 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
1 f, H$ g# o) E4 }, F6 lFormal Statements
. y, p$ r' ^" L 1. Public Speeches5 K' Y7 e/ ]6 r7 R9 p' D' s4 N' l
2. Letters of opposition or support
! D' T3 }+ Q. E# {3 z9 b 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 f7 Z( B& A$ z6 h+ L
4. Signed public statements1 @" R8 J& O* Q& m
5. Declarations of indictment and intention) `8 e& N4 ^' U( d- z0 Z
6. Group or mass petitions1 G1 {! @. Q, P3 h
: J: f: ^- g$ J- K
Communications with a Wider Audience
4 a7 t/ \; L( \& x 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ Y8 ?4 ?% ?3 e 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 B& U; h# _1 F+ i3 z/ Q4 J( ? 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( P L! U0 L3 m4 M 10. Newspapers and journals
6 g& k$ _2 g4 f7 J! h 11. Records, radio, and television! `7 z5 L" f; o' o" ]( o
12. Skywriting and earthwriting J9 [5 ?+ g- `" M; E
1 u% Y4 o- e" S9 {( zGroup Representations& z' h" }$ V) F
13. Deputations
& i2 b1 p1 u7 C3 e: o 14. Mock awards
) |3 U) i8 }6 v: G/ Y 15. Group lobbying& L( ~5 B0 N* y: }
16. Picketing; O, P% n% Y( H g# ~: Q/ r8 L
17. Mock elections( s3 O7 A3 N3 c+ y
' M- W8 {) C+ n0 d* I& E8 ~1 B+ W+ e
Symbolic Public Acts. @0 V c7 [7 Q8 J+ h
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, {1 v. A" q; G: ` 19. Wearing of symbols
, @( Y4 n* w1 c. [* t 20. Prayer and worship+ X6 U+ _* V0 \& A) n2 z+ {" }
21. Delivering symbolic objects
' Z$ J6 Z. F8 O6 d- l- g$ R! w 22. Protest disrobings! X+ _' A. g# `; |' g. B
23. Destruction of own property
/ L' ^/ \4 X3 D' S9 P( l4 \4 n 24. Symbolic lights; W: I1 K0 p' M. B3 u
25. Displays of portraits
) R6 B) k: b0 n( t+ E8 {" K+ C 26. Paint as protest) H" S" c6 Q% D* t; z# Q# m7 o" K- p
27. New signs and names0 x6 n" \9 Y3 {3 U) e4 O d
28. Symbolic sounds& u* \! r. E' C: @4 {
29. Symbolic reclamations
8 p' m/ H0 i0 ^8 L 30. Rude gestures' @3 \) y! z9 G% d6 L
4 p# @) E2 f$ c4 H
Pressures on Individuals* A. ]7 [/ v- \# ]! F% J1 I
31. “Haunting” officials# W; d/ C! F1 {! D
32. Taunting officials
- g( q0 }5 m |( W 33. Fraternization
) ]) ?9 F- G! t/ | 34. Vigils
. h7 X1 N- }4 {4 o
& v0 I2 d5 ~2 I! T7 L- U; FDrama and Music
B% R6 j* D- I; }1 P9 W! [$ o 35. Humorous skits and pranks1 V) J3 ~, ^" p; y8 }, T4 V' M
36. Performances of plays and music
+ s# X9 G& d* Y: Q( X* c, ^1 s' H 37. Singing
( w) l% Q" g. `0 Y. C/ k) R
) j1 Z4 ~+ _2 x# iProcessions5 ?/ W- O! O2 S" K9 C# W
38. Marches
) g8 _* F w. ]& n% e n1 X 39. Parades7 n/ J4 b* n: u3 R) L# ?4 I5 Z
40. Religious processions+ {& J' D8 @+ c& F4 Q2 z+ b" ?
41. Pilgrimages% \& m+ q3 G4 ?( ~0 _ s
42. Motorcades+ g" Z) _- @8 D; h$ E: L3 _
( a ~/ I8 E V2 `
Honoring the Dead0 I W7 q8 j* P# L9 \) N
43. Political mourning& X8 F* [1 r! x, o& `' L' ^
44. Mock funerals) u8 Y; t1 B( h9 a; I
45. Demonstrative funerals0 z" p8 Y, @# t% W0 j0 l* `: s a
46. Homage at burial places
\+ Y" G* V9 o6 W/ Y% @( G% R8 }. ?8 L7 G8 \, {
Public Assemblies
: W* G7 A. E+ g- v% \0 `9 H, _ 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ I7 ]" a2 [) Q/ f- p v- i' Z
48. Protest meetings% [/ j1 q E2 d$ A H7 b! X
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# H0 G, d8 G( S, O
50. Teach-ins+ Z" o: u* C& j
; H. h6 t$ f) w5 `# |& A
Withdrawal and Renunciation6 E* K3 ^9 q$ d' I/ X0 [
51. Walk-outs
{* h# v, Y* B2 h/ Z6 [ 52. Silence# E6 A4 x/ e' M- H% ?6 E7 J$ Y
53. Renouncing honors
, ?. a, n' q2 ~9 T 54. Turning one’s back
+ p$ w, l, k+ i9 z) k& l- P9 h& Y5 F5 t4 ^, x% y. w( v
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7 |/ v# Z5 j9 t# ^5 A6 TTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 y+ h: F1 Z0 S0 {
& m8 G6 R0 Q+ H2 Y, n
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/ Q% c8 l7 [) ^2 m" L0 H# e- EOstracism of Persons& b, W F% P' S) [2 }$ z$ A
55. Social boycott
; |" W" Q4 U& s 56. Selective social boycott
- X4 ^- V7 W: g. `7 h" x5 l 57. Lysistratic nonaction0 Z; ~! _1 T. ]. A. V7 K
58. Excommunication
5 W+ D; T, C# _0 q$ F 59. Interdict* S: B# S, ^+ w4 r
8 E8 K. o: u0 p1 T& ^# [" X( _$ wNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 n2 a% k& b4 Z2 V) v1 Y; c2 w 60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 Q8 U3 a, i) F
61. Boycott of social affairs( f5 r! _* T7 O& Y$ ]& J( T! l1 I% D
62. Student strike1 G: H6 f( D! Q. b- H
63. Social disobedience8 s1 H/ K* q7 p0 s
64. Withdrawal from social institutions- m* J2 y" F, k1 h: D
$ O" @, e. R. [# L3 r' d
Withdrawal from the Social System
+ Q8 X6 E/ L/ s' A" w 65. Stay-at-home
1 [2 w/ o$ i, ]& j9 e 66. Total personal noncooperation" p3 {2 x2 `7 ^* C1 Y& h9 D
67. “Flight” of workers6 b; J! j) M% S: o5 `, R! D$ f
68. Sanctuary
" ^. R, y- I9 K' Q x ` 69. Collective disappearance
0 t& w" j9 {3 g& y. w9 K2 `! t 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; ?! s' m: b: n
, S t1 |) Z: F# j; Y; s0 i- U' p' Y7 `
d" H+ j. n8 g& {( R% CActions by Consumers
8 Q E- H$ r, \: U, R2 G$ t 71. Consumers’ boycott" h( ~% k- _4 S$ c5 e& f, ]
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: ?" o% s6 W4 P3 G" w. [! H' A4 q
73. Policy of austerity
y' z- Z8 N4 _ 74. Rent withholding# R# t: i V7 b8 c+ d- Y7 O/ c. B% `0 a
75. Refusal to rent8 k; i* Z# Q2 B6 ]
76. National consumers’ boycott: X$ S$ f! a0 y/ L ]1 c. q# Z; C
77. International consumers’ boycott1 @8 m3 B9 D J; h; Y* W' u, X
o2 H6 ?$ a- a% X& F
Action by Workers and Producers
/ P6 W% g* s# f8 O# c2 s 78. Workmen’s boycott9 y! O0 Y8 ]$ S; X( e9 i- ]( [
79. Producers’ boycott, |5 X+ a- i/ m
6 j. Z9 q) e; kAction by Middlemen+ R" `" u" u( E' N* b
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% L( b! ~$ B( @8 c6 j$ C- v
) j* {/ {" N/ u" [Action by Owners and Management& z4 t' k6 k1 x" Q& B e6 y3 | m
81. Traders’ boycott
6 M4 C+ b* Y! E3 Y- Z 82. Refusal to let or sell property1 S% h5 @5 ^/ r* g( `
83. Lockout
( H) h9 }" Q4 Y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 l, |* `" o. r
85. Merchants’ “general strike”) @, j7 N, ]( g, s* l1 \
; |, W% F- I3 \2 e9 o. e" \Action by Holders of Financial Resources) P: v8 E$ [4 R
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 P" L; l0 r$ A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) B- ]2 [* y0 O; e1 W3 s7 A i3 k 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* L( E* H+ m8 ]. o 89. Severance of funds and credit
" g. l" Z( Q' i* I( q+ V% n# X b( c' H 90. Revenue refusal
% c, z7 B" x; T- p2 t: _- i- h+ I2 h 91. Refusal of a government’s money) o) w& [. C9 z2 J$ y2 w7 K$ L
R& w' E- ]# h. F
Action by Governments
. i) t9 y# g& y, a7 r 92. Domestic embargo+ V6 Y+ I3 s. f# ^3 y# S( t
93. Blacklisting of traders
( |5 w, a7 g5 _7 m( D: I 94. International sellers’ embargo
" Y% z5 Q% L e& ^/ n8 I9 D 95. International buyers’ embargo3 ~8 `0 |. f `+ q5 l
96. International trade embargo6 I) }8 x& S3 Y; h0 Y% }' y" D
+ h# t6 o6 J V" }5 D
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
5 c" o6 W# ]* _4 O+ b$ M
" e2 j- U2 m7 X. p2 g , l1 H" \( [' Y6 }1 ~1 H$ a
Symbolic Strikes, h. {0 ?( I% k4 q0 d) |
97. Protest strike
3 K; ?" b% N! j4 g 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 O1 u1 {. f) q. \
/ D# Q" L! S7 R
Agricultural Strikes& m( F' q3 ^2 U) L! C3 M
99. Peasant strike
/ V8 c, E/ F# l/ ?8 e 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 k: O8 q- p+ G0 _( T/ K
/ O7 l( b, d. n! rStrikes by Special Groups+ F$ v: y' t2 o: d: o4 Y
101. Refusal of impressed labor% s0 ^. ]- i* p; r# i/ @
102. Prisoners’ strike7 m. L! L; K8 }4 K+ u3 k
103. Craft strike' L {* |, B w" C0 C
104. Professional strike( {) q. |: ^9 J" w3 _
4 n# h4 n: z9 j; l) o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
" k: M& F; I) ?$ C1 W 105. Establishment strike) e' L0 k( G* ?& m ]
106. Industry strike2 V+ J) a) [* _+ ?4 {7 T% k
107. Sympathetic strike, R- X N O0 D; E2 P. @: W
: s5 a/ y# P4 t; _
Restricted Strikes0 _2 Q; q8 p$ h! g6 H
108. Detailed strike/ B" K( t% s1 P0 H8 }" [( f9 e* c- [
109. Bumper strike0 } g: y4 e9 v6 i; Z3 f' d
110. Slowdown strike
; R# i1 ~7 Q" l8 t) s1 I, g+ H/ R 111. Working-to-rule strike- K) M( O: g8 U9 s0 b9 F1 w
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 F$ K) g5 p+ U e& t& O! \# G 113. Strike by resignation9 S3 [, L) z& f& q& X! M
114. Limited strike) n+ o/ w0 @4 f5 R" H: I
115. Selective strike
+ n0 X. c4 ]5 `) T
7 e" ?6 v2 T0 ?( j1 j* `Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike
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, j( |( A: h' R8 j* @$ a8 U: n 117. General strike
+ L. Z8 `9 m' S% _/ d+ C: g& g0 P; D/ U
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 z. F5 U) O8 W. ?4 O. A* Z0 w
+ C" s2 R, |6 b* i. K3 X6 P% B# V, w 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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# A" f9 s; e+ gRejection of Authority/ E9 Y- ~& H! }# R8 C
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ m+ a4 C2 e9 x$ w5 D' x 121. Refusal of public support1 { \/ H# c. J: u) D, n" R/ D
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance* N5 l' G3 b4 Y1 i) y) R
- z+ @- y3 S }- r, h7 z: i0 vCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government& V8 Q( n; B' U( M5 T) x: j
123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 O( s# A- z6 p
124. Boycott of elections1 [) P0 N- m2 `* q* a D( S$ ~3 g& S- i
125. Boycott of government employment and positions# d0 y- F& O0 x) u6 n
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
& {$ e, C* l: A4 {8 d# f7 y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( l% A G {: a; `. W& L
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& g: [+ d7 ]1 g8 C; \
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 F& F2 P# r& o' e+ d3 h0 _4 ^ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks( b# j# c) @9 |9 O; J I9 e: P
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ n* A0 {' M9 j9 C" P' r3 O
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 L7 }9 [% p9 q" M& @: |: H
6 i c' O. ]6 {7 y6 e7 dCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: X# ~" \0 J* W4 G0 G, [. I3 | 133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ {1 Y, ^- l7 M, y s! g
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& e- |! i W( w
135. Popular nonobedience
1 |, ]6 u% {( i+ v; K+ F 136. Disguised disobedience
* d7 a* @: o. N 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 r* @1 c" o- b: l. w
138. Sitdown U0 @4 ?. o, ?" p8 ]9 d. f7 k+ i
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
. h, C% @: [7 v 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities" l) z1 W* `9 a+ t$ r7 c/ ]% {& t
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 C7 q" F- K# T) f# I; u! T
* A E+ C7 t5 i9 @8 Z0 I' YAction by Government Personnel
$ F' u+ z5 X( r: J$ P 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ p e1 I( Z+ A; F1 u2 ] 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& k' A: v0 X# N! i- t, E 144. Stalling and obstruction2 b, H( A: ?% X' Y1 \( ~
145. General administrative noncooperation; A- l2 h5 o" o# l9 r# z/ p7 U0 B
; J9 w" m, b, P/ L+ i r. F0 t) d9 o
146. Judicial noncooperation
+ M S3 u" ?( o 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 I8 a5 V+ r* Y3 m2 c, ]
148. Mutiny J6 J; M$ t7 k/ t
Domestic Governmental Action
6 a- p/ |; {3 w# e 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 ~' p- a2 T# q( Y) R 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
" o8 J. q) n) R) N) B, P- W0 ^. e+ Q8 v/ ^: u: k
International Governmental Action6 V+ j' e- \. a7 x
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations; X$ |: I/ @" i9 ?7 g" \ Y+ k
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
6 C5 |$ a, @2 k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 D) g" Y6 V9 f2 t7 _: T! L+ C7 L 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
0 `1 C0 c' O3 j ] 155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 c6 |4 ` U3 M! O8 Z& {6 H+ [
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 V5 }$ x4 v6 Z# h. B1 M7 @& j; O
157. Expulsion from international organizations/ x) I0 [. Z+ v8 R( e, S$ j
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& y9 H' s) D4 F1 v+ ITHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
. G0 U0 f7 Y/ W$ l0 T2 z$ Z6 ]: z 158. Self-exposure to the elements( w# L2 b5 X- i2 E2 B w9 l5 G
159. The fast) ^: V9 J' E2 l
a) Fast of moral pressure. z1 k/ I3 r6 C( N
b) Hunger strike
, ` Z) x) P$ D- t* H+ O+ S- h, H, M c) Satyagrahic fast' K# B! A" b- n- F% @* O) n O: _
160. Reverse trial5 q5 q: \2 V% N+ X
161. Nonviolent harassment
* H3 g) `$ R& `: V1 z* F! ~! U. E ~- {9 O0 }5 k+ j3 f
Physical Intervention
& r+ K* V! {. V- P$ v 162. Sit-in
' G0 G [) c) J) |3 @2 q 163. Stand-in0 F' C6 G3 ?6 @6 G" ^/ ]0 K/ C
164. Ride-in
' x9 d) F9 _! R$ K0 m 165. Wade-in1 k, z) b: {. o7 x" [
166. Mill-in
$ X4 m4 F# v% G" d3 a3 R 167. Pray-in, x* g. _! W* b4 Z" }
168. Nonviolent raids+ J1 F1 v+ S0 [. @8 ^" v: E" D1 u
169. Nonviolent air raids
+ i4 p: `. ]6 P& G$ n% x) _ 170. Nonviolent invasion, l* y5 H& \- [3 p6 v# S6 X
171. Nonviolent interjection+ Q) P0 f2 V) d" m {2 v* {
172. Nonviolent obstruction* L% a) q6 X; b) F5 O% _, O
173. Nonviolent occupation% g) j% j2 u @; ]
, a) x8 k- c; ^- a
Social Intervention
& A! z! `1 { X 174. Establishing new social patterns
, r( Y* N( j% O2 n/ z& Z 175. Overloading of facilities/ t i6 V$ Y- ]* N" C* q! o
176. Stall-in
, P; ^4 A+ v$ x6 N: O6 T6 z 177. Speak-in% `/ {- }% @1 Y, T7 E z6 _/ H& E, l
178. Guerrilla theater0 [) N7 l! [. v+ o, L& o7 r3 V$ T
179. Alternative social institutions. u% `" ^0 ~; R4 _+ }
180. Alternative communication system4 m& H; }& ]8 y, n L: m1 u3 z# p0 c
: G: R& e k! p$ x. N, @& u) aEconomic Intervention8 k0 {* t0 B1 Y# d( D8 O, v
181. Reverse strike
! q1 d, }/ k4 W 182. Stay-in strike3 E' v' T" C( I/ ^8 Q2 _
183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 P0 s0 V1 V8 z2 i 184. Defiance of blockades
3 D1 ]- _+ _% r 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) Y l' b; i7 r& O* ~! s 186. Preclusive purchasing
Q4 O9 \1 c0 J8 D0 A& q 187. Seizure of assets
& ~% k% e6 D3 R5 ^, T 188. Dumping
8 d! S! {4 z4 q 189. Selective patronage
1 s4 f3 @/ m) y4 F: s 190. Alternative markets. X" p1 B: c% X$ c, t
191. Alternative transportation systems O) b) e' g1 }" {% A9 ~
192. Alternative economic institutions1 c; u% w3 Y- H- y
; S9 ~- @9 @( _* a& q
Political Intervention* c2 a. V! @/ d0 V+ A5 W/ B' V
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 d1 X* m ]& e0 a) @ g 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 Y% ~8 V, I- V9 ^3 D
195. Seeking imprisonment$ H. t [& o/ i; }8 r) [; R! g
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& K9 g" d$ K, F% Q0 M
197. Work-on without collaboration8 L+ q1 m3 |9 B6 |5 |
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
