 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 W. } z% M- f$ h8 x4 w" f* L
Formal Statements; u+ K2 m3 K4 ^- O l. L$ a0 B
1. Public Speeches
2 O5 U" C9 a4 h( b: i 2. Letters of opposition or support9 ~5 f7 i7 ^% Y; R7 m
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
0 O; j! }. j* V5 x1 ^- z 4. Signed public statements
+ Z/ a7 ]/ O6 S6 E1 Q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 P O0 J2 Y; r4 ~9 y
6. Group or mass petitions1 {$ G- }" S2 t# k3 ?" Y) W
% E- D3 X7 g5 M$ ~. ]( ?) L
Communications with a Wider Audience
2 p; Q. X8 ^2 H: D0 i5 P ? 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ C' u! a! e) `4 _6 |$ J 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 M% d6 @5 V3 U6 D( H8 ^" u5 ~ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ ]9 n" z! k5 v 10. Newspapers and journals
- {, e7 Y5 h# ]) s 11. Records, radio, and television
9 ]' f! l: j6 Z& U+ S5 v. ~ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 ?' S1 W! L" ^/ ~: j: P1 B
) a: f! H# k* r' T( {
Group Representations/ h; G% J" B. f( ]4 u4 ^
13. Deputations. t' V1 {5 b! O" Z; x
14. Mock awards
$ m' o' Z/ X8 b s0 x 15. Group lobbying
0 H* N, z; l# ^0 r; D 16. Picketing' F. z; \8 R$ f9 u B, y8 I0 Z1 s% y
17. Mock elections
: m% D6 T, C1 t: m
7 s3 ]0 S, {2 R8 ISymbolic Public Acts' X2 j# _( i+ J, A) Z8 e
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
" U9 q3 M! f3 n; i- G4 u8 ~ 19. Wearing of symbols( A" Y b" v& f l w
20. Prayer and worship
; Z* H/ F) H9 E( }% d% u 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 G- E+ F/ L+ D 22. Protest disrobings0 Y- X: k- ~/ [0 J
23. Destruction of own property- b: M3 m" J' p# M, r* a
24. Symbolic lights; N* V n: O4 p: _$ P! Y
25. Displays of portraits2 Z0 M1 C0 X" n3 m2 [- _4 c( ]
26. Paint as protest- D, q7 B: w( s _/ V. S
27. New signs and names
& p% c1 A) e5 ~! @ 28. Symbolic sounds; U. ~- ? ? u/ V% X) D& a: G/ d
29. Symbolic reclamations7 j9 C4 C+ I4 V' P& i
30. Rude gestures- G0 U5 ~; w- L$ B- G9 l
8 ~* Z$ [# _4 z" o: uPressures on Individuals: V1 |( j& Z* y& d* ~0 x+ n. ~. A
31. “Haunting” officials c: X D0 N2 F" {2 Y
32. Taunting officials" i; l* b. I1 t7 A+ z8 D! }( f V
33. Fraternization4 X: H/ y3 k+ ^1 L
34. Vigils- ^/ e# G1 T p c% o: C7 @
0 j1 i5 }; U6 b: pDrama and Music
; a( f( B, r$ _; T, E* \; k 35. Humorous skits and pranks, g9 a6 Z( p) ?0 |% [
36. Performances of plays and music8 U$ C! k* u& F! }: e
37. Singing
y1 C7 Y5 N: V9 N
$ q3 c( x" p) i" Z8 k- @. b% n7 \' _Processions) c+ B, Y3 z/ P& Y5 U+ R
38. Marches/ U: t# l2 {$ X, w) E; I
39. Parades# ^9 h! W2 K3 _; ~6 u! g7 x- f' |- J
40. Religious processions- W U9 [! M2 j' J' k% J3 A0 ?
41. Pilgrimages4 O* R1 [" |8 c& c
42. Motorcades
W. X% g7 Z' Z ~% |/ K4 E' Q5 C" Y* r
Honoring the Dead
! Q. o5 {7 r* c) S2 k6 W 43. Political mourning
E0 s3 c+ P3 C9 Z/ n0 A& ] 44. Mock funerals
7 W* G) z) Q( ]+ D 45. Demonstrative funerals
& U; P* t8 a$ u) X 46. Homage at burial places1 `7 p7 o& \! l; c8 t
0 P. X; I/ ?/ b+ \) s2 S
Public Assemblies
2 i4 g' \( N. G' H- H 47. Assemblies of protest or support, N* }! K% ^! v) y- D- H& z
48. Protest meetings
5 S3 ~# f# B* g! l2 C 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
X9 \+ \) q4 V1 W# ` 50. Teach-ins7 j6 N" l; q+ ]' J: y$ {9 x
' {3 S# A. \" m& {( K& j" _Withdrawal and Renunciation! i2 U% C' l0 p$ w' P, D
51. Walk-outs# I! k& r( ?" H8 y( r$ |
52. Silence
) P1 [: t& v0 [2 e) L7 c# f 53. Renouncing honors
1 G# G: R4 K7 f8 G 54. Turning one’s back
9 q0 L" T* D) b9 a/ @8 r/ q; {6 F1 U# M+ r6 y2 k! L
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1 P1 D! U. \- w! {* m
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 H- W. O4 e# m1 l/ i
7 O! p4 }# a% J# Y. ]
+ K9 s; u3 Q# J. X
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Ostracism of Persons
; K* P( g) V/ |1 C" f( P 55. Social boycott: F' C4 N) h& n3 M! {2 H
56. Selective social boycott
% d- A* ~) b$ w* ] 57. Lysistratic nonaction" @& g* p S1 g L
58. Excommunication/ b: ]$ b: }& Y; J- g4 X! V
59. Interdict
: S' D X( q" p# n z2 `4 `/ V, F, T: E
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! w* |- s6 D$ J$ J 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' Y! @! i2 s K( o9 m, R
61. Boycott of social affairs- R8 C+ B1 U9 x' N% {
62. Student strike1 n' j; o9 F% [/ p9 j: L
63. Social disobedience
* H' N3 y8 E! P B7 b% |" T. W 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ z% D' K/ C8 N
) x% W9 ]* Y, i4 A1 @# C9 mWithdrawal from the Social System# l! F" F( P3 }8 h" M
65. Stay-at-home3 B% n" B# |! Q
66. Total personal noncooperation* L# [. b2 D6 |- C
67. “Flight” of workers" T J5 k: h* l
68. Sanctuary
8 `. t! b4 }$ j% O$ K9 x- X 69. Collective disappearance- p$ q& T+ s1 k+ O+ h! w- G1 @4 b
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 X, _ i$ z6 N n0 Q3 \& m
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- Q5 ]2 C% g0 [) _6 J( w9 T5 z
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% q, @+ W& I" j! g b0 u+ A5 N% PActions by Consumers- H4 J* e; A# o) y" n4 ]1 m3 d
71. Consumers’ boycott, d* u' [$ \+ y: X# f0 p W1 b" Y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ L0 G1 k# t3 u
73. Policy of austerity" L& N4 k: o, a
74. Rent withholding
5 Z2 o) I# l, I$ K, ] 75. Refusal to rent9 n0 b3 r9 i0 Q4 ~/ q+ g
76. National consumers’ boycott
$ H9 e+ J; F7 q1 d 77. International consumers’ boycott+ _0 K+ r3 C8 J9 E
6 P4 a& g2 U$ |! `; `
Action by Workers and Producers7 n( Q0 W" J$ m; u; ?2 t0 q
78. Workmen’s boycott5 i* M K$ A e) [
79. Producers’ boycott
) G* S! G0 ^% C; }7 a
# J* d7 f/ O1 C qAction by Middlemen5 E5 n/ ]0 h& x# i u& v9 G
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ w( p, z! @, R$ a8 k, i1 n
2 r, B. H( l* G. W% _8 e3 |Action by Owners and Management
' L3 P& H" G/ }; w/ h, [ 81. Traders’ boycott
8 V# p. K4 d; o8 j 82. Refusal to let or sell property
; g1 C$ U' S; R* s) I 83. Lockout7 v3 F* B' K* m& d, Q$ g# H
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 x7 J, m& a2 D! t6 T' B 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( F. L$ S1 C: x8 {0 K+ v( {" q& o: q4 D/ P6 e1 s; }6 `
Action by Holders of Financial Resources& Q5 d$ F# m1 S6 Y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; V/ g/ U- L- y! p5 B. M$ \
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. S- l8 r# f; P6 q1 c. q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 n d O: e+ i) u* E2 T* h 89. Severance of funds and credit3 |' d/ n. K- T6 N, j+ X
90. Revenue refusal, ~; U/ I2 f, |4 ~
91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 N |0 t1 h1 o) }$ C, E J F
' O7 K' f' O! R7 X gAction by Governments
2 A1 |2 x6 C* _8 u( C5 K 92. Domestic embargo
. X3 D. C, D+ m5 H' ~- ?. {5 W# m& O 93. Blacklisting of traders
: S; T2 o6 o; W; U. c 94. International sellers’ embargo |1 P5 y& R Z5 p
95. International buyers’ embargo
* T- ^8 s: }- e+ N6 C 96. International trade embargo& y/ \! t+ n& Q. I# d2 o" {
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* d! r( d1 x3 @; j9 v& N( m3 b l/ U& GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE, [& j) o5 q! E! V+ T
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Symbolic Strikes
4 p7 N2 {6 P7 s 97. Protest strike5 [9 G: d' B3 i/ F \/ o
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 ^# {& p. J2 l! u4 j* [7 C, f4 G/ N" z
Agricultural Strikes. Z% b( Y5 O" E3 j
99. Peasant strike
- o4 X* u6 G# c 100. Farm Workers’ strike/ b: K: c3 O) B; M# }, v
+ C8 X8 Z& I4 P3 xStrikes by Special Groups" m. c" K7 y# A6 E
101. Refusal of impressed labor5 q0 T4 z3 L( I
102. Prisoners’ strike
2 Q) D2 A+ R0 p- M7 |* t! o# \ 103. Craft strike, X- y/ e9 ]( F9 I+ R
104. Professional strike, O- b/ A( r; f+ F% E* R9 m1 w
9 T! p: j! a2 d' c( t# P Z) D
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
5 s$ t$ s4 i* k. Q" U 105. Establishment strike v) V. @- V8 J' H3 d3 ?
106. Industry strike4 ?& [0 G4 [8 G2 C
107. Sympathetic strike
* Z; ~' k" h9 i8 {0 G! G9 m8 x! ]+ L
. J d. k( X, L' A4 r8 p [Restricted Strikes3 i' h! e, [0 o: o7 k" B: _7 u
108. Detailed strike S1 y0 G" }* \" y% i
109. Bumper strike8 [ }9 e0 j8 ]( z
110. Slowdown strike
! z* Z5 u& ~. q" l 111. Working-to-rule strike! h6 [# w/ `, M& q
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 |* P6 j+ W) |( g# [" X 113. Strike by resignation' h$ t+ {# x6 y
114. Limited strike
8 H$ U- D( F4 i2 z& Q0 A 115. Selective strike9 q4 s7 Q) k+ B8 \' B9 V' D0 |
( X3 k' T, J0 D2 ?2 \# S
Multi-Industry Strikes
+ p9 I9 D/ F) K( U
* g3 q5 L3 g0 b( L/ Q0 h( R( }) z 116. Generalized strike' |8 b6 H9 K/ F6 n
3 @) k5 O# J% k. e+ d# i" e 117. General strike
% V4 g& X" I/ `+ `% l
/ S: t0 g$ A& |2 b4 vCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures5 T7 u2 i' J9 ]5 ^1 Q& D
$ m) n# K3 `4 y9 k: U, P 118. Hartal
7 u0 T9 M3 T$ G, N8 b: }4 I" h+ I+ b$ w" @: T7 z
119. Economic shutdown8 V, S3 @* I+ N y/ e
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3 J, s1 j' J2 N( y+ v8 z( L+ G4 V; u9 P; ^& Z g! o3 A/ k0 |2 G& G
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( S& W0 _! ?* R7 p, e6 o$ {5 n
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: ]: n2 B& ^6 D& k5 oRejection of Authority/ V" u: {" N/ N
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; p- l8 ^) o! y, q* x' t 121. Refusal of public support2 a L2 o$ G3 z+ E* W, W- a
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 A0 [! E" e% b8 t$ R8 C
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; y" ^" c% X5 `% }1 y* h# Y8 G 124. Boycott of elections7 N8 f/ s# P* K5 F" Z% K/ C0 ~" y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# H$ k, D6 D0 e 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; d1 I7 _- z( x0 X 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% Q, [; _: Y5 ^9 K# ?" L
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ n* P7 m8 c6 I1 D1 t. t1 ~" \ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, N; h; W* E: f' J' V7 x. x
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, w; B, D5 B5 A9 u; m 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# @9 W, g( `' m( N
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. Q3 D1 J/ B7 p1 S& a
% b- n6 Y4 Z$ Z9 K
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 ^; _) @, ?# w) ~6 P
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. v- N+ F+ I% g5 z( x) B1 S) q 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
! S/ F. L7 S( [' { 135. Popular nonobedience
+ F8 b9 r* p4 @$ R( L0 i 136. Disguised disobedience
3 d) j* R( X8 {' w; ?+ Q 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 [; N4 E7 |# h# @
138. Sitdown
5 T" ~! L2 E5 O* E9 V! l0 k0 d. T1 @ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! x! d" g4 V2 E: @# M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& Q. t7 g* S, y% W
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" o" T* `9 O+ h+ ~7 p9 s
8 E8 H6 t! z r5 l+ EAction by Government Personnel" a2 M& c v* C) Z+ t' M
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 x; C5 W; _* W1 `% \
143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 G" \2 S1 Y4 [& y" [; V
144. Stalling and obstruction i* M( ~: n. Y5 l3 `' \
145. General administrative noncooperation! a4 L/ t5 u) ], ^* x
v3 h: K; G- ] L$ @% K# Q. w
146. Judicial noncooperation
; y! F: m2 ]2 n, R 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# T. E% f0 T- C2 s 148. Mutiny/ N; n3 u+ R% i% f8 M; b, z6 M- D; _& _
Domestic Governmental Action
$ L. P# H2 ~' p; o) K, |9 g 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: D# c: i8 S- G u5 }7 o w 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units, _/ l8 f& H2 Q* @8 [3 @# H, c/ L
/ ?% L' h4 j% G' U( iInternational Governmental Action% F9 T) w9 p. w3 _- \1 \" Z8 l
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( j2 C4 q" Z1 H3 C* J* U- V9 N 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! b# q6 w+ S& a. o
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 f2 L1 k# w" U- L 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
) a7 ^! {8 c' I2 u 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# O8 s$ s6 j$ c" O# ?3 y- { 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' @- t* ?1 g, f; q! O0 W! O9 Q2 n
157. Expulsion from international organizations5 d0 D5 c a' g! G4 D2 u
6 m+ S0 T" I6 Q! J, {; F9 ?- m ; c5 a( e- j1 H- N2 A; j
. y; ^$ j6 V3 D; K& _$ zTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 w" n7 ]* H5 }- C3 V
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- u! Z6 N2 z% o2 _9 h) mPsychological Intervention
$ b& H; d" d6 J0 ?# Z 158. Self-exposure to the elements, J" e$ x7 }2 o1 W, c2 {
159. The fast3 W% l5 {1 ]3 R$ B5 l8 [
a) Fast of moral pressure* @8 M) j4 j1 ~ x4 }( Q% B
b) Hunger strike) f A; J( y+ `/ N; v& q/ }% Z
c) Satyagrahic fast
* D- e1 |, E* ?$ ]6 Y( S% Z( @ 160. Reverse trial6 }) d6 n9 S0 `
161. Nonviolent harassment& G/ a6 `; |( h" Q; B$ t% J
5 p4 P+ E0 p4 ` Q/ C. }
Physical Intervention
1 t9 W2 {% o' s" x/ ?) J0 e+ V+ _ 162. Sit-in
& x- W! C2 ` C' Q# ~8 V) W6 x 163. Stand-in/ L- o' I) Z V$ B4 `1 @8 n% ^
164. Ride-in& R4 V$ n, j1 ^% P% s, u
165. Wade-in q0 C1 g8 K2 d7 `9 t- j
166. Mill-in+ O0 c% L% A" n( l
167. Pray-in2 T$ P; ^7 a1 E U L
168. Nonviolent raids
; Z" S/ \' M, A' H' |) l 169. Nonviolent air raids% M# e9 x! J1 m# O7 n6 ^, P
170. Nonviolent invasion
1 s; n K/ J2 ?: _& ]( M 171. Nonviolent interjection- K% k! S+ D z. L* n
172. Nonviolent obstruction3 S, ~( `: ?9 g: X( I/ D7 ~
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
6 n3 P3 J) Q6 Z9 l 174. Establishing new social patterns1 Y0 C8 {* t2 Z! `) M
175. Overloading of facilities! A! j- s2 n' |0 q3 b5 X% k$ }+ B
176. Stall-in, F% R3 l* X2 \7 R' R7 ^$ G. i
177. Speak-in
5 ~: S% \: t% y, s( }* F' ~1 ? 178. Guerrilla theater/ c" s. Q$ A0 F, k" Z
179. Alternative social institutions ]* X6 I, _5 U2 v3 ^2 I& C0 v, u) o
180. Alternative communication system
1 V* b, ^9 E, ^3 _
7 f- Q; a: A/ [ K8 zEconomic Intervention
* G, G* U& m7 A3 z 181. Reverse strike
# ]) j( @# L, `7 q" D 182. Stay-in strike
2 P) f' X! D* Y) P* n) t% k; x 183. Nonviolent land seizure
! H- |- Y: V$ Z, O6 x% G5 n4 a/ e 184. Defiance of blockades( P# C/ \( _" d$ r; j0 ]; B' G
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting9 Z/ ?* r( u3 e& m
186. Preclusive purchasing B/ V( V \, @$ g6 \$ i1 U
187. Seizure of assets
2 F# ]2 B- R6 x( A 188. Dumping7 j4 A6 s8 Q1 A0 Z3 z5 j% |
189. Selective patronage
" w9 X, x- p$ K7 U$ E/ x' i 190. Alternative markets h; Z4 V8 k' W9 x
191. Alternative transportation systems' q4 I! K( O2 _1 I4 N% a
192. Alternative economic institutions: t" i/ c- h- L" u- f( X, j
" x5 V U, l: `" W- e: q* z8 T
Political Intervention
t; Y' c6 u) U. P: `* K 193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 K' Y0 t+ T$ z: ?1 s+ _ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! E2 O" G3 {' ]* j4 o0 J
195. Seeking imprisonment& I/ @( }% t6 G% M/ T: f
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 n& l3 K: ~2 L: C
197. Work-on without collaboration$ L$ f( s) {& X3 j* V' u. N
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government& e5 S" i9 L+ d+ S
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
