 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( s# G! b( F; S- }7 m) L4 P8 N3 X
Formal Statements) a+ `* ]/ y8 `% P {
1. Public Speeches
( Q$ B" _3 f. S 2. Letters of opposition or support
" J; @. A. S1 [4 P! L7 x 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
+ \. C7 Q9 s; } v U5 p: c; V2 K6 H 4. Signed public statements/ f& z% N9 {+ F
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( b0 b( u8 D6 n5 m1 p- L 6. Group or mass petitions+ H% a& @" G! b
3 }9 v9 q( g$ N4 i" QCommunications with a Wider Audience6 A+ `' A4 m& U: `" G- U0 y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 Y3 C0 y8 @. @. Q' ] Z! \
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
- ~" t# Z4 \ b1 Q0 h; Y' F 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 h" L8 G1 `" y# @ 10. Newspapers and journals
* V" K( t4 C: z. C, [ 11. Records, radio, and television$ P0 F% L( u) c/ f& ]1 b4 r
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ ~$ P" X: V- V# q
9 n$ K" C' v% b
Group Representations
4 f0 i' b q' u& v5 u+ Q" f0 r 13. Deputations- H& r% T9 s7 L* ]
14. Mock awards
) ]4 n; t8 x$ @& L% z9 C% K8 Q- C% m 15. Group lobbying5 G; L/ D! j9 W) Q3 F0 `
16. Picketing9 R' u! _& K" i, ^. w* i
17. Mock elections
1 I4 g9 \2 U- i7 O6 f6 z9 ~5 m2 T7 a
Symbolic Public Acts# \, s" K% S( }: o
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( C! m" I+ g/ q c$ W 19. Wearing of symbols
1 F* C) L, I' E 20. Prayer and worship
; y- f- |. \1 N3 ~ 21. Delivering symbolic objects7 E- b- [: s4 h
22. Protest disrobings$ G, y. S- v, }9 y2 k
23. Destruction of own property) F1 M' b7 q/ d% o/ ^5 Q a' H
24. Symbolic lights
/ n5 n/ d* \& H5 v% } 25. Displays of portraits# {) l9 I) a7 j8 S$ ~: w
26. Paint as protest: j4 n" S$ A( U8 f4 z. W
27. New signs and names2 j7 |5 W: {' w6 @
28. Symbolic sounds' b5 k C' ^; {& s3 j" b
29. Symbolic reclamations
2 n4 |+ T* M" t4 r, R0 d. x 30. Rude gestures
& n. _5 p3 ^9 j ]6 t" s7 }! _& d% d6 m( j }8 N
Pressures on Individuals
@$ o! F. ]- x: V. ~9 n D 31. “Haunting” officials1 x" Y# { R2 a; h" Z, G
32. Taunting officials
1 B1 w6 l# f( i3 c* \, }8 R 33. Fraternization
, n: |6 j: U P! A& g+ m 34. Vigils0 T$ X- e/ |; A8 M. A: g
* I5 P# x& {' wDrama and Music
8 ~9 c; a& z/ ?- E- v 35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 W; W6 X# X- a2 L; w 36. Performances of plays and music2 g# s) O6 _" _2 k6 `, A1 N8 }
37. Singing& N! _; L4 `( |: m# [9 Z5 e5 G2 ?
, F8 p" t, W3 |3 a3 i+ Z% r0 s9 L
Processions+ R+ x! ?! [6 m2 q
38. Marches) V) m3 `1 u1 U' \
39. Parades& Y x) X3 d5 @
40. Religious processions( M& s% c. p. l1 j) f5 J$ P' W
41. Pilgrimages( I4 q3 P! ?/ j) j6 h6 a; A
42. Motorcades
; f7 Z6 b, u8 w) g" q! l# m; `; v2 T, L7 z& U9 z2 N; B8 A
Honoring the Dead, K* |5 R/ t) O. t9 ~
43. Political mourning
2 @ }( }& {7 u7 |6 {6 _3 T/ x 44. Mock funerals+ k! i# H9 B3 g8 j
45. Demonstrative funerals* | o5 k# n1 T5 |: n5 V$ _, j2 f
46. Homage at burial places
/ t4 U2 o: p9 T$ Q$ t7 ^% i
. n6 a5 Y3 t2 \' [( ?Public Assemblies1 i: A( N$ @$ f: w, J
47. Assemblies of protest or support+ P8 q' b- v( e) t
48. Protest meetings
3 a: ?- A: _" Q6 l 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( q$ U: e7 a2 @1 n8 Y
50. Teach-ins
( E7 ?/ ]% w# k8 V C/ }6 a' W5 y- z! u' L2 d* }' j
Withdrawal and Renunciation( e" f5 m8 Q/ S$ A
51. Walk-outs
. [. i3 U2 J7 y: A 52. Silence9 u' g6 V. W" M. ~/ Q
53. Renouncing honors5 |% v" W) O# E8 ]7 K' Z
54. Turning one’s back v* [: a) R: l' s& v- f
# n/ i! q3 n0 t9 D5 {" Z 5 R4 x2 n; ]/ Z, \! l ]2 J0 T& T w/ h
% I+ w/ W6 v- S$ YTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
/ E B2 ~7 B1 {" S6 C1 ]9 }9 n4 f# _7 l
\6 Y) U" B. {
) H b ~' F# A$ Q. w0 F0 SOstracism of Persons
G0 t! z/ o4 m1 C' I 55. Social boycott
f1 B+ Q8 T8 l- j8 |9 v) Q$ W 56. Selective social boycott
2 W# x2 B; W5 O9 w4 E' e" w 57. Lysistratic nonaction' X+ l+ e1 y3 C# l$ |
58. Excommunication/ y K( i) Q- U: M0 ^ e7 @: |9 W
59. Interdict
o* r8 X7 h6 v% \6 {
- h- W3 H& {. y( W8 \3 kNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ {3 Z, x- ^$ B9 c 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! L3 Q2 Z1 n; C n8 c; _) ~6 ?9 v 61. Boycott of social affairs
& d7 R. v. q w5 M/ `- s. q 62. Student strike# U7 G, F+ d+ ?3 K( |4 }
63. Social disobedience6 h& T4 g E9 `( a# m" o! \
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
L$ M8 p+ G: k2 U- J# u4 m8 \4 {% f
Withdrawal from the Social System( q. e% \: ?0 h9 A# O
65. Stay-at-home9 L) ]- J% g7 ^; H6 }6 P8 A
66. Total personal noncooperation# K+ J& ~+ t: v! d7 t# o ^; V( [
67. “Flight” of workers& l5 g$ X# E! e6 W" y- K. a
68. Sanctuary" [! \/ |# z+ p. H
69. Collective disappearance/ K0 I0 A' z4 P' @1 S6 }
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& _3 J# y, q4 M# x4 h( Z w+ _4 }- [4 c$ x7 _! S
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! y- ^$ Y, |7 [; M3 J K5 f
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- X8 R9 y7 a" ]8 ]0 X- m. t& p
7 \/ \2 V1 f- f- [) n- |' B
" z& M0 ?: g. q; o* l
Actions by Consumers$ {( |% D" L _# B
71. Consumers’ boycott
/ ?. ^ J0 D9 F/ C 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ w- t7 m9 ~& S8 e
73. Policy of austerity, X' D# h" U1 i5 R# c H- k0 y
74. Rent withholding
, h- v. g5 b J+ }, R 75. Refusal to rent& O& |/ R* L' X6 |6 X
76. National consumers’ boycott- y# I. W; x( Z; l" S6 d0 v
77. International consumers’ boycott
$ x- h& f! X3 V, c, D0 E" c* G1 U+ G' z+ S0 t0 y
Action by Workers and Producers! \) O, Q% e! | W+ j: Y
78. Workmen’s boycott, L9 G+ z6 Y: M' d5 @
79. Producers’ boycott
" R- L' _, |: u. ]: _
4 P+ `. y$ c; |Action by Middlemen
6 Q9 T* N5 _5 d: {6 G% t- A 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management' U7 m, C. w6 K) t" W% q' _5 C
81. Traders’ boycott$ I5 V: z6 d$ |, `& w
82. Refusal to let or sell property. V7 A! d8 n( p% u! X
83. Lockout
# H" G; v$ p$ w" Q 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. F: l" f7 d3 u( R 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, z8 j' R0 w- y4 Y" Z, c( q) f5 b% |* w3 |' E: N7 q6 s
Action by Holders of Financial Resources4 v- C% A1 k" c0 b8 @) i
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- ?# J% x$ c z( H
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments& D% X# s9 L! I: o3 j
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- b3 X) v5 o' G' ?7 j& R6 b2 d 89. Severance of funds and credit
3 ?& @; x- T5 ~* i& Z$ ]- D 90. Revenue refusal
: I/ c; w3 e3 v3 f5 ] N* h* X0 v 91. Refusal of a government’s money3 S7 z* Q" u! j% L4 X
" L! A M% D( X% |4 @6 DAction by Governments C2 G7 v; E0 x5 M$ p. {1 r8 F
92. Domestic embargo; ~2 S; }2 `: T6 h! C0 c
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 P$ w: s- k8 T' E0 v7 ~1 g5 K& r 94. International sellers’ embargo8 P$ N& j7 @! \
95. International buyers’ embargo
F" e. L& A- m" x& G' f 96. International trade embargo
3 a4 j2 b- K9 G7 x! K {# h' Q3 s2 r& l, ]% J' G) w! |2 ]6 P) t
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; M: j- B1 j' ], V" FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 E. V0 I2 ~3 | _ Q$ [1 M: r: k
% G+ j& U; V) y+ D, @
9 r" E; o- B! M) ]( L6 `' Q( g) ?, W
Symbolic Strikes
+ c& M& e; |& u! w1 P$ q8 Q 97. Protest strike% w: w: F; m. y- N1 H2 l
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 I% b/ |( i9 @) K2 X: Y
) ]; A+ W# k1 r! RAgricultural Strikes
5 J0 u; F5 C! _- { e: K 99. Peasant strike
7 P, P* U5 m# G, E5 i; z1 m3 j T 100. Farm Workers’ strike5 I: b D& O) Q2 |/ J9 i
, ~9 H' W4 z7 M$ B" Y. zStrikes by Special Groups
3 h# z; A1 r b7 M" F 101. Refusal of impressed labor7 A$ c! I; y! I
102. Prisoners’ strike, L* P4 v' _* H7 W
103. Craft strike
) a: R' K7 e+ @# Z, D# I 104. Professional strike
% c0 b: t7 s" t; P: |$ a5 M R! a5 V% [( e$ r5 }
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
1 ?2 B0 `6 M8 C% _% b# n& k 105. Establishment strike! B5 S, Q, n8 S) I4 M" S* {. K- `8 _
106. Industry strike
' a9 |# z$ O! @6 |& Q0 ?' R5 a 107. Sympathetic strike0 Y7 z! I' D; B. P
. w1 i2 Z8 D3 e7 o8 T
Restricted Strikes
+ A+ L' S! B% `; G/ G 108. Detailed strike
+ o2 q# |! Z$ T! N1 { 109. Bumper strike5 ` c0 q j: ^9 C2 [
110. Slowdown strike
7 P% M- u# ]$ ~& v0 x) Q 111. Working-to-rule strike
9 Z" h' W. I j! K 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 i p0 X" b) m b3 R% h 113. Strike by resignation1 Y2 U( U5 {7 E
114. Limited strike) J5 @5 p" f# C. W
115. Selective strike# c/ g, o, m* Q; N
; v7 b% w' Y9 N: D+ |1 Z2 |7 @
Multi-Industry Strikes
! M; r- r% b c1 U7 @5 ?! P
$ E" C6 ~1 w7 I+ e6 Z 116. Generalized strike
A' ~7 a( s \6 j! [1 {! c$ n
; p! t5 g- x+ `% @# ? 117. General strike
! s8 _9 K' z; u% k6 Y5 i+ I5 r6 w d( B4 j, S! B7 |
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
3 Y- H3 d4 n+ @& s; F$ Y, e, a1 q; \5 H
118. Hartal; `( U1 }+ b B2 j J) s
* k% x/ [4 C; { u& @" Z
119. Economic shutdown
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9 e$ g6 d4 K# \3 m. R; i0 V
( y- V* O) H& [ i2 e a( PTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 O8 \' `. w# t a! x( q6 H% r4 n) ~+ x( G" P& q; i b# v" _
: `& A! S) H5 W3 A3 H0 FRejection of Authority! S+ d: v! V; u R' b9 o P
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 o9 D, Z3 ~- t7 `) s/ b5 M 121. Refusal of public support
+ Z* `+ p0 W9 n 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ s9 n) n c6 U0 g/ ~# n+ w3 K
8 X) g: G. Q& S6 |
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ w$ Q) h" X- m F; R1 D
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
3 U1 k$ R4 `3 B$ Q' c5 ]' e 124. Boycott of elections3 f. p! a- o1 }* v
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' ^; ~; G3 R. Y5 V 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies- P: R8 G+ u7 v
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 V2 f/ Z/ J8 F3 ]
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* K6 k) S- _" M9 \ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( D( d# T* s. g2 h6 `( j9 f
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks* h! X9 ]- u+ E- v0 A
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
I" j4 L2 S" V. ^# r8 ^* U n( _ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions9 D% D1 U& I4 v c% `
& v0 P# r" ?% k Q
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 b( ^5 U3 ?2 x! G 133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 N6 f6 C( y. ~/ u( w# m; Q; j6 w
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) l( R" b* p6 z% c7 C, w1 s/ i
135. Popular nonobedience) C% E! R7 a0 ]! g/ Q
136. Disguised disobedience
K# j ~/ n6 v- L, C* r 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 T+ n9 K2 m2 b$ a- T
138. Sitdown# \' Q1 z" U2 y7 p: @ W
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 ~0 u1 j( }6 T8 D
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% l3 z$ ?+ ~9 U# ?
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! {% R# T Z: S Q
6 v+ a( i" T" V `5 b' m+ }6 \8 a' jAction by Government Personnel
* N) G7 }9 M+ C1 Q$ c# r: I 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 }- ^+ q2 H" e8 W; \
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! n/ y4 w9 @8 x8 p
144. Stalling and obstruction
' x2 K+ ~" J+ p( _5 J 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 y: a, K! ^; N: U* y- O5 _- f7 j' y' D: z( n, o/ O
146. Judicial noncooperation
, l9 O# ]8 ^- {. e' L% R 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 r# x. E4 p7 j4 \8 T- v
148. Mutiny& h; R: O. N/ M3 a" K* k
Domestic Governmental Action1 W7 O, ~$ X$ N4 z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) I7 r- E' t6 e" ~0 d
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' W5 r9 ], N. i' Y1 y0 L) e
" U- g% E5 ?3 w) Q/ X) [0 PInternational Governmental Action
5 B; b B4 w4 o. B( C2 q0 ?2 u/ J2 a 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' h7 k, P" b+ @, Q
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 d s, y2 A1 P) F4 j) `8 Z! T 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: Y8 g: x; U+ @! ~/ c 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
$ c" B! A2 l& a 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 A4 N, S: m1 ~, ^2 D# V3 d7 c9 E 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 F$ O* }/ z3 N* d 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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* Q) u" }% j% F9 NTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
2 o+ }" N$ M) ^' h; k3 W( x( I) l' ] V8 W
7 K2 {) E+ Y# V1 r, s
Psychological Intervention, j$ Z P+ r. j0 ^! A
158. Self-exposure to the elements1 p/ Q0 i' c1 I7 c! y
159. The fast: V: y+ A3 A# [ F- R# ?5 [
a) Fast of moral pressure
, o( |9 e$ V8 L2 U+ h b) Hunger strike
& S. Q+ }+ u! L$ S9 b' J c) Satyagrahic fast
; y4 P; G* G. S 160. Reverse trial
5 u$ S( _, Y9 l+ |, r+ f; S 161. Nonviolent harassment
) x0 L; ]5 x* d0 Y/ g, N# z S9 i# O0 i
Physical Intervention* W& X& o9 E3 C" k; B
162. Sit-in
8 I8 I* @1 w% S# H5 Z1 b 163. Stand-in& l& t/ b2 g: J( Z/ M( |7 F4 i
164. Ride-in
2 c% v5 g8 b/ L! W8 ] 165. Wade-in) \" ]0 F" p+ x# r! i
166. Mill-in
: }' n9 Y7 \. K* _ b 167. Pray-in- o, {) ?* t* W$ U
168. Nonviolent raids/ O4 l+ w$ L* z o$ y9 r4 L
169. Nonviolent air raids$ H z- z. F& n' p4 T
170. Nonviolent invasion
% M% ?+ \% m+ ~7 ? 171. Nonviolent interjection1 V# r. a% x* v% M/ o0 \9 I1 W+ R
172. Nonviolent obstruction
. z$ T, Y4 {7 b5 \" u+ V 173. Nonviolent occupation( ?. o- m5 G$ X; H/ T$ [# Y
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Social Intervention. q. _, S+ V+ ]! x
174. Establishing new social patterns3 k* ]- y; `" P3 [2 ^9 u0 i
175. Overloading of facilities' U3 q8 m. g2 ], s% ^ `
176. Stall-in1 d6 `: \* l0 ]. H
177. Speak-in) z; P* Z$ e7 ?" V+ z& P
178. Guerrilla theater% u T1 x3 b7 `2 @$ x8 _- H
179. Alternative social institutions) S a0 s+ c7 `6 b
180. Alternative communication system! r, _7 e9 h! ?( i' E, f
- G. M# W1 a+ ?9 } Z; u- d- zEconomic Intervention
3 l8 I! A, F9 @2 X 181. Reverse strike
& ?+ ~4 p3 k5 p9 {, V 182. Stay-in strike
0 l, y3 }$ Q$ G 183. Nonviolent land seizure9 G5 e1 B/ m3 w
184. Defiance of blockades
; `, w; A# V) j4 y6 p; Y4 i. x 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting `: v8 Z. E- [
186. Preclusive purchasing8 C, S+ b) U/ I. G% T6 V+ u. `9 _/ O. K
187. Seizure of assets) @* Q* e W2 P, B2 ]
188. Dumping
, D/ M+ V. d( _1 r0 I s5 c' P2 \ 189. Selective patronage
2 D% d# P' W: | 190. Alternative markets+ P" N. Q0 s# P6 I
191. Alternative transportation systems6 v, _, w/ o9 d! D4 Y- L- X
192. Alternative economic institutions
7 E, b% |" C( V2 G; v; f
' G. [* |$ R$ CPolitical Intervention
- i* F- `, u: s; o O8 z8 [ 193. Overloading of administrative systems- q4 @- M& R8 @2 l* f% V, W
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& a/ k' D1 Z3 z0 ~0 C7 c5 Y) l N 195. Seeking imprisonment$ }6 p2 }" C! s5 M
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 f( B) Z( ?" c4 b$ O6 j/ e 197. Work-on without collaboration
8 A! o3 [- n! x% {% J0 p+ \ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
