 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( f. v. y: I; Q3 \- c
Formal Statements
- m7 [7 a) j0 I3 V% t 1. Public Speeches/ ~' `/ Q+ B" m/ m6 ?$ E* Y/ g
2. Letters of opposition or support. P8 B, P' b6 h+ B' X4 U/ U$ W
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
/ d3 r: R; s! a D# J; a 4. Signed public statements& x% V( U$ S/ V) Y# }8 p
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
3 g h( Q& ~1 I7 E) k 6. Group or mass petitions
5 E' D: U3 a) s# J7 f1 b8 E
7 E& n0 s u+ H9 u/ _0 z7 NCommunications with a Wider Audience
: B$ ]0 Y# U( e 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) O; P& _" K7 M5 l! W/ K$ h
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% w" p/ x% V$ D
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 n9 a" Y+ _: o8 D0 P
10. Newspapers and journals
# R+ q6 K( f( w. a 11. Records, radio, and television
/ g k1 V H! ^1 Q* @6 B5 j8 Z 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" K# l3 E7 R6 ^. j a% b
1 H0 w9 _0 v" C+ o+ wGroup Representations
0 J; c+ D, U$ R# }- u9 Q$ Z 13. Deputations
4 U8 i/ r+ h/ X5 u9 v9 N: v 14. Mock awards
. s2 n% T2 S1 q! O* B+ h# M 15. Group lobbying
3 y; X0 \1 [0 _$ h3 d/ Q9 D; _/ _2 } 16. Picketing! b1 d2 `% ?/ V* I. T
17. Mock elections* `, g Z! _8 u
: n/ f) h" d& ?5 X4 l) a- a1 {Symbolic Public Acts* Z1 Q9 x' g3 H4 E7 b; I6 @6 o
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
/ ^6 D. J& |' V8 @. w4 B. p 19. Wearing of symbols- L ?( l# Q" _" J S
20. Prayer and worship
" @9 V4 E* m" C: W/ B 21. Delivering symbolic objects |/ ?' S( O S: m7 x+ |: n
22. Protest disrobings" |. x: P+ \; n7 S, t
23. Destruction of own property9 o9 o0 F: c; @6 x. N4 |# d6 @
24. Symbolic lights2 O# `* U4 x @! m5 `1 ?- `6 {) Y3 Q5 n
25. Displays of portraits! g' p g" u2 K) s
26. Paint as protest
$ a1 ]# v5 [3 X9 Q 27. New signs and names
) ~: D: p! _/ K- A3 {3 { 28. Symbolic sounds
) ?$ W# Q, z& ]% I# N0 I 29. Symbolic reclamations
/ X p. L$ m0 V, A% e: N! D 30. Rude gestures
5 E; R" t% F0 V7 K- n6 B. u" T! v7 l# O" ~! M, H; d Y
Pressures on Individuals
, `1 H; [. P3 s K7 K4 }7 I 31. “Haunting” officials
/ [/ U) b+ ^- K O( s7 n 32. Taunting officials; b9 l) w* D! F) {
33. Fraternization
) m+ v% N- w- \- h2 ~ 34. Vigils9 T; K( f# ?$ | k6 ?, _ g; O+ `
0 q. L0 }2 e1 a# _, _7 j( ZDrama and Music
. H. J* n7 R# {& q6 E 35. Humorous skits and pranks2 m. d S P) ]( K" @/ l- y
36. Performances of plays and music( y4 y- `8 v7 J( U! F
37. Singing
& |, i( [' `+ w
" S" k+ i& R2 \1 {: \: s7 OProcessions
# Y) t: P0 [ v2 Q* u 38. Marches; b. m+ H6 g) @/ o$ Y
39. Parades
$ k! ]. ?4 g7 I2 }" z7 d# e 40. Religious processions5 R& u3 P9 K2 x. i2 j) [7 B- G
41. Pilgrimages' z1 w9 |( g( f5 j) {# u
42. Motorcades
2 U! Q7 w' U! S& B
) ~6 V; E7 n; k" Y+ k) NHonoring the Dead8 Z- f- ~& R$ c: i- r! C
43. Political mourning
0 M9 g* s6 R% z/ h/ Z9 C' F5 F 44. Mock funerals& n) _( h5 F5 `$ j% }
45. Demonstrative funerals
2 M' F2 _) R/ G6 m4 B* ~+ H* G 46. Homage at burial places0 R4 T9 z& S9 Q! Q& \7 h$ {9 z3 E
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Public Assemblies
) _, e8 K- G' D9 q$ q: D 47. Assemblies of protest or support' E0 T" M# S- ^- Z1 ^
48. Protest meetings
_; O5 x$ U, t" J2 N 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 k: W, ^/ D2 l
50. Teach-ins
7 C. S+ R& T O- F! Z9 l' l4 O* g$ I
Withdrawal and Renunciation+ m! `- {. d* {
51. Walk-outs f7 `; I4 I/ } x8 W
52. Silence
! n' i% k$ x+ G, v 53. Renouncing honors
1 I3 I4 A( l/ T 54. Turning one’s back3 L' Z8 J" J5 ]( \& P
N. X4 r( q/ S. P5 F- v+ r" k6 |
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6 O2 e1 _) x: V5 p/ M7 I7 A, _* S' W6 v
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ C! n* L. f+ K) Z" a3 l/ d! d5 c, L7 L7 m) M
0 M) ], ^ u- N% N% q* ~) k6 _( y$ q0 D
Ostracism of Persons. j# Q6 i) P+ W2 h
55. Social boycott
2 E) j5 P8 {* Z 56. Selective social boycott
: [ ~4 z3 g! N 57. Lysistratic nonaction" U+ F! A/ i( y1 e" i, E
58. Excommunication
- f/ ~( g/ c$ }1 A; r- e0 s1 e 59. Interdict
; c" l0 K F: d' u" ~, k! i5 L) E+ K7 g7 L9 J1 z. y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 Y! B9 p- ]: {9 T ~ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ a, h' \& |, q: d; z* x
61. Boycott of social affairs3 |5 o+ f: f" E: M) [" O$ m6 |
62. Student strike
0 R( {9 i5 K% G$ P2 V 63. Social disobedience/ E: j" z0 V2 @/ ^& O5 O
64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 _) ~, I) D- y$ k
) j: S, y% S& ~- q3 d, h8 F6 r' h, Y
Withdrawal from the Social System6 y1 x9 g0 u) A/ V1 }( \7 H3 {
65. Stay-at-home
1 V% v: T, `& W- L9 e' }& k8 c3 x! x 66. Total personal noncooperation
- O) z% B! s2 @& f, @ 67. “Flight” of workers5 l% f0 r6 u% a
68. Sanctuary* P" t6 T) _2 ^! r
69. Collective disappearance+ |1 k) U/ a- l* ?. z. i3 d
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)! F, U- ^6 \$ E6 q9 h: N6 W
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3 F# Q+ N6 C) e+ D6 xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 }: S4 ? Q; b9 Q5 J: z
2 r0 ?4 W ?% m 9 M; G. Y8 K# n$ v' [, @
Actions by Consumers8 \% t8 V% r1 n& i" y6 K" `1 J
71. Consumers’ boycott9 X6 D% q2 M9 c: m
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 y% I) r5 _# ]2 O7 _% Z
73. Policy of austerity
1 P. Z- K7 o3 P) G% P$ k 74. Rent withholding
1 M- J( `: I- ~5 E/ e* a 75. Refusal to rent
" ?8 n8 v- N! q 76. National consumers’ boycott
0 ]+ o/ p C: Y8 N7 j 77. International consumers’ boycott
9 P0 b& P. Y/ U7 A( a$ c% T9 }9 p' Z# d4 S4 L
Action by Workers and Producers- U/ j- R/ u/ ]+ k
78. Workmen’s boycott* h# M3 H: E0 P% q' _
79. Producers’ boycott
0 [( _, c( R& F( s; h6 f
* n* U/ U" a0 R, N# Z4 C$ i/ ^Action by Middlemen
! L) L# @' [: n% k- s$ f6 L 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. q- |7 `: Y" m* u) N0 J m0 Z4 X6 J9 f2 V, C) V6 I% H. {' q2 ~
Action by Owners and Management' s( I; Z5 q7 f& T/ \, o. P2 d
81. Traders’ boycott
) M1 S5 P; r$ ~* c2 j+ R/ z$ f7 l 82. Refusal to let or sell property
& E/ Z9 |: ^. U8 i5 Y 83. Lockout* J' Z8 n, d6 y2 x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ F! o5 R, ^7 E3 J: G) Q' b" I 85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 g* S( z) x; L! L; B& h% [
" d/ Y8 h/ z; G# a" u7 w# v
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
8 R& P; Q- p1 C# \ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& o) I4 k4 i9 |5 C6 f 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& a' t5 V+ I3 x. F) g 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 x; W8 r/ f. g$ B* H, U4 r
89. Severance of funds and credit+ V: F: Y Y3 N+ B2 e( c5 X
90. Revenue refusal# e( m8 |1 L# d. F" d! }
91. Refusal of a government’s money7 s% r5 Z3 g; d) `: e
( u% @& L; ^: a0 ?( v: AAction by Governments
; c1 A$ v2 C* t; }- g( p: u 92. Domestic embargo Q- s2 v, S4 p
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 P% o. E+ A4 G 94. International sellers’ embargo J+ u2 J7 \* p! V, J
95. International buyers’ embargo
. p! E4 I( w; K6 h2 G: \+ k 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE q0 U# \# R! n7 W9 G
6 |4 a, P6 r( i9 v1 S5 m0 M
3 e% j/ c) z" a' m# @' _
Symbolic Strikes+ o8 I! \ K8 Y$ p! ~$ F
97. Protest strike
9 R' S0 @1 f1 Q9 V; W! F, m 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
* @% Y7 P1 l7 a* k4 q% X& s- h* P0 j) P3 s
Agricultural Strikes
% M; E$ f' P; F& X 99. Peasant strike
. N8 P. _: b1 U 100. Farm Workers’ strike T# ]! O, q3 u3 d1 g
, V2 @6 }1 |/ S, [9 U
Strikes by Special Groups
+ L$ I, U0 C: k7 W. f 101. Refusal of impressed labor+ U0 d7 Q/ `( {! V4 p
102. Prisoners’ strike
) v8 T& Y2 x5 e5 m) I' }- h 103. Craft strike
4 @9 r. j7 K: _5 b& c% V/ D! ~; b 104. Professional strike: s$ X, K2 }) @7 {1 V
, z, E& N) D+ H1 n% s+ N$ F3 A" l9 JOrdinary Industrial Strikes
( q0 X7 B" D l& R* x 105. Establishment strike
5 e4 X4 L# b& |" [, ]" W4 S& y4 X 106. Industry strike. w* j% ]6 C, i- q! V# Z
107. Sympathetic strike
5 k1 s+ n, w I, }3 N# s2 V2 P. z4 x. S6 C7 b
Restricted Strikes- u b9 f, k; E# h
108. Detailed strike% S+ c" L7 G$ O" y
109. Bumper strike' `' p; f8 `4 R( a/ z
110. Slowdown strike0 L5 i% c% x/ p2 A/ Z. n' T8 W
111. Working-to-rule strike
; P' J/ u% [$ b! C$ E* V 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 J. Z/ K: A u9 [
113. Strike by resignation
4 J0 y8 Z* F2 g0 v9 i 114. Limited strike
! t; j, P6 r9 s/ G 115. Selective strike
1 |1 Q* e5 k+ O w- ]# N4 T2 o4 T; u" l4 d/ g
Multi-Industry Strikes
- V$ _5 ?2 y: A! @' f. ^1 m2 g `# K9 v, Z
116. Generalized strike3 {5 i( J$ I B
3 _; I2 `, j4 V# p% F3 ~" v o
117. General strike
8 \9 r \. G5 d& T9 Q+ D# n3 J \$ h/ K% j* G K4 J5 v
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- J2 @7 u5 ]+ G% ~% ]) X$ j) S) A. A ]0 ]7 D( w; t5 C
118. Hartal$ x2 ?3 i9 z; b% K$ e
4 m. A T* u/ Q 119. Economic shutdown
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- y. O% w! t4 gTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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. Z/ {- M2 \0 u! }Rejection of Authority
! [& Y9 Y \' F; @/ Q# x$ E5 ` 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ }6 L) Q2 B2 k' w) o, V" k# @
121. Refusal of public support: E4 j7 \* q6 }# f" n, ^( Z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: I$ o( D- U3 i, x# }7 l" W- r9 j& d* U+ D! t; @
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. ~) ~& ^8 F+ ~ l' P- G 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" B# @" w* X8 y
124. Boycott of elections2 j: w6 Y! w' `0 D1 W/ i& `5 e9 H
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ F# {6 D5 f2 Q; } 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 H. I* j# \' V2 w 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions; ^ S; P+ W, F
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 Y5 e. W% o) P% ~ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 p& q1 n. n3 i9 n5 L" h+ Y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ C7 \& K$ @( N9 N7 S o7 D4 b
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 p: [: C3 d9 O3 J+ w3 U& r
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. w) Z, w3 k! u
+ z8 b! L i0 b o+ h i! D
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& n6 u/ M* q( {1 r 133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 \" E( J; B- |! a
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 M, w' w* }5 @6 u; v% Z
135. Popular nonobedience1 d6 R" j' ?" @: o: t2 \ {% @
136. Disguised disobedience
' P7 f: H& T3 o 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 K( c y$ ~9 ?, J2 }* G 138. Sitdown3 k7 _# X1 L# }% l& }! u+ e
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 |2 L; U0 O9 S* D, m. R 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 A, W9 ]1 s; h' A9 P6 T8 S 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws& G" C$ u& F- P" U9 T( u
: S: `" A( ]$ `* r( I% A3 ~6 |5 `
Action by Government Personnel
( D" t) t2 s& d1 R" t5 U6 F 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, V* ~- w3 d, n' p7 U
143. Blocking of lines of command and information: q/ Y+ K+ T( t' f, c- o2 }7 `( s; j
144. Stalling and obstruction
# ^" Y; C) H! y1 M# ]4 @ 145. General administrative noncooperation
( _* b0 [, z! P/ w/ l7 e# v
3 l8 X! ]& B X' i 146. Judicial noncooperation4 R) q( v9 X Z- _) _
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# z. ~- _6 x, Q! W/ W 148. Mutiny
* ^% p) s8 a* S* r) FDomestic Governmental Action) o$ ~7 ?5 W7 v! g, j3 o. N# ^
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
1 n# ^( `# p3 t/ B8 m9 U 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 Y1 Q- [: w8 C% l) a
% {" j9 N5 o; v; l
International Governmental Action
, Q. R) a9 L% F7 V/ }5 C 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 G1 f) y4 F: ^# I
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; v. w8 S5 N+ _ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ K2 ~5 g# |) \/ ?, q
154. Severance of diplomatic relations) A. `1 z6 ?$ m, [: }* W
155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 I9 d: c" W2 [' Y+ h8 {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* `" _* ]0 [( ] s! }9 |/ q 157. Expulsion from international organizations: L( k) h# e$ M3 s- S0 G, J8 M7 x
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6 r3 d' Y7 z) A) p- OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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: W% H0 S4 F# [: O+ s. GPsychological Intervention! m' X* K0 k* o$ K& B
158. Self-exposure to the elements
; @0 Q) W2 W2 L: U) Z. B4 G. E' Q4 } 159. The fast
! `5 j+ o: D. q' u) R a) Fast of moral pressure
% K# N" u' i3 H# G b) Hunger strike5 F$ O! Z7 g, ~' ~. H
c) Satyagrahic fast
( C# U! B' j/ C" d1 j! S 160. Reverse trial+ g4 y- h+ e. l0 U( w
161. Nonviolent harassment
2 h0 F1 M5 K0 J: d) j: ~
% H$ n* X& O& ~( @9 U1 o2 j U) nPhysical Intervention4 A9 _( ]0 B1 u' J0 f
162. Sit-in
# u( i2 u$ ?# P0 v' [& |6 U 163. Stand-in. R+ t( J! v& K* M
164. Ride-in5 N- R5 C' [+ K& ?, s4 q# @; y
165. Wade-in
- i# ~9 X" Z# y8 ] 166. Mill-in" L) x. U) ]( Z: ?% Y
167. Pray-in5 U6 Q( J: J, j0 L6 I, e+ \
168. Nonviolent raids
8 E, @ }' m0 }4 e4 l! M 169. Nonviolent air raids
; ?6 d0 m h# a" b6 W1 ?$ s! \ 170. Nonviolent invasion
. x7 T" I, p) q6 i; f 171. Nonviolent interjection
" _- z; p9 w# @. L/ q9 G 172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 W; x9 E7 N1 W" x0 j: l 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention% Z% t( n5 q6 c6 u4 }
174. Establishing new social patterns6 D; X. A; C& C& O! {
175. Overloading of facilities
/ t0 l/ @7 ~3 f+ X. F- u& ^ 176. Stall-in, P: t1 O* {6 s+ R
177. Speak-in
8 K: u4 h" X, \4 { 178. Guerrilla theater
. [4 K* s! E0 K4 i, x* C( z/ | 179. Alternative social institutions$ R3 z8 u0 E. B: O( C
180. Alternative communication system# [6 e' E7 C8 d3 X. ]; K
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Economic Intervention
8 X& X0 m3 p+ |+ z 181. Reverse strike
, ], z7 H2 d$ D# h 182. Stay-in strike4 U; z4 z7 X! ~# Z( ]: u8 m
183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ @* O K) c7 C/ B" j! k6 p 184. Defiance of blockades- E3 b7 `! h( N) b& E& `
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ v5 z9 y4 t7 C2 E0 S 186. Preclusive purchasing7 {4 G! K: G0 S9 v1 v/ {- N
187. Seizure of assets
+ a) _( g5 ]. \) f* B* O* b+ P# y* w4 l 188. Dumping
0 }# U1 I9 e* Z; }* \ 189. Selective patronage
- [3 \1 I: R+ Q. E; E9 q 190. Alternative markets
" O# }; d3 k, x: L' Q6 H 191. Alternative transportation systems5 x: X6 ^7 y4 t: t
192. Alternative economic institutions( S' \. Y4 K$ b$ W% S! I1 I
C% ~, ?& n8 o4 {9 @- G) S
Political Intervention
& X0 |+ Z( `4 W% U$ [/ d2 Y2 b 193. Overloading of administrative systems/ [# M3 G/ q4 D8 N8 M) ?
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
. Z4 Y; Z/ E3 N 195. Seeking imprisonment
7 S4 y7 I: y$ V# n9 [ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" d' c1 _) p7 }9 e4 g0 i* D! E 197. Work-on without collaboration$ Z- f! e4 w! B+ e& t, W
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" ~) Z6 T4 T B1 l3 d7 U) ?, c
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
