 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; j: n$ J& Z( H1 \9 mFormal Statements8 Y! `) z9 u7 F K& R, Y
1. Public Speeches9 h3 T* M6 P3 V @* w
2. Letters of opposition or support
8 w$ u+ T8 s) i) X3 T' y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 m% E% s- l! X7 p3 ?5 m
4. Signed public statements
2 w0 D& H+ I; F) { 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ x2 X1 t7 x( W* b! _2 v, @3 i$ |1 M 6. Group or mass petitions; H2 |" {1 l- u7 G) Z" H9 E7 ]
+ w: ?; @% O8 mCommunications with a Wider Audience
9 l/ Y" e; ^- h7 S: T( W n2 U 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# l/ b! d. X! j2 @- A
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
- ~& \' T4 H6 W 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! z* v. C8 ~& b& B 10. Newspapers and journals
, B" v5 \* `+ k1 r4 y. s' ?4 V 11. Records, radio, and television( [2 {+ f9 m2 @3 r6 a9 A( n
12. Skywriting and earthwriting' k- c1 ]/ b+ Q
- ~* }! y7 I, W' X, ]( n7 T' u( qGroup Representations
0 a; N+ Y8 c# W+ B# L 13. Deputations
: ], W* t7 M$ D' |1 h9 q! G 14. Mock awards
/ B3 X; z: e$ F: g7 O: \" { 15. Group lobbying
) T7 f5 k7 W; g9 a( S t 16. Picketing
% z* M: |6 ], P" m) t 17. Mock elections
/ n K, W8 d# {9 j
+ g$ i' U6 [( ]3 L$ K& V, a2 ISymbolic Public Acts
/ M1 r6 R- r A 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 @+ z" e7 O9 M1 `; r- ^. w: G2 p
19. Wearing of symbols* B* m! t+ r( }
20. Prayer and worship3 H. B; n" C9 b
21. Delivering symbolic objects* U( v1 T `5 B- Y
22. Protest disrobings
- f6 ?: a8 @3 U9 q# | 23. Destruction of own property
9 p( W5 a: n t8 o1 ~: d2 o 24. Symbolic lights
! K% r _9 ?' W4 t7 [ 25. Displays of portraits
$ L6 g& g8 D+ j, X+ q: [) M( l 26. Paint as protest; K9 W, d' u& i c' @; J& h" K
27. New signs and names# r& z! l* P# L/ F. z. p% f( I9 q
28. Symbolic sounds4 g0 ]5 [; X) G+ ~0 E) O$ A
29. Symbolic reclamations* k, G7 z% ~0 Q' a3 K2 u
30. Rude gestures. _4 B* N4 R" e6 d. a) R$ T
% S& z# T5 D3 J& p
Pressures on Individuals6 B9 W" ~ T' G Y5 X# n5 J% }. Y
31. “Haunting” officials
% E! K% A: R$ E4 u2 R% i 32. Taunting officials
- J& S0 w. J) `# i) u/ }' r 33. Fraternization
* t9 e/ H2 B( Z$ \/ t 34. Vigils; K: o" {% J; x
5 e' I2 J% ]# f5 P
Drama and Music4 o* R- A0 O/ r8 E' E) q+ c2 a
35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 X% w$ ]4 e# K5 o& x 36. Performances of plays and music
# ^7 i8 H2 I/ B/ `0 d e: R 37. Singing0 [& h2 }/ {; R
; b% G I% ~! P1 J, I, C5 F% C
Processions
. q) L! k# F9 ~ 38. Marches) I7 T* h# r2 x( a' @ A
39. Parades; @% J0 Y+ G/ p0 ?2 K# ]% \; a* t1 u
40. Religious processions
2 q+ ^8 y: Y& l3 c, R 41. Pilgrimages
( m+ A; h D; d3 v" J9 `8 T 42. Motorcades
+ f v" G2 M: z( n' p! j+ k( Y5 j! \$ X& d" Y6 k' Z# y
Honoring the Dead4 B0 H+ s# A4 n+ C& F
43. Political mourning) {$ C y4 A* ~* _# u- V
44. Mock funerals5 K6 @; r' P8 b% s
45. Demonstrative funerals( z5 g& s) g. y b
46. Homage at burial places
/ I y4 i9 g; }) h( l9 m" H% i. n0 l! r. y$ b+ K. i" M
Public Assemblies
7 n% d9 z b; t8 m' Z$ Z% T 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* e9 O9 A- t1 f7 @# b$ ]& f- y9 r; N 48. Protest meetings# c/ b1 E) l. @8 Q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ E, K& L. N- v6 u( l: T. \
50. Teach-ins! o1 e& U& Y2 }# N0 C! u, Z
* Z/ {- P9 P& ^6 N0 a
Withdrawal and Renunciation+ v3 M1 G* a/ ]- p3 C4 b
51. Walk-outs
. l& L3 D4 R5 ?( s( V) k 52. Silence1 ? a- ^0 U: E9 A# V
53. Renouncing honors
8 q, B1 T' k7 W3 A3 l$ e 54. Turning one’s back) C( v, k$ `, u2 `6 f0 l
4 g* l5 F* B. ]% s$ Q# J ' }( A0 `8 U0 B8 z. m; G; T8 W9 @
3 }8 l- K$ g; Y4 P2 _, ]THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
! J7 Q+ N: a+ f( N ^$ A5 E, X6 L
/ P3 U9 n8 [) l/ z6 @9 @# {0 ~- B- z+ R% Y
Ostracism of Persons
) G2 A7 L* {% p1 K* d- v& h* c 55. Social boycott: P* v; X+ L/ F8 O2 U
56. Selective social boycott/ K* R, Y/ I9 u0 S# f4 i# Y; ]
57. Lysistratic nonaction) L9 G, U; n2 n
58. Excommunication* ?! z/ j3 x5 l: ^0 B& m
59. Interdict( @, N2 f2 A% U4 X% h
, \+ b! ~6 R1 ?; i0 X. nNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 e# V S. e+ _9 y! L% Y 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ {$ A( V& M) \/ M/ X: c2 f 61. Boycott of social affairs) X( c- h2 m/ `+ _% C! u
62. Student strike
! B# w7 L( f$ T0 E 63. Social disobedience
6 p4 |: }4 L- t7 v6 F6 o 64. Withdrawal from social institutions, W' u; B: f& P% p5 ?; {9 J# Z
# b4 i/ N. C0 h
Withdrawal from the Social System
( N5 ^6 U; J. p* }) O0 O% G0 Y 65. Stay-at-home) t& x9 Y6 o& u, J `
66. Total personal noncooperation
3 ^0 \5 v3 Z& B5 s, x5 J! L9 s 67. “Flight” of workers! [$ A4 l1 x, [% t) H2 t' J
68. Sanctuary) U: t3 s! K& {0 ?# C0 v
69. Collective disappearance1 m- F1 W5 R1 ?& t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
" \! S( q/ T$ o! {
, D" F# M( q+ c3 O( R: G# T0 g
; s! b$ v, }! u6 }; [4 c0 r1 d" [7 Z/ O4 E
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
4 o8 o+ Q* ]! L) p5 e o, `( n4 `! _( ?0 S9 G9 d- d3 }
; @. i9 r5 D V; B
Actions by Consumers
f, E* K7 d8 x4 s 71. Consumers’ boycott- N0 Q9 m$ I* T' |9 @& X
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods E, G% f( b( p& f u9 B! ]
73. Policy of austerity
! u/ H% r/ ]/ _2 j% { 74. Rent withholding
" {" p& \7 w: Q0 A 75. Refusal to rent/ [2 k, n+ S3 G
76. National consumers’ boycott
3 f2 u j1 T( @; P( O5 v* ~ 77. International consumers’ boycott' L6 f# R4 P. a0 w# ?' p- M
6 E* V" F: b k* o4 N1 l7 D4 [Action by Workers and Producers
7 f7 k. Y/ H; S+ u( P: {# b7 ~" Z 78. Workmen’s boycott
$ `. s0 F3 w$ ]7 \4 @9 D3 T 79. Producers’ boycott
& p1 E& {3 b" m4 @
$ h6 m' y# n6 e! U% Q# |# AAction by Middlemen
2 n, v3 u! o+ o7 L) z! o, r7 Z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 @% `- Z* i% A
/ ~' y" s3 k! q4 JAction by Owners and Management
# }" |9 D; o! [9 E4 U: S 81. Traders’ boycott& y' q" n" [4 c& b' z ]
82. Refusal to let or sell property+ A7 s* L2 }0 K/ e- V" t
83. Lockout
; c. o1 L; P8 C! K 84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ }$ n! C% S' ?. v, y% {
85. Merchants’ “general strike”; O4 {' r* s; X
% a- s7 W2 K0 j4 s, A. i5 {* XAction by Holders of Financial Resources' s8 x% M/ y! e2 S
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. \$ J- Y5 y; y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) C' l- [5 Z7 l5 t0 l' l 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest3 ]* g0 `& y0 f+ w7 e; }
89. Severance of funds and credit: x v- d, f5 `0 n. F
90. Revenue refusal
) j( |9 f* ?/ ~, X) X8 d. e( ~ 91. Refusal of a government’s money4 K- V5 g+ |2 k
) d! D! X/ ]; L5 X6 T% D( x/ EAction by Governments
. \" E9 q' V. g2 I% J* S 92. Domestic embargo t M( o" {" D% m* g
93. Blacklisting of traders
: z, ~- U! }6 D5 y) A 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 m% I$ B6 q' Q* e 95. International buyers’ embargo
0 {) `' r3 x2 C, v" x 96. International trade embargo0 d4 {9 \! P/ O L
- z4 g/ L" N0 }% r* I* c ) c* u, i- k( y% }# ^* R
% ~" Q7 U! E2 ]- W. Q7 c0 Z; xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE H1 I5 a" R6 U- i$ X" S- x
& O4 H5 D+ n( ~0 [( a# ~0 J : O9 x5 D; p& h& m+ m
Symbolic Strikes
7 H0 j1 B W% E7 L$ b1 U* I 97. Protest strike- E2 X# e# m3 g5 P u) O
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
* X3 f7 r" P9 x9 s! v4 a
, A$ }. v7 H$ f A1 V7 n( OAgricultural Strikes) ^7 S$ V: S; ?$ }6 g
99. Peasant strike8 M0 v" c/ O, c0 Z
100. Farm Workers’ strike D; s3 \0 s) ` R3 s+ D# Q
" P$ [' J- b) B1 K
Strikes by Special Groups
/ ~$ M+ ?8 K2 S# X* g0 A2 W0 _ B 101. Refusal of impressed labor& _0 m2 G) s% P9 ?& p
102. Prisoners’ strike7 t7 Q' C5 i$ H; ~" H" `' B
103. Craft strike8 r: s' F, ?6 j) G& T
104. Professional strike3 {, K8 S. t$ {6 H1 q
0 L+ l9 Z; V0 z. z" W
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 p [' W1 R4 U: H! w 105. Establishment strike
0 a0 v) o- z7 Z! U 106. Industry strike
/ r: s6 L5 q1 b+ ]/ @6 ]0 O 107. Sympathetic strike
- X& Z! K! p2 S4 e$ ~- `# u, `/ l% Z5 n7 o7 c4 K! h8 F, o+ C3 J: a% g
Restricted Strikes- k% _# H6 t0 d
108. Detailed strike5 b/ L# B. \% i4 ~# @( R
109. Bumper strike; Y4 b r, L+ D; Y. H
110. Slowdown strike4 [3 F6 W) Y6 g
111. Working-to-rule strike% J# }, i% ^4 [; {2 E- e6 d" g# h8 e
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): _) U) N, D1 O
113. Strike by resignation
" ~$ N, C6 b- y" v8 s 114. Limited strike
2 Q' i: \8 {( b* l. ?7 Y8 a/ }# A 115. Selective strike+ u3 ^! a# U3 y8 ?
, f+ G2 |4 Y5 c/ `6 gMulti-Industry Strikes Q& [6 G' `* t) {
8 T! `) X6 \( p, i; m6 D" f
116. Generalized strike
1 }0 d5 f1 s9 E5 j) y; z6 f0 Z2 W) y3 `- w2 n8 ^$ \! U9 R
117. General strike, {6 m. h* s+ r9 \
7 C7 e& q# K4 i" e! W) J
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures) S% w7 [. O: W, U9 R, L
3 B' o2 |0 L- y3 _ 118. Hartal% a4 |6 T# a* `2 x: F2 h
& U% }" s) ]. `0 E0 F R5 g7 K 119. Economic shutdown& ?" r- c# ]& _
- G& I2 b2 l' t, n
) T3 i' ?$ L, k- ~' I
5 }6 Y5 l5 Q( s! Z/ K; }# yTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 L: j' D! B" \0 f- c% V% g
0 a7 z3 I ^; ^' Q) O- c
q8 p8 ~5 ^4 _9 Z: O+ O* TRejection of Authority" s/ F& u9 C$ g$ v2 i* m% A" V
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance3 i9 \3 f6 @$ F& }# y+ c# t
121. Refusal of public support3 R& @8 N: r: s; J* Z3 |1 V* R
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* U) n& G2 \) ]- S6 U& R- H1 s. P, _( E. @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 x" u9 [5 }5 P- v, c 123. Boycott of legislative bodies: e. t2 O3 s: m
124. Boycott of elections# f" d1 c, p6 T' O, Z+ I' B
125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 |8 d- B) Y& n
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: n7 l+ d& F4 ~3 g( D
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 u' U, z, f# m/ a6 l. m
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 h% Q! m3 f0 r; p. S 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 M: J/ j7 e. o# q) Q& u/ W 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# o; r$ v- e+ O/ Y7 t% P8 T0 s" B; |
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 G5 f+ H3 `. o" f2 b1 |) E 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; x# D/ j0 K, B3 O
9 E' W7 y. C7 S% P: M. R' i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; \* i$ }% a- Z/ j) _
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
4 y0 E$ ~4 P' w 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 v& p3 b4 f, e( ` 135. Popular nonobedience: p+ H* E% O8 Q/ P* _0 n4 K
136. Disguised disobedience
9 d0 R1 H1 ^1 V# {7 b: E 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
, [; u; U/ B; w; \" j: H 138. Sitdown# E6 } j& w' j" E
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# C3 U1 l0 A4 @: K C 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 u# y' A `7 Z$ l. l. l4 u& \
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
( ^ i) ^) p- C+ L u' k
- h+ [) a1 M9 A* D3 R) J8 g# O$ yAction by Government Personnel
6 n; r7 a+ Y L% f3 i, M* H 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- R- j5 c1 e3 v8 h/ A
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! n _& ^1 o, U& k% W2 B 144. Stalling and obstruction
3 T5 T' g% M6 _; b1 [/ T8 k( b 145. General administrative noncooperation' d5 W* n" ], S
$ [+ x# T; O1 [ d/ D# r
146. Judicial noncooperation
0 i4 K' K/ ?' ~; `3 z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! k8 `2 e$ f# s Q+ u& F y8 m8 W: M 148. Mutiny
. W( Z3 `* N# j; S3 pDomestic Governmental Action& X/ T1 W$ i5 q3 q% v) Y- p
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) y7 {& d8 D% a0 u 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ i0 ~. F4 r% N5 N) i
W% f8 p" _# C; h$ u
International Governmental Action
; O" H3 j5 c. _4 _: ]5 G1 q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- i l& s2 }- B5 I; } 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% W( J+ @4 \/ h3 |) M
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; S* G5 W6 Z, Z/ i 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
2 S! m2 W: c! C/ c( M 155. Withdrawal from international organizations, R" g! E" M& V2 T# l$ ]+ U
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 N1 c; O. u, a8 |* z% V
157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 p6 z& d! `4 A- Q$ z3 G1 Y/ }3 B& b' S4 ^7 R4 J8 k' L( U
- g. d+ O, c+ S( e! l$ y$ m1 ]6 C/ W' a7 }
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION3 \7 B* r3 _, \8 [ _* g
4 E: L9 {; i1 L& U9 x0 `- G % R5 \+ y3 M5 s1 V
Psychological Intervention
$ \5 J0 {1 @7 M) n/ c9 j1 M1 K 158. Self-exposure to the elements# \8 \+ r" k# O) P, p
159. The fast
# q7 Z/ w$ v" ]& a a) Fast of moral pressure6 w0 p. }8 x8 X& A+ J
b) Hunger strike8 Z- F$ X; z- g
c) Satyagrahic fast2 o1 K) D2 P2 A- {& U7 O
160. Reverse trial# j# ^! a. N3 s; h0 ]
161. Nonviolent harassment
4 Z6 }5 G, i" _/ N6 Y' d3 P% v! j
1 s2 S7 H3 w% i. F* i. W% XPhysical Intervention' H! Y' N: n% m/ y6 {) I
162. Sit-in4 [1 \' N* O A u7 p. m* e
163. Stand-in
& t; {5 g5 { G/ g' J& n 164. Ride-in
" v8 ] F# W* s& Q1 [2 M- J 165. Wade-in- N, Q% r! v, ?. U# ?: P) {5 e$ t+ L
166. Mill-in- S# _5 m8 \9 |- n3 ~
167. Pray-in' h( }8 Q$ O( W. W: j$ j
168. Nonviolent raids
% q" C! U) x9 J4 O 169. Nonviolent air raids3 {- ^6 W/ j, s" o
170. Nonviolent invasion
) ]6 N# }: o% B8 |. v& J 171. Nonviolent interjection& V8 ~! W. e3 @: ^1 e7 V. w. _
172. Nonviolent obstruction6 e" ?" |& X4 p, w, O
173. Nonviolent occupation. h% q- M* A8 L- D6 V r3 S9 u* U
3 C3 r: p t" \2 ZSocial Intervention+ f) ~$ _$ a! L& }1 @. P2 V F7 n
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 A, @7 f& M5 \ d 175. Overloading of facilities/ k, R- J4 W! t2 i5 m+ O
176. Stall-in
7 K. w; ]' T3 v! `/ \9 d. ~ 177. Speak-in& z7 m; ^& s+ c) w: }" F
178. Guerrilla theater
7 _$ `& _0 e5 e7 }* P( z 179. Alternative social institutions
0 T- _$ K" n8 w4 |# v5 a 180. Alternative communication system
1 |/ {% d) j: e7 r% _
/ d1 |8 J. d( ]! P, j* B: xEconomic Intervention% F2 [: B7 X9 c O% u
181. Reverse strike
( A" @+ c& W# k- ]% T" F% s 182. Stay-in strike+ X5 S/ j8 M4 }% {0 g. L* b6 d
183. Nonviolent land seizure1 {& C$ e# A( {! K! f: y8 x& P' \
184. Defiance of blockades
) m9 x5 X- @1 S* E* W0 B" e: d 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ B) \: k B- W4 _# \/ D; k
186. Preclusive purchasing
: ?" T1 y) e# _: ]- d, J 187. Seizure of assets' _: h$ P7 V2 i7 V3 [! ?
188. Dumping
( I) b1 t2 ]4 j8 _* ^( O$ } 189. Selective patronage
X) w" F2 N8 v5 U! m 190. Alternative markets7 r) ~* o5 D- X" W' ?
191. Alternative transportation systems
d: F- d1 x6 A, b5 } 192. Alternative economic institutions* N2 z: L5 @& ^
' u3 Q$ z! q6 d7 d2 Z3 k
Political Intervention. c/ ?0 W- C/ ^
193. Overloading of administrative systems( w) v( S8 w# _/ }+ ?4 ?4 n0 g
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( x. M! t' F4 d# b$ {8 s1 g& p 195. Seeking imprisonment5 e1 n5 x# a3 T6 ?( ]" y, r
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. ?; J- I4 {0 `9 w8 o" s1 V
197. Work-on without collaboration! V% o6 e5 V7 L
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
0 j0 e* X# ~* Q9 m+ [ m# ~! g$ }- i* D) O& }" x
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
