 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 R E& @0 n' T$ o4 K. ?. w
Formal Statements
2 L- D1 O; X6 T+ u; } 1. Public Speeches
$ k$ @: |( s: f( B* N, c8 Y 2. Letters of opposition or support
# q7 @1 s* _: f$ w7 @ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( N; T( A/ ]& k+ V, k0 \. D
4. Signed public statements3 z! H6 J6 h9 u0 }* a
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
" \7 \: w; j7 A5 c) a5 Z9 } 6. Group or mass petitions2 p+ I/ T- T1 U* Y/ K* x V( L
4 l- ]4 n7 G7 ~6 @Communications with a Wider Audience$ E0 M5 Q$ Q. \; O7 {: r7 @
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. ~4 Y7 X; K, p. u
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& p+ M3 Y. K: _( l' @* x! J 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 I$ A/ f% y$ H x1 }% Q- o1 T! H5 U
10. Newspapers and journals2 X6 ], e, E) d9 U/ H9 E
11. Records, radio, and television
! Y7 J2 i/ D/ X) A+ _% e7 F. { 12. Skywriting and earthwriting( Q; g+ r; B( G
- Y1 c7 E. l6 u+ w, lGroup Representations
# S0 o& }$ C0 R7 d+ k! j 13. Deputations5 K+ k$ l, U0 o. Y/ ]
14. Mock awards) i' J9 n$ |6 j+ b# R% r' C
15. Group lobbying( i2 `' n0 S7 g/ W- {8 `. V1 f3 {0 w
16. Picketing* m. [! {3 u& C4 a
17. Mock elections
# X1 \, c. b" `& |
8 c( ~6 O/ w( n! j% Z8 CSymbolic Public Acts
' Z3 e6 [/ W% z, o! f* P" C 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ _8 E- U& f2 ^6 N
19. Wearing of symbols! E& V! W8 x6 K4 W! z# M
20. Prayer and worship
0 ?8 \) @+ [" y/ [/ R) ^& n 21. Delivering symbolic objects
" e& O) [$ M! F; y 22. Protest disrobings8 O5 _4 A( F+ n
23. Destruction of own property
2 q& I3 W/ O. T( \/ I 24. Symbolic lights
: y2 p. H( K( B+ l, H b) A 25. Displays of portraits! B. O+ s1 N% U
26. Paint as protest
' M$ h, U' _0 D' K+ G; v* Z 27. New signs and names
* B9 Q( X; G2 h. ^3 W 28. Symbolic sounds" j$ V% F7 g3 B T8 V
29. Symbolic reclamations7 q1 d1 h! f) p5 x
30. Rude gestures. }9 J9 B7 C: Z1 d+ ~# E
}, N' V U; N9 c2 k+ [# D2 e+ _Pressures on Individuals' ~: E. B2 T& N% L! n' N
31. “Haunting” officials
7 Q# [2 q) o9 q3 i 32. Taunting officials
0 K/ }& H7 y' O' d: n 33. Fraternization: }) C9 C& b' v( h' M5 Y% s# A
34. Vigils% X8 j" r& o" d' g
; N' W+ i E- L) T0 w3 ^, GDrama and Music9 W" F* @& z$ C X& |0 I/ S0 Q
35. Humorous skits and pranks3 U8 ?$ z; Y; r' e% i0 b
36. Performances of plays and music
3 W3 Y7 n9 C! w5 R) _ 37. Singing- A! U8 f, S# X3 _% Q
2 m9 d6 z3 ?( M7 E: X
Processions
6 g ~# s4 ?) F! z. ` 38. Marches
7 F4 g! g# _7 |2 q7 M1 M/ u 39. Parades, g" o9 m; L( U0 {7 N
40. Religious processions
m! q. ^+ M! q3 l3 x9 { 41. Pilgrimages( c! a) ~6 j5 U1 |
42. Motorcades0 K8 b# ?: k' v# w4 R4 l$ b
- Q/ N1 Y2 K! y( X' _0 qHonoring the Dead
8 a* `$ n! \2 v; V) ~ 43. Political mourning( Z( p& W, ?% h4 }/ `: U) t/ S
44. Mock funerals/ T- \9 G. y' n
45. Demonstrative funerals
( ^0 o$ V' n1 ]: m/ ?- j$ n0 X/ o: _ 46. Homage at burial places; j9 a% s6 w G
d/ j1 [. ]* d+ FPublic Assemblies( j- C/ K8 k6 c
47. Assemblies of protest or support1 P. B; q' \1 N( q: ^2 F+ b, `# E
48. Protest meetings; C' Z: q% W' U' O$ m
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest$ H- L L w/ K# G: n
50. Teach-ins" m% ^, M/ N9 v3 c* F
1 D$ a$ Y6 }* }) h9 }; N4 l
Withdrawal and Renunciation
+ P, B0 f- _' n5 b) c. z1 V' T 51. Walk-outs
5 o$ U* a# B6 ?9 m 52. Silence- E7 o2 f. T8 k& Q1 ]
53. Renouncing honors
. p% J- Q) o9 w3 q/ c 54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. b( a( ]3 `" n% E2 Z8 U8 L
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: N* J7 z( q ~) g6 G
8 C |+ E9 |) a$ c: pOstracism of Persons, C$ v& _. m, B; t
55. Social boycott
9 i0 i/ a5 E, a6 I0 p( k 56. Selective social boycott
- `% E6 W( s% H7 F% L 57. Lysistratic nonaction
* O/ h, n" y2 d3 _ 58. Excommunication
* S: Q8 I3 ~+ a6 f$ S: G 59. Interdict, l7 a" a' q# X6 y2 h, }
' V" k; r1 ~' J8 k* fNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions0 x0 S7 h0 ^' E
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 k% C( w+ a9 v( c4 d1 n 61. Boycott of social affairs
1 j4 t: j2 D% ^! ? 62. Student strike1 D% i* E% a Q' H7 n, z
63. Social disobedience
- y) ?5 q3 f6 I" b4 R: r 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
2 R5 k6 N+ v% F! {' e: @. B- v# g" y5 u i
Withdrawal from the Social System
+ J$ Q6 u. [8 ]/ Q3 f1 x0 w9 V 65. Stay-at-home
4 M% ~& Z$ R/ b- Z 66. Total personal noncooperation, u) N2 W# E" j/ m5 l
67. “Flight” of workers
; R2 O- \6 V4 { 68. Sanctuary3 k, ~$ I: D# E3 t9 P- ~0 F1 R4 \
69. Collective disappearance* ]( `. m) W8 L* ^; k# z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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8 r+ x5 g5 d" _: e# [% tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
2 u9 d7 ^- F- l; h/ ]1 b' F3 x# Z1 @; X# }$ I$ q7 C; i3 k7 \
* a5 R3 B* a9 v6 x) qActions by Consumers9 a0 r0 f1 Q) O8 D
71. Consumers’ boycott
3 w: M; T. ?1 w6 Q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% ^7 d+ Q( c* f* T2 O. U& f- ~: ` 73. Policy of austerity8 ~+ q+ M; C; F- s
74. Rent withholding
6 u7 D' X0 U5 s( @5 T; c. i 75. Refusal to rent
; _( s! ?) @3 X/ H6 \) Z( _# g3 L& D 76. National consumers’ boycott1 J5 ^4 o5 ^& T9 u# M: |
77. International consumers’ boycott+ B+ }) H9 k4 i, n' B$ U; m
0 W! |5 _& n+ ~9 x. k* A5 XAction by Workers and Producers/ M+ R5 `0 |. x' k \6 s
78. Workmen’s boycott
0 M3 c# f5 H% t) T/ ^) g 79. Producers’ boycott
# c& G7 N) _$ _7 }) Z0 V( c% ~( K4 Z2 r- h9 T2 z7 j
Action by Middlemen
! _! o7 j1 i! z7 X7 S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
; w5 c1 E& H" E
) x8 ~. d# S* G5 Z; s5 CAction by Owners and Management
* h6 Q2 L$ J' j 81. Traders’ boycott
) l$ E$ _' ]) X# ^5 v. ` 82. Refusal to let or sell property
8 G& Q9 m* j" K& s+ J: { 83. Lockout% Z/ X/ z9 K( ^3 Q* U$ c
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
" d7 E# w% m% t 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. d! y) i- f- k2 B: D. U+ X* I3 f, Z% W O
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
$ ]+ ^" e! f" m" |0 _ P/ F 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits2 `4 N- ?+ _9 ?5 l% X& M2 |
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* [6 `. o( z- w( t1 i/ Y
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 ]: h' w, A+ S& N 89. Severance of funds and credit
* A* v/ t) b4 D 90. Revenue refusal
0 V8 o) H+ X8 w9 v! d( y3 H 91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 L- g/ G; f# n! Y! Z6 @. y9 `' ^5 U
Action by Governments( @$ Z# R* T1 A9 Q2 ^
92. Domestic embargo
; o, S: k' `$ S 93. Blacklisting of traders/ r! \9 X T. Z
94. International sellers’ embargo
+ ^8 ]' P8 v2 n( _0 @ 95. International buyers’ embargo$ c1 ~( i5 t2 {" g/ g0 U2 G, z
96. International trade embargo! D6 ^! x5 n' P( l% F# I
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: _. ] n' s6 N+ Y" ]+ d0 c
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: J7 c/ \6 P9 K5 _9 b0 j! XSymbolic Strikes, B I; O* O1 G! v
97. Protest strike9 E2 L8 _9 H: D, L* R
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 J% q/ q( i; D' n7 e
8 x' q. q" J( W- f! ~5 C F; R
Agricultural Strikes
" `& u4 v O* j1 m- I) s; h 99. Peasant strike* Y1 n0 n9 c& o3 P2 V8 b% p* Y# ]' y8 b
100. Farm Workers’ strike3 c1 k+ U* x& s2 N% f& m! i
9 O! J: r) C, l
Strikes by Special Groups
* n; L) ~2 I3 D7 I( G2 q 101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 b2 M8 F! p; U/ D1 K 102. Prisoners’ strike
# T, R, M+ H& t. M7 ~- ~! t+ a 103. Craft strike9 ~/ _# M( r8 A- ]: q0 @
104. Professional strike
7 @ U& T8 O8 T/ ]3 C# Z9 B$ ?& J; R3 D
Ordinary Industrial Strikes" G3 x% c% n6 N
105. Establishment strike
; w' @% [& w. a7 I9 [9 J 106. Industry strike
8 S& h' ]$ B: y' l8 [2 e3 Z1 K 107. Sympathetic strike
7 K( Q: m4 Y) T* \) L Y+ ^
6 l& z1 g& v) ]! h7 l1 ?Restricted Strikes
+ o- S8 ~% \4 ?/ p3 `9 a; o 108. Detailed strike
8 T! a3 ]; \# t/ h' M N 109. Bumper strike
2 [! k/ ^) K/ U4 E2 A 110. Slowdown strike( \% ^4 v1 K) P/ B8 A! R' J; g
111. Working-to-rule strike
- R8 e0 h# h% K1 z5 G 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in). X+ o. `$ X9 g& h) c; P# L1 B6 G
113. Strike by resignation! H8 c; e9 d# P/ n
114. Limited strike' t; N- g0 i$ r* E) d
115. Selective strike
& R$ \1 r% A% b- x7 c+ O B0 t
0 M& C. e8 b% |" v; h, e: C! KMulti-Industry Strikes, L2 P: h; Q# `1 q
9 M" y3 E5 m. H% n% h. F6 p9 F
116. Generalized strike7 s7 ?: w2 z0 s/ L
$ b& e7 t$ i( F6 f+ y 117. General strike
2 @" O1 G4 m4 `
' r# p2 k% p# a' d4 t2 S+ Z( uCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures ]: `( U+ \! \# ~& c& e8 v( H
( Z Y: \5 [2 G4 o 118. Hartal
; \) N! B6 }# J: y, L2 e' i% x
119. Economic shutdown
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7 X0 ?, D" A4 e) wTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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8 H# s% N: v; ? * h F& Z- ~ r/ v( f4 {
Rejection of Authority: x3 X5 @+ g2 ? O0 d7 O
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; D: X/ M, t6 a: F
121. Refusal of public support
5 Y9 |, k' x1 v% A( V) u2 f2 B 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) Z$ s& T R* g0 S" x. J7 @( m: t+ X/ W2 q/ D6 t& T
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government; S9 G- p+ m/ |
123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ M$ g& E. j- P% [. h# h
124. Boycott of elections
3 j) D/ x9 m5 U8 v0 d. O- B- F6 E) N 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! l7 [' m: `1 f; M 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ x4 W0 v* e' q/ [4 \" g
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 u1 A9 N5 E. i) R 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- ~) a# K5 A( n3 D# R
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 |* H- r4 i3 C% w% E 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; ?0 a! x' g5 F1 G# ?% u 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. c! k/ E' l( c: `- U2 K( F 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# J' P6 L4 b. F- k$ y
0 l4 y# }1 N8 `' VCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 h% U7 t, U; E. o$ ]) I7 N4 A, p! A 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& d3 C) E$ H) [. ?! D) P+ U# W 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
% h0 n3 ?* }* F$ @1 ?+ P4 T 135. Popular nonobedience
! ?' A* M' R! J 136. Disguised disobedience* G7 G- b9 h3 ?( m
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 Z4 S: F1 M' E5 _$ e# b 138. Sitdown3 E* R% B+ K" U) y, D3 q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
; i4 t( ]7 S8 T, B5 |/ n- } 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 I/ {5 T# a) `6 r; I+ ? 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' B- h b5 J R- h$ q; F1 j6 {
1 P9 s! y7 R9 J, a& y7 d/ qAction by Government Personnel$ N9 u* P# ~- g8 B% m/ x
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ Q0 m4 N8 m% W. k! h3 T' `+ B 143. Blocking of lines of command and information# J" ~! ?' M; |. S( X; V
144. Stalling and obstruction3 }5 {5 w. m& c/ U+ n, f1 q
145. General administrative noncooperation Q# R1 W+ Y$ `7 L( p6 i# B
- F/ d' Y/ b2 H" d! W0 t 146. Judicial noncooperation
& ^% A$ j: I4 a 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" c7 w) V; T0 {! V5 R% k5 p
148. Mutiny: I4 n# g }* D5 S. g5 H- x
Domestic Governmental Action
' L# T) t( h: H/ S3 Q E7 ` 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 T3 o- \; T- Z$ u) c8 A4 J/ h6 w
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ @9 ^7 D! i+ s; D! y. B1 s6 r+ f0 m6 H; J* ], Q! G
International Governmental Action+ Q0 }' `7 y. ?% V$ @/ g
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" B/ y1 W( `) x7 T9 N 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events( V# v% S8 a) ?
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 m6 t: G3 H8 @
154. Severance of diplomatic relations; i1 U* d9 D9 E+ \$ i
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 Y+ V. k! u2 T, `/ F5 y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ M) Y/ S. H. ]8 b; k h6 f+ y8 Y 157. Expulsion from international organizations. g1 _1 |1 T( n; [% \+ p& a6 W" u( [
% y% c( I [2 [( a% y7 [ 7 ]9 r- R/ y4 R) V
+ q2 ]$ _- B' C& b, CTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
5 p3 V7 g+ X ~; E; M2 I; s% X7 o4 t' N! ?% d% ^1 s3 V& W5 C
0 ]6 \0 j% g4 Z- P8 M8 b3 @9 g
Psychological Intervention3 j8 ^% r- c, w
158. Self-exposure to the elements# M8 \( X0 N) `6 }5 x
159. The fast
; ~, M, w0 K' l- }0 k- u- ] a) Fast of moral pressure3 }5 Z( N% i1 _. ]" F$ s$ [
b) Hunger strike* v2 q$ {+ l9 _2 ?. j. e
c) Satyagrahic fast
; a" J, N3 C6 F6 i1 H$ [. R 160. Reverse trial4 W4 _1 W1 G6 Z( Z8 `/ g
161. Nonviolent harassment
) C1 r: |9 L7 N* M5 m/ J! V5 ~- a- N$ }/ E9 u4 u/ T( B- F
Physical Intervention7 _- n0 s' W! L* c; d k4 x1 v$ }
162. Sit-in( j: K" u, E7 l4 J9 W+ |
163. Stand-in, M! P% K0 d& P8 X) A
164. Ride-in/ I. j$ N7 A& l% o
165. Wade-in- p. y% g: W0 v( ]
166. Mill-in% n% U0 b: j. a1 l
167. Pray-in# P' \; A, P* d
168. Nonviolent raids
; I) ? v; E0 E9 n7 |' D$ I0 p 169. Nonviolent air raids
9 t0 T; U3 u3 v+ ]: n+ m. q( n9 | 170. Nonviolent invasion
5 E* }' J9 }; @- R: g& S 171. Nonviolent interjection8 Z) M* `9 y7 n3 k
172. Nonviolent obstruction0 Q, p1 z" G( w; O' i
173. Nonviolent occupation S3 Q' q" h: s( M: C4 g
' U6 \1 J# I4 j5 ]" H$ aSocial Intervention
S1 b1 Q. M$ W1 D- e6 B6 D 174. Establishing new social patterns
" N2 c# ~; {/ x. ]9 U: m, k 175. Overloading of facilities
; ] E( B" d$ _ 176. Stall-in# M$ H- w8 T6 \% a1 ?5 H
177. Speak-in
' h' C! d6 j& f5 S 178. Guerrilla theater# A+ F0 R6 `" Q( Y( l, Q( x
179. Alternative social institutions# ?& ^' ~ r# f- m; a$ M! A
180. Alternative communication system& E# ^" v. M7 R2 @0 t
5 g' ]4 N) \" w* S$ jEconomic Intervention+ f c8 k8 Z9 I
181. Reverse strike, e2 V5 `0 T0 |5 Y
182. Stay-in strike9 i' y; X( S! S/ c4 ?
183. Nonviolent land seizure! |+ o! c) B. m4 ]6 B
184. Defiance of blockades/ o0 R% m, }! ^* z/ Y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting z2 Q7 i6 L2 i- W* f) L: a: P
186. Preclusive purchasing8 v0 d+ Y& O: Q$ j9 U6 V3 k
187. Seizure of assets5 r7 ^ N4 Z% U1 e9 S
188. Dumping
/ j1 e/ n" N4 V: `, \ 189. Selective patronage" o) W6 [" _ l/ }8 S$ j
190. Alternative markets
% c8 n# o& z7 }, ?2 o# g6 e 191. Alternative transportation systems! g! e7 r, @, [3 }
192. Alternative economic institutions
! y, F! z, [5 s' E4 b% h+ q) l" p; h7 ^. B& d
Political Intervention
; J8 h' g: L7 F0 {& Y/ p& A& y; d 193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 R, R2 e. |" g& S, L6 T 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- F7 [. q1 K! a1 [1 g
195. Seeking imprisonment
( k2 [) v7 ~, j* \3 Z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- g5 P) A; I, ]1 @, G! _- E$ O 197. Work-on without collaboration
1 E, O) w% A5 Y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
