 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ g- T6 r3 q# g3 d* T/ S0 @8 y2 o
Formal Statements
/ U! l$ H5 ~, w# A# W 1. Public Speeches6 g- i5 z( P6 h& j4 v* P
2. Letters of opposition or support! p' L% Q0 B$ H7 ` [4 K+ [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% R+ ~/ e$ t1 y% B/ e 4. Signed public statements
S& h. O' Z/ H' T! W( o5 I& b% f 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
0 ]( Y$ B$ T% |( M 6. Group or mass petitions
* D, O1 H+ {2 F. ^0 f5 S0 o
7 I+ P5 u# n. U) ACommunications with a Wider Audience" g* D8 L# a/ ^: L( i) y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 }& c+ I4 a. p E; h! L0 j; ? 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# R( p( t! ]* @% B+ x. q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* Z$ d4 U- \4 N) t/ V9 F8 e 10. Newspapers and journals8 p" e( z6 G9 d. A* E6 S
11. Records, radio, and television; E- I3 f y; d) t4 m! y# C
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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% @5 A* I. M& p7 l! eGroup Representations
4 [$ P9 q4 |' j% t 13. Deputations% ]2 M. u3 J. d0 v2 w
14. Mock awards, B7 W( `# o! V' C2 D% I' s: j
15. Group lobbying3 o, L! q; q3 m
16. Picketing9 \+ K" z* [1 r4 A3 S" S
17. Mock elections- P& m( |1 i4 m' C" l* Y! ~* e
R$ b5 g/ D+ X. L; N7 j
Symbolic Public Acts
3 e9 A0 z/ G6 W" d4 s 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( N( _: }/ S q; E
19. Wearing of symbols/ X0 ~% _- F" C. @, R3 u3 k' \0 p
20. Prayer and worship& m% d4 H+ z# w Z) G1 p+ Z0 Z% I+ r
21. Delivering symbolic objects
v# S2 Y! V, K; x! h5 Y/ ^3 ~ 22. Protest disrobings
' T8 ~+ i+ k% z: z9 Q* a! f; F/ W 23. Destruction of own property4 H; i( p/ g6 N. x: C8 d( k
24. Symbolic lights
& T' K0 x3 Z% E4 i" ]$ G/ p) i n Q 25. Displays of portraits
# r }8 ^( y% ~# q 26. Paint as protest! o$ X5 a% K: y$ X* X" L
27. New signs and names+ O7 U b% W- c" Y
28. Symbolic sounds
; y: v: _4 o& H' e% M: |1 ~ 29. Symbolic reclamations5 a. `' D$ A! w. O0 l6 x9 X
30. Rude gestures
5 J }6 ?$ \# o" Z# u7 B/ z8 K5 H# h/ o. a+ Z( h
Pressures on Individuals
) M" [6 D) W. o0 Y2 Z 31. “Haunting” officials
8 Y' s U! O) Z: f) F 32. Taunting officials& {9 g* X* K$ V, v: F! A7 ^
33. Fraternization/ {# F& N( ?8 z/ k+ f8 v% R) i
34. Vigils
/ m- v9 G8 R, H v; U
8 Y( {3 w9 V) y, |0 XDrama and Music% @/ w: \& ^; h
35. Humorous skits and pranks h2 q# J7 A) ^9 f' e4 H
36. Performances of plays and music; r( _, f7 C& D( y9 s7 `
37. Singing9 m$ \( h# ]( w; i# N/ ]" E
9 o( B* `( q& V7 [1 MProcessions& v$ O7 E" t M7 E& A: ~
38. Marches$ z: _- \7 Y8 ~) S1 ]
39. Parades
7 A t4 L8 h, o* J* a8 C9 s 40. Religious processions
! W& `; W& [: v& Z 41. Pilgrimages
% ?" o' x1 w4 \; l! Q 42. Motorcades( B! Q% U% D; L3 J
$ Z/ w# p' A1 E9 Y- @1 y/ k- u2 ]Honoring the Dead9 s, @. ^& \$ G* g7 G
43. Political mourning
; m6 {7 B, N% B3 N2 W' { 44. Mock funerals
! {$ P! ]' k+ ~* }2 n ? 45. Demonstrative funerals5 v9 d0 `; W) C8 @; b/ ~- w0 v
46. Homage at burial places
# n) q2 B! C9 H: D6 r2 E
* ~: U& R8 E2 W: JPublic Assemblies
' I" q& {% e$ k9 y/ N1 C* D" d 47. Assemblies of protest or support* O9 w# ]9 p l0 ]# c7 o
48. Protest meetings
( S( S8 ~9 [7 S 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& D4 f6 z& Y- h6 ?" B 50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation) L$ V7 t( w" U# P& {& f% W+ M$ {$ {
51. Walk-outs6 [; A) q+ @' m* y7 u' ~' P
52. Silence
6 Z q, P. `4 b, X3 w; k/ R 53. Renouncing honors
' p) b$ C: Q o, N- A& P. e. R 54. Turning one’s back' ^0 a/ [4 S }* B1 M
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1 h4 H) M% ^( L# q& G* q) @THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION R- V7 P% {: b$ [3 U0 `1 d
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0 g7 U/ g0 d; n' Z! H. tOstracism of Persons
! \9 c* |1 Z/ ^8 s# M 55. Social boycott/ h) i/ O. n$ h; m
56. Selective social boycott* t' B7 ^$ v! n$ Z
57. Lysistratic nonaction2 X6 |. s" O. ^9 {- w
58. Excommunication
! C l! a# M6 j3 D& `. c) r 59. Interdict8 u3 N$ j3 _8 s, y1 w5 P9 N
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 \0 N6 q' t7 h 60. Suspension of social and sports activities# A* K0 m2 y1 d# O. c$ s
61. Boycott of social affairs
8 \/ f7 g2 P- B' ]4 B+ i 62. Student strike) I) m; F' }1 C$ I
63. Social disobedience' J- X: }9 a& B* x, X& N
64. Withdrawal from social institutions" r6 D( b0 |* ^/ [& g, _( L
2 l0 @1 i/ [8 a7 ]; A
Withdrawal from the Social System$ o0 f7 ^- M, U, c1 I- V
65. Stay-at-home
8 T: ~. F# F; [; g 66. Total personal noncooperation, o! U) n- `$ J7 j- z0 i0 `" H
67. “Flight” of workers
* w) O: C; o+ {+ M- e 68. Sanctuary; [& i F' f) d8 b4 H
69. Collective disappearance2 G2 k$ w* U1 S& ]
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& P ^" k9 t; }: m3 j- R& R3 K
2 z; z. V2 m" A$ r: |# ]- u
& q ^( e0 W& y3 T: ]5 AActions by Consumers
8 z5 P! w9 U) K6 g6 Q 71. Consumers’ boycott5 L, `$ f, n+ D: d' r8 T Z
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ m, ~. e( c7 L4 C" J 73. Policy of austerity1 h5 J0 y/ m; [& v' C5 |
74. Rent withholding- Z+ ?# C1 P( Z# W: k$ y( q
75. Refusal to rent
1 `' q0 e: G. _4 p! z, ?" u 76. National consumers’ boycott9 J8 [) N0 W8 R4 E/ t/ K' Z
77. International consumers’ boycott
/ [6 r; [8 d2 F; F0 }' A+ R9 ]- }+ v8 v5 ~$ p
Action by Workers and Producers
- G" M* S4 P' W5 F 78. Workmen’s boycott
$ u+ f+ ?. q* Y8 I, i5 G9 p2 F 79. Producers’ boycott
6 O) Q/ p6 P5 w% ~9 X5 S+ j; Q' J/ v9 n5 f7 I' N0 ?; H
Action by Middlemen0 N- i# l+ x4 z& f: Y+ S9 o
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# ~; \7 }4 f2 G4 M; i1 y' `* d% z
( X* F |- S. y. a7 b* KAction by Owners and Management
" T/ `' H$ |" l' O' j 81. Traders’ boycott3 D% F1 D. ~, R' H# N, u) \2 b5 H
82. Refusal to let or sell property" a" y. H9 f& l! z O
83. Lockout' X) k0 u' R4 @
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! T( g A* m, [ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources' z- q5 k; G1 J# Y" c$ ?) ?" W
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
U, U) P* k% c- _3 o 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# b/ i5 M( |4 N/ L% W* j
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. Q" F/ {5 A$ i; G
89. Severance of funds and credit* i& \$ F/ y( q/ H* q6 j
90. Revenue refusal
R: I( V4 R; t: H' h1 H2 ?+ y 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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, k4 u8 m- Z1 o3 W) j& D: x4 K; K/ lAction by Governments. X+ u7 z& q o0 U+ i" n0 h2 f" t+ O
92. Domestic embargo A8 c8 O+ w! Y) Z+ ^
93. Blacklisting of traders/ }$ @5 U2 ~( n0 |, F7 @: W
94. International sellers’ embargo
8 j7 H; l0 V" m3 c( T& U 95. International buyers’ embargo5 J( |# B5 r3 ~: I, V
96. International trade embargo7 f3 l- R' D: K: W5 O a
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# m, n% ]& Q' H Q" ~7 r2 [0 W$ U
5 q, E! H9 T/ x( p: R6 @- s* x7 n- | + w# @$ h; G5 t1 N! k: R
Symbolic Strikes
9 c3 H* m. u. y$ }' w 97. Protest strike
" {* u/ P- l, s' w6 ^% p 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ T- m: L3 e, J+ u9 N$ d2 n N
2 Q- y/ A" F+ b6 i
Agricultural Strikes! J0 _9 h# ~2 b! w7 _" C7 I" S
99. Peasant strike
: p" F0 Q6 g& e+ U 100. Farm Workers’ strike4 \7 \% I: y) Z5 c
2 g3 E# r% H- ?+ i, U$ oStrikes by Special Groups
( P* y0 l2 J1 ` 101. Refusal of impressed labor
) B2 x6 C! i) [' q( g3 G- P 102. Prisoners’ strike# A& O( F! Y1 t
103. Craft strike
/ j- y' _- S: {+ t 104. Professional strike4 D' A& ?5 X$ ^, L! S2 P z
& l2 S3 i" O! e* V8 X
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
. m4 z) v5 d4 g' @/ ?3 C- O% g 105. Establishment strike
X, ~' E8 c! n4 o4 ]3 p 106. Industry strike
X Y {/ N0 R" } 107. Sympathetic strike
$ ]+ n- _8 H8 J( x- Z- M3 S: E* v; F$ A4 z
Restricted Strikes9 q7 i0 ^( t: V% @
108. Detailed strike
# o& o$ p: e8 F2 ^! q% w6 V% [ 109. Bumper strike
4 g. z, j4 y G 110. Slowdown strike6 N1 T# F, \" f: @! K0 ~" u
111. Working-to-rule strike, Z: r3 c7 d- d: _" f2 c
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ Z. h" O) {1 r, O* u8 R; n
113. Strike by resignation
- t; F$ Z1 s$ k9 {' w: e& a 114. Limited strike
4 Y, H3 G2 E" W1 D+ M* F 115. Selective strike
% z3 ?4 g- N; [! z% l
9 K6 b1 J8 S; P" h7 \% u0 hMulti-Industry Strikes+ [2 \4 p. K3 [ Z
9 r/ \. g0 I8 f0 y4 Z, m9 q: S( `0 f
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
1 B7 z, a9 b, v7 I! D) r' |8 ]0 D
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ ]; e, e5 C2 ^1 j8 y. C0 U) r" {1 }0 K8 Z
118. Hartal
9 a+ u! I6 Z P' a1 y+ L: _% n( ^+ G
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& i9 p. w( ?. q6 {: j" E6 ~0 H
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Rejection of Authority
! P# |& I' c6 Z. e- |- b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 Z/ W3 H1 G% J
121. Refusal of public support |$ Z- n$ w R3 X1 E H: T* u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 a* F1 J. E: K) J) `& \
6 {( L* g1 [3 TCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 [7 `6 ~6 f# a0 o5 U6 v
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 ?6 H+ r0 e" b+ {7 U1 N 124. Boycott of elections
- `! g0 H8 F6 ?( F8 ^ O 125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 G7 @4 M% H. k I+ J; c
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 B+ B# @8 X, p! ?3 c% M |4 H! ^( p 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions! G5 [2 F; Q5 ^/ c* S! m0 j6 V# S; G
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 K$ I+ t) ], X1 H 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ T& I$ w. q* a, N, _' Y% D0 |# T# j: | 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
/ l0 J+ z( c) G" {0 u 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* t1 Y* ^9 B+ v! o 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
3 m) k! {$ E) o/ {6 R
9 }% \$ B0 B6 @& m% S c* ~Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 }+ {; q. N/ z9 r" i
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ w+ W; w- }( O7 T7 C& k( ~$ d 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& o4 i; e6 T8 N- {. L2 c7 I
135. Popular nonobedience
) ^6 B1 I" o- L' g) p0 n% K 136. Disguised disobedience4 l, U/ b" G3 a4 o% O+ [8 r0 ]2 @
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# o( p) g& P0 B2 ?2 P% m- M 138. Sitdown
/ v! f- `! |3 T7 t* h 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 r b& N3 B9 X: l; P1 Q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- e3 a0 I& i! Q) Z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* z3 N& ]# l8 I& l7 ^
t; j5 {8 U( F
Action by Government Personnel n+ r6 J0 V2 ]) P
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 `5 k) M) r" i+ q& c: i
143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ [! L+ n. [7 F+ D
144. Stalling and obstruction2 d. y% A- K7 e
145. General administrative noncooperation
8 i* _& l5 |- E( i7 L4 Y
L) |3 Q; [6 [( Q 146. Judicial noncooperation
" e+ ? k- T# y2 I+ J 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ _- j+ S' ]( T4 x 148. Mutiny
" x4 I B: Y# T" e$ _" B; n2 W" J( uDomestic Governmental Action
9 i( T. T! D4 Q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 @. `$ X4 c ]0 s
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 o) L! g4 f% S2 d, e# t+ J* }
" H$ ?' M6 s4 K- E& S3 AInternational Governmental Action! C; X+ c, u. e3 H
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& R& u# {. A- p% u* k 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 Z! E/ B v. w$ C 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, Z: G; }+ F) k6 x: G! j) o
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 n$ ~6 b3 T4 l$ h2 w 155. Withdrawal from international organizations: U9 I0 e! }" n3 N& w
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% i% @6 g/ |: E9 p' s4 L
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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5 N" M0 L. ]* T9 V4 \9 O4 Q mTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* R- A* E$ ^( u& J1 F
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Psychological Intervention
3 s5 c7 x+ i G$ _ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 s- Y# ?! y& U! d7 q/ ?+ u 159. The fast
m5 O4 @. ` W, l9 s8 V3 J a) Fast of moral pressure2 r( Z) ^0 O+ L. T5 M$ I
b) Hunger strike/ N" Z6 U; z+ c% f: e
c) Satyagrahic fast6 r3 _2 I6 |- `1 {8 m
160. Reverse trial
: k7 y4 P4 h; M- x) | 161. Nonviolent harassment0 [5 D! Z& U( {. f: Q
4 O+ K9 K1 c a. o v" @Physical Intervention
9 X" _! ~9 O/ P3 `+ @ 162. Sit-in3 o# A ?! n4 j
163. Stand-in$ G0 R/ {4 g0 `0 A6 [
164. Ride-in
! S+ C0 |$ f$ h: {2 D( Z 165. Wade-in! O+ c& ^& d. D* U& _9 K, ~, S" ]
166. Mill-in8 q$ E% `$ i$ \ i
167. Pray-in
6 [( M3 y& S* j* a8 _* \5 {: N 168. Nonviolent raids1 z3 P7 X* O$ Y1 O/ D6 c
169. Nonviolent air raids
% l4 {# Y% ^7 y* \ ^! ?7 F$ E 170. Nonviolent invasion* }4 I9 F7 D+ Q: c' ^
171. Nonviolent interjection, D* @6 R5 O& [( I" D
172. Nonviolent obstruction( T9 g+ p" Q# p3 S
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention0 a. j7 `8 T' Z: f y6 w
174. Establishing new social patterns1 x& q& {* [6 ]1 t$ S
175. Overloading of facilities4 b* b, }2 F" E! P% t
176. Stall-in
0 x$ D( |" Q/ s9 l 177. Speak-in
% g: U1 n [9 B3 H% `2 B$ K 178. Guerrilla theater4 E1 j" {+ i% J) z8 W% I' m
179. Alternative social institutions
3 q( O) F- n" q' b% T 180. Alternative communication system$ _& C: h3 w9 b8 x8 E: v: p
# ]7 ]- Y: U, l" v1 f `0 v' M# bEconomic Intervention7 m% ~# a$ T9 i5 P0 ~
181. Reverse strike
# k0 A: @( y' [% U$ i% |1 l$ X3 q 182. Stay-in strike
+ r3 T8 \8 R0 [, R/ q 183. Nonviolent land seizure7 l. {+ s* [9 j( w
184. Defiance of blockades& v, m2 W. {+ \* s. Z! z( O
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" O6 v7 m, F8 a8 n3 b 186. Preclusive purchasing, T( F$ k. L+ a+ A! B6 N! R
187. Seizure of assets0 ?, E! L) p$ P* o2 _
188. Dumping" O- g' ], K, r4 h9 f+ s
189. Selective patronage
* n) U' Q0 j0 T3 v( r$ ^2 m4 S& f 190. Alternative markets
M% Q: L4 q( o. K9 Z6 Z0 b 191. Alternative transportation systems) Q& }# y; ^+ ?/ f5 S
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention( S- z* T8 X0 ]+ u( d+ B: V2 m
193. Overloading of administrative systems- P w: X' W& a, z' l
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- z V* h- k9 [+ G' q 195. Seeking imprisonment* \6 i, I3 w" J1 }( T/ V
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 n6 s# f ]3 E; f' Y 197. Work-on without collaboration
- M0 O% j7 v4 y* x6 v 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
