 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION* J) ?* D6 N+ U* f
Formal Statements) P+ ^8 b# \1 K& i$ x+ P
1. Public Speeches
" w+ @5 G) U: g 2. Letters of opposition or support
* \6 d) x; ?% p( W, N 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! o2 @7 o* ^2 }) [5 B 4. Signed public statements; k0 c. E" o' j/ G |* M
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( U$ {5 l1 z5 G, `/ i2 H u5 o 6. Group or mass petitions
/ z3 U* p8 }9 e4 S
4 j/ h. z1 P+ q- p& q \ ~$ l' m$ jCommunications with a Wider Audience/ |( j* E5 G& p- T- D, O" P
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' Y" ^4 F$ P- X# n1 t! J
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
K) n E* m/ {/ W2 D, J' i7 ] 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# g& J; u, f2 p3 _1 Z3 v7 S* g2 A* f
10. Newspapers and journals6 u' A7 d! F* \3 v( j
11. Records, radio, and television7 |* k1 G' n8 v
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
2 m, s% {3 v1 n% m9 b) e. E1 `/ A8 Q5 a9 u5 {% Y$ s
Group Representations" l/ B. h6 F0 m& [+ W( G$ i4 K t6 B
13. Deputations1 `; K( M3 u' z$ C. k
14. Mock awards# T0 l6 `" l A# c
15. Group lobbying
* T9 l- {. q i 16. Picketing" } _- x; _2 E; q W$ K3 x! V
17. Mock elections
( y* k$ H4 J6 S; d. o; Z$ e/ q
Symbolic Public Acts% c2 c, h$ r! u& Z$ U# i* W
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
" i4 z' K/ N8 p 19. Wearing of symbols
8 K$ p. ?+ G% g- T( V 20. Prayer and worship
9 R! O5 o: F! N+ n' P 21. Delivering symbolic objects$ E" W) G. B9 {7 i; u, q6 `
22. Protest disrobings
/ @. ^/ Y- b& { j- _9 @/ t' r 23. Destruction of own property4 _( y: n9 T7 l; q
24. Symbolic lights$ _. }: `- R7 c+ R
25. Displays of portraits
' A) z3 |) y: D2 O/ g 26. Paint as protest
# h4 G2 _3 W( Q( z9 j3 Y: \, o 27. New signs and names; U/ H3 m0 n' |9 j6 v+ I0 W
28. Symbolic sounds4 ?- A- Z- w4 X
29. Symbolic reclamations- F; w; [# R" _- [# t, k
30. Rude gestures1 v! c/ V a3 g( R/ R7 P& U
4 z4 l1 P( o, F" W" xPressures on Individuals% V. Y: l2 I" f" J, P. S6 Y
31. “Haunting” officials
8 t' F8 @- e$ E" Z# L 32. Taunting officials R2 s" {; s9 N' ?3 W, |6 s
33. Fraternization- _$ i* b1 \; j! e
34. Vigils
- A7 I% v: Q8 p9 A) ?- r3 D9 ]! D9 m; P: Y
Drama and Music
: R5 A/ g) o/ U0 V( ]5 D: Z1 S 35. Humorous skits and pranks
3 C4 U m S/ M- q0 S3 z 36. Performances of plays and music
! p$ L) f/ b6 r. W W, m 37. Singing
" f- E2 A# B. \& W7 Z# G) U: H5 q" @- t4 k o
Processions
: Z# v0 W1 V- V& f0 e2 M* t 38. Marches
' F6 D+ I* `* x4 f% _) j. K 39. Parades; n: e! U6 N1 N& U0 K
40. Religious processions
3 ~, D5 L0 B; _( j9 T# l 41. Pilgrimages
0 P* u W% ]* p4 \7 s% t' V5 U 42. Motorcades c& X: u0 L' E* I8 v0 I4 X
$ x0 m9 T. x$ l: kHonoring the Dead6 {& A& V9 W, ]( T* E/ Z
43. Political mourning$ }) `" w2 {- {
44. Mock funerals1 b k! v& b8 s8 E
45. Demonstrative funerals5 X0 O& U9 e5 l. R
46. Homage at burial places
2 W" b* ~1 p. z( o8 O8 }7 U8 R( y5 i, ]' c0 y( k! L
Public Assemblies
) v; Q. o/ Q/ q3 y! z, H2 l- }" y 47. Assemblies of protest or support8 L) m8 F! ^1 _: o, e; X
48. Protest meetings
9 Y: E# y1 y* a+ h6 U+ J 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest. U6 l5 d) s* L( u# ]4 M
50. Teach-ins+ d7 K6 a+ ]$ O; r% Q' s: N& D4 X
7 i" g1 W' P L7 yWithdrawal and Renunciation
% l; U- P h% ]% u) }/ e" l0 b 51. Walk-outs0 U u N( Q$ Z; S" }2 I
52. Silence- ?$ f6 U4 w# R5 G& t
53. Renouncing honors
' s! e! Y* V$ ~7 F- s 54. Turning one’s back9 w' z3 N5 M5 g9 B3 b% L; K
3 s9 w* {" a) Z" x & }- D( u0 z! a7 k! ~
; e' U; Y6 K3 p
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 l9 @) P( E! y0 K! j1 u, K8 l- _1 x" c% c7 b1 N* Y: k% u
' ]$ A5 e0 s1 \- D8 m0 v6 m3 _" l) K( B3 O9 w
Ostracism of Persons" _8 d7 P0 a. p( B% r E
55. Social boycott
x4 z9 ?9 p& N" S) e 56. Selective social boycott/ K# K$ ?: w, `- [! X) I
57. Lysistratic nonaction% z2 g! Q3 H$ u5 T. W
58. Excommunication
' x% A8 X/ [9 D0 T- d8 Y 59. Interdict
% v/ c, I9 j6 A- Z3 E0 g8 W9 f/ z3 ?/ M" N
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ Q( ^6 d) y' M 60. Suspension of social and sports activities2 ]( e! R& V. [, _2 `* G
61. Boycott of social affairs
( q9 w1 h9 a# i) _+ U& X9 s 62. Student strike
+ H# u- q# ?% E( i 63. Social disobedience. o& W( I' l# }
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# Y% T' I" p; P: y! i% |7 `# Q: o6 b$ }& B/ L/ g: B V
Withdrawal from the Social System
/ d) i4 t6 G8 u( _$ i# S! V 65. Stay-at-home
& G$ [% G1 [3 M! A' D 66. Total personal noncooperation; S Y. o0 M9 c$ W2 i
67. “Flight” of workers4 j7 i- Z9 w8 U( {; T- y( f
68. Sanctuary
+ B7 z2 ^% ^, q4 k1 ^- j 69. Collective disappearance
+ @7 d7 m- n9 v7 p# V 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& Z6 H/ a* M1 d1 f
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9 z. N& r/ H! k( h% h0 y
1 [# F1 i/ t# ^, M3 I' rTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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) O+ A9 w( V! y3 X# ^ # M8 m! w% W9 g, x; `
Actions by Consumers
: D+ l4 p4 X" H7 N3 ]8 M 71. Consumers’ boycott
2 s# T7 F5 L; B: j2 S' X( f 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" V! z! G7 d9 x- W0 K) r& V. G
73. Policy of austerity
7 _/ \: H# _- N: | 74. Rent withholding/ P, H2 d7 U( D3 E2 u `
75. Refusal to rent
{' P7 d' w0 ]. _' E7 M% A 76. National consumers’ boycott8 j3 d7 i$ a0 Q% d. U- p; u* M
77. International consumers’ boycott5 U: u" R$ O0 p0 z" O
$ z8 p' Z3 n7 H* r3 |- K! sAction by Workers and Producers
% m$ T, i3 L% C. I$ n/ @ 78. Workmen’s boycott; ?0 H8 `. a1 n9 y0 g3 {
79. Producers’ boycott
* O" e5 E2 s# W$ g/ ]; A0 `1 s. V" @! l
Action by Middlemen+ K5 G$ C9 d3 t. q( i. Z9 S C
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 r( [" e# Q. t$ N% }1 R& C
# z/ S1 b: c* t3 k' c" |Action by Owners and Management7 r" B5 o' Y; M; {1 T: Z
81. Traders’ boycott: B0 n3 B9 H$ \# n: P
82. Refusal to let or sell property' U1 c( u T9 |6 J* S
83. Lockout. N9 `! b2 F7 m; D
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( {# T% ?1 p' J. t, i: U- H/ F 85. Merchants’ “general strike”; `6 t: y* _6 Y$ e+ P% s
, G# ], T/ K2 e" h7 b
Action by Holders of Financial Resources" \0 a" j5 K! G. |2 @. d& s, y0 Q* b
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; J' O& V, [" X4 l
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 H6 e1 R4 W J8 ~6 O" x1 O2 z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 z' A5 }1 v r P4 T: a& v, ^ 89. Severance of funds and credit
1 m# d- h9 U& | 90. Revenue refusal
! E: ]" u4 j$ z/ g# C6 ^2 G- z 91. Refusal of a government’s money3 G; t% W0 Z) }1 l! M7 H, p- P
6 H1 T! V d. x' Q1 Y" ]Action by Governments
+ i5 k5 ]% N% V' m( q( i# B' u 92. Domestic embargo
2 X1 m4 h) s7 O" j2 z3 F 93. Blacklisting of traders8 e, s( a0 M5 |
94. International sellers’ embargo2 U5 g& h( b2 |& i; o4 w% Y) v
95. International buyers’ embargo ^, S) A; g9 j9 A' u7 O
96. International trade embargo7 b9 r$ k, _; K! I3 l2 K% N
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0 s- w( P4 l1 u/ d& H4 | l# J$ f
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
) }7 E0 S& X4 p) a: w$ d# _, J/ q/ S5 q; U/ |
@: V) Z' [; W. rSymbolic Strikes
. N/ Z3 l' U, }9 q 97. Protest strike2 b! R% A: @' n) |# ]1 [
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 C: A$ l, V, c* J- {8 p$ z( T* \! C
8 m% { L# ~3 w( E1 z$ k+ l, FAgricultural Strikes! K4 c* c& _. t) j
99. Peasant strike
, L- a. f, ` E( M b L 100. Farm Workers’ strike; B' y1 s: n7 }" J% `; o0 V
" u; r. T; V3 }9 ~Strikes by Special Groups# Y" i8 g8 X. e) _! {& ~7 @' Y" p. {
101. Refusal of impressed labor3 _: n. K1 i7 Z' g1 q) `; H
102. Prisoners’ strike
# j: H. Z; X$ ~" q/ w/ p 103. Craft strike0 n$ \8 k% U7 X% ]+ C3 R- k* ]# o
104. Professional strike, K2 N0 }' m, { g8 u# _
5 c7 c% H# T( m+ J% aOrdinary Industrial Strikes
$ P* e) ?; {3 R! U0 u 105. Establishment strike& f! E1 o$ T6 a# E& p9 t; |
106. Industry strike
# f, Q$ c J5 k9 Q- s1 G 107. Sympathetic strike2 s1 S9 @2 b. y
- R5 k: e& z D( Z8 L+ URestricted Strikes3 e: [/ j# \7 e! b1 l3 b. B T. s
108. Detailed strike, w+ s! K. Q+ D. {4 W9 ^
109. Bumper strike
* e! O6 i* y* }8 ]7 k 110. Slowdown strike W1 w* b/ v9 t* U# ?" x2 @0 d
111. Working-to-rule strike
) \' z8 m+ R& A( M' M" ` 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- O g% ?6 Q# s' i
113. Strike by resignation c y3 T. k) v9 A
114. Limited strike# _0 p: C: \1 A! W( x1 }
115. Selective strike; K4 o4 T& t, b. O$ L6 M
/ }% D1 l# `# c2 @ E4 A. \
Multi-Industry Strikes
" ?- m; Q3 k3 Q7 f4 p
0 {; p: d) U9 N" g8 M+ Y' o7 c/ H 116. Generalized strike
9 M5 t" n/ `, k2 w% `2 }! V
s5 ?' s! a0 |) B0 x; J) u 117. General strike
, g! d7 e9 W( w2 r- M* G+ k3 g) I I: z5 x; a
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( Z: o/ _3 p; u/ r; Z6 f
+ U, l. Z% Z1 j t, c 118. Hartal' o8 t) ~* Q! q7 A2 Q; i
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119. Economic shutdown' {- Z M* o9 E) b5 k; `0 ~/ e
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4 w+ O6 o0 Y, h( ZTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION+ E0 a: @, x, E$ s1 Q9 u* \6 h' I; X
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Rejection of Authority
; g9 {( |4 s- M( S1 C 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 a L/ @7 B$ ^$ i: I 121. Refusal of public support
" K$ r$ A' l; \# x }' z0 u 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ K* N ]; r! K& P% `; x9 a: H
' @; l0 U) m: `5 t& K- lCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government. w# [* E$ o) w7 z: @
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* I% i# |' U* d2 v, E# e. x 124. Boycott of elections6 u& D' Z' x; n( ~) f4 c
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, E/ P, Q; |0 a1 I5 o4 d7 L" N9 y q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# d4 G3 H( M- z$ G 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# X/ ^# ?) N$ z! f* W
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 O- T) n9 i- p3 |4 {1 U5 f
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 t8 q* o" U4 ]% p& i 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 d5 J+ n, S6 U3 ` C# j
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 T) y: w( y! U. s 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
3 g* G b. e+ t& [% F( a6 s4 _4 H" T$ [( h& k* [$ N3 q: S2 G) o
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 T4 A9 A9 A) ~- a
133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 G* V0 G: X& c. C
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 r1 V) h' d' d2 N8 ?# V
135. Popular nonobedience
' G/ K& s' ?4 ^3 o 136. Disguised disobedience
8 ~1 U3 n4 C$ ]; S' q8 o 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse. ^0 t6 ?1 M1 ?( b7 C
138. Sitdown
; b( O" W& _, j u 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) e/ |. q6 C( [, a6 ]' o# S 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 S: B+ n* [0 ~ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ |8 J' ~! u6 v" t. J
# p1 t# k0 G/ C$ H& o+ c& [5 }# GAction by Government Personnel
/ i+ k: ~% s) X5 V8 N 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ l0 R. o# o, Y" v* a6 R; H
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ a1 B/ @6 f m# o/ ^ 144. Stalling and obstruction
6 K4 F8 u1 ^' |, _$ U 145. General administrative noncooperation
8 T2 }5 Q8 k2 m5 b. b
" O2 y2 o5 J, H7 K% {$ X: N 146. Judicial noncooperation2 C8 d) X9 J2 K+ g/ d( N" a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* N4 L) p/ }7 `% q
148. Mutiny7 I4 e6 w' ]: g0 k% h: w
Domestic Governmental Action) C c2 [& P5 ^7 t' T
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 I4 y+ [9 F% K+ G9 m$ ?# K
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
- w8 t5 Y- h S$ l9 W$ i
- r7 N" ]' Z7 j6 I2 c/ [' g W$ i( ], lInternational Governmental Action
1 T: J+ ?2 k8 Z% m' B$ J: k 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 V; t; h6 G& P: \! }' U7 [ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 |* A6 i5 S& ^# W o+ k
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: i* x2 j1 [; B1 l8 w0 w 154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 v; L6 s7 Q& F6 v8 w# M
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. C' I' F. H" i; X0 j; { 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* o& b K& o0 {8 a+ m, M, |/ d
157. Expulsion from international organizations4 h: C* \$ a6 u: u
7 A# Z. V+ j& z+ I9 d
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4 @8 H0 \' k7 K- |( _THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
& G& e- F: F6 @' b# E$ `; Q; @ F4 [; m: C" S, ?* q
5 X4 _) N( ~1 |$ c3 ]" w* W; CPsychological Intervention
- m( t+ z/ x! L0 S 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( v. ]# B& g* O! Z K 159. The fast( x0 X* `! k1 s" R! C
a) Fast of moral pressure) i# g5 o' J6 x% [7 J
b) Hunger strike7 J( L: i4 K+ o: o$ ^6 e
c) Satyagrahic fast
* E9 e* U" W$ a: l 160. Reverse trial
8 y" Z: ~0 Z7 O. T! d 161. Nonviolent harassment
$ M2 s$ o: E. u. l! j; Z
9 Y2 ]# X( o# n8 W6 K4 l* z% }Physical Intervention0 F9 |. a) W* _4 {
162. Sit-in
- o. g3 e$ V Q+ X 163. Stand-in7 n( y% e. d4 s6 Z% P- t
164. Ride-in3 ^5 a* i; P2 r& v! P" `5 f
165. Wade-in, g5 S. d+ H. o; x" D/ _9 p
166. Mill-in; }; n* U" _9 \0 y
167. Pray-in( G5 R* h/ j3 P
168. Nonviolent raids& t+ N% \8 M$ A
169. Nonviolent air raids
1 i1 J- \. b c8 o/ |0 _ 170. Nonviolent invasion
7 C* n- R( g D 171. Nonviolent interjection
; g# ~, A( N9 F2 G 172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 M. l# m7 R# M7 `) u0 s 173. Nonviolent occupation
2 p" c- s4 o' S$ [4 n- L1 i1 D5 e/ Y" e4 A& Y: g( h" J, K! l5 [4 c
Social Intervention
. A6 w( @2 a" ~5 L3 F+ X" | 174. Establishing new social patterns
1 k8 |# E. L, N4 y* S7 }, F0 t4 a. X 175. Overloading of facilities
' {, Y/ C2 y* ` 176. Stall-in( x }% ` ^4 I c k- g! G, Z
177. Speak-in
- u2 w) t9 C5 P, e6 Z 178. Guerrilla theater# ^8 M) h5 e, D- V2 [$ D
179. Alternative social institutions
: u) j p. E: \& C; i4 `: L 180. Alternative communication system" G) f' K4 T' F' U' k4 k
. l% S+ C( g3 mEconomic Intervention0 |8 ~/ {; M9 M$ W/ V0 ?
181. Reverse strike" y( s& i) k- d/ z- d# a, h5 y1 k
182. Stay-in strike
+ F5 B) {3 u' ~2 W" ~( Z 183. Nonviolent land seizure
4 N; w7 c+ g- M/ A% U8 T 184. Defiance of blockades
7 O* y: ~* x4 R9 I, v P 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting) [. J) `' _+ O; F
186. Preclusive purchasing
: c6 W' m! K" i; \8 b3 w 187. Seizure of assets
; V3 E& q& S% J 188. Dumping' A0 V! t4 @# p6 O( d
189. Selective patronage( X! l* h! E' \! o e
190. Alternative markets
5 o! ~4 N" s" H 191. Alternative transportation systems
1 E4 D, u6 w4 y& p& J% o4 V( \" K" S 192. Alternative economic institutions2 x |6 P; _6 A/ V/ Q
, Y: S7 G) G! OPolitical Intervention- ]& X6 |3 g: x G2 X( D8 s U
193. Overloading of administrative systems3 R! Z) P1 B- V1 y: s
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 m8 S6 ]2 f6 B) C
195. Seeking imprisonment
7 h4 f5 E* i. v/ q4 R 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" I6 B$ b3 k! J `
197. Work-on without collaboration8 T$ C% Z' K0 U! c+ y! t
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
