 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- | P6 U1 c8 Z* MFormal Statements
5 i% n' s7 @0 h 1. Public Speeches r9 Z+ P8 t2 g3 a* ?% K& s
2. Letters of opposition or support9 x! c- D: u. T" h% Y3 i+ [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 f1 p- p: B1 d/ _( b8 U 4. Signed public statements
" n5 X( F" q/ n7 E! H( P. c6 h 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 P+ A# Q. r2 m. l; {1 i1 `$ r' @ 6. Group or mass petitions
$ ~' {2 J* G- a
+ C4 D' @! @; g- d: VCommunications with a Wider Audience# Q5 |# G2 K" H7 w5 m
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 Q, p' E: d" @ O/ X
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# E0 c8 s$ R3 N! {6 i 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( c1 _) w( E4 t# X: M
10. Newspapers and journals, s1 F$ \1 P6 E% O. ]
11. Records, radio, and television
' [- M }( @: j H# T 12. Skywriting and earthwriting* |! y- t/ x& X$ I: {+ }5 a+ l
$ ?4 {* M {: R% _7 {& M9 m5 Z. i+ GGroup Representations
+ i- a r5 n% a6 Z6 @ O 13. Deputations; M7 d* x: `4 s- k/ _
14. Mock awards& E: q% Y! {, c- P+ P
15. Group lobbying
3 I+ e" D: a& \ s. ~ 16. Picketing
$ |* P! B$ s4 `' ? 17. Mock elections
+ N |: o: K( k) z" M
. t0 o4 _$ e$ ?+ p5 R8 [Symbolic Public Acts
! j0 s4 a i# P( i; a, K- v0 v 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; G3 o9 A% a+ p5 I. J
19. Wearing of symbols2 Z/ a9 G k0 g( N7 E
20. Prayer and worship
- ~# s4 o# R' U 21. Delivering symbolic objects
# D ^! B# ]6 { x3 w* K0 M3 c9 J 22. Protest disrobings. U1 R- ~) s1 _ B5 O9 Z) U
23. Destruction of own property4 Q0 x0 ~* N q
24. Symbolic lights
: d9 |5 {' T7 d! H( L 25. Displays of portraits. u2 V* P0 s0 t9 k* q
26. Paint as protest
5 S5 k! J$ \- k0 R 27. New signs and names
% c8 x" w. p* \6 b% K; o 28. Symbolic sounds
" u C/ N' E% d 29. Symbolic reclamations
- R7 Y# n) |& A2 L- p, E- C 30. Rude gestures
7 Z: b" u9 M& b9 |9 ]
4 @, J1 |* H/ e& q2 z" @Pressures on Individuals+ `$ {! J: i; ]
31. “Haunting” officials. f) @: \! t' R$ @3 L( X
32. Taunting officials
. M3 m8 G! m( S 33. Fraternization
" m3 i2 \* P+ P1 D% k) V, K 34. Vigils
- k- K9 c5 z7 S6 _ _% @* S# x& F; e* ]. O* |
Drama and Music
/ N; V8 h, O* p6 o 35. Humorous skits and pranks4 B9 l# k8 i; E# i9 G" G' X& K
36. Performances of plays and music5 ~1 ?0 n8 r6 w- [
37. Singing
: D0 X7 Y; F" f5 Y c0 v1 E, o0 g; H$ \7 c7 a h
Processions h1 z" z5 B" N2 f/ x$ e9 D
38. Marches
: W# z8 w- B, Y9 J 39. Parades
# d$ b9 w; C7 a$ X G s 40. Religious processions' O: y: A8 S! J/ _
41. Pilgrimages4 c5 c5 ?+ k5 ]* p3 E$ e' M
42. Motorcades- Q) k B& W& E8 `, x+ w
t- W" e1 g* S7 w/ ?" ]6 _. xHonoring the Dead
X' U$ F, G4 Z7 C4 K 43. Political mourning
6 H' P% q. t, N% g! O1 \0 m 44. Mock funerals
! g; T2 X5 m2 o: C) A" e5 q" n: b 45. Demonstrative funerals" p8 Q; j4 b9 i$ _. ^! b! i
46. Homage at burial places
3 E( e3 @& s4 I" H( s/ j- w; w
6 N! O, l9 [( \0 R- P0 lPublic Assemblies
* g, Y+ L9 s$ j' i 47. Assemblies of protest or support
B$ v$ w2 u; K" P+ O 48. Protest meetings
0 c B: M. M5 P' a# ]1 b1 c( R 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 L1 r T' e; {' U- d" a
50. Teach-ins* z2 D2 e9 C# S8 o: d
+ z0 f& y! G( }8 W
Withdrawal and Renunciation
9 p/ R2 E* k6 j' h- q 51. Walk-outs
. o6 l' n+ T' e# R- G; {3 a 52. Silence
. p1 K6 c+ a, d1 f+ X 53. Renouncing honors
, [- p0 B0 ~* X- H4 { 54. Turning one’s back' E- ]& s# U! V7 s3 d' Y
+ I: B& y2 |9 G" a! Y( E
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; v9 W1 l( P& I) j: d' d5 gTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ k+ N" M: R" b
4 V1 W$ s9 H* Q) i5 e
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' }$ O0 Y0 b/ I; R& Y- sOstracism of Persons; `$ b& c X. e3 W" A+ e& D3 e9 L
55. Social boycott7 Y! I, h P5 K" A1 l2 V! {% v& f& Q
56. Selective social boycott
5 ?6 D( _$ G8 h" G r* b" y; ~# Q) P: R 57. Lysistratic nonaction- i( J( T; H2 l# s
58. Excommunication; r- r) N1 O$ W9 \0 q
59. Interdict* T' f; c/ d) `2 @. R) A
, H1 l# f1 F$ s! T) UNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ e1 F4 f! Z1 J" L" V 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" L" G- A; n8 h1 @4 N+ I 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 z5 ~" w" k8 P$ c; W0 T$ ?& k 62. Student strike
* A5 ~4 L5 F* z 63. Social disobedience) Q2 v; v. d! [( \$ G5 b! |1 `+ J! Y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions- l+ A5 o7 e& |" _
9 L8 W8 F+ @- Q l6 Y0 X0 a) U
Withdrawal from the Social System, c* F% g: M4 b7 R6 |8 O. C
65. Stay-at-home
$ Z* i! m- B9 V6 b& ^( F 66. Total personal noncooperation
' z% b2 R/ |7 P. g( V! [ 67. “Flight” of workers+ J$ y1 i* O; d7 D; ?' N
68. Sanctuary
+ _6 v0 { H+ C( F5 h9 P1 p 69. Collective disappearance
0 w* `1 \- R2 W) R Q; k5 _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): y8 }1 u1 S2 }
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers! l& _9 K; V: h' I; u
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 t w2 s# W" q8 w2 T3 e/ t 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 ]4 G6 H0 i$ x1 s5 Y2 v5 B 73. Policy of austerity& Z+ J; K9 g S* D: E
74. Rent withholding: j: p: q4 i8 ?- K& O, t
75. Refusal to rent; s2 o. ]5 r+ H. ?! p9 g) D1 Y
76. National consumers’ boycott. R& y& }5 ?" O s# }
77. International consumers’ boycott
; \& x) d/ f: c3 z$ k; J2 {& j# E& {$ A: E* i, C' H/ r! I; y
Action by Workers and Producers
, l8 e) B9 \) x4 ^ 78. Workmen’s boycott
- ^. v& Y. V$ R+ x) I& F$ r& r2 b7 \ 79. Producers’ boycott
3 ]& w8 f; {: p! f4 ~! W) o6 T- m; @3 e- e6 r, P! s2 \
Action by Middlemen% F& r3 [7 q# U8 v0 A- o
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 i; ^+ r6 A( ?
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Action by Owners and Management& y+ l0 t& L/ O# E6 A% i9 W; I
81. Traders’ boycott+ o/ y. O. f* ]! S6 _# f1 i2 r% C) r
82. Refusal to let or sell property Z, f5 C) X o+ L8 x* D q3 K+ J f( l% z
83. Lockout
9 C+ n4 D- J4 w+ e 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 l. F2 d8 U; L4 T2 S) G h, D 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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! v8 q& i/ s) e" b/ K+ }# t( @Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" R% m* c7 |! i& d 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( O) x7 U' g" _5 }' ^6 \9 M 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ s! o9 Q4 N& O 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- O6 F5 k, }$ m }& X 89. Severance of funds and credit5 b# A3 `* [4 @) G
90. Revenue refusal7 _/ N0 H3 U" C" T' V
91. Refusal of a government’s money% r$ L- b9 m- r
% A# i; U+ K0 Z4 F3 T+ A& g0 AAction by Governments" j1 g. p$ z6 P' U! t9 D8 Z3 n
92. Domestic embargo! I E' c3 O5 q2 d( O J; L
93. Blacklisting of traders- A3 _) G# A& e4 n( ]6 N
94. International sellers’ embargo# W. a( [ W2 {6 W0 z4 j: c
95. International buyers’ embargo
. a2 F/ m T' E. ?' y- \" M6 C4 [ 96. International trade embargo" J! ]& k5 \2 o: ~
7 A! ?& X1 t V5 }5 m6 J# ~) {1 [ ; X; ~- A3 \8 u3 t% x
4 G- i2 K& _- f/ ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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$ [$ b8 e0 z d: J9 M$ |( nSymbolic Strikes8 b# I2 |" \ {6 F
97. Protest strike
( @: h, ]) G$ [! y' U( j9 s 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) q7 m( l* n; s: l
5 Q5 `! D% q( N0 a, eAgricultural Strikes
; d4 t. S" d# d* b, I$ ~6 h T 99. Peasant strike
' J8 c. f, Z' Q+ T6 G 100. Farm Workers’ strike
g) k' j) u* R+ s% D2 k/ m5 ]/ ^9 K' ]5 v# [
Strikes by Special Groups' ~5 Y6 t4 @$ ]7 G O
101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 O4 B5 p) J" t; G: {6 S 102. Prisoners’ strike+ y* W( p4 j; a( {
103. Craft strike
/ y) E2 h' H- o 104. Professional strike
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) s) Q" e3 L* l- i4 I9 o+ T& XOrdinary Industrial Strikes2 W. t+ N. a; }- G8 ?# a
105. Establishment strike: O, F4 t; i2 z F& p
106. Industry strike, v! K9 \+ @+ [5 m M3 g
107. Sympathetic strike. D) H3 b) d4 }8 I% {) x
5 c; w# u$ h2 V1 ^Restricted Strikes9 G/ }3 G+ ]2 P0 }8 r+ E% I8 p
108. Detailed strike
7 E2 [$ G8 t( V! K* c( G- Z 109. Bumper strike
- N2 X" P6 U1 h6 F1 e2 R 110. Slowdown strike
" }7 E6 c& k1 @6 @# ?0 x 111. Working-to-rule strike" m3 A0 P/ t/ ]. v9 T
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), k2 x4 b0 R6 p- A$ {0 q7 w1 L3 Y
113. Strike by resignation
0 {0 t& |4 d3 D, Q+ E2 C2 z 114. Limited strike$ z! p, d ?9 c4 ~7 p. {
115. Selective strike1 q1 U5 X Z) S5 h: X2 o1 M
6 u* `4 S5 r: L5 f8 V) ~Multi-Industry Strikes; M. I% m8 U3 }" a9 G
; B4 k4 O* u/ r; `0 [ 116. Generalized strike8 ~0 `1 Z; N% v5 z) R( e. K0 U' _6 E
% ^8 ^1 \, b9 J4 g 117. General strike
z6 _6 M/ a' r
) t f) `0 p! h0 Q iCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures: L. m& [' |5 l# K7 \7 G+ {( x
2 s" ^5 ^, }7 H& h; A& G# ] 118. Hartal2 Q2 q* D9 R/ V# o& e U
! a% T. u+ q( n3 q2 j 119. Economic shutdown+ l3 X$ ], \( K) R9 j
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; D& ?9 L8 } ?, |0 PTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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* C" d1 b' t) D0 c) C; GRejection of Authority5 {. \1 Q, T9 g6 y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
, |0 w* q! O7 v; O& G, a/ ^ 121. Refusal of public support
+ A/ X/ s! x/ S, y2 X+ H 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 G# s. B! m2 ]0 w* W, S* Q1 y* Q% ~6 a; k% ^3 Z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* Q0 i6 I. U; |" M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 d" j: w2 r: l$ a
124. Boycott of elections
( t: J+ d* I. t$ v! I" B 125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ N. W4 h* Q8 n4 k0 C
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' |( s: z0 W( W) V; q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 H% L" U- R; N6 [3 ~ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# i8 h! [5 m+ q% m6 e
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: a6 p' t. A1 n' q5 j# C% L 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- ~2 r; ?- @2 M& |1 c8 ^ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: \- n/ J3 j6 d0 Z. D; H: J4 C# ]
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 @: F$ {2 K3 R5 z# J6 k0 [& F
# T( X# L; J, W/ KCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 g- c1 T+ k6 A% p 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: y3 ^$ @! c( C' Y! z0 K 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 Z' v- U p, v$ l3 T9 N* Z! f 135. Popular nonobedience$ D0 y5 b; s# Y% ^3 z( g" V+ I5 y
136. Disguised disobedience
% i0 ^3 G3 v& F2 D" W/ f+ o" O 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse! p# G2 f4 ^0 G/ I8 k! G( w
138. Sitdown9 q$ x4 M1 E4 ~+ O
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
9 M/ x/ c' D/ f0 {* b 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 P* [/ t! g. v
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, N2 E. K7 M4 v9 G: b' l
$ y' ~5 G$ Y2 j7 x; I6 {# k
Action by Government Personnel3 H: R& y+ [- }0 n2 I4 v% u
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! W2 w4 ~& M! i3 E b a
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* z' I& d5 s# k5 |2 J0 H8 ?* } 144. Stalling and obstruction& }1 V( K7 m5 ^, n! a' H" C
145. General administrative noncooperation
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+ Q7 G% j5 U2 {& N 146. Judicial noncooperation
- y6 A# @, Z9 N: b- C) n 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- z% M8 q7 E5 ]9 T
148. Mutiny
+ ^& @; S* Y3 M, MDomestic Governmental Action
, e( X. W1 [* ~ R; i% }$ n7 J 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 g3 y' \' c2 L; W; W 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 a: l4 X( D4 R# k5 ~8 s6 _
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International Governmental Action
9 m+ @8 t$ y. a7 A 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 J& B7 v" [- E. C$ o2 U 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ i% W* ]9 w5 L+ E& Q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; L- Q' c; c- b6 {; F1 N0 Z 154. Severance of diplomatic relations* q0 g* m$ Q! w8 @
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& _! }9 c/ L% v+ b! R' G2 Y0 ^0 w 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies t" R5 C! v1 f) Q5 Z' a
157. Expulsion from international organizations% ?8 {6 _ T8 E0 |
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: X' i" p9 t) c0 P/ T5 D- C' u9 {6 VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention" _/ t3 b; v* I' G) F
158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ W" a( z* U- Z/ _, N8 Z0 p. q 159. The fast1 ~: }. M# E q) ?
a) Fast of moral pressure2 p' @6 N. j' G+ Z* _! {( p
b) Hunger strike
- y! r# e$ H+ z% B, |% u c) Satyagrahic fast
$ ]( g" M7 J& L _ 160. Reverse trial4 K* P* }. G0 [4 _& y0 g
161. Nonviolent harassment' Y B/ R7 L% M) d% T. x- l
* ?4 X2 f4 W9 {; n5 [& i. FPhysical Intervention
& k6 G" g K# O* \2 g" c7 B 162. Sit-in
4 F3 N! k9 g% u& i' ~ 163. Stand-in
6 v1 d) Q- \! J, \0 u! y 164. Ride-in
+ @: q2 [) ~9 } 165. Wade-in! Y0 M$ N- V8 {5 u! C! k& i4 d
166. Mill-in
& M1 ?1 c" w; @' _ [ 167. Pray-in6 o; M0 Z1 O) |( l% w+ j; P" G- K
168. Nonviolent raids9 B% c0 C/ b$ M$ P2 E/ Q
169. Nonviolent air raids6 L2 E, Y% R; h( K: o& g
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 S) y' N$ M5 X* ~ 171. Nonviolent interjection
; e* B# m- h+ q5 U3 x 172. Nonviolent obstruction
" K4 v" `# E" G5 u6 _1 ]( w 173. Nonviolent occupation; l) J( J" }7 _& \0 y+ z
0 o4 ]% u) Q- r
Social Intervention: j$ U; N$ D$ K$ q0 f
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 n" C' q% R9 E1 \3 ~ 175. Overloading of facilities) S7 [- T M* J* p4 }
176. Stall-in, C( ]$ A( d1 r5 Q4 l1 ]
177. Speak-in2 {5 N) K2 p- }7 b F, \
178. Guerrilla theater W# I5 s, M1 s$ A# L" ^) F3 c
179. Alternative social institutions4 }( ^3 z; f, T
180. Alternative communication system8 [. v1 U6 o) k1 z5 x1 X U
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Economic Intervention( Y7 Q, ~: g( b4 g/ S; [! d
181. Reverse strike
" o( t$ s% F7 L. c6 z9 i 182. Stay-in strike
9 H7 O, b/ a$ P- l5 H) U 183. Nonviolent land seizure
. R1 z, q$ \0 L 184. Defiance of blockades
; n4 M/ f" x( n7 w% ]) R2 W8 o) g 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) G ?0 ~" D0 O2 k1 A 186. Preclusive purchasing
7 k J+ l+ }/ N" t) z 187. Seizure of assets
: j9 `/ u6 ]; _" K 188. Dumping, r. l/ c' j9 D4 i
189. Selective patronage, k- ^/ D- P; b8 r% ~6 G ~
190. Alternative markets
) H6 z/ e7 E: @ 191. Alternative transportation systems* l; X2 N3 n$ A0 y' k
192. Alternative economic institutions
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' o; u0 n( R* S9 SPolitical Intervention* c, v" |, b/ K3 @
193. Overloading of administrative systems
! f3 _+ }7 K: T: O* e& D$ j0 Z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 G+ J! U- \( w5 X
195. Seeking imprisonment1 ~" E8 c$ d+ b4 s/ i
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
% s1 O) p3 \/ ~, i' S 197. Work-on without collaboration
" A8 Y( n( [/ _# i' x 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
