 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 I; |* W9 G. q1 OFormal Statements
: S& w. r8 Q( h$ w+ r8 ^2 S 1. Public Speeches
7 D( e! L0 }5 R5 z% [7 L 2. Letters of opposition or support. P- P: `7 i+ d# n
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ B. i0 B1 C) }" D4 n" m
4. Signed public statements' I2 M( V7 o% F5 I5 {' R! R
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ \0 s1 S) [8 X
6. Group or mass petitions
8 I* _9 p( F& g4 F9 W7 r& v
% \( a1 z# A& r, a. FCommunications with a Wider Audience; ~- s9 J t; R: m# V/ M
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* d ^2 X; @% s" s( _ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 F3 \8 U/ \; S& [0 X% K 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 L( ~- P- B; R( [
10. Newspapers and journals
- `) z; l9 `$ O7 J 11. Records, radio, and television5 t; ?! h2 ^. q% h
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" b3 L- P4 {7 ]+ o- ]
% Q( _. g! e0 p# G, y+ MGroup Representations
% [/ L# t D* m8 N- Y* R$ r3 _ 13. Deputations
# r) o* ~5 v# B+ ^ 14. Mock awards/ V2 K2 s( R& @0 A. S, O4 z
15. Group lobbying2 b; e8 i+ r) H
16. Picketing
& ?; V* A. z3 y! x$ p 17. Mock elections
9 f" U: n' I* w- ], ~( _9 w }4 M! A( T. z! B4 Q
Symbolic Public Acts
* [ s9 ^, S7 R9 _4 c' P2 J 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( b: t, m6 g B5 X) q9 j
19. Wearing of symbols
% g( L6 m \3 i' n5 t3 P 20. Prayer and worship: ?) p) c+ ^, e. \3 k5 d. Q
21. Delivering symbolic objects
v. K/ N5 @! b7 b* e$ j* _8 a 22. Protest disrobings
, U# c6 B; Q S4 B# G, P 23. Destruction of own property% j) K, ]4 K4 L9 h: `' g
24. Symbolic lights$ o- @* E% R5 d; `
25. Displays of portraits
4 i! N/ t( F/ X/ A$ z! y3 u 26. Paint as protest7 @4 M) z% B+ a6 }$ N: H
27. New signs and names% R% N% A3 @- `1 P+ G2 B5 W/ ?
28. Symbolic sounds3 d% r% I b' I# y q
29. Symbolic reclamations
) p8 U9 m7 A6 w8 o) ~ 30. Rude gestures @" E6 @. F+ \ l: p
3 q" K1 R$ G5 T, Q e9 _
Pressures on Individuals
. y( g& E) j2 L/ ~ 31. “Haunting” officials
* q. A& D( C+ E5 \" Z+ h9 v/ J 32. Taunting officials
$ t/ M; R6 v: o6 d# J- V& J1 | 33. Fraternization
! m! j) Q3 J1 }- _ 34. Vigils
2 |: e( X) C2 j! P1 e1 n; w2 v2 Q$ M; V% ]& T3 V
Drama and Music
8 }, @. p. H# M3 u, r2 c" K9 j 35. Humorous skits and pranks1 J5 l! b% y$ z' B! A8 W
36. Performances of plays and music$ E: R3 H$ y( u7 C
37. Singing
0 E! ?; H! q8 u% ?( E, k
( q" ?. t& Y3 R/ t5 e- AProcessions1 T) F- e2 F; K, r/ K
38. Marches
( m8 r! k& Y! x 39. Parades
- F6 f) N# C9 W( }2 ~ 40. Religious processions
5 j/ G/ N* z; W" i C; k! w 41. Pilgrimages
- s7 J& y- q/ H2 [+ n0 z 42. Motorcades
$ b& I' r) |4 X+ m) m, W3 A( g
# d2 k2 M. c" X1 sHonoring the Dead# U% B5 h$ j' T5 l; v0 o
43. Political mourning
& t2 C; k$ [( I7 E 44. Mock funerals
8 J. L1 Y6 M! S( f8 _% p" e 45. Demonstrative funerals7 K# I" s" e6 ]$ q
46. Homage at burial places( [" t/ u+ ~9 r2 c
2 X# P6 k9 |, @) A# X+ SPublic Assemblies; c) e1 y% L+ b. T( m4 a
47. Assemblies of protest or support- {! E" h$ C3 x. v
48. Protest meetings
9 ]/ d- r, a$ s/ }; D ^ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- q. i; C! b1 M9 s4 C% z. Z6 K
50. Teach-ins" [1 Y. U U" h
3 @8 ]# t1 z9 Z" ^% g+ c9 i" HWithdrawal and Renunciation
! _2 l c# U8 g; a 51. Walk-outs
; x* o% O/ G4 H- D+ _2 s. c4 p 52. Silence
) I* _7 u' Z0 Q( X9 a, ^ 53. Renouncing honors) M# `5 a( U5 z& n6 e# Q! z
54. Turning one’s back
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3 _3 h% a ?6 Y- P+ z, s- o! A
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
; m* k. ~" u) I6 Q9 @. h) j. t7 Z5 ~3 z
' z: |2 b7 m+ ]. _: }+ n
: z; D. `8 P: z2 X* t$ U3 v0 P# |4 XOstracism of Persons
" c% r0 @+ {( l1 M: W% N 55. Social boycott" {9 T' w5 \3 g0 ~6 g
56. Selective social boycott0 m% ]' F6 ~& f8 x7 D- x: E4 Q1 X8 F
57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 D% r5 c! u+ F; y, l: [ 58. Excommunication: u6 r9 v3 T. O1 ]5 X+ c
59. Interdict
. S, `. \; K0 `
& j- D5 y- m( K# aNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- ]6 ^; {4 N3 d* L 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
* v7 u2 u$ [! M* {" ] 61. Boycott of social affairs$ x3 k) U9 O9 x9 O1 H, r/ i
62. Student strike* \1 M# t$ G) F% n
63. Social disobedience! S/ S Z2 ]$ ?2 c- g' e7 M# D4 T' v
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) i' F+ l% b/ ?8 c
2 r4 _: N! m6 W
Withdrawal from the Social System
; C9 L* Y, ]) @3 v 65. Stay-at-home0 _" u" H: v5 s6 v" t) i
66. Total personal noncooperation- f" ?# l; `4 \1 A9 B
67. “Flight” of workers8 A) c+ r- O9 K5 I$ \. b; Z1 V& A
68. Sanctuary* ]3 p0 B' j/ O- ?( k% g( x( W2 j
69. Collective disappearance
n$ S+ Q& H/ E ^7 |1 v6 Y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' [( N6 E9 g( a% d5 h8 e2 d
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! K, e- w( t. D/ Z. o% dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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9 Q `3 n% j1 [3 p5 A" h
Actions by Consumers" u Z3 R3 p- X! f# S6 o
71. Consumers’ boycott
! a d+ t j' Z. j: A" v 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& ]/ Z+ _% I* u* Z7 }
73. Policy of austerity
$ L N" y( {& P+ W: r 74. Rent withholding$ e9 S* y* ]0 E
75. Refusal to rent
1 s0 X7 b& g& Q2 U. k 76. National consumers’ boycott; @ V4 R' g9 K5 }/ e, \1 r1 i' g
77. International consumers’ boycott
( ]" x2 K& T+ I q9 Z B2 Z% G- `9 R4 I3 i' Y# I
Action by Workers and Producers2 F9 |8 J7 ^! k2 |
78. Workmen’s boycott
4 N% J$ ?8 Q/ p A& C 79. Producers’ boycott. v! c3 r8 C$ [
' @ o8 I# p+ X' l) m$ w
Action by Middlemen
3 T* L2 O5 _- M P2 m; F, d* q+ T# O 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott, Q: y! Q9 |0 ?
" H* _0 P8 R' T
Action by Owners and Management3 Z" r# B% u# r ~/ W9 F
81. Traders’ boycott5 }! @8 z0 Y9 X% {' d
82. Refusal to let or sell property4 f X! B1 f S3 p; Y6 V& G! x
83. Lockout) U) k" k# y# |& K
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 I( O; i/ a3 O 85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 S" _- [% D# Z) C- c5 c* C
0 b% q- l( C& c |& s
Action by Holders of Financial Resources3 w6 U/ Y9 l* Z d; {( a
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ s \) K3 s# E1 t( ? 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, V; n* g8 L" j5 i$ { k( O
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
' i/ v' n. y: q1 S* k2 D+ h5 u 89. Severance of funds and credit d1 F: _( f- k8 p
90. Revenue refusal
/ H0 k9 c/ r" [3 c7 h1 I 91. Refusal of a government’s money
/ l2 N* l1 H+ L) @2 P* f
8 f7 v% A/ `- H! K( JAction by Governments5 o4 s% o7 X6 T( a% w! M
92. Domestic embargo. F* j' e9 d/ j0 ^2 x, r! _& K
93. Blacklisting of traders7 q$ j8 I* l1 }! X% q
94. International sellers’ embargo! E+ E% U) F0 C9 A+ Z# l) P
95. International buyers’ embargo
x$ B3 o8 a; r' o8 z 96. International trade embargo
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9 {/ K5 n- A- a/ G. DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 D6 E( ?& }$ g; a
9 \5 }( Y2 e5 M2 D, \5 h ) a5 [- L& I* A
Symbolic Strikes* j7 `3 G( A8 O1 F
97. Protest strike1 t$ R$ V! @. Z- q, g' K0 o5 p
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 S5 B% @, N4 R7 O, g: x
! J2 W, @+ r! M' G5 p; t# |Agricultural Strikes
6 d4 o9 V! i' J* I' Z4 Y% ] 99. Peasant strike
; S3 W, M. y4 X" |# r 100. Farm Workers’ strike
* h1 I+ r$ I) ]0 K/ i+ k a% t: U5 }1 `$ s( T0 X7 ^
Strikes by Special Groups, H7 g) a$ f! w% }# h6 K) s" c2 J
101. Refusal of impressed labor
% p F. H# {3 f4 J5 s' k5 I4 j 102. Prisoners’ strike
) c8 ?% j% J4 a 103. Craft strike2 a% E+ s' K: d E. }% y3 R
104. Professional strike4 Y: E8 O6 [7 W
! A6 \9 t. m( f( j" t9 }Ordinary Industrial Strikes
9 O+ {0 l6 b8 @; s) o& ]/ y 105. Establishment strike% [0 u5 D) Y; P9 I- d5 \( j, t& k
106. Industry strike7 i. |$ d! E; x) y2 }9 f( i, l: V
107. Sympathetic strike$ l- E( {7 O; r$ U/ }( K
5 v& W. E! N7 e
Restricted Strikes8 |/ Q2 R# M) D; r+ @) ~6 i- `
108. Detailed strike
4 q+ U/ P" ]: A( p( n6 U 109. Bumper strike, ~5 B4 L* t. s
110. Slowdown strike1 y$ e" q* j9 y) @" w. v5 k# J' B* }/ _
111. Working-to-rule strike
" R! R" P# B4 Q& i/ q+ L( P: [ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* |8 s1 f) k. j0 ? 113. Strike by resignation% k5 ^! K; ]# @. s
114. Limited strike. d% ]! W- ^; s, o" v* o% m5 n( e
115. Selective strike5 [, m9 V+ w; P8 x8 E: O% v1 b
& U* B$ r/ r8 `5 ?/ D; R8 p l8 h
Multi-Industry Strikes
1 w, e2 M. x2 F3 B. u9 f" G |9 H" {: E8 \' f9 P1 _ v
116. Generalized strike; }# l+ r; r# |$ J! ^( Y
4 f, c2 Y# j s 117. General strike
- g% S! _! x, N) H) g. T) Q
+ \& _6 L+ s4 R0 l$ n- G/ jCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures% i$ p' p" L: G
9 d2 Y7 V8 b2 s7 n: Z, m 118. Hartal
1 c' B" {9 y& S' k0 E4 N6 V) U# q6 {, V4 x. O7 Q7 P1 x
119. Economic shutdown( ~$ e2 C7 x6 t& m6 M/ F
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% f* x( e9 \1 C, P, v9 y5 s6 o. }THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
: [6 F, y3 O1 V; k 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- H" c4 s$ W, i/ t' y( E 121. Refusal of public support
; F2 @. a, V! _5 G) @ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance8 [1 w) w+ Y& w
) @* p. P1 f5 J5 CCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. F+ t7 q+ w7 F2 _0 g 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& s4 f1 {( P6 O3 |$ ~7 w1 w" R 124. Boycott of elections
, N4 L) e* L# s/ h4 {& Y# ` 125. Boycott of government employment and positions! D* n; ?% v+ a2 v
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 K5 G: a& z' l& K+ N( ^
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 x5 m; @( k% S. W
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# q+ p. A1 i/ S3 u9 U0 Z" X* ^
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* ]. |% V$ |" l4 ~$ T
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 C7 T4 ~/ G/ W3 H* K8 E 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials Y. Y+ E8 q7 K! K* [2 U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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/ ~4 \6 x, W; M7 q* N8 z! q6 X4 TCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 V* ^/ n. ?6 W2 @& E
133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 ~, G: I0 J/ J: u
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 a: T# w& ?3 a0 l0 h5 Y
135. Popular nonobedience; }- `0 n, J7 L, r
136. Disguised disobedience8 `; C, }0 j0 E# p1 I$ K
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" M/ w; {! c9 O$ c/ a! H/ Z 138. Sitdown9 f- @3 S1 T3 c/ F1 I
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 Y8 @: J8 |0 X6 m+ I \4 _* a 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 |; K9 r* y4 G+ P 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 B& ]/ k* s% J# O' q
2 O, i1 S d @; S0 V( Y. JAction by Government Personnel0 u! j$ v# D5 F8 t
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides L& s1 v; o3 W+ D- r
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ o0 e2 N" j, ~- I" w' f& p7 y: O 144. Stalling and obstruction, W3 h( ~% w" `7 n1 v
145. General administrative noncooperation t( a) O0 L" D5 f. S1 l0 a
( r5 ]0 b' r, x, l
146. Judicial noncooperation; Z! z7 G6 H9 {( n# u; r6 H6 `
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' ]) e- c8 p* @( Z# ` c
148. Mutiny
( Y2 F9 H4 m* Y+ K3 `8 fDomestic Governmental Action
( K; D' B+ n) m 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
* n5 ]6 o2 n; R5 O! [6 _ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" x! \" b% x$ h/ S4 ~
+ ~. h! b6 W% O0 Z+ tInternational Governmental Action& l- F8 j+ Z5 [& ~$ ~8 _
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- ~$ Y- [( W% Z% E' }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& W3 Y/ e) ^$ E/ L 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: E' A5 J. U4 _. h6 s9 u 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 h! F; f" P) q) }1 ~5 V- A 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
; B8 N; W9 B3 t3 H 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 [2 w* o. G. B8 G3 T
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% a* k) l7 g6 ^
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Psychological Intervention" p& u& a% f! L. r ]
158. Self-exposure to the elements9 Z" P$ Q- _2 K! \
159. The fast
5 w: i1 k5 e, @! F R9 ]9 P. n a) Fast of moral pressure& x9 k0 ? H% s) K$ ^" a1 n8 o
b) Hunger strike
0 t' a8 R0 H' A- J/ s, |: C c) Satyagrahic fast- X+ u' K4 s6 p' K0 i
160. Reverse trial/ s& M* n' \' K& x) K1 n
161. Nonviolent harassment
8 }2 S- N) k/ i9 X
- N% [4 ?7 \9 RPhysical Intervention
: a/ Q, ~7 l3 H" v0 Z6 F 162. Sit-in
- X/ j* }: y" f 163. Stand-in
+ R. _7 L, k0 ^8 [# l 164. Ride-in
3 m0 i6 c, p/ c. j! K, O7 Y 165. Wade-in; H" |5 |1 v) g+ p
166. Mill-in
7 t( n( `" g, }$ ` R 167. Pray-in
& b1 ?( `2 C+ S/ P! r9 ~$ J! E: L 168. Nonviolent raids
6 }/ t& E8 u3 B5 R( N 169. Nonviolent air raids
3 V& N+ ~& V/ a* [" k& l 170. Nonviolent invasion
} Z' M0 Q) L3 ?7 ?: w 171. Nonviolent interjection8 [5 u% X! F, b7 }
172. Nonviolent obstruction
) f# L' w) Z5 ^- y" ]" _4 d/ P 173. Nonviolent occupation4 j+ W' D1 v5 U2 v- }! Y: r
% J$ @( X, T" H {1 |6 pSocial Intervention
/ Y+ x4 Z, C. S! X$ v* Y% A& Y$ C2 G 174. Establishing new social patterns
$ u( ]! `$ i4 \/ s2 i 175. Overloading of facilities. X9 y- d7 X* N9 v9 o/ z* k
176. Stall-in; ]: p3 g% f' i* t( c. f2 b& W
177. Speak-in7 H, s5 R7 j0 T0 F, _' x, a7 n# M
178. Guerrilla theater
X8 W2 Y3 Q( f7 ]0 |9 u 179. Alternative social institutions
8 [+ Q% Q2 D/ z! |5 @" J" c% k 180. Alternative communication system* S; j+ m6 V4 Z b4 g6 e2 u3 V
" K# y5 c1 L$ ]1 BEconomic Intervention, A Z/ w W7 Z+ D. V0 ~" o
181. Reverse strike ^9 \4 }% @2 l2 Q9 g, X
182. Stay-in strike
- W, g: {! }5 n0 |) m. v- t 183. Nonviolent land seizure
) ]2 g: o7 {( ] 184. Defiance of blockades" p- }7 O* U ^6 w
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 n9 P; C. Z0 \
186. Preclusive purchasing9 @' v7 v! z f3 j
187. Seizure of assets+ ]6 g" @% [& k
188. Dumping4 Z4 G# L5 {9 O3 ]! K; u
189. Selective patronage+ [+ }9 ?5 a% t4 r: z5 y4 M
190. Alternative markets- F6 h1 g: s. H v! ^; f* Y3 g
191. Alternative transportation systems6 H! O+ Q9 C# I$ u y' r1 f
192. Alternative economic institutions
9 d, h$ C' d8 o' x6 l' _. Q z9 j2 o/ D- W
Political Intervention, o8 m- b# \) G1 m8 A: y; D4 a
193. Overloading of administrative systems
# K3 P: j8 c: \- y: C* O* p4 G 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 u: m* _$ B0 h! B( a( Q9 i 195. Seeking imprisonment1 L: `$ [1 C6 U* a, n# l) A0 _
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# ]: ~5 O5 E! E* h) z
197. Work-on without collaboration4 g; w# D) V2 z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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