 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ P( W2 o4 n' J" S8 b" h# Z
Formal Statements% _: y% l) \2 W, Z% s
1. Public Speeches9 H% x2 e1 d$ [' C% f4 I
2. Letters of opposition or support! w$ x6 H4 n7 ?2 K8 L6 |# p# Z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions5 K# ]/ y) F [$ D( O6 C) J
4. Signed public statements: ?/ s) C' L. ?* f( P3 Q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 g" b$ U. d: [8 k! q5 ^7 { 6. Group or mass petitions
; r8 Y+ [& U, u; O% y( z5 g! W+ S/ p# `
8 T, j/ D6 B6 FCommunications with a Wider Audience4 @4 V4 |9 H6 T2 C
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
. ?+ F2 K* v: m" Z$ z$ _# J 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' k! b/ |/ d& M( N' r 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# G- H3 a+ T1 S4 w c4 r( k 10. Newspapers and journals. X, b1 h. y! ?5 N" F" }
11. Records, radio, and television% V/ T; m+ h* o* E2 r: A9 n0 S
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* y q3 x* x9 j) n6 h& p
+ H9 n p5 G7 \/ j9 [0 d" [Group Representations# C6 W6 j: G! O! N% t" q
13. Deputations& N* c9 R* b6 H0 O8 ^2 M ~: L
14. Mock awards
9 h D- W* o- o) M, T, w 15. Group lobbying
) ~4 U, b2 @' D- i3 y8 p 16. Picketing3 L" O% ?# a2 X7 `! P5 j
17. Mock elections- ^* q. A; ~: }: [5 M; }
M4 K1 d7 {7 B: g0 e0 S( fSymbolic Public Acts. a8 a6 c* ]0 c5 j; ]9 t
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ N, n! Y( L1 t! @# f4 {& D, G) V
19. Wearing of symbols
" @, y# d* G' Q4 B) u 20. Prayer and worship
: A/ ^" B5 q- m. T. i; F 21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 K6 I2 @0 o6 ~* o4 H 22. Protest disrobings: q1 O5 V) J7 F- r- x
23. Destruction of own property/ P0 t7 @# t6 a6 ~
24. Symbolic lights
" f4 k- A+ N- E/ h" j6 T- S! Q9 | 25. Displays of portraits
9 Z/ I1 S' K7 I1 [. p `4 y 26. Paint as protest
" V% M+ F& [; f: @; } 27. New signs and names. \: l# I4 A5 G$ C1 h: n" i
28. Symbolic sounds
; z# Y6 \ ~) i 29. Symbolic reclamations" z$ S, q: Q9 H1 K# @
30. Rude gestures$ U7 n% y. B6 E! P+ l1 L% p
) o7 \6 |# f" n& p7 u& U$ H
Pressures on Individuals! @2 d& Y6 H" s w6 n E6 Q
31. “Haunting” officials. K* _3 D6 ~# H0 R: u
32. Taunting officials1 k3 v" p2 o& a# f3 M' O3 _
33. Fraternization4 }( ?3 U# U0 v) H- K. x
34. Vigils" X: ~: G9 g( L4 d+ |$ A3 T
$ f# h3 ?: p+ j2 {9 U* n3 i$ U
Drama and Music
7 I9 z; Y$ o" t. } 35. Humorous skits and pranks ^$ c8 B0 }- i& f, w _* f
36. Performances of plays and music
" v* U- T7 T0 [! n: Z 37. Singing1 e9 d% Z. m6 |* S1 N
- D$ n8 C4 b3 Y2 S( g& U
Processions+ }/ h9 H5 A! {) c% L
38. Marches6 H6 Z1 {! P9 D5 \$ E0 v
39. Parades5 [# o: Z4 v3 g1 j$ y, d2 ]
40. Religious processions
, k: f) L- f5 r 41. Pilgrimages( Z: B$ L5 w A N( ~
42. Motorcades- v( L( f+ B* D }0 H- I# N
" o7 c" i; P/ T1 ?3 G- }- D3 z* mHonoring the Dead
3 S4 j+ A: ~5 x% E8 b- d4 U& W 43. Political mourning
& B+ X7 r# h9 z8 ^ 44. Mock funerals- s4 U: n6 k4 G1 Z& l
45. Demonstrative funerals
6 ^* D7 O+ G) E" t" j* O+ Z 46. Homage at burial places
! b# u s! E$ |$ g# l0 y
; V9 g! V2 D' ]6 JPublic Assemblies
8 M: i6 D: W! R) `. G2 S 47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 C A/ \) d' a) x: e" ~ 48. Protest meetings! F+ E) V/ D! Q# A
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' H: {" W- q6 l9 n Z0 V7 u/ b8 z
50. Teach-ins4 q. V2 H8 w) k4 n
! s) d2 _8 `) QWithdrawal and Renunciation
' |4 m. h% P; M* U5 G 51. Walk-outs
, f5 X v% T; C 52. Silence* I& l7 M- |, D# {, C$ i9 p
53. Renouncing honors9 r. _, r3 V( P/ Y0 d/ ^+ b3 k
54. Turning one’s back
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1 U8 Q- p6 L* _" W ) F" ]! L+ A9 @% H, s
4 t A5 Y& F& ~( D: H' t. e! d9 aTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ |& S+ a P G v5 q
5 w% E) C( N( C
" Z, l6 L: K3 ~+ R
/ H- t( M$ x, i! wOstracism of Persons
: r+ x4 r4 l' V& I7 z2 @! i# I 55. Social boycott
: M% A+ h; v4 k9 i) G; _ V6 ?! g 56. Selective social boycott9 k* h% [& ^; G, U% p+ C% G9 C
57. Lysistratic nonaction0 Z. o1 k9 n8 g+ p' N
58. Excommunication
; e0 e+ h, m1 _, n; V" Z 59. Interdict W x' l! x8 T$ h
) }5 i: E# T4 h2 L+ y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 A0 \) t, A' r9 `
60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 w6 ~/ Y, y1 _5 |+ f# @, y
61. Boycott of social affairs
# _' l, e3 c5 T: o 62. Student strike* x9 \! w/ V' _9 b
63. Social disobedience9 M3 Z- x. O) p4 x7 i
64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 s( Q8 I$ @' ^! @$ Z
4 b( w( h% z. }, B
Withdrawal from the Social System
# a) ]2 T9 ?$ Q y6 b 65. Stay-at-home
6 p c0 P4 K7 B 66. Total personal noncooperation! N8 }" L6 z* O% ?9 R( h; Z
67. “Flight” of workers
$ ~; S( q* Q7 W% x2 y8 A# e 68. Sanctuary3 P e# u- l; E. v
69. Collective disappearance# v( @; r, {! Q% ?; L R
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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, F$ r f" w/ {, y5 F
7 @" t& Z" ]+ }2 V: s9 t' O8 c9 W5 n+ k2 E
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 Z1 G5 e, x/ [4 w/ h5 o5 P; X
2 P6 G4 v) L" c- D; S: r( p . z. |2 w. D( v- v% S0 v
Actions by Consumers
3 }, A: p1 U% A3 [9 y# g0 o* h# B 71. Consumers’ boycott+ b4 n+ O( G8 A5 K: @
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods* c% N# I1 P. l0 C! U
73. Policy of austerity
9 A7 n G6 d; J) B8 D 74. Rent withholding
- [2 U* `/ c: L" P: Q 75. Refusal to rent. |, R2 T; t$ X, s' ~) ~
76. National consumers’ boycott/ f7 `. d( H' M! ]' v, r8 u
77. International consumers’ boycott
+ Z7 f) U; [; T5 {$ {- a) }4 S1 l! S; I$ }
Action by Workers and Producers3 `& ^1 m- U' [8 h' \
78. Workmen’s boycott! r( ^* w) @* |3 B% y1 u
79. Producers’ boycott O) H7 c$ c! U/ O$ h* G
/ G# u" W! E( L9 S* FAction by Middlemen
7 ^0 `' R2 B1 H5 r6 E 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 D2 R4 d; p: e
8 B; X7 E8 ^- T; nAction by Owners and Management
" m6 e$ f r( [3 x 81. Traders’ boycott* O6 M' G* [5 V. d8 e
82. Refusal to let or sell property- W1 F2 `+ s) W
83. Lockout
4 D2 n6 [" t* R- X$ d: U. N2 s 84. Refusal of industrial assistance6 x* X# S8 u0 Z$ O
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 Y, l) B- X, C% e$ f) u' `8 d0 k: s( J+ _5 O
Action by Holders of Financial Resources5 M# Z: Z% x& |$ l! D
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
5 [3 L3 N& w. Z, Y2 N- \ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
Y$ Y3 z4 |& n& n/ |5 ` 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 a1 U5 c: \( P9 ?4 w |6 K
89. Severance of funds and credit
8 b$ V+ Z% q1 h/ u# x ~# [ 90. Revenue refusal
4 W4 G5 A5 \3 T+ |1 d5 q 91. Refusal of a government’s money1 s) N- X& i3 Y' k( y- _, H! O
8 G2 i2 N) o0 I4 p7 z
Action by Governments# S2 n- x, O' L4 H
92. Domestic embargo7 c& }+ u/ U9 t% C- g
93. Blacklisting of traders' U1 @6 t2 H$ ^, f( _: h
94. International sellers’ embargo
% p" r! t. {5 f) J" L 95. International buyers’ embargo6 X! @/ |2 I7 V% Q; H
96. International trade embargo3 k" a4 B0 Q: J! A
( O; [# _1 ~, {4 O6 o; }( ~
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4 A" W f/ K6 h' k$ M, w% y9 MTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
8 y+ A4 y- h- d& y) {8 r! p' W) \3 r1 N. C" n
- e& U$ ^- w; z9 y4 a" OSymbolic Strikes1 M, A# [! h- N2 O, t/ S, D. u" y
97. Protest strike
9 r* Y* y2 x @7 Y2 b 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
! K0 \4 s2 }( P3 c2 s
6 Q& s1 F8 b0 |( k; {Agricultural Strikes
* f& Y# E( \% y V& ^ 99. Peasant strike) d& W, m. K# r+ z" l' G7 f* d: s
100. Farm Workers’ strike
) `" R1 U& N' k |( M: w
" s& b/ {; y. g t Q% T" [Strikes by Special Groups. n: G* m" A4 u p3 X* o" ~
101. Refusal of impressed labor
* ]; N! A& n+ ?- m+ {3 h 102. Prisoners’ strike7 |; p5 Y7 t& a, x" D
103. Craft strike0 O( _+ A s2 L* K1 k8 ?' D" k
104. Professional strike
8 l; g- y. L5 z$ s0 e
, w/ _5 s" d4 z4 B1 pOrdinary Industrial Strikes B- U; l7 D6 I' ]0 U+ {
105. Establishment strike, k" d, T" n7 g' E% V( I4 L
106. Industry strike9 q5 ^1 \- @& @. c$ A( u
107. Sympathetic strike
$ _. `2 a9 c7 Z B9 F4 A& y
7 ]& Y$ Q- }7 |9 c$ L! L3 u0 jRestricted Strikes: N" c1 |3 m' ^* y$ h0 E
108. Detailed strike/ V/ s& j# t% t+ R6 \+ b- Z8 {% F4 y
109. Bumper strike
7 ?- y% W* g" e; G; s8 J! v 110. Slowdown strike
3 |; _# [2 f" G/ e# B' u8 H1 R: i 111. Working-to-rule strike
' v+ P! Z) T0 P" Q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 s' \' a" |# ~
113. Strike by resignation
$ R4 l% z: l! ?5 Z 114. Limited strike
! ?7 z& U9 j. n! a 115. Selective strike
1 \ T; _! I/ Q! Y% {( z& x
9 J$ x/ U. X$ v/ z+ {1 d; Y5 [Multi-Industry Strikes/ t# E5 g* x: j4 u& z+ C$ \
% B' X" C" b- q) `' L2 |1 H. B 116. Generalized strike: v$ V0 I( F) E
! r; g. {: @, R |* e' S
117. General strike
- F0 ~' ]9 U+ p2 y
9 J# z& e! K# wCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures" q2 m- V: _0 I" ~& d2 t5 K
`) J P/ J- u4 u* h0 A% i
118. Hartal
* p* v3 g1 [1 G5 y& m/ v7 s7 P4 p4 h G$ f6 f
119. Economic shutdown- a6 f# v; t" C0 }
4 Q% q @, \8 T0 Z6 n; I+ U
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7 X- S# d( x+ ?3 V' e
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION) s$ b; X, X: @; W* G
} ~6 S0 M7 p# _
: ?, b! S) f) H. Q9 ORejection of Authority# Q+ U% K: I0 p0 J4 y( h8 |
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 f6 j8 B6 U5 ` 121. Refusal of public support
* d! Q: R' L6 \ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# Q/ v6 }+ r. f/ |; X: V* C* I( F
' @$ E/ P4 {( n7 S, GCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 @: b+ s; O. q* ^: a7 _" O1 R* x
123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 G# E& u( |5 Q6 Y% ^( h
124. Boycott of elections
- C( s2 E2 Z7 c 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( e8 l0 O5 n' N* {% t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: t7 T, \. O6 }
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! l% D" l8 c0 ~% |. I% ? 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" Y! g; A0 n( e$ p- `2 U& p) t3 N 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ p( }. r0 a' |& | 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 q( L6 m1 s, n5 z/ y( {; o4 C 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 G: T5 F+ }) M, T9 \4 V. @
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
7 B/ }" `- S. R2 x" ~$ M+ X+ y5 q" r. T" j
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
) u; n2 _) A+ f; N9 c 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* P$ K! } |* f" ^ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 ]# M3 l1 i! l& ?$ p9 m 135. Popular nonobedience
# \- C! \5 u$ ] 136. Disguised disobedience4 H Q1 k% }. }1 ?) H3 {; j7 ?* y ~
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, r: p8 m+ B) ]4 ~! `( N7 Z
138. Sitdown2 a" E( S* f! z2 I& N0 Y; c3 _
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: y" K- T, S0 F: m" m 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. Z8 W5 G ~) \0 p0 o" h. ^
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' Z$ U+ L" p) j4 G3 O3 d7 _5 \
5 b4 i9 n0 a3 {0 F% x$ p+ iAction by Government Personnel; `' A4 `7 }5 K
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides c# e- ~0 A8 }( [2 S7 Q9 r
143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 P8 i: H: K5 C1 M2 j( T
144. Stalling and obstruction4 G) K; l+ j4 r; f. Y5 m
145. General administrative noncooperation
2 ]4 r* r& f! n
! U# j2 U% t3 y# }' [ 146. Judicial noncooperation
& [$ f; r5 R3 j$ H! H- B 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( u+ [ {; b, D. o2 @# E5 q- p5 c4 [ M
148. Mutiny0 \9 u: c1 J" s4 E2 k
Domestic Governmental Action6 J$ c- Q: M: d5 o3 H5 v
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 t- L& w' }: }* A' p( E0 y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
- G$ U0 f! A% g7 T! {/ Z0 g6 O- W0 S5 v4 A6 j% `
International Governmental Action3 r* M: I4 }6 r, T
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 V6 Q2 }' ~4 J3 x' ^ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% V, ^5 n% u+ [. X$ K, u |. F 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition; }0 u- _# ^: X1 w' ?/ w
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
( A8 M" E$ w/ L/ t$ g5 G 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- C: t. n+ F& C$ n 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" l4 t' V; m8 R6 f
157. Expulsion from international organizations
' a+ g$ _/ X5 i# X" i5 Q p( B$ [5 Y" m4 _$ D: Q
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
9 R/ o' V7 `6 A0 X: m9 x/ |; V' R% m; Q3 F/ D7 Q5 Z
* E* N/ f/ |2 o% RPsychological Intervention
6 J" g5 a7 y5 m 158. Self-exposure to the elements' X( Z! D2 f' |9 C4 P" E- K
159. The fast
) V3 ?( k* ^7 w8 D- j' [ a) Fast of moral pressure
6 x$ J% O1 {1 p r b) Hunger strike
5 T( i. Z; y0 N' } c) Satyagrahic fast
+ T- _# h$ A* M1 |- p1 f 160. Reverse trial
5 E" x. A1 |5 |" f8 m8 [ 161. Nonviolent harassment
* ~1 U8 a& m& M: Y
% e' W. H B T- r9 ^Physical Intervention7 `% `1 S! G) m
162. Sit-in
$ t7 k6 V6 \1 a1 |0 J 163. Stand-in" I w7 j/ J8 P1 y% d
164. Ride-in/ a5 X5 Y' R5 V, L7 J
165. Wade-in
6 F' G; J1 k2 s: r: e 166. Mill-in
3 g: m3 i$ |$ h! m2 f; m0 H7 u# {# d 167. Pray-in
' K2 a2 I4 N. f" w& y 168. Nonviolent raids4 _; ~/ b2 \& b% d! k1 p% H
169. Nonviolent air raids# @5 D4 o( B3 i& r8 u
170. Nonviolent invasion# \3 S) W& N' F* w1 U9 Y
171. Nonviolent interjection' j: ?* D2 i9 ? Y- l
172. Nonviolent obstruction! Z0 H# K; k7 I) n
173. Nonviolent occupation" g$ n8 F- \! G [; Z
# x3 f- M0 V: w0 ]( u% h4 Z ^
Social Intervention
- C U9 i8 D7 N1 [ X7 N B 174. Establishing new social patterns5 k( B9 p" {7 _
175. Overloading of facilities# Z' C4 F3 B X! I% [
176. Stall-in) n; |7 o# o' O1 B; B2 _
177. Speak-in4 P4 x( r; _0 l
178. Guerrilla theater: E% a; U; b, s+ S
179. Alternative social institutions
$ X0 L% k& b$ V6 g 180. Alternative communication system# m _6 t5 t4 }. K( x! l
; t2 _# k% c: o- dEconomic Intervention7 j3 V( z6 C6 s# X* U* q* }* M
181. Reverse strike& R* Q* {1 O3 Z& R
182. Stay-in strike/ j6 q7 @+ E2 Q9 E: V- `
183. Nonviolent land seizure% R6 z, P2 W. _5 t
184. Defiance of blockades
* ]1 p { a* X6 c% P) m 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ B( K+ k% |# D1 \, f( K; k# B1 O 186. Preclusive purchasing
) b. I# c$ `) d" y) b. e# o 187. Seizure of assets0 i% V5 p0 f# _. ?
188. Dumping
6 D+ s2 w( n0 `: E' C0 S$ [; Q5 p$ l1 l 189. Selective patronage" J( c7 s# B \9 Z
190. Alternative markets
# \/ N: r: r/ Y) \, T 191. Alternative transportation systems
' y! }/ r) I7 f; d7 R/ I7 T: U" i 192. Alternative economic institutions% m1 q ] v! T2 L4 S& P
) _, T% \8 ?( K' NPolitical Intervention
: M' Q# O: j# `/ J2 y: Y 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) b# J8 {7 k+ n6 [4 S( s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, f/ Z7 y/ z9 W7 `( e 195. Seeking imprisonment
- a9 k3 I5 O- c7 s4 P2 i4 I 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ G9 F) g) z$ ~/ h; @
197. Work-on without collaboration* ?; x3 X/ u) |( D
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government i& l, O( L2 o
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
