 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* E" L8 a: _" X2 @+ IFormal Statements2 m0 _) X4 I3 z$ E4 g6 }0 F
1. Public Speeches
( A/ v& y* u3 a) ^1 d( x4 ` 2. Letters of opposition or support
8 [! k% ~2 R9 t* p) T$ z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 _# y2 L! x! |# e
4. Signed public statements7 Z' c8 r' ]; q, K! ~8 t) Z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention* Q- n" D* B9 X
6. Group or mass petitions( ]& [+ O9 w( S* p
% z A4 T6 {: T: z+ {
Communications with a Wider Audience2 H+ [' Y$ |. S# s. Y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. g) {$ X; s# k8 e' `( Q1 D
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 @, h e6 u) v) H 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 b8 B# m3 ]6 b8 O1 q! L9 b
10. Newspapers and journals- r) D5 L3 q, c* `2 j
11. Records, radio, and television
$ b7 ~9 ]9 {1 E/ @4 g 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 t; n2 ]8 x N
# n$ N) S7 _" Z$ P* VGroup Representations
0 W5 |- L4 n, j3 l: F) N5 t. d8 U, S 13. Deputations: L2 g) X" i) U" K2 W# x
14. Mock awards
/ @* r3 U' o7 N6 |+ _ 15. Group lobbying
+ ?0 G. I* i9 X# s: ]( | 16. Picketing. \) [4 a) @2 x0 U3 r: ]5 k6 ?
17. Mock elections- O% y' ?* Y3 F
( }1 ~* g0 t9 C8 QSymbolic Public Acts4 P M4 t' I. a2 O" u
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 u- F+ @. k$ l. D/ j; V1 N4 x
19. Wearing of symbols/ ]6 z! @* J9 M. }9 i. j% R
20. Prayer and worship H7 x7 C% w3 C+ E @- m; Y9 Q
21. Delivering symbolic objects' Z3 n; W0 ?7 n" p3 ^
22. Protest disrobings
- Y- M5 W" \ S! @ 23. Destruction of own property
, A9 W5 V1 H2 \' Y6 v0 Q# L/ C; e8 _ 24. Symbolic lights
9 a! V$ E* n& p& g 25. Displays of portraits: z G& N6 L* V" {3 E
26. Paint as protest
) v. s7 a0 Y5 C 27. New signs and names6 f" W; t! E; I. ?3 y' D+ p
28. Symbolic sounds
$ y z( l; f! z/ s7 Z+ C 29. Symbolic reclamations
! d% @0 E, y/ ^) i! v! ] 30. Rude gestures8 S/ T! h p% x1 _
! J, D1 p: t; `( k; YPressures on Individuals
! A! o: X' S! Y3 y 31. “Haunting” officials
2 k! Y- S/ z( B 32. Taunting officials. V6 V: c% t& t! D" N
33. Fraternization# N1 ~5 ^( n: h' ~% E+ b, ^
34. Vigils
/ [3 \8 T( `8 J1 j
) ^. a5 ^7 y1 M; l1 U+ BDrama and Music
: S9 I F- y [' _ }' _ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ o7 @" o4 k* u Y5 v% S* u 36. Performances of plays and music9 R% T, G! ?; B# X* t
37. Singing
( Z" q4 b. t# i7 v& z6 j: }) x: K- m4 D1 A
Processions; O% n6 x, x5 {4 I' x
38. Marches7 a2 R+ R4 F9 d# v e$ F
39. Parades
" V8 }; J7 H# Q: T& E 40. Religious processions
+ J% X" o: O |+ `' _# O 41. Pilgrimages+ ?4 u: T6 b6 {7 N# Z' V/ @
42. Motorcades
( t& O* K7 Y7 |7 h
8 l8 s/ e+ w: X' \4 d6 h6 `Honoring the Dead9 h* u. ~) a' t! X- h' f
43. Political mourning6 k# U* w- {: L% \6 J
44. Mock funerals
8 T( v: o. o; F6 v" { 45. Demonstrative funerals
: A4 I; c3 i W( M, N 46. Homage at burial places/ [+ @5 L: O2 }
. v2 w+ \' g/ Z
Public Assemblies. ? \; O% ?% z# e
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 ?* \/ T) y" B; n 48. Protest meetings
( A# `- _: \9 ` 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! B/ z* a2 ?. Z1 ? 50. Teach-ins
; U" y3 G) n8 l8 p" X! H4 E
9 ~$ f! C$ [( z8 u; QWithdrawal and Renunciation' F4 k( t' G7 V( S5 P8 `) H
51. Walk-outs
' d: ~/ z! u8 f9 [$ s 52. Silence
# S6 z1 @4 n; k' R; F. i/ z. U 53. Renouncing honors
" [) h: H R8 v/ ? 54. Turning one’s back/ z3 `, U: M; i2 K8 ]' ~
& L9 p y+ n6 r' u3 G
8 P% ]- j' C! ]' t+ Q
$ h3 X' S# z7 x+ v) V6 f6 ETHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
3 W) v6 f6 g8 i" n$ ~
/ O8 h+ y U+ ~' C* { ( q' [# t, P. E* O2 \9 G
4 |3 M" L# U/ F3 N
Ostracism of Persons; {4 o! p7 Z5 M. A/ u0 f" A
55. Social boycott/ v B8 v; P- x- Z9 S5 P0 w
56. Selective social boycott% h5 V# Q) w8 q$ p9 |
57. Lysistratic nonaction' ]/ G* r( L, c+ B
58. Excommunication+ \( }& K1 i( \
59. Interdict
$ [& c, h9 b5 ^% e; ^9 u
* U9 {0 c U7 F' bNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 I. C$ v$ b5 |3 F; L2 n& w2 p 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ I$ b. z- y8 b 61. Boycott of social affairs
7 N0 u' u: B: L( f 62. Student strike; C" D: p5 g5 \7 P- ~% v
63. Social disobedience. u$ H+ E% c. z7 J
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
f' _8 O( o8 Y
7 X: p# N; `, n% l# FWithdrawal from the Social System" g8 I, G, @% w, ?
65. Stay-at-home
+ _" {, y# s3 `6 V. H: B 66. Total personal noncooperation+ N2 y# V1 V3 P" v1 f0 s; d
67. “Flight” of workers G& E3 j. L/ _; J
68. Sanctuary7 |* q% f% J3 f" X0 `
69. Collective disappearance/ g: _3 n0 `! W' V) I
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 Y, n+ @- R: Z% x7 G5 v
) V7 r; E: \* d$ t7 p; ~ ! a% L" E/ |, O$ m6 K4 g, ?
9 L8 h) Y) e- i. u: F& Q( j% V' bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
8 {* u) x" y a$ ^4 \
9 }3 G( f8 ~- t$ ]' K: W" q
& o% S* o# w* E" |' U/ p" B, eActions by Consumers$ ]/ I- h1 v* l9 e' q
71. Consumers’ boycott
3 x7 _# H+ \' e/ O 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 d7 j' [- y6 M
73. Policy of austerity
$ H& W6 `# \$ k0 Y! a8 w7 W 74. Rent withholding
% v% w. V5 |: K 75. Refusal to rent
- v' ~* ?9 f. Y0 W! t 76. National consumers’ boycott" e! z9 I% _+ E+ k: t
77. International consumers’ boycott1 r8 x' Y. c _; A2 z
" X3 {$ Y+ H/ z" D4 e
Action by Workers and Producers
0 c& D. b8 T& v' Q& K z- f 78. Workmen’s boycott3 c7 }$ q" i9 z; f+ { Z7 p
79. Producers’ boycott
8 {$ `* j7 E: {- Y3 q$ w, U, J+ ?
! i2 O5 T; \5 r5 T5 W: ]: O; @7 NAction by Middlemen; J! h* r2 C' [* C: T7 V# w) M0 B
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 @6 z% ? y n5 |) o8 i
$ u1 q: }' B, @" ?; f/ l, Q$ yAction by Owners and Management
+ ]7 ?# t1 k) H9 p" {; Y ` 81. Traders’ boycott: s4 j0 E; V, Y$ S
82. Refusal to let or sell property! @. `4 g* N6 w# |8 j- n+ P
83. Lockout
1 }9 ?5 a4 @ X8 P8 _8 K 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
z q& y+ d- O" z 85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 T1 y- I0 ^: z8 t. \& w
* J0 p$ y5 Y' X' J( i! J# C' OAction by Holders of Financial Resources
. d9 U! h0 J9 W- U8 m0 E 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 k. X1 o' K+ h 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% N" f* X. L+ U& \* R0 W$ A& _
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 _8 |8 f# S/ \& A7 ~: ~' M' K 89. Severance of funds and credit
% i- {/ D$ G% O3 z2 M: z( \ 90. Revenue refusal
7 K, @7 c4 H' V8 T" e 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 V; q1 k5 `1 L7 H' U% o+ j! ~
$ v) l9 U9 _) h% l/ h
Action by Governments' m+ t' ?: z2 _5 a$ Q
92. Domestic embargo4 q# X0 C1 n5 i8 {! `" d- N: g
93. Blacklisting of traders
9 d& c( X0 b3 @& m 94. International sellers’ embargo* e) }# G) D! j/ y6 N& _% Y7 [% J0 H
95. International buyers’ embargo/ B+ c% r3 o" V* f# S* V8 d# D
96. International trade embargo
6 j; m; W O* Q! F( n1 E s
5 [1 T/ u! E/ r) T8 Y; u# u
; c( w" t4 z& }0 Z' ?6 c. h
8 M- {7 r+ `' i8 `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
' ~1 }1 L; J, E# t* K3 S. O% t/ C. C g- q4 o
$ p% Y( {- ]) O3 L9 C
Symbolic Strikes
& a( t, U* Q4 r3 W9 O 97. Protest strike8 ~, ^7 }. g% Z( G* { g7 H
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
4 `( ^( O1 K* B7 k K3 U! @* r
# z8 m* |+ {7 f) @& p+ zAgricultural Strikes( _' a, n' J3 K6 w0 D0 s6 }
99. Peasant strike
3 y: Q9 J. L6 B* {* M 100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ s8 g5 D7 i4 E7 l7 x
4 @9 K! M6 |9 qStrikes by Special Groups
* N9 E: ?' K4 A3 W' I 101. Refusal of impressed labor1 r0 k6 n1 }- D" [' C: b
102. Prisoners’ strike; N0 }* ~" l( w3 ]
103. Craft strike
- c9 _' s5 s- S$ ^% w: h4 R0 A 104. Professional strike, f# L( T: K9 P# l3 G
9 N5 v' E+ v( @+ MOrdinary Industrial Strikes4 ~. \7 F# {6 S; i( z8 S0 Z- E
105. Establishment strike
- i: `. ]% F. E8 p1 M" r 106. Industry strike- K% c+ r) b8 b
107. Sympathetic strike
0 C7 W [2 m7 V0 A& X8 G
$ P( }' ~( Z% _- RRestricted Strikes. W7 m. l# ^5 G
108. Detailed strike
, K% [* k# Y# C6 P 109. Bumper strike
) N4 p: z9 a d' U: t1 B' v: v 110. Slowdown strike
. I# F3 H! o( Z# ?# C- ?! z 111. Working-to-rule strike
3 Z8 E. F! o0 m5 t1 ?9 H Z- x 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
! H; O2 O3 _1 z 113. Strike by resignation
0 f& X ^3 k. i% e { 114. Limited strike3 I& {0 R) } D! u- T
115. Selective strike3 c( _5 G% B. F8 W: F% k, }
% G% R \% Q! {6 N+ AMulti-Industry Strikes
. X1 B+ P+ i) c. T8 ]) o" }8 h& ~2 Z U/ z: A2 h) m
116. Generalized strike, z" J" A* k. W! B5 ?0 [% b K
& p3 A" r: v8 _% S* ^4 ?- R 117. General strike7 z$ E9 r# P6 X6 v+ _2 K
& y3 w5 u$ O, e9 v: T. ~! T( j
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ ~, q" M# q6 Q' F4 P& P1 }5 ?+ r% [! W1 O4 I/ Q. \
118. Hartal- `3 D1 d; ^9 A r, s" t Q
+ W+ v! [) S+ V# H$ Y/ k6 x
119. Economic shutdown6 d2 @ m9 N% p' a! b4 m
8 v5 o5 L$ h: i! ~, x7 z W
; S$ I$ Z: Q1 j$ e" N: y5 X" d! k8 S: a# Y; ] ^+ j {
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 W; @6 j$ L, b2 _8 Z
% h4 Y/ t* r9 D, ]' P4 v( ?
! {, Z& g. I/ D' H: P. j0 U2 ?Rejection of Authority
; I- k' K3 A, M* Z 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 C- M; [9 k3 \) n 121. Refusal of public support0 _; `' U" r4 V! l- s* V* f' s Z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ o" P, u! `) ?: r
5 Z, S# J1 |6 U. n0 B
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government) T5 g% x+ K5 u' U
123. Boycott of legislative bodies% e+ X+ n0 L& l% A0 f: [: s
124. Boycott of elections- O; O5 Y+ S8 B) r
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 Q# i$ w6 {" O/ ` C0 _( Q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 A* Z0 V1 {1 v# W
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
/ L, |) E5 Z' p' }; K( @ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- q. w% n( U: r: C* h. j( h' v 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ D, j! X9 _: a# |5 P, c# f
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! u2 o3 s* o$ J, z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. M6 }1 l# P, i3 x. b4 K: o d 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ Q" E3 x# v _- J* p0 P
' M" a+ L f" L/ D' Y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 e% I% N" U6 ]8 E& p6 d, l 133. Reluctant and slow compliance; N8 K* |7 u2 ]. ?! A" s
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ |* M+ `# C: w+ A; M+ H0 d 135. Popular nonobedience
6 b* k7 [6 j1 u+ L4 ~; y3 E7 @- M 136. Disguised disobedience
# ], C/ x, p- H0 `; q 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse* d1 ]# i6 ~4 g5 a {4 r
138. Sitdown3 J* {8 Z- D. I) l
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 V8 A# s% {+ k) G% P5 b
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; T4 A3 e7 i" X, D# L7 U
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 j7 o& y% a. a
- c4 [ D; e/ rAction by Government Personnel
7 `+ J. K& s# L) [' i( o0 _: F 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 m9 Q3 P7 @' \; m' l
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
3 ?) I, c' |, w' ~, ~ 144. Stalling and obstruction
; |# k5 ]1 n5 M5 Z6 Q2 O# R3 {% d 145. General administrative noncooperation
1 ?7 Y5 r6 ^( O- e/ i# l- h$ ]" Z' \* l/ ~1 Y
146. Judicial noncooperation: n# O5 x0 b/ f0 X' a( I4 Y9 ^- r
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, ~$ y$ X, B0 \0 i' R 148. Mutiny5 d c' D5 S* H. G+ b% C4 g# O
Domestic Governmental Action7 X1 I) r( U' _8 Q. ~/ G
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) U1 A. ?' Z* G5 X
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
W' B" Y6 @( N$ g6 j" O/ q6 w! n% B! t+ t8 p
International Governmental Action+ H8 T, q2 w& k0 b/ v
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& d& O0 J! V5 o
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% Q: q. {0 g, }' l 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 _# E6 |4 M$ a7 X7 J4 h8 I 154. Severance of diplomatic relations% r8 |) {3 |) e2 N' @+ b- c# [
155. Withdrawal from international organizations; q1 ]: @$ v8 T. f$ \- j
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' ~. l/ s# q( j6 b z: ~- y9 S
157. Expulsion from international organizations' `& V4 A2 G! \( e" }
; L5 v5 ]7 y! i+ ~: M. h
. D7 `+ d$ f6 P; b; F7 O
: ?- V0 H/ x% c9 a( Z bTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 ?$ d4 v7 o; x3 b( i
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' d: `: a$ ?: T$ e: r# dPsychological Intervention
! Z% I( A$ f8 D) L0 G0 ]$ g4 K 158. Self-exposure to the elements
% z- l, I5 `/ b( f2 ? 159. The fast9 s- W: [: o& ^7 @/ x$ ?
a) Fast of moral pressure3 S: C6 r( t7 o/ E4 U* t# O6 x
b) Hunger strike8 h# ?6 a# a0 u5 w8 M! f0 r3 x+ F
c) Satyagrahic fast
+ T- \" y/ [" ]; s, w( P& ]' w 160. Reverse trial' U, K+ C4 w! P7 a
161. Nonviolent harassment
: M7 \! p% d* ~# d& Q% Z" _7 r- \- m% H) |! V3 I
Physical Intervention
* _2 m; x4 s3 A. K9 g 162. Sit-in
" \7 t: k% Q5 B* o8 {* T9 H5 D 163. Stand-in
8 r x+ w) {& g$ K4 N3 h, p M 164. Ride-in
8 W: z7 X. T1 C! p$ z 165. Wade-in# _. K( s! s1 e. T* T( `
166. Mill-in; I5 `% J( r& }2 J
167. Pray-in
7 y. e" ?" j/ S 168. Nonviolent raids
3 c; A$ M0 {- r j 169. Nonviolent air raids5 Q5 F2 i; J9 }3 P$ e; I
170. Nonviolent invasion
& A# x; n! m- d5 ` 171. Nonviolent interjection
% e2 }% o. o% m! p( ^9 _ 172. Nonviolent obstruction* |* U3 N) m+ h/ c1 ^) }' G3 M# E
173. Nonviolent occupation% W$ \% W, G9 K
" r; I) M( Q$ t# j8 l x
Social Intervention
" Y7 Q" ]/ L9 \( p- K2 k ^ 174. Establishing new social patterns
5 r. u& Z7 `. g4 ]9 s# \, z 175. Overloading of facilities# B( l! `* Z( D7 t& [* l
176. Stall-in8 c+ |5 X: x/ {+ |* W% P
177. Speak-in/ x8 \( o% r& C* F1 ` a9 t8 @
178. Guerrilla theater" ?9 R' @ X; T' W" S
179. Alternative social institutions1 u# Y, d; j' _8 v
180. Alternative communication system6 \3 b5 u4 f( s o
( S) ~9 u! U. g$ f. V* M
Economic Intervention# ]& {' T, P5 {& s- v6 V& C
181. Reverse strike
* n& k; [9 z) Y8 R- l 182. Stay-in strike
' |& u/ l9 i- A; ~) P* w7 C 183. Nonviolent land seizure% N8 z. s i( p& x- T
184. Defiance of blockades8 c6 @+ ~7 X6 [6 K
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
+ }: R) s" M: Y3 i: k3 k 186. Preclusive purchasing, ]6 Z/ E; y* k* q# Q4 ~3 Y
187. Seizure of assets
/ S8 b! d; m* \7 @+ {/ U 188. Dumping
+ v: i8 n% ~7 N4 k$ v% R% U9 U( V 189. Selective patronage3 T* } f, h ?8 [6 y+ e
190. Alternative markets
7 I; P) w8 _$ |3 `: _ 191. Alternative transportation systems
: y) m: P3 s$ ?; y; Y 192. Alternative economic institutions2 L3 R/ j, h: K0 M' _1 o: ^
# l% g9 p. f6 {3 b5 T% Z7 z
Political Intervention8 n! N! Z$ j2 g2 {& @
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 r* K. {5 r" n% e" J 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 Y' k! R! q. J) z* v7 m+ b 195. Seeking imprisonment8 O+ `& f& H+ X4 l+ k4 Y2 g
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 Z: e" P4 l$ n) ^1 @5 y6 @
197. Work-on without collaboration @& S& D# t# J3 e, p4 s3 u
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% M( k1 o. R# t! P# S
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
