 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ O7 A& W' u- z+ P) fFormal Statements$ F$ Z+ b2 ^/ J% P6 L1 |
1. Public Speeches
" u$ t: h: s. u 2. Letters of opposition or support1 {' n1 ^) P; w$ ~9 R
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, ~/ N5 @4 |( A& H" Y
4. Signed public statements5 K# H+ h( u# ]0 s7 m6 z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention) A, L. ^) X' T* B
6. Group or mass petitions$ }0 U& }8 x; M/ `& d' K: F
& j/ T i6 U# }
Communications with a Wider Audience
$ _3 T$ {. H1 T7 ]! d 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# Z' c3 m; _1 E0 |* P
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 X$ R- t" ^# X+ m O5 \2 r 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books' [' V; y6 E5 h2 c& w
10. Newspapers and journals" O$ q+ R9 H0 N. J
11. Records, radio, and television8 k Y; V9 i4 ?3 L6 o* X8 j
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* x$ X+ O* A1 N/ A* m8 m% y5 Z5 ^% L4 F5 d) p
Group Representations. ?+ d% |1 j- x: B: |: _( |- o
13. Deputations
( b# Y; g. [5 _ 14. Mock awards
8 S2 S: C" {2 V% y" J4 H7 U 15. Group lobbying
6 a9 w: S" _( ?; m* ^' e- x/ ]" @9 n 16. Picketing; y j+ g, S2 B, ?( a
17. Mock elections
3 J* ~+ p1 |# B
' Y% Y" ?- l0 a: sSymbolic Public Acts+ d, O% l0 j& B" \ p! j
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ R' u7 {1 D: N3 f8 a0 _
19. Wearing of symbols% D: v+ E8 F/ E2 P4 U
20. Prayer and worship
7 T: l! f$ t+ J: S; ?8 m5 B 21. Delivering symbolic objects
) r: C. T* H9 `" R2 g 22. Protest disrobings* ~6 f* A: O! N5 R$ \0 Z, E
23. Destruction of own property
2 X {" a9 P* r( J- b 24. Symbolic lights/ k8 P3 B2 n% y' Q: r& K: ?+ X
25. Displays of portraits4 v1 B. z: m, _6 m
26. Paint as protest, _2 Q0 t: w5 Z G2 J
27. New signs and names
3 ` t7 o1 _+ s! x4 G 28. Symbolic sounds; I) v2 t1 N: k4 f2 {
29. Symbolic reclamations+ B( z. {( }5 l( d1 E8 Y
30. Rude gestures, J5 ?( |$ N) g! T# W1 L" m* g& H! T
3 Q3 g# [# c) B: A* D0 F" h& O4 T# M6 j
Pressures on Individuals
: f+ i2 ]; ]- q6 ?- R 31. “Haunting” officials. X7 [! @8 A5 [% i/ B
32. Taunting officials' X2 P4 T7 U' I+ n
33. Fraternization, a2 h( s _. |; o
34. Vigils
- y* Q+ [- o; j) B0 Q5 |6 w; l+ y: {
Drama and Music
. F3 T1 u% d+ M5 A3 S7 D9 Z, w+ u 35. Humorous skits and pranks
6 o4 u3 ~* f& ]8 N9 q 36. Performances of plays and music
- H4 U2 b! \5 T. h: I3 b) @4 t 37. Singing
o1 V2 D' X" n* H6 v k( @8 \5 Y$ T! j Z- `
Processions
Q; [: o/ H* U" [& ] 38. Marches0 o+ t* p8 O5 I
39. Parades0 n% _. T: z! q- B h3 J& C
40. Religious processions0 a" f# Z3 D- _8 }4 C
41. Pilgrimages
+ O2 K! F. q4 M1 }$ _) j 42. Motorcades
$ t- g1 i5 e0 J; i7 U7 ]% V8 \3 L! `! j# l d( F' a
Honoring the Dead- d5 K3 p! n+ t
43. Political mourning
" ?/ ^" k3 x- `4 [3 |0 N 44. Mock funerals
\, h1 @* k# k) }3 R. a3 ^% J5 h 45. Demonstrative funerals! e% |, }3 o0 m; Q0 F+ F5 K/ V% E
46. Homage at burial places) k3 k2 G8 J( H( Z
6 N4 Z0 W: Z6 l1 E# C
Public Assemblies
5 S: @ F7 t# l6 T1 L 47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ \# E, D# D0 o I$ \0 g 48. Protest meetings& C5 x {# [+ V. A$ K% D8 r
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 c* r8 \2 W$ u& r: P! { 50. Teach-ins
7 ^9 w1 f5 t% C$ _+ w
" _6 j# X4 F& X2 q- R4 r' kWithdrawal and Renunciation9 |4 A% ^* f; N& v ^5 G) C
51. Walk-outs
' P/ _$ y! A4 h9 m6 E0 B 52. Silence
/ N" U; C' z7 a% l% r: } 53. Renouncing honors0 E$ a7 `, [9 `3 v
54. Turning one’s back0 n' a7 t( C2 G4 w5 V
' F" \$ o0 ^) l8 r1 F% _
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( [) L' z, f3 d) f' r6 |: t+ LTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
3 b U. j9 u( {$ \- r6 y6 C8 |/ k8 E1 A3 |
) \ {: i# f- q, H
6 a# v( _% R/ A5 qOstracism of Persons
7 b- @2 C$ f1 `7 d( i 55. Social boycott! F) K L/ {5 P( K) U+ d
56. Selective social boycott
, L7 P& i/ ~ d( b/ u/ U 57. Lysistratic nonaction) w, ^4 k' u& E0 k3 J
58. Excommunication; k, o; f3 o8 R4 \- d A2 v
59. Interdict) D* Q. }: O) a1 `- l" f; {4 @
3 S0 A7 k2 @' l5 N4 @& `0 wNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. e/ o' n/ { u; w. a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# X; v- t ^5 `2 X 61. Boycott of social affairs
* \5 q2 i& K6 p, u/ c 62. Student strike* e1 t4 a# k: ]6 O
63. Social disobedience1 H/ }2 _2 J$ {$ r
64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 b" i# V3 H7 @2 K$ l) w2 z/ L
0 A( h" ]3 t' ]" a4 E+ Q8 I
Withdrawal from the Social System
) Z; U9 l5 D, a6 R 65. Stay-at-home; J, S5 G* x" x1 U0 Z# n$ F$ [
66. Total personal noncooperation* s5 `6 S y$ B: y" X
67. “Flight” of workers
) h: s+ e/ P2 p# p2 O. @ 68. Sanctuary
4 K( U0 C# j3 J: p 69. Collective disappearance
% G& u3 U2 Y4 ?% j+ O 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 C( w# ]. s7 ^( |0 I. ^1 ?, \! L$ `- X4 D7 w" u, |! G( B
( F& c. f/ ` @/ h6 e
4 F- Q! |( i. A; k RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 f0 J$ E" n, v2 H& A8 \* |4 L# P
% z `+ K' s& S+ s l. J7 \$ ]. P
Actions by Consumers' r+ ^5 Q# {# i0 a. ~# [; h
71. Consumers’ boycott0 N0 G: E+ O* L: |$ V
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods* i' B8 j9 s4 d6 b/ h7 t, S. ~4 j
73. Policy of austerity( n" ]0 ?) N) f' I8 ?
74. Rent withholding: h7 R$ V& y3 `/ o2 r" r6 H
75. Refusal to rent1 X; o3 S+ P+ ]% f7 G; Z& Y
76. National consumers’ boycott
2 `0 E7 A4 l E2 T& e 77. International consumers’ boycott
- Q7 ]: L% n Z; q( U# D: S/ t# s) t$ e
Action by Workers and Producers
! c$ H; _+ N# Z B+ X 78. Workmen’s boycott
I! Z+ F# s- U% X 79. Producers’ boycott T1 n9 l1 Z, F# @7 z& Z
@0 M- b+ }: ^8 S8 \6 b: xAction by Middlemen
$ w' Y% ?! P5 Z0 y- U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 K( @! E! O# D: S, B; u" x
* J" u6 `8 c1 M: P) x3 _
Action by Owners and Management
" E2 a0 ?' p% h9 @1 Z 81. Traders’ boycott0 e3 Z, {7 J3 L( A
82. Refusal to let or sell property# e7 M" [) J6 ^% v
83. Lockout/ S) b* O5 U7 X) m/ C9 t/ S+ K
84. Refusal of industrial assistance% o( O6 m+ G- {# E' y- x& V( p
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 l/ W$ B# w, A4 ^: M; z$ V! ]& N: p
Action by Holders of Financial Resources& H' Z" m* U( C) Q) Z& S) ?
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 F: t' g" R2 ]0 S4 ^8 m 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 c5 Y+ Z! m3 A
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest8 ?; n+ p5 \ s' p* h
89. Severance of funds and credit
- v2 A! n4 S+ u0 Q* v 90. Revenue refusal' `: ], h1 }6 `/ }! s! v+ N& }0 V+ [
91. Refusal of a government’s money
- u7 C0 i8 g4 A6 p+ ~
: w# `: ^5 e8 P* {2 [# y% oAction by Governments
) v, L9 d6 N0 T 92. Domestic embargo# {) m: I3 {1 t0 H2 ` d* z I3 l
93. Blacklisting of traders
7 v o5 j& x* Y; B/ i 94. International sellers’ embargo
$ J& i2 v" U) y# w, u) D 95. International buyers’ embargo
9 b" t* Q q/ o' H1 x 96. International trade embargo
" W+ J/ f5 {5 Y* M4 ?6 x
: z0 c9 J+ G" ^2 e4 T( B* r9 M $ I4 D, m6 E& x2 n |7 Y& R
3 ~& q$ U' O( r3 o* fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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4 f. r# [% Y7 w e0 p. L' xSymbolic Strikes+ B5 D# m& I5 B8 i$ t
97. Protest strike) U+ x' R8 g- _
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 o% P1 A, e, U4 |: C8 S7 O
; y# Y1 f3 Q) Z$ xAgricultural Strikes' U* v% T( L9 ~! R
99. Peasant strike
8 \ E/ p( |& N' S 100. Farm Workers’ strike! j8 o+ [7 f1 `7 B: D6 w/ u
# a! U. C9 \+ E0 O# U/ QStrikes by Special Groups" t) _; N. l) X1 `4 Q
101. Refusal of impressed labor
% x1 c5 }. S" q 102. Prisoners’ strike+ C- ]8 d9 [8 o$ i6 r0 \
103. Craft strike8 N0 K2 H% R4 P* q) G' D; u3 R
104. Professional strike
9 I6 P6 e) J1 R' o- k- S2 L( C; g# H- A6 K% Q* {* W4 e& z9 V/ h6 G
Ordinary Industrial Strikes0 l: ]$ e/ Y' X, {4 E& L
105. Establishment strike
) P3 ]( U$ G. ?! s( h l 106. Industry strike% e* C" }4 F% M( o _% f1 a8 ~5 f
107. Sympathetic strike
$ w/ t4 c( }# Z8 A1 p. ^; ]9 r/ ]+ E5 w4 t& u8 _
Restricted Strikes G5 `! }/ b. k$ k
108. Detailed strike* y. c; f7 E; y8 l
109. Bumper strike
+ L/ {/ ]. ~; Z( Q8 M' P# a 110. Slowdown strike( h) o+ X7 q; N/ x/ F2 C# O
111. Working-to-rule strike3 d+ N# R/ ?) F* T- v0 x- }) j
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 Z5 C+ I5 ~6 {9 S 113. Strike by resignation- _7 E3 j8 y. c7 A6 ]8 Y% B
114. Limited strike
: m8 k' B# E4 B- b0 P7 { 115. Selective strike8 O6 e* T) B4 @- |
# b* J a+ m' x$ d z" Z3 jMulti-Industry Strikes, r$ ]- N3 v+ V7 h0 f, p
# B0 @/ n' J3 i! q, Q, O" g 116. Generalized strike
& D/ W1 j+ I1 [5 B2 H* N+ R
9 }: [0 @& L7 b2 [: e 117. General strike5 d- M3 B; K1 K9 ?4 U. l
8 \: \4 L+ M) [Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures" f9 u" y7 X! n
# c; A' j6 T `( ? 118. Hartal! s( L! x+ y. e" ?3 v5 g6 P& y
; y2 e; @, G t6 a* }. i- G 119. Economic shutdown
0 s4 c6 x- V5 M2 j" [8 j- |# t5 z1 L- i0 b
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& _" F1 m' |) E$ oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
Q4 t6 I6 K$ i! r2 `$ m: {) L9 l& O
* q5 e) t" z4 c U
Rejection of Authority& t5 b) T& T. C8 P& O
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( c" e5 b7 ^5 x7 J$ O 121. Refusal of public support z1 p: } H5 x) A
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 u: ]! ~/ k& }# h% B0 B4 {+ _+ d3 S- C3 ? f+ q/ O' X2 O9 M1 P' |
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' \1 q, Y* F- b- H, H3 A 123. Boycott of legislative bodies. \. w4 T) z, x2 T( j$ R5 ?
124. Boycott of elections1 i7 P! K2 u; V) }
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
/ V; m5 |% Q: E& m2 ? 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& e3 P: z4 l/ F) y* a! ~" U1 }, b
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 F% g2 L2 F6 D/ P7 b 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" \/ B, ^! c/ V% a2 B2 I! e+ K' [8 l
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: T7 s% l1 w7 ~# D0 j
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* i% A& x6 I: F0 p+ }
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. f4 c9 v1 t# @( d' |
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions, a, `) {4 Y% C8 q
# {, K" y1 G9 oCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ b* K' u( U r: D& g 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: Y- K5 C( A/ B- @, z8 @' ?0 D 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
, D* O" `: \( Z' S" B 135. Popular nonobedience
# F0 I' |+ ?% @5 d 136. Disguised disobedience' N" @1 p* E% |9 l
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 L2 d3 H/ R; O8 c1 ]+ V5 q
138. Sitdown
7 S* @. a; N3 `7 @ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; D6 X1 K" t8 O( J9 h# J' n
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: [* H% r8 J4 N) g: F# r8 w
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws/ {% _2 d' g3 f
) m( h: d/ H/ r0 AAction by Government Personnel
: ?% d' N: {; C, c 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides( j; r4 a' A% N# r" J
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
3 k9 U6 L' j* T( R 144. Stalling and obstruction
4 j# h* R' K! ?9 g$ v& B) ]8 m, X 145. General administrative noncooperation) v6 ]; V( j6 P3 I0 j2 Q F3 L
6 P" m, |9 G0 _ 146. Judicial noncooperation
& m: k# M6 n0 P$ Q( v5 d 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! E, U% J: g6 t5 `% [, a
148. Mutiny
3 F% }3 a+ A6 w$ k& M4 ~Domestic Governmental Action
( c: Y8 y7 D$ F 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, W: o; G7 O% H: X 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 W+ L: ?5 [3 ~ F" B) T
# x3 I1 N( v+ W# y2 xInternational Governmental Action
% O4 o5 `5 q% L 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 q: V! @9 l, M- h2 J& s* @0 d
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; M* q, h z1 l3 w, g j# u
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ c8 L! J& e! n* V6 R
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% K; v+ q2 z% Z M 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: E8 l+ Z) R5 Q% A' T' v& a 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- J4 j6 w. `5 X( \ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
I6 {- J4 U1 m0 o) `
2 T- B8 B- I/ A1 n6 V+ y
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
3 D" Z/ g" u- \4 A2 I6 u" h5 }. l* A/ u. M
- F; X& Z/ v9 Y, F" B2 UPsychological Intervention9 O. G9 \, {) J$ f
158. Self-exposure to the elements
* \0 k5 E" b2 V 159. The fast
) a l5 U4 E* I6 h" o; j N1 C a) Fast of moral pressure, c' p) C3 [& r! N
b) Hunger strike- p3 p2 I( Q. c- U7 k: ?
c) Satyagrahic fast
% D6 T/ R3 k" m+ ~; d( i 160. Reverse trial8 c# t& D7 _# P; D" m
161. Nonviolent harassment6 @* X2 H- w+ y* j) j; `
- f. E7 c+ w1 Y
Physical Intervention8 m3 N( f0 J% {( z
162. Sit-in) j3 l }3 l- Q! V) U
163. Stand-in+ y9 Q( N$ d1 ^5 Z
164. Ride-in
$ ~& V }+ V/ ~- k" q2 L F 165. Wade-in
1 i Y1 z$ @9 W5 d& P1 K/ N* B 166. Mill-in2 Y: Y$ y- u7 f8 S( u1 t
167. Pray-in2 V; W9 E% h* K1 ~; w
168. Nonviolent raids+ M: u9 U, ]2 z0 V" }' Q) U
169. Nonviolent air raids3 ~) ]- [6 A5 a! |- K
170. Nonviolent invasion
" _3 \; _/ X9 x3 o5 t7 M8 d- M! |. F; N 171. Nonviolent interjection
6 N: o2 \3 b+ e1 h; }# H. S' _ 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 X0 L# w9 j+ H# X2 V9 {$ D. F# H4 }
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
$ Z; }4 t l. i" k2 n# a9 h 174. Establishing new social patterns3 l- H* K, D+ K+ y P
175. Overloading of facilities
- p% J) Q: ^$ | 176. Stall-in
" }& d6 }; F7 J 177. Speak-in
( y& M7 q9 H( E, M. o 178. Guerrilla theater: u! H0 i6 o0 y! Q. W& U6 a, D
179. Alternative social institutions
+ z/ H5 ]5 A8 Y$ x 180. Alternative communication system
9 ^+ T: I8 E# R+ b
7 H# T: B- D3 L- K" k7 HEconomic Intervention, d: a1 ~0 k" x; {9 I
181. Reverse strike
7 Z5 [4 B2 O1 l' E; E; C 182. Stay-in strike
: m3 @7 \& b- \+ e' E! w& s/ f 183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ H( e4 J( P3 X$ X: J 184. Defiance of blockades
, q7 ]* m$ y* X$ o3 B 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- u q9 Y, J' _: T( w$ K 186. Preclusive purchasing
" G' F ~6 v( G8 V3 v3 c+ z, Q& U8 L 187. Seizure of assets
; E8 L; m4 J; J; t 188. Dumping2 _# u5 b9 p9 r
189. Selective patronage
! I- n5 n/ k# q; ~ 190. Alternative markets* l$ J) g$ F7 l: U) N# H
191. Alternative transportation systems8 i. `. T, c& B$ x$ _
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention9 [ R" Q1 }6 h" s* B
193. Overloading of administrative systems2 \( I! @, }' s* q3 F! R* u
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 }) j G( J" t3 |5 V
195. Seeking imprisonment3 j$ G# Q6 Q& r
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ | V. Y/ ^6 C; M: y% N" d
197. Work-on without collaboration
- h" S9 C5 j* p9 N2 A2 L 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. S9 M$ B+ N( N3 b- O
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
