 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, w, D+ ` `; h: n
Formal Statements
! g! Z' I" Q9 U! ^ 1. Public Speeches
* _. H2 M [8 j! | 2. Letters of opposition or support1 m: r% `: B, P8 f
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions" j5 X* ]( [) E V. F
4. Signed public statements" ~6 v8 l* R8 N
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 j* p4 i3 J( N- f! I 6. Group or mass petitions
/ ^2 X" P- I$ u) I# c
* h+ C) f4 M3 v2 O- q& HCommunications with a Wider Audience
) |" k+ J8 [. i4 v" B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* \! Q3 c- c2 a/ C1 t
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! c; h) h) Y$ w$ ]- n( F/ V
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* ^& ?& }( j$ K2 m$ j' ^- J0 I/ n+ d
10. Newspapers and journals) ]0 P9 p5 I' H* ?2 N5 ~; ?7 p' d
11. Records, radio, and television6 s0 U3 r/ h% O+ q. p* @$ q4 F
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ G1 }* B) \' t) O! Q- w7 Y0 U2 Z* c1 d' z
Group Representations; ], j, F3 v s( z1 y, Q7 ^
13. Deputations
0 S8 q+ B9 t2 w8 l$ K1 q 14. Mock awards1 c) ? ]0 S) @6 a. l% v0 D
15. Group lobbying9 M `- G2 Y& u- z& Q
16. Picketing, E7 @) \# D& d/ }4 l& H8 U
17. Mock elections, g1 o( m' v8 P) j# d
# \* S. d( m+ A7 F1 Y
Symbolic Public Acts
, w! c# G* W* ^( i* _ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( y5 n. U7 V/ w
19. Wearing of symbols
7 s7 T) Y& m1 z% a 20. Prayer and worship5 |, p7 T, F: U0 \9 i+ X* z
21. Delivering symbolic objects; N# s+ ^0 r) e. u3 i$ r: p
22. Protest disrobings
2 T4 M5 K. w' J1 `. v' c, h 23. Destruction of own property- W" r* C( K& [2 l
24. Symbolic lights4 ]4 I4 R9 C Y9 H0 w
25. Displays of portraits
+ N2 _% s% m5 e1 I9 P 26. Paint as protest
/ N: u3 L- ^. F3 Y' Q 27. New signs and names
8 v6 m, ~, y/ f; Y 28. Symbolic sounds( f& o7 o) Y" p' F# A
29. Symbolic reclamations" e& a4 D% H2 j; Q4 V( ?( p, }0 ?
30. Rude gestures1 ]' N. G( T9 z( q6 s
+ l# G8 Y& W( xPressures on Individuals
: G: o& ~* G' n1 x$ x | 31. “Haunting” officials
/ D4 T% y2 a2 X$ ~7 E( H* u* _! E4 v 32. Taunting officials
+ ?% ]7 k( w: c: B& H& w 33. Fraternization
8 e/ X b9 q- E& W- d 34. Vigils, e* z6 N+ [3 h, i. i
! l" t% G( g. s6 t: ?% R4 p; z, ?8 l) ADrama and Music9 N2 w [# P: _3 c+ G
35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 j2 t8 K/ l( Y2 c- O1 ~ 36. Performances of plays and music
' q* I4 f" ]6 v2 B 37. Singing
. [ y# v* J- ?* e2 P" D, p0 c& ]
2 n) i2 V" ?* @. ]3 d7 MProcessions
" S6 s. P- A f/ ]. r 38. Marches8 k9 X% ^2 @$ q, m6 M
39. Parades
8 M- e& m- M9 D, T: L 40. Religious processions5 q& Z: W1 N+ e9 a
41. Pilgrimages+ h4 ]' x i6 Y. z- T$ s
42. Motorcades9 a9 m( }0 V4 Z0 F' m$ X/ r
* I. Q1 w) |' w$ \. o# LHonoring the Dead
- W& D. \) }9 ?/ a: e# c2 W 43. Political mourning
( B/ K+ J) |4 `) h( f: @- J 44. Mock funerals8 c) v) Q; N5 G% N& P; D$ Y
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ Z1 U/ U X! v+ q2 c4 \ 46. Homage at burial places
. B8 D4 h! O3 N5 \( Z1 C% M+ u0 r7 T# [; p" d( \
Public Assemblies
8 k. l k0 w3 f# U5 K 47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 B5 F! q, ]5 a: Z% l) J 48. Protest meetings8 F; \8 p! x5 w' s! Y
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, C3 H. Z) S6 W" Q 50. Teach-ins
3 Q! H9 @) a. J' b. m6 C, Z% v* C2 w
Withdrawal and Renunciation
0 ~8 w1 {1 }9 V% P: n0 i4 l 51. Walk-outs
. w6 I/ b/ Y+ b1 e, E 52. Silence0 X7 G0 i0 [8 @+ T- X+ Y
53. Renouncing honors
" b: ~# C* ^4 E1 g" ] 54. Turning one’s back
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m* n3 ^: \" A7 H1 z3 e
& F7 C! _5 o7 t s0 mTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 ~; L! z4 S8 _
3 M S& _# F) W* S2 M
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Ostracism of Persons/ \1 {* h. o" M. F7 Z. L+ }2 q
55. Social boycott
$ K, s$ N; g9 f: y' t8 t, x) Z 56. Selective social boycott; _* m2 ]4 t" _; S9 t" ? C6 \
57. Lysistratic nonaction" I" [' s9 S" X9 U" N9 c1 {! x
58. Excommunication
( c2 V8 E! G/ X5 | y, [; K 59. Interdict
0 {" L' F7 f4 }8 \3 J, B7 F( N! C$ Y5 O: V* R# K
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 E$ J2 p& F5 b* h. ?/ e/ h9 j 60. Suspension of social and sports activities- Q0 w& _6 e# K0 U/ `
61. Boycott of social affairs
+ I* P0 M4 D/ |1 k 62. Student strike
. @. A. `& E' U9 x: [2 I' ]5 W, K 63. Social disobedience& ]/ G+ j! H2 |* k n: J
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 B; Y: m' e- p
& e0 a& ]8 g2 NWithdrawal from the Social System" r+ N- V/ l- h+ k
65. Stay-at-home
$ ]3 @# h3 N4 s. L4 v 66. Total personal noncooperation
0 t" {$ b$ J1 W 67. “Flight” of workers
; m" l. i0 f9 Y1 i 68. Sanctuary
2 Y0 @- J. H* I* `8 K- c 69. Collective disappearance7 G# t- \4 L; p8 {
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 j( v; }% _2 }$ F
! ?4 `+ y) A d ) U9 c# f7 k4 j* ?; Y. r8 m
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 ~& y8 e/ p: P" N, v
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4 A0 E7 M( s# @9 FActions by Consumers9 p. b+ u9 I/ a, c
71. Consumers’ boycott1 A" M) i0 O* c& E9 Q$ n: r- J, e
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 |7 d R1 n4 H& X& m$ P. U
73. Policy of austerity% L7 F6 Y* n, @/ d
74. Rent withholding- n& O/ u+ [" w- v7 T7 g$ S
75. Refusal to rent, Y) A6 I% p1 |- F
76. National consumers’ boycott
$ i5 Y- W, I# C2 S6 ~1 K 77. International consumers’ boycott9 ]5 |1 r5 [6 @
* l% `& O* i4 N2 V3 ]! t3 P
Action by Workers and Producers: U0 b9 M0 C! J, G! {8 J; a
78. Workmen’s boycott
; |# l \6 m( R5 J5 ]2 F 79. Producers’ boycott D. W/ u+ W1 a' z! \
' Z0 R3 c9 t- lAction by Middlemen9 O9 Y1 R k/ @/ W
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
; o$ [6 S* X( Y! I3 P8 K( x% ^/ R4 W* [/ N( E3 \, @! R
Action by Owners and Management; I8 V6 v" Q+ W
81. Traders’ boycott
5 ]0 Y! ?" c4 | 82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ p5 D; j2 f; Y& x, u" u- U; J. U 83. Lockout
1 E8 e; L3 u6 ] 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. l) v5 g/ F* R 85. Merchants’ “general strike”! V" M# Z8 I7 e* N j0 R! u$ E+ h
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
$ s7 z4 Y* F+ S8 S 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. O( J$ \+ o! x& e 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 S" K/ j/ g" l( {' T% N6 l 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 d3 z1 g# Y1 d# T, X1 ]. S" k
89. Severance of funds and credit$ d0 b3 [$ @2 }- U+ B* ^
90. Revenue refusal9 M3 Q7 Q/ i5 Q* b8 u! |
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
6 f Z6 K3 ~- U7 I x 92. Domestic embargo
3 b1 y% e) f6 i* V 93. Blacklisting of traders" F9 C+ \4 i7 G; B$ I1 F
94. International sellers’ embargo7 ^* H+ z; ]0 a, T- y
95. International buyers’ embargo
8 T8 }7 S- ` W0 N8 T* E" x 96. International trade embargo
/ w% F' y" {* ?! m7 K5 b" B% R! N6 o v6 U1 Z- M. \, A3 p& Z
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. [4 F) H- y8 w% g2 T* q2 Q9 M% mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# I# Y- i( X8 N/ G" U" k6 }- o5 _
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! k4 g4 @' q- Y& u H- |Symbolic Strikes
C: \; o( k1 J! x( K! G 97. Protest strike
, H9 W3 s( i: j. m/ L \7 j 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 O0 t6 t/ H+ U4 y% `2 M
" q8 A5 t. h8 W9 a3 \Agricultural Strikes
- I# H) P( g q# J$ }; l 99. Peasant strike
6 P7 A4 k, C* s1 r4 F5 ? 100. Farm Workers’ strike+ _! z/ j4 U! T- c
3 R" N" G8 A- r& s. W# K# J# Q
Strikes by Special Groups- L S4 b9 i/ R3 k( Q
101. Refusal of impressed labor2 X* Y% s2 F" m, A
102. Prisoners’ strike
/ J y$ c6 J6 f4 t 103. Craft strike& ]; \; S. |' C }1 F" y# x
104. Professional strike6 k. D: M7 x E1 j
# n( \0 E# f# [' f' d, D
Ordinary Industrial Strikes; j( t C7 U t: c+ t
105. Establishment strike0 a# B8 |+ M+ \- T! n$ r' t% b
106. Industry strike& K/ G" ]( p2 ~* f6 L/ n% h
107. Sympathetic strike
- t0 `) U P6 c& M/ l0 m0 i% K( q8 c6 d
Restricted Strikes
! ]# C/ R z2 B* M: X: t 108. Detailed strike
3 e t+ W8 U/ |6 a' W 109. Bumper strike
9 m' L7 @+ i- M5 O6 n$ f 110. Slowdown strike, r% i* ~6 p7 M5 L. |' H1 m
111. Working-to-rule strike1 {) L! U5 h6 W
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 r9 W& K2 R/ c8 u3 H: O0 K9 |
113. Strike by resignation
! s( L2 n) {! S# [4 R4 d 114. Limited strike
6 G+ l- q! h! h) k 115. Selective strike, G* p4 S' H7 j
, }! e# p- @' i5 I5 U3 FMulti-Industry Strikes
' u! e" ]6 b! H( B! [' ]* \4 o' G: m0 ^* B, l4 G
116. Generalized strike
$ c) t7 N6 f. A- R3 H C$ [4 B6 X0 d$ \8 w$ l* ]* D8 Q
117. General strike
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* b2 {: G# ~- E6 P, _Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
^* B3 p$ S' g( o; B9 _9 C) ?& f% M! \+ [. Z6 q$ |% I7 c
118. Hartal8 G+ W1 ]+ i3 N0 S4 R( |- C# v/ o
! ]: k+ b& K2 ]( ]5 M) M2 H' ^ 119. Economic shutdown! }2 S# ?1 M' p
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- n' w z" t7 |/ ^0 L, ?# `THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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% U, {8 t) o# e t4 c. {Rejection of Authority. }! k7 n! j3 \- @4 l2 t9 W& Z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 W- u1 v: V# {9 S, y: y 121. Refusal of public support
) ^8 t9 ^& \; M9 T5 L 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ f2 W' V0 h. _' t* w$ D2 \( _( s/ _% R: D5 k$ h
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" X9 |# a$ \# U7 d8 T4 c+ I6 u 123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 J0 Q# u) \" K! v
124. Boycott of elections# Y# L* U. f [: |/ N w0 I2 H2 T7 \; l1 r
125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 J# I. i, [" d, C: r2 m
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: Q9 b1 _" T' z" h( p* p! Z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 V6 D; ^8 {- R9 A: n, y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ t8 H) V* e( _3 W! F3 m. V
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 \9 x2 F! P0 Y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* r4 P( \& s6 _9 L, c% N/ d
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 `( A& P! f7 o3 v: b' p8 p& n- {$ \ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- b7 ?! j; H8 t0 P
9 g8 F+ M P3 s
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% _* w3 @( j: ?* ] 133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 {' O4 p7 H/ i$ z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ ]6 Z' t' W2 Q a 135. Popular nonobedience
0 I- z5 b, R! U; \0 W 136. Disguised disobedience0 m; G& R1 B9 Z* M( L
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% _: P/ T& c A; i. U 138. Sitdown0 I. `( _8 P- N: I- g9 k
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' f" l' a2 ]7 P+ Q; Z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# `" O/ J& t5 |* f0 P$ ? 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
* ]( d6 O4 P7 b$ [' W( Z$ t! l& b0 ?) @( v! u r' p# @
Action by Government Personnel+ P+ h( x3 Z6 ?, E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ q7 a9 ?8 r& _5 m 143. Blocking of lines of command and information; |- M3 E4 }, g7 T
144. Stalling and obstruction
1 |+ y. B2 m0 `# b3 w# \ 145. General administrative noncooperation, K1 D7 w! v0 x, g2 h
2 W8 {, H) V- g' T' i 146. Judicial noncooperation6 a% u. [+ _8 U2 ^" i0 m4 S; r' q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents5 s+ G! C1 h! I$ t# t
148. Mutiny
1 X: e3 ~. v/ ADomestic Governmental Action
* S7 H0 H5 Q9 f8 `) L/ R 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 m6 ^+ m- C. P# ^0 [( `6 n u
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 C6 f7 |2 C- Z# I; M8 y9 d- W- Y! o" ^: j% s; D! v: C
International Governmental Action1 z5 a# M1 p, E4 i' G& X8 G% ]
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) T% D% v0 Z0 Y! ]1 v0 [
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. m8 A7 g8 S5 z. V* U: j
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: {% h# G/ j% N, w/ A; r
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 ^. g* y' ]7 @/ N 155. Withdrawal from international organizations, }! h4 r3 p! g ~. H
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 {+ d3 R/ K4 Q* @( d* e 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 `5 C4 s6 p8 S) V& r
! @2 }7 b5 b! B6 z
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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: c1 S. ? W% ^5 s+ w4 f0 ?/ V; LPsychological Intervention1 R5 k. K$ N* M6 d+ b# _+ m- ^ V
158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ f2 ~, `- y+ R) D, H a" M 159. The fast
i- Y- q& W1 M% H a) Fast of moral pressure5 ?; E T1 }/ [ o
b) Hunger strike, T) |& g7 E3 i" E3 u+ C
c) Satyagrahic fast
3 s5 l4 s l5 M! V 160. Reverse trial( @( `0 E- {% g4 c5 ^: k' n* P; p' Z
161. Nonviolent harassment' x& v6 |0 v- ?6 {& J) y& [( L
$ @6 ^; G/ J2 {0 M7 ~. r! `0 l
Physical Intervention
2 j S/ k/ T: J: \/ C4 Z 162. Sit-in
0 ^( f1 ]1 z8 j9 c 163. Stand-in
# m% E8 Z6 g9 W 164. Ride-in) P4 _3 o" D: N \4 `
165. Wade-in% Y8 d" w* D: z* n+ n( r
166. Mill-in
) c W5 [' U7 F9 ~ 167. Pray-in
( _7 M5 [7 M! A4 z 168. Nonviolent raids8 e1 M2 J& W5 Q1 B
169. Nonviolent air raids
7 W/ F# ~# I7 a ?: h, F6 ]: m5 X 170. Nonviolent invasion
O E ~: M* P 171. Nonviolent interjection
* i: X0 ^! V* v% s/ d, ? 172. Nonviolent obstruction
) X% _+ x3 [2 a6 ^ 173. Nonviolent occupation
4 M" y0 B% } w0 o" h2 H8 N
8 K2 f! R6 e& j! V1 ]% [Social Intervention' I! g% b. p! y; L8 F* z
174. Establishing new social patterns
! m' {' x7 e5 O3 ^ 175. Overloading of facilities$ Y% Y8 u; o# p( j3 X/ D' k
176. Stall-in
+ ]& W3 {4 O; W: y* u0 h N: g5 v 177. Speak-in; J/ G" ^" F$ G" |! R2 I9 B2 A
178. Guerrilla theater
7 y. o" b. N. l4 g" S2 x: y 179. Alternative social institutions( L6 w# e, O `
180. Alternative communication system' A/ w+ J/ B5 ?2 v Y5 d
4 B- p# |/ ?# q0 j; q3 d! d# j h
Economic Intervention
- p6 x/ ^1 L# m, j" k2 h7 J$ e$ i 181. Reverse strike
( {/ f. k( Y8 ] 182. Stay-in strike; P" E; w, \' v6 e( Z0 c) H! g
183. Nonviolent land seizure1 q i0 o7 L9 a: B8 `5 Z: o
184. Defiance of blockades
- r9 m% P& J9 W* ^ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ U/ x# y1 n3 ~/ w: P* _
186. Preclusive purchasing
" q. i3 d8 a' P" ^5 L 187. Seizure of assets& y. y: V6 i: C0 U
188. Dumping& k' ?) k) x9 T
189. Selective patronage8 r2 U4 J! ^0 |7 T, v# L; T
190. Alternative markets
( m. p9 ^5 E( W3 [2 j3 d 191. Alternative transportation systems
d8 } W. K& a8 h6 z' U# C$ ? 192. Alternative economic institutions
3 A1 S: {5 @; Y# Y8 S
1 K5 ?* K- P/ ~7 n& ~. ^ zPolitical Intervention
* F0 t8 ]$ J: z9 p3 ]$ C 193. Overloading of administrative systems5 i& @$ A I5 P7 S8 F5 w: s
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# \7 d' @7 B7 ]$ O
195. Seeking imprisonment
' @2 J, T1 V8 p7 \( J' @2 g9 v 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. i# [8 h. ^; Q2 H" U
197. Work-on without collaboration
, m9 i& J: d I# y3 i, K 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
4 G+ Z9 A# ^% N1 l4 a$ r# a. P" o9 t- R( r+ R1 r) a X
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
