 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 y* ~4 G& y8 z/ Z7 J2 K
Formal Statements
! d, W% ?" N7 A8 e$ w 1. Public Speeches
" q$ I' k( b% K& G8 |$ \ r ^ 2. Letters of opposition or support* }* L5 M+ [/ v. g$ b: Z4 L5 V$ ]3 t
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions B' h9 l* ?3 A# {
4. Signed public statements. {& H+ P7 d2 Q- Q- S# \
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ R, W. x, S ^- ^5 Q
6. Group or mass petitions1 n/ `; R9 w3 w L+ O) a
; ]7 C; l K) ]
Communications with a Wider Audience8 A7 y1 k/ K; o* u7 o3 Y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 w& E! [, I2 L/ Z; M8 q
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ ~! U3 z* S2 s, b1 G
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( W9 y" G2 D: U( H# Y! H 10. Newspapers and journals
6 t8 I9 s% k( R( r7 j* t* E 11. Records, radio, and television
$ I b0 d0 {7 k7 f 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* c+ V. }, S, b8 N# W t& L; H& j# A- x3 b! U- Q: f# X
Group Representations
6 y$ T# S9 W5 U3 P 13. Deputations
6 |) A" G! P! E/ J- s! v. d 14. Mock awards
2 `& `/ Y) f) w# _. g+ c 15. Group lobbying+ x& w P3 ^9 a
16. Picketing7 J3 V5 C4 z; e8 o4 E) p, Y9 R. V
17. Mock elections
& B3 T2 {, `3 S1 N6 w/ s
; S- R' }9 i+ b: aSymbolic Public Acts3 _4 W9 ^( V8 [1 G, l2 Q
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# K6 u7 A& D' u, x1 c$ _
19. Wearing of symbols' h6 W( ^; n% r
20. Prayer and worship: L; L- l G6 L k/ \
21. Delivering symbolic objects
" {4 Z: B# Y- @' E: V# { 22. Protest disrobings- [$ i# v- o7 D
23. Destruction of own property
) _4 U3 ~. Z3 T; c5 s8 [ 24. Symbolic lights0 X+ H6 }6 Z6 Y/ P3 Y K" o1 J; }9 W
25. Displays of portraits. H- p) `) m5 ]# r; T# ^
26. Paint as protest
, s" f% a2 [1 F4 x" z4 I- R 27. New signs and names
3 w1 a1 ^5 H9 W- V 28. Symbolic sounds
, _. r4 ]/ D2 j! h+ O8 G 29. Symbolic reclamations2 h0 ]/ c+ j1 h1 J/ {
30. Rude gestures! k1 q: S+ q' q( B \2 d
# S6 N& p2 ?3 W% t7 p% N
Pressures on Individuals
* _: _3 C0 z9 x( Q4 w- V! q+ ^" J4 R 31. “Haunting” officials3 U, |3 u( ~/ u% w9 c
32. Taunting officials! D( o; Q! M; Q* b A9 |$ l; N; q, Q e
33. Fraternization
4 r3 F! [" l* l7 d3 b 34. Vigils
6 K$ a3 j% z+ L# Y* C/ H" |* }& q+ R0 ?, y3 J V4 l5 ` E' ?% C
Drama and Music- m6 u7 L. d( U& Y7 r( q/ ~' J
35. Humorous skits and pranks
m3 h$ }. Q' [ 36. Performances of plays and music
2 B1 w: p7 I1 ?* C3 E C 37. Singing
# c9 f- A0 H: j) X! X: h x4 f/ A" t3 P
: z: s. t9 I" x: ZProcessions
6 I- O7 \! e( Q 38. Marches' b+ \; ^$ v5 v/ _
39. Parades2 u% d5 |# }8 y& {
40. Religious processions
6 X( R$ ^8 v! I5 |& S3 F 41. Pilgrimages
}. R$ h8 F# _ 42. Motorcades
# A/ k9 p, v( X! A& v& s/ w7 y2 \6 t) q) Q+ G' p7 V! m4 R
Honoring the Dead
- ?0 L- g3 I: f% U 43. Political mourning. A) u4 @# g; O R. r$ Z8 F
44. Mock funerals
9 g: h, X& ~: P& @3 p/ K 45. Demonstrative funerals
; _9 j8 b- B5 U6 e7 \ 46. Homage at burial places( p1 e8 ~$ x1 h2 M
" c# X6 t7 D3 Q
Public Assemblies
! z( N% s( n# ]" z 47. Assemblies of protest or support5 r, X* |# M/ M3 m1 H% P* @' C7 A; v
48. Protest meetings7 q" {; y* X# X4 F' j
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* J) y# x7 w: {7 X/ m
50. Teach-ins/ M- E8 ~: I; @
+ F& y* S: d- Z7 ]
Withdrawal and Renunciation
) B8 k& k* ~* s( F2 @! A 51. Walk-outs" A) B$ }8 p3 m$ l' ]
52. Silence0 F% P Q& }2 H) z r
53. Renouncing honors7 ?) l. k0 H! Q6 \
54. Turning one’s back
s6 E6 I$ r& h# d0 J0 W' ^3 Z- W: Q6 z. D& s
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, ~/ ?3 }2 x. q" ]4 A- i) X% i' TTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons* t( n1 r+ o: V0 j/ W2 j
55. Social boycott6 Z, e8 V3 H9 R$ w
56. Selective social boycott
* _5 ?" k& P: i2 T 57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ e! S0 f6 C; ^% T; r# x* M 58. Excommunication: g$ f* J' _' F3 H
59. Interdict2 k: i9 o4 O4 G1 g7 ~
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) t. C- m) h1 Z" A- P 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' k5 {* A0 k, E5 l
61. Boycott of social affairs
; O9 V1 W. O9 o& O2 d2 p2 w 62. Student strike+ l0 R( e6 I7 @4 ~/ L+ S6 ^) F
63. Social disobedience% e/ d$ c1 {5 p2 m
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 Y! ^3 G6 F3 f: }8 e
( d+ C+ g+ q" d7 y& FWithdrawal from the Social System" O) a6 S3 `( J
65. Stay-at-home
! v: e; {& f) a 66. Total personal noncooperation
5 q/ {6 @) J' q8 { e 67. “Flight” of workers1 A7 K: ]/ A9 ^2 t
68. Sanctuary; B3 ]1 i/ L O$ |8 x9 s Y
69. Collective disappearance6 y6 O) J/ N# h) ~
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
! O6 k1 \5 T4 N6 m# t9 r+ i5 e1 g9 t/ Y5 F' I1 J" n6 ~
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# |9 q- D4 x' p/ e5 HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 P* A7 M0 b0 Y
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4 ^( R( M+ ^1 U9 WActions by Consumers
0 X. }4 z- M t! g 71. Consumers’ boycott; b8 R8 Y! A8 B) v$ u
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( o2 ]4 n! W: O& G' p 73. Policy of austerity
( O5 T5 q+ b2 N! q0 Q6 T 74. Rent withholding
3 `& z& ?$ }* V. B% o 75. Refusal to rent# W$ U7 r7 R" C% p4 d" H
76. National consumers’ boycott
9 L8 b* Z/ R( d3 N; J' D M 77. International consumers’ boycott
. D8 S" I" R& E; w% c3 t( j
) M1 h" L2 X0 \: P; T. l/ \Action by Workers and Producers
* i$ r5 M! \' e/ L1 P' Q8 r 78. Workmen’s boycott, a- \' O; q6 z9 p7 V9 c+ y
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen
4 @8 t m$ o* C' b" w, R, U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott* ^1 {" I* W7 n3 z0 g
6 [ c- h1 ~" \" L+ ?Action by Owners and Management
H" m+ P( ]! g4 E5 P2 A. Z 81. Traders’ boycott
+ [5 a* x( x: c4 v3 k. Q 82. Refusal to let or sell property
) S# ^3 p8 E" y1 \ 83. Lockout# h. `1 t7 i6 C" z" l
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ L) B! L7 V: B2 g n; A 85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 [9 w0 x' Z$ j" r0 q
" E1 J# L" U# }% o7 N5 @
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
2 b# u, J4 f) a+ f% I 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ E% Z( r# u1 F5 \. } 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 j5 i& Z# v) C& p% H a
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest; g- J7 ~7 x5 C. M
89. Severance of funds and credit" m. M, P: { C4 u" @0 j" n
90. Revenue refusal
+ c+ `% E1 v# m' p, `& ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money6 i- q7 M7 [; m" j$ S
# Y u) h1 j6 uAction by Governments& d# A6 g" M7 ?) ~& u6 s5 O; ^
92. Domestic embargo6 O) K& g B. d' @# b9 D& k$ H6 K
93. Blacklisting of traders
- o& e. s2 C9 s 94. International sellers’ embargo: [ z4 x$ m T" H1 b% R
95. International buyers’ embargo
/ V/ ?3 ~$ {3 [9 U( d4 x7 j0 q 96. International trade embargo9 T6 k. f4 N. ~% E j
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' {) p6 k1 D/ H( t+ @
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Symbolic Strikes# w* w& _3 K+ \. E0 s5 o6 r
97. Protest strike
3 q- D8 N" l0 k* o" @1 r* |1 v. \ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 ~3 e7 H8 M$ d
% [8 V2 f5 s a$ s0 WAgricultural Strikes
$ b) Q+ X4 B7 {0 t7 c 99. Peasant strike, t# a8 S( B) B ^! D
100. Farm Workers’ strike
. R: ]: O& C9 y$ U* ?( V* o% Z9 U Z0 I/ N6 V% b
Strikes by Special Groups6 ^4 `8 }3 z3 L3 O
101. Refusal of impressed labor
}' ]( i( k2 k$ S% ]8 x- C; m 102. Prisoners’ strike
' H# @# k1 i5 T1 X 103. Craft strike k# M* ^" C% k s. `
104. Professional strike
* y' x0 q' z: O
- T' U5 @( U- I0 r8 r% eOrdinary Industrial Strikes
/ {# b* |( {8 Z$ `5 a! R 105. Establishment strike
! u/ q! ~0 l7 |* P 106. Industry strike. L! J" e i& K, S; p6 H: K
107. Sympathetic strike
$ I) C2 J# Q8 E0 E8 Z4 {' o, E! a: ~5 Y9 B M/ w
Restricted Strikes5 e8 g2 w# ~( D
108. Detailed strike
* s) `- C& o/ }$ H5 T2 B 109. Bumper strike
- u8 O! y& Y! r 110. Slowdown strike
; b4 n# i" \; n1 ?, V8 f 111. Working-to-rule strike S7 q) M5 K- ^
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 h3 o5 I8 U$ ^) _: b* H$ `
113. Strike by resignation0 `8 x! U) U. @
114. Limited strike; Y) d1 b( k6 U& K
115. Selective strike
3 J$ m" G9 c2 t; z- R( V5 w; Y4 t
Multi-Industry Strikes8 K' W/ ^/ U) f6 g' g7 r
8 E- K3 M% |8 j$ N! H
116. Generalized strike) x G5 w* l n' s
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117. General strike
- v# a8 }8 y, s9 q( Q: k7 g8 B$ [" v" t m) ]
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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3 P$ I# [) S1 m' r3 s 118. Hartal2 b5 S" e* c; i4 O' I! ]
$ N( p: z; D, Z 119. Economic shutdown5 b% j, G! Q$ M. F9 M1 S
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( y, N: R, ~* F$ j! H) z# b
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Rejection of Authority# ~( A, n6 u; O# t% D. G$ w) v0 }' J
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 M- n9 p6 B1 B. v7 S7 y
121. Refusal of public support
) H1 l; r3 j2 H2 a2 g8 B) \5 A: P" g 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ v& ?- @: h4 u, B
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
# e! }1 F4 y6 A$ u 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 b# Y% y5 m7 d6 y' m8 h' c' A! e 124. Boycott of elections
$ U3 x# q$ `5 _: E8 u/ `2 ?, e+ }: B' I 125. Boycott of government employment and positions- M, G3 U5 T7 n
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 S$ Q+ R8 o4 q1 e( D# ]
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! ~. e/ u- g7 R* l8 h 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 g* ^8 g/ O: J
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* X: Y+ d2 `/ p4 B0 | 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 ]8 z7 s, Q9 {$ R7 z5 O; W
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) w0 d6 h! N& n! g6 c
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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! X3 j) R6 T4 {9 mCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 o: n( u* @% |3 k' [. q6 L8 R8 _ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance: V; R$ b; I/ w: ]6 k# d) X
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision. V1 k$ p0 m0 \, s3 a% e
135. Popular nonobedience( `! B2 v' L# r
136. Disguised disobedience. Q9 Y) E0 u& K$ ?
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 i/ K( s/ V, \ 138. Sitdown
' h6 A5 e4 K( b: s2 a4 w% v 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- C8 T- S* m% p+ C; X 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 L* S" i5 s+ Q c) s+ g3 s1 b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 g: W& v; o! T, v: L2 M$ P1 ^* j2 y) D/ O8 O& w" D
Action by Government Personnel/ F2 k: f5 x% d
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. L! I+ k( ^# {' D) Y6 b
143. Blocking of lines of command and information E0 ^/ o2 n8 [& }* b) I
144. Stalling and obstruction
/ I0 I1 q; a! `5 z 145. General administrative noncooperation
: `. `& Y4 i- T
- e' N: ?$ K; ^- w2 `( T" S 146. Judicial noncooperation4 Q2 G9 W1 L/ | n
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& a g0 ?* |9 j/ W9 q! a 148. Mutiny
2 | `! Z$ J- R; dDomestic Governmental Action
# W& D, Y7 }: r- W# a. u 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 e- q: |: E# g" G( w/ `# i) k
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
' Z8 [( F, |8 |# u; V0 x/ Q
, S: q6 {9 Z8 s- | f f. x0 b+ M5 bInternational Governmental Action
H0 a) `* t2 j; i 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- d0 f7 ^. s" B8 p5 }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 b; _, T0 C, D( d ?$ c# l
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition s) i4 C I; z3 X; o
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% [" G7 j; P1 X1 q( D$ m6 | 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. m) n6 B# N1 U/ _ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" w* }$ |% }; h' q/ q+ i 157. Expulsion from international organizations) V5 |. b" K' q: \" @
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; c' u4 L$ m @- w; k! dTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION/ R a! b* [! m3 T
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, i5 |9 e9 ^* J+ _$ W& x3 R, vPsychological Intervention% \! D0 `( l# P% p
158. Self-exposure to the elements
) a* x+ j/ R1 Q @0 ^. F6 }8 M 159. The fast
. z0 Y4 o5 R0 C- r a) Fast of moral pressure" ?: m5 U O* [& i. E0 _
b) Hunger strike* I* s* q) c! o( k) h' B3 m
c) Satyagrahic fast; w/ P) t4 [ s2 v
160. Reverse trial
% ?6 P* x& H# h# o 161. Nonviolent harassment2 Z* j8 Q% ]( ~2 k! b9 O
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Physical Intervention6 V2 I6 [3 o; Y/ M
162. Sit-in: |7 U/ B) [" A5 ?1 s) i0 A. Y- V
163. Stand-in! c4 }4 @/ l( q
164. Ride-in
j, H0 b5 P1 L. F9 Q 165. Wade-in
K8 E! E7 g% V" K2 u5 O+ t 166. Mill-in
+ E. _0 D) [/ [& `8 [' k 167. Pray-in
. p/ |4 M) X* l& J0 ` 168. Nonviolent raids9 P" |' N3 D2 q% ]& H) ^
169. Nonviolent air raids
: h* V: d% O# D1 X7 [, c K 170. Nonviolent invasion
: [: t3 i) q8 W2 q' D 171. Nonviolent interjection
# u) L& a! L' {$ \$ j) n 172. Nonviolent obstruction
& X1 S5 J4 `* n 173. Nonviolent occupation
3 f4 p5 n: _7 r3 r1 A2 D8 o& R+ o% {1 K3 M
Social Intervention
8 v" m7 R7 i! H- b [, e4 } 174. Establishing new social patterns
3 F' x$ d% E& Y& ^ 175. Overloading of facilities9 j! s! _7 _" G% ` B
176. Stall-in: d* m/ d) I7 C; A
177. Speak-in N# a* ~3 G$ }$ @1 q
178. Guerrilla theater
/ Z/ x% ~4 m9 c' s- l1 Z) [% x/ O# O 179. Alternative social institutions0 x. g' T. Z# f' ]6 \
180. Alternative communication system
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; u8 F7 d9 Z! t4 c" R1 K0 B4 T% ZEconomic Intervention9 k5 F- v7 [& l$ K
181. Reverse strike
" Y- N Y- } F2 o 182. Stay-in strike
- k: W& I; G; @1 J! G3 C6 g- m( N$ r 183. Nonviolent land seizure+ }' j% q. N' q+ m, T
184. Defiance of blockades
\3 }8 k4 R* z- h5 m 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% k& H6 T2 R# T; @; F 186. Preclusive purchasing6 n; `6 w6 n% u- q8 F0 {0 A$ z
187. Seizure of assets' x3 [# S( p. z, k! v* u# T' y
188. Dumping
( }! D2 T4 Q7 W 189. Selective patronage
: g2 z; H% `. G$ G# _" q 190. Alternative markets
' W6 B5 b9 Z5 l: B/ t5 J% p2 G1 w 191. Alternative transportation systems
8 R4 ^+ @# m0 M+ K" t* D1 e 192. Alternative economic institutions+ y3 t1 N' l& m% d
2 z# L! p/ P# h- ]: P$ r
Political Intervention
" ]) @4 I3 ]8 Z. `" T! u 193. Overloading of administrative systems" B* |/ c& F8 b+ q8 h" P
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
: N, s5 r! o4 t. O/ e0 l 195. Seeking imprisonment
+ a$ {4 n* z K! j5 @ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: V' f1 a% D$ U2 Y# _' x$ G( V 197. Work-on without collaboration
- D) d" s& T% S& _$ z8 ?$ ^ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
