 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ t, k) _0 @* W
Formal Statements( @9 M9 ]! i' d1 m/ `. F' z
1. Public Speeches
! w- |% \9 e# u& \" }$ X 2. Letters of opposition or support
) v# F* M) M* `$ I. ?9 p& l8 O4 }+ i 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# Q& o8 m5 M6 T) B 4. Signed public statements0 ]5 W: y8 v7 y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention! ?% T# i, D# ?$ `2 e
6. Group or mass petitions4 T% K0 E/ q2 o/ g
& e/ p1 s$ t- I$ V- o
Communications with a Wider Audience1 } N4 M! R7 h
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" j2 w3 m' Z% X0 x! _: ~5 S5 l1 i 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 ?: K1 Q/ A; g7 l
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, r! q" ~+ B- [& j! d- R
10. Newspapers and journals J2 H0 m0 Q8 O6 a- n9 i( H
11. Records, radio, and television B& a8 \$ v0 V% c! Q
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ t" z8 [5 o# Z& e
9 ?: d5 ?" {6 {! U( g& E% vGroup Representations. ^4 @: C% Q9 P2 I$ e6 z, j
13. Deputations- w0 z; |+ L: Y3 C) l
14. Mock awards
6 |; j5 ^- l' w 15. Group lobbying; w. F& |4 h# {& t( X" k
16. Picketing
G V" ]$ u/ t. _, w& B d 17. Mock elections/ D' r) l r; B7 [
5 ]& |6 N% V$ TSymbolic Public Acts
- Q. J) }& p5 K 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 P2 p1 k8 O' G# F. i* _) w% j, Y4 j 19. Wearing of symbols! v. m& g7 [6 T. E5 X- O6 G
20. Prayer and worship
8 S5 N8 d7 \5 a5 X* Y% f% ?. m. g$ m 21. Delivering symbolic objects
4 j& c Q& Y% ?2 }' U, V& @! I7 { 22. Protest disrobings
$ N# Q' C& }$ m6 `% N 23. Destruction of own property) W$ w4 ~( C+ C; C- x8 `/ @* h8 T
24. Symbolic lights
% @: K# x' \' e) @% Y" @ 25. Displays of portraits+ k4 W: h+ ]3 J" Z2 Q
26. Paint as protest, c1 X! c4 H% }' n
27. New signs and names& ~% S7 v! a7 Q* G% @
28. Symbolic sounds
* _" m- ?" _* e5 P 29. Symbolic reclamations
1 Q0 G8 B' C6 n i 30. Rude gestures) L) D O3 x) D9 |
8 P' |3 Q4 @2 H6 s2 k9 H9 _Pressures on Individuals5 v4 @2 K% h- R; h3 n' T
31. “Haunting” officials
: L |8 x3 ^& N3 G9 M6 U 32. Taunting officials
& [2 ]0 t% J& F 33. Fraternization1 E" L: k+ E# Q2 Z5 {
34. Vigils0 B! v# C' _: \% G
2 V ~1 t# J/ T: ^ J nDrama and Music
1 S" v; E0 X6 H0 w% z2 j L) o 35. Humorous skits and pranks* x1 Y3 L1 [* i; F0 x; K5 U
36. Performances of plays and music: N S: a. M, _
37. Singing
% W) g$ p! w, L6 g T# r7 H: M; W* E# @( w, x. b3 j
Processions
$ Q/ {1 c3 ^, y' r 38. Marches
, u! Y' \! u9 Z& P2 T# m 39. Parades
" o W" N& z. D1 W 40. Religious processions7 m9 K* o% C% n9 f
41. Pilgrimages! h. Q e" x9 z* a& G, W
42. Motorcades9 _$ E: I6 ]9 l: c' B
, K. x7 r- A/ T" ~Honoring the Dead
" ]9 F$ R2 ^- Q1 ~% R, Q$ {0 F, A 43. Political mourning
* c' h/ J- v, ~/ H 44. Mock funerals
' `/ ^/ q- Z9 s/ ~/ f' q5 `1 T 45. Demonstrative funerals
. R3 n! g0 O: ?+ Y$ _( ] 46. Homage at burial places9 j$ E5 l! E, R9 F9 W
' ^# P! }: r9 m: ?! _7 x% M; q) a9 b
Public Assemblies
8 H# W& a( b- s, x' { 47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 Z' a! n0 Q7 x4 }; z; ?( Q; e 48. Protest meetings0 h4 U5 o# ~' n; {. ~
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( D- N9 X& A3 W( ~# a 50. Teach-ins# N8 t7 o: t2 k) _: V
! q) C% l) h# d( J! z
Withdrawal and Renunciation
: S& X) v' I( f+ q 51. Walk-outs" D' S% Q6 L5 Z8 p8 T0 k
52. Silence
7 T: j+ }. k; e* S7 ]4 w 53. Renouncing honors
: z$ w7 A+ i, R" K W0 i* f 54. Turning one’s back5 `' `. c1 q2 ~1 ?* @+ l3 Q$ m
+ H6 a% n% P2 ?% O1 c ; O! q- d% ?7 }& l
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
0 Y5 F4 f. E: p5 _1 L. s3 u
( X% }! Y& V9 w6 _# T- } 3 w% g( G! d0 @8 v
/ u3 z) Y- I0 g8 q9 Z. g# s8 _- D. `' K' a
Ostracism of Persons
$ C$ s! X2 e. R' s8 v3 o 55. Social boycott
v0 h0 e3 N+ C5 Z/ [ 56. Selective social boycott. p1 y5 |- [6 V5 Y$ C$ P% N
57. Lysistratic nonaction- u& w; V" T' S2 k) C* v: r8 T b
58. Excommunication
' `7 m1 b) E0 @; M5 o* a 59. Interdict
' D& z& Z. E7 _7 T$ c* H9 Y& x' F5 _
( g3 X, T5 G+ f3 p+ _9 V6 qNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 |/ V. ?3 C, `: z 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, @' \; @! |+ e: j* X1 T 61. Boycott of social affairs3 F. p/ x. N) X& {. j
62. Student strike4 Y3 b) B0 l6 r0 ~
63. Social disobedience
* I6 g, [5 {0 X5 U2 J; {/ B 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ X$ j7 J4 D% U6 z" y
1 ?4 I8 r0 ^4 F) fWithdrawal from the Social System* ], B! S5 ^8 s E& M
65. Stay-at-home
; J+ r% y' G& x 66. Total personal noncooperation: _1 ]4 N6 R: K; n1 v. K
67. “Flight” of workers
4 @. S0 [7 b x) N" [ 68. Sanctuary
) C2 V( C# u: T1 B 69. Collective disappearance
4 A) ]" {3 F* N, B8 U9 ^ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 O+ N4 x2 U3 B6 Q! X; t6 X" \' p! S: {0 {- e/ m
) G3 W8 F @, c B
9 T; ?/ V9 T: M3 x k3 I0 WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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" y6 r2 i: i$ D9 s7 e2 O/ W. k1 ?* i4 oActions by Consumers. m* H% S2 [, L' l$ w y2 j
71. Consumers’ boycott/ W; ?% U* |% ]6 d! S5 M |
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% g3 G, E/ S8 o 73. Policy of austerity9 `+ L: q. V' ^- |
74. Rent withholding
8 S( Z% j) p6 A( c9 n% R6 O 75. Refusal to rent
2 R: N% Y! y( o5 D, ~/ T' r 76. National consumers’ boycott$ l2 w' C% `* c
77. International consumers’ boycott/ Z, P3 B2 t; W4 H1 i3 H
T( I1 q4 K5 X- uAction by Workers and Producers8 ?" }, W, |& F* R! K( X: t
78. Workmen’s boycott- |. \$ v7 m8 E0 Q* l% \& [2 o
79. Producers’ boycott, S7 W) Y1 I4 y9 d u0 h
0 r! v- s4 i" i! F8 C2 x/ }" n
Action by Middlemen
# ?% \8 p: r2 T' ?! S& y- {5 O& ? 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) Y; B& E% R. V- u) q. p
# K: v4 [0 F6 l6 X |1 MAction by Owners and Management
! O& J5 a0 d$ i. E1 p 81. Traders’ boycott: W' M: j% x$ x0 r3 T" c" _
82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 {4 o/ ]6 D' ?6 d- \ 83. Lockout
+ K# W3 \) k( I. r5 N- Q S: Y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 D6 I( m; O8 h$ ~6 y- ]
85. Merchants’ “general strike”* O* A' O; ]' I8 i: @9 F1 {
$ i4 T/ b7 V2 p6 t1 y& BAction by Holders of Financial Resources4 }) |! v! h: b+ k; c
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 ^5 l, s n+ @0 y' _
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 Y+ f' V% ^% g% ?
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 x6 ?& @$ Z6 O6 L1 |
89. Severance of funds and credit3 T3 U9 {8 g. h6 {; }
90. Revenue refusal! I9 _& Y* w( F% C$ K
91. Refusal of a government’s money
! l' R1 W. n' m8 J [" K. ~& @ s
n. {0 \9 s" P( S# |7 dAction by Governments
* b: ?# T: h6 f {& L4 d$ i 92. Domestic embargo
( A% r5 v( U* c6 C& D! q 93. Blacklisting of traders% k' I% `0 D$ k2 s9 `" F# R- O* G6 n
94. International sellers’ embargo
5 |4 ?, Q4 p \9 R7 `* m7 G 95. International buyers’ embargo
- y! `. f c+ e) @7 u 96. International trade embargo+ |: c! Q, k: e8 }& K4 U
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3 I+ V1 N3 k& g% P! X; Q
, C. l, G5 B( S- q @
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
( ~, n6 s- h% R' Y% t; x2 E& y: E8 F1 |* o+ u
* W8 r w( g9 s( J: t8 L# }+ d9 WSymbolic Strikes
' X5 C: m% J B- F5 q: p5 Y6 G0 T 97. Protest strike) e; k* A9 n1 T) [# V& d
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ R7 ]* j" Z4 I) V$ g) s1 _
% S" A. P: ]6 ~! s, L2 E3 U2 SAgricultural Strikes% A) y5 l3 z; C- e
99. Peasant strike
( G5 O* w) C+ M2 k1 _4 J% `" M 100. Farm Workers’ strike4 L6 k& V" D0 R) f+ N# `
! v* }- Q( o' n3 w% l0 LStrikes by Special Groups4 {) l2 M) ^$ U6 Z& W8 a
101. Refusal of impressed labor2 s6 K, w! V0 D7 I" h0 I
102. Prisoners’ strike
/ _* H! |! {' [* j 103. Craft strike1 u [4 w' X- Y/ S5 A3 P
104. Professional strike
5 q( ~1 g0 ]5 U3 H8 s9 p5 i% \4 v# n
1 x8 w% T! o8 s kOrdinary Industrial Strikes
6 H# X* p3 s3 p5 N7 k4 m5 J 105. Establishment strike: p8 `; _) U# B+ W1 `0 ]3 c* z
106. Industry strike
7 X& E" F# w5 @6 R& Y 107. Sympathetic strike
9 N8 E _- |7 O9 v h5 T
: s' w/ y: D: O- HRestricted Strikes2 `2 Z0 A9 |+ X$ q
108. Detailed strike C: ?5 m; I9 S6 I" r, m2 _
109. Bumper strike2 ~8 ^. A( {3 e; ?. Q i
110. Slowdown strike7 \# E9 Z% m, {' N$ y/ T! z4 T
111. Working-to-rule strike
3 P0 Y; M H. B& i$ S; U" W& X- o 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 M& y0 L/ o4 `* [6 [, ?% } 113. Strike by resignation4 ~% t' x1 p- r
114. Limited strike
2 I) X; A2 c- d# i7 u. _- | 115. Selective strike
3 Y8 K$ e, @* T, ? t i1 r: |' {8 m% @! |; I/ d: b
Multi-Industry Strikes3 b* Q2 g1 E* R/ L
{* ]" k. R6 m% ~ s( X& y! w& P
116. Generalized strike) u2 q; U! W' a$ e5 [
6 \' ]& y( Q& {9 M% W- c 117. General strike5 m* {) F4 T: Q$ i. X
! M" f9 }- K# K( ECombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 Z% K( j9 R! n4 R+ I9 _: y
/ J9 `! B& ]* a 118. Hartal
: j( z4 }1 m4 \/ m3 [ h7 a
" F4 h% v9 v# u' M2 t 119. Economic shutdown R6 b7 H) y7 ~6 d, R3 {" g
7 l ?( [/ K4 P; `: r& X% d
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P0 ]. Q' [: y" L
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION9 t; u* F2 Q6 i% [
( g1 P' U; M' p6 [
; Q( F. s7 M; I5 |% A4 B9 LRejection of Authority
7 r; s) Y4 U" k/ O2 Z* t6 k; N 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ h( E+ }/ I$ U$ v3 g; O) K( R: r 121. Refusal of public support
! ~% L( v9 E' N 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
& j& N9 S) o9 y- g: T) ?8 c# b6 ?3 ]* j1 C4 ^8 s
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
5 L5 |$ V: F0 P 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
, \3 { i- c9 ]! ?" n. z 124. Boycott of elections
S0 y! M3 X# n! z; X 125. Boycott of government employment and positions- G1 e6 u; m& Z$ \
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ ?/ H: K. {# m5 E8 ^1 Y. Y
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# y' s. e. `, g" R3 a3 d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; y- k4 i) p2 S' v. H& |* H4 I
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( o2 h: ]" D7 \4 K8 p* m
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks( T, d* a3 O- H' C q! r
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) V1 T. i: T1 Q8 @: ^% ^) b' G 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 B: M/ }$ A5 k9 N, t% X8 {4 C
. h+ ]8 _$ i4 t# f+ g& OCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! Q% o, i; |& O* n+ t/ l1 k 133. Reluctant and slow compliance; E. S% g* z6 b1 b7 E5 K% Z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision* U3 u" k5 P; F1 j
135. Popular nonobedience; r. S. K, E1 l
136. Disguised disobedience3 G4 f' g: y4 z8 o" l1 H
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. m! I# @6 @$ M- o! l# C 138. Sitdown
" I9 E. f- i/ P& }. `, s5 f 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation9 B6 h1 Q: r4 K0 Q, y; N
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& _* ]+ A7 K) e1 h: u( [ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, Y, Q7 x$ k9 T6 J1 i8 N6 h3 B5 W
Action by Government Personnel
% g9 Q# a0 `: y% J8 t 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' m+ L A u, Y: L1 g Y# j 143. Blocking of lines of command and information; B3 d0 J( ]3 v; H3 u
144. Stalling and obstruction& N/ i( A9 t+ G$ q. o7 S6 n
145. General administrative noncooperation. `; G5 y0 j9 L1 }! k* I
% |9 G; t0 i' i
146. Judicial noncooperation0 W" j( _2 R" C2 N
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- o. D) D3 y: y7 [% l8 Q: g7 T0 N9 c
148. Mutiny% l6 z7 V! P5 b7 j# x# ]7 N3 m
Domestic Governmental Action J1 I& ]# Y& q1 B3 C/ u% U& c
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 b0 O# E) z& D y7 _6 c! P
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 z5 ]+ P, D: F5 Q( q
; r5 }* o' {# e& W6 rInternational Governmental Action: u$ ]0 z: h. p6 v
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& H d* \/ Z! ^3 i' _; j8 a 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
C+ s* W) Z4 s) r. E# E 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! a! r+ S M- h) j0 P 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 K. D4 {1 G8 Z: [( M 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- W0 B( O& Q9 o9 d8 N; F 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" F. r" U$ I1 d8 { 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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! [1 C3 p' v( b! j X 1 S) H8 d0 m1 G5 s
" Y0 [- i8 f2 [5 g0 BTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
' m7 w: z- Y9 D" k0 H8 p% X4 l# |0 {, p4 z8 N% E
" |1 ~& P. k# H4 E5 Z( M3 \
Psychological Intervention) ]8 e) E- d2 D- l# O
158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 o5 I3 P _; ~1 ]- L2 n7 e 159. The fast; G6 o0 a0 P1 O3 @+ x
a) Fast of moral pressure$ K( @9 i3 w$ M0 O# ?5 S. t; M
b) Hunger strike
" I9 p# R& E& @+ V$ b0 \ c) Satyagrahic fast
# d( R c8 ^4 o! @) t0 U 160. Reverse trial
8 @8 `& }: W {! g) Y9 S0 E 161. Nonviolent harassment! W/ j, z9 |5 Y9 o# x1 O' m9 o# s
' b6 _, `; n2 K6 B _- D
Physical Intervention
0 s; L& c& y* K* r9 e* |% N 162. Sit-in0 ~, U7 Y8 d: B
163. Stand-in$ V# F& }) K* k, H2 w
164. Ride-in* Z, ?" `7 w5 y o4 r
165. Wade-in7 R5 ~/ N0 m: C6 a
166. Mill-in
6 l& v+ s& Q2 c: \, x0 G 167. Pray-in
$ A+ h* s& M7 r8 i8 o0 B/ {# u 168. Nonviolent raids) ` X3 ]4 w$ G ]/ m
169. Nonviolent air raids' T" w+ s8 ?' ^/ j! F4 w5 I
170. Nonviolent invasion* v/ {3 n0 T2 A! i$ G/ ^* F2 p7 E
171. Nonviolent interjection& J8 L" c$ B! b b# F
172. Nonviolent obstruction0 }3 B* R7 p6 p# M2 ^
173. Nonviolent occupation
7 a r3 ^3 G$ Y& V7 A& q/ Y1 v; l, W. H* B- V
Social Intervention
$ {" T4 s7 p. \. | 174. Establishing new social patterns: p/ e( r! b( q7 y
175. Overloading of facilities9 \8 z$ I, Z( `% W! z( o, G$ b/ s
176. Stall-in
, D5 o4 X& D( E4 h3 u8 t: ^) j 177. Speak-in
' A$ C! n5 ]5 ~& y 178. Guerrilla theater7 ~/ C8 O7 m% l" d$ r6 f1 X
179. Alternative social institutions8 ~" [2 Z& X& T
180. Alternative communication system1 \& i) `8 e5 G6 l
# `. \( O O# Y: hEconomic Intervention' w" h; A" S9 k8 u) K0 o& A
181. Reverse strike$ }0 z" B! v$ X8 E: m( F
182. Stay-in strike2 D. ?$ D2 h5 C9 D, e6 t& U
183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 C! ?3 ^7 J5 x) \5 t/ T' A7 S" S 184. Defiance of blockades, X8 _5 f* A P4 M
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 p2 y2 e7 C) g' e, W
186. Preclusive purchasing+ ]" u# Y2 Z' f# i) n
187. Seizure of assets
0 i+ t* q$ N" g 188. Dumping
7 J# W1 o6 p2 k1 f2 a 189. Selective patronage
# p+ w y2 t4 F/ I# e* r 190. Alternative markets
% b3 ^' Y3 P0 |" I0 H 191. Alternative transportation systems
( }, Z7 B2 @( J9 P. ? 192. Alternative economic institutions' e; ?( i1 \8 V9 S) R U
; ?# {+ p7 ~ n- I3 jPolitical Intervention9 f, w+ z$ a) i# s
193. Overloading of administrative systems v D/ n) P# R$ [( |1 m
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ g, L5 o7 x, E: X6 Z; C8 v
195. Seeking imprisonment
, q& s& j+ M( W! z7 ?. M( ~* \% q 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, ^1 s! G" S) U, e T! w$ A3 h. V; H
197. Work-on without collaboration
) t* ^; r0 D, Y4 I/ w 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ L; Y8 e0 p6 v
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
