 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 u- Z1 y: ^+ w) `- |Formal Statements' f; l; k T9 L2 M. F
1. Public Speeches3 {" A D5 ~8 M- q+ q. [
2. Letters of opposition or support7 J2 J* T# \! f! d; H. Q3 r
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 `7 X8 \5 Z$ f6 W% W! a
4. Signed public statements" X; n* k: p; K, v# [" G+ }
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( Q/ ]$ l9 G, y, t2 L$ k9 Q 6. Group or mass petitions! ^& y& m) ~5 s* X7 e" l
4 r. U; C& v! u5 R0 V- m" F
Communications with a Wider Audience& o1 Y, v2 o& W# D8 N7 [& q
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- A/ u- w, x5 ? p* d
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 x( Q3 f Y! h" V# P9 @ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# _, c' E* Z* O. N 10. Newspapers and journals
( e$ h- ?2 k, A- p8 Y% W7 G' \5 m 11. Records, radio, and television$ B. v) Q, K3 d1 f' h) h1 v
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( t+ i, D. v" z$ y
4 z+ v2 l$ A5 I5 O! `Group Representations, C3 R5 I0 m4 x/ \' C$ J; H
13. Deputations7 w8 Y' w2 ?+ P) A% U. I9 T
14. Mock awards I- ?+ u7 {" q ?1 H, y
15. Group lobbying
1 j& w. v2 R3 y5 M" M; o" S( a 16. Picketing
$ O7 b8 Q& B( l8 E 17. Mock elections
7 f) {: b! v: v+ {' ?1 n* d u+ Y4 }9 {! O8 s6 M; ?
Symbolic Public Acts
/ H. A) X+ z- J+ q) t9 ^" x' ?! D 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% V: F# s. z4 G( q 19. Wearing of symbols; U- a8 Q7 x6 s! u/ G
20. Prayer and worship. ^+ N A) R# Z0 H3 E
21. Delivering symbolic objects
% t5 \9 }4 v; O0 N& R4 ]) ?( S 22. Protest disrobings/ N) z! y# D9 C
23. Destruction of own property
! c6 \5 K; [ O" X 24. Symbolic lights1 m- g, w' d5 i" y3 W4 z
25. Displays of portraits
! l' V2 B; H/ \) E$ t4 ~+ D 26. Paint as protest/ M$ v, I( w* ]2 V* a/ S5 O4 @5 C% g9 _" n
27. New signs and names
0 T- b# H0 Q& P' o4 K 28. Symbolic sounds
' }1 x* M( A1 j 29. Symbolic reclamations
9 N; A4 ]+ g' \. V1 \' J; [ 30. Rude gestures
: ]+ K& N, o0 ?& u2 C3 f3 R# o" i. W I4 Y; l% v
Pressures on Individuals
; {8 j; f7 S+ K 31. “Haunting” officials1 q8 U& A, u- h' M( Z
32. Taunting officials: F$ [9 |: U& e# S
33. Fraternization
7 j4 e% e% D4 J4 T" d+ |$ v v1 |( g 34. Vigils9 B; B2 |& y# y' j6 ]! `" e
6 J0 B; [% S0 I! M2 XDrama and Music) C. H. s& [5 ?7 L7 e
35. Humorous skits and pranks) K- r3 F/ l+ ?! R m$ h- e
36. Performances of plays and music- ~9 n; {" ?- ^, X
37. Singing, O' D" R7 M6 d$ ^7 P+ l
( C' r7 A# y7 ?4 Q: p
Processions
; {; k3 ]+ o7 \7 y 38. Marches
# |& {) {5 e R1 h* [ 39. Parades5 [8 M8 f& j5 _7 ]7 o M3 X' Y* {
40. Religious processions$ a2 y& @6 L* q/ }: s
41. Pilgrimages H6 A7 N$ l( K% C# a n' a8 h
42. Motorcades# V9 X; w+ z- w2 ^& r2 s
; \: O7 x' X t2 R/ J% Z
Honoring the Dead
& n$ G5 q6 R/ l7 p' p 43. Political mourning! M1 `3 Z! {$ I* ^7 g& T- W
44. Mock funerals
. l5 L3 ^/ H/ D# _, h% O+ ]2 b 45. Demonstrative funerals
8 r) f h7 e! g 46. Homage at burial places
% ?! O% {3 B2 ], |+ K( W( f
* Q2 {( C7 c' b9 f& UPublic Assemblies
6 y8 L8 h A" O. I, V 47. Assemblies of protest or support
) Q: }& g2 W! s 48. Protest meetings
# ^2 J+ o u+ z& y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 w; [; P3 K5 s7 K5 Q5 M' D1 j* H% R
50. Teach-ins/ E, q0 {8 v: I' |# z
7 D+ Z3 g+ U6 E6 Z& pWithdrawal and Renunciation
# H9 x7 I1 i8 T$ F. P 51. Walk-outs
! s+ \7 W! R, [' X; X 52. Silence3 F9 D6 @, O" U w, o
53. Renouncing honors5 k9 E/ i- u+ ^0 G* n
54. Turning one’s back6 [' A5 G. X# {- Z! c
; ]7 |" c& Z( x) q4 n$ I
1 [. v" o2 e. V) B3 A) W
3 w! v. K/ e u4 s' \6 MTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" | t1 D6 t2 ^. g. S2 G; J7 g9 G
# _$ z( b, @- Z& ~8 _5 R' D% O
5 r0 f" }! V4 W+ \8 o! K
" l3 Z. f+ u" f# G0 [ vOstracism of Persons& ~4 P9 I0 ^! r/ G! w
55. Social boycott
9 V+ j( s& `+ \' {# p" O4 S 56. Selective social boycott
: W$ |1 e. P$ v& E7 X; B) [/ w. M 57. Lysistratic nonaction2 ^ z% n% a, |
58. Excommunication
0 p' c. u+ h# Q 59. Interdict* M" g" n' V; {7 q# f
6 t: ]6 n5 `5 }3 m6 V6 `5 J
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ u! k( }0 `- h7 \- ?$ x) r 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 v7 U/ Z; |) V/ T1 s* Z 61. Boycott of social affairs* d0 t6 e$ g& c) }' `, v
62. Student strike: Q5 @8 \8 H6 q0 q' e
63. Social disobedience8 m% u& S1 Q2 L. F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions X/ Y. `6 u+ [3 K8 B$ s' Y- n5 _6 l
& e2 }: w1 h0 \5 E! D) Y3 H$ \Withdrawal from the Social System% R6 [! j" ^1 ?/ d1 a; g2 Z
65. Stay-at-home
7 r3 \# N+ L# M+ S9 T! ?* e 66. Total personal noncooperation
& F! ~7 J! u- z. [' _1 X 67. “Flight” of workers! @! N% z3 L& M% C" t2 B4 P
68. Sanctuary
+ _* H* \5 _; n, E3 d/ z5 c2 } 69. Collective disappearance
' x" ?' C5 u, B& l. K* \7 S& Q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)/ J8 u: k$ K2 z9 d {& p
3 S+ c1 {' E5 J9 N$ K8 E * t/ M6 ?& g ?. ]
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! D1 z3 o# }5 p" n m9 F B2 D
8 ]+ h1 E: ]1 ?1 }7 g2 a & w+ o& N- V F Q1 {! y6 N, Y
Actions by Consumers. `8 J7 I( j8 `4 [& `
71. Consumers’ boycott" v* }- l+ Z" ~1 O8 @$ u* A% S
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 \+ M; Y3 [) H o; Y' U
73. Policy of austerity: x. K* W1 ^0 c; e5 G1 b* B
74. Rent withholding
$ C. T& n( E, z f7 I5 @ 75. Refusal to rent
1 E! l" c. O% a. U- ]# o* P& V$ _% [ 76. National consumers’ boycott
. w: `8 m }1 `* o 77. International consumers’ boycott$ B% l3 s' r5 d7 ]0 Q3 t8 |- a
6 i7 e+ x6 U7 B: e/ K
Action by Workers and Producers
& a7 q+ B f$ l2 h9 ^5 @4 t 78. Workmen’s boycott* V' y/ B5 c9 W# H h& |
79. Producers’ boycott
n7 x6 [ C* C
# [, L8 ^$ K# BAction by Middlemen
: b, x0 u0 _+ Y; p 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- X! W; K5 @' O; L. @
6 O5 J5 h2 k. m$ |1 }
Action by Owners and Management
6 U: a. ?! D, }# J2 n 81. Traders’ boycott
: k/ S$ U% f; { 82. Refusal to let or sell property! {9 F/ V& M( V! g$ O$ @+ V- c
83. Lockout
9 p2 I8 H& ~( i 84. Refusal of industrial assistance( L4 @9 |. w- H4 W; `0 R
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
0 S; b. N; i4 X, j
3 n3 G& F7 L/ f9 @) ~Action by Holders of Financial Resources, z4 u4 w/ T1 y: c$ h, G7 Q
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
- T' S! g& \4 n5 O 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ F( l" m% u7 u 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( p$ W0 Q, H/ C 89. Severance of funds and credit
; q5 G7 [5 E$ K 90. Revenue refusal
# e- v; D! f6 B- C: R: J! k5 i 91. Refusal of a government’s money/ W. R: F# X& G
! [. K+ ?) r7 x* a# G& d6 G( vAction by Governments0 ~ W# \2 C6 d8 V. e
92. Domestic embargo
, ~) V1 j. F4 i' I7 T0 e5 D3 N' f 93. Blacklisting of traders
; Z: M1 K5 n7 g" D! p' x* g 94. International sellers’ embargo/ c' n' T# ~4 L; m7 L/ O0 D
95. International buyers’ embargo: U4 w. y: W. \2 p2 t+ ~+ |+ ^1 a. u
96. International trade embargo; X+ I+ T3 M) C8 a5 l* F
4 o- g8 }% ~/ z9 |: O5 _
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5 J% d) ?4 R9 {
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE w1 h% k5 U" c# G& @: F* u2 |
8 {0 E& e k# x4 u' l4 F
2 R- j1 _& s: z" g8 S% M. NSymbolic Strikes
Y& N$ b2 b5 ]- ]% l0 r' { 97. Protest strike: Z; p0 G% @) X v
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. w, U" S5 V3 i; U7 ]7 u# k4 u; U$ \7 H
Agricultural Strikes
' e1 f$ M5 H" @; C) Y( m5 v 99. Peasant strike _+ l1 g+ u) b2 Z3 ]
100. Farm Workers’ strike% Q' I3 v m3 W" \; y
9 y4 G* a& p& \/ z; @
Strikes by Special Groups0 W) d" C4 d. Y' _
101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 z! G7 f+ Y# S2 ^& Y1 Y% `( p 102. Prisoners’ strike
/ b5 M2 f5 B9 c7 E 103. Craft strike
$ p: ~0 o L0 K 104. Professional strike' ]% A" T2 W F7 K# z4 `4 C& n
; z# C0 o% d- U2 O% v: A
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
1 A3 x' d$ e9 c% w: w: H L 105. Establishment strike
* Y9 s3 s% D' p9 m2 _3 {' Z) Y% I 106. Industry strike% R$ i/ L E+ C' F- z
107. Sympathetic strike3 o! h8 i+ V M( J* m% g
$ }/ x; `7 }8 b$ @, d- G
Restricted Strikes
( v4 y: S1 i, W; z& ]5 w q: U* |( `: R 108. Detailed strike
+ f) L1 p: N+ D9 D. ] _+ ?% D! S 109. Bumper strike" q- M3 a( L& C" B1 |
110. Slowdown strike
( ^3 j5 }+ a9 P) U 111. Working-to-rule strike( `! ~) v* U5 w2 p
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, p, @# Q! R/ B2 ], N# o# G 113. Strike by resignation: E* z. S/ _- D: l1 b$ i
114. Limited strike5 _8 `% }. ~" t# |
115. Selective strike: {: T2 w$ x' T
+ L! k8 _1 a) T/ Y% C* |) e0 ZMulti-Industry Strikes& _) D% h/ J* f7 l
4 ^ e% z* W/ z 116. Generalized strike3 l( W I: o0 n5 S
# W/ K1 _+ Q% q: E( P5 | 117. General strike7 x) h3 Y, F' \/ S# f) h6 P
/ U! h4 r9 \$ M; G, O! ^1 MCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures' P* \' Q) X1 W( _) e; d; o- z7 y
9 Y$ S9 H+ r9 r
118. Hartal2 c% k. B+ f% T# Y
5 ?' [& |; s' `6 G9 K+ u% q 119. Economic shutdown( T8 J1 C9 d* h" H
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6 K1 m9 J0 w; ~& Y* w( a+ }
' [, l2 o1 e" k' n. ]( l" fTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; Z' W- p! S* c0 _; u* c- ]
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$ g" {6 ^% m2 |$ D/ @8 i IRejection of Authority
5 `' Y0 S, e: {2 C( G 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ V/ A/ T: A/ t; h 121. Refusal of public support) D3 Y5 b8 X( x# \
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 l8 {1 X4 k; s% k* r6 `
" r6 h+ Y; M$ OCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 ?: @; [( c8 Q0 k/ W
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& z4 R, c, {. A7 e
124. Boycott of elections1 Z* z8 Y. X# R7 l& K. c
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 a% a; b* ]$ R D" m6 G& y4 s 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- l$ q6 V! K4 s% ]2 Q2 e 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- S, B# `3 k' q, h- g% P/ ^
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- }$ n1 l1 D2 S$ W
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% t$ T9 L) ` L# c
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: Z8 M* v) n1 B$ e 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 p8 H5 ~" ~8 b2 [8 X- [5 m 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
- s. H. h8 s3 ~3 j. C" d& N/ r1 t) T5 I
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ i% W+ i. E: C, a, [% a+ i, j; c
133. Reluctant and slow compliance) ]' M& M% k, `1 |, r$ \
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: N) u; M7 Z: j8 z( Z 135. Popular nonobedience
9 p* D& K! s3 Z4 A+ x 136. Disguised disobedience1 B! }# x3 D6 U4 Z- e
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* O" q$ a! y. b5 _+ \8 y$ ?1 i 138. Sitdown3 o9 n0 m/ l+ `; U7 R8 v" ^* ]5 w
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% z3 H7 |( r q; e. ]
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 p1 S1 r- ?4 R2 N F
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) m9 x9 o' G* f' J2 U. R- K( K
* z% u0 a) I$ h; Q; _- xAction by Government Personnel
6 D$ r& |7 b! T4 y2 b3 i4 @ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ f0 _, x5 i$ }* e: F 143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 Y9 Y* L8 q9 I! p0 d1 U5 _; A
144. Stalling and obstruction
3 n6 z- M! I/ C- v8 E! r 145. General administrative noncooperation
* E. _8 i2 ]# Z, k) a
% A* A( D* w) {% Z$ y5 l E6 j 146. Judicial noncooperation
' J7 @( d$ z5 a# L 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% x- l% a# f& p4 v9 N) Y: E 148. Mutiny
" i" l! C# O+ ~+ O* n. ]2 u" \Domestic Governmental Action5 O, @' x/ q+ i$ I( W) _
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 W* {+ `" _/ W& p- k3 x- J! q8 g
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
- H. |. S% T6 Y3 j+ [) \# r
4 b+ e1 t3 _; OInternational Governmental Action4 d. O- q' V" J& K
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations, S- s! @+ O1 M! i9 L* e: N! q
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events& a8 n* P6 f6 u& L
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 l1 y. w' c8 S, Q+ @ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% g4 O& @ X5 E! @ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations- S7 q5 j3 @7 ]* _* u! s3 `8 c
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) i$ u2 g9 B1 g 157. Expulsion from international organizations' \, J5 V @3 T. g* Q
1 @0 j! |7 \5 i- G" X - V* Y- P6 f* [9 ?2 ~6 E4 s
! |: S7 H U3 ?0 m0 Z
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 i2 p; k" l: M2 a( [# v6 o
* k8 [- K& o: ^4 s) q7 O2 V
2 g& f, Y/ @$ V3 W& X0 V% z& P! B- |
Psychological Intervention
" m; k5 k: r8 C2 z 158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 v" s7 I) n& ?/ o/ J5 m7 x6 i 159. The fast
$ x1 ^9 F4 ?. V: Q a) Fast of moral pressure
3 L E4 z2 r* D9 }, m5 S M: t2 f b) Hunger strike
; v5 l7 G: T. _- J c) Satyagrahic fast; E; G& j7 D1 Q9 W2 Y
160. Reverse trial, \5 i$ ^. u! U1 E+ ]! F2 |
161. Nonviolent harassment) q5 x9 {2 |& R# c3 b: z
. H% S; z$ ]1 `/ N+ O
Physical Intervention/ z3 ~: |+ u3 T
162. Sit-in6 G$ i* a+ A: g3 x n
163. Stand-in% g4 h+ y/ K$ \
164. Ride-in" @1 X$ {2 \$ U3 }
165. Wade-in: i$ [7 S3 X9 B' p0 y3 f
166. Mill-in
7 _ `# a Z9 W0 K/ u" F 167. Pray-in
+ N* g3 V* ^# A' H, r 168. Nonviolent raids
5 w" e1 [! g) T0 y7 ?+ e 169. Nonviolent air raids
9 _& H% o$ `$ Z" L* e6 b2 V0 E9 X) P 170. Nonviolent invasion
H/ |% f# k* \- q3 \ 171. Nonviolent interjection. X! L5 p$ d y* k/ `
172. Nonviolent obstruction! r! h2 ?; B' j; \5 [ n
173. Nonviolent occupation. o4 T7 U+ y" O& x$ R9 n$ o* G, j
5 R8 d$ \/ Y8 m! |$ A, HSocial Intervention
* `; z$ d4 L, J; x! [. z 174. Establishing new social patterns) e2 _; w6 V+ z' F" J, q
175. Overloading of facilities
- u" p, m6 p! `1 |+ q# S 176. Stall-in
9 \ ^2 j: c$ Z* P 177. Speak-in/ |) ?9 l% G4 n9 y$ d8 M M/ K" e
178. Guerrilla theater
& `) e, g$ Z( r8 ~! T4 D& j3 y 179. Alternative social institutions
- `$ q0 t5 g4 l, b: \" z8 d# _ 180. Alternative communication system* _0 h9 q: d# _' k( V& ^; x
2 O: V7 N! z' \Economic Intervention
% v* P, a: h) S) Q5 M. ]4 A3 N 181. Reverse strike
- _ r R& {' Y; f$ r$ f 182. Stay-in strike1 p7 G1 j; w f( B- @# R
183. Nonviolent land seizure- S5 L5 E. z3 B8 r# E
184. Defiance of blockades
6 ?) V) h* Q" p; S; }. t$ H/ m: z# A 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 Q! j8 q P3 q+ N3 R( |# r; k0 n
186. Preclusive purchasing. h" {* E& W6 G9 a
187. Seizure of assets
/ s3 I7 s: Q: }5 ?( D- N* V; n 188. Dumping% M' M9 Z& d9 M& e" g. N8 K
189. Selective patronage
, I7 c7 n9 d: c( q, W 190. Alternative markets3 J; P# w! }8 l; C& O0 g: x
191. Alternative transportation systems& P% m% E0 j1 N- I
192. Alternative economic institutions
8 z4 C% E* v& Y' ]% ?, K% V; P# ]: I z r4 g% B6 X$ H2 [6 l/ Z* {( J( }
Political Intervention
& C2 P1 s. H% a S9 h 193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 Z4 ~4 B0 D! @$ z m# Y4 z/ q! u 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 c, c$ K3 v+ n' {5 ]3 b 195. Seeking imprisonment
7 l( g" f% O3 V% M0 l) h 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% C0 z7 E4 O1 j9 R 197. Work-on without collaboration& x8 [# E3 T( |. ]" C$ R
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
