 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, _6 {! P& B6 H ?Formal Statements1 d7 X, }; w+ E9 g. ]8 T# N
1. Public Speeches
# `7 w+ F- U1 @; r 2. Letters of opposition or support2 O3 O3 L; N, v2 G8 n+ e
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% \" B3 w1 i6 ~/ t" N 4. Signed public statements2 d; L# C' x' |8 ~8 |% B" q' f
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! |, B0 o( r2 S' v 6. Group or mass petitions4 A7 V) K: T4 g" [5 X" V
6 P I g' K. Z8 ]9 I8 }' k# D
Communications with a Wider Audience# T: x' U1 k" {3 j0 A
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 K D% Z1 p* f+ B4 W
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 e0 Y$ t" ?$ o* V 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, F* c0 ^. J$ E 10. Newspapers and journals
+ z; y( u2 o9 ^4 x$ B 11. Records, radio, and television
; A! F$ ~* ]6 D$ n 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. N3 s4 ~* z& J$ J5 r! k2 h
# n/ ]' H% q# f9 }Group Representations) t( r" O( u: b% U; a
13. Deputations
* G( A1 v% L" P& ^6 j 14. Mock awards
: Y0 ~* ]7 ]: c; |6 m# M9 d 15. Group lobbying
' E5 o, G- L1 f# U0 ^' @& a 16. Picketing
, j6 W5 b2 a! ]/ D$ I 17. Mock elections
w" c+ s2 L& L( A& R* j4 N0 ]
2 W1 o/ A) ^ m3 c+ GSymbolic Public Acts- R7 z/ Z& i* b) ?, C s, C4 z6 [
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
4 V9 G5 U% o) W9 D5 n$ ^5 Z: V3 J' u8 C 19. Wearing of symbols- F; y. {* x$ _+ S
20. Prayer and worship
: p; t* S: N4 A 21. Delivering symbolic objects
" l, M( L: e& O, W 22. Protest disrobings: w( R* t3 b' X) J, P1 ~
23. Destruction of own property0 I1 h- a. d$ c/ F3 P0 c
24. Symbolic lights
& T4 ~3 _1 g2 y# ?% y z3 e8 v: Z 25. Displays of portraits
% j/ B0 W F( l6 e8 Y( c/ c 26. Paint as protest
) [& t7 P0 W8 | 27. New signs and names
7 Q9 C7 g6 P" a 28. Symbolic sounds, b' v" \+ i1 }; H0 X4 X/ j
29. Symbolic reclamations. [0 a5 i. I) R2 A+ ?
30. Rude gestures. S+ d. x3 d0 b
% @6 J: E& b$ OPressures on Individuals* d0 N# t0 V4 c
31. “Haunting” officials
# B: T4 u# J8 g4 |1 i 32. Taunting officials7 B2 x2 F! [% Z1 E: J
33. Fraternization1 K4 c) L4 _& ]& x% f) _% z
34. Vigils
$ W5 m& E( {* u. f; i i2 u) g& L' y5 q* N
Drama and Music; }2 Y$ ~8 f! h' v* Q
35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 N" m$ c% W. h5 m/ E1 V9 N 36. Performances of plays and music
- k# K3 L8 |3 M2 j! u6 m 37. Singing- A( G4 a3 f0 o) i
! x g: |9 E8 g* @) NProcessions* l0 O' r7 ^% {6 ]3 u1 Y! ]3 B. S
38. Marches7 J1 i/ J- z- N4 I" X
39. Parades
4 T4 @7 _! l4 y 40. Religious processions. ^6 {" P' k& e ?2 W
41. Pilgrimages! S, D7 T. h5 F
42. Motorcades% H. _# J0 |' f: H# m8 Y
; V$ t2 { c) [& J: d- JHonoring the Dead9 x7 T' C- W( U, l- ], Z; `
43. Political mourning% P( D, D, k9 I. ]1 K1 U H H8 \
44. Mock funerals! z0 Z# V$ i: y1 k R
45. Demonstrative funerals
# O+ P7 ?* @2 q* `+ Z4 } 46. Homage at burial places
. S A2 x$ e* x4 v4 B" T, l
) X' w. L! \ E/ e/ s( y# UPublic Assemblies; M+ b' j2 N% N- B) b' e) u: k& X
47. Assemblies of protest or support& k# {( f- [* _) N
48. Protest meetings
3 D# f& q# l0 _, \ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& o# ~ P/ c& t8 g
50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation0 G; i3 J1 T5 }
51. Walk-outs) U* m' c& j# g6 V5 } c: j
52. Silence$ B$ f8 s. r5 g, u
53. Renouncing honors
/ C6 K2 p' U$ `/ {7 [+ G 54. Turning one’s back( n1 [2 m T! v
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. o: R: C h- B( Y; g- `
: M3 e8 v$ k. R* C) o 4 y& M) S9 Y8 ?8 t& R
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Ostracism of Persons
' Y. n) S! U; C: E ~3 u 55. Social boycott5 Y9 R# H6 O4 j5 E- ?
56. Selective social boycott" w* y- {, q& R4 m! `
57. Lysistratic nonaction( g) M) p$ y+ S5 y
58. Excommunication* G* ~4 _/ `0 C8 z. S, H' z
59. Interdict; X# k7 A8 E8 j1 m# J
/ v* C6 x9 v- B) F- C" L7 UNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* Q8 X) V [, K: I8 B. ? 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; l5 G2 K5 Z+ A 61. Boycott of social affairs
! `7 k) \& `6 K- h+ H, @2 f 62. Student strike
2 c9 J3 ?9 `2 e" {7 z8 p1 m7 [9 E 63. Social disobedience
; d$ [5 P0 N( d) a) a8 [% ^ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; Y, ]. s# l6 _+ L3 l6 ]1 Q4 y' @7 N1 ]
Withdrawal from the Social System4 c# L, y" I% u* o' b3 a# E
65. Stay-at-home
) q# Z+ [) L; r" e) e 66. Total personal noncooperation; z I4 Y9 N$ j7 C
67. “Flight” of workers; K/ x$ J( A% w: l$ r
68. Sanctuary" U3 x, X! r7 f9 \( R
69. Collective disappearance
7 }, k9 `" J8 b3 K' W! @6 A 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
2 E6 E+ p- h* E8 y# F. v4 t' ^8 M" p. D1 k0 E! k8 f
6 ]. m8 `$ x% x* W- H
/ r3 l; A( I' j H, XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( B. X5 k+ |4 b3 Q% f) R
1 U" L' h0 ?- I0 N 4 A. m/ @2 U9 l3 n9 b% M) [
Actions by Consumers t, g& p, B: ~+ A
71. Consumers’ boycott
8 N: g3 {3 v. H; _* L9 | 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 t6 Z! I4 A7 G/ R( A$ Z 73. Policy of austerity
9 j6 j. o0 T7 M$ ? 74. Rent withholding
% Q* F8 R- M9 G* R2 q 75. Refusal to rent4 k2 F/ b: R9 t" ?
76. National consumers’ boycott1 E: E4 D5 |- b3 i. a2 _6 ^
77. International consumers’ boycott; `) W2 \# z# ~ ~. }3 a, a
% y. W/ N8 z- k4 X0 [8 {7 vAction by Workers and Producers/ h3 P0 Q4 R) [2 e- H
78. Workmen’s boycott% w# n3 u. u& A4 ~! L7 G
79. Producers’ boycott/ S) x7 q5 E" `3 e3 i
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Action by Middlemen7 [. k& C5 q/ V: d) ]. C# P# S
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 g( x$ ?# Z! L* F' j9 o
3 q3 a. S. H5 W. \Action by Owners and Management& J, k0 c3 \# z- ^
81. Traders’ boycott9 f* }3 L, m* |
82. Refusal to let or sell property
4 I1 i$ {, N# x6 x 83. Lockout
8 b& j1 ~7 S& g 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
d# P: l4 p% c, X- g% s% u 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources: T6 s7 N S5 t
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& H8 m l/ u3 ]/ ?) n, [ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ [, G5 C/ d4 l% H+ z7 ~
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& R1 v: d6 b6 P! \7 x) e! @2 j
89. Severance of funds and credit
$ h$ S9 C; Q( {) n2 d 90. Revenue refusal
$ ~0 C) W: S8 Q3 n! o. k, T' Q 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 ?# W( B( y$ @" |& e+ U7 M
7 ^: s5 N" E5 e- G; [
Action by Governments
8 }' J/ V, x: h- T 92. Domestic embargo
& f$ u+ F' x* D5 S$ Y 93. Blacklisting of traders
+ ~ S: C: w* X: `6 ?% P2 f 94. International sellers’ embargo! T& D ^* l; {7 k5 L
95. International buyers’ embargo
* k( K$ s# q0 T, D' S/ | 96. International trade embargo* Q- g: _' N, H/ ~ H. D: F
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! R. S3 H- T& QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 {4 U- X) A- J9 p9 V6 }; S- q$ O5 G/ Z
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Symbolic Strikes& f% H) f) g+ t5 I; ]
97. Protest strike- U2 x/ y3 d5 N# w
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 Q- s) b9 h+ R" \( X7 I: ]( C. k+ L1 }
Agricultural Strikes$ J& @4 x- `& ~! L/ _' X
99. Peasant strike3 J, T4 \, Q5 Q
100. Farm Workers’ strike8 @1 F: D, z3 y8 E
3 a9 d/ U0 q& f$ F! s/ w8 G
Strikes by Special Groups) F6 d( c5 f2 l; e$ y/ T* k* Y
101. Refusal of impressed labor; ~3 l* y% Z9 B( o1 f7 ~3 c, O9 K) A
102. Prisoners’ strike2 G1 i: C5 k' y$ x
103. Craft strike
, A: A, q/ h9 W0 @; `9 ^# q% h 104. Professional strike
! p8 U* [ h% @0 A# F! `/ q; V- h+ D* U! S3 U' o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
+ `) j1 b, ^5 @9 w/ y1 [ 105. Establishment strike
( f6 }" F/ z6 ^; F4 ` y1 L 106. Industry strike
* u B# Z8 c0 I# X N7 F1 T$ v 107. Sympathetic strike
5 Q1 z4 }8 h6 X' m+ `! t5 u$ ^; k* t2 \+ _7 V3 V( T' u
Restricted Strikes7 I% b7 f. F0 B
108. Detailed strike2 i# |5 C1 u0 G6 o
109. Bumper strike; H) F; y2 I6 }% u" D* z6 `9 G
110. Slowdown strike/ S5 }( P' m0 c# s* R3 k
111. Working-to-rule strike6 f1 |* e. l6 i
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 t, l& G0 z$ R
113. Strike by resignation
' o2 \2 E2 S @# k1 W9 Q 114. Limited strike
+ _' e8 w; L+ N1 v) K8 P$ [ 115. Selective strike
6 U; r2 [! n; S* \2 N
/ l; J3 O; D) m0 A& L5 _Multi-Industry Strikes: w8 q: B: L, @# O" Q7 N. |$ l4 _
0 \. B4 e+ J8 |: i$ b: _
116. Generalized strike
) e2 H& ^4 O2 e2 m5 w% I/ {3 I' s$ x( Y3 L) u
117. General strike
2 p+ f& E6 I, b) Z
6 C% r" X& \8 n o( nCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ T" E& u1 M. K1 ?0 B) @$ ^
# Q1 e6 D3 n0 m3 L8 h! d R- n 118. Hartal
9 ?$ a2 V# E! V! ~* k5 k1 x j0 U; ?1 S: W$ _" q
119. Economic shutdown2 \ m& ?! [5 B& h: u; D
+ y9 A& k% v( w4 f' `6 o& e$ M
8 X1 w. }' X( F/ v4 c
) e" u- q8 c- |- Z' V- E* FTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 V" f. F1 X7 e x: g- i( Q& U
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" |8 \; k, ]" Q+ xRejection of Authority
) S8 b* }* q7 p; f- o 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
, f& m, v4 q& A) k/ u5 E% ` 121. Refusal of public support
' U O0 z7 z. Z$ T/ D+ M 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ g: a9 C& E7 `$ ]) X! y3 V
7 _5 b. x; N( v( r6 X* {% ~Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 c" _- u5 ]4 j* h: t/ Q1 N 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 X, y8 C* B' {8 ~* x) J 124. Boycott of elections
3 }6 I4 L0 u2 e0 i 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 n1 i4 T; s' }& v- R& j# R3 R 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 e2 Y9 K l) X0 h 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 |! E. X& s- j- q# }; m* |
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" t5 \4 G- R$ o5 Q9 H) ~0 \5 T 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 U6 n* f2 w+ l* i2 _
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks1 i( g6 W. U3 E f
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% R8 J- I0 ^' g% l% A 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
$ |" }- N0 A: k* h2 n. Q2 e: v0 \, Z4 J2 l
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience% h- {! k, u5 H/ ~: Q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 V" \0 @8 J: E' a- x. `9 b 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; G! ^. `9 K$ X( r
135. Popular nonobedience
8 }& m- @5 j* S1 {; Z& i! _ 136. Disguised disobedience
_2 |7 M5 O3 N F- u6 L 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ E- _3 G% E) `/ l
138. Sitdown
- M+ L' U% y0 m' R' `, }4 i 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ R$ Z7 F) _+ B5 a }) r
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) L$ H$ `( i y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ h: a; Y) X; {; E) ~, F+ r% ?
9 ^' i6 X. L# o' AAction by Government Personnel; u6 v: K# k, C
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 W( k# |% W. I* I1 e: Y* E
143. Blocking of lines of command and information/ O$ G% Z9 s5 Y" g! G4 F
144. Stalling and obstruction
8 v+ j5 m) W7 J8 N& g' X 145. General administrative noncooperation
* e& G$ C7 S# S# }$ O4 r3 q# ?) |
146. Judicial noncooperation
8 `: x4 @: I2 S( r6 @ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents. g8 ~" ^! B( |
148. Mutiny
+ E. I9 s- i, h% w8 `) ~/ a. |Domestic Governmental Action% W3 G* k9 }7 P6 @
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays" J# S( O& I3 A. M, @) V* z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: O7 Q. m; ^6 m% X) G
i- _/ X5 y7 d ]' a
International Governmental Action c5 `4 x$ p& e' n0 I5 _, H/ i( H1 i
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations% E1 H9 h8 |3 k% d% c
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ o# M* e/ ?2 T9 _0 \3 p
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 E" Z- E% I' g7 W2 w; z
154. Severance of diplomatic relations# l/ k4 e N4 K0 S# s0 `3 K3 I
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 `& b4 c8 W3 L) |5 K- N8 R 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 m4 U- q& f$ Z$ L( H( p 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* H x" w6 F. ]! [/ g# z
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Psychological Intervention
! m3 T4 {! e( t6 ]! b0 B; Z* n 158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 X$ H) Z C) H# ?% ] 159. The fast
; s0 Y- [8 x& x0 n; s) d a) Fast of moral pressure
: Y1 l* M2 o0 T) P/ P6 t b) Hunger strike4 y* R6 v+ e5 y0 Y
c) Satyagrahic fast) G3 M; D2 r$ h) ^" C
160. Reverse trial( k( I4 ?6 V1 B' [. |
161. Nonviolent harassment6 n( `( P* w! _% m2 T/ Z+ i
) c9 |3 ?1 \ [- APhysical Intervention
' I. {4 n& `8 T @7 z5 Y 162. Sit-in
, h! ^8 s5 X& `' F' L: k# ~ 163. Stand-in& M! m* b" g6 w( g3 v3 e
164. Ride-in# @7 D# c q S5 t1 y
165. Wade-in
" }1 o1 N6 t7 {" H: l 166. Mill-in
( o# l) m% w7 H. j/ e/ [# R2 A 167. Pray-in( Y8 j% ~% g B E9 T
168. Nonviolent raids
3 M+ @* j, G ` ]9 ^" Z! ~( Y 169. Nonviolent air raids3 E% ~9 B) V' k
170. Nonviolent invasion5 D0 v2 B! G) S, _
171. Nonviolent interjection
/ z7 S: c2 _1 _2 f/ O% ~! o 172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 T3 P& N0 h& e- }# `/ x- T 173. Nonviolent occupation
* l" q2 a$ Q- S% b6 \1 v x3 o2 A p) X" ?( w
Social Intervention; e, z; v& M# A$ L. N4 j
174. Establishing new social patterns
) K9 m- h" q8 f; U 175. Overloading of facilities3 N x8 @2 j$ q" y9 x) k
176. Stall-in
8 e% m: b! x( g9 q- c( h 177. Speak-in
9 U! |: f# S c' X8 ]/ |" c 178. Guerrilla theater9 `* _$ A5 c/ Z, d
179. Alternative social institutions% f- [: P o* H; V
180. Alternative communication system
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0 z( M6 d1 w! v' sEconomic Intervention
0 r! ^, I" k" u9 h. ~ 181. Reverse strike0 d3 p1 c! |0 [$ S' y+ m
182. Stay-in strike, T0 w9 g, C, N' W* k, i
183. Nonviolent land seizure' q/ P) H6 q2 M; A
184. Defiance of blockades: y% m) N" Q0 s- M, o/ z% L
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 c: q9 I4 W e7 _: s3 ? 186. Preclusive purchasing
$ p0 c8 K+ N) g W F/ N( n 187. Seizure of assets
/ x! X# }& M1 j9 y9 {4 ?/ @ 188. Dumping
; K! ~$ l7 U; N# O1 k) E 189. Selective patronage) i- J- K! \7 w1 u
190. Alternative markets/ M6 y/ a/ {; F4 c2 g* h# J
191. Alternative transportation systems }& l2 D. S; m8 e$ S
192. Alternative economic institutions5 [9 v/ C7 k7 X2 o* t% e- |
6 @3 z3 ^7 a, C' P, _. e: O S+ D. S0 ZPolitical Intervention, L. O7 c. U+ R, N9 x2 `
193. Overloading of administrative systems9 n0 l H4 z" h# a
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
% [" R- E) n( z4 r1 F) n) e. l 195. Seeking imprisonment
2 X# T, r3 e5 f" w 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" H9 _1 o) w& G5 T1 H( | Q
197. Work-on without collaboration' j8 b K9 j `# f
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government/ z- F0 Z' \2 t, ?5 e) M
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
