 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, J4 O: H9 ~' I F5 O$ A8 T5 rFormal Statements
" h9 i# a1 K$ ^: l 1. Public Speeches
) w0 c- Z$ V, q! ] 2. Letters of opposition or support% l5 A1 B: k4 X- P
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
- o0 T; r: e, V2 G) c 4. Signed public statements
! g1 p* h ~- [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 x( g4 \, M4 B! [5 B$ f2 P 6. Group or mass petitions0 d7 i6 K3 ? g. f' P
8 n$ [8 w% P* G! v! ]7 }Communications with a Wider Audience- a$ ?2 I- @- [
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ p; V) d& h6 ?) G
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ U9 o* `: L# a+ a- [7 G5 k 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books/ y' l4 j7 z2 F( o# b: A* c9 s# m1 [
10. Newspapers and journals8 W- q/ @9 H3 J8 b5 C
11. Records, radio, and television
' |' f7 m8 [4 w8 s 12. Skywriting and earthwriting1 f/ J/ D# Q2 W4 o- J( ~
& Y- X) \: Q+ [9 n9 Y0 j# W
Group Representations
! q: W! X! Y% }/ W9 F; l 13. Deputations
' F: M, S. z2 f- H6 }; Q! _3 k 14. Mock awards" Y7 T& h/ V# `: r+ ]7 u+ K% s
15. Group lobbying# D% G [$ N! r, R% m
16. Picketing
4 F; j/ T& X3 ~) L! c+ ^* L 17. Mock elections
8 M5 n9 ~% \+ X1 L, g+ l, v5 m3 W& W9 L, y
Symbolic Public Acts0 n! i' I% {. W$ i4 @( n" p+ n7 E
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% }$ U" [1 p3 [- w q
19. Wearing of symbols4 f: g1 Q$ Q8 }# l( L7 x) B
20. Prayer and worship" c. ^! j" _& b2 [* x. i6 x& d
21. Delivering symbolic objects. e9 P7 D; B7 N3 s
22. Protest disrobings
. r& y4 m5 L- v 23. Destruction of own property) f$ j/ _* E% y9 Z7 D' Z, k
24. Symbolic lights( R( i- [3 _( M! ]( s
25. Displays of portraits. h5 S) r2 `5 r3 U6 Z
26. Paint as protest
9 k, D- Y0 G( `9 D* z8 U% x 27. New signs and names2 m: m! ~" j! p/ c: Z
28. Symbolic sounds, ^ ?" L' z; o0 Q* k9 [" K) n/ y
29. Symbolic reclamations# v9 t3 V1 C& k. i
30. Rude gestures
: ?0 b0 {7 |4 z& r$ N* B! C7 p# ?
/ U: C& V# [6 t$ `" LPressures on Individuals7 Y+ `$ F; h/ P! L; m
31. “Haunting” officials3 f) e* n7 G$ X, g
32. Taunting officials5 ^/ q! ~9 l" U5 H7 I
33. Fraternization
4 k# z5 }; V% A, @ 34. Vigils ]3 m# T. ~5 V) ^
5 `: a! j) z. A1 F6 C0 W* [( [9 g- b
Drama and Music
! l' Z& l# y! Y' Y 35. Humorous skits and pranks, o. o0 D7 a* ?' Y
36. Performances of plays and music! T! b$ W5 u/ F9 z- p5 y1 `
37. Singing
* v; Q+ u* E6 B( e2 _0 c0 ^. E
. p. M- _; K# |$ K2 ?% K+ GProcessions
* U# o/ P M& V" |3 b" v8 F# v 38. Marches* e7 Z) q1 G- l) k
39. Parades3 z( k+ `2 U T+ j
40. Religious processions
7 x7 k* ^$ r5 _% t( R 41. Pilgrimages
0 V4 F/ W# N9 V, C+ T9 u 42. Motorcades
: s, s4 k) O3 U7 R! }. j* _: s
* r# \" q3 G [/ K9 X- N2 qHonoring the Dead
& D3 B3 `/ o, Z* o# W4 J 43. Political mourning
' i5 f6 g! J8 f1 Z& U6 E 44. Mock funerals
, f1 {: k: K$ }! r& o 45. Demonstrative funerals# A$ y% m" z+ X M
46. Homage at burial places3 Q7 N; ]3 ^2 K5 m# ]- [" i9 v
9 `/ z/ w5 W! M( n4 E
Public Assemblies: K+ o& n3 C* j, c! ~0 _# v6 Y
47. Assemblies of protest or support/ V. H7 d( b7 w4 `* H
48. Protest meetings
6 U0 r* F' y3 {! b* g 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 T/ W) A1 l4 q3 u6 L F& b 50. Teach-ins
: ^2 f" k h* G6 J. K, U
) g" f$ c5 o7 f: h Y& J( ]Withdrawal and Renunciation
; m+ X1 q3 _4 X, o 51. Walk-outs& ~0 X4 _) x+ z! l
52. Silence( i |9 a- k( i
53. Renouncing honors* Q% a9 u6 f3 P2 j! n
54. Turning one’s back0 O* M8 z0 ^; L$ S$ [" v" L$ E
N2 K* q _0 W5 h7 G* P6 @ x / E" F3 Z9 V) O- ^
, a2 J0 I# |+ R1 _+ h" b, b3 V2 {6 TTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION; [* K7 W, T% X% s$ g0 J7 M* Y
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Ostracism of Persons; Y& W3 y+ k( w- J* j
55. Social boycott$ z7 J! m3 u S
56. Selective social boycott& O! b7 F8 ^7 O; ]
57. Lysistratic nonaction5 x9 g2 I' P2 W. u0 ^7 N ?8 O# r
58. Excommunication+ o( ` e0 z2 e* G9 j# a. O
59. Interdict+ R0 {6 p0 G ?; f
) w1 l1 g m: d# B" iNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 N' ?! t7 a/ L1 L5 c" g. R
60. Suspension of social and sports activities& y. s5 v/ h' f1 u
61. Boycott of social affairs' v- ~8 Z- K3 r" m
62. Student strike( G2 J" k0 t* G
63. Social disobedience
+ ]: S" P1 l" c. s4 _ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions t5 c8 N7 g0 T4 i6 T4 a5 |% a8 d* I0 R
9 y+ c. r, ^- V( B; I- N+ T/ nWithdrawal from the Social System6 S8 L7 w) R% @- Y
65. Stay-at-home, z7 R" H: x* s6 n
66. Total personal noncooperation
9 ?3 g* [( z% o) p7 ]2 { 67. “Flight” of workers( x) d, }/ w# C: }7 z% v
68. Sanctuary
W& C- x9 E7 C3 W0 i0 G/ P6 [ 69. Collective disappearance( @* o: ]" e8 O0 X% L2 s% u7 x* a/ v. }
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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8 |9 D/ s0 q: c. M$ kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
Y0 A3 b, k$ K0 r 71. Consumers’ boycott( B8 d# `, s | @$ Y- f8 {9 Q# h
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 Y) q. w6 L# H. o0 _& Z/ C$ i$ ?1 c 73. Policy of austerity
+ B( }% Q$ q+ R8 _; _5 w 74. Rent withholding+ B9 |6 f& [2 }& m
75. Refusal to rent# z" ]% C; O+ G8 \$ t
76. National consumers’ boycott- e/ }5 S! v+ B
77. International consumers’ boycott1 C! |2 J: Q* ^5 x" {1 [
/ R Q2 ?$ \! {Action by Workers and Producers
$ \. g$ a5 g/ n: s; {) h0 O+ G 78. Workmen’s boycott
3 U9 R' y9 z# y" Y% z. L+ Y# l 79. Producers’ boycott
+ m. |+ [, G' H+ G+ a0 {
2 O: ~4 g6 v8 S: @9 U& v& T9 FAction by Middlemen6 D6 L" ^( M# e e
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% _% ^" K9 I" b
) l( a: F2 f1 m0 ?Action by Owners and Management! ~8 n9 w3 G# z0 k# L. H
81. Traders’ boycott$ r* y$ @- X+ }0 `* U) L
82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 _2 N6 l% ` {- v/ {$ U3 l% D+ M 83. Lockout
& S- A- l0 k$ U, h 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- C% x+ f, [1 l% k 85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ l4 {) K9 |/ E
* l- g' k% q! t/ z) ^, f& c0 ?3 ^Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 U* x( O" g, W4 D0 | 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
2 I0 C' R! }8 P 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) T. `7 s% p2 @( R9 M; a
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
2 d1 T: _& e; {- z/ n 89. Severance of funds and credit
9 w& ^1 _ j2 I7 w: O 90. Revenue refusal. v, U! V! y' q" C$ r0 F! }% U
91. Refusal of a government’s money
. v j |5 e% ~
/ c3 X8 P3 Z) _/ O4 H" KAction by Governments
! o3 n+ I3 y, l- X6 r( M 92. Domestic embargo+ V7 j& I7 G; T2 a
93. Blacklisting of traders% m' @; S# w- R1 `8 Y* k+ g( ~0 _
94. International sellers’ embargo( i. g0 [* z6 `
95. International buyers’ embargo) K" v; s1 j5 T; G: Y
96. International trade embargo
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* @3 t( Q5 T; ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
! n, R7 G2 z o2 y& T. m2 b 97. Protest strike
+ [8 p$ t" i; |- ` g% N% L- F 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. F( K4 l t; q0 [
! l) R, p0 c; SAgricultural Strikes
Z- M$ @4 k o* G# j 99. Peasant strike
/ V2 o* L& W! N 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ d9 F( @6 `( X5 e8 ^- C. \0 K
% H3 r# H/ j1 s, F* ]& \/ RStrikes by Special Groups5 z/ g4 I6 w- W7 s& j) W% A3 Z1 g) I
101. Refusal of impressed labor
) ~. K3 O& d( M+ S& T% \5 N 102. Prisoners’ strike
8 B' Y+ A: O+ ?7 [( O& S$ w 103. Craft strike: c9 w5 I* F* e( ~- K6 m
104. Professional strike
: S; Z4 a. x$ l# D. o
/ w+ Z" s1 g9 I6 w& I8 D. BOrdinary Industrial Strikes! }2 t l: I; _- t$ Q
105. Establishment strike3 j0 Z% N u; o7 E, h8 \
106. Industry strike
% g9 v" D1 z8 K) E& D8 \2 U9 F8 h 107. Sympathetic strike
. I9 t$ E% X# I2 G9 L& p
5 X7 |1 J: C$ C4 f m" M4 Z4 ERestricted Strikes# s9 z4 g' @: \( E/ U) q3 p
108. Detailed strike
! e( T3 j2 i. K 109. Bumper strike
/ f) f8 \" ~4 y; y) S" G% c 110. Slowdown strike
2 c% {( E5 l8 d& I 111. Working-to-rule strike
, T% a# C4 E5 e5 e* W 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* J( ~/ P* x8 o5 L" K' N 113. Strike by resignation
+ }, V1 d1 s% X$ A7 p 114. Limited strike
, S9 K* u: i" ?. u" d- j5 S8 Z 115. Selective strike
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& b- }/ D- t; g1 E) gMulti-Industry Strikes
2 f d9 t% }. H1 h# [7 s8 D
F* o5 n( d6 {, P) B. M 116. Generalized strike7 W/ N9 r# y* H, W- m
/ n3 q/ [! _& U8 V 117. General strike
3 P. E q0 f ^3 y5 r" O# _0 ?# h5 q7 v$ j
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures! L* K6 ]- v. {
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118. Hartal
+ c* \: {9 o: D! l0 V. Z/ P. C) [& ?: g$ v5 b
119. Economic shutdown: }& _% o' h# p* I! O( b! L$ m! _
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
6 n$ W/ [) w' {' C5 J" H 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance" I! ?( H9 z/ W6 n- P
121. Refusal of public support' v1 k) f6 P( i2 C3 F5 r& s( F
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 u. j2 S$ i( P$ b) N" z! [. u; ?, @& E3 e# E; h J! c4 K
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ W8 q* h9 y9 m 123. Boycott of legislative bodies* \6 `3 V9 t1 e
124. Boycott of elections8 B Y g+ m! C1 L0 W# P0 f1 l
125. Boycott of government employment and positions |2 N+ k: j0 p. n0 W* U9 ]& c3 Y) s6 w, ~ C
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies2 ]8 V/ f/ a t
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ g" \$ M9 a7 @* m6 ^" F 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ ?6 n, h+ Q9 R* f
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 f9 u/ k$ S8 i: C: Y: u5 u
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& o( v& N+ Q$ R; m7 N6 C( t 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" Z* _+ F1 L3 c1 S, g/ F: _ e3 D
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ [& f& C- E4 N/ {1 A; W1 L
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; }$ q) M' L; Q5 U- X* [! H 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 U; f4 N( b2 W: Q; z" @ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
, f9 S0 o) ]! i- C, z 135. Popular nonobedience" I/ Q' K- \2 T2 `# g5 d3 f) V1 r
136. Disguised disobedience( n% z% m9 p$ n
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 l' d0 A- R$ g* e6 n! i
138. Sitdown
4 t% r; F' d! s( e1 N1 { 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ n+ `$ r, {/ ]+ V3 G ?. }
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 d+ V+ X u) i 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 N; O) P3 W; c. @- O
" r1 D4 @- P9 ~' ]: bAction by Government Personnel
; g. A4 s/ @* |: ]% o! e! A 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 B; ~# U- g7 A7 j' f( j* i6 K j/ I 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( B4 @' l0 t! j# W' t 144. Stalling and obstruction
2 C( A. X0 f. [2 s) g) N# C2 Q 145. General administrative noncooperation, H! H+ U1 q; A6 a8 L1 U: k4 ]" U( W1 q
6 h8 v# R1 h( H9 q" p
146. Judicial noncooperation# U* }( V$ W" F% W; F8 k7 }. Z+ |
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
8 j ~) X2 n3 x5 ]& K# m 148. Mutiny0 d; w+ {: e7 }6 T/ @( @$ W& S
Domestic Governmental Action/ l, b' m6 [! d' i4 l8 k7 `
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays! z$ N( @* L. f1 P. A, B7 Y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 U" i4 V; ?: I
2 G4 p; Y% g) t: k: p& i! pInternational Governmental Action/ O$ j) M" d# D0 W0 @0 H
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations2 W0 H9 S% \. d" z, M, f
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' c8 ~! r2 V% Z9 k* ^; h
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition& Z1 \; O& Z+ n1 H9 J! j
154. Severance of diplomatic relations" f- V0 B& I! M2 C. S$ O, X$ D
155. Withdrawal from international organizations' |" ?, O) t7 n9 r+ S
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 v! G6 X# X$ | 157. Expulsion from international organizations% ]" A7 F4 w" o( e
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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+ S, P4 l2 y1 |% Y8 q2 L$ [1 qPsychological Intervention
: y# {) T$ q' i' `. A, P7 ] 158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 f L) s& A6 f4 ?/ {/ X$ U 159. The fast
; z- S7 M: o- K9 Q; ~ a) Fast of moral pressure0 R3 ~% E! n) ~
b) Hunger strike
0 g, c, }: T* M, a/ [! }0 I3 y/ n N c) Satyagrahic fast
4 U& |0 a! S1 u2 d 160. Reverse trial6 C+ U! ~$ R% w: C# X) U$ @- ? N9 o
161. Nonviolent harassment
* S0 e& d) m+ i d6 D5 o% {+ t, P }
Physical Intervention& n, @% ]+ L9 V* c2 r9 Z
162. Sit-in& s* b1 K4 ~9 g- }7 E
163. Stand-in! M, N4 v" [' C/ t2 _
164. Ride-in8 x: e \( N% S1 R- r
165. Wade-in
8 K4 c1 A3 V0 Y 166. Mill-in5 e: ` H. u$ [3 ~8 E. B
167. Pray-in
0 K8 F+ j5 H3 r! S3 Q9 l! @9 m 168. Nonviolent raids
) B+ M8 z' ~$ L 169. Nonviolent air raids
m2 V5 O4 j6 C) j5 i 170. Nonviolent invasion2 ]9 L" t" f0 U+ @+ x5 ]
171. Nonviolent interjection
7 l- N4 j! i6 D 172. Nonviolent obstruction
* G5 R3 T W% s6 R P2 ^ 173. Nonviolent occupation
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: s: s$ L$ I8 G5 r3 K, SSocial Intervention8 R! _9 N5 G* U" L
174. Establishing new social patterns
& p/ g- `- F$ O8 U4 F 175. Overloading of facilities5 n' S# l/ C% \) c& f, J+ t
176. Stall-in+ V& |# M* F- V+ U9 A4 x3 i9 l
177. Speak-in. s B: |4 H' B
178. Guerrilla theater
1 E/ e y# F5 V- O [* S" y 179. Alternative social institutions
' i' B' G) h" J2 p6 `: e 180. Alternative communication system
& V; V! s/ f# h, o$ ~/ N
& a; k; s7 J7 u. uEconomic Intervention
, E- n& L0 V& |6 Q4 ?0 R 181. Reverse strike
* N. t# z0 k6 ] 182. Stay-in strike" _: d( [+ ?8 o7 m# J. X
183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ r6 B* I# I% q 184. Defiance of blockades
x- A- Q/ T$ h 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ y5 c% Y3 C) u4 v, o- @: w7 v
186. Preclusive purchasing
) }5 D! c4 X3 _ 187. Seizure of assets7 V& G$ p: F# D! t. c/ W Y* q \
188. Dumping
! v# |. q/ `. w0 k8 U. | 189. Selective patronage1 Y; Y# N1 v9 k$ e, B3 }6 z
190. Alternative markets0 d8 f4 s7 n }
191. Alternative transportation systems: t b+ F3 K9 H3 O
192. Alternative economic institutions/ s" W5 H: L) W3 Z
+ r; G! H$ T) ~4 S( GPolitical Intervention
% Y, S7 n5 Q3 | 193. Overloading of administrative systems
v" L6 a* X% L- i, p6 t' \ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! z5 Y% Y7 X0 l H- R$ ^' T }5 t: O
195. Seeking imprisonment" k/ x* R6 y2 X9 ^5 x; X
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 a* B: \/ u6 a' O6 N 197. Work-on without collaboration+ Y3 w' ~6 w3 E5 f, u
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
