 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ ]+ F( N6 z% W
Formal Statements
7 k- L8 \3 ^) a3 h7 J. o 1. Public Speeches/ S: v+ u& H' \5 q
2. Letters of opposition or support6 L% {0 i0 z) ^+ m5 v% C" g& v
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 V+ z- ?3 y1 `* p/ f+ K2 V) }
4. Signed public statements
. Q) K- C+ Y9 g( D 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
: d4 I w4 h# z* R. ]5 S5 k+ R0 q 6. Group or mass petitions: }" c& }. B& ~* N4 B+ K
2 Y7 U: j* @$ y2 w$ l$ `& V
Communications with a Wider Audience( h, S1 N2 T# n N6 U$ C
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ C A8 _. z6 `
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. R3 R# a: [3 J5 U5 K! I4 `' X- s 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books/ c; K/ N# d, I' @! J
10. Newspapers and journals
6 \6 O$ I0 {2 `, l$ K# s7 h 11. Records, radio, and television
6 T) b D3 g7 R, w 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
, b1 k3 t7 R! a$ z: l" @ n
* C5 C' r8 e! S0 T5 V0 b7 PGroup Representations
0 b: B* v4 q, E, i1 B# r) h5 ? 13. Deputations
! q; D, a2 j5 [8 d8 v 14. Mock awards6 I; q; B% o, K! Y" E9 P
15. Group lobbying2 Z9 V( @% z0 e% ]0 A- @& h0 E
16. Picketing
. B" @5 H' Q* Z2 K 17. Mock elections
6 n- z! w4 ^( N0 T( N3 S) B- j
Symbolic Public Acts6 W( P. q6 h; `
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. }6 E7 z6 ?7 \0 d
19. Wearing of symbols
! i* M3 d' g$ X' L9 Z 20. Prayer and worship1 i) _! |" _5 N; D
21. Delivering symbolic objects
- N' |4 t5 J5 l& Z+ y G" t# Z# c 22. Protest disrobings. J& F! L0 ^4 a/ {4 I) s9 e& N
23. Destruction of own property
0 S4 }6 J9 a" {4 A: { 24. Symbolic lights
0 U3 H) E; W3 `* B2 G( C 25. Displays of portraits( J& S+ |, \, L3 v3 ]0 W4 D2 z# Y
26. Paint as protest& ~4 w, d \% ^/ s L) f$ P1 f* D& s
27. New signs and names
) u) `1 ?/ x4 ]9 u4 S) b6 r 28. Symbolic sounds; `! n" L4 b& d2 s
29. Symbolic reclamations) l9 l8 x1 z- l$ A
30. Rude gestures
% |& s' A8 j) Y1 j) w5 y f. p% n, x- u n, {
Pressures on Individuals: @4 U+ t" A6 B7 q
31. “Haunting” officials
" c& C- H$ P6 N$ H {& n. x) Q 32. Taunting officials
$ I+ L8 O3 E" y# t 33. Fraternization
# B% n& ?3 s b, t7 P 34. Vigils- `+ y7 {* Q- p% m3 S# z$ L! E
# d! U# ]) {- w
Drama and Music
/ c& c* u) F1 W: n8 [+ k* s 35. Humorous skits and pranks
* W) u3 O' [7 l% H 36. Performances of plays and music4 D- ^4 ~9 v: e. N( X5 ?6 A
37. Singing6 X7 I0 b) r+ A: q) K5 P/ d
4 V. O* o8 \) }' ]
Processions
, b f* o! B$ N& Y- ]# b/ [ 38. Marches
1 X" b5 F5 r2 P9 P- q6 _ 39. Parades- i% E) \- y2 ]
40. Religious processions
2 g, {" F% c) _+ i 41. Pilgrimages
/ N1 V$ Y% O0 I7 e& w4 h4 O- c 42. Motorcades( r2 \9 z0 q2 F& o+ E1 E- R5 \! p: F" a8 T
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Honoring the Dead
( E6 s) \ Q7 O6 L6 } 43. Political mourning
1 [% D) W9 E0 d6 ]5 @; @2 N 44. Mock funerals
0 l0 {2 r% T) W9 n8 H/ L& E 45. Demonstrative funerals
$ |1 O' f; B5 Y# G, O 46. Homage at burial places
: S# J( |- C" G6 a: h) _3 B- R8 Z [; U' [0 z
Public Assemblies3 q- Z! v# J& u
47. Assemblies of protest or support
[( N W7 i6 t7 B 48. Protest meetings5 ]" i. U. ? `3 \3 o* @ z7 f
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! d; t& V2 ` z$ R/ K5 d/ b" | 50. Teach-ins/ q4 t: X. e: q x) k+ i
4 M4 f6 p: k. c: ^
Withdrawal and Renunciation
$ d4 a! y. a. n" r) k/ }+ }9 i 51. Walk-outs
4 B3 k( Y ~* U& { 52. Silence
3 J, b$ v2 n. m( [; g 53. Renouncing honors2 ^9 b/ {; Z! k' r3 G1 U
54. Turning one’s back
& h. `- e" {8 D% e( A& J" }# o- F$ R. V1 b9 w
S/ j+ \9 E! m& q/ l3 V- ^' b% j4 h
* Q+ r! O# i! D) q' e, N
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
, F7 c8 d/ |( a& p; b
$ ~1 _. _. k+ g& c4 A" A
9 E6 p9 P! Q1 |5 r1 ?7 a4 ]. L7 S% n6 p3 o
Ostracism of Persons5 `& f4 H- n6 o# ?: R4 t
55. Social boycott0 C6 p1 y+ h; \1 t3 m; x
56. Selective social boycott
/ O% H$ r7 Y' B8 l& I 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ [3 t" i+ _$ x! a 58. Excommunication; ]% J/ |! K6 x0 i: [! o5 o
59. Interdict" g" Q. c! E" {$ B3 R4 P
4 T6 E% J4 |9 |+ ?, [, [* T; MNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
7 D3 m) ?$ a b 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 a6 u0 o) N& h' L 61. Boycott of social affairs2 g+ P( X( z; _
62. Student strike: {& B9 R) J) u
63. Social disobedience5 M! [* o* T" c/ S: l6 v
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
( A" H& e7 D8 ?' j5 e% ]
1 d* C' \; z% WWithdrawal from the Social System
+ a" h+ K; b/ T7 i9 m* s. O; `% m 65. Stay-at-home9 e% ^! h$ M% R. R& L/ O8 Z
66. Total personal noncooperation" ^" i H! C1 Q, @
67. “Flight” of workers2 t" ~1 L! @6 [- o8 }9 n
68. Sanctuary
( U$ z1 {5 b9 u; I! e# T' r 69. Collective disappearance
! T) f) j, ^$ q% u: C$ e; o 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 d, k% h$ r& |( [! r0 A/ ]
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- n2 O' m U: n3 V& @
3 u3 Z, J- ^8 Y* d' M% O2 N
4 s4 }3 Q7 u) h4 a( ]1 Z5 W1 }. |Actions by Consumers' x& h$ q B( z
71. Consumers’ boycott& P/ ~. I1 [" D' y8 ^4 k3 w6 v' s
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
2 E2 V \5 X% s/ O. i- A6 v 73. Policy of austerity
, R: M; O0 T$ D9 C8 A% i, ^ 74. Rent withholding+ O5 U1 i: F0 y5 z- h
75. Refusal to rent$ |% e: e+ _* `8 W: O8 G' A
76. National consumers’ boycott6 p, e; d6 z) Q5 f
77. International consumers’ boycott
' L7 @+ r- o% E
( F* K& b- M/ h( c4 R: IAction by Workers and Producers- L5 B( H8 X% c0 u( x. W6 D. f+ J
78. Workmen’s boycott
. H! J' I7 u! p 79. Producers’ boycott, d3 s+ ]* t5 Z' y. P
! L! ?: @' k0 k) W4 {
Action by Middlemen
) A& V0 U" p5 Q" w1 V0 p0 t' b 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 E' V) m) f- M, ]
8 B+ _. C9 l* {) Y
Action by Owners and Management
; A2 ^+ \( \4 v' j; c) R& f* S9 ?! A 81. Traders’ boycott/ Y& [/ e9 d9 R5 U8 ^1 C0 w6 x
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! Y: r/ W5 o. o$ K2 G! `2 @( L 83. Lockout
0 |5 e' O5 L5 H: R% C! G! l 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. Q& V; r Y1 Q9 y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
) g$ z* N3 p- v5 X0 P7 Y" Y& f! b
; K9 w) W. O; C2 e! N) L. XAction by Holders of Financial Resources; N( R1 e) B# P6 x: K
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; X7 v/ r' p: k2 ~ g8 C' d; d
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ e* x$ C/ ~4 _' {$ I 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest/ o7 I) t4 b% E1 d$ L7 r
89. Severance of funds and credit
) c% {) K8 ^; Y Y( z& H 90. Revenue refusal4 ~" A9 E ^1 K7 U9 M* y* _; l6 \
91. Refusal of a government’s money
0 W. c" y- w7 l3 v! H6 c" r* \6 ]6 [% G
Action by Governments0 r* v8 h" f% k8 @
92. Domestic embargo1 d3 a8 a8 \( M/ k
93. Blacklisting of traders
* G7 P7 t- Y# Q# @. r% I 94. International sellers’ embargo
( J* R# x4 u+ Z, m0 O& U' y# m( c7 O 95. International buyers’ embargo4 F7 c# u. }0 u8 i
96. International trade embargo5 [' v" t+ R$ a$ q& q2 W
7 ?' o/ _6 L3 D8 ?# M* L" M
7 J3 D' k9 t0 `0 k; {' f- ?) {" m" ?3 P# X/ y' q# O( X
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
7 `3 E& p& V& t 97. Protest strike
. @; c# u4 c% @- Z }1 F( D 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 G% Z+ K7 d/ H" i I: [2 x# `7 g& c% }! q) ~
Agricultural Strikes2 u! W' Q) _* J" I
99. Peasant strike
5 B7 f( f6 l% @1 ~" V3 t+ Y8 `. i 100. Farm Workers’ strike. f3 Z+ }( _( W r
# k" Q2 g% \, ^2 ~' L) YStrikes by Special Groups
' a8 i% ^) q% v5 x' [3 c 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 o7 S! E/ ]* i1 c' u9 _9 J" D4 o# @ 102. Prisoners’ strike4 q! c0 Y' v+ d4 u
103. Craft strike& Z# r8 d1 n) ~
104. Professional strike4 n% H7 Z$ E" O
; v1 Q' w4 E: SOrdinary Industrial Strikes
, A3 y3 y7 ]5 l: F( j6 i$ u5 k 105. Establishment strike
8 w3 |" _) b1 G6 p- Q: G! ] 106. Industry strike
- L; P! D' W7 w1 E/ E 107. Sympathetic strike4 I: x9 v9 K D/ @5 ~( C
" t0 I" h9 e' B- M
Restricted Strikes
/ Z7 [& o0 I1 g% |4 [9 F' E 108. Detailed strike
- G6 [3 z& M7 O& [/ d' \ 109. Bumper strike
/ q/ o0 Z) u7 ~' g( ~# c 110. Slowdown strike
$ J" J3 Z2 P' ], E1 L6 [ 111. Working-to-rule strike2 p$ d% s8 S* u! X: S
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) g9 S }7 B2 p8 V/ f( o8 Y# y2 V
113. Strike by resignation, B8 q9 S) v% s/ w8 m
114. Limited strike+ f& d e& p1 h8 `* @
115. Selective strike
8 g8 p4 Y2 @. [" h% J* P1 Y& T! ]9 E; ]& A! a
Multi-Industry Strikes( K- a1 O: O. i0 l/ D
3 k% J" T4 o4 a% g 116. Generalized strike# c y2 l* T4 c7 u7 K
8 z% e. @$ ?+ `4 o3 f0 e; i6 q 117. General strike! |7 z# F- @+ W" x+ u; ^5 J
+ Z- |) ]3 m; l/ F( {. ]Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; L1 s1 |3 L/ z2 S5 _- x/ B0 M- @5 Z( ]$ R' M3 M y* ~2 c5 S4 n; T
118. Hartal' r8 a2 E# T- D: F' }. H
/ K0 ]; T5 h$ X8 {( W 119. Economic shutdown
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( a. l$ H) H: B+ x( s( W# nTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 f/ w) N% V7 q' i w' ~1 q: q# Y
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& ~/ B( w/ C+ ^" b2 P$ }Rejection of Authority
% w `, X7 S, m+ |/ z9 ? 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
d; W: S |2 W! `' {, i2 w 121. Refusal of public support! ?. p* o4 o7 t7 [4 |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ I$ Q' o- B& ~: M
8 D0 u/ ?/ |- L) J5 o
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 z3 g8 f8 }! z7 G% c& B 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& m) e& C* F9 r) _8 F# w: A& q2 R 124. Boycott of elections
4 K! Z5 i ` w6 p% s 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& e0 C: p0 S3 a" F% H8 `9 i/ I 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! V5 v# [0 I# y% Y" h' r
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" t# K6 ]3 M* v9 x q4 J- J1 r( k
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 T" ^7 P" h3 v6 }+ i
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# e6 l4 p' ]% \* F# v 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. _) L$ b; G( r 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 U* G6 a$ n$ k: [9 A5 G 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 w- z3 x% v2 M1 b: O
5 @, F, S; Q4 ]& F2 Q; tCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& Y {% C. T2 _$ z2 A3 X- | 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
+ l2 f9 e+ H' Q; P: |/ a8 p 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 S4 n0 T8 u- m& t% }- m. \1 X5 d
135. Popular nonobedience+ |! U* w4 i7 l$ b9 B" Y
136. Disguised disobedience* I* O! L$ v8 m1 N6 C
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 {9 l7 N$ G$ g. l 138. Sitdown
^# b! A- N; T! p; ^: ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" Z" m/ V e+ W; n' z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 @* v3 y5 _2 r# i- l* } 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
7 L$ c+ L) s- Q' b7 j9 p$ ]* k" `+ W' i: W" R3 k
Action by Government Personnel
/ c$ z# D- R5 u 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides" K* f9 ?/ t6 ~2 g( K
143. Blocking of lines of command and information, I$ o2 t7 ?1 x( r8 `
144. Stalling and obstruction8 L4 p" ~# L q& z. B& N
145. General administrative noncooperation
+ A) ]/ w! G! K: S
8 S9 g" }8 i5 `% K 146. Judicial noncooperation1 M% k+ I6 A+ s$ q' e8 f
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. z& ^8 n. y. T" @. E 148. Mutiny
1 N. f4 h! W1 W9 E7 _Domestic Governmental Action+ P7 s8 |. W+ A5 }8 y) \
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' F9 x- h7 B+ b, b 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units* B @5 O% z- c Q
: Y+ V) j. v8 K- P. @International Governmental Action; j. J6 p% T) `" F2 h1 [ @- `: a
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* K1 f7 Z: H7 s9 l# m! V 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events6 E {. @) ?0 {6 D
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 u5 c3 _) r* X" y( l( k6 U' v8 T9 q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 Y" V7 z* S+ \% F# p4 e
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 L) y* Y* D# ^ L- p 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies4 u: P; \; u0 X d
157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 D. @# v6 u4 v0 G" m h' p: S
; O1 {9 t! o: x; \5 R3 {# o0 W - ?! M( Z9 F2 _' }3 z
2 Y! H! ~! ?( b5 O! MTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 c+ {, F; i% F2 V6 ?" J# x1 e
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7 r. V' y# c) D JPsychological Intervention% R. `6 i) }0 n/ A' q- ~( P' X1 V/ x
158. Self-exposure to the elements2 ~4 k4 l5 o5 i, E7 v: z0 z
159. The fast- w1 f9 L) L. Y' E4 S9 g# n
a) Fast of moral pressure
" w# p$ L8 O- E0 X3 E6 K b) Hunger strike
+ \# a! [& K3 P8 m. l c) Satyagrahic fast, P7 e0 G' I. R" Y! L
160. Reverse trial; y9 Z) ]2 b( y0 R) }
161. Nonviolent harassment
5 V- f' o3 K1 s9 f
- }/ z* x. F9 g; @: s$ V1 iPhysical Intervention( g* ]; _7 Z* _' ^) i' H
162. Sit-in" E2 [# e- t& J% a9 m2 A
163. Stand-in
2 P- _3 ?& R$ U* a. `+ t 164. Ride-in5 L$ N! c9 @4 @! }4 c: {
165. Wade-in9 B2 Q4 F+ h0 t. i1 ^
166. Mill-in
* {# Q3 i1 C9 Z+ |5 L 167. Pray-in, c! L$ v) b8 O7 A
168. Nonviolent raids3 k" E% I' ?" q
169. Nonviolent air raids
: E& q9 X( @" f6 @; B7 F1 U 170. Nonviolent invasion
. x: I6 A. y1 w* e. Y9 l; e. x 171. Nonviolent interjection/ W1 ]+ v8 n9 U: E- ]
172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 y9 @" o4 P2 [% [& Q( u 173. Nonviolent occupation
5 z. Q" V, o) L/ F1 K2 G1 a& [1 {& k9 v& [' i
Social Intervention4 d) U% K/ K# B `
174. Establishing new social patterns3 r7 a' z8 x9 I4 P
175. Overloading of facilities( S' Y0 q- y0 }( Y- B. |" Y
176. Stall-in
' b6 A# T& c, m3 F' Q. v 177. Speak-in
6 {4 D& n4 j, I1 U8 s3 Z# h 178. Guerrilla theater
% \2 `5 p+ O! P8 a9 {1 u* g 179. Alternative social institutions) z& m5 a: [0 g! ?4 P
180. Alternative communication system
1 | e" _) Y* M S( H) J6 e
' b8 C n6 ^1 G5 j% G b1 b/ n4 FEconomic Intervention0 |- s7 [# J$ b8 |9 b# Z3 Z4 A
181. Reverse strike" H/ I) d3 o' Q; {2 \! C
182. Stay-in strike% o# a/ s4 `/ E6 T) u ] b0 B& x
183. Nonviolent land seizure! r: ]+ ]+ E @8 T q9 W) |
184. Defiance of blockades
% G# B. G% S3 B! o; m- r 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 z# n" j E* R 186. Preclusive purchasing+ D; ?3 N/ ^! ]% T Z2 L' m6 z# x
187. Seizure of assets6 S% E9 w7 N/ ?( |8 r+ b, X; W# [
188. Dumping$ k% K# F6 W V; |6 M% _
189. Selective patronage
% n- ?. r, Y. q3 M7 \0 C. W4 X7 a 190. Alternative markets
7 e/ i1 S P3 [: Z9 N 191. Alternative transportation systems! w" G$ T: n/ t' E8 B# a+ }
192. Alternative economic institutions
M0 _& }* Q1 K$ C" H3 a2 r
9 N2 |" C' i$ d2 HPolitical Intervention
& o: D$ B: D. x: o 193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ c& Z+ _+ n) _' f 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents o2 c. b' _: T% _
195. Seeking imprisonment! e5 `' h/ O P- L8 x* a$ N1 Y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 n" P' n$ t& e. u$ Y7 K
197. Work-on without collaboration; @7 N- Y/ N+ u6 R0 s
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 h) H* [, k/ e
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
