 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION R5 [5 @# O0 \
Formal Statements. S a$ {. V" F; @9 H
1. Public Speeches
; x G- ~5 i' L3 @ 2. Letters of opposition or support
0 S$ f- ?, m! M1 [9 y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( X" h6 j% g3 }, ~3 _$ S
4. Signed public statements
% [# a U0 W, \$ M! i9 W 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 E" d% n9 ^4 s% g 6. Group or mass petitions
3 V: M0 v$ e4 l S% V/ L
- E: L0 A6 l+ @4 l5 W3 HCommunications with a Wider Audience
. ]9 c( L% k! ? 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' |( B/ U4 h: O
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications l' O) m) X- o
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 j; N7 E L) S1 {
10. Newspapers and journals; i5 O( F% a0 z7 ?- ^
11. Records, radio, and television
8 X; O8 v1 A, w# C. G+ d 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 Z2 X. z# ? v/ }# h/ q7 d& W
5 u8 S9 F* Y+ f$ Y) \& d0 s" b
Group Representations
7 D3 `$ ^# x! V6 e 13. Deputations
$ @5 ~' I4 H' K3 w1 q o/ P 14. Mock awards( w, t( X, f' @5 X; G1 H. R( J
15. Group lobbying
' N$ r, o0 `: g 16. Picketing
7 d$ |6 N" |, h* u& K) n 17. Mock elections* z; \0 r' }- c$ ^5 A% X6 }
. ^1 [+ K3 h8 Q2 \, _Symbolic Public Acts( u% J4 s) ? N( V0 Z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- h7 v) h8 |7 }8 b1 z
19. Wearing of symbols# [% k; [, F4 m" K9 a
20. Prayer and worship
& ~1 a: `- W; P5 g2 E 21. Delivering symbolic objects2 G* e7 t3 V) w% S
22. Protest disrobings& }6 {, P2 `$ n7 _' U
23. Destruction of own property5 o5 q2 R, s- e/ c$ y5 V
24. Symbolic lights# m% B u5 E! z: q! J3 E* N
25. Displays of portraits( V+ d' X: G3 g5 J' c0 D* ~
26. Paint as protest
p4 u! ]: e( [8 u$ S1 w) j6 X 27. New signs and names; F$ Z' I/ U9 r
28. Symbolic sounds, q: P! O0 w& }0 x- D+ O
29. Symbolic reclamations; l+ ~# U8 p4 W
30. Rude gestures% a* f. g' t8 b1 H, \" r' k
/ C- g8 Z; O( w0 H4 E7 u
Pressures on Individuals' x. j3 k2 ]: F2 G* J+ o3 K1 r
31. “Haunting” officials- l* J5 l# x' G- [" R: C2 t0 m
32. Taunting officials
; S$ @( X/ t- U. M8 D; d 33. Fraternization6 e2 C5 I6 G- Y7 k( y% M! Z
34. Vigils
/ R* i: Z, j( P G" z7 V7 i0 L4 `8 P. P7 _; V/ g
Drama and Music
: P5 v, l. p* ^( e8 K/ D 35. Humorous skits and pranks* r- h/ q% z2 h, R- o
36. Performances of plays and music ~, R1 F6 `5 n3 a
37. Singing
; K9 i$ O: @7 o0 G+ E9 \+ a
" U# f; Z. \( p, mProcessions
0 t s/ c' V3 }! m, v! N# x 38. Marches
+ P" ~( ?4 d9 X' |% E! b5 E. N 39. Parades
, C/ b: }8 r& E% ]8 [ 40. Religious processions
, v7 U$ q" j- M, i h* T$ U 41. Pilgrimages
: ~$ u! ~% q/ M) I% N, l" g 42. Motorcades y+ Q W1 v9 b4 H3 n
' G8 K- n/ z6 i( B. p% G: H* z$ h
Honoring the Dead8 w. O0 K3 ]3 C6 ]5 H& m
43. Political mourning
: ~0 F2 R' D7 T( t. Y% G 44. Mock funerals
6 J" a- M3 y; R8 M7 x 45. Demonstrative funerals
( y/ Z9 @4 }0 a5 ^+ F; P! {4 c' i 46. Homage at burial places% h% ]$ R6 Z! } D( f. g2 k
) ]" P1 x& w, L/ t/ Q8 l' ]( a
Public Assemblies$ N) B& `6 O7 B2 S6 ~
47. Assemblies of protest or support8 G6 U# s8 e9 z5 v! p4 F
48. Protest meetings5 K. F! \8 E+ d9 B3 I4 y6 e9 r
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& u+ J8 @8 z2 D 50. Teach-ins
' P7 F& Q" U5 D( J* _0 }% R2 ?
Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 Q/ r1 A+ X# v 51. Walk-outs
! a/ C R( [4 M 52. Silence
( K. [* f. y! C 53. Renouncing honors
$ t5 h- K" [: w1 b( @9 \ Y 54. Turning one’s back
I2 z& p; |8 N3 C4 {
2 t# U9 }2 i# B9 O/ y1 Z7 ~6 `! g ! U! ^9 n. ~! f5 d
! u# w: a! ~6 G( T( r
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 K F7 W$ o8 i, |5 M/ ]8 F1 L" q; k. [' ~
2 Y( y) J/ M5 k x0 I* w2 k" ^3 C, N7 A- s) n# s& T* i3 j# P
Ostracism of Persons
`' E) b' G% `! ^1 S 55. Social boycott
: g+ Q& f8 G( r1 T9 } 56. Selective social boycott' {, B2 L% k5 S! U4 {
57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 D/ b7 w5 F/ g" s" l/ V) q" t 58. Excommunication; I2 x6 n: C# b2 m" i
59. Interdict
3 _# }! R9 c1 s- L' J& c0 Q8 Z/ M' u# N! \% \6 z& @+ ^. E
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ ], }4 S1 u5 S5 A
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
1 R/ y) [# o; a7 B$ d. U 61. Boycott of social affairs6 v2 K2 A, d) l" P Y. V* Z' G
62. Student strike$ ?% ?8 F! i$ x3 k% Z; b0 G
63. Social disobedience
7 b4 o# o. H p" z1 ]* [8 t 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) R* L1 d4 _4 z6 s. N$ y! w s, j* C9 m6 y) A7 _
Withdrawal from the Social System
4 C; n. L( z) ?0 e 65. Stay-at-home# C- A5 t6 D0 _+ P4 G
66. Total personal noncooperation
# q0 ~: ?* {9 u. f/ l 67. “Flight” of workers8 e3 P" [, t0 N% t
68. Sanctuary
8 z! h/ x6 K( a% C2 L6 S 69. Collective disappearance" ~8 Q+ O2 i! ~' }
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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1 j6 {% A9 ?% h2 t0 N4 M 2 h' g1 R7 s5 r( s5 H
y' |7 A- j8 k2 [0 m( p P" ` [
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" Q- p! b2 j8 W; Z; a
) B0 t) O" I3 X/ I
$ F4 K* ~* M' f4 ^! L5 A+ rActions by Consumers4 n+ K, v2 W! p/ V3 V. D
71. Consumers’ boycott2 v4 V' _2 i& e; g3 V
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 x$ ^+ N1 l! I/ P& Y1 }) h+ {
73. Policy of austerity& d" t0 T+ v# s% G: K
74. Rent withholding$ |9 x6 Z h% D8 c7 G& B7 ~3 W
75. Refusal to rent
/ ^/ b) @3 c: y+ c5 \6 L$ n 76. National consumers’ boycott6 E: P0 U0 S3 _2 b: r- P+ i
77. International consumers’ boycott
u6 ^& @6 }- L; c3 V" }) T' y, O" \ e; N3 W$ u& N( O7 F
Action by Workers and Producers% N- H8 T. m" D$ H5 ^2 r
78. Workmen’s boycott4 e) r+ t2 R% F# n3 @
79. Producers’ boycott
- I9 p# b7 b, ~
4 H9 M% q5 ~- h8 mAction by Middlemen
7 ]8 @) b4 {' M) Y. d% _. | 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
8 X. F" ^1 ]. R: Y5 Y. c
6 n; }( \; _$ L) g) q+ qAction by Owners and Management
+ m: f) C( b: Y, x# p1 [6 f 81. Traders’ boycott
" Z( m; {: i' c 82. Refusal to let or sell property( X3 v+ @1 ]! x4 f- }
83. Lockout
g" y2 b- V+ ?+ n8 }$ I6 u0 a 84. Refusal of industrial assistance, i9 [+ F; z. j* N+ M8 O
85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 T0 {. x" s n2 k u
- f3 p+ u# S6 v: l0 P, \Action by Holders of Financial Resources
& }7 z7 q: F; T6 f1 R8 o1 R 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
\5 A) |% w$ b4 D/ G5 y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ p" l) z8 R( ]) l1 n 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% S$ _, w, B" J* N 89. Severance of funds and credit8 I$ ?" C+ I/ E* h
90. Revenue refusal
+ x& v6 E" Q( W. l+ F6 ` 91. Refusal of a government’s money
* _ [- l; V4 H- \# d6 }+ Q$ ?0 u/ u. i; j
Action by Governments6 |7 ^8 s0 H0 {) h6 @5 c0 D5 `' Y
92. Domestic embargo9 p, A: M: G" F N3 T
93. Blacklisting of traders3 A$ j# c$ f7 J2 x6 F& J
94. International sellers’ embargo! `9 @( Z5 Y1 [9 G( [0 [
95. International buyers’ embargo; w9 d( S8 ~( e2 G% {1 G
96. International trade embargo; k7 n' M4 l k, K; a. ]- X
8 v# ]: E f% z5 E$ V8 h( S; I6 J+ K
9 I. W" C" u8 B) {
8 p! @) n! z! l% d8 p( A
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% D' |4 K$ Y4 B
% p# d* y& }3 J" C- l; b) p7 j3 n7 w
, J. O1 ]5 f8 t* d( L2 e' t3 Y
Symbolic Strikes% b: o+ p+ u8 Q `; A
97. Protest strike
: I* e% _) r9 w 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike), {4 C/ r/ ]/ D; X0 x" B% v
: t3 a& u8 l3 O- zAgricultural Strikes
7 [. I" c; k& u+ U) ^ 99. Peasant strike
4 h; j+ x4 @8 E) U- _' v7 [ 100. Farm Workers’ strike: m1 J: i# h1 `" W" y% n
3 M+ N- V7 N6 S D/ q. FStrikes by Special Groups! J9 {. v! w. n( Q* A8 z) _
101. Refusal of impressed labor
% T+ v+ }) K; C' |% M3 d( G- g 102. Prisoners’ strike k! h* A9 S% e9 }/ c2 U/ s: t
103. Craft strike \. z1 s& \) R: Y& @# @
104. Professional strike
3 d, Y, M- T* H; a2 u" j' `6 ]+ {
! `9 [3 V$ s& jOrdinary Industrial Strikes" k2 O% A. j- T* S
105. Establishment strike
, E8 R/ t" j3 M0 w2 ?* U% |' R# k 106. Industry strike
) T& L4 P" `8 \7 q+ _ 107. Sympathetic strike
- }4 U6 S0 x& y
% E6 _* _) z: n* {, c* d6 `* @Restricted Strikes
3 R0 h B6 O0 e) X 108. Detailed strike) w5 }* B# _# p8 c" B7 h8 ]6 `! z
109. Bumper strike7 O' K8 I" N. x& B# x
110. Slowdown strike6 T4 q8 P" w+ u- C3 e' s* |
111. Working-to-rule strike. M+ }5 {$ u( a
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 P) C, C9 Y9 @, j; M
113. Strike by resignation( O3 l7 K2 Y, {) D; T3 P: c
114. Limited strike
; w3 a) o: ^- u4 i4 e8 q1 E& g 115. Selective strike
7 N+ e7 |' k% u& s0 g" s8 Z' _8 B& k3 P, j0 y
Multi-Industry Strikes
0 S% O4 r8 o( N* L, k, A1 C ~( c# g" I. A" @% _
116. Generalized strike
( h3 J* |9 E* s* _' P" s2 m
% K/ I$ b: O% b/ C8 c0 p 117. General strike! S% Q8 }: W N* }
. A) p! F4 x1 o' ^7 e3 }( l3 [4 o2 z
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures" P' n9 M8 o' x! x6 k
5 I/ h% y ~ c8 s. z6 Z 118. Hartal e3 i) N& _0 l; L$ H* h
! O0 y, F3 w. B' }7 p( J. o
119. Economic shutdown' T/ ^# t1 e1 Q+ c' F# j
( |# `6 N. a* s0 }* F: j
; i3 P( d% ~, f! V |) {1 j
' y3 E% [7 \3 x! _/ v KTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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$ t% V V7 w1 D/ g ; m' n( c7 ]0 I6 U, r0 y# _
Rejection of Authority
0 Z4 W" l0 V/ L6 }$ D. s 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
6 \1 S/ ?# j$ t% y; x. \ 121. Refusal of public support: B. _5 S N7 |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 H! b/ j% W3 j* R& \+ |$ P, v i5 S& p# _- a4 V
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
5 q1 m$ K0 N% s( N z( O: M4 [ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 O9 j d8 y5 s 124. Boycott of elections
R( ~. a2 U0 E+ H, w8 f 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, {0 f, u0 |. ` 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 X/ E8 R. S$ y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 P; y" j/ D- d5 l; Q
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, z3 ]1 t7 l. m- G 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, x1 q8 Q1 L$ m# H6 [6 v7 k( L 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% D, g* {! P- Q2 X 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 r9 f" t7 y6 x 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" A5 n- M6 k7 _
! i! `; j# t. H" Z# SCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 L3 `: r1 h/ E; g
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
3 Y/ _6 A/ s( ^ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ U2 X x1 K9 X/ Z5 X& ]; @4 L 135. Popular nonobedience
$ B4 L0 U6 x+ w6 F 136. Disguised disobedience
# i4 r# N, |0 L; u 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 s6 Z- J* u# b" K8 u8 P5 A 138. Sitdown: E& G3 d! O g& N
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 Q4 l5 [) j N" U2 {" H& n
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! I( h ]& m5 I& m* @" T
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
* g; s$ J \& R9 ? Y( T
( O% X H/ q1 ]& O W7 l8 _( }: ^Action by Government Personnel" h7 U6 G$ T5 f/ }& H. U9 A
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( E. ~; z( m% v4 ^: Z: h/ P2 n 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 V; \( h$ j6 U$ l# P9 { 144. Stalling and obstruction0 ~0 W$ I! M _& \& z
145. General administrative noncooperation
" i! m# ~0 ~% a! s7 ^; r% E* u4 k6 o. ~
146. Judicial noncooperation
' y5 n+ g3 ]: j& e7 F% ?: W 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 e2 T+ C, I5 P. F- v 148. Mutiny
! p' Y$ C) w# |; h; K2 W$ }Domestic Governmental Action
/ D( V: l' f' W 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays, `% m7 | E ?* C; G1 b* @
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 ?2 b: A4 p& `. _" Q7 z( c% p; |( A
International Governmental Action
# `+ _# P9 O! e8 j: `! [# z! S 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations9 U, m+ n2 j5 D% w
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' L! d \& k! I! ?# b
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, m& s/ ?) Q- |- `" t" J
154. Severance of diplomatic relations( v8 |/ E: P C, B5 Q+ ^
155. Withdrawal from international organizations' `. t |3 E7 Q- Z4 a q9 B
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 s; u8 v. p T/ f/ p7 q, Y% g 157. Expulsion from international organizations, o9 T3 U2 b6 D
6 T# r" o, {% ]
! T* D. U9 D! Y [$ t5 n- v. B `, p- A6 X
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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2 B' S1 k( t: R8 r& b ( V" T7 s4 J# X
Psychological Intervention
7 r0 Y; ^5 E! ?- m 158. Self-exposure to the elements
p$ R' N% a+ g! V/ b" q 159. The fast
$ E$ {! b* y9 f" y9 u; w+ v a) Fast of moral pressure F( G' [# z! n' v. j1 o
b) Hunger strike2 v: m+ V8 y% l3 u" m
c) Satyagrahic fast
, z+ \' v4 I( P# Q0 y 160. Reverse trial
j0 U$ F( Y- | 161. Nonviolent harassment
. \- C! c: h& A! J4 F2 \* s; \2 N( v& ]. ?
Physical Intervention+ V" j. t) G- ]: z& X( ?: [
162. Sit-in* ^8 n3 w, F3 ^. C! H
163. Stand-in
" I* w1 c( ?: v+ C3 E/ Z 164. Ride-in4 Z& ^. }' y, l4 h) ^
165. Wade-in% @5 I! I# k2 p4 Y6 S5 F U1 `
166. Mill-in/ e0 c2 o! [/ p x1 W' K' ^3 e# g0 n
167. Pray-in
) _, y9 S" H6 K6 b- c 168. Nonviolent raids0 C) h( `' U' a7 t! I. u* f' i
169. Nonviolent air raids& ], w: B, W4 c0 _: m' i2 }4 Z a
170. Nonviolent invasion" f# z: n+ [ Y0 P# L& ]- s
171. Nonviolent interjection3 i' z s: t ~. O, f$ r8 e; @
172. Nonviolent obstruction
6 [4 M# _8 o9 I8 ^ G 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention7 f6 s$ S( M7 R$ C* I E9 V6 ?; @6 s8 H. l
174. Establishing new social patterns
4 Q% o: I) J# ~ 175. Overloading of facilities# r2 o% q/ ~; f$ ]
176. Stall-in, R- X! }# v3 G0 p5 `
177. Speak-in
$ ~7 _% X5 Z8 g7 w% o& y, @ 178. Guerrilla theater; Z6 t. y6 Z: D. V
179. Alternative social institutions# g+ w* |& _! W" B. d+ J9 g
180. Alternative communication system
: ^* z4 Y. `: C, p, T
* w0 }" ?2 ?0 Q$ Y& |" iEconomic Intervention
y! d/ J' b" u1 x 181. Reverse strike
- b$ v U7 U9 X& V 182. Stay-in strike
+ m* `2 ^0 _0 v% W 183. Nonviolent land seizure1 c2 J5 o1 G T1 l
184. Defiance of blockades
: m7 l6 v7 A3 G2 I# ^2 N/ \ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! R! n5 j# B! m' p0 g
186. Preclusive purchasing
$ \# }# i+ s+ A5 F2 k" P 187. Seizure of assets3 _; d8 l/ x7 X# z0 r4 i0 v# ~
188. Dumping
$ `# P! F3 ?) Z& { 189. Selective patronage
6 t8 T4 x5 ~( t! ] 190. Alternative markets
& o; X, [; r5 e/ n+ G; W 191. Alternative transportation systems
( R/ Y$ w3 `' H9 k: C7 ~' I 192. Alternative economic institutions! A/ a; q, x$ ~9 h
6 H* ~ w( ?) R( H
Political Intervention
" e& e# q; i( G3 k7 K 193. Overloading of administrative systems1 a: S) e( T) D, v' e
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
: U4 n& Z& H h 195. Seeking imprisonment
6 U9 W5 e& I. m2 Q 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 Z. R8 Z' m4 R* K# x 197. Work-on without collaboration) l/ L& I: v/ Q3 H
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
