 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" q; o! ?+ g2 I/ u- c2 ?; ~# s0 J
Formal Statements
- l' n# j% a: @5 b" s 1. Public Speeches3 t8 `% g8 V1 I5 R- ~! O
2. Letters of opposition or support
% k; m- ^( m/ y8 s$ P8 a/ x& e& G 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions5 i* L- x% ]4 E$ B; H
4. Signed public statements+ `) l, r* Y( T4 T8 ]+ F9 R7 a
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. O% q ]3 Y8 y5 y6 ?# j% n7 u, y0 _# m 6. Group or mass petitions
$ N+ d2 l- s, Z' E# L5 N9 r
: r3 j3 w+ t* i) _! I! YCommunications with a Wider Audience
; w8 u/ p2 a( M- S1 ~ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; H( f5 Z% E& ~) H& s0 V+ g
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 V. Z4 N# R# h/ x 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 l( U+ o2 m2 [. i5 H! j
10. Newspapers and journals
( `9 \$ d7 u/ h E, O 11. Records, radio, and television
3 ^2 o4 h1 G2 m% L5 }0 c: B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ O# B; h1 [( U6 C
# l5 B6 T/ B- a; j8 e, d: c& WGroup Representations+ K! g0 h/ J. [+ J3 A) x
13. Deputations
/ w6 e- Q+ P) h# I% f 14. Mock awards# d0 P- b' N0 k( S0 q ~
15. Group lobbying4 U/ l% @% Q M" _
16. Picketing& \4 N1 E0 h% V6 X% k
17. Mock elections
& D" g! B9 A6 F1 v& d) l d( c' |7 x
Symbolic Public Acts
& C1 d& e$ w1 M$ F# L P5 Q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 S8 K( }3 }) A0 ^0 Y' a 19. Wearing of symbols" E* O7 r9 [ F, ?9 _7 z' V
20. Prayer and worship
/ T0 V8 ~' {3 [% @6 |/ ?5 j 21. Delivering symbolic objects/ T4 k% O6 L, f$ l+ _8 m
22. Protest disrobings. ?9 N3 V! Z; B, \ R$ {
23. Destruction of own property
* H! G/ U) ?$ ` 24. Symbolic lights
$ a, x4 _& j+ N& s. G0 e8 v; k 25. Displays of portraits
% }7 S9 f7 ?) F. q 26. Paint as protest p/ W3 u8 |, j# Q" V9 n- ]
27. New signs and names, @$ n* g4 Q% f
28. Symbolic sounds
7 a6 p1 m1 K/ O& n& `" c 29. Symbolic reclamations& p% j6 B$ K; ]8 h
30. Rude gestures
' N' E5 R! a; z0 s3 A" W5 h! u) }# S7 Q% F' o# n& V
Pressures on Individuals
* w0 O! o! R8 d8 W+ K# j 31. “Haunting” officials
5 s3 V4 H( T3 W( U 32. Taunting officials
, D# Z1 I+ m, i" s/ N. e' c5 { 33. Fraternization
: c5 @. U; V# }; ]% C 34. Vigils
, h( ^( P. B( U& R* H. h/ T# c' z+ Z* k; {
Drama and Music, C0 T5 e9 k. E/ v
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ M1 f$ p+ |! }6 h
36. Performances of plays and music
& ` `0 S3 r( X2 o# ]7 D 37. Singing
: }, L" ~- P! ~ B" A
* s! R4 o* ^) T) i% V1 RProcessions) L' d, L E$ H: y$ ?: o% M2 W
38. Marches" O7 D N) k0 a% `$ J# {8 o
39. Parades
1 P8 e2 _- Z7 B1 F! `1 H0 m7 L% m8 B 40. Religious processions# t2 G" O* x3 J n7 w- A
41. Pilgrimages
; {0 N! G8 E/ ]' V( a8 P 42. Motorcades
# b$ Q7 f0 O2 N9 r# w q* t0 `+ j7 H
Honoring the Dead# V1 p7 E6 r9 k5 h+ v( M* ?3 M
43. Political mourning
/ [9 Y# c$ U& z5 W& ^ 44. Mock funerals
* H* H! D& j" F/ n( J0 V 45. Demonstrative funerals7 f, R' F0 }9 H8 J
46. Homage at burial places. Y, A, S) {- K& H% d* S
/ S& R2 a _. n. b8 ~! LPublic Assemblies1 c" S- @" j9 M* F" [* ~
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 z- k1 f2 Y% m 48. Protest meetings! D& M: ^! H4 c& a! w3 j( G
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 P }& A/ k! y" w1 y; r! K& l. k( j
50. Teach-ins# c/ { T$ U& P: C: s( ^
' O: @7 d) K- v5 l' T$ a k* C, {( c
Withdrawal and Renunciation
+ Y1 D; F9 W2 w$ f 51. Walk-outs
. o5 ?1 X5 d. ?; S# ~/ ~& _ 52. Silence8 J, G+ [) e' w
53. Renouncing honors
; v1 D, i7 b/ b 54. Turning one’s back
9 O/ C0 R( Z5 d! v# n! `( k# W' n/ S
% {0 f$ Z/ A# F5 ~9 {
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, t0 F7 T; P3 W3 |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION, e, u- I, P* D4 A" h& t6 W
9 Y% `& `' |- r% q
$ A+ P+ G$ \4 s* v$ u! g8 C" R/ @. M9 D1 y/ Q1 W3 N
Ostracism of Persons- w5 A9 t' ~; H+ B7 N! \/ ~
55. Social boycott6 Y# S; Y! C) I4 X% f% l
56. Selective social boycott: g# p4 z9 b9 l2 G% [1 S/ y
57. Lysistratic nonaction, ~4 f2 Q1 N) k. M4 ^( O
58. Excommunication( k4 P" Q/ ?9 ^9 U3 _9 H/ A1 A
59. Interdict
6 F) k% h! L/ E
& x; I! m" \0 K$ k" Z o5 GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions* o3 j+ D2 ~9 O- P. P8 \
60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 a; o% c% Q: M6 s
61. Boycott of social affairs
9 w/ `9 M o# n8 c( o 62. Student strike
5 u7 g2 K1 W" Q: V. M& S* ~, g 63. Social disobedience7 o9 g3 D0 Y n" n4 }& H
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* g6 G. f4 p( }
% z$ q/ h J' n' ]! UWithdrawal from the Social System( O+ ~8 s& g% I8 Z1 |7 R- ]
65. Stay-at-home6 P9 U5 b4 O- Y2 [ L0 U& s2 H4 e% c2 ?
66. Total personal noncooperation( b ?4 m+ Y; K# b' o7 G5 n
67. “Flight” of workers
0 X9 \$ Y& C5 X6 b 68. Sanctuary0 a! z. U7 }& \$ d0 G
69. Collective disappearance
7 D% a9 v- M8 N ^! i0 c# O 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ c( l5 F" [3 D4 Q1 T8 a
5 q+ ? L2 m2 R% E/ r
5 j; \" p8 D( M, R8 {6 {+ V6 G9 V/ x ]! i- w* H
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
m( S% b3 d: V' ]. @2 C5 P9 O6 P+ `) `/ S
8 G/ y2 z0 T0 h& y
Actions by Consumers( K( y5 w2 U( G9 s
71. Consumers’ boycott
1 v9 Y2 G; s5 W: _) u! | 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 {! I/ y* [1 V0 L& t1 H5 a5 a2 o
73. Policy of austerity
- u2 o. n2 ~# R: F/ [' H1 s& N& g5 @ 74. Rent withholding4 ^$ b, z5 m1 Z# s' h( G) e( }
75. Refusal to rent
) X+ @% j9 [; ~5 ]# q9 v; |9 G 76. National consumers’ boycott: E% m% ~. u d9 N! _+ S
77. International consumers’ boycott# I( H+ v+ H- A3 d4 Q
# r. A z. `/ p( O3 e1 u; gAction by Workers and Producers! O" `1 S; o' ?9 y
78. Workmen’s boycott
: L/ x/ n! `9 K% } 79. Producers’ boycott
) b; r" |" t6 ~8 ]+ ?, E5 b" ~& ^
& `4 i! f8 f4 b! pAction by Middlemen! T0 [; f6 _; E: ]
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( G& V5 c' _7 F! x8 _3 d1 z
; W P) \. s0 \/ a/ j* jAction by Owners and Management$ a. d( G6 d( h9 s% m6 r9 G: T
81. Traders’ boycott
# z3 l# E) T) M! z, R. i; n& O& |& Z 82. Refusal to let or sell property( g3 A; Y- _" _
83. Lockout9 ?- B6 k, l( l% X3 p+ G
84. Refusal of industrial assistance6 `/ Q) i% ?) ?4 W. `0 D: I
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 @% d* V) J2 _- o/ Q$ q
6 N! o2 G, ~: k2 T5 i9 Q( YAction by Holders of Financial Resources
* Z. ^& D. G$ d W4 m. W" u 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits4 o' L" k8 O7 @8 B. m! J) I3 U( g5 s
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( U! c+ i6 r, o3 i 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( L! C: o9 L+ p! N 89. Severance of funds and credit
/ j; E4 X5 W1 Z% f" z. o* J 90. Revenue refusal
" ]8 F8 }9 p! \+ z 91. Refusal of a government’s money+ x5 Q! t' }: W. z* t3 u2 ^
& d4 }9 V8 M( G5 R, P' X! l( p: c
Action by Governments. `7 a. a6 G( |2 v% i8 n
92. Domestic embargo
, S0 e8 h2 x# X: f; P q& f 93. Blacklisting of traders9 D4 c# S) Z$ s+ X! u
94. International sellers’ embargo2 L1 m( B' ^, P9 H
95. International buyers’ embargo
& U) m% G- d# v, H9 d/ \1 m 96. International trade embargo9 F3 I+ x! ?4 c4 T+ \ B
) z8 N" \: g; }
/ h" K8 Q: Z |9 \! {! O# M8 Z
+ o; r* C6 ?# T, a8 D; r/ qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 s( X+ Q9 X L& U, }9 j
0 M; o7 i; G3 @+ g
! U+ I8 \2 t9 _. C( T1 S3 l" x
Symbolic Strikes
- S3 z V; I t' q! d) T 97. Protest strike5 N/ V& U/ e; Z0 k( l7 f \
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: [6 o3 ~5 ]9 c4 l2 m3 ?; [& p
, X* L" d, _2 j$ MAgricultural Strikes4 r9 \9 O& d0 W1 ~# H* Z& ~$ {
99. Peasant strike
' r( B0 \" J2 I6 k 100. Farm Workers’ strike' f0 M9 W3 w2 ^, W
* t+ w" ]8 @% N4 RStrikes by Special Groups& L$ o. D5 v. s" s- T7 Q' H
101. Refusal of impressed labor% i' w d {# u
102. Prisoners’ strike
7 y' E }* E6 w* D9 E- b1 b 103. Craft strike* N% d; i2 ^. }, ?* z9 A$ @6 V( h
104. Professional strike
1 Z$ l# o0 z+ `
3 U& V" ]% D& Q( ]$ k+ d" _Ordinary Industrial Strikes
+ `4 I% H/ |# N% G4 T8 w 105. Establishment strike
- ~7 k, }/ ~& A, Q: I8 |+ g 106. Industry strike
) P4 {7 k* x* M# N 107. Sympathetic strike
5 u+ [2 d7 `6 C4 }: H/ `8 p1 e5 \7 t" L; ?0 P% C( i& X
Restricted Strikes
- s- [+ ~" i1 w 108. Detailed strike5 w3 O& w$ A/ Y
109. Bumper strike/ W. U+ X1 B; [) Q6 M7 b) n+ o
110. Slowdown strike
8 o4 X2 _+ ~, }7 X9 D; v 111. Working-to-rule strike. g/ M9 d9 V" u3 @2 E
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ ] {2 B8 `5 Y' l" [# H 113. Strike by resignation6 E8 e3 x& s4 ?) B3 H' l$ V, Y
114. Limited strike
0 _/ T6 h* m2 G0 V 115. Selective strike
$ u" Z' \* Q1 e# K" M: A9 c9 {: u& e9 a* |* x% L1 K1 G0 x3 r
Multi-Industry Strikes
8 F" X5 k2 |0 v
# U! J: O0 A! q8 m- i' Z 116. Generalized strike9 K6 @, H& z) H; {+ {' R6 v0 h
@' C& |2 H1 r L
117. General strike( \3 O" l) z3 E4 v
* e6 e3 p$ |8 V2 I) GCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; f6 G6 ?! |3 y9 B8 v
3 N' r! F8 |1 S2 i/ e 118. Hartal6 h7 K p, E, J& t$ S
, q# |- h) { X. O6 e 119. Economic shutdown2 N1 z& M$ n2 V0 H: d
7 J x8 `% o& ^* B 5 {0 F5 ?0 J9 J5 {, _
% D/ l! v* H3 [' G- ]5 B* h. {, `* N8 KTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. B* k: u* m$ _# D f
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9 f L. ~( S' [0 p, JRejection of Authority" o- [8 b8 R \# I- ?
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ k" G& ^% ~2 X$ P3 v 121. Refusal of public support1 F" F% M/ p. y- A
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' J) r# c. t7 o9 n5 N' Q/ h2 t7 }6 P9 D; e6 @, D9 i8 x3 T
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government( }0 g+ g: \* L) A4 {& G
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
b% |# ~5 L7 y5 M s* Z" N 124. Boycott of elections: H( P% R) T% n" A( J
125. Boycott of government employment and positions7 O) j$ G' i. L o+ Z1 ]
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. Z/ }' I9 p, G' q6 |! P1 | 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
c5 c) Q, o9 m1 T( g! \8 c8 w 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations! ?( j4 L# K' Y. r
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ f% F0 X5 l9 M: y+ P4 ]7 E+ a
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
q4 h2 V/ r) c- C 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 d! w8 C/ r) H; u5 m) {" ^ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- U/ T8 M7 q q9 B* x# P
: K$ G* T; h3 L5 {' p8 LCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 h' l4 [( U! Y: |4 [ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ Q1 x3 o( m/ S1 a2 x% P* B; Z2 n 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) P2 B8 L! P# a3 g 135. Popular nonobedience
8 B& F) D) }6 v) R* w7 x( g4 _; c 136. Disguised disobedience
% Q3 \% l O1 |8 b+ @8 U2 p, k, x 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse" L% p/ k6 r6 n" U8 f
138. Sitdown4 Z: I& W$ q2 z: a- e |4 x
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 K2 L/ V1 [# O: h
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ b( P. ?5 B) y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 A k& w5 s3 G& C3 \) T4 ^' Y
% h7 B" S( x" }) p) z- ~; zAction by Government Personnel
' ^) G. Y7 @# N9 b* r! {7 d$ G4 i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
6 h3 d5 \$ e1 } Y" w 143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 k6 c* {( i+ e/ P5 \3 k
144. Stalling and obstruction
4 Y$ x* U+ u# [* O4 X/ ?9 Q 145. General administrative noncooperation
5 S6 m# X- P( A; e, c3 ^9 G- {
4 V8 W* P4 u1 F6 Y5 j' P 146. Judicial noncooperation0 Q( p- J; I7 E% P' c4 ?" l4 _
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 y/ q- J7 S/ H7 g3 a6 ^/ O6 h
148. Mutiny7 S. D) H, O3 n+ d- I
Domestic Governmental Action
8 h. \/ j+ V2 B; P" D( o 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 Y) I/ D' Q) m1 X+ F4 B 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. v, P( k M( ~6 p% |( w. N- o Z- x' e- P0 z1 N9 a2 W& J
International Governmental Action3 `$ t( @/ x2 ]" o
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) H$ Z5 f9 ^" W) F( o4 d8 O
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 T: p5 t2 F, C2 q; g$ j6 E 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
( A( ]- J2 \/ n5 ]' W 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
$ S; S5 C9 }7 n 155. Withdrawal from international organizations, M5 K% u+ |8 k/ e, R" Y) [3 j
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ }& V3 b) U; G3 v/ P0 D
157. Expulsion from international organizations( g1 Z& o8 B5 g2 E
" h7 M9 l" T8 E0 N( ?
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# |* b" W# F3 w6 \
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" G" X" q- k, `& G6 d- BPsychological Intervention
5 ^0 D: A3 A8 k# v( b& w5 J 158. Self-exposure to the elements% s- k: _: v9 J* x4 F
159. The fast) [9 \$ @' c) m: W
a) Fast of moral pressure7 D8 W/ I" x" u" S! ?
b) Hunger strike
- A! R- ^. O9 q& f7 e' a- B c) Satyagrahic fast7 Z' O5 Z, c9 `) Z4 v
160. Reverse trial* S; X0 o# O3 U1 Z% Z
161. Nonviolent harassment5 h4 w {" W! Z0 N
5 M6 M/ G$ T. ^: w- t; p tPhysical Intervention% H, ~- Z; N& F8 j; m- B
162. Sit-in8 }. `* Z. W$ S+ u8 R, j, h
163. Stand-in
7 G2 {: [7 s7 M. {/ ~! F9 m& e 164. Ride-in
+ n3 x/ U1 ~/ \# ~4 y4 j 165. Wade-in2 P4 A& v3 N/ f
166. Mill-in
7 T9 n' u" G( O/ q9 t9 T 167. Pray-in
9 I/ g% M5 h# V: K, Y* x0 |8 `& k 168. Nonviolent raids
" s: Q0 `0 n% V: z; v, o* |% R% V3 f 169. Nonviolent air raids
5 c6 `1 P7 N0 z$ U8 X1 C' ?9 F 170. Nonviolent invasion5 }9 Q& H! \. W2 x: d1 K- y; z
171. Nonviolent interjection4 b( d3 W( n# i. a1 F1 Q' A
172. Nonviolent obstruction
8 P. B' M3 m0 q, I" h! f8 n 173. Nonviolent occupation' B/ c; J1 T' S* k$ H
?; r- f F! p9 W3 c/ d( `: vSocial Intervention+ I0 o/ `* Y+ d& j8 H
174. Establishing new social patterns0 q4 j- }2 y2 ]5 x8 d
175. Overloading of facilities
3 K x+ O( F; c7 \( q 176. Stall-in% \6 X* E# p7 e4 m9 _
177. Speak-in
9 K( y+ i' h. l& a' l3 C 178. Guerrilla theater1 L# O. Q# G: b
179. Alternative social institutions& r; u$ ]- a/ }3 t, l
180. Alternative communication system
7 D5 D3 D% r3 o p+ y% F* ]0 U4 h) E; y: k4 r& _& J
Economic Intervention
! g: y6 a4 Z' Z% r6 m 181. Reverse strike1 f, i' O6 \3 q! |
182. Stay-in strike
# F/ K8 C3 b6 a2 a+ A. S 183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 J/ a% C* Y4 p N$ [; @2 P 184. Defiance of blockades3 S+ k1 M, C# p- b9 X/ F8 j
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting9 ~ l6 c0 z% J6 p
186. Preclusive purchasing* Z; C& Z; J7 r# ^; |$ x1 d) k
187. Seizure of assets& A2 `( K' k6 P6 E M
188. Dumping
2 }4 w0 o/ G B$ [$ Q+ Y 189. Selective patronage
2 c0 \3 z) J3 i3 C$ K 190. Alternative markets) X. Y9 C6 f: ^0 I! v
191. Alternative transportation systems7 z9 V" b! k* T: }0 F
192. Alternative economic institutions/ p) T% |1 l0 s1 ^
8 B: Q) T' C q. h, LPolitical Intervention3 M8 [- ?, ]( o0 S
193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 E# I" k( _8 F/ T2 ]( @ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ o6 R% l# l; v
195. Seeking imprisonment
$ G# V) J: f/ `5 b9 P$ r 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' x- w8 k' v6 w) s( { t# T
197. Work-on without collaboration
* u, Z7 u4 F5 P; ^9 J+ ]9 r- F 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
