 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! q6 F2 u1 p" N
Formal Statements
1 T. r6 S5 L u) d 1. Public Speeches
' H x% X! T2 c" \- v, Y e 2. Letters of opposition or support5 i$ {; D8 z9 j+ ?& U! n
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
1 g% Y% Y' q( B& Y/ J 4. Signed public statements3 G6 v! }/ w( Q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ |( R4 k6 f1 A) e3 H
6. Group or mass petitions
. u0 u% O) [% T5 K' O/ q, U
- P) _1 `7 G" c, Q4 B/ ~* t: BCommunications with a Wider Audience( u6 e4 ?, l5 b* p! S2 X
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 P( w% s6 O2 s0 W; w7 l! F' O 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* b1 f* M9 b2 I7 i" a7 g 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 Z1 l, i0 B7 `) b6 `. y: w 10. Newspapers and journals
) A" a# W% q+ k# S1 X& f 11. Records, radio, and television
3 X6 ^% Y6 z* M4 m$ P5 o: c, b 12. Skywriting and earthwriting* b7 i" H) A/ Q) j! ]/ u
7 z4 r7 G& |! h( L- C* Y
Group Representations8 X' E& Q1 t- Y! l3 @$ t4 ^
13. Deputations# x$ Q- S7 C3 R" P9 {
14. Mock awards6 R, |: a; l$ r" S
15. Group lobbying
: d# M' x- y% V" O: F; R1 M% t 16. Picketing% t- O% g0 ]: j
17. Mock elections
, M/ M* l! f! d8 ]& w- \3 R' x7 }/ S. q
Symbolic Public Acts
5 \+ V' h; p& F. } w 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors3 n( l' q, [. m- g) `% v! G9 I
19. Wearing of symbols
& K$ I+ b w5 }1 g4 A7 T: T 20. Prayer and worship
, N( y$ E/ i J, B" N 21. Delivering symbolic objects
) E/ h4 Z& V! S* o- L% G 22. Protest disrobings5 p4 q' ]" q+ _7 L, D$ L( I. o
23. Destruction of own property1 r! [ [3 Y5 u( x
24. Symbolic lights7 y7 X2 d* {7 s
25. Displays of portraits- O* T2 ~, q+ [2 a
26. Paint as protest w7 Z, Q" q8 W* z A9 d
27. New signs and names
# \+ k" G2 Q4 z 28. Symbolic sounds
' x+ K8 \' |0 Q5 v% Q% k 29. Symbolic reclamations7 B0 \0 t% M; y! G9 |, I
30. Rude gestures! q8 I9 | K+ {% d ]! K- A
; m2 ~1 E/ z& n& I5 V8 b
Pressures on Individuals. @& C8 Z, d& ~2 G; a
31. “Haunting” officials
R Q# x# n, E6 \& L 32. Taunting officials! K, c- E2 v4 ?& S
33. Fraternization M6 {* h' S) {# {1 ^ B5 n9 Y
34. Vigils# Q) O8 B9 e- A& J9 d
) A, R) }. u1 }' A/ R* P- A7 b
Drama and Music
5 k+ ]0 M2 l9 h, d! t8 | 35. Humorous skits and pranks4 z: K: Y- G! q
36. Performances of plays and music! o O I- o0 F
37. Singing( [# {& d" G- f, Z: o- u
6 S* B" X3 F' ~( G1 o! ~! V
Processions) a0 s( P5 m* r
38. Marches
0 Y8 I& I+ i7 } 39. Parades
1 }9 J+ h" r0 [0 c6 k/ { 40. Religious processions
: ]: D9 j% s/ ]8 D; N# t+ ~ 41. Pilgrimages
" g- M$ W; Q( s" Y7 i4 ? 42. Motorcades
3 u' x5 a9 B1 s( c6 c R/ g% C4 F& _- {3 U7 @, l- m
Honoring the Dead
7 \( ~+ F! S- L- \# U% m: l% o 43. Political mourning; ^& D, m1 ^2 a2 Z& w9 G" y. b" w$ J
44. Mock funerals; j# D6 s/ r" `, w& ^: T @
45. Demonstrative funerals
8 E0 E: h1 H: i. M7 G$ m/ R 46. Homage at burial places. N; W9 }% ~; T7 c5 ?7 q
6 f; H6 J% _! t& R$ q9 C
Public Assemblies' t! s6 q8 m+ _! K' D: |
47. Assemblies of protest or support) G2 L1 B1 W8 M. }' x$ |$ [
48. Protest meetings7 P2 M% T& Z! @
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
. p+ i+ b- f( z) |. c 50. Teach-ins
" t( ], s" |- k8 n
3 U5 M# U2 Y- U4 T) ]2 i; P: R# FWithdrawal and Renunciation
6 r# Y# j& w" ` 51. Walk-outs% R5 p O9 `6 U8 f; E8 h/ T4 K
52. Silence
3 F. f0 L. D Q3 a% U% h 53. Renouncing honors
; O5 @, K& ~8 v7 @$ [0 w 54. Turning one’s back& V( t5 S& b3 c! w
2 T( |& Z9 t& Y 3 {" B( t6 ^5 Q2 {7 H2 M- N$ l
e( ~5 l/ \$ j3 n+ ?( ]THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ @6 k' J c0 ^/ L8 n: _9 q8 {: }
) `7 e7 L# o; m; ~; @
, Y, ]0 C8 r, `' Z3 A- i2 _3 y0 K |0 L7 q
Ostracism of Persons7 W) L; L1 [' W* K
55. Social boycott
: ]9 M7 t0 K! Y, o 56. Selective social boycott5 F$ a. E& L; B; @
57. Lysistratic nonaction/ H/ F* l( ?4 a
58. Excommunication) f) {3 Y' ?3 j: i
59. Interdict7 M6 J3 Z: s, O# k8 y( v
% T- w9 S# O5 tNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- Q3 I2 v [' U 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- [/ s _" ^0 p M" o 61. Boycott of social affairs: {6 M1 s- Y# N' N8 Y
62. Student strike
; _& d5 F# w4 ]* Z 63. Social disobedience
' B D' Q9 O% q6 J2 x/ ? 64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 O+ m3 g g4 S6 u3 h; A0 A
! ~7 X1 s" t# s6 y v- l# H
Withdrawal from the Social System
8 v3 x4 o* [4 Y v- ^6 r 65. Stay-at-home
' j* G" p9 m5 Z) E6 L 66. Total personal noncooperation
7 n- w& q" Z" m: y 67. “Flight” of workers8 t- z8 V9 x. Y, m h
68. Sanctuary- \5 b% s" a* w5 B$ B$ Z
69. Collective disappearance
7 X! @' R# j. @$ m 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
$ D& q2 }. \) A- R5 N; W# I1 P i! ?# k- w; j
5 Y+ [+ A! t7 h; G
6 v$ Q# S1 W2 o/ H' xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 r9 o* P+ `* f
6 L" O$ O$ K2 }2 Q : c% o j' U1 D) u ~
Actions by Consumers
1 o1 x( y0 l! I. x 71. Consumers’ boycott8 g4 c& G1 f" H3 n
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 @7 s; _$ e* S8 v8 k8 B
73. Policy of austerity# y: F& K7 F( B9 l
74. Rent withholding
! w, O& o2 [8 K) z. T 75. Refusal to rent
* @0 m5 H% K9 H* w- m+ f6 w 76. National consumers’ boycott
7 b& a+ |( ^) k 77. International consumers’ boycott5 P: c% l1 ~8 @& u6 @0 o) {; z
4 y" l3 j' C4 C0 ?/ U w' sAction by Workers and Producers
) z, N, y$ Y. ]6 X: e 78. Workmen’s boycott- H7 a8 r6 d$ A9 P8 S
79. Producers’ boycott% U' n# c1 ?+ m- Y
T$ k: g& L3 {. eAction by Middlemen
/ h& Q: n& A7 j! Q# P2 e: ^' x+ H& z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott' L2 \9 I1 M; o: T; b6 b$ J" i8 B4 \
( A1 p2 I* ^6 d" X6 P5 c! U4 d. w9 KAction by Owners and Management+ l( P6 b# l4 b" x& i) m H! B
81. Traders’ boycott& \4 S& f+ D7 d6 P" R' }
82. Refusal to let or sell property
) c. d0 ^6 g4 c1 U9 o 83. Lockout
3 R( ]! q: ]- L 84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ P: F6 c' b' x* ^6 `
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' Q) K- ~' }7 M5 v+ O
4 F5 Y9 [- @" U8 o. F5 K4 OAction by Holders of Financial Resources Q5 d+ S: V9 u! \, F) o1 f7 \! M8 z
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits# s _' Q9 I V- B. [5 J+ r' B) ~' ]
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 Q! E/ I& I& H8 h
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest% D) j3 ~5 A& j' Y( t
89. Severance of funds and credit
! l$ l" ~- r8 ]; O" {4 A 90. Revenue refusal, C$ n: ~6 v' d6 l
91. Refusal of a government’s money" L. ^: m; N d$ k- g' c( b
: w9 x$ P% [, p7 D: @ m: TAction by Governments
* _ d6 A3 j9 S! `9 }+ T 92. Domestic embargo
5 z/ A& [1 L7 L( K 93. Blacklisting of traders
" n, a5 C* L' g" ]/ E7 @ 94. International sellers’ embargo
9 Q# Z, L% b: r" D9 U; v$ y4 E! C 95. International buyers’ embargo
3 [6 U% m2 I5 K7 c: r1 ? 96. International trade embargo
" i$ f" b) |! z/ p7 f
6 F S2 w- O! C& K
, ]% \; B! e6 V8 B" ?% T8 ?) e8 B; ]. Y% H w
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
! Q2 s3 @: _/ d4 Q3 ^
( X, J: G3 R1 W( t' U' m0 E
- c. W4 O, Z" j* |3 F( ySymbolic Strikes& |' A5 v/ F5 V$ m- U
97. Protest strike
: v9 D' H' [- s9 S6 ? 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 Q# x. h7 _3 @" M7 j1 ^
+ @; }7 y: {: v4 Q! y* I) c& PAgricultural Strikes
& d. @# z" E L4 }6 \ U$ _/ M 99. Peasant strike
+ B, ?5 U7 [7 c# l 100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 n; H$ F% F& P+ M% [: \2 P
n6 B0 [4 h$ ^% n- [; eStrikes by Special Groups. x% K O Y9 Y. Z. o# D, @
101. Refusal of impressed labor
[9 p- e+ J! _ q g: y 102. Prisoners’ strike
* ]- W& K8 y* w$ r8 A+ D 103. Craft strike+ \2 d! g' `. N& Z, b) q
104. Professional strike
( Q4 I' [- U9 J0 o; g6 S4 q0 o) c- D( D- O7 T
Ordinary Industrial Strikes) b! Z M3 r1 g8 Z# C5 N3 B
105. Establishment strike5 E) K3 L+ O. {" O3 g! \5 @7 ?
106. Industry strike
2 U* Z$ B3 _: A& M% O& m2 |, F 107. Sympathetic strike
+ w. P2 |2 Y" P# w$ k) i8 s
5 A; p& f4 F( vRestricted Strikes
+ t% z: c$ f3 X, H- Y5 r 108. Detailed strike# ?8 z G, {$ O2 v+ y$ F2 b6 C
109. Bumper strike% v. t! z" z8 F4 g2 i
110. Slowdown strike2 U; S: N( p A
111. Working-to-rule strike
5 y/ H1 K" S8 W; d5 ~ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): f" F C6 u( p' P1 u
113. Strike by resignation, T+ K) Q' o* H' d0 b# u2 n
114. Limited strike
9 G% ^, k$ t% t' ^2 M/ V, F6 c, R 115. Selective strike+ g# Q; N6 v6 c6 F
1 Y$ b" Y8 _, f3 n+ tMulti-Industry Strikes0 p5 N7 o8 w" l% R
1 u/ T4 h. m/ P, q8 [6 I$ E: g1 T$ d+ i 116. Generalized strike
8 {) e# p. P' p& F/ K( t# b5 K5 F8 `3 A( H4 v
117. General strike
; i3 H$ P! C6 x$ V) K8 ]
$ v4 N# `) e c; E6 SCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures b, G- f! s) r7 k6 V' q0 K7 }5 S
6 ~8 a( X5 H- q& v, N0 d: e
118. Hartal, i5 F3 t. D6 G( a2 x
9 x6 }: n& |& o, r% x( [ 119. Economic shutdown
# a8 J/ K! v; R: _/ D7 V4 w% ]5 Y
; j3 J8 S* R6 ~ ( |3 `* } g5 t. p/ a7 q
! @ M `/ ]. l+ M+ ~1 TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
+ c- U. A5 a) h* c9 Z$ I
' r) g- H. f \/ S& R g : U/ d; L( N6 f( x2 `, f% j6 Z; O+ e
Rejection of Authority( \8 u% n+ n% z" r2 Y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: ]+ k. ^ v0 g) {2 A9 T 121. Refusal of public support
- z# N, ]' x- h1 ?9 x2 b# S 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 n2 @* w8 I7 u- f U! @* i4 r8 X3 j, e7 X
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) {* f8 N9 [( e5 {9 L+ R; ? 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& ~" ?6 R6 a3 B% G8 S/ I! P 124. Boycott of elections
/ _- g0 Y, T+ g) q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 t. X3 i, d, H; K
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 O5 |$ {5 A, o1 q4 Z) ^7 H( T 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 q" W" n6 h. M* Z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, f7 J( J3 @& d' y
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" Q5 v8 @- h1 x- v3 B
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 r4 u9 y0 Q% ]9 |6 \) _ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' p% m0 X+ ]& ?
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 J( q/ [) C$ T% A( Z$ N7 R
8 I9 S3 B, A' `0 w$ h4 L3 q8 L; l
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 P3 u o' ~& `% c
133. Reluctant and slow compliance- |* n; M& Q% X U, o9 X9 O3 x
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 G* \2 Y3 ^( r2 t+ J9 J; s M
135. Popular nonobedience& U; N, y; i8 ]# |; g
136. Disguised disobedience
; A7 e1 b- s1 D. _ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" y+ Y! X2 R. j/ S 138. Sitdown9 n D' F! u. i Z/ `3 `0 N
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) ?# D" t; G/ F+ ^
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) f" F% B* p9 k0 r7 b
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' D' s0 q1 k, b, ~* J# G( D$ o! V$ C4 ^; C& B
Action by Government Personnel. N/ D% c7 C. A; t/ E0 g" P
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; j: @; w( y$ v$ i/ E) s! S
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 l: w% P b$ l, \ 144. Stalling and obstruction1 Y3 Q D2 B6 T8 |2 C( B
145. General administrative noncooperation1 T5 @! R$ h s! q. z. F
5 U/ w- P' c) w0 b 146. Judicial noncooperation
* r5 y6 F) p6 l, E 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% H8 s, G/ t. j, T: g7 N" k4 R7 I3 K 148. Mutiny0 d$ Z3 L3 C' m. j) V v
Domestic Governmental Action
( q- T8 U3 r. I5 x; B2 q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# ~& G# j" Q5 I( C/ ^) p5 G/ F 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ V9 Y- Z9 E! z& S
1 M# l9 {! C) ^* ?' AInternational Governmental Action. \( j+ W9 j: |1 p* z
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) }- Z9 z4 Y" X& Z: W# T% t
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events& ^- L+ @$ k* W) f0 I
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition0 K3 x; G/ }1 `0 x
154. Severance of diplomatic relations I( |3 m4 I/ X! t g/ v' _) Q
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 p6 P( |6 k4 E' [$ ] 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 F% B- p, A. F$ a9 ` 157. Expulsion from international organizations! l' l4 T C) a: O
/ W2 X* ]' _- S5 o, c& u6 j
5 ~' P7 ~/ b. y$ A2 I; G" \/ P
# F! x8 Y H; z2 M. {: Z+ u
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 S4 i* @( k# R5 ~ b
9 y U: d8 {# K/ }" \ - g$ c; r, A9 l0 D
Psychological Intervention0 S. |0 P' B. q2 f8 `' P" u
158. Self-exposure to the elements
* g# B0 j2 }. M& m' @) Z+ g6 Z 159. The fast3 s2 q; n1 ~' k: X
a) Fast of moral pressure/ `* z- n- O2 X0 {' s ~
b) Hunger strike: _5 ]; \- Q+ d9 e
c) Satyagrahic fast
. {& @. j e* w2 r, A4 L) t 160. Reverse trial. e1 u* L( P/ a9 i1 ~4 S
161. Nonviolent harassment
3 @7 X& G+ A% g: J: T: F8 s# ^
% \: ]5 p8 q- _Physical Intervention$ j1 }! b( w d: X
162. Sit-in
; t3 |3 x2 q) x 163. Stand-in
! A6 N4 U+ \, z9 Y4 V4 B p 164. Ride-in* d |5 [+ G4 }
165. Wade-in2 |0 x; Y$ J- F3 u. J/ C/ ]
166. Mill-in
; k/ Y6 p! V& f! A% f k 167. Pray-in! X# h3 d/ F( X% ^; {
168. Nonviolent raids9 \' [' K( J6 r6 o# V
169. Nonviolent air raids
2 C6 c+ N: I7 ~, k/ w8 W 170. Nonviolent invasion4 F* a, M* O |& ]5 _4 d( H: S% n2 A
171. Nonviolent interjection
6 P, o1 b; {3 I! m7 d$ k! W, G 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 H( _) r' ~: \8 R2 m1 m
173. Nonviolent occupation
$ K7 ^* n1 n/ y& O
6 L/ i% J- L8 ~+ _Social Intervention
- |) j' V# [1 d, I' {' u 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 g- `. U4 Y+ g* O 175. Overloading of facilities; [/ [2 K+ Y) T6 }' y$ ^/ k
176. Stall-in) B1 k9 J" Q0 k; C$ O
177. Speak-in+ M4 A8 }* e9 B. k% s/ P8 v, K
178. Guerrilla theater
: p4 Q0 {) K' Q5 @# Y 179. Alternative social institutions: Q5 X0 b4 A; c! U
180. Alternative communication system
/ Z" i6 ~; o6 v7 k9 U+ T! s( C L0 w
, K, c$ g, \' N# V( K7 i9 VEconomic Intervention2 Y, ]8 x3 z4 n6 g* l$ T O5 ]% u$ `
181. Reverse strike# J# c1 }! _% h2 I* q$ R& v3 ~! x
182. Stay-in strike
' v+ i! d3 J% b9 ^+ s 183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 l8 _, i4 Y5 O* r( } 184. Defiance of blockades9 \' \0 h7 l4 n0 \6 _
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. p' v. J/ V( Q
186. Preclusive purchasing+ O* r8 y% v0 U$ X8 a D
187. Seizure of assets* d$ C' K" q8 D A5 P6 H. Q
188. Dumping
$ Y5 x; o7 Q1 e" E& h. ? 189. Selective patronage
$ F B, [/ r4 `$ G+ J1 I( Y 190. Alternative markets9 h1 Y5 t: b8 F( ]' P
191. Alternative transportation systems
6 I% F1 o! o4 ?0 W: ~ 192. Alternative economic institutions
+ m. N% h$ i- m. }) J ]
; D4 Z6 x8 ~( R, C0 tPolitical Intervention2 @7 I3 L0 y0 Z3 l8 W
193. Overloading of administrative systems
! C1 u' A6 R7 z( R8 Y& n& ] 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( \% u" A( R8 _! ]/ X
195. Seeking imprisonment
' `; R! H k; M+ l0 o* j/ v 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* X! c3 V) M5 Q* l! R1 [
197. Work-on without collaboration
4 o5 Q& ?8 P1 A9 W8 X 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, U7 Y1 d: Z: d7 c
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
