 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 J4 ]3 @' a+ w x, T% fFormal Statements
( P7 o. H+ f1 g. C! N 1. Public Speeches! C5 m1 V, }9 X7 q( A- j* j
2. Letters of opposition or support
- o7 Y9 ~1 ~/ L" l! O 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
1 d( S$ i. P8 t 4. Signed public statements
' }3 t) ?0 z. P5 ?' Y% z# H 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 |( J: J, d' I) a# V& \/ T( R 6. Group or mass petitions) Z9 W/ X7 o2 K" B
$ V. Z, J |0 [) K8 {/ ]) e. M5 k3 y4 ACommunications with a Wider Audience- g/ |2 U% V" }
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, h* Q* t+ O% Y7 U 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 g3 S6 W# a0 P P1 I2 q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 b8 x" e6 J- B5 X/ o6 z+ U
10. Newspapers and journals
! X% d7 a9 C+ N3 W* | 11. Records, radio, and television( {8 U8 b. h1 \
12. Skywriting and earthwriting P' R; W, j) T# w% {
6 \+ `+ P& r9 _0 c& T5 J8 kGroup Representations
' D ]* s `$ T, z 13. Deputations
" ]0 J* F; ?. T: C5 V& D 14. Mock awards$ a4 l8 e, B: f! @1 _7 v9 `# _# Z
15. Group lobbying
6 z# D- I/ f0 f# F: g 16. Picketing
. A8 ^: E3 h- p G7 K5 \( |9 y4 Q 17. Mock elections
7 s! b; s, [7 h8 |0 n2 B; R. M% l9 K0 X& Z( j' ^
Symbolic Public Acts! _/ m7 Y: B* g$ r; x' A9 s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
2 s# J4 \7 \6 l 19. Wearing of symbols
( e' q) q+ c+ O, f 20. Prayer and worship
k9 x( I9 C2 X, E" [ 21. Delivering symbolic objects. G/ R& O4 @- f: j: `# \
22. Protest disrobings
% l0 l% H' Z( V) v 23. Destruction of own property; j c# E' ]8 V
24. Symbolic lights
: W7 R( M, i; L B; z 25. Displays of portraits* Y) Z# f, I0 n; ~
26. Paint as protest
; @6 q. t9 Y6 }; b# i 27. New signs and names
& ?# u6 r6 q) g X. Z 28. Symbolic sounds4 I; r( P& J4 s7 ]
29. Symbolic reclamations- W2 I5 M: g7 t$ h- ?4 u1 E
30. Rude gestures. z7 r6 H/ G" l& D$ g0 E% J: G; R; A
: ~! K3 B1 S, ~- b' b2 v
Pressures on Individuals$ P& C% L0 k9 l
31. “Haunting” officials
- [# O& `9 q1 u$ C 32. Taunting officials0 ^" [$ | d; ?6 \: ^, f
33. Fraternization
8 k- O5 ^8 B* X7 ?; Z" ^ 34. Vigils
1 j, n; V. w5 f9 w8 P: @% t. w3 N4 ~4 I
Drama and Music; O% c- D( I/ P& \3 t9 n/ U
35. Humorous skits and pranks& b0 ~4 ?1 I! J3 @4 t2 O, Y
36. Performances of plays and music
; w; x% t# i6 h 37. Singing
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Processions9 }) O0 `0 d! S6 _ _9 j
38. Marches# A) U. a/ b. e- u% d
39. Parades' Z7 C3 u0 d- Y
40. Religious processions
0 ]; U, V/ u: v# X% n1 Z 41. Pilgrimages
, O# Y/ x0 w% h+ { 42. Motorcades Y4 M/ R5 R8 X! H7 k% L
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Honoring the Dead
8 i! [; r! d# ~/ c/ X8 W 43. Political mourning) L* D/ c+ D0 P
44. Mock funerals9 o7 F* |& p* A5 F/ s K$ n0 W
45. Demonstrative funerals
1 e8 `3 s- D. J 46. Homage at burial places
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+ K( x( P# q# v2 ^% G( W, w' XPublic Assemblies
6 A3 j. t% W2 d4 p* c5 }) v3 d8 Z 47. Assemblies of protest or support
. @ X$ g/ e( O: k4 Y 48. Protest meetings
/ o, T3 H: ?. y0 h; W G( h# @1 N 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! `" Y! E. l9 ]5 U6 s4 t9 _, A
50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation
$ t0 N. ?8 p8 a; v 51. Walk-outs
6 k2 J3 t4 S, | x 52. Silence( L8 A- c; f4 r) O
53. Renouncing honors& ^' ?7 ]! m& }8 ]2 `/ k& f
54. Turning one’s back
+ h$ J) Y/ o/ _* k5 k$ A
+ S& z: i. t9 ~# L 4 \. f& c1 w) o$ O& C6 U
/ o, j$ c/ _$ x/ k f ^2 V$ PTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
5 D2 ]' ^0 P) S5 J 55. Social boycott: V+ Z! Y6 g' R# E& N
56. Selective social boycott2 v3 L$ y: S$ F/ w
57. Lysistratic nonaction+ F% g7 v: u3 Y: Q8 ^
58. Excommunication$ w( T0 u# Q& x8 s$ r
59. Interdict
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+ d& D9 S4 s) q; B$ U0 ?+ g' l6 zNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 O) H2 s0 }# J' h: `! u1 J 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 A9 ^) ^5 X h$ S. e: q 61. Boycott of social affairs. C0 X& a" N. ~8 j
62. Student strike
5 w$ k- G4 S+ z% C' |* |2 d# ] 63. Social disobedience
- u1 j0 r: E" w { k1 m. E 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 H( Q3 l5 j3 N) m: p
6 c7 @! ^/ ~( dWithdrawal from the Social System
) {+ Z4 i0 T* g) K 65. Stay-at-home
9 V: B' u7 d5 I W4 E 66. Total personal noncooperation! V" M) @. `: p8 q9 X5 u/ j
67. “Flight” of workers
( d! ?6 j) M$ _ F/ b, l: v% { 68. Sanctuary
( H1 g3 C* g6 D) F# i 69. Collective disappearance
- t0 m# p! l9 W 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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9 A3 u8 F, p8 p- C" n: C* FActions by Consumers. r3 D9 R- D- R/ f$ G: q
71. Consumers’ boycott+ X8 i$ @; n- v
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 [: X$ A) M( p$ V/ M
73. Policy of austerity( _% Q1 n/ X Z' j8 G) }
74. Rent withholding% W8 E4 J% w* U3 _
75. Refusal to rent
5 C" @3 Q' W2 L) ], E* ` 76. National consumers’ boycott7 D6 w: _: h& E5 H# ]: j
77. International consumers’ boycott
" G" Y' H- _) _% g! w( ?5 i/ v( g) A5 m; O; X
Action by Workers and Producers
Q! L8 |% n. m; F6 p1 _7 m 78. Workmen’s boycott2 i$ @* E1 h" M3 j7 w8 I6 J' Y
79. Producers’ boycott
9 X' W( ], d- M6 u1 p5 F& E
, X8 x' n8 b) t. iAction by Middlemen& @! f9 V; L" R
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott1 y, K* M6 L. S1 ]8 t7 y2 Z3 ?
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Action by Owners and Management* \; {& G4 c3 g3 U' `! [, C! t
81. Traders’ boycott
; G( Z3 z( O' t4 Y# Q$ v! g6 [ 82. Refusal to let or sell property( V- T- |# N7 Z+ G4 [
83. Lockout" `7 h. L: T9 A/ ?+ F
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
6 w* T! @! u, G# _2 {; n 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 f. D8 h( ~* h9 F
: ?0 l! O6 r) L& n, vAction by Holders of Financial Resources5 N/ [8 Q3 E4 K! E: f, u6 |1 l2 i/ t
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; n# v: f i5 A T5 V% I3 a
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 ]% j' r' f2 q4 }* k7 b
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, A! k: j3 y+ p. ]* s
89. Severance of funds and credit
. P E' U3 p- x/ U6 ^0 d% q( W 90. Revenue refusal- d7 U- o5 H. v& |% z$ i' y! R4 v/ @
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
) x% k+ g6 G3 i! ]( Q% z 92. Domestic embargo
: ]6 [% B w: @; t$ @. _, Q `, k 93. Blacklisting of traders
; K0 N' d& r0 |; ^! g, u% y4 ] 94. International sellers’ embargo
0 h" }4 x7 f2 p9 s3 W" K- @) l 95. International buyers’ embargo, h' Z7 V& @/ Q( z4 {6 Z% B
96. International trade embargo8 m; A$ T* s5 A" u$ M/ o# S
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 r2 S2 Z8 t: ]2 E
Z$ c% f' q) @) ]8 ]% P0 U# Z. t2 r# u
$ I6 L, Z* n2 j/ K$ q6 z0 k/ p
Symbolic Strikes4 v' w0 f; Z) f( I3 {# R% N2 l) Z1 s
97. Protest strike7 e; r! X. a2 q% o
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
8 u! h8 {2 h. n/ A) b4 Q3 J
' ?0 s: w" t A5 ~* m9 WAgricultural Strikes* \+ g5 j- T2 A' Y6 J* O/ [5 S0 X: U
99. Peasant strike; Z. B' `6 l, w0 _8 S4 k
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 _+ j' U" u4 ~8 ]# i+ I r
8 m, }& ^, h% S5 l. E l+ JStrikes by Special Groups
' N& G) @+ j z! X# B5 | 101. Refusal of impressed labor. i: w. l/ `6 j! P4 I; G
102. Prisoners’ strike. k6 ]! I4 s6 k1 x- n+ @
103. Craft strike
g2 p# `# w% q* J J 104. Professional strike8 T$ E) H1 _% w
' r4 S5 r( I8 `& B3 }+ eOrdinary Industrial Strikes4 x: p9 @; w2 o7 T. N* X3 ^
105. Establishment strike7 o# Y1 | f8 ^9 s N4 X
106. Industry strike
7 ]* o+ [# V) n* `6 E 107. Sympathetic strike
0 j' K; D" F1 I3 V) D, y0 ?& b0 e& d0 |
Restricted Strikes
$ A" z3 x! w6 O( [7 q7 h; S, e 108. Detailed strike
* O) e2 i6 u' F4 K7 \ S 109. Bumper strike
/ F8 q5 M; _% L: V" ~- s 110. Slowdown strike
' E- Z0 P1 t: m 111. Working-to-rule strike
. {( k9 @5 M, W2 F$ c8 r. h 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 l8 a4 Q* D5 `3 m+ T, ~! ]5 p
113. Strike by resignation
: C9 m5 g3 R$ y* i 114. Limited strike
, P( Z! N0 _! b2 x) r) g* F 115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike
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$ U' @8 ?8 z1 h* n5 r 117. General strike* c& n: U: ?0 Z2 V v# j' R* @2 y
' C, \/ z+ {- s- E- W$ ?" }Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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: d% B. b8 Q/ D 119. Economic shutdown8 I1 _+ Y- M& `4 m
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority, T0 B! @$ g( M1 ]9 ?2 W4 k5 g
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 V( x' ~, \8 b 121. Refusal of public support5 v4 \% W; ^8 W( I
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ I* q8 a) p" F+ ~, B8 O
/ X7 J, o+ Z5 I# G9 ZCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, w3 p6 T5 J3 t+ i* d0 z; j. t: Z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( J3 T. H$ F' l3 a 124. Boycott of elections
& @4 l& i% @& H1 [6 z; O 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' v6 k ?; h2 o! a; v 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) v9 T- F8 w% C! R; X! O2 O
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 L! ?4 D5 S, d 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; s/ Y+ o; W3 _* [! W
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" L: g- S: Z& X0 ~0 i5 I) {; W) Z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- _$ j% \, Q) `. L L$ Z
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" x1 G/ R% N6 W$ D/ T% c3 _7 ?
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 e, U- X2 X/ ?9 g' d2 x
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ X& m& x6 Q6 W
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ H# ]+ i1 @* J) I" m3 y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 L3 ]% T, y, t: Y 135. Popular nonobedience
, X" w t r8 [. w# d; _ c 136. Disguised disobedience
- A# D; a: f. v3 r/ e 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 W$ R) I) J! d# L/ T1 W 138. Sitdown8 p! a. t# ?4 x% I$ B" N
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 s2 }5 K6 p {. ]; s9 k% u+ ?, c8 S
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 p" M! F% {1 u) N9 E" C% X5 p 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, i4 W( f7 K: a- l" _ D" u2 R3 K I2 y0 R0 `# r; [
Action by Government Personnel
( I/ j( g# u$ R+ D- } 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! F7 C: ^! h) {8 ]- Z# l: K& X 143. Blocking of lines of command and information: o1 }1 y; l; }, _
144. Stalling and obstruction0 z F( B( M: L% i7 z$ R9 d
145. General administrative noncooperation
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4 a1 u9 [& a S3 l" D 146. Judicial noncooperation2 q3 a$ n7 N. u6 B' Z- B7 F' x) s
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
* C- U+ Y' v2 Q* a6 X9 D) j 148. Mutiny! {/ r% L6 O' Z' k5 Q- L
Domestic Governmental Action
& J$ q( l6 k0 O/ w) p 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 p6 R: _2 C( m N F; }) a
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 ~* j' C9 Q4 ]2 v/ o8 q
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International Governmental Action
5 z' Q% c. @5 ] 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 w& r$ r9 j9 o+ A, ?" j
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' G" S& k9 i4 i8 C4 Y5 r) {* s; n 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( h0 x' r: W' g* {4 a
154. Severance of diplomatic relations, N1 r) @) E5 a5 g! g0 k
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ C: u- u1 o! _, }( u 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 j; [: p0 q, X6 E8 p- ]& ^. @
157. Expulsion from international organizations6 e3 D; e7 g7 f9 R# O/ l
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. G, ?* M/ c' b, C2 H. {
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Psychological Intervention' }) i( q# j! q A
158. Self-exposure to the elements
% g9 H7 ]" c; W; a6 {7 U 159. The fast
+ y, @/ O/ z" C: q6 F# T7 Z a) Fast of moral pressure
5 ]: O8 `; m) R C b) Hunger strike1 n7 T) e; b8 i0 Y7 E8 }3 n
c) Satyagrahic fast
3 p) Q7 k" A5 c% J 160. Reverse trial. [* ]5 o) G) ]( U
161. Nonviolent harassment ?5 c# A# |3 N, i- t3 q
7 s0 q' E2 o5 V" C8 U+ w
Physical Intervention
; H" u6 q# x( s% N! N9 h; s3 M4 P 162. Sit-in
% V3 d; ]' ?! d 163. Stand-in
: J, `) J1 f! V 164. Ride-in
s/ s& H& a7 M! c5 [; ] 165. Wade-in$ a, p% K, R* j/ n1 w: o
166. Mill-in
5 r, E U/ [: A6 H x 167. Pray-in
7 K8 E6 H; q0 a3 x 168. Nonviolent raids
5 Z0 S8 S: C1 R: B7 v; R% ` 169. Nonviolent air raids7 Q; T2 U8 S9 N7 Z# v+ p. g3 |
170. Nonviolent invasion
" Y" w/ M7 H- R9 W# Q 171. Nonviolent interjection! B5 w! Z7 R& |& l" f/ x
172. Nonviolent obstruction
! a3 _# M8 E2 ~' \5 m1 C 173. Nonviolent occupation
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$ }* a* l2 p# j* p( o5 {' J2 ASocial Intervention
, e' c$ c% R* r" s0 y4 c6 D 174. Establishing new social patterns6 `0 f- r% d5 t5 T8 G6 a
175. Overloading of facilities
$ U+ w4 h6 Q9 g4 K 176. Stall-in
2 [1 j$ S0 c% I- A- C# m 177. Speak-in
) m5 Z, N; ?+ {3 }, p 178. Guerrilla theater
) n- D% P, h2 M( |$ n9 Z+ Q 179. Alternative social institutions
) j+ D3 g; N- n% x" g% l6 x6 h 180. Alternative communication system
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# n# }7 u$ t& c. [) dEconomic Intervention' b) a6 F' ^3 C: H
181. Reverse strike
9 [1 p' V6 C7 W( s; ?, G1 ?# _ 182. Stay-in strike6 {: v d1 O5 ~1 O# U0 x9 @
183. Nonviolent land seizure
% V; u; z0 N$ T T* e: a 184. Defiance of blockades3 C" \' S; a* [& |
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 B" g7 y/ I9 A4 x; D2 ^
186. Preclusive purchasing- w9 u# O" T2 M
187. Seizure of assets$ ?3 W5 t) x6 |6 b
188. Dumping- C) x! i& N2 W
189. Selective patronage
; s! w3 F* Z1 K+ {# I/ Q6 H 190. Alternative markets
! A" c1 v, s+ ? 191. Alternative transportation systems4 @2 c# E, Q8 n2 |) M2 W* z! l
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention' e& q& ^+ w7 V, m) B) T R
193. Overloading of administrative systems% U) u& t* k6 k2 B' i7 J
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; _: w9 x& b4 ~. I, l# }, z. H
195. Seeking imprisonment! u: O( O; E& l. X
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" q$ N% Z& F( i! F- D# O& n) s
197. Work-on without collaboration
! T( o' T- K! Z0 ?1 ` 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
