back5 p6 `( q' N1 p
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9 R% f" d) I( ?: X+ D* D: D6 q+ X1 A |5 C2 U+ S# @/ x
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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7 T! F7 [6 v$ n
2 y6 C& u" V( `+ `7 N U
Ostracism of Persons% q2 m* h3 M- d. n+ `
55. Social boycott
! N; T2 |+ D, o2 u8 K T% N 56. Selective social boycott
9 D2 _+ @7 O- n; R7 G# d 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 O) @4 _+ p' C 58. Excommunication
( J* I' h2 W+ l" |7 {( P 59. Interdict9 I2 ?# r5 i: P' m
7 z K* _) X: H/ m
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ i# Z3 c9 a3 S7 p+ b( A 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# Z: x' [" D5 M* W 61. Boycott of social affairs( j2 J- Z! J1 D/ m. h1 D7 d
62. Student strike
0 a# H. M& ^1 d" Q' F 63. Social disobedience
6 d+ r8 p( K$ j 64. Withdrawal from social institutions+ r- x) n; J9 k; ?0 U
- W* a6 q: p+ I6 L' l6 ?/ DWithdrawal from the Social System
3 l3 B: M; W/ c$ a% Y3 ]: a2 Y 65. Stay-at-home
! L$ W5 C" L/ W7 G9 T# H" c/ x 66. Total personal noncooperation
7 {! k3 t5 Y7 N% H" Q 67. “Flight” of workers: {% T2 B, T v ^/ c a
68. Sanctuary
& m' p% n8 w8 Z+ A 69. Collective disappearance
! s" r: @2 y6 q+ [' r 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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8 o) q# [; u/ c. v : b. U( r/ N; H; E* ^: c) L4 R" E
2 v |1 C" s' P6 e) B; A- RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ d9 B, c" j1 o( a- h% _2 h
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) F, R/ w5 L9 c" b* \- T7 q$ \Actions by Consumers
% C6 Y7 T" ]) D% d0 v 71. Consumers’ boycott4 f; o3 t( G, ~; s' G; X/ b
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: N% s- U9 ~9 ~+ G$ L4 Y7 C( c6 h
73. Policy of austerity
* D H# O2 k( B( Y/ ` 74. Rent withholding
( ]( @# }6 V. Y 75. Refusal to rent& K. Y/ s& s: o' C
76. National consumers’ boycott
' U! ?6 s3 L" ?+ m' N9 n; I0 J9 U 77. International consumers’ boycott& _* |; i! o4 \0 I2 A* ?0 A. j
3 \9 n9 W' m1 e" f" Q A8 d$ w
Action by Workers and Producers0 C( q) C- ]# [, e: J4 F
78. Workmen’s boycott0 B& Z4 H7 c% e' }1 p, s
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen
" E% U3 t, C/ N/ l5 b0 ?) T, u 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 j6 E+ s' I; }1 }5 {, E2 u" [' X! j2 t$ l0 z
Action by Owners and Management
2 v/ N$ Q. {. }! a: {, a$ f 81. Traders’ boycott( g* @; |' A, s4 y! y
82. Refusal to let or sell property) L; d/ M. L1 ~# K+ @
83. Lockout
) ~" Y( E+ Y v9 t0 u 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 O1 u* A% `1 u3 F$ K2 c: b 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources% w8 K. g; [, W1 y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 J, b1 G/ G/ m- q
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; j. s7 P/ v2 H% _8 |8 p 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% t/ d, }# \$ K1 Z r8 j/ R 89. Severance of funds and credit
! S3 L9 A+ D- H; ] 90. Revenue refusal
3 w4 p2 j, `8 v j z% ^. o 91. Refusal of a government’s money2 ~2 c* Z; N- N2 x& ~
/ B8 Y* E0 M* |4 g5 Z* _. \# b
Action by Governments# _% M) k8 L5 h
92. Domestic embargo5 [- o2 W! L& `& S5 P: c$ ]) C5 L1 q
93. Blacklisting of traders
; ]5 D4 w/ N& y i8 } 94. International sellers’ embargo
' B# W r6 [# r/ ^: A2 b 95. International buyers’ embargo
5 b; D/ U& v9 J& \- @, v 96. International trade embargo7 n5 U% S+ l+ N
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' h6 u/ y5 L. @% e nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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9 s8 `( Z5 {. ISymbolic Strikes
- z9 r4 F& P3 j6 N& H+ K 97. Protest strike
! F* ?0 g5 L$ X) D1 c 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 k- J, a5 D N p4 w& ~/ {4 z& X' b3 C+ a: d+ `
Agricultural Strikes4 O2 V. ?+ \8 q/ q% ~
99. Peasant strike
% @1 h& S9 Y/ k& z; z* d' c$ | 100. Farm Workers’ strike
# n% t9 Z- {$ X+ b V0 }: i
. o* |' @5 k5 E9 g& ^) Q0 X+ C1 @Strikes by Special Groups
. V {4 m& m9 J7 X. b5 ? 101. Refusal of impressed labor% Y; ^7 _ X6 Z
102. Prisoners’ strike
5 {1 l3 y: ]# ]! W* n 103. Craft strike, d& F; \5 J; Y$ s
104. Professional strike, C: g+ o7 h/ H2 F0 m6 S
7 E7 t ^, P0 K5 K IOrdinary Industrial Strikes9 G7 p. P( I4 b$ @2 {$ F# z5 T7 v
105. Establishment strike
" l$ P* o: j: n" {2 [# B 106. Industry strike6 a5 m& G6 W& ]7 h$ S
107. Sympathetic strike# O* D/ [% W& c" C8 r
. `& C& r3 i0 i7 zRestricted Strikes
4 G7 R; Y* b5 u2 p* X8 u' J 108. Detailed strike
8 o% m& x5 N1 z- E" I8 g4 I0 [ 109. Bumper strike
3 o* U9 e# |& O# W/ ^& K 110. Slowdown strike
. A- T4 A4 i! L9 o- M 111. Working-to-rule strike
& T v+ [9 t, t% k6 H/ `9 }$ u 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 u& T2 f* j+ d* [4 k' q 113. Strike by resignation
; f5 |) g/ y6 P3 ?" V( Y 114. Limited strike
: k, q6 q0 ~: p2 N d 115. Selective strike
3 _/ v) D5 X( R, b
! ]" _* S2 _! w4 v0 ~3 Q; v. PMulti-Industry Strikes# e r# }% q% Y% C
$ l |2 s; f& U) r* v# X2 R( p$ l! s
116. Generalized strike
9 F ]* d3 m/ j1 I3 U& B. ~' P8 g) ^! V
4 |) `. R6 J9 ^) h. S: f! P 117. General strike( i/ Y1 p2 E1 L5 t( G
2 @- v: d1 a: T! Y9 s% w: L: q$ ACombination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 [& Z$ d5 y+ ]
: l! {, |: f. w* x9 h7 l 118. Hartal# N" q u: V9 z- f
! x) ~2 R/ f9 V8 Y+ s
119. Economic shutdown# @0 L; q4 v5 j/ d) E
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/ I) Z/ w, E5 u3 I# d6 S
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
! m8 \' E/ c l4 x5 T# X# z& l. E' h: r& o8 p# t" T
! ~9 ~, @* n" \6 e4 [* u& @ t: Z
Rejection of Authority
1 m6 d1 x, W$ S8 h d' Y& ?1 J# y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 o1 |) U3 |. `6 A1 c; U 121. Refusal of public support
1 g G6 z8 o% t- b/ U 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' z0 H2 g- m7 W1 a" }0 }9 _4 y% v, k) L0 d% S+ _* B3 W
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! I& K; u. P- F7 F) x* u& O$ P+ _8 {" I
123. Boycott of legislative bodies" _8 L2 h: j) L; O ~0 i$ C0 C' b
124. Boycott of elections; H6 p2 U' e0 `/ }4 h; D0 j5 [: j
125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 Q) E" c+ U" E X) L8 m# ^+ v
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( Y2 t8 J7 E' t" Y: ` 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! z8 _8 q" M9 g, I: v! I 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
) X" D8 z+ O, `5 E9 F$ y/ O4 P 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 E4 b# n9 Z; x: @( s
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: C) J/ {. l% E6 j% ^: a1 E3 o
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 X8 d% Z) `; i
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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$ }: S' P2 l0 z. B! T* \+ nCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience% N8 `4 j T/ L! d0 C
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 \& y0 b8 ~( o+ ?/ ]; e. { 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 m# \' q! i- G0 v6 X: ? 135. Popular nonobedience, ]' H3 Q) |% n8 `
136. Disguised disobedience( N% \( |: h3 _" v. y0 I
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 n- ]! A( s( O" _+ e* n+ O* @& ^8 c% o 138. Sitdown1 D3 {/ b6 {# |/ p7 o" |4 X% x
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 Y" u& z" A% x' J9 L" O 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- t% p+ E0 n; z. @8 b+ w' b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel% Q; n! s& k+ M. f
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! t4 `+ G$ o8 F- {8 @
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ t/ u: V+ j0 E1 g: {' l 144. Stalling and obstruction, e: C% Z. ]& o8 k+ R0 F4 L
145. General administrative noncooperation) m' _- q" @: s I/ n. j7 J
4 @* z$ ?5 A4 M5 l
146. Judicial noncooperation
. P5 n3 K# H+ U 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* P D! s K" O: w" Q. b4 {# v
148. Mutiny
n8 b0 y0 ]! rDomestic Governmental Action
4 v0 U% L3 t. D9 p3 Y6 u( K 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 T* d8 J! D: w' h- `
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# e! T7 z8 C4 i
3 u( o$ i- N3 YInternational Governmental Action
7 b/ e! Y: A, h% L9 ]' u 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; H/ W! l1 X# Q' T \ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# ~0 W6 L" d1 ?" P3 K 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( D2 P" H9 B0 i5 ?, W n7 x3 h0 P
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 f1 W8 f Z3 x' s$ J! A% J5 c, M A+ z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations# o/ E$ _; ?( I* L# L
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 c0 L1 a& f8 c0 |& j7 C o9 w 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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. Y/ _) }! O' G/ vTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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( z9 {' n" }2 ]) ?Psychological Intervention$ C' }/ `& J: f, G/ {2 k6 Y' ]0 ^
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- X5 W+ \6 z3 X- j# u 159. The fast' h0 m/ [0 S# o; h& k
a) Fast of moral pressure% L& E6 D) { i7 V+ E9 k8 T! g
b) Hunger strike+ {: R: L: s* n9 ]! l' E$ }
c) Satyagrahic fast
: [ r+ p, B: h% x2 t: q 160. Reverse trial
. F0 U4 Q1 n6 X; c2 c, s 161. Nonviolent harassment
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, ?7 X; V. P0 E) f2 j; u, L: D6 }Physical Intervention: Y0 r. n6 `. d8 c- x
162. Sit-in8 V, m T4 \: [' }0 D) w$ P; X5 P5 V
163. Stand-in
t$ a+ M# |4 V7 S0 ~ 164. Ride-in
% l$ U9 S6 A e! |$ t 165. Wade-in' c9 [6 @( Q( w& D( d' x
166. Mill-in
% m1 |: B9 q$ u- I* r6 |9 Z& Q* L 167. Pray-in7 X- @/ V/ o$ }- i. J
168. Nonviolent raids5 t% L5 s; x3 P5 u9 H2 I
169. Nonviolent air raids9 H c7 [0 n O$ q
170. Nonviolent invasion( ]) I- B! C4 @; g& c
171. Nonviolent interjection
: X2 \' A; y1 ^! @ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ s/ _' M% s) Y. N0 {. U 173. Nonviolent occupation5 L! M$ V0 c2 T2 z- O# A! l" a- p
3 H4 h! g# B5 E+ ySocial Intervention
7 R/ ~9 \( E. X) A' S( x! a0 p 174. Establishing new social patterns# Y: }. N3 o/ f3 J/ N$ V4 b3 }6 a
175. Overloading of facilities& i* v1 I- S @8 n( [
176. Stall-in
8 r2 j! h7 h, O4 A 177. Speak-in5 B6 s" } d* [* h( ]0 ?9 X
178. Guerrilla theater
2 g% q3 a1 t" C+ E# o4 _ 179. Alternative social institutions4 G! B! Y; G+ S3 J; k0 M9 n) U; V
180. Alternative communication system: n8 f1 y( T" b: g5 L
( p7 E! t4 }: j- p9 t" K5 \0 ]1 pEconomic Intervention& O6 E6 e) _7 A4 y
181. Reverse strike
8 F5 A D7 J. D" E0 ^9 C' ~3 X5 Y 182. Stay-in strike
; ^/ A2 h3 S8 Q, d# a 183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 h* I$ p! C' c$ f* I( k, [ 184. Defiance of blockades2 \ x1 |" o' }2 Z
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ F6 u+ T" @: e3 t1 _
186. Preclusive purchasing
! O( F w2 E+ A8 C/ n 187. Seizure of assets e* B) [) E2 Z' W5 g, |: I
188. Dumping% ?3 @$ r5 v1 Y+ r
189. Selective patronage
1 e5 F/ w' K/ \/ c- m6 C0 W. W 190. Alternative markets
B6 k0 T! ?6 c+ W( A# E) K6 c 191. Alternative transportation systems; S& @% b, y' J) n5 u
192. Alternative economic institutions
0 D( J2 Y% M) o/ I) M; R% S$ U/ ^0 P& O, {4 B7 i
Political Intervention8 w# p- e! e+ x4 \( H& K
193. Overloading of administrative systems
! a) B, r4 {% d/ W 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( R$ `4 j' |8 b4 Z- d 195. Seeking imprisonment
( d" N5 e5 I0 U# N 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, Q) d" [ H! K4 P0 H/ @
197. Work-on without collaboration
" H. u% k5 Q) }8 ], S% a 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
