 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; R1 p4 v6 n, k. A3 ?4 k% {/ D
Formal Statements
, H3 E1 V2 M; O! k9 g/ D+ s) q( N 1. Public Speeches+ q3 E/ m8 z5 K# O c
2. Letters of opposition or support% c5 |3 X7 ?+ {4 P; Y
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions" j9 t% z5 k6 V
4. Signed public statements. A- r. }- L0 u- k# }5 B9 w
5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 q- a1 ?$ R1 |) a& A l
6. Group or mass petitions
& y8 e2 Z. }# m/ f$ u" {) Q9 X. i& W7 y4 u- b
Communications with a Wider Audience- U7 E. s( V8 L s6 i5 z' x
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 G! |1 h1 v8 L( Q' o5 J% T" O 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 i j* n) Y4 t; G, Q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% v: u' H' ~3 T9 m: `2 g; X
10. Newspapers and journals
% y5 i: G3 E- d$ u( W7 d 11. Records, radio, and television
' R1 X& p) b- Y 12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ C# ^1 G- d' \1 {6 i$ Z; o
5 \3 s* N2 f, ?0 ~+ o3 JGroup Representations! F) ~( i" k/ D
13. Deputations
; w9 b) N" b3 |0 x2 Q 14. Mock awards6 Q8 ?# P7 \; s( M$ O
15. Group lobbying8 o9 Y/ i+ ^9 D. I4 W
16. Picketing
1 W( B. P" m9 n: R* @ 17. Mock elections
6 L. c+ f, Q' U* J" @1 |
B. ~. W1 k* G# [Symbolic Public Acts5 S' B3 m1 `: |
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 F- ^/ j6 B+ C+ m4 f 19. Wearing of symbols
5 O5 ?/ b6 g7 T/ W 20. Prayer and worship1 I9 S" O* Q6 M& [8 b+ Z* S9 B
21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ @7 r q0 E* P, J0 c0 r 22. Protest disrobings3 k) z0 H: x* n* k3 s2 Q
23. Destruction of own property. r" T$ w& Y# {
24. Symbolic lights
+ p# x& {: S+ O. c; o$ D8 O 25. Displays of portraits9 p% v5 G3 i: }% }: v. X
26. Paint as protest- a+ Z1 H" q% K
27. New signs and names
7 n0 F$ ]9 q( y% ~ 28. Symbolic sounds0 x6 ?! n( \- R
29. Symbolic reclamations
1 ^2 z% F Z$ L- Z( c, d( O+ |( C 30. Rude gestures; `# G3 w, S' \5 J: R
$ k" [9 N, q6 t% h
Pressures on Individuals7 \- `0 `6 h4 c2 s1 N! \
31. “Haunting” officials: O, S9 i* a1 C" l b4 J# Z
32. Taunting officials4 L5 B1 I3 n2 M$ y h; q! w: T: g
33. Fraternization& x1 [- K9 P6 J5 G, G4 C6 C
34. Vigils
' p j9 A( m- b
$ ~/ k8 H) d G; m( jDrama and Music( Y3 i2 U" G/ G2 z& Z8 O/ i0 v
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ ^, X% J$ W" n
36. Performances of plays and music3 L0 p- a1 F. ~3 ~
37. Singing
/ O a0 C* T/ [" v9 P1 T, J$ U, s. ^$ k- S& U/ _$ E
Processions2 k8 X1 ~9 K- f6 q
38. Marches% i% C' m' B8 d; S
39. Parades
4 i/ Y* s( z/ L' ]" c 40. Religious processions( t6 K1 @/ X' F, `( H, n
41. Pilgrimages
' @4 v v" p P1 |7 Z 42. Motorcades
, j/ @1 S" D' X1 P2 L$ i2 M$ }. a6 C" |# x7 L. o, H! J( e
Honoring the Dead: `/ `5 _9 G$ H* }
43. Political mourning
8 l# t7 C7 V S; i; F/ h( a2 a q 44. Mock funerals
) ?: c1 b* {* |1 G9 @ 45. Demonstrative funerals; w) P2 \3 S. ~) Z$ l
46. Homage at burial places
) S& `+ }) [0 e* K6 L5 n, _4 f& H" v+ E9 u/ w: @
Public Assemblies" R* [9 `$ N" w" J, ^: i
47. Assemblies of protest or support( F2 C" q# u: m2 E; D1 L
48. Protest meetings
. F1 g" e9 @) z# z! m5 a/ t g 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest% b9 L6 H) U1 v$ w( T$ w
50. Teach-ins
2 z7 o `2 {$ E6 A1 q; U- C) p9 f; Y
Withdrawal and Renunciation9 N; N0 h4 [% F8 ]$ q7 i9 @) ^/ J( `$ s
51. Walk-outs8 c$ v7 ^/ w! u! e& _
52. Silence, t# `- |8 {, l, N( p
53. Renouncing honors" y* U* R2 l$ U2 b
54. Turning one’s back
; s1 @$ S) e9 P8 d( x. f! H. ]# {/ X3 J0 x) i8 Z% s
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 k9 t! ?2 x3 Z; c
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Ostracism of Persons
% b+ O+ w: P. i' o1 l/ s 55. Social boycott
( `+ I V7 q7 b! x ^8 P. x3 F" x; t 56. Selective social boycott) }8 e) q- E. G" [! r; b7 @. ^9 z
57. Lysistratic nonaction) s* @" d' D" w; g5 o3 o# M. B
58. Excommunication* `3 O# B* C' Z: U, h
59. Interdict
/ x, t, J% [9 X3 A
) V. Y4 C7 \* F7 m; [2 V" iNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# X# B1 d! L# p! Z# C3 W
60. Suspension of social and sports activities# Q0 Y8 e4 a3 X ^: h6 S1 `) O
61. Boycott of social affairs
8 X( Y- L8 R$ X' V3 ^ 62. Student strike! x4 _1 i: R, Z& H: c# [
63. Social disobedience* ?. ~$ g" ^- p: P6 }9 I
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- e: f0 ~- H2 Y
9 e" }* J. l; h' j' {Withdrawal from the Social System
& O4 X2 J* I# {+ h- S. c/ Q' j, i 65. Stay-at-home
. f! P9 o. v* s0 Z- t/ G3 M* M 66. Total personal noncooperation
. C5 r: ~- O) w$ y 67. “Flight” of workers
" W9 [( K1 y& @: x( ]6 V0 V3 J4 Q 68. Sanctuary' i6 s. k5 _6 O# ^1 K
69. Collective disappearance2 a1 @- g2 V; \% w; }( K( z& b
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 m2 e/ j' @; x6 v2 o X3 u
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# m& e4 u# N4 |4 X4 N
3 L6 o! S; O& I! p0 }5 t4 M
. A0 y G A! F9 A) i% r) r" t6 ZActions by Consumers
) `/ X7 Z, a1 N$ n* ? 71. Consumers’ boycott
/ S4 Y3 ^, D# j! m* w 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 P! u& G' E' z! R! U 73. Policy of austerity2 R( _, F! \; I" K# |
74. Rent withholding
, u0 H4 e! y0 l9 j& O7 u+ c 75. Refusal to rent3 w, ]& [0 d: a" `2 n
76. National consumers’ boycott
4 C/ j6 ~1 i/ Q 77. International consumers’ boycott% P6 @' v3 Z+ j: |* B `8 X, Y* c
5 e+ B; Y1 R( ]" A3 BAction by Workers and Producers
7 L4 D" J0 ~& `9 I% {8 Y* ]8 \ 78. Workmen’s boycott0 t4 P5 s' E) l( V! T
79. Producers’ boycott
$ p3 c0 |) T% X# {+ p; \' J. n; t/ ]' G* X2 j
Action by Middlemen+ W0 g. R8 i6 h% S/ W( Y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
$ t2 W7 K. i4 j& V0 j: o# {+ k' V/ }, n3 z1 W2 a
Action by Owners and Management0 M6 @! T, x6 y4 t. M# g
81. Traders’ boycott
v7 F8 Q: ^) q& W7 y" t2 t 82. Refusal to let or sell property0 U8 K' y9 p& t$ x; f( {) W- }6 m* h
83. Lockout+ S$ o- c: m" y5 j1 |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 a! ]( R5 {; J. Q' V% {
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
6 \ N3 I% c, L8 J
/ A5 S' P+ i$ P+ M. kAction by Holders of Financial Resources" Y- I% m( M* ~- S7 A! I, M
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 ?3 E# s$ ~' Q' X" s( d/ p( s/ T6 ] 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments& a+ R R8 a2 f) T2 V. x1 h( b' R
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest% o( B6 g( ?* k/ X$ ~6 Y
89. Severance of funds and credit
# b+ O7 Y0 }' V, U5 A0 l 90. Revenue refusal
( L1 H6 b4 c. Q' [( z9 P5 C% p) t: ] 91. Refusal of a government’s money# D1 H6 d9 v/ Y" d N
$ [1 n& M, F- a S% q
Action by Governments O: R* Z0 z3 `6 e
92. Domestic embargo/ ^- Q% V# z' h
93. Blacklisting of traders: m! r: L6 T/ _. s. L( f" a' e' h+ `
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 B k; k: N5 f2 t% S' @- q+ X 95. International buyers’ embargo7 _7 x& r+ u( l. N5 U5 |. N' E: b
96. International trade embargo$ |" K5 x+ V" {! ~: {0 H6 C
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' y: ]; j/ X* V- f
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* T! @# o4 C- I0 x* `- oSymbolic Strikes
8 c# A$ V- T! D% ^$ v' w+ f 97. Protest strike) w3 \0 V' h9 U( f3 i) c; p
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# T: h$ Q' m9 Q) v' W4 q# T% @
, u8 s7 g `9 B( Z7 F4 V$ EAgricultural Strikes
8 _0 E6 m( k8 Y/ h3 G5 J% k' R3 ^ N 99. Peasant strike
7 J* u9 q) u2 z" A 100. Farm Workers’ strike
% X$ @+ a( Q7 z) h
# x) |/ T- z0 TStrikes by Special Groups- r$ u" j/ I m: W' T: s( c
101. Refusal of impressed labor
, g. g8 Z# b1 T6 a 102. Prisoners’ strike
8 p: L$ d) W5 ^& s, X, q 103. Craft strike
- Z/ D. _' f& O 104. Professional strike0 E# H+ B% q; K2 ~; M
: t" p$ L4 J0 J$ T4 s" _Ordinary Industrial Strikes! \, F1 ~8 h: V" g l
105. Establishment strike
. }3 f T X9 d' p3 N$ E+ H4 h( g( X 106. Industry strike
0 E; y& z! |6 d) d0 k7 h 107. Sympathetic strike
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, o, }& P; @8 D' ~Restricted Strikes
, j/ A. S" t/ @* u 108. Detailed strike
4 U+ w/ T& a R' T/ A 109. Bumper strike
! M) R9 H" O' V* f' n% X# S 110. Slowdown strike! Q, u. k. L3 j ]4 `
111. Working-to-rule strike
% i* M) Y4 H0 B 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) M/ [1 {( K9 U1 { 113. Strike by resignation
$ l& A% o: ~' t+ K1 x) F 114. Limited strike2 i. N0 X5 O% Y; i
115. Selective strike
/ J. t% ^( |6 e& m2 C, j; k9 b) p
Multi-Industry Strikes3 j3 B- ? s8 r# [4 h! q% w
# F( @9 T5 J R5 x 116. Generalized strike- }8 l- Z: t9 L& X8 H
2 N j* s9 O: g 117. General strike
& O1 {1 N8 y1 }4 e3 s; E/ V, n- d' s; j* q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; v- d; c1 f: T
# D$ N% r8 v0 |1 N- n! S9 h) s 118. Hartal$ d& }2 ?3 E9 W% ~3 g
6 `/ ~8 Y6 l: g 119. Economic shutdown' U* X- I% G( u5 [7 r" I; i
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& b! [) s# J. q* x# L0 _& pTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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, y) q0 p) _& N3 KRejection of Authority8 _2 X+ r. K5 `2 @8 U# o. w c; Q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
# k8 m7 b& Q" }: U8 T) A! ^) c 121. Refusal of public support
4 M/ L3 S* U6 J8 P 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance' l; N) E1 o, N/ N. S6 q7 j
$ Y, P! u+ J: _8 j! [Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 f, {& T$ @; m- p+ e1 T 123. Boycott of legislative bodies. {3 C7 _1 Z% f; Y
124. Boycott of elections
, e& g0 g8 A6 f6 p. ?9 H" d 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- Y" m& d- Y$ y0 ] 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) [6 v" J/ ]& m0 H7 d A
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% p! K4 k- t0 @ L9 q 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 J! Z1 h( H% R# V% b9 X 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 {9 e N, w7 z6 X" U/ R- P
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; U, q( G; `, m3 ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
]2 s& X+ c4 g" m+ y5 q( r+ ] 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. R/ ~& v! X* S" G2 C
. v+ o h2 K( SCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* \" b" a! n5 H
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: m' p- J6 Z4 l! W9 @& J2 v 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- y4 J9 [7 v5 L6 G0 b 135. Popular nonobedience5 N) U) d2 v' N3 ?+ q& @9 {( C
136. Disguised disobedience: ?6 l! n9 Y+ y! H
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 g8 X" |1 k% } Z" W4 `$ Y+ O& N1 v
138. Sitdown) ^5 _! k' t0 z% ? G2 Q9 x
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" H; e3 a4 G# k8 r8 l) T a8 s
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' n% U% d2 v: K- U* Y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws4 N; ^( I; l5 ~6 t' Z3 U1 f' s
$ e3 H& c( ?4 ]: u! KAction by Government Personnel2 k3 D% z8 Y- X8 D6 S' g
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 T1 [4 c' a5 x& e 143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ D. G" C! e Q! Z( x1 }% l
144. Stalling and obstruction. u0 X2 x; v$ p t9 Y
145. General administrative noncooperation
2 z4 k" l$ x4 _, [. ~$ B' \( G! |9 B
146. Judicial noncooperation* s+ C* M% V' D; _/ Q! q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& y0 b* s0 b9 {. r4 A/ t& l6 E
148. Mutiny
6 m5 @6 j! W% I/ ^0 [# G4 c; Y% j6 xDomestic Governmental Action
; A" C- r1 G) p. l) ] 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ d& ]; c) u0 M% u. ~' k 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: n2 P* C s8 P) Z
\ z. ?5 E+ n6 T0 K% b) VInternational Governmental Action
8 W6 `2 B* Q; G+ w 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. U8 _& r5 {" D/ W* B9 a 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* e; V# l/ q. k; @ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ q1 @4 N* n) b! X2 t0 n) H+ L, [ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ |6 U/ @" e9 \" {
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% F' C. q' a; m) G. T8 i 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ a4 o; {, j2 W. W
157. Expulsion from international organizations) P$ J/ b9 ~. z1 u# {
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. ~* I+ M, W4 m& }4 _; Z [ ?5 ?
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4 b9 v5 H% Y: }8 z" lPsychological Intervention" w) P t+ F$ O* K$ Q
158. Self-exposure to the elements
' x) E% g' c1 h; ]; Y4 T( V9 v5 T) P 159. The fast
8 p7 T) A' u" A: C2 i* J- A2 V% ^ a) Fast of moral pressure
8 I: \! g5 y! _; [ b) Hunger strike
" ^7 k2 e: ^4 c& h3 z" f4 \ c) Satyagrahic fast$ F. [/ N* v% U; _( m3 ]
160. Reverse trial
- ]4 I5 i4 E) N; ]9 P$ f3 j- \; N 161. Nonviolent harassment9 ?5 I4 W7 C) o/ E
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Physical Intervention
: f! C# E: e- L7 C) B# { 162. Sit-in
2 F" o6 G7 P9 _2 i' P4 [; [+ V/ X; ?2 K 163. Stand-in8 w8 h3 ]- }5 P5 @4 ~) Z
164. Ride-in9 {) A# X3 R8 s1 q# V# _" i
165. Wade-in
0 k, U: e+ h, A, [" S2 [ V- d% y 166. Mill-in' A" Y% ]8 E$ Z g* R, d
167. Pray-in& U `1 q: g/ `! \/ z
168. Nonviolent raids Y+ w% x1 Z. M
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 [3 x7 t4 c( D# P# C+ ~ 170. Nonviolent invasion# X6 Y& m6 x; l! ~, `9 H( d8 @8 u6 ~
171. Nonviolent interjection" o- T3 F: S) Z# {/ y3 ]
172. Nonviolent obstruction2 l, j2 L! h |) m f8 e& n$ T' s
173. Nonviolent occupation3 I" B2 f3 {- J' r1 c
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Social Intervention
( |% u$ _/ E4 G( M) o 174. Establishing new social patterns
% O2 ^% l( k/ R* w3 H6 r 175. Overloading of facilities' e1 P- k5 h' j9 J- P7 I
176. Stall-in2 L9 T& B+ x2 [( U' V
177. Speak-in( S: M% { P/ F+ o( k& y
178. Guerrilla theater
# o8 P. x2 b$ V8 r' ^+ Y 179. Alternative social institutions f+ F5 ?3 e& N
180. Alternative communication system# Z9 ?/ _1 H/ J6 \* f6 E
$ @% O3 e5 H8 @ D8 @
Economic Intervention
. U& W3 U0 m! G8 \ 181. Reverse strike: {9 L7 d' T) Z d8 W3 B* }) y
182. Stay-in strike! K, N& V4 R; r' C1 {
183. Nonviolent land seizure
# e5 Z# q2 ^* m( I' L) R. ]' W 184. Defiance of blockades
9 f- ?! Y- ?( C+ z, F. |9 ?" g 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 Z8 {/ }/ ~# x! W
186. Preclusive purchasing
+ T( n; g t& \ s# Y5 T4 F& _# u( E 187. Seizure of assets7 g& B+ k: k' v0 O( }6 x
188. Dumping+ E% {* I. I1 p
189. Selective patronage
* Y' C: C6 W8 ^5 r8 z: F$ e- \ 190. Alternative markets4 i: _+ x$ ]/ m/ P
191. Alternative transportation systems }. D0 v8 {* H. D
192. Alternative economic institutions
, K2 K" S' |, J
* f# v* m! A: L3 ^; ?7 |4 k0 ZPolitical Intervention% u v* @" c. a4 j, x
193. Overloading of administrative systems
x! g2 k8 O# J' I/ a/ [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents [! T& C( u/ S
195. Seeking imprisonment
6 q8 E4 f, h8 |: O6 L/ v. Z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
7 U, z \0 T7 Z* _ 197. Work-on without collaboration! E4 I% z) a) s; q% R6 w+ q# y
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
