 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 r$ v) J; Q3 r9 D1 {) _7 I# s
Formal Statements. f, l; [/ p& @% r6 C
1. Public Speeches
$ G/ _: I! m3 `+ W6 B9 R$ E 2. Letters of opposition or support
h8 N, N c) W) l- G7 k 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. c: z6 k4 {7 n9 R6 }8 {0 [ 4. Signed public statements1 G3 _* b6 B7 d! c
5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 C, p7 G) L- W" i
6. Group or mass petitions
' m) A& m( v( s5 P+ a2 _$ j6 B {4 y0 U* w% H% e: n
Communications with a Wider Audience$ O: b, u l6 Z) r
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% j+ m5 N: h$ u, x 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 j, ?2 B/ }% h' T% F 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: s! _7 {1 H8 p; g3 m 10. Newspapers and journals! C" S1 X3 ~, ?5 A( G
11. Records, radio, and television& N- u2 N; _9 T% m% ]
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" W6 B" w! }- B0 i: B
% p( s. y# B/ r) g* Z- FGroup Representations
* t5 V! z b$ i0 J8 B6 }' S 13. Deputations. a" R$ B. v( J
14. Mock awards5 K2 j' X1 z( g6 y9 E
15. Group lobbying) X0 c% V- k; X. @& x# y' Z
16. Picketing
, [( Y" p& ^, s) {2 }1 m 17. Mock elections4 M" n: x+ t ^. {7 i
5 l+ u- z6 X' f: tSymbolic Public Acts, l7 ?7 }4 ^3 e% m1 @
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 P* ^8 A6 D9 O8 r3 x o
19. Wearing of symbols- {5 |0 t }6 M5 {2 e8 _2 n z
20. Prayer and worship# Y+ t1 B4 `) x, y I
21. Delivering symbolic objects ~& Q9 C) {" ?$ v' M7 j5 ^8 R9 F
22. Protest disrobings2 E; `: [, h) `: R9 k3 T
23. Destruction of own property
2 Y8 o- p6 { y/ G. I, Y 24. Symbolic lights- W+ ~! U2 P1 N( G+ F& a% ]
25. Displays of portraits. j% n: _. c$ z. J/ W% q- v
26. Paint as protest* e6 C/ T7 W+ g3 X6 P% z) c" J
27. New signs and names
- G: p' W, [2 \8 Q 28. Symbolic sounds2 V& u* q' Q$ K4 K# [. S
29. Symbolic reclamations
1 w+ {1 q, U2 G4 [8 U% _ i# L4 O 30. Rude gestures
% n7 Q& s" E, F9 A: G" j$ G8 p6 I+ H+ O, L0 ]: t
Pressures on Individuals( r& T0 R, N1 c$ S& T- j
31. “Haunting” officials3 }; L5 k, `4 o% ~$ O8 b# F% e
32. Taunting officials- D- ] Z: X U1 E
33. Fraternization
' g3 k0 e, k! }; ]$ K6 M 34. Vigils0 N/ L7 N1 H! q# Q' d: m' r: I
& V9 m! M9 b2 h" Y% p
Drama and Music
& j: G9 W# B, o, D 35. Humorous skits and pranks
: i0 T1 E! }# p! B+ Q' G% | 36. Performances of plays and music3 ~' `% K, \; y! l
37. Singing, \9 g7 m* b% X
0 c7 N5 T4 N, q
Processions
5 m# J9 J8 P* s% D2 L7 [: d" p! @/ r) N 38. Marches
0 |& R+ o3 E& K 39. Parades1 r. t! i/ e. h" } z
40. Religious processions( f' H0 S! J4 V
41. Pilgrimages/ N' b- H; N& e3 Q$ P- q
42. Motorcades, v# Q$ N: `. C( H+ l
/ A# I6 a& H# r" I/ a: JHonoring the Dead6 |$ |- P6 o$ U: f3 |) v9 |
43. Political mourning
9 b6 A# p. `) l' v0 d6 r' b. y/ q, R 44. Mock funerals; ~( Q% }" r4 F) w
45. Demonstrative funerals
4 Q( J+ A1 H( U% O 46. Homage at burial places
7 z; [! x' k- z3 @. z, @, Y" `6 u4 F7 T$ Z
Public Assemblies
: y8 s( L" C( a 47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ h3 A* I+ Z, G0 \7 v' G, h4 p 48. Protest meetings
* s' V) B- Y0 u/ S* q$ E7 g 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 c9 v5 i5 _- D$ b 50. Teach-ins, s1 @* X! I f! P9 r9 S
' X. q4 a3 ?" |, [% R& f+ @Withdrawal and Renunciation& u# b- _9 J* C# c6 F, g
51. Walk-outs
9 V7 z9 i7 e6 J9 T3 |: a7 Y6 s$ A0 q 52. Silence
1 r+ F8 E& y! D3 _1 {) g 53. Renouncing honors7 [* W: t$ s( }- [; B
54. Turning one’s back9 V; @- y. n0 z' e; P3 J
5 K9 M* Z( v6 O' j+ U+ f* }
# S& ?3 a6 G2 j: } K3 F
% Y3 o% ~( H0 k4 b3 @THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 [' l, E* r: D* Y5 f" I
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7 `7 I0 p8 h5 S+ f0 T$ U
Ostracism of Persons
3 s! M8 E J% G: j3 a5 `2 D 55. Social boycott
1 R$ [ Y" f# T7 m' W5 A- w 56. Selective social boycott* `. i, e5 C+ n" O& Z3 d5 b
57. Lysistratic nonaction
* W1 j- ?1 H& C) V5 }# u 58. Excommunication& a6 r# ?( ~9 i! @9 z3 E3 f
59. Interdict
( D `7 m; _* c4 \0 ^
' e- W5 `( U) A+ J, H+ `: m3 h6 {Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 ]. C5 ?' b) \5 h( T8 S 60. Suspension of social and sports activities! z" h8 j/ ^, _0 x; Q; k
61. Boycott of social affairs2 R5 a# _2 l+ \& t. @7 z! ^3 |$ s
62. Student strike$ R; i2 ]0 s3 L( ?
63. Social disobedience
+ {, j' D$ p( c& e1 p7 a 64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 d& I2 A! `. n
- \7 Z0 M8 ?4 Q9 x+ Z$ |Withdrawal from the Social System: K. n0 X% G; C+ I
65. Stay-at-home
6 w8 s3 K" D2 F 66. Total personal noncooperation7 }2 x* X g( I# ~) E) O
67. “Flight” of workers }- n3 V$ H. x
68. Sanctuary- X& ?; z( K! n$ m0 p/ |1 q
69. Collective disappearance
% B. K" |4 s# x5 z @" X: K 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 Q- [+ t u: F/ F" o' \ Q
( {5 f2 R" v( K4 O- I" Y - j% g1 l2 ^$ r+ e5 S
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
0 ?" B6 C3 F6 j& V* Q4 {3 U( b3 Y' ?
6 x! z0 o$ a* g8 j; N
, g# q* f" D) A) _: DActions by Consumers
7 k- h3 Q2 ]. } 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 C2 d( O: d# m" }! F. _7 a: d l 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( q- B, w$ Q8 m# N1 {8 S9 _% q 73. Policy of austerity
/ F6 e" |& r1 B, S9 P9 H( z. q* x 74. Rent withholding
% h) m6 l) |" Y }$ m. P 75. Refusal to rent
" y% B( x N$ A* k- N; e B 76. National consumers’ boycott, Q6 V; s* {" t, E' Y7 f9 d
77. International consumers’ boycott [* {" Z3 n! ~% }" l
2 x' E1 h/ T0 y: p
Action by Workers and Producers k( i* L { C) D3 U
78. Workmen’s boycott( b* _* W* h" \- Z9 | D
79. Producers’ boycott: q2 L+ c5 b5 G8 v
. M* m, \8 _$ v7 nAction by Middlemen
# ^+ n( O# F) W 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
- k1 d8 w8 |& `# X* `! g2 Z1 N, L- B" @' U8 i
Action by Owners and Management
% G0 V8 W6 M0 Z5 | 81. Traders’ boycott
* C7 Q+ t9 Y6 G' L 82. Refusal to let or sell property; z6 P& a' g5 O, J
83. Lockout e: X' s8 V4 u4 `9 I7 g+ \8 q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
% e# I5 [" `# Q" F& ]; ^; E 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ k; B# p6 [3 p; I& Q* r0 l0 L
; [4 M; Y, b% j& DAction by Holders of Financial Resources
1 W6 D+ Q+ E8 P5 h* c; X1 Q8 E 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- q8 O$ b& D9 {& R2 }, }$ ^# D; k5 U
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
, Y Z1 `1 ~! o 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 |& X9 C4 p6 T' N) ]0 W% Q
89. Severance of funds and credit1 ~* N4 M& G. P+ ~
90. Revenue refusal
% S$ i q7 B3 Z 91. Refusal of a government’s money* g5 m# N, b. J& G% _7 x8 ]. O
0 ]9 ?& | z# ` V; ~
Action by Governments* d: v! O2 S' u& y( z; E; e2 D
92. Domestic embargo
; C0 P* K% s2 H# W, t! R, Z) l 93. Blacklisting of traders$ \( l9 c: b; d. o
94. International sellers’ embargo$ p( [" @$ c) f: ]( q" p: R8 |
95. International buyers’ embargo
3 ]0 i9 p+ }2 d2 u \& e1 w, O8 E 96. International trade embargo* ^' S1 Y, b( T4 B& t5 t
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2 p. \3 {9 [" b; i% }$ U3 D
; o+ V2 t: Q: \, ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ p ~$ [* g7 P; @! Y" |) [
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: _( P0 Y( p4 t" @0 S4 iSymbolic Strikes- l9 s% H3 r( t
97. Protest strike; f7 E/ Q" }3 a: {
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 ` p: E j7 @/ O% o+ p8 r8 S/ q( N9 A8 k# [
Agricultural Strikes7 A" y) D0 Y/ B) m4 V" V
99. Peasant strike, Y: V l, \ R5 C. v1 Z
100. Farm Workers’ strike
K$ f3 z4 P7 u( w! V/ \; l( U) j) O' l* R7 b: g' X
Strikes by Special Groups
/ {/ u% P3 g# @3 e9 e' G. l/ k o 101. Refusal of impressed labor$ ?% Y( y5 t- O s( w
102. Prisoners’ strike* w! b* b$ e j$ C2 O/ g, d
103. Craft strike. L0 S! M; n# j
104. Professional strike
3 s! i9 t3 S+ k. Z
* |# H, G% M) J, h7 k# e! i0 D, y5 YOrdinary Industrial Strikes; c4 G9 @. Q8 G8 ]1 C# W+ a
105. Establishment strike
. F) t0 N! J5 T, m7 O# M 106. Industry strike! v$ W9 `* w5 C3 p
107. Sympathetic strike
4 F8 ~5 D7 b6 J7 W# b- U8 v
1 r9 V6 F! i( Z. H* jRestricted Strikes
/ m+ f& D6 a8 Z6 A, G 108. Detailed strike
+ M" ~3 x/ t* @! p& j 109. Bumper strike
# X U; x3 d/ @; Z$ ~ 110. Slowdown strike
5 u9 }% W& }: q 111. Working-to-rule strike! H. V# f: }1 y* b1 b
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ O8 b/ d4 Y, R+ f4 _+ Y: L
113. Strike by resignation: `5 A& t3 I, Q4 o7 y, \2 N
114. Limited strike3 _7 L7 z& ?9 m/ R* G w
115. Selective strike) B0 I9 E+ _1 P ?( p$ w% y
8 t, _) C3 x" {. @1 R- AMulti-Industry Strikes ~; e( g! I2 Z& C( j9 b3 w
+ u- |3 t, d2 Q
116. Generalized strike$ @. K5 Y8 f: f) }" y) y$ d: d
5 w% N7 r, j* y) V6 h6 b% F3 g
117. General strike
( ~* x e I4 u( X- w. o
5 j/ `) H* U9 xCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 @2 W' P/ i2 E
, u5 j3 \% p# x2 p4 t; Z- T! j4 }
118. Hartal# S' y1 q9 e) A1 i/ E1 v
5 _; a" Q$ s5 X; L9 P
119. Economic shutdown- _& J9 X# q6 u3 B' H
: y7 A) |; ?7 x3 `
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9 S! o$ n1 n/ l1 }( n9 [' l5 TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority1 e/ U' M. M/ q6 g: }1 W
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) T0 q0 m8 N: w" h Z% R8 j
121. Refusal of public support
; G1 r9 q" E6 H, s 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 o5 _$ M- K7 Z; h% j
: r+ q1 F( U4 m/ W+ H
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 W1 [2 r5 }0 V& T 123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 o3 m' i7 S) p3 L, K( i
124. Boycott of elections
+ m. F0 W, c; s6 w* E" ~( G, ^ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions( k2 l0 ?2 L9 c% [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' M9 A$ E) Y8 I$ o4 u/ f7 Z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 h6 p# N O w h* E- u; p 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& X9 u- H9 A1 k0 o3 c4 Y, m C 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* J5 w! L8 E! ?3 r
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) g! w! r; w4 |/ n+ p+ w 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
' d9 a$ e8 |+ d: S 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" w8 U4 P' u* T/ F
, b: n$ X9 d$ K% r
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 [# O4 n5 `; E9 C7 E" V 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. p4 B) ] Q- N/ y+ b! i* o 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( E1 O+ g& E5 H8 q$ W5 z. I 135. Popular nonobedience
- x, F7 D# j9 c 136. Disguised disobedience, I# m% ]- ~/ K
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 D- v% [0 }! ? @2 I 138. Sitdown5 C( k+ v; F7 I8 `8 B
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 C) G8 G, W4 v
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- M' Q- R: j' `7 F: z: v0 d- [) n* U
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws& [& p4 u+ Y& C& y
. }; z. r% W* L5 Q* ]- q- S7 D! T
Action by Government Personnel% ^+ B: l3 l( q: @' D) ?
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ i8 d1 h$ w1 J- f 143. Blocking of lines of command and information. E# k+ }) } B- n7 k/ Q
144. Stalling and obstruction/ W. e' S/ B7 v* C4 K2 X) w
145. General administrative noncooperation' b5 a' U. o' m/ |5 l" Q
1 C4 @# W5 T: p
146. Judicial noncooperation& X/ A2 W* I p: [. e$ {. U6 X3 p
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents7 m) F8 o; L5 U" W5 N5 W
148. Mutiny
( I; F4 k+ ]! `4 p% I2 w6 x: pDomestic Governmental Action
# L; m) E9 c; ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays! p( V# R# F# q% w, G& S
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# O# Y6 ]' f/ R8 p
( A( u/ j! R) u6 z# HInternational Governmental Action# t8 Q3 a# s, i2 \. F6 I9 A O+ A) h
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
4 z6 _: e& i( S X9 o* y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% U' q, q/ U, L4 e8 D4 I' i, j: A 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! L# [. _0 V1 M* O: {$ p 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 C. Y8 m7 @# H6 R 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 u: B$ |! N/ A1 f 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 r5 d; a- V, o! r2 A 157. Expulsion from international organizations0 u! u4 m! k9 W+ W0 D
7 _9 p# G) z. z
/ U; S) j) ?; b* u
, u% j$ |9 c. o. g# E+ Z8 g" RTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION; ?4 L2 ~+ V4 B! |' @: B
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+ z1 T3 j. S! E) d: Z
Psychological Intervention
# o8 a) l" U1 L1 C5 U% X 158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 S! Y! S9 O+ h 159. The fast
. g2 T" {' U, K. V9 s, x2 T8 E# d a) Fast of moral pressure
% d- r$ g9 m: B b) Hunger strike
# V! L& d0 V6 L) T8 W c) Satyagrahic fast
3 i5 b: H d: y n8 A 160. Reverse trial3 V: t: q% J' O& m
161. Nonviolent harassment
3 u6 N6 G3 u4 _+ ?/ y7 }) I0 D6 A+ Y; z
Physical Intervention$ `2 C! v* Q4 y5 T
162. Sit-in
2 c) @" y' B. _9 W$ N6 E 163. Stand-in4 |5 I! P1 F& o& j( ]4 I- T
164. Ride-in
$ r$ I: W) s5 i8 \* r5 { 165. Wade-in5 H( v5 I5 r. r R
166. Mill-in1 ?0 c( O8 b8 r5 s# g2 W: i
167. Pray-in
6 Z% |' L! C; Q1 G2 m: t! J 168. Nonviolent raids
% z# d- k% b! d! d 169. Nonviolent air raids
, }* m+ M g3 ?' c9 Q: ?2 l 170. Nonviolent invasion4 |' [4 j* g, Z7 F3 `' m
171. Nonviolent interjection
7 k, _6 X" N& K1 p 172. Nonviolent obstruction/ |5 r: G+ {8 z0 k/ s" T, S f
173. Nonviolent occupation+ v" I) D- k: k; |8 M
0 n4 {. B# O. ]: i! q
Social Intervention
. J" Z1 B# p/ `$ I 174. Establishing new social patterns) O$ ]+ P9 u. s. H
175. Overloading of facilities: f; p) s. K3 I4 o% `3 e
176. Stall-in! {, M' _0 }# y& ^2 N$ I! t3 D2 T
177. Speak-in
/ P: {2 F4 Y3 m7 I9 O 178. Guerrilla theater7 W& {! O7 \1 `' o- W8 z
179. Alternative social institutions
" q- C- s: X; v8 u. C- k) E 180. Alternative communication system9 |( ^& b( ^7 i; Q5 _3 x
3 U# M- V, d! P
Economic Intervention5 @4 m3 D/ |# s, c. T' l! y
181. Reverse strike/ }2 Y' f v( o; q
182. Stay-in strike f( _. a% O5 [9 g
183. Nonviolent land seizure
( p# {5 K" Q; ]; `" d 184. Defiance of blockades
( n! x2 r' m( \* f' D 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 U1 @+ ? n: m, E' A& c* \
186. Preclusive purchasing7 w) M9 s3 C5 y; X0 _# m3 F: [8 g
187. Seizure of assets
8 h! K6 O$ A5 x1 B" L6 K0 C 188. Dumping# z8 Y3 z Z% T5 D: X0 W
189. Selective patronage
9 h* Y8 k) A* P+ d9 T9 f: B 190. Alternative markets
9 p8 z) Q7 V" i+ | 191. Alternative transportation systems
/ K5 S8 v; W, _, X& V. H 192. Alternative economic institutions. g+ r% K9 h3 W2 X
; D! G7 @# i. ~, n. n+ l+ f3 ~( S
Political Intervention
' ?7 l2 R4 A& J. i 193. Overloading of administrative systems% a& u% p$ Y( O) ?
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# K8 A9 R& M! m/ } I- A
195. Seeking imprisonment& M/ ~( z& W; A0 b+ r
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# m* Q. U7 n, s" g5 a t$ ~; r 197. Work-on without collaboration7 O( v, K3 { K4 t0 S Z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
