 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 ?+ d% P3 r, O! Y
Formal Statements
$ b: C1 f8 h: R: L8 _/ s6 O 1. Public Speeches' ]! F! b5 g% l; L9 D% u/ A( m
2. Letters of opposition or support2 r3 y+ |: K" D) `& p5 K8 @
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ c' f7 r# R# s+ G* W9 ]
4. Signed public statements$ \" A& I! k/ T6 Q3 C! V
5. Declarations of indictment and intention' m2 P A" S3 S- L8 x9 q* O
6. Group or mass petitions
, _9 o b3 J0 L3 l; J- ^3 ^8 a4 s9 G' G) K2 {: I
Communications with a Wider Audience, B% B# l& M0 B7 R' h7 W
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* O9 f5 P, X0 j: n4 }; `! }
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications4 K1 f1 B2 k! x. {5 A3 {
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
], f, I$ `" `; M 10. Newspapers and journals
8 l" {; j2 S' P( }9 e 11. Records, radio, and television
4 x+ h& e& |& @8 [+ | 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
) \5 L) R3 [7 t I
, P2 z, F% d" G! @1 h6 }Group Representations
$ m/ I. f e$ E/ m* f 13. Deputations
7 r7 v# s- l) o6 M+ @1 Y1 y" \ 14. Mock awards5 Z q) U8 ^% {5 N* N
15. Group lobbying
5 A6 P$ D* V" v/ Y7 p6 r 16. Picketing' Y0 o% I7 Z5 m$ P: _
17. Mock elections0 z4 F& F3 N3 o; a4 H
' b: o$ N9 @( Y( P# a- vSymbolic Public Acts
! v( K S- E( @3 r' v+ v 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( q* Y% s/ H0 P6 n 19. Wearing of symbols/ T7 h& @: ~' s
20. Prayer and worship
1 _$ K: S5 E6 Y9 h3 } L 21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 W' K I) O# B$ Q, s) {. E7 \* C 22. Protest disrobings# j" z/ E' D3 M( k8 y4 `
23. Destruction of own property
- B0 R0 \) p! f% J 24. Symbolic lights
3 ]% A' e/ q; ^- k, C# L K 25. Displays of portraits
" G5 a) t; b/ K+ j, D 26. Paint as protest
+ N2 e; Y) s5 d% x2 `; ^+ Z 27. New signs and names/ L" z8 t. N2 T* n5 v
28. Symbolic sounds d. P- [ L0 t! B
29. Symbolic reclamations1 K& ^- b q- c
30. Rude gestures
2 ]" I+ j7 R2 F' z% X0 l& ~/ {: g
; Z; M- t/ ~# G, k8 R+ B) Q9 B9 DPressures on Individuals
* Y5 y& v: W6 S! s2 ~% U, O 31. “Haunting” officials
- c5 J! B7 t$ N2 y; P* ^$ X 32. Taunting officials( A; N, b) @+ }# Q4 A
33. Fraternization
/ R4 k) Y& b$ e8 E; h3 f3 Q 34. Vigils& Y0 `1 n$ H3 n4 x. T2 m' i1 S( Z
* Y0 d- n l. o& iDrama and Music; `9 d A. `8 k5 E
35. Humorous skits and pranks0 {( b% U8 ~5 r" \5 ?6 d) [# a p- E
36. Performances of plays and music
2 J" p% t( t% A1 L 37. Singing! O( M# A0 `4 i) [+ k
! T# X# g3 @, J+ }3 f9 r" h
Processions
% f: t; @& H Y! k- ^. B 38. Marches3 P8 ~5 }1 Y: a6 W& O) s! n S
39. Parades
9 M: g! g- s: ]9 L/ A0 ] 40. Religious processions
( }1 N8 `+ _0 G% _( J 41. Pilgrimages
- ` P" @; q( r @- e8 r 42. Motorcades
& y: ^+ b; @) T, ]4 S: A4 j
( s$ x. F4 V Y6 n8 ~8 y9 z% oHonoring the Dead
' c- q' R6 ^. l% L% @' C 43. Political mourning+ n! B! b6 ]$ s0 w& B8 ]
44. Mock funerals
1 j+ p& B h$ m1 P 45. Demonstrative funerals
0 n5 B U% S- m0 O 46. Homage at burial places q' e. @6 N4 s# U
) b8 W1 ^! P9 f* ^7 H: FPublic Assemblies
, _$ V3 b. u3 L" j+ o 47. Assemblies of protest or support5 d6 D: g7 J! B3 k
48. Protest meetings# a6 X8 y. K i3 }3 t
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 a# I8 g- Z8 {. q8 Y6 G1 s! H6 J
50. Teach-ins
% G. Z/ Z+ E" l7 T% l: |
' O% N# Q+ e: e* M3 A% ^+ X; ]Withdrawal and Renunciation1 }* y% p. `' h. t
51. Walk-outs9 P; F5 F3 c+ E
52. Silence4 W4 o9 S+ t+ Z. Z+ A$ H7 V
53. Renouncing honors
3 \( t1 p6 Y! g0 _ U" }: O 54. Turning one’s back
! \) n: \# n- q
6 ~- D2 r2 {- U: s- p& {. Z
' v; i I2 i% e3 n# ?: ~* B+ R- J+ N* j6 Z( k* l
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! f* V# K5 E, j d; f& a
' w( F l) ]# Q# T6 F8 _
9 g: n9 g8 I+ d$ d
% D6 j# U4 b, J5 {) L0 _Ostracism of Persons3 j4 J4 N( _; f) {% ~' z% g5 O
55. Social boycott8 {+ q. _5 t& ^$ K% I7 L3 x1 i( y8 d
56. Selective social boycott
" N0 k o; B' Y" C2 j1 { 57. Lysistratic nonaction* d: r6 Z4 ]; m. X7 O
58. Excommunication$ q. L2 Y' V" p# { V$ B+ x+ o
59. Interdict
: t$ y3 o- B- d M' J& X: n1 M) q+ s' {+ v8 G; Z+ { z; Z
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) o( C7 f% z, u0 G6 f4 C 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
1 x: K) K" K; \& u* }2 m' h# B 61. Boycott of social affairs0 g% n" l3 r$ ~3 z- \5 N
62. Student strike/ z' E0 k4 c0 P' Z ~; K$ F
63. Social disobedience& I9 [, v# ]3 r3 K$ B
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
/ D4 `) C3 k- I% F2 L- B% m- E v' v
Withdrawal from the Social System
8 h1 {) i( y1 L; T8 W4 ]; K: S 65. Stay-at-home
& k6 R& g1 r$ r1 M# K3 v7 \. h 66. Total personal noncooperation
6 u9 r) u( _7 k2 R: w9 Z Z 67. “Flight” of workers2 X6 i, ^+ _5 M2 p6 T
68. Sanctuary
% y g1 C) u$ |$ ^6 R$ @% }" X 69. Collective disappearance; f8 w- O, ?; @. @
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 O# l# Y4 I) A1 F K
9 f6 T; k8 |) Q6 G+ |2 k
( a# v3 |8 q8 L) N J9 c: L' \$ d0 F. y7 H: l, s/ f4 b" \
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
. G) B2 T3 n# a- D/ n! h7 q8 B; X) }& |2 e9 G$ ?
4 H9 W6 B5 ?5 x( K
Actions by Consumers9 e6 a% p U! i5 q1 m' K
71. Consumers’ boycott# q6 ~) j/ w; i( e" q n
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( w& G4 H( p/ ^ [: ^
73. Policy of austerity
6 Z8 a$ k1 Q/ n 74. Rent withholding G' J1 |$ n5 p* _3 n. ? R+ H! X
75. Refusal to rent
. M5 z, D0 L1 S6 u p1 o' _ 76. National consumers’ boycott
) G0 A* M- n( J; `& z) I) T 77. International consumers’ boycott5 S. Q+ |, m" u! y1 R
6 c$ h% y/ }4 T ]2 y( \ i% G6 xAction by Workers and Producers" L9 Z4 x, u# F! w, i
78. Workmen’s boycott
% }% @1 V7 Y7 x, E6 R ~( ^9 U 79. Producers’ boycott
1 m: n B' u8 r+ W, M- k7 i& t; U0 j' V. s7 ^8 J3 Z
Action by Middlemen7 z, `! m) V7 W* J* f
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 ^7 R0 u# a+ J" a' C; _6 n( I! w) t/ N; t( V3 Q+ s# O8 G/ @, ^
Action by Owners and Management
2 m% z' ~" T7 |" l( h 81. Traders’ boycott1 m- X x5 M4 {* D4 M* _
82. Refusal to let or sell property3 c! A$ l7 K' b
83. Lockout4 _, E5 T6 w. l6 O3 v
84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 v) b% g3 F: o ]) d# p
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
6 f& S" ~0 x& j( e, |) x; f6 c7 _* H+ w# T8 j6 M
Action by Holders of Financial Resources2 O- E# F7 r* b( u; _
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 i% \# H: W5 A, s/ S8 f 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' q5 C3 n, |" q/ o1 K: e3 k' q) b
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 r& `$ n' p. J, ?9 T4 J- V
89. Severance of funds and credit
/ l& C9 j8 c* k" l! ~ 90. Revenue refusal
4 p% B/ M4 G C, l V' q 91. Refusal of a government’s money, Y, r3 V- T- J$ Z4 m; \
% V5 N" _/ a1 e, k; s( x5 L
Action by Governments
; g( E# L" ]& m/ Z8 G5 b 92. Domestic embargo3 y4 o3 [" J. q, f. S" K \( l
93. Blacklisting of traders
, }* [) S3 ?% _" T 94. International sellers’ embargo
b& d7 G' w) q- S) ?. u' S 95. International buyers’ embargo6 C6 T2 c# K- a8 Q
96. International trade embargo
8 g/ i3 n l, ?+ m! t) Y( }$ q* _4 i' P
- \. X+ i( U2 Z" Z3 s2 O' D
7 f6 ] u9 G4 L. J
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' v7 c$ c. Z$ e
0 n, x" u C# }; U/ _+ E" w
" Y3 d9 M! L: g! |" j/ p5 N
Symbolic Strikes
" _- X9 P5 {: ?4 d 97. Protest strike+ P! ^ S6 ~, d- |
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; A/ D6 n# q4 g0 P/ H6 `. U6 C) N' U. @/ M q
Agricultural Strikes
# y6 Y4 p4 t8 T l! W8 G: }% R. X! o* S3 ` 99. Peasant strike+ U) F/ a" y- g3 T2 \
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 F$ f, ^4 I9 }& l
3 x7 b5 N3 r# V7 e
Strikes by Special Groups& L1 {# K0 z$ f4 T& g9 J
101. Refusal of impressed labor$ c' s* `' P5 v$ C
102. Prisoners’ strike2 H6 S! W0 y( G
103. Craft strike
, G* R: ?5 B: n) k8 e: O 104. Professional strike
2 ]! `7 g& u6 l, g/ X. ^! M
6 O+ \3 l+ T# u! G' o) mOrdinary Industrial Strikes: c8 j6 [! X, } v" x, f5 W
105. Establishment strike
. i# `$ x4 u4 D1 m- Y5 a6 y 106. Industry strike4 P7 ]; N3 b6 c" g3 ]2 r: p) Z
107. Sympathetic strike' `8 _' L2 @' q$ D2 ]: ]3 h# @% o
1 ?9 Q0 e' f, D4 A$ r0 J& ~7 eRestricted Strikes# ]' R& S4 E1 X/ B' t8 |
108. Detailed strike6 D; Z$ ~9 x* v8 e+ t* W
109. Bumper strike
- n" h9 v9 X$ o% A1 [2 [3 W 110. Slowdown strike9 e$ Y9 ?& G/ k: m6 v4 `6 y
111. Working-to-rule strike
: K4 T1 D' @; u) C) d 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- h% P0 o+ t% i4 N8 v7 a 113. Strike by resignation
: X# }) t+ y7 ] \- i 114. Limited strike; Q& G( B7 q: h" _
115. Selective strike
4 w, d. b9 B6 V: | Q% A. k$ O5 _: B2 F1 w% U$ y$ ]) ?: j
Multi-Industry Strikes
) C, Q Y2 W6 O) ? K- Z6 P5 D4 J2 P5 I
116. Generalized strike
$ R% K ~' K l5 M1 A5 j6 f: I5 D
117. General strike
8 }" d! @/ z* @6 w$ Z1 \0 W* F1 v. _" f. Z5 N+ {, X# _
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 U5 j, m& t8 G; `* n" N
i0 x) n% j/ ^2 g
118. Hartal
$ j# S) B2 m" |6 O" g9 i' S( b N
119. Economic shutdown
; V$ x" r: |9 ?6 y* c; E
8 P! P. |7 b Q a4 V6 T " p3 ] a# O' m+ N
8 h# ]3 h$ R. F( U! ]
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
5 s1 |3 z1 s7 y6 m. s1 C2 v; F- ?# ]
6 i' o& u- l" l8 U" E) S/ U: i
Rejection of Authority
4 s0 O# T( J, V8 |: }9 a 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 }! k9 ?1 s" ~, g+ U+ l9 O
121. Refusal of public support8 g' C/ o; a3 s( H
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
, y4 Y( _$ }6 b! r9 y1 }+ F9 Y/ E/ u. N& h" p3 a. Q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government& E5 d0 v% v6 x7 j) y6 z/ E
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
G5 }3 i% F5 l) r: N 124. Boycott of elections* y: `8 s) `" Y: [) J/ j' Y" ~
125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 K, U0 ^* }, r# x1 o( M7 I* m
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ c$ ^* y' I* x: T; \- I 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 Z% W9 O2 q4 X9 T& [# ~ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ }8 O+ O- M3 E& e 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
) Y1 c+ u0 I i$ K% q: K1 { 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks l0 ?' N" V- R$ O. A9 B
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ }' E" e7 m( Y1 a 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 I# I( w* Q. C% ~* [% x8 _
a# W2 b$ `' C$ qCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: e9 n/ I# S; C1 @3 g( D0 T
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# a9 T8 A+ Z9 ~5 K
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 @) c, F& T# w; h _8 h( J 135. Popular nonobedience% w# t$ @) Q2 e2 j8 V
136. Disguised disobedience; G8 ?9 K A% \" g9 B' d
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 [; ^+ t' o8 t
138. Sitdown7 V1 b, S2 g4 [7 j! w$ R8 p% p
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 ^$ L Q; ?; g S9 e8 z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 ?' D( @; L5 j' {
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
6 C2 x5 o7 g& Z1 z! [3 E( {
5 L+ T, Y: ^5 c6 p+ H, W3 aAction by Government Personnel ^; |- @7 Y* z8 S8 f Z L: N
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# o9 z" J9 j/ Q: |. ~& p* r) U
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 F% m0 M* z$ U0 Q 144. Stalling and obstruction
* S/ _+ [, I/ O$ [ 145. General administrative noncooperation
* x- T/ n/ t& u$ v/ r& a2 p+ e m3 C6 @% W! h) O# L
146. Judicial noncooperation# [* c* l0 H" U: _' H
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents+ d* I7 |. N2 {" I8 r
148. Mutiny; r/ ^6 k4 Z2 K
Domestic Governmental Action- v7 {2 F% o1 }4 d8 G/ q4 v2 P
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# p+ g9 e2 Z7 l2 O* [. o1 ~# U 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
) S, s+ s. R! W a4 X: u
; A/ H! G% M% W; S) b* PInternational Governmental Action
! s' d- n4 O, `& P @9 W, w- R 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
0 W2 U! d) R- `( G; i/ ` 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events" x# \ o/ S* S6 K% P; r
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition# x9 A3 Y3 l' S% y5 y; [2 ?& D& F
154. Severance of diplomatic relations* d. }; G3 x2 Q7 j" `$ Q# D o
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ Y- M+ y& ~; {0 D4 U y+ t5 o 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 s( I* P8 h9 v# y$ S7 F; S# w( r 157. Expulsion from international organizations
( `4 j* \2 ~9 `, ^3 x( _. Y9 B- i" K
" c! V0 g8 n* W% }5 w+ g
- Y4 |# v6 A; fTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
9 n0 Q! F6 M4 x4 b/ `
1 t* _0 O$ y" H5 f0 k
2 ?- H) P3 s" y" d5 KPsychological Intervention* `0 q+ G, L' g' Q, n- D
158. Self-exposure to the elements3 R7 ^9 C2 n3 v- G, M/ G7 G& J7 n$ Z
159. The fast
6 j; R+ N4 q4 h( c( M a) Fast of moral pressure
- ~' @% d/ o$ I b) Hunger strike+ ]1 }- |, t! X( q' h
c) Satyagrahic fast
% f/ X; A; I7 a7 c7 E; y 160. Reverse trial1 @$ H( e8 [" i
161. Nonviolent harassment
K/ ^9 I/ E% ]( Z0 N
3 v" C, d- n! p" R, R' {* k1 SPhysical Intervention
: R- X' P; k3 {) S! } 162. Sit-in% U4 |# y8 K/ P0 i$ a. C
163. Stand-in
2 |( Y8 m2 N, J4 p4 A1 e 164. Ride-in6 ~6 G9 g- n: Y7 S+ W' W: M+ A9 d
165. Wade-in' J9 K' x e4 Y% o2 \5 q. {6 O$ W! S
166. Mill-in
0 }* |! W$ A: e 167. Pray-in
7 c5 Z# u& }9 b/ |& p8 E 168. Nonviolent raids
7 x: r5 D6 w# O" ^: p0 R% q 169. Nonviolent air raids+ u& W3 F Y4 s" a8 y% }
170. Nonviolent invasion0 n" ]! x+ d- J+ |7 E6 E8 r& T! F
171. Nonviolent interjection& W* m% `& H4 a; M- {0 B. q
172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 D; R/ E: v% _2 }" }+ ~, M* c& |+ P, s& d 173. Nonviolent occupation+ P/ r3 j5 }+ I
9 w+ e* v& U6 v3 E: u8 P; hSocial Intervention! J$ P' c0 v* {- H
174. Establishing new social patterns; ]: |2 c) V! _5 J) e5 V1 m
175. Overloading of facilities" ]2 o; n2 ^; T& l
176. Stall-in; C4 @9 Z$ s; b6 e8 V4 R. M" i0 N
177. Speak-in
3 r! G( g$ _6 [* l4 ] 178. Guerrilla theater6 x5 } C% e( [: q
179. Alternative social institutions: y4 T) \# m# W7 o. M
180. Alternative communication system
6 n% ]% O; T, w9 Z& A) ~2 x+ g x9 p5 b7 D4 Z
Economic Intervention7 e- l" e$ |; P5 j; A
181. Reverse strike/ o5 U+ |* G& Z/ h
182. Stay-in strike
1 W: ?' g7 \4 r& }0 a2 \ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
/ P6 f% a; M9 K: J3 s0 \, I 184. Defiance of blockades B5 N/ G7 P* A8 J, w, G
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
* n) P, i* O( w, V* p) [6 d 186. Preclusive purchasing N* U1 [6 I( }
187. Seizure of assets& O! K* j# e7 `+ c5 t3 `* {3 D
188. Dumping: ]+ l0 m' |+ O# f3 f9 P5 B
189. Selective patronage
7 [. @$ ]! b5 z 190. Alternative markets
" z0 O$ k- [6 Z9 F) H3 O 191. Alternative transportation systems' e9 h2 q S, H8 I2 j
192. Alternative economic institutions
( ^1 l+ V9 ~$ y0 {
9 @$ u4 n$ P$ ]Political Intervention" Z% q" x/ n; F" K) `' H3 @5 a4 ]+ W
193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 h& R% g Z0 l6 E: J$ O0 B4 t* r, F 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents: P: B# p/ m& G3 u' _7 }
195. Seeking imprisonment5 I( z$ `: f7 N* ~0 ?
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" _. C8 j% D$ ?7 O& I. U* J. @
197. Work-on without collaboration6 `- ]; _( P/ g6 }( K6 ?. t
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. _. P) Z3 ]# W- E- S0 D; [: H
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
