 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 R; h$ `; Z+ B5 t6 tFormal Statements' @' y. Z: F! g
1. Public Speeches
7 V9 Q& W2 N* ~ 2. Letters of opposition or support
0 s/ E. E: v; \( a 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 b4 n% ~$ \- z
4. Signed public statements3 h) e0 Y4 F& E+ q% g2 K
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
; j% {+ o$ F3 `) z8 X! E 6. Group or mass petitions
; n* ` P" B" Z$ q2 C9 j
M7 U3 ^ r, WCommunications with a Wider Audience1 Q N# M/ o5 u
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 u' c9 S1 d7 W. q, \. Q# R0 |: @ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications3 \7 ^8 Q; S3 _5 ^6 `& F" L/ J
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 b- Z3 B5 X: K0 w 10. Newspapers and journals
2 F/ l9 @3 B4 g4 k+ ^/ b9 | 11. Records, radio, and television
5 t7 j2 u4 _+ i 12. Skywriting and earthwriting# A) |; V8 l3 H) i, i- ^5 o8 v7 Y9 W
( Y' X! w8 Y2 B0 h
Group Representations8 H% |# a* @ N0 d
13. Deputations9 W3 ~7 s+ i4 Y: f9 A1 l* z
14. Mock awards
' }$ r% J$ ~! P7 R 15. Group lobbying0 v: v4 A9 M2 M1 z# F
16. Picketing r8 Y0 W0 C( P" q) c$ S
17. Mock elections
/ \7 _( @2 \& P C, t0 _, L6 W8 b# S. @
Symbolic Public Acts
8 i7 g$ O! C" }$ @3 F* U, @ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 x* `6 w- Z. w 19. Wearing of symbols$ P" y) {9 b' d% k* ]
20. Prayer and worship# h. F3 v# n# f* B9 e* `7 x3 ?: |3 u
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 |8 |4 ~' o8 n/ b2 l( o( n5 p 22. Protest disrobings5 Y8 }$ Q1 {- S1 Q- I, m7 m
23. Destruction of own property2 s+ Y+ m, e1 J5 V* V0 N# W) U4 t4 ^
24. Symbolic lights& ] `. ~/ P8 \* d0 h
25. Displays of portraits
. {" ?/ Z" @ Q) G7 E 26. Paint as protest% N' u. M4 u5 U6 y, M3 `' @
27. New signs and names
1 j4 V5 b9 C6 P 28. Symbolic sounds
9 z# r; ^* V) @, W! c9 ~ o 29. Symbolic reclamations
" X9 _* i; d! d9 T4 v2 g+ e 30. Rude gestures5 S# l- ^" ?; {' \1 |9 Z8 r
3 ?2 i- q5 c- ` p+ F5 i2 _' n; u, fPressures on Individuals; K; u' Y4 }: O- T1 {
31. “Haunting” officials% _( t9 w$ k$ Y- ~
32. Taunting officials5 a. f! {2 O3 u# `0 ~7 i
33. Fraternization- ~9 N6 g @+ [. z3 G, X# _/ H3 |
34. Vigils7 Y; ]2 q4 f- }( g, v: T- ?. L
- Z$ ?- R9 e. K- ~3 ~' b6 w# [
Drama and Music/ Y7 C5 p) r/ k! X
35. Humorous skits and pranks* u# }% ?3 Y9 N8 x% l" q
36. Performances of plays and music
6 W' F, m3 B' W0 V 37. Singing$ k# ?8 ]9 ?7 | `, u4 I6 A$ S* o7 l
) u! [! A8 f" P: }3 bProcessions
; i) h4 }( }& I 38. Marches
: ?& Y1 J* |6 y* D" ?8 p! _9 e( u 39. Parades
7 j$ A% O% J* O" B! [4 F 40. Religious processions; N8 g' x' D+ r5 r+ o! y3 {
41. Pilgrimages
% @+ O% [+ ]! G8 J- R7 | k 42. Motorcades( B' b+ @- x( ~* M! m
2 o0 K3 T- G; ] @5 a9 r; u5 f7 M! D. \! p
Honoring the Dead
8 q1 J9 o4 \2 \& C/ P3 b* | 43. Political mourning7 l! M6 ^9 I" l# c2 s0 X' P
44. Mock funerals& p' ~! p0 b& L7 }
45. Demonstrative funerals
8 Q0 H5 Z8 r' a) M 46. Homage at burial places+ {- i; ^+ n; ^6 U# k6 Y
8 y ]1 T8 L9 B8 f1 b* l5 bPublic Assemblies# B/ P m. R' ~( G$ i) L4 a. |! x
47. Assemblies of protest or support( Z& C# i, p0 E% E. L7 v
48. Protest meetings
6 y1 d& t6 Z7 }& f$ O1 R i& i 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 Z+ i0 ]2 R) V/ e
50. Teach-ins
4 {0 |4 d+ U6 y" d8 o+ ^, O% W' `
/ f2 c o$ x' {2 |5 T& ?Withdrawal and Renunciation. s' |% `- F4 O' u$ g
51. Walk-outs
5 ]+ [& Q) j8 ^ 52. Silence
% W* Q( |' s6 K) u6 V5 }4 J 53. Renouncing honors
( a1 U4 ^5 A, S( U; f7 r. A! X6 E( t 54. Turning one’s back
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8 z7 m8 G7 _6 z: aTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- n7 A/ e1 S! G
8 o; Z% ?+ {+ ~ ! j. h: D+ N a" I. h
[; Q+ ~0 @7 m9 q: d3 c# POstracism of Persons
7 x+ U) G0 s* ^0 _3 E 55. Social boycott% [. r6 E$ l4 @; E8 P
56. Selective social boycott
1 R$ M5 S k. }6 J: o1 q2 m 57. Lysistratic nonaction O8 Q; P- [/ x( M! ?0 G
58. Excommunication* W% d" T3 G2 z9 ?; k, w- h
59. Interdict5 H2 F2 ]$ s: Q$ l
7 m$ g) }% C& q! V; ^- G
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; F& d/ q3 |' O% V5 z
60. Suspension of social and sports activities' j1 b7 r$ V& p- n6 q) D
61. Boycott of social affairs
_7 K/ x% I, D 62. Student strike
5 G. K3 [, z2 A6 l- Y; g( k 63. Social disobedience- J( y$ O- f' J6 h; H9 u: _
64. Withdrawal from social institutions K; s A8 `- a5 X, z( p5 @
( w3 u9 Y l# @/ ^, n1 F: t0 X
Withdrawal from the Social System% t; e+ \/ B: S# t% |% G, L
65. Stay-at-home' G9 r3 t2 X9 ], W7 a' }; Y8 y% T
66. Total personal noncooperation8 l" V$ ~- W, i$ q5 I) S$ j
67. “Flight” of workers9 K9 K, R1 |0 K/ z/ V/ H4 }
68. Sanctuary* y" K0 `% K6 p- p
69. Collective disappearance
4 Z/ _% Q# h; }) l7 v$ e8 W 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 d/ R4 F* \1 F2 i" f, l Q2 ]1 O
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+ |5 W$ s6 P! A- {# g* @- m% g/ r) ^THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 _5 x8 c. o& G X+ v& U
& S8 f9 m5 e W- v) m3 `
' s7 N( w o5 `1 d) uActions by Consumers
# v5 a& C* H$ N; {" c 71. Consumers’ boycott
% T( n9 W* p9 v l 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ Y+ u8 C& w$ _& t2 W" {5 V 73. Policy of austerity
! B! D; B5 v7 i" | 74. Rent withholding
6 d: r6 d; w8 e+ ^0 i" C) W 75. Refusal to rent9 z0 {0 O. B" P; S& L; |
76. National consumers’ boycott
k1 E: j- ~" m% l0 c 77. International consumers’ boycott
$ B3 f3 c) y9 `; d) I/ t5 L
3 d! Q& b5 k5 }Action by Workers and Producers
7 i* S1 }" V1 Q 78. Workmen’s boycott% H$ k2 ^1 Q5 y- E6 u6 g
79. Producers’ boycott
& J( g4 G* w# S/ {& S
+ A1 l n5 W2 J# NAction by Middlemen, ? b/ L6 [- K3 D: V$ `8 u
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott9 K: S2 S" w3 ]+ A7 Y7 }; K
: O9 I- M( o! }: I& O" c9 fAction by Owners and Management) q' e' [( A8 N* Q+ a' z: ]
81. Traders’ boycott ^1 S- q3 L2 t" [/ o
82. Refusal to let or sell property6 ]1 v$ a/ [ G7 z! E( p- M
83. Lockout
% j( J3 |3 `- @3 A% X% t 84. Refusal of industrial assistance( M( z5 g9 s6 D0 A8 O
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" H" C+ f% y9 T1 [ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! J& g0 [: k& w6 V2 |( V( ?3 J 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 S) b% T: l6 k" D4 X& T7 w
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! F7 w0 [6 }0 i0 v* r% z5 {
89. Severance of funds and credit6 f I1 S& |# g+ e/ R
90. Revenue refusal
7 m7 a3 ?$ G; N+ d 91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 X" T+ V9 K) h5 [- B# P5 R
) s4 J: x$ Y, sAction by Governments" W7 J) ~" l, k* a# B8 g ]: M/ b
92. Domestic embargo" ^0 X! ?5 D0 R p3 z2 F
93. Blacklisting of traders3 p: n4 L' g) ]0 y3 a5 _
94. International sellers’ embargo
% j" I* o' p8 y 95. International buyers’ embargo# d' O/ \7 O" @
96. International trade embargo
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2 s8 E+ [+ j& E9 C- JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 S$ t1 b/ |4 H3 r7 I
5 P5 L. f8 _6 D1 x
3 {/ G9 G) q: V, t5 v d, h5 T
Symbolic Strikes
A0 i* T1 a# m 97. Protest strike
/ D/ O, ?$ i0 ~7 @" { 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike), L o% n* o" ]+ N
! a# }5 [# Z; {$ c1 J% u- o% |+ ]Agricultural Strikes
* z' y) l0 G* z& o) X4 F+ r 99. Peasant strike
+ x$ J+ X2 B; p4 ^3 J 100. Farm Workers’ strike& W- W6 O4 z( R( V) L1 F" y
% C D1 ~8 l5 K% n' V; ~5 q* sStrikes by Special Groups# Y- D% U8 X" E3 @+ m6 N p
101. Refusal of impressed labor! f. H6 P" y; D( Z% V
102. Prisoners’ strike
% l. [9 A6 _! Y) D* {* _- U8 J 103. Craft strike
+ Q, c( Z" V) f 104. Professional strike
. N; y# ^. ]& m5 }; S' j0 E9 q8 H
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
9 {8 O. ~- w/ |+ o u, \5 c' ~/ P 105. Establishment strike
' p( { x% w8 X4 O9 e- v6 I. ] 106. Industry strike
1 c- r. D. s5 r2 c( L# r 107. Sympathetic strike: K* O w5 b- d1 z2 z: @# l# w8 O
7 w9 y/ @% A; Y2 t; \% M I9 I
Restricted Strikes
7 \" Z9 \, w% v$ I7 h 108. Detailed strike: t. [# y! e6 P& r0 W& a5 Z' G8 F
109. Bumper strike7 _1 i# j' v7 A
110. Slowdown strike1 p& u- t) p4 N) I- H0 w% ?1 A
111. Working-to-rule strike3 b6 G# J& D: A9 e; E- I* M
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- \1 d) Z3 x, H- ] E" K 113. Strike by resignation: r! b6 v5 g& k1 ?, A9 ^' K* R3 k
114. Limited strike
& D9 q* n9 m) @# I9 }' \ E 115. Selective strike, B5 j# m5 R7 @# `, n* \
; |9 z- j3 n( L. k9 ^. x" {: ^
Multi-Industry Strikes
Q/ `0 @* O1 }4 O l* O
' u$ D% d5 Y; O8 h4 J$ \! C3 f4 S! q 116. Generalized strike! g2 E8 z( {" f* B) M, D
+ m5 w' k) b% ?4 |( b% s2 }$ W: K6 _ 117. General strike
9 [6 j9 P2 ]0 N O/ _8 W% }4 D: m, y1 }0 X, h: V4 U
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
" K6 m3 @) l& @& |$ P& S
! A# m- Q, q, `- d) K. I% L5 J 118. Hartal
8 `. F/ Z: P$ M9 u9 _* m7 |2 E+ v+ B3 ~5 x* ^& ~
119. Economic shutdown2 \! U6 |3 @/ Q0 v9 s; D+ }+ A
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3 R; M% I. `( t- _0 X0 ] k) kTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION- A# D& p ~- |( g; w5 X% b
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' C- u/ Q: d5 E U) [. iRejection of Authority
" P9 S5 d2 j( ~" o8 B7 K) n8 y* c 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: a" s- y- L) i; G( j2 b5 Q
121. Refusal of public support5 X+ r% ^3 N e. \$ Y
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 a+ H R* I( T( x# e9 f$ o- N# x6 r3 r* i; [, U% I
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 d5 f! X' c0 E0 U9 b
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; ]2 p, F( N: x2 ~; o0 o: ^ 124. Boycott of elections6 w; P4 Y3 m- [- E0 @
125. Boycott of government employment and positions' D+ x6 R: v7 s! o
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 v* B r$ }( `& N; X2 z. j9 P
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% r# A2 L+ o5 l: Z- T5 G 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ U/ x/ G& m8 z( D# U7 D. X: ^; P0 ] 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% C5 X! Q% `* E$ e! ?
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' ~ b/ k( O" ~* h/ [4 i" P4 v+ W
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) j8 W% P8 m5 V' o! a* M 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
. b# m0 E# }: Y$ f9 x# S% _ W9 d5 z$ y# q
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: T$ |* K `* P4 `; J( c6 `, e
133. Reluctant and slow compliance: k" T6 M z) g: X3 M
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 S$ f5 @4 W* x
135. Popular nonobedience) C) h. h# I0 W' _$ |& c
136. Disguised disobedience' Z! [6 e; |1 j% r' M& T1 j0 C
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse& q4 U1 Z* ]! c. q( ^+ \. W
138. Sitdown, M( P/ s, C6 _# Z7 X
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 L' S8 |' N: E2 L, t" T 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 ?& A* b. x" v/ g5 a5 \* ^
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% ?9 x; j4 K8 C3 l# `1 Y3 x3 C" `- e! k
Action by Government Personnel/ k% Y. _. L& g0 f
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: |& L5 r' U2 J0 | y 143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 A# [; p, O9 Y. K$ W! K8 f6 F, C
144. Stalling and obstruction. x( J1 r1 D& l6 }4 m. f
145. General administrative noncooperation
/ R" I! u1 k" ?0 E t
. ~9 j: n% d4 u/ Y$ a 146. Judicial noncooperation0 E3 J9 Z8 C, Q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ k. d+ n' c" o7 p X2 b. u9 Q
148. Mutiny! r, e$ o9 t, |( G7 U
Domestic Governmental Action
3 _( C& ]! r- V$ O( b 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 b0 j, B- r+ T7 B; `8 d
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! g& G5 d6 n8 A* x
" y5 X8 u# U6 @" o1 o
International Governmental Action
# P* n) M% A! V H 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations7 i3 g+ o+ V z# }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. e" l7 o& q2 O* n
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' }; V$ j8 p: g3 h! |1 b; D 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 }6 S8 J& _# R* u. o 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. v2 }& l+ w- [" |. I: P 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) [/ a" D* I7 X" a
157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 b6 C' @: U; X. \; @9 T( | e. |+ x, W5 x4 j' T9 p$ o
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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+ i" O' I" |4 N# ePsychological Intervention7 I: g" f4 E+ f0 i# W9 |
158. Self-exposure to the elements' R3 c4 R0 s2 t( d
159. The fast
7 B8 @6 l# v2 v) }! R a) Fast of moral pressure
8 m% X2 }/ n; ], G. G/ W4 E2 @ b) Hunger strike' j. r" X' L' Z
c) Satyagrahic fast" o1 k( ?, K* A( X! m
160. Reverse trial _5 u8 Q$ r& |! K8 S
161. Nonviolent harassment) ^% z4 {" Y8 K/ B1 @/ w# N* A4 w
. j, J- B0 Y6 m. }) \, ^ bPhysical Intervention
5 Z9 M% i! T* J* ~, w; i 162. Sit-in
8 [2 ~: }- V9 }6 G 163. Stand-in
3 G" O' }1 F* {+ H" Z) ~1 a6 G 164. Ride-in7 g$ D5 M/ b8 [% k0 C# p
165. Wade-in6 ~+ n+ P7 @# I+ O% @
166. Mill-in
6 o' ]* D5 R$ W+ A- d0 [! I 167. Pray-in
# J( r; w8 P1 ]+ P 168. Nonviolent raids
* n, H/ X7 t+ r, a 169. Nonviolent air raids
4 H" U. \( V" M0 d' a& F: ?5 i/ j- v+ D 170. Nonviolent invasion1 P, ~# p. O+ T- t5 n9 X
171. Nonviolent interjection$ R3 j7 ] p1 ^9 ~, b/ b) T# L
172. Nonviolent obstruction
" L' k* |# M; { 173. Nonviolent occupation6 r8 w; F/ Y7 g/ D6 L
9 A8 F1 _5 ~3 X7 ~& P2 Y% T& s) bSocial Intervention
2 ?6 h$ @+ d( t/ L+ c4 x 174. Establishing new social patterns
6 a, }" h6 E9 {( \ 175. Overloading of facilities) e" u- A1 [# m
176. Stall-in: Z: I* h/ K7 c9 g/ O
177. Speak-in
; J* D/ A a; ~1 i5 y1 }1 i( Z 178. Guerrilla theater! X% ~( s* y) t8 E& X; ~7 ?
179. Alternative social institutions
, `! H' m3 Y4 Q 180. Alternative communication system
0 o- F6 t3 e8 N; @( e/ }) d# \, Q: P# U Z. I& J$ X* \; m5 U
Economic Intervention% s z4 K: |. l2 h
181. Reverse strike& i2 ]# B6 r& y& `1 u7 H: X
182. Stay-in strike6 y/ o" a, K* R( }
183. Nonviolent land seizure& I' N5 f# w$ a# W7 ^
184. Defiance of blockades
- U+ t8 v3 F9 X/ j 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 A5 ~' L) Q3 Z+ J$ l0 f
186. Preclusive purchasing
3 t) @. V2 W" [/ o 187. Seizure of assets
! k; j' \7 p+ K4 w0 l 188. Dumping
3 v4 F8 Y2 ]& W4 n8 X) b 189. Selective patronage. i/ ^. g: i3 ~+ {
190. Alternative markets7 y- C; V: @" M
191. Alternative transportation systems; A$ s0 A7 ^ ~8 ]6 @9 E
192. Alternative economic institutions9 g! y+ v0 \9 g: M
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Political Intervention
3 c, @4 Q# w& x- r: V 193. Overloading of administrative systems
- t/ k' U$ w; A- o1 t 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents& d; O. o9 s b0 D: _
195. Seeking imprisonment: v: W0 b+ L: N1 k
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' v# D& G* n& S, n$ h, J' ] 197. Work-on without collaboration$ K" x( G9 }+ E/ ?2 J. X U
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
