 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
0 u) C' L2 O4 pFormal Statements, Z; R. M. }& b5 B+ E ? O
1. Public Speeches
3 c" k2 l" ?/ h4 m 2. Letters of opposition or support
$ w ?% N" x5 J# Q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 x( |* Q. v) ^/ A5 v 4. Signed public statements
" h. A1 h% c; w9 Q: o3 e K 5. Declarations of indictment and intention _) |9 e b: Y- c0 @
6. Group or mass petitions( K1 s/ O/ G9 c0 N3 ?7 r+ ]
6 s4 C* x- W3 q/ U
Communications with a Wider Audience( b& Y4 h g8 {( K
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 W$ p& W* k2 {) a 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 I' N: G' w0 k$ u+ s 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! d" t% H: l9 K7 p$ ~/ ^) G2 v 10. Newspapers and journals
% V T0 g1 F. L3 r* f! V2 M 11. Records, radio, and television
4 j4 l6 b3 k+ L, U 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
4 j7 ]! f* {+ @( ]$ r/ T, U3 w% J, ]# C; q
Group Representations
6 G7 A3 [" `% i: @: S# g8 U d; ] 13. Deputations
; i$ v: p# c: Q' o/ T 14. Mock awards! x' e- m7 f B
15. Group lobbying
: |+ m* E8 v' I+ a5 N9 p' W 16. Picketing
) |( y4 e( N0 k4 c2 m _0 o$ R v 17. Mock elections
. v" a+ D& N7 n% _8 `- B- \1 n
& _) x% s. F2 cSymbolic Public Acts# C7 @, N& N7 Q6 E
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 H, _; f0 y9 u$ |7 P
19. Wearing of symbols8 l" c. n r. }. b, f# Y, u
20. Prayer and worship/ q$ |7 k1 ?+ n$ y
21. Delivering symbolic objects
4 O) ?1 [0 P& c* u$ G% ^ 22. Protest disrobings
6 E. v' J# P% J+ U F' j- _ 23. Destruction of own property
8 `. y8 H( X5 U$ L. g' n5 W 24. Symbolic lights
* K! x$ g; Q, h/ V; B7 {- G 25. Displays of portraits; o% O% B/ i J$ W# n
26. Paint as protest
1 R8 U1 z: K% J; o3 d! r 27. New signs and names
% {% [2 R5 h, d4 B" D1 j 28. Symbolic sounds" T1 }* q; [9 _# ]3 y2 T
29. Symbolic reclamations# U* m' u+ {3 J |7 O
30. Rude gestures1 ~# h! l# d' v- Z$ `* }
% ~( L K7 j% k7 [Pressures on Individuals/ m+ c- ^& K: A) q) X- v
31. “Haunting” officials
" J6 _+ ~( C: e1 ]8 e* u 32. Taunting officials
2 D+ c& U" H8 D! [ 33. Fraternization
% A9 B+ [0 f9 t% c1 U8 v. ~$ Q! o 34. Vigils3 s/ d: M! `+ p8 l" B+ x; O( P
: Q% x7 T7 P, ]" A7 `. h( QDrama and Music) ]& e# ]4 G0 x0 }) l) @! e0 G* R; A
35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 H% Q3 ^* @" x3 q1 x4 j* ] 36. Performances of plays and music. \ I( I$ ^2 Q& o, E) @' c$ p
37. Singing' O o; j: _ z+ z$ i, Y
, N) Y5 X( M& O7 t" N
Processions4 v1 D) X7 w7 S9 J
38. Marches. V- g$ H1 f, n
39. Parades
+ \; ` X' V9 J& E 40. Religious processions! y2 y5 a1 A% g5 \( H0 _2 h$ O
41. Pilgrimages- K1 ?- e6 {' w5 u5 ^
42. Motorcades0 B. ^* V8 b+ H' F
2 t. S* ? O) \' t( O
Honoring the Dead; f |+ U) n9 H& z; }' |
43. Political mourning/ b0 _- q, O6 i* w8 L! y( k
44. Mock funerals, B! S: v+ D r! D% F5 w5 ]
45. Demonstrative funerals
: C, q) ]+ m# _! E 46. Homage at burial places
9 h4 ~4 r: o* T2 {/ A
* h2 V/ i K( H, D+ B2 WPublic Assemblies
/ g+ a2 v- A8 Z( z# r6 r 47. Assemblies of protest or support, ~; ^3 w4 U: T' s, j2 O
48. Protest meetings4 Z4 H/ v. O: J7 X# U! c# o
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ M* s+ x8 \1 g: y 50. Teach-ins9 Y" a. n- j3 T& P. C: M/ }9 H
% W) k8 Q/ |% @9 y) ]Withdrawal and Renunciation3 X7 @, V# U R. L: y3 w
51. Walk-outs0 f" Y/ d4 O: ^ b) z: R) N: _
52. Silence
/ T% H) ?5 b: w; g9 g+ f 53. Renouncing honors
, M- q1 z* O& J4 S' t! u 54. Turning one’s back! p" |6 z5 @' j( S R, h* u9 T) S
) V5 R) G4 }' C8 m0 L8 t) o9 L. q
' |" i" R; \* p: Z1 ]( D5 J4 I0 O7 n' V7 y0 v
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION3 N0 e+ s0 x1 o
3 X0 p$ Y$ P5 y8 B/ b
) F6 Q4 D" Y( }8 C6 p4 w
. L. V1 l/ }5 l2 pOstracism of Persons
9 G- }) a+ W2 [% D4 m# ] 55. Social boycott1 H" c, s, ]: c! J
56. Selective social boycott
1 t' R1 W3 Q4 A; S4 g9 A: Q 57. Lysistratic nonaction5 A, x# A/ t# B
58. Excommunication" \; m( ^; L+ W5 Y
59. Interdict4 P6 ~! E) g$ Z/ B9 A
5 j: A& c4 q1 ^9 h; r9 V
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 h2 L) s" t) m3 K 60. Suspension of social and sports activities, r8 i' x% j! s+ F# D
61. Boycott of social affairs) _7 c5 K- [: i% C& R. h6 G, R$ Q
62. Student strike6 H% P* n% C9 p8 \( e& c
63. Social disobedience* |: e% n- Q* Y0 u4 |
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 B# W8 v3 r% D d. P# Q* ^. q. P5 m+ y$ c; K' D3 C
Withdrawal from the Social System
$ K3 e, `# I' Q. t. L 65. Stay-at-home3 V/ p N* l8 _4 a! d6 z7 O) }
66. Total personal noncooperation
& |" ^6 E0 L0 j1 [& {( x! _ 67. “Flight” of workers7 p. Z: C) E9 O% e
68. Sanctuary, `$ p0 z& u+ p9 b& V4 M0 P; Q
69. Collective disappearance* _3 i9 h; ^/ `) C/ ?3 K K
70. Protest emigration (hijrat): O" j5 w- v3 y# C3 y& g
* P, `$ n, R. g! }4 b* s
0 P) j9 |4 n9 c
4 G7 m9 f& w/ H* S4 m. b% |1 Q3 ~+ [( ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 Y( T! Y, X- G2 H% u- I2 U) L
! h$ A$ O0 W* w2 L* ^6 i- f & o3 M# s% H3 K" i! Y: N
Actions by Consumers
& E! N0 s4 H$ z% j/ H& N 71. Consumers’ boycott
) Y! V8 ~6 L5 `) V 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ a, Q" R7 N3 P4 ^ 73. Policy of austerity: K6 ~2 {& S! E0 }8 @, C8 u9 F
74. Rent withholding% I( \4 e$ f5 v5 C0 Z
75. Refusal to rent5 r; r& W6 G3 s; `, Z
76. National consumers’ boycott0 F0 ^" W% K6 q; K" M5 {+ J
77. International consumers’ boycott0 n$ K' U' q2 p# F9 k% B8 x
9 c6 ^( R2 ^- u/ mAction by Workers and Producers, S% _9 B- n7 t' a$ b$ _
78. Workmen’s boycott# z3 P4 A% g' Y+ V0 W3 X1 h/ J
79. Producers’ boycott* Q8 j1 h7 \1 d* _) x
* f7 Y( V1 S+ k# {5 Z& }# x2 R% G- HAction by Middlemen* J" ?: q0 e$ o
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; R4 s9 @$ _9 x0 T1 K0 B
1 O, Z o. d* p+ H$ N! }9 {
Action by Owners and Management( E) S3 b% O/ ?7 |2 F k
81. Traders’ boycott
8 w0 ^' u Q% ?5 l: d0 K 82. Refusal to let or sell property, q# E7 ^/ x0 G6 B" W& Y
83. Lockout0 ^4 \6 i1 f; Q/ E
84. Refusal of industrial assistance# s: F4 C8 J) S8 u$ i
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 e2 n9 t: q% ^& X
' x, ~5 Y$ |& `Action by Holders of Financial Resources2 d. U- M0 B7 p/ |% q0 ]
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( c% v5 M/ Z: M2 m) }. V 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! J( u8 o7 \( V; |$ v$ E: u: h; O
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 Q& j+ ~/ J+ Y( r7 `% g! U* Y 89. Severance of funds and credit% z% n: z. {; l* o1 E" e
90. Revenue refusal
( |# x k( V" A, E 91. Refusal of a government’s money% Z/ \3 [0 @. p5 \
+ d* H c$ R0 CAction by Governments6 p# {( Q' E% W4 w
92. Domestic embargo
q' n/ t" r U- ` 93. Blacklisting of traders
- L, V9 k- n. R, }) w* | 94. International sellers’ embargo: m0 `, ~1 w- S4 H0 x
95. International buyers’ embargo( g# ]$ T; A* X# T
96. International trade embargo
3 u0 @4 ] K( H1 U% l/ G0 \0 e, A
. ^) ]6 \6 _$ p3 g
* M. H$ ?$ F% T$ h" P* d' l, c2 \* {3 `/ h, D) v! ]
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 S, h. c9 x' H8 w" b/ z, D# u1 h# D( n/ C+ Y) @% U; z
7 O; h# q2 o, e1 W/ c8 {' E
Symbolic Strikes# B- @* |$ }2 m
97. Protest strike
! \0 k7 O8 W: d# c4 e$ Z: e% B+ p 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)" F$ n# v3 e1 A5 [9 p
5 ^6 s2 L* W' v I. I M
Agricultural Strikes
# o( k& i- W2 m. H 99. Peasant strike
( D6 R6 y# W9 h! _ 100. Farm Workers’ strike& ~/ l9 z' J2 r$ a- @3 _( F+ N2 Y
# R" v8 q: j2 t% {6 v: l m- EStrikes by Special Groups; [) G6 V6 a( X0 q
101. Refusal of impressed labor3 K3 b% u9 ^ s, `7 p5 L9 u0 S3 {
102. Prisoners’ strike, n T0 y8 Y+ d7 f9 d# \* E4 p
103. Craft strike
. Z7 v, y0 {6 v2 x! ?+ w- | 104. Professional strike
1 ~6 N0 u1 O, J7 D8 v/ }: a$ p: p5 X- f1 r0 ~
Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ p+ w3 c5 ?* f4 n, o6 ?" I
105. Establishment strike
/ z) o5 M9 ~: t 106. Industry strike! E; V& h4 x" T9 q g9 d0 ^0 }4 P( a
107. Sympathetic strike
, B3 r& E: w6 Q* k* U) G2 W( n3 q
- I3 n, }5 F, `3 sRestricted Strikes
0 T2 l' o. h) I) l* ^5 l; {# E5 L 108. Detailed strike5 h5 l" t7 m# _# f, M
109. Bumper strike$ Q& H9 ^3 w+ B8 |: h- Z/ Y( u) Q
110. Slowdown strike) }+ R/ Y, d$ \7 o6 f" m
111. Working-to-rule strike
$ x% j" ~1 n7 T/ j$ \. d 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- v8 R/ v, k7 J2 C/ [+ _+ r, W# n- m
113. Strike by resignation0 d8 R& \& M8 O7 ]4 l
114. Limited strike% _. n7 R& ^7 e
115. Selective strike' j3 Q! x. _7 B0 m2 Y
5 b1 c% ]- _- }; U7 d
Multi-Industry Strikes
8 \! E, y& E/ ]; }6 z5 e9 v4 e9 s, b" a
116. Generalized strike* [( K) c# d t9 L' L
4 V& i8 v& f- Q8 A. ^4 { 117. General strike
6 _- z) f" E+ `# K: q
2 i k& r* N! m& T hCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
. q. Z+ Z2 ]6 O# p- D" ~0 o
b& F# {1 k; f# n" | 118. Hartal2 M, ~0 o- K0 | w' p
# ~, }" G9 x7 b* U
119. Economic shutdown) a) i; _) }( w: d g: u( Z9 b' R
% Z# `" A) T& a: ^+ C
2 M4 X* e$ v6 j
7 T2 P( {% \% M& N$ i5 j) K% KTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: W; y, @% W! D/ R+ B
0 }/ |( q, l$ S6 O
, ?8 ^+ _7 j& o+ Y! k: }' D
Rejection of Authority
0 T1 C# A, X# d( ~$ X. } 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# u2 b9 @4 ^1 I9 k, L
121. Refusal of public support2 A# n7 c% T" y! N/ Q- T9 K
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 j0 s. A& D! D$ }' h( R( c
( t1 G5 ]* l- LCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government- @- h( V- V9 \
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' d$ s6 f3 }; c6 _0 l 124. Boycott of elections
7 C3 }0 u% X7 `; N2 x* _ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions' a# @+ Q1 j- ^5 B* `
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies {2 p; `5 a7 @* q0 }) D/ b
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) k7 n2 J) E) h" U2 @; I 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- K3 T7 [4 X G, A; Z/ t0 } 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, O1 e! J1 t7 ~) @ \4 W3 |! `5 Y" s7 i 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks i6 k1 |/ H% Z3 S
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& g4 v& B: \+ `$ j7 C( z9 Q2 A 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 [' c+ U3 C8 j) O6 G5 z
1 p2 H; K* h* X" OCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 U: c2 C- y( d* n& t, A0 x 133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ }8 J3 w. ^: V7 @ }8 ]* E. G" I- _& Y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ o6 J9 u1 c0 s# `: P: c 135. Popular nonobedience' ~3 J0 _* U4 z! o
136. Disguised disobedience
" H, w# I# A; `1 V" R8 n 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 o% m1 ~ Q/ d, |" s/ n. ~( y
138. Sitdown4 _% g \; b$ i4 A# {, }
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 ]0 k. m9 ?& \$ r/ n: q$ E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 P% Z' `9 N' o, G% T% X 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* ^5 ` D) M1 e2 c
4 l' `- t! R$ H3 V# lAction by Government Personnel
# d1 I2 L' z; A1 o6 i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides( i8 j8 @$ E$ i& n* j
143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 I4 c4 W3 H: e: {
144. Stalling and obstruction- Y2 A" e/ {0 y1 I, V8 ^ s
145. General administrative noncooperation
, y6 h5 B! M. Z3 H' m) Q
: m4 n( @$ K7 y1 Y$ R- [ 146. Judicial noncooperation
3 @6 f6 `& o& x$ V 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' }, A+ N5 e+ Y/ \
148. Mutiny. G! G! r6 `+ H7 U2 L( O" `% Y
Domestic Governmental Action
9 g* A4 l/ k+ X+ p7 X 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 V1 J2 e( s5 C' t( F
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
' {8 o) N4 @" D% M
1 R( e& s- Z% [0 Q% i' k* ~( EInternational Governmental Action
$ L+ I7 M- m( G6 g$ \( E: s' v 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( A0 B* n7 [$ r7 v 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 `! t+ r3 S; C. o( w- n
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: }" _& o( o6 `, Q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 I7 E: K1 R# n: P! \
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: c: Q2 i# C6 f9 W& w Z 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ d) X6 w9 ?. R; m
157. Expulsion from international organizations; t6 x" J8 V. _
9 O% B0 J$ g2 T+ J8 J 6 p8 k7 ^1 q Y
0 U8 [) {& H* m* V3 r7 z/ aTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& N$ C' @6 I) K" ]- r% L
3 v& S1 c% m, V) ?+ X. x/ ~% e" B
( I5 @+ `# L3 b/ _# i( c1 M% qPsychological Intervention' Y( z2 G. \& |8 a1 W8 G
158. Self-exposure to the elements4 @) E/ A3 l4 e6 R* p
159. The fast
# L+ c8 @: O9 e2 X$ p m, F' C a) Fast of moral pressure, j. o( ^8 q) W! t# ~ p
b) Hunger strike6 }/ U I% j! h: x7 K3 e
c) Satyagrahic fast$ F9 T* b5 r" O/ }; u' z
160. Reverse trial
j" ~) Y2 u$ P5 @ 161. Nonviolent harassment% b8 C- D" j- L$ d# n; T" I: D4 J
" [* ?' G: S# g: h$ k6 S
Physical Intervention
6 I8 C3 u0 y' t6 `0 ]( Q 162. Sit-in0 U# a) P& V! k1 _" `, l: N
163. Stand-in
7 f+ b/ A+ B, _" u 164. Ride-in
2 y* F3 d; F& S/ ? 165. Wade-in6 c- Z2 l- i# n: D. e. p
166. Mill-in, C. x/ x- r# B
167. Pray-in# P9 T5 Q$ B; X2 T* m5 X. {. U
168. Nonviolent raids
8 e" l4 y- b+ X, S 169. Nonviolent air raids
* M% W6 a! \) q! {, N7 ~! l3 z 170. Nonviolent invasion3 h; h0 L$ }: U3 W3 k" g
171. Nonviolent interjection
/ ~7 G9 l& _$ a4 l3 c# Q+ ]* u 172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 b2 |- Q5 y# @( M& x8 [: T 173. Nonviolent occupation9 j- W( M% T6 b0 H D# U* H5 O
+ N5 b+ d0 l) W' H- d
Social Intervention% u" r- l) D6 `+ G1 E% H* M
174. Establishing new social patterns1 Z: N% D ?( X. Z7 i" S5 T
175. Overloading of facilities
9 d; U3 H& G. ^( H- e# u/ r4 ~0 S/ ]5 ~ 176. Stall-in
, p( @0 F2 o" a* z& W 177. Speak-in. \9 E( [- p+ w! k
178. Guerrilla theater
a% X3 c5 I1 F) ~ 179. Alternative social institutions& ~) g: h$ P w$ o0 T3 a. G
180. Alternative communication system
0 K3 S) i2 j; ? E4 v# W4 t4 g) x9 j6 Y
Economic Intervention% ^9 u; ^* N; U3 t+ \
181. Reverse strike, H% j9 u# d1 R( N
182. Stay-in strike6 X( _3 U+ ?, L7 r
183. Nonviolent land seizure% s% y% y% H0 h, M5 x! \, t" ?
184. Defiance of blockades
* A7 B& |: _& k) R$ C( [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 r4 }( s9 m; n 186. Preclusive purchasing
5 }1 `0 q# X I, N! E4 D* M 187. Seizure of assets& u# A- u% w0 f. w8 c7 H6 O
188. Dumping! q% p: o$ u' M! F$ }8 V
189. Selective patronage7 X( O5 E! N( _! v( I1 w
190. Alternative markets
+ h$ u) q4 V+ O9 x5 A 191. Alternative transportation systems
- u0 c+ y. g; |0 k8 x 192. Alternative economic institutions
7 y# o4 l! C8 Z" n
2 y' ~4 z1 i1 w8 JPolitical Intervention
4 ?8 d) T% ^; d) G 193. Overloading of administrative systems
- x+ S) o/ \$ U 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* }; l7 W9 A2 C5 e2 S8 A+ R 195. Seeking imprisonment
0 c, o, [' i6 q$ Y& z+ N 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* B/ r: Q0 y5 I* T( c# h 197. Work-on without collaboration+ ^& v3 }. p' k, n+ f
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government T. }3 S, ?5 ^7 |9 A4 i: U+ |$ r5 V
3 j) N, Z0 J4 O* c! Y |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
