 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, c) l; A) q/ rFormal Statements
3 E8 n5 d6 x+ T/ \* B4 ? 1. Public Speeches
2 o' _. I. P7 L% t 2. Letters of opposition or support
, {6 I! _+ _" G4 z) f3 l1 ~4 w 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' u6 V% w+ H% v0 ^
4. Signed public statements
+ L( Y ~/ \+ X6 `% e 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
" g- h* q! T9 ?6 R+ P& h 6. Group or mass petitions
8 m* P- y' P, v! {; z4 f; S" v. A8 c# z! J1 }0 E% b. \" z
Communications with a Wider Audience- m/ [2 J, [: X. S9 p/ H+ x
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) G; w0 q5 n* S& j
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# V% C) U" e; ]' S$ f9 Q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
6 h# \, S/ j+ I: ^0 z/ j 10. Newspapers and journals
( P% Q' f+ K( ?3 X8 B7 ^; p0 l$ X 11. Records, radio, and television
/ T* c( u2 H3 L V0 c4 Q9 {# S 12. Skywriting and earthwriting) v- m3 s, v& ^9 x
& z/ F( U3 _- C9 m
Group Representations
# R7 ^% @, z; W 13. Deputations
7 ~/ _) T" m) S9 v 14. Mock awards
6 j4 L+ U( M8 a' |7 c f$ _1 x 15. Group lobbying
" Z7 a% X$ [& ]; Y2 n5 v 16. Picketing
9 w: I3 A- o6 W( T1 T6 f' @6 u o) M 17. Mock elections
! [3 M0 E/ o" i+ I2 n: ` d- {4 Q/ i/ k3 D
Symbolic Public Acts
3 B( C4 q; d' S& |( x. t2 O% B 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! `' ~& r4 U$ W/ j9 F 19. Wearing of symbols' r5 ?- k0 A T6 e* H. G' |( D
20. Prayer and worship
7 L) n6 n3 }/ j, }/ r+ V 21. Delivering symbolic objects) @: |2 O8 o0 R/ A. ] ^$ x
22. Protest disrobings, ]6 D; l* A8 m3 i
23. Destruction of own property2 |& Z) P2 `1 F
24. Symbolic lights$ ^. y: f: i3 O- Q S
25. Displays of portraits
0 L: M1 q, \# |; I 26. Paint as protest
4 E4 Y$ q, c( Q4 W& \& d e# v$ S 27. New signs and names
8 m& `; \( l8 Z! l 28. Symbolic sounds
$ j2 K; b2 W3 U3 @5 ?; t 29. Symbolic reclamations$ m" H, s n' Z- a0 }: G! Z+ B
30. Rude gestures
$ v5 q- @1 _* ?- \$ h9 R d7 P! o) x
7 w+ _8 w5 V8 ]; e3 ` \& sPressures on Individuals
) t/ ?4 G. t8 a- o: _) `6 y 31. “Haunting” officials
4 O2 C* e% n L 32. Taunting officials
9 g ~ _$ s3 j1 q4 h 33. Fraternization* \; A* @" R8 @. {: H6 K8 n
34. Vigils
m( t8 G- ~6 |: F; {" D, }
8 Q. p, g) e6 Q4 o; Y$ MDrama and Music- }& S- q9 i: y' `
35. Humorous skits and pranks2 r* C8 `- ?8 \. V* w' F- B
36. Performances of plays and music1 N8 [* h, A2 X) L N) D
37. Singing
' M+ A$ ~$ m& Z6 t* x5 t! P( b" s& K, s' y3 M
Processions
/ h: Z; |5 T- w7 D; r4 E 38. Marches- Y/ z& I7 F' L
39. Parades! d/ H* F7 y6 A
40. Religious processions
, y, _' L0 T* ]: M+ y: h 41. Pilgrimages
3 Z1 J4 U9 \$ D& v/ q0 s/ ]1 ` 42. Motorcades
- H/ v$ h6 F( }2 [6 b
6 z" G' Q5 a/ @- RHonoring the Dead+ g, B6 x% b% R; u/ R& ~8 M
43. Political mourning
I1 l/ q5 e0 G 44. Mock funerals- c+ X$ c3 k& V! k
45. Demonstrative funerals: x$ o: g& P( }* }9 z$ {4 b
46. Homage at burial places
- u- W4 J1 n* W* a/ f0 }: j
0 x7 F" U( ^) T% `" g3 E$ DPublic Assemblies0 p+ C' n3 T$ w8 C# m/ r7 }
47. Assemblies of protest or support4 A% t( l! w% d: f. p+ s6 u
48. Protest meetings) e2 p; ~% W5 p+ e) _6 N! l3 |
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
5 G E8 G+ k7 a$ u; n0 A3 H 50. Teach-ins, D% e& X' ~" B8 U
* m( S$ p6 T. j! E0 _/ _
Withdrawal and Renunciation/ U/ }9 C& A( j9 J, Y
51. Walk-outs
" e/ s6 T) J j+ s 52. Silence9 H U2 ~/ u; L2 ?! v" Q
53. Renouncing honors
7 R0 c% T; Y" W+ z 54. Turning one’s back7 m# Z) B, u7 Y3 |- ]& l
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! b. a7 t1 P% a8 [3 W8 RTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
/ ?2 v# @! D- z/ \0 i# u$ H. [6 e/ _
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3 @2 y8 y+ O7 M x
Ostracism of Persons
% m+ E! F$ G! D* f" M* g7 D" i 55. Social boycott
2 ?9 k) B2 f& f: W$ J; ^' a2 u- I 56. Selective social boycott7 h9 z+ O: S6 f1 e6 m2 i" C9 ~
57. Lysistratic nonaction: M/ M: n( M# s% Y
58. Excommunication: x. H; x8 P' i) u8 o% T
59. Interdict9 d0 x8 R9 g/ q6 o: y+ W4 c8 q) L( ?
0 R/ H. o' U) @# @# W
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) O* `3 a8 X9 r' |
60. Suspension of social and sports activities: S( x% M) K6 v
61. Boycott of social affairs; }! l! h% F( d+ T/ N
62. Student strike
: |7 A% R- A. { y 63. Social disobedience
/ M2 D# O9 y+ l' V 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 g. W; x# x; Z3 d% b7 d
/ z9 o: @1 U8 X/ b/ O) C4 C( JWithdrawal from the Social System* H- z9 a7 [, P
65. Stay-at-home) }' |8 U8 E, _
66. Total personal noncooperation
! ~; h" d- t2 { 67. “Flight” of workers
% C) O* L2 V* k* T8 {6 g. d( i7 C 68. Sanctuary$ Z. {5 u3 @ p+ Q- c1 `. l
69. Collective disappearance7 L$ x0 m) t2 G/ m# \8 m2 \: ] c5 n
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" I" E: ~2 `. |
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6 m4 V2 E4 b2 |5 K! M! w
! n( a c: }/ e6 {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
& I! _5 [1 }( R0 L4 d7 A" r9 E, [+ B5 R; u: h8 F
* m6 `8 @1 D* M7 j
Actions by Consumers
1 y( C/ n* X" e2 w( k4 Z8 X 71. Consumers’ boycott& ]' _) v9 z- Z9 H% I$ x7 z
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- [2 |; @% X5 ]5 l% n% H: \ 73. Policy of austerity
& b! j' J# E% ^8 j 74. Rent withholding
. g. C& i. w) i 75. Refusal to rent
) S% O8 u+ t# |3 f6 q; m/ U 76. National consumers’ boycott5 _3 g3 G( `) x% ^+ S* o
77. International consumers’ boycott
8 P" P8 c- |6 n7 f% E2 v1 P
: V0 ~% o- o& l/ Z r1 kAction by Workers and Producers
$ q' r6 r( ?' l; E 78. Workmen’s boycott6 }; l' j8 {0 T4 I! {
79. Producers’ boycott
8 l: H& Y% Z( W2 M$ K3 _! R( d1 z( {( y
Action by Middlemen5 G. g: N+ ?: {4 \* |# R
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott, I) l/ {4 d6 q+ E' L9 v0 _
' P1 p1 ?1 h0 @: a
Action by Owners and Management% A& S; @7 ?# ]1 J; k$ c. x# J
81. Traders’ boycott6 }" Q8 H' I# o S! Z
82. Refusal to let or sell property- D9 I) P$ v9 X3 R( W
83. Lockout
$ I6 l+ d7 G- s/ @& P* } 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ B+ }6 l1 h- ~9 y9 S7 P, A4 p 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' C. p7 F& h1 B5 b9 i8 I9 _8 B+ x$ V6 e3 G3 x- q
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
% O% n! O7 ]6 K2 ~; y( |, u- O' ]/ \ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits T- ]5 A2 W% D% G
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
1 ^( r+ H6 M7 q1 ^/ K4 l 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest# [: k5 a) V: u' |( N( T, x% r
89. Severance of funds and credit9 }3 N! }; T! T4 X! x! I# N* X
90. Revenue refusal
5 {' J, S, d4 J: f; B, @ 91. Refusal of a government’s money& V" }- v) |% r* {$ G7 u% Z$ ?
$ v6 K7 D/ }& j% K+ o6 Y' |( k2 YAction by Governments8 } A1 V! h+ |6 V$ X+ J! g
92. Domestic embargo& }# C& j# u! S5 U9 c
93. Blacklisting of traders
' G. \& w( M* G5 N7 Q2 C 94. International sellers’ embargo. `0 f: A( T1 o4 S) {4 c! ?/ M/ E
95. International buyers’ embargo
( g+ S/ z8 W- d 96. International trade embargo
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. v9 }6 ~1 O" ?( ]* e; A, D+ @& ?2 U: G: t g
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! s7 v2 }; R" y& {, c
3 t! I$ ~/ R4 X1 Q# P( R
- L" C! N# h# p0 K! h$ I( b3 BSymbolic Strikes% K: k, @1 g$ ^: X; V0 C$ ?3 }
97. Protest strike' J# Y* @ c5 A( ~
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 c+ r5 ~% Y5 W2 p
" X& F: @. ]6 q- I/ ZAgricultural Strikes$ O' c5 W6 {) W# W$ u9 y, v
99. Peasant strike
$ G$ B9 D" [. t* [5 m 100. Farm Workers’ strike
, [$ s$ m% T) n5 J7 b3 i; l3 H
& c& W9 ]% a' G- }Strikes by Special Groups/ ~' f5 l0 m6 I3 P: h
101. Refusal of impressed labor% c3 p: B* D$ I
102. Prisoners’ strike
' ]5 O# |0 a7 ~ 103. Craft strike
8 D, H6 }4 }" X$ ^, W- [: q 104. Professional strike
2 N6 k, l$ g# W/ t# Z& ~+ l
$ x2 q7 S# B! W. _4 j. M# t$ v. DOrdinary Industrial Strikes
, Y' m; k. y9 f$ K8 I/ ` 105. Establishment strike$ V8 s* g0 b* s# }+ l) c4 Y
106. Industry strike' t6 t) ~( [0 V7 ^' n7 d& E* a
107. Sympathetic strike
" \$ q3 \" d/ J7 E
3 s+ {6 b# @" IRestricted Strikes
* f! ^+ r- K0 F 108. Detailed strike
' @3 Q/ f. `' L8 X; d k3 t% j' p" z 109. Bumper strike2 `- [, \- ] f- [ O
110. Slowdown strike w, R* h7 f! s
111. Working-to-rule strike) a' h4 M0 ]* S
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in). K4 S1 S0 j. m7 L7 ]
113. Strike by resignation+ i& ~0 v( l% l$ j: |) [+ i+ n2 K! R' U
114. Limited strike* h6 c7 x6 `- C# p
115. Selective strike* s: O2 L* o4 j
) V/ o. L+ g" T; PMulti-Industry Strikes
8 Y" f% l4 [0 d4 \9 E& I) f. i2 \
. X' q3 N- x5 f. t7 U+ w 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
+ m) ]5 t: H3 u- E; M* h( ^+ l
$ a; W1 S& x+ Q2 FCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, ^* F7 _' d. r$ @2 I# K1 _: Q
! A/ x: `$ A8 {- e: g- E* [2 @ 118. Hartal
# ?. D) l, V) c4 Z+ [ ~1 z
k! C+ A y, ?1 k 119. Economic shutdown
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1 V1 [( _9 W6 _: | q" fTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 x8 w/ z7 N* l9 I
1 t& o7 i7 \# i9 ]1 h
: A7 q* i# n0 aRejection of Authority
7 {: ?: e( Y5 ]$ O ^( i \ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" m- ^( o( y/ a- m 121. Refusal of public support
6 ~7 i: L5 f- b2 Z3 D$ ]% f- s2 `) g 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( L5 i0 V9 W1 \& b
1 R# u- `0 {. l E: l
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 j& |) U, Q; v3 Y
123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 h$ V+ Y( Y4 L! o/ w V1 u
124. Boycott of elections' }6 A' J+ p2 l
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
o$ A" N: ^; ~. u 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. l9 X4 [7 ?& W( C F' {
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions. f, o3 \2 y0 k/ } X
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ ~- j0 {8 ~- }2 s" U0 _ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents& E. K% p B1 y) J* ?2 t
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
/ O3 B5 t* Q' }' Z( p& B/ m. Z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& e$ }8 @! t( |6 x% q4 Z# A
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
( o6 v4 U; o7 e2 M2 F: r) t% X1 M- d. ] l5 e
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& L; x+ L# N( M" `, N8 y$ w 133. Reluctant and slow compliance( x3 f8 q. u) E- f2 v' _) h
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" q0 a* ?% ]/ K
135. Popular nonobedience
" K2 X) j; u7 f0 C% Y# d, T3 E 136. Disguised disobedience( E3 i9 }$ E+ Q* k( y6 V
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! s4 @/ U( @+ o( z 138. Sitdown
6 ~' m z5 l j3 Z6 k 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ g0 q& x* n/ V% F3 s2 Y6 b 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* ?) k& r9 H# ]+ x9 ^
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 q: ~ m& A- a8 G' c$ S- T" Y" Y. ~+ [5 i1 ]# U5 H. `" y! ^
Action by Government Personnel! `8 p8 p4 _ h. ~! v) r! C
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. T! z, I: y1 r k
143. Blocking of lines of command and information# I( i6 _3 N; V* I
144. Stalling and obstruction
/ X+ p* W7 q6 L% W/ x 145. General administrative noncooperation
. O8 Z& g7 G! T- a6 I9 _4 G* t* H' J. |
146. Judicial noncooperation
: g& ]( A# {; d/ _. Y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) e1 u" b b4 z P8 S
148. Mutiny* N1 v7 P/ [6 Y7 V9 \
Domestic Governmental Action% D# z/ k- z; z6 s
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* O4 x0 G1 }+ ?- f0 K( G6 B
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ K- X& u: G d. v. R; o( _
8 E/ ]- A7 T( w9 K# Q
International Governmental Action& \8 V. W; }2 s8 s
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations F0 `# q0 W# z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 |. K# i/ W/ p; F J 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 M8 |/ O' j% u1 V( n7 \7 Z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% J2 I$ Z: h. @( m4 T 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& m% r& E' G4 g+ O. n; X# N 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 S# [9 z8 n6 P
157. Expulsion from international organizations p( e. O" o( o* Y" r0 t% M
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+ u8 J5 R: v/ r- r; m5 o* MTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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8 n1 R8 |6 U& m- N" xPsychological Intervention" Q! k8 J8 _8 d2 T d
158. Self-exposure to the elements2 h% ]8 z, E4 x6 v0 u2 Q
159. The fast. |! t) y# N# g& W
a) Fast of moral pressure7 |; v& }6 K% `7 \0 b5 x6 I! \
b) Hunger strike
! X- X/ D g+ l4 S/ K% I4 N c) Satyagrahic fast
0 _% S" ^9 S# _! J1 I$ ?# {0 G- V! l 160. Reverse trial
% w/ t ]9 A _. X 161. Nonviolent harassment$ E" j4 p% y8 D/ u
2 x& n7 `, P" U' \$ V9 L, s
Physical Intervention
& d+ B9 N. D, L- \: q 162. Sit-in
. Y4 l8 _5 ~" z 163. Stand-in$ A `8 U: v4 h% w: S6 P
164. Ride-in4 N. u6 K2 E& |/ ^
165. Wade-in# X7 j* B6 l7 N+ u+ d* o: X5 L( l+ m6 y
166. Mill-in
2 U) t8 ^0 `# M 167. Pray-in b+ e( i( A8 g* D
168. Nonviolent raids
* D0 ]2 a% m8 ~- f2 b7 G 169. Nonviolent air raids
: ~8 C( w3 ^, r1 |5 `* Q 170. Nonviolent invasion% T6 O" I N' v( R9 M. } \- n1 z
171. Nonviolent interjection
) j' o1 v8 B' r0 V+ e1 i 172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 G! v- S* |/ i* @0 n$ P/ ? 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
. J9 |( u/ P: J$ B 174. Establishing new social patterns
& {3 t0 V, J) E' S+ N* }# ~ 175. Overloading of facilities( F; U/ y6 ]; L8 Y3 d- S% s3 H
176. Stall-in3 t8 B6 N$ v- b, |. T5 @
177. Speak-in
1 V% V( g1 m$ Y( Y1 ^ 178. Guerrilla theater
& A9 @& J6 M* [* j, n 179. Alternative social institutions% Z( r8 Q3 b+ @$ ?& ?3 r5 U+ G x
180. Alternative communication system
: J. r& R |1 [( S9 A% y
4 x, U+ F) D9 Q( L2 X: q9 _Economic Intervention
6 V! H: K8 }4 h9 {- r* s1 }3 N: O 181. Reverse strike) I2 S+ x" M, i
182. Stay-in strike! i( m `$ @7 w7 n9 v
183. Nonviolent land seizure
! h2 i/ Z9 l; L 184. Defiance of blockades
- m/ @7 M9 B* i1 |1 A4 r 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 |9 ^ t9 [: |9 U! e 186. Preclusive purchasing
! `" P; @0 d8 V- M" L 187. Seizure of assets+ _( A7 b# M- {' ^
188. Dumping% [* a8 L7 R" T# S* s
189. Selective patronage$ p4 S1 P4 f" T! U
190. Alternative markets* d5 y9 \( O9 U$ s/ H6 @. C. @
191. Alternative transportation systems$ Q7 r4 J4 O O! _
192. Alternative economic institutions) `3 R9 Z$ A# B: C' w
f! n8 s, O, r0 N+ x
Political Intervention( B f! b E, w
193. Overloading of administrative systems, ~/ R2 |* N% ?2 T8 y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! O- w1 A& Z( m- E: Z8 k$ N/ Y% q 195. Seeking imprisonment% h( D" a% o) u& Z; _
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& g: ?0 U9 T; A" ?& V5 w
197. Work-on without collaboration/ I8 k7 d. W, t
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
