 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 w; z3 X+ \1 z$ J* {3 m& u
Formal Statements$ _! {. \4 _8 L
1. Public Speeches
3 a0 G0 y$ l* C: ` 2. Letters of opposition or support
, z0 `" O: d/ G5 @ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! s$ f W% N/ @ 4. Signed public statements3 C4 S% N' R- X6 Q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 P4 n. T$ ^ K$ i
6. Group or mass petitions6 l/ `+ _; e8 m4 N) n& x) [
7 v2 @6 j: q, t8 L- Y+ cCommunications with a Wider Audience
: z9 }9 e$ F4 f3 ] 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: w: `; O& `, w6 @, D: f( w
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ F9 T8 k( h% O4 E1 z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 v$ d- \& i' u1 P7 {6 k G; z m 10. Newspapers and journals
- F! P7 r$ g# q" p7 ] 11. Records, radio, and television# [* d( \0 Z! A7 t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 e5 O/ i! e: n0 v
; M3 j1 f. ^5 a0 I0 x/ s5 C7 N( iGroup Representations
3 o2 q/ ?- n/ y5 g; n1 p 13. Deputations& r# e# o0 v4 b1 W6 c. l! C5 s" B
14. Mock awards$ V7 [6 Q- w! U- d, g7 T5 s
15. Group lobbying
- C" b7 x) Q: j# X9 \3 l 16. Picketing0 W) C4 p; N; O9 ^# l i
17. Mock elections4 {6 d/ \6 F/ W/ F) N
8 {0 H5 [6 Y3 P0 p1 KSymbolic Public Acts6 M, H7 z( [8 }
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% _1 A9 B8 s9 ]' z
19. Wearing of symbols
: P w2 x! {; O8 y* ?2 H4 x3 N6 S 20. Prayer and worship# ^& w( N1 _* l- Q, B
21. Delivering symbolic objects! h8 H. H! W5 f7 K1 v: R3 h: F. S
22. Protest disrobings- ]8 b3 R) }$ C% Z& d0 ~1 p& W
23. Destruction of own property1 c. w/ ~0 k7 h' {0 h9 w
24. Symbolic lights
* [1 v* c d5 C! t 25. Displays of portraits
+ m* T' j, q1 Q5 x 26. Paint as protest
6 z4 w3 y5 D1 K" Q 27. New signs and names
6 D0 ^" k0 g; N# R9 U* | 28. Symbolic sounds
1 T6 E9 x) E3 C 29. Symbolic reclamations/ R, ?: K) J3 f- I( H% ?
30. Rude gestures6 m+ r2 B) T3 i5 f8 u0 Q7 |2 G2 G
4 ^5 g1 W# y5 `3 s" J" Q* n( E
Pressures on Individuals% v Z d; _& H, M/ `' e: |
31. “Haunting” officials- ~1 c6 d% I7 |
32. Taunting officials% F |& g8 x$ x& ?# A! m, p5 V
33. Fraternization* j" M& F$ v+ w \6 Z9 j
34. Vigils+ L" d _8 x! D& T* j5 O. S* J
w3 J5 b; ~* v+ C: }$ B
Drama and Music
% P/ Z/ O% z) C: I( } 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ S) @$ g7 |' x( j6 U 36. Performances of plays and music! w9 g5 u4 {# u# l2 N* q, ~- o! v) m
37. Singing( o9 o8 k7 Q( Q( q
* x$ _! k# b( v/ X \% zProcessions+ C# l. {; f8 m+ M( m' l
38. Marches* I7 R& R0 R: a7 l! {' D6 m
39. Parades$ c+ I- \2 |3 M1 V7 n# m) l& d% K
40. Religious processions6 n2 H2 V5 \& Q5 H3 D
41. Pilgrimages; o* J3 H% S- [! W* X, [, c) p
42. Motorcades
5 V) `" ]7 P8 f8 f t& _' M0 a* z/ M* _. C
Honoring the Dead
/ j$ L" J; [" Y* @ 43. Political mourning
3 Z8 v- g# _5 A 44. Mock funerals
, W1 o% D' @6 x1 _' Z: C9 c u( P5 V 45. Demonstrative funerals
. S. p7 A2 D9 k: Y4 l5 g 46. Homage at burial places
7 O( e% r! u6 m& D! ~8 P
8 t. _3 Z2 q( B3 WPublic Assemblies e. S( J8 o( R/ t
47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 m' r* k' ]9 \" u6 ~6 \- Y* ^! q9 D2 u 48. Protest meetings
5 f9 `$ U f" _/ T$ f+ `. v, y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) f1 p. c1 i2 _. O* A, R0 a 50. Teach-ins1 ~: c1 C. k* f6 ^! u# ~8 ]
+ O A, Z N9 q" c, t" A- S
Withdrawal and Renunciation d( P1 a. ]5 E/ }
51. Walk-outs3 A6 _/ l, m6 `: R0 s
52. Silence
y4 g/ k' b: ?* l, T! ? 53. Renouncing honors, a$ _$ ~* E, l2 ?! {1 n- x/ u
54. Turning one’s back
m. W) s- [/ S+ _; w! C6 e/ A" T2 o3 T4 V* z, O3 T1 L i, B
$ C' f6 b1 z! c
4 I& F0 { F0 B: o$ ? v( l7 C$ MTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
0 k+ E+ a6 |/ ^) z' [
, O3 H! F7 M# g# f
7 W, x3 c( S) S4 m2 G/ N+ y7 j# U+ q9 B# ^) ^
Ostracism of Persons; a+ q6 }! |7 D" E
55. Social boycott
0 g" M0 }0 w1 Z# q 56. Selective social boycott
" } X# g1 z! n3 a 57. Lysistratic nonaction
) h- g+ w. }7 }- e+ J. Y6 T: p 58. Excommunication2 d" L7 Z* c( U: C
59. Interdict# e) d$ B7 B1 a# I
- T% z$ T( y2 j; c
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 m! j2 E% |, e: _, L
60. Suspension of social and sports activities! M- c0 U7 z0 o: t \2 p
61. Boycott of social affairs1 {( P. \: k+ J0 X, k
62. Student strike0 W1 k9 U) b7 a5 C; K
63. Social disobedience
: m/ v, m( H" ?5 e4 m 64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 v! T5 E4 ]5 E+ \( I
( @. u3 N6 A# ~ nWithdrawal from the Social System
( Z( I! w4 _) H; ?$ M+ V, n 65. Stay-at-home7 R6 }: i( x. e. L( r6 c
66. Total personal noncooperation
* U: w2 R" H `6 |3 P 67. “Flight” of workers
& p: D6 a# e2 a! r 68. Sanctuary
7 }, B: @7 j1 e1 M( l) {# p 69. Collective disappearance, {$ |# l7 O+ I) N3 |5 j
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)6 C+ d+ G7 u1 X u# s
4 y4 Z8 u7 W$ e$ }. t $ P* }, T D3 C4 M* u+ H
+ S$ G1 u1 [2 l
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
, O, ?+ V) u* V. m. }, N: t! y
& K" M- Q, j7 E8 `9 T" I
$ E- U. B( Z' h& ]9 C$ k% U6 z ]Actions by Consumers
* h; `* e9 f6 @8 e2 E% | 71. Consumers’ boycott
b8 F% B; Z% l" @$ o f 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 [/ m4 @. N/ x9 ^$ s, L$ v; [" V 73. Policy of austerity T7 B# ^* ^+ Y) [ c2 L0 f+ N& o
74. Rent withholding
3 i) e8 e: b$ G# m2 y 75. Refusal to rent
; \4 \4 l; q9 r3 v, w 76. National consumers’ boycott
7 l2 Z& X6 _8 N8 S, W8 u, f 77. International consumers’ boycott
5 A6 G/ D4 ]$ d8 X2 D8 P
4 z" V; |/ J/ {3 bAction by Workers and Producers6 u. g. S: j0 J. H" x
78. Workmen’s boycott0 J% [+ O6 z% v2 A; B2 C" Q
79. Producers’ boycott
& u' c! {$ d7 B j7 s7 ~2 C
% E3 V" D- k# e# v0 BAction by Middlemen
! l$ p+ R* r7 Z 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott. `! k8 p7 x; G- b; R, U+ W6 k
( k1 m4 s- e5 w7 ~ Y1 Z5 L2 N: o
Action by Owners and Management; X. S; z( ~# V" W8 j0 l
81. Traders’ boycott
' M& L& M( @6 T1 _6 M8 q 82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 d" y5 {9 e3 h+ |, z( Y2 ~ 83. Lockout
: x3 |6 |- g T+ p7 \ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance/ j- ^/ _: N* G$ I( _7 n* n
85. Merchants’ “general strike”, u5 j( Q5 \5 a7 V: I6 @
+ n; U, w+ X3 o( S8 t& [2 G8 l
Action by Holders of Financial Resources$ o7 V; Y6 h3 |6 [& C
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" k+ C4 @' C9 @% ]' c$ w 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' E* w. p0 t. L 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
& [$ y/ v" T, Z* U1 ?( Z3 n! [ 89. Severance of funds and credit* m P2 u' s7 b# T( r
90. Revenue refusal
$ p6 k/ y [5 R9 ?! b1 [ 91. Refusal of a government’s money' Z' }( P6 c8 C, j
$ G w- _% i+ h3 A9 F7 H" d
Action by Governments! o# l; D- D& h7 |- e% D
92. Domestic embargo
/ S% \( @/ [" P( j2 _ 93. Blacklisting of traders' F$ S% u. j6 o4 r! k, Q; v
94. International sellers’ embargo
. @; v8 o, M3 y% }: _3 w8 W 95. International buyers’ embargo0 @) M% w! i3 P8 k' B, k e
96. International trade embargo5 [$ s( [5 g1 o3 a1 n' G# J5 B! p
5 `) }2 O/ J& o7 O' \, R& v* _4 |: {
; P0 A8 m# Z& I8 D C: X- ^) o0 f" h! B
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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& d5 m. y' }$ m 9 l$ h9 s e1 w3 z5 a
Symbolic Strikes
4 S, @2 ^- `0 H, N2 |6 ?, Z' \ 97. Protest strike4 G ]$ z+ {0 A; W4 Q, a7 p t" p7 K7 ?
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
6 @$ C+ l' r6 Z
* X1 n* T& M9 p( V! ]Agricultural Strikes) n# Q/ g6 R/ t
99. Peasant strike) G+ }1 V. Y; ?) f `- ^/ V
100. Farm Workers’ strike. n n1 M! k/ p
; v* @; x/ l0 A6 ?5 E* E
Strikes by Special Groups
8 D, d4 K4 ~4 i 101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 l! m; s- `1 k2 r% N. d 102. Prisoners’ strike
9 _, @% N- m/ C0 B, U 103. Craft strike; v/ E% |+ e! S7 M! x$ O" d; D
104. Professional strike
3 h$ b9 M1 ?4 T1 {3 N
1 S* Z) N" ?# {8 j+ V' `6 UOrdinary Industrial Strikes
6 e4 E2 p7 n+ g2 p; C/ O3 b7 k 105. Establishment strike
: k3 j- W2 Y4 ?9 e0 g" J 106. Industry strike# ^: V! K' n/ ~$ @2 a& s9 O9 ?" f
107. Sympathetic strike6 {# l. F8 ^$ A5 Z: l3 X5 g
* [, z9 h+ ?. B! q; v
Restricted Strikes: T0 D' k* N) F
108. Detailed strike
9 a& x' ~# k* M; r3 Z, l0 D 109. Bumper strike
( F3 C) M8 {% L% A) @. \ 110. Slowdown strike
1 A1 Z8 Y: B% } E) N" A* i9 ^ 111. Working-to-rule strike
, X6 ~1 o, Q$ T' h$ E4 G% D$ \ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
( i6 U; g. n" y; l7 e l) ` 113. Strike by resignation; G' ^$ `0 D" u3 H: x$ I
114. Limited strike1 T: w0 m# x G. A5 [5 A
115. Selective strike* l6 X3 @7 k$ c: r+ o3 b0 u% s
) l" g" O# ]/ M6 V
Multi-Industry Strikes
. k* Y! I2 a0 B$ O9 z) ?7 L
N5 @6 {5 B% ?: @5 C$ U% Q 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
% ]( N' I* \ ?- V; E" t# [# ^! J9 {! e8 ]' ]# R$ I4 u4 e4 a4 v: h
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: q: g# C d* c% o
* k8 P2 P6 a$ @" ?: q l, J# C# t
118. Hartal) g. l5 h& l2 `1 W$ x
, h, }! N1 d/ l/ z% L3 M$ E 119. Economic shutdown" G2 v6 V' g( `9 P
1 {# X g+ Q- @: f$ `3 X& U, C
V7 ?0 g! c! Q" j
5 V: {5 B& i- X8 G4 j4 v ^THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' q+ j0 }6 a$ w5 _' R, {$ x2 o% Q/ d
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, o6 V1 u1 T0 \) _Rejection of Authority
* s4 n: @* b* B7 c. n' \1 ]: j6 J 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& \0 k# X( h- Y' V3 G$ t0 Z
121. Refusal of public support8 |7 K6 E! x7 W+ T8 v' n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ h R2 X/ _ n* T$ O g2 M! y3 a% h7 m! X( E' O: p/ I
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* i0 P& x3 V0 j
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; q/ l1 [1 h9 ]. I 124. Boycott of elections
: _; ?, L1 m) A+ H: |9 D. X- H2 R 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; ~5 \* E/ k" ]# S0 E" k 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# j6 a9 Q/ X( x* ~+ w( u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 Z4 V$ }1 T6 e1 n& p8 T 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 T6 w1 {& d+ [" h3 O0 x, L% C 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( x5 ~) g) ^, F3 _, {* s* y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ s6 E# B& H1 Z* w& ~- u 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, i, w1 X( _# j% P5 z0 J+ I
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 L$ o% j! K# y9 e0 `0 I
8 X5 ^3 t% d8 E' W3 u% B+ nCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 U8 L, |8 }6 o b0 W% s% ^ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance* C: n& d# B1 e
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ A( e! m1 L% C. ^, F, e" j 135. Popular nonobedience, H( d* A( f( I& o' U
136. Disguised disobedience
- ~1 w, z6 L4 v2 s* P( ]4 x 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 \/ p& L) W8 b. U: H 138. Sitdown! f2 a3 x. |2 ?: Y2 D" p
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation( d I6 o% [/ e% f6 _
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ ?* t3 M: |$ I7 c
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' g6 A5 M9 ]- Y2 R/ r h2 `% T. S3 |! g# y' @! a* x2 p
Action by Government Personnel
# l( Q+ \% w; z2 ?+ r 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; e3 |+ h0 D1 @4 A3 u- p 143. Blocking of lines of command and information; F7 w" v# p% m$ Q( z( X
144. Stalling and obstruction
3 C- l5 f/ a: l. p: |! \ 145. General administrative noncooperation
0 i5 a2 E0 ?* t6 k! `
p1 }% n8 ?- d7 {# C 146. Judicial noncooperation
9 v1 I5 t# H+ J/ C 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 S1 X" g: p4 H# o" O* F! |" ` 148. Mutiny7 E! O! ^; M" I0 v* |& [! o
Domestic Governmental Action1 Z+ g+ ]) h6 v( O( J7 D- X
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 j+ v0 O6 S; j+ A Y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
/ R/ t/ |+ F- d$ x5 @1 q( D6 H! y9 g6 T' X
International Governmental Action2 C: I: X1 p9 M- x, E& M
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
2 G" w$ f+ C L 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 b6 F" _. f7 F" S, b7 m5 t
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ J9 c8 ^8 q1 k! T. d4 n1 S
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& K+ r! i( q0 C9 R$ s 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 s" n" ?+ [- P, p; N! ^8 j& j8 \
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* ^* X* p. U$ f% u3 T 157. Expulsion from international organizations; T4 S2 k/ y) {
: t$ f, C, m# a! u. z
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5 D8 P! `# G# p4 p* M8 I, oTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
5 M( T4 o* E: ^+ k2 h$ F' P 158. Self-exposure to the elements7 ~- |2 L% m- l3 }6 x: @
159. The fast
5 a1 u4 [/ l3 G a) Fast of moral pressure$ i6 J4 L# x% O! r! [( K
b) Hunger strike9 C9 x4 {7 M' I' B2 C
c) Satyagrahic fast- _. k! `- Q2 K h$ q7 ~7 j
160. Reverse trial
7 k1 s" v3 V' V3 B/ \4 R 161. Nonviolent harassment/ L1 b; m( l1 T, x+ \- a) K0 p
8 l4 X3 Y' B6 M) K; KPhysical Intervention0 A# b: B* h. ?. {. `: [
162. Sit-in
+ d( k9 b8 e( z 163. Stand-in9 X$ O1 w6 t+ i6 n4 g- A
164. Ride-in- E$ R; r. C. q" K8 `9 P
165. Wade-in% f& f( ~; u8 P7 t9 [8 | @! P6 v
166. Mill-in
' B$ Z% o6 B( x 167. Pray-in' r$ L( E6 B$ Y" E' W% ]
168. Nonviolent raids
3 U2 J& k* p4 Y8 T9 m 169. Nonviolent air raids
; d1 p# Y3 ^( k! G* C 170. Nonviolent invasion" a( \; Y N" c; A" [6 S
171. Nonviolent interjection5 M+ a% U% p$ j; U( r# \6 B
172. Nonviolent obstruction
& k8 h& K: I# ~! ~% n6 v 173. Nonviolent occupation
7 @* y* r8 {5 p! [- A' u- N7 [9 N% C+ P
Social Intervention: n1 a# e( ?1 z7 M
174. Establishing new social patterns
: z) b4 v# l: k# N# ^% f& @ 175. Overloading of facilities$ e; T, _9 p; B$ x; t
176. Stall-in* r# c& p! O0 H9 y( c4 M' f
177. Speak-in
' D0 [ v6 U/ m8 g" P 178. Guerrilla theater
3 {, s3 e% I R H+ y) N 179. Alternative social institutions
( N r8 g8 w' [ G. Y4 H. l4 e: C7 | 180. Alternative communication system
! b. ^. ^0 C; X1 f! X+ u0 g4 H& D* |" C4 T3 v2 w
Economic Intervention
* v2 b' E1 E8 C6 Q" r 181. Reverse strike( U# V- W+ b5 A/ X* o6 ^
182. Stay-in strike
$ l' Y: F! o: @2 O7 _' X4 S% M: U 183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 u7 f% J" [* o6 c7 o% _$ Q 184. Defiance of blockades0 c8 A, I/ F, E+ ^6 O6 Q& q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ F; I, t# }3 G/ H/ M! }0 `
186. Preclusive purchasing) M- N* ?4 O& J J
187. Seizure of assets- k4 J' e; [# G
188. Dumping' K5 Z: H7 ^( C
189. Selective patronage
0 H9 Y" \1 L0 V) f( f9 y 190. Alternative markets8 c2 T4 e5 b. u6 N3 f
191. Alternative transportation systems5 `+ x' N1 W& P4 x/ |$ E8 U) h
192. Alternative economic institutions
! T6 \1 F5 Y& ]' W, r2 }) u" w+ _0 M$ }. g
Political Intervention3 T% T3 B) E% W
193. Overloading of administrative systems! [' u0 t {, V4 C) d+ e
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents% i! v x$ o$ i2 n, _0 W0 E
195. Seeking imprisonment
6 L2 v% h' g" x" g+ a 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, I8 u2 T5 A/ \0 o 197. Work-on without collaboration
5 J1 L# B1 T: R/ {: \ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government5 c' a$ [: |6 O, `; r
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
