 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; C# i+ |. t# RFormal Statements5 u1 s# d1 ]* @# Y2 C5 b! ^
1. Public Speeches
( u' G! f8 o8 |8 Q$ {" I' v" f4 x 2. Letters of opposition or support
8 `/ V2 u! m+ l; z2 `( { 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ }7 e" F6 k8 ]# I
4. Signed public statements
3 Y& A, H4 m0 _ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 B1 R, D( N5 ?- n( h! K
6. Group or mass petitions( f. t, C9 m5 i2 t9 c* t6 q* ~* c! r
# L, w- R4 |) n/ H- W; _
Communications with a Wider Audience* p! q! x I$ L4 N
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
( m: I' A' n7 O! i2 x/ Y 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' n5 s& U) j9 z9 h! a 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 O6 m, P3 k Q 10. Newspapers and journals
' k/ [$ ^# w1 b$ T# P1 P; L% Z 11. Records, radio, and television: p% v: W* {% g' J: t5 M7 l
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
) } w* v0 z+ v- A) {- a: k2 |. Q" E3 D$ p m" d
Group Representations
( k+ } Y- g3 }/ L1 ^$ O! C 13. Deputations
w- Q( O% F. s& }9 R/ e5 _( |% F E+ ? 14. Mock awards
+ h: C1 _: J) m0 g: o; e8 c 15. Group lobbying
1 h; d7 H5 u) p 16. Picketing0 Y! S/ O/ {/ D- ]: r+ ]' S
17. Mock elections( E3 a0 |7 a+ g9 V" |0 S i
) ]! P6 a& l: r* Y2 G" H* TSymbolic Public Acts
0 f8 e& ?5 [9 b4 B! S2 H 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% ~/ E) t; A3 ?8 _ 19. Wearing of symbols8 n% v- V6 f0 M4 ~* A) W4 t
20. Prayer and worship7 U/ e: u3 G' I$ y0 C- ]: P
21. Delivering symbolic objects( w. u! J/ d- [. x6 n+ T0 J
22. Protest disrobings% i" j# a' a2 t* ]7 K' _( q P
23. Destruction of own property" b7 l1 r2 f* c. i9 ^7 s# w7 I' p
24. Symbolic lights
' y# ~* Z6 h2 s9 b/ H 25. Displays of portraits
3 f; [. O \* w$ z: J$ } 26. Paint as protest$ @* v: ^- E" i# I
27. New signs and names7 q; \% ~) D( {, J# U9 P
28. Symbolic sounds
. b5 ]" I2 W N$ ~! C 29. Symbolic reclamations1 x1 C9 E& f( O* A7 ~6 u k
30. Rude gestures
) J8 v4 a9 Q4 v' b8 E8 E6 p; n. c4 y! X$ Y) ~. ?+ C
Pressures on Individuals1 A* U; W8 l/ x0 A* T8 U; @% m, `
31. “Haunting” officials
: Z: m& X5 D& W y2 I 32. Taunting officials
" Q* S6 _4 g! U# u$ ]. ~ 33. Fraternization
0 N( O! B3 N& T4 t5 \, q 34. Vigils
& R; w* F2 b, Y P# ^* w" H+ U
: o4 l7 I- u* s3 YDrama and Music( ]( ?7 t" J# C% J. a4 |
35. Humorous skits and pranks! d# C( |( d2 S5 u" S* i& F
36. Performances of plays and music
5 g$ U' \5 ?# y; {0 Z 37. Singing
5 c# y& m, y2 s0 ?5 V) f* e& _$ ]" f
9 @: I4 N8 t/ I8 s0 w( L5 p/ _Processions( C3 d: ~- Q! B& U0 ]
38. Marches; `. O7 A {: p* w+ Y; ^% I' N
39. Parades
. m2 R3 j \$ R0 t* v: e1 k! | 40. Religious processions7 g. B1 D% {: L& a# L3 h4 ]
41. Pilgrimages
8 f/ p/ y* S) n" G' z 42. Motorcades
7 m/ U# E& G U# h" r) P0 P# q0 n4 _; [* R
Honoring the Dead# v9 i9 H' l! r% L
43. Political mourning
9 O; @" x: |+ b. y7 s( A% j9 q6 B 44. Mock funerals$ _' P, N* r! ?* T) u6 U
45. Demonstrative funerals
; R( u! T# l5 W: F5 D: f+ b 46. Homage at burial places
9 I+ v3 F, O% e
. p# H6 D Q3 g8 Q. F6 w% P( ^Public Assemblies
, x) H. T6 W* m1 U+ F 47. Assemblies of protest or support* Z% `" R* C& E( ?$ f ] i$ z
48. Protest meetings
$ M r5 v+ R# m' F/ A0 L" k 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# U7 k: j I0 e- \
50. Teach-ins
, _2 k" D" f& y* G6 j
! L B( F$ q% \& A. AWithdrawal and Renunciation
( n2 ^" _7 n! L5 a, b; I7 e |! { 51. Walk-outs
* B2 D3 f7 _2 A# I- Z% _$ J/ N 52. Silence# e$ n" m5 r8 o7 z
53. Renouncing honors7 X9 c% r% b# @4 O
54. Turning one’s back
3 p0 W" G# \! a3 ~% B
! o5 s& o- s# m1 i1 `- F/ r* a: t $ ~1 P9 S9 z, H4 }, e
1 K: c* C! Q( e
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
+ l6 t$ p K2 f; n6 W1 x' X9 I. b7 S2 |5 E6 a% S4 F
4 m1 e' f- y7 M4 \5 ~" W2 `( a
5 n X6 y3 h! w5 X( QOstracism of Persons
% i6 m$ c I. L" p 55. Social boycott
2 b2 e: q" U' h4 k$ W+ [4 s 56. Selective social boycott
, F+ O% |; B; g1 U* I: d 57. Lysistratic nonaction
- [" o* E% B- ~( H9 M 58. Excommunication
. P; o7 ?1 ?: }) l C 59. Interdict+ S e5 q" m( X8 s% N
1 t5 |6 q( l2 M- GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 L; Q$ O3 E2 {+ M- K
60. Suspension of social and sports activities, f. g; X3 p+ ^* N+ ]
61. Boycott of social affairs+ I# l f( N: N% J
62. Student strike
) |* j; S/ |' n0 O [6 _# j 63. Social disobedience9 Q, H H0 ]% {3 c* L `3 @" @
64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 e' x3 \/ x3 ^/ U( D
: d& q9 O1 Q) v, H/ X3 `Withdrawal from the Social System
1 Z$ t& T* B# f! y) ~; m# @ 65. Stay-at-home- r" A) K3 |( M- H- H+ K
66. Total personal noncooperation
" ^- m9 s" y# d) V8 | 67. “Flight” of workers
3 ]/ h- d$ k& r7 I1 w6 i0 a% h 68. Sanctuary' N4 P& [, l7 k4 \
69. Collective disappearance
: q' A+ E7 n: L. v6 x4 y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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7 m f. B2 z- U" j6 J' ?9 u# z
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8 d, p# P# q# u( X$ R( h* sTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
- s3 V* W" j& N2 Z5 I$ Q- W( [+ L! g: i% W) P
/ c8 M; ^) C7 h( g5 ]; R. l3 {7 OActions by Consumers
: \7 U+ M/ i, W. e. O: H: z- L: a+ T 71. Consumers’ boycott4 f2 S3 m/ V% y b
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 t' M5 r6 m4 r- @ 73. Policy of austerity; D) _! L o9 D+ [7 v& X5 d7 N
74. Rent withholding9 H( w( Y6 z! l% {7 Q; ~7 {
75. Refusal to rent" d& \' p. U+ a
76. National consumers’ boycott# p- n) C, m4 E3 D8 s! u
77. International consumers’ boycott
$ z% f, C6 M4 Q% F0 N: {) c3 Y+ Y' K0 w* G+ S- s
Action by Workers and Producers1 ^- g. i* \: q# V) e- _5 J
78. Workmen’s boycott
3 K" D4 r3 O& ?5 M 79. Producers’ boycott
7 V0 A! y ]$ K- g( ? {+ W: K
Action by Middlemen- t, H: F* Y9 Z% ^6 p4 H2 j9 B
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( x$ |5 \ e9 A0 @1 {3 C5 s# P. o& W
Action by Owners and Management
b1 k* V$ w1 k" H" i 81. Traders’ boycott3 x, Y& h( o+ K1 ^) R. g* |$ m/ Q
82. Refusal to let or sell property1 V1 e1 }9 N; J6 G+ B4 T# O
83. Lockout' S/ m, O- t6 l7 s$ G
84. Refusal of industrial assistance# @3 `& z T6 T' L6 n
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 M, e% B1 p `' R! E/ @) ~+ M; h. X
% [& L7 l/ J9 a) ^+ h# ^$ X0 eAction by Holders of Financial Resources
$ V8 i# I4 X" h" Z; [( ] 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 A2 L8 w- L& u
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
# n% I! E+ K$ z7 Z6 U6 Z4 E 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 p' a0 K& r; V |$ V) H) J0 o. K
89. Severance of funds and credit
3 o( j( O; ?1 U# f 90. Revenue refusal
9 ~5 h& F3 G% i# t9 C+ \ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 \2 f5 ?: ~' S$ L
& `. |8 Y7 f4 D4 r/ S5 a( bAction by Governments2 E8 o4 m' l( v
92. Domestic embargo
7 R5 {3 _2 I1 \ 93. Blacklisting of traders
/ V8 L7 `& |: I# i% j2 i 94. International sellers’ embargo% e. C, x$ L& @# h& H; x5 I- K3 O" ~, K
95. International buyers’ embargo5 _# r: S) U9 ]7 z, B- ?1 `
96. International trade embargo' B) b1 b7 H6 h
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7 E x) [* V1 h7 x0 e
# t+ i. F* n9 \% J* H% XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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! o. j" y. \; g3 KSymbolic Strikes
6 y- P$ {0 u- L# }* Q7 K 97. Protest strike6 R' s. ?" z. f3 W$ m1 I$ R
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 a- |. R( f1 r+ o1 R& V
0 X, Y. {! M$ a& P& W! ?4 lAgricultural Strikes6 ]7 A+ \# l' r5 }4 A7 \; i
99. Peasant strike
' Q3 Q: P8 }, W 100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 j* k' J `) \$ } [9 F! ~- u1 _+ k# y, `! c& |
Strikes by Special Groups1 k, k8 L) O" ?; q! D3 ]3 S9 }, M
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 n( f* X1 r8 d) s) ]: N C0 ~ 102. Prisoners’ strike
& C. Q/ I+ h/ f0 @' |, V( m 103. Craft strike- V: S5 i( X4 j3 B) _4 X9 l
104. Professional strike( p/ C2 R: `9 g
4 B4 L9 k, C5 V& b) o" fOrdinary Industrial Strikes8 q9 g' T ~% v% l; G& i. S
105. Establishment strike
6 L/ S) g/ z0 f0 ] 106. Industry strike
! }2 S" t O6 O/ \# r* q' z 107. Sympathetic strike( e* |4 U# k6 r7 e' z M
6 t% @) ]& u+ S( LRestricted Strikes
2 h/ w$ j1 ]7 E* d; M; Y 108. Detailed strike; U5 H( Y8 o* G
109. Bumper strike& Y! P: q9 p- m P1 H
110. Slowdown strike
2 F- N9 U. M6 h4 U6 w( X 111. Working-to-rule strike
) ~, g z0 @' A9 r 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 j' o0 s+ J( k+ ? 113. Strike by resignation
$ c! g. B. ^' E, \ [# I4 W 114. Limited strike) s, r' [$ |3 q4 W; @8 {. o
115. Selective strike" h5 G4 t9 {1 [4 h
- _5 ?: b: X8 R, S( C7 g9 }7 t- X
Multi-Industry Strikes
6 w8 ]1 w( L" E" n; C7 T- Q/ R
116. Generalized strike0 V6 K' H! N1 z- S0 d: V8 p
5 X8 }0 H! f# i5 ?! m" {9 C 117. General strike9 ]# i, u4 ]( X, T- h- \/ V
1 G5 i. W5 }: `
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 o; O y Q0 p9 i, t4 }
) a" E+ w/ O, j" R6 u2 w 118. Hartal
: d! c3 L0 V. L s$ p' s# }4 o5 K0 U' W% i3 e. `* E
119. Economic shutdown4 \3 `# J Z" t) G
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! G: q) Q7 N) S3 Y6 STHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% I9 a# n+ M+ ?8 n
5 R! _9 V) P% d$ U( k
! B. H+ K+ _( A& P, x) ZRejection of Authority! @9 r" t% E! i( B
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# n, V- D! {$ M" H" a$ K 121. Refusal of public support3 c7 a$ I, O$ Y! G9 c9 W2 b n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 L" X. j) D4 L! s9 r$ y/ X
5 @- I- i7 D8 U/ B0 ~. cCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' h6 `) y, U# K+ ] 123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 H( ^. K# J! A/ _+ G9 S
124. Boycott of elections
5 H4 I v- q1 ^, c 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 f- k) H/ x7 [+ B) n3 ~
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. e7 b0 S3 c0 X, F J, u R0 E
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 ]% @8 w4 \, ~/ [: A 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; g% \* J/ V8 {4 z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 a6 j$ E% [! V+ c, X, ^ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' n# U5 E! r5 G/ R5 K' e
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 u' Q' q% ]; v% M$ D" Z7 l
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions8 c, B. x. K" i `$ x
W7 ?# z$ h W' g$ U. ] dCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 r! |* _8 G4 ?
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( k' G0 l1 }5 Q 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; y9 ]* m. Y& e! H# O$ E
135. Popular nonobedience2 q" q0 m( G5 ^$ U. U: \3 |
136. Disguised disobedience
4 e. |- h' Q( K5 X* z/ g 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 B4 ]. K; j! t% J- [ 138. Sitdown. v; }9 R4 y2 v6 K' x
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" a4 }- }& X E$ o8 V 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; m( g& B$ ?: ~4 |, o0 v" b
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws- ?5 i3 N% M' l/ H2 ^4 x4 Z9 {
/ Z9 ~- A g( R: HAction by Government Personnel
5 a# k3 T/ M* q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; V+ x2 R: R N% Q" r, b9 o
143. Blocking of lines of command and information: i+ R6 T6 x5 C3 ?: d% t6 m" ]
144. Stalling and obstruction
2 X) T6 \/ z0 v- W0 R 145. General administrative noncooperation3 `) w( j- Q' A& b2 J( ?( {
" b0 G7 P( ]' ~1 {* a S 146. Judicial noncooperation
+ f t( ?3 l0 G9 _9 y | 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& j! y7 r- [# G8 y3 w
148. Mutiny
" U# b' P' b M8 UDomestic Governmental Action5 r' L; H, }! s
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' J8 T0 i3 i3 v, I" u' i; P
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ N5 q# m* [1 R8 t9 h( m% N* n0 W/ y! P# `, X
International Governmental Action
v6 y! F4 h, \& e2 f 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
! u) z( G4 r9 i3 c: w: B6 S! j 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- M F/ P/ n) A1 S
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition k' S, z6 U9 q. e
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
# J9 a T" ]& {7 l. X* z; [ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 |/ M9 l' l/ r; n. a
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: ]: q/ ^. A3 t9 ]% h2 _
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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# |1 x5 u) h! p* [% N ] " T$ j! L( @# z* S
5 p9 F F0 P3 e4 O7 ]THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* `* f4 R& o" U( ^9 ~) I5 G6 l8 E
% D0 V+ e5 }& n
7 E. s. O$ b d& x& X" ?0 J
Psychological Intervention2 K ] P+ \+ `. J7 X' o* M% M; l
158. Self-exposure to the elements
: E. T' \# c( ~ 159. The fast, }% b+ `. u) Q( G: j5 C' ^- I; T9 l
a) Fast of moral pressure
% ^' V, D9 _$ y6 [, b+ @$ t b) Hunger strike& ]# [' \8 ^8 M) Z
c) Satyagrahic fast1 B. t T) `3 Z, ^- H( w4 A. k
160. Reverse trial
1 U2 h( G5 ^0 L5 e4 e6 Y 161. Nonviolent harassment
# z- G- [, n1 X
$ X0 R) f* P2 v+ `8 `" Q$ L1 {Physical Intervention
% A, y. N1 ^; W 162. Sit-in" N+ W- j0 v9 {0 X
163. Stand-in
; Y; p8 r, w" r- ^8 p- v7 b( ^ 164. Ride-in
4 Y2 E& P! H7 D$ D- E1 q- R 165. Wade-in
' b, u- n* r) x$ b 166. Mill-in
0 R" c; h1 [ r' J6 _) i 167. Pray-in
" t. k, E4 T; J 168. Nonviolent raids) i9 e9 T( `. ~7 h
169. Nonviolent air raids& C, E+ \* b0 ?( Q
170. Nonviolent invasion
/ Y; w& M) u' c$ X; K& b# _ 171. Nonviolent interjection$ g+ b8 b2 p8 H G+ i* A5 i
172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ C& J# ?: c# ~2 ^' ?( b% i 173. Nonviolent occupation
- }7 w7 f( x7 P8 o# ~% ?
5 n A' t6 O/ dSocial Intervention- ?5 P0 F' ?$ B, _
174. Establishing new social patterns
. k$ d0 a% q! H3 G3 l" [2 v 175. Overloading of facilities$ ^7 I0 v3 N' q
176. Stall-in6 D( W- h: D1 X9 O) ^0 K: J0 C; J
177. Speak-in
/ n# }, }8 @% i4 R3 k" ~# g% r3 C7 D 178. Guerrilla theater& C. y; ?( ?/ B% O+ `+ P. |' ~
179. Alternative social institutions
, c6 z* B- |# d% X( ? 180. Alternative communication system: c5 B; H2 u1 l% |8 A- M
% V% Z7 {& x* @ y* @; i
Economic Intervention
* R6 D6 s1 \; A8 g+ h 181. Reverse strike6 o* m' K1 E1 s
182. Stay-in strike9 z3 j9 s6 k, S2 p2 k( K; n
183. Nonviolent land seizure' ^/ W0 s& Y9 y A$ T" z+ k
184. Defiance of blockades8 e0 J9 U0 j8 q% X D8 g1 k7 ^
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# ~$ _0 l) N4 n7 {( j! B 186. Preclusive purchasing$ B* o# A9 q5 }
187. Seizure of assets0 y- K0 f! O3 t9 z4 X; l
188. Dumping
6 x3 Q' E6 G# S; u1 ~0 T! h 189. Selective patronage
+ L) l& B* X5 t' N: k 190. Alternative markets
9 u1 u: I5 s7 t 191. Alternative transportation systems
2 l s1 x' o, [* g( Y3 e' e% H' V 192. Alternative economic institutions
3 K* {' n( O& J9 K% T7 v7 a1 f @# p( A, Q3 B' |( y7 Q. E/ t
Political Intervention v# j1 C/ q% m7 a! t2 s/ v' j
193. Overloading of administrative systems
$ s& q! K/ b* F- n6 c$ w! s9 ^ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" V) z- i. I) ?/ k% [
195. Seeking imprisonment0 n" i8 N/ J+ [9 `
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 B" ~+ l8 _: b 197. Work-on without collaboration
5 {6 E! V' Z% q' i/ a2 ` c" C O 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
