 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 T* e- L% P! t s# Y1 Z
Formal Statements0 Y: p+ g9 f( ?; b4 {9 M
1. Public Speeches% U) T) n( m) v( M7 x3 b" s1 A
2. Letters of opposition or support
' O5 \# E0 k) Q- @, x/ C: L 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 c: h8 o* }3 B& U! a 4. Signed public statements# M1 m( Z( @3 A/ U# Y' ?
5. Declarations of indictment and intention- R7 x# C, K9 ?4 v. A6 ?& h. Q6 ?
6. Group or mass petitions
4 O4 e7 F3 U4 Y; A. C
, M% a- o: r# `9 n8 m5 n8 B0 g2 yCommunications with a Wider Audience' a' o }$ W' O! P4 C8 K
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 v$ W% c" m; r) N: T 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications U4 x7 _$ B. r# a: e2 ^
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
4 i6 `( F' v, W; A0 x5 O+ u 10. Newspapers and journals: m P p8 G) M& O3 E% ~
11. Records, radio, and television
! C/ D& q! u4 s( G 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. r! ~% V/ Y2 @+ L2 t9 T
" K& O E" y0 `% U- P" H# PGroup Representations& |" w( Z' N3 N, U/ C4 O
13. Deputations% B) U9 ^! F. V5 y' v& H
14. Mock awards
& F( I: r. _+ Y# I! x+ q& b% K 15. Group lobbying& C' E9 u7 ?5 ?) p
16. Picketing) a$ [0 |' A7 \) X) k
17. Mock elections
6 |' W$ x% i) `, Q5 T; c, E* @, w* p/ ^& h
Symbolic Public Acts: S, y! ? S- M q$ @# G
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ h. v( ^# C0 G
19. Wearing of symbols
+ z% K* j1 t9 @9 e$ Z' B) @0 D 20. Prayer and worship6 @6 E J6 M+ G" `: \
21. Delivering symbolic objects
( Q/ J$ j! x4 G1 w7 V6 A, U( x, M* E) x 22. Protest disrobings
: y C. G# b9 v: B6 ^$ ? 23. Destruction of own property
9 @, K' u2 T* l' q 24. Symbolic lights- A+ A/ P3 O( H4 A
25. Displays of portraits
( W1 K# j P: p3 R, X1 j 26. Paint as protest: G: U/ R8 @/ B2 G, x7 m2 B9 ~7 o& g
27. New signs and names
' |7 Y! U) ~7 l# _' I' C& r 28. Symbolic sounds2 W! h9 P( }- Q9 a% o6 l% H4 W9 V
29. Symbolic reclamations
; p0 S( {- @/ j( K: T) \+ d 30. Rude gestures
3 c0 M* b$ j+ F" B
. Y- |/ Z( a" c. O9 R4 O2 PPressures on Individuals
8 y4 }: h; f4 q3 D 31. “Haunting” officials
, t, p+ S' h- d8 i! i 32. Taunting officials
Q5 |3 w+ w7 ?! a( V) T1 b# q- l 33. Fraternization: t g, f& q: @0 f, w+ Z
34. Vigils
' T5 o6 G8 G5 ]4 X" H7 W- a( {1 @3 |& s; s
Drama and Music y0 _: C! O" O- f& J
35. Humorous skits and pranks3 f4 x8 I/ e- l5 y& q7 z, t
36. Performances of plays and music
8 X) Z+ f* t6 J, p9 k" t 37. Singing& G! v _/ e; h# S, @- {( s
; I' `- U9 x" p) Y" W% I
Processions
" w+ _4 [) _# V+ l @: T 38. Marches& ^6 h' F0 ^3 D( S8 B
39. Parades' z$ _ ^+ P: |& a! `, l! n
40. Religious processions
9 v4 e* R1 B9 I X1 X/ L 41. Pilgrimages0 R+ i4 V. ~" `" U+ Z6 e& X
42. Motorcades& }9 P, ~+ q& F# ^
f2 P0 P8 z* e% T+ z/ j# x+ w$ G, ~
Honoring the Dead
1 U/ l* t: ?0 x1 O; h3 i$ I$ N7 V( e 43. Political mourning) w7 H# |8 J6 Q1 j( O% ~
44. Mock funerals: }- j N$ U$ J0 ~7 i
45. Demonstrative funerals# A- A% a# m2 O: q6 R, e
46. Homage at burial places
! B8 m5 P/ {& S+ o# z( R( k
4 M: q: M. T7 E% W* D; q0 wPublic Assemblies
3 i+ U/ K N g" H4 v) L7 M+ w 47. Assemblies of protest or support, I+ }" `5 V5 f7 e
48. Protest meetings3 u2 c3 _8 u' C0 \: _8 ?
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 c1 a6 V. Q8 T, v5 L) E 50. Teach-ins# ?7 b- F! |% s
2 f- j1 x8 _% K, C0 S- x
Withdrawal and Renunciation/ P# s0 D: P3 J: I2 W0 I; X2 w
51. Walk-outs q# f; E+ X% H. v$ l$ x
52. Silence; t! T. \ _9 w7 O6 T
53. Renouncing honors) e/ W }4 b, d+ l3 H: E
54. Turning one’s back* r2 t" K( A2 K6 ?. b
% `8 C+ O2 c! q! I( L4 T
6 \. U7 S" N, x/ f, d# a% M- B3 G7 N, H3 K
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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7 h) S# L" j& c& n4 Y0 v. c: Q5 j
7 z0 j, H& y* k: F1 C" @9 X2 T1 {7 u3 f
Ostracism of Persons
0 Z& c; Z8 V1 A% j* w4 G, b 55. Social boycott
& `8 P; o$ o" [$ U7 Q4 I 56. Selective social boycott2 D4 k' d( n5 g, ?7 h
57. Lysistratic nonaction* }( D* B3 l8 t5 B/ M) [! E
58. Excommunication& p) _! \8 F: i i
59. Interdict
7 L& C9 O% r: K& p" s8 w& Z
( |4 B+ z4 J/ m. }Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! {/ v5 @) M! m 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& o7 w" J) d% X8 r 61. Boycott of social affairs% u( Z0 z3 W/ l
62. Student strike y* ]2 a$ Y( P( F$ u
63. Social disobedience- Z9 ^5 c6 b8 N' h) K% c
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) j/ `5 O5 |$ r4 l6 A5 N* u+ M6 N0 B3 e( f+ J7 K0 B1 c
Withdrawal from the Social System8 P. v$ R6 M% C( K/ @
65. Stay-at-home
) d, b% A4 r) n1 O& ?* Z 66. Total personal noncooperation w7 h$ L- E3 N' g' X$ ~
67. “Flight” of workers
3 k9 o/ b% M7 h& ` 68. Sanctuary
+ n; B+ c/ n8 G4 U, R 69. Collective disappearance
1 ]' O- T& |$ A5 n; j 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 a; y, a2 Q+ ?6 W0 H( D
) o/ Z4 D8 K6 o1 [, r- i) X
5 I4 D$ J# L' y! j7 B" P, z) i" Z' z
+ Y% t# Z- q) U8 A$ R0 HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
' V, Y* V2 v. A" i. ~6 U6 p) e% |8 e% b9 ~. a. W7 G7 K
6 L6 |" g8 g/ j, h' y1 w$ Y& Z) z
Actions by Consumers# m2 u% ?6 w% [4 M' V8 W7 f4 y
71. Consumers’ boycott
3 \3 q* Y5 I$ o- I 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 J" O7 V' A, ]4 T! Z/ V 73. Policy of austerity
; N% L9 `) J6 B4 q# z6 c* M 74. Rent withholding" `3 S. j7 l- v0 ?2 w
75. Refusal to rent
# |( K6 n$ t5 F' S& e) G 76. National consumers’ boycott
. y! k8 l4 X7 V$ |/ U1 x 77. International consumers’ boycott
/ O& D. _9 B4 K0 v5 r7 @ ], O3 R* r9 c, p1 Y6 I* v% y
Action by Workers and Producers
+ a8 Z, f- X J# { 78. Workmen’s boycott3 u7 D2 D, G8 x
79. Producers’ boycott# B5 Z7 C, `+ l6 M* e1 g
8 ~5 n7 G6 `. C4 y8 Q k# o6 O
Action by Middlemen
/ B* B5 ~; [- I" V4 j 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ {0 I0 R6 [; y5 E" |# R% r. q( C2 o$ B. g
Action by Owners and Management
. G6 i) o' M! E( W4 m, [) `. u" K 81. Traders’ boycott- `- W; K9 ?2 ?( K
82. Refusal to let or sell property7 w) m( ?# A( [! H) L
83. Lockout
; N1 ?4 a+ z( ` 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 F0 ]1 s4 w5 G 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ l4 I0 k' T0 w& U$ Z3 v9 F$ Y" Y; w
Action by Holders of Financial Resources, d' r3 K& g6 e3 t, y0 S5 Z- C! L3 I
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) |! y( r3 j8 y. o( h3 K5 z/ M 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 x2 `! S6 [, m6 B$ Z) @
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 { ^4 x! N3 } 89. Severance of funds and credit
3 ^2 o) @& E' d3 T% j" } 90. Revenue refusal
3 k1 k' K3 y4 K3 i: [3 {# a 91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ P; _# n( W; K6 n" K! X+ U
4 F( D1 G+ s: Q+ K) z' G2 X: VAction by Governments
' T E( P$ g$ I0 S% v6 B3 \ 92. Domestic embargo* M' f6 w/ z( z0 w
93. Blacklisting of traders# q) u9 G/ b! C) [) I/ ~
94. International sellers’ embargo2 y5 k6 ]+ ^- v) ^4 s$ C$ k. V- h
95. International buyers’ embargo4 t5 v9 Y$ S& N) @+ {; I5 I
96. International trade embargo
+ [) E& |: ^' e- S, d& A. b H: \4 N$ F
8 I: r2 d) c. S6 H- N
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 z: C5 I, j, N) L
0 Q% m" @! s( z7 y+ q+ S 9 Q& s8 u6 [$ L- |' g/ i
Symbolic Strikes' L0 ^4 M+ h6 h. v! I2 M& l
97. Protest strike' _0 j3 V) M& E+ M, ^
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ z0 R/ o l% e! }6 ?2 [0 y5 J
; ^" {8 N/ s1 `: K. u+ I2 a
Agricultural Strikes4 A! f, o8 \3 j
99. Peasant strike& x/ m6 X8 ^) f0 L' h7 d
100. Farm Workers’ strike' ^2 s5 ]- Y' m9 H
. P$ C/ z( H4 o. l2 a, l1 e
Strikes by Special Groups
. N+ ~( w; ? M- Z/ u/ ~ 101. Refusal of impressed labor7 B9 G$ v: I7 e+ ~' A6 ]- H
102. Prisoners’ strike
1 X8 j# H1 K- N! E7 _6 |7 s 103. Craft strike
: {/ \" ~ ^2 O0 W$ g$ i$ D$ { 104. Professional strike
; x; _9 t8 ~2 \& z# U9 ]
3 N1 f) x1 y5 r, K: t( ]1 P" pOrdinary Industrial Strikes! K0 e+ X% h2 _# a+ D
105. Establishment strike0 M* D0 A, f; R8 Y( r0 T# d! U ~
106. Industry strike' N _! G' y* J
107. Sympathetic strike
W+ u5 T- a. v& ?' @5 f) W! x8 x" ~. d( J$ \
Restricted Strikes
% n* U" {' G4 c: K0 c( m 108. Detailed strike& |+ A: M- M4 X) U
109. Bumper strike9 c; G a/ ~: W6 ^8 g4 h1 u
110. Slowdown strike5 s; Y. o2 k, n) X- [
111. Working-to-rule strike
t) f- L2 Z: H4 O' p s 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 \- Y" N) R/ p; k6 C* K 113. Strike by resignation
0 h% _7 ?$ J" b3 q/ B 114. Limited strike, Y* ]( _- q4 u/ f: {! W
115. Selective strike: h {0 Z3 Y0 z! h5 f' E: ^' _8 o
2 d, i$ S6 ]8 l* q j4 P2 \
Multi-Industry Strikes+ q, X' u: z/ q' f
0 m5 f t5 c0 M9 c1 ] 116. Generalized strike
! Y) |# J2 V0 S! Z7 m( l5 |) O* p
117. General strike' m! |6 B( V. f( A
7 ^$ `0 }; {( P5 c" L" BCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 P3 z! h2 Y9 L
4 E- @8 u1 N0 g$ I0 g
118. Hartal5 V. i! D3 P3 o4 Y m1 ~ U. f' z
2 v* h4 y' f# W* P 119. Economic shutdown
% B) v/ ^8 H9 Q- W* Y4 w {0 ~% q/ C7 D
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" z' d5 N9 a. |. m2 aTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
2 c% C5 e* h6 H
6 I* b, C+ v4 l: v1 n6 _ . N0 N: W" |, `) y! p
Rejection of Authority$ c3 c! N4 ?5 S) R- H; x
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance. s- ^% g& {' | C$ q3 h. F" D
121. Refusal of public support
/ C R" |# F' q/ f: Z 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% e; r+ D1 }8 A' n2 G7 v5 U
0 L2 M. S: ~8 I2 n9 `, `$ F: @) d
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ l- l7 E. L! s9 g* q 123. Boycott of legislative bodies M5 A! ~0 d, X: L) Z% [
124. Boycott of elections7 r9 V2 ?4 d X
125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 s' e* w. S: q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) d. M0 }& y+ @+ [# x( m" ~
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 `/ i9 h n& Z# c5 L; J( a 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: f6 Z: K# l: W( w V% X0 Y% w2 H
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 c" H$ M; D( P N! ~& \, g
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 s" l' ` A H9 E: S( w) A 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ Z* F" a2 E0 o+ |3 @4 E 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
" c9 m! E, p& m5 Q
- F) d7 V: B% I2 S' R; E9 p8 VCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 p- X2 B0 ?# v& y6 Z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& N2 i5 \* l. o6 k' {6 J 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 W: c3 C, h6 G& m) r& D! T
135. Popular nonobedience
$ @& J: G1 V, d4 {3 v3 ]- ]2 \ 136. Disguised disobedience; I; U5 F* t+ w- X. N8 f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. I6 J: Y5 w6 K5 u 138. Sitdown0 y- l5 |/ p4 {2 f( o6 C
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
l A l( S) C! t 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 Q. X% x6 P; a, w- r- ~
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( M8 G0 T% S' \4 T" D) Z
( Q, D; V! k6 _) a7 I& _# C
Action by Government Personnel- J1 p8 h+ l# F) ?( i) Z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 O$ ]& }- t2 h+ M* _/ t4 h/ l 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
, x' _0 t3 m; v6 z1 N/ s r 144. Stalling and obstruction
1 M6 e/ E3 b8 Q: F/ Y& D$ B! ]# X 145. General administrative noncooperation
B% c& K9 k% e# Y9 ?2 Q8 G i6 l% R
146. Judicial noncooperation" t9 h4 R1 U4 a% N
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- i. @+ l1 M- x W& b0 K
148. Mutiny
9 A; g7 F8 E2 w2 N5 ZDomestic Governmental Action
+ i( o- O& z. D; X+ A7 p4 k V 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% S" Z1 ?9 K! K; o 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! y I1 a6 ?6 N4 s: Q q* h' `) D
International Governmental Action* W7 m& |; a- }, _$ _8 c2 t" B. [
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 t+ Y' ^2 R9 k3 j
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 ?0 l5 o6 k& y& C
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
" z2 u! c5 `1 I- l 154. Severance of diplomatic relations; H" h4 b% L2 I7 d7 c
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, ^0 R! {. Q B; \) E0 { 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
& f! {4 M# |. v7 } k 157. Expulsion from international organizations
; T+ x; {: G9 T6 Z' X; m: z
, y3 t: a/ X3 q
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% B2 W2 {; p& Y% R6 V) M+ VTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
; x8 q+ J3 ^" L3 {8 I$ Q B h! y5 W4 @$ E
, Y5 `0 C; ]+ z9 z$ t% |( u/ |0 dPsychological Intervention: O2 V* p# g: A0 A( g
158. Self-exposure to the elements2 P: P" @% K$ L0 m
159. The fast' v) Q8 r0 C: }( n
a) Fast of moral pressure
/ s# X4 f+ t# ~0 U4 G/ ^7 ]; ?9 T b) Hunger strike
$ e6 X, A% U& t; ~: J5 ~ c) Satyagrahic fast; y3 f" b1 m8 p" R( w! A( f
160. Reverse trial, q( s' `$ z. t, r- t
161. Nonviolent harassment
% R# T0 i4 a. \1 o1 B+ G4 j) T9 ]! F# m: L1 h/ ]
Physical Intervention8 X5 V& R+ j+ [8 i, c& I. T. q
162. Sit-in7 @7 l8 j6 L) w' e6 O7 B
163. Stand-in' O+ J( s# }3 d) s, E9 f
164. Ride-in6 Z1 `9 \; u' y2 t9 `/ ^: P4 r
165. Wade-in
: e; q7 g, w+ Z8 J9 a 166. Mill-in( c5 S" ]: W1 K0 h, e
167. Pray-in
5 J) I1 e1 H, m 168. Nonviolent raids" I+ v) S& m/ U3 o( Q4 i& z5 G
169. Nonviolent air raids
1 h& {' T, }4 q, X" C 170. Nonviolent invasion1 ~6 K* P' h1 R7 X( J6 b- I; s% f0 T
171. Nonviolent interjection
6 W, T i) m1 J; W7 P* b7 S 172. Nonviolent obstruction3 H4 m1 H ^- O$ l5 {% k
173. Nonviolent occupation
% h G! w* r5 k$ i- s8 N g/ m7 U. x! u3 H) c' D1 Z8 q- ?
Social Intervention7 S |' p8 c6 |3 J, a z
174. Establishing new social patterns
* U$ ?1 f+ a) }: @2 B- p 175. Overloading of facilities% d/ I: o; ?- @) v, Q3 X, W! ]
176. Stall-in
5 }4 a. o* _0 X) J) K1 b1 a$ [ 177. Speak-in' q; L$ H, B$ K) C. g. P5 [4 e
178. Guerrilla theater
% N8 q( Y3 }" m 179. Alternative social institutions( {- z. ^. e: M+ Z% ~9 F3 u' e
180. Alternative communication system
4 ~1 Q, ~) [9 D# }7 W9 O! `' b6 B; a1 ^6 \
Economic Intervention
' ?# k+ x" k4 x8 U3 K& H+ G 181. Reverse strike
! c. y+ l( R7 y9 e: N 182. Stay-in strike- i- }- L6 L2 i- n# K1 B) W
183. Nonviolent land seizure/ {8 R# d: ], s; P
184. Defiance of blockades
4 O X" ~" S! d/ V) _) C* G9 z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
$ X- ~) V# C/ B6 {3 ^ 186. Preclusive purchasing1 x- h; ]" x6 L8 {. j0 B
187. Seizure of assets
! E, ?. Z1 I2 a$ L$ M 188. Dumping
! B+ q5 O4 P6 r7 ^' J% f$ ] 189. Selective patronage7 J8 v) q! L5 Z+ U# A6 ^' C0 m
190. Alternative markets5 X& K. s5 d. r/ @6 E/ R* ]* \
191. Alternative transportation systems. A. @. @" \. B, c# x. }2 o
192. Alternative economic institutions) A$ _& N* J8 ]1 t. p2 A5 C
$ m% K9 Z! ^; O: x0 P8 v+ t4 n* VPolitical Intervention
* o+ i6 B$ s* {9 p: M 193. Overloading of administrative systems6 g* U) g! y$ |* v/ R5 U
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents* P: B+ `4 t0 L( {
195. Seeking imprisonment+ t1 D% A$ L m
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' c# u' L3 f% h; p$ Z9 |& h, s
197. Work-on without collaboration% r6 a+ O3 G% K! r3 [0 a
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
