 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' D6 o. W3 q4 y5 Z" r
Formal Statements$ _" F' Q% Z) j1 l
1. Public Speeches+ B7 b/ h+ [9 o. i/ Q2 N
2. Letters of opposition or support
) Q5 V' g0 Z- _ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ M! g8 J% A6 b2 X 4. Signed public statements
0 e1 a# G, m! B" m/ a, w 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- o5 G" K7 z9 \6 Q( _9 D8 T9 u2 u 6. Group or mass petitions
' x* Q. z9 O/ x( X. J2 d) I e% |) }% C3 |& G3 C
Communications with a Wider Audience8 t% v% z/ O9 ^- p
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, Y! N* E( ^( C4 e0 O 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' P/ i5 K( t" ~% n: K, s h$ ] 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: `6 g) w1 C8 `7 e( D e 10. Newspapers and journals
" M; O( W; P0 O7 N 11. Records, radio, and television$ ~. z1 ~$ Y2 x) {$ X* k5 F3 d
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% h# H( s" G7 x4 q) i: `5 Y; y @1 V7 x( u% J/ `
Group Representations
1 L7 W8 L) c( z- F9 o% a. K 13. Deputations4 b; V/ @/ s/ R/ _% U
14. Mock awards# b) P. f1 v0 j. e
15. Group lobbying! u3 Z" Y f h# o# T
16. Picketing( F) ]1 E2 q& o0 h) p9 q7 i& H
17. Mock elections
% |' |8 ~% O5 {" E) ~( L. h1 x) C
Symbolic Public Acts3 b1 A; k! ]1 c) e. x# {3 ]
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 R0 d, b1 X2 `0 e1 r9 P* F0 \3 G
19. Wearing of symbols
4 ~2 s& W( `5 T: F: c5 G 20. Prayer and worship
& b6 @' W* U: {7 ?3 J# D* p 21. Delivering symbolic objects& ]8 {' _% i# f8 f
22. Protest disrobings
: O3 x( n& [* V9 l+ x 23. Destruction of own property
" n( s R% ^ Y/ e' G2 { 24. Symbolic lights
4 q+ L; @) s) Z# s8 Q- C" A8 [- z 25. Displays of portraits
' P% L$ F4 h! ?5 G J7 ?& h 26. Paint as protest
0 Z' d2 e) u% l# V) q' g: I# F% Y 27. New signs and names3 j* V# ^1 v6 Q$ S ^ n( L6 V
28. Symbolic sounds1 t. [. p0 i# H! L
29. Symbolic reclamations
* ^. r/ X' l! ?; s, i8 w 30. Rude gestures
/ c3 G( O& O: W3 v0 C* \( u8 O! {' e. D1 c V5 s% [5 K
Pressures on Individuals1 B: ^) D5 {# _# J1 v* R
31. “Haunting” officials4 @4 h U; i; J# D( p
32. Taunting officials, ]: g% o" H! S' `3 M D
33. Fraternization
2 M3 F- A1 ?! H- j, Q5 P( X 34. Vigils( q Z8 I# T" @& ]8 V( u* O
, C8 h. Y5 v6 g
Drama and Music5 Q+ E0 x; A N( @4 ^2 K
35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 N/ g, P& }0 C/ n 36. Performances of plays and music3 @% e, i& g0 u* n+ e, h+ ?5 }
37. Singing
' E* Z( }, b# Z0 I( `# g; g" j& R" o, x
Processions0 F* ]7 n( g3 n1 @8 ]- n. y: r# q
38. Marches
" @2 Z6 F0 b4 j# f 39. Parades' s8 C% @+ y5 T% N: W
40. Religious processions
/ o' S& F# G I3 c$ o: i 41. Pilgrimages4 R- ^6 e; A' S% D
42. Motorcades
8 n3 H! t2 L" C& u( [& M1 B+ ]2 V2 W: r, W& J
Honoring the Dead; W. |# _* P# G& I9 |! ?7 W% `. K
43. Political mourning
% e' g' b# S4 p; l6 z# Q 44. Mock funerals1 d/ a# Z4 v+ a) t
45. Demonstrative funerals2 W' U; r* o, m# W5 f
46. Homage at burial places5 S! s! w% l6 ?$ i- O0 j X: x# W
3 D# q# M# z8 g* [( Y$ V8 }2 {( Y2 cPublic Assemblies0 _, t p& {" C8 C3 R
47. Assemblies of protest or support
0 }0 W% r. K; s8 F 48. Protest meetings
7 s& m M" |/ m9 h9 e 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest% x+ I! u( g# A
50. Teach-ins j5 H) B+ S/ @ e9 Z
$ Z! G6 @; ^* K9 I6 nWithdrawal and Renunciation
/ p6 r$ F$ J) k: n 51. Walk-outs
8 i( E3 q% W: ^$ [9 t U, w& X3 B 52. Silence+ R4 M+ u6 y! j4 s1 e
53. Renouncing honors9 y0 h, Y# J& E# t- r* r
54. Turning one’s back' g9 c" X a J3 O0 |( J% H; H
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' U {2 z: J9 V. KTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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$ H; X; e# z: L! ~Ostracism of Persons
6 U: b+ z4 ?& ]3 @) | Z8 T! F. M 55. Social boycott' Y4 ? h. F; d* ~- v
56. Selective social boycott
" U" {3 g: v& K# c/ J H+ C+ v 57. Lysistratic nonaction0 L' f3 E+ [0 k9 l( w$ _ S
58. Excommunication, V3 b8 b4 e; }( K
59. Interdict
# t$ c% O5 H% {9 o4 H+ X- `& r. ]" E
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 b2 e" o' _* z: f: t 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# c: N4 X6 C2 R 61. Boycott of social affairs- L: G. P! [0 i0 L6 w
62. Student strike
7 X& ]6 w; {$ e; X 63. Social disobedience
* _2 [$ w% G. p, U! C5 m 64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 ^, e" E! C7 d
% u4 T4 \/ O# l1 p2 P) H# r
Withdrawal from the Social System
" w- r% C9 o ]! M* S* e 65. Stay-at-home; J5 c* s2 X% t7 C; i* D
66. Total personal noncooperation
* B5 c+ I+ s7 O# M9 ~2 p/ @ 67. “Flight” of workers3 {# _! k" t N
68. Sanctuary
- @* ?9 [; Q: B: B$ h 69. Collective disappearance
7 x7 G' @2 c3 Y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 D0 s( G* j- y' _7 c: @; u
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3 p% c: A5 S5 d# ?6 VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS$ K. N8 `2 N6 ~2 s- Z
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3 l1 x: R& a% K9 H8 u% ~Actions by Consumers
" b: j6 k( b& Z4 S9 E 71. Consumers’ boycott
; p' t2 x9 `9 t 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 }8 L5 B+ j; Z$ }
73. Policy of austerity
2 `0 h- Y6 E' y! i+ c 74. Rent withholding
1 B! {+ b. Z! D/ n; y. d 75. Refusal to rent0 y8 n/ V8 b, S$ ~* \, w2 e1 N, W
76. National consumers’ boycott$ Y6 L" N+ V3 X% q
77. International consumers’ boycott
! V' B" g7 z, W# H- y7 p/ D x2 P' F, D& \, Q6 u
Action by Workers and Producers
, f' i3 [( T! S' ^: P 78. Workmen’s boycott
7 ~& U1 y `4 x# ~ 79. Producers’ boycott9 O8 J2 V; L X! |+ K A H7 u/ x
( I5 u( m8 W& g9 B; ]( RAction by Middlemen) y0 L- [. d, k) p* l9 J4 a( M4 m
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
8 l- M5 y/ V& p: @
0 ~' @* W" t3 s( v4 eAction by Owners and Management
2 y" |6 l- k4 Z 81. Traders’ boycott
9 E5 z' ?# \3 z& i. _ 82. Refusal to let or sell property- |( \, D: e. W1 n; _
83. Lockout
$ v# Y! y8 U8 k+ f8 Q' \ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 f8 b7 c W/ G+ H 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! d* B3 e' d, I) b& e# \, r! p" ^1 A6 V4 m2 e3 Y2 ?; d% G4 D, i
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
- i7 L0 _8 F1 h' m$ ` 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 J. h3 e: J/ S% E
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" X+ x8 n# G' I2 ?0 z: n4 } 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 _- E3 z' L5 ^3 f6 |! @+ D6 x5 g
89. Severance of funds and credit
7 s4 t* D9 Y4 N. H$ a; }- w' O 90. Revenue refusal
5 s% Q9 X( g$ b4 ?0 ^& F0 S7 y& k 91. Refusal of a government’s money/ i5 q, h% Q" a3 x8 }8 M; a
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Action by Governments; z+ A$ o+ V! q- n" T2 a; @
92. Domestic embargo; s$ N9 F8 i4 ?
93. Blacklisting of traders3 _3 B+ S6 x5 a; ~9 v) W
94. International sellers’ embargo# x5 g3 Q1 \0 w+ X- Y& R C% q
95. International buyers’ embargo& a! d5 V! A' K1 Y
96. International trade embargo
5 {! U+ @! g" g
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE |' O& R8 O7 ^: P0 }* J
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- g0 p2 j6 [' P" o: n9 WSymbolic Strikes
) p2 ]" G$ ^4 m$ p8 t 97. Protest strike
; H! r+ d. \8 Y0 l 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
/ A; [' E( J, f8 H r
# T0 c' p4 S7 \3 o) {Agricultural Strikes
2 ~9 [; v7 Y, K1 E3 B2 M 99. Peasant strike; W; I$ Q! w, j5 V A; p& ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike
! [4 g5 }0 U% A
2 @+ v* w# k3 y3 Z" d: ?) zStrikes by Special Groups
5 ]6 L9 Q' a* [5 d 101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ W7 Y3 ^9 F$ M8 A/ H 102. Prisoners’ strike5 Z3 `5 s# W1 Y8 d& v% e7 y( G9 o
103. Craft strike5 s; n# x- S9 H# p
104. Professional strike: Z: m7 ?( Y J m
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes
3 k) k" J) Z0 x 105. Establishment strike/ y$ Z# I' E2 P. R- `( |6 B
106. Industry strike
) d- Q: _3 f. i6 T* ] 107. Sympathetic strike
+ U& X7 k3 d/ M+ e2 R1 e' s8 m9 P, m2 R. a- M. P6 p* Y' s
Restricted Strikes
- R/ ^2 _' m" m# @5 r! C1 M) B 108. Detailed strike
6 T( @0 s' ?2 ~# B8 K+ x+ p 109. Bumper strike
; x+ z; e, F" c/ G/ D 110. Slowdown strike2 K6 a' W9 l+ W M% Z& I+ y
111. Working-to-rule strike
1 Q; O2 W, N8 M; ^/ }- D 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 E8 V% V7 T" C$ H0 t( L% p 113. Strike by resignation8 Y4 J" Y+ R% b+ s5 c
114. Limited strike) |6 V0 b# Y; q" }9 [ F
115. Selective strike& o z0 G" p8 K; O7 W$ r( l) [
) w& \$ F# U# R1 J) x/ Q
Multi-Industry Strikes
, G2 e4 S" ]( B! f8 C
3 ?/ m" t/ _: ^) }1 O i, |8 T# x 116. Generalized strike
2 W) |9 f2 _( G
5 e7 r6 O' W+ j& z2 q 117. General strike1 s$ H% V0 W' I
9 Q% w4 Z* }! W2 \5 u4 zCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, ~3 v5 Z: Q* E7 ^% ]2 E: f2 }' U: N7 \2 x7 F7 D
118. Hartal2 b3 p$ C+ W* D5 [
, M/ [' z* X; T 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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, A/ h. f, h: s. yRejection of Authority
/ V0 ], E+ d2 }7 T/ z 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( p0 m# J5 \$ ? 121. Refusal of public support
( X3 ]5 U9 ]% n2 {1 r 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance* E3 v' H5 ^8 s) r2 |; P) F
7 F! Q+ G$ Z5 T) b& e& m$ r% y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government% ~& k; N1 p) i, G$ g( K4 k
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 @0 W! K& D6 e; v5 ^ 124. Boycott of elections
# n0 C* V9 C0 l, ^$ } 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" o) K; G4 {4 ?1 W, d2 n' ~ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( Q" C+ X6 @9 o$ }/ w" X/ m h+ e- C 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ j' X, @* M$ q& J9 @+ s& K
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 m9 n/ L x3 T! L/ m 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 F5 G( J% Y. ~* i( w8 \9 Z4 l) R 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: h6 f. N# L: L1 g0 {7 n9 k: w 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 s$ V! H6 y) p! @0 q* q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- C4 b9 F# ?0 |9 P) ?4 f \ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 L0 g6 b* m( W% v
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision. i. s" K9 p1 d/ O, w; t
135. Popular nonobedience
& Z3 k, I$ C, V6 Q 136. Disguised disobedience
4 }. b @# n' n3 p 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 P% k# b- I4 d; v+ a1 K
138. Sitdown6 F% [( `6 D* ~7 U2 y; m( Y3 T) a4 a
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- J4 {- H% d4 A' y
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ r M2 B. A* M5 @* e C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 M# n9 ^: V Z. ]: f1 k! r
- G4 k& }$ R7 M6 F. H p! {
Action by Government Personnel/ e* V9 M* A4 {8 w. n* x- U
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
) s" b; ]0 A# ]9 B3 p: W' { e0 I 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 O* I' Z9 M9 s2 k( n! q 144. Stalling and obstruction& ]1 h* t* j* y1 ^( V8 u
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 V" ]2 O) h4 T- V8 s. M6 l, i; x, n& I9 a0 T# {
146. Judicial noncooperation, x' m6 _# j2 M6 M) p: r
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* |" x. D# H2 g+ c
148. Mutiny4 m7 V1 O# z$ K9 E
Domestic Governmental Action$ \' R9 b$ t. K5 c" ~6 g y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ p3 Z8 v* K7 A$ W0 j
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 g/ \7 M% b6 C0 M4 D9 T* G
! c' f Y7 s1 s
International Governmental Action
: P. G1 h. {2 z0 p 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations9 m! g: `7 M, O" I; a' }% A( h
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ ~ p7 d' W% E0 R7 G7 N 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 I& j2 x* K5 e# ^ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations) M" X* e2 { W! d7 {
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( |. ~, N5 J' F% Z4 X- W7 X 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% m* F0 ~' Q( ~4 p3 J7 C8 M# R
157. Expulsion from international organizations- p) R' r* s1 @. t9 T) c+ Z
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$ u& g$ n" W8 h' a* a. ITHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 F: x2 b( R9 ^" q( r
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Psychological Intervention
) u0 g' A! I* I- g" b 158. Self-exposure to the elements2 m# j( ?0 M7 H
159. The fast
# v% ~7 c- V" S1 M a) Fast of moral pressure. O2 H2 z! v$ B! a% l- H
b) Hunger strike0 Z! D; A0 `3 Z: `
c) Satyagrahic fast
+ e, ~* J' `1 j* Q8 i7 p5 W 160. Reverse trial/ m/ S8 k* g! q' m3 S% X# M+ [5 _1 f
161. Nonviolent harassment# q& I) g1 w, ?0 O6 i8 i8 g
* }' `6 O: G) \9 c! y6 O% pPhysical Intervention9 r! \) P" Z3 G+ n$ i
162. Sit-in0 g4 l* P/ ^0 l: ^- n7 ?5 \* O
163. Stand-in8 U x D" G; ?
164. Ride-in
! P$ r1 U! k5 W- G( @ H 165. Wade-in% ]! p! @" m0 W& Z! s2 C9 S& F3 I1 K- @
166. Mill-in/ y& Y# S( F' V" M
167. Pray-in7 U+ L9 x, a) B9 ]
168. Nonviolent raids
1 ?; a: r4 q5 B0 i 169. Nonviolent air raids4 W+ ]6 r: s5 {% S* y1 ]+ H" L
170. Nonviolent invasion2 U# e4 |* t# K6 {" i
171. Nonviolent interjection
$ e- x* f5 |4 M* ?" n- l 172. Nonviolent obstruction
& h# e; L" E+ n& G' d; Q 173. Nonviolent occupation
3 c* y: W) h7 R& D2 ?$ V
" \8 Y) u8 B' Z7 `+ u P5 j/ O5 h6 s2 ySocial Intervention1 _$ G* F( t$ {5 ^4 v+ T2 ~; ]
174. Establishing new social patterns U; p. |; L4 N! Y. w2 ^; ~
175. Overloading of facilities
q8 b- D9 Q }& {- A 176. Stall-in
! Z8 T: a" r5 Q) \2 B) I+ g6 A2 Z; A 177. Speak-in" S% `! y s- s# }0 V/ v: |* }/ ^0 W
178. Guerrilla theater
8 h) y1 F$ |2 n3 [ 179. Alternative social institutions
- O) Y& `1 N2 h5 E& U6 x, ] 180. Alternative communication system/ I( ]$ g; t6 o, F4 D! E' Q' y( |
( y! s$ _6 V/ `& w" hEconomic Intervention+ P" Q0 M$ y) b* u# h4 w2 Z
181. Reverse strike) e+ s5 q5 ~, h) M1 k
182. Stay-in strike
) k; r* s% E1 `) `) Z/ j 183. Nonviolent land seizure
% V3 J P/ ]7 l- ^ 184. Defiance of blockades( L1 w- n$ R. L4 ] k) Q. q; R
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; l9 C" D% Z x7 M1 V 186. Preclusive purchasing I( N$ H" }- }% m/ O! ?
187. Seizure of assets
1 }( A+ S E% ? 188. Dumping
% A$ a( E: V" m# B; x. x' Y 189. Selective patronage
# @2 c0 e/ ^/ x# h* O" j8 Z 190. Alternative markets
8 h# k+ C5 @/ G$ E9 S/ q7 P 191. Alternative transportation systems% f) n4 X4 R9 i7 i e: Y5 ?4 ~+ V
192. Alternative economic institutions. G( m. X0 a& F, k, u3 x5 ?& b! R
9 ?7 N: A( e+ nPolitical Intervention: T% O4 }0 n- P) b
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 c& L0 V3 q$ k: f- h 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; K/ a' ~6 k) x& M 195. Seeking imprisonment9 b$ m4 ~6 S$ D% o& n5 l4 h8 K# [
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ r5 l, I( Z2 {. Y
197. Work-on without collaboration) b G9 v; i5 B
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 T# d; a( k; N8 Z( [' L, O
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
