 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( b& W0 K; R, {- Q4 l
Formal Statements* X" ~4 V5 _% u/ W" \7 M
1. Public Speeches
+ J* M. I! t4 f! Q) Q$ F9 W 2. Letters of opposition or support
( }$ g$ N' Z) Q; s' F 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions x& E8 R0 M8 A6 `) g1 e+ x6 x
4. Signed public statements
( d! [3 M* j, b- G9 h, y+ M, Z) h+ T 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) P4 f7 k* f& [. B 6. Group or mass petitions
5 p* G0 C; J. J4 a* w" [9 Z% M6 b7 E( u2 E! [$ ~& U4 x3 W7 h
Communications with a Wider Audience
( ~, |) z( P4 p3 K) q3 L 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
3 F! E4 d% i- [4 y ^* u 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ b4 n* v2 |! `) P
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& I) x) L! Y% R* d. u
10. Newspapers and journals7 C) }2 @6 o+ E( Q J F4 t
11. Records, radio, and television9 r1 t8 ~ Z! K4 @" Q; _ A
12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 Y7 g; H0 p4 i3 J0 v) A; _" r
$ E }2 G2 d4 N$ G3 D0 D& O& K
Group Representations; F3 ?' d+ n3 h& W
13. Deputations( H/ v- h0 G$ T2 ]7 O
14. Mock awards: C! T9 Z* j- |8 s6 t1 `
15. Group lobbying
4 T9 @# D9 I8 @ 16. Picketing: f- o9 b& E7 q, A# N6 ]: l
17. Mock elections
$ C4 S; H' y: F2 n: |! H5 H- M/ H8 ?
Symbolic Public Acts0 Z$ m b" C B/ e3 F
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- Y" ^1 J0 G. c5 s# N0 w, Q
19. Wearing of symbols
$ _" j3 \0 v& F. S8 Y- |/ _; v 20. Prayer and worship6 V( ^; M4 L; _6 G
21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ {2 W' K3 a7 ^9 h, a. {! z 22. Protest disrobings
_+ @+ y1 _! o# M0 u, r' s3 f 23. Destruction of own property4 Q, {1 w% r' w
24. Symbolic lights3 K m3 n4 U. w9 W3 a. }0 F
25. Displays of portraits3 u1 b+ F1 `5 h* U- y0 ]1 ]) {, }9 E
26. Paint as protest' s) }, j) b& u" x, b; Y
27. New signs and names
v7 Y4 ]/ P9 [' M8 l 28. Symbolic sounds- ^1 u, |, I) `: _+ v. V6 k
29. Symbolic reclamations
% [3 s6 s' x. x+ @# E9 A6 ]* z 30. Rude gestures$ G5 a8 U) [. c
, g$ Q6 Y) ]# H4 m2 i/ p
Pressures on Individuals. }0 T: W6 S' z W) d L* j0 x. m
31. “Haunting” officials5 b% Z+ g" Z4 [8 U/ p( V% D! l
32. Taunting officials- E) v0 O: N; u8 j2 S: V$ X; o
33. Fraternization+ A* x, I+ T9 c, u% J/ H
34. Vigils/ Z' O3 t D5 E3 Q
) e; z& ?9 `; y; U& ^. I oDrama and Music
* P/ G0 T+ B8 Q* P2 e 35. Humorous skits and pranks
( C* A9 |* x; d. c7 `, Z 36. Performances of plays and music
* f6 [7 S; r o0 m9 \ 37. Singing
$ e% Z# `+ A5 k% [) u" p3 z5 ^ L; R: _' j B5 D
Processions
) C; q* n* H4 e4 t. a, {9 ] 38. Marches
6 O; m9 j4 E- p9 ? 39. Parades, X& N: E l7 r6 E& T; f
40. Religious processions
8 Q' h% u; w0 [ 41. Pilgrimages
' o) g" O3 _! i 42. Motorcades) R7 f( S/ @5 M8 s' `
% J6 Q: V' W4 |Honoring the Dead
; Y+ }8 D$ Z0 ^7 y' ? 43. Political mourning* M p& Z: D) i9 A$ {" d3 {
44. Mock funerals) x/ j3 S0 \7 h6 J8 s! C
45. Demonstrative funerals! k# N! h# P7 d& `! }) @
46. Homage at burial places
. n1 z# y( t3 z3 ~
' g6 D: A1 B( V5 d, @$ X# ]$ JPublic Assemblies/ c4 t3 R7 v& J( I# N* f* u, d: ~
47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ |; y6 B- x1 p6 h0 \) B 48. Protest meetings
: |3 r" h" r b 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 S: g" n1 k$ C3 r
50. Teach-ins
7 J: x, a) I; ?6 ~ Z' C
2 K2 B/ M+ p! k* q; yWithdrawal and Renunciation Z& c# `8 |8 @6 c; k
51. Walk-outs4 s# o: [4 R; `) G0 C \
52. Silence
# l3 ~) R7 }6 W; z' ^- u! | 53. Renouncing honors
9 p+ Q9 f+ e2 u, B1 T: C0 H 54. Turning one’s back7 m+ i0 o; `2 a2 R- V7 M: [8 `$ A
" ?1 S$ `* t: x3 d7 t' U& D: g 6 r2 [% }5 a6 N; `; b: Y
e7 c0 D) C0 GTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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8 s% c7 J8 a9 ^% X8 I( V0 T1 P( O( V8 p
Ostracism of Persons" q5 y& S& U$ v' E4 A
55. Social boycott% {" f' s) y4 h9 H- }8 Q% Y
56. Selective social boycott8 G8 {# x8 ]$ `$ F* d% C
57. Lysistratic nonaction
) Z0 C0 p" [* i" c5 s3 Z 58. Excommunication
9 Q4 O) F! V. |6 ^- W2 _4 G% G$ X! J 59. Interdict/ @' `) t' i$ k6 O4 l
& E5 u$ K% A3 jNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! v, l3 a$ T( i8 Q2 x( w- i# T; d 60. Suspension of social and sports activities% Q2 p/ L& }3 Z% T3 ~: A
61. Boycott of social affairs& P4 y% n3 i4 c. o, m8 ~8 C
62. Student strike- I9 z; ]4 G% }4 H
63. Social disobedience
! R8 u+ l9 A1 o, A! b# F3 s 64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 P2 y" M+ C7 f) P) C
8 O- T8 K6 @4 s* mWithdrawal from the Social System9 z6 u) @2 m5 j6 z6 Z F
65. Stay-at-home# ?7 ~8 ~( h6 g- K% s9 a
66. Total personal noncooperation
% Q) |3 B) \' G1 e6 ^& W( U 67. “Flight” of workers
, C; m6 g8 R3 @/ Q 68. Sanctuary
6 G- i* Y, V/ F6 G/ t* g9 y1 {6 Z0 E 69. Collective disappearance7 w0 Q6 e- `) Q% u' L1 J
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ K( U) m4 |, h' n" B
4 T' I2 J l: q2 G' K
' j2 D& b8 L0 |2 o5 B9 O; y" u, A5 n/ J1 I( z- y" U3 j
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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7 w; L _, ]% b! SActions by Consumers1 M7 P8 n6 A8 X2 Z9 H v0 e$ p
71. Consumers’ boycott
6 G2 F8 e7 [: O, c" }. T 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 E6 [ H8 S( }( Y' Y" p1 {) R
73. Policy of austerity4 ^. G: K2 p& d: X2 _' _ M
74. Rent withholding
9 W; Y) Q/ \7 u3 a7 T 75. Refusal to rent
" D7 c7 A0 a( ~' {5 q) |+ H 76. National consumers’ boycott
. E" |7 a. q3 K% B% k! E4 U 77. International consumers’ boycott
8 P; f9 M( `1 S' X* l) O; P- k- Y* f) F+ \5 n+ L0 e
Action by Workers and Producers
: }9 Y* X6 M% x, ]$ F 78. Workmen’s boycott
. V ] Y6 C7 j, U% F/ S+ o/ ~" E 79. Producers’ boycott
" S# c: t2 y* i
[7 ?" {' j; R' V% ^6 \Action by Middlemen
% P' w2 h3 L1 J3 {) Y4 u) S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- }. K# F' w2 X7 i% Y5 b7 s5 [
6 d2 q2 l/ [3 y$ hAction by Owners and Management
5 b) g" L$ a2 ?; R8 L0 d6 k 81. Traders’ boycott% [* @3 y# b4 _% u! L ~ _& k
82. Refusal to let or sell property* B% \% K' ~% o: W$ p
83. Lockout4 c9 Q" i( d5 e' t+ A
84. Refusal of industrial assistance" T' T: m% P9 g4 q( \1 W, H. b; j
85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 p$ ?6 F& d4 m# M' D
& F k" _* |' ?- f# j. V+ \, EAction by Holders of Financial Resources
' |/ M0 B0 X. o' V 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 O) Q# b* y/ G) ~$ u, ?6 L 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
# d( N d4 O1 G& C! C2 i4 f 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ v5 K* T' P# _. y# J# s 89. Severance of funds and credit+ [( B' d' u. l8 j/ o
90. Revenue refusal/ Q; O# P- Q0 n- l7 ?
91. Refusal of a government’s money
. {) x9 b! {( m! p u$ q
' Z8 g# e) w$ f, ~/ t% Q) i! ^3 ]Action by Governments5 e# v6 L- y# @7 O
92. Domestic embargo
% V5 F8 [0 @6 E5 w1 |/ ^- f8 A 93. Blacklisting of traders* B. S8 h- { {; [8 r
94. International sellers’ embargo
/ a0 V% v( ]7 J/ }1 x) ^. q 95. International buyers’ embargo
' |" w! }7 _& v- h9 D' ^ 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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+ B4 Q0 e% W% l6 e! R6 X! X I( {6 \# ?4 O% _
Symbolic Strikes( ?" Y" n$ g" D! }, A6 T; K
97. Protest strike; W4 |, T. O' o8 j6 v( v& l
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)+ m7 S' j) q4 R1 u: I
0 y# J0 K. D% I QAgricultural Strikes; ]1 b; W0 [0 a( X
99. Peasant strike
# J- C& G; P, t% z' L. ] 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ J( x+ S2 T. ^" s: `1 A/ F, X# z3 o. n1 `% s7 N9 @
Strikes by Special Groups
" P7 Y- M$ q: Z1 o" B 101. Refusal of impressed labor
; ^$ a& R: u2 ?, i! X 102. Prisoners’ strike
5 }- s3 U0 m- S 103. Craft strike
) n' B, b$ j; H4 b/ c/ [ p2 R 104. Professional strike$ v B/ O2 d z$ r' J
& k) ^0 q' j/ Q K1 b% S! r; e6 [1 C
Ordinary Industrial Strikes/ @% r2 V i, }6 K
105. Establishment strike; E5 \/ B4 [' A3 U; ~2 U+ q
106. Industry strike
0 O4 X- s$ u' L$ n: s* u9 Y 107. Sympathetic strike9 @& s0 [/ W* Q6 X
* T7 ?7 P! x: q- A2 ~5 V' U5 w# GRestricted Strikes9 n, }5 _, {/ }
108. Detailed strike: r2 [# S6 X( ]# }1 @
109. Bumper strike2 f- O o9 D8 H: X3 g# x5 P2 T2 z
110. Slowdown strike
( u3 S! B7 n, s; P# U$ ]2 y 111. Working-to-rule strike
( u k7 Y& A W5 T+ L 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
! A$ k7 |4 T. Y; G& i 113. Strike by resignation, O! ^, J2 p6 k, z+ o G9 k$ R
114. Limited strike. R! L8 E5 t! D) G9 _
115. Selective strike
* H$ w3 W k1 X7 m8 t' ?$ T3 ~3 x! i+ N! _
Multi-Industry Strikes t" a4 w& ]% }7 ~
; F5 j! k' P( y% o" `1 M0 b& Z
116. Generalized strike
9 F/ @0 a8 e' O" g8 [
( z+ U& z- K& h5 z 117. General strike
. z g, U# V. P V# n5 Y% X
6 _: c2 Y( w: Q QCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures, c* u: {8 K" D5 p6 _ M
6 w' f0 l+ F- o- e# r# C _ 118. Hartal
, S3 A' A( {* W v% k: R: g0 s+ H6 b( e$ l0 z, P0 u* m
119. Economic shutdown
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6 D- ]9 a: S. `& O& W2 Q8 j% T- z3 {' |
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: ^* T. p- f' T$ k4 r9 P; ~
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6 D: w& ?) m8 W
Rejection of Authority0 L$ ~' l" E9 P% }. W
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 {* J7 O5 \2 Q* l! u/ _" x
121. Refusal of public support3 d9 X- c" z+ m% X# s3 T' z8 b" V c
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance& K2 s. h! u# N8 [9 |4 ?
0 V% H& Y; ] e6 d. @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. }+ n. S4 m$ V! Z7 L6 h 123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ D$ M, ?3 s5 K! \2 L
124. Boycott of elections
3 B9 c: R# S1 w+ @: m. t6 h 125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 V5 k% a, b& X. V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ K; Y$ e# T/ h! L
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, l0 [$ d1 v+ w 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
E( Y1 @0 l3 Y; ^: o 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 ?9 L9 u# ~, @) O% C& X
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% P- G/ K; S1 c n' Y0 N 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. l- r" _, C2 B+ [. G! y 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions! I* W: i- _' W8 S7 q
1 _( k1 s, [" t& ]) n0 I* R
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# ?; N! j: F6 ?: b; P, s2 }' Y) I 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 h- V& Q6 D: J* n* Y2 Q 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- K6 f, R. _/ s5 l6 b% p; G
135. Popular nonobedience. T, G6 C( I# E% F
136. Disguised disobedience
, _! t" K$ ~9 x1 ~) v 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ k% f( ^4 T- b
138. Sitdown y O6 J: \# D& Z4 [9 L
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation, i" F. r1 l3 w2 n
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
8 j7 |% h7 q' x 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ U& r0 d7 R* Z/ k, Z/ L% J
$ f% P9 X& x; n* n/ iAction by Government Personnel
+ W* o6 l5 @' X, _. ] 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ u7 q# s; j, Y% a T) n9 W) f
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 b4 j7 H: U) o( |$ C+ N 144. Stalling and obstruction
" `5 b: t2 {5 ] 145. General administrative noncooperation( J2 A7 d: D0 D; }/ Q" `
+ X7 C& L4 S7 W, @' J6 o
146. Judicial noncooperation
: T( Y, q3 _: [. P6 N8 p% i 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: j& V, p9 a$ E! ^
148. Mutiny3 ^& i! f$ P3 n+ b6 ]
Domestic Governmental Action
) K2 E6 {* W/ j& D; A 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
9 b2 J& \9 [! y) R8 m& S3 G0 U 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; W5 u$ q7 C; }) h7 l3 e) }+ p4 ?1 e% {: p; B
International Governmental Action
0 e8 h9 s d/ J3 k" R9 {0 W2 }; y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ X/ p* z d p/ q0 H9 C: X 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 b! i# w8 p |' T7 B
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 y$ o- t) I: k8 O9 T 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 C% ^" a; s& i, ~7 T 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 y' [* W' l% V _9 s 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- p& S8 ^' z4 Y; [+ x" t 157. Expulsion from international organizations7 H1 w0 n& ?" `. L" D/ [. x
1 O/ R4 r* S7 U! V
1 c: [4 V1 p$ G- Q# \! e1 N2 p( v
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 C* B3 M* Q' V D: r
/ Z+ H2 u2 a8 q+ \. g
7 h; F3 }2 ~- y+ P$ f& Y+ CPsychological Intervention" S# |' A9 u4 _! C
158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ X* S1 [ c1 U: k# @& h 159. The fast
3 t1 [' b3 \+ Y& _! I, l/ r; Y a) Fast of moral pressure1 D+ [7 W" O# a+ V
b) Hunger strike
3 Z# C P( J) h' Q: N0 b c) Satyagrahic fast" G) d8 u# v3 Q; V: O. s
160. Reverse trial
7 z# c& q0 e3 ^! E4 K0 g 161. Nonviolent harassment) w$ F! z1 n! S; c: x0 S% j
9 |; ]; g# }- g2 ]Physical Intervention
( P& [/ k& ] @; Z: ^0 i 162. Sit-in
7 [! _! b2 q1 P3 [( R 163. Stand-in; i+ `8 u' f( i, j) D( e6 t
164. Ride-in
' t+ {+ T+ J2 J5 N4 j/ U. W2 R! z 165. Wade-in
7 K5 @6 S5 ]6 o L- C6 l% d8 s 166. Mill-in
5 n- K( e* _! p. L 167. Pray-in: @" c9 u+ ], ^3 R; f( Z9 K0 E
168. Nonviolent raids
- P' b9 L) Q" |2 Q P3 E 169. Nonviolent air raids
& i" H7 ` S7 `& r, T, ~ Z, ~ 170. Nonviolent invasion
# R& J: Y( E8 ?( g 171. Nonviolent interjection% B4 ~- s( W5 D% m: d) _" {+ E- E
172. Nonviolent obstruction5 t: n5 r% r& r$ o
173. Nonviolent occupation
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$ I7 r. S2 ?/ g1 xSocial Intervention4 h! r W0 Q$ `8 Z( m! J6 U
174. Establishing new social patterns3 r2 I4 Q x( w. m
175. Overloading of facilities
6 G- e) A/ p( c0 O( N3 s& r" j" _ 176. Stall-in
* A4 s: ~* _( j7 S8 _" w6 @; _ 177. Speak-in2 `! [# F3 a$ t4 ]2 `5 t
178. Guerrilla theater6 k7 l3 Y: V3 ?
179. Alternative social institutions8 o# m/ V& x) p
180. Alternative communication system, G. v8 L1 z' V
2 n% g* R, x# v/ K q% r+ m: nEconomic Intervention
4 J ^1 @; v. Q& ~0 Q" Q 181. Reverse strike
: X7 K1 u% g0 A4 j' k# ? 182. Stay-in strike
% n2 Q, @( J4 J6 ?/ Z) n8 z8 \ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 x7 [" S0 H- U) B 184. Defiance of blockades4 @! O8 F6 }& V. l' k
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! M* d! i+ i, Q7 {* i c. m+ ^ 186. Preclusive purchasing
* D5 A8 |5 x& U* @: T# o" @4 Z9 ~ 187. Seizure of assets
! X% | I4 n8 i! A" }+ t3 c/ f+ q- z6 K 188. Dumping
- Z$ R3 M0 S' ?7 B 189. Selective patronage
L8 T9 i" w; ^ 190. Alternative markets6 E! ?' Z7 d, s( _
191. Alternative transportation systems* ]+ B( y8 \1 Z" ?
192. Alternative economic institutions
* S8 y9 K4 ]# s4 e' |& j, U: y+ T% d5 R
Political Intervention
* N( B; ?3 r% H' A 193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 M& `, |& U! _) E) g* { 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) o) j. V$ M" ?7 Y; G" p
195. Seeking imprisonment
0 @7 f+ M& J+ n7 ^- y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 |: g% Q8 N2 j+ C1 _ 197. Work-on without collaboration
5 u9 _/ d9 O% i, } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 I* a1 j, w; k( t: ^5 W$ ~
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
