 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
1 V8 P- m P6 O& zFormal Statements
. d. z# I G3 i$ r) p! y 1. Public Speeches, K4 o) A# {) D. m7 ], y5 q7 F
2. Letters of opposition or support8 l; w s/ Z4 K0 c5 ? t
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, ?" F. g( M. U4 U# T& G# Z
4. Signed public statements& C9 z( n* }) i; s% i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 V- j. n! }) d 6. Group or mass petitions0 t X& y& k( ?
6 B3 M$ c; S B
Communications with a Wider Audience9 c+ e. F& H. ~# q1 T+ L
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 ?% q# Y4 S+ c2 L$ J$ F: H 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 I8 i4 V2 R5 S% s! d1 p1 M 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 z% W2 }. Z8 l1 P+ L) r
10. Newspapers and journals3 t$ Y6 d- E, T2 v' C
11. Records, radio, and television- w# |6 M6 e2 G, i% r
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
A: }" L# Z( h8 E! E9 y( F4 }! n Y- ~1 w" y
Group Representations( R: v3 U& B9 C* _: r
13. Deputations( F U. K) ?7 Q7 w/ N3 S
14. Mock awards$ b1 _/ U+ n* M! i# v
15. Group lobbying
X% `6 V" [# t _ 16. Picketing/ _$ q$ {9 o" `" D3 `, E: y* m( _" R; U) ?
17. Mock elections
U% }6 |7 J2 A: v& ~# a& ^/ i5 B1 i u5 _# K: @
Symbolic Public Acts( \9 Z8 O) m, T1 k( Z# i
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# Q+ \1 F+ c# |
19. Wearing of symbols8 y( g6 C) r5 i9 A [
20. Prayer and worship
; Q, f/ n5 t- j7 f+ t4 r 21. Delivering symbolic objects( j: V) A$ j0 _! v( [& F
22. Protest disrobings
/ w$ U6 d" l; z% G r 23. Destruction of own property Q/ \2 K' B8 M- G9 l
24. Symbolic lights
7 l9 i6 n4 k5 }$ R% X2 F 25. Displays of portraits9 g% u( j* k: F) j! M& ]" R- }
26. Paint as protest
5 T) T4 d2 q* d6 Y7 h( E- U 27. New signs and names
! p6 {- ]* l0 M+ C( t3 n( u1 M) S; z; a 28. Symbolic sounds
) A+ B+ n6 C5 d! ~2 l7 X4 q# l 29. Symbolic reclamations0 x; h& N; B3 X$ o
30. Rude gestures
( I: T+ R" L1 z d, g o8 ?8 q& e% w- r
Pressures on Individuals
4 K r6 }9 ^: t3 h4 x- j 31. “Haunting” officials9 g! E% j9 W9 j2 U$ L* d$ a
32. Taunting officials
( z) K) o3 ]7 Y# S2 r 33. Fraternization! J9 x3 I$ S* M+ Y$ U$ F
34. Vigils
( I! j! j: `/ ]3 B
- K% s. G8 ^' A: ]* Y2 k, aDrama and Music X! S( h; V S5 Q, g
35. Humorous skits and pranks u! y6 i8 l* L8 m
36. Performances of plays and music* G8 w/ E0 }/ G( G
37. Singing4 }; a1 p' Y8 o8 h3 T; R& d( H" T8 L
! y% o0 J" a' J/ j9 Q3 x! L
Processions
# W. \8 ?* e. I' I# \- P+ A+ v 38. Marches
; |6 J) v2 D4 I 39. Parades7 y1 P5 U5 _) M' j
40. Religious processions3 P0 B/ O9 h! E1 m9 E1 R
41. Pilgrimages+ n- P4 V+ n% t% @- X
42. Motorcades: x7 J+ o4 O2 ]
5 L6 ?+ z" l- mHonoring the Dead
e: i* K' S/ Z3 q9 z 43. Political mourning
6 j ~$ ?% l- _) ] 44. Mock funerals$ d; z4 o7 w5 T. N+ @& k3 n
45. Demonstrative funerals5 ]; ^2 W0 I+ \/ V* Y* [9 M
46. Homage at burial places, ?3 W0 o) _- C7 u+ g. [7 o
/ e( o, n# X. g, D) ePublic Assemblies
1 B7 K3 J5 A; r# J6 L6 N 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ x) o0 A: P/ X* Z& i: O- Q) Q
48. Protest meetings
( S/ R: O# |! l% P, P& h2 R( p* p 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; \8 Y% B6 Z2 ^" R 50. Teach-ins0 D7 k5 r2 Q! e: ?2 m( x7 V
- Z/ m7 M! e& g- xWithdrawal and Renunciation
4 g: ^ q# V) r6 M 51. Walk-outs M) j! u6 c8 m' F
52. Silence! c& J' [5 X5 B
53. Renouncing honors6 o( H& P$ y) x$ r+ h, Z
54. Turning one’s back+ {7 q$ K. g9 s1 h
! n$ Y1 z. r' h
1 `! p+ C f5 m9 \5 o- ^
$ y( T7 i% U0 y6 T8 tTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 u* D! s3 S; z
- L) e2 a. Z% d' [Ostracism of Persons
& |' [& w. t6 D( {& u 55. Social boycott0 m6 O" r0 S$ T5 Z1 |2 d, F
56. Selective social boycott
+ [- n# _& Q) w N/ N' r 57. Lysistratic nonaction+ b+ C8 {1 T1 J- ^) ]3 J
58. Excommunication* m4 H/ q- W% [0 _
59. Interdict4 ]2 D4 x. f8 V+ V$ |
: `0 J; J3 {$ U# L) g" w, Q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 S9 z, K* Q8 p 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' t5 Z: w9 N7 @( c; `% X
61. Boycott of social affairs
1 \. N% s: g1 L6 ^# y1 ~# q- ^ 62. Student strike8 H/ q0 I) E, ^. T
63. Social disobedience
]2 ]5 b) W' y5 X 64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 J7 v+ h6 D, _
: \3 e% l# \0 I( `) J; U$ ^Withdrawal from the Social System+ B* a. t. @5 I1 {+ j2 }& ?; }9 [
65. Stay-at-home4 l+ r- ~2 h/ |# M
66. Total personal noncooperation
, y$ `5 ~! Z+ d& L- A 67. “Flight” of workers
/ w: c. f! @+ }/ b& p 68. Sanctuary
" g3 w* ?0 i1 u 69. Collective disappearance
% g# J& A5 D1 }2 ^% r 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% t$ N0 q6 a2 }, h% z6 Z: V
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; L7 o) D) ~: Q VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 z* j6 R9 \) `% T, V
7 x7 _2 u4 |5 d
! D u3 z% U g' n4 LActions by Consumers5 U* ?# w1 y3 j9 o# w* _
71. Consumers’ boycott
, J! B9 T% @3 S) C$ S: w9 [ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; f1 g* d9 S/ T; z3 n9 _
73. Policy of austerity
% T5 z$ ]+ `) @: G. \. e 74. Rent withholding1 r# u$ g6 F4 ^& b7 Z, ?
75. Refusal to rent, R: j9 e. \2 @& n
76. National consumers’ boycott
6 V \6 t }/ ?" u) Y 77. International consumers’ boycott
6 O0 P1 C P' [4 j7 }% c7 e B2 Z) B* ^' E/ D2 Z
Action by Workers and Producers9 q. G5 \. e* Y6 w
78. Workmen’s boycott: H* T3 z& n5 m! m2 Y- |9 K
79. Producers’ boycott
4 B/ ` E, x5 K* a
* e2 T1 N# m9 w$ ^" Z1 D/ ?! }Action by Middlemen# e: R. X: @; G. J
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
) [* A. I0 B& w/ Z2 {7 |
q5 P7 X* f# d- b- PAction by Owners and Management9 p4 B( }. P0 Y' a1 A' ^
81. Traders’ boycott r0 ?1 k4 `( O; m
82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 l' v, E6 c3 Z 83. Lockout
6 p) @1 n6 Q: |! d6 u 84. Refusal of industrial assistance* i" F$ ~& i& f$ |# q/ `2 d9 }4 x
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 Z! [+ \6 E9 @
7 T' L6 V j4 R( V# D/ d) c3 rAction by Holders of Financial Resources6 y6 i) m% d/ Q1 c
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits6 C0 N2 M3 S9 b w; x- ]+ d
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% G7 p# f3 A2 O( u c8 h
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 u. u! Q1 i \ Z7 ?3 j- g
89. Severance of funds and credit7 P0 }9 S2 l; }0 r( `% F
90. Revenue refusal9 N6 a* F K- q$ Y R
91. Refusal of a government’s money
' i1 R/ Z! H/ h4 ^( T' E
- I0 v; J g5 R6 e v9 rAction by Governments
$ b/ f) R) H: H9 G8 L! x 92. Domestic embargo: I. K1 N- C$ A! D
93. Blacklisting of traders2 n7 F& w/ Z$ j F
94. International sellers’ embargo
7 G2 r/ g8 \9 h 95. International buyers’ embargo
, c/ _$ P8 k: {, [4 A4 g 96. International trade embargo
7 } E* e5 l# o) P c
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" r+ m7 Z% ? N/ v3 uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
* ^7 G* c+ i) ]/ c
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Symbolic Strikes: p. y0 a$ E9 A6 q: Y
97. Protest strike9 V9 L! Q3 i4 _# N3 h3 M
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)+ i$ S2 @6 @. a/ R5 M$ x
8 |4 s/ U9 ~) ^Agricultural Strikes
# _. |' J; {% _: a 99. Peasant strike
" E$ ^7 T6 u/ q% U- ? 100. Farm Workers’ strike; M7 F, x& k. N7 k
4 T/ m# k9 r- TStrikes by Special Groups
" Z- n2 v/ O5 o5 J- T3 H: I$ a- [. d 101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ G0 _2 D" a9 ~( V, n3 y- I' Q 102. Prisoners’ strike
3 z% Z x! A3 ^ 103. Craft strike
& q. Z. ]/ Z5 i8 q) {5 B 104. Professional strike
) a% H* n$ k, Y! X6 u, s
' |5 a3 ^, D6 U5 {& yOrdinary Industrial Strikes+ v4 m* f+ R; i2 G. X! B- }" X3 s
105. Establishment strike. B* r' z* Q H
106. Industry strike
' t/ m8 n1 d+ t! Z. z3 u 107. Sympathetic strike |6 ]. z, ~3 G. N
; ]- i1 z8 F7 ^* j5 sRestricted Strikes
. q8 j, b+ d5 u) M/ h) i 108. Detailed strike
- j6 N" b$ T# v; f: a 109. Bumper strike: g, T$ K3 \) x
110. Slowdown strike
/ ?- ?. p, X/ q2 N 111. Working-to-rule strike5 i) R" @# h5 t; ]1 G# w# q, L+ X
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" O4 R6 i" e0 P- ^# n 113. Strike by resignation
; r( M- X( s' _$ L$ N 114. Limited strike) m3 x2 G: f' ~ N
115. Selective strike
3 r' g# G. E( B: i. n/ P. ~; E; \* ?3 j
Multi-Industry Strikes2 ?1 V% \& h- p6 U& E/ Y5 Y( A
# L1 w7 k- x1 d
116. Generalized strike% O& j$ W d+ s
9 W5 N0 E/ J( w+ c5 F 117. General strike; b) f- {/ H4 a2 Z9 B+ o
$ J2 y, w3 @' j! O4 @8 w. i1 h
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures I) U+ P4 `$ P! Q7 i
2 I- M3 Z; p l1 u" [1 T6 _" @/ W 118. Hartal( _; e# O: d. G- {- j- Q& M% X0 O
$ Z0 w" L, @7 F 119. Economic shutdown
0 x5 u/ u+ J8 _& V4 n* @$ z2 q& J' b) u% z( S( N" K6 C. A: c6 x
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; Y6 z4 z& w% \* q6 I+ WTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority5 Z% _7 i6 w9 J; o, M) A1 a
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 m) c3 h" G5 N0 t) e' O9 ~ 121. Refusal of public support! b0 }: P) ^) P! s" g
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 s+ g- l u! ?! S
( g- U; |; H1 n( \Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- |7 `5 y% K+ \3 a; O0 a: ~6 @ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
8 G2 I: l Z' D w- q6 f 124. Boycott of elections! Q; L/ U w4 R# e' P
125. Boycott of government employment and positions' S3 e- U6 O1 s6 U* o
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* A- A Y6 V x3 s+ H8 i* H 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 G# T5 Q: v6 F% X$ j b* P2 m 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 p+ k, e& k5 o3 l 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 B$ @& K, L0 s0 x
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
G& q: j# f5 R, `0 x9 h# \+ n 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
l- [7 j% C, }) l. [5 z$ k 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 y, p0 N% g* r, V% E: b/ p1 L6 E; z; u- W( k
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 `1 K) y. K [. r8 |. |. f& u% ?7 n
133. Reluctant and slow compliance) d/ {" [, I; O& l% o
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# Q5 f8 F: u; r4 s& ^1 x9 z& o$ _
135. Popular nonobedience4 ~6 |% d% W2 a y+ j/ h2 {6 E: z
136. Disguised disobedience
+ u$ k* f0 L8 f& Y! T3 _ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! a9 `4 x7 _! { 138. Sitdown% G/ x9 _. h' I: D+ _7 ^4 m
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ _0 q6 T! r: E ^+ k# L2 C+ a' T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 c9 }/ N. o* h( k5 F
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ T9 \. C! _0 n
9 W! P1 Y+ Y: c2 c' ], _* y
Action by Government Personnel
% z, ~6 z- }! C* n 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
2 ~: N0 v# q8 q! a8 I. ~8 m 143. Blocking of lines of command and information: q( Q; b. p& B# k$ \ h/ w! @" [( Z
144. Stalling and obstruction* g+ R) Z1 J( T& u6 e/ P
145. General administrative noncooperation
8 |% {: |, c! }: }, s
3 y7 J' `6 J/ Z! x. p& [- u 146. Judicial noncooperation
, m" R, }" H2 F5 m 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 X2 M6 ?, ~8 P- Q5 U2 u
148. Mutiny
T& X7 Y( X3 |7 g) ?. eDomestic Governmental Action
3 L0 W q7 o: O1 J" T# B0 h) Y 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# s _( {( a6 z' x0 }: x
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: O P) e. u, d2 U* `& v' j& d& t
, v; R" A/ [ IInternational Governmental Action8 U. B: \- R& j# E5 p
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& i2 J( q" Q! u$ k6 N9 a 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 `1 R9 k, {! h6 F1 X \9 f 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 z$ G# \. S* m% y 154. Severance of diplomatic relations, F" x$ I2 L4 g8 z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations# P+ d1 C$ }) C
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 \0 a: ?4 R7 u! ]5 e
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ ^6 S% k- O1 t1 C
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Psychological Intervention
1 W* c1 ]% `& K* E 158. Self-exposure to the elements
; g; Q, j$ [* c- z 159. The fast" |) G. N3 m( @ U
a) Fast of moral pressure, A: S/ }9 P' L. ~
b) Hunger strike, S7 [0 M! x. H- S1 b2 |
c) Satyagrahic fast5 G5 c2 W: a$ r" X; a! v
160. Reverse trial' e5 R) B- s7 {1 I
161. Nonviolent harassment
8 B" c' r! ^7 N7 T9 G
9 f$ {8 C+ B$ |9 ^Physical Intervention
7 w: l: a: m8 c+ A6 C4 M5 M" f' x 162. Sit-in3 D) b+ X& e7 k {: E. ^9 c
163. Stand-in h9 d0 X# g2 W3 q
164. Ride-in
- w1 Q6 x8 m0 j 165. Wade-in' N8 f% i8 V' _/ g/ |, V2 G% k; V, j
166. Mill-in
8 m* T$ Y+ {( G" X* X 167. Pray-in
2 R+ m& B! J# ` 168. Nonviolent raids/ i/ D% X! R/ ^& i7 `/ p+ L
169. Nonviolent air raids
; C6 R4 F/ L) K- r/ B: N, H 170. Nonviolent invasion
! `' U' W* d: E0 S6 r3 j 171. Nonviolent interjection: i- A1 }& ~+ I" a
172. Nonviolent obstruction6 s- L7 X7 x& ?
173. Nonviolent occupation
5 }: Z$ {8 ]" x7 G6 N* C4 T" Y2 ]7 E( l. w# v
Social Intervention
+ n! ?0 a& z0 `! E+ r+ x 174. Establishing new social patterns& e) s/ W$ y4 ~/ F
175. Overloading of facilities2 ^ d9 Q# V. n: }& G2 E* Y3 _% d
176. Stall-in! A& p2 q& U$ B# \& s z/ U& T7 {
177. Speak-in j( U4 U5 {1 B5 G
178. Guerrilla theater
6 w+ Y& D& ]- r, R, z 179. Alternative social institutions
5 |1 g, m+ b& P* b' Q$ p' D/ { 180. Alternative communication system
q8 k- f9 D+ r
' } e( e6 I4 X2 y( o K0 Y! oEconomic Intervention
; J" [$ K5 o5 E 181. Reverse strike
$ q$ y% N( U* l' l! [" A G: X 182. Stay-in strike; b3 `; R ?) g9 z' U6 h; x# B
183. Nonviolent land seizure
. ~- N5 O8 y. Y+ I7 }6 o! s 184. Defiance of blockades
- c6 d/ o( e v7 X( z& [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting [' s) O/ w* a$ [: g& s, Q$ o% k
186. Preclusive purchasing% O& R% Z8 h2 {+ N
187. Seizure of assets
" M0 `3 u+ D1 t0 E 188. Dumping
2 B u& J% L: }/ u 189. Selective patronage: _9 G! D; y6 ~* Q
190. Alternative markets( q X8 I5 E; _. s
191. Alternative transportation systems" w6 s3 [8 Y! k
192. Alternative economic institutions
/ S! B8 S7 x# U# f7 B ?7 r0 Z3 J5 k A9 M, E1 A. Q/ T
Political Intervention
; x' i+ }2 h, U( {$ T; v3 ` n 193. Overloading of administrative systems% B8 L0 o3 E! {5 o( ^& j3 B
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 X: R; J; w" J* {3 S 195. Seeking imprisonment
% K7 d/ L2 z8 @1 a C3 M/ Y, S" {( N5 F 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 ]- L$ H* Y" T9 ^0 q+ \1 | 197. Work-on without collaboration: k! C9 f' s; N" |
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
