 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 h* U* T' U6 o$ Y6 O3 f& D3 Z. iFormal Statements( I n( X6 m! N4 P5 _' M3 K; X
1. Public Speeches
2 q5 N9 {3 t' c# F* A 2. Letters of opposition or support
. M2 E% \( S4 }6 j 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 c1 X: Y I7 W/ X2 s2 \
4. Signed public statements
' C( J; A1 }7 A* X8 @7 i, \ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention% G/ n _4 X; M0 G( e5 n
6. Group or mass petitions5 K l! n7 i+ A+ p
( f R3 p/ O3 ?6 R$ j- D! e5 V
Communications with a Wider Audience2 J/ Y% U: D) J6 ], k2 v2 d# W
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 D; Q0 K5 U; _8 H- v4 Z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 B1 ~$ ^1 d7 G 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. G: D2 a" M0 v
10. Newspapers and journals; {; p" d1 k+ U. ?: R% K7 f/ \
11. Records, radio, and television* @2 j8 h" E6 S4 n. d
12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ C- X' d: m s* l$ \3 q) T
$ V" Q5 E3 m+ I! L6 ?1 R8 q% ZGroup Representations
$ T, R: R+ m, b! n9 b) r0 Q3 T9 m4 h 13. Deputations
6 Y2 T! N6 M! o* g4 Z 14. Mock awards
' p% B2 \- T8 y1 i% n% Q 15. Group lobbying7 l( H! r& I9 C! M6 z
16. Picketing: \6 W+ B% O/ j7 U3 X
17. Mock elections
+ ^' \) B9 t& s- y& M, ^4 C3 \+ z
Symbolic Public Acts
3 v4 M! @2 d& T3 u4 R9 c' @ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, T7 F% }: J5 `+ l) K
19. Wearing of symbols4 H% x. d! n6 D
20. Prayer and worship
1 v3 \$ ^9 f) K( a4 O3 W l' b 21. Delivering symbolic objects
: i& Q& R3 v8 F7 C8 [( b' R 22. Protest disrobings2 \- @$ {. i5 }+ l; u' i% Z
23. Destruction of own property* A/ g5 N# O8 G: O8 u
24. Symbolic lights+ ?: c: o, L" L6 J$ @
25. Displays of portraits ^- s; B3 }; i" I* m$ W' v! H
26. Paint as protest) z* U1 u( S. P" [5 V. y$ S% ^
27. New signs and names
2 b' g% h) E0 y! d9 M3 p 28. Symbolic sounds
9 J/ G: y/ y4 e5 q8 @* l. e 29. Symbolic reclamations2 |) s; m6 D; z) e0 {
30. Rude gestures( j- }6 x4 @1 Z; W4 q6 M
/ I2 q2 m8 M% _Pressures on Individuals. A3 M/ s7 E* F' R
31. “Haunting” officials
o! j5 `/ V/ u) P, o3 b, b 32. Taunting officials" l; J+ D3 O" N. Z2 A5 j- u) r. e
33. Fraternization
) I6 n% ~/ D1 Q3 j5 K2 N 34. Vigils6 T* ]7 v, X8 ^2 p7 i+ ~9 A4 v
; E6 n4 W5 u A5 T: [1 }- C7 N0 GDrama and Music, \2 O" H4 a0 n
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ l7 w: p7 _- Y; {7 {: t" C
36. Performances of plays and music
# \+ _8 j8 k' D+ G# D 37. Singing
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Processions
( Z, w; c! [" S6 K! y 38. Marches
- x8 P) G: B' o8 I+ h, R0 [0 [ 39. Parades
1 \# [; C4 I# H 40. Religious processions0 K# y; K0 x# H% r [
41. Pilgrimages" @8 W+ W5 F9 l# d6 Y: J) c
42. Motorcades2 H- {0 r7 i+ t. P5 M
* N, {# l' \1 E( |Honoring the Dead
/ \9 b+ x$ g w6 n; \ 43. Political mourning
8 _' s1 m, h) _2 m" O# k2 s1 q% K0 W 44. Mock funerals
7 ?, R) T- \0 s. p, y9 { ~+ X, ^ 45. Demonstrative funerals1 V# V5 I- f. Y6 T! K8 V0 s
46. Homage at burial places
& B* x8 j6 q0 ~$ X$ V: ~8 j J, }" C0 \% B! u
Public Assemblies
; w/ I( v) }2 {, D" m& G% v% [ 47. Assemblies of protest or support1 D' X$ l' F3 c, s2 G& L& \4 V
48. Protest meetings! f. t( R6 I& V z2 a7 E/ O0 I
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- ^2 j! u2 q, u M7 ^2 c* E 50. Teach-ins- g' T7 _/ ?7 J" v
6 T" ?$ @3 ]* p* o: Y$ P8 H
Withdrawal and Renunciation
y8 Q. ]% _ V 51. Walk-outs
7 R$ g; }5 L' H7 v' N 52. Silence7 V; ^( c6 Y; }# Z: G1 T% x, P
53. Renouncing honors5 E( F6 U4 V: ?& G
54. Turning one’s back
9 A+ K8 X* N0 L1 q' l, U( G- e; i |- U! N) }5 _% V
9 O8 O/ M3 [4 [, R/ C$ T% P4 ~
# h7 N5 i: c8 E- \2 S+ E7 eTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 Y) z/ Y) I: l
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6 W \) Q7 E9 ]$ I: N e
Ostracism of Persons6 {# o; c: }4 B0 ]. K% r
55. Social boycott
8 ~; M. [8 g% i. _9 Y+ T8 S4 U 56. Selective social boycott
! _# y4 T6 \2 S( W7 a3 ? 57. Lysistratic nonaction5 w+ _7 n6 r/ R! [: t# b
58. Excommunication
) g7 Y- K7 R7 Y7 N7 W8 S4 J 59. Interdict
% h: e* s0 ?) C9 k$ k' I) R& }6 B
^# h: \3 G; O0 Q. \$ zNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: Q1 {- u3 y& F! @3 R( k& J
60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 Z0 D9 a# s4 i) k+ D
61. Boycott of social affairs
5 y6 n& ~: G7 ]- l( D! X7 ?# i& d 62. Student strike! s. O4 l) ~& }# w: n0 u8 J! o% l1 }0 `8 j
63. Social disobedience- i+ H# e: [, h2 r5 [! R
64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 ]8 \8 w8 p; Q7 H8 b( U0 }
, f8 I, v' x$ j3 K3 O, ~. u" T
Withdrawal from the Social System( \9 W4 _0 ^6 R5 T4 K- K9 f
65. Stay-at-home3 i: c( q3 X+ f3 s0 `: O
66. Total personal noncooperation+ \( ^/ p F9 I4 r# G
67. “Flight” of workers
. I+ z0 C7 g# ]' O- ? 68. Sanctuary8 t8 T3 b. U( d& _ h" }9 L5 v
69. Collective disappearance
, ]: ~0 Z/ m' j2 {/ R 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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2 K* p) P1 F% Y$ _8 r% tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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) Y* g" R2 `$ Q9 V, V' k9 g+ v7 VActions by Consumers
- W- p5 |5 H4 M; _2 h' U; _ 71. Consumers’ boycott
- W; |7 e3 v$ s8 m2 n, k1 q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# G; ]; _5 \& u2 K0 D) L! d t' T' E 73. Policy of austerity- g$ V, s0 A) i. F
74. Rent withholding1 z5 o+ B. r) K. w9 Y
75. Refusal to rent; o7 p! a. w- o" I: P
76. National consumers’ boycott1 d% t. i- J1 l: X/ @3 S1 @ m6 X
77. International consumers’ boycott& E$ ^" k$ P0 s/ v4 u
4 K$ o: b% F0 ~8 ~+ p' FAction by Workers and Producers
$ D( q) O+ F) d S! ` 78. Workmen’s boycott
; v- @4 Z5 X h: J 79. Producers’ boycott8 U& G" Q4 H0 c# W$ D/ I
6 ~1 L5 e8 s! V% g
Action by Middlemen
/ ]( K0 e: r' v I 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% d. e1 B+ `& q/ l$ j7 Z- {
' Y; ^( z6 V2 N# V1 }' ?0 VAction by Owners and Management
+ t# P* P, e: \9 W' z1 [( z; m 81. Traders’ boycott
# @- y% M+ v: B" N& W' }$ I+ _ 82. Refusal to let or sell property$ f; }- p0 J6 I5 m, Z& x
83. Lockout
y& e- L1 a. c3 K 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ X V6 |) M3 F* w1 |; G 85. Merchants’ “general strike”. U8 H" U1 a: _% ^
( o4 |% V- v7 Z2 R! E( n& @7 [, T! t% yAction by Holders of Financial Resources; `4 z, v, F1 G8 F
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
0 } i& _6 S+ c4 R4 x& n; a 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" s& j$ z! w3 n9 ` 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- r- r1 u; v2 T1 F9 {! ?' d7 S
89. Severance of funds and credit/ p" [& o/ C8 P/ W
90. Revenue refusal
5 N3 r6 c' T% C' J( s q$ x/ S 91. Refusal of a government’s money
: V+ u* o2 z2 N' l2 p6 w+ s" R) O" E
Action by Governments$ y$ R5 u, \& y( c p
92. Domestic embargo
! ]/ R; Q: M3 D6 N- k6 ~ 93. Blacklisting of traders. ?" X/ u1 z) L
94. International sellers’ embargo" `! A2 A3 b* i) D
95. International buyers’ embargo
" A0 w/ g& K2 W) y/ o4 B 96. International trade embargo& E) Z: G4 ?6 L( q
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# X8 j* m' U: M zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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! d# f! | `7 s8 J1 ?Symbolic Strikes4 i" E2 c+ ^3 }
97. Protest strike0 d- ]) ?- U% r2 d# m' X
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
8 a, n5 p1 X2 d, q7 ?- U# L# b4 r% _. J. B/ F9 f
Agricultural Strikes- t% G! `( n4 v! R
99. Peasant strike
5 i4 F( g$ b) s( x; `2 A; F 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ ^0 R }0 v/ z9 @0 B4 C
* I2 K9 W2 w- u$ ~- H( Z8 pStrikes by Special Groups) l3 l7 d1 i: M. o& Z9 i4 x
101. Refusal of impressed labor1 {7 o2 W6 P+ m. ?$ m; Z4 L" S4 R
102. Prisoners’ strike
) h! C8 |, [: J* l+ m. e 103. Craft strike
. t' T# [$ j4 s2 A 104. Professional strike
7 |, }5 \( w, d' y+ P7 }
2 R4 W0 }4 G c. @Ordinary Industrial Strikes" U0 O8 T. x$ N6 S
105. Establishment strike% K0 E4 U0 e8 D( f
106. Industry strike
+ O* I) p/ b" L, A* Q; d 107. Sympathetic strike( Y- w" x- j$ |5 d: T
/ ~$ K* Y: K5 G S8 u* y+ dRestricted Strikes
( o8 G5 _: A" V: n8 o$ k# { 108. Detailed strike9 @5 l$ F) h$ [! X
109. Bumper strike' T4 g% q. m, O" Z+ B/ M' L
110. Slowdown strike1 f* l2 v! o6 E: a& a% Y
111. Working-to-rule strike
- z5 r, q7 m' ~/ K$ ] 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)$ z, s! K! |7 I' E1 L7 b1 I
113. Strike by resignation
7 x4 v1 k4 n& T5 T/ ?* i 114. Limited strike0 f7 { t$ S x" h
115. Selective strike
2 V/ A5 ^% o4 D* Z- T; k6 ?5 a0 Q6 g8 d; i, V
Multi-Industry Strikes/ v2 X# H/ R9 `+ z; V" n) i; T
) k# t+ p! z c* l9 e
116. Generalized strike
( w* L- V- Z7 C: g: s; q
8 ]2 g6 V' _8 {: _; v, s8 w 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
. y4 Y7 U& M, \% U
! C+ n( v2 m# l8 w+ D 118. Hartal) f0 I/ B% R0 q" a1 _
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119. Economic shutdown1 J9 Y* P: U4 |) K7 c( I
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4 m7 E1 Q: Y$ q' ^1 m0 T& WTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; u- [ L! W3 v( k
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Rejection of Authority
1 d( X R2 _( d 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 Z A) v3 n) ]* Q+ p' k 121. Refusal of public support
9 \$ ~: b c! z: @) J* {5 Q4 ] 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
& q. Z- `, V9 l. a! K0 b5 W
3 `6 _# d# j8 J* W% i) y0 G# iCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 U4 J: U) J$ g7 i7 L- A; |, `
123. Boycott of legislative bodies. U k% T- q& w/ y8 B* ^
124. Boycott of elections( g9 z3 s* ]% ?$ U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 q2 x4 ~! p/ W+ i0 q/ E
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 N9 U0 r" i% ?
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. [2 y. f; l7 ]$ Q2 y0 Y: E4 X+ T2 X 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
) P" P- J M$ C8 R! O" v" ]4 x 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( X8 Q }4 F$ A# ? 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* W$ \; D: I- \ o4 |: E$ ^
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& f% n: r, x- }6 e3 _
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 n8 k4 n% q% }1 Y
* e9 [4 p5 P! l9 {. T6 e+ PCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 `/ z9 S* Z. J2 r7 U 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ I" C: v* F3 T: D2 s 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 _9 S; R1 G2 I2 t4 v
135. Popular nonobedience/ x+ X+ E' e3 j$ M6 ?
136. Disguised disobedience
; A- h. u6 p& t 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 R* @1 A" F6 P( }: {$ X% q( q 138. Sitdown; n3 k& T$ P0 r: `: U/ f
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ [! v3 L9 q! {, `4 G& x' v& Z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- q6 a! K3 V+ d- T* \6 _* J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 S$ r5 |, \2 M) T" u5 r
3 m6 n$ c8 J( Y+ `) Z+ Q& yAction by Government Personnel$ E) n2 G; T1 n9 ~
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 \8 X9 {% B" n, i I 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 u4 J' n. z2 J' T 144. Stalling and obstruction+ c' r% F& O5 i6 O
145. General administrative noncooperation
# t2 T# W. m0 v2 |5 ~% K
6 q( M% A; M3 x6 M* O [ 146. Judicial noncooperation
2 n( [* u. p' f' C 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% ^/ t7 |0 R* h3 t' c' @ 148. Mutiny
, D% N# i9 x, \Domestic Governmental Action4 g& ]) ~6 y6 F3 \ C" M6 y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 C8 \3 `& v7 ~$ T! t
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 c: W4 e) B8 ]8 {. P. [9 n
7 a0 o& |# w( b4 x6 [" t
International Governmental Action) {. ?* d% d# Y
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% N ~7 P( d1 C: s# P' E+ Q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& Z* j- \$ _% k+ b! T. D @ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- m1 A) v, g1 ^1 ? ~7 H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 y1 }, I8 r, I' ~8 e6 P `
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( E4 D! ~+ f8 d1 ] H3 h+ v 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# F I- _$ V4 Y3 U. X 157. Expulsion from international organizations. r* S* C: I8 O/ S; f$ C
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7 @7 x: h$ n$ ]
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention1 d& E5 `' R+ c) j1 {3 s) H
158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 S- v# ?4 b8 n2 @# E6 o( l 159. The fast
! f1 x9 k5 j) E5 T' ~ J: W/ S/ b }& N a) Fast of moral pressure6 ]5 ~7 E+ r. l+ i% a2 X
b) Hunger strike/ U8 n9 E3 l$ D& O6 J
c) Satyagrahic fast2 d7 X! ~* @& N/ G: N/ I! E
160. Reverse trial) P# z/ {" I9 ]; _4 d& d
161. Nonviolent harassment
5 z# G8 A @7 o8 j: I8 _% {% R4 Y" S- E+ e
Physical Intervention
' Z8 k% L: G6 K1 [: ~) q/ f5 y 162. Sit-in) x, I s2 a/ V
163. Stand-in. n$ M/ @* ~- S+ H8 F9 }1 W u
164. Ride-in
% J! ^5 d0 c9 D 165. Wade-in
9 O+ l2 a+ g# Q: L# X& d9 G 166. Mill-in0 L( ?- `8 B3 t$ c; l6 A) B3 R
167. Pray-in
. h/ Z5 }3 @* }# {, s; q4 f 168. Nonviolent raids
+ j! l, O0 ~' Q- T 169. Nonviolent air raids7 `! F! S% u2 K! z7 [
170. Nonviolent invasion5 ^- u, P* e" b! q* F
171. Nonviolent interjection
# N. |4 [( {5 { 172. Nonviolent obstruction$ w$ t9 @" L' l) [$ }) O
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
) \1 U7 `: R/ ^: w6 C% y# j 174. Establishing new social patterns) g0 H( O* m2 x
175. Overloading of facilities0 V* F6 {, z$ z# C5 X g+ l, I
176. Stall-in
! e& M8 _5 r+ N* x: G 177. Speak-in/ e5 ]: q9 I* ~. Z
178. Guerrilla theater
8 w5 ]2 D% `1 t/ r! i 179. Alternative social institutions" Z. y6 Z" q8 V: u9 C; l6 s* I) z" |
180. Alternative communication system
% d+ J0 y$ |& b3 h6 d4 g& ]+ a# {/ \: C! @
Economic Intervention
* L3 `9 ?6 k/ f% v 181. Reverse strike
+ O/ O, n% V5 [, L 182. Stay-in strike
' t( F2 I; H2 s5 y, O+ z9 ~ 183. Nonviolent land seizure6 l: c' n/ L7 g
184. Defiance of blockades
/ g8 \) ^& l0 S5 M1 U 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' g+ `) f- O0 E0 Q5 }
186. Preclusive purchasing8 W u6 I' s( F# k
187. Seizure of assets
8 q) u @5 G& P! L L 188. Dumping. x7 [& r- P" p- {, I; a
189. Selective patronage
. ^/ F1 ?7 o) A5 H* f 190. Alternative markets
4 b& W0 W1 r8 ^ 191. Alternative transportation systems
- Y }& Y" C# g 192. Alternative economic institutions& z, y: ^7 k0 m' S
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Political Intervention- B9 z% k: _& p# @! U( b
193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 H: O! Q' ^: Z3 u7 t r 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! Q, [! F, A% q4 m 195. Seeking imprisonment
- h1 q1 {/ ~5 C( k6 D 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 g' `/ U. @, X 197. Work-on without collaboration* f2 p' I% V1 k5 q" C/ U
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government9 N8 ^2 j# S( _1 h0 r& i0 X5 N- r0 X
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
