 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, j. b$ E& Y* Y5 H+ N- |
Formal Statements
~9 }+ Q6 f) J# N, O& c 1. Public Speeches6 N0 D; \) b" \& w
2. Letters of opposition or support$ p& a& E: z" X: y, z9 @& Q4 i
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! o7 S+ o+ {0 {# z$ f9 n
4. Signed public statements' q; \5 }5 D" s2 z% [" ^
5. Declarations of indictment and intention# e8 T% S; P2 W
6. Group or mass petitions
9 d0 a0 r8 f' S l0 m5 w
7 E+ G$ h j, U# m7 |, X8 fCommunications with a Wider Audience( w/ ~4 }* O2 l4 f8 T9 G" h X4 Q
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 t7 t( q W) @6 R% |
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
/ p/ Y- V; I0 g- b# \/ o 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! J6 m7 o4 d* A! `5 x
10. Newspapers and journals: O U4 I0 V1 I, a! e/ X, }
11. Records, radio, and television
& k) D1 S p8 w 12. Skywriting and earthwriting- J0 f0 C: F9 j, R2 y
! E( w6 `$ t. z8 w$ B. v; G
Group Representations( |& o" a0 L( \! ?2 w0 z
13. Deputations
( g2 E+ f, H7 c0 Q1 p& \ B 14. Mock awards* V" _/ A2 l/ | Z7 g5 r
15. Group lobbying' m5 s' r$ z' W
16. Picketing x" C; Z; [4 I8 V) l
17. Mock elections! C S4 B* f R% f
( _; p$ \$ t1 V2 \5 r& iSymbolic Public Acts
6 `7 A7 G$ _ v& @1 {) K 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( _- s; A' ^) ?" e; M
19. Wearing of symbols
7 s/ A7 W' a- I) z 20. Prayer and worship
8 H1 E, w8 o. W) c+ _/ q( K 21. Delivering symbolic objects
( q, k/ {0 n ]1 l 22. Protest disrobings' B" u* X5 ?2 B o0 R" T" T! f% h* f8 ^
23. Destruction of own property: G X2 B0 m$ }0 P! q' m3 B- w
24. Symbolic lights* @2 h6 a& C/ i1 T* m2 A
25. Displays of portraits
( U4 ^' F& N8 S 26. Paint as protest: P4 y# c7 }6 j0 N' k( o* w
27. New signs and names
8 q5 C4 v, }% W$ k3 s. L 28. Symbolic sounds
X4 p" l6 G5 f5 }% {' ` 29. Symbolic reclamations
4 y5 h* P0 e& W% ~+ X3 A S9 R 30. Rude gestures
$ k) q1 o; |* B% W7 d
# R4 f5 A8 v" |$ l qPressures on Individuals3 H P, \0 K8 G" j* O# }% _
31. “Haunting” officials
% P T4 W/ I& l B" W 32. Taunting officials" x3 m) {) I5 t" g
33. Fraternization
" T2 d/ |: `; t8 @9 ~* w# Y 34. Vigils
9 ]- E6 X/ ~3 f$ p9 ]6 Q5 @2 M( S, d5 O
Drama and Music; I. J: F( Y$ z! O3 T; e9 Z
35. Humorous skits and pranks' d- O# }0 p9 A& I9 F9 R( U) @7 F
36. Performances of plays and music" q% X2 ^$ q" n% H" C
37. Singing( ] k) m% K& B; q: A
. o0 s; r1 N; A7 M$ Y4 z0 m0 r3 m8 EProcessions4 H2 H. C ]0 Z, ~, c7 I9 X4 T7 {
38. Marches/ Y9 q1 [5 k, d" O3 w5 I
39. Parades# d) ?& U% _7 }% \
40. Religious processions2 A" ]' h; F1 I7 z! L( @: r
41. Pilgrimages2 w; n+ F) g" V }
42. Motorcades
+ W6 V( o. U" W: }) O# b3 f9 u; l2 U" w
Honoring the Dead
- _# y# A! k! H# g0 l' } V 43. Political mourning
; Q: d a, \/ f& i 44. Mock funerals
$ N: s+ `' b% u$ Y6 o9 |: r) ~ 45. Demonstrative funerals7 o/ x2 r" R6 k& q, u( J: k- k
46. Homage at burial places
: R' n! @0 ?) m6 k+ y! I
) m ?8 L+ d" A' P' O! @Public Assemblies
6 E4 M& F2 i7 J8 U- @, E) y/ P" N) a 47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 l7 Z7 k; q C 48. Protest meetings
; E% p8 y$ M8 ? 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ n" A% N. f. g; K# N# } 50. Teach-ins9 h- g5 k" |9 O6 x
8 {- _2 O6 M {4 Q
Withdrawal and Renunciation
5 D6 e7 b; b" `: I) S2 f) z 51. Walk-outs: g: b0 Q f$ _
52. Silence g5 U- J. {6 q8 _9 k
53. Renouncing honors$ Y+ V9 b/ F b0 h8 o: }+ _
54. Turning one’s back
) `1 e8 k# E8 c3 |, a; K
/ S! ^# g, c. {- K% H 3 z% `) L: _1 F' F
: p0 ^0 Z; B# ~THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION8 X: R& E8 P- d
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( o- N* B0 a f6 v
Ostracism of Persons) z8 R; K, N% Q4 N* Y; E4 a" Z
55. Social boycott* Z/ \$ P& ]1 x8 ?
56. Selective social boycott5 X5 a2 m. p! q1 c3 c) G
57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 A2 X/ M( ~! @/ b7 j( ^; q 58. Excommunication
5 x2 B- g4 s9 H& W \1 l 59. Interdict1 U8 |, p' T0 u
! J6 j# z, }% ?) t3 G: M
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
. Z8 Z5 s! l( I( Y3 L8 I+ o0 X 60. Suspension of social and sports activities) ^" }9 L9 g3 H) H% p* U* j
61. Boycott of social affairs- Q- {7 \' r; b$ K
62. Student strike7 a9 g3 q! B4 c1 t4 |( H9 ~
63. Social disobedience1 _8 }) P" }) a
64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 X, V2 e! H( F
( ~ F9 I/ S2 b) q; P3 U
Withdrawal from the Social System' u; B2 f# K/ w B: ]! T
65. Stay-at-home$ R* n* q' z) _5 Q( _9 j' W
66. Total personal noncooperation
" l* D3 O7 S- X& s& J 67. “Flight” of workers
2 d5 C2 Y. A( @2 }8 \% @8 {/ s" r6 @ 68. Sanctuary7 [: l8 H9 r5 |4 A% _
69. Collective disappearance; }8 w' p S' j9 I$ [
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 D4 {* U) u2 M# ~- R
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! z4 L( A! ?' m. q( p; U6 X- i G* ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 B! `! [' o( A, }6 j) K2 t/ {+ P) E9 ^* T% g! ?# D: X
% b# J7 ]) v) z( [* S0 OActions by Consumers
: j) X8 ]' L, K3 C7 k |0 X: `2 K2 b 71. Consumers’ boycott
" q, _9 H1 F( t+ |+ \( ~ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( r7 g) x( U5 k4 i! S, r$ B, J% a
73. Policy of austerity
; q; B# E8 ]. N: G* A. k 74. Rent withholding
; N: `- }$ ~. D1 B/ x" O6 g 75. Refusal to rent
" j, E& t$ f0 u- z X 76. National consumers’ boycott
+ K% q0 y) _- L* @ 77. International consumers’ boycott; n) Z/ e1 z# R
* C/ C) f! a; _- O, c
Action by Workers and Producers
4 Q5 R/ W$ I8 k1 ]4 K" y 78. Workmen’s boycott
% U" M9 ` d7 E' Q( \2 T) S9 _7 ? 79. Producers’ boycott
' j! R) H. a! }, \- L
3 U) B' N, J8 H( v( YAction by Middlemen" p& T1 P+ X9 L. `; S' S# d* i
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 \/ w' ]5 I A- m, W9 W+ R: f3 h( Z( M, \1 x3 G; p3 B
Action by Owners and Management
! h. S- c3 N7 i' N+ c8 y. \& f% \ 81. Traders’ boycott
$ }3 A0 A- Z: u6 t# o 82. Refusal to let or sell property2 A6 n; l& N( _1 I7 Q0 W
83. Lockout
9 P+ K5 F+ K* P5 M, w) d1 h$ ] 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 G- |, g% F! v& s 85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ J; F: K3 p+ B+ F3 L+ ?
! k* f8 V9 q+ T6 l. P/ K' {" @* K
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
6 x# R8 s" {7 Q 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! w5 i3 Q: `' S7 |; `7 _5 O# } 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 j# p5 g/ } r& |8 N% m 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 t7 c' N6 |7 j9 H/ S, }0 Y; {& U 89. Severance of funds and credit% c9 {7 E$ B5 T2 s' v7 O S. b
90. Revenue refusal5 b) Y, _. E' e( M! {
91. Refusal of a government’s money
) t. ^/ x' ~& j0 i/ f7 J% U& F
3 c, y4 R9 S3 A V* ]5 s; R- p" LAction by Governments
5 Y) Q; }: `4 _8 B' W) d @' T 92. Domestic embargo
- D" w0 G' A2 D8 M" k2 x 93. Blacklisting of traders
* X7 |0 w# N# f+ D, B# O* w" z+ g 94. International sellers’ embargo
; {! L* a. c# p* h# ^ 95. International buyers’ embargo
( T$ U8 _* D+ p. ] 96. International trade embargo0 T: ]) J. v3 i' t( o4 {
5 v, f( L7 E0 \8 O
4 }* P8 l) c7 \8 C$ f y1 A
, B, t0 Q& {, B8 i h; @) Z( n9 ]9 LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- T$ U0 ~7 \, V6 y/ ~# q
- k; g$ S4 o" c: v/ @9 O6 | 4 E+ @# ^) y8 r" q, _5 D2 A1 [1 ~
Symbolic Strikes+ o0 H5 e/ i8 Y$ a$ S% J4 M- c
97. Protest strike
# T6 x4 o+ g, H# g 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# _' y. a) Z" u7 s1 F; ~6 p% _( j
$ E& ]5 f5 K0 U3 l. F
Agricultural Strikes
5 a+ Q- _2 \3 T# n) S4 W0 G 99. Peasant strike
, o- O' z3 S5 @5 j- b 100. Farm Workers’ strike* W3 V; X& ~ @! Y7 U6 C
. H, b5 e$ m* T5 L2 e( k
Strikes by Special Groups
" G' w! w& j( L+ O5 N6 q; _ 101. Refusal of impressed labor1 `1 {) k) f3 i* `9 M) h4 D; o) h
102. Prisoners’ strike
) z+ q- f2 o3 i 103. Craft strike' X0 k4 B# |1 s: g% U! t
104. Professional strike
+ I4 G, W4 Z9 K; N: L3 y, K/ F, ]9 }& |/ H$ \6 D+ i
Ordinary Industrial Strikes; ?% K0 Q- y: b9 E" k
105. Establishment strike+ G& D) G$ K' ]6 Z
106. Industry strike
$ o# l* u8 g3 r6 `/ G6 z 107. Sympathetic strike% S/ O; V) L0 D) f9 E" j6 O
4 z9 A. Y3 R, m0 E0 vRestricted Strikes) C9 v: ?) q+ X
108. Detailed strike
: E% G" u+ m7 O4 P$ t+ f 109. Bumper strike$ h+ a& @8 }- s; }
110. Slowdown strike2 h: X4 ~. O* E" k
111. Working-to-rule strike, D; n' W s& M: a& z# N. h
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 H' ~+ ?$ v7 S* T. ^& J. Q D 113. Strike by resignation8 [0 ? L% O6 r/ D, s
114. Limited strike; b; P ^, [8 e# {5 C
115. Selective strike
t4 l" k- G( ~) @% n, r% { [# o% c1 ~7 R. ^9 V! v. E
Multi-Industry Strikes$ f( g( x0 q. o
) q9 F# D9 e/ d 116. Generalized strike0 v8 V5 b/ g, x" S9 x
* |$ v/ R$ e, L6 P
117. General strike
+ _% @1 q$ `) h, x
6 P) z4 s3 ]9 _5 N( W9 NCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
9 L. P, E) ^! s- J ^( w% _- C4 |5 _$ q9 E% B6 D$ o* x, K
119. Economic shutdown6 N+ L1 K; |) H6 R7 I
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3 F. ?) I4 E- iTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
7 w$ d3 `1 j8 q' G4 N 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 k0 G# Y" x& w, ~- c0 H% n 121. Refusal of public support
' B) h; U( }% s 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance \2 H7 \- J0 L T& x* t, g6 R
% w/ e1 ]6 a0 [
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' N4 q/ z2 f1 R- Q; N/ Z& _ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 x! E3 Y3 L Q! ~ 124. Boycott of elections
7 |* m3 U- {" p& w: b5 T 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 B1 v/ l/ K; ^+ G2 e 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" f7 O1 ^4 ]* `& C: \* X
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 H" T& a& e6 Z4 u6 R3 T
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 {( ]- _3 S+ a
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* K E9 W1 _: I5 C3 G
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks t5 @' t* E: P6 q% h/ j, _+ Z
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 D1 R. h) G6 r1 Y
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ K# d) J, Q7 I7 ~
4 j* w& `1 u* P+ ECitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' r. y7 C5 E# ? 133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 {8 ?: M' M% K- g
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' |7 J( r |( r5 e: m
135. Popular nonobedience
- R& H# ^4 L& z% H/ P# M. C 136. Disguised disobedience* Y% b# p; p; }+ x4 J2 V5 v
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
- @, y. P% p. B8 _/ R; Y9 r1 O 138. Sitdown
7 T9 }5 }- a( t' i7 S( e6 T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ A& d1 [8 e: _( F9 O
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 z# I. r- C! ~: j/ Q/ @8 |- ?
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws/ X0 U* e2 G$ U6 X2 q N
2 _( y4 R' A3 \; E* K/ KAction by Government Personnel
4 _2 E W% T, o& M 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 p5 F% ?) S& E 143. Blocking of lines of command and information* u: I+ U' F- g& `# B4 s# k8 e) y
144. Stalling and obstruction- k1 J7 M) j) i7 Q. e
145. General administrative noncooperation
' a2 |& B, t) ~. j, X/ @3 v% `) @, {" o7 N- W5 m1 S
146. Judicial noncooperation) M/ {2 I; @! J& a$ Y
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' p- A( W8 Q+ l7 Z+ q 148. Mutiny
3 k5 X* Q9 H4 V" W3 R. M0 CDomestic Governmental Action$ p% J5 ^9 r, A' L8 r
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 G5 K* K+ f8 l3 \- i; [
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& L6 ]2 J( y7 G, g2 N- O3 J+ v% T; f/ D
International Governmental Action( F0 b1 r" H: Z2 g& J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: X" U7 ]% G% ?4 t
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 w5 b7 b9 G) ~ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! O: B6 K% R4 F6 }- A; X; Z9 q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations( I$ \9 d/ V' W
155. Withdrawal from international organizations9 Q; h4 W2 r/ G( B8 e' a5 K
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ ]6 A' g9 I- D% p 157. Expulsion from international organizations7 A% u: I; _4 J6 w4 l. K) B; X: s0 {
V) H) V) s' V) w& p" T! k) B) o \
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: @3 S6 R8 g1 B9 {% HTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention* O5 W& |( p1 ]- A
158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 o" q$ y+ @4 x6 Y 159. The fast/ @' @/ A# K0 |4 p
a) Fast of moral pressure3 K! ?, _' G5 w G3 d: t1 S3 C3 i
b) Hunger strike
. x& a- _7 O* A8 A1 H c) Satyagrahic fast
2 Q$ f1 Y' R2 O [1 n7 v5 S+ B 160. Reverse trial: Q0 u1 m+ W/ C7 }
161. Nonviolent harassment. r: z4 }9 Q. k6 A+ m' x! {$ g
& b, N; @+ z) Z5 i' @
Physical Intervention6 u" ?/ f7 i3 i+ Q" W
162. Sit-in, r6 U D, `0 }1 f6 K
163. Stand-in4 B8 L4 a# T. I4 Y+ s, E5 x2 m
164. Ride-in
5 v$ k z* c$ N1 P 165. Wade-in
$ q# V& N# U$ \* O5 e$ z 166. Mill-in
5 x+ H5 r9 Q8 c% t 167. Pray-in
3 w4 S/ [+ T( @ h2 Q& I 168. Nonviolent raids
* S A5 h1 ?( N, x: `4 a 169. Nonviolent air raids
3 w& `+ e$ p5 Z* m8 K 170. Nonviolent invasion2 g$ `% J: U d6 p, f, i, d
171. Nonviolent interjection8 Q* F) _6 r" i- z+ C8 g
172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 r, V4 }5 l: _' _1 {/ ^( V 173. Nonviolent occupation
0 d9 o" f7 m( u4 w9 y% x( [( H M: C8 p( j( }
Social Intervention
5 I# w' X: A+ w' o8 w! ~ \* E 174. Establishing new social patterns
, |6 e! g0 ~" k; I p* U 175. Overloading of facilities# e8 H3 f \ V3 [; r% ?, a; d
176. Stall-in
- R, s: G, T* t& ^8 ] 177. Speak-in5 T$ d/ F$ j2 M& l
178. Guerrilla theater Y F) \! i" E0 ] S
179. Alternative social institutions% X. T0 X9 P" x+ ]4 A7 \
180. Alternative communication system
1 `8 \6 F5 E; j& l0 d s, a. H
! w. C* |) }! O" E& [& z; O) B V* uEconomic Intervention
. o0 d( W( Q' m/ D9 h5 N$ } w 181. Reverse strike
) ~( p" J& t# ]$ Z- ^ 182. Stay-in strike: g* g8 [9 G+ \! g& @9 k
183. Nonviolent land seizure
& ?; |8 R) u' F6 Q; T' K- v 184. Defiance of blockades/ T" L) J; a8 z+ H
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- v2 z$ g( a$ E& E A O 186. Preclusive purchasing$ ~8 y4 r+ I) p+ D' D/ o
187. Seizure of assets' {* ]/ W" j5 b9 s1 Z1 w9 I3 f$ J4 i
188. Dumping# R# |$ ~3 v4 Z* y
189. Selective patronage
% d. g5 w \+ {7 V/ B. q: ~ 190. Alternative markets+ `. ?! P6 F' u) ] B
191. Alternative transportation systems
. A/ R2 k+ p4 O( y* D T7 o' w& @: c 192. Alternative economic institutions
( N; [2 x5 K7 G
: j) g. Z2 o6 |% l# KPolitical Intervention; L D7 H: G% G0 n
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 f" W& @5 p/ U3 K1 z3 O5 R 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" T& F" w: a, B! b) U% Z
195. Seeking imprisonment( ^4 }1 {, S6 Y/ O& o1 g
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& x9 x& E7 }7 A7 ^8 J7 ?& V2 c 197. Work-on without collaboration
% x8 k3 t" n/ I* f" k; }, S 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) P1 W" Q! b) c8 X
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
