 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION7 C. P8 x% N- G# j. r% p0 H
Formal Statements
/ D' d4 V6 c* `, S% h8 }( I 1. Public Speeches( w: G1 ?, U8 N
2. Letters of opposition or support
1 c0 s* X3 D8 K 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 y5 G. U! \, Z* V7 G. a, x6 c 4. Signed public statements% E+ ~& T- Y! {2 ]2 \
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 W, u# U' T5 C Y 6. Group or mass petitions
0 I. i: d: Y5 [. [9 z
h# o) p; ~ _Communications with a Wider Audience
& ^/ W/ Y7 O' u3 W+ U! M 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: [2 i ]- _) t' `
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications X+ l! Z2 r$ i% m! S
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ V, D1 s n* L6 ~7 x 10. Newspapers and journals
! G' y" x9 |, c8 v 11. Records, radio, and television4 x& Z( s/ \" t8 n: M! p6 L
12. Skywriting and earthwriting% @- ^' w/ s% C
( j" n1 [1 X% i3 o
Group Representations
( e7 N7 ]1 v6 I1 y9 O! t 13. Deputations o0 ^2 \) M4 M! q0 i8 i6 W9 k
14. Mock awards
/ S. l* t5 c8 I 15. Group lobbying
5 f. m0 D/ ?7 n7 b% ]- n' ` 16. Picketing* E a# y# P" j
17. Mock elections
0 \) A4 e# ]7 i; @8 q" G4 a9 A S& L1 _" u
Symbolic Public Acts
/ c: C/ O: y5 }9 l0 Y/ h3 y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) s' q, R+ n. D( C; x2 v
19. Wearing of symbols$ P+ B: }/ J5 T6 P6 G' D; z) @
20. Prayer and worship
5 c0 d G5 ~. F7 T; o9 q; _) B 21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 x# t! @+ B2 O0 c 22. Protest disrobings5 Y H5 ?' e7 [5 Q j0 H
23. Destruction of own property
: g; |$ M$ E5 K. o, k, e/ B 24. Symbolic lights' S- O! y2 m# o
25. Displays of portraits
/ u! e) I" @- H8 {2 g' z, E$ C4 B 26. Paint as protest. x$ c5 {9 R8 C; T- y
27. New signs and names
4 ^% T. }6 i5 D4 ?% K 28. Symbolic sounds
; \. x+ B" ?9 [ 29. Symbolic reclamations
& ?. x* l7 ?' K& K# M3 u6 y/ x 30. Rude gestures
. H; p, j- J- v9 O. o i1 o% v6 S2 h2 {7 C4 u5 z1 g1 P
Pressures on Individuals9 Z+ ^$ p C% |5 I
31. “Haunting” officials
: y+ Q& q; S/ S' A' r 32. Taunting officials
+ P) l/ g$ m5 m" j U 33. Fraternization- Y, w/ Z# j6 F, L" F$ ]- m
34. Vigils8 H2 g7 o b! R3 n% u$ i
9 O6 u! O; q" _
Drama and Music4 z! {8 e I7 S% S; J
35. Humorous skits and pranks
; B! b& N) g8 B8 [* I2 B9 x3 w 36. Performances of plays and music
9 Q& _0 V+ E4 y: n$ S: P 37. Singing: U5 X$ [6 a! z
4 R' C# O: V" e+ V
Processions
" w K% Z% L; q0 K( R 38. Marches, w8 ]5 ~$ O8 o, a
39. Parades
- O& }1 L# D1 Q8 B/ f 40. Religious processions
# g9 i; U! R# O( q, L$ r 41. Pilgrimages; w/ f" }8 o& Y8 r
42. Motorcades
/ t8 v8 N5 s1 G" N; Y" B. ?3 Q6 W/ {6 n- ~/ K1 A$ v& o# E, l8 a
Honoring the Dead
q% k0 S& y$ f8 o/ b+ M6 R0 R7 M8 H# N; b 43. Political mourning
& D- I( j7 F: x" `, l6 w Y$ `$ n 44. Mock funerals
0 s" x# B# `) @7 q4 Y 45. Demonstrative funerals; p% v, H8 o/ d
46. Homage at burial places
4 m D$ K2 ]# M0 V r7 C7 @5 D; f$ Q) b7 q, v& [6 i. G; u7 f7 V4 X
Public Assemblies. m# _; j q# j1 c4 F
47. Assemblies of protest or support
% X2 U7 V" P+ |) w% \8 v 48. Protest meetings% f2 `9 r' W' f2 c/ ~3 O( t
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 x, {3 z2 A ]: c* \) j0 ^- Q* ] 50. Teach-ins& P3 T# p7 Q' n( O! ?1 J' ]: N! w
/ W2 B m# }8 d+ @5 T+ t/ ZWithdrawal and Renunciation
w A1 f# ~7 P: X' a5 t 51. Walk-outs5 c a& w8 K3 ?6 k8 g$ M7 m, W
52. Silence7 D! i1 t3 @& j$ O& ~
53. Renouncing honors
2 K; p% C2 J! e( k+ M; S& o 54. Turning one’s back
2 N* a: F4 M4 A, T/ l8 L$ d( f
1 K' o3 A( \6 F+ b( G) R0 S
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# E' {- I/ r1 R' }. k" qTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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: s3 {6 v: e3 a6 _( }
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Ostracism of Persons
9 d9 y5 Z9 N0 g! F% e* O/ T 55. Social boycott
- T" @4 k1 \' S4 ~ 56. Selective social boycott
8 T2 }6 c& ?5 @' e8 U 57. Lysistratic nonaction- `, o: ^6 e/ L9 ]- f3 s2 w6 }
58. Excommunication
" P% {5 C4 x9 f7 \( X8 Q 59. Interdict
5 o5 l+ B. S- r9 a
$ |% ^. E% R8 x6 @- j2 _- Z+ rNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% \* Q3 c: {+ x( x
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) t( e2 d4 m- Q- f 61. Boycott of social affairs
4 I( c+ Y( `- e7 W 62. Student strike7 R8 T1 u x! ~
63. Social disobedience
5 f- A! s: n+ {& ]% `% G 64. Withdrawal from social institutions+ { L4 g1 n. m: L
1 [: R6 G8 M! M# g1 q( g4 l# \+ T
Withdrawal from the Social System2 A' A# G. @3 U, L. V: j& S
65. Stay-at-home
0 _& r5 H2 s; {* q- E1 d 66. Total personal noncooperation; u9 q* Y- K7 o! L. z
67. “Flight” of workers+ Z0 @1 }% N7 p- V) A' L# V/ O
68. Sanctuary
2 Z- M1 n, Y: h9 m* |4 ^ 69. Collective disappearance
1 |. k, n+ u9 D 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)6 s0 B1 M7 a4 q- O2 X, V0 ]
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% w, C: ]: h: r) m; q$ @( eTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- e7 A$ {" M$ y& w( T
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6 ]+ l2 j: @0 cActions by Consumers1 a& j; v, m6 h' E
71. Consumers’ boycott, v6 s4 u9 R2 l) f$ J
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods _5 [& U5 ?3 T; b3 M' U
73. Policy of austerity5 M; g+ W; i! l/ M7 Q! X
74. Rent withholding
" v9 r& m4 n9 z- b% P 75. Refusal to rent
6 O( [& f6 E. l1 t- E+ [( j% c; }2 ` 76. National consumers’ boycott% o; j6 ^+ I: F# ~' W5 y
77. International consumers’ boycott# |7 H+ ~! y5 Q. U0 ^
" W* l; H: \( D8 r: C
Action by Workers and Producers
+ v4 E7 A3 t4 @1 t% x 78. Workmen’s boycott- e4 d+ w& T a$ k) I. o/ E! L* S
79. Producers’ boycott
N! ]: G5 _ |; x
+ J1 C+ a" V! N1 MAction by Middlemen+ c0 g, a1 m- C0 J
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& k' ]8 b% `' h
* X; p) \( u. c, h2 kAction by Owners and Management& N8 m) G% Y0 H7 v0 o
81. Traders’ boycott5 `/ e( Z* q& D* @* ~: V
82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 C5 C7 E* k. w. I8 a4 ?3 V 83. Lockout: S' H. R$ G( m7 k& q# h$ h
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! ~- O& i- M2 H 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
; ?3 s! u& X& n3 ~, `1 U
- Y5 a7 o" ?( P+ ~# i8 D4 dAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! k) o3 L% m, Z- E8 ^9 e) f& x 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 Z2 E& U8 s! F1 A6 m 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' d; c8 r- L7 V# {+ ]+ G4 J) X
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 n+ d7 k- ?9 }1 @1 E 89. Severance of funds and credit
5 B) H- o( n) I n4 Z: B g 90. Revenue refusal: _4 _" ?8 ]! F
91. Refusal of a government’s money! {% J0 w: A2 p- g+ E/ @
3 J, P7 c) ~. t% Z3 o$ pAction by Governments
W, ? M" H0 K4 F0 l" s# ^ 92. Domestic embargo
; p) E2 K7 Q1 _- R1 O" [: R 93. Blacklisting of traders% \$ |: g2 [+ \
94. International sellers’ embargo3 Z7 O$ N6 O; A4 r
95. International buyers’ embargo: k* K: u8 O$ ^- O2 K9 k. M& r
96. International trade embargo7 v5 f3 k1 \, ?0 ?8 N, D
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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( l: d1 f r: i4 q& ?* e$ gSymbolic Strikes% R) v( z% H- [( N/ _9 x
97. Protest strike: N- E) F# J' B( P% U. H
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- V$ E- D: R0 I, ~/ D, `2 }. s. o! r3 M4 M7 g- ]1 z
Agricultural Strikes
4 k8 C, a2 z: ?( V# x 99. Peasant strike6 D; P0 @( S" w6 @$ D: s- B* a
100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 Y! n9 v( b) b8 z6 ~* a
# f/ B* N+ ?7 I, m& N0 H1 j/ E9 @9 |Strikes by Special Groups4 ]) s) d: e6 B% ^8 s1 S
101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 u/ F* K5 B: R6 c" [ 102. Prisoners’ strike
9 |& k R/ `. @ 103. Craft strike. Q% ?- U. h" w$ |" _$ V/ Q; n
104. Professional strike3 e- P" B0 |( ]: N, E
) C0 d4 J4 ?8 F% z, w$ F
Ordinary Industrial Strikes9 m) ]: }2 b! r5 y
105. Establishment strike$ w& Q& q3 M5 Q/ g# C
106. Industry strike y9 f" n. x* d7 J7 B) E1 ]9 u
107. Sympathetic strike9 d: s" j; P) V4 G8 R
. z$ n. q! r- l& m9 nRestricted Strikes
- W& G$ ~! ?9 j% F0 j) e+ a/ K% h 108. Detailed strike
& \7 N" l' |! G 109. Bumper strike# b) x% u' [ t( m! y
110. Slowdown strike
F3 K3 m# c5 ~! h/ l& `% O) p2 S2 J2 X* T 111. Working-to-rule strike" ~1 y" z& K6 _) |/ c
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" m6 w, j; q1 ]+ \" h* @
113. Strike by resignation
z, V! a2 {3 l- J 114. Limited strike
$ }3 U) H" @2 n, b 115. Selective strike
2 t9 a0 _, q/ g8 r1 ]0 s
9 W( }) k' o5 |3 ?; Q$ r9 iMulti-Industry Strikes
! T7 o( p1 s" O
* ` m/ s# ] T) n/ p; i5 P 116. Generalized strike7 R; L# w8 F+ T
- B! h! y4 k3 a: f; Y 117. General strike
2 o- N2 p* z; Z" S% x2 h. b
8 h" N1 Y' p1 H: y8 ?Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, h$ k; w; M% l; ~8 o w( p
# N& ?; }" c% v1 T' t, m 118. Hartal5 T# k! v/ _4 ~3 x. e* Q
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119. Economic shutdown/ A* F1 B' M" ~
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, |2 X. X& U' q& w9 j5 r: ~% D
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Rejection of Authority
* J2 G7 S; W( L6 W/ x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
6 n) ~4 n4 L7 _4 Y( y 121. Refusal of public support7 k. k% `4 i1 z V1 P+ T
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 |- h5 U+ C* ]1 k8 r+ B+ ?1 Q! [- }$ A5 \3 ?3 r% ]
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 o' Y0 B U! ~/ P
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: j* x9 F: I: B; o5 k7 ?1 g 124. Boycott of elections
2 [$ B- H6 |0 w4 y8 D 125. Boycott of government employment and positions& k, e& X7 o! b" J1 l
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" ]3 }( C7 R3 x" y7 h) s 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 U6 _% y* A, T, ~$ x& g 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 M3 C. I# H4 d( e4 n5 Z! U+ \ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents# x; y3 |( f$ L) ?
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 N/ @! G# t8 m( _ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 J$ _0 r! E, X
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
. C2 F O% q9 G+ Y% I2 T0 x+ ?2 K5 E7 V8 Q6 V! R
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; H: t+ j! @5 ^0 d/ ~ r4 d" g 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 n, w9 Z4 `- o0 b! g4 a' A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- Y; d2 j) v& T4 M' y/ F
135. Popular nonobedience
' g& O3 X- [9 ~$ T1 b' I& w 136. Disguised disobedience
+ \4 T" {, N' d0 J 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 N9 D3 }6 M$ I* a4 x# C: ^: @ 138. Sitdown
/ F! R! Z! R3 }/ w3 H6 e( r1 z8 ^ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 W R. m- N2 W7 {( r- ` 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! \3 k, e! |/ F2 U2 \0 ^ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws- B' {+ _. }2 m6 g% [% j
; O7 s7 h: A" \) q2 [9 rAction by Government Personnel! V* `( n1 R$ Q, m
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 Q6 g/ t. W% W; G4 c- ]# {& U! x
143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 B& C. B8 E2 ~5 C6 H; I
144. Stalling and obstruction
8 e3 P5 n0 p* k- T0 d# |( z( x& X 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 X! q4 _6 ~" I: n; U, o
/ w7 h+ T5 s% @) x2 x 146. Judicial noncooperation0 |: b& p$ b: B7 O5 t
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 l6 R3 z0 P2 N4 Z; x# v& ^3 O/ f 148. Mutiny+ {7 A9 J: n0 n) S2 Y
Domestic Governmental Action2 H) Z, g7 s$ q6 h% @
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 ]! a3 m3 n* a2 ~9 }8 S 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 \: M4 g( c- r
, A/ L1 [8 h7 ^International Governmental Action; @5 Y, Z/ y- P+ ]0 m1 f
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations9 T5 ]$ B# I" v& ~" E, }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events g) ^/ V" ]. }) d, D7 h$ i S- x C
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) _0 d4 N! ^# x
154. Severance of diplomatic relations: J K8 t; w# ?! L. ~
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 S4 }7 u' g" `! B( C 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# d- m. I; h4 C- d- s Y8 N 157. Expulsion from international organizations
/ i6 \6 C6 }$ O2 a
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: Q) x! [+ g; c1 k; `
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: n1 Q+ n2 r' \Psychological Intervention
& e, v8 i' K2 p A: q: S 158. Self-exposure to the elements* L7 F+ y' p ?* ~, A+ U- A
159. The fast% B2 w0 k- n& F6 T- u
a) Fast of moral pressure
2 B" A8 h) ^* j6 r b) Hunger strike1 q4 m3 Z- G; k4 t$ I6 e, Q
c) Satyagrahic fast
% ]. A) j; K# w+ I7 M/ V- P 160. Reverse trial
6 V# @6 v0 R9 D 161. Nonviolent harassment
3 W+ ^6 O3 s _6 t
& @7 U/ p" ?9 {' M. ? H% oPhysical Intervention
q; X% w6 P1 j: l8 O# N% M 162. Sit-in
1 E2 J# X q, \( w- |! M/ B 163. Stand-in
. Q0 S$ `+ P7 w# |' v 164. Ride-in
/ ?5 t- p& O; R, P# M 165. Wade-in
7 l! B3 K2 r& ?! y) Q 166. Mill-in7 }3 U) k. k; I! Y% R y0 a
167. Pray-in# y) Q6 i% C% A" v
168. Nonviolent raids
: e) o: A- Q8 r* |) G 169. Nonviolent air raids( b. z5 [1 N" D. ^
170. Nonviolent invasion
. o5 F/ Y8 P" p8 P3 O 171. Nonviolent interjection
3 O# O& S- P# w 172. Nonviolent obstruction, R2 b& O) R0 B+ J) |
173. Nonviolent occupation. t4 w* a& o/ R/ L, U, {& g0 X
; A7 P. k f; [; u hSocial Intervention3 \! u8 Z0 l/ g* z N/ w
174. Establishing new social patterns: \ V5 l' |$ O" G( t( D F
175. Overloading of facilities( w5 @$ V$ Q7 V j9 l
176. Stall-in
3 N t7 t; j! M6 r- r 177. Speak-in4 e; Z, u& o; i7 k
178. Guerrilla theater+ P) b! s7 v* P* D' c: C
179. Alternative social institutions
' t+ K/ T; H" L# Q* N 180. Alternative communication system& n0 v% C" ~1 {* `; S
7 F4 G4 L9 f; f+ ^Economic Intervention
4 g& o+ `1 |0 R1 i8 ]% m 181. Reverse strike
- E+ I9 `4 R" H& A 182. Stay-in strike. ~( R3 F! m6 Z2 a! V( E' l) q9 w
183. Nonviolent land seizure: N" C" B- d3 S
184. Defiance of blockades. ]8 \1 t( y' }- e( v+ K
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' L# W, o) x! T. H, P
186. Preclusive purchasing
, f$ M+ Y+ ]5 {" _5 Y4 q4 ~+ o 187. Seizure of assets' ^7 Q+ A2 W* A/ l. \# c* y
188. Dumping7 d U2 k* R. z0 R
189. Selective patronage
& F9 l( j& K; n/ ^ w3 b4 T 190. Alternative markets, ~- x7 B2 W4 O f
191. Alternative transportation systems" K: F) q0 c+ q9 y
192. Alternative economic institutions
) r c& a3 G# ~0 v+ \% V f1 W% ~ C3 L8 O/ D' W' Z: h2 u+ f
Political Intervention
6 {0 U2 z% R( i- z# a* \: x, O 193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 I) X# D: S$ J- @# A% s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 i2 }$ k$ V8 V/ E) k Z/ T6 @
195. Seeking imprisonment# f% n; y2 m" i
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 c b& z% y9 l
197. Work-on without collaboration4 a+ P3 Y0 _3 e+ ? Z7 b) ]
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# D! x8 x s% _" ?. `7 @0 g
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
