 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, Y9 e$ B! U& M3 F v$ f" E
Formal Statements' [5 z( s8 Y- ]# y" d$ j6 R
1. Public Speeches
0 h* k+ i2 D t2 V7 z0 [$ v% ?9 ` 2. Letters of opposition or support
) W6 L7 L8 R4 ^! k 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions& H5 }; }+ m8 T+ O* j$ t2 O
4. Signed public statements
1 M( p2 U7 V( R6 }! X 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ M6 E, b" O# i1 T5 S 6. Group or mass petitions
( f9 Y6 e1 ^* i* O" t. J4 `8 z7 {0 d! V% n. c5 s
Communications with a Wider Audience8 P! p0 J& x3 }) Z$ _/ R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, _9 @* z r3 b" Q- v4 B
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 c r4 x2 O. R. U
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! s! X& `6 [, _$ L/ r% f$ n 10. Newspapers and journals5 W1 k, n+ _0 x
11. Records, radio, and television
( `% C2 G4 e/ `; d3 v" b+ Q4 G 12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ ^! e1 K/ X7 V1 o
8 x$ k2 e; D" ?; A9 W+ D" n! lGroup Representations
! z/ K: \6 k; d, Q 13. Deputations
8 G4 ` n! f% t; v% Z; W( b 14. Mock awards; A4 F z* D- ~0 Q4 c/ U: O1 k- J
15. Group lobbying* |7 Z% K8 d! ?/ h
16. Picketing# Q( H$ A" V3 h9 d# I( ] p
17. Mock elections( d3 ^& ?: L J3 b
8 J6 E& _- t) @5 FSymbolic Public Acts
7 e0 b! S) l1 `0 c+ J: F 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 V5 L# x. Y4 o" y+ \" Y
19. Wearing of symbols
9 W; A% b Q$ A) c( M- j: F 20. Prayer and worship
7 T/ y" E( w! M6 N1 w) i9 }) y1 L 21. Delivering symbolic objects N+ ^: |. Z* A2 `( z8 H7 e, |8 `
22. Protest disrobings
+ c2 }) M" {0 ^ 23. Destruction of own property
) R) `4 R' ]6 b6 L 24. Symbolic lights
U! l2 e8 f7 C. A4 q7 W$ ]7 j 25. Displays of portraits5 h8 w- I) O5 [( D
26. Paint as protest$ f3 l5 t3 J: T' J4 I% u
27. New signs and names
2 b0 u) v5 v% z; @7 a5 Q k 28. Symbolic sounds5 z. [. T0 K/ n& P2 F5 Y1 W
29. Symbolic reclamations
9 X! k% F( g3 Q9 p: ] 30. Rude gestures
. b# s4 z4 N0 ]) y; h1 }) p$ ^3 `7 I0 U# N# J
Pressures on Individuals
7 u6 b. v/ T2 j5 Q1 E+ P( ]) a4 o# M/ M& @ 31. “Haunting” officials I+ [# N3 G6 W, E
32. Taunting officials
H7 H9 B# D# ~8 Z 33. Fraternization
, c" _& Q4 ?2 ?- } 34. Vigils# C+ r' P8 U0 A/ q. V( H8 m" O/ ^
8 z5 g) ~& g( g% |8 d+ l
Drama and Music2 ?: Q q8 Y/ o2 t8 X/ X
35. Humorous skits and pranks
: |) k, m) T- Y& C% X6 ? 36. Performances of plays and music
6 \; G/ F& w ]: w" \* O8 Y 37. Singing V; @) i' ?, T& ~
+ X# j8 r) I$ N# ?& SProcessions
) J9 n$ V, F |, S2 _& x 38. Marches* {/ E: e' h0 T/ D2 @
39. Parades
+ {1 R, L% W7 M1 y3 m% P4 y U8 w 40. Religious processions
0 l% {) v- z- d& Z' H6 r3 X: T. j 41. Pilgrimages f# v+ R, b! R9 m& s: R
42. Motorcades9 v+ ~# [, h- {+ K' }* l
( z7 ~+ H: C5 w( t3 I& O4 b4 ?Honoring the Dead
. o% }3 y% X$ i- ]% q/ f4 d 43. Political mourning; ]) |8 L/ f9 B" ^& h$ l
44. Mock funerals
. S7 {. O2 p, T. [ 45. Demonstrative funerals
' G/ N9 e& I/ }5 U; G, q 46. Homage at burial places
/ N8 b% n% R9 f& w* r# D% J Q D. k: t# ]0 P6 {! v
Public Assemblies
! o7 Z, y, X" R2 D- i 47. Assemblies of protest or support2 A7 d3 H3 o+ N _8 k. b
48. Protest meetings
, S! P* i* i$ a2 _3 z p2 r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest, _% n$ s/ U. H
50. Teach-ins: u, f" f J: h1 y! ?! S, ~' ^# @
" p4 O$ I' N7 E0 w r
Withdrawal and Renunciation4 m4 O/ \% A" |' t6 m
51. Walk-outs7 g! Z X c- C% E- t
52. Silence3 c! p H3 {( D3 K3 j
53. Renouncing honors0 \0 S8 O; Q; h. X ^9 A o
54. Turning one’s back' F0 B$ i' i: G& m" k4 c$ T S" Y
) w& _( B. U- a5 |8 V
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: q1 {' N( ]7 b2 a. m, C7 H3 t1 w! |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
, d7 I. I% k: I; {, N, U3 v' _2 O: g# S2 ^8 r2 d) Y: ^0 P0 E
5 H! y' o" U& i* G
' Y( O& u, @5 s' |. e% A
Ostracism of Persons% }* y0 F" u* N% O/ z+ a
55. Social boycott
4 o/ O' M3 k# e! d3 c 56. Selective social boycott G, z$ X( F P
57. Lysistratic nonaction' q1 ?+ {3 _8 o. E, o+ t
58. Excommunication- M) n7 k7 v n0 V9 K a
59. Interdict
A" j" |) A- P! |& I
9 c% k' R' h0 b; `Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 \3 K8 w+ P% z% v2 J( l8 p 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; M9 W7 T) ]+ K6 } E 61. Boycott of social affairs' E8 @4 A: e* c3 k: b
62. Student strike" M' Z, J. M L ^
63. Social disobedience
# ~9 u3 {: r; i( m8 K3 A" P6 z6 @ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions* B4 i& i- y. B- G
9 D% a3 H& v1 tWithdrawal from the Social System" }" ?; n0 @' Q: n% h
65. Stay-at-home" j4 l. @" X; P2 H% ^ f S/ ?
66. Total personal noncooperation6 g- {, Z, ^8 Y) p% B* y
67. “Flight” of workers
' w" `# ? t$ k9 @/ k! b 68. Sanctuary" t1 o; ~" i4 t2 j
69. Collective disappearance$ _3 V- V8 ]# q! O: r4 @" C; q- g
70. Protest emigration (hijrat); \3 y! z* b$ Q! j! R1 ~
: X$ M( q% L6 J! E U
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 h" B+ a; _2 |
1 M; u6 }; f3 [( o* ^& _6 M
4 ?3 y. S% H2 s* {- b
Actions by Consumers
% c9 g% E) R. p 71. Consumers’ boycott! H9 N2 h4 p) \0 |, [! g
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ {8 Q' z& C4 C9 R 73. Policy of austerity
7 \1 S0 D* P0 `. P$ [* U 74. Rent withholding( {3 p/ b: i {& s
75. Refusal to rent
1 a8 G& m3 B& b 76. National consumers’ boycott
0 ]- s7 n! D8 H! ]2 M$ L4 ? 77. International consumers’ boycott2 i b0 }% Z' ?8 Y9 q- t9 a, y+ h* x
0 u( {) u+ F/ o8 PAction by Workers and Producers
# {- v! R: R8 k* ~ 78. Workmen’s boycott
9 i: X, B" Z, M$ n$ x 79. Producers’ boycott0 Y+ B: L. Z* S& Y
0 M* r8 P0 d" ?Action by Middlemen% t$ c/ `7 b2 D4 c6 o+ ]) e) y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 j, r- x- M; y: d/ ]7 `
! U6 W: E' i# _, N
Action by Owners and Management5 r$ g2 F2 X; \- z8 a: g; @
81. Traders’ boycott* y, A! M9 M3 I& a4 o, y* ~( L1 a
82. Refusal to let or sell property
( F0 `9 D2 ?' _ 83. Lockout, `( r) S# \( k U3 X3 C$ Z+ Q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 L4 a6 X0 t3 l4 n7 L; y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ z# \# c9 a* t! m, W( f3 A- }& R) R/ P* V6 p
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. C: ~* ^+ M: F 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* R B. `, J% r! ~0 p 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; [$ ^) k6 D# c3 |& Q8 b0 a2 W 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest D' ]1 }9 p- `0 @& Q
89. Severance of funds and credit
& \+ v* ^, q4 A$ c, u; ?9 N 90. Revenue refusal6 F0 K( { ?, B" [
91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 K3 K( U( S# s: z( p
" |: _1 ]. k% L( r2 G0 ^Action by Governments
3 |7 u/ y! q% }4 e( b- D 92. Domestic embargo
# B: k7 ~( O4 z 93. Blacklisting of traders2 ~) g T9 h' b
94. International sellers’ embargo
5 G" @1 C8 `! W( H1 q 95. International buyers’ embargo/ G) k6 b0 d; r: v1 X6 n# Y
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE/ H7 k# b% C" X/ C6 \& {
6 W+ H3 J9 A+ G
. f! X3 z, `" x: m5 ^. p! `Symbolic Strikes7 w; b6 ?3 w/ B( z0 q
97. Protest strike1 B% `4 \# e' f
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ j/ h9 G2 N: b' u- Y6 r! S7 D. `
Agricultural Strikes
7 o4 z6 M2 U$ q6 E, _# a! b 99. Peasant strike; M0 q& F, z; V( o* s% f- K
100. Farm Workers’ strike
9 }1 {0 d/ n- j" D9 D/ k+ N% K- u. g2 P% T7 @! ]) A
Strikes by Special Groups( x( v9 j& _9 J
101. Refusal of impressed labor. x9 f2 ?4 g L! e% K) B
102. Prisoners’ strike. ?3 H. O& x9 H& i+ X! \2 B
103. Craft strike) @1 r# {* T. e: I, C3 Q7 s
104. Professional strike1 l+ U/ z6 T. K; x3 s
% z* W& D4 B, U- jOrdinary Industrial Strikes
. W/ b$ H5 U8 I6 a9 r0 R 105. Establishment strike
* N' _ N; |1 a, K4 W 106. Industry strike9 Q( o* z0 F1 {, y& s) g. T
107. Sympathetic strike
. B) S" \" d% y$ Z9 H
+ x- H% r8 Y5 |: p! |1 J! yRestricted Strikes
7 P, o7 R4 c. y4 `- A& @; S4 j \ 108. Detailed strike Z1 b2 O8 x/ K/ I
109. Bumper strike
# E- g* {+ z) Q) j9 r" ~ 110. Slowdown strike
" J2 Q8 x' J9 c) A2 c+ q* A 111. Working-to-rule strike
/ z- y- f. I( b7 Z0 y$ ~ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), X6 V8 D/ v. q8 ?
113. Strike by resignation7 e/ @: D3 G4 y! I
114. Limited strike
# a- b7 s' Z+ s6 [ { 115. Selective strike, M8 v1 o8 d6 |" S
# ^1 } h7 \7 _+ \/ JMulti-Industry Strikes
( M+ N P% d, m! z; k3 ~/ I
" i3 x; e$ E- k0 Y/ X 116. Generalized strike
, m8 @2 h8 B9 p7 P0 I5 q( K) X! H# r; U
117. General strike
5 l' m+ K, D% ~
4 _4 c5 g4 V* XCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
: m# u+ _1 ~* t9 ]4 x$ E) W y# A1 i) |4 d! v
118. Hartal5 G1 X" V+ {9 X
! d* |2 e* J2 o
119. Economic shutdown/ Q! b4 w% R# f. p5 W6 _; m4 a1 |
9 ~$ B* e1 D9 F0 }3 i) C' K( w
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' C; n+ L$ W4 G4 G
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) `* ~! M9 Z ` f$ p ~! FRejection of Authority6 z) e. @ k/ ^- N1 S) k" a, A
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 E7 K$ x( D! }
121. Refusal of public support
/ d! V, P7 C( M* n 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ t0 y$ E/ Z1 d) N9 M
8 V# D/ L, t% m
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government, `7 [1 I6 k6 D8 H) R% T, J* A, ]
123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 j1 p+ C7 F5 g2 u' ^
124. Boycott of elections
6 G1 b+ U: \/ o7 A, Z& a/ g% R 125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 o4 p. m; p( W2 g' ~
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# C, V0 J" ~3 s9 E6 P+ O; X$ J4 M 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% \+ _3 s$ k g9 M! _
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: K9 p+ L# [6 \ g 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
o; ]& v/ l$ u+ V0 B 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 h. R1 J1 ]& A3 f
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 V4 R, L8 g/ k/ f1 G/ C# H* L 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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8 \1 R# _: d) J/ a7 x; nCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 @, n1 S0 Q$ {% b
133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 a. O5 M$ c! N1 k/ I
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ q2 l i1 R) q8 s
135. Popular nonobedience% ^7 G9 L4 m: f$ F0 }& b! w
136. Disguised disobedience7 i; n$ q- b4 O( ~' U
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 R& |1 _2 q3 S/ a+ p8 x
138. Sitdown% C) m# |9 y! s6 w+ r
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' O! T) L9 k9 U0 f/ I# T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 x I+ a( H" K7 e 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" v- B* `5 ?2 {- ^+ c
. F @7 e* u* s3 yAction by Government Personnel( k- @, ~, n5 @; V0 C
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 c3 \( Y" c/ p
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 r3 N. _+ \6 `6 {: A 144. Stalling and obstruction
# u. j; Z/ E7 k! }. N/ C 145. General administrative noncooperation! R q0 g* Z" }, S4 F
! [7 r# k0 P N 146. Judicial noncooperation
& f* C+ c: L! y1 b 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents. `9 K3 L* u8 [1 e
148. Mutiny& \ I8 ^1 Z% v E
Domestic Governmental Action
/ H3 `: i+ C. o5 e* _ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 D& u1 F1 Y8 a+ p N/ Q
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 g' b; K( A, q4 U+ b$ d
+ x5 v6 q- ?7 m Z: R d* ^
International Governmental Action
" P8 ^2 J E( i) C 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 ]" s' g/ h4 I( Y7 p 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ f5 P8 M% k: ^+ Y2 z# |
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. j3 [; I8 Z1 J: V2 P g+ F 154. Severance of diplomatic relations, s6 n$ P5 U# ?- l
155. Withdrawal from international organizations, t, K" |# `' ]2 _+ E
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, x. F1 l% Y* G
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION) `0 ?/ D9 I( [, g7 E+ L
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Psychological Intervention
5 m8 ^2 |' q$ o6 n$ W 158. Self-exposure to the elements
* W$ f/ M6 g. \ 159. The fast
9 e- w+ [/ R a a) Fast of moral pressure' d, w8 d6 i- q. s, u9 \6 \1 A" L
b) Hunger strike% @9 b" w6 D6 R, B# _
c) Satyagrahic fast/ }! s3 X8 x1 R7 b, `. n
160. Reverse trial% w' D( Z _* w' q& W; r R/ k
161. Nonviolent harassment
* C5 h: F" g% p% A9 |) L, I: e# p6 |8 ^8 r6 T: q0 M4 R
Physical Intervention
* `1 w& \7 Q2 l* C' e" ]4 u6 A8 @ 162. Sit-in
9 e, n4 A2 Q) j6 E5 y" G2 N: T& [ 163. Stand-in: S: M9 j9 Z7 x# L# h
164. Ride-in
6 V9 a8 L" u+ v% v7 _8 K 165. Wade-in3 T: l4 [" a+ D( a) y2 g+ I# ^5 q
166. Mill-in+ H$ L3 `% i- R% A
167. Pray-in3 I6 S# ~7 X: t) c4 t! R8 I7 T8 V
168. Nonviolent raids
( Y1 j! T$ q) Q+ ~3 l% @3 \ 169. Nonviolent air raids
$ H# R2 O5 }) `8 @ 170. Nonviolent invasion
' @, x8 \, Y* I2 Y6 {$ v/ c 171. Nonviolent interjection
( O _# p, |1 L7 R* l) K n 172. Nonviolent obstruction
, K4 c @# M. c2 ?% l7 S3 d 173. Nonviolent occupation2 s8 Q) N; k4 \9 l
( c1 f; p5 l( m+ Z
Social Intervention
7 f$ K- K& ]! ] 174. Establishing new social patterns+ q% n U+ |5 Q! \
175. Overloading of facilities( o; X& b' D( I7 Y
176. Stall-in
( E1 L1 K, |) E. L9 J* i 177. Speak-in
! T4 `0 X) O* u& w 178. Guerrilla theater5 r1 C H# a h
179. Alternative social institutions
2 B* r1 m# s! J, d& W. { 180. Alternative communication system/ E5 k l. d9 I* h4 r8 i. F) \
% [ S# j* r1 O9 AEconomic Intervention7 j8 o, i/ \7 e
181. Reverse strike
+ B0 @, \ B9 G, H, U8 }! j6 A/ l w5 }4 h0 K 182. Stay-in strike
3 T* G; x. P8 ?! w( d 183. Nonviolent land seizure
# R: a- h2 S6 _ 184. Defiance of blockades
6 {. i) c! t- |3 {3 R8 { 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 Q, [, u5 y6 e0 \6 \* B
186. Preclusive purchasing3 @: z) _2 }! t1 H
187. Seizure of assets
: L" m$ e6 ~3 j" H 188. Dumping2 f: U* T3 R& R& Z' E% c8 r( V6 a
189. Selective patronage( |' i s7 y% w
190. Alternative markets4 w1 m4 w: S7 ]3 ?
191. Alternative transportation systems
% r5 _4 I+ S) V9 G6 v 192. Alternative economic institutions
& L" `5 {' `' v) ~7 p4 G& J) G! y* Q. I- y+ R* M8 X ^4 d
Political Intervention
. v: H+ M7 X" ]2 M0 \ 193. Overloading of administrative systems+ q) K! A8 Z) f; ^6 {
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 Y) _2 H$ @* q" S- F0 m- X4 N 195. Seeking imprisonment
- p. |9 m, {& t! J 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, b# z. r$ V- `' p/ ?- f" I 197. Work-on without collaboration
9 Q: V' [, @0 o/ B6 s 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government& u2 M. \$ q1 {6 ~. F0 A: h5 g
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
