 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" _( q- y, S9 m% SFormal Statements
^ k9 n; i9 Z/ y1 W# x0 T6 Z 1. Public Speeches
! n3 _7 x3 f( P; l9 I& }% V' G 2. Letters of opposition or support; W, f; X, H; G" M8 @$ M
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
1 T4 ~9 ?: m7 g5 \ 4. Signed public statements0 B+ i* V, O: `% a+ s! `4 y g
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 P8 U- ?8 c1 [6 |) T8 ~7 k% E% G 6. Group or mass petitions
" Z) C9 h; b6 d' n- y( ]! i
j: m# M$ k0 u6 w gCommunications with a Wider Audience: k+ b1 a4 @/ I" Q, J" u( a
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 X+ K2 ], ~ I4 M) e8 r! l
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications; P- M( _+ E+ g; ^* P* G
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 I7 _# g! g+ o7 A4 t% v
10. Newspapers and journals
: q$ r& ?; ~/ X+ q/ H' N3 b; L 11. Records, radio, and television9 \( Q* n+ b9 W2 K: `' a
12. Skywriting and earthwriting: |9 S0 E( t3 O4 E' j. F
, G- W" Z l) \5 X0 w$ e- J) wGroup Representations# t' _( q- N; X( p1 I5 R% E( H
13. Deputations, J3 K9 J; ]* ?1 U) n
14. Mock awards
8 z9 J4 V4 J' F" \ 15. Group lobbying: }6 b" g) N5 ]3 _' d
16. Picketing
- \7 {0 A. m+ n$ T0 @& ]0 R 17. Mock elections9 T/ L" g* m. u' \7 ]4 r
/ W3 ~3 h. z1 n: ^- _9 f6 kSymbolic Public Acts
* u. N- k6 [" ^3 ?3 x' J1 _* F 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' G1 K9 p5 ~ J
19. Wearing of symbols6 o& m4 z/ }) u G- S9 ]' ~* a
20. Prayer and worship
1 z4 J0 Q' X3 R5 P; e! x 21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 M6 r. n& J0 u8 N 22. Protest disrobings
& o- X+ J+ O( _ 23. Destruction of own property
* x2 X) w0 M' I% a" ]8 E 24. Symbolic lights
( W F% ~. L! j h( ~) | 25. Displays of portraits4 Z$ r* f4 W# h! L% N: s4 ]9 ^6 B h
26. Paint as protest7 V( d0 M' q0 x7 `
27. New signs and names8 f6 r3 k6 u9 I4 I! H
28. Symbolic sounds
. ~( C* ?& }% ^; S3 Y# o) d- ` 29. Symbolic reclamations' C$ K. t( c0 L; G: c
30. Rude gestures
0 a7 `! V$ w5 r' W
" Q+ V4 m7 I! o& D+ a8 C2 FPressures on Individuals3 Y# O; i+ Q- q0 D
31. “Haunting” officials
$ j* u) L% ~! z* s ?3 F2 A6 x+ I 32. Taunting officials: F7 b* d) m) x ?+ Z b5 n8 y
33. Fraternization( l; I6 A4 T0 r+ h4 L
34. Vigils
7 h; I" W, `6 ~! L+ q4 Z
0 W$ n- f# I6 q; ~) G4 z# PDrama and Music
- \4 |+ @6 X! e* \ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 H. `! |9 J1 l- ]; \$ P 36. Performances of plays and music
; B' s& [% z7 q% [3 M 37. Singing
8 j1 E& ^$ b" w/ ~6 _ ?4 G# R. h1 K8 e! F
Processions
/ [2 O* ?" U5 ^! }: T% }/ W8 I 38. Marches) d8 i8 ^) j8 e- p+ g3 M
39. Parades
7 B- ?4 P. K- x& E* ^) j$ x 40. Religious processions
+ i' u" U1 R$ A, q- @4 b2 _ 41. Pilgrimages
# _. N7 W/ A! Y- f! l 42. Motorcades
# O) F6 D/ L Y
3 S3 T! x$ b$ H$ ]0 I* @3 DHonoring the Dead
1 m0 B' c# O7 V& t0 A 43. Political mourning
5 p/ u+ B+ r* Y! i 44. Mock funerals
5 Q% W. n: R. f& u# p 45. Demonstrative funerals
8 b/ B0 Y: a% G+ i$ q$ \! ] 46. Homage at burial places; u" `0 Z5 z4 v# t8 b; m% I* K
8 Y" q( L& Z0 @7 P
Public Assemblies
3 k' o! ?' d0 S* P3 u. O7 D 47. Assemblies of protest or support) q$ N# q- J- H! S% d6 s! O
48. Protest meetings/ X* W5 J" f$ c' K& a
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 A" C# \) w: S9 n! W5 _" M
50. Teach-ins
5 x" g# @( h( v0 k
$ G5 C* r; n# Y7 S$ f0 IWithdrawal and Renunciation
! }' M2 d% v' [ 51. Walk-outs
" ~2 y3 w5 @! S7 c2 ^' b) y0 d: J2 T 52. Silence. D4 X4 U5 `% T4 k0 E+ \; m
53. Renouncing honors
! |$ M+ U9 U9 J: @% W; } 54. Turning one’s back; c3 Y) h4 P- _( A
! q9 z7 c: U! W% J6 ~
, {& b) S! J: J9 n) X( g& z. m: w! f- H9 J8 c& y+ |
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
0 D$ m# J- N3 P7 s: E3 H' i
, Q& \& w- H% c3 w, C( g9 f b' Y- \
! P+ r6 p0 S) ~* d8 ~- \3 l' U# _! k2 ?+ u1 C3 H2 ?+ o
Ostracism of Persons
3 V0 [+ k! _4 L8 c9 ?' @2 X 55. Social boycott
) B* L( X4 |! p3 f4 W, j4 m- r 56. Selective social boycott7 ~0 x0 I" v, j9 s- W& t' p1 j) R
57. Lysistratic nonaction# K0 g7 K0 H# a- L: s
58. Excommunication
/ e6 d+ P$ E) H( \ 59. Interdict
; R, x6 k) l% v7 U; k& w9 [' {# l1 A+ H U) G9 N
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ V: h- G, ?* c2 e0 I7 X
60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 G- @0 Y) q% B0 t5 n {
61. Boycott of social affairs
% a; F) k E% }8 Y 62. Student strike
0 V; O+ {5 h. M5 m. J/ P& h2 n 63. Social disobedience x* b: {+ b% N7 X
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ k1 t, m* O( ?$ V6 ]1 G2 r# ~8 t( N9 t2 @
Withdrawal from the Social System
" s- B8 r/ Q* v0 ]1 x! `$ F 65. Stay-at-home2 w1 r/ F! t# ] J
66. Total personal noncooperation8 ?* m: ^. h7 O4 J
67. “Flight” of workers
N6 P, [5 p+ o i/ J$ K6 y, ` 68. Sanctuary
- C, e r1 | _* C- C. g 69. Collective disappearance
6 U) H- f: I) Q7 \ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat) J! A. k2 E. `$ a5 R
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3 q0 E. s4 }9 @0 T2 e% F0 i3 Q% C
3 @5 B S2 X+ X4 X( v8 TTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; D' T1 r/ D' O+ {2 |
4 V8 Q. F% \6 a4 o9 ?$ K
3 [9 n. c1 o% a) Q6 G" j# tActions by Consumers* s" Q7 Q+ h( s+ Q6 G8 U, E
71. Consumers’ boycott
' {! _% [; T- u( G# T 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' O3 O# J0 O* g* x) l& x4 T 73. Policy of austerity; J8 W9 L: D1 {6 t
74. Rent withholding
1 P# d2 r4 M0 _- e 75. Refusal to rent
8 @2 k! o( u& w- b$ B 76. National consumers’ boycott
* S+ ]0 E8 ~0 v1 S) ]" N# Z# M 77. International consumers’ boycott
% y0 A- h- n b- g% o: h4 W4 y" Q3 \" i" b
Action by Workers and Producers
% D# h2 t# L) _# i2 M0 E0 D 78. Workmen’s boycott
. ^+ x3 z: J+ g4 k: b. a 79. Producers’ boycott. f- m$ k: p/ ^3 p( p4 d
/ O# X/ G8 ~* J) m. ^8 h9 t6 z+ |
Action by Middlemen
D# ?0 l5 _7 e' i. v( m; r 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 V9 X4 \$ O2 Q* q2 P9 H, [- T
+ J& }: Z7 z% t6 Y, P4 D. ~: oAction by Owners and Management
?* H+ \( q2 t$ K+ D 81. Traders’ boycott+ \4 f' h6 B" B- H0 v
82. Refusal to let or sell property
) u' p# A; s* U. n' v& o. f7 Q 83. Lockout- s$ [. \* F* Z7 D
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 q: `$ Z/ n8 }' n 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( J7 I# e$ g/ u7 i0 O( C+ N/ e1 B( ^; m2 x
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
: `1 _; v4 i( \/ T+ A$ _ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
0 N: X- f+ j; D3 f8 l 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- i1 _: P. X5 O* [& A; v
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; h0 V8 i* v& w# [% @ 89. Severance of funds and credit' J# b2 d/ a. t. p8 G/ _# \/ [
90. Revenue refusal$ }# g/ b4 E0 l+ b C/ T2 E' O
91. Refusal of a government’s money: n& V7 G. t7 V/ o/ ?& y8 b: s
! f/ g& ~- l8 e3 ~
Action by Governments" ^8 N$ t- ~: `5 E _
92. Domestic embargo1 j, {6 `$ Y1 {) z- a$ D' e0 V$ ^
93. Blacklisting of traders
, V9 }- Y8 C7 W" o7 ^# z 94. International sellers’ embargo
; m' w, Y W S9 Y+ }' c 95. International buyers’ embargo
+ ~ a) ?/ b$ T* R( ~ W1 A 96. International trade embargo. s9 K; _( [/ Z* n
! Q+ ^+ Y6 B" F% I. e( F6 w% }
& t6 P. X8 F b0 @ ^/ ~ I
( f! j- t2 K8 u: O8 q3 u9 k( f* sTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' w A, |/ l6 _' u9 u# S6 j
( y7 t4 n6 Y# d. ?( y2 J
) I t: I, m- g8 u' Y
Symbolic Strikes
& ?: I. z& x, i1 z9 ?) \7 g2 ? 97. Protest strike
2 F4 e3 R! e2 L! Y2 I @ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ ^8 C/ D f0 G& X! R" H5 G2 v+ X5 g
) u- g4 k1 \+ wAgricultural Strikes; c/ E6 k o$ Z
99. Peasant strike" |9 p" a+ x2 j' m6 m( y9 [, X
100. Farm Workers’ strike" U# {4 Y; V5 ]
9 x( F6 z m9 T! i9 w
Strikes by Special Groups& t J/ g" ^ |4 n1 ]% u
101. Refusal of impressed labor
. ~3 b/ z, d) x9 j8 j3 ?% N 102. Prisoners’ strike6 v5 W M/ }% X7 m
103. Craft strike
5 b* n ~# G3 E) e3 u% A: i 104. Professional strike
: B6 D9 n9 d* \2 U* Y9 k% ?
2 H1 k! P" y8 zOrdinary Industrial Strikes9 @$ w5 S1 K Q4 s4 s
105. Establishment strike
7 T2 s# O* k/ r2 { 106. Industry strike
( U1 M9 f% X' \& [6 i0 | 107. Sympathetic strike$ l7 m/ w/ O5 z& V6 D0 \
9 \. p7 P* o4 v1 j2 J* |$ e/ O0 e
Restricted Strikes
& |; N2 X, a/ y6 x- k 108. Detailed strike
" F/ S H( L S4 l! @ 109. Bumper strike) H5 z" V! w' [# w
110. Slowdown strike
/ G8 q2 |$ z R9 t- ?& T 111. Working-to-rule strike
" j$ J. X6 `! o. u5 j5 J6 l5 g1 `2 F 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ o {8 c$ r; O7 f4 h1 b. q0 z! t) S# I
113. Strike by resignation
5 ~/ z# A, x+ |# v5 } 114. Limited strike" H n' S: U+ L: l9 k
115. Selective strike
; ?4 Y1 n' Q, j2 N$ E' L0 o
% |; k1 n0 K" o& x; R! I& {Multi-Industry Strikes6 l. T" d9 ~# c
# _/ i# y: D- d$ ?# g- ?# k4 E9 y: S 116. Generalized strike
" f0 \* s( J' h5 g2 D- d; f6 Z7 Z& g1 k0 Z8 Z& M: R/ c; c3 i) @, T2 l* d+ p
117. General strike; e! l; }8 h" w4 }7 @" ^* n
( G0 N# \* {1 K7 `- j
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 A( o" k" i& K b& c4 s b( ^
9 L8 H) j L1 j 118. Hartal
7 [3 B8 [7 M6 \+ m- H
! ]5 r9 }1 X' H- U1 \ 119. Economic shutdown
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. I, k: i8 y# F0 e% u; `2 I- _8 h 2 ?2 j# _9 B( s6 L5 e" K+ w
5 }, l* I9 p/ Q2 ITHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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, {$ N# {7 L& @6 F5 l1 `) l6 J0 P! O 4 @" L7 ~8 n. n0 R1 v
Rejection of Authority- \: `+ q3 J/ d/ A8 a( H
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance s$ r/ N1 z. G/ B
121. Refusal of public support
* l6 D1 Y! E" ?1 G: M. T5 L+ _6 F 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance* z3 d( Z' Y; Q X" F2 r& ]6 U
" J' V. U: W9 A1 P L" TCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
3 p, U3 B( }$ p+ O1 I6 O5 a 123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ b* n; L* z- x# [
124. Boycott of elections
& M- c1 v& E4 { ^ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, n8 J7 ]5 }2 o8 ^2 Q; T/ b 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% t( Q5 R" I! |4 r U3 ?4 G
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
}, t. F3 D4 G w 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 E P m6 y4 `- c0 R" y! |7 W- x/ b
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 K- |. ^0 L8 l
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( E+ U) a% O4 C* U* o9 Q' A& \ l& k7 J 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& J% r. X4 q1 K( s* E8 M+ n 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions J* _" p, ^6 Y; w+ m6 D1 V
, m( ]5 j! o3 ^9 m9 h% ]
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 m- G) `4 O; f# l# | 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* h( D( X6 a- u1 V3 u$ ?. A- ` 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ S9 q- P- ~: c. S' E! b5 G3 ` 135. Popular nonobedience4 e7 x1 P% Q- { n
136. Disguised disobedience. p" Q) A6 l$ C5 R1 a
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 ^/ Y5 B& @' t2 C! I
138. Sitdown
2 M" u9 ^, o7 g; G+ \3 p2 ~% U 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) b$ o% O% J' n% n9 w$ |& N 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 l& o. U( O' v
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 b j: b# b% m5 O6 o' R
: g+ [( e' _& s% u; y% uAction by Government Personnel5 c" |9 K, c+ r! a3 }, q
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 a/ s' G; J$ ]: V
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* \- i0 x& F3 c: T" M7 q! y& K 144. Stalling and obstruction7 T0 F5 r1 o1 x( v
145. General administrative noncooperation( d7 p7 y0 w& l
! B3 w5 W* ?' u: c1 E
146. Judicial noncooperation/ U; B# A% E$ g" |
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
8 c" }' @$ L- }; } 148. Mutiny
3 C5 l- T7 A: q, {0 RDomestic Governmental Action1 Y+ n; M3 {# m; w
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ M: m& N+ K3 i; h: Y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
_* Q- t8 L' F$ R6 _4 ^$ Z* t7 h0 j
International Governmental Action
6 B0 o" S8 F9 o- i 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
7 L3 {# b/ j( n; w. f 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* _" Z" M3 B s
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! N6 s/ k2 n: f7 w; l( q U
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
2 j( m) L% N! I6 e8 S2 _0 H 155. Withdrawal from international organizations: i; l% K# V$ @& x! `
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ n" R( L. r2 c. ]/ [
157. Expulsion from international organizations
]2 U7 M$ R. s, O% E1 t3 j1 X/ a3 u' F+ o% y7 x. O ` i: F+ |
6 `( q7 C% g" W% q9 M4 S3 d7 b+ U9 V ?# Z& ^0 h8 C' \5 h
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
: n' S* d8 I6 c( {& ^- e( e9 p8 T" [/ x: i( v# i& J5 ~& `' O u
: c0 u! J2 K5 B' SPsychological Intervention% Y+ O. ~% I0 R$ T5 i, v
158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 R i0 P2 b/ D' C9 S3 G& a 159. The fast+ o" d; |2 U5 X
a) Fast of moral pressure. c0 K ^" B4 l) }5 N, s7 |
b) Hunger strike
2 O1 [9 Q5 W1 E, A3 U% L c) Satyagrahic fast$ m* n+ b# j) G% c, d, S; J' O, {1 p
160. Reverse trial
7 l* C% H% ~, @+ a& c4 U7 ?, N: V) b 161. Nonviolent harassment Z7 C% I% u2 h2 @/ Z
q& [, ^1 S) G; _; M+ w
Physical Intervention5 S; I4 A# q$ E2 {$ _$ b
162. Sit-in! o$ ~" \# Q& E! e S7 |$ \3 Y
163. Stand-in. q+ u, j/ V& O; d! Z) k
164. Ride-in$ H& y' n# m) G& i# c
165. Wade-in
( `) w Q" O+ H) i7 M: J5 Y5 @/ u 166. Mill-in5 f, p& I+ K+ R1 B
167. Pray-in P7 R4 _. A- r% _9 [+ n
168. Nonviolent raids
) B; a% H$ e, A( }: J* n. x# l b 169. Nonviolent air raids1 b4 I( N- Y3 Q1 w# k
170. Nonviolent invasion
) @$ L- I% S0 U* \" q" o! K) a5 v% | 171. Nonviolent interjection2 t/ f5 r& W, F9 s
172. Nonviolent obstruction4 T7 ^9 ~4 R2 r
173. Nonviolent occupation/ {6 ~. V. q! |* s; C1 J: N
' f. G/ [0 _3 d& E% B$ DSocial Intervention. }! x1 U; u$ l4 E4 e
174. Establishing new social patterns
* g( q3 K) _0 K5 b: y% U( Q 175. Overloading of facilities0 w1 t5 ?8 E& U/ y8 U
176. Stall-in+ o$ U" p; A& Z: Q" P6 Z9 J
177. Speak-in3 J6 ]1 o. ], h# {( y; d
178. Guerrilla theater1 m- K) ~9 q8 v! Y& J3 v: Q3 ~
179. Alternative social institutions
6 J X' v. k6 p6 [& S: E, V 180. Alternative communication system* M5 n$ ]0 s6 n: B6 ]. U8 Y
! B' _8 [+ e# J5 ]/ n
Economic Intervention
) ]# z% C" e5 k9 ^# w. u9 @ 181. Reverse strike
2 d$ F- v/ I5 I4 y, |5 h# Z 182. Stay-in strike
9 @; p# z4 z. j5 \ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
: a+ Y0 ?6 ^' I4 _% W3 r 184. Defiance of blockades0 ]4 b) D# W5 a5 ^2 x
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 J! i: r ^, x. L# c" i0 h! l4 c
186. Preclusive purchasing1 z2 L: L" k. F7 j
187. Seizure of assets
& R( \/ T" L! }% @ 188. Dumping
' N& p3 i& x6 B: L 189. Selective patronage
" ^+ E# E3 I3 a. F/ {+ R 190. Alternative markets- H8 z2 g/ a/ Q' e7 q3 @
191. Alternative transportation systems
4 t! p+ v/ Z. p: n+ l' z& n% m; Y) l 192. Alternative economic institutions. k) ~: ^, w+ q- O8 h& C# j: Q
# H, y/ A9 u; J# m5 |. }: B4 O' _Political Intervention: }1 f4 m- S$ R- N# I' o# u: S' A0 r3 \
193. Overloading of administrative systems
, N$ r9 C7 ?1 X: F* K+ Q7 E' Y7 N 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 S5 S: V/ j1 w* y 195. Seeking imprisonment
& [4 u, w7 v9 T: i3 m" U" s 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 P7 S% @ [8 b* [6 D9 Y
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 \1 ^/ x& Y/ r2 v# b2 ^& q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
