 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* M9 ^4 f7 z: Q& hFormal Statements" b; o2 {/ `7 Y( s' I6 [. j
1. Public Speeches
n" M$ S0 v- M 2. Letters of opposition or support) C" _( B- w& T+ h% E4 j. N
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions r% F3 C# b# O3 [5 H
4. Signed public statements# z5 q1 q3 X0 R
5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 |7 L0 L' j* K& g O$ F \1 a
6. Group or mass petitions. u' ^$ H- y; ?# F4 Y# F1 k" L* S
. _+ w, Z1 A0 G' R/ i$ N2 X& f' C
Communications with a Wider Audience4 ^" _$ ~2 P! l8 V
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% C* G# U7 \3 T( t
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# Z" h! t5 F% a% ` U1 b* j5 ^* q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* T4 J% o/ Z3 \9 L 10. Newspapers and journals8 s5 a+ m( m8 I/ f& b' ~7 g0 o$ ?
11. Records, radio, and television
' i4 J6 H4 N) t6 q/ y! @+ e" T" T 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 a( y5 T+ U" T
/ C- s! e3 b. n! ^8 Y* AGroup Representations% u6 C) Y# d- X" Y8 `! {
13. Deputations
% e, ?1 L) u7 i, s 14. Mock awards
; D3 N2 g7 n/ W$ G1 d 15. Group lobbying
/ N8 q |% I6 B2 O' J: h7 Z 16. Picketing
7 P- t( o r7 ^$ [0 \2 n' \ 17. Mock elections- b" W) T8 f7 W' @
- j$ v2 N' _& o ^Symbolic Public Acts
! z! `) e0 H& b7 c" t 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 h @3 H' F: E+ O 19. Wearing of symbols; v0 [ b6 m" _& L+ {, g
20. Prayer and worship/ y/ W3 d( s: |) D8 y8 z i
21. Delivering symbolic objects
# e r! K6 v) Q1 L2 `3 O6 v$ J 22. Protest disrobings( o* r3 _9 B2 v
23. Destruction of own property$ r/ u. V0 G! a: d# p, m
24. Symbolic lights
# M7 ~: h$ [* J7 F/ f0 U9 X, i6 c 25. Displays of portraits
7 G0 X9 l) i' S. x/ Q: G 26. Paint as protest! s0 @5 B6 B. S; {- E i
27. New signs and names- h& K2 m3 y& c% J
28. Symbolic sounds
: f/ J% n! Y0 u 29. Symbolic reclamations
) ] E0 O" ^, h1 l: f8 H) I" d 30. Rude gestures# P; C0 t T% Z: k$ u
k9 G$ K. F4 D4 M
Pressures on Individuals
& H: j3 D2 Z6 |4 `% t5 k/ R3 { 31. “Haunting” officials
; e& ]+ b" e6 t( k+ X2 K+ g2 h 32. Taunting officials
' [* q( i8 v2 R, L/ f( B 33. Fraternization' S- d& i$ U/ F( @( F
34. Vigils- n2 C% t, W B
" A6 Y; r( t/ N) @
Drama and Music8 E$ l; R# [' c: |+ e
35. Humorous skits and pranks
Q3 Y9 L, ]' k9 L9 v( ]3 S 36. Performances of plays and music
6 r; ]# D6 Q9 ^4 U/ C; M 37. Singing
8 _) D/ V; g4 }9 m7 Z/ R9 ~% `: Y$ s- U! R
Processions
/ g$ y8 c- o" S. f 38. Marches
- ~2 w7 i0 D' M# [" B- q$ D 39. Parades l; C1 Q; C6 Y0 U9 h7 j% I
40. Religious processions
0 z D9 M' |4 P& E- z& r2 Y 41. Pilgrimages
' |. Q0 c9 ~" w- a; r 42. Motorcades! I9 a6 U" E2 Q* V; k
- O7 y# J1 S: SHonoring the Dead8 @8 d# T2 C# X5 F/ d. S1 k" O
43. Political mourning) B# _1 \& \ g" T7 [: C% f" g' c
44. Mock funerals
$ U5 I, `; c9 {2 }& H. p) H' h9 { 45. Demonstrative funerals
& H3 ~6 h' [7 E1 C) s1 r 46. Homage at burial places
% {2 ~. T* P) F, m, S) k/ ^6 |: _% s) N! q
Public Assemblies- Q) e4 D" c5 C8 G p# c! }$ j) t
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 B2 U" K& L% {! `2 h$ d* H- U. | 48. Protest meetings) H2 t% {) f5 X' a; {# D9 _. |# A
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ Y N3 p+ v+ @
50. Teach-ins
/ F' ]6 r& X3 t! z( j/ E
, x% |1 y2 m6 A& \5 x- D! R8 KWithdrawal and Renunciation
2 h/ G M4 \+ c2 A& c" I: G) K% Q 51. Walk-outs
9 }9 M! P8 C* P. ~7 _ 52. Silence
) P8 J% S7 ^% C/ x; y 53. Renouncing honors
; r) V: v# e4 o( j 54. Turning one’s back. z! }; d/ C& m9 Y2 W
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m* S& z* C W. v. {" x+ c
% |0 }9 N* u$ }4 c. a6 STHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
3 I; I1 O$ a6 B: h7 c
2 n$ Y$ Z4 Y1 C, L" D
- g0 w0 v+ j: A9 ^- }; B9 V
$ V9 h; L' S6 e+ W- \( v! G) bOstracism of Persons
3 j0 K2 T8 Z" y. m, h 55. Social boycott
0 H+ a/ N- Q6 ?& R% k 56. Selective social boycott9 s6 `# P8 x3 r- ]8 v- {4 y
57. Lysistratic nonaction
: i9 u1 a8 N2 o2 J6 Z, u& R 58. Excommunication5 G9 Q5 K7 F8 ]+ P6 ?6 V7 t# {3 y
59. Interdict* m+ r: T+ f5 k, s
/ H5 O b. n7 }$ P4 }/ N
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) x0 `4 _6 Z9 C0 a' E/ y; x8 s
60. Suspension of social and sports activities& c! {+ ]5 I& X4 G' V
61. Boycott of social affairs6 ^- S7 b- d( [! `; |5 ]% z+ p. q
62. Student strike
% N) j0 L, |- p7 o 63. Social disobedience
$ m: I4 U' e3 e& g3 \ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ \5 G* Z1 t5 h& a6 N
% P2 l+ A8 }3 w$ `! j P# NWithdrawal from the Social System
9 p/ ^: b! l$ ^) w+ J1 F7 n% a 65. Stay-at-home5 E. B$ B& i1 U8 B
66. Total personal noncooperation
+ J/ z+ z& q4 B; ~1 @6 D5 K. x ` 67. “Flight” of workers
1 ?9 `: _7 @5 \ 68. Sanctuary
1 Z# H7 {$ n$ ?3 w+ z' s% J# s- ?0 f 69. Collective disappearance
7 u2 L- N( I9 g5 ?. G! p 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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O7 j( M2 s, V2 _* b0 x2 m1 y v, ~. u- ^1 ]
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
$ |! @+ I# h" s& C& x/ `# v! R Q6 f) z2 a: d
$ K0 t+ u' l7 J# ^' K5 DActions by Consumers
5 @& V( n9 L2 \( F {% S* k+ H i 71. Consumers’ boycott
" \( F+ c# r% a2 C0 z( i2 r6 q3 C+ v 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ a5 {% k( F' ~ 73. Policy of austerity m- E/ ~) H4 [" C/ r
74. Rent withholding: P) w& e0 i" i+ m
75. Refusal to rent
/ R8 }6 V2 w) s6 F# |6 j& W2 ` 76. National consumers’ boycott8 [+ r7 T0 p& O# l! x5 i, v" i
77. International consumers’ boycott5 ]( P4 X8 _6 i% ^$ P
F& x+ w( ?2 iAction by Workers and Producers" X3 d2 H1 Y& q3 v( I
78. Workmen’s boycott9 e6 i9 W5 n- @
79. Producers’ boycott
, d) ^. [8 T1 n2 H0 j/ A, r7 \) ^
8 o2 b" \" Y. g- G$ PAction by Middlemen
! n- y. s9 @7 ], G. @& Y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( w( M7 L+ {* a
" V: y3 m% ]1 a# E- j9 O) h% [
Action by Owners and Management& v# r2 C: x2 I
81. Traders’ boycott' \$ S0 g2 B. `( |) \: Y( K
82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 O% Z+ }' q6 @ 83. Lockout- ]3 v! J7 p* [( F7 e
84. Refusal of industrial assistance; d' Y, i# l/ ]8 H8 |+ m
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 o- M+ r1 \, v1 o7 x! Z6 z4 e) C: @6 e6 j
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
2 B/ m+ e: w% A" {0 l# t 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" H, z# ^/ G5 K U8 b: z. X
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; }# k8 `7 m4 h8 \$ }, j 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest% n! A1 m' l- S: m* f1 \# E
89. Severance of funds and credit2 p2 Q9 U& J+ \. [" X
90. Revenue refusal/ }: R$ D! y! S2 @1 N# s- F
91. Refusal of a government’s money* A: ?: h% z/ i; T8 [1 f$ \3 f- U7 P
, q- W+ g1 X, a' V* J; J% ^
Action by Governments
+ C2 h- A7 m) U$ ]0 T- i, M 92. Domestic embargo- W w% e- q+ i6 h8 f3 B
93. Blacklisting of traders
5 M& Z+ R6 C0 B( E3 i' L' C. p 94. International sellers’ embargo g8 \3 Q& k" _& e; a s
95. International buyers’ embargo
, c4 h+ d) ?" c6 {% Q2 L 96. International trade embargo
: j1 Q9 q- p, L" _; b$ F& [" V) w* g ?4 @. `7 q5 u: t
6 U5 H l* E" m8 u9 z8 d
0 x9 e& O9 U: [0 ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 r* L* \; n! |$ R' P' R4 q
, v9 T& e/ J' ]2 f. J+ C9 c . u' F8 f. g- O# m7 @8 N
Symbolic Strikes8 S7 Y3 b2 i5 t! F( }3 [6 D
97. Protest strike/ u+ H* S: Y+ E+ X/ A
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- {6 w8 k' W9 \6 i
0 V/ U# v- D* w: ]/ _Agricultural Strikes" ~; n" K8 d I
99. Peasant strike
2 g) P3 I z, Q# w7 g 100. Farm Workers’ strike
- \6 X8 f3 d$ N. P8 S$ \
( f( l+ q% M- a" Y# i4 d- o4 [8 dStrikes by Special Groups
- O/ k$ M* b2 k/ A4 V# o, {& ~ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
* _2 H: W2 V' k& h2 p7 U 102. Prisoners’ strike
/ T5 I& O% q0 y* _5 N 103. Craft strike# D0 Q, M5 o! U! {
104. Professional strike
2 z7 R9 W5 s3 G9 |3 w" T3 J
. a) d! ~& p7 Z( t% v, SOrdinary Industrial Strikes
, y6 p1 A, ^, S1 E/ p( C& d 105. Establishment strike4 W) _' P; p2 \0 d+ H( e. H* h0 g
106. Industry strike
, h5 u5 Z& O7 B Y 107. Sympathetic strike- P( j% z, `2 s5 Y+ L# I* v
- \' B. y5 p/ F: ~2 T Q, E WRestricted Strikes
q. L( ~9 I2 ^ 108. Detailed strike
, ^( B c' J* i' i! x1 v+ B 109. Bumper strike- U* W7 {$ h5 u* _
110. Slowdown strike. ]9 w/ ?! O+ I) i- w& Y
111. Working-to-rule strike# o) X& P* c/ p1 S, n! _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 v; X1 O7 X. i 113. Strike by resignation9 s6 X' Y* O* g$ v4 z
114. Limited strike
6 ]3 \9 S" l2 {' \- W 115. Selective strike
( y( ?9 O/ [9 E* K5 S5 I
. H) B3 x9 r V1 yMulti-Industry Strikes7 c6 a! N5 P- v1 T8 ~& } n* t
. I$ j/ p+ v1 ~# o5 A' X& h' g' M
116. Generalized strike
: l- }; J8 o$ Q) j
6 ?" m' S2 A7 @ 117. General strike# ]' d5 l) K X5 l" H8 ~0 \7 {
7 w% Y0 T- p5 K/ J! _4 T
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: H& U* X: ]" E
1 ?* u" n3 l8 {; [% Y8 x 118. Hartal
- M8 N6 V4 t: ?8 j- M; C
7 w, |1 L- X+ |6 A% h 119. Economic shutdown A* L4 ]: X! A; W& B' o" F( Z
: B5 D7 E; z' f0 v8 E
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8 y0 g, z+ U- N' |# B/ M4 i! `THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ b8 K( ^# ]4 X
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' K, c! j9 f+ a' HRejection of Authority
4 y- A! C- M. F 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
\" b. e0 {9 |7 j( A# P. v% J3 ? 121. Refusal of public support9 i' ] w) g. D
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: i& \. U7 B4 S
3 ]2 x9 P& g6 w# nCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government: R5 L1 X# S$ F! |: h0 c
123. Boycott of legislative bodies% @9 U0 U# f6 C, H9 P8 ]9 l
124. Boycott of elections
: m6 c9 t* H; W: N 125. Boycott of government employment and positions% g6 T" k- @8 {% M3 k7 ? G
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, U% } w/ T* `
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: V; ~3 q+ o; M+ F. ` 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 X# R5 S7 }2 X* j. y: j; G4 z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. d6 }; O" }. T9 q* h9 m, n
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! m% e: H4 _9 A# Z/ J
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; h: @# K) O& n+ D 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# {) b" p, s5 G. U. [7 }
3 O4 `1 k0 v/ cCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 m _, V+ Q9 l/ P y& \# x 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 Q- f# a4 f9 G* }, G6 |2 S" d/ b 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* ^) h4 m) @" P- U 135. Popular nonobedience$ ~+ D* b. k4 m7 U+ F6 ~
136. Disguised disobedience8 E6 W8 d5 ^) _1 f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 y/ }) A/ w6 H9 s' U7 k 138. Sitdown6 |5 b5 z0 J+ U3 @
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% ~2 s6 w' l9 F" S* U5 T: b; V 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 X! b$ z3 [! i7 g
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 Q; z3 _' x9 j6 Q. P6 i0 w7 D
3 ^( J5 h. z/ O% B6 ]
Action by Government Personnel/ S" H1 d5 k9 i& ?3 e! A% b
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) t1 {, P5 }. }; n3 F& Z7 A
143. Blocking of lines of command and information* x5 ]/ I) i! b. j. p/ e
144. Stalling and obstruction$ X9 d8 J$ S9 `; l% ~- o$ y
145. General administrative noncooperation
$ r" p( N5 b$ _. e& [
5 X. _2 i, ? O6 u) z; _ 146. Judicial noncooperation
/ ]8 B" m- E4 ~6 ]* R 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# K5 X' @, X* N1 `, @1 x 148. Mutiny
6 @3 `* s! K, S8 ]5 SDomestic Governmental Action
5 C/ |$ x' v! p, K 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) M" u7 h1 }! c1 K) t% M
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 t6 ~6 p0 s2 A2 N6 M# z+ R, q7 x- o- I
International Governmental Action
+ i) a5 ?: B3 L! d/ U0 q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 ~. A, \% X+ x1 C9 d) U4 m$ |. W 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 N" d( l( d. M9 [$ o" l! E/ f
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' c2 h6 p8 d, S6 X 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: ^) D/ A1 S: j. T1 g+ c% k 155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 D4 U: W' g7 v" b! D- i5 x* d0 ~
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies G, R' r/ }1 A! Q
157. Expulsion from international organizations
$ _. k; [( c& @; \' ^
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p4 r' {, L; K |+ y
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. @1 X( n; n6 n
8 T3 z9 d+ } _5 m- l; q2 z
6 n2 C( v, `; a" f
Psychological Intervention2 v# I/ |# v& {8 ~2 y8 G8 y
158. Self-exposure to the elements
( S" Q/ @# V" ^7 k- o1 h- s& l- L0 F 159. The fast' k. G* Z8 X% ~ h
a) Fast of moral pressure1 P, {7 f* a$ e
b) Hunger strike
O8 ~! _# h4 K& S c) Satyagrahic fast
) M+ d+ |' R4 k0 i8 Q 160. Reverse trial
. w; ~1 d- f9 K# R* k. u 161. Nonviolent harassment
6 j; n& ]" \: Y+ d: v8 r9 |2 L ^9 ~, q9 @0 o! l3 Z
Physical Intervention
5 i# o' m2 t* }; d 162. Sit-in
' C2 }& q1 a3 M( L' ` 163. Stand-in% K* U; A! }! @4 ^7 b& M( ]4 F
164. Ride-in
5 Z; p/ i" N) A. ?3 p5 f 165. Wade-in
" p$ @0 r/ a0 U; h 166. Mill-in' x+ I# L' T9 Y$ N% n) I
167. Pray-in
1 \ M. W' ~$ z$ B, J' j4 t 168. Nonviolent raids
# o' ?, }( Z/ k _7 V3 f3 @# y0 i' d0 n 169. Nonviolent air raids
1 P: e% t' J# @4 F1 S* @+ `+ q 170. Nonviolent invasion
4 D7 k( o6 H. U3 p- s 171. Nonviolent interjection1 w8 y" ~( k* ]7 ^
172. Nonviolent obstruction
# |: u7 ?/ b8 y, _8 x6 ^2 p J5 D2 ` 173. Nonviolent occupation0 }* W2 y8 o6 I) r
" s" U/ `$ m& c# MSocial Intervention
/ a2 V* x" X9 v W, V2 }" l 174. Establishing new social patterns
0 V! ]8 ~0 w' n+ E" u9 L 175. Overloading of facilities
! [! D1 F" j& s3 T& B3 F 176. Stall-in
- G, w( u0 j+ s; A! u% @2 ~ 177. Speak-in/ P1 ]5 l8 p; S& c/ Q
178. Guerrilla theater
2 L5 @/ u1 d3 F6 b- m, _( ? 179. Alternative social institutions
8 j6 c; g; ?( P; c' D% b. a/ V 180. Alternative communication system
0 \" J4 w. b, X! [" e6 a) M: m, N
Economic Intervention
- a5 u* p/ q+ ]: k6 @# q8 W! T 181. Reverse strike/ l3 ~$ a& l% c! ~2 x# ^0 u! G: q
182. Stay-in strike
/ Q0 d6 q8 h M0 I. | 183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ r6 j) I# V1 g 184. Defiance of blockades: s$ A( h2 g, i+ Z5 }: x1 m
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
* @% b' Y# Y' V* r5 j* D4 O8 D' [ 186. Preclusive purchasing
5 a# J- m7 R! W$ X! ?6 @! C. U( S 187. Seizure of assets/ X( j) m! a, x) m
188. Dumping
7 @+ f7 `& G+ \$ {) ? s/ s+ _% S# Q 189. Selective patronage
- e5 Z8 |9 W; | 190. Alternative markets
8 f6 Q! }3 R" \7 N' H 191. Alternative transportation systems
. x+ S' _0 z! L' S! J T 192. Alternative economic institutions
0 k7 v6 p- v1 P1 |" A& o
+ B) c( K" {5 v% D, z lPolitical Intervention, c/ R4 v& g% C- d% e
193. Overloading of administrative systems% D* Z; m: S/ y! d5 @5 ~
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
+ h" y. e( V5 n6 V( G, [ 195. Seeking imprisonment6 ?* e0 L; v) R% \, {
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% F' r) r/ q- M4 l. B N( A8 I1 N2 Y( `
197. Work-on without collaboration
$ v, W! h! M6 B- C7 G 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
