 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 j* K2 `( k! y# [
Formal Statements
1 b8 s! ^. K6 V& k6 ^ 1. Public Speeches3 B& a6 j V- u' L* J3 s6 Y
2. Letters of opposition or support; g1 |! ]/ m' ?9 ]. z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
0 p& X" `! m1 f 4. Signed public statements
/ w# [; {% ?( G: f: C1 S 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& i r9 p; [: K" a" x9 m 6. Group or mass petitions6 K, J9 k+ Z% |; [
6 c: |5 B/ l- j w6 u' `! hCommunications with a Wider Audience
6 _- v- z% D, | @ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' H% J# F$ S C1 l+ a
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# A8 H; F% `, X% }( a# K9 ?/ l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, U' s9 q* Y9 v! M5 ?8 M6 @ K/ b- ]
10. Newspapers and journals* D, _, k, }. x+ l1 T4 ~
11. Records, radio, and television
, h6 b. X$ P$ a$ x7 i, W* c% M 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 F7 u$ ~+ g4 Y' H1 w% l* U6 D
9 ]; u) z( K [Group Representations
8 O. }( \- n* @. Q" ] 13. Deputations; O2 z2 F6 L; s" S$ M, q
14. Mock awards2 p# L7 a' R& [
15. Group lobbying
, Q$ z: h0 d- } 16. Picketing+ t6 V4 ?" P0 S9 E: ~
17. Mock elections
/ m6 S r! H) {6 H: ?+ b T! }+ H' J& S ]+ H( M
Symbolic Public Acts
! B' S [, A! L) `7 {" y1 v 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ m3 o0 s( t2 [7 Y/ P2 J+ H+ b, G
19. Wearing of symbols. X2 k* W6 O) e7 H# `4 C
20. Prayer and worship
, {9 ]& h F$ H+ g 21. Delivering symbolic objects% z1 Y# H, x. M/ l: v
22. Protest disrobings5 b, M! W, t5 ~
23. Destruction of own property
( }/ ?- `1 N5 S7 t1 K. z0 }% O 24. Symbolic lights
9 V7 x2 u0 r; ` 25. Displays of portraits4 U0 i+ V4 A% ?6 e8 u
26. Paint as protest, w K) v7 b0 {8 m$ r
27. New signs and names
9 k! ]7 h$ g) A% t9 a/ e) Y" i 28. Symbolic sounds# |. M, F; o' |# q9 ]- @; ] b
29. Symbolic reclamations
8 N( D3 s# F. g5 e 30. Rude gestures! c2 }6 Q( N# w6 a
5 ^: U4 A8 j& }1 K# I
Pressures on Individuals
* |( o' Z# g- Y. m# ?8 G) B' \% x 31. “Haunting” officials
2 v+ L! G( s4 F7 b: V0 {9 x* [" H 32. Taunting officials7 g' C2 o1 e- S/ d1 S
33. Fraternization. Z ?; d: s: O, r7 P
34. Vigils1 q" Q s( p! H2 t* x4 g: @7 ?
2 a, P/ a3 V) e: P
Drama and Music
9 T9 I' ^, {) u1 ` 35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ `- d% q/ @. Q& i6 w: c, j6 z 36. Performances of plays and music( p- h" E- a8 G: Z- H( T& ]
37. Singing# z& `7 u6 b7 v' E9 a. L
D$ x) G, z) u% d3 V. o0 K. AProcessions
$ N! w! d3 E5 W( f: Z 38. Marches
- p) G. @1 k$ g7 t 39. Parades( @( H4 Q. S) e; I [
40. Religious processions9 ^/ G+ d( B2 O. R2 ]' x
41. Pilgrimages
$ a5 u# z( Q* k, k1 j5 z 42. Motorcades. U. ]9 t$ I _% X1 ]
. k0 H9 {6 E% c! Z+ C- ~& G4 F" |Honoring the Dead
6 p$ W8 ?" H/ Y! C 43. Political mourning4 H/ l. F! f7 r( P8 v, l4 s7 O
44. Mock funerals
7 E. N; w/ I7 A0 Y 45. Demonstrative funerals- p+ g6 \9 C; B- {
46. Homage at burial places
$ Y" p7 ^- A* g" O2 `, m0 w+ [3 C3 G, G4 s+ N! f
Public Assemblies# e* P r _* }9 c6 y
47. Assemblies of protest or support3 I( p% c, a7 b5 i
48. Protest meetings8 a. a+ [5 U! { M
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest: o! s2 Z4 X4 A/ K
50. Teach-ins
8 g* v: I4 b/ J# z8 Q* D, j$ y( ^1 h7 T* }; N5 s' B0 c9 V$ u
Withdrawal and Renunciation, v# f# c) T) T# P
51. Walk-outs
' R y h/ f# |6 Y% r 52. Silence
+ ], {8 C& m$ L: n 53. Renouncing honors. |' Z- y" Y" ?. x
54. Turning one’s back
; H$ H4 ~! p( n) a% H$ m, V$ K$ A; \- \, x/ p
% j/ |+ y) k4 S( n/ a9 r9 S, p$ H$ o% K4 c' j# Y# F
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
7 f9 L7 h& ^+ t' j+ ]1 [9 j' X$ M* s8 H" h' K
5 \4 r6 W% O0 G1 v3 s
- J. ?. b% `3 k5 aOstracism of Persons, @) d# v, ]/ Y$ q8 G
55. Social boycott% }- g' V4 Y( Q: r d( o
56. Selective social boycott( }& m( i. s2 O% ~ b
57. Lysistratic nonaction6 N- V/ t9 B: K; L9 u" P5 w3 G7 k
58. Excommunication; N6 `9 J* c0 A
59. Interdict, K" a' g% C) y# r! n4 [" Y
1 |' M8 S8 I) b. m- DNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ h2 c; J0 C4 [% |/ E( a 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ m' K V0 R* _+ `; t' L& x6 h 61. Boycott of social affairs
' l# W9 I* e! Q/ _ 62. Student strike
) u# f; L/ X; T ^! k 63. Social disobedience
, F/ u, E( N0 i- {5 M: i1 R8 C; V 64. Withdrawal from social institutions- x8 {" D. t. V1 T. J. \
8 Q, `# \& P0 PWithdrawal from the Social System: w6 f+ H1 O3 D4 P
65. Stay-at-home
7 [: M" b# g, a- D% Y 66. Total personal noncooperation
* o# a2 S9 I7 n4 W 67. “Flight” of workers
; a% h; H( V7 v: { 68. Sanctuary, o( Q R& K% L8 b( _6 @1 f
69. Collective disappearance
2 h" l) S) n0 v( Q2 p, \ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" `6 [* Z G5 R$ |* o
& e) \- j# X5 D) B7 ]+ f: t3 d
/ V2 }7 m7 ^9 u/ p# f4 x
( p5 e( {, y- XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
0 P" C1 M. v8 m! X5 W9 U- K: t2 H. R! a+ f0 D7 Y+ w) v% ] j, M
9 |; U7 [! i% [. v+ }# MActions by Consumers e0 b0 ?+ Q* E3 \
71. Consumers’ boycott# ?+ J- t& M( h( }
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
( s7 M, H0 t" ]( a 73. Policy of austerity/ N4 O% S, v- b F6 C: l
74. Rent withholding
- d% d* R5 b) l8 B* [ 75. Refusal to rent; n# O c" n; v4 d
76. National consumers’ boycott6 o1 v% L2 x$ I7 z
77. International consumers’ boycott
% ]$ h1 K8 w" n( B8 u h
/ R5 j0 G7 U. fAction by Workers and Producers
% p& P1 R$ [+ ~1 H2 ]9 L" }1 { 78. Workmen’s boycott
$ X& ^* J+ F' u' k: ? 79. Producers’ boycott" u: H2 \& O( ?: G4 O
3 g6 w5 ?; h. y. J/ X [- a# o# fAction by Middlemen
3 m* A$ A& _' l# x Q' _ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 k% O! S5 V; T% x0 X$ A0 Z
8 ~1 r5 g7 L* c$ HAction by Owners and Management
7 Y$ ^* L7 x5 I% d& i0 k1 @ 81. Traders’ boycott
6 o; L. v2 _) Y6 `1 b 82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 A" {* s3 ?% w O: ^. e 83. Lockout
/ n' ~* Q+ Y5 f; ?- ^% Y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 t4 E* k& G: E- o 85. Merchants’ “general strike”( `1 w8 Z0 R0 j& {# x
$ o* P6 g4 Z2 [4 {0 D( K6 {
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
) x: r1 L0 ~$ B9 ^. I 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ p7 k9 R. s9 ? 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
f3 Z% q6 q8 e 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ l7 f9 N* c2 s) F+ K7 n# k
89. Severance of funds and credit
; f) K N/ S- A 90. Revenue refusal1 r5 W1 U) {2 |" v. V8 t: n
91. Refusal of a government’s money, S0 {( F" w0 c! ?% ]
& `: n6 C/ r) U1 U4 O1 m( cAction by Governments
4 K( f7 `% U* { 92. Domestic embargo7 L4 t6 |' L" v; |+ e! \ D# i
93. Blacklisting of traders
0 b1 W9 d8 _9 f* k7 Z; y7 \ 94. International sellers’ embargo' X# C/ t. S$ B/ i- t( g, b7 P
95. International buyers’ embargo
8 b, Z) b5 K6 l& t 96. International trade embargo) ?2 I T3 Z5 u5 s
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7 H; H1 a0 w: P0 V- Z( W% d
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 u* k* R% S Q
6 @4 S0 a0 Q B8 | M7 Q8 @
0 @5 O1 D( {$ b3 \Symbolic Strikes
7 V% c7 A6 R3 E5 [ h: S 97. Protest strike1 h8 {3 J6 k5 w2 e; _* K! L& T. j/ H
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- j. a+ G. J E" t8 H7 V2 U3 X
% O- w3 c% s7 Z+ c nAgricultural Strikes
/ A% l" p( b+ W, _) S, k* Q1 _ 99. Peasant strike
" @5 {7 {" g6 L2 G5 D: v" g 100. Farm Workers’ strike! v# Q# a: q6 h. ^
) f; f& n6 ^5 [: o: @ n
Strikes by Special Groups- L7 b5 f `" w5 r& O5 w8 f
101. Refusal of impressed labor
( e" q4 w7 f% w2 Q+ ^$ g, N 102. Prisoners’ strike9 z% N/ `$ f2 \: h; k7 m
103. Craft strike% \: F$ F8 I$ G( r/ Z0 p+ F; b
104. Professional strike
& e9 ?9 S6 u$ t2 l* v4 d8 C
$ u6 q( a9 w: Y: d+ v/ m% O, a0 aOrdinary Industrial Strikes
1 M/ D+ q) X1 v; d, Y" B% O 105. Establishment strike# \. `5 h' N8 h: L
106. Industry strike- F5 t0 u8 W/ v' j4 g
107. Sympathetic strike% c0 d; [5 ]7 [
7 p! l6 l& {; S: PRestricted Strikes# D' a3 m3 e2 Q. q* b7 N
108. Detailed strike6 f7 F' W1 M* u/ m/ @& f/ M
109. Bumper strike
. ^( e \6 ]3 O8 f3 X9 U% V+ ` 110. Slowdown strike
: m% P7 x$ u. A: W9 A* A& `* x& f 111. Working-to-rule strike8 J, _* @7 r7 q* Q. F, H5 i( g
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 H% T- _, B; s
113. Strike by resignation( ~2 ^: b: f* L9 g' Z+ C
114. Limited strike
5 B: d5 u) g6 V( e 115. Selective strike5 f( C0 S+ z; r
0 o: R7 x3 C0 }' B* q1 cMulti-Industry Strikes
6 N; b" V# c J. [+ G; k
$ W6 B0 z" e8 T 116. Generalized strike
5 \+ f( O9 Q% u1 P! R5 {. |" P
$ Y) d3 }; p& P% K- u, M9 ]/ n 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures% E4 V4 a0 }& [; i
' L3 B) X( y7 p7 \, [8 O
118. Hartal( Q! p! |! I% y3 D; S
, p, S+ x8 j$ |( M# L 119. Economic shutdown( K% C1 S, |3 _! N
# m" p5 L/ h$ S( A- J- ], D
/ @0 Z* K2 i, ^$ G& V6 \7 ]/ K- a; e' C: i5 }" }; y
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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$ w0 l" _; L/ b5 k! V8 z/ B1 gRejection of Authority
7 B/ X2 i p: i/ C% _* { 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
m) x; j" k7 r8 l: u 121. Refusal of public support; V1 }1 E P2 t. U- w
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ J* I* A1 z; O" y& D1 ?
* M5 a2 c- @1 q8 `+ z( [# {; qCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
! _) K8 |6 [. K& [) Z. G 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 D! i9 z H) I" m 124. Boycott of elections3 g# r2 e! M1 {
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, H4 p2 e: N# c7 p& u 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' j b. _# a% n6 z. S! n7 T
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 c" R6 R# C! d" w2 A" }3 L 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- p9 l4 M. @; F8 t2 Y5 |
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 P; {0 g+ x" g' U" R i 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks W& `/ [% h" w3 i. @
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& |* @: W: |9 F
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 ~1 D7 r0 `% g5 z9 M) I6 L' A y$ r' J- X, G% J
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* ?4 M# C* E A. W/ h 133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ e2 i5 W @* z! T
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision6 |* I8 r+ V* g' s2 S; u, O
135. Popular nonobedience" Y* E5 J: r* V+ {/ a2 L3 s$ Z5 e
136. Disguised disobedience! f7 t4 A7 K4 _6 v% @
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
- g5 U+ ~8 X/ \0 ^* \ 138. Sitdown8 E& D: [$ J8 Q. R9 V5 j; y) c
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& C3 `# d n* q7 k6 f
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities" A9 P8 i. m0 Y9 t- T
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 ^0 p/ Z7 p8 ~( f! v1 g
2 D) L+ d9 P& J( i/ kAction by Government Personnel
: g+ e1 K9 z x 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 \+ T* R3 p3 v1 @ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 g% H/ A. W. N& F 144. Stalling and obstruction
, m3 R) i" b% l# b5 b7 o5 s 145. General administrative noncooperation( U. [" N0 R" Z# l# F- E
8 c: d3 e, k) W) } 146. Judicial noncooperation
) {0 l/ ?# b3 K; h* S5 A 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents5 k3 ]5 K8 h! d' C: ]0 k) O0 Y. R
148. Mutiny& w$ a* i1 l; N/ G1 Z
Domestic Governmental Action
/ Y- y6 Z8 P x9 p$ p) S: I+ ^% O 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 j% d. U0 g# }( k4 L
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. [- l5 c* H, v% q p$ J9 v
2 K! \' I2 v& |1 U8 Y, ~# kInternational Governmental Action
& L! S0 F6 p n6 ?( O# { 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations @- } U# T' I& i9 c9 i9 g
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 k8 m% }0 n* _. N: _/ j$ }7 p- O& U2 l 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
) F; n' b5 c" `! M+ u 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" o* x4 A. v, U8 D1 h& L3 f1 v- u 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: i8 w/ S1 T [* J& M% t. ~ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' S! O. A4 Z% O/ M9 V8 Y; |) m9 x 157. Expulsion from international organizations
% h+ R9 ~9 R: v: N3 o9 \8 m/ r1 u& G# f* _1 F5 T7 l
& s2 Q: W" Y3 |5 x$ \) J9 E
5 M: `$ F" T$ K- }5 P: `; uTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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( b/ @% F5 F2 i3 D6 O/ B9 KPsychological Intervention4 p' S! O' v( P0 o2 `" Y* T. _
158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ [/ A# \" C, y* u: ` 159. The fast) x) B. N- K( C" W6 e' h4 n! O! H
a) Fast of moral pressure
4 u3 }3 O0 i8 T, @' v b) Hunger strike
9 c: B+ j _, I1 }* |. w c) Satyagrahic fast! _- B& R9 p$ J% ]& c l' |* I
160. Reverse trial
& v! c; \, V. G 161. Nonviolent harassment- S- M0 x% T9 M- P
5 S Z4 n1 y: Q, l5 V9 Z
Physical Intervention" N7 C! z" g/ l# g1 |3 r. D3 [
162. Sit-in B3 H. I. X: W) R; D
163. Stand-in
9 ]) t2 u3 o M) z, i8 H7 ?. Q n 164. Ride-in) E$ \! ^, l3 E, B) Z
165. Wade-in; B# |0 W7 E9 L& f% a
166. Mill-in
7 P$ a+ v9 X) t 167. Pray-in/ e7 q+ P% B7 g# G+ m. J( L
168. Nonviolent raids
! S4 H' X1 S- o 169. Nonviolent air raids- \0 s3 K# w/ O9 W' u
170. Nonviolent invasion
) o( O2 Q1 R8 f 171. Nonviolent interjection1 }4 `* L* W, j. [
172. Nonviolent obstruction: a! n4 o. s: v7 f$ `0 X6 Q! U
173. Nonviolent occupation3 j2 ^. b0 f% {+ O
5 Z5 G R0 |) n6 KSocial Intervention
, }3 n0 Q* p* ~: z! y- X$ Y) N 174. Establishing new social patterns) t2 N0 g: w" K, v. \
175. Overloading of facilities
; P7 y, B4 R' T i+ Q. u 176. Stall-in5 ?- x+ J. G" O9 {/ S
177. Speak-in
. o2 T# e% ?, L7 F& a 178. Guerrilla theater* R3 t z `5 F2 U
179. Alternative social institutions- E4 j( V$ m' `
180. Alternative communication system
" ?. @4 ~+ H! e. D5 [0 F+ L; ]7 e' v- _- [
Economic Intervention
3 \" Z# }+ H3 r( A 181. Reverse strike1 y. h: C) ?, T% X- s9 } D
182. Stay-in strike4 I" {8 H9 \" Y- |% G
183. Nonviolent land seizure
* T% A0 M8 J# p( R- j/ b2 _0 W 184. Defiance of blockades" h9 U- Z1 `9 K
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
0 q9 f& o9 c+ e% y9 d 186. Preclusive purchasing
2 `7 a3 j g2 T 187. Seizure of assets& b) N' G7 o4 ^" K, i& B
188. Dumping2 A0 ]) j& A" I" r* u( t2 G0 H+ t& n$ {) ]( ]
189. Selective patronage
! P9 b! H% o" G, a) E6 d 190. Alternative markets
: l1 @" N Q' M5 v- A# v% X, q 191. Alternative transportation systems
1 e' }" p& h; G) N) o& C 192. Alternative economic institutions1 a# d- d- r$ N8 U, g3 h$ I$ H" [
+ w c& ?# E- r* `+ ePolitical Intervention/ d8 q4 i% N1 [6 r" ?- E6 h: {9 N& c# a
193. Overloading of administrative systems
. P* ?( }, H0 l6 V 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 Y+ K% e" f7 Z# a" \+ G9 z+ g
195. Seeking imprisonment
& L' s1 [6 m0 _: i% O% Q 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! |6 k, v7 t' @
197. Work-on without collaboration: I( A% P8 a; s: X
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 w2 P+ b6 e+ I. }6 h7 s
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
