 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION) s: q7 e6 D* `/ N( C/ Y. ?
Formal Statements
' r5 y# C/ |( ] 1. Public Speeches7 s; h3 w3 ?# t! C
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ z e8 P* k7 e2 P 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* l5 P+ c2 j" N) a# a( s
4. Signed public statements
) p( s. `5 E2 y- O, E; ], } 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- ?2 Y2 Z b$ @) w9 | 6. Group or mass petitions
b1 K( h, W0 j7 r0 P8 G% x. r, [7 J" G0 l, a+ v% d' L
Communications with a Wider Audience2 L9 N. x X5 I( Q% H k
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
5 d) W& ?3 |& ?$ | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& n) V/ G2 }+ X6 V3 n/ i
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 q! F1 f- V4 s2 C( |6 I" ?; d 10. Newspapers and journals) R/ W- k+ L2 W
11. Records, radio, and television1 |0 v+ F0 v" p) T/ i
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
4 V: G9 P0 ^' V
7 Q( D. p6 r$ h9 U) a+ ^3 cGroup Representations+ n) T1 ~- E0 A1 z- d$ M
13. Deputations
/ t w# g. Z& g- \+ k5 C 14. Mock awards
+ a- n' o7 D' K- S, M9 w 15. Group lobbying% `: Z# @# p) E5 n% `$ V+ ~% I
16. Picketing& M/ i; u5 y( s4 k7 j4 a
17. Mock elections
8 |; X, b6 e8 }0 w7 n: A" R# p
9 C6 K6 A" ~5 {' qSymbolic Public Acts
4 k& p$ G/ V- i' B% M" u0 o 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' _3 q' U; s0 h# o9 T/ C
19. Wearing of symbols
2 f* H3 I* S3 c1 k 20. Prayer and worship
8 A) a/ @4 m/ b" u+ | 21. Delivering symbolic objects2 J" v. |6 W( L
22. Protest disrobings
4 ~0 O( \5 Y( G$ _. F( W' m 23. Destruction of own property
2 c$ C' _( J$ D5 C3 u5 h% }, @ 24. Symbolic lights
& o2 b6 x- A: h' h 25. Displays of portraits
0 H- G1 U7 f4 z* r 26. Paint as protest: a; \3 ]% x% n: Z' ~' x
27. New signs and names
" Z0 F& m5 P4 {3 b 28. Symbolic sounds
0 R. t; Y$ C4 `) d* V 29. Symbolic reclamations
* h" _$ ^2 D0 r, l- D7 Z 30. Rude gestures
, g# r* f2 |/ a4 W; C+ b/ O' A- d% E, B! a8 T8 }) E$ a
Pressures on Individuals
. T' `- P1 K# ?, g 31. “Haunting” officials5 n1 {- [+ z$ t3 Y p
32. Taunting officials$ c/ \& f: U+ G9 m, H
33. Fraternization+ Z8 x7 |7 d0 n; F3 i
34. Vigils
8 N) E- H2 \* W! A" | K h1 _" `, K; s/ j: |: q
Drama and Music5 ?6 K3 z4 Y7 ?1 }- h
35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 J: R+ }3 ?0 I Z. z: ] 36. Performances of plays and music" Z+ h# C( n: |0 ~+ y) K
37. Singing& i7 S9 f* C' a& e0 B% u
: L8 [* a7 ~. ?Processions% x! Y# k3 J$ K/ R; p
38. Marches4 n9 @5 H# E) y
39. Parades
% ?+ G; o9 J5 I1 Z' |" U2 l' r ^ 40. Religious processions
$ ?$ W8 T! C. K) j! u0 Z 41. Pilgrimages/ k6 [, |7 M) l. G! X* s6 Y, g3 C
42. Motorcades
; N5 J# [! M0 E1 ?% j$ R# R: P2 b
7 M( U& |. ~$ l( A8 s( EHonoring the Dead: `: w; `5 `' H- b3 f% ~3 g
43. Political mourning' |4 f' K; ?+ A- T1 d; T
44. Mock funerals* p, ^- F: k. h( [
45. Demonstrative funerals+ \: e. }" _- v0 E- F( c
46. Homage at burial places+ {+ a/ b( u& n
, s/ E, u5 w# Z4 I/ X s- `Public Assemblies9 ?" j @- W6 u9 ?, z" ` D
47. Assemblies of protest or support
) j. e6 p% Y8 ? 48. Protest meetings
0 V/ a! R" L1 Z" c+ R2 H 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( d5 ]7 Q, r Q! N 50. Teach-ins0 q8 o/ x5 |1 q+ X
# W6 R6 ^: Y+ F- |# x9 O
Withdrawal and Renunciation0 i6 X% F4 R) F7 F; @: z
51. Walk-outs
3 W( E% {1 w. R# p4 J) s9 L; u. p& R 52. Silence
' r9 K( J. h/ F$ y6 s; b 53. Renouncing honors
- n( u3 ^$ C6 n: i9 a 54. Turning one’s back/ Y3 U# r/ b# P7 g1 J2 K4 E/ c
% }$ E4 ?! ?! o; o
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ T: s; h1 [8 z* q& [ n( f) e( P% b7 w
; R% F/ t) @5 Y- M
0 j3 k. D. ~1 P2 D# v" c% a4 [4 x* \, Q; o- ~7 P* f4 C. W! K
Ostracism of Persons3 p1 B: E8 a6 j0 {# ^$ X
55. Social boycott
" M6 S1 J+ {1 J 56. Selective social boycott
+ P1 T5 E9 H S8 x( L 57. Lysistratic nonaction; K+ e( k& `5 B% q6 I+ s0 A
58. Excommunication
" i. z+ u6 v) |. S$ j# o2 T/ b 59. Interdict
: ]/ D1 X+ b' o8 J3 B) ]$ t
- e, g& A1 ~* i5 zNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
# E5 J" i- g' L! f 60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ K$ B- B/ `+ b2 \8 v0 M
61. Boycott of social affairs
6 U3 j8 ^4 y6 ]5 K1 p( g 62. Student strike
- g+ n3 O* b! s: J6 d- i 63. Social disobedience
8 o* a% z* T) \% o 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 M/ U: m& E" e+ Q7 U# @' }: u8 H8 ]( n1 I) y: _9 i
Withdrawal from the Social System, J7 A) H9 [9 ]& y; _# u. I
65. Stay-at-home
_! j4 b% K9 {+ Y; n! Y4 _2 u 66. Total personal noncooperation
/ B- J% _ [' F) P3 ?) \ 67. “Flight” of workers: M+ M% @6 m" L, ^
68. Sanctuary
$ \! O0 |9 V+ T 69. Collective disappearance
# Q& V& g5 }( p9 o 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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; L9 \5 X2 M \- [5 |( d! ~8 O9 o! I) f% g" ?3 {; l- _. Z0 c
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- h- k( J/ A: h* b* `
! o6 B# K3 s9 ?8 W- j$ R ( k0 M8 n8 {& s+ Q
Actions by Consumers
6 C5 ?% x5 U9 U/ |8 `' e& }. G 71. Consumers’ boycott3 _2 S! V% Y; ]
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( C- b! L4 [' S# @: j1 m 73. Policy of austerity4 {7 B' ?) l4 c) L' w7 r$ j# T
74. Rent withholding2 c3 q- l! |3 Z |( r; r4 a
75. Refusal to rent
/ A$ V* D+ [) p& z% w 76. National consumers’ boycott
$ O( E' g4 S: K3 V$ C" @" o 77. International consumers’ boycott
& D7 U! r, ?: i5 g4 V" J% e* g+ `, L
6 {$ Y; W3 Y6 H* w" n5 ^Action by Workers and Producers
- X- K; @/ R' ~: |$ n! y5 A0 \, e 78. Workmen’s boycott
3 |+ i+ M+ N8 _* S 79. Producers’ boycott0 \, a( r! T' q
4 M" H0 q. _9 l- G& n
Action by Middlemen- w$ m# Z- Y0 @1 g
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott2 r/ }% Y8 K) r- x7 Q5 I# d
3 G8 @* B7 N' j, l2 t9 p( ^0 J
Action by Owners and Management. I8 x `4 I2 }5 q
81. Traders’ boycott
- ~# H" L* w0 x 82. Refusal to let or sell property
* ~0 A9 t) o: o1 c- W& d 83. Lockout
" `0 V; g& a" ]' u 84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 n- {9 j! w/ T! t. N ~
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 d2 _$ Y4 [' ?5 V+ U* t
$ K- O& z1 ^- CAction by Holders of Financial Resources+ X1 W! F* o" ?
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
0 ~: H& a9 v; ^% J4 ~9 S4 j 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
. |+ C) a$ P1 ~4 A 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 U) }# J! s6 g5 L" l 89. Severance of funds and credit' ]$ b& ]5 L5 i( M
90. Revenue refusal W; ~; M$ k* H$ [9 P( [9 p- w# \
91. Refusal of a government’s money
b3 E; n$ {. P0 h6 L# ], T) _4 f/ @6 y6 F
Action by Governments" w' X! L0 p: B1 M# q- y ~
92. Domestic embargo
4 l/ w8 r9 b& e, M$ Y* V 93. Blacklisting of traders
+ e/ t* v& @( E1 K' K 94. International sellers’ embargo) j5 i) f( c0 B7 a$ B
95. International buyers’ embargo
& |2 {, A7 ?: O" ? 96. International trade embargo
& u/ H" u3 u+ U5 I( z
! }7 {0 b" e$ N/ L/ T! u; d $ ^; V$ o) Y6 @8 t! w/ S% \
" S( w$ i3 O: F) ^( s: [3 H1 ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE7 i: f6 _- [9 p. G9 H5 F
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# |" v' c1 R6 n3 j. `. `; j9 f# aSymbolic Strikes
- g; P# O; H1 f8 P; l8 B 97. Protest strike% G" s3 t6 Z- Q3 v: ?
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: Q+ P- a' i' D7 W3 D- e* V( \ S% C2 h- N
Agricultural Strikes
# S9 M7 N; Q+ `1 | 99. Peasant strike1 s) K. i' c2 @9 y; L
100. Farm Workers’ strike) l" x( T+ z" P/ g: e
3 ]6 p6 r S0 |# p% t. mStrikes by Special Groups
w, q. G ?; R+ \( @9 ?* P 101. Refusal of impressed labor
5 v- \. q) I d* U1 G5 Y 102. Prisoners’ strike& d* l2 T3 Y4 ?& S
103. Craft strike7 q$ I y: q7 h9 \9 d4 H* m
104. Professional strike
) v" X. X/ V$ A: R& A0 k$ j9 c' v" R! O4 ?. k6 k( X
Ordinary Industrial Strikes9 {" w# S5 t7 C' u% U: |% x" j" d
105. Establishment strike
9 T7 @4 h3 ^1 G 106. Industry strike
3 ~. } p. c( `* B1 f/ g 107. Sympathetic strike
3 X0 Z" X4 u. C; d( ^. U f& A p' i9 c, m
Restricted Strikes% k8 ?2 ~- b8 x, E# K& W. o9 w; C
108. Detailed strike
3 k J, z: k& A" D1 m6 o+ q/ g 109. Bumper strike
& h- m- i, D$ N& k 110. Slowdown strike
9 P8 j0 M1 |" E4 Z0 K3 n0 |! ` 111. Working-to-rule strike
$ U) y- V! E- O" R6 m8 @ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 w: \! _! R! K" v/ e 113. Strike by resignation
( p' Y2 g8 Q$ {0 H 114. Limited strike& _4 c8 P3 w( J3 g8 m- `
115. Selective strike$ k( b/ w' S* {1 {- d2 J0 b' T+ g
2 R( C# _, p( D. @2 [2 Q6 OMulti-Industry Strikes% c1 o" Q/ Z" \) _
% d" ?! r) v6 H4 B9 @6 {# i 116. Generalized strike* ]' N- F0 X }+ i, ]: w9 h
8 u) m# ~) f' G 117. General strike8 G4 f1 l) S. o2 M
- U) {. p E. w7 P
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures1 S% J- V7 W4 T
6 {% G- { s* m: r6 ~
118. Hartal' q8 ~- ^) y, V& ^( X
* t0 J* K* I4 R" L2 D/ {4 u5 X
119. Economic shutdown
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7 ~* {( j- O0 S' z3 m& [1 B+ L
) E% U+ r9 w s' x. C# {9 VTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 Y* Q1 l* W3 L0 \
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& I: \9 a5 ~- T+ f6 T+ D8 HRejection of Authority
, A* h1 S4 H8 m! U& y, k J1 h 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 s! o0 }3 o O+ B3 B/ W# P6 b 121. Refusal of public support4 z* d% u. d( }8 @
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 v/ L& A) g5 l* c2 ^) ^; q
- I: t$ q" D i5 }% Z3 x* Z M
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government. i# X4 E6 s+ x/ m+ h
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ _# }( Q0 c. n9 ^. ^9 t7 c
124. Boycott of elections
7 [6 w8 k$ j* q/ O% p7 C 125. Boycott of government employment and positions, _9 w: p% T& J+ O' v, ~% a) C
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies e/ G& h' K# ^
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 B$ O$ |% ~; [: e' C' F 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. j* M) R8 d# ~) c1 G5 A
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( o0 P6 @0 b" A; y& Z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" |/ \0 G- z* a5 [) o h6 | 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% v* y* B: B/ r% {. U 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
' P. z, Y$ D" ^ R! @5 ]2 |# _9 z- W' I, O9 Y; m
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ |/ V" R4 E7 x! ^% l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance" z5 P* `: R# K
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: @- ?1 p% [1 x+ f$ m# h0 N
135. Popular nonobedience! ]/ a1 }/ K! p; `$ u) C
136. Disguised disobedience: Y- n* n! w/ P* `' _* x& ]
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" L* R! U: L: R* I$ O 138. Sitdown% h- D2 y4 y/ M l2 J1 y. d
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: ^8 N, Q" j( \: ]% e( u/ a 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ E' I; L4 ^- f3 t
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, c+ b8 z! \! g0 k. b2 h. P9 @
7 @# ^8 c8 m `
Action by Government Personnel
0 n3 W* S# y& E5 d3 n; R; K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! x$ a* R1 E# g/ h4 q( p+ E' [ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information) r, M. ^9 b- n y. }) s/ X
144. Stalling and obstruction
; H" A8 ~0 o a+ V( u$ l 145. General administrative noncooperation
" V; w- D8 h6 `7 M X! V! i% x
/ P& i, ~& [( M' \8 W8 X/ a* @ 146. Judicial noncooperation. Z5 B: ]' c5 A- [6 {$ x5 U
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 C& i8 x; n8 d 148. Mutiny0 m$ y/ c, H! F. H5 H' Q
Domestic Governmental Action
# D7 D* o$ |- s. N6 G2 D 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 I6 F, C/ U0 F, H4 h* o! h% b 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. v% g8 v' G2 z) V
$ \" c2 m# o6 s7 q Q2 KInternational Governmental Action# D) k% P% R$ b6 c) T/ I' n* d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) U6 f# X7 [3 L2 x
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 p4 |6 m, e6 i7 Q( ^% U1 o5 y L& p# n
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 i9 F( z; T D) k
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' R: G6 d6 s7 W! ^1 f 155. Withdrawal from international organizations: F( f0 w1 P l/ P4 f; H# D0 i
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; Z3 o* `, C# U" | 157. Expulsion from international organizations
' A' d9 L) e y: y6 |6 L# h! } f, B- T' M- r1 d: |- ~6 ]
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
, s/ H M5 H4 U7 |9 w6 [! V5 Z* P$ e* ^* m$ p' V4 V) Y# T. r
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Psychological Intervention
/ F+ r E* O! K2 h, O. y: T9 _ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
' o$ _' L' v# x& L* _ 159. The fast# Y- p8 t% I3 {* D0 [/ J
a) Fast of moral pressure
& g$ v+ C, }' g6 W) k* u b) Hunger strike
6 a) ~/ K' e# _8 T& }- g c) Satyagrahic fast z0 @5 \0 e: B: Q9 q: S/ f$ \
160. Reverse trial
! p6 E- r+ D7 S- l 161. Nonviolent harassment5 E& Q% A! _& c4 Q9 p
/ u3 w/ G! [1 p3 @5 e' m7 O# ~Physical Intervention
. E# G2 ]+ X. M6 W" F9 |6 c& T 162. Sit-in
" Q/ O* `1 z1 U0 a. [: \ 163. Stand-in
0 [! J6 G% i6 h" j" j 164. Ride-in1 i$ L7 R3 j' j0 D( ~. s. j
165. Wade-in* J) s$ {6 K" D; k% R& ]4 d: e
166. Mill-in
7 G) d6 D S1 G' s 167. Pray-in
1 g4 L' ?# }. {* ~. c 168. Nonviolent raids
0 R& m3 |7 U& S9 R* l* I& h 169. Nonviolent air raids* s1 W6 s/ {; Y8 P6 ]- _' B
170. Nonviolent invasion
, w+ k7 |0 T6 T* G 171. Nonviolent interjection$ ?$ p0 i3 v+ r
172. Nonviolent obstruction! r2 B0 |* m8 U( |$ q: k9 K
173. Nonviolent occupation* C! G+ y6 x' F3 H+ C5 L8 c1 T
5 K( r; G$ k4 P) a8 o- V3 G
Social Intervention
/ `& f4 j; p _ A+ Q# Y! o* R 174. Establishing new social patterns
* Z% |7 ~. Q4 \/ X: x, ^ 175. Overloading of facilities' R0 V- d& n s- T$ O
176. Stall-in
1 s8 t. k4 Y) d/ R 177. Speak-in
4 ]" f& |$ G% t1 P 178. Guerrilla theater8 g. E! P9 f8 F1 K+ p7 S
179. Alternative social institutions! J9 [* ?) T1 ?& s, ]* ^
180. Alternative communication system1 y& [3 x, m7 X! H9 s
- M4 m# z3 d: s# v& {" E# `
Economic Intervention
. p' v" V4 s4 D6 q7 X( C 181. Reverse strike+ F7 ~2 e* V0 i4 @
182. Stay-in strike& q2 ?+ M6 I8 N
183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 `, P! T' E7 F0 d3 _: f 184. Defiance of blockades! A$ T6 t9 I- p6 ]$ C
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 c$ ?; D9 F3 g
186. Preclusive purchasing
& k+ v/ p' w* }( m* i) J 187. Seizure of assets( n; {/ n7 P, l$ a
188. Dumping
d/ Z4 K8 U; \1 L$ [% } 189. Selective patronage- c) \" `4 W! z6 A; k
190. Alternative markets
# R% @, Y! N- d* X( Q9 K 191. Alternative transportation systems9 N- ?+ H) S. m) S [* h# ]
192. Alternative economic institutions: K" t6 c: s$ w( ]& l6 V
1 D3 i9 i4 `+ U
Political Intervention
& @6 O) g# ?# E4 x& { 193. Overloading of administrative systems" t1 e) F1 O+ C8 u
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# D- Z+ n3 Q* j
195. Seeking imprisonment
1 [0 N$ ]# k1 G- d/ e. \$ q; i 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ _/ X$ |; b: o+ x* y A9 z- W
197. Work-on without collaboration' v: t7 m# H. R* ]* X; h
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
