 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; [: o/ R; {) } H
Formal Statements; q6 g; @ b+ B4 A, O" M# I. X- ~3 r4 Z
1. Public Speeches2 Y, r: g# J* n! ]" i) S5 w: O
2. Letters of opposition or support8 d- y1 t" G& J, A5 F4 A
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; T' D& }5 e) V* X# |/ J; d! q* f 4. Signed public statements
* X0 F1 u6 O/ Z" ?+ Q7 w7 } Y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ T1 C+ N! j1 ]; N* X( H/ Q/ i 6. Group or mass petitions
- @* x0 j3 g$ }& Z5 C! N$ i: V9 m
) G) ]/ H/ X! {( d3 C$ p% JCommunications with a Wider Audience2 d$ c& q$ t* b
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 V1 Q S1 U. k) ]# {7 i
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
, w% B8 L8 j0 d 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- ]8 ^5 P" z; c 10. Newspapers and journals
* A' x" k- R8 {- q6 s) k 11. Records, radio, and television
- {* S! K, @. W0 ~ x, k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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) k4 f$ Z. C( X$ `! [% } t9 TGroup Representations
9 E2 h& M3 m, M7 O) U! q0 a1 H 13. Deputations8 T9 A* U2 U4 y4 w' ~+ R
14. Mock awards# [- Q3 a' W/ Q4 h
15. Group lobbying& o1 o8 Y* a) p- C6 Z: H2 n, Q3 K
16. Picketing: j4 h5 `& u/ m- V% d( p0 j
17. Mock elections
5 c/ E4 ?6 c% e% K6 t, f- C/ }: _8 n- T' F* G* M
Symbolic Public Acts
, h$ S) O5 L6 T, s5 W4 U 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 F$ E- m# T9 q- M 19. Wearing of symbols
" F- d- C" H: r3 q( t 20. Prayer and worship) z# b/ ]" f1 I
21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ C( T% g! ~; _: d 22. Protest disrobings
: C- t& F! l. E: g% o$ y 23. Destruction of own property6 i) U. E; f4 Z+ e1 e
24. Symbolic lights
( u, k" ?7 K2 V. F6 O9 v 25. Displays of portraits' D, S5 ^% E! i* H5 [6 e% R7 P
26. Paint as protest3 A: u, B% ^" ?/ P Q2 w
27. New signs and names: P/ a, `; m0 d. h1 u
28. Symbolic sounds; [! A# o+ b* b! ]' ~3 e
29. Symbolic reclamations: I: B3 k, i5 X$ M
30. Rude gestures
/ e$ V* l$ f! v; J
$ L5 X4 i8 V+ O+ `Pressures on Individuals
0 {2 ?4 }! }: E! D4 }8 o 31. “Haunting” officials0 c3 Q( z% y( M2 p# i
32. Taunting officials w# J" [! G3 Q$ f& v9 R8 E
33. Fraternization
3 L+ _. z8 q. V! q 34. Vigils
- w _1 U% \0 {# R9 z1 ?# l" Y4 N! K1 z. A! G p
Drama and Music" R! n$ Q$ ~+ m2 {
35. Humorous skits and pranks/ W8 q3 P2 g- M" s$ M/ L
36. Performances of plays and music" K8 Q+ p, W2 K! `! x3 r: z( y4 Q
37. Singing
i& v# f6 W2 w/ ?5 f# k! s, h7 x! b
Processions
, o0 P& t2 f1 I' G6 |2 V 38. Marches
$ g2 g) }- G$ b2 {1 ? 39. Parades; h; d6 q |0 ^ d5 [* z
40. Religious processions
, n x; A5 z. o 41. Pilgrimages! I, \# G* q8 Z, o+ C& i6 p+ S' }
42. Motorcades
4 H! X. E" u w: F5 a! v+ g3 j c# C) U6 l9 p e
Honoring the Dead5 n' R' e5 k" L8 O4 `# y
43. Political mourning; `' o, _2 _9 J' a% q. W
44. Mock funerals" ?% k n) |" ^, R7 u6 R
45. Demonstrative funerals$ y) a, ^' j5 s2 u: H6 @) P
46. Homage at burial places
3 T7 [. K9 Y# ^# n2 C$ H- d% A
( h b0 A! r% `" S/ o2 R; PPublic Assemblies
6 O5 ?2 l; ^6 L4 P) Z8 e! w 47. Assemblies of protest or support
& f1 m0 `1 i0 T. {/ k 48. Protest meetings
5 j/ q7 t9 s1 k# ]- I+ X+ w 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 G/ Y7 X; _: M
50. Teach-ins2 B' W+ h6 Y0 j( C. l
3 H# u4 ]& f8 ]% x( I: [/ q
Withdrawal and Renunciation
" T. s9 V4 g |( S) B% d h, w1 e 51. Walk-outs
5 \. k: @0 z( B) @" n 52. Silence% j. _* X8 O# d! C+ ]* P( X
53. Renouncing honors
- L& S: i+ i8 c& L2 d+ [# } 54. Turning one’s back
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% A9 i' {! U8 L/ y
4 ?8 R0 u- P5 r, Y" V2 A' i2 w: t. L2 Y( e
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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! a* X6 G8 {4 J- D5 c# ]Ostracism of Persons
J- }# B9 y+ ]. s7 u1 ^1 j" \ 55. Social boycott
3 q7 I* }, M# e% a9 u+ G 56. Selective social boycott3 Y% d/ _1 F& L6 D/ D
57. Lysistratic nonaction
' H" b+ _) I8 d2 }" ] 58. Excommunication
* \2 e4 I) _+ m7 Q2 C6 F8 x 59. Interdict
3 F$ z% y8 H- M) p' l2 M8 u3 [9 Y! o g+ O8 N9 M
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ J$ v4 L: G- E8 E" K
60. Suspension of social and sports activities8 J7 h" J: F7 J
61. Boycott of social affairs% w4 s1 G4 B; ^" _
62. Student strike4 ^4 f( K8 f4 }: T' x! o' k
63. Social disobedience
5 E$ u) s& U9 X+ H& `5 E 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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: R/ m; c; P7 t8 b! m! {) YWithdrawal from the Social System
/ @$ f. y! N" ^2 C) { 65. Stay-at-home
: X/ Z A! H' X* ^! N 66. Total personal noncooperation
7 J2 [: G3 { v3 t* k4 w 67. “Flight” of workers
; f7 v1 L4 x; ]' C0 h7 K% Q3 {, k 68. Sanctuary
* x) J! I# A/ X; W3 }0 v 69. Collective disappearance. Q {+ ^" U- u+ E9 N
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
8 d, Z! r) P2 r8 B' ^7 O6 A; D" q m
# J) F' Q- l# H5 d' NActions by Consumers, k% ?" P" k& V% N1 o% }
71. Consumers’ boycott
, n2 Z X( G1 u3 ?) J2 `) S 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 [( r+ J' i/ \+ H# S0 S 73. Policy of austerity
& X$ a6 P( l% m, F4 x% _, u% F 74. Rent withholding# s1 g# A, y+ q% K4 N
75. Refusal to rent3 f- x" T9 P2 ~# I# x
76. National consumers’ boycott8 Y, f. d) m# ]( L" c
77. International consumers’ boycott$ s# \. ^* d/ _0 m: j4 t
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Action by Workers and Producers" N# E3 u; a7 h$ d9 y$ o, k- k
78. Workmen’s boycott2 A/ C# C6 t% P, j6 _, B1 K% f
79. Producers’ boycott
% u$ z. c# A+ N
a! s2 v, J# m Q* _/ N$ XAction by Middlemen
) _, S; e5 _5 F6 L' Y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ y7 W6 `* s6 W2 ?8 N5 \7 N& A/ d$ D% E& Q, {$ p% I' x
Action by Owners and Management
& m) d o$ {4 \6 ~ 81. Traders’ boycott
0 G% U! A" X3 s. c, H+ d: K 82. Refusal to let or sell property
% `2 N2 A) @% c: f& m; q/ H 83. Lockout
$ [( N- e3 u9 _! S, s, [" t 84. Refusal of industrial assistance' u7 \( O0 P/ a* C% v
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
* J' c& `( n& L8 w, E. a$ U8 o4 J2 A% P( c! O
Action by Holders of Financial Resources5 e4 s5 o! h- H6 c4 q. I) x2 I
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 Z- F4 L3 X; _8 Y: \ E+ L- n
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
* y5 N# E. w/ l8 s9 i 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 o) f7 {% }/ v1 v7 ?8 Q! x# d# l 89. Severance of funds and credit
/ C# O; K/ @3 w1 ]! {& k 90. Revenue refusal
: f1 D4 W1 S8 H6 M/ i. c 91. Refusal of a government’s money* \; z q+ D* }' [. i
( I2 l7 O0 B( I0 DAction by Governments2 g5 z* y, o, P6 E# E
92. Domestic embargo
9 j3 h! h( Q ?' z 93. Blacklisting of traders6 T& ]- J* g3 g2 Q
94. International sellers’ embargo
: M: F: _* j2 J. [2 h/ D7 \: [- e) v 95. International buyers’ embargo0 A6 B. h- {, w. y1 \$ R3 K
96. International trade embargo- i/ `% g( G) [# t4 S Q4 {7 D
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% g6 n4 h' p. g, T5 bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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* S- ^8 k, T. ]0 q1 WSymbolic Strikes
( b0 ?6 H; W$ p. O% E8 Z+ l 97. Protest strike) `5 p0 ?8 f8 y; b
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike), t; Y! x1 d6 A; m
9 w# F: j, Z! N2 D5 d q% mAgricultural Strikes
' w) a1 m6 u d: g+ p1 C8 U 99. Peasant strike
( f z" z4 R5 _, z 100. Farm Workers’ strike7 O: E9 R; r, b- N- E
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Strikes by Special Groups
" ~+ ~/ F: f/ b1 k2 z7 ^ 101. Refusal of impressed labor8 u$ G: ?- K: n8 M5 ~" O$ J" V
102. Prisoners’ strike
2 O+ G8 [0 c, \* M 103. Craft strike
& C. w& l7 h; i* c 104. Professional strike
1 l/ a) r: w* `7 N$ B' `* j" d8 X6 V, P3 {) @6 L
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 g( G m& u; z$ I' l 105. Establishment strike
+ T$ k: L% _" Q3 K) c& o* k 106. Industry strike
: T/ \1 L. f* F8 S; \. z 107. Sympathetic strike. q$ p1 c7 Z6 N4 a
) J, T, Q9 E3 k% U7 XRestricted Strikes
$ i$ \1 q/ S' R A+ ~3 j 108. Detailed strike
! @ X( U1 ]5 b8 T! Q+ x- X7 L3 P' Y 109. Bumper strike! X; V$ }( k8 j z- x
110. Slowdown strike
& J6 w; q X9 U8 m 111. Working-to-rule strike
8 G" N/ ^) O6 j5 w, F5 T, l+ l$ a 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ b5 b$ B- Z$ n/ G8 h. U9 h' g
113. Strike by resignation4 w; W) e! D' i+ H
114. Limited strike7 M6 B$ `/ k; f3 C" F$ {8 U
115. Selective strike- }8 v/ L9 U' `. v# k
% q5 G# K8 w' l9 _+ pMulti-Industry Strikes: j6 _+ C( [5 v4 Z* _& @
% _' o! V! B0 _ 116. Generalized strike
[+ X, [8 p2 C( F% ^5 H* Z1 V7 t8 j9 ]& [$ ` Z- [/ N6 r
117. General strike, ~& I, K+ a! }7 | [
! s! V2 D( f8 |( a1 a( p9 LCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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0 p/ m$ w! ?( ^1 R) S5 c 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION2 \' e `0 f) \: e
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Rejection of Authority
/ R# ~ u. m3 g( _5 r' C 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: ~9 y* j! t, v- t$ l8 G2 m4 J
121. Refusal of public support
/ ?0 @2 W3 j* C. u2 J: d$ U 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! } m8 J( P" D2 N
# J+ [. B; }" V; ~8 O Y4 ACitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
|1 O5 f+ T; v7 F0 F& U 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 C5 x, P+ R4 |6 [" C8 C 124. Boycott of elections3 Z F1 i: _6 w% ]0 K% H- m
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( E* D$ V: o S" w 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 z# E$ `, @% I8 ]% Z$ W 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* j7 C# B) X$ w
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: B: k, _. d6 k0 {9 g% e 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( e+ `1 l$ i+ X4 x 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# d2 b& m% }& M, E- f 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ n1 q- D& y, o) [! W) r6 b8 M 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions M2 l; W5 B! G5 p3 ^! S u. J8 }) |
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 u& Z! L+ ?1 }) r( O 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
4 d, |- U' N3 w: U1 s 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision6 P2 g4 S+ b# M8 k m* v5 o- m7 Q1 _& {
135. Popular nonobedience; y1 G5 V8 ?% {7 v4 w
136. Disguised disobedience
' @0 ~3 S. P2 G7 A 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# W# t' z% D( t7 i) _% A g
138. Sitdown
+ e4 w! J! W- C 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. [, }" _% A1 X7 |
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 x! U( k) `( o' m8 i7 p! z: r 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: s4 L& t: ?1 O& H8 V$ F
, q3 Q; M6 q; \ w3 E9 i) jAction by Government Personnel. F' R# n! i" f
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides& e# b8 e- c! o/ W, q4 }2 X' o" H9 y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; ~, C/ v' u9 i4 ]- E, r- M 144. Stalling and obstruction* J/ \- N2 i1 R D
145. General administrative noncooperation/ @& V& b( a7 h* J3 v4 C$ g5 D+ i
! w9 @6 E8 {1 h. ~. N* x
146. Judicial noncooperation
# R( S7 ^2 |, y/ v: J3 ^) ~ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 T. w8 a: D# S% f9 W, U* G
148. Mutiny. P! [0 ^. k3 o8 M3 R
Domestic Governmental Action/ l w h( Y" W" s: }/ ?+ P' \( o
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) J# [/ |# L) R: O; x2 g 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
K. ~$ ~0 H. l$ j$ ], d9 M0 I( R% M
International Governmental Action# E* L% H9 |/ H" E$ ?( F, w
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ p" k) s& L5 M( V: @' r
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* q9 P5 i1 n* {: S& ^" o
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 D" N1 o5 p4 Q6 C! z# p0 D 154. Severance of diplomatic relations, r) @) r( W; S# S) Z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( s5 B5 ^7 f4 ^9 V6 z: \. p1 Q0 U 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- m4 U% m, p! P$ J* W; {2 \ I 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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/ @# O( {7 H+ P0 f' V/ ?5 q
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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+ r( Z- R8 t, K( G7 p( aPsychological Intervention
, D# R+ H3 @$ u$ V8 g6 {& s 158. Self-exposure to the elements. f" q5 k" @" n, Z: k
159. The fast
! Z K. L. v& u6 C a) Fast of moral pressure# y1 c5 [' w8 y1 _0 l
b) Hunger strike2 }1 _) z8 \% q$ ]
c) Satyagrahic fast" P" p8 g$ R% t3 k
160. Reverse trial/ ]# Y6 E5 r* Q3 h: `, }
161. Nonviolent harassment
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# a' y4 i# n! J+ e) N3 ]Physical Intervention2 m* {* i6 F5 M$ K
162. Sit-in! V" U" O" y7 j/ z& d* }1 c
163. Stand-in/ x6 p2 k5 T0 ~ q" E4 p. d
164. Ride-in
+ ^' t; d+ j! X1 v6 s 165. Wade-in# _+ A0 V! I; v
166. Mill-in; Y0 a+ k4 [+ S. d# R# g7 O
167. Pray-in. Y$ d# }$ e( B! s2 F
168. Nonviolent raids& {2 F+ {0 F9 e0 y
169. Nonviolent air raids
% h( k7 C' k6 l+ r- q; F2 O 170. Nonviolent invasion
0 S' w ]7 p# D% S 171. Nonviolent interjection0 Q0 M' I- B) @9 F
172. Nonviolent obstruction& `2 ^7 R" I2 Z6 c+ u
173. Nonviolent occupation* m3 Q( `' d# P4 L3 Y, p
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Social Intervention- ~+ v% o: e W" B
174. Establishing new social patterns: I, @8 x9 g& p& J7 |7 p8 p
175. Overloading of facilities
7 M) q% M8 ]3 Z. K _7 k+ U! _/ w 176. Stall-in( C1 ~ |, J: I! [# E6 H
177. Speak-in
# d) z6 u6 {5 Z 178. Guerrilla theater# w: d% c) [" _" I, ~) D" ]
179. Alternative social institutions) p0 t: |7 z: `% m! T: }$ n# I- E
180. Alternative communication system
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. Y+ _+ @6 E$ e1 N$ B* {' pEconomic Intervention8 U$ P. D; j" h; D7 R; ]9 z
181. Reverse strike
8 Z0 K5 k7 t( w, J7 \& }" F! T 182. Stay-in strike6 Q- J$ J! W6 s! X) Y4 Q
183. Nonviolent land seizure6 L; P( D1 T' |9 |8 X1 z/ b
184. Defiance of blockades
5 U& g7 a9 g7 ], _, P 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ M" d6 |! f) p. Z2 U
186. Preclusive purchasing
* d: Y; B& y& R6 j0 J: n2 U 187. Seizure of assets
3 g, R/ x# u+ `3 N& K 188. Dumping
9 ]) v6 e! v$ F! g; i 189. Selective patronage
4 I8 J0 [2 ^# V" e5 s: U 190. Alternative markets- q% O) y. t! c" f2 W% E c/ R1 l- h
191. Alternative transportation systems
) E& `3 Z: D# I- t* g, N8 M 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention! T7 }; t0 k$ b+ F# S- e6 U& }; O5 O
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 T4 Q3 @( d/ h8 ?, [' ? 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! s! x; a" D% B* _ {9 x0 P 195. Seeking imprisonment: R7 _4 [3 N; a. l& @; g
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# j* A6 `$ d; G# b
197. Work-on without collaboration
3 {4 a. x; G- i 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
