 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' {; U; U+ g, C) f' I& W
Formal Statements
8 w" b1 j1 [; B# |- H0 y9 m 1. Public Speeches0 I5 m1 @9 m( `$ T) i
2. Letters of opposition or support
) l1 I( h* Q1 n7 C& m7 W( r9 T 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% M2 N7 W5 i. p0 }+ F2 Y 4. Signed public statements
P! C$ p3 y: {! I8 O- M5 b 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 H: J2 k5 }8 d$ y. W% ^ 6. Group or mass petitions
& P& j% j! k h! k7 m; }
; `' t& P2 E" l) u/ n! m9 k8 _: fCommunications with a Wider Audience" ?1 t F0 ~$ s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) J% N2 a) E) R4 j$ g
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* }3 r9 M0 W$ T: s1 X7 h% k& P 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# }9 ^0 r4 o$ i9 m) \: \" p4 q- q 10. Newspapers and journals/ ]! j. g8 c! G, z3 C% w+ Y
11. Records, radio, and television+ }8 k1 L5 O4 `. ?8 f- d
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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6 w/ @, v/ m0 n- j$ d8 WGroup Representations! s$ D" `- H% j) N: n( Y- s
13. Deputations) g) }/ M5 _) K: `- n
14. Mock awards
- X5 a: I9 L* J5 h4 H 15. Group lobbying
. h5 y$ C# k& Z3 x- J2 ~$ S! O 16. Picketing4 ]5 f d D) q7 q( n
17. Mock elections& T' j( |6 x/ O0 k1 {- O
# f5 o6 o5 ~" s. ~; E( ]
Symbolic Public Acts
; M$ j7 ^3 m( \ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' i& l$ V- {+ r8 Y8 {- W
19. Wearing of symbols7 ^+ u" p# G% e: l( R
20. Prayer and worship
/ W1 V3 a1 H# r# u' U% f 21. Delivering symbolic objects' p( t" J1 z# R
22. Protest disrobings. I: P) K' C# C) T- T, z) r( A
23. Destruction of own property9 `9 z* e- Y) [8 G X6 A* m
24. Symbolic lights
8 X! J9 ^% j. W! ?& O 25. Displays of portraits
/ m6 q+ G# C1 A L 26. Paint as protest
! m3 C. W" p9 S# `2 P. Y3 Z: L 27. New signs and names
w. _+ Z6 |2 Z {. B 28. Symbolic sounds
! A4 \- |, ^' b! _, w% U 29. Symbolic reclamations
+ t; O- ?3 i! B5 \/ U2 T7 F 30. Rude gestures
" m) P7 _; O% w
" ^5 `- H+ {9 C! }; FPressures on Individuals+ b" `, ]. B5 g
31. “Haunting” officials2 Q+ p/ ^, D( x6 S5 a/ }4 n- a1 J
32. Taunting officials
. m' h t2 L( A) r& F9 [ 33. Fraternization+ p' _: M4 b w6 H
34. Vigils: ~! R; H) L, O2 C T# L% K$ n
8 G, n* |, p9 c5 a
Drama and Music
+ D9 b) ^0 n; E$ M 35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ k1 D- X3 J' ]2 f' B' q 36. Performances of plays and music# X( M+ M, {5 `3 C4 \
37. Singing0 Z6 i7 l; T0 v, c* j) Y
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Processions
8 e1 g5 m* z' b$ S2 r: R+ k7 I: | 38. Marches( |0 Q" U7 Y8 s
39. Parades
1 N1 n {3 U6 z# T$ W 40. Religious processions
7 A$ Q+ i3 B2 E7 f6 _# g 41. Pilgrimages
- } S! e3 r; t- o% N, H3 O 42. Motorcades& L( X0 b2 h& O g; @% u+ y: _5 N
. L# K! m$ W; l U
Honoring the Dead
# Q; M. y4 }3 G 43. Political mourning
# t. e% U1 |; k7 [/ i( g/ u( S/ d 44. Mock funerals
) [5 v4 ^% _" g0 A 45. Demonstrative funerals( n f" N7 Y/ g$ M9 u
46. Homage at burial places
2 i% H- o; o5 d. p& E: @8 J3 l2 z/ k; t6 H# g1 J
Public Assemblies
1 @1 S# }$ ~' U& \! x# o) f: B" l ^ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
" R5 E# T% V4 l4 k0 w 48. Protest meetings
' P8 @$ [4 ?; c0 e Y- Y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest4 b2 }' d4 d* Y* M+ E% p; ~5 a( ?
50. Teach-ins% ^: {- V8 q7 Z( e5 g% s" d( z
/ o+ } I* ^# W9 s
Withdrawal and Renunciation
- S' r2 n* s" h8 g' X 51. Walk-outs' r' ?9 @( i5 i- H8 t
52. Silence7 I8 E: q6 y: {" Z
53. Renouncing honors& t; h! Z: C- R8 Z
54. Turning one’s back
5 u( z& O* Z. w! g1 `
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! E5 N, N7 X( ^3 O2 N+ F/ ]" [- Z% a+ r
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 G t z2 V% }! d) k6 b& a! u3 p5 e( X" ?3 b3 N" t
9 U. s- E3 w# i
1 r4 `" W3 U: L* {4 s D; w% J1 dOstracism of Persons6 h" K" {# L, ~, k4 a8 z
55. Social boycott8 a( R) s/ g; x0 S c
56. Selective social boycott
+ ?: E- B& k7 _* k0 A$ S( r 57. Lysistratic nonaction: y. z; B! `- L: x; y& i( u
58. Excommunication
& I: ]: m" Z! |! | g8 q f 59. Interdict
4 m& s: r* ~9 y% e
* `6 U8 S2 H) m. Q; O8 a9 o( g; mNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- N, j' f- u. R 60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 f" j) ]2 q. D6 B m: f6 q1 l) u
61. Boycott of social affairs
, m* c* ]( c* L 62. Student strike* k1 H; k C1 a$ I. k! M% G
63. Social disobedience
) r7 y4 Q" i, P! n p$ M0 c7 w 64. Withdrawal from social institutions1 a( s) h. u( J( O, d- ~; l5 a( G; n' m
2 J1 l5 Q7 T% n/ u# _! w: zWithdrawal from the Social System
; \% }6 B& S0 s) J! T7 {9 P/ h* ^ 65. Stay-at-home
" T; A" S! ~' b) Z 66. Total personal noncooperation* m( D; s9 D1 Q. u9 d
67. “Flight” of workers/ t9 |; U7 z) v- w
68. Sanctuary) Y& ?- ?" o0 Q) j5 l0 t- m
69. Collective disappearance
$ ?9 Y) r* }* p+ I- Y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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: z9 A; X' J" G' ~! Y% O% X; \* W
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, j' O; k( M: J9 X/ T6 `: {. WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS z! p# U% m5 `2 R w
2 _1 x6 ?" Q- L# O5 l
1 S2 _7 u) {% G8 BActions by Consumers
# R+ s$ o3 l* p0 Z 71. Consumers’ boycott1 M% P( k5 ]' y; ?) V
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 A* L1 D1 g% T+ v9 l! H5 l. R( Y 73. Policy of austerity$ S1 m/ F8 e9 d
74. Rent withholding
4 ]) u; t, X2 t- v- l 75. Refusal to rent
5 }$ K% Y& ?( y( k2 t9 {6 N" ` 76. National consumers’ boycott
# K& d# c9 _8 Y 77. International consumers’ boycott# V& J: Y1 N9 w7 n" l
* M4 h* j g& r
Action by Workers and Producers n; Q8 {# L/ g5 R
78. Workmen’s boycott
! z% ^8 C1 @$ b+ f; K' Y 79. Producers’ boycott
5 D. e: V- B1 }4 P! _& O& J* u0 X0 B) l1 a$ S( q" U% N- {
Action by Middlemen% m+ W" z5 z3 m9 A3 v) S8 \
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ F; c5 b3 H/ [
5 ~ C# P1 b lAction by Owners and Management
! j7 c; L4 [$ ~2 G- `' r9 o 81. Traders’ boycott, i; r J5 D9 _' n# h! [
82. Refusal to let or sell property
" p0 Z3 h" s3 ~8 G/ v5 x 83. Lockout
. f* i8 R0 B# Z 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 Q% n) }* G. M4 U5 q8 N4 {9 Y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
) ]+ M, _) o/ [$ `4 k$ Y8 X6 R
# W0 Q1 Z2 s' _' R* sAction by Holders of Financial Resources
" S0 Q2 ^6 m4 T0 B i k% x7 _ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits* n w! z9 u/ ]% j
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* R5 K/ K: A' k: ?! Y" Y q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 h+ q6 a( o$ @6 Q
89. Severance of funds and credit( |7 k9 F1 q/ W) E2 [% C
90. Revenue refusal
+ n) }4 }$ n: p# X 91. Refusal of a government’s money: I/ Q- }- C% Y0 G9 G5 |4 v4 p
& ]2 H L2 q- i0 v
Action by Governments" l* J# D4 P# w( _; i% e
92. Domestic embargo
) M' k7 t& B( T- o: P0 V 93. Blacklisting of traders
9 Y8 V1 N* p; d+ ] 94. International sellers’ embargo
' c; d* n5 s: C# z0 x% I I 95. International buyers’ embargo
/ B; D* h1 |8 ^6 i" V 96. International trade embargo
. X$ f7 j6 e( W4 ?' r* c" I/ n3 C7 N0 n/ H3 C- u. G
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8 p/ L( z; h$ h5 ?0 ^ z- i; |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE) E6 B+ F- x& s% o& o! U: x
0 b L- B: Y% B
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Symbolic Strikes" A0 G1 Z% u+ C/ Q3 r
97. Protest strike
/ Q- s. x: \3 G# V+ }# J, y: { 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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Agricultural Strikes# R8 k8 O- b" h0 j$ e
99. Peasant strike/ W B6 ~9 o! M% N, u
100. Farm Workers’ strike
/ P; D. V4 O4 x7 A2 o7 l) `+ v! z3 d, ~' O
Strikes by Special Groups
* m% s, V& h: K" a 101. Refusal of impressed labor3 X; z# O M- B* m9 ?' H# d; v
102. Prisoners’ strike
: W3 @" W( h* [! m 103. Craft strike3 I: S6 f3 d1 m' k) y. ^ o
104. Professional strike
2 T' b6 q2 |) { w7 N# o0 Y5 B% [+ n/ V% @) o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
3 P( b, j& @( U1 K* v% \; _ 105. Establishment strike
& l( m0 @) ?) d% a a1 Z 106. Industry strike( V5 J/ x- o. {3 e+ H0 v' o
107. Sympathetic strike
; q) Z6 h. j1 H) _) {' ]9 q% X5 w0 d5 |0 F( s, {7 l
Restricted Strikes
+ f5 y% Y; \! c+ E/ x& ? 108. Detailed strike
0 r) H: y: z8 c 109. Bumper strike F1 u+ R6 p7 _: M \
110. Slowdown strike
: X$ U. a8 w9 X& g 111. Working-to-rule strike! k& T4 b! P3 p2 @7 q9 f8 c
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! I- M' n" L% \) Z6 J0 q' w! [8 c! e$ j
113. Strike by resignation
- k$ q0 R/ F, R/ U1 p, | 114. Limited strike8 k' d U' {0 s5 Q+ [8 J
115. Selective strike% v2 f- x' x4 O6 T5 R
* |. m D+ C/ Y& i$ e2 MMulti-Industry Strikes
; R) I+ L2 ~( N3 L3 g. G: ?! x+ Z! i1 _9 @% P
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. M9 i3 j6 p& r) A/ h" J( }
- V; D" V f7 B- k' H/ f6 n 118. Hartal
7 |: V2 o+ v# @, ^" W
! k5 u" k& L" }% Y 119. Economic shutdown
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3 s% G* o5 S; N4 n$ {/ \& O! W
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION9 j# N) p! I! E" n
q! z3 |% c% s( W( W; O
$ N- [6 m5 v6 f- r% Q, [. `, IRejection of Authority7 Z8 |. d( s. K) N/ a, O1 p
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance H0 j9 v) W0 J' n' s$ M' t
121. Refusal of public support6 {* ^7 E5 n' ^6 ]- H
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance) @9 ~ C3 c* W* ?' _% H
# M# ]+ f8 r- @; `8 P/ f* \Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) c0 y; J* s& L3 A3 X7 H 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# k2 m& G7 u3 C _# u2 @8 h 124. Boycott of elections
# B' }- c& X% p 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! O# B& y/ l1 G! O' c" u: W: e 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 r% b1 y9 V$ m/ Z- Z; o 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 h- S8 j( s6 r3 \% Z
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( A- w- [5 w& d* ~
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
) h2 E; j: t" X0 }6 O 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- ?7 @' ]3 a7 P% H4 ?4 V
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) K& z$ s2 O- s2 ^. c0 a: s 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. t: e3 |/ K, O4 W
@6 e. C8 i& @; P0 a$ R5 W- ~Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 Z! W4 h1 b& |$ m- Y7 R) }9 x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 x& }8 E* U& l2 o/ U0 m
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 g' ~2 A' {3 x7 D/ A" M& v
135. Popular nonobedience! ?. }$ R% b1 F& y
136. Disguised disobedience
* L, p0 u8 }5 m- [% E 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ E4 }& |! \5 `9 a
138. Sitdown
7 O/ K @# S5 F9 T; W$ _4 J) ?3 ] 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 k- M7 X. O" S# @9 E. f! Z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ Z, ?! p. y# ]
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
( m: I/ U9 m' ?2 ^, u. z' A$ r' T0 X! ?: y# }* j: e& h
Action by Government Personnel
% D* l) O# J" ]4 M# Z/ @5 n4 R 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! h& r; V, y! l. K! @, V" r 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( O* \; {- x3 J$ k3 ?) c8 Z3 A# o 144. Stalling and obstruction: D- K6 n. a i' p3 j f* R; _3 K: |0 C
145. General administrative noncooperation, B9 {0 M/ X4 U/ x
H5 {; E& m3 Y9 W* t 146. Judicial noncooperation7 }2 f; C: k9 M5 O6 I2 \7 u8 Q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# k3 Q, C3 V0 s6 z) k# ?* F/ B! B
148. Mutiny" W& ^2 J s3 V* ~+ G
Domestic Governmental Action
1 }% @& b. ^ J) E# Y4 c" P 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( X) p3 G* \' X
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ V! g1 d; W, n; ?+ q+ X( }" b# L. h
/ t$ _' Y" [% K4 p4 u( XInternational Governmental Action( W0 V! a1 X3 `" c7 }7 j j6 f
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- H: Z4 f9 o0 c1 l, l0 i8 R N
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- v. X5 V# g4 q% _
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
% q! J2 s( r" c7 p& N; o 154. Severance of diplomatic relations# {# Z/ R, F: c2 k* D( p4 G1 S
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 e' t: _$ Y2 b* r 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ I8 U* Y. d% K" b
157. Expulsion from international organizations
$ O9 M" R5 | {1 S; I3 A' I7 y9 v+ j3 j( y
4 b( m3 P% g" A+ {
" K% D* x' ~; dTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION( h5 B: k9 B' g9 G( v) ?
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$ d x# g6 {/ k" G& m2 n9 cPsychological Intervention% j. r' q6 R- @* Y3 `* b8 \
158. Self-exposure to the elements' x- d) T1 p, K6 U
159. The fast
" K2 c/ L/ x8 d4 Q1 B% C a) Fast of moral pressure
9 x5 |( J. f! _$ S b) Hunger strike
7 L1 C8 L1 I$ L; i( Z c) Satyagrahic fast
3 `: o6 q9 {9 u& x& N/ O; s& ? 160. Reverse trial# o N H, [+ Z4 W+ w o" e
161. Nonviolent harassment
5 u# k4 V. t/ `/ \+ j
" F/ p- {6 D/ L( _+ iPhysical Intervention2 T' X0 r; O( h" r1 V4 k. G+ W
162. Sit-in5 d' H) q4 R& Y# G4 W' Q: P
163. Stand-in
- k2 l6 P. B! j" @) I3 L% p/ _ 164. Ride-in+ u$ W( k" D4 z3 ^1 A9 N# C+ R& s
165. Wade-in% g$ z* {) O( u" ~. D% n
166. Mill-in
) ~5 J2 u6 X7 b; Z; A0 A5 S- n 167. Pray-in4 z* T: f5 R2 c7 ~
168. Nonviolent raids+ C# l4 G t7 p; g6 ^9 W& H
169. Nonviolent air raids s0 A9 X0 n, v. V1 h9 J/ ^
170. Nonviolent invasion
5 S" s* `# S% F& U( p* P 171. Nonviolent interjection
# y. x# |! s8 [! @ 172. Nonviolent obstruction% i4 _8 k4 j" v j0 o B# |1 m1 T
173. Nonviolent occupation
0 b: I0 I2 u* e K) |/ E0 d
( p7 J3 o* [0 kSocial Intervention3 v6 k n% w% `+ j
174. Establishing new social patterns
8 b9 n+ ?- F& G# ~6 p+ E' v, U 175. Overloading of facilities
/ Z3 u/ A" [$ a 176. Stall-in
& f& t3 L. Z& j. c 177. Speak-in; A( [* _, H/ Q9 I2 S& |' H
178. Guerrilla theater
. _2 I/ h# q' g: y+ l 179. Alternative social institutions
6 d/ @; P; @+ M" x! X, B' Q% X 180. Alternative communication system- c) g2 V6 Z) ` b
. l# i( K* w# \7 w. {5 d
Economic Intervention
2 a! j/ W9 O6 j. q5 U) z 181. Reverse strike8 V4 y0 v$ }, d7 A
182. Stay-in strike; g( p7 W0 n0 n& c( c6 ?
183. Nonviolent land seizure
; j# K' Y+ L3 w7 ] 184. Defiance of blockades
4 `9 N/ Z+ {; c! W 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' b: {8 ?8 c) y% C, P 186. Preclusive purchasing, f1 P/ \/ A5 o2 `1 y
187. Seizure of assets
8 F: ]3 L1 J: H! [- Z" | 188. Dumping
, o# A, {. }- p+ } 189. Selective patronage
) D( T! }. Z7 D3 X 190. Alternative markets6 Q) i6 ?% m$ w2 d7 j: ` U
191. Alternative transportation systems
# x- [; s3 |, V" o- Y& Q } 192. Alternative economic institutions
7 S8 o8 X# I/ X- {9 Q( m2 ^8 _7 y+ Q2 R+ e. ^( l. M1 n
Political Intervention
) b: ?8 Y' \* U0 S# w } 193. Overloading of administrative systems
" @& o- s7 ]3 Q! H% W+ S. I 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
1 P8 J& ]$ w+ d \" C, n 195. Seeking imprisonment
; M. t4 I- j8 k 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' z$ L' p& i6 K# S! Y H# c4 X3 X w
197. Work-on without collaboration
+ H( z& Q1 Y1 C2 D: \ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
