 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 p3 l3 H2 o; a% [3 \2 vFormal Statements
6 ]1 B5 V0 a/ S9 V. F: x2 A8 Z 1. Public Speeches
) A# G3 @0 l. x% ]6 \) ~. B 2. Letters of opposition or support
8 m; O; Z# n$ S8 t/ w' ~ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: J* b9 j; q" ?! [" h8 Q F 4. Signed public statements
' j* C4 u4 W+ N6 N# p 5. Declarations of indictment and intention8 @6 o1 ] O0 b6 t
6. Group or mass petitions
! [: {0 k; ` u( ~
( J% C2 B c- uCommunications with a Wider Audience
* Q/ {- j- d) e( x7 t* @' B+ s 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 D3 u- {& D: `( Q$ I6 o
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 u$ ?2 M! L% U) d$ Z/ x. b5 j, n 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( D/ a" {6 G7 z: L/ q
10. Newspapers and journals
& I" b( @! \" b* l! A5 J 11. Records, radio, and television
0 \) |$ t9 h- u0 A0 C 12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ k! u# u. i: g4 l# W
: W1 O! v3 p1 F* S1 ]Group Representations
U* H# f9 K& \- a( a+ O 13. Deputations
/ C# T7 @- E6 _% ] 14. Mock awards( @7 o: q) D2 v) h# H
15. Group lobbying
4 y9 |& e' S* j 16. Picketing& }- T. |) }' T; ~
17. Mock elections2 K( e9 r! [/ y9 G2 H
) s3 c& }% W) }3 @- N3 c) u; pSymbolic Public Acts* s s: V @* n- q: r+ v
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors y# O5 _% N& v% A2 i
19. Wearing of symbols
* M$ ~. ?9 ^; j. a! |/ q& n0 J 20. Prayer and worship1 U3 R J! n- v3 r! `
21. Delivering symbolic objects; O8 N1 L) I* O0 R2 m8 a. V
22. Protest disrobings
9 a k, _+ Y7 l% _1 b9 |* V1 w" U 23. Destruction of own property
, J2 [0 L" S' M3 r7 U: ~. y 24. Symbolic lights
7 b$ G$ x/ Z, @% _# h" U 25. Displays of portraits
* I' Z8 n7 F# M& L3 n J; L1 ? 26. Paint as protest
% c7 c! [& D" F) x3 \- i 27. New signs and names- G4 _9 r# ^ Y; s5 t% l6 q7 v3 f
28. Symbolic sounds, C% a" w& R( p+ ~
29. Symbolic reclamations
: c8 g6 R2 g- m w) X+ ^# t8 R 30. Rude gestures* M& m: R! j% Q; `% e
! i0 _) g' y, B* ~Pressures on Individuals
% i( p, ^5 P2 z" ] 31. “Haunting” officials
: q1 E5 T7 o! C: F5 ] 32. Taunting officials# m& z8 S% n7 O3 B$ P6 K. w) F
33. Fraternization
& R' g7 ]' \! a. {6 g2 u" h( }& M: o 34. Vigils5 |4 Q( E8 I# k' }$ S
4 m# I0 `5 F/ A, p7 p6 X) T: _+ ?Drama and Music
2 R; A( d/ `2 c2 y7 i s U0 t 35. Humorous skits and pranks* [; ~' x! R* ^- s6 ]
36. Performances of plays and music; Y& b$ ?6 R0 G
37. Singing
6 Z' ~4 Q+ a' ^$ _9 o, Q" G- n5 V& b( G( K O! z0 \
Processions
$ J6 t6 l" K4 _8 U' N 38. Marches
" F1 ?$ ^" F# A 39. Parades
6 y* {) M- [: l0 x4 ^4 d& u8 S2 _- s 40. Religious processions& y; u& Q4 w. W( i9 W9 p: e0 l
41. Pilgrimages( y- t) I& G0 v& n3 P
42. Motorcades' [7 v9 |8 x' E
8 H n7 n" W9 d1 D/ X! [# Y8 ^7 q6 X
Honoring the Dead; g; q3 j1 ]- q' \# @* L
43. Political mourning
9 I" Z C# Q+ I4 [8 Y4 ~ 44. Mock funerals
6 Z& s3 Q7 [5 I' |7 S3 N! e) C% V 45. Demonstrative funerals
% Y8 F9 \& g. g; u' e/ p4 o 46. Homage at burial places
: p$ x7 ^3 v; M0 Z- @0 a9 |$ L, m; D) X5 K/ t3 o1 v. M4 t: A
Public Assemblies
# c% j) C2 z& X" w+ j- p 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* R# |; K/ z. l" f* `" K: P 48. Protest meetings
C) c, [8 ^' u e3 h+ Q8 A 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 v) n2 }2 K' q 50. Teach-ins
; N1 n5 }; S; ^: B2 p% @: J- h+ I
, l( V5 P! \8 v7 yWithdrawal and Renunciation
: Z1 |. y9 n5 S% d* s+ b2 |2 a 51. Walk-outs/ S1 i/ \! k' |* }
52. Silence
& Z4 }" y: P O& u$ d 53. Renouncing honors
4 F8 y8 R' J1 O3 P+ A0 k 54. Turning one’s back
\, J t: Q8 q) Y- |7 n. Y; |) ~' [6 h
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/ G) n1 J& E" I. c! v$ h1 `
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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. C$ F) e% d) wOstracism of Persons, v0 [- j Y- ^- @0 J8 q
55. Social boycott9 M/ {8 m2 e* \
56. Selective social boycott
* F8 o2 f% {- }" ? 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ F3 R* v7 l0 W8 f* `* { w 58. Excommunication* r1 u' U* O% h" P
59. Interdict6 p5 i8 g5 ~, w" P
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 k! i, Z& ?1 P" A" a! h5 p& y" I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; c( { g$ P$ T8 l5 {
61. Boycott of social affairs% [ b! c3 q% m$ d
62. Student strike6 D0 U- \( H. g
63. Social disobedience: p5 x# E* ]0 h" F4 |4 F. T; ~
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ _: }- |. n$ r% d- I4 j
3 f% k5 k' L, Q: R+ P* j& s% B! HWithdrawal from the Social System6 m( Y; R$ X# f; O) C5 b% C& f* T
65. Stay-at-home* T8 q! U6 q, U3 C
66. Total personal noncooperation
; _1 `4 k. ?. N; c 67. “Flight” of workers
5 w! c2 S$ D( Y3 H5 Q* U 68. Sanctuary: {$ N% q( g) ]" A
69. Collective disappearance& [9 d: U" C7 h3 A7 \/ S) J! ^9 y$ V
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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! |; ?$ W) m: M. p: N! w3 c' O9 ]" r% ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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) j2 ^* T2 ~& L+ M6 w 5 ?2 Q3 w4 w" c% i# {8 K7 ^
Actions by Consumers8 X5 w- N5 F& P0 R& ]8 h2 F
71. Consumers’ boycott
+ f2 E# f* e0 ^% Q- f. R 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 c& R* n1 u- _4 \ 73. Policy of austerity
3 h8 o2 o+ a$ ^2 w! E- B% `" f 74. Rent withholding
1 R: c5 q4 w, F. S2 A& Z 75. Refusal to rent1 X* t6 P0 g; f: a- T3 \
76. National consumers’ boycott0 y" ?4 z2 J8 x) n- c
77. International consumers’ boycott
6 a8 t* ?, F) u: U$ [" N9 ]+ D* s7 N5 i r! B) A
Action by Workers and Producers
6 ?" D0 \5 u: o6 W, F 78. Workmen’s boycott4 j* t1 u" i8 g9 p- F
79. Producers’ boycott: Z3 z; u3 M8 P2 E# l
. Z5 Z3 a- O! m( \7 dAction by Middlemen
7 O* c0 H$ ^, Q* [$ _- F3 T5 P# i f 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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& r" g, M& p. t# eAction by Owners and Management# h! b$ h8 j0 D: Q
81. Traders’ boycott0 J3 y$ _$ V) r) ^9 D
82. Refusal to let or sell property
# K3 ^" b* X6 D; l0 P) `* g& k 83. Lockout( G+ {! N6 E; y/ ^
84. Refusal of industrial assistance: Q8 Z, I: ]* z* A: O' l/ J4 \
85. Merchants’ “general strike”2 E$ a* s! p; a$ w* s* r( R5 o0 y) [& \
$ K0 c: r) e% @Action by Holders of Financial Resources
5 @- ?4 ^# A2 Z8 {& A 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits6 b8 o& e# x& `2 u4 L
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; ^/ K- M+ H! }5 T( C; g
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! G" h) u( r9 t 89. Severance of funds and credit
2 e" @8 \( Q: \ 90. Revenue refusal, g/ ]: Q& I& @( d# E1 |6 u! D- c
91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 n$ M) ]2 B* C. G# [5 w/ r6 b, Y3 ^: e2 c, K2 j
Action by Governments
. L S$ {8 y8 ` 92. Domestic embargo$ e' V4 p0 f# O" p1 m3 [
93. Blacklisting of traders
$ ?' B8 h9 W# @/ ~0 Y 94. International sellers’ embargo
6 }" d, W, T5 s J* a9 t/ Y 95. International buyers’ embargo0 n0 A; H2 u" d I8 y7 a/ q6 p
96. International trade embargo
5 f0 B* g8 Q$ ]0 ~* d
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# O6 n8 ^# |( y7 bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 I7 Z$ F" l) L& H
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! _ W0 ]. N- Z# s0 TSymbolic Strikes& H+ l' \- _' @" L
97. Protest strike
; G k; H) @) q. {3 R7 q& e7 E 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) u8 F- r$ N* m7 g( G3 C) u& Y8 H8 G8 y9 v* j" h
Agricultural Strikes
: j$ h- @+ x5 J% v- \6 f$ ^ 99. Peasant strike
* _$ O" i" T* Q6 a# [ 100. Farm Workers’ strike: \. b) X9 r, w) G, n
3 ? `7 h% g) d0 I
Strikes by Special Groups3 c. g7 Q. Y I2 n9 \7 W6 A* ?
101. Refusal of impressed labor
! u; _% q" A, f% p 102. Prisoners’ strike
8 S; ?. M* [9 S 103. Craft strike3 e @6 B& t9 f6 r K! Q
104. Professional strike- O) ~+ i: [/ T4 D! O$ ^( a f
9 U- G$ t. p0 o- Q) sOrdinary Industrial Strikes
* |8 t$ W, `/ u- Z, J 105. Establishment strike$ [- X- W0 i i# ]" Z8 z& Y
106. Industry strike
0 ^7 K; y% E8 b; p p) L. f: W% x 107. Sympathetic strike
m8 Y" c- e% x( g
r& T1 k) D1 m7 yRestricted Strikes0 e, [, u l# q/ V
108. Detailed strike
- ?. w3 k) B+ ?7 Y# m x 109. Bumper strike
& o, n: W* y, d+ i8 _ 110. Slowdown strike
/ H; G! }7 ^- L& f) `( h! u& E 111. Working-to-rule strike
% Y% M9 p# A/ q$ E( D 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ d9 c7 D" V- g$ r1 U/ \ 113. Strike by resignation9 m. w" ?, A* H7 e1 s$ S; I3 _2 D# W
114. Limited strike, u6 C' I9 C |$ `* K
115. Selective strike; B7 h( P7 Q) U
8 A: D& J7 h8 ~7 BMulti-Industry Strikes* Q8 `$ x: r7 q' ^" {
% j: z7 T& e8 ?4 b
116. Generalized strike
3 `" @: h( `2 |! Z- L2 }: I- @: n
8 {5 a5 z6 t; p6 V3 A 117. General strike
6 N: @: J' q, o" h5 n
7 {3 B* o( J2 y1 J% ~7 Z. JCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures& _9 s% D3 d5 K# l0 c5 C; T
, v! y$ N9 D+ N9 L
118. Hartal& n+ Q$ @- N, o: m, M: y0 H/ p& A
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119. Economic shutdown. g: [. q, F& W
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6 ?3 u4 C8 ~4 M& WTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% m U: [# f7 c0 b8 a
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. R' T2 P1 I7 ?) W" ]8 ^Rejection of Authority& @! D$ l" `+ Q* S9 n' B4 L
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& \5 I9 ?1 K. F: G6 \ 121. Refusal of public support! [/ l. R! y, I+ T) B2 |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 [8 ^0 B8 l; s6 O4 c
( P/ J3 S. |- n+ D9 l% n& PCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government. ]/ S; Q3 @* M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# J0 D- l* i# ?1 h/ O' i1 _9 X8 C2 t 124. Boycott of elections
3 x7 Y) W5 O3 V% z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ r& \1 x0 s3 y* T9 u" t
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 d: w$ |/ z- Z, m2 L6 T5 }0 k
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( ~$ p3 N4 \$ [3 e6 k 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 T. D8 M- f) @ r2 y 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% s* Q" i0 ]+ y9 }& |6 ?2 F+ Q+ Q( p9 I 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% Z( s8 p0 g% A3 @5 T- `* \
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 y& P4 A' _' y" ^
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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# o2 [+ O6 B1 q, Q" t) F6 k9 @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 [( S* b5 {6 g x/ c/ p5 Y/ V2 Q4 G 133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 T& w$ s$ m* J* y% @
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 u1 s q) e8 R2 G4 y# F5 t 135. Popular nonobedience+ X$ h4 I; }/ Z# O. d% J6 `; U! t! J! j
136. Disguised disobedience
# j/ E* g6 n$ G) ~2 ~+ X2 E7 s% {4 a 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- {3 I D( P8 M; D! [& e
138. Sitdown
# ?* j" E$ S, {3 r3 O8 B5 t3 Q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) m7 h* u# u3 G8 w( j 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ T& H. R! ^8 _6 ^; u, x/ \
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" j) U; G$ p6 Z. X
* B! |5 @+ I6 E7 g8 m% o( H& WAction by Government Personnel
( J4 D' K) d( [+ {6 x; e# B' V 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 U& K2 o0 u' G8 z: u) f8 D: v 143. Blocking of lines of command and information- {) z; p7 ~2 b" M; ]
144. Stalling and obstruction
. \/ r. ?! A0 x4 N4 y! T% ? 145. General administrative noncooperation
e& w5 T7 j' u( \0 J- S/ O6 G
! l1 m3 n2 L/ E- Q* v& |6 a7 T" C. ? 146. Judicial noncooperation
) c( B) Z& \, w* [/ O 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents$ x: ?1 ]! I; |
148. Mutiny
- [3 T: G6 D, v, RDomestic Governmental Action0 c; Z5 J) |0 |# z3 W- o
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 u2 _% ^+ [( Y6 }
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units H" R T8 I# N2 Q4 [; ? B) S
9 K5 n, C7 Z: \* \$ E9 u; ]; d9 eInternational Governmental Action
7 A9 {' `8 f! F. G- ]+ E 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 M) h7 w' O- {- U6 u/ V& Q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 Y4 p1 m9 O2 g; R+ P
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ J- J/ @- d& @; X
154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 j" ~: b& |+ _
155. Withdrawal from international organizations N2 ^* ~, V2 `4 J# T b
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' _. P" |0 n5 i2 ~; g: [- s6 ` 157. Expulsion from international organizations0 a' y. e0 t) g6 K# P1 ~! i
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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3 _6 l- K [1 t% yPsychological Intervention4 n# a( P" D5 } {' G' u$ c
158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 X+ \0 b) A4 P 159. The fast% O6 ]2 U. V" {6 f U+ Y
a) Fast of moral pressure
4 a4 W( g1 M- Z* A+ r, h b) Hunger strike
- V* b9 o/ f. Z+ v% s c) Satyagrahic fast) c2 O: J0 j$ L0 R/ F9 N
160. Reverse trial
8 N. w/ D- q, W+ B3 }: ^0 ~" s 161. Nonviolent harassment
3 q( p& D* B7 _
y# s1 ^4 x% P: {2 o* K ]Physical Intervention
; m5 u# L. A* _$ B# c6 T5 I0 O: ? 162. Sit-in
& g" F8 A% w& b" Y' [6 O g/ N 163. Stand-in
3 v) C* Y1 U- m9 ]. O; c3 e5 n 164. Ride-in
, o# d2 k* b1 T 165. Wade-in
3 O( m0 ?; S' @" R* I2 r' l: q 166. Mill-in/ P/ o% U3 D, z+ z% M
167. Pray-in; A# }/ p z! o
168. Nonviolent raids" @- ?. t% H( u @0 h1 F+ |
169. Nonviolent air raids
6 r3 B5 i* Y, F- d 170. Nonviolent invasion2 I- a2 z- e w! S8 i# G7 s
171. Nonviolent interjection, C* k H) Z8 H- f2 Q3 ^' L6 q3 F% N
172. Nonviolent obstruction
% @5 S8 x# p S% @3 G: F 173. Nonviolent occupation
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! y* _. }, t/ s/ ]% {/ v$ ?Social Intervention" d5 l0 \8 }' Z+ b' N6 e. k
174. Establishing new social patterns
6 D4 ^9 o) I8 F0 b; k' q: F, x 175. Overloading of facilities
* \+ o& g3 y% T4 m2 l: [# g 176. Stall-in
+ z, \+ D; c3 p6 W6 M0 v 177. Speak-in
/ V3 |2 t4 }3 j" ^0 a& P 178. Guerrilla theater5 h: R" `1 c+ ~% O* \7 S. [4 v9 C
179. Alternative social institutions
4 M# P# w1 ~1 l6 o% G. y 180. Alternative communication system
1 d' L, z3 R; L5 ^8 V2 V9 E
2 r! f7 a; U0 n+ \- kEconomic Intervention4 V. S0 F8 [$ W& t
181. Reverse strike" J; H0 T# F$ T) k/ b7 v5 b
182. Stay-in strike; @ \9 ~7 \$ F, K B( m
183. Nonviolent land seizure
( }$ K3 V; H. \% p6 Z# _! m 184. Defiance of blockades
# e6 y! v7 ^* w# Y' | 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ F' q" p# R6 K0 `' M6 f
186. Preclusive purchasing" u6 N0 u- \; H D
187. Seizure of assets
( t! |4 m; b) x8 X6 U 188. Dumping. @0 W9 Z+ ]$ y+ ~) t
189. Selective patronage
) F( v5 I, t) x6 I 190. Alternative markets i7 w' t5 D5 l
191. Alternative transportation systems6 M- r% ~5 D8 p; D4 u
192. Alternative economic institutions7 {; q# R. V. M- j9 j2 e
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Political Intervention! ?8 t1 S+ g8 _6 b
193. Overloading of administrative systems. s; \; P7 a& ^ K: ~( ?. [
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" F, _- V4 J, j$ g. Q- g d) _1 j9 U 195. Seeking imprisonment0 H/ O0 X4 R* j! J0 r# q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* q& R! {1 m3 i) d' [
197. Work-on without collaboration1 S$ I2 I: g, n; B. N8 u; \" ?7 R! E" `6 Q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
