 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" G; l: e) G9 N: |+ MFormal Statements( M4 N; p1 i4 E4 ^* h g
1. Public Speeches4 E: Z& m& T& s! Q+ h }1 Z3 N
2. Letters of opposition or support# u' K, f, Z L
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 E0 A0 G1 |7 R 4. Signed public statements- ~: V0 K% Z7 t
5. Declarations of indictment and intention# q( s! x' d7 u( S( v/ l
6. Group or mass petitions/ p) ?8 n6 C& d: ^. P
0 P9 E& V$ j5 j0 `Communications with a Wider Audience$ R- ~8 P/ k( S
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) M6 b; m" ]; D9 R: \% D 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, u; p0 V6 g) K0 O/ m/ v5 ~
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( ?7 b% Z, c3 y- f* W' W: Q @ 10. Newspapers and journals
) O$ g6 e6 z; M( z6 h 11. Records, radio, and television
( J) a' E; m' E" i2 S 12. Skywriting and earthwriting! O* W2 o4 C* ^' e1 W/ e
" @: {8 p( L. G. Z+ UGroup Representations
6 {% _, Y6 M3 _; _6 F 13. Deputations
: B" Q9 J1 x1 r- j 14. Mock awards9 O1 Q! K4 x" \3 f- j8 }
15. Group lobbying
( @, }# Y7 o z 16. Picketing' ^! o1 F* T# V. Z! m7 j* Z
17. Mock elections
3 K/ ~0 ^6 Y6 D5 t0 W% X) Y+ t4 {% L
Symbolic Public Acts1 a8 L% Y7 o) c2 ], u# t& @
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors3 Z& Z1 Z( C" q! e
19. Wearing of symbols
) X3 G( Y; g% d1 ~ 20. Prayer and worship6 W$ b! _1 d" r8 k
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 F9 {) J9 l X0 {1 `% M$ p 22. Protest disrobings
- R: W+ o8 j5 k# ~) X 23. Destruction of own property
/ `) [8 \, b% ~ 24. Symbolic lights
, j+ o/ U' j' Z0 w, h! \8 s6 _ 25. Displays of portraits
- ^. B! j% l1 K) Y! u7 V6 {+ t# P2 f 26. Paint as protest
8 Z2 a/ n6 R+ r# j8 @1 D 27. New signs and names. Y+ ^3 g8 B8 |. E! J1 f
28. Symbolic sounds
! O W2 \- [ G$ V3 M/ h- F2 s 29. Symbolic reclamations' S" M7 {1 g- }* r# D0 C
30. Rude gestures
: @9 A4 x) V n. L6 ]
. a3 y! G+ G3 b$ x3 pPressures on Individuals3 L1 Y, y4 s h' K1 }+ a
31. “Haunting” officials
; E0 i G% z/ `* U+ V 32. Taunting officials
, P- B0 _ c: R3 |; e. o 33. Fraternization0 L) j2 Q& [. C2 U
34. Vigils" n4 d c! K$ {
9 y9 v2 q; \+ q0 j: r z: r/ Y; lDrama and Music
* j" n8 B- G6 O& [ 35. Humorous skits and pranks4 I" b X5 s; m
36. Performances of plays and music
1 O3 ]+ |. M3 s( c* `* F& U 37. Singing
7 Z( v( h; g7 n6 n/ X6 n" d) e' ^& O9 a) L i
Processions
! J5 F3 v- m5 X2 F1 l/ p; }# I 38. Marches+ G1 Q c1 I/ L# E9 I
39. Parades3 F' _2 @# D( _) E. E
40. Religious processions
0 x% @" ^' E" v* h3 j% ?4 b+ r' h 41. Pilgrimages
0 u8 U" S4 B, } n6 v7 B7 A 42. Motorcades
/ ^- ?7 c1 \+ D u
9 @; j# D% j) {, |) z0 g) `Honoring the Dead
# _% s( e) W# J* \ 43. Political mourning% w: Y* T! W; C9 ]6 l7 n
44. Mock funerals& M4 i" [* m; g+ X! C; j
45. Demonstrative funerals/ n U# r1 P- C, [4 B
46. Homage at burial places { B* Z( R6 M1 t6 J' K
" Q$ i/ e0 J" D& j
Public Assemblies
D! }. J/ o" x0 ?0 B- a0 F: Q 47. Assemblies of protest or support8 ~8 C1 {% {2 t5 g
48. Protest meetings: R' e& s/ V A
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- f- Z, I) A0 n$ M% E
50. Teach-ins4 i5 ]) r! G. p2 P' f
- s! p; h9 Q9 `Withdrawal and Renunciation* j) }: E8 |4 \* Q* o& t* p
51. Walk-outs: u- [/ F7 O0 y3 b. }5 ~8 K; z
52. Silence
5 v! k9 b! }2 R7 @ 53. Renouncing honors
~* t7 a5 q5 d# z 54. Turning one’s back
9 d5 j( G; F6 M+ }) L% i
6 A4 `, o: |( C. }3 R/ x, | % Z8 ~8 \; m: l/ G! s) A
) s- o# o! g( L; Y0 r$ ~
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
! T( I1 M& j& a. w a/ g
7 { o& C; \" `) `( p- D ! Q: ^6 D6 X; S) A
" f6 p+ i, K7 K: _7 bOstracism of Persons
2 D6 E1 g% @# P; H* F 55. Social boycott% j8 _/ A( u7 [9 n/ F$ Y9 e0 m
56. Selective social boycott" J1 G0 t7 n9 @7 M, h: _ p
57. Lysistratic nonaction
; A! X2 w: T2 t9 c& y, m 58. Excommunication
+ x" a- I$ a+ ~1 V& a" V" D6 { 59. Interdict
# `+ a" i6 s- h7 I; Q+ Z
& v2 A- t* }6 h" l! l# }Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: W3 V. g" c! ?$ V
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% \- I* W h. \# j7 f$ B$ e7 P 61. Boycott of social affairs
! e' K- b6 k; G( Y: O: v 62. Student strike
" t" w4 w$ p/ `* T, Z/ R6 _ 63. Social disobedience I; ^; A+ @+ ]$ c! Z" w
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 O' V! S6 E* R: }0 l/ t& m* S, A. \3 g0 s! l- i+ G
Withdrawal from the Social System! {& F5 `4 B4 R7 Y6 `$ i
65. Stay-at-home
4 |5 t! T) e4 t# H9 E) ]8 X: C 66. Total personal noncooperation
) V" i& Q9 c5 Z! p 67. “Flight” of workers$ s* z1 B a7 C1 Y1 A: S. Q
68. Sanctuary
6 c7 W( Z5 I6 @9 [ 69. Collective disappearance5 Z# S# F, ], Y5 h$ @0 f1 _
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)6 S/ B s `- I0 r
" w9 r; A6 R( U- f
2 |. i( E; d- V) P7 B# U
/ K9 U1 E) m. lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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$ k) t- s$ v; {% q' t
9 P; ?9 Z6 o# H* X/ P) y2 CActions by Consumers
( s" ^* F5 y; [2 B9 z# l 71. Consumers’ boycott& r4 [5 s- N1 E# J5 g( n
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
D0 Q0 i3 r+ `6 l8 m# _+ C6 i5 ? 73. Policy of austerity# }3 p3 j' S4 V
74. Rent withholding3 e @- N& y1 \0 f
75. Refusal to rent
+ \1 D2 k, @) t! \ 76. National consumers’ boycott6 O: q: p2 I# p5 ]4 s
77. International consumers’ boycott
7 v Y1 K% S6 d }) n$ T# T
# q- B/ @1 ~5 T! F& ~) OAction by Workers and Producers8 U$ M4 \8 P% _; m: V5 N
78. Workmen’s boycott+ ~$ V, p3 d4 w8 r
79. Producers’ boycott e- ?$ M! c: I: X7 c V* @
& Z: T1 R; U$ |8 c8 M' V& tAction by Middlemen6 O% c8 i1 V# a2 N4 k7 M# E# W0 ~( w
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& I' T$ [& p9 I
1 m' O: L! d) \! m8 C0 wAction by Owners and Management
7 M! y1 m3 G3 a3 W 81. Traders’ boycott
. F, G. N, l( ~6 b6 d$ Q 82. Refusal to let or sell property. N. K2 c a, h8 y; b X5 E" z
83. Lockout i8 w. z7 u0 w$ j7 F, a4 V0 F6 B* r
84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 ]# t* N$ {0 F6 o4 `- P
85. Merchants’ “general strike” Z& I2 ]" l# v" J# N
% z* M# E6 C# ~Action by Holders of Financial Resources
8 y+ E% _9 R5 g* C; q3 U! W8 ]. P 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ x& m7 [- l1 y9 o' u( x% f+ n 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! O: H) ?, R& D- I& U 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 X! ]2 n) t! S- _) I2 p# e
89. Severance of funds and credit( P1 U% m* m+ z+ C% i
90. Revenue refusal
1 T5 I! [- R" }$ y6 i( @ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
% o E( Q, D6 B' R3 C$ o& f6 ~$ N" T5 V" O# l( K% f# a
Action by Governments. _& m! [) ]# l/ G# V
92. Domestic embargo2 j# O8 A$ q9 N" a1 f
93. Blacklisting of traders$ A0 ~ `# ~! e% F- R& E% l
94. International sellers’ embargo
5 b9 B9 e; c1 b& o. W1 g3 i 95. International buyers’ embargo
8 R6 i" s( w. A' n0 d& |- J 96. International trade embargo6 U8 k9 C4 R; { I5 r
$ c# N0 D6 `5 h! v6 J, } / W. {" q" U- N1 a' q1 S/ i0 q
* F- j. p" p# ]/ X3 CTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE a) e7 k; O/ X4 @ ^3 E' x
: M0 j8 Y* M9 E" z
[) o% e1 u8 H/ ~( x4 E# t% z( [Symbolic Strikes
+ ], A5 D8 }$ j& B1 P; @1 |9 ?9 u 97. Protest strike+ G# j: y" @, }8 h( Q# O; {( L
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 M2 w( x" r6 T8 _
6 d3 \/ B5 q/ y: `% aAgricultural Strikes
! h% ^8 ^; H: U% s$ s 99. Peasant strike1 v6 X9 I3 U# P" l
100. Farm Workers’ strike
. q4 s: k5 _1 M7 |3 @
9 }1 }5 m9 B" MStrikes by Special Groups
2 ~. J ]( c0 B Y/ ~, P$ J8 x 101. Refusal of impressed labor
& t4 ^- M/ Q$ y5 W3 ?! H 102. Prisoners’ strike+ g. i5 X, z {8 T9 p
103. Craft strike
4 M( e% ]& L' p$ r$ n 104. Professional strike
8 I- J) e4 L& w: j1 Q; N2 I$ \/ W: L( @( U7 s6 |2 v6 c
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
0 _( c" R$ F8 M" P4 h( b. g 105. Establishment strike) s% q) f, X$ d& z& H2 Y1 ]
106. Industry strike
) T: t7 D( r0 s) M9 t/ \" ` 107. Sympathetic strike/ o$ B& T- o$ o4 J
3 p; [2 e5 x h/ @
Restricted Strikes; } E, { }' w8 K9 A& @
108. Detailed strike8 S8 \- l2 S P; A- W
109. Bumper strike }- N: ^9 k/ U8 M" }
110. Slowdown strike
2 n, Z" s% K: u2 p, j8 ^3 g 111. Working-to-rule strike
; F+ J, s2 f. w' c0 L5 u 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ H3 e- i8 F! t/ U 113. Strike by resignation, ]5 j) t/ X0 z0 U# c
114. Limited strike
& i+ ~" `8 D% G( X+ C0 v 115. Selective strike* z2 J* z2 Q! i6 O& j
; ~' s9 q2 b9 ?6 N9 UMulti-Industry Strikes- T3 K0 a. w5 H
; ?, C; z8 u7 c5 Q- C0 C- Y. o 116. Generalized strike; h0 B* U f- T( D( @9 G
& ~* a: s+ a6 _8 O- [ 117. General strike% z. d' b! k& A( m
* [& p6 ~" d% F( c* n! ?Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ }' ]. |. |0 Q2 j9 K0 M
+ }4 v7 x8 f, v 118. Hartal
/ z- J( `0 Z& `$ Y+ g! o
1 {, A* s" m( L# ]- Y: S# w 119. Economic shutdown
+ ^2 R: ?* p0 L! P
3 x k1 H6 F( r* Y! ~0 x6 g & X* ^1 ~5 [- K
/ e* t0 n( `9 _% a& H3 C) B4 rTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. l* F+ f8 i- O) ~
# a3 h+ ?( u. ~. X2 i
2 K' R7 u$ d7 b& U8 }Rejection of Authority
) ~3 B, t4 v! v6 U d" ~2 I 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( g$ f8 x. R' x, s% f- i4 ~ 121. Refusal of public support6 F1 i0 I4 Y: x1 h* l
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ Y, C1 a; t* P w5 W' ~( F/ A2 F9 C
7 ?9 J% {6 L8 l W/ C: q- \% T# q/ kCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" g. R* S8 y1 a+ _6 T, d/ m4 }: { 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
. B0 |. c% I! o9 ~ 124. Boycott of elections5 T. O$ L& W0 R" r( Y( t
125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 d3 J) \# R, x) i+ J/ \$ ^" h
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) B+ U& D% A8 {) E 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ R1 x) K2 N s$ }1 {
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* E) W- h! g! o- n 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 h* U/ S" c3 u+ {/ ^. L
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
S8 \4 S0 J9 X. N# i- ? 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 z: h0 R% I+ W1 d+ D) r4 H 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 S# S1 P3 M3 ?7 h( w. t
4 c0 Q+ \+ Q8 V. F9 N/ F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 g! ], ?7 s9 W' i% l$ p- A 133. Reluctant and slow compliance% e7 f2 s0 Z9 w) ~
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( |' F. W2 L: U! Y/ S 135. Popular nonobedience
* g4 M/ Y9 y* t4 p 136. Disguised disobedience; M& c4 C( I( k" \3 m; V0 [
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 P1 g! t! i& I) c0 r7 I$ o
138. Sitdown) d* N q* U8 }5 Q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 s# B( a8 R0 E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
. I# p' p* T$ v* M" v( ?, @3 O 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 G; U- }7 D0 y# }( \
% O% c. w/ l0 Z4 \Action by Government Personnel
: V E, q1 u) m3 M( d- J 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 E' o; h Q' l
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; K) ^; R9 T$ E
144. Stalling and obstruction
* p) B; m7 G$ ~* @+ Q0 z/ d) X% E- J 145. General administrative noncooperation! { I5 I8 g' T) R
. q( C- q+ ]- I+ I' Q, t: P$ \ 146. Judicial noncooperation# a8 H4 e% I, ~0 g9 T
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 E1 C: U8 n1 X 148. Mutiny1 G0 q" [6 ^ E
Domestic Governmental Action; [% K7 x i8 d0 \- C# f( [4 M
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
N! U6 C: X3 r 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! l) z$ c* N7 e( i4 S2 w
8 z8 J8 p% y3 y, R9 b3 ~, z! bInternational Governmental Action
' M: b; a, C; b; T6 A1 f9 L1 _ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( M9 g4 U( S0 T8 n$ T( T( {8 d3 q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
6 x# w$ e# H4 p @5 ] i3 s 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! F# `# N9 i4 T7 \2 f2 n" ~
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 Q: ^/ B: S. j5 B h' c 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 c+ O* y) J. H4 H* T0 ^ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& [8 H; k0 b/ Z& K* ]* n. N
157. Expulsion from international organizations2 F: ~! L# Q5 i9 `* c3 E3 w, g
" `) d# N* H0 B9 y6 Y5 s0 h
5 y0 {# l! g! Q8 G5 Z. @5 V
. w5 C9 J0 I* Q o9 L5 N
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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5 p8 l- H8 P# X & n$ ~1 N6 a9 P" a/ B7 `2 Z
Psychological Intervention
5 }' z) }2 P" t( M$ C; | 158. Self-exposure to the elements
I; |! A, r6 J9 E 159. The fast
! ~# V( |/ C! I7 X9 } a) Fast of moral pressure
# }6 S q( q( i# ` A b) Hunger strike( l1 q: H# C: {' Z" s3 A( A0 Y2 z
c) Satyagrahic fast
, h: h6 T6 x/ y8 M" @ 160. Reverse trial5 L" Z/ O$ c9 f5 E
161. Nonviolent harassment) W* D# x5 u" k" i7 R5 ?
, Q2 o, ]: j W
Physical Intervention
- d% j6 v" Q# U/ R 162. Sit-in S" ]3 {5 @8 h# P/ x5 K
163. Stand-in; `1 N: y# g3 _* h3 j0 {
164. Ride-in
) V2 e2 f5 k+ d' l8 r 165. Wade-in
( \$ a+ ]2 y: D! J) ]% I; X1 r2 H) F 166. Mill-in6 N/ o9 J u4 w: F: E6 @
167. Pray-in
% o' H7 M% V' B/ d/ a' j; @# A 168. Nonviolent raids
- l- |. B/ W( M+ h: y8 D 169. Nonviolent air raids+ S+ _" ^3 X) ?8 H/ v5 x8 o- v
170. Nonviolent invasion
9 C( U' O& I! |/ G 171. Nonviolent interjection
4 Z0 S7 j' o! o) W* T( }! z9 @ 172. Nonviolent obstruction4 J: h" e! u3 f% U) \
173. Nonviolent occupation
: D- Q, V; \9 A; y; l
' V, V2 C3 Z1 t. }5 QSocial Intervention
* m. T) d5 \6 c# ~/ N, C 174. Establishing new social patterns
0 N9 k8 S+ ~! t3 A 175. Overloading of facilities
9 Q7 I' |1 w. P8 ^/ E4 U 176. Stall-in- w) t( X* J! h1 b
177. Speak-in# g: u% F& F* r
178. Guerrilla theater
( ^* c0 Z1 b4 U) o 179. Alternative social institutions
& ^& h9 I' y* _# ]3 S9 K D! _ 180. Alternative communication system2 \7 O0 z% v$ L4 c2 I& p& m+ o
* b; h+ H4 i4 W6 i+ d8 c0 h; GEconomic Intervention
3 \' m3 C3 q# O' _8 R: X 181. Reverse strike( }5 }" u0 J- _% z* {" o4 e- t
182. Stay-in strike
+ S+ ^( |1 L3 K" { } 183. Nonviolent land seizure/ W- [4 [& Y# i6 |0 Z5 Z- u
184. Defiance of blockades
8 l, v9 A1 I3 B& m- [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- L# b! O- T( A! `8 E# |
186. Preclusive purchasing
% y2 X8 b: I0 h 187. Seizure of assets5 C0 \& I# ]" j. e8 w% U
188. Dumping ?8 f+ Z; Y" B" W8 b" X
189. Selective patronage6 k2 B1 m0 Z! E" @" A
190. Alternative markets
, n6 V T; c6 {5 H! \# g5 s 191. Alternative transportation systems
; @0 q: i9 o# w4 R! V9 L) s 192. Alternative economic institutions
% d: o& I0 r' n: {- \$ \$ R/ r
, e# u( a: n& S1 |. |Political Intervention7 p* ?5 s, R/ S$ U2 e6 }
193. Overloading of administrative systems
! [) ?% |3 H3 J6 V7 P' g$ w 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! e9 q6 h5 B4 X5 r- C. G1 m0 p
195. Seeking imprisonment
0 }. U( _4 K: Q& _* z5 u* A 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 M! j. M# @& W' E( ?$ n2 ^
197. Work-on without collaboration
" G, e3 r/ i# h& R( Q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
