 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# g0 t2 [* P7 ]/ }! g- ~3 e j
Formal Statements7 G8 P7 r# ?" T# z( K, ^
1. Public Speeches
% S$ Q* ?7 s" b2 `( O; j$ n: _ 2. Letters of opposition or support" O% R R& q* k/ f6 M
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! o% w- |1 A# C
4. Signed public statements2 N2 q! E$ j' Q8 @* u2 ]
5. Declarations of indictment and intention! E2 o( s+ O' d @0 }9 `
6. Group or mass petitions7 r' h4 I& c8 u9 m U% j9 c
9 I- U( h/ K( J! z0 gCommunications with a Wider Audience
5 ~7 z7 B/ ~* n+ h1 t) `* q 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 y2 p' L! L( \$ k7 E7 ` 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% n& Q. v$ D! A& a8 w' u
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" y! v+ {0 j& H. ~' |" c" p, y
10. Newspapers and journals
: ?5 M0 l% {+ Z) H8 ^4 x2 k 11. Records, radio, and television% V6 C* `* t4 ~& ~ Q( F, H* w
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 c7 M3 f& s% j3 n5 O# f* c( }4 T) M
Group Representations
# O: m% w( k0 H8 R- s 13. Deputations, R/ ]6 y( D {
14. Mock awards* a$ c# ~5 L, n5 {
15. Group lobbying
! y; {1 h) f/ _8 u( N- Q4 j+ d 16. Picketing
3 O; ?# ^4 u+ I 17. Mock elections& A& O3 Q" W* x ~) C1 o
7 k6 T7 K5 h, E' B# a m- xSymbolic Public Acts- n$ f% P3 C5 i! w% E# }7 o
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% k) I4 j; t4 _2 E8 l( f
19. Wearing of symbols' p( J3 e9 R x+ j" H* X9 B: r
20. Prayer and worship
$ Y( u, b8 l; L/ y; c 21. Delivering symbolic objects
" R+ b h0 i" Y9 e 22. Protest disrobings
/ {# ]0 e5 ?) _5 z8 z 23. Destruction of own property, ?0 k" V0 ~/ l4 V3 K% G
24. Symbolic lights
5 y) N. H: w6 M5 l8 Y' }% x5 K% \ 25. Displays of portraits: { H+ x9 S. E8 a. v1 {
26. Paint as protest
7 u4 b1 l3 {6 p 27. New signs and names
# i9 x! D1 U- v2 q! x1 u h 28. Symbolic sounds
* r: Z: M$ p _( f 29. Symbolic reclamations" T( J: q- A( t
30. Rude gestures
- q: J; X' |+ q d4 m
) G# H N! `+ e! XPressures on Individuals
, T+ i" g* t& i7 F& u$ b5 R6 n 31. “Haunting” officials6 ?3 Z+ u% N E0 h5 C
32. Taunting officials
1 E! q& n) H0 F. I/ b 33. Fraternization8 L& K/ Z- T" k
34. Vigils, E4 I$ e9 n6 w: z' G8 [8 A
# [& _' M: T5 M5 a/ x6 eDrama and Music- o( [+ z% x% A; T" R6 z* l
35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 y, g$ L5 I# w' L 36. Performances of plays and music; B: D3 E! z7 I" J
37. Singing
# x/ c7 ]/ X3 V, ], }$ u* g( \0 b; P; S F; f: ~5 D
Processions& [7 K! W5 J: R; |* u9 k% w
38. Marches
9 C! u' I: b. }& C3 ] 39. Parades
w6 P& g' g5 F+ I5 e8 Y, x1 g; g 40. Religious processions
, W0 T/ }1 C0 K h: u, Y3 }5 m 41. Pilgrimages" }6 m' V+ ]. K/ t
42. Motorcades
1 b' F9 B# Q) K7 l# O9 W6 @3 C: ~4 W. b
Honoring the Dead. ?% s4 I/ u0 K8 X
43. Political mourning
# Q7 ~6 a( h) O9 i2 j 44. Mock funerals3 f9 z8 c6 ]6 E; [
45. Demonstrative funerals
+ k' y- `" Q" A+ B' N* ~) s; f7 y 46. Homage at burial places4 R! d+ r1 S( d9 e: C5 t
5 j( O2 q# A, S0 A, h4 U3 zPublic Assemblies7 X( {" x f# u! A
47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 J1 y4 n" V, ]# V2 O& g 48. Protest meetings
, A, N- r3 |" j+ P! ~ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- s5 P; d8 [) o/ ?# v* y 50. Teach-ins
! l7 x$ b& m: [- _8 v% J6 r' H" q% m f1 s6 F: q; b, u- k
Withdrawal and Renunciation
' Q2 \& y' ~" U( j 51. Walk-outs
/ v0 i! d, ], r E. U 52. Silence
* G q M( u% }' k. V# d 53. Renouncing honors0 g# i! I# o* s' ?/ E# o
54. Turning one’s back
( |5 V+ K2 ` R \( _. j: ]: Q# \# B s% t# q7 N
" y* Y- j9 Z( h7 v8 {8 D, k& \5 K) }! s8 ~2 a* ~
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& G8 W6 o0 G& \, g: P
8 ~- Z2 S3 W& X
+ R' h) L! ]/ V1 F0 B1 m+ l6 H6 H3 ^$ q
Ostracism of Persons
5 o B5 I2 r4 @2 k 55. Social boycott
, Z, e6 }$ N$ m8 Z! d. L 56. Selective social boycott
" C& n$ {5 Q8 r2 b3 M b) A 57. Lysistratic nonaction
( g6 M5 h. ^* \# J2 m. k 58. Excommunication% g/ B$ S. N4 W
59. Interdict
$ T" M, L9 D" m9 P ?8 Z
8 h7 j& y2 a9 O; K3 m: q# H9 KNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions' b3 e8 I* g d# f* D* T; _. P
60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ f$ y) s% w" T* M2 z, w4 q
61. Boycott of social affairs
4 j+ C/ h1 C8 V. z 62. Student strike
$ W% Q3 |: k+ V+ t$ ]2 w0 F( u3 X 63. Social disobedience
" [# U( J( P$ f7 |/ @1 t 64. Withdrawal from social institutions* H1 _* \( C/ H5 c
[# F( |. c, C
Withdrawal from the Social System: G) _0 ]" U- @9 L& K: d' H
65. Stay-at-home! V3 F: d' {1 J9 S& a
66. Total personal noncooperation4 }: V! Y9 R# A7 K3 V5 ~) r2 f
67. “Flight” of workers
7 O; j/ T! V* o+ H2 o 68. Sanctuary# i6 G* H2 l) v
69. Collective disappearance
' E$ H7 V# s) r' n, y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)* ]0 ?' {* k0 q
$ I6 U; d* u& r; R3 L. ]' N: V
' L; H; R$ U& r0 Q" U
9 l: ~8 \2 M+ Q4 T6 ?: {3 n( v
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( R4 ` j2 V h8 _+ |9 i6 _! j
% }, ~4 n9 d5 n8 s! g$ u0 {- V
' b6 M3 L8 a9 d3 Z' L( v6 uActions by Consumers* G. |6 C" q5 T9 Y7 J8 y$ b5 h, z
71. Consumers’ boycott
3 D4 B! G; h; P( t+ K b/ O. \3 j6 { 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 I8 G- b8 Q1 E% F4 z" E1 B/ F) L 73. Policy of austerity: ~2 f& q ?3 \: H6 ]* A
74. Rent withholding
8 V8 ^! o- t. f4 B 75. Refusal to rent0 }) K. o; k# Z& ~
76. National consumers’ boycott/ p# R* e, h( K, ]# ^# A
77. International consumers’ boycott5 ^% n. i, ^2 l3 a
5 f# x$ G# S1 ^' tAction by Workers and Producers
( o7 G: A$ _5 Q/ }6 b- ~! `& u# Q* g 78. Workmen’s boycott4 s. b6 ]; z. q3 y4 {- s
79. Producers’ boycott8 r' g* N' [; a0 X+ t H& g
$ {9 p4 \" j. j
Action by Middlemen n! I1 ?& e! [* t2 ^6 R' F
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; d$ l% J9 F6 E: D. ?
V$ w. m" |- BAction by Owners and Management3 Q- s5 P; ?% ]( K x" G$ A) o
81. Traders’ boycott+ z3 V6 r7 Y1 r( R- _
82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ b* k- B! B. \% S" N1 { 83. Lockout
7 x4 ~- Z$ L$ s 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( q) v& W {4 F' H5 L 85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ `: o7 H$ ~: T; [8 `
( `/ @. a3 w( NAction by Holders of Financial Resources
4 s- b2 k `. }3 s 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 U$ z. V) x+ v% }' K) ?, v* L1 j
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 F2 ?: D- q7 Z, }
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 H3 S2 o/ f) Y$ i3 T; I+ e% L 89. Severance of funds and credit! W6 J% J6 X2 A2 ]2 l
90. Revenue refusal, F+ Q" |& z* o' q
91. Refusal of a government’s money9 S, G# k. I( h7 P( M; T' i. T
; r$ ^! z* x k3 F7 v$ T
Action by Governments
r1 M$ t" T- z: J4 h4 C 92. Domestic embargo; y" W2 h0 W8 ?- T) |
93. Blacklisting of traders& k. Z- |6 `$ ?4 G/ j1 |
94. International sellers’ embargo
0 Z' I7 W$ ~, I: J$ m, Q9 K, } 95. International buyers’ embargo; A$ O+ ^6 J ]' u6 Z% L3 ~
96. International trade embargo
. ?6 B8 m8 D% b$ D4 X* X/ R& M \5 @2 c6 W: X
0 J( L. j5 g H( w9 ~2 t. Q% e, u7 k+ M {, w
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
% L/ x1 X# a) {, { l* x- X8 Y1 b
- e& E5 j4 N6 Q* h2 @: `" M3 {
% n, U( s8 ^/ N5 H# M, jSymbolic Strikes7 B8 J1 i! L; S: @+ n
97. Protest strike
3 Q1 o8 [( U+ O$ B$ Y( D 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 W! F; C9 S; R$ j5 E, i
- y4 T2 S) W; f2 z9 z- l' ~7 U! S
Agricultural Strikes. u3 X# M6 `* t* V( J- O) ^
99. Peasant strike9 p4 @9 P1 t: f( d
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 D6 q/ c1 I# K, {4 L1 X2 K c
5 j& J3 P- }( c r: n
Strikes by Special Groups6 v7 ~' k/ E2 v% l- {
101. Refusal of impressed labor. l$ z9 y3 i$ s8 Z2 z8 Z3 K& j
102. Prisoners’ strike/ j% N, s' v' ?( ~) W6 D: }% m
103. Craft strike
& v0 F& u5 H" p0 [0 ` 104. Professional strike4 f. \" L8 j2 ^% V/ u
/ V. w4 O% Z+ L3 D( @Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 n0 a X8 G" x8 q, S# q 105. Establishment strike
: t, \; F6 `2 o4 R4 d! l3 C 106. Industry strike
/ @( [" M$ N. N e 107. Sympathetic strike! @: I K- h" ^# ?8 K4 g3 n6 Y! E4 x
- h9 ]2 H( S" G
Restricted Strikes
( S1 a, {; l" e$ g8 I 108. Detailed strike
9 ?4 {3 n4 L* S: @ ~2 z 109. Bumper strike
! Z& K* [) g. y. ~- S 110. Slowdown strike
. Q7 z$ ~' w( r 111. Working-to-rule strike7 Z( E: u! d; g# w! ?4 H0 g
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
( ^7 V/ A2 T3 L B% ^ 113. Strike by resignation. a: \& W0 e N# W; x, i
114. Limited strike3 D* s1 ^3 i& a+ f8 w, D
115. Selective strike8 G. h2 T! d9 i3 q
- e: r! j! ^1 y
Multi-Industry Strikes
+ U- T5 z! D* ]( o; l/ b b5 \/ J2 T' D% l; B+ O3 W% `- c7 N% \
116. Generalized strike7 G3 d$ X( {% K# F# E F, s
) c# U8 c2 y& ~0 m5 ~, b( I( i
117. General strike. l( w- y; r8 T* r
6 ^ ~ [: i9 q5 x+ vCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
' Q% U1 w+ b7 h1 Z' X- C! S# K
# l$ a& _" ~6 ~$ q, W; u; [ 118. Hartal) ^' d% q5 e9 [& ~
3 M% ~, Z- w6 _; [8 M 119. Economic shutdown
. C8 M/ C0 e1 V" M5 G& c9 F, L0 y( w3 Z0 u% j# Q* U+ q
% f; b4 A; h4 |4 i4 ?4 E
& L; E4 p1 _) ^+ f0 E; W1 ^THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
1 N ^' g# n: H6 i& H& m, ]7 G9 Z V: x
" r0 K5 E# f i: _- ^4 r7 U! {
Rejection of Authority% i: S' m+ ?# c+ i F
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 f! i1 O& u, {1 Q) f( w0 D! s
121. Refusal of public support$ Z# P+ {+ n0 I; K" {
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 p7 d0 j2 b \6 j9 @2 k5 z0 h7 B3 g; ^
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government% a, w) j% k! z# ?9 q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 j. R3 k" B7 D. V& z! b- R
124. Boycott of elections
3 x! ]$ m; F& b5 S: j 125. Boycott of government employment and positions, Z" {: H6 R# F% X5 Z: w# ^
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
7 R6 A# v' ]7 V; ~4 e 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& I: V( Q* Y8 T/ j 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 w w3 e8 X P3 I! a 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) Y; U' K( F" ^0 N
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; ?; n0 }- s% @% j+ W
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
! X1 w3 \# h7 I 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ T0 H3 Z: c7 \9 K' N2 v& i# e
6 d; c5 f( l z
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ t- _- }, ~9 u) X8 V( A) l 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
! I6 u- K& }$ _, }: t 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* X: y( p A' m$ L 135. Popular nonobedience
; s% _- h8 k5 q. E; d. p 136. Disguised disobedience$ S+ i3 W3 [; M& P) A
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse. v0 R: a" y! M& {6 `+ q- ~3 ^4 b
138. Sitdown
" D5 u Z9 }0 Z2 @1 `1 t' E* `: e8 z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: D/ y# G0 d/ @2 f
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, G \3 S+ k9 g" M
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: ]" Z3 W( X0 k5 @' Y+ l
: E' P l2 [9 @; a6 m! NAction by Government Personnel
6 X0 V5 l/ P( o" U2 b: u0 y& e 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- E- T6 Z# r+ r. P @) F
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
/ E7 n1 `8 p$ w* [ 144. Stalling and obstruction6 Q* W* M( K& X! d
145. General administrative noncooperation& F' {5 Z- I6 m9 ^: O
' Y/ G- I/ f" t1 x) @ 146. Judicial noncooperation: R: w2 ^4 s. _+ ~" K5 B9 ^
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents1 r# F. R2 `. k; z( ]4 N& K& G
148. Mutiny
& u! Z8 k3 e* k- k8 V" yDomestic Governmental Action5 o$ S. Y! Y* _. V: Q$ H
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 ]" _- n0 o* [ P 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 L; ]3 V- I7 T6 o1 [
5 f& h- ^( p( n* r6 w3 {4 H# @
International Governmental Action+ } ?2 ~3 H, m0 V
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations K) J" [- b+ _ V. I
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! ^% L6 t$ Z! h5 S7 u! g$ U3 t 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 z0 o `2 j6 V7 L" l+ I5 Y5 G
154. Severance of diplomatic relations: |$ @& H9 D4 y, X6 L
155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ u. n- r8 a) C4 N9 d$ K' w, P
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ [/ q5 K+ K6 A
157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 t. K8 ?- m" U1 P0 z; B
8 R& n2 | ]6 j, a
* h4 s2 d- g$ s7 i# R4 h1 H: ^& ]0 r
( d: p2 U. s7 l- w, ~# a _THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
, \0 l# \4 [' c/ @- J. ]& s
8 u- ^& g4 ?6 N3 A9 m( P: H
1 s7 M$ `+ Q9 G/ _! ePsychological Intervention
2 E' q+ }" @$ a. _: w 158. Self-exposure to the elements s# ~- E/ S! Z% }6 _8 A0 R
159. The fast
: O- s9 Q3 N- l4 @5 \: W7 D9 d a) Fast of moral pressure w1 Y6 b, I4 M: Q) }0 ]+ r% P. ^
b) Hunger strike. Q1 P ]+ l3 l0 e& m
c) Satyagrahic fast
2 K# L* l" m# |! L" U9 J 160. Reverse trial$ `; z# ~3 L& b2 [) H, f: n/ K) }
161. Nonviolent harassment
; B+ j% l/ E" o7 ]: j: S$ w8 {. |6 D8 ^. B5 g# @* Z$ O
Physical Intervention
6 {/ l6 i+ y8 m! ]/ o( Z. ^ 162. Sit-in7 J! l2 e2 l. [
163. Stand-in) s7 t" e+ `( X7 v1 O
164. Ride-in
& U* w a' f4 d9 f7 j# q) r 165. Wade-in
7 g( T. T8 O, b7 L1 y8 V& Q' |/ _8 j 166. Mill-in
0 |0 C2 i$ j* {- H$ h1 ^ 167. Pray-in
, T1 F1 S' s( n 168. Nonviolent raids2 e& h4 n, r2 O% }! x9 [% b' p0 `; W
169. Nonviolent air raids3 X0 ~5 k$ T6 o/ S8 `, a
170. Nonviolent invasion
2 a6 e2 d8 ^4 J8 } W 171. Nonviolent interjection
H( ~- j+ ~1 e6 b0 L# Z4 O 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! N0 T0 p, X& i' X7 w 173. Nonviolent occupation
- n" T+ a$ v6 z% g( r( p7 k2 _" N4 _1 ^2 T9 L5 }# E4 O0 `4 Q& I
Social Intervention
! p+ M% i f1 q l7 S$ M% r- M 174. Establishing new social patterns
, V$ U% H# _5 x* b* A; A+ ~9 H5 i 175. Overloading of facilities% z2 J. o+ z1 n8 f" H
176. Stall-in6 L* {9 Y/ M; k% Q
177. Speak-in
3 W g4 _- ]6 O: F4 K; w% m3 m 178. Guerrilla theater9 v- g, f( f9 q: J
179. Alternative social institutions
2 c! z8 i* E1 z7 a" V 180. Alternative communication system
+ I# P: r. o) b! g% L# G5 P* S" _) A8 v* W6 a9 h% J8 G
Economic Intervention
% D% A0 T7 Y$ C9 P" L4 B 181. Reverse strike
0 |8 D: G! v# ?7 J 182. Stay-in strike! f, C& ?$ \% H b C) p
183. Nonviolent land seizure
' ^6 w5 z% o" R 184. Defiance of blockades
4 _! y0 ^/ Q# x, P" Z0 f [3 u 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" O8 R6 ]. R/ V. z9 H: a 186. Preclusive purchasing
& A9 Z( j6 q9 f 187. Seizure of assets
$ M5 X, X7 K/ ]4 H$ g! }* Q 188. Dumping
b `2 {( n* g 189. Selective patronage# n' n, w& x% j8 d) w$ y
190. Alternative markets
2 \5 [" Q- @5 R+ f: h8 E 191. Alternative transportation systems
) S2 U0 k9 a. v* N! d6 G0 y 192. Alternative economic institutions
( Z2 ]' S1 e5 X, }8 M" j2 D( w1 J' Q
Political Intervention; r$ y% M$ R( s* o7 R: d
193. Overloading of administrative systems
) j+ ]5 D' G5 D6 [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents& d# o! f/ x1 h
195. Seeking imprisonment0 D8 R$ L5 c# U
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; o+ d0 g- x* w+ r
197. Work-on without collaboration& A6 E! ], k- T- g
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
8 r" V+ n& z" x5 T. j' l ^9 }* @( @$ A v
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
