 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
2 }- q( j9 v% S7 I1 PFormal Statements
1 N+ ~3 p3 X- j/ N2 d- @ 1. Public Speeches& W+ _# a! _) r7 f
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ U O* d6 k; D2 _+ Y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ T. R' {/ k% C8 X' V/ w, b
4. Signed public statements& @$ X9 f7 d& j7 M3 ?9 d
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ J3 g% n2 E% |# I9 v! _! ]4 a
6. Group or mass petitions
3 H# S- S0 q* a: l9 k. |! r6 _2 }! X5 Y* T: I2 M4 c" a- [ I I
Communications with a Wider Audience
* c, H/ S' Q! [( s% l8 | u 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 q$ z, D' W2 U3 q/ ~
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' P* I7 M3 t1 @. i* S! W 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books1 M5 X; U% s1 R. `
10. Newspapers and journals
$ X2 b& J* P- F) T 11. Records, radio, and television
8 D! `5 M9 W& t, w1 d' ~ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting; q2 ^# ` ]& }3 a& P2 p
5 \, W+ u: r7 [/ _Group Representations
) D. Q; K! h# y6 J 13. Deputations
/ Q9 }) x8 s8 e/ A; s 14. Mock awards
; |; c! W8 c+ W: R 15. Group lobbying. R+ ], u/ k( t7 P" l9 F
16. Picketing
& Z4 g, X. c* d1 n0 L% t, i5 h7 P5 @ 17. Mock elections
% M2 F% E o# ` l ]0 a' m* B! `% e) G' T" `
Symbolic Public Acts5 ?& \1 b3 _" Q/ Q& Q" u( s' G6 N0 y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
2 P; T/ H: V8 H( h+ ~4 W4 _6 E# j: [ 19. Wearing of symbols
( ^ q; a& Q# h0 g5 L 20. Prayer and worship8 ]3 X p& n. ]/ W" z& W
21. Delivering symbolic objects' p3 h& {. e! y& {
22. Protest disrobings
F( n/ L: U9 x+ N/ @* [' N% F, c) O 23. Destruction of own property
4 O J" U9 ?+ M$ L. {$ y 24. Symbolic lights; ^/ ~5 f+ I" y9 b. g) }
25. Displays of portraits
6 a- n9 \) Y, r/ I# {9 l 26. Paint as protest- h* @4 D- s; k8 }8 I6 u
27. New signs and names; a# `. b: `8 A8 S
28. Symbolic sounds. @# f4 T! e0 f. Y
29. Symbolic reclamations( E" ]! k# S& L; Q0 ?% h
30. Rude gestures Y+ S: ?8 }& P
4 f' E% i1 [5 d8 t# s& O5 _5 u
Pressures on Individuals# Y& j% n* O) h8 i6 j0 e3 ?
31. “Haunting” officials9 s( G! g4 U$ K
32. Taunting officials" {; E7 L( i1 s0 ]# Q' e$ n) P
33. Fraternization
- A# g; }3 i. y5 ] 34. Vigils+ A/ g0 }2 ^* U/ Q: @, T
. s, B, Y5 n* B* z% TDrama and Music
5 Z @. E( R, Y. j 35. Humorous skits and pranks
}( _9 P/ k& X, Y 36. Performances of plays and music$ y4 \& C7 q" c' H/ y7 x1 a
37. Singing
! d4 A8 X" V* F8 R: H8 I* `/ I
6 O- v: I+ p1 `2 m, n0 Q; wProcessions5 C2 c5 ]* V( ^; d1 ]
38. Marches' f: W. ?5 o4 K
39. Parades& J) z; a8 f9 l8 ]2 `
40. Religious processions
. ]5 j* _, A! `9 A9 | 41. Pilgrimages
0 j/ T. T* G; p% ]' a7 s8 y% R 42. Motorcades( }4 {7 A7 M4 y/ \1 m4 H9 G
. M' ]! `; d7 U4 s8 e& {9 XHonoring the Dead
3 x% M' U G; d f9 ` 43. Political mourning
/ ^2 j( U+ J0 ~6 S9 m4 i 44. Mock funerals
' I1 N7 Z1 a( |% ]) Z0 t$ C 45. Demonstrative funerals
& s E' G& k& v4 o& b y 46. Homage at burial places9 Q9 W# g5 D6 H/ U: x
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Public Assemblies- K8 G5 u9 l7 X9 Q* t, y! Z* N
47. Assemblies of protest or support0 B9 I% F3 H# j3 |
48. Protest meetings, ?3 f: J) t5 M( A" r5 p/ h
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ `5 c" _: \$ Q& [+ g
50. Teach-ins
4 @9 N5 e) p- Z# \2 {% ?
" W% r9 M5 l: S6 \4 wWithdrawal and Renunciation$ z8 {) c$ o1 s5 X1 q# L* ?7 U
51. Walk-outs
, J) y4 `0 S9 h# w" ?3 F 52. Silence. T: P0 y! K# r* e! K
53. Renouncing honors) q! ?3 f' u, P" w9 u, P- O) z
54. Turning one’s back
/ q0 \) M6 i7 s2 d) Y/ z
. x' v; L9 p3 y1 H ! n/ F; S$ s( G! h3 |
( S T# |$ ~$ K' Z: P% j! NTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' c/ s- J4 p/ B' {* {7 X
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8 O/ [/ l$ u' H$ [( u* [7 S8 eOstracism of Persons
2 A1 G9 b. T ]( p6 E 55. Social boycott# d# |% D |' p0 h6 h8 j5 r% Y
56. Selective social boycott
% O' a( p0 K, D 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 x5 p. Y7 J) a6 m
58. Excommunication
" }) @, Q! L' j 59. Interdict
8 N; M9 w! L) w
0 M8 R5 E/ ~1 DNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 ], K2 E" _! M, `
60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 r8 ?# x7 ~4 v) ]$ j4 A
61. Boycott of social affairs+ l9 K# [) N; T) E4 r$ H
62. Student strike
) K; S. v: _4 B5 }3 W 63. Social disobedience
3 n' K9 i" A( N, ^6 @+ w. T9 Y; y+ U$ h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ i4 n0 Y; \: _& r1 t% B
. s' j7 N$ o' ^. e1 Q ]+ X
Withdrawal from the Social System
5 F* X5 F! p! r6 j 65. Stay-at-home, N; O/ L E2 K* M2 B
66. Total personal noncooperation) L3 ^& d) G6 M
67. “Flight” of workers
9 J5 N; R( l6 _- V 68. Sanctuary
+ Q6 Z" ?5 m' _6 `* j/ m ~7 E4 |. S 69. Collective disappearance
0 w8 p- p4 c0 G O D& D" f6 Q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& F# v& |$ S; S, Q# h4 F+ r+ G( C1 J( o8 b i# \
9 D& s3 ]# h/ X* Y8 f
$ T, g( V* t& W3 STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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$ S. ], U, K: ~* @% m' ^8 p
Actions by Consumers0 _' T- p8 r# g7 k9 s4 E) T! d9 T
71. Consumers’ boycott! r/ f) a+ y: M( R9 A& P4 v! q
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# T4 r9 g! J" {& E) o 73. Policy of austerity
4 s% c2 y. v- [. f" G4 a/ ^9 G( X 74. Rent withholding$ h) H/ i3 X8 T+ o) x, z
75. Refusal to rent
- g* O6 }( H* L+ `* \( y+ y 76. National consumers’ boycott
' C! f8 p3 G7 i+ m+ I 77. International consumers’ boycott6 [2 `% _4 w, H4 |5 _$ A
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Action by Workers and Producers. V, q: i: c3 X. f; w
78. Workmen’s boycott
$ Y2 C; b0 C5 M1 S: K4 J 79. Producers’ boycott; L3 }$ ?: z2 I# U, D
! ?) k8 b8 m/ \" nAction by Middlemen+ P, K1 v3 A/ e u) S) P
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management% C5 @# A2 b: h8 N5 |
81. Traders’ boycott2 O8 m, B) @4 W: l6 @" z- M' e
82. Refusal to let or sell property
g/ Z: v& ?. ?! O% S5 K 83. Lockout
3 h1 M/ B C+ O 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 U" O1 V1 P& i' b8 U7 { 85. Merchants’ “general strike”" f3 {, R/ M* z4 e" u$ [
o$ @. ~9 s7 ]0 `! L1 c2 v
Action by Holders of Financial Resources% c% M% ]: B i$ ?4 j( t
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. T0 S$ H1 r% k" w: S
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
]! U( }/ ]9 m. g, R1 S- J 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
. s4 M' {( [- E$ O; e+ I) d 89. Severance of funds and credit
5 W8 y+ k- B0 d9 H2 | 90. Revenue refusal
; ]1 D1 ^& f. s' t. w1 o1 M 91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 _* Q# J. p* C
" F2 F7 O; R1 }/ Q- v* e* I# s7 wAction by Governments
8 g* j3 u) V: N5 S: k 92. Domestic embargo/ |' I7 v6 H% P. w z
93. Blacklisting of traders4 o* m- n* N7 T- N
94. International sellers’ embargo
0 h; `7 x5 R2 u1 a" f: k 95. International buyers’ embargo
) V0 Q8 t) e" \/ O8 h! G 96. International trade embargo; F, B% s: R! T: W
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE, M8 r4 a0 ^, S F1 c! h
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; h x8 V5 V2 j# @9 U. ~Symbolic Strikes
/ M. n7 R- H- }/ E% R" m 97. Protest strike: O/ s& I9 m; D' h( J1 |0 O L1 I
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) m; F3 a; v# Z8 l1 P* U
/ q' V' S! q$ L9 T2 F. g. p# }
Agricultural Strikes
: G& P/ L# `4 ^6 Z2 f0 L; T. G 99. Peasant strike2 j, S6 x& a @) Y
100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 S2 G- g d3 y9 x( x0 _2 O- `* F5 g
Strikes by Special Groups L1 E. }6 C7 N8 O; O9 n
101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 N; X: g/ K9 m8 j 102. Prisoners’ strike
) C, f/ q- |2 C* T+ X0 T! Y8 [6 { 103. Craft strike
P; Q+ j! g* p, y, r; K7 U! C( K 104. Professional strike
o' n: i. L% K& z9 [
7 J1 _" F& U9 [1 qOrdinary Industrial Strikes7 ?6 T3 T2 l/ [/ j, n9 M* A
105. Establishment strike
W# m) E I$ i 106. Industry strike
9 [ U6 | l2 o E' T& P7 w' L 107. Sympathetic strike
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3 `- Q2 V: h5 [6 u, LRestricted Strikes, l1 h* z! n5 R( m( U+ I% T: n, _
108. Detailed strike- b0 Y2 o& ~1 {+ [' P) Z
109. Bumper strike
+ O1 A u$ y0 l) _2 ` 110. Slowdown strike
! b" i& J3 m% { e 111. Working-to-rule strike
, J) S3 K |; U8 | 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' a, L5 t0 J. t% T$ G+ |
113. Strike by resignation a, @. w- x3 G' L( S) {
114. Limited strike0 \/ E' `3 A* s* |9 {) W# }
115. Selective strike; s5 V7 _ S( o1 R/ U4 v9 f' G
7 c+ _9 r- o; ?! E+ `# x0 mMulti-Industry Strikes. y! M* t7 W6 X. j
' y9 H( m* B! C 116. Generalized strike$ ]& }; Y" s# L B' U( A
+ J( P8 k, ]( \4 ?' K- E
117. General strike* {+ |2 `" p! q" A" |6 b
; E2 z& u- [. U1 A' i! YCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
9 c: W# r; u" d* e
6 u( n. l. J1 c 119. Economic shutdown+ n Z: q6 V! k( h- d+ [* }
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6 f5 h2 @; h5 j Z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 `$ f2 t; Z/ C; M/ F' e- dRejection of Authority
9 l7 h/ u( n0 K `. x9 b3 { 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance t, Z- T. N0 R3 I" c# U
121. Refusal of public support
' D6 z7 q1 y8 U+ L 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance c& P) C2 k! ]( I8 r$ E" w
5 _+ s8 V" o& w
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* B0 s4 V1 Y0 Q3 C6 E
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 z, r8 `/ H, N
124. Boycott of elections7 y0 n$ Y4 a; W' n7 t% ^
125. Boycott of government employment and positions- q1 l. S; G4 G# H; x+ r
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" j5 |1 I# o* o2 m- T0 z u/ D9 { 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) w/ C, w# b$ m3 W
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 f& Q0 j K( `' e/ R4 X 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" ~, ^" L+ m' @" K1 i% i 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ y2 d5 S* f) z2 e5 E; x0 _$ ?* `1 W 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 P% `) U' V% U N- p+ t6 X
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) \7 X7 ]) p2 m1 A2 J: k
" s( B! B; D" f( Y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 g. Z) {( @7 F2 J- |# _: r
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 n g/ S. `5 w/ R C/ o8 X: X0 Y 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 _; S6 v, x( K d1 ^3 y 135. Popular nonobedience4 H K; r7 H1 d0 s
136. Disguised disobedience
4 D% B& i: m6 ^* g& x 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" s. {7 j0 o, m" w3 X' I 138. Sitdown! J( |5 ^+ `) K7 A U
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 z0 s, k. J9 d+ X) U/ \
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% Z* i5 p: G" _* P, o4 ~- S% L$ U# ?
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% M o* n+ ]9 q& O7 ?5 p
% M* |: _: {0 Q7 B* B: K
Action by Government Personnel5 w5 |. ]3 G! x! |
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* o# B* M, r( W% s
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 q# Y1 d( Z" {' p 144. Stalling and obstruction
- L# a! w8 k/ m3 a" W5 B2 z& c 145. General administrative noncooperation( X9 i$ {, w d" ]. v
$ j7 y( }# c$ D8 O0 _- a1 s
146. Judicial noncooperation7 D4 q9 w3 _" s2 R7 D
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* v) W! t0 K" ], ?
148. Mutiny' S( A$ `4 O' V {& ]
Domestic Governmental Action D7 r* `6 W3 c
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays3 s3 q2 I% Y4 B5 r
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 |5 l# A# l2 p9 K- o4 a6 k8 P4 |4 h+ N' t
International Governmental Action1 s, [# |% v# _
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. y3 N1 Z# E1 f9 g& {; ]6 U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 B6 W% r& Z, W! y8 n% E 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* }6 b9 H! V! z0 ^" d 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 o. P7 h, a0 g7 s! l# F 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 D; m! b0 A. H+ Z4 A9 ^& i6 r
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 p- Y% r* X4 q% K( t4 P2 ]' \
157. Expulsion from international organizations
7 |" v/ S* U8 _% @) U7 ]: y1 K& E3 c
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8 s0 X X; v/ N3 g/ Z6 UTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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9 j7 n) _5 B+ a _( \% `, PPsychological Intervention
7 d. O$ |: B3 m! r" {$ Y 158. Self-exposure to the elements0 e1 p% u, l: W2 u+ m. L# A
159. The fast9 y0 x( {$ o* c( L, [, c9 ^; p
a) Fast of moral pressure+ } g6 J# o; q
b) Hunger strike5 U k* }( ~7 D$ l
c) Satyagrahic fast* f. ~( n$ a' B8 w# B( a
160. Reverse trial6 Y: {& y8 W3 t7 ~/ a
161. Nonviolent harassment
' y6 _. o+ o5 j: Y3 A. }% Y3 \' d; W! u8 V4 g- {. [
Physical Intervention
" p8 G0 A/ P; _) o0 h 162. Sit-in
4 Z( ]$ t" l/ N; [0 G8 A2 ] 163. Stand-in6 {& o7 Q! |3 c2 L, ^% ~
164. Ride-in
4 P' N% ?- D/ r, H" O7 ] 165. Wade-in7 t+ F* j% t, u
166. Mill-in
l6 A' K d! i# C. _- s) L, o6 J 167. Pray-in
1 M$ w; G! J8 s n Q2 J/ C 168. Nonviolent raids
8 ~9 C& @# w* _3 x; q+ P( z 169. Nonviolent air raids
( s6 K }" P) J4 E0 a$ i; r 170. Nonviolent invasion- d- ?3 N! t' e1 D# t5 \/ @
171. Nonviolent interjection& c% n; v& o& v, t1 C9 I( M: E
172. Nonviolent obstruction% V# r7 X8 J! y
173. Nonviolent occupation) O2 e) G2 l7 V# R: q9 U
1 i9 W% N7 ]# m8 g- C) |Social Intervention
" M, | @# L8 V 174. Establishing new social patterns
' B9 v3 |9 R# k$ |/ f 175. Overloading of facilities! p& ~. e0 H$ A* ?8 n: P$ ?, b
176. Stall-in; @, o0 Q( Y, y' n X4 D, o
177. Speak-in( n2 V, C9 @( g, n1 }: M& I
178. Guerrilla theater* F/ { d9 \* J( i, @
179. Alternative social institutions6 W% C- K3 ?8 R1 j8 j
180. Alternative communication system
. S9 h! J* Z# E8 _& J( n7 x" w" S. k/ e# B- G# ^! ?
Economic Intervention+ n1 f2 m1 g0 a' [& V7 o* N
181. Reverse strike5 w" R4 p6 F( A
182. Stay-in strike
, |' n4 P( D9 o+ }# q+ x+ Q 183. Nonviolent land seizure
% y1 i2 f0 {. s4 z 184. Defiance of blockades
( J7 d' W8 |, f4 n" \9 c 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* E+ a/ G( S) M4 c2 @* Z
186. Preclusive purchasing/ v$ o* x' v6 T p' ~
187. Seizure of assets2 U& E$ \7 Y% t; \0 ?
188. Dumping
+ s% c0 L& Z6 d2 X# V; a( | 189. Selective patronage4 }( |0 }" w5 n% x7 ^
190. Alternative markets
% a5 x$ g3 r6 p+ B+ Q 191. Alternative transportation systems
# M- _, B4 |0 y3 F% D 192. Alternative economic institutions% @/ x( T+ r8 z2 j
& Y8 g J7 ?) ZPolitical Intervention
& G; r' h1 x% r 193. Overloading of administrative systems3 {( U! R' D, @% S/ W. @
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 [2 K; g3 ?6 K( \9 k
195. Seeking imprisonment
3 \$ ^3 M& x( i; j. d 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 n' q' V0 w& u8 X# A4 l
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 o% ?/ S6 L4 W4 W, F6 z n 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# j/ T) q9 S' f6 a- m( t! P
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
