 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION) e6 J f0 I, _+ V& _3 S+ P
Formal Statements
- d0 I6 ?" F/ C, b: q' x' |' x; A 1. Public Speeches% P6 \) I9 C" J! I: H
2. Letters of opposition or support# o8 X7 b" |) v+ |+ x+ ^$ _2 z8 a
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 u( Z3 e, ^7 e( M 4. Signed public statements. H' [ d \; \4 D) k0 K# c
5. Declarations of indictment and intention& p* ]; q; Q* d$ R
6. Group or mass petitions" w7 i/ F" V0 q! e1 X" F$ m
. Q3 w+ X/ ?* n# S c4 q# q# c0 K9 lCommunications with a Wider Audience' K$ Y/ k# l8 S% w' }6 t# S L' O2 Y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% Q+ k8 ~. b$ G% \5 h/ f/ {
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 k8 l/ b/ T6 _" j# l) O7 G 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& M: t2 a. ]; R1 U2 ^- |
10. Newspapers and journals
- A3 G1 H5 z; N7 {4 i" N+ {/ v 11. Records, radio, and television
, @6 _1 G1 \/ O. c4 J 12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ U% y9 n! W& j4 f p
, V2 Y# o- b% y& K" l/ wGroup Representations
n6 ~. d' W/ L4 j* T! U$ h4 E 13. Deputations
4 m8 ~5 u3 ^ p, C" X 14. Mock awards
) l; r5 R% z9 J( d" d 15. Group lobbying
3 J. S+ M( J0 q5 W# ?& i3 B- G 16. Picketing( I6 C! m8 K& ~
17. Mock elections
0 \. v+ a% x3 D7 ]0 G2 {1 n' J9 G
Symbolic Public Acts6 U( C+ b! |6 X5 s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- r. X0 T# P9 W6 l% b
19. Wearing of symbols
1 h) O4 a ?2 v% l$ e' P 20. Prayer and worship
L$ T% D; v P9 ]- x) H O 21. Delivering symbolic objects) U) `+ M! ?5 d) S2 X9 j
22. Protest disrobings
, c# Q/ O+ a8 b! M# j 23. Destruction of own property
7 w; Z" [+ H' S( Y* L X 24. Symbolic lights8 l: y- n: s# B4 Q. }4 w
25. Displays of portraits
; n+ N$ \* r O7 y$ u" `$ |( R 26. Paint as protest0 c( D; p1 \: p0 E7 a# z
27. New signs and names
2 ?/ I' H3 U9 [. y6 W' f2 y 28. Symbolic sounds
; f3 O. [$ L$ g- i9 k% ~& v' g" K0 a 29. Symbolic reclamations
. ~: l8 I3 [! n) `( j# ]; N 30. Rude gestures
) u: e7 Z+ |3 ]2 U0 U* x- M7 Y$ c
* s/ r, k7 p5 ^" x) \& rPressures on Individuals
( j" Q' y1 Y, a/ V5 \6 G( Q! t 31. “Haunting” officials( t7 G& C; W+ b7 m! m1 r
32. Taunting officials
6 d# @) }% b$ y/ k9 G/ w' M1 X 33. Fraternization3 s7 J+ _5 Y7 f
34. Vigils; n; a7 M% Z! ?
5 K3 Y0 T. ?# `% }. DDrama and Music
' n; e) {( P" `1 w1 f/ K# I: ?+ [ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
& l+ X: O$ i- U; l. t 36. Performances of plays and music
! B: T) R y1 D) U' Y 37. Singing
+ w! {6 R. @ z; r7 g- J# [! z# {! {- E8 M) m
Processions
6 m0 a, p; e6 H* r4 {! i 38. Marches
- d2 P& t$ I; ?- H1 W5 w 39. Parades/ x L3 K* U6 R
40. Religious processions; ^/ n8 I4 {& @: p) q3 T- w3 m, r
41. Pilgrimages
; Z5 L; R& e/ k2 ~1 f 42. Motorcades
1 N, `. |: Q- \; Q5 r( z% o0 a
& D( Q! `3 ^( Y: g* K2 z8 d" R" QHonoring the Dead' Q" `# ~, Q- R* f8 J5 T5 j
43. Political mourning4 e$ w8 j* j& i" P5 Z& x' Z
44. Mock funerals2 F5 s. o9 H, T9 O5 b) v, F1 G
45. Demonstrative funerals0 y' ]: z; X7 |( P p4 o
46. Homage at burial places
8 E l4 f0 C# M M# [3 L
. @6 @8 p- F( q% b% yPublic Assemblies, i# h* c1 x1 \8 B- K# }
47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 ~3 ^9 j! S2 \1 v( i2 K9 l 48. Protest meetings
; t. i& \! g o3 h K/ c 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 V: u5 J7 k# A( w
50. Teach-ins$ k0 e5 J9 A0 M3 x, L2 O5 q
# O6 Y: s+ Y L: lWithdrawal and Renunciation
1 v) m- F) O, S 51. Walk-outs: M4 @% R8 d) @
52. Silence: {: f' b/ J' f; q# W b
53. Renouncing honors3 O/ V3 K4 l9 y1 V
54. Turning one’s back. X6 P$ \: `; q
# [4 U5 S7 ^9 u; J! k$ X7 y
8 Q' b+ I! Q* f2 C4 k) S m7 \9 q$ _( s* ^
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION c8 @% x; {; k9 B% k
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Ostracism of Persons
* ]! {4 `8 g0 `- D1 Q 55. Social boycott
0 E1 ?. A+ b5 d8 _ 56. Selective social boycott, @% s& ^+ m+ d, u# L9 G& q4 V
57. Lysistratic nonaction0 U# V8 s- ~: ^
58. Excommunication1 H0 Q2 n4 L+ u# u" h
59. Interdict
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5 H/ @* r5 r6 t) H! _Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions J T: S9 b0 F# q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 o7 F3 N# X* t9 \8 Q& _: h 61. Boycott of social affairs4 E# Q. w: ?) L5 z/ D. O/ X. c
62. Student strike6 f$ h* i; G8 {+ @. Y+ u8 F* Y
63. Social disobedience7 @6 u& k& ^7 c
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' r8 v$ E2 g$ I4 j# T D* R& A6 i
! }4 w% y; A: b6 D! @+ I% g8 TWithdrawal from the Social System3 A; `' }9 M2 O6 m$ R9 [9 c
65. Stay-at-home
* R( u0 B+ S% ] 66. Total personal noncooperation
6 l3 }& ~. e; O8 R- W( } 67. “Flight” of workers
6 a. J. [; x$ r3 j 68. Sanctuary7 m% c8 W l; [8 O
69. Collective disappearance2 _7 t- ]. {) Y; U2 K9 V( Q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 h8 x2 h. M- R- `) g- z# n& c
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 Z) w/ R$ ~5 s/ S4 c# r* n
7 _/ b) O( o6 C. b7 O
3 T8 T* _0 T/ _4 i- SActions by Consumers! e4 c, }! Q ]
71. Consumers’ boycott
& Y; t. \, T" p9 { }, _ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods) s6 X" `8 N- K
73. Policy of austerity
* r1 A; F' B, n+ j! h, x3 ]6 a4 A 74. Rent withholding
; P4 ~' R! H7 U ~ ^% a 75. Refusal to rent* l$ h4 A/ Z& A3 w1 s& m
76. National consumers’ boycott
2 \ i( [# |& ]6 D 77. International consumers’ boycott
4 D$ f) U; b1 z3 U3 f( R. K2 o, C$ F; p1 L) o- i
Action by Workers and Producers
% X& f; A- p: f 78. Workmen’s boycott4 j# g( d2 a4 ^2 C9 p1 Q- d8 S" p
79. Producers’ boycott
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1 C# ~( u. |; I+ x" b$ t# `Action by Middlemen/ z7 I$ R4 I$ q
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- z8 X* s8 A1 h+ _& b' Q1 W+ V
, {; e; F- Z! e; v3 z" UAction by Owners and Management, L; J9 Z& u& M0 f$ o0 a
81. Traders’ boycott
0 s# }' h( U8 \# u1 l 82. Refusal to let or sell property( E% l, ^( @9 v) X2 |: k
83. Lockout
1 {7 d1 i( C! x) c0 \ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: Q; m. M+ P* T 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 ]/ |. P: v A$ Q9 a
( q5 F; E# q5 K9 k3 U7 OAction by Holders of Financial Resources
4 d) Q. X4 s9 x( J1 u7 b 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% J9 m, V0 ^( _0 k6 J
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% Q) Q- @! V2 w$ i2 H$ r
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
' E U: J1 H* n: x) `! D 89. Severance of funds and credit- e5 n* N; b# A7 z; S
90. Revenue refusal* r8 ^0 r/ H- b+ S6 S# u' k
91. Refusal of a government’s money: _, x" u# A( U1 g9 a" S
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Action by Governments" ` A5 t/ U; y
92. Domestic embargo
% b( {* D' f4 f6 s2 e/ ~$ p2 W 93. Blacklisting of traders
2 Z! {1 K1 Y* b- q 94. International sellers’ embargo
- d# [6 H. F9 Q 95. International buyers’ embargo y; l1 g' s# v2 _8 v( T
96. International trade embargo
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" @7 b" K# |8 j* u) d) _ R
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& P8 ~* d7 k( u" P) L1 ] KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ [# G; e. A. U8 B+ b f' J
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Symbolic Strikes
$ J7 J1 X9 R- o3 V+ h" H, t1 t 97. Protest strike
0 ?3 D5 V7 w% z/ I7 l2 e 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) X7 f8 p1 N A8 U1 a- q% M: b/ G% n
, E% t5 o+ P# i+ |Agricultural Strikes
( [4 P& W8 ^, \# P+ `0 M2 ? Y 99. Peasant strike" D" s0 Q! T, O* i
100. Farm Workers’ strike8 w9 [* z( c+ i8 u0 [
- l1 v1 _3 _% `7 C' m" v: l2 `$ H
Strikes by Special Groups
S) }: ~2 A- d; } ~ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ @! x' o+ m0 p- v5 M 102. Prisoners’ strike; E, w1 l0 q- r) e, z
103. Craft strike
1 \; D7 M! v: I) I 104. Professional strike
) Z8 q3 l9 u' q# x, Q3 e7 \7 S8 W7 I& ]2 {/ f9 Z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes2 E, ?3 N, n& Y6 P
105. Establishment strike
& A$ @& i/ g; W 106. Industry strike( }' f5 ] ?5 V$ p
107. Sympathetic strike
# y' L. b, j- \ `! X3 n
0 a! c$ |4 r& \$ QRestricted Strikes$ ^$ l5 ~& L! C, c* j
108. Detailed strike) }2 p' q3 I4 C
109. Bumper strike
& j- s' P" {# \% m( ~- A1 w 110. Slowdown strike- g6 t+ }# w4 R7 ~! K1 R
111. Working-to-rule strike" |& `4 h0 K/ @, ?: ?. |$ [/ B
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 H( b8 Q( n0 h8 V; V7 F. F 113. Strike by resignation
# s# y# m- i+ ~) C 114. Limited strike! R6 D) L+ H7 }- E5 H. v
115. Selective strike
% ~4 L5 b" h% w( O4 M$ l! N& Z# {) q& s8 t4 b% p
Multi-Industry Strikes0 X4 I8 M# a) c. n- G0 R7 d1 H
$ ^$ g, ]9 b8 [) W. s
116. Generalized strike
l" ]% j' }4 P( T* e& N1 p2 ]: G: C/ B5 e+ w) p) C
117. General strike
4 X2 ^: W2 W% [8 ?% T4 i6 X" l3 `9 o4 |' h2 T) p0 T1 L
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures* S8 L4 s6 k$ M& _5 L: P7 [
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118. Hartal; G+ u& l) K( R. h
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* r/ z0 ]' v, y' ]+ `
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Rejection of Authority
& @1 ]# w- I* N% N 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ x) S1 m3 Z, C G7 H- D1 k
121. Refusal of public support
' P0 z0 v' H a% c. }3 K9 `/ X 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 X) A% k9 ?8 W& M% N: W2 ~ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies! ~5 q# @$ u' c1 U: `' |8 I* q
124. Boycott of elections
! l7 Z z v+ q* ` 125. Boycott of government employment and positions& y" `2 c m# p
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 }7 p3 V" F8 s* |- Z8 `
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% L5 l! I9 B4 k& s7 l) `, h6 I7 ~ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
0 D7 D0 \, Q( P 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ N) H( p4 |$ f5 u
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" v' r9 m$ M( e2 | w6 M 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 `# k' Z* w7 X$ t. t( T. O
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 I$ H7 X8 a' J Z. W3 {0 A- \
5 N6 w* E5 p3 I! d6 ~Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience, y6 w9 k0 G3 P0 k: M
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; {' G8 R! V V6 n; Z# {+ `3 w 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: u, M9 X j1 t7 m+ M- I6 G& d6 r& b 135. Popular nonobedience/ a Q; p8 Y* m2 ~
136. Disguised disobedience
5 E9 ]2 t7 { n& k+ E( s. L 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 S2 {! U8 f$ l. {: w' Q: j
138. Sitdown
, S. ]/ Y& w/ D9 u. p) P# h 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- c6 U5 m) s x: s! @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ k( Y' ^0 L1 v" b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" J( m1 b! c$ ]! Y' E
0 _0 Y- i5 {. V
Action by Government Personnel
. @4 j2 a$ d1 l; [6 ^5 a: f5 W 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 s b7 L$ t% |, i$ I# ^+ q
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! P5 @2 n! p) j) q6 B 144. Stalling and obstruction' T; e. ]8 X/ a1 r2 M4 E/ y! V
145. General administrative noncooperation% y7 N- V! \& Y, S5 {; D- W4 A/ e3 e
* U3 H6 J! W3 R$ h* b1 | 146. Judicial noncooperation! V+ L& |# k4 w
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% _, q9 `3 n8 f: @# o) C4 h
148. Mutiny
0 \, ~/ u2 V7 L8 PDomestic Governmental Action' s1 P- r) V2 l: a3 B
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 j$ V @. M# S) h1 |7 f 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 c; p* w, F1 r, J# x' e* d% [" m: E5 D% e; j8 Q$ M
International Governmental Action, L2 Q Q8 C( O) k) u, ~. S
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ Z+ }) F7 P8 |+ R: K- D4 i 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# @" I1 c, @" Y) P0 r3 i* t$ @
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- m( p9 ?! ]' L% F 154. Severance of diplomatic relations+ S$ L& B F: R& O
155. Withdrawal from international organizations" n* `2 E3 _! q! n" v* K
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& }+ _% C; }. J8 W. n; J
157. Expulsion from international organizations
% f5 H. k) ?9 E% c% H5 u: [& s8 d7 Z R E4 a; b
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& b6 ?$ o4 t& S3 H9 d. L
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& q) [/ d% [ z; @' d, D8 S0 X8 yPsychological Intervention" w9 n1 L2 g; Y2 m
158. Self-exposure to the elements
: r" U/ C0 I7 K t2 Y1 F: Y" J d 159. The fast* M$ ~" C$ ?2 g# C; t
a) Fast of moral pressure
% T! n5 h; [5 B0 v( h4 p b) Hunger strike
2 B* _- |0 ^' y6 U c) Satyagrahic fast0 v* x6 F; R- B0 D$ ~# @ g {
160. Reverse trial4 g' D* F3 }1 i# ~* a) O8 l; k
161. Nonviolent harassment
& W# y7 T8 s' B. N: W& n( f
# W e7 g0 Q8 ?: G1 A* u( W" O0 uPhysical Intervention! k- O9 V2 }3 A0 d
162. Sit-in1 Z$ G/ ^) z. z2 D$ d" b0 F7 Q, E
163. Stand-in1 i* v! T/ d# [4 h: R
164. Ride-in
' A3 P M4 y% g2 M& c( a 165. Wade-in9 h! s% x ^+ d+ A1 o
166. Mill-in
! X8 |3 ?* \& ~( W 167. Pray-in
' y0 s3 K( z( _) A; K% |' S 168. Nonviolent raids
" O8 \ s5 R7 C# N7 k1 w: w 169. Nonviolent air raids
- G- e) E" V! F4 c% p S 170. Nonviolent invasion W1 a0 A- e0 r) M
171. Nonviolent interjection" D! ~& t2 ^- y
172. Nonviolent obstruction2 c; A' M5 N4 A
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
2 R. d. T& g' F+ ~% | 174. Establishing new social patterns
1 y/ C, x) T+ s4 y 175. Overloading of facilities
! a6 v, m z: b6 M1 _ 176. Stall-in: N2 r4 G% U3 A2 E% b. a4 a7 M- @
177. Speak-in" u" g8 Q% L4 a% E, s5 K8 h5 U
178. Guerrilla theater6 B7 Z. w/ n! ?5 o; ?$ n
179. Alternative social institutions
5 v7 e1 N; i! k# j% _- E& z 180. Alternative communication system
8 e; r# C: H$ ^6 T
& V5 Z9 e/ z; R7 M4 |5 u7 L3 JEconomic Intervention
; a9 r$ P& H. n0 y) O( t5 D; X) @: z 181. Reverse strike$ Q( X: D' K2 C& Z0 `) ]
182. Stay-in strike
+ ~6 D1 W# j7 B: ^- b4 u 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' ~8 J6 S) F# N1 L 184. Defiance of blockades V: }" Y' N* \; J( L
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting9 { z8 d2 Z- _$ [ U
186. Preclusive purchasing/ t) Y1 Z3 }6 R1 s
187. Seizure of assets1 l1 E3 c! O1 t0 _. Y
188. Dumping$ ]( q" z1 A: t7 f
189. Selective patronage' m* _( X/ x2 v
190. Alternative markets
3 |( @* k8 J( k6 W+ c' Z 191. Alternative transportation systems
4 U; e" D0 O, \5 V$ l: V 192. Alternative economic institutions4 U2 f8 d' }- u7 i
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Political Intervention6 f0 d! n% k1 E7 I, R
193. Overloading of administrative systems
) \0 _ R# n( g; W9 u5 D 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
5 f6 o* U$ e& t Q) J! d3 Q 195. Seeking imprisonment
" E5 r# r1 W" d/ m 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 k; K- f: z) {; P k. h
197. Work-on without collaboration
8 j5 o! J1 c4 t0 I$ l0 W3 } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
