 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 ^. {- @5 t+ z& D& ^Formal Statements
M% L. P( \9 h. H/ U" j7 [; X0 m 1. Public Speeches
# o6 D, ~% s0 u& T/ G 2. Letters of opposition or support, ?9 W) [4 m: m* y! s
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 f* H; ^ |1 e4 n6 L
4. Signed public statements8 ]1 F3 t& s- w; w5 p% p' @
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 F/ w$ [; t, ?( i! K 6. Group or mass petitions# y% d% b" A* l! w& v
9 C9 }0 d, z5 y0 p2 f+ [& B+ h
Communications with a Wider Audience4 S, t) b! G2 R: J
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 p. U, b3 c9 q, w- O: ]# X% u- R 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 y5 e- S3 ?/ G( Z% X
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ y- b4 s) ?6 Y* e* D$ U 10. Newspapers and journals
% u% e4 W- ~$ p2 C 11. Records, radio, and television
, S% f% @3 \7 Y6 y; _8 E: E 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 U& Y: S- a, K7 F7 I5 s0 H" O( `9 e' X1 J7 L
Group Representations
9 `9 `+ c0 x* W9 ]+ `4 i7 Z 13. Deputations4 u0 ^4 ?# u+ F& l
14. Mock awards6 ] ]0 t4 j9 }- s
15. Group lobbying9 N; T4 k: d5 r% |0 r
16. Picketing
8 \6 U2 F7 P8 Z* t 17. Mock elections- L5 A6 M4 Y3 l/ p# f! S
3 A( _5 A. E' B: \
Symbolic Public Acts
3 | c4 l! E( i: V+ \' M 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 v' ~8 e% Y M1 b) w; @
19. Wearing of symbols
5 g; n! T, g& U6 Y 20. Prayer and worship
* p2 e3 n+ U; I8 [ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
5 l8 l1 @! X0 ] 22. Protest disrobings6 I" K8 e: U1 h4 f6 P. g! l9 O
23. Destruction of own property$ y* M4 K& b1 u7 p/ g8 x- g& ~4 F
24. Symbolic lights0 p4 M) J% k, b- o+ v( {
25. Displays of portraits. v5 Q2 n9 y7 M9 h( J
26. Paint as protest
8 L4 h/ m$ P `) L3 G- | 27. New signs and names3 S1 T% e& J4 ~
28. Symbolic sounds) v5 K1 x: h0 b4 X. A0 k, K/ n
29. Symbolic reclamations; b+ O; V7 G' `
30. Rude gestures* S! ]. ~8 O: Y
! Z# d7 [3 i1 i$ m1 pPressures on Individuals: |( d" J6 a0 b8 A1 o5 ~
31. “Haunting” officials1 r: P7 Q S' j
32. Taunting officials, R( j7 b8 \+ @
33. Fraternization8 o$ }- W- _5 r B
34. Vigils
: c+ Z/ I, P: f7 [6 T% |( ?# y
Drama and Music6 D) o9 V( E: C* M7 g5 }5 s
35. Humorous skits and pranks6 y0 P( h- b: V7 m( W4 W7 P) m+ _
36. Performances of plays and music3 T: H2 L" `" f0 ?2 u
37. Singing
! U$ x" g6 O& l, d5 z) Q J' g6 h2 {4 J
Processions' l1 R: h3 E, `6 q
38. Marches4 v7 ~# _* Z+ J# }- C# C/ H/ S/ T: [
39. Parades
7 Z$ A4 p5 ~( a; o) L5 F u) T 40. Religious processions, v3 S0 l6 o- H5 ?$ H
41. Pilgrimages; ]. I2 n' |5 `$ Y' z$ j( V; ?
42. Motorcades
. Q0 c" V. S- p A" k7 S! c/ J8 o5 p6 M. _2 u' y7 U* L
Honoring the Dead
; L- Q/ ?( l4 b* _1 D. ? 43. Political mourning2 H1 w2 e4 V6 b1 X+ H* e& ~
44. Mock funerals
% l9 C4 B: O6 c+ v ?# H7 g 45. Demonstrative funerals. @; k& @4 ]% Y5 a; ~7 C
46. Homage at burial places! A! p6 s. A3 j
$ ^$ O! |/ }& y" _( L7 vPublic Assemblies' k! E1 F# x7 g! {' a
47. Assemblies of protest or support5 ~# ^3 h0 l8 n. O; D8 P* \. S
48. Protest meetings ]' u$ P D/ k2 d% W
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ U o3 }* S, p/ |+ w4 K8 j 50. Teach-ins5 |3 {5 T8 C/ M) T+ ~- t& K* E
( \ f' H9 \4 A0 B' R
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# h/ X+ s3 o( K) q5 R" A$ z5 T* z5 t5 ] 51. Walk-outs+ {# o+ ~: o/ ] n$ t! x: H; a
52. Silence
; [/ _3 _: r. e: D& J1 v 53. Renouncing honors0 H: E6 O( h: N$ x+ Z6 h
54. Turning one’s back
$ k( \9 t: |! w7 ?1 n# Y4 ~
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3 Z9 q8 q; t6 V' z7 b
( l. ^* ^! L o. MTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 Q" l; d2 C! S
. o. A. k, R: H- v! d, v4 L2 A
! `: ~' b+ q4 `# }. d: z
1 P5 h" f- F% p" r% KOstracism of Persons
. ?# U$ T' B9 B- N 55. Social boycott" q8 `, d- k9 D) c4 `
56. Selective social boycott7 z Q4 ]! h# F9 [7 z4 q2 U
57. Lysistratic nonaction
: r' V. I0 U: a! G 58. Excommunication
1 i+ n. }0 u1 ?* G 59. Interdict" V2 L7 Z6 t3 [" k9 x% ]( |# ]) a
! b( H' k7 p; MNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) E6 V# H- @* N# y- q/ ]2 B$ G
60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 N& T0 `& p3 j8 S5 V
61. Boycott of social affairs! Z- u+ n, T3 [3 ]3 i* ^/ p& A& [
62. Student strike, \$ E& N* t6 M! n! d, p. J' \
63. Social disobedience
( u) q8 f0 f( Z$ N | 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
: O( Y3 s$ H# ~
2 L- y+ W$ o# F. S! CWithdrawal from the Social System
3 v& j$ U; b% J1 t 65. Stay-at-home
& N, ^" m. n4 k3 n 66. Total personal noncooperation
4 L0 a# @8 v: Y 67. “Flight” of workers0 }$ c4 J7 g+ N! v/ }
68. Sanctuary: ] n1 w1 a5 y$ w2 ?: d" M* L
69. Collective disappearance( l8 L9 p- S4 q. t1 L7 K9 e
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 W: F7 m0 A* t+ {; a& g1 Z
, z, ~8 r4 y, v; P/ i _. I ?# h$ r) X+ P& l* W! E9 W/ J3 s
" L4 B9 ~' ~' w( u9 k: `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS) @% j- v; T, r0 v
" y) g0 m$ k4 A, Z" r; {: M
! `% D9 u, u4 K) I; Z) c1 ~( rActions by Consumers
5 B5 Y8 ^* m' J3 S# Z8 L! d 71. Consumers’ boycott
6 s$ P9 z% T1 P5 _9 Z 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- H5 d* j3 s( k% d/ f. q 73. Policy of austerity0 s @% J/ O( n0 J
74. Rent withholding$ i3 K- H0 s; i7 A% m$ `
75. Refusal to rent+ z8 L$ E0 s! _
76. National consumers’ boycott
# ?6 l0 Q4 D. d0 q/ [ 77. International consumers’ boycott4 S+ P, X& ~, {9 J
# u% Q: `2 p Q+ c4 DAction by Workers and Producers- |* m8 z" `$ N1 k
78. Workmen’s boycott
, b' T1 z; E4 r& l1 D0 L 79. Producers’ boycott
: h& W4 {, N$ F( N0 u) l
- U8 ` F! P. E6 p+ AAction by Middlemen
+ g- S1 a, k; O$ p+ M- A( ^ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( G2 O& s. p2 f N3 B8 ^+ P1 S2 M; I: R& b; R
Action by Owners and Management V9 h' _( E* n3 Z' N
81. Traders’ boycott& T7 R8 \ C# C1 G
82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 T' l7 B( V' D9 L5 E& y 83. Lockout" I: T# ~8 D7 p2 q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
6 B9 g2 U$ p. s' o1 s" L- a 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' C' J. @$ E- |7 Z! X& p, [
1 Z; V' ~& u- f, nAction by Holders of Financial Resources4 c$ Z( ^" W# p6 n% H% c
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! x, V$ {0 N+ h* j- e$ N1 |" }9 ~
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
1 v' L8 e& R4 Y. q( a8 ~7 B 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
& Z2 l, z$ e F# g 89. Severance of funds and credit
9 b, Z% E* _; v: E 90. Revenue refusal3 `- z0 H! [3 N
91. Refusal of a government’s money6 J. W: N* A6 z7 i9 \0 X+ ?
/ G8 k+ V2 v+ G: H' d3 a5 P! j3 iAction by Governments
2 T6 m3 @: D$ Y. w# e& _+ C 92. Domestic embargo
, @ |5 Q/ Y: L; \/ [7 M 93. Blacklisting of traders. f7 x Z3 n" Z- A% V; S9 d$ t
94. International sellers’ embargo
, W' f, f1 q! ^ \, @, V 95. International buyers’ embargo
5 x3 p5 ~; q: l! p/ f- e 96. International trade embargo
- ^+ @" w! Y4 K1 T L+ i0 J6 W0 H5 |) V8 u# I+ H0 O" j
$ n# _+ Z- m2 M+ v: C
5 `, c0 y# f) L; h, {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
5 i6 I( i; v. G' n% H: @1 p
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% S! [. I5 p4 YSymbolic Strikes
9 j4 c0 E# a- W: _; r/ j) |$ X: Q 97. Protest strike
- o% J4 s+ H; c8 }& r! J7 s6 T 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ E9 o; q, X- y: |
4 u3 F4 ?3 f9 ?4 W- |' T; IAgricultural Strikes' t' V5 F! }# p; [
99. Peasant strike
^/ [4 @7 o0 u- u" B 100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 S2 t5 l1 p& r6 ^% {& V8 U, p }7 P" X. q2 J
Strikes by Special Groups
" v% O5 g$ ^% |/ D' ~+ l 101. Refusal of impressed labor' u E T2 Y, W" Q3 P
102. Prisoners’ strike# r `& r9 w1 ?% x
103. Craft strike
. r* J8 k( g8 ]( a% B 104. Professional strike- {! e, `: e7 L& E% c" g
, k' n, S! t9 V$ a; GOrdinary Industrial Strikes
! n% D7 C3 ]8 w+ J1 H0 j& a% {3 o 105. Establishment strike
6 x" s3 n9 b7 [3 X( d3 \* M 106. Industry strike( H" o' i6 m t9 }
107. Sympathetic strike* s+ N; H+ g7 ? d
+ |1 p' o5 @" y5 ?* oRestricted Strikes* Z% g: R, E1 S4 E2 t, r
108. Detailed strike+ @4 c' e' x9 P* p3 y: V
109. Bumper strike
1 h I& X9 h; D6 D+ } 110. Slowdown strike
8 A+ y- U6 m1 A- |' \ 111. Working-to-rule strike# y- p. o0 ]( |
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 h+ c5 l. E% ^8 c5 T 113. Strike by resignation4 L/ Z3 e0 P( P
114. Limited strike
, u: c% W( y" Z, z9 g N8 o6 f3 D. j 115. Selective strike
4 A. e. F+ N' k* s. S" F6 t, D' t5 p; G" I% Q, m2 f2 a& b
Multi-Industry Strikes
7 i. x y: M& l/ Y" [0 v" y2 D2 {0 }. R q
116. Generalized strike1 z/ ?- C* c5 l" r) w
/ _1 J5 ?4 f; ~8 f% |; p5 \# } 117. General strike
6 l: q) w7 ~* M @3 j# u
; H5 x* w- d. o S9 w5 WCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 |, d E7 u) c2 J r* Z8 j% s j S v" y% h9 J( b( y
118. Hartal0 Z) a% @; ?0 ~& s. c, x
. `' y2 N9 R& k- \ ? 119. Economic shutdown
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Z1 [. q0 G# E8 n i0 z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
5 y+ O0 \- T& R4 z: g2 i. v- T6 c7 P" F: N4 {0 P
. @# a- z, M& G2 z0 `Rejection of Authority0 v3 l% X0 h' O2 S: r
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: r1 o, E: ^( K' C/ c! O0 u
121. Refusal of public support$ }8 o4 r0 }: }! N& O
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance8 y) x6 e! C2 ?; B
" z2 j3 P% r* U
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 _: [7 V; x' ^; Y% @6 p- t
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" f6 G& w( F! m7 D 124. Boycott of elections& ~* N% M+ H2 B) m
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ A% y3 w4 R! h1 N% k; p; | 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* r6 i, t- ~- J9 u6 O6 Q1 B/ ~
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) ~% C6 z7 o+ }" M$ f
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 j7 R) z8 {0 J& H9 C6 U- s
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents; J0 `3 Y3 e" U* z5 R5 L# ]" \5 ^
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks1 S: E# I: I% v0 N6 {- y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, j( Q' G) J1 {; i6 ~ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
$ H( y6 W% K# {0 r3 D, W7 t$ N3 B0 D
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 m& Q( m8 f$ n8 R& I$ C) w 133. Reluctant and slow compliance# f! N. v( @; U* H+ H+ u& Q
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 z$ c7 @; B9 o7 t5 w 135. Popular nonobedience
8 r; ^ s. p: [4 @: @0 O/ i4 [# z 136. Disguised disobedience$ L; z% H, q: [! S/ y5 ]9 z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 O$ ?& y% D1 |# @ 138. Sitdown
$ d' d1 x( L$ o& Y* C) ]6 v" P 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation8 a# C, ~# b% P5 L
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ \ }3 f9 S, t7 S
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 A3 ~. n7 X, P6 y, Q/ Y1 m' p" R8 A$ H0 z
Action by Government Personnel% V+ G8 [9 M1 @8 o. b3 s
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* a. m8 Q) b% i/ w$ D( c2 P
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 T- C" v6 V# [" s 144. Stalling and obstruction: L) R- f/ J. c) N" v2 q
145. General administrative noncooperation$ m9 z) w9 Y/ ^5 w$ d6 z, n8 _$ T
: W0 n& A' V( f 146. Judicial noncooperation
+ \1 R l4 |- D0 e" b 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ A( o% P7 S7 Y. W) W9 V+ L 148. Mutiny5 L6 |2 O6 Y8 f
Domestic Governmental Action
; s- r% T6 q8 o 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
1 n& B8 B& [( B! ?1 z% P/ a: Z 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 x% Y @& y) m/ }2 F: y: }1 @, l2 f9 z) d: x, R
International Governmental Action( D9 D# d1 u3 P6 S
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ s* D4 U% I9 M; @, _" t
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* [1 w+ ^0 W) j) K% V, [1 N 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 R; ?, t" l! N+ Y" \0 ^4 K 154. Severance of diplomatic relations* ~; g1 t& i3 S _$ |+ Z& Z5 l
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 |9 ]' V+ }: _$ A1 q- [ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 [* T# q4 _2 g% ~+ j) x
157. Expulsion from international organizations
* ^0 r# g3 R, [2 C$ u7 G! P: S+ U( d; L" [' {! N
& d3 k( y" V" }& E7 m2 X" I# s
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* d: U' P t- w7 a; ^
0 Y4 N% i2 [2 X, e( R! ^ Y 1 \# b3 n$ R' z( Q4 _4 |; |
Psychological Intervention
/ c9 t/ k' s! V6 @+ o0 l 158. Self-exposure to the elements4 x( Y2 s1 Z, u. O7 w
159. The fast
9 L! Y% B$ x$ @* I a) Fast of moral pressure8 Y1 d/ S- x5 l) ~) Z
b) Hunger strike t9 R' c1 c( R) c( W0 N3 v! ]1 W7 p
c) Satyagrahic fast
8 _1 [$ ]* d3 X. _5 E$ v 160. Reverse trial- {7 U* D9 z* T$ `: G
161. Nonviolent harassment
# Y- c1 n! q9 ?6 _5 s4 j! B# _" k; P
Physical Intervention
3 G# }! h5 w, n2 |9 i: ~' _0 p8 i 162. Sit-in' f3 q# M7 d* V+ ?
163. Stand-in$ G6 B9 b" d6 C- g8 M7 z
164. Ride-in
3 `+ T" |, R N9 }3 C 165. Wade-in. C; N4 M6 x7 G- Q! K9 N, C
166. Mill-in9 z: ~! d5 x3 d/ R. u' r; ]4 C! K
167. Pray-in
/ s; i& q" X- |! g* W 168. Nonviolent raids; d- P2 D, m- I
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 Z4 K* h3 ]) t/ W, d+ F5 ^- f 170. Nonviolent invasion0 ?0 t% V' L+ y
171. Nonviolent interjection
. `: H4 i4 i: t4 x- l 172. Nonviolent obstruction. K! q! n: N/ A/ `# w
173. Nonviolent occupation
2 w, i# G$ q' V' w |1 P, {; L" n# e/ q6 B
Social Intervention
( H" D+ P) r0 Y5 U8 h 174. Establishing new social patterns
# ~( ~. u& F( _# b0 F 175. Overloading of facilities
2 P; @1 B" p2 [. f. g- l: i5 S1 B1 X* X 176. Stall-in
' B& H# g4 O( ~8 ^4 q( Y 177. Speak-in7 `: @! J- ^* K* A" E. J: C6 M
178. Guerrilla theater9 @3 }8 C ~) D$ ?: e
179. Alternative social institutions% k" y, d# N3 O8 Y
180. Alternative communication system7 q0 q4 n& r0 j( |1 m
7 x+ |% p4 X3 A2 }6 [
Economic Intervention7 D- m* v$ {* A2 d, a, O. j9 M2 p
181. Reverse strike# Z/ N! }/ R/ Y0 [0 O
182. Stay-in strike
1 s* ~' U% R* y2 s5 k8 P& _4 d 183. Nonviolent land seizure3 Y, Y- w- t; {- B: D$ q
184. Defiance of blockades
7 h7 f# d& o: }7 G 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& V" j% M% T, y; Y2 a$ R8 j, a 186. Preclusive purchasing) ]" T9 _% D; d6 `$ n
187. Seizure of assets
& |- T5 M% N: D( C5 Y6 r 188. Dumping
2 }* A1 `$ \2 q4 @# Z1 _ 189. Selective patronage g+ M+ n+ [- P
190. Alternative markets
( I; H& O1 M; | 191. Alternative transportation systems1 |1 X5 i o* Q' B+ R5 c
192. Alternative economic institutions
- u- {1 o, B! C# m1 ^2 i$ U4 Z: s. I i0 n+ x* C
Political Intervention
" j* ^3 b Q. V6 X& H! b 193. Overloading of administrative systems
: E) I) B) p& a9 X7 b5 v+ A 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, e" A1 t1 H) U+ b: ? 195. Seeking imprisonment
( H* L/ D( d& {' ~1 J* @- l 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, u! m4 m6 w5 _8 v: z; j! ? 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 a5 ]; k; K! N" ^ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
