 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( @9 t! H& J: N& o
Formal Statements
, x2 T* H' e$ B- ~9 B2 C. R+ D 1. Public Speeches' j6 e( D2 T0 Q! n
2. Letters of opposition or support
' w9 D) e% e' k: o4 `+ Y8 L. u 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 ^% y9 U; `7 q+ K 4. Signed public statements5 _" V( W4 {' N
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ F$ T: X2 b4 b, X 6. Group or mass petitions
* {& v2 m1 f6 t- O+ T7 G, H1 C+ l7 m% t+ p8 B( k
Communications with a Wider Audience" O( X7 E7 M$ u, ~8 O6 F9 b
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" I O! ~, y2 P4 K, Z2 p 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications; _5 z5 s9 @+ w# B4 }+ c' ^. t
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 U4 l! D$ U# I+ R: r3 ?! j) V
10. Newspapers and journals
+ k0 c$ t1 p1 ]" H2 K: f 11. Records, radio, and television' [( m1 W5 P! E' T3 J
12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 N: r" l: l% _* p( @( a4 @- S
7 ?8 G* W4 g0 X; }. H
Group Representations
* {& \' V, p" h/ [5 C4 {! r 13. Deputations1 R' s9 q& k- t3 E: L. {
14. Mock awards
, {& T, g; m' Y! ^# V 15. Group lobbying
$ |8 W8 K# X( v1 o; C w 16. Picketing
. T! r7 J3 w7 r* r8 q 17. Mock elections3 C$ n! D* R8 O; K. y: H) X) H6 M
% j; L/ T8 \% {: Y9 }Symbolic Public Acts K' z2 a/ H$ \2 s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- i% w; s1 K% [ q+ B0 B 19. Wearing of symbols3 o/ U- u* _' P/ T) K% B
20. Prayer and worship
1 m5 V' F3 w! C: I$ @( B 21. Delivering symbolic objects4 ?0 Q. O5 O1 b* h$ [9 K
22. Protest disrobings
/ e4 _( Q" e, }9 c7 | 23. Destruction of own property1 D9 i4 A+ ], r
24. Symbolic lights
( w; `; s* V+ X( o' V 25. Displays of portraits1 u. r/ ^# @6 n2 ]# G
26. Paint as protest
6 i2 e# {3 V# X 27. New signs and names
" G0 T4 z3 d! j& r/ b 28. Symbolic sounds
- _' f4 B6 `( U2 y/ [2 U 29. Symbolic reclamations
0 c9 S: B, t- O* G$ n 30. Rude gestures
2 k% Z2 _. o4 G9 z6 h1 K; M
8 I1 X7 L) u* y* y& e7 q1 V' CPressures on Individuals
% e0 ^6 a% K3 d X- A 31. “Haunting” officials1 H# e/ f. E# ^! f( ?4 p
32. Taunting officials
1 ?9 R F0 ] J& t) U' u( B" a/ a 33. Fraternization$ j9 ], i$ K4 A; q
34. Vigils3 a$ \( Y8 S& w$ |
. V. x/ s0 d! ?. O. `
Drama and Music% _' l, S& C6 ~
35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ A8 _) _- @" \" c( N6 v; n 36. Performances of plays and music
; o: n1 U; g9 I 37. Singing! E& ?/ M* F' B1 g
" {( K/ }0 ~. Q8 Q4 O- a5 {Processions- T* \2 h$ y( m, }5 S" M- T2 O
38. Marches
( N# E/ S: E5 ]) E6 |! S 39. Parades
' ]" Q! B n+ @3 ]) ~( K; x 40. Religious processions9 @) @; s m8 L0 Z) X- P J( L
41. Pilgrimages
6 q* S) f: |6 o# f- a5 F 42. Motorcades
4 z8 [. x" m7 w# ]- _4 G' g8 n! c+ D; l; X& u- {2 o1 t
Honoring the Dead) o6 b+ z7 w: u& ~7 H6 g
43. Political mourning
' |% R5 K/ h1 S& i 44. Mock funerals
0 x0 I- j, V* V 45. Demonstrative funerals9 h, L) c! r1 z: c2 Q0 o
46. Homage at burial places+ k4 [4 V5 a, {9 \: ?: m R, y# }
% d5 V/ T* S b! b2 H3 E6 b
Public Assemblies/ x6 x- j+ j; e
47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 d$ e2 H5 `# B+ Y1 p/ B X; h# \ 48. Protest meetings- d3 f8 ^+ {9 @, b
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 V* a* c+ H t
50. Teach-ins: R" b; B1 R9 \( h! ^
; ]0 q D1 ^3 N' Q5 `4 Y0 \
Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 p" q: c, w3 t1 ?. T) r3 _ 51. Walk-outs
- g- e- }& A1 R- b' k; y 52. Silence
% A; O) w8 f2 [: q 53. Renouncing honors
% r$ `; }( o% r) x+ z! x) n* ] 54. Turning one’s back
4 b1 B' W9 E* U6 A: ~: ^7 j* |% b5 N
5 S( p: Y) _5 _: R2 N m+ O7 m# b8 b" u5 S+ k E
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( c r0 }" B( o% o4 _: Q( b& s
k% h2 G# f1 v' p1 [
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7 n; K. k- R Z+ Q3 d* SOstracism of Persons
' ?8 }! m8 R; E5 P% N% X 55. Social boycott7 h7 ~* K) ]& e& L H- h
56. Selective social boycott' p' g- m# ?4 _0 e3 k" [
57. Lysistratic nonaction& _7 B) j% S! |6 O+ T
58. Excommunication3 o# p; R- r3 |" L" O
59. Interdict2 a3 Y! A `3 d; j# U4 H+ v/ u
3 Y" o, \7 f4 [$ @4 d, S
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 I. ]1 F9 j( o2 ~% ~* C
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% X( ]! X" l; ^1 }4 }- Y( X 61. Boycott of social affairs
) g5 w0 ?: m5 s* K% A 62. Student strike
( ^5 R o. O5 {4 M1 f4 H8 _ 63. Social disobedience6 T6 p |! A7 `, D" K6 C4 }5 B- ?8 M; j
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! _ Z& Y/ P% O: C4 a% k7 d9 l. k+ Q I; [0 _2 ^# ^$ H
Withdrawal from the Social System
. b ] ?$ l: m9 [2 Y 65. Stay-at-home
8 s+ Z; b, _2 D: M8 ]7 Y 66. Total personal noncooperation9 E8 w: u! D, O% } z+ E/ z
67. “Flight” of workers
4 k2 X& {1 _/ R. N' t& _ 68. Sanctuary
3 Z- g8 L* g* ^: m6 {7 l% G! E 69. Collective disappearance+ h* _5 x0 X1 D4 }7 w
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
; Y& _0 K3 h. `; e3 d! d% v3 x
; k5 `4 }7 n- C+ r) F5 O. N7 E 9 R. `3 C; d# w
, f$ U: K- S( {+ }# q4 x8 ~0 e
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 ~; `( H# p: [% g- [
0 w) y5 m, z( D+ F: ~
+ @7 F! s, W' V2 u9 {0 q! bActions by Consumers
6 {4 X5 X K2 M4 P3 ]* B% ?0 p 71. Consumers’ boycott4 Z, A2 p0 Y- l% \' {! m
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
* {3 C& g/ G J# i2 M/ h# `8 ^/ }+ f 73. Policy of austerity
( e N4 `& P: T, K$ v1 G1 H Y 74. Rent withholding
; n# [- V4 Q5 ^# I V) W' N5 F* j 75. Refusal to rent
3 q; `, ], i0 D4 ~ 76. National consumers’ boycott1 F3 L9 Q" R" u$ y" x
77. International consumers’ boycott8 f" P! M. t: _7 z# |
+ p6 L5 z- L8 ?) T; z8 ?' n
Action by Workers and Producers
9 [) V* _$ p( Z1 f! A7 |" q# a 78. Workmen’s boycott0 }" c) a9 p( s7 F
79. Producers’ boycott
6 `* l- N; U2 A; |- L% W" H1 K8 x2 I0 M5 [* ~ M
Action by Middlemen
2 w9 {2 i/ a) |5 f' Y% z# q 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
) f: E% k3 L3 L, ~& O: ^3 }* Z$ L/ I8 F1 M
Action by Owners and Management
6 z, q0 r- k3 x! F9 e n" ~ 81. Traders’ boycott$ q6 ?5 b8 E, R0 x3 @
82. Refusal to let or sell property
" f# T" W3 J' r, I t5 w 83. Lockout
( e: e" r k' h 84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ s1 M- J4 N/ c/ |9 O$ o6 J
85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ e5 o2 z; X7 R1 O- \3 R
6 M3 ?. q* B O/ b0 g* r# m: Z) C
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
5 |! n) P' o# p! u+ }+ O5 Z D 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 i0 v1 L. W' N 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% u) S/ w: m" T* `) { G( m 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 ^+ J' @: V. l3 v5 v 89. Severance of funds and credit
5 u. w% T8 _. h# Z% T% v 90. Revenue refusal* \+ W E! {: `, }6 Y3 D. z# ~
91. Refusal of a government’s money
! E; }) q B! o, K" t+ ]7 f& S
3 s, A2 i ^% r" J0 P$ K9 @- ?Action by Governments3 f& U9 R, _8 D. e p/ V# x4 ?9 [5 T
92. Domestic embargo
" z/ U) x. f- B& P4 Y, d; c. P 93. Blacklisting of traders
3 k5 z0 w' \' }8 z* U 94. International sellers’ embargo1 x, S' {7 P9 p9 x* T4 y
95. International buyers’ embargo
& |6 u; G# j P, G 96. International trade embargo
4 ]8 m Z2 d) W8 b9 P" u* I; ~" O( c% `2 X0 Z* r# H; X& v# G
* z' a2 ^9 Y. _% }' Q" D
! k) ?. }; l3 Y1 o1 e0 vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
! O, h; Z1 K) ?" ?& x$ \3 H1 b5 u: M* i. n% ]
$ R% c! Z% T2 _2 B2 vSymbolic Strikes
! o' Z o. |1 D. R# W+ b: K 97. Protest strike% K" z j2 C s6 U; {4 L4 Y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 |2 L6 P6 |( H: C' [
9 Z" M, Q0 f+ r8 h9 e. FAgricultural Strikes
3 |, C) n0 \0 x. q; \9 B! d 99. Peasant strike
* Y' L+ X6 L6 L6 H' T 100. Farm Workers’ strike
, t& @9 J* J9 }
9 E: V+ h) A7 Z, \4 CStrikes by Special Groups2 v6 g* Z, T# O, N
101. Refusal of impressed labor
% y. ~2 j$ p# s H# J7 J' S 102. Prisoners’ strike# r! B# Y, i1 h$ |+ L
103. Craft strike
b" p% f3 d! v: k& p; s. [ 104. Professional strike
8 \8 _+ S" [7 ^' E& r
0 C' M; W0 ~7 f' Q/ g3 F) v( ]" MOrdinary Industrial Strikes
3 p4 A6 B l9 k9 j) g" ^) e+ y 105. Establishment strike X0 a- c8 @/ J5 Q. M4 I/ N
106. Industry strike8 Z' ?. K, W6 B9 m) F5 i
107. Sympathetic strike4 @0 \" W2 C: o
) d# i, r+ l+ c- i% s
Restricted Strikes
) U6 x4 Y1 ~) e8 {- {. | R 108. Detailed strike% f' \9 B/ C1 R# L
109. Bumper strike0 l# i) ~# G* w
110. Slowdown strike
( ^9 f! n x# b# E8 d& U( f; z 111. Working-to-rule strike+ k) Z0 m( U6 ]* }( O3 O0 W
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), x$ P" Q( F- S2 G, A
113. Strike by resignation
0 U8 x2 a; d, l: Q: | 114. Limited strike
" ^* Z/ C& I i( H2 ^; x, E( b 115. Selective strike( Z U* g# R3 a$ b* j. i: |
* u3 _& a) \' D4 T" b; M3 a
Multi-Industry Strikes4 j% p5 T- o5 }8 z
1 }2 `1 s# ~& K/ Z
116. Generalized strike1 I6 t( m) X/ F) P9 W9 V. C
8 v8 H6 d# Z! C- H! }5 I
117. General strike
' F) @3 g, D3 C0 W- a* a. |3 D8 b$ F7 [- |7 Y; m" Z+ T
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures D+ Z) t( s4 X: l9 L0 _+ }
. G; k# r- \7 L% t
118. Hartal8 i# f x3 Z5 N* Z- r0 _# X
1 {; D: i3 }4 [" V, J3 I4 t0 p# o 119. Economic shutdown6 b4 @" w/ ^1 O0 |5 ?3 a
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$ u$ H5 ^. g( Y. G5 j# b; I7 ], i# m$ ]. q/ s, \
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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V/ O7 B3 x1 y* h 0 i! f% h3 {: H7 ]
Rejection of Authority
4 \" j ~/ n k6 M 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& {0 c: @: B% M8 Z3 {" N
121. Refusal of public support
, m9 g; q U% t6 J# j. z7 K 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 R8 V4 p9 y# W2 a$ Q7 M: R8 x
) Q8 K% Z9 ^2 O# ?. j
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
0 x9 ~0 ~5 J# |- S 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 z: \3 ^% U! A% k# @ 124. Boycott of elections
3 }+ D6 O5 w# b5 ~5 l( H7 V 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 t' R B0 o7 m, H& k
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; E/ o9 n* H4 j' x7 T
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 r) H3 u% O8 i A 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations$ W7 |- K4 x$ [) }
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( ?( ]5 C! e* r6 m+ D C
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks7 w& O0 C7 X' ~
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, e& u3 P- k; C0 c' L/ I; t
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
6 \3 F1 C3 I" V% X4 v& Z- \& w/ l% H; P% h2 D
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 a. C, z5 h! P
133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 E* h2 F# n( v( x* t
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ ^6 j( J2 b0 p. u: K- G8 o; S
135. Popular nonobedience
5 K' b! R7 h+ P& A7 Y/ D5 i6 o' r 136. Disguised disobedience8 | N7 S; [7 L7 y2 f4 h
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' a8 Y8 L9 l0 p" u4 b, E 138. Sitdown
0 \* D7 M3 J4 u% r5 Z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ U" _: d+ I' U
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 u+ [2 R4 i- t5 `
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: x) {, r& ]* r9 O
* a y. a; _' y9 O# R
Action by Government Personnel
: ~3 a& z6 l0 O5 H/ [* w 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- L; g* E( X$ n: b( D2 y. \: |* j- E
143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 z; u) X z% S& s* j
144. Stalling and obstruction. g# i5 s8 U+ I+ t2 |
145. General administrative noncooperation
- g6 n+ B8 J2 a4 C
X6 {1 H5 u. O0 T* d0 |1 Z% ~ 146. Judicial noncooperation
# k: z s3 Q1 U. j3 d 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 x# I: y6 }3 s( X* G: V 148. Mutiny7 Z1 G0 o& K0 e- ?, Q; [. W9 L
Domestic Governmental Action9 r: j; p: N. D! S$ }8 H
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 e I n2 ]! V# j5 }" d( m2 J 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. F7 E. P% y! x* P; @5 D1 [0 P6 [. P+ r" _9 F7 i" T" ~
International Governmental Action
' J+ P* |3 S( Y& m) I' W9 G 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations2 ]8 |3 z6 A) @" Q5 ]( J! H1 ?+ R. I
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 p% v) |" i' n/ l0 F# G
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, T0 D) x- Q( L/ W4 E
154. Severance of diplomatic relations% h% R+ R- U; ]5 l2 p G" _9 K
155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ A3 Y. y% s+ ^
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies# {# {6 V$ p2 s$ L
157. Expulsion from international organizations# X& w. G' S" @) i$ a) h8 V% T
8 S( M% H% y$ V
6 t+ v- J0 I9 ~$ Y& N* Y Y: I
$ L4 h! `$ k. ^. ?THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
/ q. X$ x2 T: V, ?9 h, t: A+ M3 @/ ?5 |+ N( ~/ \
$ A# T5 V4 d! I8 h: c8 \
Psychological Intervention
- \( k, _8 \. i0 x7 T- C& U7 o' }! z 158. Self-exposure to the elements& D: w+ G! X! Z8 a
159. The fast
7 T2 U" u' J( l' Y8 ^1 J2 G" _ a) Fast of moral pressure
7 l/ [5 X+ U9 N: @) d b) Hunger strike
8 D" ^( o- U. f2 P- i- k, a, L c) Satyagrahic fast
( ^" a t9 j5 m- P- ? 160. Reverse trial7 B v# k R- _. L" h& B; M- w
161. Nonviolent harassment
0 b8 |6 Z; I4 ^; y, z) \
) \, h( n! t0 X, r% {) B: tPhysical Intervention! p2 Z% T/ m2 E4 L* a9 C2 i5 S
162. Sit-in
! u7 {0 s4 @7 w, u, J 163. Stand-in
4 m) J' U5 g3 q# f. L5 R- n7 J- F4 l 164. Ride-in
! a. K7 y6 }5 F- S* Z! D2 A 165. Wade-in1 d. [& e0 R" i, W" g( \. T
166. Mill-in% h. `0 |" M0 }/ B- k* W3 p% Y
167. Pray-in
k0 J9 c. ]9 g' P6 w 168. Nonviolent raids# d' I# [8 k# ~% X0 ^
169. Nonviolent air raids
8 J. s0 z% u$ T/ D# a$ k 170. Nonviolent invasion# C3 ]$ ~% m3 w# N
171. Nonviolent interjection
, ], x! v2 j; L9 ]: k4 S 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! s: `' p9 D* W U; |& l# R 173. Nonviolent occupation* Q0 N* V0 G8 l/ m
! |9 E* S( e% X) sSocial Intervention: R# I: n" k4 d! H# P* L( f
174. Establishing new social patterns
3 m- f: S' k P. I 175. Overloading of facilities# W u' J3 B: l2 p. z& D+ U( C% F! A& ^
176. Stall-in
X4 y& k/ f4 A7 [ 177. Speak-in0 L4 q& C0 R+ F8 y7 _6 X
178. Guerrilla theater
2 ]3 e0 \. z4 s& E# n0 E# s 179. Alternative social institutions; |6 I. T: [: ~/ I
180. Alternative communication system
. f& x# n* [0 Z# ~8 `- i+ ]3 g
, Q, [2 @4 \& Q) w- a2 @Economic Intervention
2 d5 K% t( D! F3 b 181. Reverse strike
- y# s; C7 s7 G) a 182. Stay-in strike% L. x& z. x8 w% Y
183. Nonviolent land seizure
% j6 s$ U0 C- y: s% y 184. Defiance of blockades
8 t, \, E# C7 j- r, h7 O 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( z6 j$ A6 L9 j5 t$ n5 M! C 186. Preclusive purchasing+ i6 w9 J; m1 I7 d
187. Seizure of assets
% u9 l2 b$ Q) P, c& @ 188. Dumping, Z8 e& K8 z+ D# z
189. Selective patronage; a5 D8 c$ d: Q" v6 [: i4 h
190. Alternative markets
. z0 a. z; h; t, e# g 191. Alternative transportation systems- t$ I) W9 D9 r6 x1 H6 ]
192. Alternative economic institutions m0 u% P8 V4 w: X/ ~2 N
; p$ @8 R$ M$ Y( Y4 CPolitical Intervention
1 |+ }. f4 i* W- L1 S0 g8 @1 b 193. Overloading of administrative systems
' ^4 p1 W& }4 H/ x2 F' A7 j 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 X, \/ n- _* }* K7 T8 Z 195. Seeking imprisonment
: O( y( m( T1 R5 ^) K% _- B 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! q. `! ]) ~& f4 A# L' h 197. Work-on without collaboration
4 l0 D4 V3 e% r8 _+ D( l3 ? 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: o0 @, t% o. _: G! K4 V* O
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
