 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( x# P7 G* O* J" }* G: S: `
Formal Statements7 V" S+ b( e: x8 `8 l& J
1. Public Speeches- n& z5 `2 Q( Z7 a
2. Letters of opposition or support0 V4 }+ |7 M- t8 z/ `
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& l% c1 V0 G `- Z. Y 4. Signed public statements2 c, v: h6 O- i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 m. U0 h; x* `$ G+ G% ~* k' y2 c 6. Group or mass petitions
4 ]7 J' o& \) T8 e5 o
n- }- Q' i7 [# D. R% m w5 p: j% TCommunications with a Wider Audience
) I3 L$ N1 G" r3 G9 Y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
( E9 ?% s' n' Y' q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 A, [2 V; _, @' t( d+ B/ u
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ n# b* V' n' _" [% @4 A
10. Newspapers and journals
`" j8 h/ w. {0 C 11. Records, radio, and television
! `; y3 a" V9 f; ? 12. Skywriting and earthwriting* J7 u1 ?7 G7 u
0 f* j1 D8 e2 J' P- W
Group Representations! a# Q9 U7 C3 o! x2 R% P' u( Z# @( c
13. Deputations
) z9 J- g0 Y6 N. y$ k5 ^# X4 q 14. Mock awards" f/ x% x% A. n; o
15. Group lobbying
* u2 b' s$ H* v0 Q6 {/ l 16. Picketing
! X8 {) {9 {- Z$ |+ y3 f" v6 G 17. Mock elections
4 P8 o- u5 s; Q; z) p Y9 v3 B& ?+ ]9 B" r, S
Symbolic Public Acts
" p. v$ V$ w+ F1 D- \. E2 ] 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors* e3 l- ^/ H" _( _" E# P
19. Wearing of symbols9 _+ H y6 w1 e& F) U+ m; C. W c2 }4 \
20. Prayer and worship
+ F" Y# M2 O6 ~3 W' o 21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ ^+ y% f: \7 u, {" |2 M% q 22. Protest disrobings
. B# v# l( f9 u1 J 23. Destruction of own property
y' m5 p9 ^3 Q q# x 24. Symbolic lights
# ?0 C% a/ O2 j: M 25. Displays of portraits
1 v& v, N; b$ C/ a; ] 26. Paint as protest
% D/ y$ F3 K, x& j z8 c/ d 27. New signs and names
8 d; ? b! ?1 v- D! F( J: B 28. Symbolic sounds
3 P6 Z. U. y5 W! d2 d1 X1 J" N8 x 29. Symbolic reclamations- x( \- e/ {- O. z" ^- `1 n
30. Rude gestures' \3 V; C# N6 |' V5 z1 f2 ?+ ]- T
5 z. E4 ]3 A3 g$ n7 E. k/ oPressures on Individuals
8 E. |- i1 O. z B1 M1 y 31. “Haunting” officials
1 b1 K# q* S5 ^0 e7 i 32. Taunting officials# C; y$ a2 w! g' w
33. Fraternization
" q& k2 Q w9 l 34. Vigils9 S7 I" J, T; @: Z
/ e, R. S) J2 R! }
Drama and Music
( }. _. x2 L1 B/ D. g* U5 I9 Z 35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 e- v7 j% U+ G% O0 ?# F 36. Performances of plays and music
# |6 X, v) {1 u u6 w; q 37. Singing7 j: m8 [% q* O: Y& V
. W# M4 ^# J2 _' ]Processions( S+ V9 E2 D1 [5 A0 h
38. Marches8 a1 L% T% B4 H: g5 o
39. Parades
/ }8 K$ p# j; N8 ~- L- ? u* W 40. Religious processions
0 e9 _$ G3 s7 J) [* w 41. Pilgrimages- s# y! b5 D$ {' }
42. Motorcades: v$ Z! T! q4 K$ r7 f7 c) l/ s
7 d4 G" D, C: s" l' E$ j2 M& W
Honoring the Dead
& B; f8 F _# N( i) g 43. Political mourning) R; K# A7 |& ]
44. Mock funerals
1 R! ?! N* v) n3 ^6 h 45. Demonstrative funerals
4 U& U5 G# f E' g6 V 46. Homage at burial places
2 v% r F; d3 J( d) |* F
, s- l, U( g5 u4 T: b* @& TPublic Assemblies
: v2 i, V+ W U6 X; ^ 47. Assemblies of protest or support* N5 e/ D# S [3 S* ]0 @4 D& J% g
48. Protest meetings
G" R8 _" W2 L 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' x' h7 u+ Y2 _3 f$ N
50. Teach-ins4 L) M) h0 e5 _9 Q2 C# ~* S$ H
2 O9 S7 U7 d$ t; F7 Y d% nWithdrawal and Renunciation% G: R! Y( R' ]- m. d8 g2 T
51. Walk-outs% z! r1 K; j. G( k F0 D
52. Silence
; O( O5 q: P* s" ^0 g 53. Renouncing honors+ X7 `2 J7 h, f' D0 q3 K
54. Turning one’s back
% N0 v$ F0 T+ N
+ _6 {( q8 W3 ^* D& Y, r, n5 e0 G 1 b" z' x" q' U! d1 K
; ]8 ]5 P1 t5 h" n# A
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
& L9 q0 D) m2 b: A
4 k {; s, m: Z, z+ }4 Q- \9 J! a , ]: V$ h! l. [" Y# U- t+ G
1 K- _$ Q' d9 n, d+ `
Ostracism of Persons- U( U% G5 ^; x! K. K* _1 ~
55. Social boycott
6 n9 [) u- O3 x 56. Selective social boycott# g, x5 r$ R, {' e1 L8 Z
57. Lysistratic nonaction
( a6 x$ h( E# D/ ^+ |8 q( r# E 58. Excommunication
1 B5 A. U1 y' D$ I n 59. Interdict4 t0 W# w Q/ m- `: c5 v
{/ K: a" s6 q% U9 ~" W0 @& K0 \1 |
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% j; |9 r- b9 b( y, _9 W" ~+ y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# }5 {& h) k; X' ~) s7 z 61. Boycott of social affairs
( A% O# Z" k3 t. b+ p r: E4 z 62. Student strike
& X# t$ V$ [2 Z# I' |$ ?" E 63. Social disobedience
6 j! z J, v7 T+ Z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 m! z }2 Z. b8 d# A. w
- j$ I! \9 Z/ i8 @
Withdrawal from the Social System
: x8 I& U: }3 U3 g& r1 X3 y3 V% l5 V 65. Stay-at-home$ {& s) ~* [2 H
66. Total personal noncooperation2 T* @5 T" p0 S; z M- j" j3 s5 h
67. “Flight” of workers
! I Y' m: }+ K% U0 L- Z 68. Sanctuary# {5 I2 r1 s+ M+ ~1 C5 D
69. Collective disappearance- s- K3 x2 Z% A! _
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
" @" V( {8 J3 J5 q+ ~ y* d- j7 I2 a2 E; W: R' _& g: ^
$ I9 Y& u: `% s& V1 _5 a7 s+ {+ ?4 g4 H% m1 P4 {% a* t: X. [
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; |7 I# N- _' Z/ @
5 Z+ j8 Q& J, P; q3 F, A5 Y3 Z ' s" Y, J& `& b& ~! a6 q9 L' p
Actions by Consumers
' t+ R8 X/ Y M& {/ l* L 71. Consumers’ boycott3 H' ~: l# T% q$ y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# ?; S' | w, N3 X5 p2 X
73. Policy of austerity6 j+ ^9 b4 c3 {+ L- t$ p
74. Rent withholding+ D/ S; {! m4 m% z* X7 V. c: E: Q
75. Refusal to rent. L; S, ]9 ], I
76. National consumers’ boycott$ G5 `, h' r/ }3 i% W1 M% D
77. International consumers’ boycott6 {: y" k* g" i: v7 n1 z
& {+ g# x0 k' c: I/ g/ c) \
Action by Workers and Producers
& w% N" Y- L7 f9 H+ G) ^+ \ 78. Workmen’s boycott
5 j& R; b/ I+ u9 X' i- N 79. Producers’ boycott
. V0 o J+ y) l d; D6 r0 P0 b7 c7 f' l: q1 j' w6 S& [0 S) ?
Action by Middlemen
6 `; @. g$ j5 G1 `: O 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 @4 t$ J2 U- i" N- \) \
! k2 Z1 {6 \$ B2 F4 Q$ g+ p+ FAction by Owners and Management( x+ J( C8 m4 I [0 M$ B0 ?
81. Traders’ boycott. h+ X) V0 `3 N' U( {
82. Refusal to let or sell property" {% {5 s2 d; [
83. Lockout3 P8 y1 i4 T, U d
84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 v3 R( y3 {6 p% |; ~) C5 \
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& H( q- H) x2 Y8 p" r" S5 c/ M. q. F0 N5 V6 y3 a
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
, R2 E3 J7 p& ? 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits P) }9 ?4 a% h- V' Y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- [1 f1 ]" e* B) G* u 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) T! E7 z2 j& \) p* E
89. Severance of funds and credit
1 A7 I. p" Z# g9 W. T" D6 f 90. Revenue refusal
8 R+ _0 E+ w& | Z; z$ C- x 91. Refusal of a government’s money
: m8 Q! t" O1 n V* E8 }* n& S. d) o
Action by Governments2 `8 K0 {1 J3 ~) t& r
92. Domestic embargo
1 `9 v$ _! u) Q# ?& h, s* [ 93. Blacklisting of traders
& N, x4 x/ q K* N: b 94. International sellers’ embargo
1 V# @1 C% Y1 W8 a2 G. u8 i8 f3 A 95. International buyers’ embargo- E9 J0 D3 z. R
96. International trade embargo: V3 v ^3 v4 I; h
$ G- h1 K" y7 P2 x, z
4 Z( g, c3 u. q$ E$ _" _
$ d$ b3 m: i4 r9 z# S6 U2 LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
1 L$ V6 [$ I: X5 _' p ^% a6 i# q" q0 o: i
) Y9 \: H+ X/ ]' f5 LSymbolic Strikes/ H6 w- S+ L- P5 R/ X- Y/ s4 x0 J
97. Protest strike+ E3 o4 g+ Y2 a* B+ v2 X0 Z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); B. c" a) r5 a4 X
, A; M9 J. A: Y+ cAgricultural Strikes
+ u' z+ X4 w, b, J) Y( U 99. Peasant strike
1 V& x3 o: S2 W- J5 X3 s 100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ q6 r3 U$ r; `' `
$ b! G1 F: _' K/ AStrikes by Special Groups% @- `8 N3 L: n- G
101. Refusal of impressed labor; d0 f1 D% L1 z; P8 ]' m% f2 ~
102. Prisoners’ strike
; H: n3 d. P' [& r* ]5 R T 103. Craft strike
$ v6 Y" ~8 `9 m- s% m+ M( l5 Y 104. Professional strike
" U: i9 [/ `, n* A; r* Y- O/ f5 L3 G; p# s5 o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes2 [ k. { U' A" Q4 C' h s
105. Establishment strike
4 m4 [/ `2 K9 e, S, N7 f 106. Industry strike
7 a4 `2 E) Z& s, d. L 107. Sympathetic strike$ x" C8 E( C r, k e: B1 m
$ h( ~1 c; w- i' ^2 G
Restricted Strikes" B" e! F5 K0 ?" X. J
108. Detailed strike3 j0 S5 u' g, B2 L) C& T% z
109. Bumper strike! ]+ O9 Q4 B, r4 k% w
110. Slowdown strike5 q* e0 o! B- b, s0 x* n3 [
111. Working-to-rule strike% b, N3 V9 L* n
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ R) c8 `+ @! I7 z3 @. H. ?+ i
113. Strike by resignation
+ |& |$ A+ b Z e( o1 Z 114. Limited strike% X& w# Q/ i9 v
115. Selective strike) ~' E$ o! T2 x. a5 b7 ]
! n& {% V! s& K, z2 j4 N- RMulti-Industry Strikes
. X, {; y2 \ ?& k: J U& J- y* i N$ i' E& \
116. Generalized strike1 T7 ]: P& x/ I. O P
- O/ W) e' g. g6 A& t' {/ x. b" E! s 117. General strike& {! w. Y7 s( y# N) [: h" N/ ?, a
' x8 L$ N5 q' E# v
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures% l C& ]; g4 B! y7 Q
7 C3 ?1 @0 U/ \# D( I. K5 S 118. Hartal
1 T2 Y3 q$ [6 q$ ] U, A
3 Z0 {7 `! {! Y8 D$ e" X- M4 V6 M 119. Economic shutdown8 }1 s% e: f( Q+ H9 z3 ]
: r6 k" x6 U0 `
7 B; @& }7 d ~' V" r4 E/ j* d" t) o, `( }- |) s) w( q
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION3 p' Q R4 M3 X) U
- \5 Y, s4 G* ?' k6 S
3 v* f& i% z) q2 HRejection of Authority
9 K& ?1 {# l6 Q- @2 N3 a/ m 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 \8 f( X4 K; N
121. Refusal of public support
5 `$ Q' v g. p( S+ v 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ i& n; O0 X: ~% a& w/ P/ p( x$ @* B$ {6 I$ }
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, S" U8 F, {/ N1 \9 O2 F 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 D2 q, g, O% `. s2 ]2 s3 | 124. Boycott of elections
! h* q; t. u; N4 b3 r1 n 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- o4 f7 S3 k8 _4 q- L. M 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% J) w- D" F; V* G 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 W' v) q4 z9 i) k: F
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 F9 }$ h X6 h- z; j
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" f' b# P! I$ t" [ [" x( c: A1 g/ L% N
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 L+ _& V* O! W0 w* K Y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# R% D/ {* k2 X* T
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- A8 q5 [4 m* S. d \$ P
[+ @& y3 w) [' Z9 z& zCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience( I2 l* j- n! M/ m7 i9 \: N+ D
133. Reluctant and slow compliance: i+ C; c% }) i. j. _
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 Q7 E. ]5 D: b 135. Popular nonobedience
* _! a ?) H0 E 136. Disguised disobedience) [3 N) v" g6 s3 O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse" n' f; D7 W. y& j
138. Sitdown; |! h+ B( y, W& ^( m1 x& S' ~& A
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# o- k( b# l' M4 q, m
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- E- }5 t0 }3 I+ ^4 Y8 V& k% f) v! f
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 c4 ?6 ^2 ~8 x3 U2 P' E! u W4 j% \+ R; h* m) C( e
Action by Government Personnel
' e8 l9 Z( b9 w6 r9 ]" V- i! ~ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* Y0 R1 c# d2 l( D% H" B6 t% I 143. Blocking of lines of command and information) R K6 I, W4 Q: Z) w J" ~ {
144. Stalling and obstruction
* U; ], ]" J. a1 Y 145. General administrative noncooperation
, h% W D: _2 Y% l' |
- a8 B) t8 r+ A 146. Judicial noncooperation. l- ^; o# w: K
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- `3 `, p9 L( V. Y! t 148. Mutiny0 y- O u3 \% `9 Y
Domestic Governmental Action* U! s% p- D6 v' U3 }2 r
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. [. b' z& d/ \" L2 Q7 g2 P 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units) P9 r- h' \3 ^& _2 }: C( \
; _2 |0 V/ l7 x1 z5 ~& ?$ B0 ZInternational Governmental Action
I. D$ |/ b) x: U' @ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 x6 o& ?. Z0 P" D( z 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* d2 G- I8 N' [& O
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 z/ t) T# \6 W3 M: F% x% y+ Y/ T
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 E) n% f6 C v& h 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" U- S e7 |/ q m1 _ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- Q/ @( q" ], H
157. Expulsion from international organizations
7 g. v" ?1 K1 ?% \# t' r! @0 m+ r
* d0 h$ F6 K3 B8 m% i o- C( g7 W. ?+ Z" L5 K
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, R3 x4 F8 \( O
# [9 d8 v6 K7 k2 [0 C( Y ( Z* G8 O4 P$ X/ s2 m& ?
Psychological Intervention! `: ^. |/ P2 ?# W
158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 X$ W) _$ u. z% o/ l. {0 C3 w 159. The fast; I$ i1 }% w) ~' r1 @
a) Fast of moral pressure
9 J" ^4 J4 _1 ]& a; [1 e3 L b) Hunger strike
, m0 a$ K: O7 Y c) Satyagrahic fast) F5 ]1 ]2 D* t f& Z
160. Reverse trial
0 h# l' Q4 P7 J0 g 161. Nonviolent harassment
1 |$ P: b" B/ Q* }& n* P g; @& l0 q( j4 Q- a( e
Physical Intervention5 U: s! d( G+ d$ j& k. w; O; M" k
162. Sit-in6 G$ c N- T$ P2 W! t n
163. Stand-in" C. U& D1 Q) J4 ?: E$ u9 R
164. Ride-in H) w3 w% {# w9 b7 J/ g, O) Q
165. Wade-in# @. q+ W, ~3 z! U- A
166. Mill-in
3 D/ g4 m) M# z3 R- G+ O 167. Pray-in
9 Q5 D* m! i" t; f, H$ b 168. Nonviolent raids
$ N Z8 ~! p9 g' A0 X 169. Nonviolent air raids+ ~7 U( l: } Z" L) o) ?1 H( {
170. Nonviolent invasion
9 Q7 k# W* _2 N+ W" x 171. Nonviolent interjection
% w( ?# p' g- T' D; O+ A% B 172. Nonviolent obstruction' S9 n# R. A, ~7 R% g
173. Nonviolent occupation4 H# `3 \3 I/ T& S
8 H1 G( V, s7 G2 f! u, l! I
Social Intervention* ]1 p1 Z1 ~% d1 l: q$ R4 H
174. Establishing new social patterns
3 y' r5 `2 v1 i* T+ _2 t* [ 175. Overloading of facilities2 t6 d; O% S( @, j
176. Stall-in
' O/ z, t5 Q) g5 N* G' J 177. Speak-in+ @2 f3 q1 Q' c: m0 m
178. Guerrilla theater
6 g7 `5 x7 q' Z1 M8 j 179. Alternative social institutions3 `6 H# E* n( T3 H7 Y5 T: ~
180. Alternative communication system" z* i2 O3 b/ m4 y! v; T% C7 b
0 x( {7 s" |' y& S2 O
Economic Intervention1 A7 ]- M+ x' Q9 ^
181. Reverse strike. p, z9 [, V- y: p4 F
182. Stay-in strike
& ~) p8 r4 M8 e+ t! _ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ B( \/ u6 X/ m, [7 g9 e* z, s; c O 184. Defiance of blockades9 l" }. }* v1 @: a" r) W- ?% l
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! H, p& N$ L: ]" ^. X5 _/ s' l+ p 186. Preclusive purchasing$ D& F. ~5 m) `& @: {
187. Seizure of assets
0 h! ?) b! L; B5 a# b3 R u 188. Dumping
0 l9 A) f8 p' j, F3 |% G8 V 189. Selective patronage
3 I, C3 K% Y+ e2 D# a Z* j, K- n 190. Alternative markets/ N8 @; f/ d/ m; t }8 |
191. Alternative transportation systems
% H0 C k: _- R; K/ M+ P( t 192. Alternative economic institutions
( ~$ t- h/ D# u/ R A* b
$ \ @, W. R, }7 Y- s J3 |Political Intervention4 _! C" z% H% c0 J
193. Overloading of administrative systems
: q* F3 x/ n6 ]! Q r% L 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 s% n* l- i3 ~2 x7 x* q8 b
195. Seeking imprisonment5 R Q4 v, m! _
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 M2 m# O1 Z" [8 N. m# w
197. Work-on without collaboration6 L; L" l* z u8 R! L# f) r {
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
2 l6 `! F6 S g" D# r; `" w( b0 Y
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
