 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# M+ N! \' i7 k4 b8 ?8 @Formal Statements
9 A! y% s: b* A n" G" B7 ? 1. Public Speeches
5 k& n0 a: h7 Z7 K( T4 Q% x 2. Letters of opposition or support
+ b7 K0 X/ ?. H1 l 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% ~+ a2 C7 R! x- ?5 ~, u3 d
4. Signed public statements. y5 j i g( A+ i" B& n4 r- S
5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 J* `8 v6 ^0 \) m% J {- |7 f8 e
6. Group or mass petitions2 |7 m) d# {3 J0 L
3 ?3 k7 s1 y7 S, L) hCommunications with a Wider Audience: C* v4 t( ~+ {9 n- L
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 L4 \% u2 U, d! ` 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) O1 G4 u( [7 ~9 }) H- N 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! X( F% D* F" A8 r+ o5 W, T2 o
10. Newspapers and journals1 h8 Q6 V6 L# ]' k7 f, w. Q
11. Records, radio, and television
# O" m9 J3 u, z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ g* S/ L5 a+ X* w( m
2 {. N6 w; i& h6 k2 }4 {
Group Representations
. R# J( |9 ~: D* R& j 13. Deputations1 t0 `3 ?- Y& {6 F$ p
14. Mock awards
4 V! D7 t+ @5 I( f0 {! O/ l: U. a' r 15. Group lobbying- `2 Q9 m N* L1 x! x$ u. n7 f
16. Picketing- A( i- [2 o6 X
17. Mock elections
! z; \, c& Q2 n; J
! R( y2 V0 u& n8 ESymbolic Public Acts
- c4 w' F6 C9 N0 \! k0 V7 \6 p0 r# v: G 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 N+ ^- `% N3 E2 u+ S& D1 v
19. Wearing of symbols
& y# `% G3 j1 l0 }, {) K 20. Prayer and worship7 ?: P; N4 T' E6 C ~( b
21. Delivering symbolic objects) h! \( y8 X, {$ ]4 x7 X
22. Protest disrobings) I% r! h6 v! S9 D$ U+ q+ ~
23. Destruction of own property: D* n$ Y/ [4 E/ ~
24. Symbolic lights
; x2 m' \$ I3 i9 s) q, O9 l4 u 25. Displays of portraits
8 B% v1 v6 h& T) j9 T c" m% o 26. Paint as protest
2 G% Q, {. @% u* z. e9 R4 P 27. New signs and names
+ z) S" Y2 p: i) S; ] 28. Symbolic sounds
7 M: Z! U9 b3 a' B7 P- e8 ?% b 29. Symbolic reclamations
' A& {) [" B: h, P 30. Rude gestures
& ~ P& s' I% t( |# m8 Q9 ^
4 d/ D6 h7 [" x3 Q& RPressures on Individuals; T3 T. K& m8 O% N c t% [
31. “Haunting” officials6 h& F- j" D. a3 f
32. Taunting officials
7 k. w2 m. q+ Z; I. b$ g$ w 33. Fraternization
+ i9 p" m/ m J j 34. Vigils3 D0 P9 d& d! G* E9 L9 v
/ U& X' t' s6 D {& b, M% z
Drama and Music* Q' a8 M: t: U9 \* t! @2 ^
35. Humorous skits and pranks3 y {% ~- F! ~ w5 h3 _
36. Performances of plays and music
9 Y( P) j- l1 E 37. Singing
8 j/ ]* E5 x# w6 m& t' u& p$ c* d0 G( ~
Processions
- r" ]! s# e" M! I( F 38. Marches6 |& x9 A% M* _& j- Y `
39. Parades( D5 X3 ~1 z" b3 _' p7 j* C3 O
40. Religious processions
; H$ a: y G8 N X+ I% R- Y0 \ 41. Pilgrimages' L* }% y, ]/ p
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead! d- J7 O; M4 a+ S. u
43. Political mourning7 \+ Y# B7 |. @* z N4 ?
44. Mock funerals
" h! g% n& o+ Q/ q; G) [3 U 45. Demonstrative funerals
- o4 N6 X, c9 U5 Y 46. Homage at burial places
. W: D* |0 k: x: _+ [* d+ }
# N/ L) s8 F- c8 V: @. R3 r' V+ gPublic Assemblies
' |) D5 ~( R4 s, a( n0 K( D" F 47. Assemblies of protest or support
! r2 }# x' |9 ]/ g% J# ]/ T5 L% I: J 48. Protest meetings
?, ]' l; A R7 n 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest; t3 B x9 _% V- \* ^
50. Teach-ins5 S) r6 l0 P! S6 \+ ]
" F0 L6 |$ y5 C! v9 \# n( s
Withdrawal and Renunciation
. y# g9 p' c) |0 \ 51. Walk-outs
2 M z {5 `8 i5 x: W 52. Silence
( @- X! Y1 x6 n& G' y: R4 n) ~ 53. Renouncing honors
9 P4 H) Z* G9 i s# s n" j2 w: F 54. Turning one’s back
" d E6 p" G5 u( g: v) ^
/ o/ a' b4 r8 J \; a % f7 j+ U0 I9 ]5 Q, r+ p
% `% o9 s) e, Y; J6 R; n5 p [THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION d* t f: W/ O3 {! W
/ c R1 h4 C; z. E5 v / d+ D: f$ l% X* n
, T# H) `5 r9 W) kOstracism of Persons
0 V7 F% d: z. L 55. Social boycott
! j, j; t- U2 f/ ~/ a 56. Selective social boycott
1 M0 K( S6 f& [! X% P# t) } 57. Lysistratic nonaction8 U# y8 W: {& d }9 U/ I
58. Excommunication" H9 B y- A% p) [' _" y( |
59. Interdict
) u @% @& X# B( R2 B8 f$ U7 ~6 d
5 ?, D! X' f6 E4 d' R$ Z/ hNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& ?) G5 v% t7 g" W( Q( U 60. Suspension of social and sports activities. x/ B. X" D; C2 e: u
61. Boycott of social affairs5 v1 o- _/ a3 F
62. Student strike4 r* I A( X/ G
63. Social disobedience* r& y1 [! {9 q8 M( B# Q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 r) t2 a# Q9 l. v- M
1 O$ g; s0 e% y5 w1 G$ E) jWithdrawal from the Social System; Z) P5 c( G- l& e
65. Stay-at-home/ P! G+ L9 C* D, ]* M! `( ?3 Y
66. Total personal noncooperation- l; r2 x$ G+ m& f- Z2 r$ i
67. “Flight” of workers5 U/ ^, Y$ {2 T; `% L* g
68. Sanctuary
- J% J0 |3 p! C: ` 69. Collective disappearance
: N$ `( z$ K4 ^$ u/ M& I$ x 70. Protest emigration (hijrat) Y! e8 E4 v2 m( Y, b; }3 V1 k
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5 k" Z/ Q3 J0 B. c# BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- v. `1 b! _8 t, v
9 O' e$ m9 p/ n; i
7 ^+ r2 Q' v I+ tActions by Consumers2 v& g2 v* h* m+ t2 V
71. Consumers’ boycott
& T& ?; {9 x- `: h4 K; ?# N: X7 X 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 f6 Y! L+ R- W9 R+ r 73. Policy of austerity+ M. ?& o0 @+ w! P _
74. Rent withholding. ]/ x7 E4 J, r4 z4 \' J
75. Refusal to rent
5 P3 {2 n0 y) j7 M o 76. National consumers’ boycott
- v; Q5 d/ s! }8 d4 P; @ 77. International consumers’ boycott4 x7 ~ c" f+ p8 |4 E1 @
- c' p$ d$ q( Q, E" h7 r- E
Action by Workers and Producers
. o$ M) d5 R: m; V0 X; b 78. Workmen’s boycott: k* M$ W. q& D
79. Producers’ boycott% l9 z) u" }% j |9 ]4 `9 s A9 u; t
9 z& {* n6 |$ I, i0 E& J; l9 w0 \% N
Action by Middlemen
5 ~( P0 G8 a5 r( Q 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) T( G: f3 l- f
% x2 o% ?, S, [/ H, WAction by Owners and Management
1 g: {% ~: c$ S8 }% K 81. Traders’ boycott
/ |7 M# U3 y( G/ q! |' y 82. Refusal to let or sell property9 _9 y( C0 |4 V% a6 `
83. Lockout
" b2 |/ v1 V/ N: h8 R; y2 L! e/ o 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! B/ g& [& ~7 K& u c" H7 w 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& l- s! y& n- X8 c6 B% J, e9 T5 x* [" z- W
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
$ k1 z6 ?" A2 U [% K8 Y' N1 v 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! r ? `- q5 K0 {) _0 J) I8 I
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ o& t5 z9 Y7 W8 J0 E( B& E 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 J4 p F& s4 Y4 |) e4 b9 ~ 89. Severance of funds and credit7 p$ [/ o, v$ O# W" p; }$ r+ g* L8 h
90. Revenue refusal
9 Y3 Q% ?5 Y1 R" r4 @4 U 91. Refusal of a government’s money
/ C5 B4 b6 l. ?6 @, C4 ~
" | K4 t# I2 K! ]Action by Governments
8 J9 g) h+ c/ j* f2 X4 N 92. Domestic embargo
' e* M& E% l' e9 h+ T! b" ` 93. Blacklisting of traders& @ z9 ~7 H# I Q' q
94. International sellers’ embargo) \0 m8 z1 G2 d
95. International buyers’ embargo$ i* t0 q& z1 _% i- C
96. International trade embargo
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5 [" `* e$ n2 A9 ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ v* o. i; `7 Q2 H" T
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# ^ v3 O0 e% u9 B( Z7 d. QSymbolic Strikes
) m# i N! b, a 97. Protest strike9 y# e6 O* b9 ]" I1 u
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
4 [; O( N9 P7 X9 ?4 S, A o7 f9 O: a! F1 X) E" o
Agricultural Strikes
1 K* z! D' D ^1 ?9 S* Q- R2 _5 m/ s 99. Peasant strike
( S) X; |; q+ x6 a6 k6 _ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 p) D- z1 H* t+ B, K
% @$ T3 C: d% k: K9 OStrikes by Special Groups
- ^* U8 s& a) t9 H1 p7 q 101. Refusal of impressed labor4 v8 W$ n2 G( W( p8 _
102. Prisoners’ strike
* n* `% F; }- f6 ]/ c, d 103. Craft strike7 a9 L: c1 U1 X) R& n4 A
104. Professional strike4 C# ?" A% b3 _0 ?
* G5 d+ b9 M. f. C+ k4 q) ^Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ {2 r8 Q) V( E
105. Establishment strike
5 ?) l$ y& l9 l) k3 n 106. Industry strike7 ~0 G- d5 E- i: a+ Q& q/ G8 G, U
107. Sympathetic strike
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5 Q2 J. p% E0 r4 I1 C8 b' yRestricted Strikes
9 x, T* y# R9 Q5 w% N 108. Detailed strike
2 ^ r# O+ M# J3 X: s1 i; E 109. Bumper strike
6 m( P1 i- K b/ T 110. Slowdown strike3 ?# `$ S6 K; M1 U8 _
111. Working-to-rule strike
% q# t6 ^- S8 Y" \; Y) Z+ W 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)* J3 ]% x) e1 G: l& Y' I( [. w$ [3 d
113. Strike by resignation
2 S/ m. i/ t" ~% T7 x/ ^ 114. Limited strike
( O4 @+ y9 J! B! w( }! {7 G* L2 ~! _ 115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
- [" [" q, z( o0 t# l6 E9 d7 ?) c* m: A! W: R/ l: a% L
116. Generalized strike
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8 e4 n" Q# B) [) Y; h& S% y 117. General strike
( @' X; R9 M7 q' N) o2 R, z" w& J4 X) ], \- C R4 Y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; W3 _% X3 x! s: q1 p
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118. Hartal
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7 ?: Y' p; W1 _. T: u: @ 119. Economic shutdown9 B4 k; H7 n5 s9 l! @6 G9 _
C: v" T# x5 n) r1 z 9 f% ?3 s. M9 y2 d) X/ X
# G. N" B- X" P& x( k9 b* W! l
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& E# p# g0 |: P3 j
# S# f1 A4 {2 Y & X, d3 Z* T) ?3 y; u
Rejection of Authority
" w) V) k2 d8 i* Z' R9 \ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. m& @. r/ F6 s* U- i) f, L: T. D% r 121. Refusal of public support: y( X/ T" Y) h* H+ A
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 u2 o+ T$ c6 N2 v+ s e2 v& U
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! ^6 ~( ]1 c& @; Q/ i
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ [" F, S5 C) @7 V0 `% O( c 124. Boycott of elections3 B! d7 C O4 T/ ?* {7 \" X. e# I
125. Boycott of government employment and positions# u" z' p6 w6 t4 Y; c
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' o0 w6 X' D8 L. } 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions: Z4 m2 [' c% @0 \
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( q. r: x- {( c5 {- c- M$ \6 _+ K
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. [3 h1 \. H/ O) K9 M1 o& g$ }
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% B9 x7 a: A) K- t9 N0 ^- s0 n 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ n; Z9 A" B, r/ j3 d 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! S( G' W- A4 B; O
: i$ h, G2 H! YCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 q' T# p. D" {" m 133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ o* `& m+ g! Q
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ u) G2 d7 M5 R6 R" O8 R5 K6 ^; { 135. Popular nonobedience3 p. q4 t6 ~) J7 S! v' c! {* n8 x Q
136. Disguised disobedience
+ [1 H$ \, R1 T$ C/ Q2 g' ? 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 g* k6 K6 o! ~6 N
138. Sitdown4 I3 \2 B# R5 C C q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& Y% x+ j7 |' n( L: [, I1 h 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ @) u7 N4 {/ q. a8 X 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' Z0 j) ]" x( S: }
- {5 L, u o- X8 {7 w& K) uAction by Government Personnel
5 j; t% Z( J/ x3 J7 {* d7 h 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ d A) H9 V: Y% g* m 143. Blocking of lines of command and information t2 h7 @! L" z0 m+ \; O+ M1 C9 C7 c
144. Stalling and obstruction) j) |( G; _+ E& u, n3 g
145. General administrative noncooperation8 e; \. ?% A# o4 [
& A4 [, p0 s8 s' P' u 146. Judicial noncooperation. _5 C9 e% w& K0 y/ f: n4 h4 h
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. S2 k. H6 v* z. w3 q/ Q 148. Mutiny+ ?1 [* \4 f) l, h# F
Domestic Governmental Action
' l; _5 m N$ h2 _! U 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( Y. n% F9 J5 v' }* f+ W: H 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. R8 N8 } e+ {' m
: w( H# c/ E" N4 F' f
International Governmental Action# ]; V1 c m1 x9 l, x+ ]5 V+ W
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ G8 {3 X& q) K 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; {, i/ M% R; @+ I8 V, P
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ [! Q: K+ q. m* D, Z, @
154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 w5 L( b; R6 \% a: z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 n* P8 L* @1 v: M 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- L3 j- R% m- o. L+ N' R9 f0 y
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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; ~9 D' M' G b" X9 R) E- }8 p) w) {4 Y% _& \8 }
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
+ M) R9 K( @, _6 W7 f7 ]; Y1 U3 U* p# c. L$ T1 d/ m' {/ _
% h% ~7 b- Z4 J" |7 xPsychological Intervention. _! ?% v5 d; W2 N* E
158. Self-exposure to the elements
! c3 r4 F9 N1 g6 T8 Y$ V 159. The fast
% r; T" q* x) S' I; v( ^; a5 | a) Fast of moral pressure
6 P- U$ c7 i3 B) g+ @. G& ` b) Hunger strike
], P: V6 Z- L) c( Z c) Satyagrahic fast& s6 S, P* p; Z5 X Q! k
160. Reverse trial# y' l% _6 t& B/ E. P
161. Nonviolent harassment
% ^- x3 s0 ]- A, x1 h m, n1 v% q' |( b9 s& E( ~; @' r/ Z7 N& w
Physical Intervention
+ F8 V/ a8 D0 @) X" n% e 162. Sit-in3 a7 f& [* O# K- `" j N* s/ s
163. Stand-in4 B) q$ V8 X7 l" T
164. Ride-in
( i* ?& G( G; q 165. Wade-in
# `* X; W4 Y" ] 166. Mill-in) m5 ?$ z5 L3 C1 e' k2 ]
167. Pray-in
5 s* x: o7 p- G% \0 b/ T. h4 D' p 168. Nonviolent raids
3 V! Y: }/ P1 b6 C+ p8 ? 169. Nonviolent air raids
, r8 Q* G. F I/ E6 Q* \ 170. Nonviolent invasion
3 r @$ c/ {- t- M' [) ~2 p 171. Nonviolent interjection& z+ B; I$ G( O/ u4 d
172. Nonviolent obstruction/ I3 X( t1 D* ^: g
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention3 m9 J1 s# d9 a/ E6 `0 _
174. Establishing new social patterns
' d, |% ]* j' J6 z! E# F 175. Overloading of facilities4 [( j+ l9 Q- z5 e
176. Stall-in
! A& z( e7 w, ~3 G, ~ 177. Speak-in
7 e7 C: f8 L& ]# S1 Y0 @ 178. Guerrilla theater
3 N9 [' l9 i, i) m 179. Alternative social institutions
& |7 Y! h! @! V6 V' t- w$ f% D 180. Alternative communication system
6 e4 `5 Q! U) ~2 H# U0 V7 S. \5 z6 e& F
Economic Intervention. [1 Z0 j# W9 U" H" g( j& s$ r3 p% f
181. Reverse strike, g% [, j3 e2 Y$ w1 K3 Z1 f% y' N
182. Stay-in strike+ |; U6 L' f" z5 B' c- [3 v3 G3 i
183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 a6 J5 C* z! P6 |, \ 184. Defiance of blockades
' V" o }, Z6 K 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' v% @ K+ b" e 186. Preclusive purchasing$ `6 Z5 f/ U$ T4 p
187. Seizure of assets
2 P4 w& \4 N. g0 q! b 188. Dumping
! y/ O: B" h i) ]9 ]: | 189. Selective patronage
: e( \' Q' J! F8 |& o/ \ 190. Alternative markets
8 s5 `, h# s! l, b 191. Alternative transportation systems
6 O8 W! Q9 `% y3 p" L 192. Alternative economic institutions/ i* a9 v. B/ V
- D# o! Q; G L5 d" FPolitical Intervention
. A6 o$ |/ e5 E; L) D 193. Overloading of administrative systems
: D0 N5 z& J" g# T3 [7 o 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- u1 X) Z1 r* D8 ^ h& f 195. Seeking imprisonment* l' r8 M1 W N$ R
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# } O% u4 |- N) |3 S 197. Work-on without collaboration0 {" I. h: V" S7 W! z. ^
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government5 w* U8 [' r3 }
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
