 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& A1 f+ c$ H2 w/ i X) c% v
Formal Statements& O p! Z4 s% P' i
1. Public Speeches m( U, ?0 a8 ]3 h
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ O% n. M3 K9 F; r2 ` 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions2 _. b9 I _- R) {% y9 M
4. Signed public statements
* D- e) A7 v% Z5 y" v 5. Declarations of indictment and intention. g+ e( m7 l p+ x
6. Group or mass petitions
4 u) d& j5 t. \# `2 _- S; U1 B: o7 }
Communications with a Wider Audience9 I- e2 m! @- Z8 T. M' V
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 _) s- Q+ }9 X" h2 q6 ~% X
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 O, u/ g$ E7 G# L 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' D0 H7 C1 [6 R7 t% M# i) h. a! S 10. Newspapers and journals, O( h0 O# V- @: S0 ^
11. Records, radio, and television4 r( k: V. X h/ B, {0 U% Y7 z! w8 i
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 ?7 T( \8 C" h- q: S: _' q& ~: ]
Group Representations
2 j* H- n6 i4 b: g% t. s% ~ 13. Deputations' a! N" U0 z- ^- p* E
14. Mock awards
2 C# O2 [; S: E; l; T 15. Group lobbying/ q7 |- E9 ~8 V. G# r1 g
16. Picketing
8 o/ o! j& ?7 `1 M. x1 I) x5 l 17. Mock elections3 @7 s; g6 u% p4 F; x. P' f
8 v: |/ q% Q2 e+ G& w; s0 ]) D% gSymbolic Public Acts
3 I6 J4 Z9 G3 R5 }9 T3 P/ F% K 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. p$ l# x. P5 v* V
19. Wearing of symbols
& A! i+ R" Z8 F; b( I4 n 20. Prayer and worship/ w( W7 c7 i* Y
21. Delivering symbolic objects
" @+ P# F. @0 k* P: s/ E 22. Protest disrobings
, y( H! T, x- R. k 23. Destruction of own property
0 S3 A2 Q) X$ o. E 24. Symbolic lights% X* V" \& e! S6 O, j1 |& d8 N
25. Displays of portraits
. Z% p; c, A9 R# V& z* }) y1 C 26. Paint as protest) M8 j$ l4 h& k5 n9 j6 i/ L; c
27. New signs and names% e* v1 j+ G5 p1 h
28. Symbolic sounds" j: N1 r' O# M7 m( J" {
29. Symbolic reclamations4 z& M7 f4 Y8 _; c: M" ?+ G
30. Rude gestures, k- N+ w& H. E* k: c3 m
/ _ K, R1 _) s$ j; \0 l, G
Pressures on Individuals9 @/ @: c4 S/ w" t
31. “Haunting” officials, [; M5 y8 J6 I3 ]* x
32. Taunting officials5 g, R# d' b; v' r' r3 V2 ]
33. Fraternization
, s6 Q/ r- j7 Y4 K$ r. i 34. Vigils* }5 }0 V# s* A0 p/ G9 x9 b9 @- c+ J
0 ~& g! O! @/ z4 [& W( ]0 ~! N' xDrama and Music6 z. C8 X9 z( ]: u# O4 w( v
35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 C, ~0 `7 r: P- R 36. Performances of plays and music
- `& l6 P" T8 T# x 37. Singing8 C( Q7 a6 l. h: I J
) v1 a; L: o4 N* R b# gProcessions+ S) l+ v4 N% b1 n$ q
38. Marches% [1 D/ i' K- \4 b
39. Parades
* A6 }) n- u8 U' t* X3 v 40. Religious processions
9 f9 \& {" K( M7 V4 e2 y 41. Pilgrimages
( U+ z: E( [8 n- n; T# \) V 42. Motorcades1 A9 _1 G X* a# M
5 B) j. k8 I" T6 j e, h+ |Honoring the Dead
$ a4 g' [( M8 `0 I* o) G 43. Political mourning& k9 o Y: {1 Z# B9 o
44. Mock funerals& V. Z* e: m4 H
45. Demonstrative funerals
% Y t) D6 ]5 b. E$ ` 46. Homage at burial places3 z2 H% O/ ~1 }
4 h% }2 B0 m) @( J0 O2 cPublic Assemblies
t9 w+ g" y/ B 47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ a. ]( b* H9 v 48. Protest meetings
* f; ^! S* ?; Z& } 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 D% z" C* N' \+ I7 D4 b: D
50. Teach-ins
& D* c% V- i. S% n, [- u
( ^/ ~1 P2 x0 r& I0 h" k3 N% HWithdrawal and Renunciation
( f% F& |2 H8 z 51. Walk-outs3 O( M. x1 g5 e& n5 j: L
52. Silence0 P9 W- A0 I+ p+ e/ S8 Q1 C
53. Renouncing honors2 }2 n5 e8 G# E3 b4 f
54. Turning one’s back
8 y/ B9 A1 G$ u- Z" o# l
6 ^' w4 m7 O+ w, j/ Y * L2 N l; ~6 J! {( S6 e U
7 f g6 F4 T9 k3 C. H( A# [THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
+ t. c; U a9 d: L) B
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3 V7 D3 ^4 i/ qOstracism of Persons1 A1 q. p. k+ f x7 F7 M
55. Social boycott
6 ]: t1 ?6 _* `# T( P: A 56. Selective social boycott
5 N# [! U# e' \ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
; N* G% {: ?& {5 [( o" a 58. Excommunication
& O9 v, a2 v9 S 59. Interdict
+ T1 {9 ~ X: F2 Y- a8 _& h) M/ L) ]# ], x1 Z6 r* g
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- W6 q" z. I' f2 I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
* r/ X; h, G. v% | 61. Boycott of social affairs
; z2 R% _6 q# t# [9 C- m! Q; w 62. Student strike
! K/ y3 F A9 ? 63. Social disobedience
9 s0 M, u+ @- Y ?) l 64. Withdrawal from social institutions: r) d) l0 V( m9 Q4 q3 @1 w
6 A: G( g; Y6 s
Withdrawal from the Social System( F8 ]; K( Y" T) D
65. Stay-at-home; M/ x! J" Q" j7 E% X! T
66. Total personal noncooperation# C& H' U9 ] a6 x
67. “Flight” of workers& g0 u" o/ a2 Z. O) ?, y
68. Sanctuary
1 P3 v) _5 S/ r9 R: g4 Y 69. Collective disappearance9 A7 p1 b2 Q+ p
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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3 s! Z4 C: z, |6 pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. @& z4 a, L$ S% i$ p) m
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' P5 t7 X, ]! j: rActions by Consumers4 Z0 W' R% i6 y! W) k
71. Consumers’ boycott5 r0 R3 |' @- Z0 J/ ]% {, O! X
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% a( ~0 {# H( H; r 73. Policy of austerity3 |4 [. a5 D: i6 i* o V# m
74. Rent withholding4 U, j- P- \4 P$ |0 h
75. Refusal to rent$ W e2 ?3 ~0 z# w0 p4 ^
76. National consumers’ boycott- v' S2 N j6 B
77. International consumers’ boycott& U+ N8 X' P- L P+ V1 {1 ?
' O: j' W: U5 T" a* j9 [- \
Action by Workers and Producers
1 ]' @" \) L! ? 78. Workmen’s boycott
; B8 G; i8 j2 p5 D0 N% T, V! G 79. Producers’ boycott
8 Y& G: M' U; t8 k6 r6 P( _5 M0 M o0 k/ V% w3 W1 @- O! t: m
Action by Middlemen
8 M/ S6 z6 S0 T7 E3 x 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ W; C: q% ^# d% L! T$ Q* ]/ n6 H" x4 p _" W
Action by Owners and Management
" |6 r! @4 u3 j6 K1 ]: R 81. Traders’ boycott
: |, W+ ^6 L/ i" b! ?+ ?! r 82. Refusal to let or sell property
; G Y& I" c/ \" y& } 83. Lockout+ M8 T$ r* y n& o$ N1 d
84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ o# Y, g& G% O( `& F! R! Y0 ?
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
+ @! r1 c- k% r 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits6 C/ d" v6 G: w$ I& `# C5 D
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- k! b! e0 T* _1 o% B( N 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( c2 {# `4 e; o% q+ v9 i% s 89. Severance of funds and credit! T9 F. K( Q1 z
90. Revenue refusal
$ @8 j& A5 ?; F z 91. Refusal of a government’s money: L8 f& f' Q* z, B* s
* r$ h, s% @$ m) n# c
Action by Governments4 A) B% b. q- P, K0 c
92. Domestic embargo
7 G% N7 r* P+ q' X4 n* n# z4 c 93. Blacklisting of traders
, I; ^- d6 C4 Q5 r# U* R/ Z 94. International sellers’ embargo
' x W0 ?/ J1 t( `+ P 95. International buyers’ embargo
: V0 ]( U: [- m5 D G; i 96. International trade embargo" G" T4 P5 I" [7 n
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0 n# r s* `! Z( oTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE0 q K v4 F0 B4 F
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! x) t8 x+ r0 i% r3 p' Y* x: ]
Symbolic Strikes
. L+ l# A Y4 m6 m# X" [ 97. Protest strike
! V7 \# k# K5 g 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 Q: c* R' \9 I, ~. M ^3 o
* p6 V' |3 B' j' d4 e5 PAgricultural Strikes" E- M+ C! a \
99. Peasant strike
. W O! G0 W v8 Y# _ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
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# j- ~" q2 t, J9 x2 S7 UStrikes by Special Groups7 A* W: t9 t. r3 o. C! m) R+ ^
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 `4 ~/ [- j: w& P 102. Prisoners’ strike2 n) [2 P" u$ K* |% _7 a
103. Craft strike
1 ` k4 @ U" q+ l 104. Professional strike
4 U2 W& b7 x7 ` }
, i% E* W& ?0 O! v2 NOrdinary Industrial Strikes
5 c; _8 r, V" {9 Q! D4 } 105. Establishment strike3 n; F9 t2 @9 ]! u! {1 M) S
106. Industry strike
& W# m0 ^/ s% d+ S/ e0 d' N 107. Sympathetic strike
& ]. H+ v4 k" J, i9 q
H# c; d# K, ^; n }* sRestricted Strikes7 k9 [2 P7 f8 }2 K' @ T
108. Detailed strike
) R' o- y" |& f( Y" p+ {, @ 109. Bumper strike/ K4 N* T9 U: V# r/ P0 Q8 `* G+ Q
110. Slowdown strike
; G' }! ?. j, H8 @8 \+ X 111. Working-to-rule strike
6 W7 J& k3 p) S, x8 V 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' N& E( W. g; I' R; M+ F3 R6 D
113. Strike by resignation3 I* k3 T1 Y4 ^9 Q- x$ ^; U
114. Limited strike D# H7 K2 @3 F4 m$ i0 F8 V
115. Selective strike6 Q* e6 l5 M% m* |) ?: S1 C
, B* \3 i3 l" I( zMulti-Industry Strikes
$ w% k) t, Q* B: u1 D
' r9 n) m9 F( |( D' b' K 116. Generalized strike, R- w" J( A3 `5 i: a
0 n1 U) I: c$ r2 i" F
117. General strike% M! ^8 y% G$ C2 f! G
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 T- E% M* M' U! i! S/ F0 E6 y! \9 |
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118. Hartal+ v+ b& \! G7 I' H( @
7 y' h# p9 M( U% ]! J 119. Economic shutdown
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$ i/ K. Q# O$ Y/ Q$ V. z/ RTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 T5 L) S* `; a! D9 s2 f% D
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, c' S- |7 \6 B, \8 \% ~0 K
Rejection of Authority
; A/ s5 H' W1 B( D: L 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 E3 Q6 x7 Z7 N5 a1 s2 x: S 121. Refusal of public support
# X, q6 ?8 O" w$ |+ K 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) _! B0 a8 W8 i- ~2 H4 I
0 [8 k5 I, {' U/ [% ^2 s! qCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ M0 P- f6 Q& e8 Z# Z3 y' B% U 123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ g2 W6 g6 ?4 C8 z) W' z& \% s
124. Boycott of elections* I: p8 \( O7 X$ C" @
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 Y+ R2 |2 g* B( E& ^ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ v2 S. E+ z3 Z; p 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 \. U8 b3 D1 v% E
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations2 E4 H8 I7 b# z# ~
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents& N9 s [: w7 [3 Y5 @; f: o; s5 J
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: r; s& x3 J2 u: S 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 M, ^: t5 C4 F' v- ?3 B0 p 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
$ A1 I5 w. ^/ W7 w9 f, J
9 B: _# {! x0 E" K7 i3 @* S" A `0 {Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& V+ B" E& Y* v) _ w
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* b% m9 a9 {5 I( E 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; \# y/ v$ x- }$ Z$ U$ ]) \ 135. Popular nonobedience5 t7 \: q) ?" z9 S6 c+ v' J
136. Disguised disobedience
7 o% ]3 G$ s0 s2 }7 [4 l 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 q8 {' w" y0 C \+ ]0 a+ c 138. Sitdown
2 O% w9 _$ J9 O# G 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ {* _8 W1 |4 u6 b) P! ~ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, J8 \7 |$ a7 L2 q/ {$ d
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 `6 F# z5 B* q& T1 @, J
% _3 o X+ {# k# \8 \7 s% R: D
Action by Government Personnel8 a* W. ~# B' j3 X" A% M: l
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
& [" j% g8 i8 L 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' i. ^; \% Z: _9 v 144. Stalling and obstruction
# X& K7 ~% [" y- \* l 145. General administrative noncooperation3 w6 T6 U8 U3 F1 V( v
9 l( o- U, ^! z/ q* F' Y 146. Judicial noncooperation
+ I) b; Z/ H! O0 r! O+ j 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- a) x+ [0 F2 J( k( P+ M7 @( X" m 148. Mutiny
$ U: b0 t% @2 wDomestic Governmental Action2 X3 }/ f5 i+ S5 g8 e e6 i2 _% h
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' j. P, L5 E, |( z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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# T4 Y" G2 [8 E% _9 Z! WInternational Governmental Action4 X% z$ [- w, B" E' z: R* f
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations G- m4 L, t6 \+ [! d
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events L# @; M, e1 G, |
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 r, m' O2 b4 u: [
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ m6 n0 l' y# y% ] h 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. {, N* \7 _2 ~: ^$ k' b 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ i: j% F1 s- X. j: `2 \* K
157. Expulsion from international organizations* H9 g( |5 u8 x7 |, k, N& L" _
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* e- C# `3 \, T: ]$ h% A# |& O4 q% A
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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( @# [+ Z& A5 f, EPsychological Intervention
$ \* c: y9 u2 v# W5 y6 ~ 158. Self-exposure to the elements3 T: o6 y% R2 a
159. The fast# U+ Z2 W1 E# K2 W" b
a) Fast of moral pressure
: ^' H& v n& I- {( U7 R8 U b) Hunger strike1 Z! ?" @& P% d- g
c) Satyagrahic fast" N5 I7 y, O3 f/ z2 k( i
160. Reverse trial
* K& K) d9 K" J. g4 O) N 161. Nonviolent harassment' g s. o* ]7 D$ f l; j" B
1 n$ d( u# i; e" X
Physical Intervention6 K% \( i/ S7 K/ Y2 q* Q
162. Sit-in$ m3 ^ u# s. R
163. Stand-in
3 L' j/ G# E/ ?/ x 164. Ride-in
+ l# s; c! f H0 l5 P. d' I1 H 165. Wade-in, y6 f8 @, v2 T7 B. V" K* \
166. Mill-in
* i# ]4 g: y% |! }2 v 167. Pray-in
( J6 j5 C: T5 N) [ 168. Nonviolent raids! Q& y! {* P: K4 o
169. Nonviolent air raids: V& }/ C0 }4 h8 c: Z
170. Nonviolent invasion* W# s. Q# n' d+ z8 B* T
171. Nonviolent interjection
9 o) ?1 c1 @$ V% ?0 P 172. Nonviolent obstruction
. c- D2 y+ c d$ T/ N2 d 173. Nonviolent occupation
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: g: c% Y; p1 |& J$ C. b& USocial Intervention
# y' V8 e" b% B Z, ]1 r% L 174. Establishing new social patterns) r) z' ?1 C+ L: t3 _" u
175. Overloading of facilities% ^& |# h7 P, N6 c9 N- v, W4 n
176. Stall-in
& q2 z9 Y6 `. E* F4 M2 M. `* I 177. Speak-in
# j; N# E% o6 X 178. Guerrilla theater
( p% o5 S' L& e* f7 j1 b. \ 179. Alternative social institutions, H5 |0 b* o: u- ]
180. Alternative communication system. |' O1 O0 R4 v# _4 ~
& H- J6 i; X# k# q# E5 o& V: X! M
Economic Intervention
+ F- X! M$ o* ~) J$ }6 n1 l 181. Reverse strike
$ `# i1 y1 q7 K- k; b3 g 182. Stay-in strike. P4 N2 Q! g p- a1 j6 w" f
183. Nonviolent land seizure3 s4 Q6 E {- h8 ?
184. Defiance of blockades
$ d* v( ^$ U& g$ N; T+ ?5 M( k2 p 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* @0 P4 b/ [4 E( P
186. Preclusive purchasing
" s8 [. y; ^( z8 q/ V 187. Seizure of assets
! q& d7 F4 a' r) R9 N* C' ` 188. Dumping3 Z, i1 W" `2 z$ n# f# u9 d( Q
189. Selective patronage6 p' c$ H* k; J. a; t+ ^
190. Alternative markets
( W+ I& A* X; g# j0 T 191. Alternative transportation systems
( N- }9 d2 o' x. a& @+ F 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 D8 Q F* c: U+ i# m
/ h; @1 j# [6 \+ o3 Z& X4 W; V6 GPolitical Intervention: l3 f5 W9 ]( D7 w k5 o+ c% r$ F+ @. y
193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 }6 N# r# Q- X! W* w5 j- Q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 }5 O+ y& t1 }! F8 x 195. Seeking imprisonment8 b& h. [, E7 I3 N
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
f1 f$ w1 `3 ]/ j7 s+ [% S 197. Work-on without collaboration
7 y# `, E: b; S: T8 V$ \ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
