 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 J9 y8 R* Q W3 L/ x
Formal Statements+ y1 m" _: M% H z. S
1. Public Speeches T1 G# N1 g! l9 s5 u
2. Letters of opposition or support8 ~7 Q4 ^6 H6 c; C
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 o# E3 b+ o/ `+ v$ C- n 4. Signed public statements
: r3 k" \* }/ }% d# v% u 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 v+ m; Z4 P! A4 [ 6. Group or mass petitions
0 z. h0 }# h2 ~ i" U; m
8 d( I n* ]9 G6 J4 O: ~" k- dCommunications with a Wider Audience
' i% P" p( x5 O' r! y% X- a. v 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols/ Z5 ^. X7 W' e! ^. V2 s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" h4 d) A1 c# p7 K" u) h 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
4 F2 `9 [4 N! n" ~1 ]' X; h 10. Newspapers and journals
3 ]" f5 A% ]' h$ _. v 11. Records, radio, and television) g1 `( q$ @( M, @
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. L! T4 r* {) R9 \/ X2 H
& a1 V% y7 G6 }" d6 U( t" ~' I2 xGroup Representations F2 X6 Z2 _$ w2 h; A( y+ ?
13. Deputations, E" W' D- b# a* h& l" m3 B. C
14. Mock awards
+ t) k! ^3 p8 N$ q. f 15. Group lobbying* l: H! ~/ w' k! r# R, A x
16. Picketing
% N) m& ]% w1 B- X8 G6 n* r( ` 17. Mock elections
r6 A! x% I$ _* E
0 |. T* I; n4 M Q$ b; MSymbolic Public Acts6 `* ~/ i# } v. c/ ^+ d
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ o; ?8 J4 Q5 E4 |0 y/ G7 U 19. Wearing of symbols
k. d; T- ?9 [& c 20. Prayer and worship3 A9 v8 C; N s& Y! N# `
21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 p$ u p% O2 t 22. Protest disrobings
4 O4 s4 U, G0 p! Y! O0 V 23. Destruction of own property
2 h5 K% b0 N8 V* v 24. Symbolic lights( w3 o: T: A+ \, z4 s
25. Displays of portraits
9 Q5 ]: ^( a% T- Z2 t! @ 26. Paint as protest
# B/ ~4 S. |) j2 K5 P% n 27. New signs and names' w) L) \( P) G) l# L" ?: y
28. Symbolic sounds
% p. L. S6 b' @4 S4 n 29. Symbolic reclamations
3 @: i p% E% w& y5 J- T 30. Rude gestures5 E+ l- v3 Z: ?% o5 f" O0 T# u1 {
1 U# U' X8 z2 pPressures on Individuals' |& p! j0 g; c0 a3 {$ R0 k3 L
31. “Haunting” officials: E+ D, d$ _$ o' t- n$ Z) x5 a
32. Taunting officials
0 z" Q9 s0 J5 r( } 33. Fraternization
' {3 o9 _% B" U4 J8 S6 p( I 34. Vigils
. Q; F, c9 n/ V- d
2 b: Y: J8 Y0 A" d! ]# \Drama and Music
$ c2 ] Y) T, H$ P- U6 q( y1 C% P 35. Humorous skits and pranks. X2 e! J. |& q* C3 j
36. Performances of plays and music
8 }4 o4 f$ n7 f8 o% _- @; |# T# u/ ?6 o 37. Singing. B$ R9 o$ M0 w9 R: C
8 u7 p5 u3 t; s: K% i
Processions; A8 A4 z& O5 b
38. Marches) M- E; Y2 o3 A8 J( D
39. Parades
7 s5 e, P. |6 x! t, C5 J+ K& J7 F( K; A 40. Religious processions' _5 x1 x+ v, ~
41. Pilgrimages$ i" V- t5 ~% C$ D0 q
42. Motorcades6 c* @1 o: I" p: M4 W3 Y- L* @
+ p5 J) q% P( i# `9 \ W
Honoring the Dead" G$ b% ]$ ^2 P8 D% k
43. Political mourning
# K3 u3 X* T1 P7 W 44. Mock funerals/ b2 H# `/ A' \# c0 g
45. Demonstrative funerals
6 r/ U# O! t' m; t& e& i 46. Homage at burial places
* P' f2 w- D9 B+ a3 u9 I- d4 t% r9 T# @5 Q0 S8 u
Public Assemblies
: y1 A3 V- @4 C# S4 A9 F5 l" b$ x" i 47. Assemblies of protest or support
: t8 @9 r7 b/ m8 L4 V: C$ F% I 48. Protest meetings7 G! C ?, e. R# _! ?; S
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 k/ ]" _! w0 V$ |; g+ A
50. Teach-ins
7 R% k1 M- {+ ?; g9 a& H- a7 T: m% f; Q8 ?* ^6 ]2 A2 u
Withdrawal and Renunciation$ y$ P2 A0 O1 w
51. Walk-outs" [, F; ^+ s% l% L. H" U0 q
52. Silence. k5 `$ h: a' s
53. Renouncing honors
) c% w/ N1 C1 C& Y8 H 54. Turning one’s back. J' N! d& B! a6 r6 b4 f
- v& \# k1 w! M a/ L* v$ G
% B* Z" W' `5 r/ a5 @/ ?; N- P+ q3 E9 N% m# l& G( E
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ d- O4 {* X" }9 a$ C& N4 S7 P7 H, K
c, e: [1 `- E3 b( W! M; I
7 k( k; j$ y2 ^$ \
# f3 s% w, D; j: J1 z' BOstracism of Persons% d5 P1 A8 \3 }* y. j# o8 Z
55. Social boycott" R+ _ t# w3 R! _; V4 b+ [
56. Selective social boycott; ~' c& A3 ~2 ^: ], r% Z9 v8 [
57. Lysistratic nonaction1 W4 t5 d, d8 U
58. Excommunication
7 Z% B2 L0 V( t" O: m1 d 59. Interdict9 t+ K$ h. p" O( \, l
( S. Q- r. T2 c8 j; K' G j8 T1 y4 O% F
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& t' L* y: k: @. F* @
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 D0 `0 ]6 ^* `/ f 61. Boycott of social affairs: a& m2 [4 u4 B, U9 Q
62. Student strike
8 B8 o( l- K& m- g- k3 f 63. Social disobedience
9 k# O; l/ X7 z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions& e+ Z" @$ ~7 G6 ?7 [- ^
, E3 v. i+ U6 M t& h) ?
Withdrawal from the Social System
' G! C% D" V, K' W Y2 ~; i 65. Stay-at-home
4 z2 O7 O9 r/ j1 \" w0 T' e8 l 66. Total personal noncooperation: J6 l7 O: M" s) |9 N* ? ]% Z
67. “Flight” of workers2 _2 t) h7 a( R
68. Sanctuary A& H+ [: q8 ^: ~( M& x
69. Collective disappearance- m% {( V1 d: M; o; A) i9 g' ^
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 w1 q5 @! m" E) _5 b$ e
# G5 N, s$ _% B, D& V; T
7 L! p# q; b3 s6 H4 o' G4 w) E: @+ Y% s: M
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' Z' }6 y9 z' O7 h! m% T6 P
' [& s$ T6 ]$ F, q
( p, ]4 b( `+ @' a. _
Actions by Consumers
9 l; u0 H: x* u0 m 71. Consumers’ boycott( K9 k% |7 d: M5 K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ w- O8 s8 i- Q8 I: R) D
73. Policy of austerity
( P- B6 S( n' M 74. Rent withholding7 q: G( k: V) T; f
75. Refusal to rent
/ q: h3 |# e- Y4 \! u+ c 76. National consumers’ boycott
4 v( [5 a+ ~7 ]3 j# m 77. International consumers’ boycott- T6 N) a" _7 a
% M6 ]. v& I2 d
Action by Workers and Producers; q3 [0 }$ I7 L+ d% k" s! o
78. Workmen’s boycott' v7 M* [( p) B( b
79. Producers’ boycott
) X: B) ~, p# H) @- b/ [7 |/ z9 c2 d+ A8 H0 x' }
Action by Middlemen7 F1 y' P0 c# _+ t. S. U& `+ t& C
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
- d; N) _' P! F: a, W; D
. S$ q0 i* s/ c3 d" Y/ ?% wAction by Owners and Management
0 x3 m& B' O& \2 p6 ^5 ` 81. Traders’ boycott
% _* ]4 C5 E$ H 82. Refusal to let or sell property
( }/ w7 e1 `) J) ^, f# j+ V 83. Lockout# ]. L/ y) w9 }& `
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! b8 j. y1 f( g8 m n# }
85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 C$ ~; n$ B- s% r
( R0 \2 s' j |; _0 c5 X8 [4 Y
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 ~9 G$ V6 @; f, W! a/ n: y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 x/ k3 M( H8 `( `3 t+ p 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 ~ b/ L H% o, E 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
5 S9 J; s6 z. a8 I" d# u1 A+ O 89. Severance of funds and credit+ ~0 f3 q, l* H% z
90. Revenue refusal
: Z. E9 }! Z N# r! K( n" {* K 91. Refusal of a government’s money
# Q/ m- Y( s- L" t q$ ?6 V+ @% {8 h4 q: U s
Action by Governments6 W3 R! Z2 K/ }% g3 q% Q A
92. Domestic embargo
( a, d8 P/ L& j 93. Blacklisting of traders$ l, S) A) [# \ ~3 P
94. International sellers’ embargo' n7 d9 M* X' c$ z# J" i3 t
95. International buyers’ embargo2 z8 `; ~- k# M& y9 ~1 ~
96. International trade embargo1 r. `0 r% V4 f- ]# z% L' k
3 Q6 L( ?: P ?6 G b" ~1 r- G5 L8 f
; y9 u+ P0 @( V3 G% F; `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
% {7 S4 |4 m! j
0 J! }9 N" h4 T. ]1 @- H y- w8 t3 q. I6 K4 b
Symbolic Strikes( m( _& _8 Q- K/ F
97. Protest strike
1 J) J! ?( A/ L# [ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
* P! d. ^5 P8 N# s$ p3 F( x3 @" T, G+ Y% @
Agricultural Strikes
" d4 B- _9 j4 t, e, M$ h5 F 99. Peasant strike
6 ?; ] Y8 J" Y; J 100. Farm Workers’ strike
/ c& q( O: C: Q! G
' K& X1 a: {3 |6 W) gStrikes by Special Groups
4 O1 s+ ^& L$ o+ X3 p. B 101. Refusal of impressed labor
, }; J2 _* _! x. x" A 102. Prisoners’ strike Y0 C- n+ D% j# j+ i
103. Craft strike, v. T* Q/ P# G9 M! `5 l3 X9 g
104. Professional strike
1 D3 T3 V3 Y7 N8 A% n- T5 E- d
. d+ q S" Z' z2 d2 _& |Ordinary Industrial Strikes
6 n) _' B, K: P9 U5 A, z4 Q 105. Establishment strike$ A% N1 q% L o# j* Q) |
106. Industry strike
3 [! c O7 W8 i" S& R0 _9 {7 v 107. Sympathetic strike3 e/ ]8 Q. S( k; h) o& u
; r Q, ~) J3 `% Z9 K, u
Restricted Strikes' @& W8 m" X3 j, Y; b5 F
108. Detailed strike$ T: f/ S I9 I" _2 L
109. Bumper strike
0 ^/ U/ \+ N, E: ]+ a, s 110. Slowdown strike0 c+ h5 o, ]2 t) ~
111. Working-to-rule strike: a* o2 r! T0 V' ]# N |" O
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ m) J( H! Q& C7 v& C; x }' w1 g 113. Strike by resignation
: J5 A$ W; a7 M; o, A 114. Limited strike, Y3 q4 w# l) X' m0 e) f
115. Selective strike0 Y' K: K) h' p1 |) o' d' a
! o6 f6 A ^( ^6 J; a5 ~0 GMulti-Industry Strikes8 ^5 J0 c& f2 D' c& q0 O
# K7 B3 w8 M3 C; |/ i2 k
116. Generalized strike
& @( V* E. u! J2 Z% _8 N
% P: d b5 Z2 Q) a& n6 g& }& z 117. General strike
! L( N$ r2 |4 o. ~6 _9 i$ j3 O4 C M4 X
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
: \8 n) e( H" p& F
: E9 [) V4 e( ] 118. Hartal4 ?' ?' j* k7 @5 x9 }! Y' Q
% {3 K/ K1 W# ^9 e7 c( D: ?2 p 119. Economic shutdown
( Z7 [8 O. E' z& v$ |
8 A& n* z4 v/ j1 o/ H
' C; b# W V1 E! q+ T+ P3 D) y# O. m5 t. S
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
1 T6 f0 |. c& u6 I# p$ ~0 I+ f& V% c# I& g9 N' u+ b* T
5 ^( y& R8 t) L) A3 r3 q
Rejection of Authority5 S5 V, ]: v. y- l b# F
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( r5 P4 D) K0 u
121. Refusal of public support
1 r! z/ d/ [ O6 ?- q' X* i& d. _ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ L( _' Z0 H3 l0 q1 h/ a
; G. \" }" H; W4 ]$ M' B. N( d& @Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 T. f" y6 M) i1 f- _
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; x$ |& _6 Z. |$ u 124. Boycott of elections
" o) d6 a0 e* ~2 Q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
: d9 X6 p" L/ }9 V: p9 [$ J 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 ^& f4 Q" K( U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 ^1 p3 z7 t6 O7 f; Z
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 {2 r2 `6 C/ ~$ {$ n3 P: z
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( T+ e+ Q$ W+ e. O' c ^* a& `2 t 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks0 e$ i) V+ v2 E, i9 Q
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ z U% l3 f, R& B 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
, K9 F a2 i* C$ m7 f. D
- d2 \# A; j. X& C0 I( fCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" t& D& R: F$ [8 ~, | 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 z+ W% l! K! {1 q# i1 ]4 z4 f 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 h& [- p2 d, J% f/ V0 y% ^& X 135. Popular nonobedience
4 e1 O/ t0 Q' A8 _0 t 136. Disguised disobedience
. J2 b( c) p* t 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ H( t' D! Z p8 C" k; n8 D2 }& I) K
138. Sitdown7 S; K$ `& b: O% L' x& B
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 `. w! d; d- w
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ O9 q" G. k! g0 x" @% c& } 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: _% ]$ \- S1 C- \: w' x
, ^/ z/ B1 u5 M; M- AAction by Government Personnel
" N3 Y0 V/ W0 a: l1 e 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides E% I3 c0 h( I/ g% D
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ \" |# }# F' D) ]9 T 144. Stalling and obstruction
: d% n* |" e2 h$ N8 I 145. General administrative noncooperation1 C- J3 T" P$ d0 A; h
- F& V( v, u5 ?& ^1 K( D( E }4 o 146. Judicial noncooperation& P9 K, s ?4 P3 i
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- b7 A% A! }% Y" q* ` 148. Mutiny
, G5 x) R( ~. I9 g5 KDomestic Governmental Action1 F, B- G: D4 h9 J) n" M3 _
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 f* e* w) @3 k, z+ d0 R* q
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 w0 p+ C/ f- W, E) e' `7 o
# C6 z* n7 E! s* x5 nInternational Governmental Action
! |4 Q& b2 f2 N% v3 h$ k 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ W7 G- n _; P2 L( o% r0 g
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 F( \! x. H$ k$ b
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ I. l* R1 D6 l: E 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 v' ~; i# d1 @! b4 Z2 \
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 V$ [& u4 D7 L6 D( Y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
: l3 L2 n2 z. N* ~+ t 157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 O$ q6 i! O+ m5 B, j; J6 T# b: _ l" L/ [8 `7 Z
' K& `( A+ P0 q, A
6 G% G* `1 M( T1 t* }5 R
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
3 n! A4 m% @ J& z$ u
* S7 B d0 d/ _; p* t; i7 z" _
* b( d- a: q6 `% E( JPsychological Intervention
5 l! o9 j# d/ p" ?5 k. y 158. Self-exposure to the elements
' s3 q2 a' |+ a1 k; v 159. The fast
0 n" }: z6 ~7 v O7 t0 A0 @ a) Fast of moral pressure0 |% l; o _0 l( m0 H
b) Hunger strike
) i8 v( b3 k; `& p/ q& X c) Satyagrahic fast
$ }( ^ e, G/ J2 f2 K 160. Reverse trial
' V. {1 U9 b+ P& S9 q7 F 161. Nonviolent harassment
$ l. }, I( {0 y7 Q, a; Y( w/ @7 i: w* N) T" i2 u
Physical Intervention1 E8 w# p$ c: {3 {
162. Sit-in
5 Z5 i2 D3 M0 X, h 163. Stand-in0 o3 ^$ M# p' \) Z
164. Ride-in
/ R8 }. ]* |2 E' [ 165. Wade-in
) e1 x: E% E6 ]' ? o! [ 166. Mill-in
- l% T. m) \6 H( V Q' C 167. Pray-in% _, I0 @$ ~6 I& _7 u) @
168. Nonviolent raids1 X- ^( W6 V3 D
169. Nonviolent air raids, k( c( S! d3 g
170. Nonviolent invasion5 d. u. V2 G+ C& v4 O, B
171. Nonviolent interjection# f3 o! I% H" P( X: J ~
172. Nonviolent obstruction5 J% ~! M; F& L) v, k6 J1 U
173. Nonviolent occupation; x! z" l& E3 g2 v( D2 r0 M- G
. k8 y; ^2 e# p0 f% i' p
Social Intervention9 g. g$ d5 L% n) V; S6 T6 `
174. Establishing new social patterns
8 }4 I9 q7 _7 r7 U. U 175. Overloading of facilities
_$ G- C) K# J, n |: L 176. Stall-in* t' R, f* ?+ i, W4 u0 z
177. Speak-in
2 X7 y, H$ G' D# L$ Z3 u0 } 178. Guerrilla theater
& c; w: S0 l6 I; f8 c9 I3 o 179. Alternative social institutions
! L3 r: I X' A6 ^, j5 v/ G$ Q+ y u 180. Alternative communication system
" l! i" ?4 V. v6 G4 d! ^$ L" D2 Q: Q5 B5 E
Economic Intervention: E% @3 L# t9 l; v
181. Reverse strike4 o$ K" h: v1 C8 _
182. Stay-in strike% N6 K/ w; N( |0 J2 D) e
183. Nonviolent land seizure
4 a" S- _; C0 Y: G2 y% B% T0 E& ~' c 184. Defiance of blockades0 i& s8 u0 F, V7 Q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 g) F- B8 W* f. T( r8 @3 Y 186. Preclusive purchasing
/ j2 M. Q2 n. f6 ] 187. Seizure of assets0 C0 q0 s* e1 J: T- |
188. Dumping0 I' w( o$ H: g
189. Selective patronage
! n* K. |3 o8 ~( z 190. Alternative markets* Z& c3 x, O* [' t) g- `+ v) e
191. Alternative transportation systems- ?, W- r6 c! L0 v. ^& m
192. Alternative economic institutions9 K4 T: `0 a4 l) h9 W
- E0 D, a# E8 S6 C0 k. UPolitical Intervention
& t* F$ {$ t) Q4 D 193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 M. |/ I+ W! V/ s0 q- _8 e 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents: ]6 ?. V( r: b, W. b) L
195. Seeking imprisonment' l1 [+ x& ]% _2 s
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
U2 A# G! |3 m! H: W 197. Work-on without collaboration. [, x1 Z1 |, H+ r2 A
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, K7 e! ]( e" C6 X9 J: H
6 \' r0 F6 z2 A9 s |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
