 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* h2 Q1 \ H8 [/ d: D/ {# R' `. Q5 ]Formal Statements" V* I+ c# F5 b4 U3 E. U
1. Public Speeches
& r; n& O) U( q c 2. Letters of opposition or support A& R# e) {7 ~# Z* Y2 m
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! |/ p6 t I! i1 P1 J, L
4. Signed public statements8 W# M% b+ k4 j' v. O
5. Declarations of indictment and intention% C# h+ [) X, G( X5 U m
6. Group or mass petitions
! u; m8 C V- ~# x$ G1 q2 R) A# ]
3 M' C7 g- z' Y( k8 a1 `- ?: g- [Communications with a Wider Audience
- ~7 e$ |( C( L! @ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols& H. A0 [4 @$ v2 J' Y; _
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 D$ t+ z S8 v& c8 x 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: s; B/ `9 S2 S Y. w# k9 l9 o 10. Newspapers and journals
; V1 D+ S, o; X/ x) x 11. Records, radio, and television4 c% V! Q' k, W' ~
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: [/ U1 o M# A3 { I! n- q# E6 G- g1 @. v6 S* b0 E# ?4 |
Group Representations$ X" r: M! W- V8 g. v
13. Deputations
. c# u4 n3 |% q5 l6 T 14. Mock awards, E0 x: M* q3 R2 O4 N2 }3 k
15. Group lobbying3 v- ^* K% x- E8 R5 U$ i
16. Picketing
9 g; |* u0 z R @# X, u0 K" z D0 S 17. Mock elections6 e% C& C7 q6 r) G
8 T: S" H7 Q2 |' N- T* f# J! TSymbolic Public Acts# x @9 Y" _# N( g/ g9 c" `
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 X; }$ {5 }/ _1 K5 h 19. Wearing of symbols
& j4 C' q7 ]; v2 X) q: w+ T 20. Prayer and worship
: @3 y8 e2 T( h# E5 e0 I 21. Delivering symbolic objects* q( Z: t4 e; P$ A
22. Protest disrobings* ?! i9 W# o f) M. Y4 P" L' B6 Z
23. Destruction of own property7 w+ r1 f' ]0 H" I/ b0 ^
24. Symbolic lights
# p# |4 q- E$ J: E' f 25. Displays of portraits
* A) b( @. b1 T& X8 M# A$ G 26. Paint as protest8 Z3 E' v- S# v2 b% s! W& P& g, o
27. New signs and names
3 r! ]4 K: S- ? 28. Symbolic sounds' l/ z! w. [& U
29. Symbolic reclamations
: g5 I8 m8 r6 A4 O6 i9 X. p 30. Rude gestures
" m! b# d# S9 R3 X) w( K1 u1 E; I' g6 t% L
Pressures on Individuals: ^6 J! F, h+ A1 l" J
31. “Haunting” officials
4 `3 Z$ l0 s+ f) l/ J# g! t C 32. Taunting officials* y0 X* {/ t i* ~, t, E8 c; r
33. Fraternization$ |! N% p8 [5 c. Y& ~. f$ i2 V+ h
34. Vigils
$ @, F2 l- s: m8 r f, _
: Y! S( h2 `4 X q* X! A- VDrama and Music
4 D( o% M" G0 T+ J o# O 35. Humorous skits and pranks* W; _# _7 b+ R0 h7 J3 I
36. Performances of plays and music
3 G: Z& W* N* g. n* U6 k+ i7 K4 ] 37. Singing
$ n$ T! B8 [5 }, z" I1 w: F; V
! y' H& L" v2 n7 E, ^Processions9 @ i( p* X$ a8 T: J' D9 q
38. Marches+ A$ J: X- D1 w* Z
39. Parades
$ O. j* _; S' X, c2 Q7 K 40. Religious processions6 T' I- m$ j. k& M( ^
41. Pilgrimages, F2 K! ^2 T4 f9 D
42. Motorcades+ ]- \% f5 M* r, x5 t3 b# s$ s
0 k( L5 r- G9 E& U* j3 R: A0 WHonoring the Dead+ g/ F8 T/ A1 X
43. Political mourning
4 D* J7 O" r5 S, m 44. Mock funerals y" x2 P; K( o! W
45. Demonstrative funerals. M+ c Y* g1 J- Z6 I" f& n
46. Homage at burial places J/ [/ l$ k7 K# ?) B4 j
: h# m# f! |2 B. m4 I+ d, C9 z9 RPublic Assemblies" g2 i) z, d8 M: J* \
47. Assemblies of protest or support9 }! s" V8 A( h. s3 n, q
48. Protest meetings. s5 U* k7 a3 ?; r- g, _
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* Z$ u ?6 K/ g
50. Teach-ins- s8 N4 S0 n+ `8 G
# ?( C. n6 O* h4 p- V" W
Withdrawal and Renunciation
+ a, {3 o0 a6 d, Q0 }% z 51. Walk-outs1 ^3 O% _% l8 |) { l: L( F
52. Silence
' p3 [9 \0 J P2 g+ L 53. Renouncing honors0 i% ~/ k: q o# k9 v# l* F" t
54. Turning one’s back# N0 M3 E9 ^$ ]
6 x: c' [$ t( z1 J5 x' p, ~. q' K9 y1 q
& K8 u, C1 y( E# O; v
9 t" ~9 Z7 D, _THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* h/ G; c B4 Z4 D- Q3 w- A1 p; y2 q6 [/ Q! `
% E! U3 x1 H7 O, B: D! O' } B& W' l0 ~- }+ G6 s
Ostracism of Persons
) o8 a( G+ g" [# c* r5 {# v 55. Social boycott
c9 I% R" u5 p; N$ b; }5 s 56. Selective social boycott
, e; j; ?- V+ Q1 x7 J 57. Lysistratic nonaction& } O j: `: }: P! \0 Y& \# A0 r
58. Excommunication
3 ~' g; n' ~0 ~! b. D) @ 59. Interdict
, B* I7 a/ M) `" A7 u; X8 m Z/ A" T8 E3 |5 \) i' q! z
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ j, _3 X% q( e3 g. H: N5 O: Z
60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 v: U @7 d* T- [. x, n2 q
61. Boycott of social affairs4 F( Y% J( H- ^
62. Student strike$ v' m. p: }: }: T# D& v; o$ l6 e
63. Social disobedience$ _% ]6 ~) ]1 Q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 ^1 Q& |* x) ]# v6 p- l5 Y- H9 H8 f& T" J
Withdrawal from the Social System/ |0 o! x" \2 f7 ^0 V, V
65. Stay-at-home8 l, |2 L/ ]0 X# f
66. Total personal noncooperation- N7 Y l3 e' P) I, z
67. “Flight” of workers
' z( a) m- q3 P 68. Sanctuary$ L, _+ K. x, o# U7 @
69. Collective disappearance
: [: @0 d# L7 W- Q- H e 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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3 J# ~# I; ]) o% U1 s* o6 F% z3 o
; j' C0 R( j4 I6 }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# e# e( T1 D" s
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$ Q0 f# b0 c+ M1 T6 D8 n( X
Actions by Consumers
& s9 U2 N$ v6 ~/ t+ i/ p9 w6 r1 M/ ? 71. Consumers’ boycott' y* m4 l7 S2 J* N* M
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 I* B# x5 N* Q# F: A1 f% } 73. Policy of austerity" w |& J* e- w( V' o% d
74. Rent withholding' ]- X& d/ j5 z0 g2 r
75. Refusal to rent4 e Z/ |* @; O" q* a' B* h( R
76. National consumers’ boycott
- ?. P4 e! n3 ^7 t 77. International consumers’ boycott, o/ E4 ~) z" k0 D
5 g7 Q& j$ O9 D* ^& y4 PAction by Workers and Producers
+ p. W9 ^& I$ v- e: q" e8 Y 78. Workmen’s boycott
* K2 f" V. N+ v. a" K+ a 79. Producers’ boycott+ z2 w/ I. U) A, z
4 R; w9 N0 a! k: {
Action by Middlemen" ]6 `; L* T6 l: H1 v* h, _
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 ^4 h' B" y0 R4 R. C/ y* w! J8 r$ Q+ b3 i
Action by Owners and Management' q; k/ Y- X0 k7 {) K/ M
81. Traders’ boycott
' `# m1 N( ^& M8 ^/ B( x+ K3 F- N! b 82. Refusal to let or sell property
' \( f P7 C& G0 P+ g) S 83. Lockout
1 ^8 B" b5 [$ C5 s; m 84. Refusal of industrial assistance ^* v8 d, l! i; }: v$ H' n. z
85. Merchants’ “general strike”" d$ B/ s3 K3 k* r% @# W
+ c' P/ _2 b5 y8 z! ^Action by Holders of Financial Resources
7 Q+ t' Q! C( |9 W! w" l 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! ?' p1 ^! ^' c2 U 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% x7 f/ L3 h0 J4 l: j
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 o9 G( ?+ W0 f! W9 i- O$ [ 89. Severance of funds and credit
9 _5 x; s& f w+ o2 T0 y$ D 90. Revenue refusal3 h- y; `# K b( _
91. Refusal of a government’s money
) l" P0 E( o8 `8 H/ b8 P
8 ^: w1 p( f3 l! d. q& OAction by Governments- T& t4 s6 { e3 `/ C
92. Domestic embargo9 g; w6 s# ]' h: _5 G
93. Blacklisting of traders% }( w i% t7 d0 J( n& }
94. International sellers’ embargo
5 m6 r" J, v* C U" f5 Y! B 95. International buyers’ embargo: J8 |, \9 ?" Q4 ?7 f6 |$ j( N, ?
96. International trade embargo
7 k# ]) U- v# {, Q# S
8 K' | u) e1 k 0 F5 ?% p" ?& l: j
. h0 F" v7 _2 y b* m1 w. WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
5 {: v' n9 A4 w" i3 ]. G2 k& J3 r& N2 M2 ?: p0 }5 K: N1 G
5 |, c( C# |& Y v9 ?2 E
Symbolic Strikes
" H* L# L5 N9 S) M% Q6 x 97. Protest strike( A. ]6 Z& I0 C: L* y' l2 ]
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 x7 L$ e2 t2 r5 i
+ m1 W, s; ^" u
Agricultural Strikes
$ c% r+ ]& q9 h6 n. V+ x 99. Peasant strike) g; S4 c/ j0 g
100. Farm Workers’ strike
- f% l# z% Y) d2 \- @$ F/ G# l
1 Z6 C v3 U) Q! tStrikes by Special Groups. w. p. g) a* T: i
101. Refusal of impressed labor, A6 q; t) u' P. r+ e
102. Prisoners’ strike8 X! _" r! u% {1 V
103. Craft strike2 p. {, R( y- N/ _5 C1 \
104. Professional strike
4 a; j C2 o; k; \5 ]/ C4 c- D" z: V J9 f7 e) S/ a4 M0 A
Ordinary Industrial Strikes; _0 ~; B5 ~3 j8 I8 J& t9 c5 i
105. Establishment strike$ A, ^( r0 t; t$ \" Q8 m
106. Industry strike- C! u' m5 Z: n2 P9 {: L
107. Sympathetic strike
O1 c. Q) y$ |9 n3 U, a) c# e5 v) e* A1 _# r# d0 f
Restricted Strikes
% Y! Q M* {4 K$ g 108. Detailed strike) T% c# d( P& l L
109. Bumper strike
# ]% T, L: c9 ^6 G 110. Slowdown strike
: `8 M3 N% }3 f- i2 C9 d, O 111. Working-to-rule strike! E, V$ m5 X+ Q6 ?' P
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
# o1 l: T3 A& [7 N9 X0 c% n s1 l 113. Strike by resignation. i4 H* q' [, G' k3 z5 R9 _
114. Limited strike1 z7 o9 l/ A2 @8 |2 F- B8 ^2 H% V8 b
115. Selective strike
2 N3 S* v! l9 w9 B! |4 T1 m( r: X) }+ F8 e% U# V, T
Multi-Industry Strikes
5 k$ h2 X$ d6 C3 v2 R! m1 S' a0 K9 k2 K/ b" j
116. Generalized strike7 x2 B6 ?# q( y" [- U5 L
0 o- i u% s. M; C6 }) @: t
117. General strike e5 ?& N# E( }0 r- K0 @# W( s7 B
, I. h4 k+ o6 \4 d
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures( F7 J+ D8 q, Y
8 g6 E" w& J L w3 j; }, `
118. Hartal
4 J& C3 r" t2 M, i5 _1 X+ l) ^ l; G* A
119. Economic shutdown8 {1 `8 {6 K+ I8 n/ K
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9 D/ Z+ _4 r- {8 P, \. e3 q4 TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION+ Y0 I4 Q$ _, l: p4 W$ S( i+ `1 _
! |! U, C4 f5 U8 B1 C0 f, G % e7 M% H- _: r- N$ I( \! I$ R
Rejection of Authority" p% ~! C$ W0 c8 |: H2 c
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 ^: `+ v/ Y# ~7 `+ H3 _6 N9 `+ \ 121. Refusal of public support5 ~* ~4 ~5 R/ B
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ k$ H* W0 k3 k* e Y" `8 S* M4 w+ S: Q9 W t& u3 ~0 b) k
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government; k4 S7 I9 z# B% a4 |
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& U. p* j- Q& U3 Z3 Y# F; A 124. Boycott of elections! C! @+ V: x, x
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% j1 m+ `! Z5 X1 ]; o" b 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: U' t/ C# w n5 ] 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# W8 s) q y& @6 W 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( o9 H* g% [; x, {- q
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 O( t: v7 k9 f4 w7 J% G
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks, ]* z3 w3 J& R; c
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
# C R* ~$ ?. K' Q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 O6 S% o2 h0 j
1 p6 e2 [$ u7 S' tCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( t1 k) k$ q' |6 O; b1 O; ~ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- M5 w; [0 O0 {+ j. M& P* V 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 i* L+ E/ v2 q9 J8 n9 t
135. Popular nonobedience
9 M. q) i5 l5 Y7 V. N5 S/ h% H; ` 136. Disguised disobedience5 r4 l( O l7 s# `- {
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 M9 `% \9 P$ \. u- E) {+ N7 d# e* b
138. Sitdown3 P6 l6 X, z3 O% u! X% V% C* e% E
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' W+ k2 O5 ?# k6 j; N. N
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) i: E/ W8 u9 T0 u5 g4 a 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; u, o! X0 V; r- u, E% v
. B5 W. V$ ]! `+ d; P# P- Y9 N
Action by Government Personnel2 D9 G( |6 K7 O& G; J
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
& r/ m+ q! x% @% c3 ] 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 K) [4 q v3 N' X. F q 144. Stalling and obstruction
# S3 h3 @2 Z5 N; f. p* N 145. General administrative noncooperation) b/ `, E' y( G
. @3 P* G. o* h) b! K 146. Judicial noncooperation4 ]! ^: W. G- P8 R
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! B @4 F; k+ K4 E, v- B 148. Mutiny' ~ O- j9 M. C9 [5 c+ Q
Domestic Governmental Action( g3 @* u2 R" p/ `9 D) b/ M/ O
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays4 s1 a. f) I, z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 P6 K, U, [ D( ^0 c j( v% T; l/ N2 F# E1 C% [
International Governmental Action
" m% [9 T5 m. ^& m3 C& N 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" c# p; A. f" f. j
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 S) z7 U4 O" F' M# w Z) S
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ l/ S- O; R, H: u$ E) P. @ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 S( r6 C e/ G Z w 155. Withdrawal from international organizations, a# [1 i r' R8 u, z
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
$ _4 M1 x8 u$ M' r, @* T 157. Expulsion from international organizations2 f* g! y( v3 y3 {
3 C2 X# r* M+ F$ |- t- ^8 X
( ~0 \- }( e' n8 s" s7 [: U% B3 y5 R' H( S% i) ~
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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+ d7 T$ n5 }9 F/ x R1 m5 b9 P
! M9 V! X" M0 N9 I( y: }/ ^ y3 DPsychological Intervention: U$ g/ r& v# _
158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 R5 P: a' I2 D0 v. b 159. The fast
3 }' s0 m% j/ [$ n, j. U( b, V; O a) Fast of moral pressure4 B% a5 ^. v* L) k9 k
b) Hunger strike
$ }9 a. h" l) [% _ c) Satyagrahic fast" b g/ D! _4 n! r% k9 T; p$ P& O% l
160. Reverse trial0 w8 ?5 k+ w8 T( ?% C
161. Nonviolent harassment& Z$ {1 X$ r5 ~
0 d2 s: R! M8 |- q9 SPhysical Intervention
1 \0 y7 H8 A# d, ?& \, f x 162. Sit-in7 q* g/ @$ R0 H( P( I1 f5 Y
163. Stand-in
7 O! C3 {8 w5 o: g9 n3 ^; R2 h2 T( ? 164. Ride-in: `" t. G. N) }. H1 u2 |
165. Wade-in3 p' e' S9 H+ S9 s4 j
166. Mill-in
" p* b& y% l) v5 Y! r' J' C 167. Pray-in0 i( P- Y- ?) p, D
168. Nonviolent raids
! K' n# S L) Q5 ~& v2 h% F: ^ 169. Nonviolent air raids
1 H9 Y( G0 c' I3 X# E+ M 170. Nonviolent invasion
. k" s- p9 K; `0 L0 S 171. Nonviolent interjection
# c1 G3 p4 _( r3 \; s/ F& ~: p9 V 172. Nonviolent obstruction. K6 A1 `. C. _. z
173. Nonviolent occupation
# h; v. |/ y' B) @
9 @( h! w, A, O/ T8 j& ^. K' ySocial Intervention
5 k( u6 |/ b: v9 `* ^ 174. Establishing new social patterns
3 x% V# |* j& } 175. Overloading of facilities! V" {8 {9 ]$ {9 e9 k
176. Stall-in
" _1 a C# }6 u) q" Q4 k 177. Speak-in1 R, x" x2 A. [5 p% ^& K/ n' ]
178. Guerrilla theater f- h& I, p8 U. _- T/ }: R3 D
179. Alternative social institutions
3 M2 v7 I5 D o7 h: x, ? 180. Alternative communication system0 Q' C l. `" j( J
* [0 G( X, ^' h o
Economic Intervention
! z( z0 T0 P( Q8 W c 181. Reverse strike
2 v* N* \$ u M: v 182. Stay-in strike
) M- @2 I9 Z# i! O* k 183. Nonviolent land seizure/ L. Z! g9 R4 `# [8 G' f
184. Defiance of blockades
& C, d& N" F9 V 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- H4 D3 `& o( t# G 186. Preclusive purchasing
/ O7 X/ p2 L: B. x. L 187. Seizure of assets1 g) `9 u. u9 I5 n. m3 e
188. Dumping, y# t6 J1 A. f4 g" R
189. Selective patronage
, E, {$ l: _7 B4 R+ { 190. Alternative markets, v9 s+ }* Z8 E) I
191. Alternative transportation systems
* c M* i; R6 ]) e! U3 z- h" f5 Z 192. Alternative economic institutions
7 \% C) [9 w! J- a; v2 E- D/ J6 ]8 c: ^/ `- f
Political Intervention
: o6 H& \/ M7 o1 ?, y: j( ?& G 193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 }$ z" }/ P8 m z( O4 O% w# q7 H1 W7 ^ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 M/ ?% C# t, z. ?
195. Seeking imprisonment+ v6 X4 P f- B4 d
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 }' z1 C8 b- p
197. Work-on without collaboration @7 [6 \% a( M: ? S7 V
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 p. f3 s, c9 |
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
