 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, F$ B( Z5 z6 t% L# a# yFormal Statements: ]! z! `5 M" U! | r- u
1. Public Speeches) Z8 p( z3 f! G- n; C# w
2. Letters of opposition or support" @/ k* A8 B% A
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ i2 b8 F. ~& B* ?! M) s' P
4. Signed public statements
9 q& a( s0 x8 P8 A, H i 5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 Z+ W' w9 L1 G( j" i4 \# w
6. Group or mass petitions
5 o5 j9 V) Z; T: g: j* T/ u4 M. r4 C
Communications with a Wider Audience3 P9 o, Y( q) ~; @2 k$ U: w
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 V2 a J3 [! }9 b 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications* `; ?. D7 r; r, R0 [" [
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# Y' d y; y2 ?! H6 x+ L 10. Newspapers and journals" c. H4 W8 i) z9 p8 x$ A2 ^/ Q
11. Records, radio, and television
2 @( k; R( U) h: x0 q. z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting% f2 Z, J; n; k! N b
2 n/ e- G4 E( g& ^+ S' K
Group Representations
9 C, A+ G, J9 N' [ 13. Deputations
7 V4 U- o9 z; K 14. Mock awards
: |" }3 u- e6 p! t% s 15. Group lobbying
0 z( m4 o% O( I" e' A0 X' t6 B5 Y4 k 16. Picketing
* J% p8 D: R) c 17. Mock elections
" g* @ [" N9 A6 t: a
5 {" y- |* a7 e; I Y1 L. E6 b5 nSymbolic Public Acts
( d( z- r; `6 T9 l' X- O9 H 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; r0 e+ O, M" g0 F9 Q8 b7 ^ 19. Wearing of symbols
( O$ Q% t, q, P5 \0 N' h4 D 20. Prayer and worship: Q$ k1 R$ A" z$ v/ P% ]! p
21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ C" [. [1 J; F s, z 22. Protest disrobings" o0 z* {0 M* E: ^; N( X$ T
23. Destruction of own property' ^3 k( j1 z H" R6 A; N' `% c
24. Symbolic lights- H" ~7 p9 w1 h! q: d$ T; p
25. Displays of portraits
- b; t3 ` E8 \+ Y& @* _ 26. Paint as protest
# G( B- n- B' i/ u* d 27. New signs and names& [5 g" m6 @- z/ B% V
28. Symbolic sounds
: {0 P& z/ E, [: i+ k( i' n/ Q5 q 29. Symbolic reclamations# `) c1 H! N% S6 R: P& |9 o
30. Rude gestures" f) M3 }( O7 Z# w/ @
% S6 S5 Q2 C& {0 u/ b9 M4 Q# X
Pressures on Individuals$ X/ K. u- p4 q
31. “Haunting” officials& A% Z$ i' k% P
32. Taunting officials( J$ w/ {4 d8 L% ` {
33. Fraternization9 ?4 F6 Q. ]. B: |/ v) _
34. Vigils' p+ X" D) H6 l; q$ _
# ^9 k4 h# U( b/ p- eDrama and Music7 { b; l( _ Y) X8 t; m
35. Humorous skits and pranks( [) `5 y2 u J7 ^
36. Performances of plays and music& A) d) M( ? c. B/ X# O: a
37. Singing
; I. x0 {9 T- H1 Y* w( F0 R$ r: ~' S& Y* L' p
Processions4 E# i# n) v3 z7 s
38. Marches3 G" ~# q! u# z/ Y$ c. G
39. Parades2 M+ ]# X h; x; D. [
40. Religious processions( j3 O9 q4 @. q4 j6 C
41. Pilgrimages7 @: ~. N5 q' f% ~# u" E
42. Motorcades
( ^/ Q9 Z0 i5 `
- |* G4 z1 f+ o9 d$ e ?4 S8 OHonoring the Dead9 B# l& J# K) r2 z4 f
43. Political mourning0 A( G& U2 r8 Z
44. Mock funerals' V L" r; t/ X% S8 y# r
45. Demonstrative funerals( h; ~- x7 W- o: V
46. Homage at burial places0 W9 I- D4 ?+ {) y# U
; B! [& {. J: CPublic Assemblies
# g; w. R$ r' Q+ C 47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 |' K+ V7 f: ]& Q 48. Protest meetings, d) ?% `+ t- N) A( l. j) G- j
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ N2 h5 W; v5 s 50. Teach-ins \+ Q; t# z8 D6 u I* I1 f v$ X$ c
# b# |1 C1 ]( r( SWithdrawal and Renunciation- V! B% o1 o1 d& E: M
51. Walk-outs, l) A! B3 w/ `
52. Silence. Y, h# Y/ D5 R1 Q
53. Renouncing honors* x; m' C# [6 H7 e) Y/ ^
54. Turning one’s back
5 K. j& q g6 m3 X& C. Q6 _2 E* p- P* L/ z% N% N
! f1 {+ @, T5 U- q$ w, a8 E
0 E' }/ Q/ Q$ T% W/ Z4 \THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION3 C, h. J; F! _( `3 m) W
+ k0 ?$ P2 r; \$ J
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& K3 |" p- z- T; _# ]Ostracism of Persons
& a. ~( r/ z% h6 }) H 55. Social boycott& X1 h" j/ E) q3 z/ O
56. Selective social boycott. H4 f6 o3 o2 `: r7 D9 o
57. Lysistratic nonaction
* l* l1 Z* S4 P+ z 58. Excommunication
7 {8 S. F8 q, i" \4 m% M; A1 Y8 f 59. Interdict
' Q x1 c/ {" f( y4 |- A1 s( b4 |( P i" z/ N3 O
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, M5 U7 q. ?6 Y2 F* S# ]3 N 60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ [" j' U* `9 V6 f( q4 Y( H
61. Boycott of social affairs
5 n8 Q) x/ |) D, V, t% r 62. Student strike. G3 q# {7 H! n4 M1 ]6 Z
63. Social disobedience
& d/ w e* [; [* ]/ P 64. Withdrawal from social institutions, m4 u: ^2 _2 D5 k
5 f, t" E" L5 _$ m+ U
Withdrawal from the Social System
q- c3 Y: x. D& ]4 K 65. Stay-at-home9 h1 y) w7 b& _2 _7 ~* X% e# E4 Q
66. Total personal noncooperation, t; V2 |1 {6 ?
67. “Flight” of workers2 e; G& V; ]. c! e
68. Sanctuary3 ^# M2 J9 C( E# Z7 k
69. Collective disappearance# t' U& @+ z/ b3 _! s2 j- g
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 r3 Q$ y% n) s# i
% j- S" H: r$ V: _+ o
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/ J! y3 ^6 }8 f% n* tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 m9 h% A, ^# \2 Y+ @2 P: @( u/ J7 F' l
' g2 N) ]1 g) K: s+ ^Actions by Consumers
; \$ w2 H& {7 G1 A, f 71. Consumers’ boycott
1 ^8 N+ c2 m7 x. m2 Y: g 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; Z. Z# j9 h( o; y 73. Policy of austerity; W7 S6 |5 B/ ^
74. Rent withholding# E( }, ^# o! s+ {1 d9 d. }
75. Refusal to rent
. I7 B4 P8 K+ b9 R1 W 76. National consumers’ boycott& m- _/ f% p2 t5 N$ h! t# q
77. International consumers’ boycott
5 U$ I' i. _! K5 p3 @
, |/ b1 X6 X1 F$ L& d/ yAction by Workers and Producers
- K- |+ a; H$ b, C6 [7 A 78. Workmen’s boycott" ?8 k2 j8 ^8 r9 z
79. Producers’ boycott
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. o+ w' { b3 W9 L3 O5 wAction by Middlemen
' Z) q: {8 w" `' X" [ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 z) Z' m+ E% l7 f! E, g2 |! J* J3 J* @
Action by Owners and Management, D; M( a. K+ h5 j
81. Traders’ boycott
' @% ^0 n* v+ s4 @. P: w* U 82. Refusal to let or sell property5 M- o1 J- E0 E0 `
83. Lockout
6 W& W- S; }0 m/ u 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- {* ]$ _7 e4 F% Q9 }$ a5 H% C 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
0 Q3 {! T" T9 t) o/ {5 t( ]/ q6 I: g4 P& N
Action by Holders of Financial Resources4 d. A/ f" }2 G$ |& U& Q
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& W% l' B* \4 X# v6 c& e9 t+ h
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. s5 Y" y) _; G: h9 ^' i- I 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 Z2 u6 M+ \8 \1 V* ~1 u
89. Severance of funds and credit9 c' ?- k) V) r' N
90. Revenue refusal
m) \& T: u: f+ }( D 91. Refusal of a government’s money7 G7 z% ]/ M, Y: v' y6 ~ ~
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Action by Governments
+ T) B. m6 x4 s2 ]( ?: a- ^8 A* X 92. Domestic embargo
6 C. A8 u2 p0 C+ o4 |) e 93. Blacklisting of traders2 P& C X) [. Q i) `% \. b+ v
94. International sellers’ embargo
* q/ \: p+ I& j& C3 ~0 X. U1 | 95. International buyers’ embargo
( E6 G$ @ v6 W/ ?+ [ 96. International trade embargo
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& W7 _; u& {5 w+ [% M9 D }/ K- S7 PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE. d& d' w7 K! s O$ r
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5 y" [4 b8 l" r9 }) C7 A9 jSymbolic Strikes
' t F- U; [" Q# g& F+ {8 J8 I 97. Protest strike. u' w4 a; T7 D$ J
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; m2 u- K% t/ F' h% ?. x2 S" [# g; d8 q* I% {
Agricultural Strikes
V! C) B- r- X% T9 c$ b 99. Peasant strike- C. N# W$ L! L& d; f, R G
100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 m) E0 q& x: t5 P1 J* T1 T. [1 o% M4 G! G
Strikes by Special Groups* F8 T2 [. R# P3 i
101. Refusal of impressed labor
. H1 k: q" y* {3 D& c2 R# p 102. Prisoners’ strike
& ~. E% h' f; @$ Y 103. Craft strike
J7 C- c) U7 A& v" q. O# r 104. Professional strike2 z+ k4 q! v# n0 k% o' J' U% E
+ D" c1 U/ f8 ^, l8 E5 Y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
; v9 U" t. P. c; t/ q 105. Establishment strike3 `% q# I0 G! c4 S/ r M
106. Industry strike( n( ?$ d- x( ] H
107. Sympathetic strike/ ~1 p) }' F2 J. V8 O" y( L3 |4 U0 k
0 M) q# I6 u/ Y- b, l9 y
Restricted Strikes
3 d6 F; G5 ^% v7 Q3 E0 N) `, o 108. Detailed strike3 Q, \9 f6 m4 w. b" Q
109. Bumper strike p# ~, \ p% d4 f5 U, q. G1 O
110. Slowdown strike1 I" s/ B% J: a2 T+ c6 A
111. Working-to-rule strike, @" A! ]" a2 ]% ~# r
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) M! Z6 B: ]( R& e0 \- M o
113. Strike by resignation
& W, Q& w& Q4 q& @2 A 114. Limited strike! F- L) s: x/ A4 A8 Q7 f
115. Selective strike
2 l5 M' P- ~* {" \* L/ B/ y" l' o
Multi-Industry Strikes
z3 c, O7 Z+ d2 Z) s1 L0 y. R1 [2 }% z( H
116. Generalized strike2 X" b* j: W. Q/ b% d6 O1 ^. w) Y& }
- v& Z( I) l* }8 N' e5 h3 b% f' Y 117. General strike
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( T* q5 } z. h0 \2 qCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 a" E# [7 w2 T( g) E2 n3 I! c( j. P& o( H) x
118. Hartal+ m/ D6 \" G3 {+ h t- Z5 ]
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119. Economic shutdown
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8 ?3 e; V* a& `5 F; `3 A
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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, f2 t4 c, C& e0 K; a! ?) bRejection of Authority
( @: h# h$ c5 u: H/ I 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& k* J: p# _. U8 S9 p5 h. r4 w 121. Refusal of public support
: ^* W2 K+ r$ ^1 B 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ J. ~, H4 r( Z* k3 K1 T# k% l" E
, |0 \/ B7 |& }" c4 i
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! N8 Y7 @. o7 r, V
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ r5 ~( r9 N" [
124. Boycott of elections6 g* {! f3 h: [. D- j
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ x$ U) P& [: T: C 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ V# y; T q3 C4 W' D
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# i* E$ O2 A- v7 n, O( i; T5 O5 g 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations! d E: F! }7 a# y; V* X. N
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" q- i S5 z4 w3 o# d( d/ F: z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& N$ u2 K S- \ a# [ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 G6 y" }& x$ l( f- S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
: f' N3 m: _: U; Q i. I3 D' ?( i- _2 W! F3 v+ X8 A1 q5 S, _2 y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& w( F/ R* C2 l( [( l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ h5 D, s& Y$ }, d 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, j F0 H2 `! O G, p4 ^1 @6 O
135. Popular nonobedience
' ]8 Z: l- E- w1 Q+ @ 136. Disguised disobedience
( v4 j* _5 N0 `. R( ?( u 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 o' P( H5 S, A# W& o* R1 \
138. Sitdown7 Z* u- l9 Z. ~: Q' E; V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- H K3 T: p" M+ a k 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 f% { Y* w) ]- X6 H1 y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% g; S4 n5 p: m) u9 S9 q4 R; X+ K
Action by Government Personnel8 q; }, N. i1 Q7 J3 i) F
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' v% C; @5 o! L* T/ ]
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ m6 F8 R( h% M; O/ G 144. Stalling and obstruction1 Y3 r" c0 Z6 L: e7 x3 }
145. General administrative noncooperation+ [/ y, o3 M4 w7 r
! }8 D9 [' L# e- h 146. Judicial noncooperation
7 ^4 ]! ~, h) ?) y8 a) Z; t 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% U# u O( c+ }2 v 148. Mutiny
) j2 y& I* ^9 l0 tDomestic Governmental Action; ?9 M) e* S7 v' T/ [
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
+ d% N; r# w, x 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! t8 ^5 |) M8 }( A# r. \6 v$ q
+ Y8 c1 X( {% S G6 j4 [4 L$ _" K) ~International Governmental Action" q1 t7 v( v2 E" G" W
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 u: K# s' A2 c- ^
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& {# C5 ?5 E1 z" ?1 r 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: _' j7 t+ I. p' ?6 s: \" |
154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 P. P$ }: R5 q. w# _
155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 b+ D+ s L6 p/ ^) r
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# H& y- Q2 a; o' R. _ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 E3 M) ]1 o$ L5 a$ Q) K/ p
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Psychological Intervention
0 n8 C2 @0 M) v. q8 Y 158. Self-exposure to the elements: \- c3 _4 G4 B8 e
159. The fast5 s5 V9 Q" k6 G: A
a) Fast of moral pressure
3 a! s+ L- G( D. f( E b) Hunger strike
1 f9 T# a* s2 {3 e( C; P0 `* Y c) Satyagrahic fast
0 Z5 e9 N' d. x9 M4 y/ T( w( b2 B 160. Reverse trial t0 A# F4 ?2 E, B6 y B- x
161. Nonviolent harassment5 ^; ?" p8 X: B/ B z+ D2 I- `
4 Q# P( D( z7 dPhysical Intervention) |% x7 D0 {1 @7 h
162. Sit-in0 l1 W1 Q1 K8 k0 {% W/ O
163. Stand-in6 y; e, s) d2 _7 w
164. Ride-in
/ F: e: {5 Y; E 165. Wade-in1 w8 X9 P9 y2 p
166. Mill-in z4 }/ F1 K5 }. u' R" l
167. Pray-in
, E8 Q& g. q6 I5 J7 f- z( Y" X 168. Nonviolent raids- M- \9 p5 v' s& v: e
169. Nonviolent air raids/ A1 r/ G9 b9 y: ?% p
170. Nonviolent invasion
" Y# s: O) W- H$ ~ 171. Nonviolent interjection* M* |) d3 X) c
172. Nonviolent obstruction
! \& {: j& |9 O6 l: y+ s0 C% P( I 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention" O5 ?% I G; B. A/ Z+ X
174. Establishing new social patterns
( r. N- p3 [; k( g+ i# O3 a* I/ P 175. Overloading of facilities5 J9 W) S; V: y# w2 Z, ^8 a
176. Stall-in
. K" k1 O+ U7 H$ H+ U 177. Speak-in; A. m5 g( }8 p# R) O4 b$ U
178. Guerrilla theater
7 g% s# G N+ x0 } 179. Alternative social institutions" D. f# `) R/ ?" ` R% @
180. Alternative communication system
& Z, F# U: S* @+ F# C
" G4 D9 D6 _) B* Z, Y0 a iEconomic Intervention
Y0 x& x( Q4 I u% e9 H2 ^ 181. Reverse strike$ @0 ~. G: N! s2 K
182. Stay-in strike1 D. y4 X% N) u) C' A9 v* t
183. Nonviolent land seizure& B" c Z9 g6 j2 U& R8 m a. C
184. Defiance of blockades
7 X8 c3 e, z! P: F 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
1 ?" P \. E" H! T, v( h 186. Preclusive purchasing
1 ^8 F2 W5 c- x' C' h 187. Seizure of assets+ t7 T1 P" { f3 M0 J
188. Dumping! E. B3 \0 A& v9 l: x! f' Z1 S4 {
189. Selective patronage! }" ?/ S- q* G
190. Alternative markets' ^7 s- X9 F, `9 M- l: a. Q+ C7 d6 t
191. Alternative transportation systems
" @( y+ H% u/ y3 T3 d% R' a% ]. m 192. Alternative economic institutions5 [7 M9 I4 z' R
0 `7 |: \) Z' s6 A5 F: u0 ~, vPolitical Intervention2 _' \/ Q" e v0 t+ Q, `7 k
193. Overloading of administrative systems
* W& i* P- o( c4 B3 F* w; k4 j 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ {6 U. W& S7 i/ p
195. Seeking imprisonment
2 ^" g/ |) _0 w$ R 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, C% }+ S; c8 s; s; Y* t* }# k
197. Work-on without collaboration7 ~. {# {, N* x6 j" s+ A
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
