 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION4 t C+ A+ q4 q
Formal Statements! t& T# I7 L3 R' o" G
1. Public Speeches4 j- H5 b$ ^+ M7 [1 O7 J
2. Letters of opposition or support
* g3 Z+ k' S8 C: q8 P( V5 q5 Z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& r" J( j7 A$ u9 t) z0 b7 J2 i 4. Signed public statements
; [# c$ N A; T2 w+ e7 v 5. Declarations of indictment and intention$ L3 ~$ b& }/ e8 m0 g" Q% Z
6. Group or mass petitions
" u) J8 U( V2 i4 q& u
+ @ U! A& X6 |" q" Z$ ]Communications with a Wider Audience2 X1 }+ Y. W. y' t; d% r
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; I' |; y C: r$ x 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! B H5 o- D; }( @$ _0 S 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 M( Z- g }+ x' w8 @1 j" Y+ ^ 10. Newspapers and journals
9 _( x/ h9 U) `, | 11. Records, radio, and television
+ G1 P) J/ v: L& |; N. ]$ Y 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# e% o) p$ i' G7 v- X, q8 _# J$ [) \7 }. X8 ~
Group Representations0 J+ Z8 g. ]" i
13. Deputations/ q& \7 \ v H: ~; q) ^
14. Mock awards
4 r- v# \- ^9 a" |8 P7 r 15. Group lobbying# Y$ R' O2 a# U/ e2 x
16. Picketing- M+ q6 d; T% g, ^
17. Mock elections
: e2 E3 y9 Y1 ?, j1 a1 R+ w8 s
; H' P: W# A6 @( Q/ {* [' MSymbolic Public Acts$ C4 x) f/ C; J% O
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. k7 |. h6 ]3 b4 C, |- \
19. Wearing of symbols
+ K, s) K6 z0 `8 P 20. Prayer and worship
% P( e. v K A# x 21. Delivering symbolic objects' O& r) _; q# |' r1 {9 w
22. Protest disrobings
) l& D9 ~/ r/ F/ B {. p 23. Destruction of own property: D1 F' k) n9 Q) n3 K2 v- Q
24. Symbolic lights5 ?- }6 ]# r" i4 A. [: @* B* _
25. Displays of portraits5 n) r1 @7 j$ r8 S% j! ~
26. Paint as protest
$ K' x, m; X1 ^' p/ R* ~& a7 N m 27. New signs and names
0 X! z4 l1 P* e, f; X/ G 28. Symbolic sounds
# K- F% m, J. g' j; {* |* L9 l 29. Symbolic reclamations5 ^ x+ L! @5 E, x7 F4 w
30. Rude gestures. d9 L( A. p/ `# x
! ]* W7 R5 W5 N' ]8 V1 WPressures on Individuals E# n% Q, j U/ e2 @
31. “Haunting” officials
3 z- a4 e" X; x. a. B( ~ 32. Taunting officials
' e: _5 v7 p2 U( P8 U- F) Z" | 33. Fraternization+ c: p3 I. g, A) d- x
34. Vigils
* W. Z8 D' g$ l1 z$ d( }8 V* m; F C+ N
Drama and Music, i3 V9 F1 W2 j& [, H) ~9 n
35. Humorous skits and pranks
" P! j% ^9 V) i 36. Performances of plays and music# B! t: S' C* {3 N. T) C
37. Singing& A# f# y k" H, `& e Z
& i1 w( Z/ F, M/ E! @; P
Processions# n" ], Q5 r4 n
38. Marches- k7 h. C& f4 [7 N: D
39. Parades
) b/ O" { d+ _7 g' V 40. Religious processions
7 D" ]: ^4 e; @% U$ R 41. Pilgrimages
* p1 O& r8 w! j* Y6 K4 ~7 Y) ` 42. Motorcades
- ]( W' \+ v6 f" H+ G4 r: ]
. P5 Y6 \7 |7 U) Z; I5 c7 XHonoring the Dead
- ~) w' e$ F7 M4 l0 A2 n 43. Political mourning
! Q- L9 F. N' [3 d9 {- O) L 44. Mock funerals& @3 O. g6 d9 }9 d- `" w
45. Demonstrative funerals
" J/ P! `; h% G 46. Homage at burial places
: O3 K4 f, ^1 _/ X9 m
% d, f* F- m; V; o3 kPublic Assemblies) _% W' `+ M8 K0 W9 T. R% V
47. Assemblies of protest or support8 I1 q% v' I' a6 B: f0 v, g
48. Protest meetings% y; x2 L- a/ @! V
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest; P. ?; b2 G& w) M
50. Teach-ins, X9 [' {4 O9 E/ o6 y3 y' F
( V1 j. g4 ?( ]4 f; z' }: z! z# _! K% bWithdrawal and Renunciation$ w, \& M. c; J/ r/ C
51. Walk-outs
' E" y- }+ S2 V5 z7 u 52. Silence
& |$ w; d8 A; z$ x% R8 G$ N, i 53. Renouncing honors
& k: a, R# Q+ M1 j0 _; B5 Z 54. Turning one’s back
5 }1 g! @( w8 b+ S9 Y* g1 B
1 V+ V0 a1 Y6 U$ P4 A: C6 m / s" \6 o8 S7 \
& q2 ~/ P- i6 o5 f, z( {& c, z2 \THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 v/ E0 B) y1 [0 E# |) v4 g8 Q& r" R M
7 G% \* }3 a; s& V* U9 _: f
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2 t$ Q8 A b; ?7 K! ~- M8 K0 UOstracism of Persons
0 c: d( ?; v1 I% }0 ^+ k; u 55. Social boycott# U- }7 q) J9 `- ]
56. Selective social boycott
! p- u8 K" K) k) ?7 E7 s 57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ x& I* d. n3 H" Y3 ^0 C6 v 58. Excommunication
# ?* C0 v7 k" ~$ M, ~ 59. Interdict
, d3 o5 ? ]* R8 W3 w* Y
! N+ O# z& e9 T$ ]" S' ZNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 }, X/ s" |; \, x( w" m 60. Suspension of social and sports activities, k' {/ c3 ]' h/ @1 T" m
61. Boycott of social affairs
5 x+ k4 r$ z7 ~1 Y% q 62. Student strike
8 O, M; x2 b; ^* G) e" \ 63. Social disobedience9 {0 i3 v5 d( U4 I2 w
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 [9 N: G- x6 D. }! C4 M" ~" Y' Q' p* }% O6 L. ~, ?% S
Withdrawal from the Social System1 ]4 t1 J' u+ ^. i8 T+ \6 p, }
65. Stay-at-home
1 }" b" B" _1 ^2 h) Q 66. Total personal noncooperation/ X# N4 C$ ]( ^( x
67. “Flight” of workers2 W5 S* _0 A+ s9 z
68. Sanctuary
7 o+ K) l/ w/ h3 ? 69. Collective disappearance
6 @( \, c; l3 m2 U- x; C* ^ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)* o2 R, `( X* m' n V+ D/ t
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' q( @- q6 ?; r, r) zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. _- @ C$ s5 ^+ j x( d
8 Q4 v% E9 s7 Z& R; ]: D2 D: _2 R, I
7 G' ~5 V, w. B: g$ G4 RActions by Consumers
9 s! w4 z5 W3 g- ?3 \$ H% A: H 71. Consumers’ boycott
* J5 u3 L1 f5 D! J4 _7 F8 s6 J* X 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods2 j+ [( R3 A' o* [$ H7 Z) E
73. Policy of austerity' [7 b) y" t6 b- `! k
74. Rent withholding
& m; ]% F# E% [) C 75. Refusal to rent. ?- {0 H0 h+ Y0 H6 F' t
76. National consumers’ boycott1 G4 j8 s6 Q4 R6 K+ F
77. International consumers’ boycott% W) k" a3 X- T, `
* J1 C9 y% F4 M- ?% IAction by Workers and Producers+ G9 j, i+ O/ K& }- |
78. Workmen’s boycott
' _6 B6 E2 c! ]! r8 b 79. Producers’ boycott" B; S! m! |( p4 `3 F( h/ ^
; m6 f, ~' g/ \% I' hAction by Middlemen& J4 t+ Q" q' v: a
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 ~) n' k+ U. h
y/ j4 y7 }* W0 ]3 i2 sAction by Owners and Management
/ n' C W, `+ b" t! h 81. Traders’ boycott# A+ d6 q/ \; Y8 r0 Y
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! a- R3 k' J/ H6 k; W5 Q 83. Lockout9 `8 j" n" M6 ]7 h, k! S( f
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! G: S/ c& T5 z5 g
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
# s! S+ N* F2 _8 B8 z0 T" p
6 z- q- P5 B2 b% pAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! b/ U" V8 g6 E: P8 m 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
2 D' f1 q9 h" m2 b 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ b: o2 }# V: m* c8 p; l
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest% {. r9 J( d6 G8 h% B
89. Severance of funds and credit
! u1 w( P4 N, _) [9 ~ 90. Revenue refusal
; s. {2 A7 \+ J* c 91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 m! @# w* f; o) Z5 l& ?: [- N6 d/ y* I/ T6 j* r1 L* w+ V
Action by Governments) v. a5 w/ O R c2 Q
92. Domestic embargo" S2 t' z3 y/ k0 n0 g% K" e* ^
93. Blacklisting of traders9 m- ]7 m: t; m/ V" q q7 V0 R2 @
94. International sellers’ embargo
0 g4 ?+ F) K o' p# K3 j 95. International buyers’ embargo
5 `/ l5 ]% f$ g9 ^: T1 S+ s. j# \ 96. International trade embargo
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" C4 R( p, W9 [( D) w& c2 _" l( p3 Z
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' k) l- s% t7 Z$ D: ^8 h( w
# I3 x- H9 a" R) b4 `+ {% ?3 }2 s" V
0 _" y( c E9 U+ `- tSymbolic Strikes
& [+ M( [* [+ a- C$ P5 z+ Z 97. Protest strike
) K& b" g+ K: z9 X% F7 C7 I- O 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. b: }* h0 p. v# L- w3 g; T3 [' N& p3 ]. Q* y
Agricultural Strikes
8 v' L2 |0 k+ U3 a' n& p5 O 99. Peasant strike
7 Z' {. c; u3 d) c) S% S- `- J( l 100. Farm Workers’ strike7 k; i3 L- ]* @: @5 Y7 T5 Q, d' @
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Strikes by Special Groups! ?$ o+ o7 a* N2 }
101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ j/ a" L% K" M% i9 | 102. Prisoners’ strike
6 p3 p( [0 o& ~6 j. H/ ` 103. Craft strike
9 `; C5 r: I! k- Z- Z" ?/ X* ] 104. Professional strike
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6 O2 W: Q% ?& ^" t- BOrdinary Industrial Strikes
" G7 q) B" r, F4 L) J 105. Establishment strike6 R# x/ m B |7 M) A/ ~" ^
106. Industry strike1 {7 B2 n5 A+ o1 N$ k) F
107. Sympathetic strike
, k$ g7 |# f! Q( z5 {4 f
. Y% H8 p& v9 v( CRestricted Strikes7 t; w6 P4 {0 b( [
108. Detailed strike
7 X2 p6 _; j5 y. Q( I4 @ 109. Bumper strike
5 O) i! T& `) v4 h 110. Slowdown strike
& \* }, @" o6 T$ C2 U4 ^$ p 111. Working-to-rule strike
% ]4 W: T6 f! s l6 G 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 s- c3 s% i" Z) |1 c4 e( l
113. Strike by resignation
# E2 b M) Y) z% N( h! d5 P 114. Limited strike$ V( R; J" R! ` t" J) @
115. Selective strike( }5 \6 ~0 X* j0 s5 T3 V
1 ^- M+ x4 E0 z, SMulti-Industry Strikes. h* _0 r% C' N! _
8 e; K# J) H' g: n2 I
116. Generalized strike0 M$ V# i2 B! @8 L& D, a
) U0 H8 L4 c7 g$ A5 Z0 l( A4 l8 p 117. General strike7 e" L& r1 o: N+ r
, }6 H. F8 H5 V' V, A
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
& W1 S; `- D3 H2 K d( w" b& S! s5 [# N2 a1 d% u5 b" e$ j
118. Hartal1 w4 h+ @; p3 ~9 W; a1 Y
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119. Economic shutdown! b9 s/ ^0 r* k+ Q: i" F
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8 k4 J$ t/ B# W3 [& b: l: g8 P& Y7 _9 Q. M) R- ~( y
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
1 m9 \6 `) C2 \8 I) n4 _) L4 q9 s* d1 F0 _- }2 R5 P8 \
8 G H# A( Z* O' }6 q# D+ e9 NRejection of Authority) `) {# A4 n$ [1 B9 Y( v: t# s3 K
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 K( f1 K; Z; e; R) o y$ S: h 121. Refusal of public support' E( e% g% H7 I* T4 m8 [
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% t S4 F( z5 L) K4 v- ~2 n
0 j( G, V* Q' Q" [+ c0 f
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* E! u5 U# U7 s& k
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
8 c/ C* f+ k' l: ^ 124. Boycott of elections% ~4 i2 U9 `) D
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! c' u' _2 ?! i3 z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 h1 L! w, V) }* `0 b' Z3 `
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: i5 ], T' @( N: [ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. ?/ S3 z" c9 ^. o6 t" _2 g 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents3 O* g c9 Z# b# b" m( ?
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# H" T' I% m% P, j' E" q |6 k 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( O! U4 t- }+ i4 N8 }( g. u# @ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
. C8 B1 s. T' D6 G% L+ C3 ~* {- \& j1 X$ F- h1 ?6 K! Z) v
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; {. }- H( U% m! z' f5 V
133. Reluctant and slow compliance% I8 m; U8 E% @9 Y |0 X
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' a- X! q9 J/ e5 ]
135. Popular nonobedience
7 b, z+ O8 _3 @& j2 \7 U' F6 E' c/ } 136. Disguised disobedience
, I* D. X0 x" U! K2 p, b5 c# G 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 ]6 S5 C$ e% ~ 138. Sitdown+ F7 |2 {4 X: D% G; J
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
9 `- Q9 X ~% l1 Z3 B( u( t0 _ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 S" f) }, C7 U4 \% f: u! [ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 X) M' C7 h( |/ ~! E4 `9 M7 @' L3 T+ B
) g# @8 `9 e, t/ l2 f/ B) `0 s& [
Action by Government Personnel
' `: w, L+ U' \) n 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 i7 h/ Q! j7 o, @( D$ N8 n 143. Blocking of lines of command and information* s5 P4 x: q+ {' a( r! U
144. Stalling and obstruction- H. T. N2 x$ \" f+ A$ V
145. General administrative noncooperation
( t4 V1 b5 M+ B! x+ Q1 U7 r9 t. C0 L$ L- A
146. Judicial noncooperation
# c2 _# d1 j% o) J- { 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents1 ]8 W# m) x1 v1 a
148. Mutiny- o/ t2 P. ?9 S
Domestic Governmental Action
1 Z7 j) a6 `' D6 f) n& m; x 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( p5 a/ b2 L8 @) G+ G6 @
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# h" M- S5 d& @' e% ?
! q- v; j9 f. y+ N) S/ Q2 M- x' ]1 LInternational Governmental Action
- Y( Z. n* d7 Z/ W7 ~( t1 E3 E 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. m, G1 ~0 t+ Y" Q6 w: {& ~: X; Q" |
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% \# l. U2 r ~0 x9 f4 Y% S) G& L
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; d! v& _% g7 j 154. Severance of diplomatic relations( X, n* {- d- k; B1 U
155. Withdrawal from international organizations" M0 w; s1 ~- g
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* _3 T0 z' J2 p+ P- X7 ^7 f' ], t0 H
157. Expulsion from international organizations% \7 @" [! l$ d& Q9 l
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 {4 P6 J" }" q- {- V: t+ W2 ~
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1 ]8 b5 U* J7 H2 ~9 G v) S( dPsychological Intervention
3 i9 O/ U9 V8 g2 o 158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 j4 G1 b5 M' x/ m9 }& L2 l 159. The fast
- z, ~. I$ b8 H3 t, B+ l2 ?; M8 o a) Fast of moral pressure
0 O2 o+ f t$ Z! _; I8 P b) Hunger strike
- I* ~: B6 d9 S c) Satyagrahic fast: _" U7 }# Y7 ]2 Z
160. Reverse trial
6 E; {: C/ X! C/ @" } 161. Nonviolent harassment
, @$ S7 X p* Q9 x! N+ W% \0 }5 @6 w: L" |# X2 q( @- I! c
Physical Intervention h3 l F" v- K z: f6 A; ~
162. Sit-in2 E3 `$ O; ^/ A
163. Stand-in
3 A& s- |9 _$ u7 r 164. Ride-in
s4 w0 Z8 Y6 j0 M& N 165. Wade-in
( T2 h$ h1 J2 {8 t/ r' B 166. Mill-in6 s. T. S6 X: ~( ^; ?# i
167. Pray-in
5 g3 J; K) A+ `: v- t% F- r 168. Nonviolent raids3 [# f* u; _: L q& s2 I
169. Nonviolent air raids
8 _; s# G8 W9 F" A: @ 170. Nonviolent invasion
- l1 r; a+ \# i3 k- ] 171. Nonviolent interjection$ M# `! A W; [; l2 K$ l
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, o! k" _3 j& K2 b, K4 v' S 173. Nonviolent occupation
1 I3 }. `& b7 v {
: W5 n+ E+ l+ V1 [ v% t. [Social Intervention
! Y g5 [: [: O ~ 174. Establishing new social patterns
% _+ D2 W4 D8 Q0 `; ^ 175. Overloading of facilities
2 m7 L5 z9 N0 q1 N9 |5 p 176. Stall-in! _% f! ]6 Q2 e2 W0 a o5 J0 Z
177. Speak-in
& u! K. P. g! v1 K 178. Guerrilla theater
. h) v: z/ i1 a" Y2 h- B 179. Alternative social institutions. D2 e2 ^( f( i5 n# w: d
180. Alternative communication system! ?) I o$ J" G) W3 v
5 {4 B9 y7 }) }9 C' ^Economic Intervention
& x1 t- B7 g k# ]4 }: d 181. Reverse strike) V; ^6 H! h a
182. Stay-in strike# f6 R8 r/ Q7 V l( s J* N. \
183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 T0 N( T0 s* m( {3 Q e 184. Defiance of blockades; k Z4 T+ D; M% }7 A3 P
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& F# n' o+ y ^4 |+ v5 a; e1 B @) g 186. Preclusive purchasing
# ~3 U( b' Q# E4 a3 h# Z! e' r 187. Seizure of assets7 ~) W5 Q# `2 \8 }( Z: T
188. Dumping
9 k- T4 n7 F7 h8 B 189. Selective patronage, _: D. N/ k- { O" S
190. Alternative markets
C- i3 g: {6 y6 H1 E" q 191. Alternative transportation systems0 Y0 ]+ B T/ Y. b$ X
192. Alternative economic institutions
: ~ ~: t' b5 q
, @4 D( Y2 o5 SPolitical Intervention
4 T1 I. ^2 d5 }! v 193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ g6 n6 \7 }, R; z/ P 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 X& E0 V; l& w3 b 195. Seeking imprisonment1 {; S e8 J2 _6 i
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& h( _$ t. o: g; C- P" q7 f/ P8 Q
197. Work-on without collaboration# p& B3 \9 X5 f8 R3 J
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 J, l8 f0 V/ |( d4 L
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
