 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" G" P$ N( a7 rFormal Statements
; u# b" r' @% u, l# \ 1. Public Speeches" q9 w4 f& [; E8 K* V
2. Letters of opposition or support
4 e+ p! u) ~9 d 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions% G9 R8 X2 u8 p3 h3 d0 R& I1 r
4. Signed public statements/ X9 f& U% D+ K! \, u+ h% L
5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 a$ ^$ k$ ]' |$ C; ~" }0 ^! @1 E. ]
6. Group or mass petitions
6 F3 F. \, H) z% [& J* h) Q% F F9 b
Communications with a Wider Audience
# j; E1 U6 U/ Y& c/ ~ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" E1 `5 U3 Z* O6 r0 @ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 |; ]- w2 T1 i. |$ e0 \; c' r 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
. u/ Z& ]2 v1 T, j 10. Newspapers and journals
/ t* s2 V% A/ `/ Y9 {: P2 ] 11. Records, radio, and television
$ @# o! v; N1 v" _ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting. y$ f% Y3 i5 q* l6 L. u
- d: o2 S! ]1 Z8 B: q; z. m
Group Representations1 z( l6 i3 G# @0 m/ K2 s
13. Deputations$ H/ r9 m5 `( S, p
14. Mock awards6 x0 f6 u- J4 O2 t
15. Group lobbying
& u& {2 U1 p6 G9 ]5 l2 a K) O 16. Picketing! B0 r+ l8 e6 g
17. Mock elections
( V4 D; l! x5 M# @! D& U. [5 R1 |; B& O* v1 A
Symbolic Public Acts
; l" Z7 V7 \* d- ^' S 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" l# H7 X8 q% m% r: [# `3 [
19. Wearing of symbols6 {; G4 G; H. G! X
20. Prayer and worship
, F% x- X: |4 u' T 21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ o# W4 A: @# m4 z: l" C 22. Protest disrobings4 z% G, c, @$ M3 i" l9 R
23. Destruction of own property
+ e( i: `) P; ^4 n- x! L* A 24. Symbolic lights R. m" b' i/ y2 ~9 S9 o4 p
25. Displays of portraits
! N; L4 |& p) v) w5 P3 S: ~' n 26. Paint as protest+ `2 I; }+ ]5 k
27. New signs and names
0 J# f# h0 l* \0 I9 ?, u" c0 b 28. Symbolic sounds& \4 k# @; T5 k
29. Symbolic reclamations- G) u. \# F; l6 U" O! A
30. Rude gestures
# D8 k- n5 S4 K: a
" d8 h% o* J+ } {7 J) _- YPressures on Individuals2 L+ f! B1 S0 c, R
31. “Haunting” officials
6 b7 H+ |+ \' H4 C0 x 32. Taunting officials K4 c( B' o/ A& E/ V: w q
33. Fraternization
# i; }6 W; `. p: A9 z 34. Vigils9 Y0 k) r5 k/ F5 R
5 |! o; H' _, K$ `# k: cDrama and Music
& V" i* B/ y0 @+ C 35. Humorous skits and pranks4 E I( G H2 v/ M9 {# [
36. Performances of plays and music
5 Q3 U: k. b# O1 l 37. Singing6 ~/ W8 R7 f# b2 M9 a3 a3 P8 t
3 }- ^( }! r# f4 T- a
Processions8 {* v: w4 B$ S6 P5 c+ C
38. Marches
( v% o+ ~5 H& K! t/ W1 K0 e 39. Parades
/ c+ F# y/ Z& n. v' Y5 l 40. Religious processions+ W9 i, j0 N6 A3 j' v- _6 [
41. Pilgrimages- A# Q3 \ ]/ D& U* r1 L
42. Motorcades
. v4 y; `$ U8 ^. Z' L7 z5 a$ X5 [" L9 g4 B; b
Honoring the Dead X& q& v" G* S: ]2 Z; V2 J
43. Political mourning
8 @6 E, C! r$ _ \ 44. Mock funerals
- G8 V- X* |0 F, ] 45. Demonstrative funerals
B7 u" o- e! T) N5 A1 P 46. Homage at burial places2 `% W) \* _) n7 I% E( q# t% |
6 R# c: J7 U1 I; Q5 A1 X8 uPublic Assemblies
* h, |: m/ c9 i1 S 47. Assemblies of protest or support0 G# X4 W; G; G' d& o
48. Protest meetings
7 B3 S3 L4 Q8 W% a$ I 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! h' U5 X& C3 k. s/ N1 ?* a
50. Teach-ins
* }: T. l3 z' N1 L& j1 \8 h1 ~4 J' q
Withdrawal and Renunciation4 R1 C6 ^6 C( Q) W/ @
51. Walk-outs: p1 c, i c e) h; f* v( G( f) e# k
52. Silence
, I4 G, A1 a0 c) r9 H6 c5 x- \ 53. Renouncing honors
& V/ p. i8 h6 B& S/ | 54. Turning one’s back
& }8 I$ I6 K3 W- F
/ f& H( }. L, S2 e6 w7 Q3 a & A& O% O/ p [! T. I1 B' ?( ?/ y. x
$ J4 {+ P/ m7 w$ s ]* D& N9 ~5 E
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 c! b- J N. g2 P/ x1 O
* k+ T& X; O N3 R( v1 Z
9 i- L5 L8 P# H4 C" c1 [/ q. p# {4 {+ Q4 j' [, j4 [3 N, b n0 Z$ p
Ostracism of Persons
) j# m1 T+ h2 m+ y5 D8 }; `$ y 55. Social boycott
$ d3 E1 I) L6 Y Z- c* u) x 56. Selective social boycott
. l$ {, R. g3 r6 ?# a 57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ e) D" n4 H- S 58. Excommunication
4 v# c G3 q1 q& D 59. Interdict
( ]+ w$ L' a9 z8 j
# z, c, g/ T$ qNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: k" A3 P' d% K4 `, M* k8 {
60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 m0 C" A5 g5 A: `
61. Boycott of social affairs
: t0 D% S& @7 m, E5 ^ 62. Student strike7 F9 r+ l" p+ G' P
63. Social disobedience
, n& p2 H+ g2 `, T; { 64. Withdrawal from social institutions; ~& [8 H: [+ a) r. P6 q) C
! P& b1 b% x* d. q" T& Z8 c
Withdrawal from the Social System3 ~2 ~; ~! H( X
65. Stay-at-home
" f, S) s: d" T: M' ?1 z3 p) z 66. Total personal noncooperation/ j& j. T0 w/ m4 \$ Y
67. “Flight” of workers3 K; z* U7 m- }& V8 R' N2 Q
68. Sanctuary
1 J9 p! d* W$ z# M$ P 69. Collective disappearance
# m) ~' u% }6 E- Z# U% v6 Z1 s 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 K. a9 G+ l/ a/ w4 w6 P! X3 l/ {5 {' U) V/ Q' B. D$ `1 \
$ I) j+ N6 a# Y P0 |1 o0 @; ]% \
) j$ h$ `7 b8 YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 W* C% W. | x; \: k! W& h2 t& ^0 i$ _& n/ s8 M2 K5 ]
- ^; B- j, D- u$ V* p8 u5 d; j$ R
Actions by Consumers0 I, Y, t9 E0 d
71. Consumers’ boycott
: c+ [" [) G% m& ~( n' j 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" {' _. y; I; c
73. Policy of austerity1 U; [& A- [0 t U. p
74. Rent withholding5 U9 k0 B5 g* S6 _& P
75. Refusal to rent
6 o7 c7 \/ [6 W' O6 M1 \ 76. National consumers’ boycott2 t* M0 B* |5 C) A& _
77. International consumers’ boycott N( x8 d8 `5 ]/ I6 s
# L- J9 `# M+ z4 P G! |
Action by Workers and Producers$ a" U, t% c2 m" O% ~( Q% q
78. Workmen’s boycott
0 x: q* Z6 T+ _* y1 d) N& [3 f$ c 79. Producers’ boycott) u) X O3 F0 W t3 M, J' ?4 {3 a
3 Q5 I F1 Y) F& t+ L5 ~5 Y
Action by Middlemen
" ~& m; u0 a4 _ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ d9 i- t6 B" K* k% j* X s
* _% i; w# }' C, `5 LAction by Owners and Management _* y+ h9 S: P, w2 n; F Z7 Q
81. Traders’ boycott
7 l5 O N' ]# v1 ^; d+ s 82. Refusal to let or sell property, l+ \6 @; C1 v
83. Lockout
" f# ^( K" X& K* h* W& [2 U: G; \ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ S3 t- N1 S. c: Z 85. Merchants’ “general strike”) Q+ K. {, t- f2 a
- y3 R0 Y! {, [+ R) T9 {* {4 F! S& fAction by Holders of Financial Resources, _6 }% j( q+ ~: Z. Q: O9 W
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& L8 b7 q5 s6 q- g2 r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' D$ \1 N; J! G5 O7 h1 g 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
# b' P7 d& Q, W* {3 @$ C 89. Severance of funds and credit2 M0 c* T! n4 v8 D+ M6 n9 H( a
90. Revenue refusal
0 Y, X+ J5 D* }/ y' j! A2 c# C 91. Refusal of a government’s money7 N- b% z! q( d2 [$ v1 b
0 `/ ^: ]/ n* z% w- p# rAction by Governments+ J+ A9 Z7 r2 d( J/ u9 X
92. Domestic embargo5 I1 m J9 C( X1 {: F. u3 v
93. Blacklisting of traders2 p R7 D: G; A$ U
94. International sellers’ embargo5 w- L4 O6 z, e
95. International buyers’ embargo
. V& x @4 n( X2 _) b: C3 L' D 96. International trade embargo
0 S+ V M7 _6 B! h- Y; U m2 G
8 t. C2 `7 h! W 9 X1 w/ E7 ~" _ |
1 i$ W# i7 i6 _% ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
' z% m" P0 D/ c/ y! ?; J8 q* _6 i' c& ~; ]8 g( }; `
! v$ i j, k" |! |, m& ]# ^6 RSymbolic Strikes( A5 f$ J. T, c" u; I; h( U
97. Protest strike
+ I( ]' K! K' `9 e2 X 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, D+ M; w+ @6 g# }5 R8 X6 J0 `1 \7 R+ B, m
Agricultural Strikes F1 D* q, E6 W4 n- S" C3 ]
99. Peasant strike1 u8 a* i9 N* i7 o7 p$ U2 X9 A
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ Q% G4 P" y) \9 v! w# _. y; b
9 z8 ?1 T7 A7 D% q" I* }9 c: [/ rStrikes by Special Groups" f e8 [, ^1 b% N1 y" \
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 ?/ E% b9 h/ }! a8 T 102. Prisoners’ strike7 Q3 ~7 u+ ?. e4 I
103. Craft strike3 `# X" P% R3 I% p! \6 h, d
104. Professional strike
; ]% P6 i( G! _; O( S& |0 M a. u! G8 b" k9 U
Ordinary Industrial Strikes3 g8 u: x9 H/ P, |3 b& t
105. Establishment strike
- P* W! j" |6 K; o! y) B! s1 Z 106. Industry strike5 c. B% ?# I1 E) u
107. Sympathetic strike, y5 H3 F0 o; X; \9 v" y/ I
. F& Z$ N7 j. f8 j) HRestricted Strikes% Y2 a S+ ^) Y/ ?& p# r' b( ^
108. Detailed strike
& t6 z4 n" I0 n4 ], B |" m$ A- Y- F3 A 109. Bumper strike! h: x0 h' c/ ^ H6 e5 `! U, j( h
110. Slowdown strike
" s9 J' A1 e# V( e, ]" B4 T 111. Working-to-rule strike g- y; F, Z" F+ W/ l
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); U+ E9 Q4 u6 Y+ p5 B: P
113. Strike by resignation
" X7 x& ] t: d 114. Limited strike
: x) ]! i/ Q' ^& g9 z; j 115. Selective strike
) b% P" t! `$ D. s- b; R% A' Z) W/ h5 f b
Multi-Industry Strikes3 C6 V+ B+ e- |% w5 j9 p8 f( v" R
4 `+ T3 q# q% R9 G3 t( _
116. Generalized strike" A) J! g0 J- E
. W; X: l2 K. C& H4 B 117. General strike: l4 P$ q3 |( y- Y' q7 ~/ p5 `
1 E" q" e, `" e6 ~, [( f1 p' vCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures+ h' O3 L, E( ?1 k# E
% n1 I; \% p" D# m0 a4 ?
118. Hartal
- B: B4 E7 B$ M% _4 A/ j+ S& @7 ~6 ?4 ~ _3 J3 r9 S
119. Economic shutdown8 U* }( s* S) u! C0 }2 d! [7 g
9 [5 X+ Y; ~ `1 N6 W& R. Y' m$ ~
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 q0 c( R% I* G( g' `+ ^ 5 Y5 u6 T5 A9 C# l' s6 i: K
Rejection of Authority' u' A- `2 y: P% N' {/ x! S
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 x# p' S- g9 z" G- H 121. Refusal of public support
3 u- e) q% t! Q! w/ j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( v7 I$ ]2 _" Y4 e, Y7 j# ^
8 K8 f; Y+ F+ E3 T8 J$ lCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 y7 s0 r9 l/ x! v) l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 ]% p: b G' W! {+ N4 [+ i
124. Boycott of elections
/ Z( I8 I) P9 r: S; Q, w3 @ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ }: |* { b$ z% C* O1 j( Z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
& Y g: x$ v" i5 t5 v 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 I1 v7 i5 S% }9 k) Y; r
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations9 `6 Y9 Z2 Y7 E" B
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
; A' b& r4 H; [# m: u 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks3 j# U% f0 X7 `, r1 K/ j
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; j9 a& q5 y9 P+ I 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# q X' z+ q; \ K y' k; |6 N; c
2 I% h" C& i _ ?Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 U1 ]6 w& H' S+ q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, G% z* x+ @1 a0 ^0 Y& b" l 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' N* C9 o. e4 j7 i3 v
135. Popular nonobedience" d3 C6 m8 s/ i% i3 Z
136. Disguised disobedience* ?$ k1 k' }. ~' A0 }0 w8 ^
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
H( N7 X; \4 H2 i, T! s! d 138. Sitdown- V3 V o) L/ \& p3 d3 z- O* x4 w
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ S/ u; S* w3 R: r* q2 b% n$ s
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 \8 g2 A" h0 ~+ J
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 e: L" z8 H5 z; a& Z% R
3 P: u( j! u9 [" m Q& {( Z7 A
Action by Government Personnel
+ ]# K( e, V+ v1 H5 T/ ^. G 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 t: W" ^3 [1 P8 _
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! M Z) a1 \2 v7 _ 144. Stalling and obstruction
4 B% Y; E. O! V) k 145. General administrative noncooperation4 w4 P3 S$ R0 n
. I# f S' \6 Z" a+ x' Z 146. Judicial noncooperation6 L* P) \% q2 U' w4 |8 X- }
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- C8 x+ a/ u' I% M
148. Mutiny
+ i# X2 B- E8 n7 E4 {Domestic Governmental Action
1 [: O7 b* N% H' T1 g9 U4 i& ^ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# ?- B# M ]. ]# l d# F
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
- J7 |8 ~+ h2 S+ f* \
4 X: p! _# m& J8 |7 L) BInternational Governmental Action
% p" I" G8 S$ Q! Q" V 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 l, d6 B" L6 ~0 ]/ V6 e% P 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 M' A8 }) S4 h8 }! R6 \6 ~
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 E5 z& @8 b, f. A
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. n' A1 g. S! |& [" i5 t 155. Withdrawal from international organizations& L" O8 n+ B; T4 {7 |
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 x% Z& |, E. r& t# g! \+ u
157. Expulsion from international organizations& I% b8 v. z! Y* {
4 p" K- k. q# P% t- t# h* f
4 V; j) F. O* `! [8 E6 o1 h
/ P2 q3 I* k0 W1 OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 U: G. u; O9 V% l; T: y
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+ j$ ~0 F3 ]( Y; P
Psychological Intervention( X; h1 b0 N% d! m2 b. ]8 `' Y4 [
158. Self-exposure to the elements. o% s7 R" l2 `' {
159. The fast0 ]/ t! q* b: }* L! M$ b
a) Fast of moral pressure4 m5 T/ B, [- s
b) Hunger strike3 |8 l+ J( b; o( t2 u; P- O# {
c) Satyagrahic fast
& Q% l( \" ]9 e* [ 160. Reverse trial5 }+ f7 a: k( H" Q
161. Nonviolent harassment" j4 H2 H* w/ Q- K
' P" k" F* {' q& D% \6 L: P8 _
Physical Intervention
& F/ a7 _9 J+ h$ H, O( r7 L, J 162. Sit-in
# W: o* X& w/ z. [/ m 163. Stand-in: s" \8 S) H1 b2 j2 L
164. Ride-in+ h- I& E5 `% ?0 z. L' L% q
165. Wade-in
5 A. [$ ]5 G* l" c) V; d7 P8 k 166. Mill-in- M$ ?9 ~+ k0 @% T: a. S+ o! W
167. Pray-in
* q" I% h8 Q. K/ M8 k 168. Nonviolent raids7 i J8 H+ o8 F- z# Q
169. Nonviolent air raids, {" D7 G+ A* W0 h9 j4 Y3 e
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 L- _( A" ]8 U( p: Q. _' S6 y 171. Nonviolent interjection
' B+ [2 Q u( J+ u3 N2 [, ~) { 172. Nonviolent obstruction+ I! _( K0 j! o, K( D
173. Nonviolent occupation
7 {/ {! [+ z, N) j" ?4 B E `" Z! ?2 Z8 ^7 ~9 _0 z
Social Intervention
. A. h* N% y4 { 174. Establishing new social patterns
4 j8 Z- a* G2 I: ?7 ]0 a 175. Overloading of facilities
2 V+ {) F( P+ [4 \! n' K 176. Stall-in
! \1 M2 w$ P- L5 X$ A 177. Speak-in L; n. D: A1 M
178. Guerrilla theater5 ?* Q) g$ l6 l, {
179. Alternative social institutions7 d1 P, ~7 V N6 p( ~' j9 y' d+ @9 P) J
180. Alternative communication system
1 B: y* Q% {! U# U- l2 i G+ ?* c; q% @$ L
Economic Intervention0 I/ b, L; V4 f' I7 \6 d" w
181. Reverse strike
. I/ |! }4 T5 \ 182. Stay-in strike
$ M# U2 s! q5 l 183. Nonviolent land seizure
) e7 Q) u+ Y( I* b' o9 h7 O$ n 184. Defiance of blockades
* z7 Z) Z* q" D# ~$ P2 Q( V" S 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 j/ ?0 a6 p1 F3 \) C# q/ h
186. Preclusive purchasing; w5 v, A3 @* U$ X9 i
187. Seizure of assets
4 }+ j8 `. p& Y9 k5 E* ?0 y3 S 188. Dumping
$ q' m: R% N! t 189. Selective patronage1 t3 R! k& I. k
190. Alternative markets6 o: ]2 x( [) f9 {5 ^! j+ J
191. Alternative transportation systems( O7 G9 ~" x, d- n1 L
192. Alternative economic institutions# J3 _" F5 Z; O! `! s7 M3 l
; q( f. R1 Z6 d$ Y
Political Intervention1 m# b( J# L) j# S
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 @0 G1 O, r7 Q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
/ S( @" t2 G) G) u3 V 195. Seeking imprisonment
1 \+ a3 O( ], W' k% e/ A1 m5 g/ z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ e! K& J/ o( @ n* E8 ~
197. Work-on without collaboration
: z j5 z) M t/ Y) g 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: w2 D$ b# [, b# \& w
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
