 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" T+ a& \$ x6 W' \/ P
Formal Statements3 I3 V/ m0 `. j/ J( P! t* o5 j- ~5 s8 D' f
1. Public Speeches
! _9 c0 ?1 d6 S- \ 2. Letters of opposition or support
, h# e, }! A; w# B) _ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* Y$ a% z6 K) ^# o8 p( m 4. Signed public statements$ j8 z& |3 z. i. K. W: R0 ?$ q$ |
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, e* M9 C8 v3 u+ h+ L2 p 6. Group or mass petitions6 A/ h8 a& A0 Q
$ Y0 c1 n% a. B+ w; r
Communications with a Wider Audience3 U Y+ o1 K% W5 ]: ^
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: p; d( D+ r" z, {0 x7 i
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications* [& x' s% b) N
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, I/ O3 Y4 ~; W0 B5 ?& i
10. Newspapers and journals W7 M1 x) C: I8 _, c
11. Records, radio, and television
3 O& i. P9 z4 o 12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ t' [: {7 f; t9 ^% S2 N% o
4 m& ^# n2 v4 ?Group Representations: [( H3 l- M9 O- u, D
13. Deputations
3 a6 d1 q3 i1 _9 V 14. Mock awards
$ Q: v7 ?5 z6 A# q0 Y* t" B 15. Group lobbying
: l4 s7 Z- H) x$ X$ T' b" b9 g4 W 16. Picketing
1 V3 s8 Y3 v" @5 E+ y4 }. | 17. Mock elections& |* {" d6 B7 Z2 l% f' T
3 A$ o1 H9 g1 K) v1 }& TSymbolic Public Acts
& X* o( W# A1 a! [ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' ?. w5 g- ^ e; t
19. Wearing of symbols
5 F6 x( k. \' Q 20. Prayer and worship
& M5 Z o- P' a# R8 W- z! h( } 21. Delivering symbolic objects+ T( H: O% \3 b
22. Protest disrobings
: [4 O# D$ e& x3 l 23. Destruction of own property
* |7 Y& i* P- q4 X2 o 24. Symbolic lights
" |+ K- e" [1 p 25. Displays of portraits% L0 s+ K) R8 A( C/ O s. \) Y# b
26. Paint as protest o& l L( e" S" Q5 ^- h$ h0 Z+ w
27. New signs and names* y8 B4 ]) y) h
28. Symbolic sounds8 O, V; L# p* z7 C# U% S
29. Symbolic reclamations4 Y9 U2 f- y, u1 k. I
30. Rude gestures2 h1 }$ Z3 e3 D* N+ h
' m- e0 K2 J' X4 r
Pressures on Individuals* ]- e' p. N# Y8 v% I) A6 p C' G
31. “Haunting” officials
6 M' ]4 ], Y* b$ h. ~1 W 32. Taunting officials
. r9 [6 q$ b- k5 }: E. S3 @ 33. Fraternization2 ^. w! I5 r5 ]/ M" E
34. Vigils: C) c* A) e6 s7 @" P
3 [! q, q6 U7 d6 F; o. X0 wDrama and Music
+ p) J8 k4 w5 Y; s 35. Humorous skits and pranks- W+ G( ?2 u( N! ]1 E# {
36. Performances of plays and music9 Z1 S9 j# R3 L4 j. g1 u1 g
37. Singing
% e3 l5 A- P3 H6 A2 S8 ~$ A) f, M5 |2 _3 f& d) ?6 A
Processions
' O6 m: e! O' h# p$ k" V 38. Marches
7 ]; I M4 K5 Z3 F; ?, L 39. Parades2 ?0 D& D, M1 g5 x0 O
40. Religious processions
+ n- {4 w) N* c# V4 P# j7 P( I 41. Pilgrimages. j1 ?! A) F l9 E
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead
' l& U9 N( \2 ]# p 43. Political mourning% }! l- ~& l: \9 X3 `" ^0 B/ Z( ]
44. Mock funerals
3 R+ [. i {1 G2 Z2 s' A 45. Demonstrative funerals
/ E* l+ H# F, O4 u0 M2 Q 46. Homage at burial places; O' V% w" t7 R z; D7 G4 H
5 y: g+ y% E% [. E: VPublic Assemblies7 m( h: R) N' d1 K; T* L! N! Y
47. Assemblies of protest or support' E- [$ q @& k; f- z
48. Protest meetings( d/ k. _3 M) Y9 F, J" H7 |
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' M- X. r9 l! W+ y0 T 50. Teach-ins
, B) w4 n; f" _" R
) ]4 Q9 |; s1 i# J6 ~( n' {& L, ZWithdrawal and Renunciation$ M0 _5 H9 R& Z5 D, n
51. Walk-outs
% e: w* @0 K. e" k7 a$ S 52. Silence
d3 ]# q) P6 a, M1 g& p: [ 53. Renouncing honors
, y/ A* b: c3 {# [9 p 54. Turning one’s back
9 F+ a7 ?0 Z) G, _, _
5 E, k* [& ]. S- c8 ]
' f- y1 c4 Q( x1 Y$ L! \4 L6 L! y" w
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 P+ A+ v) A: ?( s% p2 N. s7 c
5 A' |( [: A- i5 i+ b3 Y
" a5 f) r" M6 Z6 J+ S1 ?; Y% A3 T0 j( ~) u i3 M4 k3 m7 l
Ostracism of Persons
+ ?# X4 |! X u, T) Q 55. Social boycott( z9 N. G0 g) s& a! y
56. Selective social boycott5 Z5 |2 W, k1 Q3 K6 q
57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 {5 \/ U% g8 K 58. Excommunication
0 Q, y; J* L$ Z [6 g/ }4 N 59. Interdict
2 f G" ~% z* [. X8 J9 E
+ ~: d& V$ M2 A$ C- iNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 _* h) X! R1 v
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& `- U6 C* u2 ?/ G* ?3 e 61. Boycott of social affairs2 p9 e1 J/ ]! d$ x- |2 t& w
62. Student strike
8 e/ M' r0 w+ f 63. Social disobedience
( f0 E# T" W+ A6 d2 J1 g 64. Withdrawal from social institutions* M5 b1 e! A( o( x& \- ]+ M
/ K: t9 j$ r& g& a1 p* ?, m! Z7 ] u
Withdrawal from the Social System
- {" I* |) R* N. F) y3 E 65. Stay-at-home% |# k& i/ j: u3 H! @
66. Total personal noncooperation$ _8 T n% b0 R$ t3 b5 Z9 P5 i
67. “Flight” of workers# ]0 M5 O1 U" s+ I* c
68. Sanctuary! O. M, M5 @9 Z: U% N2 J
69. Collective disappearance
; D: h/ C/ D" G9 s# n4 ], X1 D 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" W/ A4 m0 H- U* \' R: Q$ ~
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+ O6 f u% f& ]$ I) O
! ~7 r3 _0 S8 V3 ]- S/ _- G6 OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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3 {: C4 k1 d0 U$ K2 k6 d
Actions by Consumers' o) Z" ?7 v/ C0 M( `, |
71. Consumers’ boycott+ V7 i6 u8 @0 \- h, u" ]
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
; ]* L# i. K7 F. c1 O 73. Policy of austerity( t- z+ a" Q8 s' D
74. Rent withholding
' I4 X0 ?1 Q# p' A5 P 75. Refusal to rent+ [. z% H8 W* j! N# G. s. m
76. National consumers’ boycott
9 @9 Y; J/ j% C3 q3 J$ v 77. International consumers’ boycott
8 d* I9 Q4 O0 [9 |6 O- L. u6 T$ P& I
Action by Workers and Producers6 |& Z- U6 Z* Z9 ~1 }
78. Workmen’s boycott
4 S; B: e& _5 G; f0 e 79. Producers’ boycott9 W% d. }8 b& j" n3 ^" | O; j
9 N4 r' {& \* f! `/ O/ ZAction by Middlemen% o, L9 j- b* z3 R- K
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" V" `6 T( f1 u4 V
( S0 U! ^. H$ v: bAction by Owners and Management$ C; K2 Y3 n/ ~( {! U
81. Traders’ boycott$ Y2 }( o5 S$ e4 `+ v( Z0 C
82. Refusal to let or sell property
& z7 Y- Z/ L+ s4 C 83. Lockout
- J- U k6 b8 p" r3 L" b8 q0 s* d- p 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 u7 k, e0 [8 R; w: }# M 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ _( ]8 t# G+ C4 |( r" W3 P
! e3 D) P }: D5 S2 lAction by Holders of Financial Resources4 g" |1 c' E, V" c& Z' P2 n2 Y4 V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# }! i5 o2 w$ ?" t8 U1 j. f 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: Z; |1 Y/ f, ]% H4 d! N
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
" V( A/ @) k, \% c7 x: } 89. Severance of funds and credit
% @" x& A; V! p) Z J 90. Revenue refusal) [8 N! z1 I, I! d/ l8 \' Z' W
91. Refusal of a government’s money# f) r; H; T. Q7 W* }; Y
& C# g1 C3 [" |4 S# Z, k5 h4 G) A; O
Action by Governments# `5 K4 \) q& o5 }% o
92. Domestic embargo8 c: G8 i N5 o" T( {, g
93. Blacklisting of traders
- m% i. a) _! c: x 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 ?+ p# H6 P2 U1 z' D" m 95. International buyers’ embargo
2 m% `) i% g2 u: ^' } 96. International trade embargo; @) z3 X1 r ^$ B0 s( w) r9 C
6 X- I. B6 [' v" ^6 h. O9 n& F
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9 [8 R M/ a0 R3 G- ]# p) I" nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
' E( Q8 Z0 g( c# e9 h7 `
7 d3 p6 B( E; V+ v 3 I0 J/ H8 d, P
Symbolic Strikes
. a3 w# E& U2 k% T& G$ L' c7 S 97. Protest strike
) B4 x" i5 p( ^6 }2 A 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
( \; ]" G/ l5 o2 h2 `3 a( |! p- H
Agricultural Strikes8 t4 ^* h& \( A( b
99. Peasant strike2 Z! L, b. W4 P7 y% A" ]& U \# u
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 e3 F: H8 Y+ Y
( n6 j) S/ b- g4 v" V2 ^# gStrikes by Special Groups
! m, o" F) ]" A1 X/ S3 i r) h 101. Refusal of impressed labor# j/ ^: X9 K8 r* M- ]1 M) r
102. Prisoners’ strike* ]# X/ k! a8 C2 g8 Z2 ?
103. Craft strike* G( s1 S, o7 `3 a
104. Professional strike: T$ \) X' Q2 [6 m- i" o
8 V% T. |- j4 y) R& Z& o: D: _/ ~Ordinary Industrial Strikes4 }1 |! X8 n5 i7 C
105. Establishment strike, ]: e- L/ G9 I- o6 Z4 F/ [; [0 }
106. Industry strike
G5 E5 n& Q4 z6 X 107. Sympathetic strike
1 o; l$ N' a# ?8 [- Z, m. v- J! o8 J% p
Restricted Strikes
) b, }0 H" g3 u' n+ m: F 108. Detailed strike& `% V7 Q! p! b! v; @: o
109. Bumper strike
7 P0 M& `5 K9 l$ Y- `" `. f 110. Slowdown strike0 F& M; l4 d/ I& e5 _& l! ]
111. Working-to-rule strike! n+ {: t* d1 a2 E/ ]6 R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ f% ]3 {# u2 F4 s3 g 113. Strike by resignation
7 A" ?/ u3 K# I% p9 X 114. Limited strike# B8 x+ a, o+ m4 i
115. Selective strike
5 N. q8 V0 i' z1 V
' p' i2 ~; l1 d; gMulti-Industry Strikes0 \7 O* K6 ^2 [2 ]6 b& I
; u; X! P v% t! a+ l+ g# l 116. Generalized strike7 l: o/ O$ H ^5 R$ t# m, a
7 w/ x8 e9 o6 d2 g' f. y
117. General strike
5 ~0 r" ~/ c w, h% U
' W6 G) ?, z. c! cCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
# r" ]8 x2 g/ Y: i* c$ t8 a( l% u+ Q
118. Hartal1 z, D; u& b P
5 h8 T" R1 J/ B/ U 119. Economic shutdown2 X( a6 _$ m9 ?5 J& ^/ ^, i( l
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1 s! I ^5 o2 W+ s& GTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% ~/ ^ _. }, [6 W# o
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3 ~- i0 s" ]! n& h* `- ?* [' ?
Rejection of Authority, A' Y3 H0 u0 S, N: X
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: L% f: ~' I; J& a- B) j2 B
121. Refusal of public support
! W* N3 x; A: r' q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 f% Z& n& P1 P- `; I
5 b. Z# V& N6 B: V0 p3 q* WCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 Z7 ] B: Q! V- T- {0 {0 G7 K
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 v+ n# A* l; i/ J 124. Boycott of elections
+ I- d+ \8 ?, }. t 125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 i% D6 ~" P- ]8 J o. F; Z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ p/ H! o1 i% y K$ T6 O- F( S+ p9 A) g 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: c& G# {& M1 _8 y E! i- k 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
W1 H$ B* L& d" F1 M6 ]$ j G% f 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 Y3 j( a7 n5 _' \
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ _- l7 G6 w6 M: E, ^/ A
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 \. I- B& Z$ Q3 {
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 p- s2 H3 Y0 \( Y4 i: q) S
; f. x' E! Y N1 S) n' jCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 W5 o3 ]# r' [5 w! a0 a$ r
133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 T) T# d+ v: @4 N. Z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, L- ?- ]- F! Z$ B
135. Popular nonobedience& }& |& L( ^( m4 Y( Z* {
136. Disguised disobedience: e; n0 k) X) X( c; F! u! E) O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( ]: b0 Z* B7 [7 z v' D* T
138. Sitdown
) A. N" t* T" ^7 D9 o6 [ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) e9 z4 h2 \, Y/ |+ x% i: A2 Q) t
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ C3 O& P4 S Q1 W, Y L% Z: S 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 j- {5 [5 r; X/ x& s# o
, Z, r5 k9 I" F! A9 ^ Q. @! NAction by Government Personnel6 Y9 z3 ?, g# u# _7 H( \# }
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' }3 Y6 D9 e% B
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! ^2 Y* V# A0 p8 x9 s+ K: g 144. Stalling and obstruction+ H3 w1 B4 x7 C" F# ?+ x r
145. General administrative noncooperation
5 `& a/ z! F3 y, h& r$ e0 b. |0 O* K$ I& r
146. Judicial noncooperation; B+ x7 c3 @; @5 J
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' } ^. t2 h1 V# p" {! r2 p/ }4 N2 d 148. Mutiny% b$ h, Z, J- w
Domestic Governmental Action
# I$ a# N7 x) L 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' T/ _! @0 g1 S$ Z) _
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
1 Z* f% s& `3 T- Y A% G! I! Z% Q! B8 l g$ }$ I
International Governmental Action
4 ^# ?2 C0 y# m) P 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 b" I8 y% p; _. ~ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 J5 A1 }5 F7 O) @- i7 K! z3 ~ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ k$ C: w7 B& f0 p
154. Severance of diplomatic relations& U4 v* z3 K& O8 C, b
155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ [% C, F) y% N
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies _& n4 r5 Z4 }- g, S8 {: C- }
157. Expulsion from international organizations
: L9 h1 j( {# e1 Q0 o/ U+ _& [; P9 m/ I* k* [6 |/ d% @) E
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 ?( Q4 D( h7 h! A4 e! N, g
3 b, F. t( h) R$ d& Z+ E ]* W7 U! j5 y( R' \% M
Psychological Intervention5 O' K! j4 f: G$ L% X. H) O
158. Self-exposure to the elements' w1 F3 l8 N7 T- d6 z0 u) Z5 @7 P
159. The fast0 o- }2 [' @3 e
a) Fast of moral pressure- P: t+ O- O9 ?
b) Hunger strike
1 {2 x5 ]* c( x: u- T4 l6 { c) Satyagrahic fast
* e9 W* L% y0 J2 B! x; X5 F 160. Reverse trial9 S e' X, ~& t* u8 j+ u
161. Nonviolent harassment- F, J0 ]3 F9 Z. m! ?; z
" v) B& A3 D s9 x: F4 tPhysical Intervention1 p- h) w u- k0 |& g$ i* x" U5 y
162. Sit-in
( }/ Y8 u) z- C' ~) T( a 163. Stand-in
6 y$ \3 ~/ c0 P' J% |& w4 c2 P1 N4 R 164. Ride-in
, m' h7 u" _$ ^1 i- R/ ]: f4 I 165. Wade-in
, n2 ~) K# c X) W; q. d 166. Mill-in& P7 N" n6 v) L
167. Pray-in* \7 r) u9 D1 p) S- H4 i" x4 ~ F
168. Nonviolent raids* g6 E, R8 P. X4 d
169. Nonviolent air raids/ z( K% @+ |6 @3 G6 v" ~/ F
170. Nonviolent invasion. |: S! o" \1 T1 S7 v) _2 `! T, Z
171. Nonviolent interjection
1 |. F3 A+ _) p/ L 172. Nonviolent obstruction
* e2 Q2 ?9 R5 y8 N5 e$ L4 @1 v 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention, U/ Y. f1 n7 |8 W A1 ~ [2 h
174. Establishing new social patterns
; q2 a& h/ p1 {; u2 S7 o: S" L 175. Overloading of facilities5 F) s/ n% D7 E5 E5 O, T8 o
176. Stall-in# U( h9 n2 D+ g+ G( y, k2 z
177. Speak-in
5 m+ @" T5 H% C' `; F$ l 178. Guerrilla theater# U5 h: x7 U ^/ B, C
179. Alternative social institutions; e; M0 m. S( u8 h7 {
180. Alternative communication system$ b& |( Q, M# N9 q# N* Y ] b
L% P3 Y* R" a% w
Economic Intervention
; J, Z0 o+ e' i/ ~ 181. Reverse strike" j' ~& K9 W$ d, {' S# n/ I5 k
182. Stay-in strike
. @7 ]. M; ^; ^4 s" g& ] 183. Nonviolent land seizure, u e0 Q) U' z% n% I
184. Defiance of blockades
% N- ?0 ^* D& y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 J( a1 I$ E* v( h 186. Preclusive purchasing1 e$ @9 X! Z# B) p" Q3 p3 M$ s
187. Seizure of assets6 g8 ~1 j+ v/ g+ K' k
188. Dumping* a# L( q5 z7 G& T Q) ]. z+ A
189. Selective patronage
" G _2 d+ `) V0 q V 190. Alternative markets# @* r* j# ]' P m; S& m, ? x' @
191. Alternative transportation systems
7 c9 K) j% e' J: `! J 192. Alternative economic institutions
6 ?6 Y- P; p: t& s1 b4 m1 L4 o( r' x7 S' `" G5 e: m) z
Political Intervention
- x" L8 [! ^3 v$ p1 ^ 193. Overloading of administrative systems+ T+ L7 m8 g% u
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 m# f1 [# z' T' K* q; [0 _ 195. Seeking imprisonment0 a* }! `% ~. _5 E; a) Q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" u. p2 n: m: { d! T$ b0 }: M
197. Work-on without collaboration8 I, F( c- Z( {( Q* x! P
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! m! p; j$ s2 l) P
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
