 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' g8 f5 v$ I" h. m
Formal Statements
) {% t9 l3 z) R: ? 1. Public Speeches
5 I8 [; k! p2 Y. [! _ 2. Letters of opposition or support& K6 A) v! k+ d) R/ [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# t7 K& f- C/ w; [/ p 4. Signed public statements
" c5 J0 O! J! v) ` 5. Declarations of indictment and intention' R" X8 A, J3 I" J
6. Group or mass petitions
" r8 V% \& b6 ]
# n' y: T8 M$ tCommunications with a Wider Audience) t5 m, E, G4 C5 o! D! b
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 e- E+ ?2 ^) A1 U! A5 n% e' r 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications& V' m% A9 v/ G! l+ j
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ _0 J7 ` e1 m/ t, }6 e5 N 10. Newspapers and journals7 D* d% _: ?: O/ x3 E& Z
11. Records, radio, and television
6 ^) h: F6 [* L; R, r1 V2 ? 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. r* j! [5 ]% a0 ^0 O* X
% n' F9 m( O% Z3 f" xGroup Representations
) C+ N: x- N- U" A ^" Z4 Y 13. Deputations2 |( @3 v9 t: [- Z; n
14. Mock awards( m8 S: a3 N$ v% N
15. Group lobbying0 M. i5 S1 O4 R- j) P+ [/ [! ~
16. Picketing/ w# N$ v7 X7 r0 T* ~% L
17. Mock elections
5 K& b% ?3 Y8 e9 H% h" ~! J( D: w7 x) e
Symbolic Public Acts
2 p& a7 G7 V% N O* r- Y+ V 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- f) R. d0 n9 _8 ^" A! T 19. Wearing of symbols
" T" n0 w: E4 Q 20. Prayer and worship
& @7 R n2 g: i( ?( r. Z& ] 21. Delivering symbolic objects7 e8 l' u5 }. I* K4 b: C! m
22. Protest disrobings" T4 v# s5 j1 S. Z; S7 w) O- x, W
23. Destruction of own property
, g3 I4 Y. J S5 B& V$ W 24. Symbolic lights
! _6 X. U( R0 l. p 25. Displays of portraits4 A p& T0 K- p0 j( n4 i
26. Paint as protest" _( F1 I4 i! N- J
27. New signs and names
. V: f8 h+ E4 ]1 }) q: U% q, K 28. Symbolic sounds0 G, }/ |; l7 \. B
29. Symbolic reclamations
6 D6 U( W' V* m2 w 30. Rude gestures: v- [& R5 m9 r/ F0 r% k- \
- R7 O0 U+ y# I; n
Pressures on Individuals
7 q2 e9 B. f' m* g 31. “Haunting” officials" p! F1 u0 |5 {6 v0 c- }
32. Taunting officials
9 _6 o* `* U3 o0 }4 j/ Q: | 33. Fraternization' t- K# ^7 o: Q) U) J, R2 X: U k
34. Vigils7 K4 Y8 S: W2 Z# G
! w1 `9 L; V/ S( X4 i M! g3 Y9 QDrama and Music; f+ X/ G8 `, b5 c6 c' y
35. Humorous skits and pranks
! i j7 c0 Q- t$ m9 Y* ~ 36. Performances of plays and music* z7 { B# g5 P5 D p) D2 b
37. Singing
! L) A- ` w) ?* w
$ @' t% ^3 E A1 Y/ i1 P8 [Processions
% x9 h3 C* _- X9 f; o 38. Marches9 `; s; D" X2 V, P% x
39. Parades
% K, \/ k$ ^0 z" s$ F* ^/ o- @ 40. Religious processions
6 j" o2 C" S i3 [: d+ @ 41. Pilgrimages
: j* t$ n1 E! s2 a' ? 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead6 [) r2 h& N" E e
43. Political mourning
) Y5 e" B# H1 Z* i 44. Mock funerals: w: G' B) Q# H9 h5 P
45. Demonstrative funerals9 S5 P0 k ?0 Y& Y' W @. ^' t
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies7 Y A# M: `# E; v! ]
47. Assemblies of protest or support! b- F. ~6 `; p
48. Protest meetings, J' p" |+ Q y0 U
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) o' L/ z0 ~$ Z8 F6 u% `. j p
50. Teach-ins+ f8 A; T5 T2 ?& `- ~' c5 X8 u
9 R1 ^; n& o" ?% P3 c" Y% q' L
Withdrawal and Renunciation
1 ?7 R9 _6 T6 C 51. Walk-outs
; j; R6 R1 x) o' X; r- Q9 D 52. Silence
) _' F- u$ e" W3 u 53. Renouncing honors( {% V1 m1 }9 q% E! t$ f+ K5 ]' p
54. Turning one’s back
6 M# q; H; r0 d8 {9 G/ s# }. z. q- ~
6 p( Z& f, n5 T7 |" g4 r2 `1 ]# A
# k, Y1 Z7 Y2 n3 _3 [+ @0 L2 L5 S4 t. ?: R: Q; b
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
' ]! U( I6 k. `. ?' P& {3 N9 a1 K; l! e* ]) \3 ?
1 {: Q* d o5 k# x
: ~) f: u% p/ O6 P3 `$ Z( e( i/ M" F
Ostracism of Persons
4 J5 ?2 X3 K2 M* |$ Q 55. Social boycott
1 h: _+ h7 C4 C5 x* K0 B' Y 56. Selective social boycott
\! b: C: }) s+ O8 }, ]# m 57. Lysistratic nonaction3 G: K' k: f# O
58. Excommunication+ ?- H5 K) v; _" \8 e" J9 Z
59. Interdict
3 P9 M, }0 l; O9 H" W$ t9 h% h5 C+ @
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 |$ O: Z( I. w2 } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' C& ?7 F9 `2 J+ r/ k. |/ [) ~: N
61. Boycott of social affairs4 Z* Y, G% X+ c
62. Student strike
" W* G$ E% b" U/ L- ?2 N 63. Social disobedience
5 X0 _! ]" X( b7 H 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ `, M$ |" ] ~: s3 s, T5 a1 A/ W2 v6 T
Withdrawal from the Social System
; @% J7 P4 C0 R" c, u6 E 65. Stay-at-home
0 {1 l5 Y$ B3 I$ k& \ 66. Total personal noncooperation
" c: q* }0 c- [ 67. “Flight” of workers
! d0 g7 r% w% E2 ^- h; | 68. Sanctuary6 d! Y+ m- P A6 Z7 W* F
69. Collective disappearance; p2 `: V4 y# D4 b8 n8 h9 z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' q/ `6 w1 g; A6 G; ~! O% ?9 d! k2 ^. }
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 E" o. |4 Z5 V" }9 N) I$ D+ E
# W5 V9 i% T# o$ W+ r. I3 x( E 7 D' d. e* \8 O) z8 X) H# V
Actions by Consumers
0 s3 ]) C" T: X& s 71. Consumers’ boycott
! e# e& T3 C, t! i 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 X; U4 L! X: r( e7 O; ?0 `% d 73. Policy of austerity4 a: @$ b8 @/ v4 K% S8 o8 E& u: U
74. Rent withholding
; S7 J& U" z8 `9 M: E7 { 75. Refusal to rent) U; P K% [! e b+ u% t
76. National consumers’ boycott
2 q4 G1 w" t! X6 M ` 77. International consumers’ boycott
5 d( ~- h7 j7 E! b* t" l1 P; z+ ]) y" b5 c1 _/ p
Action by Workers and Producers; {) m1 Z( I- |9 d" {; H5 m# U! J* Q
78. Workmen’s boycott) ~9 _% `0 W b6 c7 ~
79. Producers’ boycott
3 C; h. Q% Z1 F8 ~, o; R/ @* e; j2 v3 v: N- O: [# |' D& _- i
Action by Middlemen" Z; _- O) a) {, U! N! G6 O
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
l9 P! W5 W* X, |$ g
, |+ h( z, ?; p. r% CAction by Owners and Management ?+ G2 Z2 R/ Z6 ~' d% u
81. Traders’ boycott7 n6 c! q5 d& d1 C0 ^2 h
82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 Q9 d6 N& V( l1 A1 H' _ 83. Lockout5 j, z4 z9 U9 y4 R
84. Refusal of industrial assistance6 N% \+ n5 D5 @- v: @$ j: \
85. Merchants’ “general strike”% e6 J$ y* H5 M4 X
+ q# x7 E# L1 T# J: A
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
9 p8 q4 d: ?/ Q- {1 N2 C$ G! d 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. P- E4 N, G; K4 J0 X
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" c( J# M/ Y3 ?1 ~0 {% m: K
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: j- J. B8 Y1 `5 I 89. Severance of funds and credit
( c# f' n: l4 U' o4 @ 90. Revenue refusal
+ w# P m( A/ ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money# w6 K2 }8 O" I' l& o2 L
$ K2 k# X3 D# c' _& I# BAction by Governments- i( g& t k* E" j3 ~& A5 O
92. Domestic embargo
' w" U3 U4 ~' c# F; h2 N. b 93. Blacklisting of traders% r2 h9 b$ J/ L% ~
94. International sellers’ embargo
: f8 F# r5 A, s4 U& [$ \ 95. International buyers’ embargo
3 _0 q+ k5 N$ f8 b# s+ @: m4 V 96. International trade embargo7 ]3 w. ~4 t$ R
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' E: B& g% `8 C4 uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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3 E4 z0 K! `, G& \" L; Y, i5 nSymbolic Strikes! \3 s* m0 V" A) M% `7 i" K
97. Protest strike
8 d& y8 o: {3 W7 j% V1 M 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
/ x P% ?8 u9 X+ k" ?8 w+ \5 A' j7 c! `! S9 v9 S% B
Agricultural Strikes
3 B* U( d: N2 J8 {. Z/ d# i 99. Peasant strike. \5 k/ ?% ?7 Z4 |# I2 s
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 Y! u, W# Q( y) Z6 i2 k* S
+ E" }, ~- U! p/ eStrikes by Special Groups+ w2 G9 S+ ?% r' U! {' \
101. Refusal of impressed labor
; r! }, W, d1 g1 @ 102. Prisoners’ strike
. B' l/ Z" X" [' }0 @' G 103. Craft strike: p% `; d1 L5 L+ n% ]
104. Professional strike
0 _" d" C M( x4 y9 U5 e4 ]: o
( k. z7 N. G2 }0 EOrdinary Industrial Strikes) @% c' r9 D' W) [
105. Establishment strike
; ~0 K. Z/ w+ g6 K5 P2 K, n/ r 106. Industry strike
( E3 h! A& t! i 107. Sympathetic strike
8 V1 E; q: S4 u" ~' S
, ^* w% p, [' I6 o* w9 z gRestricted Strikes
8 e- _) D& Q2 U6 t ?6 k 108. Detailed strike
0 z$ q% G6 }6 f1 r3 ^# B/ d 109. Bumper strike
' u7 I# E3 ? U 110. Slowdown strike Y# E! K, r, {
111. Working-to-rule strike0 G& I. O$ s7 ?1 h. H
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 G9 \$ Y& C0 |8 d 113. Strike by resignation
6 }- R1 v8 F1 _5 g( w 114. Limited strike( W1 y5 Q* f% c5 o: ~- i- V! ~
115. Selective strike" C- [3 @/ }% e `) J; e
( O7 K( `: C6 C, X# \0 iMulti-Industry Strikes. ?$ B0 @' T. l4 s) r
/ t( ^6 r# X) v5 V6 ^" i1 I 116. Generalized strike* ^3 O" T% j7 \
4 V/ X( z! ~5 [# f" P
117. General strike- d/ ^* a0 u5 X. S9 k7 m
% J& M. O5 C6 DCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures/ l; x0 B. @) A: h. W, k
q2 l! [) o+ |( l 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown" |9 S( M3 Y' t3 @
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1 i4 S0 n/ M3 T8 t5 K7 I/ o1 d- F4 ?9 |2 n0 t, o5 n; y+ q/ e
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 i; \2 M: D t
8 W0 r$ `: S! u
3 X+ r9 b y- ^7 `Rejection of Authority4 _$ c5 g/ C& c& C/ T' \& B. b7 k
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 |9 `2 G) v, f& E0 [/ W8 R @
121. Refusal of public support
$ z9 \+ Z5 Y; _4 W6 o$ M 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance) D+ U. r, ]& |6 S/ H0 {6 I* u
4 R% g: w' K0 c5 K' L# m8 ?7 uCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 o3 N, ]4 f( c6 y4 b 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( m. z4 a/ I& n9 z 124. Boycott of elections
' Y! i5 D2 d) u5 h) i 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( `, ]& a* U0 r5 A 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 z9 g/ |% T( r2 m6 w' z( |2 g, U3 ] 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 o0 C0 [+ H0 i2 m" u9 e( f 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 q7 p B8 T$ D1 N9 v$ J
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ A* [' |9 x+ c2 \4 E' ]
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 z, C4 }0 L$ N7 w3 { 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( [% X* `* o$ P! i: ^$ Y& |9 M
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
; T f+ g& q' f. G2 ^2 I
6 D0 I2 T- |- f) R0 g2 j' uCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% s, ?$ `6 V0 t, D/ C, _( \ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance9 h" Q( `+ P7 J) l- D
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 N% D8 p9 Z ]" |' O1 i
135. Popular nonobedience
( G1 X: X3 h& h4 } 136. Disguised disobedience9 n7 X9 H% l2 j
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
- Y- L, c/ [5 X3 @8 K" s 138. Sitdown. _! `& i( B8 w/ S
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 u& c; g9 f3 }( h; c
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% a% c7 B3 w T% }
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* o5 {1 R# y0 `0 U
5 u1 Z& m' h& i( E/ i
Action by Government Personnel/ K% N! [9 m! u1 S$ Y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* C4 [, m+ ]" ~/ |/ x& {- C 143. Blocking of lines of command and information' \' c' k/ M- C8 ?: ]- H
144. Stalling and obstruction& }2 E0 u, `: w% \% K6 r
145. General administrative noncooperation
+ B) D8 W: Y9 V: Y3 A, N
) g) L0 {; Y* W+ W/ L/ j 146. Judicial noncooperation) j( o/ z+ r: Y
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- ]( w( g4 Z( a. G
148. Mutiny& ?0 P8 x& S; ?" v; Y$ Z' |3 u
Domestic Governmental Action6 D$ M1 b; k% a$ i& L) ~; ~* u
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. M3 M& g2 E7 Q0 v. A 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; \5 f) z: @, y; S$ u7 g
/ I, U# L) C9 S$ E
International Governmental Action4 N) P4 a' v# m) E: Y
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) X- s# M$ a" M. w; }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ ?( m% h% Y. _ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' e8 z3 ^+ P1 S8 U 154. Severance of diplomatic relations# O g* s+ W: ]3 [0 G+ x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" z }4 A* L8 u7 X: V 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 _% T8 }2 r% u2 a- K
157. Expulsion from international organizations
; ^% J: m" B( Z- a: I2 F1 l; z- `6 c% }9 b9 p, A8 m: w
! X! }( j- w6 V' v7 K
8 N6 y* c$ D& mTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 K. ]) q! Z: P
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3 c$ ^) ?, Q& d+ {. lPsychological Intervention
) N/ R6 J& w$ O3 B5 @ 158. Self-exposure to the elements9 H! O$ v; M j- g6 D3 N; `3 I
159. The fast
3 g m/ U$ N! y, K a) Fast of moral pressure5 \( S% a* D7 d8 v- I
b) Hunger strike3 c4 n1 x' _0 j# C- c( g
c) Satyagrahic fast6 L" C% v- e4 C
160. Reverse trial
! h; h2 _' q4 G( Q2 @6 { 161. Nonviolent harassment
6 X( c: _% @% d2 W% h
5 K$ Q D/ V# ~$ ZPhysical Intervention8 J1 d0 p0 f( c6 q+ t1 R3 c: F
162. Sit-in$ {. I5 a) z$ v$ h. B. {& M ]
163. Stand-in
2 S* A1 {3 P5 g/ O |4 k 164. Ride-in7 H- ~. i) K2 a) i! K+ N" l
165. Wade-in+ R( K; Z! a' b; D" f: w! \# Q, [
166. Mill-in
0 ~3 A7 A0 O" M9 R. ]" _3 v 167. Pray-in
R5 p6 Q# X( ^& s- R' r( N 168. Nonviolent raids% W# ]3 Z( R/ q3 v9 {
169. Nonviolent air raids5 n0 ~3 V+ r' j( j
170. Nonviolent invasion
3 e& X( X Z. S+ m6 e3 V- y0 t2 { 171. Nonviolent interjection
, p9 Q. ?- Z/ N0 ] 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 ^ S9 ?0 N2 X: t2 i9 j
173. Nonviolent occupation
7 S! R, n1 b# N! G( [; q* v. A4 A! D+ R
Social Intervention \& I" |5 E2 T' Q: [- P
174. Establishing new social patterns
, @1 _6 G- `2 A. y" Y6 S 175. Overloading of facilities
w3 i( J' T& A! G$ j 176. Stall-in& ?* r* I* t+ w
177. Speak-in3 b. p+ p$ s2 \. b: q/ ~. F8 o
178. Guerrilla theater
; N1 n: F: N3 u0 G; A5 F 179. Alternative social institutions. s3 r- b& C# P; J. l5 `* _
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention8 D+ ?- e$ U/ s$ @' y. `! O( M' r
181. Reverse strike" ]2 ]5 C* A: k* K$ \) A
182. Stay-in strike, I7 k9 J$ j; X+ H8 g
183. Nonviolent land seizure6 P6 ]$ r- T% V; F2 U$ o9 k" Q/ o
184. Defiance of blockades0 _9 J! ]( h; K
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
a0 d2 V) [6 n' h9 t 186. Preclusive purchasing( Y) k2 w4 G) z/ B
187. Seizure of assets
# A6 V. G% e% I. ~& J, g 188. Dumping
& S7 c" {0 V" u- Y% r! f, Z 189. Selective patronage! |) R8 J) h( q+ V
190. Alternative markets+ \ I7 d {9 R# N: {+ ~
191. Alternative transportation systems
" Y0 W F8 I7 R! n 192. Alternative economic institutions1 o d0 r- f3 N. _- r
% |. o* o# b9 B+ Z2 h1 f! a, B7 S
Political Intervention& b4 ~* i$ z4 L
193. Overloading of administrative systems A" @% X- @7 N$ @" a1 z5 o8 \9 {
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 U5 w! w! K- y. @
195. Seeking imprisonment
. w5 T' ]# Z. z* f; X' X 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 a1 A7 x2 Y- y* r6 u 197. Work-on without collaboration
9 x$ X$ L" g/ R# ~; X 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 e! o Z- r9 J# Z' h
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
