 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( R7 d1 h. y# f+ j9 z/ B0 |
Formal Statements: j: t+ n7 w) {( X
1. Public Speeches2 W& J a$ \! P2 h% X, v4 H
2. Letters of opposition or support2 v( x3 p# ^; Y* `9 E
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 [* G- C. O9 L r% k
4. Signed public statements
! G e5 z+ l2 d4 n G+ s+ t 5. Declarations of indictment and intention O, G4 j0 F8 y1 p" T$ P
6. Group or mass petitions
; l0 x; P* T" T; S6 |
# S/ N- X: J6 M$ oCommunications with a Wider Audience
1 {7 ^& |4 y; N" }+ A8 h, c 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 t) p) q/ t% B& S8 y 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ L( L( Q: b; U: h4 \ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books w/ I; T5 ]% t' P
10. Newspapers and journals1 {' T' x4 u$ M7 z
11. Records, radio, and television# z3 J$ @1 c; i; X5 E$ H
12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ o, |( b: T4 M8 r
, y* _0 n% {9 |6 F; kGroup Representations7 f3 F8 J7 k/ c1 G% [/ M
13. Deputations/ F' k+ O# Z$ B8 v/ x$ C; b( e& S
14. Mock awards
: g, k; ~' W, I) e" } 15. Group lobbying: U: q6 f( L, Z8 x0 T8 O: l
16. Picketing
) t$ W A9 B5 ~ 17. Mock elections* ^3 }3 `8 V1 m. @+ G5 p1 U8 n8 N
- Q! H" r8 {: E1 Y7 A2 S* F/ FSymbolic Public Acts$ [/ L1 o3 s3 k2 e7 S0 }3 S
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& P/ `) U# `' N6 L# Y; {
19. Wearing of symbols
$ E5 h3 h4 Q1 I; f7 N4 F 20. Prayer and worship0 J5 w4 q* B2 m5 g0 R& p R% }0 y0 [
21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ C2 s4 E1 S+ o" B 22. Protest disrobings- |* m( k/ K% Z; w2 L
23. Destruction of own property
; i$ M6 T8 S# T* J 24. Symbolic lights
! A& z6 O5 z# ]: Z: G) p 25. Displays of portraits- B7 l) ?/ |" f" P; h
26. Paint as protest
m z" o" a4 X1 M 27. New signs and names
; |% x- k' t) a- z; N! L' _ 28. Symbolic sounds
$ @5 ?' E: G! N. z 29. Symbolic reclamations3 n! G8 ?5 {: D/ j+ F; a1 J
30. Rude gestures5 `; q9 o5 |: D( R6 t! \
8 M* {; x W' c2 F
Pressures on Individuals, j M# T! _( \" H- L
31. “Haunting” officials" R/ Y R2 U- O: ]; a8 H2 H
32. Taunting officials+ I' ~' D; O, @! @$ A8 h
33. Fraternization, Q; H& p8 F g5 m6 p8 \
34. Vigils
. y+ C. ?8 l; N' Z
2 c# W5 x. a8 A* N, bDrama and Music& x- L2 r% m/ K5 ~) d
35. Humorous skits and pranks
: a' F: r0 y7 o! N 36. Performances of plays and music
) C; k0 F# A2 q% p+ c7 K: G! j 37. Singing* R' D7 T4 U$ g# a% x* u
% }8 a/ c+ U# v+ j0 A7 r# G
Processions
8 G( }; q9 `- L 38. Marches/ l) M% ?1 n; Z, ~; Y; K4 q
39. Parades+ c+ s/ c# @# B8 u2 s
40. Religious processions
! ?7 s2 M3 t1 V q/ O 41. Pilgrimages/ U N. V6 Y) R$ y# n# d
42. Motorcades
; z+ w+ m& [* S) R. \( ]& S! P+ D6 [' q4 W9 S
Honoring the Dead! ?( W. J1 d Y9 @4 \
43. Political mourning4 t, [* R0 j' e5 G- ~
44. Mock funerals, r# x- o2 h1 h
45. Demonstrative funerals h% y% O+ M2 V& N! ]
46. Homage at burial places( W/ T9 Q" Z! X! y( N- F. D
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Public Assemblies' J5 w3 r% R$ t* X1 F1 U4 d: s
47. Assemblies of protest or support* i& H {, E3 i1 S( [: y
48. Protest meetings
6 J0 D- a1 {, @* h" Y! X1 | 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 X5 f2 y, d' a+ @ 50. Teach-ins
R( f, f8 {, O2 `% J/ s% A8 j8 [! f8 ^' U& V9 I* L
Withdrawal and Renunciation0 S' ~# U* x# v: y8 h+ T
51. Walk-outs4 W* Q5 W% g/ {( B4 B9 K+ j
52. Silence' p! y: K) E6 i
53. Renouncing honors9 c2 L3 x t6 F; b+ W% M: i* _
54. Turning one’s back1 s' t) m0 ]8 Z b. ] ~' ^5 G& {4 P
# Z% L$ B' r6 `" ^& e) t ' O; k( F t, C2 \( T
1 w5 k4 I5 v6 M6 N9 |+ B: \6 dTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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: d, P V' ^4 [3 n
6 r5 w/ ~- l1 i | ^Ostracism of Persons) g- q: Z, X4 p. o* P9 j$ ]
55. Social boycott m0 f6 G! x6 t% `
56. Selective social boycott, n2 |) P$ }& n2 D# E, [
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# p1 V k2 X/ |) I% r7 _& T& w 58. Excommunication
. O- ~; T/ ]. t8 D( I" F 59. Interdict
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( M- M: i% \1 h0 |& D% ~* fNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ [6 R! c J/ T3 x 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' Y$ ^9 f& `" H+ n- R$ {& @
61. Boycott of social affairs9 r1 M6 i" A; |3 \) s. |$ Z
62. Student strike5 y! p" \; i( v* ~, x7 u
63. Social disobedience
7 w8 h( P2 K9 u8 U" E4 l7 P6 F6 G 64. Withdrawal from social institutions* J2 o4 i. m. x4 a; I& c
! t1 `/ U2 K1 i7 k' L% N7 x7 ^! P" hWithdrawal from the Social System: `8 V ?% e: U1 m8 N" F S5 W
65. Stay-at-home
) B: v" ?# b; X; m% {: D' N8 y- n 66. Total personal noncooperation
( f9 u. I: H* V8 k" o" L 67. “Flight” of workers( O! o. C6 z# {
68. Sanctuary
O6 D- _# S( A 69. Collective disappearance
, a1 H5 F/ @9 X2 e 70. Protest emigration (hijrat), _7 s0 G7 c4 f! Z& W) S3 A
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
0 u7 J7 Q; {3 t2 o5 b' G0 V( \ 71. Consumers’ boycott
. N V+ {& ?" ^& t 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. J# x' Z9 {8 d. @6 ^% q { 73. Policy of austerity
% z" e6 H+ D4 G6 U5 d 74. Rent withholding
8 c" v5 q: {2 d' b1 s2 n' B8 e 75. Refusal to rent( o& k5 d+ a; } I' ?' G0 _) R
76. National consumers’ boycott
8 ^ H2 W1 j1 P! D* {# w 77. International consumers’ boycott7 u) L. G( V4 T
7 f. ^6 n1 L/ V5 @+ K* t
Action by Workers and Producers% v* W- ?$ I8 [' ~
78. Workmen’s boycott7 y* s( G& {& W# f- F4 @1 L0 h0 ]
79. Producers’ boycott
: ]/ T+ B; d M+ j( i3 y
* X% e; B% m0 I' W. ~Action by Middlemen
1 O/ Z2 X. W5 {) ^% v 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott. ?8 ~' q! x2 N9 r# {% ~
@6 U% m- }+ ?( c. SAction by Owners and Management2 s; a% @* A, {7 k
81. Traders’ boycott
: T; }) U# g! H( g1 D 82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 U9 L0 [! w' f# n$ w8 I5 M 83. Lockout: i3 T) L/ W' `2 }! b" N
84. Refusal of industrial assistance* S: } A) e' m$ E" B
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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b0 C3 n. @6 L4 Z! S. m# a# nAction by Holders of Financial Resources
7 j: ~; g1 \( \7 `0 O 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% O( z) q# A0 Z( e8 W2 b
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( Z$ P' k2 a6 X$ M( Y$ c
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, r% ~1 k3 _. H6 }0 ^; Z V 89. Severance of funds and credit: S8 u" @& n P: V) t
90. Revenue refusal; y# M2 J6 t, `$ l9 _
91. Refusal of a government’s money( X, G, e' I. K
! W/ d2 a% b! {1 N Z1 L
Action by Governments
5 w6 t7 y# }" O" u8 V$ \8 q 92. Domestic embargo+ L1 S4 e. O5 }* c- L4 g6 _& ^
93. Blacklisting of traders% Y8 q0 v. m! Y
94. International sellers’ embargo; m) ?7 R( |3 a& C
95. International buyers’ embargo9 T; V6 r$ M7 l6 j
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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) q8 [8 }% P. M+ J: O+ l3 ^' cSymbolic Strikes
; e6 }* ~! X" j; J" p S7 D: T 97. Protest strike% A# {6 k, N# n- S
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 y+ [' i, D4 A8 f9 ~" }: Z
R; r Z6 T4 R7 iAgricultural Strikes
# l Q9 C. o# ]$ {' D 99. Peasant strike9 G0 _6 e! K5 y9 Z/ |0 C) i0 b
100. Farm Workers’ strike! B, X+ L, g2 c7 m- H
( U, {- D- D/ K6 K! s" P/ g9 _9 \
Strikes by Special Groups
p+ m9 G, b0 S/ V- d 101. Refusal of impressed labor$ C8 [+ |/ D& N" s v( W
102. Prisoners’ strike
& S+ V' z2 Q9 ^( ` 103. Craft strike [& p0 e/ v7 ]! o$ ?
104. Professional strike `. b j# x6 U" J
# d1 S' _0 j4 o% K
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
( k# }# K4 n8 E% ^1 h, q 105. Establishment strike q$ k1 e1 l- z# o1 k
106. Industry strike; a" b/ D! o$ }
107. Sympathetic strike# [$ f" O# Z6 f% Q2 F1 {. m! `* P
5 A2 t) m, T' Q+ ?; _/ U* s+ aRestricted Strikes' V8 w1 m1 ]+ a* W
108. Detailed strike
/ ?5 N9 g6 t* Y. v 109. Bumper strike3 O z; f+ ?. {& W: G
110. Slowdown strike
* h( A+ ]3 y. F8 n( Z5 a 111. Working-to-rule strike1 `7 a) f8 R8 f: L
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 @, ?1 B' ]) E) B9 m 113. Strike by resignation
% z7 ^ N/ Z8 y4 h7 f' m; n 114. Limited strike
2 F- A5 s3 ~0 B( C% b5 U 115. Selective strike6 T/ G: c4 }* v, ?3 W" b: W9 m$ J
" [1 J5 V+ d% P) t
Multi-Industry Strikes8 ^/ L% I" ^' F7 H8 n" K7 O* G
9 a M6 }2 z, d' i+ X8 ~2 k
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
9 L" z9 p" N5 w: @: z
# i u& C# ^" E6 m5 @ 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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! e' q" ]: ?% k5 g( B$ g8 ? ARejection of Authority8 \ O+ i0 Q, N3 A
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# b, Z) Z. m6 p- Q6 j 121. Refusal of public support* l, Z* S* e" h- I. u7 f( f
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ @8 d. A3 [5 o8 [3 r6 W
4 R9 j) L* ^; O2 f
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 m' @6 Q- E% \4 V) h7 |3 S% k: x
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 V. c1 K; ?" r. o 124. Boycott of elections8 C* M; R' e3 ]
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% h' i* \% _5 ~% T6 d 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, D4 Z- k) j" X" A# n. U" [ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 k- E/ c/ U8 u' l
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& z# c) |7 S9 t1 e' c C: T% H. M 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 _# r1 W$ t5 Y) f5 J
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 o. S8 @! p, J! y" _4 N0 V& D5 y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 }3 N, e: y ?0 F 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# q+ ~/ ]( A7 s$ _) T1 y* C
4 j4 }7 E7 V# q) S7 j: B; s6 _5 D
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- W7 N0 E2 @. C4 \+ U. S/ ~# g! M$ F 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: y3 y6 h. J$ T7 O+ N Y 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 e: C% D' p# E! l! l 135. Popular nonobedience: P8 j4 C7 L& A; m9 d
136. Disguised disobedience: W6 Q. J. ]' Y3 m* R# P, S5 U" G8 L Y
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- z1 w6 s, c1 P6 u+ x$ X1 `3 |
138. Sitdown
7 [9 u2 Q1 w8 f0 D# i) Y 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 k" y7 n; {! L, Z* H. [ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& q7 e: k9 e8 ^: n+ q. L% [8 v4 O' t 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 |6 i( O1 H+ J
; L$ q1 V1 K" }6 N5 A" b ZAction by Government Personnel
$ Q1 ]7 F P8 x/ D6 T+ X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides" B6 g2 t6 o- s( ^
143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 \) ^4 f6 V( h
144. Stalling and obstruction6 x2 w ^ S* c* a
145. General administrative noncooperation
! E. G- {5 X2 ` p( ~5 }+ p
: e8 I$ H8 g7 k 146. Judicial noncooperation
t( z% M/ }* X# X% x u* |* W 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' X3 ~; D M! i. c
148. Mutiny
" N- Q, W$ V, a' e, n$ uDomestic Governmental Action8 L1 d! [; ?! P" M; B
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 w: f, [6 U; L8 h. r
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
) w9 n2 H/ X. o6 i! J) ^. a$ x) ?8 X. O! I! u I
International Governmental Action
. K7 X( U1 k, r, W7 u: Z: D8 F 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
7 Y. e5 p3 I- S1 h 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
0 J/ {( r" J- j 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 N6 z% m z4 G; V: K5 E6 C0 g
154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 Y$ X, d* ~' y$ W
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
/ R% Q. h! O% L2 ? 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, X1 _5 C1 W& P
157. Expulsion from international organizations/ I0 S0 R$ ~9 n7 N6 O Q# d5 a
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1 ]7 X1 g" R; P& y% ~THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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7 b5 j: g% ^+ m! @' SPsychological Intervention0 Q J& p6 O/ e" D) {" U. i
158. Self-exposure to the elements: W8 w: I& D* E" C9 Z
159. The fast3 G" _/ w+ {: J4 q
a) Fast of moral pressure- v: o* m& ]) g3 L8 x3 E: ^/ N
b) Hunger strike
F; M9 \1 s; \( } p6 T, V c) Satyagrahic fast
* d6 Q% E. _' x4 M7 z2 I 160. Reverse trial
. W4 r" _6 B' [4 R; E 161. Nonviolent harassment5 ~- H! Y6 R; p) q
% ?+ A* V/ o: R. sPhysical Intervention' W. T7 c* F6 @8 O% }% Q
162. Sit-in
8 T+ n; h4 v8 t$ Z# J 163. Stand-in
$ _. A! n1 t D6 g& ]9 u+ v2 y 164. Ride-in
& p5 a- F8 i K/ j5 I' s6 s 165. Wade-in8 Q% w3 |% x; e
166. Mill-in
% v6 G; U% g0 w9 R. r+ y 167. Pray-in
d( y) }8 M; O& x 168. Nonviolent raids1 j$ C( W- v D% q ]
169. Nonviolent air raids8 T& V; ] P. r% O( R7 I6 K0 n/ B, o' H
170. Nonviolent invasion
) y5 @$ x+ ?* d3 q$ S2 j/ r 171. Nonviolent interjection
; ]* ]) o& z0 O2 z+ g. Y 172. Nonviolent obstruction& b2 y' e" W. y- @5 ?- V
173. Nonviolent occupation8 j3 K/ V& \" P4 p4 b. }- ~
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Social Intervention
" z. S+ m m t5 Q5 e# @" @7 t' p 174. Establishing new social patterns
/ Q, i D6 O0 n( l; a 175. Overloading of facilities
- Y5 x- _2 F. s. U# O: m3 Q" c 176. Stall-in5 ?- m# z" ]2 n" p; h
177. Speak-in/ } [9 u6 T- m! f3 S3 U
178. Guerrilla theater
2 g9 `$ r- g+ U 179. Alternative social institutions
1 D7 D4 M5 p# Q+ t* ~ 180. Alternative communication system
% R( e3 k9 {, ^- ]4 {7 ^+ B# b. b5 {8 c7 D2 o( e) D0 m
Economic Intervention
6 `+ {! u0 ]# A1 V! k 181. Reverse strike& H, ]) \; X3 [5 U
182. Stay-in strike& ?* j) S7 S5 z: r1 s
183. Nonviolent land seizure' L! r5 _7 p, f
184. Defiance of blockades
1 N; l" k5 l& \ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# h+ T* q6 u: @. L% k: R0 g; i. f 186. Preclusive purchasing
5 v7 L+ Z5 ?) j8 n9 H7 f/ t' S 187. Seizure of assets I3 x$ o, c$ z
188. Dumping, y9 c7 b; k$ z8 G* N* q
189. Selective patronage
; X9 X7 s- u1 T' e J' i 190. Alternative markets
( Q& h; r$ Y2 E+ _7 D; y 191. Alternative transportation systems
! Y) X) n) u3 L: T2 ^$ `5 F 192. Alternative economic institutions) \& f0 j1 i, ] n/ k, J8 R0 P
4 l5 t. _2 ^# l; Y r
Political Intervention
8 u# O7 D+ L+ r3 ]: h8 J" [ 193. Overloading of administrative systems% @" k+ |' M Y2 V/ @- i- q# j
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& P/ s+ a3 [) @) s2 o6 Q 195. Seeking imprisonment* `; I. K4 g( S8 ]& ~- H v8 h
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! u! m4 V3 s& d/ v( |$ \8 i 197. Work-on without collaboration
, n* ?) Y, n6 B3 ? 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 Q8 l7 A& n6 }9 l* j$ ^5 U
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
