 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
T: @; w- A( t" ?! dFormal Statements
; ?' t' q3 {9 i) L' W& U, k 1. Public Speeches( _6 ?/ n+ F: S; |/ x
2. Letters of opposition or support' B/ k- M) H1 Y1 B8 Q& x+ L @! D
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& ?# E3 x4 t! ]" k2 g 4. Signed public statements9 h1 o6 W( @* @3 N6 V0 o. I6 y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention' K& U% }# n8 j
6. Group or mass petitions0 `* C5 P! V: H1 z5 X
: H/ M& ^' ]; C) R( X8 N& o# D
Communications with a Wider Audience
9 F3 l( V. ?0 b9 h9 i 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: g8 W+ H9 P5 a
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! j" [1 { s. M, E9 u7 y' I 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* M2 w \- W! Q: C0 e8 @. k
10. Newspapers and journals" k% i! ?+ P, l+ V
11. Records, radio, and television
/ X- W0 ?! k! B2 l# v. ]( | 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: w- {# ?, q8 e- ~* }+ [" ?) a$ s8 D# i6 _/ Q: X! x
Group Representations6 S; N. i! S0 u7 L
13. Deputations0 u+ X4 s8 m7 q) G& l8 J* Q
14. Mock awards/ F& ~8 r( t) y/ r" A! y. J
15. Group lobbying9 s; I5 u0 L! k. l P
16. Picketing2 P/ B4 m. W4 I+ R
17. Mock elections4 B" u! y0 A; }6 y
* g& \/ C1 T% S+ l, X) @
Symbolic Public Acts! k% B9 M6 g; A+ k, t% r
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- N3 o$ O1 q& e) J! T 19. Wearing of symbols! u D% X f) ^ u4 V* G
20. Prayer and worship, n- L, e; ]5 P$ p. k* d
21. Delivering symbolic objects/ O% Z: J; k5 F8 w, B/ E
22. Protest disrobings) a; Z$ A7 c! r9 Z4 q
23. Destruction of own property$ ?. @. Y7 ~" t
24. Symbolic lights
7 }; l+ L# M) a9 N1 r4 z 25. Displays of portraits
) L2 j" y6 i W% [' o/ F! h- i 26. Paint as protest
8 W2 [1 _% }' `0 P3 w/ \7 K 27. New signs and names
" t Q; t0 J( P# l: J1 B 28. Symbolic sounds% b! F* p1 P) T' E" W' N
29. Symbolic reclamations
k9 ^* Q& }3 p' H( E$ }1 } 30. Rude gestures
e/ z3 i0 _# y) e. N
+ X0 v) V. Q9 |* ^: S, Q% l9 x- TPressures on Individuals
1 D% }4 m* W8 I, M z% \2 o! j+ n 31. “Haunting” officials
* y$ b; G# U) `1 _) g5 v 32. Taunting officials
+ `) d5 ?8 R' a9 A8 v$ x0 S 33. Fraternization& p3 t$ G4 a: T* A7 l. M: L, A1 G
34. Vigils* I: q( w- _# X% Q
9 w. X3 p; F8 KDrama and Music
2 i" P2 P, V4 ^ C( s 35. Humorous skits and pranks6 P$ } j# x% u d* L' }( r
36. Performances of plays and music
1 C+ Y. ]( S/ K' E W# w 37. Singing
; \9 T: A! J4 p' |( p! U* }% @& ~) \4 K. t2 D5 ?+ v
Processions
1 [* E2 a4 t# Z7 i- |+ @ e+ x: Q 38. Marches
2 t1 `# Z) D0 d$ v& \' d/ S 39. Parades
" j3 a; g, S' j8 b4 c) r6 _ 40. Religious processions/ O R3 d: G7 O
41. Pilgrimages
* t& ^: `) R5 e. V% [8 u# a 42. Motorcades! B6 H* I" J% k
1 n* J4 Y3 p4 i0 y; h. f; rHonoring the Dead
5 E: j! y6 H" b# T 43. Political mourning' I# ~. E5 B2 z$ k% v* m
44. Mock funerals: H5 J. s* {: T5 L: l$ D
45. Demonstrative funerals
" O/ \2 u" k4 R$ b$ @ 46. Homage at burial places
% i | f* @/ x
2 M- k" A1 `* q. R$ uPublic Assemblies& ?9 p- p% R6 ]
47. Assemblies of protest or support0 p1 [: `8 B8 }1 B+ o* B
48. Protest meetings1 Z! J0 V3 `! L: ~
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 t' ~, u8 o, R: I, A! n) g# m, w9 ?* P 50. Teach-ins
5 T/ A+ v% P( o+ M+ m& B+ v, b" S* d/ h k
Withdrawal and Renunciation
$ w: _+ Q8 o! J. K 51. Walk-outs6 h0 w7 d( u# w' ?8 z; D' j
52. Silence) B/ e' N1 V6 L
53. Renouncing honors, f5 {+ f- T% _, @
54. Turning one’s back$ e. z! y5 f: c
$ p X* s9 {1 u6 p- b' ^' _4 y ; b$ d% \/ d W# c: g
* {& G+ |5 t2 g1 j2 NTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 U; J$ m6 A' q& Z: i ^! d1 `2 N4 Z2 R
& \% O* E% V) X& E1 D
7 V* _5 Q, F% G0 \" I; ^ k
$ R9 \+ o- b+ a) y) }1 ~Ostracism of Persons7 R& |+ P4 [9 Q
55. Social boycott" j/ j# J6 H# I Z
56. Selective social boycott
- M! l0 h/ f/ P3 X 57. Lysistratic nonaction, S5 S" t& }$ ^. m
58. Excommunication/ `6 G) q1 r$ L
59. Interdict3 {7 |+ b* S* g7 q9 a* T5 b" A; p
3 q3 d/ [# \1 l( D1 [6 z9 ZNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 H7 w% D0 H* Y* l1 u* o% j( q 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' b' X C9 r7 I 61. Boycott of social affairs
" b; V: g4 l; _( Q8 y: [9 r 62. Student strike
0 m5 \/ @* H" z0 t& b/ O8 c 63. Social disobedience1 O" A) G5 p; v7 r5 ~ G, S# `7 w* O! |
64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 ^! ~1 s' S) z4 ^' c2 c: l/ V
; n5 C1 S ^3 N0 s& M* x
Withdrawal from the Social System- d; o2 w# }4 v3 ~
65. Stay-at-home# n% F7 l( @$ K& S& w0 e
66. Total personal noncooperation
' E5 m! B( S8 q( b! M4 Z 67. “Flight” of workers+ X, ~& x! G. v$ q/ O
68. Sanctuary. Y! H% _. x' J1 d& ~$ p* R* q
69. Collective disappearance* t4 z5 u: C* n
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
# J; e6 Z# w# N- f. g9 `) Q% `( Y" w
" X! X6 z+ G* u' L1 {$ y8 H/ `; P
) K+ c+ u9 ^; u2 m, \# ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS% r0 U9 | q2 }1 K+ j- l5 a
+ N1 w6 i& h0 z! j }
( O) F0 t/ {7 o6 x) _- |6 g- w/ RActions by Consumers
/ S# v' I6 j+ T+ P9 N/ [ 71. Consumers’ boycott
" i7 m. V% N6 ~' O 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 z9 C3 b" N: @+ M( N# }4 D* D: T 73. Policy of austerity
; N: s1 C" \6 w" _5 I# Y2 I0 y" F 74. Rent withholding8 ~8 e6 J1 K' q% s6 i
75. Refusal to rent
8 r- d3 z4 D0 L/ }8 C& o, m. O7 W 76. National consumers’ boycott+ c6 A; M9 T& z, v' L+ Y
77. International consumers’ boycott
- J& k& S: q! A9 v8 H2 ~
1 }* K/ t& k6 F6 _' O$ l2 ^Action by Workers and Producers" k0 J1 ?6 T' J5 v; u2 X7 |6 @! c
78. Workmen’s boycott
" @9 E) k- Z H 79. Producers’ boycott, b6 x* R, s4 z5 ~
3 s% Z& e X+ Z2 g! xAction by Middlemen7 [4 G6 _/ f$ y1 l- `% G
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 A& o7 A$ D2 [* t& U" \) Y1 w |8 {
/ Q# X- M, c8 W$ G$ [
Action by Owners and Management
3 q4 k- R3 N( a' t2 L3 P7 B 81. Traders’ boycott2 L/ r g4 [3 ~
82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 O5 `: w7 g3 R# E1 r) q* W 83. Lockout/ O8 U8 a# @ E9 p
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
6 o! B3 g b0 r( x% I7 l 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
X2 M c- a3 d9 l; y% b* R! z( m6 ^
Action by Holders of Financial Resources! T4 H1 U$ w: H6 K' X# B
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; w; |1 [' N' g% J2 H5 l
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 Y2 J0 p W5 t4 N% a; X" r; h3 V
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 ~! W$ k. c* O2 |7 e 89. Severance of funds and credit3 v: x% T4 E; ` w: |) }. I
90. Revenue refusal
1 }: J3 u* }/ n5 C3 n! `- p 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 g% P a% _2 C) E2 e. u
5 [3 ]+ `7 `! k* b3 c* e3 G% |
Action by Governments
- r8 O+ E0 [7 E0 g; ? 92. Domestic embargo
" V( D5 k% {! T- S 93. Blacklisting of traders U2 J) D2 H( x+ r, g
94. International sellers’ embargo2 |& o) ~9 W: M, S
95. International buyers’ embargo6 r5 j2 g# F, } b! L9 \
96. International trade embargo& A& S2 q& d) s5 b3 z
+ u/ s# A- W. M: Y5 t' S
# k/ L" U& S! |( \, `, Q8 Y0 {5 {4 ?
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
- s' S( w/ d0 ^2 {! `! z
% Y; g9 A4 J7 @" E; Z
1 i% H& ~/ T: K1 O3 jSymbolic Strikes
N' u/ H% @' R1 q$ ?. g+ l 97. Protest strike
/ E1 e5 X1 m: R" ` 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: R# E K& y: @4 V/ P. [4 Y
, ~+ i. w. t; F* MAgricultural Strikes- j H5 c ]1 j. U
99. Peasant strike) f+ j4 \/ i/ i3 {
100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ }0 ~+ g$ h# J Z) e2 X4 M0 I9 }" W0 R
Strikes by Special Groups" Q: V' u0 n* Z) h/ A+ ]1 u5 c
101. Refusal of impressed labor7 u, c' _2 n! J& H% a
102. Prisoners’ strike: C0 b) z/ m- ]9 J$ j
103. Craft strike# e0 T. R1 K4 W3 r7 W! D
104. Professional strike
# n# t8 e% h8 Z7 ?$ H
$ |9 m; c* Y* j; eOrdinary Industrial Strikes4 R$ ]; t ^: ?' e" v4 s. {
105. Establishment strike
: i, l- `% N: U; ~3 V7 i7 o. H 106. Industry strike
+ S0 s2 T# ]& l( U 107. Sympathetic strike
0 l$ o* \2 h3 `3 E a2 K! f K' n/ X T) a
Restricted Strikes- V% u6 F/ C/ p4 i
108. Detailed strike7 Z, D( G' e5 x. p6 {& z# @
109. Bumper strike
6 q/ X& t9 a! h; s- g# V 110. Slowdown strike
% k1 ]" k# F3 K3 u- s$ i 111. Working-to-rule strike
/ \8 X: f" B; F3 _. [4 w 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ n7 `3 y5 }' L+ A* Z
113. Strike by resignation! s& |+ o, X- _8 c$ H
114. Limited strike5 N y9 ^& L4 T8 y4 @% l N
115. Selective strike7 ~7 }" K' V+ S# i
+ @! {# G p, |: @Multi-Industry Strikes1 s1 l5 X" E2 e0 @2 A7 t! ]- h7 q0 C
+ b& m) w1 Q- } G, p- e% ~
116. Generalized strike' O1 h6 X! M7 l* G
[; ~9 Q) u7 o- S: C2 i 117. General strike
$ Y% D* g4 s% v8 |2 E. u
4 Z) y: E2 _4 B$ [+ F: pCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures5 u7 K" }( k: _$ H0 y
& ~8 S0 L ? m) e 118. Hartal" y- R# U8 ^# K" d5 M( i) z
% D. Y0 l ]" {' m# J; l+ N
119. Economic shutdown
/ f m z& w6 @5 W ?; S! E3 ~$ | d( N1 o, j k7 X# v
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' d% T0 `3 m0 v1 t# fTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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" ~0 E. |! I+ R' a' i! fRejection of Authority# ?+ c2 J: B: o; d4 M
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
6 t1 v! n% r2 X J 121. Refusal of public support% z8 P+ \1 G% g+ I, I
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
% u9 Q/ d0 f' x- F: h7 ]
" b4 F' l" `+ _0 X s4 eCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 h. p1 d! c( v6 S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ ]- N$ z3 V) j( e
124. Boycott of elections
; ~. k9 i# R, k4 q" ~ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* l- q& f' B' n" ^* W 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 E; U4 ]& O- ^$ I 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; u9 Q* n; _8 \, A' g 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' |8 B, ^. a2 D- W8 ?# M8 J0 V
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( h3 X/ ]' b) @* c' v! }- e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 I; R3 A1 v; G. {5 n4 V- U5 U" l 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 v) f) v$ W: d 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 i1 Q) ]0 _5 ?. O3 e* M, U" p; i( w4 F+ _) g. C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% c2 d' I; w1 W4 t& g' \- G 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ i$ e5 b- `6 L* H2 W1 c 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision* n: x: i' s8 d# _- Y) N
135. Popular nonobedience
2 }6 a! L. d9 W; F$ B2 Q/ Y 136. Disguised disobedience
. E. e4 r! t7 d 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ y8 }3 U1 K3 U6 q- \ 138. Sitdown2 k# P* K# D" v# Y
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ h0 p: P3 D; J. e! w2 Z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 h" ^- z# @9 `% c) j4 R G% |
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: J/ T$ z! v- |" k: ?) V( K5 w [9 f2 d
Action by Government Personnel
* ?& R: B& `7 y- a# ? z( E: {* z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
L7 P; Y4 u1 V9 G3 {2 I( v- P 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
4 Z: i7 k1 Z9 T/ P; `5 Q 144. Stalling and obstruction
) f1 T% j/ t3 g" f 145. General administrative noncooperation
9 [1 B A. G& C- ]7 u4 o; @+ U, a7 z1 E9 }& t
146. Judicial noncooperation/ [2 q# {- M6 _; l5 v
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
* Y! V3 s0 \' ^8 S5 Q, |" } 148. Mutiny; c0 r8 u6 Y& B1 D$ _4 `
Domestic Governmental Action# G- P, V; z+ {. y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' O" @' k, g3 m% ~+ L" z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 @$ f# E$ Q( J
' M& \+ K- w8 LInternational Governmental Action. u% u, O( l9 w+ h0 X8 L
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations0 j, [8 j7 }% _- ]
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" Y, x {# u* k2 h6 j4 d0 d 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 k& N4 F1 Y- _( ]" \4 I& ?0 j 154. Severance of diplomatic relations( `9 J- i6 q$ U; o/ J) Z+ G" I. L- E# j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! d6 q" v" ^! W 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: U4 ^8 g% M% y5 ? X: k' L
157. Expulsion from international organizations
: K+ f/ k; k. w# ^
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1 m' G9 P2 m( p4 U7 _! a B
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
8 |6 J3 N4 h( i6 ^9 }! Z" Q `% _
# b, g4 T l2 c5 J( }, k5 X4 q$ \Psychological Intervention
* u! G- Z% q, Y M. V+ l1 s 158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ ]( _) v( m& c3 w e) r. D0 r 159. The fast1 ?# Y2 l. c$ V. U3 r' x
a) Fast of moral pressure: r, }9 x9 t3 O3 ?$ [0 o
b) Hunger strike. r6 ^" j! O3 y0 s
c) Satyagrahic fast
& l. \1 m1 ^* l+ y2 v0 z& j 160. Reverse trial
; m x5 E4 B& K% R% r 161. Nonviolent harassment
" B/ o; `. C1 O. A! T; v" m* j6 Q0 n& K* ~- {+ _" b; k) h
Physical Intervention/ X/ h3 Z8 Q7 x
162. Sit-in1 h5 I7 C0 J0 K. ?5 Z) Z# o2 z
163. Stand-in
8 E5 f2 H: H% k0 c$ \ 164. Ride-in1 \) M% V* a, m5 I* i2 n0 Q8 Q
165. Wade-in7 s! V9 a/ q7 W+ i* @
166. Mill-in
, K4 g+ `' b$ {& G6 S 167. Pray-in$ g; K+ s% S/ v/ T# X
168. Nonviolent raids
) n* M6 r" X, }, w 169. Nonviolent air raids9 u: N5 b& ~# I9 C
170. Nonviolent invasion
" t6 G" X- v9 f& z 171. Nonviolent interjection
3 B* a% h( I/ d. D* k 172. Nonviolent obstruction2 e4 X& K( P% x. F \
173. Nonviolent occupation
/ N v' `) u, T! w1 p) ^' [2 d9 R7 K9 d' Z2 i
Social Intervention
7 ?/ e! B Y3 N/ I 174. Establishing new social patterns
! g( ~7 E1 \ h3 b9 b; z 175. Overloading of facilities
% L8 S. R& E* _. S 176. Stall-in2 R% _$ _8 A- T0 P0 `* D
177. Speak-in
8 K3 T* ^0 Z. z" U& x/ k 178. Guerrilla theater
, |) w3 C+ b2 F5 ~" v$ ? 179. Alternative social institutions
2 Z/ G" i4 d; I% p" H$ X 180. Alternative communication system
6 v+ W9 N& h! b; A( z: @, B4 I/ `8 k+ q0 N- P# }9 q
Economic Intervention
5 H; [2 q9 A2 w9 F, x 181. Reverse strike, V: j9 z8 a1 h' e
182. Stay-in strike
% N/ v# a& }- f+ P' R 183. Nonviolent land seizure$ Z$ {' S+ } @7 m
184. Defiance of blockades0 _, o0 N; D8 T% U0 B* r8 O
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" \- F5 L2 t- o5 ?' X5 c 186. Preclusive purchasing( B; R0 w- P/ R0 _# k. H N
187. Seizure of assets9 s4 \! F8 T5 h6 J) [5 d7 M
188. Dumping A/ e9 _% i7 l+ e
189. Selective patronage* b0 \ `4 m, ^! z4 H: l7 ~0 j1 Z
190. Alternative markets. g$ U" O% R1 b+ w# |
191. Alternative transportation systems
/ D' E H% U; Z' j 192. Alternative economic institutions
& s ~5 f' N* T, Y* l$ o
1 j5 f0 i; a% d* Y( ?Political Intervention5 h, j1 p) V% l1 M" o( V
193. Overloading of administrative systems
2 M! K8 G; n6 C7 S' D% b; {2 ~ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) _& U. r0 V$ o! h0 o1 R6 |
195. Seeking imprisonment
7 b- ~/ E: m& _- M' d) V 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 G2 F: q1 }7 k 197. Work-on without collaboration
1 e- a k* C% Q2 R$ o# @2 v 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 y; _/ a8 c z5 L! w. y; ]
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
