 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" A# O1 J w, s4 K* J2 y9 T6 @' g# I5 nFormal Statements
. t* g+ e4 Q0 u4 I3 O0 `5 X0 K1 \ 1. Public Speeches/ s) S) \. a8 b. f" h0 a
2. Letters of opposition or support( R1 g4 E' c( G$ {* N9 W- |6 q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. s: W2 X" Q. O, h 4. Signed public statements3 L0 E! S0 {6 R
5. Declarations of indictment and intention, f7 j8 o* T- Y; O/ f$ V% p: I
6. Group or mass petitions( ?8 S% T% q. l5 X
. x! l; ]* n2 F' A2 r" g+ x" ~+ FCommunications with a Wider Audience: {+ L( R) l' v( P
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, ^; |1 J! v1 y& x* {$ ~* P
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' S* P- e+ J+ u5 @: G7 f
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% j$ m( K' f* X# S- E# Y 10. Newspapers and journals8 f2 [3 U# |% a l8 `+ Y
11. Records, radio, and television4 M& i- S" u- Q& e1 w' L& [
12. Skywriting and earthwriting( x3 \- }& \: s, V5 N% a7 O
) f, B$ t& H' E( k" E
Group Representations
% s. p* O1 q- P! l+ p 13. Deputations+ P# ~0 u$ M6 X: M2 V
14. Mock awards
6 l( x. K1 [! g3 k' L1 h 15. Group lobbying
8 |1 Q$ C0 c6 W& B 16. Picketing b$ x: D; z1 G7 c) o
17. Mock elections, t/ w( M: B5 _
5 ?7 H% |+ c0 Y8 W1 y& xSymbolic Public Acts" C& y9 D: d% E: M6 [
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 b1 p/ _5 r$ ^0 n6 e6 B. q
19. Wearing of symbols
' ^# N; ], s1 w* d 20. Prayer and worship
. X* k. R' I1 {1 _1 y9 F* z8 F: f 21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 m3 G5 \: }& w, f+ e* h 22. Protest disrobings
- c8 i& N9 j9 x9 p/ ~: B 23. Destruction of own property
2 U/ ?+ E3 Q" P. ]1 T 24. Symbolic lights
3 T; A0 p% O& e0 x, L. h 25. Displays of portraits
U5 h: o; W. F9 Q- l 26. Paint as protest
& |1 g; O! W6 J7 K 27. New signs and names) s0 S3 X. x1 d
28. Symbolic sounds: r& o( j. q. u7 j6 d6 b1 S, n/ ]
29. Symbolic reclamations& Z0 r) h# ^" |2 M9 N0 `3 ^. A" p
30. Rude gestures# @7 a1 I4 W( s7 X1 K- d, P3 t
4 z# Y" S8 a7 }" W. wPressures on Individuals" f2 k& f# J, `1 l. B) E: N* r
31. “Haunting” officials
5 V! @) G; v' e 32. Taunting officials
7 I2 H: v3 \+ d* p' \4 t$ `5 x2 u 33. Fraternization
' q! |# {; y& @4 J* w( L) ^- N 34. Vigils7 Z% u* Z; A- | j: B
8 Y5 J0 L7 V0 ~* _* Q5 _
Drama and Music& o4 p7 u. v: R! L) h" s
35. Humorous skits and pranks% z* r# [3 I& V! f; m9 _; H9 ^
36. Performances of plays and music" @' B( e+ e9 q5 y% V! c% v9 t
37. Singing3 M8 s* C0 l/ V8 ~
$ t8 G5 K0 K& O+ h* S6 k
Processions
% o; {, k$ S( T5 E( @2 ~ 38. Marches; {( r" |9 V- q
39. Parades
, ]) W- ~! Y* e4 L8 J 40. Religious processions
# w9 j: n- u I+ q- t5 [1 u, ^ 41. Pilgrimages( c, b" }+ W! z
42. Motorcades
$ o7 z5 d% Y, P3 l
& N# h; U5 R. I4 d0 }Honoring the Dead
: i9 X8 ~8 q5 P& l( m4 e 43. Political mourning
$ V3 x/ o; O6 ~ 44. Mock funerals
. O0 \! W4 k; p M' T3 g0 K 45. Demonstrative funerals
9 X, w. v7 H; Y: W5 j' c 46. Homage at burial places
3 A2 ?/ ~/ C2 [* k. w; ?5 C& w
! Z/ t: t' F8 ^. W( [( QPublic Assemblies* `( A5 h+ q2 x5 [. }
47. Assemblies of protest or support3 s9 }& |1 @2 g5 C
48. Protest meetings; f. S, @: {) k& N2 l5 U
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" O3 n$ ]: F- J8 s
50. Teach-ins
+ Y; Q& d$ |3 a) X* m% v0 j( |( n8 `$ j; K
Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 q8 I# p% p/ J8 l 51. Walk-outs
7 S9 N, m! s4 L9 p 52. Silence$ f) {" a/ Y/ ?- U, l
53. Renouncing honors
# v4 ]& N8 D# {) u 54. Turning one’s back2 Y/ _6 |: Z, r4 r& ?/ @$ V3 _
" P$ \7 B2 c' z) e4 B0 ? , ~! Y8 Q" N" q! m/ G) D2 h$ F
7 l' U. ~8 u/ i+ _- ~THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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: Z6 o. Z) ?: a9 |0 I3 ~, o" x
. v. n" n) T* T/ S
Ostracism of Persons; l7 O5 z& y7 d. Y7 F8 M4 O
55. Social boycott
6 l. d2 o4 U2 h; g8 ^ 56. Selective social boycott
4 D. G% h. `5 t# p5 w 57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 w; J' g4 X% L) C0 ]9 H* ` 58. Excommunication' S2 a U+ |2 E3 n1 U6 A
59. Interdict
8 B' ^# w, H8 l0 k$ g
n( Q1 W$ `+ `+ d/ |Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" F: ^9 f U3 T) ]7 A 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 i8 W. Z/ a; c) p% ^ 61. Boycott of social affairs
/ m( I' e( h/ h 62. Student strike
6 C: ^ @ S) x) {1 a" T+ @, F 63. Social disobedience# q) ^8 ~$ b# H) z3 O1 H
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) o8 r6 p6 b% u' q$ S4 z! H
+ \( c$ X- j" E$ p
Withdrawal from the Social System/ G0 n9 I7 H" L! L9 z
65. Stay-at-home
8 K+ ?! x: a0 k1 ]% @* Q0 j2 W 66. Total personal noncooperation
" J- z/ X3 R( ] 67. “Flight” of workers" B* H7 Y5 D* X1 ]7 ]+ x
68. Sanctuary
; P" N7 t) S# M7 ^/ ^% W k 69. Collective disappearance
; y1 q, s/ \0 n) a$ Z& O6 i8 _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)1 c7 v! Y. }/ k' m+ `2 C
0 E% n. P+ g; t$ k , y8 j! V9 x! y; s: `) T
; D8 r w3 E: F5 xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; O3 O8 i; A9 p7 Q5 R5 S6 ^& ~5 [9 H1 R. T9 {5 m
; N6 c& h+ C* n* q' _# R. b
Actions by Consumers/ P0 E& N; |; J8 ]
71. Consumers’ boycott
, D6 f: S# M) `5 g* C 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, S1 x( Z0 h" ~. F+ S
73. Policy of austerity
' b- M" R* d; p; y6 I 74. Rent withholding2 Y3 G4 y. D0 g. A4 T' M
75. Refusal to rent
0 J& i* p9 d0 E k9 N2 N 76. National consumers’ boycott
4 x# y3 C: e" R4 q1 `/ E 77. International consumers’ boycott: L* I4 c1 p& A; s& ]2 e
# A8 [; |& h% Z3 P( [
Action by Workers and Producers- k; F3 K: o9 j" U5 _0 F
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ X* R# u! {% } 79. Producers’ boycott e7 L* g% \/ M$ N5 @% J
4 z J) ]' n1 \! c SAction by Middlemen
/ @/ r0 y# S( V( v4 o* ] 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( U1 X% R3 ~4 ]8 q3 Z |+ N
$ F8 Y6 P6 B, Z2 Y oAction by Owners and Management9 O# u7 ]7 L- F! f: r" U1 V4 |
81. Traders’ boycott7 \$ t4 t/ B( w# Z( y i
82. Refusal to let or sell property
" ?* O, k# K' A- h6 T" { r 83. Lockout4 J" z( ?) A% a" K$ P
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
% \, I. j0 }! j; A& ~ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 ~8 x4 {! c* `. Z3 F( H
$ W" I. }% B2 S6 bAction by Holders of Financial Resources
7 Q) X( R [3 ^3 Z% D6 D+ d- P 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 _( }' q2 |2 z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 y: ?1 r# Y" g, E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ L2 k% U! u9 [: s 89. Severance of funds and credit
$ P% T; m$ O; @/ r8 J' ?9 U. k" O 90. Revenue refusal
7 e, A1 k4 _' G, r' K 91. Refusal of a government’s money }$ u/ {$ t8 `2 Q& x) S3 [
7 V3 T$ b2 p+ g J- D8 D
Action by Governments
# e: H" s* E' u* u( A7 B* L 92. Domestic embargo
7 ?3 d3 v4 P1 s" Q 93. Blacklisting of traders8 p; b; G3 a+ [
94. International sellers’ embargo. w% \3 H1 e/ N& `
95. International buyers’ embargo
2 |9 u8 k/ U+ |7 w 96. International trade embargo
8 K6 `4 a) k, L4 N; r. Q4 R
& i ~; t! I6 b' L ) P9 H+ Q& o' F9 n3 O) }' N5 j. H6 c
+ v/ `! H& ^& X/ lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
! V4 E( V) b" q1 T/ b
' q- S9 q( P# L% h, f 8 X) _1 c" l4 P0 D! @3 v6 c* }
Symbolic Strikes
1 H: x) Y" K! \* W 97. Protest strike
8 Z3 h( B3 \$ N! k& e! ~% I 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 L, I) k1 \+ O! b. ~; r4 }+ C a0 t7 i/ F
Agricultural Strikes* \% q. h) ~4 V, A# }
99. Peasant strike8 d6 v9 w- I: [) `- Y" I
100. Farm Workers’ strike H9 C s) k4 Y3 Y
- Q6 I# V* a2 \8 z. s2 t) HStrikes by Special Groups5 l! [6 E6 T2 j$ K8 G3 v* @# S
101. Refusal of impressed labor' U: @) p' t0 t0 a4 B! N, B
102. Prisoners’ strike1 N& ^/ ?0 j! X# b4 i& R
103. Craft strike. H7 P6 j$ v; u2 h- T" F
104. Professional strike
$ q A4 Y# W8 s% i0 j* t# p+ y% N
4 M5 [- ^" ?6 j. o' M8 _9 _Ordinary Industrial Strikes
0 ^* E5 n- g8 s& \/ k 105. Establishment strike8 N; o! \% p5 m5 R. x5 I2 R' k& ^
106. Industry strike
: x' \4 g% ^6 F( J/ l 107. Sympathetic strike+ B! D; k& a+ n
( x7 D0 @$ e# S- {& ] QRestricted Strikes
) L( r3 {% I3 f# A3 ] 108. Detailed strike" a% P- Y3 E" G( q/ j7 }6 Z
109. Bumper strike
4 f! |0 K& s2 U" v3 X0 C 110. Slowdown strike
/ a* J' n2 ^4 v 111. Working-to-rule strike4 o0 j& l0 C. T: A" J: v" B
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) j5 k+ f: V- l. e- _" B& e
113. Strike by resignation
+ N0 C2 c: x- [* @; e9 L4 _ 114. Limited strike! L3 H( g @' m- d8 i# R
115. Selective strike+ a6 M. S5 d+ r( j ^
6 F }% e' J2 v( }; N; c
Multi-Industry Strikes6 c4 c+ t, F& p
, k+ {5 a$ g$ Y6 o. F- J 116. Generalized strike! I9 O8 M% d, r% m6 C
9 J0 h1 P* v, r# S' W+ R1 \% w
117. General strike+ n. ~( t$ x, M& h0 q
$ ~3 I1 g. e% U( F9 ~( D( _0 S
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures+ z$ p% d2 |0 E
; W0 K* v1 E$ |: q 118. Hartal6 T4 X3 X; t0 w- ]$ u
3 l, x7 h! t8 [% X$ F5 B 119. Economic shutdown
% L9 v* H2 ~, E- n+ P
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4 |! M) g2 y) x9 {! ~$ a( OTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. T9 z5 x- U5 V8 y
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. G' ?, K4 b1 N9 \Rejection of Authority
6 g$ z9 O$ j9 X 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 H( N; j m Q
121. Refusal of public support( w& r* Y% d8 _& U5 K+ b8 y) ]
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" l1 l/ N0 z P. u$ t6 ^: C
" u$ j. Y! y+ k; N7 j" B6 z+ QCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
# Y" x* E( e7 i: L# z/ r8 L" l 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" W9 r5 d. j# G* O: A 124. Boycott of elections
5 p6 F% U# p8 h 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( i& O% N( |9 l5 ~; @ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 k8 ^3 A5 i7 `* C2 C/ B 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 s6 B: E; x. l/ A) O0 _! G- t; u$ P 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 a$ F1 C, h9 j8 q K 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ b6 E4 n) I* O/ f5 f7 H2 R( ~7 N5 O
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 ^4 h6 ?! T* L: J; P 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 i* z6 l- w$ y3 D
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
' {( ]& e/ \- `
! E( o- R0 m! C c8 K1 Q/ zCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% W" p" W- F# v( z1 @ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 ?( M8 s1 u; |) L# x1 z$ J2 o
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. I3 l+ c, H h+ l3 y, K 135. Popular nonobedience7 F; C5 T8 |6 `9 s
136. Disguised disobedience/ Y. t W6 {5 e7 q$ f4 _
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ `% Q9 w; G# A# [9 P
138. Sitdown
* a/ p2 b9 r0 y, }! ^: t7 ]6 J 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 e2 j; K8 c6 w. \" E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 H5 y2 J) v+ r$ V
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* I: l0 g; `9 T: ]% T5 C9 f
, W0 R' r' o1 N8 j" }' {; z3 DAction by Government Personnel
7 P% \; [3 u' o. p. K5 }" T0 l 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ R) ^) z6 e& u* c/ t$ o9 s4 ] 143. Blocking of lines of command and information* D3 h! q, Z' V: Z" K9 |" ^
144. Stalling and obstruction
; A3 V$ a3 r; k5 B) i 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 U) ^3 T: w# u7 F# R$ T
0 s) y; h2 R, k Y 146. Judicial noncooperation
' W: ~2 z8 E* Z- c. e5 E 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 L, H) ~+ n9 y1 ^4 G" a% L
148. Mutiny
: `# ?# z, ^; b# lDomestic Governmental Action
: ?# a1 |$ N' l$ l( w$ K& ~% @ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. k: n- Q9 P% I( i 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 v3 C$ U# F# c
- G* p N2 f. |/ w% {International Governmental Action8 r( k: ~; s! T& p
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
7 a ~. H) |, j% }) v 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; }9 b. X! t7 S) \# \ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, k X2 J3 u7 a4 _- F! _
154. Severance of diplomatic relations; ?, r }, w& M4 M) t' Y% D0 b
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( T7 z; n' O/ o# V Q& A, ?+ j9 h: K 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) E- V2 \$ l" o( f( x: f 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 h3 w2 Y( s$ J! w
7 [( K4 }% ]9 S3 S8 N- f
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION( X. t( s% ^4 b2 j
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Psychological Intervention3 p- N% q f t
158. Self-exposure to the elements8 ~2 W$ E- T7 z5 i
159. The fast/ l! a5 q6 W$ `, ?2 k$ P
a) Fast of moral pressure
) V$ H5 J/ ~5 r2 y/ a b) Hunger strike/ N% z; w9 ~3 E% O7 f ]
c) Satyagrahic fast0 P" W- g/ S# w9 ~6 I2 i5 a
160. Reverse trial
3 L% h j! u4 q 161. Nonviolent harassment
$ |+ |4 T ]" r) |; { P* h9 ]- u% l) Y/ T$ Y
Physical Intervention
+ ~! T ~; ^+ D; L8 Z% p v; [ 162. Sit-in8 ^1 e7 b" S/ g$ w. ^
163. Stand-in
9 `" [; u4 r4 @$ P( }4 ^ 164. Ride-in& z3 d9 {. g2 q) Z/ m1 A: G3 I
165. Wade-in
/ [, j2 d( @' a9 y 166. Mill-in1 ]3 {0 X" Q# i4 H9 K
167. Pray-in
) w. Z4 J! F. Z8 Z/ C" E 168. Nonviolent raids% s! \9 ~0 V* L1 K+ P
169. Nonviolent air raids
[) c! p* k& F7 D7 p" B4 y 170. Nonviolent invasion$ K8 y, j `- E8 E
171. Nonviolent interjection9 ^4 z7 h, l6 ^! ^- c+ T9 ?
172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 `& @. v' v' Y" m 173. Nonviolent occupation
g0 `8 o! j& S- }4 x3 Q3 A4 [8 m- V' ]
Social Intervention: U7 M, I( T8 `8 }) n) X) N* V
174. Establishing new social patterns
4 _% l J- T& W3 o4 C$ K# c5 N 175. Overloading of facilities
. n, j* }; O! C5 ]' Z" j+ p 176. Stall-in6 l: ^, X! w- H0 U
177. Speak-in. b4 T! a. u* J2 ]8 _
178. Guerrilla theater1 q& W: W. l1 l9 \9 T& M
179. Alternative social institutions
, U7 \# w1 B* F# a C" _6 S1 p$ H% w 180. Alternative communication system$ D' f4 G# j9 I
5 J$ u+ N0 `9 XEconomic Intervention
0 ^. e# ~2 {+ s4 w$ N ~ 181. Reverse strike1 R9 D9 \2 h4 u O' ?2 F8 R0 i3 m
182. Stay-in strike
7 J8 C! g7 P% A- b 183. Nonviolent land seizure
( s1 T7 g# o) T# U 184. Defiance of blockades& D5 Z) X( p6 b8 U' X; m; W/ U4 l
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; [5 R* _/ i3 t8 Y 186. Preclusive purchasing) D: \; P A ^4 ^
187. Seizure of assets
% H' a2 t6 y. `/ X/ }, c9 O) s i 188. Dumping
: F! l5 l' H3 n7 J 189. Selective patronage
: {' e: P, O6 ` 190. Alternative markets; g7 ^2 Y* o$ T4 O. S' M; p
191. Alternative transportation systems( c- ]8 Z. f# R1 `: v
192. Alternative economic institutions
{7 T) ? U, i% Y( m
$ m- i" V- F: @, FPolitical Intervention8 d5 v* A3 C {5 w6 O5 r" M
193. Overloading of administrative systems% @# E& F7 u5 Q! t
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! s% {1 O' s+ F2 g+ r 195. Seeking imprisonment+ Z1 l6 r2 m% o* j0 u5 M$ {; i
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws) H3 j% F O1 u& P+ t0 k0 _3 n
197. Work-on without collaboration
+ S. E8 ^' C5 O- ]2 c+ B 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 v0 X5 f G( X" o
& f6 d! R$ s; S# t7 H* N
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
