 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& `) G ?" O# ?; i1 |! ]1 Y9 Y' a) WFormal Statements) s+ H" C3 I3 g( r5 x1 P+ s ^
1. Public Speeches
6 M2 \6 T( D# m# B3 k 2. Letters of opposition or support/ r5 I' p- z1 g; _$ O8 Q* q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions& K; a/ l$ _8 U: e0 Q! U4 D) g5 P
4. Signed public statements
% O" | ]; _* b 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 t; D0 @% f) j& \ 6. Group or mass petitions
, i* v3 C ^3 H4 K5 m- W
% Z$ s/ a% H: g2 d6 I6 Z4 |Communications with a Wider Audience
& n/ l$ p! W" [ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) [9 O" P% T% H1 H. r) z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 |* j+ [4 {+ f# M 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 c# A1 \# X. F2 _) S# ~- h
10. Newspapers and journals( T G4 u" ^7 r0 C
11. Records, radio, and television
" {7 f X& i0 i+ a7 ]# y# ~ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ b7 Z/ J' B2 f7 o; V% r& {
" Z4 V. ?( d B4 |9 d* T& t. T$ O3 SGroup Representations$ f% ~. `+ e8 r# }& {3 b
13. Deputations8 o( H% Y/ Q# g
14. Mock awards; Z Z( T% L4 X+ k# {
15. Group lobbying8 h G0 J1 e# u6 g u y' A
16. Picketing
) T% O: c. T+ e; z% E" C 17. Mock elections& @" e8 h X" I& q2 q) d2 u3 n6 }
0 T. T8 p7 m! {* e, |* o& n Z
Symbolic Public Acts
1 q+ t9 D+ r/ S 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 A2 [: `& H* e 19. Wearing of symbols
" r# r( \7 k" } 20. Prayer and worship- g2 _! q, q1 @6 D2 [0 P
21. Delivering symbolic objects& ]2 e& k5 e" x: \
22. Protest disrobings
\/ @: M# X9 i) v- \3 T+ O9 h 23. Destruction of own property
' W" X6 K% X: s; O) d 24. Symbolic lights I1 K8 K( R: M
25. Displays of portraits9 w5 l8 N" ~( S$ e2 p0 T7 q# @5 z
26. Paint as protest
% \$ {) T, w: X; }. Y) Q 27. New signs and names
4 R8 x) S; Y2 r- @# m 28. Symbolic sounds
5 g! A O: y0 z8 y# {: A8 k( y 29. Symbolic reclamations% }* M+ k; s6 Q
30. Rude gestures; U& ^. p9 V% J0 j, l
2 K2 ?* i3 f) _$ \- QPressures on Individuals" S- f$ a: o$ V$ ~" m
31. “Haunting” officials9 F8 b# z3 d/ B; X! [
32. Taunting officials
& \' {; M V0 c5 F0 N2 N5 h* o+ y 33. Fraternization5 j7 q; {7 }/ y( o+ o
34. Vigils) r! J, O2 ]) j- |0 i
k7 o% s1 ?& H: }6 f) yDrama and Music
, Z$ ]7 l. Q" {+ v 35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 R. o+ p+ u& a$ R! |0 m; _ 36. Performances of plays and music
; _2 q* E9 I, A% b+ x% }/ K" W 37. Singing
; l& p) N2 ?$ p- Q' c5 C% A$ h. N
) a2 k0 k+ `' J, L: ~Processions
2 \; L! Y) O* u2 Q4 w1 J0 { 38. Marches* s9 b8 S" Z, L4 b
39. Parades
* B& @% g0 |- @$ E0 D) y 40. Religious processions" F3 E$ E& [; ]3 g: p
41. Pilgrimages S$ F4 Z% p4 S+ B+ N9 x
42. Motorcades
3 c$ |# M8 L0 _) i
$ N) ]; g5 Q) ?Honoring the Dead
' @8 v$ N u6 W- `( R 43. Political mourning# @+ |, V5 H( y) P; V, E
44. Mock funerals
" F- N5 Y/ u% k& o5 w& o7 f% B 45. Demonstrative funerals1 J# I, f! y: v. O! m# l; k0 T
46. Homage at burial places
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# a! \5 q8 T! C1 S% @" m K" B5 fPublic Assemblies- U7 |" w% Q! p4 F/ y8 V
47. Assemblies of protest or support
0 E! V% ^/ _4 f! g 48. Protest meetings
7 C+ P( X' u& B0 m7 J) p 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 C$ r) v) [( U. ~( P7 n+ P U
50. Teach-ins' @! p% R4 e- J
4 h8 X! l% Q: f- u9 E( {6 a
Withdrawal and Renunciation
9 @. n7 t8 |+ O, G5 H 51. Walk-outs
" f; j+ G: y/ X0 o% D 52. Silence1 @6 f; S$ Z0 g) G4 \
53. Renouncing honors8 i; @9 R q' L
54. Turning one’s back
7 Q+ E! }- n x5 U, i8 g0 a& j$ r7 O0 S8 G
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0 T2 E% F5 }6 P- J0 @THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( S! H& F0 ~! g6 J5 S
/ e1 l# e$ g% W; S! g7 u: |9 n% o( y
4 T3 p" [* P/ _
8 P1 ?- A: ], Q( [# d* COstracism of Persons, N- Y5 \9 V% A. m. A. e
55. Social boycott9 T) _& {* N6 {& L/ w1 l
56. Selective social boycott$ K- x* f, \6 e" [9 B8 {
57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 V1 @# {7 k. j 58. Excommunication
% B' L. \" G4 f4 l, ?- T 59. Interdict
3 S6 }, g5 _. ?2 j# N9 N7 M
3 P, M% w2 x' K% i* _: V2 SNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 R- D3 U# h3 x 60. Suspension of social and sports activities3 G d9 J0 B6 Z1 r# R' D
61. Boycott of social affairs5 S2 C4 s/ {9 X; G; i
62. Student strike4 a% Q9 A8 u$ s
63. Social disobedience
8 L# M1 ?5 Q( i" K8 C" d 64. Withdrawal from social institutions& W5 i2 d4 T5 V, ]: V S: w
( C( d4 V! ?1 Y# ~
Withdrawal from the Social System
8 j% e2 t9 N/ f0 O& Q0 Q' B4 ~ 65. Stay-at-home4 D; u6 P# t9 }4 {
66. Total personal noncooperation
: K% u; Y+ g" w- D 67. “Flight” of workers+ Z: ^& I) V5 i% r0 }) ^
68. Sanctuary7 W. H+ q$ c2 e/ b
69. Collective disappearance
- _! Z5 E& E' b4 C- b/ y! v# r+ q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& p, B9 a& M4 t7 D- F. e
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( ^; z) s: a$ s; n( J% [; @3 b# JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
8 |, F) I: u/ \6 e
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2 I; l: J0 H, C# q+ w: uActions by Consumers& w; X4 K6 ], H, l2 P2 @8 x4 K& m
71. Consumers’ boycott
0 l7 r/ J8 }, f2 W% }: _! Z5 x 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* ^7 p: b7 P" p 73. Policy of austerity
6 Y) v$ i2 F& q 74. Rent withholding
$ n8 o# ]. w, W9 ], @3 H 75. Refusal to rent0 M7 k% B9 \7 H: X& Y! u
76. National consumers’ boycott
0 K1 C+ K9 a4 t) a 77. International consumers’ boycott
( U3 g0 O& H4 c; i; [5 R% O7 Q# J. A8 w9 L# r: J# u0 L
Action by Workers and Producers
% M- s0 z2 d" s5 _4 x! i( k 78. Workmen’s boycott
9 c% L' [0 o; C" l# B! j" c 79. Producers’ boycott1 O+ T6 k/ ]# z Q: X1 ?4 i
; J6 o7 C7 j2 r) ?) jAction by Middlemen" S+ T1 q$ r8 a: R7 a
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 d9 l3 W# U- S# s
3 m2 Q6 ?1 @9 j) J/ hAction by Owners and Management
; y) X% F% x% N- f: A 81. Traders’ boycott3 j& g+ R( z w# B
82. Refusal to let or sell property
- [2 N$ V8 ]3 }; m" y 83. Lockout5 `# |7 d/ _( r5 ^
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- ]3 R$ A/ M; t9 w5 { 85. Merchants’ “general strike”) ~& h! b3 V U: s2 U9 e
" `& ?- [) k) S- Y2 v1 n( R {Action by Holders of Financial Resources
1 @& d" e( J" [ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; y [' A4 h7 O% ?' c
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 S" ~. O/ i% G7 b
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- b) w4 q* B4 G9 [
89. Severance of funds and credit
8 K( A5 i+ N9 }; Q2 l3 q2 Y8 j 90. Revenue refusal* V D5 w- U5 f' C
91. Refusal of a government’s money3 t3 y7 f) W% ^
0 e; h( ^3 `4 ^Action by Governments; n& R' t; P$ q% V- [% O
92. Domestic embargo' X4 i# D& l4 X
93. Blacklisting of traders$ ]4 S _6 e5 z
94. International sellers’ embargo
. }# Z+ q% `$ _+ Y2 W 95. International buyers’ embargo
' U8 l6 O% C7 d; E& j 96. International trade embargo m/ @! W1 _( a+ @. {
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; i3 a- ^& M; y4 gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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+ L. d G0 n' g/ c! y8 l; YSymbolic Strikes6 }7 T, q/ U2 X" `
97. Protest strike4 m& v4 J8 C9 R6 V/ N
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% ^( b0 w1 Z, H+ z% m; \
A C t/ F8 C8 {
Agricultural Strikes
* G( ?3 `8 p! f' Q* S4 U 99. Peasant strike! Q6 H# N8 y) R0 w( u
100. Farm Workers’ strike3 p- Y0 b! Y5 x0 e! Y8 q" C* a
( {$ C t, \0 \
Strikes by Special Groups
g' A; k! O8 N- U. W) g 101. Refusal of impressed labor! G; j" V2 P9 r: ~8 h8 N/ c
102. Prisoners’ strike# ` V& F# j I4 O" V
103. Craft strike
y0 U1 \- I/ g% j2 K' \$ P( d 104. Professional strike
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes8 b3 C, ?" A! J0 O+ \. h; A. Q
105. Establishment strike
2 |; E/ u7 u$ O( G 106. Industry strike+ p8 R; w4 O2 V* P) a
107. Sympathetic strike4 @- {* }0 ^$ T0 Q \0 k
7 M" C) g; S* T2 B" M
Restricted Strikes. }7 Y: Y2 ~: u5 [; X
108. Detailed strike
$ A2 U3 `1 u# C. n 109. Bumper strike
" {' N3 b8 _' ] 110. Slowdown strike/ a* c! v) O7 v# ~9 `& H/ n
111. Working-to-rule strike9 \' q0 h7 G/ [: p2 e" Q
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ q, C7 X$ `9 B4 ~/ L
113. Strike by resignation2 @1 t2 N. A& [6 V' P- M
114. Limited strike
/ F6 ?0 h/ u& @ 115. Selective strike3 ?& J5 `+ y' X' u: _, ?8 l* I
2 F' d% r( J! x. [7 _' nMulti-Industry Strikes
; [& o6 `, l; L8 j7 H& Z* E
! z, S% R, o2 l/ } 116. Generalized strike) V: L: ?+ K9 h
6 O) P! |# `: [ 117. General strike1 _- O/ J. c. n4 H: x- j, t
' c2 N4 E4 R. _0 L" N
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 W# q: }- p2 q; L/ S0 q/ m
8 z9 k* m( e x8 {; E8 p. w1 W% L
118. Hartal
7 w- O' B8 w1 b$ t. m* n: G4 z- B7 s" K3 t" q
119. Economic shutdown
1 L- G% S1 X' A' s5 e: I0 s* t) g3 R- _+ E
6 ]! M+ U2 S) ~6 T$ c$ s
4 U9 q& j* {5 e1 Y& R& o R* `" N
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" O- g1 j/ z& n% `; Q6 V
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Rejection of Authority
9 ~% q# g+ |% ]4 c! x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 ~$ }9 q- F) v; p% x# z
121. Refusal of public support
2 c3 y% w* a+ a/ `/ w5 o, K5 I 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
/ X' ~% K' g, Q H6 _7 c" z1 }; ^' o* y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
; s; R0 V9 m0 Y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies* e# D/ I7 F3 e' y3 d
124. Boycott of elections4 ^ d/ ]2 N7 f4 w+ ?$ h$ N7 f
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& ^# m$ z" J, j( Z9 }# Z! s# i5 q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies9 V1 B4 L: y9 e8 V9 B0 _
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; V9 a1 h. {5 M; f D1 d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations! r0 ]/ I7 H& i
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 |. V% j; g" n: \4 \& D1 J 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% m1 A5 ]# I9 O5 w 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 G; P% ~; J; [, u* V
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. e" V/ p( c1 Z- C8 S5 n
$ _8 h0 k1 b+ I @+ g) k
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 n8 K0 m8 x f) g5 e 133. Reluctant and slow compliance% U- D5 l6 V$ u% b6 r$ c0 @
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 c4 |" l7 \* ~/ W2 w 135. Popular nonobedience" P$ L7 a* n9 T p8 Z( ~
136. Disguised disobedience
5 E; }0 h( \" _, F3 P 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ ^' a5 d2 ?: F( Z& a3 k% ^. l 138. Sitdown
" Z: \% G7 D9 [; N 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) I k9 `! {; I& x; y8 Q5 k8 ]
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ x% \# N3 d# a; w1 s! T 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* k9 D0 k- [) p
% @; p& s9 [ u
Action by Government Personnel+ R/ M. m1 Q0 G' Y2 g7 ]/ i5 ^
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( E6 z# l) z! u6 M5 j! V 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
- s9 r) N9 {! j: t/ I/ x2 p& ] 144. Stalling and obstruction
4 C; \# e( U# ]$ G7 X 145. General administrative noncooperation9 s) I4 o; j- a) T! X" g5 ~
* Z0 e0 `' @5 W+ h; [4 V% A
146. Judicial noncooperation
4 s5 ~2 k- ?! W+ T& f5 P3 | 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents1 k# j$ w4 n# R' r" R
148. Mutiny: m2 l; B/ m8 D/ n1 @* H# |7 D/ w
Domestic Governmental Action
+ {# e) \; R }8 V 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ A, _5 i# B: B6 q, v/ [* v. c' X
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
, t6 Y/ U3 Y. X( I0 M( H) [7 T4 C5 J5 P' ?: l" C+ F7 A& t% B
International Governmental Action
7 n: M3 ^- i% Z- ? 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
0 @ L, p% Q7 s* W# O6 A4 w9 P 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# @& C1 M3 S1 t* V9 t- J 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! o# F ?8 S& k. ` t4 B 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" i$ o* U. c: H8 n 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# b- d* ?' Y: D# u) ~8 Q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 X$ E7 u3 z4 f 157. Expulsion from international organizations- l: b% {! G9 q. ?" S
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) u( x U0 j4 G7 ]THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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) k: u; @0 B, s$ ], t9 ?& @+ mPsychological Intervention
+ R4 O. D: \8 Q. d2 ?8 E6 D; J 158. Self-exposure to the elements6 T7 X# K+ s; ^2 Z D: L
159. The fast: o, h3 ]8 _2 ~
a) Fast of moral pressure: {$ v+ @: U) W+ R5 e0 R. z
b) Hunger strike
. Y$ C4 H# d& K: F+ U+ N' W c) Satyagrahic fast
1 u8 r1 k! W- O8 J' g 160. Reverse trial
% y' w2 @0 w0 y 161. Nonviolent harassment
+ ?4 |' ^. {) V1 P1 M( Q+ l& v$ X( A3 k+ m3 \6 Q6 f- Q5 q6 y
Physical Intervention* i1 @9 X) u+ H+ ]; Z5 I
162. Sit-in
( @' F, p& V, L 163. Stand-in- I6 q- E' g/ M* j( E
164. Ride-in
0 Y, ~4 \ |9 J. h 165. Wade-in- Y5 {8 @8 L! o' T3 v# o/ l
166. Mill-in8 g4 m0 J5 n; o* V: u7 R" u
167. Pray-in
) C" _1 N$ |9 @1 \2 o8 _1 u 168. Nonviolent raids/ B5 u9 O) c# o; E8 u$ k, \! V
169. Nonviolent air raids5 e/ _; \4 ~, X6 ]9 C
170. Nonviolent invasion
! H u6 p1 a/ E9 S" n. Z; p* s 171. Nonviolent interjection1 l! b- N! R( t7 @! X" [
172. Nonviolent obstruction9 J1 u4 T. m1 f+ b
173. Nonviolent occupation
9 y. { ]0 v$ c2 c+ R! U, q2 V. v& n3 ^$ r$ _3 m& I
Social Intervention
, S( w) C2 c% j; ]2 k 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 w. T n! B" Y" h: [: @ 175. Overloading of facilities
9 q8 D$ q, y- G- \+ l7 \ 176. Stall-in# V( U5 f6 N1 [/ ]& X8 S% `* r1 r
177. Speak-in- k) J x. h# C! B3 n' o5 `
178. Guerrilla theater. ]% S7 w r4 a4 L+ W
179. Alternative social institutions8 j% i4 J1 v) T( N% C" ~) ?
180. Alternative communication system
; I X4 P% U0 |; X5 W. G1 e
( v0 P+ Y' ~0 q U) ^/ \2 `, }Economic Intervention1 T' @* }$ r6 y( }- V4 A
181. Reverse strike+ P5 Y- a) \- K+ L: s# U8 y
182. Stay-in strike
1 b. _1 {: x$ { 183. Nonviolent land seizure
( G- }1 ]2 _# |+ u& p# B9 N+ ? 184. Defiance of blockades
7 ?$ S& }' Q5 o" c. C$ b 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( {( |/ c: q8 Q3 n0 _5 m8 E 186. Preclusive purchasing
- L* V: p/ N3 d. p9 P: e 187. Seizure of assets
9 x! N6 s2 C6 c' x* a% S& N. c- K 188. Dumping
0 r" v4 D" R. f 189. Selective patronage( p+ F7 N! m( z4 M" y# V
190. Alternative markets
; g1 [9 ~2 Z& ?- o. A 191. Alternative transportation systems
) b9 k- Z+ X6 Z# n- j8 _, s( i, m 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 V# W+ Q4 j5 N" W& t$ J. A
6 c" y1 _3 t3 b3 T) Z: X4 _Political Intervention% j" @ \( q5 s, }* n! [. A
193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 i2 K- \1 U. Q% l) ~ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 d* O% E, P: T2 Q 195. Seeking imprisonment% O1 t/ w* |2 q0 k
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
$ q4 L" {4 y; N" A M 197. Work-on without collaboration
6 L4 M3 x2 S+ X. } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
