 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION4 c( ^: O) R; u; v3 w* i
Formal Statements
9 H$ H+ p& V! K7 T6 i6 h 1. Public Speeches. t! x# i" s2 M7 n6 h
2. Letters of opposition or support
0 A2 |# r! n6 {- |6 a2 |2 s, z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: S: Q$ m5 f$ |4 I, Q( ?5 K 4. Signed public statements
' l0 ^* V4 E/ l7 j: B9 I# P: X9 w 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 ^; c% [5 j' a5 _- } 6. Group or mass petitions% U; Y" g2 o! O
6 U9 Z8 ?+ ~$ z/ s3 b/ e6 l" K
Communications with a Wider Audience _: c0 T. e& @
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: L" f' L' i5 X/ s8 J" [3 C% X 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 _$ \1 Y% m9 n+ P& b2 l/ q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* V/ x4 n% w* M+ W+ ?- v 10. Newspapers and journals
% c9 k- ?% R* Q7 z ^( K 11. Records, radio, and television
! ?# a3 G9 G# k: v$ ~2 B1 U 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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- O. `- ~( B/ v" lGroup Representations$ u$ t# D+ J& r) U, h
13. Deputations
8 X+ Z, ?$ Y1 Q9 w# a, {) \ 14. Mock awards
) {/ U" {4 y; Y% C# N 15. Group lobbying1 {4 {! B5 x' |3 v B7 L1 u7 W9 D
16. Picketing
" \# P. s$ A! s/ G 17. Mock elections+ d6 J# e+ g' U4 \( [& T/ q2 t# C
0 v: t) X/ ^; S; V- fSymbolic Public Acts
' ?9 u! E4 M6 h9 m+ n# x 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# H3 y' l% `' ?( x7 j, ?4 u: i 19. Wearing of symbols0 e, `/ |' B% O2 e+ n: S
20. Prayer and worship
! D8 X/ d1 E1 I% o 21. Delivering symbolic objects6 ~2 j! f% K% G( d5 _# B
22. Protest disrobings. C( j9 A% x( N) ~/ B
23. Destruction of own property
% k' t; _0 e B* `2 b 24. Symbolic lights7 V. c5 H3 w! Z8 e" \5 w
25. Displays of portraits4 a# I3 q4 o) ^- a6 e3 Q5 K- p5 D
26. Paint as protest
) H8 o+ e+ X2 G% ] \. y( P 27. New signs and names
* N5 E! u3 W; n2 j9 r& H3 R 28. Symbolic sounds! ]7 @5 q/ q( |8 N( N, \
29. Symbolic reclamations
& V+ s8 m: Z5 E& P$ ] 30. Rude gestures
, X. f2 s& @7 K+ g+ _* U6 h: {5 U7 \) ^" M+ U7 g( c
Pressures on Individuals
4 V5 z9 q4 C- F" E0 y) d) F/ R 31. “Haunting” officials" X0 V6 @9 O( t( \7 b" G
32. Taunting officials& l) y( S* y" h( g
33. Fraternization1 j x$ i3 S# Y* a5 i& C |/ G
34. Vigils: F$ Y" ^; O* R! G5 a/ E! ]4 j) _
5 q9 c; p0 ]5 i5 c
Drama and Music
! T7 V- J+ Q! @+ U9 q5 _ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ X Y/ p. k8 c 36. Performances of plays and music0 F$ C0 v9 u# l0 _
37. Singing
2 r7 R* u0 G5 y A* T6 R
' ~9 Q% Y" J9 a3 u- S5 I' m' LProcessions
8 B9 P+ |6 v' d: h 38. Marches
( [# n8 t- O9 ~) Q; y6 ] 39. Parades: N% z3 }* {' V0 q% c' p2 B0 G9 J
40. Religious processions, l0 I0 H7 [, o* Q
41. Pilgrimages% n$ k4 [6 p7 M
42. Motorcades% }: v# l/ w5 p' K2 B+ n( s& }1 D
" V1 v' M7 }- A- u. ^, YHonoring the Dead3 T2 G: L+ {) N2 J8 |
43. Political mourning
7 k4 p5 v) l. T 44. Mock funerals
+ Z F4 c9 B) ~# u( \ @% r- X- ~" ` 45. Demonstrative funerals
( F0 U. B5 j R6 P2 f 46. Homage at burial places- s2 _1 g" u; l3 F1 N7 P7 F; h0 I8 W
1 x" P' u4 o9 M% y h+ C+ \% L
Public Assemblies) f! g! P& B1 W0 P
47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ l: P! Q, G9 M( u 48. Protest meetings6 y/ b1 N7 ]+ {9 p
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" j3 z, b8 r. t% A6 J6 @, T0 k 50. Teach-ins
' r7 t/ }3 ]6 \$ q2 y; M |! |. G$ |. ^0 n
Withdrawal and Renunciation
, G) ?7 z3 j. H& N8 H* ?' D+ e" W; l/ D 51. Walk-outs
# q; t8 P2 @+ f' p% z9 W* M 52. Silence
5 Y0 k' v; l J4 L% { 53. Renouncing honors
" i! U& c& x0 y) n/ j+ t 54. Turning one’s back
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9 c, c4 x$ G" i; v! v& o 6 k6 I8 M8 M' ]; j+ g9 s" A
4 J& q* i5 \+ `' u- c( KTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& y6 C0 q: P$ o
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Ostracism of Persons
1 [+ c9 j0 V' X3 `) s1 n4 s1 t 55. Social boycott
- g8 K# E5 q- ?" S0 l1 v' g- a 56. Selective social boycott. H, M. w; Z5 |1 I7 G: l4 `
57. Lysistratic nonaction$ o, D( c9 _# z9 ^% [
58. Excommunication
, Z7 k" I3 ]- x* | 59. Interdict
7 p( @. v+ Q3 ]" q# Z- d+ ~6 t Z7 R# D
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
Q- R; D8 ] j2 l# B2 U2 B 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 N6 Z' C: y' `+ [) V 61. Boycott of social affairs
9 K0 S4 I) @5 n! T# {! m) A 62. Student strike
" [4 x9 j/ z( `: w 63. Social disobedience/ {$ V. V2 V* n% `5 e
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& {7 X$ c: `3 l( n3 Y- r( [$ E
* S9 t% U- L, i" T, P/ ~Withdrawal from the Social System6 J. ^3 f2 m4 {. Q1 L# e
65. Stay-at-home1 L- {2 E; k( i0 s
66. Total personal noncooperation
% [# Y: l; L0 e+ r( P 67. “Flight” of workers
- X2 A2 q4 x7 s2 a; E 68. Sanctuary
/ _8 I8 J K$ m9 v, v2 V 69. Collective disappearance
b( q3 V. `& | K) @- G 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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5 e" g, [9 W$ p/ Y, eTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS) K6 Q7 b) m. W- ~+ Z- U& L3 j
# A2 d3 k/ q" p; j3 ~
: x! W7 p" ?; l, d$ t$ mActions by Consumers
, R' N0 N, a* q& S 71. Consumers’ boycott
/ W7 `) k, Z- I* x8 q2 B7 {( U1 f 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# e" d( o2 l3 a8 e 73. Policy of austerity
- ~" ^% o" K) [6 J 74. Rent withholding
' f: q- g8 }+ C# ]/ a# n- E 75. Refusal to rent
- `: H: y y |" T+ N 76. National consumers’ boycott
8 B4 b* F8 y/ i6 G8 \ 77. International consumers’ boycott( h; y9 H# E# n e. X
$ T! r" E9 ~# l" v, E% y+ pAction by Workers and Producers
* ?; f' R# H; q7 l6 [ 78. Workmen’s boycott+ x2 ~ X( T4 O
79. Producers’ boycott/ q* B8 D5 w3 g" A7 u+ Y9 I0 o( U
3 M: X& |4 L6 N/ |% rAction by Middlemen
) n; }# w4 c/ ?3 q X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 X3 @$ _# q& j7 Y5 t) O, L; A2 V' ~% ^- G' @4 o& {
Action by Owners and Management" `# L' w9 B. J, S: n* K1 l
81. Traders’ boycott
& _9 z$ v0 V" u 82. Refusal to let or sell property6 _9 _! E# w' o/ g( ?, w" g
83. Lockout1 N5 ^+ P6 |5 @. Z" h5 S D$ e4 J
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, n3 c* A# C$ [ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 J' L0 S. S/ w$ Z t4 f! L* U( ?) o$ Z. w4 m
Action by Holders of Financial Resources9 S9 D5 k8 n) B+ O
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ [! U2 |" P8 D3 N Z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 _! I* ` i- W# x+ K
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 O% H+ e/ G# ]* l 89. Severance of funds and credit
* p* j) S ]( L* ~3 f% A$ G% V# z 90. Revenue refusal
% V6 _9 R8 M# T* L1 q2 {" ` 91. Refusal of a government’s money, M' [" _* h2 w: j: ~4 @% U. B& a2 J
% E$ T- Z; A4 G
Action by Governments. [3 m# ~$ Z% A7 O+ X4 [+ r
92. Domestic embargo
" @/ e6 ]9 Q+ y( W& c y& Q 93. Blacklisting of traders1 a: O- @0 }$ y2 V4 i. x3 I
94. International sellers’ embargo
# M. q- v% v. N W 95. International buyers’ embargo# Y. A- }5 [7 X8 h9 o
96. International trade embargo" G$ w, j2 x- d' J$ `9 V
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0 U4 ]! [3 m% _4 fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
: a2 M0 c& J" m& q 97. Protest strike& V" r7 W- [6 g7 P+ p1 l, Q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! k, B+ ~, Z2 \/ Y7 w
# B: w1 F# W- I- ] t$ r, B2 {
Agricultural Strikes
# F" i1 N3 t7 [ 99. Peasant strike7 Y$ Z! \- q7 a0 V% N P/ Q/ U2 L
100. Farm Workers’ strike
. d) D" T g% O( a
& O7 \" @6 C0 |8 B' j+ eStrikes by Special Groups
# V$ u: i) ^2 H 101. Refusal of impressed labor
: |. Z' V4 U# H& F( C 102. Prisoners’ strike
/ d( J/ e8 z+ H0 [ 103. Craft strike9 a$ a1 }0 ~: R$ f
104. Professional strike
% P& X! Y' J0 \4 u m+ m& ?) c3 }( t$ E# [. O7 p9 S! @
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
% o: w$ o9 `( p5 N 105. Establishment strike) E8 `. o3 M9 }" ]9 K. f4 V1 A
106. Industry strike
' B. q: W/ }, P, ?0 v 107. Sympathetic strike$ s3 t- |: e6 z
: g7 y, o+ j# B) { a6 rRestricted Strikes
4 c3 o* H* |( X' o 108. Detailed strike8 ^, T% F/ F' P: x, Y$ M9 O
109. Bumper strike4 B; C4 u% h8 w5 V, z; _$ ~
110. Slowdown strike3 ~" h; w, h+ U3 y8 j7 S
111. Working-to-rule strike
$ F8 h e! }# I m. M/ {+ K 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" L+ c" Z9 q( P
113. Strike by resignation0 @8 \0 D' n: m8 h, @# v
114. Limited strike5 l* y9 S* r3 M" E/ M% y5 N, V
115. Selective strike
, ]) @9 C4 Q- O( ^3 H% q
9 S' @: w; N5 o! y- |, s6 wMulti-Industry Strikes
" x1 u2 W/ {1 H) U1 X1 j3 H. x+ d2 U
116. Generalized strike
" A$ ^. |0 _$ _5 t# z! P/ j) g& K. D S6 M2 o; C, z; z2 ~9 \: i
117. General strike0 ]* _; V- Q( A% _
|5 @3 Y2 Z. l6 J% mCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures! B3 {) |9 m1 a8 ~( `
7 P8 X6 T) Q: a, c& N 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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8 F4 r' X- D1 o) k* yTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority+ i0 P! W* W* O: K+ P# j8 \6 ^
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance! z% P0 d; T7 k- \
121. Refusal of public support
. O" `/ Z+ {' D' R$ ? 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
# E* u' ?' R% H. [& |
: b- x( j' f& s- [( V$ v0 G9 GCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
5 p2 ~% w/ H2 y# C: }: W* e 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ |* d, b: I! T: N$ i) c1 | 124. Boycott of elections* A1 Q! F& d9 q _$ O* A, h
125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 c1 h; F7 @2 k# Z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" s" i5 ?3 w9 X8 c' o5 m 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* `/ T( Q$ o! ?4 U4 l6 T7 p 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations* O6 K1 Y% X& B+ |( G2 Y% A$ C
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 o" W' f6 ~1 N
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 c9 i g6 Y* t! q w6 A
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* r$ X0 ?4 ? b) b5 ]) J; A
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ ]0 o8 _$ Z# }9 q8 q9 _* v* C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# p1 `; V6 A) j% A
133. Reluctant and slow compliance; D8 ^+ C( S7 E6 Z) Q. a4 w
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
, x9 O, b& x# |' X+ u, }# H3 { 135. Popular nonobedience
7 E) y; s0 `/ s 136. Disguised disobedience+ O* y% U, L9 z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 Z0 D. ^& A$ c+ L* w2 `
138. Sitdown) p* x/ {8 \! U3 Q: x$ q5 W, \+ `
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation( [' l3 `8 f) E- h5 t$ e$ F
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' M/ H: |) O7 o2 ~ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws E( Q/ Y Y! o4 Q
; l5 p; L! A: V* i
Action by Government Personnel: _- W$ E3 n/ W/ T+ r
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ A2 w4 q; v+ L% w2 S7 q 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& W4 m* H7 n" d8 N6 G 144. Stalling and obstruction
' B* E4 n3 e! t7 W% f 145. General administrative noncooperation# t8 f; e1 l1 J9 n, [
" a! ]* s8 W" j b
146. Judicial noncooperation0 c2 A4 X! t/ W! R
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, z5 W" W0 K. l# P8 U F) e 148. Mutiny
! W" F- a: u) M, V. t! \ zDomestic Governmental Action
/ @3 \7 N9 Q& x8 e: \ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& v; ]2 b$ |: u& O" e2 `8 B c2 G7 g& } 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. h8 o" \% F2 t- q7 f
; F( Q9 |' D" @9 z. NInternational Governmental Action( _+ `8 w& o+ k9 k, _$ B
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( ^# Y: J0 P; m1 K j8 ^ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* C7 b3 O3 C' H5 |; ? 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
{2 X; {( D5 q V4 h) x 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 w, O) M" b2 c. C( P8 v 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 w/ A1 ?% k E0 t0 d
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 f9 D; M D# C. s& V9 r
157. Expulsion from international organizations3 s8 } M- M5 m) W; H
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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" w, U! K% U" [) c. E* LPsychological Intervention) S. S' x: ], M: D+ v7 k+ q- X
158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 {, ^4 S% x; S" O$ C9 S) B 159. The fast
: `. i2 S( b! R7 n* \ a) Fast of moral pressure
4 }: w( | N" w- Y. u% T* j' ~ b) Hunger strike
; \! s* E7 Z" o( E9 `# j7 b( h c) Satyagrahic fast
' c6 d6 \2 T2 W) p K I+ o7 i0 `& | 160. Reverse trial, C8 g) v- a2 N4 S$ W% i
161. Nonviolent harassment
! n( y4 Q# ^2 X" e/ O6 _5 n9 [/ ?* B9 V5 _8 a
Physical Intervention4 R6 {2 q$ \0 F7 B# U
162. Sit-in
, ^ w! @3 H1 G6 R# g 163. Stand-in
! q: Y6 P* b) J4 G/ Z 164. Ride-in
3 K" P; S4 q" s3 v& ~% q/ e: k, P 165. Wade-in( l/ z- m1 `6 U. Q
166. Mill-in
8 i0 E( j [1 Q 167. Pray-in1 Y) D5 w. O8 y" X9 Y) H" i3 F
168. Nonviolent raids
5 K1 y; X0 V$ C5 G, u 169. Nonviolent air raids( @1 Y. f: `$ o' x
170. Nonviolent invasion
! e0 X" ?# N/ L3 A 171. Nonviolent interjection
! l5 [3 @8 s) S6 V 172. Nonviolent obstruction
- r! S- N/ ]" a: s' d 173. Nonviolent occupation
# G ?5 A# h& r+ \$ B: ? o8 O
8 g) I. h, {& hSocial Intervention* h5 }1 \0 M3 f
174. Establishing new social patterns, [5 R3 S. g8 g1 U
175. Overloading of facilities K! |) S! T, u' L/ m& q0 S
176. Stall-in7 m4 M& O' F& |" |: u1 C! ?' u$ v
177. Speak-in
, C; p4 a" {3 l0 o) O 178. Guerrilla theater
# m" {4 h- ]' N. r 179. Alternative social institutions: T7 C; o1 G C' Y
180. Alternative communication system
% W, d, W& b, c5 ?0 o
' t7 Z. ?9 D. t' g1 X5 X, M& O# p; NEconomic Intervention
, j/ s, d8 X. ~5 L 181. Reverse strike, @) q% y! r( j: L$ @7 u
182. Stay-in strike4 o, _ Y' J6 Y" q7 L9 S* e
183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 _8 l4 `2 j4 m! ^5 m 184. Defiance of blockades5 ]* p, X9 {' M; d
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( i! L- T/ @0 R9 U 186. Preclusive purchasing
* [* A% Q1 B/ M5 K/ R 187. Seizure of assets
: F8 f) B, |9 @- y4 v/ a 188. Dumping
8 w" i, w3 \" g! Q4 `8 r% T6 x5 N 189. Selective patronage
! a8 V z5 z1 b 190. Alternative markets" a2 J E& [" r& d! \: B
191. Alternative transportation systems) ~. l2 v! X" @2 v/ A: g! b( M
192. Alternative economic institutions
1 Q, C2 {3 P( t/ W+ g8 e, @! B9 f3 m, s' t! j# |
Political Intervention
G3 t. x0 W, }% j: `6 I 193. Overloading of administrative systems5 V4 F; n! a! m8 ?
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 R: W' ~& E, q7 P9 v5 C [ 195. Seeking imprisonment
# {- b& {; u8 N8 @( z$ j( o7 ~( R 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws: t! S: W* N4 y0 ^. V
197. Work-on without collaboration9 x( W5 ^) U+ Q/ b
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' [% R+ K( T; n/ A& P+ w- ~. I
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
