 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION) E/ Y4 x5 N0 L$ ^* O* N; Z5 Q# \
Formal Statements
2 h1 j5 U4 Q! _; J' M4 A) L+ b2 W 1. Public Speeches
: |* @8 M' e9 A, B# _! Z1 J, u/ |0 o 2. Letters of opposition or support% X1 V, X5 Y* {4 H, J$ @5 `5 q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% z2 P7 L, Z6 Y' k 4. Signed public statements
$ e7 L+ J1 `1 ?* _ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
" Z5 y/ f, T0 E v 6. Group or mass petitions
6 X9 F h2 J2 E& K1 h( G9 u" o9 p {6 B' ] c2 p6 S$ |3 B/ |
Communications with a Wider Audience0 }3 H% v9 M7 w) J; L% L
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; q8 V0 H' |: D+ ~ a+ h8 H
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications* {8 T& N6 M+ v& p: Y
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' p4 S r4 ~3 ?$ n9 U! [, r 10. Newspapers and journals
6 P% V: }2 b# U 11. Records, radio, and television8 z+ J* P$ ]9 }- ]3 z
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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( l) W, j4 Q" N5 g. I7 @1 F$ i: s& zGroup Representations
( m' _1 r/ c$ a 13. Deputations2 r1 e9 l4 c4 Y0 Y0 o! i- ^
14. Mock awards0 I# i" D" p. q, d: R
15. Group lobbying" H0 w) ^* V* c% Y
16. Picketing' M! N' N% G5 q
17. Mock elections* M7 N i( _' S- f
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Symbolic Public Acts
) ]) u7 [- S& V% V P5 f 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 G2 E+ i, y$ y( k3 s( h
19. Wearing of symbols/ o9 q- n4 k% t, F& t
20. Prayer and worship
0 X. B5 ?0 m0 Q* Z$ R2 I 21. Delivering symbolic objects
E& ]: f9 N) I+ h 22. Protest disrobings
; p# V7 y9 Q: M, O( ? D 23. Destruction of own property
5 N9 x+ O+ W- c+ O: }6 @! O 24. Symbolic lights
9 D+ C, o$ ~% M) H8 ` 25. Displays of portraits
# u/ P/ }1 G. C 26. Paint as protest1 N" B7 H3 t* T) U. @+ H4 @
27. New signs and names. B( G9 ~' ]1 r! ]1 e
28. Symbolic sounds
; o$ n' V' h$ `: ?" ? 29. Symbolic reclamations6 ], }( |& A$ _" d- D
30. Rude gestures
; r7 w: u* ]4 E
% `- c/ b2 ^. M3 UPressures on Individuals
. h/ _# J5 C u3 |. E; X) F* N 31. “Haunting” officials
8 M2 j+ ^0 U3 ?/ }- A& [ x9 H; p8 [ 32. Taunting officials
1 x. x) [ L$ k7 o3 ^$ p! u: W8 H7 @3 N 33. Fraternization4 \$ C- u8 B$ `
34. Vigils
0 c6 i: }# `) M6 M- j8 S7 w1 C% Y" `+ d! B4 k% b4 r. Y
Drama and Music+ n3 x- o1 ^: {& C% s
35. Humorous skits and pranks
7 g5 e3 W# U0 x" r! C 36. Performances of plays and music
2 e: K" ?/ `( j/ |7 { 37. Singing
, [* h! f+ U/ ~' l: R4 m
* M2 m7 W$ }2 v- p2 k2 A5 z+ TProcessions
4 ]; V* z& i6 Y9 t2 C) G 38. Marches
. x3 Y7 y! B* W: C1 j, Q" V- }7 e( ` 39. Parades8 V6 b! W# a; ?2 o( j
40. Religious processions# }6 h8 U U" ^1 c8 y$ v
41. Pilgrimages
2 _& d* a2 u3 S8 h# d# F 42. Motorcades
7 A. \5 P. \+ r. p$ m7 F; M
" w5 {2 n9 W+ R. K& Y, yHonoring the Dead
& S% U( T, |" L( `2 u3 b( j! P' j 43. Political mourning
' m: t B, Z) x( [. l 44. Mock funerals* b- a8 k* ?) U- Z
45. Demonstrative funerals
) T, O0 G* Q. I1 b 46. Homage at burial places
" v6 r7 H {, {, p2 M9 {# f$ m$ q! W
Public Assemblies) X" x; Z+ I1 Z& c) o
47. Assemblies of protest or support
/ R! d# N8 {1 h6 m; K+ ^; A6 M 48. Protest meetings' a$ v% h0 l* g* t! {" s
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# f% y' l, X: p2 N* I1 i 50. Teach-ins' a3 S; h- c( F6 K2 q
2 } `3 q4 C" l( M
Withdrawal and Renunciation" m% t9 }9 A" D4 @/ n
51. Walk-outs
" R" Z9 C% D7 ^/ T; ?$ v) C4 f 52. Silence
5 _& l$ B4 w+ x7 k 53. Renouncing honors
, a* Q: j" f! Y; m: q. E 54. Turning one’s back
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5 F( ^9 d* ~$ [THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons" r: l# k* k8 E( H$ S8 H1 W' `
55. Social boycott
7 }/ v- z/ A0 |+ |- I" x# E 56. Selective social boycott
, A" \' [! j9 w L/ u" N 57. Lysistratic nonaction
, B% J6 _7 \% N* V5 d9 ?. { 58. Excommunication
# ^9 z$ b1 V( ^( d 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 [$ f: l$ i0 A, _4 k% Q! C% O
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 O9 r- }. W: n+ d 61. Boycott of social affairs
& q- n7 i* H) o4 A 62. Student strike8 W) r% p( k( r* j
63. Social disobedience1 h$ m5 ]+ }8 |# K0 i
64. Withdrawal from social institutions s1 U5 M+ B- \9 ~4 o
- Q6 c! s9 s3 C0 n& A$ mWithdrawal from the Social System
; G% `' K9 _' E0 h( U' K: B 65. Stay-at-home
# f% s M& ], L0 @' U$ Z 66. Total personal noncooperation6 ^" L# W: q) k9 I; ~9 T
67. “Flight” of workers3 \- U- O7 g0 l& D2 S# c: ]
68. Sanctuary3 t8 p! w+ u: `6 v; ~. l
69. Collective disappearance
5 i% w5 a9 H( I) K$ p: `/ \8 G 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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. O. `( d1 |3 c+ ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& i+ ~; T0 H' A" C" Y6 e! X; w
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Actions by Consumers
0 l( X5 b: Y4 p1 m2 ? 71. Consumers’ boycott3 g% A j6 Q4 ?
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ I# _. Z* C/ i% W 73. Policy of austerity
/ F" U3 S. Y2 i9 {. t 74. Rent withholding
+ @0 [* V3 S1 f* \. v 75. Refusal to rent8 u# G, K6 \3 k) o
76. National consumers’ boycott+ G2 H6 R7 u) X% ^1 z0 X# m
77. International consumers’ boycott
2 J- H$ p0 P: Q6 l7 ~* A. b7 b
" }9 l% Y5 r7 F2 O6 `Action by Workers and Producers
4 O; w; ~& p7 V' c: J8 f# V$ O 78. Workmen’s boycott
6 y% Z2 F6 @6 ^. |2 d+ D 79. Producers’ boycott, i1 r4 ^' ~( E; t
% j' m4 }; F0 \Action by Middlemen* J7 }) ~$ a9 U! n3 e6 G
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 q, C6 B) C9 e8 c/ Y ~
% P: m% A$ k/ v' ?, A: kAction by Owners and Management
; i2 z* v1 n; e, m3 ~! n# b 81. Traders’ boycott
# d! E# d; e4 Y1 T# R1 K+ s# @ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ y4 \4 v" k; V3 t 83. Lockout+ h# t/ g% y+ A: C
84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 `$ V7 g/ R) \. A0 K5 A( r$ [: g
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 X/ X/ I8 |# P
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources& c$ }* D: A! t5 r# i1 Y' R
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) \* ]& ~7 V7 m% N, a5 X
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- S, n" z% R" X k0 A" N. g/ @
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 f& t7 x5 U# k0 s1 A8 n+ M
89. Severance of funds and credit/ C9 `( C/ @- G. K' D
90. Revenue refusal; S) f4 \7 |1 o' Q! ^
91. Refusal of a government’s money: a# H) ?0 N4 g: z
: D) s6 `- k( J4 n( yAction by Governments
* V2 d' \/ m' H 92. Domestic embargo
9 b4 R K( i: g0 v: ? 93. Blacklisting of traders
. V9 D. U+ r: g W 94. International sellers’ embargo8 D5 D! d. @; D5 w0 i
95. International buyers’ embargo
! r) a3 L, Y7 C# P2 I! ?# q. c 96. International trade embargo. r7 [, E$ X: |& e1 k2 t; M
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9 W. M/ H0 e" W- z u; k' tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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; n7 o1 ^9 _# B) q* O F |4 G * K+ ], i- l Q! }+ v( H* B B
Symbolic Strikes/ Q# v4 E( [$ X$ c2 ]) Z
97. Protest strike
2 E( h# q9 W# p 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 P- ^) I* y( ]& W2 P) {5 p
9 b) D( {$ s6 uAgricultural Strikes
, j4 V2 D7 \& ~$ c, C 99. Peasant strike7 c6 v. H$ {! l+ u Q: `
100. Farm Workers’ strike8 c7 Y5 ^" o& a/ t ]4 u; }
3 m2 m! I% F$ o1 WStrikes by Special Groups
( @" S. ~5 n0 n% L( {5 D 101. Refusal of impressed labor u _7 t; ^4 k. Z# A6 @
102. Prisoners’ strike
2 `3 x9 f1 m9 B5 m/ R0 Z# O* G 103. Craft strike. }6 r- p5 {& e' i7 {5 q
104. Professional strike9 O% ^3 p! k' [" {1 b
$ }+ `; l* o- { u$ w1 T# \5 nOrdinary Industrial Strikes
$ a/ [& f" p n Q5 N 105. Establishment strike
, K/ t/ r* ]- S 106. Industry strike
4 B2 R8 K; H' E 107. Sympathetic strike5 [8 K# Q7 k- D) v* a; s) T2 O
% e& Z) [2 r5 l |Restricted Strikes
% \' ~$ u# {1 v) y 108. Detailed strike
. A# L- N3 e+ J9 ] 109. Bumper strike# t0 a9 _ V" ^8 A) g: C
110. Slowdown strike* A' I5 d5 |) c( }! u
111. Working-to-rule strike: H9 N5 r6 m. A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ t. ~6 N2 w( a G6 k% r, t 113. Strike by resignation
/ q7 E- m9 h1 j, o 114. Limited strike0 T [2 S) c- k I/ E
115. Selective strike7 B2 C* d8 D1 d9 Z8 \
$ Y# ^3 R2 j' N5 q
Multi-Industry Strikes+ I! I: C: I3 w$ W9 k7 r5 i
$ O& y8 `) d0 }# n! u 116. Generalized strike
3 E* U7 S5 a9 p2 z+ w
( K! B* u4 F$ ~; `/ V) O5 a; I f, L 117. General strike
3 x5 a" ^' D6 k, Q. u& C
3 X; @2 ]* N+ b, `/ Q+ \3 J" JCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
6 j* e' `# i9 }7 u- U/ n6 Y/ R1 t7 I |. ]
119. Economic shutdown, s1 ~ c/ m8 w) w9 M0 `3 l
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+ Q% x" v5 \/ K- E$ e% a, Z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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( |) H$ w: l* z8 q4 ]Rejection of Authority, ~, \) q% C; ?) j) ?
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance4 H( i" J+ N7 S' j# T" F' r/ X4 U. Q
121. Refusal of public support7 M! X9 E6 m0 u$ [) Z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- v' r' Q5 t" E+ v. n
6 y5 s. Z9 V! nCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ X! W2 u/ k2 A; I' X
123. Boycott of legislative bodies# c6 n6 l! v# u3 q3 Q4 _
124. Boycott of elections
% p% m: p$ s/ Z2 V/ Q! T 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& g" N1 _& ~$ X& o. f; r0 U 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* ~) K) n9 u) ^! d8 D8 B( ^2 p 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% o' N- d8 D& X1 x1 n
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 @: I' d0 {4 s4 M$ }
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' D h1 s/ {; i# s d! X7 Z" |
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& ^! I4 g& V( N, \0 H: k
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
u! n8 O& j9 \9 i: D# [2 o 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ s4 Z! `" ~% S K; c% U
, d n- L/ p: U, Y4 @7 M& i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& ?3 ^0 _9 w- ~5 i6 t2 W- y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 p, @9 p' Y# I2 p1 j& _: p$ K) y* [
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 S1 r; O; J/ y" `, B% T( k 135. Popular nonobedience( R: ?+ x1 d2 P4 h
136. Disguised disobedience/ w4 |9 Q% e$ U# S" s9 t7 E
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( Z, r7 P- v/ c5 E
138. Sitdown: L3 s0 t4 S) m5 D+ E& v
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( m, k; i% D, M& v8 }, L 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities c, H% h J9 t
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# ] M6 K% s- G+ M' g7 [- W2 c) y
Action by Government Personnel
3 o5 G% C1 o5 s( d 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* Z* i8 \* @& r* r! r
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! i. a/ X3 [- m2 c 144. Stalling and obstruction
6 D7 W; o$ z. y% f 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 ^/ Q2 }: G& a. r: I: R0 G t, z" f# G# G) R
146. Judicial noncooperation0 ]7 T' U3 |& @( x9 L" h
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( P0 B- s/ w, r3 U- L* {8 @+ S
148. Mutiny
- W0 E e; [4 PDomestic Governmental Action
5 h h* s; c6 L7 \ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* `* N7 m' ~: {
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units S: {- i- m) y+ \1 i! _4 z1 ]) g9 I
( s) O* U8 n) y3 V i) `. o/ \' }International Governmental Action
[' X6 f: \9 Z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 t. U) T: ^6 H' O N" Y
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 X$ Q8 E# d& m- h; L7 T4 F9 r 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
W4 e/ A e% A 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' M7 P7 x) K1 c+ H- W# R
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
/ c9 U+ `0 W8 o1 K3 W 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
$ V3 {( H" g0 R7 l& A 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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; D( w0 l2 i1 f. u5 @7 v! b( yTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION/ k0 Z d! B0 M* H6 W
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/ V# f! _6 d, G) `5 f; t# APsychological Intervention3 C2 ]% d) {+ B5 p
158. Self-exposure to the elements
& f; y8 c: }6 K. k 159. The fast
9 Q0 h* I+ a( E, L/ g7 M: w a) Fast of moral pressure! d; J# A7 [) N% E$ _. H
b) Hunger strike
5 |$ Z; U, g) _1 ^7 A# [ c) Satyagrahic fast
$ e) @" b8 J ~ 160. Reverse trial3 k$ U% a3 |/ y2 f
161. Nonviolent harassment! i; U# ?- m1 K. X% n- c. }9 w
* i, P: X2 Z0 }$ O% p: e6 c
Physical Intervention' r8 e- A1 d9 l2 A" l
162. Sit-in4 Y3 B6 `) w( k
163. Stand-in: C4 A) D R5 P, `# K
164. Ride-in* h& I2 c8 A! K4 N6 X/ c3 `
165. Wade-in+ S" H V: \' |& O9 |' X
166. Mill-in' V0 ]8 |0 k, E- C: b
167. Pray-in
+ ?- @6 w- F" E 168. Nonviolent raids8 A+ t/ X+ @3 X+ \/ d( n6 y
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 g2 t" n6 E0 t9 a 170. Nonviolent invasion
- Q. @* |( Q z9 o* T 171. Nonviolent interjection7 |" b# I! A4 Y4 G/ j
172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 h$ r9 q, k/ Y4 Q 173. Nonviolent occupation" M) V3 }2 y" o6 B7 `! s
* {. v% c6 M6 d# j9 k& gSocial Intervention
& X6 d4 ?! r4 s7 | 174. Establishing new social patterns
+ m3 J+ l$ }: Z6 d) E6 z$ O' m 175. Overloading of facilities
/ _' L# p9 v5 ~ 176. Stall-in
2 R# J5 F v% x( V 177. Speak-in! h2 L' B- G; t, D/ _
178. Guerrilla theater: R+ Z( W }5 G
179. Alternative social institutions
6 I" `0 L! p( h, ~ 180. Alternative communication system
8 X# Y4 N( B7 ]# _# m
9 x6 Y! H7 \! k. nEconomic Intervention
+ j& k$ s, U2 T+ C 181. Reverse strike @! U) M! k: c+ z6 U
182. Stay-in strike
! x4 l, I. ?/ k) ^ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' C0 i) m6 E9 e4 m6 @7 }6 M 184. Defiance of blockades r" p. @# N9 Y/ s' ~
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- m5 S3 L3 }5 m& ?6 ], N2 a 186. Preclusive purchasing
- w& j% B0 w/ b' B' S 187. Seizure of assets
2 }$ l8 m3 M2 }/ e1 I8 O, a 188. Dumping
5 m7 }* D3 @. H8 W* O* V 189. Selective patronage
6 c9 ~2 y( C: N% l: Q 190. Alternative markets$ \3 Q2 t/ y( g* ]8 n" v ]6 M
191. Alternative transportation systems
4 V. `$ V- l: u. R2 @. ?4 X$ x 192. Alternative economic institutions
5 @' Q6 W9 q$ o0 t0 K& K9 Q5 n6 e6 ]" o5 n; B" ]9 l& B
Political Intervention2 ]% A; i; g! `, L
193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ ]$ J, [4 G2 N* c; w0 X& Y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 I! f7 ]6 L% I7 W2 g 195. Seeking imprisonment* y! Y, B* V1 N: \' D+ _# z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
. `4 U u j$ F; U4 q 197. Work-on without collaboration
3 a1 U/ S4 \3 v6 k 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
