 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 a9 a X8 I. L" o
Formal Statements8 C, W6 D, N& l% H: ~
1. Public Speeches+ X X7 K3 k8 G* P
2. Letters of opposition or support
+ ] M! n) w+ u) U. [& C 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* |& ? Y2 } {0 W, k# \
4. Signed public statements
( x u8 q j9 o1 |3 A. d 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! U% P0 ?7 w; I" U 6. Group or mass petitions
. F/ O9 P3 K5 l8 N6 F3 X' T6 _) R, h5 @4 O7 }! T1 R, L2 A& D3 T
Communications with a Wider Audience! M; I. Y) v' E
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) _: C; o. B o; E: ]9 r4 A* u0 L 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' x0 n: @8 n1 e. V3 b. ?* q n 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. p5 D) d- w$ d! ^& B8 _' S
10. Newspapers and journals% e; Z* u8 {) ?' c5 H( I9 A
11. Records, radio, and television
2 x _- T8 J# I2 _. c2 H) _ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 s/ ?( X- J- I& \+ @# e1 w4 X
8 S' v8 C8 k) m+ ?& m5 t7 N
Group Representations/ G9 ?+ K* x$ }/ C1 }+ A' e+ j
13. Deputations# `0 w' E* ~. @' j' g' E/ s0 n, Z9 _: P
14. Mock awards2 ]" J+ e& [/ Q# p
15. Group lobbying2 Z8 K& V/ j0 D5 ]9 d1 j
16. Picketing0 z3 c$ N4 X- p8 g' `
17. Mock elections
: S2 A+ e0 [3 b3 S2 x# ]8 [: ~- r, n6 ~. f3 R7 F' }; O
Symbolic Public Acts! k: c+ F. H! \1 z* j, D
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ N% s; R& E* H7 z1 U4 V
19. Wearing of symbols
7 A+ K! H0 c' \! q2 r( r1 k 20. Prayer and worship
5 r% R: [0 Z- {# X4 u2 v 21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ z" _/ |* k. D 22. Protest disrobings* i5 d( o) R7 p8 }8 P/ ?" u
23. Destruction of own property
2 a4 ] r- t8 ?9 d. _ 24. Symbolic lights
: d5 Q& z, b9 N# _+ x9 r) @ 25. Displays of portraits% ^* |4 r, O2 n P6 R$ s2 M6 U( }
26. Paint as protest
# f( F5 L% a2 |0 _2 U) p. L( U 27. New signs and names
/ X4 f2 [/ \' f* X; r7 R _ 28. Symbolic sounds' O# |4 O# ^. i& g" j; J, V
29. Symbolic reclamations
. k. y/ N: W: P3 n: m" s3 w 30. Rude gestures
, j& o' v5 K% N( E* M2 u! k! }* I2 i
Pressures on Individuals
6 N9 f1 r' f# A' E- c/ w6 t 31. “Haunting” officials
2 W; _3 M0 f3 N+ H 32. Taunting officials
, @( r$ G) o' w# B* |4 F3 u' c) B 33. Fraternization/ X# U$ K# r6 z; j" j2 ~7 O# x5 M# `$ U
34. Vigils& X1 U. h' ^) b g
* S9 h4 C _9 o) _" `# k/ }2 j
Drama and Music
+ e0 C# y+ k5 L' q( P 35. Humorous skits and pranks
- U( n) A5 X4 w/ b" `. Q 36. Performances of plays and music+ m! E, V9 [$ {. |
37. Singing
G. R" a g }0 f2 ?$ a; e7 r( _2 f/ F( P. |1 |8 @
Processions
2 h% p7 J6 b0 v) r5 }' S0 c 38. Marches- b. N3 G1 R" a9 N( [
39. Parades9 R) I- L' v; P
40. Religious processions
( \5 u# ^4 `! N- C( }( Z% K# q 41. Pilgrimages1 ?$ m2 E; ]$ @
42. Motorcades8 U) e8 v& m/ ~& l- o; d+ s
5 S5 c* Y/ E" _7 H: }Honoring the Dead2 l4 C% b/ l2 L, H R: M {' e1 Z" ~
43. Political mourning* Y0 d% j% o8 V ~/ j
44. Mock funerals
& x- @/ q& N% M5 R! e6 K 45. Demonstrative funerals5 j: Z5 c/ r+ A% }# w$ s4 j4 s' g
46. Homage at burial places- v6 I+ q# Z$ [& i0 p, M" t/ a# x
. {% r8 Y2 {0 A8 F6 ]; rPublic Assemblies
/ _. `' h/ m# G/ g8 a% v" Z, v 47. Assemblies of protest or support
. y% ^" h& t) ^' \* g3 n 48. Protest meetings0 I+ w, ?: _/ U) j' ^
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 z6 C/ t# C5 K
50. Teach-ins
; }7 O# x/ P, f
3 ]1 y; H4 n1 a2 n7 A; n. Q; aWithdrawal and Renunciation
' r* x" D+ l( o0 f1 e z& @ 51. Walk-outs
) d5 {1 n, j- w* x- e 52. Silence
* `2 c' B7 m, {7 d7 A& N9 ]* h 53. Renouncing honors
# e, b2 W7 v6 t h2 F 54. Turning one’s back; m; {/ E5 W' q" L% H
4 l0 }- K! \" Y# _# {
6 `7 W; H& @9 v7 p
* v5 \7 b" m* H. Z" q9 x
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
; r" }( F( N3 J0 I( @
' y g6 {: N" H4 I- m' N 9 |* Q4 G5 y4 e' k& t" Q' T
+ c8 W) E* {0 `+ e6 Y' v9 `
Ostracism of Persons( O. _) H$ b7 } V& e
55. Social boycott/ y: W7 [2 k2 p
56. Selective social boycott2 t5 d5 {$ [. ~& { I& W; h4 t
57. Lysistratic nonaction* K8 _' x' ^3 n3 y0 @( x
58. Excommunication3 o% k3 ^8 ?% h- L# |
59. Interdict. V3 N# H" E4 Y, Z4 e
8 `+ V8 y3 r+ U% l3 m ], N
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, j" M, F5 E: f7 u/ [2 r" b, X
60. Suspension of social and sports activities; U, V+ ]' k3 ]+ S6 v
61. Boycott of social affairs7 W0 o; R6 J0 y2 y! E
62. Student strike
- I" u: z5 @6 @/ p; M 63. Social disobedience& L( K& y& | g4 O' o
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; n9 W. n0 |5 c5 u7 e d) B* a" n( h# K3 [% r% N* P7 e
Withdrawal from the Social System* w$ c, d- T# u x4 H4 z9 ^& ]
65. Stay-at-home" H& \; F2 h5 c8 E/ [6 @9 F
66. Total personal noncooperation% t2 b& c% j; r" b: g
67. “Flight” of workers
" G1 N9 h( E: C, I4 f, @! |' p 68. Sanctuary- g8 x" l9 ]0 x
69. Collective disappearance) m7 Z0 h$ l/ Z7 }+ A- {( c- M
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
! l" |4 y$ `+ ^/ r9 n
6 M* ?8 x& `0 q$ V1 s7 b
4 e- s2 U0 L! w- j" t! H }' M- b* ?1 ~0 z
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 G; [* l Q8 u
' P+ \/ u* G9 l( x0 }
( T0 _5 o; x2 f* EActions by Consumers5 X* M$ _/ j2 u& L
71. Consumers’ boycott
) {4 s |8 @9 e' y 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 ^: p2 k$ }) `$ n/ q; L' l 73. Policy of austerity2 h# [ g' v$ C3 i+ c2 e
74. Rent withholding, z! \- F. X' z# b
75. Refusal to rent5 @7 a' U7 |7 S: d4 o
76. National consumers’ boycott7 z& n# e, X, J3 U& ]3 ^- b; E
77. International consumers’ boycott; a( v, c* M/ o7 o# n
W! Z! B6 s$ c# W3 O uAction by Workers and Producers, V: p( n' D& R. |
78. Workmen’s boycott
: v/ J5 a& Z1 _- A/ d 79. Producers’ boycott/ y# G6 _" r" Y8 F7 [, q9 C
7 U4 W4 V3 E8 e+ @% D& kAction by Middlemen1 v- X( x! h6 y: n- b3 Y. |% f$ v+ Y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 z3 [' }, }. l) }( D# `' m5 v$ i2 G9 y. E
Action by Owners and Management2 ]% t; Y' h0 f
81. Traders’ boycott
5 W1 n( N/ K, C2 F9 m+ i 82. Refusal to let or sell property
& L5 L5 n7 y: z5 h" I1 d( l 83. Lockout
' ~/ F# \/ t. ^3 m$ L# _ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ J$ C* y* U Z: R. x. l& \
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
Z. x, i$ o# G& d- l; I }7 o; w$ E
Action by Holders of Financial Resources; l2 k+ [- q4 Y& a& W$ S: a
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ x" t; e2 E5 |
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% F" v! R5 V5 g0 S. d$ D+ S4 |! [ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 B' v9 M( R& _* u6 T
89. Severance of funds and credit
! |, R+ J4 _# a 90. Revenue refusal
2 ~/ Y1 e" W8 w( w" O8 X 91. Refusal of a government’s money' T& v+ r) s! [ A7 x: o
. }% y/ A+ W1 X0 I" B$ _9 N
Action by Governments, m+ t/ E9 J- x
92. Domestic embargo7 k* h: h* M! `
93. Blacklisting of traders" Z. Q6 u0 p) x/ T$ m! z! H
94. International sellers’ embargo
: b% a$ g% E) l/ @ 95. International buyers’ embargo3 g. m& c N6 v4 T4 l- E) x) M
96. International trade embargo* c2 y( f, p: O
* L6 _) w' _0 K" T- M' r- X 4 A- @6 f8 H9 }0 W* Q
8 Q9 _5 |& @. Q HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
* x) n" g2 e, Y1 _7 [
( L! K9 f) r+ N7 |/ S% N - c3 j! ?% k$ y6 {% A
Symbolic Strikes
! k% h. P8 Y- q% p 97. Protest strike
+ ~ {: \! b- @$ S0 i/ C& X* i4 d1 s 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
8 k, C1 K9 u2 E: q
/ X ]9 S; ^7 u6 t2 i+ GAgricultural Strikes2 u+ S: j( _, H6 l
99. Peasant strike
5 ~ M- S% Y# f! R: y 100. Farm Workers’ strike& ]8 R- }. i) N l
' w5 I' p4 b( o6 s8 P
Strikes by Special Groups* s. G/ m: {9 U1 _& v
101. Refusal of impressed labor4 r# J" p5 C% `2 W, Y/ e0 ?9 [& V( l
102. Prisoners’ strike
) z9 X3 c4 c9 G) p+ {$ W 103. Craft strike
! S1 a' @6 k8 D' x0 B4 d 104. Professional strike c( w4 m+ p1 L: G* S: q7 e
7 b" M1 I4 v" U. |0 E, s
Ordinary Industrial Strikes: i' y8 _, Y/ k b8 S
105. Establishment strike' k4 L) `1 [+ O; \
106. Industry strike
$ d# B3 Y' b5 S5 K5 w( Z7 E x 107. Sympathetic strike. R3 b: e* n2 _( z
) T& Y/ o* c0 T. L. ^: lRestricted Strikes
9 X3 b: j6 C8 B, u% x 108. Detailed strike$ T# N O6 T* S5 v. o1 B) f
109. Bumper strike
8 A, L/ G1 T' K \ 110. Slowdown strike% s' T5 k+ w0 p% F, H+ e
111. Working-to-rule strike
& M3 x: n% X8 O" F# E( J: @4 Q% ~ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' O# _( R+ D+ @& |
113. Strike by resignation
$ [% O: P7 y( B5 P( o' l 114. Limited strike& y% g3 C" b' A! j2 C2 D9 Q7 l+ t
115. Selective strike
& v7 B) N V: O- C; T
- v, R q7 {/ N5 P, PMulti-Industry Strikes
1 F* D3 W+ o3 s" Z! `9 w- O& g/ S+ C0 S# q; U
116. Generalized strike
8 k% x1 r2 d& U% I% u2 J5 Y$ D" R$ S" w2 [8 j4 a' k9 S$ a, Y
117. General strike
\4 l1 B/ x3 f( r
$ _7 ?) A9 B% P; L+ \- @' ICombination of Strikes and Economic Closures" ^. Q; x8 z1 K3 {. |! D4 h: F; Q
1 z7 l( Z! ~* Z. `
118. Hartal8 y8 S$ R5 p4 T, u8 `' }1 [
& W' b- t/ W& x$ x7 l. j0 N 119. Economic shutdown
3 t6 r! ? v! ^, p R, K3 @/ R6 v% k# d
8 S; D, L- m4 ?# a
6 N* C) C- K/ N/ tTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* I% o- v ?9 {9 }$ j
: n" S- L: v, ^6 D g 8 o, M- F( Y5 ~
Rejection of Authority% x4 F. O& K9 G2 G" s5 P: v, U! R
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance/ J A+ z9 L( F$ @ X% U2 m
121. Refusal of public support9 g: c: A/ Y5 ]
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( Y4 d& L5 i5 H# S% y6 g7 }. Y( W0 V
. A3 m' S( X" E7 A8 g8 J5 Z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
# K5 I% g# _/ O9 |8 {5 | 123. Boycott of legislative bodies& @. u- G# |$ S8 g w6 V
124. Boycott of elections5 L9 N5 x6 j7 ?% D4 ^9 u0 [* Q q
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! x# i6 h! a/ l- ?3 @ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 u" O: M4 Z4 r) k. A 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 B- `. c8 S* R7 m" M! x' b7 T* D
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 L( t& ~1 w. P 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) q0 _. w6 q0 S+ ]9 D$ l8 c) w( u0 L2 b& m
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) ?8 f) q( v% L
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ _2 o6 O6 Y |9 c+ W: K
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) H# J- S N# D. `: q
_+ L* B$ \) L+ w0 ECitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 {0 q% i2 E: Y3 b 133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 a, t) ?, T1 L
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. o9 P4 j+ L& u3 J4 _( ` 135. Popular nonobedience
5 D, D' i% f1 `7 Z 136. Disguised disobedience( s8 h2 D) o0 s7 `5 D" m) K
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse" [4 f& X. g& i, F/ f/ a
138. Sitdown: T2 d0 q8 W a* r. {4 k5 T0 O0 n
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 r$ P4 {2 m9 @6 J5 j 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# G p# j; Q+ J. A. k+ r 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws2 U" S) z) M! s# z* z
, H! n5 z: T; e# r& E3 |2 T
Action by Government Personnel- }5 |# o! b. `; A7 e+ @; X( b
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ _: U! S3 R! A- u6 X5 g9 [# f" I 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% z) R n. |2 s* x! q# ^ 144. Stalling and obstruction
" y i0 i5 ^. q. ` 145. General administrative noncooperation% j2 d, U' i5 ? {
& W% q) [& V `2 A& T- [
146. Judicial noncooperation/ k- W+ ^1 g/ r8 K( n) E
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- E) S! n/ x" c
148. Mutiny; s* \9 k; U' I0 J2 j( Z3 }
Domestic Governmental Action
8 A5 K4 Z9 \) p 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
9 A: ^& M1 j- X% L/ B' B 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 h* ^. s6 ]( P/ }
2 K) U0 \1 |3 s' ?$ i# a
International Governmental Action
" _2 R6 W9 t4 U 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
! ]2 I5 r7 R/ W- W 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! [( d* ^1 q4 d) U0 j; |+ S 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ q4 ]# z* u& @. d, r4 a8 Q* g 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: F! V% E& A# U+ n4 y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 T+ ^; u+ B( V9 D0 O$ f( x 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 D4 p, o" d0 S0 F" ^2 c+ A5 Q
157. Expulsion from international organizations
' K }7 E' X' c7 R) W- j9 I0 C
$ \6 T" ~+ N4 B3 N, t( ]1 | 1 D; p! J( S1 }: e o- g
2 }. M; h5 g) L) e9 Q3 p2 aTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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" |& ]5 w |$ U9 s+ ~2 WPsychological Intervention
$ s, e) p, t. K1 i1 r8 D3 J, I 158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 i9 u1 k6 f2 P5 T 159. The fast
$ m( V [. o0 p! r a) Fast of moral pressure
; T* F, `7 y: t. O' A) S b) Hunger strike
1 N# b& F2 I) ?5 g( a+ Q c) Satyagrahic fast
' ?9 M" |1 Z5 i( S7 w 160. Reverse trial4 |! r/ z$ Q( M- y, I3 b
161. Nonviolent harassment
* C4 V( `+ O0 z, h) |3 w' k. r! v/ i0 }$ r
Physical Intervention
. S" B+ s5 o, @- D+ r 162. Sit-in$ o d' F+ S, Q; q& s- x7 X# P
163. Stand-in
. P$ S5 Y# B8 P/ m. K# U) l( C/ R 164. Ride-in* g! [' H# J1 e/ l2 z
165. Wade-in8 q% J: R( M- ?
166. Mill-in8 h- q" W& U3 S4 R3 R7 _9 n
167. Pray-in7 k0 K2 ]* [* u2 h
168. Nonviolent raids
& Q& E. s# T5 L0 N* n 169. Nonviolent air raids; o& }. a: T4 i9 @6 e: g7 F5 }
170. Nonviolent invasion
# f* p* {: V, o3 e 171. Nonviolent interjection1 _& ]. Q& }9 f; K: u4 i
172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 p, r4 U: q! k7 Y 173. Nonviolent occupation! P: P5 y r" Q% _, N: C3 U* l( j
+ y" V, W+ n3 m- z4 d% _( P
Social Intervention
4 Q# q) a5 U7 a2 U o/ } 174. Establishing new social patterns
% r q$ z$ ]- q) j" a1 ~ 175. Overloading of facilities6 A% Q' p- N- l6 W" W E$ P
176. Stall-in
1 T4 S$ F- k0 e9 f 177. Speak-in
1 l7 a1 } q4 }% S 178. Guerrilla theater, q+ Y3 R& S; U4 b, u8 \( F0 N
179. Alternative social institutions# V! C* l/ e M
180. Alternative communication system* K, @# Z' Z! I$ R( {. @1 F+ e
3 n0 `7 s% Y# E: ?/ DEconomic Intervention
: S' z4 ^. Q* s8 E# k! I% @' V 181. Reverse strike, |+ g& I6 G. c
182. Stay-in strike
* l# t7 K# m$ K 183. Nonviolent land seizure
: t1 A; v- {1 ~( v1 I. r 184. Defiance of blockades8 \5 w# j k3 K" R5 s8 p
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 K1 p2 s d, g& P& F
186. Preclusive purchasing B1 R$ d9 _, i7 G1 X2 ^
187. Seizure of assets7 k7 Y2 Z. N9 c6 b; v
188. Dumping
- L; r* a+ t2 U7 M: l$ Z/ D( A 189. Selective patronage( V2 n0 [. ^- z! }0 C
190. Alternative markets
" L( w0 v$ ]0 v( A n/ I 191. Alternative transportation systems4 i, B& w/ h8 I% ^( Y
192. Alternative economic institutions
; [: u0 Q& g6 [9 a, t' p7 |/ V" e2 t$ J+ N
Political Intervention2 x' j$ z6 `# W$ b
193. Overloading of administrative systems" f0 S3 q; y+ L+ l2 G3 y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents O1 Q& l+ L: F" n" t9 Z5 d
195. Seeking imprisonment! n. G2 ]3 d- D6 y+ }- [
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 x: F/ y7 }/ J8 e! W% q
197. Work-on without collaboration
* q8 L( A! J( g: J8 ^ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 G2 N9 o2 l' x- z1 k/ J
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
