 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ @$ K g$ `9 `* e- UFormal Statements
+ K. J3 G2 U) \0 _% t+ |) j 1. Public Speeches$ K7 W& G! N& @1 k; ~0 ]+ l
2. Letters of opposition or support2 m ~/ @1 x" F0 z/ X, n+ S
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 {- `% k/ l* E! ^( K( |
4. Signed public statements8 W. c3 i5 U* s7 y& d: m
5. Declarations of indictment and intention L0 \1 n7 H2 J ?
6. Group or mass petitions; W$ }7 \) }' c
# d/ \6 R8 R3 r6 WCommunications with a Wider Audience. ?( _" [- [0 E f( _4 d6 n; L
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' I3 q4 _6 ?0 V- i* a
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
( ~: V9 r( Z0 q( I& {5 Z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books3 h1 {8 r/ H& u- @, l
10. Newspapers and journals
! r" [! a r, O+ G( _4 r# T 11. Records, radio, and television
, I4 c5 P3 W* p$ ~* ^ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting: M1 @& @- S3 g4 ~. X, H
# ?9 Q' H% p' n8 Z1 ~" f" Y
Group Representations
% ]! c$ D2 s( v" G' j+ M F6 F 13. Deputations( @4 _9 d1 @9 g2 s
14. Mock awards1 |- D2 f# N# p" _1 s
15. Group lobbying
# n" q- ], _+ l- q8 B. K 16. Picketing
2 l, g$ J9 k6 K* |- n5 D8 b) q 17. Mock elections
/ x' }6 c% r4 g2 l4 I
& _ t7 ^+ J& `* ]3 J& u& b% l$ wSymbolic Public Acts
( d7 v& B3 e1 N( l7 w; C 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 S8 p, D1 q0 d2 s! F, i 19. Wearing of symbols, b- @. P1 a) J" ~2 q p
20. Prayer and worship
0 t, C7 u8 |) a z5 j. s1 l 21. Delivering symbolic objects
) J; r5 ^4 F+ H 22. Protest disrobings' D. A3 u" J! ~ U& Q) a' D N
23. Destruction of own property% B8 f8 W$ o; \" d# D& v
24. Symbolic lights
3 v8 ]. Q$ a$ ~/ ~+ Z% Y+ k 25. Displays of portraits
* r9 S/ {5 R" u 26. Paint as protest
& \' m( M1 n0 i V9 r% N 27. New signs and names
* N/ b+ n' Z {& P& k 28. Symbolic sounds2 s) V2 P: a4 O4 h
29. Symbolic reclamations" m5 {7 x, s/ \& Y2 w9 u
30. Rude gestures3 w2 g3 q; l1 @; _( U
: _$ b' n5 B9 V3 a9 w
Pressures on Individuals
$ ]5 f4 H3 {* W) o 31. “Haunting” officials$ ?9 e+ I' x ~: A0 e! \
32. Taunting officials1 S- a9 s4 \9 Z& s6 F p. P5 d
33. Fraternization: o; M* P+ H+ T6 e
34. Vigils P& q; j* ]) f
* p: |0 @" Z0 g0 oDrama and Music
3 d, X0 W% T3 u, B, `/ }! g" E; y6 Q& [ 35. Humorous skits and pranks$ [ Q/ y0 C' v: z: }' H! c
36. Performances of plays and music
7 H, f; Z+ i. W* G) ~1 o& p9 K 37. Singing
' H' `5 j2 }/ P3 o. }8 W( \. z1 T) y( g1 m
Processions- }$ F- n3 K$ j6 x; o% m: j, R
38. Marches
" t& `; M2 _0 }7 S% k 39. Parades! M. u, e8 L+ a# E t: k5 B
40. Religious processions2 p( h- I9 Z/ t" ~9 e7 Z" X7 a
41. Pilgrimages/ D. w x u* O+ Y4 A
42. Motorcades u) U2 [2 c6 g9 K
+ q8 h( f' p1 A* N( p
Honoring the Dead' g t. c, u! T/ r
43. Political mourning
, }4 O; A: T8 |" S 44. Mock funerals
; Q+ e# h! L2 L) n$ {) B5 i 45. Demonstrative funerals
6 v* e/ [& F% K3 \1 C$ W 46. Homage at burial places
- s9 u/ y. G$ D4 ?% u3 e
2 u/ l8 J/ f6 F; a8 k/ kPublic Assemblies
5 b+ h' t- b6 A; H7 N2 H. c5 m* k 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* r$ R: x. X5 U1 i 48. Protest meetings
* A/ o5 _& B& a 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 |9 _4 B* D7 s$ u7 J: q' h/ p2 x
50. Teach-ins' R" W8 T& Y& A& @4 u7 s
# l, b2 U7 K6 ~0 J _* @& a1 T
Withdrawal and Renunciation" N4 y; V3 b* \. D1 h
51. Walk-outs1 {7 M7 W9 ~2 ~6 M" p- R/ k
52. Silence
# i) P7 k2 F- M/ S/ h) G 53. Renouncing honors6 s% d; r+ H& z2 `% I: w1 ?) y3 E
54. Turning one’s back
# \5 K6 g# W- Q1 ?1 v4 ~
7 _6 I q/ N' _6 w! M
( H% _& u* e3 W \" H5 P+ D1 i9 t) ~2 z0 I' h- I6 o1 c7 U u
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
0 R. l2 n/ [7 q) Y' @1 V: N4 m. n2 v* Z6 s8 d
- h4 S- W# L5 A( Y8 g) i# b# b2 W6 @# G2 i
Ostracism of Persons
. |2 ~# C$ k! \2 W0 q8 a 55. Social boycott9 @, c9 X: w2 a6 ?9 k" {6 ?7 B- H# A- ~
56. Selective social boycott
; U2 d+ L6 q* Q4 e5 C* ?* V2 ] 57. Lysistratic nonaction8 ]4 n0 w p' e b( Z5 H% ]
58. Excommunication
% P/ V# v @" F; a& q 59. Interdict
9 Z/ F5 X, E9 ?0 ~( C/ m S+ a. A4 i3 I5 ^ @. W
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ s' e6 p. @( `, N# S- F* [
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 s4 z0 ~" \, @8 ~- U* H) e3 L 61. Boycott of social affairs- J$ f7 K! N' U+ [- X3 P
62. Student strike7 C0 B2 T }3 S9 k
63. Social disobedience: q' p( k1 ^. B; n0 g) N
64. Withdrawal from social institutions" M* m( S# j0 ~: N; H, e" i4 `+ ~
7 [' I: N( y. V, N1 U: x/ J7 o: w, f
Withdrawal from the Social System
* c8 D$ m& ~9 J; v1 E% x 65. Stay-at-home
% B# O* q+ @8 D3 }9 M: C 66. Total personal noncooperation
: y& y* ~8 t( V2 v. S: h 67. “Flight” of workers \% j8 W. |" s2 `" P& ]
68. Sanctuary
8 i, y$ j3 e2 \5 t H, _# B 69. Collective disappearance
8 b0 w* D/ c. ]7 B$ b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)( P2 b% t Q" i7 i! c% r7 O
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3 w, f3 K. ^+ k3 T4 vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 F3 i& u z. ?/ P" e. T
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* J! z2 s) Q# e' p, [' ?Actions by Consumers
; q4 |* U J1 P1 u! P 71. Consumers’ boycott8 v8 n6 S7 F* ^! Z3 E e' o
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 q6 U- Q' Q9 _
73. Policy of austerity
3 x8 T; f1 z A6 S. T G5 _ 74. Rent withholding
, H0 C! G) [. F 75. Refusal to rent
4 |- i2 R! k8 X7 f1 N4 i8 m 76. National consumers’ boycott# n5 V/ Z0 Q" u, ~" G6 q6 B
77. International consumers’ boycott3 [, f7 {! y, R ? y! v
4 E' ~' R+ _5 Q* b1 O2 K
Action by Workers and Producers- e ~* n9 F J- U4 r
78. Workmen’s boycott
8 a- n- a0 G; I6 E9 Q 79. Producers’ boycott0 g% r2 R: H$ _- A
5 M9 M1 x, V6 _& n: f
Action by Middlemen
8 x6 @, ]" i! z; E+ ? 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 q+ ?- ]4 i1 _2 Q& c
( F5 L: k4 F" R) V/ @Action by Owners and Management
$ L" L9 n% M$ R; j5 M9 E1 K 81. Traders’ boycott% s, m% k0 Y! |% ?# N. L
82. Refusal to let or sell property; N$ \3 N# Y3 X, d8 j# T3 Y s/ z' |
83. Lockout
& e8 T$ r2 }2 M# ^% B5 E9 E% D 84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 w) ^1 Q+ Q7 Q5 X& t! J5 ~5 x
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
3 T0 o5 x# U9 X4 r' a$ S0 y' t" Y0 C7 G* Z6 R
Action by Holders of Financial Resources: c# [& ?; d( p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" b+ Y. e1 S" a# ?
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! W- B: K+ ]0 c/ J) ~1 w: z: J
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: O; e% u. h: o6 b' [6 W. y 89. Severance of funds and credit5 \* S& E4 v: ]1 {, n- C
90. Revenue refusal
' Q- b |* u1 i2 S+ G8 e: u. I; C, g/ w 91. Refusal of a government’s money7 I: b3 r9 |; v* N
2 g9 Z8 j/ L/ d* u" h- @) J
Action by Governments) J) _ A w0 T e' k
92. Domestic embargo) i# X* K' q6 {9 A* P
93. Blacklisting of traders3 T6 z0 O2 {0 M* t' {
94. International sellers’ embargo' [7 \0 j+ k+ ?3 r/ @
95. International buyers’ embargo1 Z7 v' `/ o; b- {" Z' y8 D0 q; ?
96. International trade embargo
; f& C0 E, U2 Z3 L& U+ O
3 ?. Z$ }8 j; g4 @# ^ ' b2 s9 D. x1 G0 P$ T, e
$ N; T H6 H% J; X. n& mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
( L @8 @# N' C0 M2 s. P8 E) P2 s4 H) k7 r7 O
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Symbolic Strikes* P1 l0 P7 ]0 ~. ]
97. Protest strike
- s4 Y6 v: [# D' B' a- ^. v 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 Z" @, J- f" h/ ^3 M* X6 G# g0 O8 w% j
Agricultural Strikes, O. f+ `2 }, m
99. Peasant strike
* q4 ~- C4 c6 o Z" } 100. Farm Workers’ strike
9 E+ L& v& G2 |8 X6 B" _
" m* O) z* i, K0 b/ ?) NStrikes by Special Groups
+ r; P. {9 _/ d$ U$ o5 }$ K 101. Refusal of impressed labor. X3 ^( ]6 Q7 y! A8 l, T2 U
102. Prisoners’ strike7 Q3 U0 \2 ?& H( A! v& I; Q
103. Craft strike
3 c0 E! |: U: l& b9 R& Z- D 104. Professional strike
- b+ c. p, B3 E2 X! ~0 [! g5 j, R( A9 q* N' G9 R% F0 N
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
! z- P; f- D$ v* q) {" x 105. Establishment strike
. z9 q' y- O: |$ u0 k 106. Industry strike
W/ g2 G3 q2 w9 g% Z: z 107. Sympathetic strike7 l3 G1 J) f- J) Z }, x
9 f% ~9 T, d! C$ L8 @0 S7 PRestricted Strikes! K1 ^9 ?) j: k* e. P' o
108. Detailed strike
L0 }! [5 W5 D m" J; R% R 109. Bumper strike
# q% m( V5 D: S0 G$ B' f3 ~3 F 110. Slowdown strike1 H7 o/ w0 E9 Y0 l& a
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ F" O! i( U* D" ]. |$ ` 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- b. B0 B \) M I7 p1 b+ p
113. Strike by resignation
# D" [1 C( w4 D) h; A 114. Limited strike
0 L8 i0 s6 M0 B/ V- R 115. Selective strike
# l+ x3 S& N" k- j: A' O
8 r, L0 D0 e2 O+ h0 {Multi-Industry Strikes2 H( Y0 _/ e3 [( q6 P4 `% t: a
f9 u$ z9 m$ k5 N/ _, a
116. Generalized strike
- o2 s7 B" ?8 k4 a. I# F: @0 Q# c6 V0 T. }: V3 ]2 _ P/ D
117. General strike/ E) j* M/ O5 n" H7 _- S- ]0 {
+ F7 P+ D4 Q7 T( [
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures- Y/ W- a& t0 x# C8 [# z
. g8 r2 D3 s# Y
118. Hartal
5 Y$ {* ?. Z' M$ b. K) W) }# a
; ]9 P& X( c9 K0 b5 X 119. Economic shutdown( T& ?& h- G7 F( n$ [8 i8 X9 [
$ V4 b" Y" H. M1 b1 E7 V& L7 }1 ^9 [ * e3 v4 s; {" P' w, ]- O
' d5 B1 A1 R+ I7 K/ [ Z" \5 [THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION+ D& m- a& y- h2 Y# T( L2 m
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Rejection of Authority
]7 V5 x$ q5 P: V. w 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% q& y B6 Z" x3 E
121. Refusal of public support9 F# a b- n$ q2 ~
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- ]# ]3 f' ]" Z9 K+ w" T5 @9 Y0 F K( L2 F, j" y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ r$ k5 j! E3 `; [5 v
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
! m! R) d! Q" q( z0 L' ]& T4 F 124. Boycott of elections
1 o) K) L' a/ ] 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 E) `8 @" F! G5 W 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" C$ Y% a ~9 ?# u3 T/ n 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ A: n! @- |) j" t' {5 _- l
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 p c r+ E6 e/ v+ \
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
x8 e( `: o) ] s 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks0 p0 k& D. z/ Y! _8 c$ S( k
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
: I$ e+ n8 A) D6 r& D# k4 f1 i 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 {6 g1 ~( ?8 U1 [5 X1 b2 q) A4 ?' H% ^; q; h
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* R V9 B E7 L* U- x 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' T2 ^5 Y {- a: t; T 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ y+ n' D/ b( Y- _; `$ s" o 135. Popular nonobedience, E* W M. x0 Q; {6 n0 e
136. Disguised disobedience& ^- S( j/ S3 F0 A" n& `* l, g: R
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse. R2 S' }7 e$ c1 [7 h
138. Sitdown* l% ?- }# E8 ~( X7 q+ Q( ^
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation, Q. l+ a- a4 l6 t9 y8 G
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- j$ R2 M/ d* M6 v. {* v
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: _& H0 s. { t; F7 L, {
% o6 r t, r) Q
Action by Government Personnel
; J" d5 O Q, s; c9 [# K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; P$ }8 j/ O/ D# q) q3 L
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( i8 G/ V$ M5 ~" O G$ Y 144. Stalling and obstruction" D- y/ z4 M+ I
145. General administrative noncooperation
+ F9 ]( y. T' c2 C+ N
- ]1 B+ R5 W( x+ ^ 146. Judicial noncooperation# O* I. k* c! ^9 v
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" S* @7 [: b4 [% ~# h 148. Mutiny
4 t0 |- G! [( f4 \" x& }2 c+ WDomestic Governmental Action
$ ]; b! s ]6 ]; I8 x& a; K+ @ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: V' v* z9 J1 J4 d9 Q 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 E2 D7 `* `4 m) e) B& s1 _
+ z& k, G/ S5 `1 f4 m" {International Governmental Action
) a+ h7 g6 \& p/ H 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- q# X5 [7 r9 [& d* I, e 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 K7 a7 B0 A) Q2 |/ x
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) m8 e0 P1 q' \% _
154. Severance of diplomatic relations, O6 U; L2 u/ m5 Q" G$ _+ g9 e r4 V
155. Withdrawal from international organizations, L" q( ~" }3 E" v" Y2 j
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; w8 v$ O# v) Y$ W
157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 ]+ O, \% V# M& g3 c5 B& V$ }
. y; z$ a h+ M4 H
! x' j) a3 g; @% X1 M" U9 ?- ~1 v: P5 j- S5 Q4 w
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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/ _7 _8 D, s# O+ l. u0 s z! K1 \$ UPsychological Intervention
6 F* B+ Z, ~4 i* v 158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 p8 c4 G5 n" v 159. The fast
$ s; P8 }7 {$ E a) Fast of moral pressure5 M& R1 G+ D( P Q6 O" G
b) Hunger strike1 @; O# w( M$ v9 Q3 m: U
c) Satyagrahic fast+ x- j" k7 M# W0 W; g/ Z
160. Reverse trial
) M5 F/ [: a; W3 a& i9 o5 V& D 161. Nonviolent harassment# d3 R6 x8 K! a) {
' M9 m( I; n! @, z" t& N# f/ _
Physical Intervention& Y5 {8 v8 \$ z% u0 ]3 h7 R
162. Sit-in1 m" P8 Q* {: y5 y
163. Stand-in
- Q! c9 p# t& {* q' H7 e [2 ]6 h+ n 164. Ride-in
# V" F- _9 _6 w1 Y6 U! K 165. Wade-in( `( D4 b" C5 z/ R# i) T8 p
166. Mill-in! p j; X& ?5 ]/ B2 Y. A" X/ L5 x
167. Pray-in
+ N3 F+ Q7 J; a% B 168. Nonviolent raids1 ~' q* h ]) Q d6 q/ o# S; S
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 R8 L5 J" q9 \! |9 A 170. Nonviolent invasion- k2 N# ^# d" s9 i
171. Nonviolent interjection- z( g8 r% M1 Q x8 i! W" r0 _
172. Nonviolent obstruction2 W# ?# f7 `8 b4 l. h$ C. i' _
173. Nonviolent occupation9 U+ u/ ^; z# E; ]3 U$ ]# j. H
0 ~2 c: I7 z, K$ q8 j1 x9 USocial Intervention4 h$ L4 m; E$ W* M* {
174. Establishing new social patterns
% {1 i& U* j0 i; P9 ^ 175. Overloading of facilities
7 ]7 K/ p3 i; Y/ n: g4 e 176. Stall-in/ v/ L4 C( X3 O9 f' ^
177. Speak-in n6 B1 q4 {: u( B7 _/ E& z
178. Guerrilla theater
- t; L. X y( u8 f 179. Alternative social institutions: [) p* P2 g5 u& ?
180. Alternative communication system
( m0 L' y3 e3 s$ g3 c! @
8 X. Y4 ]+ }- A$ q9 ]6 }Economic Intervention1 u6 r- z+ Z' X F7 l$ s7 p
181. Reverse strike
# a9 F. U4 D3 j6 ` 182. Stay-in strike. G6 B. a: l( d: F& N; u k
183. Nonviolent land seizure
" r4 ?% n7 A- x" x& w 184. Defiance of blockades
7 V1 S* y% N& M' S/ n, e- J 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
* Y Z! e9 P' e+ F+ @$ u 186. Preclusive purchasing
: V6 U, w' l2 x 187. Seizure of assets+ V0 s. f, o0 a6 h) k& s4 R
188. Dumping
' T5 K" A# d( W 189. Selective patronage
: u2 p) N" B: j: G) l+ K 190. Alternative markets6 H2 o. X( n8 d" F6 ]9 [9 g
191. Alternative transportation systems
6 v* ~. v: o; A; t$ M1 H 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention
7 a, D2 q2 I( K$ L 193. Overloading of administrative systems+ O5 |- g) P) |" ^# }+ O
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) o% o4 \! v# p" `: Y$ m
195. Seeking imprisonment
6 ]7 Z5 W' b+ G8 e 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws }: }: w) J# H' M% R9 U
197. Work-on without collaboration0 {9 e5 F& c$ U$ @
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" t" Q9 J9 O3 G6 u& \" M# i
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
