 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- ^. K/ n7 T9 e3 w1 w3 DFormal Statements
' |! N1 w. s3 Y$ v( j$ X 1. Public Speeches
. j$ U! @6 I; Q$ B' g5 K: p2 ?9 V 2. Letters of opposition or support
: h/ S& S" R" ? 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: |8 s% [, a6 o' y3 z1 l3 S
4. Signed public statements
! }0 c; E9 ], o( ?" v7 U 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) `( d; t3 d3 i- Y: r- n6 V 6. Group or mass petitions I. i" A2 z2 P) o' {; [
: ^9 c2 i8 r; BCommunications with a Wider Audience3 v4 S, [0 @/ b9 n# s. j6 p
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. V+ O& i+ R5 F
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# v* u" O! U. N4 I* i9 ^ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books3 u' a2 @' r# _ P) n+ x
10. Newspapers and journals
3 }, r: p4 m3 d 11. Records, radio, and television5 n N0 A2 s8 W& ^7 Z% T0 o& k6 V
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 p; V0 _' ?7 F$ K2 Q V; R9 ^4 F4 ]1 [7 S5 m
Group Representations5 ]9 Z% j% g4 D5 \5 s8 L& \- _5 }+ v
13. Deputations4 ?# Y. T( M$ a# E) p. d, n3 e2 W( u
14. Mock awards5 ]* h/ ~) s! H- |+ u0 G
15. Group lobbying! h' E: x1 O# }7 j
16. Picketing& ^6 K& I* l" l7 E% q
17. Mock elections5 Z, A }" M. {! k
4 ]% @# q( E. Y6 `4 x
Symbolic Public Acts5 i f) p; h8 n- b
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ @6 Z. _, T0 d# [/ L# b5 i- n 19. Wearing of symbols! U f/ d4 |0 b/ S
20. Prayer and worship
* P6 S! ~( p: w# B( h k% K 21. Delivering symbolic objects
p( @( {, u, S- H 22. Protest disrobings* k- f' c! _2 ^( Z, G- ?' ^) L
23. Destruction of own property- k, s& }; ^" x2 f) c$ n8 q4 I
24. Symbolic lights
7 ]. V3 x$ Q- }3 m" A% \* z6 R0 p1 i 25. Displays of portraits
- S% L+ D3 g" ^0 `; \* [: s; l 26. Paint as protest0 \2 w/ M* _: ^3 n
27. New signs and names
# q; ~$ q8 B! P6 T 28. Symbolic sounds0 y$ r& t; j" ~& |& ^
29. Symbolic reclamations( d# Q' {) J, {1 l$ X+ G; B, y
30. Rude gestures/ A+ Z- O8 `, l+ p
8 \6 O" h1 |; K4 U9 IPressures on Individuals+ t% J8 v8 t3 z; y* g% n
31. “Haunting” officials
C D, |! X0 d) g+ \ 32. Taunting officials) S& @/ h: \ x" ]5 W9 w
33. Fraternization% E5 n" {! ~; o, `) b) O
34. Vigils6 W0 T/ g+ C1 [4 ?
8 T+ @) [& J) a% vDrama and Music/ z9 m8 V2 ^" \* ~1 `/ Y) l0 C
35. Humorous skits and pranks7 j2 G6 N* l$ R3 i7 p
36. Performances of plays and music1 X( o" S H7 a8 l! s P' m
37. Singing
, }( W, d- @* i
' \! d# ]% d. N1 N7 a- S( kProcessions
1 K. Y' d" b$ z) ~* e2 D# _8 n9 ^( |0 c; Y 38. Marches0 t% C; s. ~/ R* s6 p% y$ ~
39. Parades
6 t: T( Q: g! F9 t1 O( e 40. Religious processions5 |" Q* C! L" n ?' l7 g0 N1 R' ?
41. Pilgrimages0 }' Z8 y0 W* |4 [ v) V
42. Motorcades
9 n$ W! i. C5 }5 _% H6 T
& R: o( @+ T) a# E) SHonoring the Dead: G7 V& d3 o- ~; W9 j" I3 V
43. Political mourning
6 q7 X6 h0 C J% A, m: y* Q 44. Mock funerals. M8 H" {6 B5 m* E9 h
45. Demonstrative funerals
, S8 ^" W( b6 Y7 A0 C2 { 46. Homage at burial places
& @% {' n& i3 \' ]! q/ ^; e) X6 m0 D0 G9 Y
Public Assemblies0 k* Z, k0 H/ }+ `4 O% F
47. Assemblies of protest or support
. N6 J$ y. z/ ^: ~) {! A0 u 48. Protest meetings% c% p- B* q+ e
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 Q# j. Z% [: P/ F2 V' v- t
50. Teach-ins/ M. _% t0 ^" p( M4 e9 u
5 M$ l r/ U5 [6 I% d: z( E& KWithdrawal and Renunciation
4 X& ?: k5 t; O- E 51. Walk-outs
/ M: H, V0 u* K+ b. n6 J 52. Silence3 f; G q/ l7 j! G2 O
53. Renouncing honors$ t1 z% W) p7 V7 G/ ]. n
54. Turning one’s back
, C2 d: E H" k' Y) l: q
) `7 L9 V! B: m! j4 H" K* q
! m' H4 T# G4 F( n- S
: K: S$ ]! K) p" K8 y8 X- Z8 yTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 R6 }+ W" ?, x) n+ K5 M
5 j5 L6 ]+ }6 Y* e
: x6 ]2 `% G$ a! z
" V$ ~. h. h. V& ~
Ostracism of Persons; f- u& a- O3 E2 ]% i- _
55. Social boycott
( Q; s1 k$ F4 C9 M 56. Selective social boycott
5 b: J( }0 C" b4 Y% t+ G* u1 U' H 57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 z, {1 U) l4 A* J 58. Excommunication% }2 @0 t* J0 `0 p9 ^
59. Interdict3 P" |* o2 z4 y0 G9 [6 m3 [% ]: V
% ~: r$ y& v1 E4 F. l# U9 [; j6 f$ e3 _
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions2 i8 f1 G0 ~* s+ g5 p
60. Suspension of social and sports activities i5 M* P& j" k6 ^
61. Boycott of social affairs
+ G) Q& S. p6 v3 M 62. Student strike
2 P3 \' g/ k; `1 ^ 63. Social disobedience
, ^2 J6 ]$ @/ O8 W5 {# ~. u8 f0 D- [5 D3 j 64. Withdrawal from social institutions s( g9 R2 R; P" j
& C8 m9 t) k0 C) R8 `) ~
Withdrawal from the Social System# k9 v5 n2 f/ }+ Y
65. Stay-at-home Q/ w- U" l7 z$ e/ K" m
66. Total personal noncooperation$ ]5 L) s5 R; S r1 `, [
67. “Flight” of workers
* Z" m9 q+ R6 B; T 68. Sanctuary9 \* \+ I, e6 a& w( Q
69. Collective disappearance0 A; x" Y- S" V+ S+ q: J
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 `- a7 \+ Y) m! m( ]8 H: e
) M7 f0 b( e+ E, v) I# Q
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# R! A3 [) x rTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
8 ]$ X; ^8 p- b
9 g$ B5 V, m$ W2 B& w V
7 Z9 x9 H" O$ h x# f/ E" E# C4 qActions by Consumers
' N3 V V) C+ m! d& i 71. Consumers’ boycott
- V' p- {0 {, c- ?! b 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: F3 }% W5 C: O/ X4 H; |( p0 S 73. Policy of austerity
* @: E$ b+ N. Z# l 74. Rent withholding" I+ Z+ F" e2 T# ?& t2 e
75. Refusal to rent" _3 T' o+ n' _8 f
76. National consumers’ boycott6 }4 |+ x4 x3 ^
77. International consumers’ boycott
1 @9 [! U5 \% @1 U- P5 q- E3 r8 Y& ^6 R- u1 K) R
Action by Workers and Producers
) s( O& u6 K. j d 78. Workmen’s boycott4 }+ _! U+ E( R
79. Producers’ boycott
, _4 s3 v& m/ o& T1 \- Q. T6 q, A0 X1 Z
+ q. m+ d ?% J5 N7 AAction by Middlemen
' p) K' i5 V& S6 ~) d: G 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* r6 v* b$ h. O$ c/ h
: d9 Z( v+ y* uAction by Owners and Management, z( [) j* v: ?0 q0 S9 z0 _$ T
81. Traders’ boycott3 }& [: S7 z2 ]2 H7 b
82. Refusal to let or sell property( w$ t1 O2 E$ [) x% a
83. Lockout
, b% e/ r$ f0 J' }8 K 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 U$ h7 \# ^* N 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 n# {: N' t# N* z
( Z& u2 H u2 d" C, WAction by Holders of Financial Resources
* B2 g6 |( Y2 [2 z/ [; ^ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 Y8 |6 k; G% f& J& P
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( p! S! \, d6 m! x 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* [/ E/ L" ^% q8 O; O 89. Severance of funds and credit2 j; j& H2 q, h- v
90. Revenue refusal+ t( E O7 l9 J% o
91. Refusal of a government’s money! @' z* T# _3 |
8 k# u4 M$ ?2 M* u) X: d
Action by Governments
g$ n% y3 Y$ @ 92. Domestic embargo
4 r, f D$ z' Z; a 93. Blacklisting of traders, j: L: W1 r9 ?4 I9 m9 U; H
94. International sellers’ embargo
4 l1 B' Z+ S! f1 p/ t9 i4 h2 z 95. International buyers’ embargo2 w4 j% ^2 i* c' @2 R" Y! u
96. International trade embargo0 s$ D* k6 l U; {) l
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+ J& _6 d: D2 s* a& ^THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
- t. _9 ]6 A. U9 ]( R2 W2 Z! Q- ~, Y: m+ ]% y
' _0 V, Q; K9 N. Q& g; DSymbolic Strikes
/ b' \ b& {6 J* N4 M 97. Protest strike c6 L# G _1 [% b' C
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 G c- u3 v& _$ S% v( y- J8 s3 L
7 K0 V; o* L" K* _8 n
Agricultural Strikes2 s# T/ B8 W2 `* P2 c
99. Peasant strike9 h* _& F; B7 E* h
100. Farm Workers’ strike
: _6 T( `8 v( r) d' A, q, L) ~
7 F7 M8 I O# d1 k$ H. Q2 PStrikes by Special Groups
- C' \( b% o4 ]6 a3 x5 I+ Y2 ^ 101. Refusal of impressed labor' ]/ `/ a& Z. D; z
102. Prisoners’ strike6 x5 e2 j& G* ~2 i+ k) P
103. Craft strike" q, d* A/ M. d
104. Professional strike$ V8 B6 w( |4 E. T1 c! O7 x
4 p7 q% a! |: { w+ mOrdinary Industrial Strikes
+ N I) D. J6 Z8 y% q 105. Establishment strike" ?: h' O" n- ?* N
106. Industry strike
+ A+ E) U) S$ F: L0 D$ P! N 107. Sympathetic strike
4 ?' }6 |, F7 N T. Y8 w8 m, y+ Y
Restricted Strikes# b1 p+ }% L" l+ h) ~
108. Detailed strike
: i6 ^$ @+ V* Z+ v 109. Bumper strike' e, z# D+ h. y/ N, u
110. Slowdown strike& P# \/ `2 R2 ` z* t
111. Working-to-rule strike
' f& Z; h$ D- O9 I# U |4 i" z! P1 ? 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* K/ d* A7 t* U; l5 k8 R 113. Strike by resignation
: M' H8 a, c% }9 N- C 114. Limited strike
) M2 O3 L* ^9 L0 Q 115. Selective strike
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/ R, |8 k7 _9 N% m) Y3 M) R% L1 r% dMulti-Industry Strikes
) l9 `0 L9 ?2 r7 Y/ a. `% B
+ O( Q# d+ j! O& e2 j* q; Q 116. Generalized strike0 f, ^0 p1 N" m3 r& z
9 j2 }; @/ Q7 K4 Q) w0 h' B
117. General strike
$ i( Z6 v; t5 U ]1 k2 F+ @2 q9 C. M m5 B7 D
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures5 j8 ]% o7 J1 a9 `$ s2 {1 S
% h U! Z3 M' x% A! e: ^% j
118. Hartal2 r/ r. j% [2 ~$ O! E- i7 k/ K
/ m* w9 I" M* w1 a8 | 119. Economic shutdown' j# c- N2 x r+ J2 k% o# }' w6 K5 ~& W
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' f% u7 a8 K9 Q+ t5 @
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! D$ ~( U z( X+ @! [Rejection of Authority: H- y4 s0 a8 }) u# f$ d
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% N( ~3 c# o# i' X: m. E) j8 R
121. Refusal of public support# I' Z* G/ X3 w4 c' R o
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 {& n1 p5 Z& x$ A
2 Z* A+ M- k+ D2 zCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government7 w: X" G$ O9 ^
123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 F! @" o V; z& ~
124. Boycott of elections
9 r, m. p+ Q& j# d; v9 d f 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, c' `' v- Z3 H# E( q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& M- L; W' B# B" r2 W/ R! e9 D3 n6 g+ i2 G& C
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 f1 k4 K# e# w, f 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 T4 r" R1 Z: E' y% Z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. G; D7 k4 W, x6 w. |. }0 o 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 B/ z1 U3 x1 `( R9 N" l 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials% _( } J% m6 n
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 ]2 E6 o Q/ X+ P9 _. r# e/ n5 `* ~$ j4 v" \3 G* x
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 F1 a0 [5 W% e( Y1 b) @$ g/ v( a
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( E# ]6 H4 Q0 b' @4 a3 o 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 V2 S5 K: u( }" y; Z, j4 b 135. Popular nonobedience
0 K( T: e* B r$ H D" t 136. Disguised disobedience0 E- O& N; S8 T" e5 A, U- V9 }) F
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ Y2 O/ m! R& ]3 C; P2 Y% i7 h 138. Sitdown
/ ^. Z# a: q# h 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' }3 C! f# P9 |% u 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: U- [, C d! u( V: V, n% l
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" Y: t/ M/ i5 Q2 e
6 M* X. w) w2 o7 k( u
Action by Government Personnel% E, f, {& [* p8 u; E5 Z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- P Y; O) K* w+ Q) W! f' h 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 _2 e" r0 q v& v# K1 L 144. Stalling and obstruction) S W/ k1 @" Y$ e- e9 z' V* ?2 g* Q
145. General administrative noncooperation) M9 ]8 n/ B' G, Z' Z6 g: Z
4 q- J3 y2 |) Z! B* N# R4 r
146. Judicial noncooperation- B; Y1 j& a. @# A1 }8 G$ D
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 |+ D5 P# a* K' A
148. Mutiny
. c) a, |+ J5 PDomestic Governmental Action" T4 H- C" I- k: p. l0 _ {2 m
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ D7 e9 t n& w8 y9 U& X; w" ~
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 V6 G8 I7 D/ z' X/ Z, r, `+ u" p4 g4 A7 p9 {6 s& p; {$ \
International Governmental Action% H s: t; `' P# i0 w w7 a. ^: e
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) j/ {+ s" Z' i" n 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ C5 ~# V: ~; {7 }# L# a/ t 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 N u* v y- @2 T$ J2 O7 E
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 z W& U4 G' X6 A 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ q0 X! y. f+ i! {9 y0 h* B$ R 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 b5 _/ a& Y$ F/ H1 e5 b
157. Expulsion from international organizations' [) h' x* W% M
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% R$ ]( t7 j; @7 Z; p) Q5 M3 i2 a8 TTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# J. G6 m; I$ I9 E) m5 [
0 q' \/ W4 I# O2 Y( _7 Q & o. M% X0 j0 f: Q
Psychological Intervention
, N; p2 y1 c8 a# r! C1 L+ K$ r 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# i: x3 h9 U# X+ Y) z4 N 159. The fast
3 o; Z' d* ^% P+ j a) Fast of moral pressure
3 ]1 X$ R& q% z6 U/ I8 r8 H4 i b) Hunger strike
% q/ n3 R9 c1 X8 C c) Satyagrahic fast
7 O9 p+ H7 ~8 f/ ~2 r 160. Reverse trial
) U, x& i; K1 F# v. S2 Y- | 161. Nonviolent harassment
9 ]2 _& w1 T, t, C
[' K$ G7 x0 xPhysical Intervention
- Y# I6 W- N! e8 Q1 D/ c- A 162. Sit-in
3 l9 Z% L. x( K8 Q" t+ N0 k- B 163. Stand-in
$ v7 D+ k. N2 D" r% ]' ~9 S6 h I 164. Ride-in
* |8 d/ d( r9 ?. R Y 165. Wade-in3 z7 C3 B/ e2 V9 `
166. Mill-in
, J! ~2 x3 O+ B( Q7 B2 Y 167. Pray-in
) s: y$ A" n U" @4 T 168. Nonviolent raids. I8 \* P0 G7 r9 i8 Q R
169. Nonviolent air raids& T; n7 V. P) T: W$ r% a
170. Nonviolent invasion
2 B/ m! r# @+ \ _( E6 v 171. Nonviolent interjection2 H) D: H, |: w
172. Nonviolent obstruction F( q: D# }( h( ?- R
173. Nonviolent occupation
+ E( v' v$ p0 b* E) X( \1 Q: W( ~2 Q2 g( D* ?" H
Social Intervention
$ @! d; r: h# @$ [" D0 t7 q+ M 174. Establishing new social patterns1 I9 d$ R' d" Q! H9 h
175. Overloading of facilities
; t1 G+ O4 w; b1 x 176. Stall-in
4 m$ Y; \/ u" m0 Z% o3 {. r8 D3 } 177. Speak-in
( c; ~" c& F& V1 n 178. Guerrilla theater
" ?' o H+ R" W9 [; W% ~ 179. Alternative social institutions: D5 a. q* j0 s+ T$ T; ~$ t0 w
180. Alternative communication system" w5 V+ p6 I. ~) x5 w ?/ H: U
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Economic Intervention8 ^; f, C% J' f# Z( ~' |( Y: Y/ `
181. Reverse strike
% B" o8 X8 n/ l0 D, `# ^: \4 X1 T 182. Stay-in strike
3 Q% x @3 l6 ~1 m! ] 183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 j! y" ` q6 i; v 184. Defiance of blockades
# Y9 ]. q5 j9 z: l5 Q2 } 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 {' G- y" U" P1 @9 f) {4 @# _! i( E
186. Preclusive purchasing
6 U- U6 L$ {9 b9 S$ B( I 187. Seizure of assets
) D. I( D+ _- ^. M) Z( O6 Q 188. Dumping1 U0 Y" i3 Q/ M+ c I
189. Selective patronage
; ]6 e/ j/ d- F+ t v! y! X 190. Alternative markets
% Q' [" c; {. H& [2 w 191. Alternative transportation systems8 I. f+ v: T' S+ `7 |
192. Alternative economic institutions
2 c5 P. d- j' H3 {! c& I
# S+ {# h0 g6 j" |; |5 dPolitical Intervention9 \$ L7 b9 w) {, |0 U/ E) H2 k" z
193. Overloading of administrative systems
" H. g7 M: z* h2 ]+ o; b2 F, I& q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 ~; b. |; \$ O, Z9 y 195. Seeking imprisonment3 z! a9 O l) i+ f% f
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 \/ W- ~5 m5 B- k$ E 197. Work-on without collaboration
s9 ~7 W; b( t3 W- z% }& t 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government/ s d. z4 c" |6 t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
