 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, l6 y! `. U+ h* k" f) U/ ZFormal Statements
5 L! ?0 o' _# b) ^9 ~1 e 1. Public Speeches
2 j, a7 ]& @$ T( R" x 2. Letters of opposition or support6 }' |" O6 _. w- b' ^
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
9 L% [; u L2 ?9 M% ]- [" M 4. Signed public statements
+ X' |( X b/ g7 `1 W& d. W7 O 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% y n0 @; [ O; E 6. Group or mass petitions. Z5 [, Y. h6 D% e' n
. X0 u% n# K. L7 y7 s
Communications with a Wider Audience
* i5 J! }* S, H* L$ ?: R 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; i5 \4 u$ n' ?# x7 y 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% s# `; _" u* Z- z- p 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 a+ F) h, X' b' C' i3 ?! x$ w. V 10. Newspapers and journals) s3 ~6 p- W& [3 L. [8 Y
11. Records, radio, and television1 v) O2 ^8 p( b# p
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" }' f6 E+ b! o$ C5 P
$ Y. J* T$ w/ H" {' L8 ?
Group Representations
! j& o8 ]$ h' P. k% C 13. Deputations
! x5 _ l' u" A; j5 @- {0 k 14. Mock awards
I& e0 I6 j _9 n1 f8 A$ y# c 15. Group lobbying
Z; k" S: v' A2 F# w" y 16. Picketing
% d7 W% m$ S/ `6 y8 M 17. Mock elections
0 i d ?, y9 t$ M: @
8 G4 ^# G9 \4 q" C% F% a6 \Symbolic Public Acts0 ~% j% F& V3 k+ w) k
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) q' h/ M# ~% l% f. |, G+ Z
19. Wearing of symbols0 V: `. W W M! V/ t
20. Prayer and worship1 a6 o4 V/ `% Q4 R n" U
21. Delivering symbolic objects. ]' D$ C% A! ~6 A( P$ \- ~
22. Protest disrobings6 Y& W3 Z3 g5 l c+ L* d
23. Destruction of own property, {* v' P C7 k$ b' d5 j& j3 B
24. Symbolic lights5 d! T% ~ Z- ^, b$ c
25. Displays of portraits
/ Q* v9 V" s6 {- g$ [3 f 26. Paint as protest5 ]9 F) T. X, p+ B u9 F
27. New signs and names% C8 ^$ V& L) K# T% C" ?
28. Symbolic sounds
: W9 _$ |* z) w# x7 B. [0 {/ E# C 29. Symbolic reclamations) c7 C7 f; w3 h# L
30. Rude gestures
9 O/ u- v" \: z8 _6 i }3 z+ @0 P0 l$ s: p
Pressures on Individuals
6 b0 X' v% ?+ D5 Q) J0 [2 R( C 31. “Haunting” officials7 B! V! O6 m- ?) `* _1 {
32. Taunting officials
- E7 H% ^2 Z" }6 R2 ]1 N j6 P0 W 33. Fraternization& S3 A4 F1 B+ Z" I$ }2 X
34. Vigils
8 f8 D4 M( ^7 s/ `+ t9 z# w
8 T, Y2 |! q4 E& ~8 u* {/ w% }4 Z7 \, zDrama and Music) c( d4 I# \1 d' i
35. Humorous skits and pranks
& D+ C& q7 O, q1 I# K3 l 36. Performances of plays and music
( x; |& q9 R, D" f+ R! P0 v Q- x 37. Singing
- N/ X6 F. f- [& L# L |; U
9 r' G" D' L; ?/ i, L9 UProcessions
6 \3 K8 \4 c# S( p9 c3 W. s 38. Marches
5 Z0 S: w0 P3 R6 P5 ~ 39. Parades
) X2 a' r) ~8 M+ W# r 40. Religious processions
/ ?% g4 b/ `. J 41. Pilgrimages& ~/ {+ Q& L; z ~' }0 g! y8 X4 B% z
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead. f! d) w' W# p. N& b6 m
43. Political mourning* @) _; `$ A3 U
44. Mock funerals
4 b& G3 _9 F4 B. _6 r% e2 e 45. Demonstrative funerals
4 T# W+ f q( M3 ~% p0 X5 r* H 46. Homage at burial places9 P1 t8 D! L. Q
8 U/ u& q2 z6 {7 d6 G5 F' T8 Q; {
Public Assemblies F. q$ A9 f+ K" E1 J
47. Assemblies of protest or support6 ^8 Q/ U' G2 `6 c) @: E1 \# ^3 {
48. Protest meetings4 s1 I: @+ N0 v w) y
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
* }" z; N7 H2 v' r0 N5 Q5 ] 50. Teach-ins
: C" _3 ^# s4 h: _& u4 {1 Z4 S' `: Y7 n9 z
Withdrawal and Renunciation/ c3 `4 ^0 ?+ `# j, t
51. Walk-outs
8 I; c5 c) ~) G0 f Z3 K% S* ~ 52. Silence
\, v7 R: S; m, Y 53. Renouncing honors4 H. ?/ x+ u2 P' ? p+ e: s; f( X
54. Turning one’s back
N" }6 f& ^) z; N& C
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0 l/ e( Q" }4 Z4 e [) L& oTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( c3 b+ `5 x0 n h/ G6 W; N b
N9 i/ d9 E8 t+ k! R1 U
1 }/ r, F- s% }+ F0 l7 _, w: ^) e
Ostracism of Persons6 S: D9 c/ C k& m
55. Social boycott3 U( q. i7 \! Y: a: S& ^# N
56. Selective social boycott, Z! A' C. T8 F; |% c+ O0 _) |! c; k
57. Lysistratic nonaction1 y B" X' m5 G# R% G- W0 ?' W
58. Excommunication2 W: |7 O3 E _/ u- h
59. Interdict3 i" E+ _ ~( D
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) J/ V }; p* m$ x2 B5 y9 `+ y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 K& v( P" P- t 61. Boycott of social affairs" `& x7 j& N& ~
62. Student strike
9 ^# g3 q" A9 b2 A6 _2 P% G; K 63. Social disobedience
2 y5 m/ E( ^0 `# @ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
r) S' S( p1 w
" G- b; {6 M6 BWithdrawal from the Social System
4 p" X) W/ p U& f. r) p( f 65. Stay-at-home
. F! E# T! B2 _9 E8 ] 66. Total personal noncooperation ~3 o# L- y# I9 O" Q: ]# _# `
67. “Flight” of workers3 i5 F, a Z# ?& e P
68. Sanctuary
. H$ I: k/ B" |/ w0 c8 u 69. Collective disappearance& N$ W) O/ `8 M6 p
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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" \2 Z3 ~ G6 vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; U9 k/ D* n- m. F' S
' g& i, D9 C0 j& ], X
9 Z+ m: x, U: D. E9 x" BActions by Consumers
) ^. ?+ q% x, X( D( ~ 71. Consumers’ boycott
' {! t9 J' ]1 E 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods% ~$ H8 `% {, J) O b5 u. G' r
73. Policy of austerity0 R4 O0 P+ }( h, ^$ }1 }
74. Rent withholding+ F$ M$ c% [, O$ s) Y# |/ |
75. Refusal to rent4 H" j7 r9 }! v P6 C2 \" h
76. National consumers’ boycott- t- }8 r* {8 L( O/ x: E
77. International consumers’ boycott
+ C# g& e9 X- k7 @# o F$ d8 r5 e, X8 Z
Action by Workers and Producers/ d/ D: X. K( k- i6 L
78. Workmen’s boycott; n' T/ F& c/ d" m
79. Producers’ boycott3 N) A" y k2 p1 n) e
9 d1 E2 o5 Q5 H: u7 X+ YAction by Middlemen
; }: o7 q. c4 a9 K2 N( U- @ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: L$ h6 c/ f W& |+ C, f( y+ Q4 f
Action by Owners and Management5 m3 B5 }/ C& X( e* w
81. Traders’ boycott
9 f! O1 X: t. m. m 82. Refusal to let or sell property- l) n7 A7 q* Q& r7 m6 a
83. Lockout: L! g% b& P) V8 Z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 ]) P6 `5 g# f7 q( S$ J
85. Merchants’ “general strike”! b9 y7 ]% Q7 w& w& g
& o. T5 m8 @( A, |
Action by Holders of Financial Resources( z) z! C8 s; @- U4 g
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits R# I f( N; s
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, s C2 q9 A8 g& y; G$ i! M! G
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 I$ S& @- ^+ X' g, h! T# {4 U/ D 89. Severance of funds and credit( ]7 u4 }+ h/ w: w* _2 S
90. Revenue refusal: l6 ]0 J( P- r/ A
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments9 b/ E) Y4 I( P+ D% t
92. Domestic embargo+ q4 P3 |2 ?# O+ Q
93. Blacklisting of traders
7 u# o `5 L, j* v% t 94. International sellers’ embargo
. d1 k- m$ P, {2 I% L: R6 n 95. International buyers’ embargo8 s! l9 J9 D& M! B1 x M
96. International trade embargo6 K: G: [+ \% h$ V' l) A
+ n' ]2 N$ A; k( Z& B
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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5 H& j# A& q E# M4 \8 J * h5 w I0 z! L# v4 K2 C$ U' h$ |
Symbolic Strikes
4 x# }' Q2 ~1 Z# [, s {8 q 97. Protest strike
% n, |3 |. x& p) G1 `( T 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% K& G7 ?$ n. W x- W$ T8 b5 m
8 S; P7 E4 v. `7 P/ Z$ l' M5 ~Agricultural Strikes
' ^- M1 ^- u4 N 99. Peasant strike
/ N& S! V! a/ t. r 100. Farm Workers’ strike2 G5 e5 D! z3 _1 b# j; F" x
! S7 f2 w" b/ d( {
Strikes by Special Groups
, @/ f1 S. p! a& x! }' ~ 101. Refusal of impressed labor/ \/ L+ d& i T9 E
102. Prisoners’ strike+ c, [- p1 b- {0 k6 J
103. Craft strike
1 `- n- J7 W6 ~3 x 104. Professional strike, X0 }" B- ]* w2 P
2 F, e- h R8 _. T2 y7 L; z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes) H" P- Q* v! Q" n5 h; Y
105. Establishment strike" q0 F( V- p5 J; I- W" K3 Z
106. Industry strike- `, K% k7 \* z
107. Sympathetic strike8 E- S' x- q+ u
0 T: e5 j* U% _9 j
Restricted Strikes5 [- \$ H3 l5 x! d7 `! c
108. Detailed strike- D9 L2 p6 q, N9 I
109. Bumper strike
$ l k, X/ ]& V! D 110. Slowdown strike: @4 H, V2 k4 P# e: D3 C9 _
111. Working-to-rule strike
6 C8 Q' f/ k: N, o 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' U2 p# U+ e b3 o! t* N 113. Strike by resignation
$ D. l P: `' `7 i9 o# s 114. Limited strike0 [$ Y- C1 P% n& P' W- F/ g
115. Selective strike
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7 K* }. W5 h+ N% U0 b& }# tMulti-Industry Strikes9 n3 o s9 C" L) b. Y
+ [9 h7 H9 m# p( } 116. Generalized strike
' s$ }5 A" K, ~- o; @8 U f, A: I$ z
117. General strike( X) s5 o: `, D2 I) Z
D2 v1 F1 ]4 B
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 w6 F9 G% g6 w/ @
# ] c4 ?6 D& p, Q 118. Hartal
" _# o8 }" Z! g
1 V& d. }) Y6 c+ n+ N 119. Economic shutdown* G! h, e+ q$ n3 W
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6 O" b- `; h1 N9 ~/ v% L# l
+ D3 t5 [2 ^6 a6 u/ b' ]+ h) r
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
& K8 x$ F- e5 B. _5 f0 j 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* o" U" h8 w1 P! X! a0 N; O' `
121. Refusal of public support; y! G" @+ Q2 o* L4 }
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( Z4 U, V" y2 U; y
) l! p, \" U; t% L& ^( A2 Q4 yCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government K$ B; W: \% L5 n7 N9 Q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ \# u% b: w, I5 t8 L, f
124. Boycott of elections* _6 J+ p, w v) w( }. M q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ m8 z* S! I; p5 A; [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: V' a7 k7 [3 X9 t
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
S6 X1 @: e8 |( D5 r 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations l" J3 r( A h, Y Y8 l4 _$ V
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* Z1 e$ d/ l, K: R
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! M1 T$ u8 X( f, r" I6 n4 z$ L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: ?6 o8 U0 R/ j* G! F; L
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& V% x1 |3 R4 N% A
: z; t9 U& I& MCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* G+ G3 A) d/ R. X
133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 |9 d/ v* _# p% U
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, F+ f4 X) d' B% t; M7 j
135. Popular nonobedience( L/ }+ P/ \) Y
136. Disguised disobedience
( W- W( x" |" K6 u- g7 L* S 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
0 n2 M. e/ k8 t, |8 @ 138. Sitdown. s4 x7 B- q1 H' h* [2 J' b9 I
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation( I9 G4 Q% O5 V, A9 L& R# r
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ K9 P2 n: e4 w9 T
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
* A) Y6 Q( k# s# S& o2 u2 p; D: G b( t# g, W( A
Action by Government Personnel
' c9 T2 ~% x* D2 t# X% h0 X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 f5 O( T2 F" t" n+ Z$ W 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 E2 l- a( e; B$ M- A! s 144. Stalling and obstruction
- B& M# p/ W5 ?7 y: E4 y+ ? 145. General administrative noncooperation
4 U% R+ R4 F { |# ]
+ M7 q( b$ x* ]6 j% |+ u) R3 A1 N 146. Judicial noncooperation( o: t3 S6 y+ v/ J" ?. C: X {
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# A& l. [+ W0 h) i 148. Mutiny; y) D+ \2 L. g- |) q
Domestic Governmental Action
3 O- T y( P2 l* x- y 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ P9 h/ O7 p5 n4 n6 X 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
J" { z S7 ^% n X
z( e& v' o9 R1 b$ gInternational Governmental Action3 e0 S6 d* K# O! Y
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 k. D5 `7 O, m$ O% _3 V
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 X+ i+ \, o7 T' C7 J. m+ e7 q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 G1 t& l4 e, M$ L) @
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 b) c0 j) t. P# x+ u 155. Withdrawal from international organizations' o" z$ G- z/ I: k( j" y( n
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 }+ R7 }. M6 R( i
157. Expulsion from international organizations4 g/ T- ]9 B5 V
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9 g Q& n' t) {* LTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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* x) j f" D6 H* gPsychological Intervention
3 Q& W! w% Z# N9 f 158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 S/ n; f2 B' C3 j+ N 159. The fast
8 {5 x2 @# \& y, c) d6 k, L) V a) Fast of moral pressure
5 f' R i3 Q5 M; T" J b) Hunger strike
3 _8 {) U& B0 f; O: V( ? K+ ^ c) Satyagrahic fast% a; [. m) P3 A4 t! U7 q6 L
160. Reverse trial+ p& Z9 ~* ` g p# \$ p
161. Nonviolent harassment- Q* L6 c' T: D3 {1 F; L
* i' S# D7 Q: a( I* OPhysical Intervention( q% u) g! }" m
162. Sit-in
# O. c6 I; X& D- R# [% z3 C8 f2 | p 163. Stand-in
$ k8 ?% Z$ |* L, G. h1 p( _) q& ]7 f 164. Ride-in/ @6 B0 P* q4 q4 v4 b
165. Wade-in
- w9 h" ^/ [# ?) P1 q 166. Mill-in+ {+ I3 z5 j( I* U% g
167. Pray-in
+ z% H1 W% Z/ ]9 s: f% h 168. Nonviolent raids, e: }/ a, h6 k& p [# ~
169. Nonviolent air raids1 G4 I/ o" A! U( E+ M
170. Nonviolent invasion9 A0 ?1 W1 T8 a5 y) \8 c4 e
171. Nonviolent interjection9 P1 n3 q; T: B. ^% \1 W
172. Nonviolent obstruction6 @4 `% g0 n0 @ L% l* O
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention3 g1 Y/ V( \. g, ?; r
174. Establishing new social patterns
% k; W4 N# J( q8 D7 n( { 175. Overloading of facilities& X- \% [& L6 s5 E& s; A6 r
176. Stall-in
# X' f( m; C& f7 v; |, ?+ f 177. Speak-in
! v1 {7 v H5 S% D+ @5 t1 k 178. Guerrilla theater
1 `' j6 x- k( g 179. Alternative social institutions
7 p, U! z) [) p- R/ I3 K- k$ ^ 180. Alternative communication system
8 b( o ^3 n+ G; A( I2 |5 s
' p# S) N" W5 o. m! _/ a! iEconomic Intervention4 |4 d& c+ |, K- A
181. Reverse strike
4 j3 m E3 w# w g 182. Stay-in strike4 G+ |0 P3 |* U2 r9 O& x
183. Nonviolent land seizure
& x+ D5 T4 J) y( }5 m! [* l 184. Defiance of blockades3 y! ~/ i" L1 E1 @3 z
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
Y: y8 Q5 J( V1 a 186. Preclusive purchasing
& o; e1 y; x1 r2 [9 _- n 187. Seizure of assets
7 [5 t& t0 w9 d/ l1 \1 h0 U 188. Dumping
, I7 ?/ i8 W6 C: a) F& q+ e9 d( Y0 p7 Y 189. Selective patronage; Q! E4 E. ~7 F, C' D
190. Alternative markets
$ l" `7 e& q |- h' O 191. Alternative transportation systems
& ?9 R6 e. D9 ~) ~ 192. Alternative economic institutions
* \7 z+ B! n/ |' R* R; a$ ~( w/ G
! c! A" S5 Q5 L7 f# mPolitical Intervention% @( k# R0 D- b$ {" b
193. Overloading of administrative systems+ U8 t7 n& C$ l) X) l' q* q# i& f! T% \
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 _+ W' n$ w# A" M+ E# B+ r" J7 [9 e 195. Seeking imprisonment
% ]5 J3 k8 y( J) ^' N4 X! s 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* N$ N1 \) s+ |5 x$ L
197. Work-on without collaboration5 U5 Q- r8 c4 N# x4 T
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" \ j1 A f; N. m( Z4 }
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
