 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. g7 b. z9 H$ q
Formal Statements$ F _9 i' U( s" Y T% H2 _
1. Public Speeches4 \1 B+ _1 A; t
2. Letters of opposition or support! L% h6 f7 s; H5 l
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" n$ |1 e+ n% m# S3 H% R n1 J 4. Signed public statements# `/ f$ P4 Y. A# W
5. Declarations of indictment and intention$ X3 }$ t' ^0 n
6. Group or mass petitions7 h" M' ^( T/ D
4 @' U4 y; Y% {Communications with a Wider Audience7 r* |7 ^" p2 [( G, \* F M- O
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 O* X0 ?- u( }6 }9 w 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ h* A& A) s/ e, a2 M
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! U& D- x! Z, k0 X1 u9 H v; R: T+ Z 10. Newspapers and journals
" z6 U5 F7 \+ e) S& z; ^7 {/ {, @" w 11. Records, radio, and television; z, W+ B6 k$ a: t# v* }
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 ^3 G' A& |) L d0 F; A; q
/ L( q" x/ G1 n. vGroup Representations z, q" Z% r' J, O2 A# Z! Z
13. Deputations
% c1 {# z# d- @' `8 `$ _+ r! K 14. Mock awards9 b( q$ O2 T* M
15. Group lobbying3 W: z9 _7 U) f+ g! Q/ G! A5 [6 h o
16. Picketing
. A. G8 Z) c y$ K9 f8 K# X; l 17. Mock elections1 }% h! {, Q2 m) R. K' w
) u+ h" `4 u4 n! x7 [1 l
Symbolic Public Acts [! D$ Z$ a+ f: \! Y% E
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 A# C6 r& a8 F v1 Q0 L, X% X/ W
19. Wearing of symbols
( w: X$ ?" x9 K! I 20. Prayer and worship
0 {) N3 F" [- i5 ` 21. Delivering symbolic objects
* I2 d3 n/ @( {3 T 22. Protest disrobings
2 `- w; h9 T2 Z: E7 [% B 23. Destruction of own property
0 r4 D* r* r8 V8 t" Z: O+ G 24. Symbolic lights/ \- q; v( [3 w0 r H$ @ \
25. Displays of portraits% O, C* Q3 E* b+ D
26. Paint as protest& @( X3 f6 ^: A$ w# p* c# k& X
27. New signs and names% e9 k" P7 ^) g1 A: A+ I: R+ b
28. Symbolic sounds2 g/ k: z4 [; F' z6 ?. U
29. Symbolic reclamations6 l6 M, R& ], o o4 O9 @2 s
30. Rude gestures! _+ X) p4 O7 ~& g5 z
1 z/ d2 i3 v5 m+ \. E0 j
Pressures on Individuals/ ?7 W' \* ~ [6 F
31. “Haunting” officials' R# f" f* ]- G, l
32. Taunting officials
R( o0 j; ?1 {3 I# u) Q 33. Fraternization
0 ^- {& W: G4 ^# b) s1 h' ^& s 34. Vigils
, n/ W9 z/ G7 V: S- k0 p3 X. n! {% D% E( t( T
Drama and Music, x+ ]2 _% `! P" T% i
35. Humorous skits and pranks0 o$ Q# m; ?: B7 g& g' u7 r
36. Performances of plays and music
" p# q. U0 x5 u5 @ 37. Singing Q7 O3 B. i! H# z" Z2 _
4 ?; {5 l5 J6 ]+ bProcessions
$ N5 A$ \5 }9 O* @( H* `: g 38. Marches/ s/ z; F" x7 T1 L
39. Parades
( \# C7 r2 x% F" Z, ^1 y 40. Religious processions
- ?8 j' X0 |$ F1 S$ Y3 P( i 41. Pilgrimages
9 A" n7 N# [5 ^1 |4 ]) f' S) Q1 x9 Z 42. Motorcades
& W' v. }- D5 m+ J
# k0 a& V& K& \5 |- K eHonoring the Dead9 O* n9 k' B( X6 p: J+ [
43. Political mourning( D3 J& U9 [/ {) p1 Q0 k
44. Mock funerals
: u: x4 @2 ~% e* K1 _9 d4 c 45. Demonstrative funerals
y# S0 @0 q7 a/ a5 d 46. Homage at burial places {2 `% @# x+ i. ]
7 P: [: E+ [ |( _0 M5 jPublic Assemblies
; l! y: j4 I% e: d( T 47. Assemblies of protest or support, s+ s8 v* _# `0 N+ p) e
48. Protest meetings" [$ _% Z# A5 g% |9 ~9 J* ^
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 A; @: o7 h6 J) L& ^. ^
50. Teach-ins
" o: h& K+ u) e( ] ?$ a9 e
) q6 D$ j$ c+ AWithdrawal and Renunciation- R1 U+ i. \) W
51. Walk-outs5 R6 W! r8 H1 I$ v2 u! r
52. Silence. x& }+ \0 }# @" `
53. Renouncing honors
7 i4 X2 j9 M3 I4 M 54. Turning one’s back& ` K( h& y8 J- l. D, @
8 J6 e7 N) ~) {! A
2 p B4 \5 K( w+ V& }+ j4 z! ^+ Q) M# { b
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 R; @; i, y3 o, O+ W, Q, W4 n! K9 `
2 x3 X! \% |6 E$ q
5 v3 R/ u% ?# g& w5 K( a- U+ m( r7 _' v, G0 q. N
Ostracism of Persons1 W- @0 M& U& q8 G
55. Social boycott7 |- I. F' n; |; \
56. Selective social boycott) Q! t" k) c6 ?. m" d5 \
57. Lysistratic nonaction9 Q# u& e& V) V- `1 F0 t
58. Excommunication: w: E- Y5 f4 c$ i& h/ u
59. Interdict) n' l( u: f) ]' p/ U
1 R6 `5 A# r U' wNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, i7 X5 @) H& q* E, g/ {+ A+ J% m
60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 r. I* m: h5 G; g
61. Boycott of social affairs+ h* g0 J4 K4 N& q. e5 w) a' N
62. Student strike5 q' q5 j7 e. s6 i; Y
63. Social disobedience( J; Q! y1 G6 d% s2 m5 Z. @
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
: g9 y f7 r$ y! `" I& `
4 o# e4 k, ?$ `# U; E5 [Withdrawal from the Social System4 f. r5 k# d* v7 O
65. Stay-at-home. ]7 U0 S0 X0 m. k; U
66. Total personal noncooperation9 ]1 {/ H$ G! C. D. N4 l
67. “Flight” of workers2 a- L" L# D$ }& F% z9 q
68. Sanctuary
/ z% H. `( X% e4 D1 [0 v" W) P 69. Collective disappearance
% O+ _0 b: A2 Q- \8 A, F 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
( x0 `4 q% L: J9 X9 _ G, S5 H% A! ]4 |; e
! N3 l) t2 v+ L" E3 k. ^9 n+ g8 G
" g9 C7 U* E: C/ {7 gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* D1 X6 f: M& o. o: B6 t5 _. U4 u% {- ^2 n1 b# q% ]+ \
8 R9 i9 N, j0 g$ o( g& _2 oActions by Consumers$ M" \, `) e) l: L
71. Consumers’ boycott
* }$ b V+ |( L2 V( L 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ j( B7 b, [" G' Y
73. Policy of austerity
) z2 H6 o6 J+ ]/ A h2 X 74. Rent withholding
! a+ B5 u' g/ t9 q 75. Refusal to rent
+ R9 p7 R% v1 p( l& T6 P) |. `8 n 76. National consumers’ boycott
$ z- w% L$ [' I; B9 Y7 O; p 77. International consumers’ boycott& y& H# G: @' p2 }$ I4 G, O
4 l( i6 k- x+ p% S. BAction by Workers and Producers
, \- Y3 T5 R$ |7 y$ b0 F0 l% u9 z 78. Workmen’s boycott
; y/ v# S" `- R ^! U) S1 N9 u 79. Producers’ boycott
( ^3 J9 N8 G% ^6 R! M
7 y2 V' R, k# X8 e: I2 XAction by Middlemen
/ P# J6 d3 E ]" X' T$ x/ }( j 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott. \% b" ^' p" V: o0 \& Z) R9 A ?
" q- K0 Y* i- B4 G2 {1 Z1 o. BAction by Owners and Management8 k1 F4 b" k, D7 w
81. Traders’ boycott
+ a+ x+ j3 M& S 82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 \# E' s$ E( @# X" z) r 83. Lockout
$ ~# y/ K$ @( j3 A7 ~ T 84. Refusal of industrial assistance `2 {# c# t+ ]% }! |5 P4 u9 L
85. Merchants’ “general strike”& ]0 G2 Q4 y+ V
( S) T A: u y3 c- |0 Y
Action by Holders of Financial Resources, X' U% \( M6 D+ H) U
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, J+ e% r9 Z& W3 k ?6 U
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) v; ~ a6 E! F 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( |5 J3 A$ P+ e( H 89. Severance of funds and credit& v W; ~; k) j- X
90. Revenue refusal: W% Q: \/ u# \$ g* ~
91. Refusal of a government’s money5 V8 a! k. c3 s$ [
) U6 M: d3 a2 z# X1 r% X
Action by Governments7 [5 U7 E9 L u" q- V3 W- P! @5 m
92. Domestic embargo; f! v/ L3 f2 j( L! Z: x9 A
93. Blacklisting of traders
% r4 _. U, C) F 94. International sellers’ embargo5 L( A1 ]$ s3 V2 g' y
95. International buyers’ embargo
b$ z: g4 X% V& \( A8 C& S 96. International trade embargo+ h) P1 Q' j' |
. k* N0 J9 L* Y. X! \
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: K8 ^* d6 f" J2 a1 lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
) {3 V# M. T8 O: o2 \" u7 Y/ y' S
; i4 g& s h. ]2 D7 `" |
Symbolic Strikes
$ B# I+ t9 @" ^/ Y5 b: g 97. Protest strike1 Z# Z, z9 S! N) G
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 T, b9 e9 \% a5 h" ~' u* ~# D; _2 e: u) C$ F
Agricultural Strikes
3 u5 I8 Z& K' ~0 _ 99. Peasant strike
. S: s5 T9 y4 e# V; L 100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 H, V$ Y ?$ E# L) D" X
K: X% R7 a$ O1 O/ r AStrikes by Special Groups* y4 U; b4 b5 s6 m$ ]
101. Refusal of impressed labor y6 A9 |1 `3 F& k: f& d
102. Prisoners’ strike) ~" G% r' y! L" `: `6 \+ Q% d
103. Craft strike/ v& T3 T& {/ r) B+ A, _( ~/ e$ \3 ~: C
104. Professional strike
h" J7 `% z$ J+ p$ w
4 c$ m' [% r$ C, p( l" iOrdinary Industrial Strikes8 a, l; H1 e, c
105. Establishment strike
" s' C: n% k+ l$ t9 } 106. Industry strike) p1 D3 e" I# O4 h# q6 h
107. Sympathetic strike
1 ?! k; c: a5 G4 r0 F* i+ t. y+ |4 V
Restricted Strikes9 L7 d, L- O9 G& r# l
108. Detailed strike% |& E$ ?1 @& _! w
109. Bumper strike
) t* m/ e7 {' Z1 H) k. g. P2 O' d 110. Slowdown strike. A3 d7 _% `' a" H0 P. b2 C, H
111. Working-to-rule strike4 [0 P$ r# z4 K6 s; u4 g' A: L6 u
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% _! E d: P8 N, u+ W 113. Strike by resignation- c# z$ }* Q7 b/ k$ _
114. Limited strike
" t% g5 O7 Q2 ?% v 115. Selective strike
% A3 {+ N. j1 t- K* j( x) w: V9 T. ^& P# D
Multi-Industry Strikes) e% V2 p9 S7 D. N8 Y7 M
6 R! O7 Y' W$ q& N 116. Generalized strike
8 b ^& M. x+ D
\* x {. ]/ r& L8 X& f5 Z 117. General strike
( M( Z; W1 K- \: d# d* j8 s! @0 X, t( V* f# N1 K! l, n8 ^4 E0 i
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures F, V s5 G9 B2 X P- Q) ?/ K
5 r; |/ e/ m% u& x* L 118. Hartal' K, G! j$ O2 p' A* L& f
( l0 M! N! N0 S- N- }: N4 k: o2 i 119. Economic shutdown
; f* {( y2 R. G0 C9 I: u0 Y! ]: _& H' a0 Y
. @8 T( b: d# s$ T/ j, ` s
5 P4 Q1 k+ K! z8 K3 VTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 X! ]2 x0 w/ U4 n1 v$ A! c
Rejection of Authority
+ n! _0 I3 E/ j 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- R8 {' L( a+ p1 F" [
121. Refusal of public support( K+ \# Q" o6 s+ H. y5 H
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 d5 |9 M- e: `' Y, [! ~/ ~5 o
5 P0 Y9 |/ Q$ A7 C: y* ~6 O) V5 TCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 Y, b, e$ { X8 Q+ @2 M* O3 S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies- A9 w1 K. k( U# f/ i% {& k
124. Boycott of elections" @0 B& u& ]8 r$ o
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 T) ` ~ v {$ @ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( p" R( D% e* J! _. W& R 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% ]3 s# Z& u3 _! N: ~' y1 O
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ {0 Y) b3 ^8 g 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. ^* K, T" g6 C' H# i6 Y5 V 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 }9 y) M$ Q, [5 u8 L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) R# Z* {6 M1 z. G7 z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& F" H* ~' k; U0 @+ W* f
# H$ ?9 [: K, [" r7 c( PCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience- C/ p1 U$ U2 _9 w4 n
133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 A H# e/ \ u0 r3 ?6 P# T
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( U, ]' w. N% ^6 |$ o3 n: H" s; f 135. Popular nonobedience9 V7 W, z2 e" z( l/ H: O
136. Disguised disobedience
+ \( b7 A- k' D% e, } 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 g8 h% D7 I0 E" C; h+ E 138. Sitdown
: v* T3 k0 K% k. b* a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ R' L3 I# x, @' }- y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' @ u+ S5 K$ R9 y9 \5 o& Z4 V
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
7 a/ Z8 I' ?% n' e3 ~' ]
3 B% h# {) c ?+ `9 MAction by Government Personnel
1 f+ ?, g! \1 X1 d9 `7 _ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 W1 b, l) G- p* z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information) d" K) d1 v! V5 U V
144. Stalling and obstruction
, Z: _3 x( n. y 145. General administrative noncooperation
# C) E4 l4 t; E- Q h Z
8 ^; H* T% m4 J( b- ]2 R 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ E+ ^7 G: A& q: P# W& E8 d" ]' G Y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ G2 U3 @' R" \5 } [2 y" S ~ 148. Mutiny
) {$ ?$ w$ j" k3 j" E* kDomestic Governmental Action
) K) P# }, B/ S6 e D" w) Y3 T 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ t) K, I7 q% X6 k5 G 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# \9 H% U) m$ E4 D
+ P0 D/ l$ E4 Z6 Z! V, f
International Governmental Action5 w- e+ U+ m6 _
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) o% C7 Y, V& d* B b 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( Z4 |" z& M% N) b 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
% ^3 x, r0 w% Q: v$ C2 T 154. Severance of diplomatic relations2 j+ {5 ~0 y% m9 M! x- J9 }
155. Withdrawal from international organizations( k2 m" i+ Z5 a, \8 K, R/ }
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! i, ^$ g; {9 T2 r N 157. Expulsion from international organizations* @( q- B( H; b- f8 T0 s+ P
2 P5 B0 A! N% J% e M" ~ ; F) O6 q- K) x2 \; V3 ~4 @
% @. ~) R D. g- P9 ?' d5 y! d, \
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. }! r" T# E; e5 B8 u1 O9 H/ h
# Q/ G6 {# G) u2 l$ k# u
& t, }5 i; Z: gPsychological Intervention: q; c, O2 T# H- |7 x3 i# I f
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 e+ U3 i2 n2 S3 ]! G 159. The fast
# }) b7 F$ `) M2 R5 q a) Fast of moral pressure
0 @( W2 C i# Z b) Hunger strike/ l' f( a- C) I; @% Q
c) Satyagrahic fast
/ b/ [, x! Q0 c5 H' R) a 160. Reverse trial
: }% s' V! g" E3 {# _ 161. Nonviolent harassment p/ t9 z. ]% ~2 Y/ n! ^5 F) v3 [
4 K$ \; I" \8 z& @# y) V/ w+ dPhysical Intervention
; c2 g# T: E% m1 M8 ^ 162. Sit-in
$ f; _% w$ ^( H6 m/ r! B7 ] 163. Stand-in7 U8 c, X$ S" P9 B& A
164. Ride-in
0 I4 w @' P; ?; N# S9 [$ d 165. Wade-in
/ D" |$ I+ n$ L/ @# F, G/ F+ i 166. Mill-in
9 q0 }* x' J( Z) I2 H6 A7 ~ 167. Pray-in! ~) M3 W5 C& Z* j7 N$ \
168. Nonviolent raids
4 z5 g+ Y% Y3 D/ I" N 169. Nonviolent air raids& p P- [+ [* D, F
170. Nonviolent invasion
. [ K- x1 E& p' ~; n9 w 171. Nonviolent interjection' t6 M1 w, H. j& _7 P# k7 t! g
172. Nonviolent obstruction
+ H2 B& m7 d* E 173. Nonviolent occupation. e) W. Z8 W# d! E* u9 P
2 a4 L5 x' h: Y) T# w9 M
Social Intervention
6 u, Z7 ~$ }6 H. p3 w2 o 174. Establishing new social patterns4 E1 T2 J! { d3 o& l
175. Overloading of facilities- @( t. V: Z, X/ x3 U
176. Stall-in/ N, h; P+ q- I0 z* g
177. Speak-in
8 r4 Q$ g1 c( Q l, z 178. Guerrilla theater
# I' H6 _' G+ `" ^ F- Z; m 179. Alternative social institutions
7 S& k$ A' |4 ]! c& w* [ 180. Alternative communication system- K7 D, a9 ]+ i- a
9 v9 _2 L8 W" w' q, W; |Economic Intervention7 E! W0 h- J9 Z& C
181. Reverse strike
- b9 o9 d$ S. H, Z; O0 Z: \( ~, x 182. Stay-in strike
9 P( u& h/ A( l l: v) D 183. Nonviolent land seizure# p4 V1 H) j @9 L0 v- N- q, R) \
184. Defiance of blockades2 j b0 Q J2 O
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) S, b# J" O% X. T% C( r' P3 p 186. Preclusive purchasing
" {6 z3 L& @! v 187. Seizure of assets8 d6 p8 w/ Y8 _7 E% s: d
188. Dumping
8 S6 E D# _4 V- f3 A0 H4 p/ r 189. Selective patronage
7 X; C* j% \# u: v 190. Alternative markets
R9 A5 w$ U0 c 191. Alternative transportation systems$ n; t; y5 _ S+ k1 F' C: `# N
192. Alternative economic institutions' u7 j7 o% R9 q+ t4 H& d
0 G) A( F% F0 _4 sPolitical Intervention, n3 u% |! K7 s# u
193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ M$ I1 K- j v; U w 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! e* u* {" f5 g& o
195. Seeking imprisonment+ u8 u* x* Q5 V+ F) w! j' j B8 N$ |
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
/ U5 \* V, h& x$ T/ C 197. Work-on without collaboration Z1 v; \" Z. h0 {8 S
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* _2 ?0 [' v1 K
5 M" k3 M: J7 l" q& Z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
