 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ S2 N0 e( \5 ?0 KFormal Statements) y8 O& V& m, X! R
1. Public Speeches4 L! Y, J& Y9 R% Y
2. Letters of opposition or support8 o& p3 K, ^: P! B8 N" H6 V0 w
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
' b2 N9 b6 X9 d 4. Signed public statements
! \8 B5 ?9 X1 ~ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention( O# ~7 b) }' e7 f5 b8 |
6. Group or mass petitions/ e: i% s/ L; A
. n; [: ~8 {# u
Communications with a Wider Audience
' U" k& W% o" m' t" t4 [2 r5 v( E 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ K. b6 S2 Q1 Z, N6 c( E8 O: ~ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" ]' b9 F4 ^( ]6 _ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" Q5 j a" l8 x, Y. L; H' J
10. Newspapers and journals
z: k: p3 I) g. |" B 11. Records, radio, and television
) u6 S$ @/ Z' K- [: i' w+ E 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ ^; a. q0 P" n! W$ {# s& }8 _8 M1 c! B/ u7 j, @' l, ]) G+ E
Group Representations
5 a& \" w4 J: u3 n 13. Deputations5 F- H! U9 P% c. \! j+ h
14. Mock awards
; v' D' i( |, ~% J% i9 `. z 15. Group lobbying
5 F) {5 |0 N4 R6 H$ A 16. Picketing
+ e/ i3 [6 T! z 17. Mock elections+ A, R1 h3 }$ z( z2 [
+ J; z% W1 W( r% G4 _; a- d1 I
Symbolic Public Acts5 O* ~# |1 D2 f: R' A
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors* {. z' {6 s/ u- | B3 `5 {
19. Wearing of symbols0 s/ e! s: v1 B; X0 |& A' `
20. Prayer and worship. N/ h; T4 O* Q" S% e
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 u6 o- D7 r8 m6 v# m+ t
22. Protest disrobings. ]4 x2 L' R$ @8 [) i. x
23. Destruction of own property
# K! q" J9 Y1 t. h 24. Symbolic lights
& u- A* y6 a H0 N% F+ h { 25. Displays of portraits: s! K, _# R- s7 G6 d+ m1 i9 _
26. Paint as protest
! Z' b! ]" d6 x, | 27. New signs and names
4 t8 B2 ~; I( X7 E& ~9 F 28. Symbolic sounds$ z4 q, O! @8 V+ P/ N
29. Symbolic reclamations8 z" [/ f0 X2 o- h; l
30. Rude gestures
1 _2 d# o0 N. j; O9 U, C9 K8 a3 e( a; n% @( s* Z* I
Pressures on Individuals
! Q8 j6 U$ ~& e8 i 31. “Haunting” officials
q9 V2 Q& q% J 32. Taunting officials
$ D" q5 n! Y; T3 B! W 33. Fraternization
1 J; }# K" h9 R3 I7 d4 B. Z* a 34. Vigils% J2 m- Q. g3 p
( E Z0 B' m: t8 r" |Drama and Music) y) E$ b0 _# Q/ j1 E+ l3 P$ _
35. Humorous skits and pranks; Y' }5 e! w, @" O+ Q! M8 D/ ~/ i0 Q. Y
36. Performances of plays and music
; ?7 I8 S" U- _" A$ [ 37. Singing
: M- i3 M* S w: Z# R. h/ M' z) B2 W& G
Processions c# N! s) R- Z; o0 w
38. Marches
! e' C/ A: [$ l L6 ~) _$ a2 c& k 39. Parades b) \; w2 O' l9 ?2 w
40. Religious processions
7 t, U: p& D3 Y5 F+ Z8 f 41. Pilgrimages1 x7 B0 f$ K Z6 h( q4 Y
42. Motorcades
% ^ E3 X1 O2 X% }1 Z
) T0 p% s; |* G0 Z+ ]1 s; X5 F8 RHonoring the Dead
# Y5 l0 g @# Z7 y 43. Political mourning v! O* j) w2 m4 m5 _* g8 Z
44. Mock funerals
- p; \7 p9 T* j8 P 45. Demonstrative funerals1 }0 V1 j% B4 i; m# }1 r2 n
46. Homage at burial places
* D9 ^6 E9 E* k
* N( x0 E$ I4 ?Public Assemblies: }1 W; k) {. d3 b
47. Assemblies of protest or support
! q0 C; ~+ l" b5 p) V0 S$ _8 E 48. Protest meetings- ~1 h6 J' k4 Q) x1 \4 T
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: o1 o- m" a$ x& s" n 50. Teach-ins
8 ^. G) F! u l# ?" P7 O' s& N5 x: n, Q- o$ i' z- Y! z2 P' ?) i! V
Withdrawal and Renunciation0 G& a& ^& j$ a8 r& N% m, i n$ H
51. Walk-outs; G4 ~2 i. `7 {$ g y
52. Silence
( D& \$ _' c- G$ @* Z 53. Renouncing honors" |, n* ?, Z: s) y5 o x: l
54. Turning one’s back7 k3 T4 M; j" u; g" @' i
3 z" V2 |! I& D: v5 C$ F2 r6 s% V
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ L% l+ r6 H, a6 q3 k
$ }0 G/ D; o& d9 ?
/ n! v' B8 R& m! U* w
J0 M6 V) T Y5 {$ ZOstracism of Persons& a* t- n$ t4 G- X3 t. c, K
55. Social boycott
1 P0 U5 d5 [5 x% Q 56. Selective social boycott
4 Q# g( i2 w: d% ? 57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 b4 ~- I* B! e! k! ~$ ~- N 58. Excommunication
9 |* @4 D1 g' m& z 59. Interdict' O+ ~% X3 B2 X$ p6 H( O# L
3 V) u c) h, s; f. Q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; T5 i; v* z( D8 Q/ f+ \# T
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 a# F, a* Z' u& @# J" I 61. Boycott of social affairs
1 u) m( E- c( c4 y) [ 62. Student strike
% U- x7 s& S/ C( V' v- v! [# v$ l 63. Social disobedience
+ ~4 |1 ^* Y* p- Q% P 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! ?9 d; _1 r9 H, F
: j, ` G. l- g( ^0 QWithdrawal from the Social System# F. j0 ?. |" f- V* f1 R
65. Stay-at-home+ [' b" x. ~ W' `; ?! h
66. Total personal noncooperation5 A S: j8 B, g1 n# D
67. “Flight” of workers
; f2 L* f/ c5 |2 L1 h 68. Sanctuary
6 M3 ?7 e7 V/ Y3 {2 B5 K& h 69. Collective disappearance
7 O e8 T- o7 u0 | 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 `5 ]9 f) @0 k5 |" t" \! w
7 D" J8 k) R1 I B- b# B
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* O5 N5 B* ~8 a" T) ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 x1 k' _4 P) H1 H/ F! j8 M
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' {( c' ?0 L) G& K: VActions by Consumers' h6 @' j/ W% D5 R7 K( g
71. Consumers’ boycott
' m: r/ x9 l3 _$ A5 p 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' K5 ^; q% Y" a: Z
73. Policy of austerity
1 R! Q9 A- w. Q$ [) S- t" ^; H- _ 74. Rent withholding
5 }7 |$ u {( D9 L9 Q4 Y 75. Refusal to rent! Y8 e6 c" N3 _( Z- O: j
76. National consumers’ boycott' a; y) s }/ N* j2 B
77. International consumers’ boycott+ O3 s3 @+ ?! h; E; r+ _, ^
; y0 e7 i$ z; L& [4 n$ B& |, GAction by Workers and Producers
- P) r% ^- p4 I! W; u 78. Workmen’s boycott+ w. H: ?- p9 j% s8 ]
79. Producers’ boycott5 }. _( H- V% P: l6 ^1 W1 h: e3 R
1 y& X: T. H: w# t
Action by Middlemen
+ r- x' S6 o1 \5 X' b 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" S1 {: P! t- u$ S# ?' j: Q
/ @1 H2 e2 }: m6 C9 i( BAction by Owners and Management
) c- [. D9 c% |8 ^ 81. Traders’ boycott. {* L0 z, C1 D
82. Refusal to let or sell property& a ?1 `1 T( L" _5 V
83. Lockout
4 f' d: D3 C4 H, F# L1 s6 z 84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 M6 H! n; B- {4 ?- g2 l$ m
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ s& v, I3 u7 E4 M1 {( p
+ O, O/ b" W7 P/ w* A: h7 a V8 @Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 V9 A9 ]2 Q5 a9 s1 {3 U& a2 |2 y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, G. |+ i/ Q) ?0 f
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( l0 Z. W% }! D y- v. W! G
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ o2 \: u' H+ O6 R 89. Severance of funds and credit
" k0 z& S$ G$ S# N' y) p8 N+ t u 90. Revenue refusal
0 q3 I# |$ E% @$ w. K# V3 G 91. Refusal of a government’s money
( G" V( C7 n9 d# c/ K4 p* c. O* b; q! c3 L
Action by Governments8 T: I; ?% m) y5 K1 Z: K
92. Domestic embargo
( G$ I4 ^7 E, ?: x& ^ 93. Blacklisting of traders
9 c4 w) M1 D$ B7 }. b& M) c' A. i 94. International sellers’ embargo! b( H- j# ]' s2 M
95. International buyers’ embargo
) {. k0 J) O8 }& x% n 96. International trade embargo2 h. M# E' ~$ j# o
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" x4 c2 i( M7 U) W( k% ~
0 M$ D" b9 p4 V! Y1 q5 j$ [3 x& STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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7 z. U# Q+ m! a$ N) w: J9 OSymbolic Strikes7 t% j! Q. I0 x
97. Protest strike
8 x$ |& I) h% S5 H- M 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# J% w- Z3 n7 K1 ]
* O2 t% [( W j+ V+ e9 eAgricultural Strikes
7 s+ G. i% i% r2 S# |; G2 q 99. Peasant strike: m% ?+ d6 P# [# n
100. Farm Workers’ strike$ |2 B- Y' v( n# M; n
0 h, {! V( x1 W1 g3 d3 {$ \2 eStrikes by Special Groups9 Q+ ~; t, J5 m6 R0 U0 \
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 i: i) Q5 X1 n r' D1 I& ] 102. Prisoners’ strike
* c( x, k- ^( ^$ i- ^( y0 j 103. Craft strike+ V" L1 B! N/ Q* S2 M! I' T
104. Professional strike
, ?3 O( h) N8 S4 r2 s; @2 x
) J: ?# B6 e! X5 zOrdinary Industrial Strikes
6 w* @2 X+ i, ^( W9 o 105. Establishment strike
1 Q% J. f" H# y& S0 Q# q; Y0 X6 } 106. Industry strike
' ]" O3 Q8 B1 L. L% P+ R* i0 }% y) v, l 107. Sympathetic strike
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% K G' F. V2 {% A1 DRestricted Strikes ^7 f9 G1 r# V( ], v2 A0 v {
108. Detailed strike0 d8 l H4 k$ d# a
109. Bumper strike
* v, a9 Q6 X6 B8 ^) U( @ 110. Slowdown strike
. a$ z7 J1 u2 W) u3 d1 A 111. Working-to-rule strike7 g1 c4 Z5 d7 H4 ]
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
L3 j& e/ o: B 113. Strike by resignation+ o* c' g6 s, ]. H; r
114. Limited strike
2 S7 K! e, E2 ]6 \$ m 115. Selective strike
, t, Q+ S2 V u
2 P9 Z1 ~6 e# C/ p" N, }; e# wMulti-Industry Strikes
" A9 x( F$ k- w" U, F( ?+ U# b5 a
! x7 B1 ^9 G/ l: D2 p 116. Generalized strike0 d# {, C' v' c3 D4 P( J
, Q, y7 H+ H/ ? 117. General strike v6 n" _( ~2 \7 I# W$ s
0 x G+ @, B# i/ q+ G: i5 Y% aCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 q' F3 U% M4 p0 o% D: s/ J
! V# u z; \7 h3 U' Z, U3 p7 I 118. Hartal2 q$ w' Z8 K9 e7 C% y8 j
# O) i; a- ]# U9 @ 119. Economic shutdown
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" h- m. ?- J& b, T. `% pTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 u& a8 v+ J. q8 X7 d
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Rejection of Authority
/ z/ i$ B/ \ M- T 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance3 U4 z/ {) n9 K8 T- _
121. Refusal of public support' S. @$ a# } |+ f) S d
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: L" l5 N7 _. M) t7 w4 T0 D0 I/ l. j. c. x( C1 q7 f
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government. N1 B' ]( v5 l0 z3 d" y) E. `
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' s. m+ X: e& h 124. Boycott of elections# y) g8 [) z% |5 \# K# m
125. Boycott of government employment and positions" O1 P5 l5 R( E! [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
P) {3 E4 Z5 o9 c 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions$ o' k% ]: \6 D1 {+ ~% ^* R: ~
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
# r: m+ V+ ]0 o/ @" j% K: Y 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 d& P4 L0 `% M( C( I6 L- x0 ^ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" N0 m$ E: _1 z1 U/ e0 B( K 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, W }5 d, T6 t* ^ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 g" ?: L' u4 d+ J$ I7 p5 I8 U: i+ i5 h' R; t
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 u' z+ t0 H( r# @ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& N- R" k: K* l: x! E& ]8 k9 v( K+ F 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, o4 }! O7 V( |
135. Popular nonobedience& S9 B; J- ?8 |4 X
136. Disguised disobedience( U' N0 r# H1 ]9 _% ]7 `
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ G4 ?" S1 E9 Q8 O
138. Sitdown- d- U0 T1 D6 }! q+ f/ n
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- p8 q) m/ n7 d- ~ Z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& l1 v( D6 W# O: A( Q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) J3 X& F# B) `1 H' h1 N t/ r
; o- @- ^8 \. c- vAction by Government Personnel
& B9 j9 g$ N: r" K: W& X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 `. t# S- ]7 H* X" j! A2 ] 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 F; s `2 a8 b+ k 144. Stalling and obstruction5 X# [# d' Y& T$ T
145. General administrative noncooperation
% s+ D' g2 W" z+ N1 o/ i- b: T0 F- F6 \$ d: O+ x: h
146. Judicial noncooperation S% N, x1 F7 {( l0 ~
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents. S* Q3 i. y9 A; c! B3 g
148. Mutiny
4 z K, O( B7 a: c( L3 uDomestic Governmental Action- L5 r' F( |3 @
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ f2 G: H: R* |' F8 s, i9 c
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. @. r% A* r3 x5 d' u
$ |6 p( K2 {$ n; C# s6 O/ WInternational Governmental Action
: a0 |( D1 T' |) }# e0 R# F 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 C/ O8 k4 Y/ @! }7 s7 _ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 V$ f q, C' v; Q8 L4 O" T, [
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; A- ^% R( ]) Q8 R8 H9 e 154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 f8 [3 j' Z+ g7 F/ f+ p7 e
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. T! F) k: ^( E( e; @8 l 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( w5 L0 H- c/ O* z 157. Expulsion from international organizations# K" D! D. w& c
K' F0 j h7 A3 K6 \2 Y
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% I3 m8 |3 F! J) G8 D. `THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' C# s6 ]: b$ y2 K1 G% B
1 c% m' C. X y' P; X
$ h6 u# F% \0 O9 }7 t1 P9 a) S# i4 C0 DPsychological Intervention& g) o; l1 J6 c @2 \
158. Self-exposure to the elements9 L6 r% K# F9 G( v- `4 c
159. The fast
# Z+ V" N5 k" G' D a) Fast of moral pressure
) m; ]- b0 X3 U) S& U2 H2 b+ S9 p b) Hunger strike L* m2 e4 h+ _" R+ u6 W$ r" \
c) Satyagrahic fast
. F! a: ?( T; R! o 160. Reverse trial
/ ?- \, X" ^0 W, l K 161. Nonviolent harassment
: U2 ?/ C7 g/ k* J
4 o( C7 R% ?: \9 D' oPhysical Intervention
& c- a0 R1 m/ @9 L& |9 p* ]/ s 162. Sit-in7 P. J% h; h1 Z! F& S$ m
163. Stand-in$ S5 b* b9 P- V6 l
164. Ride-in& D. |+ ~" g( M$ i8 Y
165. Wade-in; b! V0 h5 I. R! y
166. Mill-in# r& E3 u) D8 }
167. Pray-in
. F6 y: o3 M/ [- a: t( Q 168. Nonviolent raids
2 Y! D; R/ a" S! Q! ] 169. Nonviolent air raids
' T/ I3 h9 B% w* z" L 170. Nonviolent invasion# b) s$ X9 h: b/ j+ M {( l0 _
171. Nonviolent interjection
/ n7 |% j! `$ }! L6 H+ D2 f 172. Nonviolent obstruction: k* O" w! T* R4 D2 {
173. Nonviolent occupation/ t4 q$ b8 J% W( D# Z
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Social Intervention. m: N! X' n2 g
174. Establishing new social patterns
; `* U! ?+ k Z- k- E 175. Overloading of facilities
1 @4 `- l4 X1 l/ U4 D5 D( m 176. Stall-in3 z* Q6 i6 B3 g8 G* @/ l
177. Speak-in
5 [- B0 A( K/ e% T' h6 ]7 l$ e% V5 i 178. Guerrilla theater! n) T& `& u7 @3 V7 O2 R
179. Alternative social institutions
" N: n4 I2 G e5 i5 i0 P 180. Alternative communication system
?# x/ ^! k# o* o
) }" ^' Q1 ~& [( L/ X0 PEconomic Intervention' e. |9 v% J/ K3 i6 a
181. Reverse strike% j. Z: f8 q, \. A* ?
182. Stay-in strike
* }, [% \. \. ]) D7 n+ F4 C t9 Z; b 183. Nonviolent land seizure4 B. m3 Q1 {: x
184. Defiance of blockades; X' T4 v9 Z. \& c* A/ p# u) I
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting) S) ^3 }6 u. Y* z5 ^ T- w
186. Preclusive purchasing
" h( A- B1 l7 c2 {) c 187. Seizure of assets' ^: c8 H% F& L. H( i3 Z
188. Dumping
1 M' m. q( y3 [0 l D: q; B 189. Selective patronage
/ f, V4 M" V# R& D/ w, k 190. Alternative markets
# o; x& j$ e- C' T4 G 191. Alternative transportation systems/ \1 U+ I$ C$ r* c3 ?
192. Alternative economic institutions; J; V9 i- A% [: r
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Political Intervention+ [* u3 j( M3 Y: Y4 c+ X- P3 f
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 \: x) ^5 k$ w: b# `
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 e' x- ]+ d8 x8 Y
195. Seeking imprisonment
0 ?, \: Z2 \0 X0 g- ?$ T0 K 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ d3 {( r& W' K
197. Work-on without collaboration
. G. Z3 F$ D. A* i1 C9 ~. ?' `% E2 U 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* _2 S! _- M! I# I$ f& }0 F) G
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
