 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 Q( ]% ], v( j& [7 V
Formal Statements
8 {8 r8 Z3 V& Y, ^3 S 1. Public Speeches! i& ?% }+ W$ A& a: a9 i: y8 k
2. Letters of opposition or support
3 g! c9 _2 P+ x 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( Y' y& M7 @- z) ~" z7 |
4. Signed public statements) J9 @( z. y' R8 j3 i% C4 N4 \6 V/ E
5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ z/ G6 @+ a9 o
6. Group or mass petitions
& `6 L9 N* s% j* Q6 }# ^
- y8 J5 w) Z+ C+ r; s* M+ R1 aCommunications with a Wider Audience
) T9 h9 s- z, C8 W0 X5 P 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 v; l' G4 O* [+ @ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 [, u! K" k8 R6 n( V! L8 }' U
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( m) x3 r- H4 Q1 ~4 ]4 A
10. Newspapers and journals
9 e8 Z3 i( x3 c* K 11. Records, radio, and television
! W" j& d' c& b7 b) u 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
2 k+ |4 d, M$ ]+ {2 D7 k' J5 D2 \
Group Representations/ N5 z1 t+ _/ |* }
13. Deputations
6 G: r) _# \! B0 B' ^/ \ 14. Mock awards4 B7 Y7 y y5 X
15. Group lobbying
" f/ }! [1 k8 W$ P! D, G 16. Picketing
3 @0 r# {4 B/ l4 D2 d 17. Mock elections2 W& b7 M. n9 \" X0 T* b; g8 w
- v7 O" Z' b4 j: U& \5 f4 x( @Symbolic Public Acts' o; X& S& |& z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% d! b* ^3 @1 ^9 `1 M% x 19. Wearing of symbols/ G5 \* A' X; }4 P' h4 g) q
20. Prayer and worship6 D1 q% L1 c' m$ O% E& K
21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 d# @* X* H2 T9 ^: z 22. Protest disrobings
) s2 P' {) [7 k0 t7 `; }3 i; P5 X0 \ 23. Destruction of own property4 ]+ }: _5 T7 s
24. Symbolic lights
! p P2 P* r* g6 ?) v$ P 25. Displays of portraits
) C$ j2 q6 G2 i4 X6 ^ 26. Paint as protest& z6 ?) ^ g5 P% K) N
27. New signs and names2 m8 G. A2 _( V( X5 Y/ T
28. Symbolic sounds
) M8 P3 c8 h5 i' q$ Y3 A* L 29. Symbolic reclamations4 K3 \2 ^9 y- J
30. Rude gestures1 V0 Q$ N' C9 j( d c8 m+ D, C, K
3 v0 _$ j( }" S2 w2 lPressures on Individuals
# H$ w7 v3 n0 Y* k' Z 31. “Haunting” officials
! ^1 F+ P* ^: e% e' O8 | 32. Taunting officials% Q/ x P6 Q, I! y% F! {
33. Fraternization+ O4 P2 S8 ?1 M
34. Vigils, O* v n4 }, l, U& z, ]
3 I3 {& }7 G8 b/ D) r/ i
Drama and Music2 g" J/ _% _9 B
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ {7 S9 Y) k3 `4 ?# K
36. Performances of plays and music
- G- f; W1 x' W! a" V* e( w 37. Singing
, U0 v/ i% ?+ n+ c* |
. b; g7 g; i' g' Y, V' x" |Processions
# X8 o' [5 h) F- I4 g# X 38. Marches8 C# {- @' Q' Z8 }2 S6 H
39. Parades6 O8 P- S5 d5 ] l
40. Religious processions
3 ^! P! C* Y; S3 e' q 41. Pilgrimages) K" }, X! j ]
42. Motorcades7 ` j" Q" C; ^) H
& Z+ u1 H3 Z( VHonoring the Dead4 W1 X* W% B( Y3 P' V; F
43. Political mourning. c' Z* M& b3 _# w# Y
44. Mock funerals' ]' R5 Q, i& q- k, N% \
45. Demonstrative funerals
" g" @7 w# t. D8 { _) C 46. Homage at burial places, D' O5 l6 R) d3 h
5 D8 ]! D! ?" E( k/ R* E T
Public Assemblies3 `# @. o6 u1 X3 G
47. Assemblies of protest or support
. H- K1 ]" ?# J, H1 o2 C% K4 R6 q 48. Protest meetings
' H( D& n9 Z! Z. s 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( r4 [! p8 q* P2 w2 y9 k! V. ?$ C 50. Teach-ins- d. c, Y& C1 r R; t
2 Z+ Z/ r5 D' q! i W1 z# y
Withdrawal and Renunciation8 n8 } t1 j2 ~' I/ g* L- z J8 U
51. Walk-outs
! R$ v( b- U5 Q, v S 52. Silence5 Z% E5 ~7 H3 i/ @$ m6 j L
53. Renouncing honors" T! v9 C& z& q8 ?- x
54. Turning one’s back9 V! P7 d8 ]( |+ ]6 B& b
9 F7 G$ S5 K( D& {: Y& E
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+ O) X$ `2 l l/ jTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION8 O5 v' ?6 Z, ]/ @: W
+ D, |; p0 U7 f( n; [4 q, Y
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Ostracism of Persons
4 L ~% L1 M- C# R# {5 Z& ^, M; o4 o" q' \ 55. Social boycott
- [& ^+ p, c/ C% n) j# J4 | 56. Selective social boycott2 S- [9 v! c9 g1 Z* M; X
57. Lysistratic nonaction( e3 }( F0 T! D* d: {; `
58. Excommunication( @/ |4 I' }, t+ D" Y, G9 P
59. Interdict
' x: g# _: L/ p5 u* Q* A
5 ]0 p- @/ y% s' p1 e9 ~5 |! } y) iNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) }" Z, L8 {, i5 H. I0 u" i 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 ]& R. e( B! \ a- v. a8 M* S 61. Boycott of social affairs
: v/ c$ y& g0 n9 a3 z8 v 62. Student strike) u( T. n, ]) K* D. ^) f+ s/ c; r
63. Social disobedience
6 b8 l, b' {8 w# |+ o" _ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions) T, P& m6 I4 B5 ^# J
4 }! B! j! V4 u7 [; b" I) l6 i
Withdrawal from the Social System5 Z5 `! N( R& Q* @ h
65. Stay-at-home
+ Q# I( M2 x1 S1 J 66. Total personal noncooperation) ~% p1 x2 v, b3 k' y! Z
67. “Flight” of workers# n* V$ P0 ?( Z- `( C+ Q1 F
68. Sanctuary8 d; s" F1 w" h
69. Collective disappearance
7 _% [) T) Z: U5 A 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 r7 M1 Y% ~% ?+ i- L& i8 X5 Q3 ?
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 Y) y5 v0 M; ?
+ {4 H# n; ?7 J* q H# r; E$ q
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Actions by Consumers7 Y) g- T( g7 v
71. Consumers’ boycott
4 g0 K( B4 P+ v7 Y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 |! @" m( J _
73. Policy of austerity. W% S! A, P% `( r% _8 E: u) H0 H
74. Rent withholding
+ N' w# O5 h$ A0 W: @/ q 75. Refusal to rent
( X$ R, @" t$ n. l 76. National consumers’ boycott9 U- G% o. n% Y: J
77. International consumers’ boycott# L8 n' o9 H, a, o2 a% z/ e
j6 R- d- G$ I) xAction by Workers and Producers
! m/ S0 M1 W1 x" f6 X$ x! s 78. Workmen’s boycott! J' b' g) ]) }3 H/ \3 p+ j
79. Producers’ boycott
: y! r, K7 L; H7 C
( Z1 [! W6 S" x0 ]+ rAction by Middlemen
7 S: o* F. I( } }+ ?* V! [ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* j$ B: E) T/ H% c; S- }" d
, e- d$ Z* D/ O1 c7 F, G( i* t! f4 W1 O& tAction by Owners and Management7 T9 k+ W+ r2 W
81. Traders’ boycott: S# }6 {4 r0 X9 g
82. Refusal to let or sell property3 U( @% H1 C8 p
83. Lockout; J' D$ @% M# z) |6 `( J0 v
84. Refusal of industrial assistance: s. d3 Q8 X# S/ X, F- r
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& y: [! C4 D+ x; B, X% D: g. M0 {, B- W0 f; Z* y
Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 R1 H2 J2 L) I
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% W! X" d' z% e9 n
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( k: c2 ?9 }* C% I! E# y3 C5 K
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 X$ D+ D5 j* d) q9 q c6 K: l9 e
89. Severance of funds and credit' S0 I; a0 x# X* [' `& G% }
90. Revenue refusal
) P0 C0 P5 y* U; B9 p$ \+ S 91. Refusal of a government’s money5 h# F. `7 V. A3 _0 c% ?
" @( ^" f) C9 ]/ s& {- nAction by Governments
( m& a! v/ N" k 92. Domestic embargo- N; C7 E3 `5 f' R
93. Blacklisting of traders% O l, r* S {& Y% f) a
94. International sellers’ embargo, [/ P0 l5 n1 F. Q4 U2 X
95. International buyers’ embargo! @5 t& H/ C+ i8 u, G0 ~
96. International trade embargo
3 g# r9 }5 c1 G n( g! Y0 h( K, V2 m* _' {$ v, U8 J
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0 V9 ?* B- W! Z) V' { xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
* @) {% ]& h2 f! w9 D, p0 [/ `1 \) x$ \$ |7 P) d6 s% s
, H' c$ X/ S7 h: z: R: w" {8 rSymbolic Strikes; |3 a3 P# Z" f9 _: o
97. Protest strike
) l: z( i% o( _/ E 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 t4 A5 x# X( T# X9 W* E L' u9 q7 S* V/ {5 a
Agricultural Strikes% c6 c! _5 P6 O3 W2 j7 T
99. Peasant strike4 j% A( X" i6 e
100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 x$ ?, `4 j3 e& {% H) g& V- k" N% _ s1 H& b) G0 e7 `
Strikes by Special Groups
1 O/ j: H9 h# P6 [0 i9 f 101. Refusal of impressed labor
! i9 L& g$ x3 S1 y0 c 102. Prisoners’ strike
; D! B2 W, P6 h6 n4 A/ s( ]+ X ], Y 103. Craft strike
; v7 E; d. [" _4 N* r 104. Professional strike
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0 W4 [* `0 V) w( O/ k# J, [/ vOrdinary Industrial Strikes6 l" S0 `8 j* u/ ^) }
105. Establishment strike, _( v: t4 f' ^6 m& a3 I1 s
106. Industry strike
! i3 N* m, \8 [# u: r' n 107. Sympathetic strike5 C3 P( A7 i6 s, J; I
1 w# u3 W' P8 a' L
Restricted Strikes' O. S3 U; C, S4 q( h
108. Detailed strike8 O4 m3 s/ P9 R' w. S5 z" S
109. Bumper strike4 J0 B3 z( l( l% s$ K% C2 z' X
110. Slowdown strike7 T2 k$ d; |" t' B, p$ c
111. Working-to-rule strike& c% I! } T: d5 O! O w$ B5 P
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); y) c& r, t$ ^) g& M3 e2 e$ }
113. Strike by resignation
0 p: N" E! X2 {* \ 114. Limited strike' }' j# P7 d K# y: ^* J
115. Selective strike
/ {" P1 @2 ]) [- I
1 n; h/ @9 R# e; w" Z6 ~" AMulti-Industry Strikes
# n7 W- D+ j( V A0 ~9 x3 `
1 H, K" t- F3 l d- z9 v) [ 116. Generalized strike
; K0 g0 {5 i+ ~2 q% A
, ?. J% F/ o% b) V 117. General strike
; \9 T& k( j1 A4 P9 ^ ?) T) _/ z6 [
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures% L- V t. e! F- R8 F" Z. N+ i. M9 t
( m' [7 I6 o- a/ J6 x# l
118. Hartal' ~- t; M6 J% s
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119. Economic shutdown
3 s4 b: l; [' _! x
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
9 F( A) H' b! P/ G4 S 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 u8 h, s6 C+ |/ M- i
121. Refusal of public support
2 o- h \; T' l+ h/ [7 E* ]$ Q- l 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# W/ Y) u9 ]! n2 b6 q
. ^/ {( }8 f! z3 B. d5 k
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! o: u% R9 f' k8 }
123. Boycott of legislative bodies- m0 Q; V @2 d. I; {' y3 H
124. Boycott of elections
# D& z1 f- j0 I, y, X: Z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions: t: L' D( z1 {( }" g- H, Q/ F
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, g! e. L: L9 g& k7 w k
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- W9 f! l& N8 {3 L 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' P/ h# ?/ ]4 R2 m$ l: t
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ m9 N: E5 g, H9 P" ?5 c v 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 _; v1 }. z& j$ Z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. D8 t% [: s& |# m2 M m
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. t% q) J- u9 B* ^
; Q0 a8 ~7 {; x$ L6 Q* F! \4 o+ A9 NCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience% B" R* p \4 `
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ g. S) V+ c! e1 D4 G
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 |& N7 Y. _1 V 135. Popular nonobedience
/ ^/ Y0 X$ C7 Z/ l 136. Disguised disobedience1 E7 [7 q2 _1 C, t* c
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 O) t+ d, `9 w) j K" c
138. Sitdown
0 h: t: |6 U4 ~( H. z; T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ S c1 W7 I( z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. _: L, K! F3 x+ f3 e
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' o) f; y& L6 {. K- K' u' p
0 l9 |( U( m- t" fAction by Government Personnel9 N0 U0 ]# ^; p, f3 G4 H
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ m/ l- T$ L7 T# [6 D
143. Blocking of lines of command and information# ]( E) e8 F( v1 }
144. Stalling and obstruction1 _6 E2 o3 R2 e. t4 E* w
145. General administrative noncooperation3 a) x2 p; j* ^. b; W1 _% B' F
" a- a9 l+ I( R3 |) Q# o. I0 A! a% T 146. Judicial noncooperation& K! H: U9 [* T, Z! k3 F- n. m
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* C0 K+ {3 T3 n4 Q0 e
148. Mutiny5 L+ _( h( H0 B4 h% a
Domestic Governmental Action. ?) p- D$ T7 i% B' x' n
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ {8 g1 z k: g7 { 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( s( x6 K# t" R. C# p9 @7 p. w3 F. u4 x5 t. Z" k' Y: {
International Governmental Action
# |+ |. ?! ]6 z8 H+ Y) [; C3 @8 z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ q, h0 c0 G0 i& E* j- M 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; o5 M8 M7 z! e( m& N6 G 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 Y; T* N: N/ _, v$ I/ _
154. Severance of diplomatic relations" }! }- ^. b7 k- l- ]( {
155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 V- [& [1 k0 e8 x. P
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
$ |1 ?1 D& v' D' J/ s1 f 157. Expulsion from international organizations# l$ h; x3 U* X1 O8 u$ I9 e# B' O! a
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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0 ]" Y/ Y/ m) j. k* XPsychological Intervention( t+ x5 t! J+ f! T4 e
158. Self-exposure to the elements5 P% z1 z+ I( k3 H* d: M5 z- q
159. The fast/ u. a. V7 s% G, O
a) Fast of moral pressure6 v; P: [$ }: Y7 ?8 w7 h4 m4 |+ Q' d
b) Hunger strike" v1 v# Q2 s( W- v
c) Satyagrahic fast4 R5 V8 k' D" G
160. Reverse trial& {3 Z7 ^. a& S& ]
161. Nonviolent harassment1 e' v0 l% y1 K8 `
% K" z$ o, b0 i- y Y6 j: w1 LPhysical Intervention0 M0 V/ y% B) u7 X
162. Sit-in1 n8 z% f# `% m( g$ z
163. Stand-in- M8 A! ~5 `9 z+ w2 y7 l( w
164. Ride-in
1 S5 c- {) q$ J, ^9 g/ o, y7 S% q 165. Wade-in* P" N4 ]: k! e0 H6 w5 i
166. Mill-in a9 o/ j* D$ f
167. Pray-in3 s. y) o5 k4 x3 x$ C
168. Nonviolent raids
2 ~# b2 p! A( B1 V" \! D% z 169. Nonviolent air raids
7 F$ N" W: t0 m! s 170. Nonviolent invasion
n# U( W, j/ _& H! i* v4 {9 x 171. Nonviolent interjection
+ y. |0 k5 D" q. `, F6 H 172. Nonviolent obstruction
" h7 ^$ X8 G1 l4 y9 A( G3 r0 }- o4 M 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention) o4 s( C" T' n! G% w6 `- [# i* W
174. Establishing new social patterns: |0 O& j6 i1 F, A5 A) K! p
175. Overloading of facilities9 O; Y2 G9 j" y! J" p4 C7 f
176. Stall-in
( P% r) O; L7 n 177. Speak-in
. r) A% `$ s7 p' j! ^- U 178. Guerrilla theater9 h" M1 [+ t/ K( E2 N8 T$ o+ f' b4 R
179. Alternative social institutions3 @) c1 X- o" j3 \2 I% j
180. Alternative communication system
0 n Q, Q! x! w
& N! D3 ]; K+ U# b: CEconomic Intervention7 ], S2 ]/ y7 ^; ^' O+ E+ }7 `$ A
181. Reverse strike
+ S* d7 a7 _' h2 A3 W4 a 182. Stay-in strike
# C; \( {. z" f3 y" d* n 183. Nonviolent land seizure7 `. P1 o6 h7 S5 D9 A' m5 a
184. Defiance of blockades- k" Q; e f9 h+ n
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 j: ^& t0 E4 k- t" e7 H 186. Preclusive purchasing- q4 K* k' N, q* P* l% T
187. Seizure of assets, G1 x+ m" K1 }+ L
188. Dumping* A+ ]8 s, m. |4 U. B) i
189. Selective patronage
, B. ?, g4 E) a! a$ V 190. Alternative markets8 ?6 W% X7 i3 e0 |. j) K
191. Alternative transportation systems% ]4 }& f( M4 e }9 ]3 C( @ A
192. Alternative economic institutions6 P, P' V4 y x. W( x# y
1 k- R0 u: s5 x( T# N$ z" m
Political Intervention
7 V6 l! T# z7 L* E7 L3 o' ~% H 193. Overloading of administrative systems6 v2 |/ `" i9 S9 N7 ~* K; x
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 _+ [% l% G/ a 195. Seeking imprisonment [2 \; q# `+ p+ X( V
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
. g3 ?' Z% i- | 197. Work-on without collaboration/ X1 f9 S4 e- L% d, U
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
