 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, a6 w2 D4 q3 q+ {, _Formal Statements7 b3 H2 \% _6 \7 m! A% [
1. Public Speeches4 l2 b0 [ O, Y A$ D0 x
2. Letters of opposition or support7 M# x; d! u; H
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 n1 k3 n7 u% j6 Q+ j
4. Signed public statements$ Z" f$ A6 N+ Q6 x3 l- k
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 j/ J4 P; q) ?$ ]: M& f: b 6. Group or mass petitions
+ s* N8 M# V9 r7 h8 v( ~6 T0 V }4 t* s* C) W& c
Communications with a Wider Audience
/ J* u+ C4 }" r( \6 m$ L: }6 l 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 L$ O5 p+ D! p 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' d9 Y* J0 s4 x; @, D8 C4 Z$ c 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: w& ]2 ?9 o1 e8 a' D 10. Newspapers and journals
l2 V) C% z$ B5 v6 }8 y 11. Records, radio, and television
! K& z" t2 S! A' D. M1 b3 l1 B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* m# W+ ]) t. z) ?! B0 K! B* p$ f: ?' M% E7 F
Group Representations! [3 R7 `. x0 ?8 V( V/ C4 I
13. Deputations$ n$ I* ]" d+ u: n* _4 J3 \" s
14. Mock awards }+ W# ^( y0 a% V5 E
15. Group lobbying
; y, E' V8 w3 |0 {; r 16. Picketing& c# U2 L3 B5 w9 y6 q* D
17. Mock elections
. J( S$ b8 u* H9 z# Y$ B8 z2 E/ l P" M- c; Z$ O5 ?: n2 i
Symbolic Public Acts
- o8 `$ s+ j+ d/ O) U 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( R5 Q) j0 X- }& z6 B; \& @# b
19. Wearing of symbols
! ] m0 r3 Z8 m/ p 20. Prayer and worship
9 A7 e. _" h6 O5 @- ]- ?; E 21. Delivering symbolic objects) l7 {, R5 f& K) ^- h" N' }0 z
22. Protest disrobings
: E9 ~5 u9 |3 _! K E* y$ q. \1 p 23. Destruction of own property* S8 |$ G7 |* S( F( m
24. Symbolic lights
$ d5 b- Y. Y. K" ~ 25. Displays of portraits- p- |! ^; M! w4 h
26. Paint as protest2 D) c7 c) T$ u- a$ ^( V) {, X
27. New signs and names5 A' z/ k3 |/ k/ w) i# ]' ~5 x. a
28. Symbolic sounds8 s ]- `+ K' M, j' }
29. Symbolic reclamations
/ s" C( g) w/ Q( U6 b0 U 30. Rude gestures
3 L! u9 `0 ?. r) o L( l0 C9 a
( V$ A. V& @" }4 U8 @' F% F; ]Pressures on Individuals! ~# ^' P6 D! B1 L1 B2 u
31. “Haunting” officials# r4 R- d3 J3 c3 ~% i
32. Taunting officials) A4 O6 A1 O6 G
33. Fraternization6 z4 K; @' h3 s: G: U) ?% Y
34. Vigils- w4 O6 d6 k0 }+ J
5 C8 Z7 d; { P; UDrama and Music
( o" v' ~% Q; k/ p7 Z) v 35. Humorous skits and pranks$ _6 |* {/ `8 V2 D
36. Performances of plays and music
( F$ d9 \; ~; \5 m/ _2 { 37. Singing
0 N- F; P+ q/ g$ H% A1 d
) a6 d& U% X$ g( o3 q0 Y* nProcessions
9 u( s& u- ]! I; e 38. Marches
2 P9 R( }. D4 j1 n 39. Parades
1 T2 P- @1 \0 n$ H, F 40. Religious processions+ C) l, S3 \" q+ k
41. Pilgrimages" z5 c& H" R# X. V
42. Motorcades: K9 h; Q }4 r1 }/ z" C
4 W$ Z2 D7 W$ [$ P" \) fHonoring the Dead
9 g9 m- ]: g% o/ v) i; M 43. Political mourning/ Y+ s: _0 f% ]5 U1 b* z
44. Mock funerals
8 ^7 ]! O+ A) s4 @9 I- q. J9 m& _ 45. Demonstrative funerals( U% E* K+ ]1 }5 }. m
46. Homage at burial places* t/ b1 a7 h3 E2 I1 S
% I% k5 n$ X1 IPublic Assemblies7 p C4 v# o$ T" e6 y0 O+ F. j
47. Assemblies of protest or support+ e2 t8 }( b4 {3 c
48. Protest meetings, u; ]- d8 F0 I, a+ n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 a. \: N- j- L' }4 X; F" _
50. Teach-ins
5 J u& r( G0 G( p6 r+ X$ H0 ]1 a7 T: T3 _6 z$ }1 N( |8 [
Withdrawal and Renunciation
: S- P. F7 J1 k, B/ g! M! E O, I 51. Walk-outs
' C0 p7 a' Z: k& K" D 52. Silence
y3 W; m$ q- o- I 53. Renouncing honors0 S3 M* d. R' q/ Z: I. ?5 P+ p
54. Turning one’s back
( ]/ o {! i+ ]8 [
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5 h5 h& n) g9 G
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
0 l( T: C5 Y) N) q& _% U
5 V4 {( p. S2 Y% m, e, V
3 ~: ]5 n1 v; J
3 W: L4 E! w5 R. k, x& H3 \Ostracism of Persons
5 j: h; R* {! q& V 55. Social boycott
' l& E' r6 t5 S7 c( j* z- X# X 56. Selective social boycott! ?/ R v, @# |$ S# ?
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# \! H8 r! Y( D: f 58. Excommunication' |, @& _( p8 @0 X% Q
59. Interdict8 u+ P9 [2 |7 g3 R, y2 ~
& x0 u! `! U% A# b" Y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 o" H6 J4 R: { [ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) L2 h, B# ~7 B/ B$ P2 g6 u 61. Boycott of social affairs
+ Q5 t: q: J2 F! ~5 N* t 62. Student strike; `5 w+ `3 m% r! E& `
63. Social disobedience
, `3 W: J+ _* G! ]2 f4 M 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
( o; g% \9 n3 B, q% s8 r. X+ ?1 L2 }4 t! q4 Y* y
Withdrawal from the Social System
0 E. E; A, G8 n 65. Stay-at-home$ o8 L. n1 y! w- B
66. Total personal noncooperation. X4 f5 P9 f6 }: d
67. “Flight” of workers
8 N; g: l& D& k 68. Sanctuary
$ N3 j$ b/ }0 l 69. Collective disappearance
! k* g) S5 h2 O 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
E5 Z- y: A0 O. H, h- E% I* s! |4 n, i+ y/ k6 I: m0 M
6 X; C$ \3 a2 a/ }
5 }8 e7 [2 I9 n/ [7 J. c( ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 Q ~* }& e0 N: k7 E- x1 k
4 j0 d* S/ ^8 o) x/ {" M x 6 ^$ J4 k; ~0 v$ ]. Q* S. j8 u
Actions by Consumers- g( d' [8 E- M1 K3 @/ a' ]7 n# J, B
71. Consumers’ boycott
: B3 C" `. T, A7 o 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 l% _% b% c+ I, N9 y R6 N3 h( [ 73. Policy of austerity4 z9 \! q) P0 V
74. Rent withholding
& F( i0 D! R8 n/ z2 Z0 o5 F: u$ @ 75. Refusal to rent- G- y9 `! [; }8 }$ |
76. National consumers’ boycott
3 v O: `* h$ V2 ? 77. International consumers’ boycott/ x# u/ @1 Y W. S" S) A
9 B/ e3 }/ Z8 s6 @( y! w
Action by Workers and Producers( j" Z: R+ S8 k: R* {) \" x( P
78. Workmen’s boycott0 f8 K( Y( t1 h, u$ k
79. Producers’ boycott. G& _" p2 P. D
5 H5 s% M5 t- L) `9 g
Action by Middlemen
0 C4 w* k7 b( J' V 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 W" ^. o/ o O3 F' Y* s/ I
" Z& K: N0 u6 C( X2 d; @Action by Owners and Management
, V: Q7 K( C" v- w$ w 81. Traders’ boycott; A& h- S, J" d( W5 u. [2 f% K
82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 e9 Z# ]) r6 e5 J 83. Lockout
& F1 x0 k T5 o* D 84. Refusal of industrial assistance" N( n$ o! ]8 V( v$ S
85. Merchants’ “general strike”' j2 U% F3 b# n/ B* ~1 p
9 T* j6 b" i3 [' u
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
* C) \) S8 ]- H& ~ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 \$ W, V: r# v0 g1 z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& U7 n2 `; g( ]2 j+ A) M1 L# b 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 T. }! y8 ]9 y3 P3 q5 W; s" i
89. Severance of funds and credit
+ z+ @, Z: U. j 90. Revenue refusal
, Z+ Z: X. m( ~% E I 91. Refusal of a government’s money% u% w; s* B4 k9 S: {4 t0 t) U6 R5 ]
* S9 d% m& |/ d% J2 VAction by Governments- D2 @3 Q5 ~- i7 D8 M! y# l
92. Domestic embargo; I9 H& H8 n" D% @
93. Blacklisting of traders% u$ h8 `5 b6 r
94. International sellers’ embargo
2 A% h E' a7 i* H3 } 95. International buyers’ embargo
( p, |. Z* J9 p X5 a0 s8 J 96. International trade embargo! I& l8 s! ?) B& o
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4 H- U0 C" e5 x3 P& j
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
& X# b% e+ ?* |: h3 ^3 }1 d
5 ?$ n+ |1 }) d# @3 e
8 D) y s/ f6 x: [8 @ {$ pSymbolic Strikes
+ A4 S! g1 j" E) v# b- j0 S8 q 97. Protest strike& j4 M7 F" H1 W! x9 I
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 x8 g/ b: z0 N$ h3 C, {. G
4 H# y" U" S7 H" j. i+ S! F7 [
Agricultural Strikes9 `( ~; O1 G! i* |* w& H3 r! M
99. Peasant strike! _* @( E( ?6 K' E2 j$ x
100. Farm Workers’ strike
V2 s1 i" E: `, [. r, V7 z( R; y& X* \4 S; W, P1 J
Strikes by Special Groups, Y! q3 ]# x3 C7 S. ]
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 \! b) x5 _ b/ ^5 L 102. Prisoners’ strike
( \3 m) ~3 _7 U: c( ?4 D 103. Craft strike1 A5 ^8 f# ^- A# R
104. Professional strike, U2 F8 h8 }. J+ N, P y
% e$ A% ]( Q' X! ^. }Ordinary Industrial Strikes
5 }2 U' d4 |0 y4 ^$ { 105. Establishment strike
' [! _8 S9 U) ] z0 Y8 _: \8 K 106. Industry strike
' ~$ I% x1 x' ]* A 107. Sympathetic strike
! _/ C; O' y, o* n: R0 c8 x) R& x5 M" ~: w1 T
Restricted Strikes! F" ~6 H, {; O
108. Detailed strike
+ g9 d/ d) w) P4 ]" P' N 109. Bumper strike
- ]) A$ z* L/ W" P 110. Slowdown strike! C# X! p% ^. D0 a2 d
111. Working-to-rule strike
* a2 Z, g& |6 C4 b' ]8 z) O2 Q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ J- S `0 z* B v 113. Strike by resignation
1 \8 X4 |7 Y A8 D; b" _ h1 F& S/ c 114. Limited strike) Y( l$ `# u7 T) k6 X" w" d9 _
115. Selective strike) `$ ?! I: j) o$ |0 w
3 M: Y; L$ d7 Y) x! C) E0 }+ s$ [Multi-Industry Strikes4 z2 {, g! N/ G6 }' A# f" Y
4 U9 F0 K' J' l9 i4 e; `+ i 116. Generalized strike. e" u* p4 `/ o. s! B6 {5 p
# V! b7 \! V& I0 @. J
117. General strike& d- J3 T' ^( @7 `' f1 q, T5 x
9 Q5 x; y$ `5 f5 I2 dCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 w+ k( _% _4 o$ t' u' e
6 B- o6 i3 w+ i Q 118. Hartal
2 M" _0 R% c' Z( N1 P5 A4 N% ]! Q0 B) {/ y
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION/ D$ U0 q( a5 ?0 w4 Q* z
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* @9 d. G9 @& {. ]' Q
Rejection of Authority
! H* p" A/ r( Z' q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ E2 z; L4 L& C5 J O: s
121. Refusal of public support9 g- p2 o/ h% l$ {- J( c
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: e. v5 o- ?+ c& S2 m$ k' ]7 b0 q* k( ?3 `+ a6 m! r7 k
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' Q/ d' S$ x$ W( R0 F/ S4 X 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 L G- W' ?0 m& L1 F I 124. Boycott of elections$ P( q6 ?, k6 @. w- S: l o
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- H+ A! X# s; a$ [; ?- m9 _; W$ R 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 I( u8 n% A5 {1 {4 w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 }1 @9 h% C, C4 y3 E7 a; J 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( w4 N5 p. s0 u. Z' P; U
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents- J1 w$ M( H8 S: n# \( }' U
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& }% T. u4 ?. o7 K6 |4 ] 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 D. d0 ?" C" i- o7 m) b 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. n9 W" x0 E) j7 i V
+ w! [' }, T# ]1 \$ v4 x
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 c5 m" s" T% t, R1 _% S 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 m, K3 i; c& E; n" Q# g 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ d& a2 F2 e4 {5 s a _4 @
135. Popular nonobedience/ s5 k& [& I. G% l% {
136. Disguised disobedience, ^$ l: W h Z' e y
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* e5 U5 f; H6 b% g 138. Sitdown
$ b$ r/ V9 o$ w 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; r6 V% F: p+ k H& U
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities" b) C2 K2 R0 X* E Q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
7 I- R; F: ^2 e- Y ?: F1 [& S# Z/ |9 D* R9 t/ M( S
Action by Government Personnel6 \, l0 V4 n, e* a4 E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 p$ {, x# j9 U/ F
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ @, `, w7 Z6 |4 P& q 144. Stalling and obstruction9 y- `! G5 i3 o; b
145. General administrative noncooperation
! ~) g0 R" v, Z$ O0 C- z: b0 ~5 ?" d E
146. Judicial noncooperation
9 G. o8 G. |) Q! Q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; J$ k% V, t+ B' d& h 148. Mutiny5 o# d2 E: R3 z# b, w$ x
Domestic Governmental Action2 }; G- k' P6 t9 I3 |# ^9 g% Z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 z7 m: E% L- U( z4 \ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" a) } {* T6 C) F6 Z! a, n
) x5 i A8 e6 t5 @; A
International Governmental Action
4 j8 ]6 p2 N a8 Z9 o! Q% l 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, n/ G& W6 P; k5 [! J 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 p: A2 i5 W: Q. f# L+ z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! y6 q- l2 h, @# f' [2 a 154. Severance of diplomatic relations- ^, ~" H1 ?' L# a: a& ~
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
0 J/ Y4 M7 X" r, {& z 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 f2 U% j( r! |% w/ C
157. Expulsion from international organizations3 n1 T% \, V. y
8 ?2 G9 H( `) E
( i; a7 |; m3 Z+ S9 n
8 \% [$ |3 e. R, t" \THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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5 E* {5 f" U2 h7 y. M
Psychological Intervention
, u) A' C8 I& W) E) u; ]0 ^1 n 158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ h/ g6 J; w2 L 159. The fast4 ~" J6 w! W g/ A0 J
a) Fast of moral pressure6 \+ W* V& I+ v9 B+ N1 ]
b) Hunger strike2 Y' V# c9 f2 @# z
c) Satyagrahic fast
7 O2 {" I9 `8 e9 {2 T; }% t 160. Reverse trial
8 o5 W2 e; U2 S5 Q4 c2 [! q 161. Nonviolent harassment
% E) x* _# X* _) M5 z# t$ z2 Z' ~ s' d% E
Physical Intervention# }5 K/ [) x. g7 a. H6 t
162. Sit-in' {, x9 _0 N( Z# Z8 k$ V
163. Stand-in7 n* R R' j) G/ l; \2 `+ q" c' X
164. Ride-in4 ^- K4 L! ~: b' S
165. Wade-in+ G$ u1 a4 g% _0 \+ ]+ _: J" m
166. Mill-in3 s6 y5 I, [% y$ x
167. Pray-in' t: w$ w% r0 A( E/ }
168. Nonviolent raids- `) P2 L* `+ k. L$ Y* [* M
169. Nonviolent air raids
; ]! K* }1 v0 ] 170. Nonviolent invasion# k/ G5 s e9 E3 q+ F
171. Nonviolent interjection/ s: V* G, r# d+ P, J4 b
172. Nonviolent obstruction
' N: f& m# D* l u; J 173. Nonviolent occupation
2 m8 {( E* e0 a; U* {
7 m8 g: l: F( e+ S* x2 b9 pSocial Intervention
' t$ F- X6 U3 B) p 174. Establishing new social patterns8 @+ k% l6 t, \4 ]9 K
175. Overloading of facilities3 U! n, h" l. c
176. Stall-in
2 u z* W" v% V$ w 177. Speak-in$ K7 U9 V) }( P
178. Guerrilla theater; J/ s) K' R5 e4 m
179. Alternative social institutions- i% {9 _4 _5 v# l- J) p
180. Alternative communication system" [& c J+ V& a
" k+ {2 v, ]( X* d N5 kEconomic Intervention
$ y. `5 z4 w/ }9 N. _) [ 181. Reverse strike" c5 L+ q } h
182. Stay-in strike1 G& U3 O6 S$ y8 L: x, B* g
183. Nonviolent land seizure
( l) o4 W9 ?" [2 X6 @' b 184. Defiance of blockades# P" k9 v% u3 A3 @
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- t: x& p+ q1 Z! U5 f& |; c5 t# O8 W
186. Preclusive purchasing
% q3 n# }6 z" P 187. Seizure of assets
, h/ o: d2 [ q2 l, m 188. Dumping
+ H8 h X( {# \2 ]! Y/ N 189. Selective patronage; S) e7 }1 F1 x1 m" E
190. Alternative markets$ W n5 f% Q3 `. B9 }8 `/ t; t
191. Alternative transportation systems
: a. W2 I6 P' N2 `' B: M: q' { 192. Alternative economic institutions
: t+ W. c9 a3 |, r/ z% B: {
2 ^6 S' ?1 W+ h, Q9 r( rPolitical Intervention
( l4 V; B: P, f, \! Y& |6 V2 K* M 193. Overloading of administrative systems- b" V, F( m' ]" T% f, I0 \
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, ~+ m j) i. _ n
195. Seeking imprisonment
& |1 y2 F0 {# Z# |' u o 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; k% R7 N! s$ q+ }7 }. B
197. Work-on without collaboration
4 g, f" t4 F" h8 p, t& q/ c- Q: { 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' r! ]; }) y" U6 u( a1 N
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
