 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION% A3 M2 f$ U. Q5 |3 C) U( J! b
Formal Statements
6 ~- y; p& n. \2 G, y( t6 J 1. Public Speeches0 _# S, c6 w0 [, C. x
2. Letters of opposition or support! v9 ?5 l7 Q8 b3 H k
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions5 {! M% ~/ j1 v, X& O9 O
4. Signed public statements
; ]$ m- ]0 e4 f. ~7 a5 H5 E" v 5. Declarations of indictment and intention ?2 Q5 K& L; a) E( j9 e8 y: J
6. Group or mass petitions# ]3 s; t1 p- F
/ M" R1 C. {2 T* j0 ^2 z. WCommunications with a Wider Audience
* e+ z( c% o" j5 N F) M 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 @* Q2 D5 c% ?+ c' g, V$ t
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 w, p1 e6 a2 R+ X/ J" v% a 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 T& y1 n; l+ o8 Q1 n 10. Newspapers and journals# |: F. V" `! b' c
11. Records, radio, and television
0 F a& r3 G4 [/ c 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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2 k. H1 d; [& D' g3 T# s" F; dGroup Representations
: z* {% L: }/ ]2 L 13. Deputations, k, R% s/ M* b# [* H2 M
14. Mock awards
D5 j" x$ y6 Q3 I 15. Group lobbying- N1 a/ s) Z8 w9 H8 d+ |
16. Picketing
! d5 X6 J a* e3 o0 }2 y 17. Mock elections
7 d. r4 N/ V* t+ Q4 x9 x0 m9 X% s) f6 s# t k h9 U$ ^$ a
Symbolic Public Acts
# D; A# l) i& D- m, H' N7 { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors M9 p8 h* f3 T7 l
19. Wearing of symbols' `. K) M' l! q* S8 w. `# f
20. Prayer and worship
: S) L4 [$ D+ ~. W( l# j 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 b! T1 z0 E* O! N 22. Protest disrobings1 h; ~/ W5 H6 l2 j- h7 I, s
23. Destruction of own property3 }: `& D( O' y8 U R- U2 i
24. Symbolic lights) x+ w6 K1 l9 z6 x8 _; A) s
25. Displays of portraits
5 x$ h+ X- b8 d& }2 x2 n. R 26. Paint as protest
& U( [0 U4 P2 c9 a8 d* ?+ `' x 27. New signs and names
8 a6 q6 h+ E# J, G% x 28. Symbolic sounds3 i( g" P, R+ x: a
29. Symbolic reclamations/ l. w0 O% H8 i- f
30. Rude gestures( w2 U Z6 Z6 [. O1 q- J
~7 C% q. \/ a* K# h. X( V% lPressures on Individuals
/ \8 J: ?; ^! p! {. Z, [& a- k! n 31. “Haunting” officials* t6 b `! N# Y
32. Taunting officials
9 J+ p3 K4 G2 ? 33. Fraternization
d* S. i" n% p6 L 34. Vigils
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Drama and Music4 y3 g7 @( i) M+ E" r
35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ O8 {' l- J3 s; G5 {* W" R* r 36. Performances of plays and music
% l3 D( o }; {1 L4 W! v 37. Singing* n, }5 Y0 K# b! K7 C2 }0 K
8 j/ S/ U5 n# |) T1 T u* yProcessions
: p3 @# g0 k. j 38. Marches* U0 y" R, n; f0 J$ \* c
39. Parades
3 V O2 o" w6 ?5 ], j/ g 40. Religious processions
: u4 C4 k( u( s) b" L- e3 e4 _ 41. Pilgrimages
7 D% J* J% y3 S 42. Motorcades6 d7 ^* y8 s, K) l2 d* U
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Honoring the Dead% G2 E# k, J0 j/ q9 ^9 t! a) X A
43. Political mourning
6 v, f' m( F, E 44. Mock funerals
4 L+ F9 m: k+ v! G 45. Demonstrative funerals2 }2 p. P* y' f
46. Homage at burial places5 o* q% A$ b2 K. D
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Public Assemblies7 p4 O" M& b1 `6 C+ T
47. Assemblies of protest or support1 [$ @2 k! w: |4 P n ?
48. Protest meetings) u1 q8 s2 s& n) K" i
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 Q6 x# K% _+ v5 }( O
50. Teach-ins2 v' n1 O; V. U
$ ?5 x6 t: ]/ S u4 [7 a+ N5 EWithdrawal and Renunciation0 I( D! E* ]: N
51. Walk-outs1 r9 r6 c7 Z7 |" }4 b
52. Silence" f; o# m/ O9 ^, r& n8 T
53. Renouncing honors# }8 O# {0 r( t( y
54. Turning one’s back
# C8 K" }' a( Z" D; D5 ~* Z5 w6 y! N, Q" u2 K( C/ T
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION; X3 X( h$ |+ V! y! u- j
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Ostracism of Persons
2 m! l0 |9 i- \ 55. Social boycott9 d0 L0 s8 U C) X6 t
56. Selective social boycott$ p" D, p6 o$ {) N+ ]
57. Lysistratic nonaction
. b7 J( I8 L& ]; I0 C) r 58. Excommunication" V# _8 O. o0 z% v6 ?" E8 e
59. Interdict
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( v) E' |+ D. Q1 U' R: b0 ^+ q7 e- X$ k; PNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# j( g5 L. G/ r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities \' j! t- s) U; m. p7 d$ d
61. Boycott of social affairs
! W7 I( n1 E6 ?) C( A 62. Student strike
( o" [5 J9 T6 d4 ] 63. Social disobedience0 p) H5 y6 @; G: Z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' e6 n8 |. t: j% H2 @4 B9 c
$ G5 \' {9 E0 nWithdrawal from the Social System
9 {1 Z* x( v+ {* R! E# W7 b 65. Stay-at-home
" B+ \1 t+ H5 h7 k% [ 66. Total personal noncooperation$ w+ C- P- G" P
67. “Flight” of workers
( m- E+ l; ?$ A g; c# p 68. Sanctuary7 A& Z/ r; D$ ^' y# M: N0 v
69. Collective disappearance; S6 J, U. Y8 f
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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+ s; S6 t' K; a) N$ |6 E. Q0 mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers6 P. } a8 z- C/ F
71. Consumers’ boycott: r" C( g4 G8 V/ K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# f1 C) d( O* ~9 r% X7 c2 M
73. Policy of austerity, h- D: z2 B: _0 `
74. Rent withholding& q* a: l( v$ d3 @2 E7 v! Z
75. Refusal to rent/ t9 ?# K% A5 L
76. National consumers’ boycott
! ?% r, d0 h7 v- C5 j& |) | 77. International consumers’ boycott
5 l2 v: N I) G$ ?' }0 _7 F! S# H0 D9 T" _% n/ M
Action by Workers and Producers
, B7 V: i& Z9 a; r 78. Workmen’s boycott
* T4 K% [1 m6 I$ e$ z7 V 79. Producers’ boycott
) }2 l# w* o5 ?5 w* o( ?$ }( E! I7 B8 j: p& |
Action by Middlemen' u5 J c* O- m: M1 C" I6 S+ c% D5 B
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott. l3 V! V% z& v" M
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Action by Owners and Management9 a p! [2 n9 I1 e7 ~! B
81. Traders’ boycott6 v. O( C( ~; u9 x+ z/ [* p" `
82. Refusal to let or sell property4 I7 [, c; \ R# W4 ~: k3 P# R2 Z
83. Lockout/ l% e- u" F# u6 t! N1 q* A
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* E0 C$ `9 W! K 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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/ S. u( G' r. ?. G6 d. uAction by Holders of Financial Resources
g( o8 k ^! g 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' t" x+ ~; {8 J! B& J ` 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments w, ]( x3 @( s/ \+ O7 B4 B& z. W% v% K
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- o% a( s* k) ?: q% A
89. Severance of funds and credit2 W. S) X3 G2 G! W# @
90. Revenue refusal, n. ?' q7 a4 _* E
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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6 |! S: ^* f( [Action by Governments; w9 B* a' P2 r+ f2 @6 b, g* d
92. Domestic embargo! F- l4 Y0 ^" L% D. s% P
93. Blacklisting of traders
( V0 [1 @' {2 T' f3 T) ^ A2 i5 c 94. International sellers’ embargo; D/ _ t4 C. G1 a3 v
95. International buyers’ embargo! h2 N, n; N0 ?' _6 k
96. International trade embargo0 b% ^. h8 [# |6 t7 c
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( k& R8 n4 }6 ?8 S/ B) x. I
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Symbolic Strikes
4 B" i) |+ J# K1 B 97. Protest strike! }' i) Z+ O9 S3 D5 L7 s4 v& h
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); j# w* q: i9 f4 G
& |" ?* m* L. s3 HAgricultural Strikes
( r0 ^& K e1 O0 o- J) D 99. Peasant strike+ e. [" O" I6 U9 _- m) C/ M+ s
100. Farm Workers’ strike2 P& A, q% | W C- r. B- o+ Y* O
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Strikes by Special Groups! [. j: \/ m# `3 F) J
101. Refusal of impressed labor7 D' l/ P6 T4 q) }; i
102. Prisoners’ strike
4 t. q$ x5 O# g5 f 103. Craft strike
; v7 y1 h: \1 n9 G5 j 104. Professional strike% I; L5 y" b+ y& }% H
+ P: h, _- I9 c2 P7 O1 L4 vOrdinary Industrial Strikes
* L* O6 t4 W- E3 \$ L8 {4 p 105. Establishment strike+ C8 U* s _7 _, N$ ~& c
106. Industry strike' Q- L$ B$ ^) U7 g+ ]
107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes
% Z0 V0 o; E- D; P3 P 108. Detailed strike
) C. _' s) _, e% b5 |0 ^ 109. Bumper strike4 u, J: H6 x1 F: E! K
110. Slowdown strike
/ y- x. r. i$ X0 l* e" B 111. Working-to-rule strike
7 C/ F ]* P- R7 d! T0 q; w& s5 A$ O 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
' k$ j6 D+ ]. F3 e* ~) M 113. Strike by resignation; p' c- P! @2 e7 _/ C5 ]! D( i
114. Limited strike1 g$ t- v! R5 f6 P
115. Selective strike
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8 r, u, f l z: c* X' b* V" IMulti-Industry Strikes
$ ^! n5 D9 _3 I" U
! J3 s. {" s$ a9 G% w" x8 @ 116. Generalized strike) f* B3 j+ J) y) V* ]6 A. V
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117. General strike1 b2 g7 X# p- F( j
7 \3 [0 X- @1 HCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures1 }. H* M( `8 _4 l' \, L4 A
1 P% |# k" f l. m. ~/ o 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown* t- x" v6 M9 M7 k$ ?
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8 G& n% P0 R! f, ~ X: VTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 B W, y5 P/ E9 l# c: `" U: w8 y% ?
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( @" R. c: {) p! T" ZRejection of Authority
' m( J2 m# [4 P. i 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* c& J J% M4 A5 n4 S, V1 @6 z 121. Refusal of public support9 n7 F; ]" v* ^; t4 U5 N% X
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, w4 e+ _' h2 `1 e
^/ {% A0 Y2 C' _2 E( I$ tCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government" g2 C0 L+ ~: r* ^" p% w
123. Boycott of legislative bodies, x# B( ?. L0 b9 m' s$ M2 ^
124. Boycott of elections$ [& d/ F1 @' _
125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 {& c' M- J9 f \- Y, ^# `+ {
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: c: X f1 w4 |: d' ~1 U7 ]1 l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) r, u& S" w7 ^1 l4 f: X
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, v. M9 E _" G2 T$ b
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ W3 r; e' i9 ~% h( d 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 A) f% k9 o8 \. n( J! S" j V 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 l1 d- O9 S a5 ?4 G L
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 K5 ^9 | p0 J3 r4 Z8 e) d# Y5 {1 \3 S! i8 g; e8 h$ d
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 y# Y4 u/ s: J5 S* r6 l- T 133. Reluctant and slow compliance' b% F% p S5 y, e
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! H- N( g @3 b. O: S
135. Popular nonobedience. O- s- r3 ^/ T( q) C+ @
136. Disguised disobedience: m, ?5 v' W/ _' s4 {
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 E g# k2 C7 b. X+ w 138. Sitdown/ A( `# o& i; s& O2 P. l; m, S
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. f5 q* @" Z) q1 p1 J# J
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 e- D% y* _4 I+ g# z0 ^ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel
B# q% [: E' ]+ Z: G- L2 z# l6 l6 t 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 t" k( A! A6 E# w! @+ d' c
143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 G; }6 k* K& z2 D% O
144. Stalling and obstruction
! d" e& {# `3 h2 }3 U 145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation) H! Y. O5 a* r" r
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; {% G0 s! n2 B3 O! { 148. Mutiny
* w5 k6 b9 i0 c- J6 M+ jDomestic Governmental Action+ n S; s4 w: x+ P$ m
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays4 d- c9 b2 L `7 g: _
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; ^6 g Z0 p* h" w1 U) Z/ G
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International Governmental Action
% J1 L3 f1 Y; F C 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, y } G; g7 P% l' I" z F 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: R# H+ E' u0 Y, U
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 U- ^3 D" T" e) q! G+ y' } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations) q/ @) d0 {* m6 G. G
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ I; d9 W# w* F4 m+ k# C 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ G( Q4 ?" \5 C: H6 @ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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; `! `3 c% @4 C& LTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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! C( X9 [( N5 Q& w" TPsychological Intervention, h' s$ _! S3 S9 }1 O; t2 x
158. Self-exposure to the elements% w& E; R, X; Y, B4 b ^
159. The fast
7 m6 n" \6 I4 \1 V a) Fast of moral pressure
, T% @2 K5 j" u+ o5 [# F b) Hunger strike; \+ R: Z y! q& p) S
c) Satyagrahic fast a4 R" s+ M1 d M
160. Reverse trial' c4 H- _& W3 U" ?# E
161. Nonviolent harassment" S; s- w% k7 h. u3 B) E- G' P
# g: g) N0 n$ K7 CPhysical Intervention( z% w1 y% `6 d w1 W
162. Sit-in
% [! T3 ~1 }6 W# I* V5 [ 163. Stand-in( a* R6 p! v( |- ?8 g
164. Ride-in! F; ` a7 C3 ^8 b: r' D
165. Wade-in
2 l9 G" t: ?, i2 s1 A8 V 166. Mill-in: o% |5 c8 i5 l8 d
167. Pray-in
; C9 d. h0 h% b# I7 k 168. Nonviolent raids. C- K: |2 j) E3 p% z: c
169. Nonviolent air raids
) d, t! A/ r" I1 T+ @/ M- M 170. Nonviolent invasion
; h; s' [6 Q h. y0 s& ?- {' { 171. Nonviolent interjection
; v7 C; W1 Q9 D5 d$ C 172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 M5 {3 R/ F! K4 l% K5 S4 q' w8 W 173. Nonviolent occupation7 ]5 _* C+ V. |& ~1 a, {" T9 W
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Social Intervention
" A3 J0 O6 K7 q9 h+ o# f5 L 174. Establishing new social patterns: M1 |4 Q+ r( Z1 S `' c$ _8 Q2 I3 Y
175. Overloading of facilities7 R+ H6 f' K# y2 {3 g
176. Stall-in: z2 j; x! I1 X" Z
177. Speak-in4 `* x* @& ?9 m& D) I
178. Guerrilla theater2 j' g; k0 C9 l( D
179. Alternative social institutions
& B' w7 d4 H+ H# V, G! w7 [ 180. Alternative communication system
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$ C4 A, Z' \: y7 X6 m9 Y* x1 C' }Economic Intervention) p' R3 C* C3 j* n# l) k9 r, W
181. Reverse strike
5 ?: ?+ Z( }9 E 182. Stay-in strike
6 A" q5 E" z. {5 z; }' ~ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' ~' c) ]- _9 N& m/ R 184. Defiance of blockades8 ?/ v% _) `+ X4 @; a8 c6 f! Y8 {
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: W: E8 T4 C5 x( w 186. Preclusive purchasing+ }' W+ _6 R9 P6 k
187. Seizure of assets/ A+ f; t; W6 R8 R
188. Dumping
' X' |5 k+ F4 c- C3 ]# h0 a" R 189. Selective patronage
. f3 L* N5 Y" N, K 190. Alternative markets, g( O3 Z5 f7 ^
191. Alternative transportation systems
9 u. N+ g$ q) a 192. Alternative economic institutions2 V9 }0 `! [, K3 A' N, ]& _2 r' }
4 w5 V; i* R! F( w* \3 TPolitical Intervention( k/ P8 R' L7 e( {# _, P
193. Overloading of administrative systems
" \' u6 x& g3 ~* O, }3 K 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
) ^9 u9 g [! S) M. q6 F 195. Seeking imprisonment
/ n' O' m( `+ ]' O$ t z2 e 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! W, s0 }* k/ G& R; w1 K |
197. Work-on without collaboration: L7 o3 Q8 i1 ~3 }" Q/ o7 w
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 a9 X/ i4 h* L; I2 B1 }( n6 B) ]" j% p
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
