 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 W C2 q+ U f8 R- J: H" p
Formal Statements
+ {! v) m( c5 k5 s4 Z 1. Public Speeches
3 K6 A" Z+ {; K 2. Letters of opposition or support& k2 _% T! S! F: i6 D
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 ^! u9 h$ ^+ `. `6 Y! ]
4. Signed public statements# W; @2 M, @9 v' J& r
5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ \2 c. {0 q2 [$ A* x
6. Group or mass petitions
8 e \+ _ n' g1 {- F6 X, Y. B* z; \% ]% u5 b0 j9 E. K0 ~0 L, f! H+ b
Communications with a Wider Audience: ]6 m8 m7 c, t
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- [9 M" l& R. D- t5 Q- O& d 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 Y6 }0 G' }, z" x! k 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( }7 P( c9 p/ J4 y! G% s
10. Newspapers and journals- I" s' S) Z; x Q- b
11. Records, radio, and television
4 O) h4 c8 a: ]$ Q, c* P" { 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 o, t9 c. a! |+ G4 F
0 l. ^5 t8 i5 a
Group Representations
. D/ o8 \9 S: u+ z: T. J 13. Deputations: t: ~3 y5 {9 d' D7 m
14. Mock awards& i' d s4 n3 r* R9 I9 l( W- \0 k# ?
15. Group lobbying# U" d0 O& E: c5 g( G0 T+ p, b$ B
16. Picketing ^. s9 n+ I2 d
17. Mock elections5 F: w/ l+ H/ |5 x; u' y' j" Y3 W
2 m: H6 g+ m i) }( n( ^& }
Symbolic Public Acts
) V- Z2 C: I% U& J 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: Z0 o/ z6 {0 Q 19. Wearing of symbols8 F9 `% G& d+ m9 J$ W$ |1 [) \/ K
20. Prayer and worship; Z9 |6 Y/ n8 F
21. Delivering symbolic objects
; y/ l( @; h' _& n$ l: u 22. Protest disrobings0 J. o6 Y4 B) b8 }2 c! M A
23. Destruction of own property
9 v1 ?3 K! x$ G' S" p, A 24. Symbolic lights
& C! Z% g0 O4 X: H! n/ Q$ k: _ 25. Displays of portraits; I0 S2 n1 b' V
26. Paint as protest; x7 g+ H( T1 p' G9 a0 ]/ f
27. New signs and names
1 n! g) V: Z% X) g+ u! S1 ] 28. Symbolic sounds0 j+ J1 e! ?; `0 r" [
29. Symbolic reclamations
$ C- I, p; u0 N% P, E) c 30. Rude gestures
6 [$ R& N8 |; l4 \: q6 t4 i e- v& u$ N
Pressures on Individuals
) H: w5 p4 ~9 X' I1 } 31. “Haunting” officials& b b7 h/ q& G8 A
32. Taunting officials
0 J% b$ [- H! L; D5 g7 i 33. Fraternization
7 g7 q M7 L& _+ I" q2 y n 34. Vigils# `% o) F% Y5 `' h5 M
% a5 G6 L' k$ ~+ J# bDrama and Music: c8 x6 d8 _4 w% v5 m
35. Humorous skits and pranks! Q a# t: W+ s; ]- E
36. Performances of plays and music
! t3 l' _7 s& P. \; b0 V& V8 x 37. Singing" {9 s# r0 f* C8 u
$ a/ i/ x1 `, @# _& |/ }5 ZProcessions
1 a8 `* Z, R" B2 ?" N A 38. Marches
1 B6 w0 k- K6 x5 }7 `- n 39. Parades
3 U% |! U% \2 G8 _4 \* Z9 X 40. Religious processions
/ C' C$ f* x3 o8 C; y6 ~ 41. Pilgrimages/ q. y, Y* i7 H" o5 y5 s* x
42. Motorcades4 ?$ H3 ~% Q' |- T+ Z
* g. z/ {8 y+ h
Honoring the Dead
# c% E2 x5 i% W8 e0 L' Y% @# { 43. Political mourning# x6 D4 A8 N {6 T" @
44. Mock funerals
3 C. h/ A. Q, K6 E 45. Demonstrative funerals! a7 E! v' B- P. y3 V6 ]
46. Homage at burial places
1 O+ k s# D4 ?8 [" U. [$ S0 D0 }
Public Assemblies
U+ x( j% j5 ], \! L: t. g; C7 h 47. Assemblies of protest or support- V1 _# Q8 t( u) L g
48. Protest meetings/ U0 b. V' _% o/ R* w( T/ J
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 V8 I' T- U3 t$ L7 r7 o$ E 50. Teach-ins
7 g) n: ~1 w& ]6 }/ ?% D$ k ^/ L. [ M- K% |1 M! Q( l4 X
Withdrawal and Renunciation: b7 h4 i, k/ h" N) z# o; \
51. Walk-outs l! K; N7 F \
52. Silence
% V# |; f) b7 _* u) w6 ] 53. Renouncing honors
2 {' U5 r# |# e/ F 54. Turning one’s back
) X( N' \, P( G/ f$ g0 J' L$ ]. E& r; b5 z2 b$ Z! [. [
5 y( m& ~4 }, p+ j# N I# _
# c% J E+ F! H. u/ C; t7 dTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* g4 ?: b5 x" E$ d) S0 x3 X4 n
& k" _- _4 Y" t- s3 ?" v- C
2 ]) j7 X) c1 s5 X7 h( d5 C& ?& z4 D9 ~9 t, V* J8 G. k7 O5 l; ~% q
Ostracism of Persons z0 [3 {$ b( g3 ^4 v8 J _7 y4 E" I0 ~
55. Social boycott+ j+ d6 R+ X2 c1 c' D& @' r
56. Selective social boycott: F w& w: ^. f9 B
57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ i) l: D& O- o3 ~ 58. Excommunication- M# V7 ?! S% i) c) G% t3 k
59. Interdict4 a5 H* j. |$ p6 p. l% w+ P0 U% _
o$ g a$ C* [: A, b
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions0 j5 S. ^. Q; V$ A6 ?6 F
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 g, W4 ?# B" {" ?4 x 61. Boycott of social affairs0 S j X0 T5 R9 ~2 @5 N
62. Student strike) g9 R% T4 B7 v r% |$ X0 l
63. Social disobedience
/ B0 d' V! [2 j. m. _& m 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 b4 d" Z8 `/ y- g6 f `, q
$ T6 O! M. g6 Q2 a! U6 W" {Withdrawal from the Social System
8 s0 I4 p J8 c* F' ]; L; t3 E9 D 65. Stay-at-home
9 ^( c J# {( d! P9 P Z( [9 S 66. Total personal noncooperation( J6 {- y9 y% x0 f- z( H0 r
67. “Flight” of workers" _' [5 u/ I( L+ q2 M
68. Sanctuary
- |- J2 f+ H8 p1 R d% R 69. Collective disappearance
5 X! q" n( f( {( Y" ^3 r 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- |7 D. V' w; P7 e
: r. ?3 k" I- Y6 Y' g& g/ n ; d4 i, x' Q& @2 A( b
% h; \( b5 q8 t% `+ ]
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" b% l$ r% `/ Z( U
; T g; S# r- \& ~ |* G- Q+ d
2 ]0 c8 c7 L) v3 z+ d1 h5 L
Actions by Consumers
# k8 p/ M6 W, t ^ 71. Consumers’ boycott# A3 I+ O4 h3 ?# _! g
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
1 N7 x: l& r0 C( M0 R 73. Policy of austerity% F! O @6 t3 V4 i0 |
74. Rent withholding
( z8 S; s/ @2 W1 r; X& F; g" u3 i 75. Refusal to rent
& B0 c3 E8 K! C; Y! c- [4 Q 76. National consumers’ boycott
) z: E F8 W- ?# H/ v1 S 77. International consumers’ boycott( Q6 {( p9 U% ]: P7 @8 T6 U0 }
8 J+ _ o' M1 r. V& lAction by Workers and Producers
5 O6 Q/ H- M4 P: L: X; z' }( D' x' W 78. Workmen’s boycott
2 I2 [! l g( j `- H 79. Producers’ boycott; ?, U" P. m: b* Q
. U+ w+ V* w) F& V) @' A
Action by Middlemen
8 u8 ^+ T/ Q3 J( e# x: \ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- N$ {+ x+ A1 K# c9 b8 S
& ?9 D! v8 \/ c5 t; r A* ]
Action by Owners and Management j9 d7 n) E0 O* n" W3 W: `
81. Traders’ boycott
* }0 `: X8 K/ F5 m: a 82. Refusal to let or sell property* X; X6 x" Z1 n" X; F; l) C
83. Lockout
! A, o5 ?1 y, s) T1 j# I 84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 m; d, F) k% b9 n% a$ `- }
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 t! q. ~7 Q t: z$ l o) g* l% R
Action by Holders of Financial Resources; \8 w3 p9 ^% O! u( `
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! K7 x0 i1 S9 O. t. a. Z+ v 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
l! d! G. J) e; c, H, s) ^5 X5 V 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest3 A: ^) O; b) n
89. Severance of funds and credit
3 E1 r1 G7 e) m3 O- _ 90. Revenue refusal% X7 ^) K/ s5 I7 L* [. [, C
91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 S$ H3 B6 s/ ^+ |( _
! Y/ y) Y& n. ^0 R' K# R# tAction by Governments
! Y. b. H: I* N. {$ F5 ~* T# `9 ^ 92. Domestic embargo
M! J- T: Z+ {, _ 93. Blacklisting of traders
/ h7 h0 ?% A& r 94. International sellers’ embargo, {5 _) L$ z- ]) a
95. International buyers’ embargo
9 w- k1 T, S( M 96. International trade embargo% ^, z8 s# W( Y5 P) v& ~
; d7 N. l5 g. L6 @& L/ j
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/ N' h, v: \( H+ s5 BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# y2 I6 z3 m) K
4 u. w* Y6 J+ | f% x
) `1 P' O2 U* J( {: `% nSymbolic Strikes3 O4 I* ^6 J, \( A$ l! p" ^+ S
97. Protest strike3 ]8 Q4 P, E0 G
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, J* y. q T" Y, P" m/ i: T
- S. j- h) @# S1 ]3 Q+ HAgricultural Strikes. B" i. G% E% a) |2 T" V' F2 `
99. Peasant strike% l! E+ l2 }1 ?7 u, x7 f
100. Farm Workers’ strike4 x0 W1 N, W2 e ]8 O# k/ z
- L8 d; b, t* m5 ~Strikes by Special Groups
7 F' p- K- R( `5 I. i+ c. r0 N) \1 l 101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 m0 m/ p# S/ S+ a; c* g 102. Prisoners’ strike
: A4 K' i3 m2 z ` 103. Craft strike( H$ R1 y" n# f2 b% [4 ]
104. Professional strike. w6 n4 l8 d+ r% @7 L
' p0 e2 S- U. l0 Q% ], g& |* D- L
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
$ i, W( n8 }9 `0 ^ 105. Establishment strike) J5 J0 t0 o# d' D$ X
106. Industry strike( i) n! G3 v1 V9 O+ O8 K/ X
107. Sympathetic strike
2 N/ r# p' U# D S
$ J6 `8 \0 W. Z7 T8 q" K1 @Restricted Strikes
9 |" e7 r) C/ h 108. Detailed strike
h& O1 z; F' H3 p: D$ a 109. Bumper strike
n" P3 U1 h, r) f 110. Slowdown strike
3 z: ^0 T M# Q0 ^ W 111. Working-to-rule strike" Y5 `- s ` b. B5 |
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
! M0 f9 ^0 I. |# f 113. Strike by resignation: P" Q6 P5 ?7 @* W7 W: E3 C
114. Limited strike
1 r) x9 G( o* S0 s6 I 115. Selective strike4 v' d3 Z' F0 p* f2 ~( N1 G
' T, X6 G) \( z4 JMulti-Industry Strikes% D" O. n2 H' J% H. W
& t' o# N7 g# j, q5 i 116. Generalized strike
! t; ^) K+ @0 l/ V, T2 u4 H% N* A
- k& A. ^6 ^8 d5 M# w* c 117. General strike* ~% l) o7 R+ A
3 l, U8 K0 O! C7 s
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures- S& t8 l* i, V8 u8 G: }. M( m8 @
! l4 v# p" T* w! U* Y4 v
118. Hartal
& B0 A7 Q! s$ z8 ^
! _, j1 ~) Z7 s$ ] \8 S 119. Economic shutdown# X8 q: ~1 c+ d3 V5 v/ w: _
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* ~. d+ K- I! w* d) X% q; `3 x% D( z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. |/ i" Y* [/ K* D1 x g. W
7 Q _0 O% h* N1 b3 ?/ l& ^' J( a
0 l" Y3 B8 r2 D, ~! d" s: y0 JRejection of Authority6 V- `* n2 }/ [5 T
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 x) u1 u' X) X5 i& m& m1 L4 r# o
121. Refusal of public support& w8 p% v7 [/ i4 @, @# X% O
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( D* ]# e. d, ^( C9 Q/ s
* W( J0 A( ~/ f- I; j% |Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 O. l; f. d O' c B7 K 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: S9 N0 O/ q7 l/ N 124. Boycott of elections F6 t5 { q5 V! p" l% n
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 d( x" l& ?! n, {% S 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ J" e. ^5 s1 [ z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 b* t5 V: r0 @
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations R+ k% r' N# z5 O
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& Z3 w+ L8 s( T$ L! h 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 M, ?5 Y) ^( {# x 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- ]( j- @ f# `5 `4 D& G0 K
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions8 z2 t2 I& Q- V) z
* L$ m6 q# p' |' k: [! JCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ @5 B- _: Y) m( N) X
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 `: O. a5 U( z# @' n 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 k7 C; S8 o* e4 S4 u E
135. Popular nonobedience
. V( y- z: f2 O$ C5 C) Z3 q0 s/ \' e 136. Disguised disobedience, x& k& i" |+ F$ {7 Z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ t$ A0 m4 i/ r5 T( L8 k7 X
138. Sitdown6 ~" {/ Z+ i& }. C
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) ]! j$ l$ d- Q& u L9 X8 i) q 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- ^8 `$ |5 u' I# \ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
; r; q- G' L; ?8 e( w( ?4 F0 p4 p5 J0 |5 i2 [" v! @
Action by Government Personnel
8 V4 c/ E* K2 N& z0 E- a! s 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' F& U: e1 W. H' h6 B# X 143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 r% i. X1 @3 C R
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 L! ?1 l5 e; {; T. Q 145. General administrative noncooperation
@ `/ P1 _7 {" [4 u% w L3 B2 r) i$ C, F5 u: Y1 S" g
146. Judicial noncooperation
, b& [# C( g5 h9 @ S4 M2 a 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
_" i; L/ `8 D+ p 148. Mutiny
% I3 N# o: v: f0 k3 KDomestic Governmental Action6 @5 c! K6 H! D& U( r& \
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 n3 _$ H5 Z3 n2 i& a 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 T7 W2 ^0 ^7 A2 `9 I/ N* d. U% j5 ~; q: m0 E! M! P$ z& N
International Governmental Action
* g- @/ I# Q" W d, _% R/ U( y 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations# R3 U' g. n4 M8 [: D
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 v0 h" z, n+ I 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
% |8 x& p( | X$ B8 Q4 K 154. Severance of diplomatic relations Z z- `* R6 _; B: ?* b& ~/ ^: g
155. Withdrawal from international organizations- g2 X* F: N j4 n/ y/ B7 o2 v7 f9 ^
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 x, W, Z/ f+ g, `* S+ a
157. Expulsion from international organizations
' B! @( }7 x! N* Q7 }% q
5 ]. S. X) t+ ~7 u4 a( u 8 d. \8 R. R& q2 I# f- D. g+ u
4 N7 G F) y/ c5 q6 s( @6 q) ]THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
: e4 u8 L) f( B( j4 A! F: |- p
( @; y) @$ ]8 N % w" Q: [9 \' L& z
Psychological Intervention: |8 W3 b* j9 E+ B% N2 |
158. Self-exposure to the elements2 F; g& x+ V% Y) ~
159. The fast
3 O" k# w+ l/ A0 g& E a) Fast of moral pressure/ m' E3 P: U1 J$ {
b) Hunger strike
4 k1 p: @2 E$ X8 F1 `) v# ` c) Satyagrahic fast3 Q3 z" g) S6 h: K- Y, Q6 A
160. Reverse trial( H0 g: P5 f: R1 v
161. Nonviolent harassment
, l- {( R2 d1 x! O* ?6 E! U: f8 r2 G6 M
Physical Intervention y4 R$ L1 ?. B
162. Sit-in
* y+ d2 p3 [# Z2 N0 g5 Z3 e 163. Stand-in
8 x& a0 {7 x, |9 U) g, Z 164. Ride-in* ^) j0 Z; O1 e9 u* C2 A
165. Wade-in
% e# m- Z( t8 E- s* H& s# }5 I- A3 r 166. Mill-in
1 H' `+ |- {) T' M 167. Pray-in
1 o) D& w& A6 l! H& s; F; t j 168. Nonviolent raids2 d. ^& ~& g, J: h9 l8 b: v
169. Nonviolent air raids* i o4 o' j! H
170. Nonviolent invasion
3 p0 u. X2 S3 R6 i4 | 171. Nonviolent interjection. K2 H' I1 i- R& a' l0 ^- X
172. Nonviolent obstruction- e9 H1 u1 J0 o) V0 t/ q3 z+ {$ c
173. Nonviolent occupation/ K, y" E) H( e+ l
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Social Intervention
5 t) u3 D) t; |! t 174. Establishing new social patterns
) M4 @" V8 f6 S3 b0 i5 a3 Z: | 175. Overloading of facilities
4 q6 T$ k0 R' C3 Z- C# \ 176. Stall-in# A: w# l" I6 d+ Z& _9 q [' M. I
177. Speak-in
7 B ]; G2 @1 P# y. f 178. Guerrilla theater
! f3 g7 J' O( f" a! I& I# v T 179. Alternative social institutions9 s' ~6 l6 V- Z
180. Alternative communication system; O; M# Q( ~' }7 ^$ L+ R6 E+ H
9 j. |# Q1 E' U I3 k7 x/ R
Economic Intervention
! l% v. G" Z/ e) r" Q) q+ z 181. Reverse strike* O2 I/ H2 J: E( r* r6 Y2 M i( |
182. Stay-in strike
0 ]& P& }4 ^. x: r 183. Nonviolent land seizure. g2 V8 `1 |: M
184. Defiance of blockades% T4 C6 O( }& g, v- z% d- ^. b
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
5 y3 ?; P: b/ f$ J$ c0 J+ S' Q 186. Preclusive purchasing
2 |( n; f ^" h9 l+ ~0 H" v 187. Seizure of assets
2 r, N" _' t! @+ H1 } 188. Dumping
& Z) \2 B1 g4 N% q 189. Selective patronage1 @$ `; g. n p) O8 M" l
190. Alternative markets N9 j' n2 U9 i4 h
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 D6 o/ W% K& \# O5 z+ R 192. Alternative economic institutions4 ^: v: ]0 S. e. Z" Z
- _. }: \; ~7 D8 P
Political Intervention
0 v$ [7 E0 S/ v. @' J g 193. Overloading of administrative systems# n H5 q! p; w o4 k. v6 \. d* j
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! C# ~& C; y" p9 T' I% p! N 195. Seeking imprisonment
/ q$ f+ ~( X$ U8 i6 W: ?: ` 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" Q0 x3 \: B9 S' S8 F+ d* q! E/ n% T5 ~. d
197. Work-on without collaboration$ O4 X$ g# k. f8 d- s3 l! p
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
