 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. [1 ?7 `6 C7 U, o5 oFormal Statements
) U$ t4 p/ s1 R r3 k 1. Public Speeches5 S- u+ p. ^7 W1 |" ?
2. Letters of opposition or support
6 q3 ]4 n* d/ s u# L 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
) n# K- x9 c6 I+ O% U+ U" p 4. Signed public statements/ F$ T- A! s8 Z+ C
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
0 w" p+ S; u7 ?# r 6. Group or mass petitions
5 e; D$ C: Z. y( B* L, X2 |. w0 U. I$ | \, @1 b9 c
Communications with a Wider Audience
' L! z9 }3 l+ o! Q: z$ ^4 M; U 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) T8 Q5 Y, g2 _% F
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; D( }( G, |( t5 h 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books: A: ~+ q% X+ m& f" H$ h0 `
10. Newspapers and journals
( W( A$ b( |1 w' s+ X- x 11. Records, radio, and television$ n( }, c. I5 }
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ r& o# L* Y* T4 [$ x/ \: x
3 w6 K# c: J" M6 B/ uGroup Representations7 g% B+ E( w- q4 P' z# C
13. Deputations" R7 W' }+ \ r' m6 u9 Y
14. Mock awards" A' d. s' ^- ~% T6 I. Y3 N
15. Group lobbying
4 d4 ]" X3 s9 `3 X% n1 y 16. Picketing
" J+ o8 n$ G3 M/ ^# G9 h2 a 17. Mock elections
# u9 f2 y' L) T, O3 p( S# N
1 {0 b% ` b$ l! C( K" V0 XSymbolic Public Acts9 p% y2 A9 @' j
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
( L* b9 s0 X& G6 v 19. Wearing of symbols7 }; U, n9 Q. z9 T3 p0 R' X
20. Prayer and worship
& g, h* s) h! \# E1 z& C$ I+ x5 h 21. Delivering symbolic objects) P% P; ~( X) E
22. Protest disrobings6 s/ o& I0 J4 W% V3 N2 W ^3 u0 P9 n
23. Destruction of own property$ x; H! q) v) ~
24. Symbolic lights
3 e( K+ [0 B0 _ 25. Displays of portraits' f8 ~0 q" R) @0 \
26. Paint as protest) b2 X, r/ w$ k$ {& K
27. New signs and names
' z0 E4 w+ t& [% K3 J9 Z: Y8 y 28. Symbolic sounds
7 W- W* d M7 j" l9 M 29. Symbolic reclamations
" z, {& S- l- E& m5 Q$ K, D 30. Rude gestures- V( n, ~3 }$ e2 D' H: U9 V
* X4 Z8 [& z; h1 D
Pressures on Individuals
2 u; y: ?2 Q; i# y* L 31. “Haunting” officials
7 L, t! I' `' U% m! N 32. Taunting officials
5 g$ W6 O& M6 C' a" c 33. Fraternization
! y$ w6 \; r5 n0 _# r 34. Vigils
' b2 s+ y. l" I* n( x; @% `6 X7 e* @1 o0 z4 o
Drama and Music
3 b9 m2 `* ^. _, ? 35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 g: d4 P( R& h% p. d9 y% X 36. Performances of plays and music/ q# D8 x Z7 H0 K, b
37. Singing
+ t% [5 I4 x" w4 y* L: S" p4 v* \" I' J+ I& c/ |
Processions
4 y1 N3 u) e, s) C 38. Marches, a2 M7 j. u' S+ [
39. Parades
3 _' e' p! [1 r" S/ E+ m$ e' h 40. Religious processions+ n: h4 e. m3 p+ Y- j8 O% o
41. Pilgrimages& g$ J. j+ N \ n
42. Motorcades
% g# t' m8 d7 p" O0 S3 Z7 ]; G8 B6 R; o4 w
Honoring the Dead8 L" h5 u# s. N2 m
43. Political mourning5 f" M2 I# M, m: d! }# A( a
44. Mock funerals
1 q( j/ J, i: ?1 ^2 w 45. Demonstrative funerals& a, @, n# x# W _* `1 @! r
46. Homage at burial places
, X9 {! N% ?" M/ d( V: I2 h, }% g
8 X) `9 Q1 K) I. F0 S9 Y4 t- tPublic Assemblies: R1 q8 t2 ~% ?1 y" ~; g( {
47. Assemblies of protest or support6 ~" i c. v" }# N( t) G" L2 n
48. Protest meetings& [+ R- t$ K6 d- i5 @
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 J% [/ A8 h) p 50. Teach-ins8 L' t+ ~ y5 ~
7 I% d% E8 m; C7 s7 o
Withdrawal and Renunciation) S. _ {. [+ J8 D
51. Walk-outs
1 A7 J) l: @5 b+ ~9 T' {8 V 52. Silence
" }3 f5 s& a3 I8 ]1 A2 d8 L/ ~ 53. Renouncing honors; Q9 h5 I: p+ v6 J8 N" e% X
54. Turning one’s back
- A, U. n) o% A b5 n& F4 h2 c$ p% }( E. H& m3 f r
; c y4 T* y" Y! M' A- z
8 _% ^) T( C$ o; Z% a
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
5 p: c: w" j! f8 Y7 Q" j/ [
! L) Y6 y8 [% ]6 T
( J7 D2 Z! F' U
! p* K4 T5 B$ \" M0 ]Ostracism of Persons
6 ^# J0 b1 ? ^' r1 R3 ]1 \. ] 55. Social boycott8 Z' d+ u8 r( `+ W( |: g3 e/ V
56. Selective social boycott2 F, l' ^5 \7 i+ P
57. Lysistratic nonaction( {; g+ U; o: Z' O8 c/ Z# P
58. Excommunication1 V$ n) [( {- t1 G r7 [8 o
59. Interdict1 g M+ f* E) J0 [1 G
( u& p" {! W$ aNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- h, H: r( r4 Z1 s5 K m z8 \ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities( B$ D5 ]5 ?# \, P) F( `& B
61. Boycott of social affairs$ T1 F& b$ Q2 N5 o, {
62. Student strike
* U! a5 ?0 l4 i O+ | 63. Social disobedience- b+ F9 L1 F- j; ]! D* X; c
64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 o- w4 N: [# [- e* V* i: q
2 i, i2 x" g7 \& q* p) b$ _- q
Withdrawal from the Social System9 G: Y* K7 b, p
65. Stay-at-home, t( {1 x8 L0 G0 S+ k' \
66. Total personal noncooperation/ A0 m2 [+ @ ], m+ O% _0 B7 H9 G: \. M1 c
67. “Flight” of workers
; \* A8 L$ D# o6 c- K 68. Sanctuary
- X$ I# M# j4 h& y9 @ 69. Collective disappearance7 T3 w2 \$ N U) X' M$ F
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
2 M. a3 w2 S2 W. X! u) x1 s
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6 V& F" B4 F5 @3 BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS, j0 G7 j4 {' I& m0 ]) G1 c
5 {* Q. U6 W6 a. U7 N# T/ e0 { # y$ V& {' G l# y v4 g6 j7 N
Actions by Consumers+ S5 v; ?9 X7 y# Q0 M2 q/ e" p
71. Consumers’ boycott1 z |) u7 N$ {/ S
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; B% g3 X+ O6 @( X8 j) _2 }! o
73. Policy of austerity3 L# i8 @* o* l1 D
74. Rent withholding
+ h8 H0 v- Z1 n. h 75. Refusal to rent1 W$ Z3 @4 A9 |' w- V
76. National consumers’ boycott
" N! T4 f6 B2 Q 77. International consumers’ boycott/ x7 y- B. S1 t: N2 w( C4 c; c4 s
: R- K! A6 D g; x( i
Action by Workers and Producers
3 t* e6 i8 F+ Z 78. Workmen’s boycott. l$ }, f/ @* y7 N& g0 t! D
79. Producers’ boycott
+ F6 ?- o9 q% V( r B& m3 X% @3 B0 Y) L6 }; e6 |( c3 \2 O
Action by Middlemen
* O9 K- D) U, A' C$ {$ y 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% ?! @+ [3 S! m. \6 X
$ @1 u8 T& a( Q# ]Action by Owners and Management
! M8 b$ u& f* Z! d0 m 81. Traders’ boycott7 H" n, {; F, D2 F- z
82. Refusal to let or sell property
$ E9 N# x$ I C; `7 ^# p5 y' h: I3 h 83. Lockout% E; t( e& B7 X0 _
84. Refusal of industrial assistance) d3 w, k0 i% i' S8 |# P
85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ E1 A# h4 t3 P4 o9 s4 {
. h: _$ [ d! ?- o- \( `9 oAction by Holders of Financial Resources; |. y5 V k, X: D. K
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) K# L) ?9 o* O: i# C
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- V0 |0 B: ?' h
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 T+ ~% U# v! [: y1 Y) T- [! k 89. Severance of funds and credit
9 ?" _9 j" I0 z4 o4 d' M9 i* }: g* H8 r 90. Revenue refusal
4 F5 i6 c* M$ k. y5 Q$ w6 {/ M2 v& ]/ t 91. Refusal of a government’s money
' @3 S4 B9 u. e+ n& o0 t$ P# L
( o8 I8 ^7 S8 v) x% [, @; XAction by Governments' k& z. ]& Q0 K3 f8 |- D
92. Domestic embargo
( o- F C0 u5 ? ]; l* V5 g4 x0 x 93. Blacklisting of traders
2 O! L) d0 V) w V0 e, d 94. International sellers’ embargo
& e6 m( i2 p, _3 w! I 95. International buyers’ embargo2 s" p C; F. T& C0 j2 Q+ L
96. International trade embargo
2 h. o1 }$ g5 }+ q
6 j( N8 u# n* K' P 7 j" W5 l3 T! \: T
7 R& O) P9 C) H1 g1 @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
+ L/ `3 U/ r, m& L3 }5 P$ U$ n0 f0 S8 k! e0 H, ^) C* ~0 K
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Symbolic Strikes
! z: C: f& p) }6 E9 v3 T8 m 97. Protest strike
$ h7 N; P. n" q- I( q 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 d/ J" w2 @0 D) ^- K, g5 `6 [& A" c
% Y5 h2 D) N. v; FAgricultural Strikes
( z+ q+ E* w3 m# x2 z1 J 99. Peasant strike" E& K' i) |( Y1 p4 t1 p
100. Farm Workers’ strike
7 m0 a% O/ c& ]/ w3 K
& y) o4 y5 Y0 f2 RStrikes by Special Groups
6 L% c* S# f# }4 y0 ~0 i% P 101. Refusal of impressed labor7 k+ h8 [. L0 r- Y# E2 B* \1 @
102. Prisoners’ strike
& k% g+ y& q3 V4 Z$ Q1 O$ g* ^) t# R 103. Craft strike
9 Z2 z: a( k- i6 B1 e9 _ 104. Professional strike
+ D% L/ h$ O% r9 w+ T7 t1 b* S
+ p9 q/ N8 U6 P6 y% @Ordinary Industrial Strikes
1 L# \2 x# {" I+ i0 k/ `+ ^ 105. Establishment strike
7 O" R# l0 y f4 P5 C* x% N$ d6 ] 106. Industry strike
; [3 }$ ?" m) X* W 107. Sympathetic strike
$ k/ T4 I$ e8 E7 M, G8 U- ?
0 X; h/ ^6 j9 X+ ?: URestricted Strikes
% u( E4 s' N: P+ c% q! c 108. Detailed strike1 G; `4 c# b/ ?- Z5 _
109. Bumper strike
9 M8 z/ _. u, {' L) g 110. Slowdown strike
0 v' f2 {2 j' b! S* |6 B 111. Working-to-rule strike1 g, G0 C8 s( m I
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! G1 w+ `4 ~7 M% p
113. Strike by resignation$ r. V' s; r6 a) B
114. Limited strike& H1 e* x( Z& o u, k3 P4 [- v* e
115. Selective strike
2 e5 v$ X6 M8 W- {! g
' j3 z4 }; O+ n9 `( \: r3 f$ \Multi-Industry Strikes
2 t/ n D5 y9 n) x! P
) r$ [- N" l. |5 H. O0 h& b! Y3 ]) e 116. Generalized strike) Z2 G* R8 K; j9 h5 G% a5 G
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117. General strike% c2 i( s0 w! V% H4 X8 K; H! _
* x: x. u! X2 h- eCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 A8 y. L% E$ X3 U* y
m9 _" t) F3 v" r: @: N$ ?0 A 118. Hartal3 x9 }; p3 G' ?# B, {
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119. Economic shutdown: |" w, |. ^! E. {
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! v$ W) ^9 s, ^; E& _0 O: `; b6 eTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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$ H9 ]' u: d/ t2 Y: f1 s o1 Z . W' s, d% l+ v( v1 k' u' X. ?, X
Rejection of Authority
6 R1 g: U6 q0 R' B 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 @7 ?% \! q' G w; ]" T2 }( H, t
121. Refusal of public support( Z* J3 q7 h. w3 K+ g K
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
! g0 g6 i2 A: _. M( D- q& h, a
* f: ~1 O! W8 k% [/ D0 f2 MCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government. _! z! Z% t. ~( B- {
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
j" Z$ w0 E0 l8 c 124. Boycott of elections
9 Q/ Y% L% r! k: q, K- m! c; K 125. Boycott of government employment and positions- f3 M, O' H" n' ^( u/ S" Y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 M, C2 B- v6 m* ~0 ^2 U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions x$ }; J/ G: v2 m" Y( d8 h
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ f) ]6 b) u2 t- u( U
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents- I4 m: S6 d& S+ D7 R
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 C& E1 y3 P1 l 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. r. C; F9 a4 t# ]% k4 A" e, M
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ a; j0 ]. Q: z9 ~, C2 t
7 i: ]! w4 M( k7 v% b% T' s
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 d% O. A5 _$ }& g" Z- Y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ f @6 @6 V+ M
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! A% O% g( t3 i- t* s1 n
135. Popular nonobedience
8 F9 F. [2 L; q7 k4 | 136. Disguised disobedience
+ i$ |; x2 W# |4 v% `' C2 [0 a, [ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ u9 F2 D- ~# n0 G 138. Sitdown
/ J9 C! X6 v u0 _7 m) m 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 X" }0 o) U" U" U! K 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 q4 c) f. e8 u8 z O' x 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% m3 c; c+ z9 [1 e P& f
( u. u( X+ L5 h9 ?* UAction by Government Personnel
* H- z+ h/ H+ ], C 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- B* Y( P) y6 W
143. Blocking of lines of command and information& F! q9 _0 B" s N4 l
144. Stalling and obstruction
* f' v. R) h' ?% C; D/ E( P: `/ J0 { 145. General administrative noncooperation
q, U9 O1 ~! Y( L* n- `
7 r. m& ]4 w6 f3 s9 |/ n 146. Judicial noncooperation0 Q9 ]0 l8 |& S* m
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% P* B3 [1 p& Z* b4 d 148. Mutiny+ t |4 X2 w# l ^2 F
Domestic Governmental Action
' U2 _% }5 f8 [3 u! |) C# U/ ^ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ u" G$ b) M/ g& r8 Z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: g$ m( A; j1 ~& C x& C2 B- m9 P4 n& x$ y( r
International Governmental Action
1 A k4 E9 m" p7 P& z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 [) H: b6 W9 t' i
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 D6 d9 Q7 k7 l
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
G! u: \" [9 D5 L, s 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' B8 O( T5 ?# S$ w( C) B: Q! @- s 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 y5 U. X) v" N/ p5 o 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; O; V1 @6 m% ^- @+ ]) g 157. Expulsion from international organizations
! S7 C/ W; w; f7 ~/ Z+ t0 u
2 P3 a1 R$ O7 `( E) h
% J- n2 ^* ?, e0 Y" F& S* y2 }! J3 e" K: ~7 b! L
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION" L0 [! i2 s! x; r
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8 e. ~" l6 B2 f& x: S& W
Psychological Intervention: n& f0 z& H" t. P, b0 p- D
158. Self-exposure to the elements
& Y6 }) y+ T8 Q7 |- H 159. The fast/ N a7 N5 T! }
a) Fast of moral pressure
3 _% V" Z9 m! n, K5 M9 q# U b) Hunger strike
7 m8 Z' g9 C! B# P. \/ S c) Satyagrahic fast
$ r* l+ C! m- T( i w1 V& _3 q 160. Reverse trial
1 A0 L% P/ I5 c0 ]7 Y7 I) s9 D1 U: K4 M Y 161. Nonviolent harassment( [' \! m- s k3 O0 Z7 A+ t
% Q9 E7 V' d. y: B! ?% u9 p3 ePhysical Intervention6 N/ n$ f+ ^2 R5 G: F& ^1 F
162. Sit-in
1 X5 }% S0 |* N- R0 [) N& y x 163. Stand-in" y; v. \% _3 a7 c' R
164. Ride-in# U$ D8 J, Y+ |5 i5 t q' x
165. Wade-in
- N. w( Y; [- z- R* a! W( U' I 166. Mill-in+ ?- s& L5 H' y( M( @- h
167. Pray-in
1 ]% `- X1 b8 g( G8 l) `, i/ q9 B 168. Nonviolent raids
+ h0 X, m# B% L, C. \1 U! a# h) h 169. Nonviolent air raids% \$ H! ]+ I* V1 d. L( M0 G
170. Nonviolent invasion4 P; K5 ]9 y* _; R) V3 I" J
171. Nonviolent interjection e% h8 V% a, d
172. Nonviolent obstruction
% x6 R! T. k/ l& r 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention" M7 |' R0 [# D4 ^6 Y4 d
174. Establishing new social patterns- K! r( `8 E1 A" U0 o+ B; y
175. Overloading of facilities& N9 A5 h5 Q4 ]/ Q- C
176. Stall-in
( X+ V0 u8 b* Z! ?& o- n. l 177. Speak-in
* N6 B/ a! o9 o7 N9 R 178. Guerrilla theater
/ P% `! M, Y H6 \! R! ~: v 179. Alternative social institutions. a0 \. B; }' T4 Y# o
180. Alternative communication system. w4 E' ?4 _3 @, x
/ \$ `5 q \4 L- L" R
Economic Intervention* w& W; e" I+ E! B) [$ q
181. Reverse strike0 {, u6 u f- D! i; J
182. Stay-in strike4 ?+ l/ f( ~9 K2 f2 N
183. Nonviolent land seizure
4 X* Z/ S. i5 B" z0 N+ T" L 184. Defiance of blockades/ o B4 ]) Z7 f/ d: M9 l
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: {7 ~/ i8 r, a
186. Preclusive purchasing
; a" ?& f6 p, I. A! _. F( V 187. Seizure of assets
% T7 M; \. t0 M 188. Dumping; w& o5 G4 @' `2 k) K" p; C# @$ i) a
189. Selective patronage
8 P, i4 ~7 k1 s3 i! y& v/ W; o 190. Alternative markets' r; O5 R1 r: x# q) U' w
191. Alternative transportation systems& j' X. J3 g1 [' k* b/ B
192. Alternative economic institutions
a, ~3 _ |& J& h3 r5 k. d Q
8 }! Z; g2 j! I/ {9 ] XPolitical Intervention, [7 M& [; w+ @# X
193. Overloading of administrative systems, v* L9 {' J) v) n) s/ } P# S
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents& ?4 n9 m* n4 p* s
195. Seeking imprisonment6 E8 a7 ~: T8 s4 E. B% o" s
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# W& v! ^1 u( A. B
197. Work-on without collaboration
5 t% ]5 O( H) I9 ~* Z 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government9 a' G( u. ^( l+ w
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
