 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
7 R5 V" K4 ]" p/ n [Formal Statements
4 ]5 {: E7 R% ^ 1. Public Speeches2 ? v% f9 o: T8 g9 y- K
2. Letters of opposition or support
9 h/ V Z+ s% [0 i( _! L- S 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
0 q5 y* Z+ X2 A 4. Signed public statements' e# K* W& A# m( T7 ^7 e1 _7 d
5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 B- V- ?) M1 {2 z0 N, Q7 G8 O" Y
6. Group or mass petitions
$ I# W' |1 [2 T/ c# q, }. X- \* K$ M7 u) Y# E
Communications with a Wider Audience7 C5 s; e7 ?9 |/ b' N6 q
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; m5 k+ d Q0 i/ W
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" h5 @. \1 c. B4 u7 q5 T4 c
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 M* R4 K9 _3 q9 n I0 E
10. Newspapers and journals0 o0 H7 e+ j9 |
11. Records, radio, and television
" h% R4 ~- n; w, Y/ Y 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! O$ w+ B& H4 D) t
2 U# J( a' ], t% S8 y% pGroup Representations0 C( e& p: I" O4 o
13. Deputations
7 O/ u3 b6 v* v5 ?; {, w. _ 14. Mock awards
# Y& y! Z+ t0 I( t5 r, x! p; I( [ 15. Group lobbying8 c$ F/ a, O4 }2 }5 v5 n
16. Picketing
6 R% w0 }8 z' V5 l 17. Mock elections
5 f. q& j% z. f7 m7 o( b; @$ @" I u1 _4 h E( g) F0 @
Symbolic Public Acts# g& D! {9 G1 e. V$ ]% ?
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ g& p3 H" g$ M" z2 {" K
19. Wearing of symbols
) i- F8 }8 d4 q5 _4 g8 r 20. Prayer and worship( _" V* d% U8 N* K. v: s% C
21. Delivering symbolic objects: J' b5 M7 G- T
22. Protest disrobings1 Z `0 e1 e8 l$ b1 {
23. Destruction of own property( ^- D8 _" P3 W& P- R
24. Symbolic lights
: n' _! K: u" `) R! Y 25. Displays of portraits% g% m6 d p0 p. o; T4 Q- O1 J
26. Paint as protest' N/ q9 S( w b8 B" d Q
27. New signs and names
1 z: a5 f# k9 A& u1 n1 w8 T. P 28. Symbolic sounds! U0 ]& d @7 p
29. Symbolic reclamations) g7 _* a: [1 P. ^) P0 @
30. Rude gestures; R* ^2 Q; ?7 U |
, X; p' w" l" p) J- E3 e" x
Pressures on Individuals
8 Y3 ~' M$ L/ b' H% c9 l+ P 31. “Haunting” officials" T) n- f% ~/ w. W* k) ]
32. Taunting officials9 i7 L' T4 H6 ~, N7 v
33. Fraternization
( Q+ z& ]. t/ u$ S' @ 34. Vigils! T& j& K* p" M) g4 m$ _( d
. S' x3 G% `9 q5 I2 K) PDrama and Music
: t9 S1 v" a) J9 Z 35. Humorous skits and pranks
% \# d) s; p0 u9 o0 m 36. Performances of plays and music
1 Q; V+ e' e' E# e1 V 37. Singing0 j' Z) p- s0 }# Q3 ` `
( L6 N! ?$ d' S" i8 j* OProcessions6 v7 }: }5 P2 b6 _! m/ G
38. Marches2 p: B y, a g# E7 g
39. Parades5 Q% U* n. f q5 M5 F& r- I
40. Religious processions R4 S1 ]+ I8 H% W
41. Pilgrimages: J+ c! Z$ L8 x
42. Motorcades* U- ?( ]' @# i; H( B
! x2 g; M, O L; g: `, Z0 D% F; DHonoring the Dead" w6 O' D) j( z- L+ T
43. Political mourning* Z* Y( X# I! n2 d/ h1 F7 U
44. Mock funerals% D6 N1 O' O( b4 Q# M
45. Demonstrative funerals
% @+ ]% q0 b; [% c 46. Homage at burial places2 _. u% O! j6 u; s# \5 E! a6 T
) L- a0 L' N. A! nPublic Assemblies% u- n3 N, Q; X
47. Assemblies of protest or support
: p' A7 Z2 C( `; d3 `5 i 48. Protest meetings7 R g$ t$ a; m! e J
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 L4 D+ H4 ~4 u' u
50. Teach-ins" k5 }/ v ?7 q- ]! R* B. t
( i" r' S/ C% tWithdrawal and Renunciation
, A/ r/ D' k' T( \) N6 ` 51. Walk-outs7 L( W6 S; A1 \+ N. _- h# _) r
52. Silence
8 k% f! f9 y; k( o 53. Renouncing honors
, |: p5 F0 w) W" u+ ] 54. Turning one’s back
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. f F0 B6 ?! J X S }
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* ]3 E8 x; |3 O% V7 a2 [; }
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* t$ F- A3 F. C, v9 P f* s8 e
Ostracism of Persons
5 X) }! W/ X, n& N 55. Social boycott r6 H! Z' D2 U) O
56. Selective social boycott9 V( O* S% q* o; c3 S, C
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 w i- X, f7 }" b: J 58. Excommunication1 N9 i5 O2 E: M- ^! q$ N( j4 z
59. Interdict; v5 ~* D0 R3 I) J' Z
) L4 p g1 h# o/ ?' r
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( n( Z- b/ z+ c' b, U. ~: _ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ Z \* m% O. \ 61. Boycott of social affairs. k; s# z) g' W3 j P8 a3 t6 E5 s6 s; j
62. Student strike0 E# f: n7 N' r5 R
63. Social disobedience
) V' g- w# F' ]: P; M9 d- F4 y 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! f% N1 } t* V+ X4 K# E: O. [! b
4 Y0 d% j/ P1 i8 Y3 p$ Z( lWithdrawal from the Social System& s c, y4 @1 l! g
65. Stay-at-home
7 m% ~' y+ }: o0 w% z: k! U( n1 D: d 66. Total personal noncooperation
0 X3 Z( Y) ^/ e# _: n 67. “Flight” of workers( v' g$ |* j+ O; g! c4 {$ E
68. Sanctuary
# q! W3 l, n8 o- Y 69. Collective disappearance1 n- @. X8 s7 p2 r0 D
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 Q$ h2 K4 `: J% F: ]! i6 b
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! S I4 D# f, K$ ^
1 |0 n" x x/ R 5 s/ f' B) y6 T' O8 r+ @1 u
Actions by Consumers! T3 h# B4 [: g; u8 H5 L0 \
71. Consumers’ boycott* j. Y6 L: w6 ?( i) Y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 D" h% \, }5 X- D* {( e" K
73. Policy of austerity
2 U5 d0 ]8 Q! Y 74. Rent withholding
% F3 {$ u7 i8 A 75. Refusal to rent+ K3 A4 P% I: \- ~. r: S: Z& C3 d
76. National consumers’ boycott; d! N4 j5 r2 k1 m$ ?# ~
77. International consumers’ boycott
A' G6 ?" n: d/ k5 h5 ]
, S5 W2 l1 f- @6 W2 S+ zAction by Workers and Producers1 R0 s& E6 n% R
78. Workmen’s boycott
8 u R" _; d# }6 u0 r1 Z8 l 79. Producers’ boycott3 L& r+ l7 s6 R% c
9 l9 C; I7 C& A6 o; K" QAction by Middlemen Q3 B+ I0 Q, S+ R, l% {, P
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# R1 E& [* u' I+ t I B( r+ N) T: z+ I- u5 @: F, V
Action by Owners and Management
& K# G, q0 d! f; A" G 81. Traders’ boycott. [8 L2 x+ K4 G2 G2 \& [; G
82. Refusal to let or sell property3 r9 I2 N- \. p( S2 p
83. Lockout* u/ R; P9 G3 f7 v
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 u0 H: E& g, r( p+ i' r 85. Merchants’ “general strike”! T1 l* t' \/ y# P& \, f1 c+ U+ h7 f
' [4 W& `% m0 m, T+ NAction by Holders of Financial Resources
& P# K Z; u! b7 d4 `" b- s& a$ S 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 x: a6 b& q" N/ y4 b4 Q& B 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 R, [7 l! I) b% a( m
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest J5 V' s! i+ b: ^7 g, A$ Q p: h7 e
89. Severance of funds and credit
- T5 Y! k2 q0 V( D! e- e 90. Revenue refusal9 d2 p4 U+ x! @9 p9 X2 C) d
91. Refusal of a government’s money
5 L8 Y6 a6 B- ?
: R( c/ A1 a7 X$ y- NAction by Governments
& U% Y1 n$ R; X8 Q: q' F 92. Domestic embargo) [2 ] @( g+ q$ H" X
93. Blacklisting of traders3 U1 }9 \0 _# G3 ]1 E
94. International sellers’ embargo7 h8 Y1 j8 z' F! D: Z/ r5 q7 ^
95. International buyers’ embargo
% W7 ]6 m* X6 ^* ~: N 96. International trade embargo: t3 r; w* x+ f9 V% N# O
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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) h g% o H6 p5 `, N
Symbolic Strikes
8 ]- g" V% v8 D- H7 _ 97. Protest strike
* }/ \6 g) ?4 [4 k 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
! f7 ^8 ?& b9 Y3 v1 Y$ ]
6 @; [- v' W1 q% cAgricultural Strikes ]- j3 x. ?9 u' ]1 q
99. Peasant strike3 y- D( Z8 {7 }5 a0 |6 L3 m. W
100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 M$ {( d; B) W( x# Z2 t
( X" B6 y' ^+ Y- y7 h) FStrikes by Special Groups6 Z. {- C% R) ]" I% T2 u
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 C* R0 o- {. b+ }* `2 J 102. Prisoners’ strike5 d" l9 o3 `2 Q! L, N8 W, S
103. Craft strike
d/ B k$ u: z) V 104. Professional strike
$ ^. J$ t0 c0 z* E3 @3 B( k. D* w3 q: S1 }; I$ A
Ordinary Industrial Strikes3 ~( F6 Q. e0 n6 m, [! }
105. Establishment strike* O! o/ V: C% Q
106. Industry strike3 {' f: Q) A: a9 t) A
107. Sympathetic strike
" y8 }5 `. L$ J/ t+ f7 R, ^2 F; t& Y' k; Z6 R
Restricted Strikes5 B C. ~3 k. Z; u/ q+ n
108. Detailed strike2 }, N5 H$ Q6 d7 g
109. Bumper strike. Q2 L2 W% ?7 J0 S! a
110. Slowdown strike+ ~% D+ V' N) D+ C( y0 L2 D
111. Working-to-rule strike2 {3 w6 _5 K ~- @
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" }* O' a: _2 N' x$ a7 h0 |2 ` 113. Strike by resignation% x5 v0 o5 d7 a2 `
114. Limited strike% r# H4 q7 i, ~, y" `
115. Selective strike
6 C- P }+ ~4 D
# Z% E* G0 o; ZMulti-Industry Strikes
0 _# Z }$ @3 Y! K2 m( I# w1 ?
! W% T: ]3 f6 l# V: U3 ^ 116. Generalized strike- _, E1 O# j5 m) s7 Q7 n+ ^0 b2 l8 v
- l9 }5 o' s: [' B
117. General strike( m d( a7 D H' J
- J+ j, u |0 o, o w. vCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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8 B! C. o9 m; s* }5 S \- T, } 118. Hartal
V5 ~# o# L; Z l' }
: s$ ]+ r [2 J9 l( u; ?4 w 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, B$ c- |! q! N0 R; }0 s4 ^6 c
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Rejection of Authority' w9 c6 n% V! K7 j, R- o5 c7 z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 [7 T. b$ C6 N4 P8 _! i5 q4 \
121. Refusal of public support
. j/ r+ h4 Y6 t6 ` 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) l' G# w }/ T% P# e
% \# y+ h0 ~( e2 B, s8 n" E( sCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ H+ `; x- r% K: q0 M0 O' o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies) G _) j% q% d* `
124. Boycott of elections
$ B, S2 o# d% @4 l. V7 ^8 K, ? 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. Q# J$ i- e6 x" ^* f! [ b 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. G$ e7 @' P3 R/ q: u
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) K( t2 b" g& o) {) P
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& s* z8 ?7 m) I" I4 F
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. ~/ K, v% N( Q
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" E4 G! z/ T( p; b2 d9 Q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 p$ N$ m8 p: y1 G, n$ X7 N
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% D% [7 ~: ^; R' n
/ x; ]- G. R# S+ y: n4 \Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience. x4 x0 N1 g3 E- z- n% N
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' {$ B* K% p2 u* F1 P/ g! s6 C8 |- d 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
, a) ?: i, N& B6 M2 e2 T+ k 135. Popular nonobedience
; d+ a0 } N; f6 ?5 b7 J 136. Disguised disobedience, f. e+ j2 w( m) o# \
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 d5 a# q% E% N8 P
138. Sitdown
+ K( q& {! c g$ T/ d5 [: \* G 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ H9 S* B' p) ~. g7 l4 L, a
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 x5 V, x$ U4 {; x6 j2 [5 @ a
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, D' O1 {; i" ?% {7 n* I! W+ r F: b' }" q; f3 `% A
Action by Government Personnel% B& P3 n% c o4 t# s9 l
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ w4 ^: b F; F0 C. t
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 _; c( m6 U$ s' H 144. Stalling and obstruction+ Z9 {. k" W( q7 M1 i9 C E, `. J
145. General administrative noncooperation
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& F* f/ u- V( A( G 146. Judicial noncooperation
: Y6 l* `, N6 O0 p 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" K4 |$ j$ t9 v; t
148. Mutiny5 Q$ O- Y, q# M O1 c4 g7 V
Domestic Governmental Action
2 W# B! N$ i7 ?1 i0 L 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays3 |4 Y0 b5 @* a
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 o% n# {& N' K
1 B& w$ a5 w7 b& i6 d/ v) eInternational Governmental Action) p* X" D! ~7 Q
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations9 w4 Z) E0 N1 h! _0 A4 @6 n8 b
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events G2 {* R) A+ p) @' t. H6 Z9 Y
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ m# a B; e$ C, J- G/ P9 }5 @ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. Y2 `" q1 Z( g3 n0 o 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. [$ ]7 I J$ {% [: T, |9 i; D 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 E$ S7 m$ P2 g0 \2 j
157. Expulsion from international organizations0 {& f z2 _# E* ?+ u
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ W L9 i p- b6 h" X9 b- U& x
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1 J0 ^4 v" c. ^: m, j$ J& e) QPsychological Intervention
( O. O9 H. E ? 158. Self-exposure to the elements" x) l; e6 u d8 Y
159. The fast
5 s, ~, ~% | { a) Fast of moral pressure3 t* u1 B" }9 d! S- s- X
b) Hunger strike6 v- D+ i: y5 e3 L8 l5 k
c) Satyagrahic fast
, g! b# n. a$ H' k# c 160. Reverse trial- n- s- Y# h a" J
161. Nonviolent harassment+ j6 Z0 w( }& g* O6 d6 i$ M- T& G
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Physical Intervention
! w, p3 N9 p2 C& E1 B! J 162. Sit-in
+ ^2 E% B! H6 W2 Z+ k 163. Stand-in
. j) K/ L1 j/ Y5 Z" O 164. Ride-in
8 G) x: p% Z0 P 165. Wade-in' u3 k/ i! W: X
166. Mill-in
4 p$ L% ^. |- P2 w4 ?; \4 H 167. Pray-in f; }1 P* O! o# H4 n/ m0 [$ M
168. Nonviolent raids* [( Y- a2 A7 }/ O0 E! L# n
169. Nonviolent air raids* f# ~3 h0 |3 g* i
170. Nonviolent invasion
6 N |3 k: k7 T" J 171. Nonviolent interjection4 v" |$ @& Q( p6 ?$ g
172. Nonviolent obstruction
# Q& e0 x; x" T' _ d" l 173. Nonviolent occupation
9 }/ ^5 ~! X* a: N2 O2 m
5 @, y! Q( l% \7 t# U: K7 ASocial Intervention. d( H) |7 v q2 i6 f
174. Establishing new social patterns
+ a- X4 v& R9 Y' Z1 y0 _ 175. Overloading of facilities
; R- l6 j4 _; p, ]; f8 a) E9 {9 f" W 176. Stall-in
3 n$ s% z& D1 B& H0 O; Z( w 177. Speak-in
d) w2 s$ I4 ?! d4 U) {! | 178. Guerrilla theater6 Y. j/ ~5 S9 }( y$ x
179. Alternative social institutions. T8 e, T, H9 o8 z. q b
180. Alternative communication system
- T5 ]) x V2 e. \
4 @' R2 k% o+ J8 ^! o8 UEconomic Intervention
5 _1 Z! \0 N4 ^. G' k 181. Reverse strike
$ ^: t2 H9 S2 a% q9 @! k 182. Stay-in strike
" ]! |, Y% b9 X1 o, J# F( W/ [- ^ 183. Nonviolent land seizure" T# y, N& B& y( ?+ j6 Y
184. Defiance of blockades
+ \5 t0 G5 I0 k, [0 o 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ | u4 s/ g. Q1 E' M
186. Preclusive purchasing
0 w! n/ ]8 j9 j% F+ z 187. Seizure of assets
W- B$ S' D- I9 ]2 G5 _7 |, a 188. Dumping+ C' I/ w" B/ U/ b
189. Selective patronage" Y% D& T+ w; d; j' B/ I9 h( C: n( h
190. Alternative markets' w0 Y c; c3 o8 n6 i" A
191. Alternative transportation systems- m* u8 q/ X2 T! o
192. Alternative economic institutions
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% t4 l- i y9 GPolitical Intervention
C4 Z% [) j7 B8 Q' K 193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 B" X0 Q9 B; v; O$ l 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 v3 t/ Y; o, w& V* f% R 195. Seeking imprisonment' O! d9 d2 \" a4 j! X
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 h$ Y8 v* T" Q& E( W% C 197. Work-on without collaboration+ ^2 F* t. c+ p( i6 }0 w! ^
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 u8 {; E/ n) ^$ p
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
