 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& {: P4 H! U8 r" O. ], G* XFormal Statements
8 T9 A% u! y) R+ A& _ 1. Public Speeches
$ H k; K) D* N 2. Letters of opposition or support2 E" X1 O( u( y4 U& \' T% C& T
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: ] _5 {8 v8 v" G! E# s 4. Signed public statements
* M: R/ n& m; t+ {0 n 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
^% E( H) i: c4 ?3 a2 z9 T 6. Group or mass petitions
. ^# V8 j7 p4 T: o9 i
1 A1 ~3 B0 v/ F& C5 R, X! c6 D6 W* D8 hCommunications with a Wider Audience
7 `6 Q/ ?4 x+ x3 p0 w/ V 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 Z% f: J+ t- ^! a0 m! H. A
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ c8 [/ q6 |% z7 ^+ n L! C
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
y; Z* n* D: W. \ 10. Newspapers and journals
+ n; n3 K8 W5 j! e# M 11. Records, radio, and television# A* Q0 | s" [, d2 G
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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( T5 \+ T! J6 yGroup Representations8 n9 c2 l* M: m4 j! I3 O' R
13. Deputations
, ]+ ?# f# a8 y, \ 14. Mock awards
* P$ W. C% R9 T' w- i% ^ J# h9 | 15. Group lobbying6 L* n. M. V- F; W9 N
16. Picketing8 b5 F! i( m5 @+ J
17. Mock elections
" I2 p* w7 C( x! U$ `: N3 c; a+ b# m5 q& ~) @4 l1 Z
Symbolic Public Acts
y& G/ X% v* |8 E% `$ x3 i 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: F4 u" a% O' i& q 19. Wearing of symbols
$ p8 ?: V- ^& R: r8 X5 g# o 20. Prayer and worship
9 P2 c! N, J$ Z! i 21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 g7 o% Q, O$ N( }3 E5 \4 v; A 22. Protest disrobings# m, d" Z' o! w( C( i
23. Destruction of own property! T- v4 X3 M/ L Q# C' t& C
24. Symbolic lights
1 g, j2 H& c% Y. E$ @ l 25. Displays of portraits, n% l; W" n+ v( }
26. Paint as protest
+ p3 h1 \6 P/ z2 A 27. New signs and names
f$ U# m; ]& k7 ~1 F 28. Symbolic sounds
3 }" }$ M( D0 G$ O1 N: B 29. Symbolic reclamations
; a& `( T( b6 f7 S- N# q. U 30. Rude gestures
& \# c+ i; y+ j: k: t& u' |/ j* u! b1 [* ~3 g, \
Pressures on Individuals
+ ]) Q! D5 D7 e0 Q$ _9 } X$ [2 C$ } U 31. “Haunting” officials
3 G6 \5 y- i" E5 G. _ 32. Taunting officials
6 K9 F: p( B5 e: w 33. Fraternization
$ _! ] Q% Y. ]8 m 34. Vigils
4 Y1 M1 h) P3 k9 L/ Z. @. K! H) V% F) C. b+ o
Drama and Music
) Q9 a Y* ]) h1 ?: A0 B 35. Humorous skits and pranks2 |/ U n$ i$ s0 Z4 W4 @8 D
36. Performances of plays and music
$ ?$ e0 Y& V* d6 T 37. Singing" O |& u, `. ?% @* B3 P
8 X- V `: a# Z$ M5 l9 V% _/ e
Processions
+ W- _' d$ T( {& L7 N 38. Marches& e! E8 ?1 `2 ?; P7 J
39. Parades
$ O c$ t: {' o% S( @; q9 R$ w 40. Religious processions# t A, h a0 b$ y5 X8 q
41. Pilgrimages! g! Q$ ?" g& o% @5 ^+ `$ k
42. Motorcades
* _& l) U N6 ?1 i C$ e
( N% t$ X' B" S" S* QHonoring the Dead
! J" ?2 E5 a7 { 43. Political mourning
4 \! O) x3 H' u; Y0 @ \ 44. Mock funerals
9 h, ~! h" q; P x6 ~5 P4 I& Z 45. Demonstrative funerals
; E; m. ?$ f6 f# s9 i$ b# { 46. Homage at burial places0 O* a H J8 j5 `
4 D" g: K' Y8 o: ^. f2 wPublic Assemblies
" S) G5 P# c9 W1 B" f 47. Assemblies of protest or support6 u8 Q3 z/ Y" p
48. Protest meetings
% r4 t, V+ V* s3 O: f& w+ m5 f 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 K+ k0 ^# z& T9 L 50. Teach-ins
: f6 M# n+ |) O& w0 Q+ `9 v: E
* I1 B3 s" @1 k6 r( M6 \! ~+ BWithdrawal and Renunciation
9 n7 u1 ~! T0 b5 A$ _ 51. Walk-outs& T f' p" ?" E- I
52. Silence
3 h/ k6 B" |* s6 h$ J! O 53. Renouncing honors) R; W5 }+ h/ A
54. Turning one’s back% J/ U1 O* i4 u. R# C) c
3 j) I1 o4 Q. R, v
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. `' f3 T- c$ G; \THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% w+ q$ u" J; j) Q! d* ]
( P3 Q$ q, c R4 r: Y# R 3 e% R+ I) N' V4 u- L3 n
" ~8 M- |1 |1 G0 Z/ P
Ostracism of Persons3 O, Q3 r1 a$ D, t' L
55. Social boycott
' ~# H3 E1 ^& ?/ R& o" F 56. Selective social boycott
0 q) u2 C: ~. N7 Z2 f% _* v 57. Lysistratic nonaction
) H, m% [- |7 r/ X1 K! u1 j9 @9 ] 58. Excommunication
% ~$ V0 p+ g0 m- }% N% A 59. Interdict1 a9 l, ^. \' l/ |
& b0 l) ?; b, d$ e1 BNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ N l5 J& z% i
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 I# i* t& n9 u g6 {, G: Q9 P 61. Boycott of social affairs
2 ^+ l& t3 K* W6 C 62. Student strike
, ^9 t, h# y4 C+ l" _5 s 63. Social disobedience
0 X* c- w, Z8 ?3 l 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 \2 e2 a/ _# E! p
6 }8 V. x# ^8 o$ a j2 Y* w( @! `! oWithdrawal from the Social System$ _1 K8 G' Y' K% Z- B9 I* }
65. Stay-at-home6 \8 T& y& ? D+ {1 v0 Z: o6 V/ y
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 E! P/ k; M& n( m4 [8 Y& O; [ 67. “Flight” of workers. P/ [8 l' x! o; t
68. Sanctuary% d @5 Y: W2 |% O1 Q
69. Collective disappearance. t# x' T% W0 Q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 ^' ]1 G+ k) B, l( P/ ?0 X
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" h7 o& P! L9 |& O4 E- O% S4 fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS% ? D! O# ]1 V* @
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6 ?5 p& G" z8 c7 N0 f9 VActions by Consumers. n8 |1 \8 H2 d( [' S& p7 N6 ?6 ~
71. Consumers’ boycott
7 w0 C5 ]% |% ]( q/ r1 H: G1 s. x4 h 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods ]# E" y) j; P
73. Policy of austerity7 p) M: n7 x& h& l
74. Rent withholding; t) Q$ K3 r- p% L
75. Refusal to rent! I' @( q/ K; P. H' g( Z
76. National consumers’ boycott
$ ]$ w5 A, ]' v0 W7 P0 c; @ 77. International consumers’ boycott0 D4 a/ j& [4 L' C0 ~! P& W& i# R6 f
' ]" ?* b! n/ z4 L& k6 m
Action by Workers and Producers2 O6 Z9 y }2 |7 I- b7 n& d3 p( \
78. Workmen’s boycott2 _1 k; m# w. F: E7 d3 B" B% I1 k4 A
79. Producers’ boycott f: I: P& y- {9 N
2 S4 H6 o( k6 ~* lAction by Middlemen' g- Y% b) k2 \3 D9 K* t& }
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: G ^7 d( T, v9 F1 p% [
- ~$ E) p9 o: P$ ^6 UAction by Owners and Management
% g2 r, @4 w2 G( C 81. Traders’ boycott
' w0 C9 [. v7 d# J9 `4 ? 82. Refusal to let or sell property. X: Z5 ~) q4 ^& _' a# e2 P
83. Lockout
6 g# M# o3 l) H4 t2 V3 P 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' {% {8 H5 W2 B5 ? 85. Merchants’ “general strike”* M/ I/ S% ^. }+ @. C, y. [
4 A4 \. r5 n. Q( YAction by Holders of Financial Resources7 f/ U9 C* z8 ^* f: y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) I: O3 g! c6 T3 a 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ c1 J9 c& d( B3 T 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" A; a2 K5 U+ {7 c9 G
89. Severance of funds and credit
8 s, ]* F0 v/ a2 Q% V% k; y1 s 90. Revenue refusal* [. U, a: h8 Q. Y
91. Refusal of a government’s money+ E! O: ?! H4 S5 y8 P; |- w4 S K
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Action by Governments# H ~8 m4 }7 f7 e( S, f' O
92. Domestic embargo* s7 N" T, N' u8 B7 _% Q* u
93. Blacklisting of traders `5 h! a, [ \; P0 C4 u4 t
94. International sellers’ embargo& q2 l9 W8 t+ c0 Y, m/ s# g6 h
95. International buyers’ embargo `/ Q% v; ~! V( E
96. International trade embargo7 U; t- u8 t" p6 \- J! }1 T0 P
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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7 ^* Y) M) n. {* [# q# X
3 A* M/ p& S5 `8 V- D0 K: jSymbolic Strikes2 ?. H/ q- i$ k. `/ T* I9 T
97. Protest strike: S3 K- S8 T( Y+ w, k
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* {: M6 ~" F' j( H8 l
: y% _+ Z$ b. [. b
Agricultural Strikes( q- X% B$ u& K$ O% `* K. P W% F
99. Peasant strike
% ^- g1 y2 L. F$ t 100. Farm Workers’ strike# U* T; E9 l' i9 n8 C* v
1 K `" v$ A$ x7 f5 m, |
Strikes by Special Groups! m; ~/ l+ H* }
101. Refusal of impressed labor
. b1 E# I4 |& g2 |% n 102. Prisoners’ strike- c3 i5 x/ _7 R1 W/ }
103. Craft strike, n8 P9 [. }8 H) Z
104. Professional strike( K6 a6 o% H$ f3 U O
& ]& Z+ ]3 z: Y. ~
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
$ f$ ^: T; c( l# _( C" O) v 105. Establishment strike& g4 h/ Y0 J1 z
106. Industry strike
/ _( r2 W0 [+ y9 r 107. Sympathetic strike6 d: S( K$ r4 i" q4 M a
3 \: }- A2 w6 [7 D+ y' p
Restricted Strikes
) E$ o% R7 E# B n 108. Detailed strike
3 {, ^/ E, f, p# Z3 x6 }5 G7 Q2 O 109. Bumper strike
3 w0 a: ]- O0 E4 v& [ 110. Slowdown strike
' r( {. H7 C5 \6 `3 h8 p, V 111. Working-to-rule strike) p7 b' s: j, `$ U6 x! m
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 l. O0 E- s' h r 113. Strike by resignation- M1 t$ d+ s" {9 U. \' o$ v4 ^
114. Limited strike9 d; m. L1 d( U9 w9 s X, |5 L& s
115. Selective strike _/ ?& u5 B: @
) [/ c. Q! x# gMulti-Industry Strikes% b0 T: o& c5 G4 u1 s$ X; K" S
2 E% o4 w0 i: S# {9 O2 t
116. Generalized strike3 u1 f: F8 Z0 J% F( i- F
6 W( r& w( e9 D
117. General strike6 ]9 E+ _4 F) _4 p( K% r, m1 _5 {
( v* P: G# X. q$ k/ r% cCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 |: y( {3 G5 _) C2 C2 g$ W' U5 ~9 q' Q, m
118. Hartal$ Q# ]9 l" a# U5 @5 e
+ z' O) a0 \. w5 r, ^ 119. Economic shutdown
2 d' l" `& I+ e- |+ L3 {1 _6 s$ O- ^
1 ~! }5 V0 t9 f1 ~- Z7 d6 }+ u5 `
; O! U* g' W% Y' R& ^7 w; r) C$ v) VTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
3 y' W8 J; \8 I& S1 U9 h+ H d) H; \& ~( E
* C9 o' H7 Q3 M4 \4 w; A! rRejection of Authority
1 o: A1 W$ s( {4 b1 ?4 D% K& f 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- Z& c' d% P* g, z- ]- C4 M1 Y& {- y 121. Refusal of public support
7 [4 ^3 l+ p# u* O3 H# b% s2 l/ R9 j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. s9 \3 n) Z+ i* t0 Q3 O0 i5 e
8 t# O" ^; B) \; d9 _( c6 }Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
7 B+ y8 P. B2 b, j2 ~1 L! O 123. Boycott of legislative bodies- k# Q0 A. N7 I1 @/ n0 z4 x7 W# K0 e
124. Boycott of elections
# w1 e) a$ U7 p6 K 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 _$ m$ R6 @; M! A5 u, G2 W 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies L: X* E# Y; D) r Y! t7 O) {& O
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% O+ t7 E( h- Z$ h* h: f% w 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 q% h2 \$ L9 }: X 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( A0 f/ E9 q6 I/ J% Y/ W* B 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% Q2 t) g, W( p0 L: s) t
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 d1 ~. H" i+ G# a% R 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) V$ R3 Z- C! D/ x c! C
4 D X! p+ z8 U Z; j" xCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: |& Q+ ^2 A1 u* N% Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ T) @3 \2 j$ f3 [1 r 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 j) F3 Q2 u1 k' Z
135. Popular nonobedience
+ W+ y B, s/ _ 136. Disguised disobedience
& G& L+ G6 D" m& f 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
/ G. n' q! h7 D. u 138. Sitdown( W, Z/ Y/ U/ ?# V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation( Q% n7 d; V* N& R; w
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: ~: {! a* k( H& G7 F* a% Q& S/ d1 _
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: r) R3 }" E9 t* H7 t; ~/ ?9 H
! }$ _4 S3 F+ i' |- K! e+ z4 WAction by Government Personnel
" \% t$ {3 H6 V9 E( Y, S. F( x0 a 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ S2 k6 z- l7 I/ L0 X 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: s( D G! _) p$ P" i+ b4 q 144. Stalling and obstruction
8 I9 t0 E! {: _# T* ?2 W# `5 ? 145. General administrative noncooperation
+ b4 r3 N( j7 \3 i: Y% L
( d( s# d8 b" `/ e6 u. I 146. Judicial noncooperation& T D, E. w; i. D8 y: D
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 ~8 p5 M- e4 x 148. Mutiny
( }- ?! E) \' W3 XDomestic Governmental Action
6 w+ Y3 M# u, r# u2 S0 h 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays. X! R9 E: K& |/ ]3 C: Y8 T2 r
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! W& h7 k' R8 M9 I6 }
) X* B% o% f/ c8 M0 vInternational Governmental Action& O( k7 Y* S! l( l2 O4 o* u
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
8 f O+ C$ y8 h1 r7 l7 I( a 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events" W& h: k6 l; j$ u
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: T) I9 `- \/ `! b: |. A9 [( `
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' C4 e8 a5 y+ _" j" u6 ^
155. Withdrawal from international organizations# U7 d; R3 L+ ^: Z
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
r9 b( B e) \5 a/ K 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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5 w3 [% b$ {) F9 j IPsychological Intervention1 S4 a% M C' _2 G
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- f' s* F8 g9 q; r' H, V 159. The fast
; }! g8 n; d' \7 I$ p" x a) Fast of moral pressure
$ M. K& M* W! P/ c b) Hunger strike- `) o: C' `" e w t O
c) Satyagrahic fast5 W# B4 o& `0 b
160. Reverse trial' E, }5 D( H' Z1 Y; a+ P
161. Nonviolent harassment0 @ y' ^. E0 o8 n
; e: g* v0 I+ v% \$ _ j
Physical Intervention/ _; b6 t* w. d! @1 e9 K. q9 U
162. Sit-in
k, G/ ~+ _- J& ? l1 Y 163. Stand-in
# K. L/ g( _* a3 X; T 164. Ride-in
& l$ d" }- j- q' ~; Z9 x: v 165. Wade-in
3 H; Y' k$ f4 E# ~ 166. Mill-in
m5 ~( ]: e' b$ |; x/ Q) J7 S 167. Pray-in+ F8 h# e5 v8 A7 m3 g
168. Nonviolent raids0 H+ \7 f+ t: q8 N3 b- A( K
169. Nonviolent air raids
8 {/ q9 V# ~! u3 L' T 170. Nonviolent invasion
" Y2 @1 L( q6 k/ K0 B% z 171. Nonviolent interjection
" c" k+ w& f# X$ Z( k6 ?) R 172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ B7 H y1 x; X% U 173. Nonviolent occupation
2 P' K! E8 h' A4 L1 O+ \3 M5 s) e; Y: G5 M- B Y
Social Intervention
) p8 p# c2 E( J5 s( L0 u6 u9 p 174. Establishing new social patterns
+ c+ V4 |2 T7 l' H$ f 175. Overloading of facilities" H- B9 z% J( H8 D# @0 a6 J
176. Stall-in
0 C' Y, ?6 a5 ~3 I5 a. h. Y 177. Speak-in
- @! k+ L7 s1 d- V 178. Guerrilla theater9 N: @# c; b4 S W
179. Alternative social institutions
2 x4 b2 g N* { 180. Alternative communication system; K$ ~6 C+ L. _
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Economic Intervention! t: }: q T, l* ~* K
181. Reverse strike
9 m3 d; ~0 ^, a! X. S* i9 O 182. Stay-in strike4 D2 l& l: A2 f3 O
183. Nonviolent land seizure, I& D, C5 C* g" Q7 ?6 K" H1 {
184. Defiance of blockades; F2 b5 y" M7 \% T, L
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
5 O, R3 u& ]2 [: N* d" Y 186. Preclusive purchasing
4 a! ~5 _0 W: N. x& D7 l( Q8 n 187. Seizure of assets! V/ }- i' O s' I/ Q1 H1 O; A
188. Dumping
; x! o8 |) D; X% x' z 189. Selective patronage8 M6 q8 ~2 w( i2 `
190. Alternative markets5 I+ f1 ~' L# r' x' p; {
191. Alternative transportation systems' P. Q) u5 d7 M Z6 @
192. Alternative economic institutions
+ J) \) q( Y# t* A: c2 d
) _9 J4 o+ o3 WPolitical Intervention7 E& j; P: N; O* Q% |% K
193. Overloading of administrative systems) j; W- ]. i; ]1 d2 P4 s( P+ Q1 ~6 }
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents& D6 Z2 G! Y0 W- K! Q! K/ I+ v
195. Seeking imprisonment( f7 N: Y* T, m% d
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 j% z/ d# q5 ^, L- G+ |' t. E, d
197. Work-on without collaboration& A. h6 O. b' P/ z' z0 l
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
