 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) t: r3 y) S+ m5 yFormal Statements
' \6 T9 M2 S3 s4 ^; I/ M* G 1. Public Speeches: d' o; B" o; j5 L3 i
2. Letters of opposition or support
- L- y* O. E0 F( o$ v3 E, p! P5 f; \ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions& O2 {+ N# q7 j
4. Signed public statements q' w) f1 ?, W8 e
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! K" J2 U/ m/ N: _ ?/ w4 ~7 I 6. Group or mass petitions
7 q9 q9 r! Q: w# }5 V( X6 m" J E" U4 j: Q3 o9 ~. z: W% E& Y
Communications with a Wider Audience" ?% V( ]$ J: X
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- t1 `, Y/ U- H' q0 T 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 Z3 V6 [0 l/ p, {4 _
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ j3 T8 g* w3 a 10. Newspapers and journals
- B/ |6 O5 o8 I) K 11. Records, radio, and television
( V8 m) U! A7 t- q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
5 w3 Z" Y+ L H. M1 k. e: W8 }$ J% \% b; |& ]( B
Group Representations% @) y- s7 n# [0 i4 S9 S
13. Deputations
/ e1 \9 R/ l7 M" l: [' v' c 14. Mock awards
) Q, Z$ Q9 D" Q4 \0 a. M 15. Group lobbying
3 u3 y; w: h9 u9 `) e& c. ^ 16. Picketing( p& P5 ^" O8 |* o* J( e' Y5 _
17. Mock elections* i" g: `+ R. y
4 N& D5 k7 n' C( H0 M; R1 O$ w6 ZSymbolic Public Acts% W5 w9 M$ Z' i* x9 d! J
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
z* m* E% r, D6 F9 X, ~6 k$ _+ } 19. Wearing of symbols0 h5 e8 X3 m6 K! g, v6 {5 w! Y: D F
20. Prayer and worship# {: a1 r# h$ ~! h2 y$ L
21. Delivering symbolic objects+ {6 h- K2 l$ _. M. C- K- s( w+ {
22. Protest disrobings
% d$ E/ X. d, z3 E 23. Destruction of own property
9 V4 `3 S+ h' ^2 Q; ? 24. Symbolic lights
& S9 V! N9 f- j, w2 F1 Q$ A; { 25. Displays of portraits
' _& D2 X7 y2 ^ 26. Paint as protest
6 Q) R! e& K2 ]# d) W+ U& h P 27. New signs and names$ c3 X+ q. B5 O
28. Symbolic sounds7 W/ \3 B4 \; V& L
29. Symbolic reclamations
6 f; }3 W1 j3 l2 W/ I% K* ?( l 30. Rude gestures
# f/ \1 `& W# V5 p& O
' @) y H) @# c9 k. yPressures on Individuals4 ?. c& h6 u3 ?3 P5 j
31. “Haunting” officials
4 W* f% x$ N4 Q+ F 32. Taunting officials* f2 ]& c$ F- O" d
33. Fraternization
$ W* C4 ?# m' i: e! v 34. Vigils
4 l% L: J- x9 O* h8 y0 s0 X V# a" n6 \0 w/ m8 D; I
Drama and Music
. p" Z1 ?( z, I5 G 35. Humorous skits and pranks
* j& c! o/ E0 |3 d$ J6 ~) F 36. Performances of plays and music8 ?8 C( F. ]4 L4 N/ T% t- \, s3 \& N9 v) b
37. Singing
' b N& @ ~* ~. w
6 A! j3 H& A4 l$ `+ X$ V' KProcessions7 d+ M# M! ^# X
38. Marches
5 f( n* l/ S, P, B1 H7 h 39. Parades1 o* o k1 L( |/ ~% o* C6 h
40. Religious processions
8 V0 b8 N# `; I. V 41. Pilgrimages1 U) \9 L6 n' _) e( v: O9 c
42. Motorcades
4 B# f5 t' N& s U7 \8 L% |' r8 K3 ?. ]8 y8 r
Honoring the Dead
& [2 | x2 s' @& K$ } 43. Political mourning
& _1 U6 y+ o- l4 J 44. Mock funerals
+ r7 u4 x6 d/ ~7 P. }5 o3 I 45. Demonstrative funerals
5 ^( n! s' Z) v1 ] 46. Homage at burial places- p: g+ b0 |3 H+ F1 j
g2 u8 |: R% U# Q) I1 j. Q
Public Assemblies
( r0 C" K0 `1 q' d' M, V 47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 {; j9 `* @1 C' V7 L; `$ c 48. Protest meetings. U' B; P: c+ J: O+ S
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 I) V. }$ T# a( a6 _, L: h
50. Teach-ins7 I8 {& g* O9 O4 V
3 i2 s: k R3 M+ k" m H5 N) m; o
Withdrawal and Renunciation7 ^' H! _4 ~% p5 Q
51. Walk-outs
{9 J# L: K }% E6 q0 w. k# [+ v 52. Silence
/ { ~, a% N+ i, _, q0 N1 { 53. Renouncing honors
. J( W6 w, f/ ?( u* U& j) x1 g' x 54. Turning one’s back# C9 N5 A+ l6 ]0 K6 P9 J" |
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2 I+ b2 x h& G9 o$ f d- y& ^
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ e* G ?0 T$ h( \
) s$ D6 E" v- ^3 h6 k: H
! ]7 f; F0 H$ k2 J& N
+ a& k8 c" h- ~9 R! V1 i) ZOstracism of Persons5 v$ ?: s7 V/ y
55. Social boycott
+ Q5 F, i8 S: R( r; F4 w 56. Selective social boycott& r# G" g. c2 ?5 v
57. Lysistratic nonaction
- w$ \5 x! ?) T9 \! U7 ?) [ 58. Excommunication
" f/ m" i# _1 _: _9 W5 ? 59. Interdict
* q) s# c/ H7 B2 t
# J2 b' i8 l% ?; {; p+ f* _& b( CNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; F6 g# [. T" } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities# T! r& m' W( Q& Y! r+ f
61. Boycott of social affairs
# J- d; o* |5 l* r* A0 h 62. Student strike
" N7 M. T* ?; b0 d% \ 63. Social disobedience( h, I( v& A7 _( u+ d% [: d* T
64. Withdrawal from social institutions( V7 R' h$ t% C0 p2 _/ t& x$ b. [, p) [
# O% j% c% s% F* J ]; Z. k
Withdrawal from the Social System& \5 L* [$ K6 {" P. I2 h; l9 ?
65. Stay-at-home
6 Z& K( F2 M% g, |4 Z; _/ H 66. Total personal noncooperation
: @$ Q& ?8 ]; {0 R! m B 67. “Flight” of workers. u! I, {! u' q- @
68. Sanctuary
K9 I/ `5 R6 @# a$ o 69. Collective disappearance
9 Z; w6 {* M P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% s1 K N8 v2 l7 c
2 i7 W/ H: b. t! U7 v, ?# E
, J5 Z2 \! y. q* ]
' G. ]7 k8 J9 v8 M% B/ `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS) e# Q# @# r) {$ f
1 {" c5 S3 u5 b3 m# w
: j ?( k( a8 GActions by Consumers5 V$ [5 m- ^! {0 r* y& r8 o
71. Consumers’ boycott
" {0 \5 r( Y0 Y: s* e" @ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 \# `6 B8 ~' l; h7 i! [& T. T1 r9 z 73. Policy of austerity
! ]# M4 q/ R3 T0 g1 T 74. Rent withholding0 }, S" U6 r# v( z) e3 a; A
75. Refusal to rent9 s/ k s" _5 P! i( i, d6 S; j
76. National consumers’ boycott
- _) J% ~1 q3 V4 c6 c$ f! P 77. International consumers’ boycott
, I0 m; H6 h( q4 b6 }9 w6 o1 U* S1 m
Action by Workers and Producers& b& i1 h% l# o& j+ K$ D5 \
78. Workmen’s boycott4 v- @! C7 S, l) P
79. Producers’ boycott
6 a9 k. m0 s$ x! S- H7 }& T- z, B' G; a: f# J7 |% p" F1 k9 ~
Action by Middlemen. ^. @( r+ E! Y0 M* |; u
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# {' K3 e2 C) v3 s" T$ ]" j
! ^9 M1 `+ x3 H2 n
Action by Owners and Management$ D9 x7 {9 D. a8 n6 m
81. Traders’ boycott0 e# c7 }5 z3 \$ A6 @0 G' K: K
82. Refusal to let or sell property# k/ c. R4 \5 [& c( y1 f/ Q
83. Lockout
4 m! u9 Q. i) ^8 x( ^8 ` 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 p1 ] Q) H' B' F 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
8 g; |( k$ R2 e" W( t
. w/ N `% i* w+ cAction by Holders of Financial Resources
. t6 A; b+ v* a! L 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; ]! \% G) i3 N: X8 R9 V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 ^0 k: o) j% k% f 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 l+ N- ]' B8 }, ?' E# i
89. Severance of funds and credit0 G) T5 w7 p+ X. j6 a+ B
90. Revenue refusal
- H- W. ?$ m9 U. Q. w) C: F 91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 C- U/ o+ m) M# h
( y; {8 F" t+ k+ `9 f, FAction by Governments8 j5 J$ c: }& @3 ~. Y. Z- |& ~# q
92. Domestic embargo" ]6 I. o$ N' f
93. Blacklisting of traders
6 t! k* ~3 q+ p5 O( p 94. International sellers’ embargo
6 Q' f' l L5 y) \" X! z 95. International buyers’ embargo' E3 W' Q# x M) g8 S5 s; V
96. International trade embargo1 j9 b8 Z! \8 i2 ?( u( G6 I3 b
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$ x9 }0 H1 j' Z. i- d" ?4 z) y: v* e
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
3 ~. _. j- V/ I3 Q& [* c: w) U! }8 x; r: g
7 p. F5 _1 J0 y' t1 fSymbolic Strikes8 r% N! c) j A; D: U
97. Protest strike
( w$ E( w4 Y+ U8 ]% U, B 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 n. T/ s8 L5 s5 c: U1 [7 W
4 F- J4 s- m0 l% U+ N% iAgricultural Strikes+ p: H1 _0 e6 {
99. Peasant strike, L& l+ _* m" z
100. Farm Workers’ strike! k* |* G2 ~+ ~
/ ^3 d2 ]* ^2 r; k# {% k% f& wStrikes by Special Groups3 c2 w0 o9 B* D5 L6 a
101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 g, I8 Q8 e5 c; p 102. Prisoners’ strike
' O6 E& K1 F$ _ 103. Craft strike
$ I% H- j" O! [7 N7 s" w+ N5 _ 104. Professional strike" z; _0 R: C" |1 N3 O4 k+ s
: Q" r+ n) v* a/ S! T: r1 ~+ o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 y' u% w8 Z" _2 |, |. B" s+ m2 t1 o L
105. Establishment strike( Z, G+ Y8 m, b4 u$ O7 |" F
106. Industry strike" Z) E2 f+ p/ h- C+ A- T5 ~
107. Sympathetic strike
# w* G& p1 e- c$ E; t8 C
* T# ^; ?8 [$ `Restricted Strikes
& Z N+ T4 d2 B$ F6 z) }) }% } 108. Detailed strike r- c/ ]8 f- D) ^) X$ x; H2 x5 L
109. Bumper strike: Z; |( }- m8 _2 A7 B& r% f4 b
110. Slowdown strike
" k A! }, K' c 111. Working-to-rule strike- p4 g, o+ H$ J
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% d- p: ~3 N3 K
113. Strike by resignation
& s" ]/ ^% n" X1 q 114. Limited strike
6 w+ e1 c" _7 S4 d3 Z' I 115. Selective strike
]' f/ J5 s* j3 E4 D) ?. F" \& U# t z3 o+ i' w! h
Multi-Industry Strikes
' a" Q6 }- [% _$ v
5 n# _7 _, f# X1 n4 `5 T 116. Generalized strike
7 v# i, F! A& e9 |# h$ A3 |6 L! L0 Z K5 ^
117. General strike
3 R, }5 ^" |8 O5 u# [8 m( r H7 N/ [6 Q& u) h6 E
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures+ O. H$ K5 |# ~5 n% @
! |$ D i" N5 B) w& R1 u4 J
118. Hartal/ d- c; w4 j6 T+ g( b
% a% J' A2 R1 w0 E5 v y- m
119. Economic shutdown1 f: E. ?7 b) V7 i' J
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1 ]1 x, @3 P9 T( W# dTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! |& ~( T8 }; c, W! t5 { F; Z
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; U8 I1 H$ A3 |+ z/ PRejection of Authority
( l3 ], g0 N5 R- z$ g2 g 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance4 Z7 s0 ]5 e# y0 w2 I5 F' y
121. Refusal of public support# a ^7 ^+ m# O: C1 {& _9 d2 I4 T
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
3 r* ~+ J8 B/ o* J% F+ v7 }, w; v- h& T
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government# c% Z4 U' Q7 h* e6 \
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
. j9 |, D$ x9 _' J9 W: q/ E 124. Boycott of elections: u& Y' Q4 l8 @9 A, E! t; q: t
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! B G, q" M; [- ` M: @ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* t( y8 D4 ~0 I
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 ~! I# {: o) M; S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
0 G, k$ \, S# y& U# p 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" N7 I4 a+ _9 M 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# s2 @2 v" S5 t% F2 `% z' e
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( ], |+ T% K! A) Y J* u 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ L7 o, {0 d! i: M+ j/ z
" z- S' d, [$ Q0 E }" @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience" z8 l# L% g! S( a
133. Reluctant and slow compliance- j8 }6 t7 D( k
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision6 I4 F4 L4 C/ }& S- w- t
135. Popular nonobedience
* D2 \0 J8 q) u$ S9 K7 W% q+ D 136. Disguised disobedience. W" y- k& C0 n
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: e6 k5 v. m6 `5 ~( o* f% o 138. Sitdown3 }7 v$ i+ S, p
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# t; E+ e* d: |- d# J; ~
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, B. O7 e0 @4 _( c$ R 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! ~- f) W7 ]+ a; e! X. n8 O
' m6 P! u8 _ {) S: {! uAction by Government Personnel
, g; {) q( ]6 y0 I3 v9 G: { 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 G+ l3 j* r" X. X$ D8 v 143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 F& j* c: Z2 V) N
144. Stalling and obstruction0 z: z! I0 L# `8 P. |* r( z5 I
145. General administrative noncooperation
2 N: j) j4 H( `+ ]/ ~/ R& u( W/ d7 p2 v& A E0 L& ?
146. Judicial noncooperation
3 `. Y8 b9 S4 v- q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( z; v# k) A1 M X
148. Mutiny
( W% \( n. S+ F4 L# n2 Q* Q4 D& uDomestic Governmental Action6 q0 v) q$ V" v
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ n9 X% G( t% o) u
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ l% J! ?' D, T4 ]# J) M$ C# P7 Z( j6 t+ I- S# r2 B1 I
International Governmental Action
5 Q- Q9 m/ I0 k4 E0 x5 ~- A0 k/ e' ] 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
7 u9 i+ E& @8 s' ^- h! d5 Y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ Z3 I/ G5 ?9 f. k
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 l9 m' O9 T: F" r+ J
154. Severance of diplomatic relations# g; \9 u5 q7 `6 a' ]
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ L1 Z8 r5 m Y, V! h; E 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
w0 P" q3 ~8 n9 B0 v- | 157. Expulsion from international organizations& Y. e# z* M' n E! q# g2 m
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( Q. P( U1 H. H x' }& D
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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: X0 N5 @1 ?0 k a2 h. y* UPsychological Intervention
3 ^4 w$ J) I5 L: U$ w4 z 158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ b' B& I. f6 ^& y0 W) ?' [, @# F 159. The fast7 N* ?' ] q# ` z; c; R
a) Fast of moral pressure8 R* g+ R1 t4 S T& r1 u
b) Hunger strike& j6 y# [. ?: [
c) Satyagrahic fast N3 D6 j7 a; H4 f: h
160. Reverse trial( Q( m: X% a& E' t1 U8 E
161. Nonviolent harassment; s) t* R4 E) C
5 ^: L0 Q8 ^( k/ j7 yPhysical Intervention
. f6 h/ p6 n" q8 {+ C+ m 162. Sit-in
& w$ h) n# d. i' j# H- U$ O 163. Stand-in
% G9 _7 h, {4 u" n( r) l 164. Ride-in9 c- a" ~3 g# h6 O
165. Wade-in( Y' P5 w- U+ o" |7 {5 |- P
166. Mill-in o: f# C u, r% W. n
167. Pray-in
1 Y" H7 ?7 x. m 168. Nonviolent raids8 j7 P# f; {) I( u: p" b E! a
169. Nonviolent air raids
: \. R' ], q; ^2 F 170. Nonviolent invasion' J8 g! F' t2 C5 Q8 @: G6 u
171. Nonviolent interjection
" b6 G5 u8 i- W" o 172. Nonviolent obstruction' m4 Z# L& T' {6 `4 Q
173. Nonviolent occupation4 S% ]# m* @+ p7 v
2 V; `, t% \8 {( l) [; j1 E
Social Intervention- k3 I) a5 X5 j/ k8 z1 v5 s
174. Establishing new social patterns( u# W) e, u; s! [$ p! f# j
175. Overloading of facilities
$ X# b+ A; y- _+ R7 Q) k* V9 ] 176. Stall-in1 s. R9 {& U) ^. N
177. Speak-in
3 |' I* L+ m; ?& e2 d0 C: q5 ~9 ^- x 178. Guerrilla theater. V8 n5 {" o/ a- N B! Y
179. Alternative social institutions; a! [: v2 Z7 l+ U3 @& M' T7 D" z
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention- u( Q4 j( w* J+ J7 X( K- V% T' m
181. Reverse strike
e/ G2 O7 d( L$ E% e 182. Stay-in strike
! {3 u% f3 |8 l0 ]- C# K 183. Nonviolent land seizure0 r# L9 ?9 P9 w; v
184. Defiance of blockades
' O% ~6 W5 ^; { 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; x) B) U! k; H7 g; O4 e 186. Preclusive purchasing" R- `. |, |. A! t6 n0 k
187. Seizure of assets7 p7 L; v4 `: k3 G* w) Z- t
188. Dumping
1 i4 e* l }' ^9 ? 189. Selective patronage
" R ~. {/ x* \5 O" S d 190. Alternative markets. b1 n6 {; O1 }( m2 d" G* e
191. Alternative transportation systems! C& ]+ r: P7 m& `) Z( Y/ `
192. Alternative economic institutions( D2 c2 S+ ]$ t2 L) b
) a3 o, s5 v+ d1 N
Political Intervention% c' c( ]8 B! `: |8 f! n
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 s2 o1 x9 @2 e/ Y- t' l* z
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 V. }: K% y% B, ^5 g5 `
195. Seeking imprisonment. S l- \8 w$ i- V2 W
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
6 L# k% C! P5 t 197. Work-on without collaboration& ?! i7 d' N6 Z3 T0 k2 z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% l$ a: U, |6 f6 R7 o8 F
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
