 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* ?5 S( @6 p/ ]; v+ T7 I* ~Formal Statements0 E& ]9 \% i4 p" ?
1. Public Speeches
, i! x1 B1 U+ N, v% \8 p 2. Letters of opposition or support% F0 a j5 H2 z6 h/ f9 w, {
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions& r* Q6 E- `7 B7 N3 w2 O# L
4. Signed public statements
7 m: [! v) L5 s, h& [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 B. X! v' O$ O5 ~# X) X0 p 6. Group or mass petitions
. ~4 e. F3 L5 |7 s4 Q% [3 f, k8 h5 {9 Q$ |
Communications with a Wider Audience
' X% v8 g' F5 [% W# v- | 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* n% f3 x8 V5 `; h% ~
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: D# a+ s8 E* `1 O& M" V 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; l. w# x! }$ S( X, A: H i6 y
10. Newspapers and journals! y8 y7 }; ]0 |/ @# }
11. Records, radio, and television
. ~ T1 h3 R6 E" z/ x8 x9 V 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& Y, P3 d/ L8 B8 V
" ^0 s. O% T5 z5 E6 \" OGroup Representations Q' X) G1 M$ R
13. Deputations/ e+ B: T6 R& U
14. Mock awards
4 m( V; G: Z/ X* J8 l* V/ Y 15. Group lobbying# X4 {1 K/ ? h
16. Picketing
+ d( C+ O; ?% X* T4 i2 Y 17. Mock elections
9 M# W: y% M" I4 [0 e9 B' o) a' |# S6 N: p: j6 Y
Symbolic Public Acts6 m7 Q6 e5 w: N. g6 A
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 d! |4 J9 R" O' @$ A7 ~
19. Wearing of symbols
* }! z( P; o! A% o& g 20. Prayer and worship) O/ S" U6 b4 ^: a$ I
21. Delivering symbolic objects1 w; I& I! T+ g9 e$ R4 y
22. Protest disrobings3 @. q! @. Z6 |* E! E& ?% |
23. Destruction of own property
" z W5 A6 ~1 | 24. Symbolic lights
$ n( F. _$ \$ V; i8 O m2 Y7 q6 C 25. Displays of portraits% a! @1 v8 K: h, L" A8 X" J! B
26. Paint as protest
* l1 P$ w# R' R. S8 l 27. New signs and names
+ k. t8 g" J% K' o! y0 N& M$ d* ~3 J 28. Symbolic sounds/ f1 Y) l j2 _5 F& \
29. Symbolic reclamations
- r. D7 h. p7 G' Q. A 30. Rude gestures% v8 x+ k4 x. B, `1 }- F
/ h6 ~$ u/ F; G4 Z9 b% X7 C, `
Pressures on Individuals6 |* p" t4 m& {7 b& ^
31. “Haunting” officials: F. `( U6 w+ H7 @# F
32. Taunting officials" y1 s3 n& }3 u) b; J
33. Fraternization
: O/ p/ X4 S8 k 34. Vigils0 H2 o# w0 u/ F5 V+ T5 b
, q( k: c! p7 z' P. c9 Q
Drama and Music+ h2 o: F9 g9 `6 ~
35. Humorous skits and pranks' Q5 U, V7 ~* i9 D( w6 o
36. Performances of plays and music
% {9 |* K' b6 p* K1 F3 I 37. Singing( @" U$ {3 r* @% S) M k, y5 z
; f i; `. J7 p4 G+ ~/ |8 oProcessions
) q% L6 p: p9 c& y9 a 38. Marches
1 a! k$ h0 x3 a L' J 39. Parades
0 P Z# V/ E1 i4 K Z! W 40. Religious processions
: Q" H% ]7 t; Q% D5 C 41. Pilgrimages
0 o' s9 b% A% B, C( f7 G 42. Motorcades
5 j! x& [4 b* x7 R0 D; @
+ L, R1 N" X& C' _; t! dHonoring the Dead
+ m9 u2 P+ n8 Q, i t: n1 r5 p 43. Political mourning
% O6 r! M$ Q! l" t7 P/ a( h 44. Mock funerals
7 a# y5 L. O* W# {* e 45. Demonstrative funerals
1 y1 P% z3 O4 i 46. Homage at burial places2 j$ b0 ]' }& c* Z
1 A4 v" ]5 i% Q3 lPublic Assemblies
4 `& B* d. l a 47. Assemblies of protest or support! m+ J9 A5 ^* D! c
48. Protest meetings2 l$ z5 c( P8 e4 r
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! X) Z3 Y% R: r' h$ ^+ l" F 50. Teach-ins
* l1 Z# M. W2 k1 t, H& _0 @5 n" ]: \: v6 `* Q# s( n& h
Withdrawal and Renunciation
( V9 X- L7 F2 _$ A0 @/ f/ O 51. Walk-outs
. m& H; {) a( i- G% e1 H& b/ ? 52. Silence
/ G1 x" ~% g: w; q( A 53. Renouncing honors* x) K W4 I' {* L- L& u: I4 A# g4 w2 u
54. Turning one’s back
8 ?+ A- E; F+ d) b/ p& Z) k2 J; _+ N2 U. ^1 I! q7 I# y1 q
5 _( W) _4 F# I& `
/ {+ K# I7 {" n8 d* ~% @& T5 OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 A P6 N& U8 t4 G/ N& u0 |& h
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1 ]* z, a, k- V$ t* y) H1 X5 `
( K! Z* y2 t! ~% e4 Z% [- M! R6 O
Ostracism of Persons+ a% }1 B' n+ B$ |/ i6 j
55. Social boycott, V4 ?) \0 k2 }' z7 x( H$ g! M6 n
56. Selective social boycott+ w* c- m4 E* H9 E7 v! B
57. Lysistratic nonaction
: z3 V0 Q$ d8 u7 ], d& d 58. Excommunication
. P/ M; P" O& h( X3 O 59. Interdict
5 \' c5 a# e* }1 g9 ^3 X9 t7 \5 h, E9 o
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ R) ^. v5 v3 W' l8 L3 T
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! V) P) x. P) T7 e 61. Boycott of social affairs) H6 r4 `4 j# g( d9 j5 Z
62. Student strike4 I, Y K4 D# z4 A. Z
63. Social disobedience
. Y* P8 k' \4 a* {! b 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
, H% J; Z% R( R2 j7 A
3 k/ @9 R; S% x: {" J; hWithdrawal from the Social System
! T' g6 t0 C* E ~2 ^# ? 65. Stay-at-home( u+ I6 |: p" k8 A; K+ H
66. Total personal noncooperation. x) [( Q: ~8 q3 y% v9 Z
67. “Flight” of workers. b' s& o9 `! f# g& {! q
68. Sanctuary+ n" r' o+ f9 [. X, W C
69. Collective disappearance
. W- c) [1 w" D; P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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2 x5 `9 }# m* _ iActions by Consumers* ?" Y- Q o% l/ f% Z& D* v6 ~& V
71. Consumers’ boycott' x: }( @' F5 x. f. g
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- g) ]9 f% X& V' g0 h+ T5 L 73. Policy of austerity$ A+ H6 y& L# S) h
74. Rent withholding
0 i: Q# ~8 }1 \$ o, r8 ?! ?: N 75. Refusal to rent
" }' N, g6 @- W: l! | 76. National consumers’ boycott
8 {! u& p5 d9 A$ g: t! x- R 77. International consumers’ boycott
6 c, W8 F1 Y) F. j: g4 y0 s. q1 d, e0 ?8 t
Action by Workers and Producers
+ m: ]8 r/ h' N0 }1 } 78. Workmen’s boycott
* Z9 Q, U9 ]6 [1 t& v" s7 `6 r 79. Producers’ boycott5 E; B A7 O k$ B' ]* H
8 j0 _' E. t% ]9 V& Y
Action by Middlemen
9 t2 u' |6 g0 m( Q6 t* |9 k 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 M+ H; Z! z% r- B8 L
+ M Q6 z- }1 A7 P" e [9 w
Action by Owners and Management
$ L2 z+ B* g) s" x9 Q 81. Traders’ boycott3 v9 M" K: l8 Y
82. Refusal to let or sell property
& T f, e( l1 B8 S ^$ B' L: u! E% h 83. Lockout @. u- ^8 J! E% D
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 t) U$ F' ?- L# i. W 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ Y4 H" |8 v' @' Z
! `* {& e1 B5 `7 G, VAction by Holders of Financial Resources
9 _1 {4 ~( ~* x; M/ b! A 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, ^- ^8 u/ ~* U" n! Q, Q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 E4 ~9 l1 ^' u# o7 {" y; b3 a
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 }; w; C: L6 ]5 Z5 v! @% M0 }8 @
89. Severance of funds and credit
! s D% k/ u2 ]& \" j3 Z; r& Y 90. Revenue refusal
0 I* f3 f6 s! ^1 J9 i 91. Refusal of a government’s money# z; Z D+ o; `% A5 a0 e
) q# [0 Y9 t5 i7 c: o6 j5 f$ Q: A+ _Action by Governments- Y" f9 i1 M' M5 \
92. Domestic embargo
- V8 @5 Z# X! } }0 T d 93. Blacklisting of traders* H$ S: j) s! K8 T1 W- m
94. International sellers’ embargo2 v6 T/ C. y6 Q& v2 ]- l/ K" U/ R
95. International buyers’ embargo
: Y$ }' Z$ o+ K' k Q) [$ n 96. International trade embargo
W* ]* e+ G& |$ _# i5 N$ w% [9 J& T" z8 W; O; z
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8 {: l4 V; \3 a0 W3 U' GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE) _4 _( K2 X: T: c( j. a/ ]
2 w, }' H5 |0 h# J5 Q$ A* d
" l9 m! i8 r9 W" Q" ]Symbolic Strikes X" v1 t7 @( F0 v
97. Protest strike- O" u! k4 P5 k: @ @0 [) `
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, @* X; w- `- A$ s
- J: O. k4 V3 BAgricultural Strikes
5 m1 [ [1 W& L$ j 99. Peasant strike4 Z' } `. B: n R) W, n
100. Farm Workers’ strike& h K* _( [) B& ~/ u0 l
' N( {, k5 L9 V! L0 s! v/ ]Strikes by Special Groups
' | o4 w) P6 y5 u% d 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 `5 r* M5 O) _ 102. Prisoners’ strike2 q n4 ?6 B; Q" N" ?$ ~
103. Craft strike
0 N! t2 n+ z1 Z; U 104. Professional strike
& @2 C7 ?, W) H% s1 D/ e0 |, H0 ?7 |* [
Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ M8 b$ J6 I# e7 K
105. Establishment strike7 s. A6 o2 }: t$ p
106. Industry strike
8 a. W1 a4 p, t0 G4 n) I 107. Sympathetic strike
& k z8 P3 s3 l4 D1 }$ c2 G/ f( w) Y" `/ |- v
Restricted Strikes g6 A. K# ]& S4 U
108. Detailed strike I( a, o, [, K! ^0 d( D
109. Bumper strike/ l Z. h9 e$ Y% a+ Z
110. Slowdown strike) K$ b. v1 u! Q: w0 {' v; q
111. Working-to-rule strike
7 W. Y9 N. k8 ?8 S: h9 |, Y. E 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, D3 p/ Y. Z! a) X) Y7 D 113. Strike by resignation4 D& j# J/ G5 v# Y/ D, p" h
114. Limited strike
J, d! V3 ?: I0 r' x3 b 115. Selective strike: G0 N* ^' J+ W- i( }
- C5 H T; `0 Q4 r. X3 Q/ X
Multi-Industry Strikes+ K/ s/ S/ E; o# W9 @
( ~% Y, h) P/ ]- P7 r! X# c
116. Generalized strike+ i" w! H9 r2 R( V" n- r4 o0 z% ]8 {
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117. General strike
) C q( D" I' V0 D
& U/ f& P# O0 p. ?* q1 v3 cCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 o% s7 T4 r4 {8 S1 U# @
& P$ e0 J4 w! m, U
118. Hartal& x" q8 s o9 Y& I2 j2 K+ }- p, ]
. j. r" @' W8 ^ y4 v5 C 119. Economic shutdown1 g" m0 P! e4 J" i$ K: G2 m, `
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+ r* x( s: l! g3 T' HTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION) \# M3 |+ w6 X0 R0 y
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Rejection of Authority
% z& q, {% E6 S! d X. e. ^* I 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 f& T4 T3 F; y& L 121. Refusal of public support
2 N0 Z- T( B8 w9 { 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 h0 l/ X% c, j! e/ D2 o
/ W, W! U, H2 Z; j6 Q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ y& l1 |4 n3 t$ }7 X! j% P b5 X
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
3 d6 q% {; w" J7 x 124. Boycott of elections: U B) {; k3 a# z& V
125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ ^5 S, K& W x) T/ D. K5 w
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, Z+ W7 [$ ? H, Z, b1 O9 S
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 s0 J0 W/ K" @1 A 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations$ |5 U( I/ S- j
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 c: Y, Q x, q' _. x6 p: i7 G 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: D4 Y( P4 v# [; @# V
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
# e. f! l. T7 U6 v% W 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' _5 ` s5 a4 C' U0 l: [% v! t
4 y0 H2 X( }8 V( s! LCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- } a% v' c$ \0 p! d3 ^5 a 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 B/ b7 z3 ?: _* S 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ H( Y9 @' Y4 G4 _3 N 135. Popular nonobedience
- c% [0 J2 Z( y9 ? 136. Disguised disobedience
% c& C' @, I# D 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 M+ j) r \- Z3 u4 N
138. Sitdown' {3 m8 K# g8 P( s& Q$ M3 L6 V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! \! e F) z+ k; z z/ U, O) d
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ V( s, n4 w9 B0 ~ b
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws& }. ^: U5 M; b$ A3 Z
* F: \* _ ]! q8 S4 T0 y
Action by Government Personnel+ V; Y; g% t. w8 v V0 c" O1 s- Z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; O" G; v$ C# J, B2 \, \ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 M1 ?0 o1 y3 s! M
144. Stalling and obstruction
/ j7 d+ G' v9 r2 b" [9 e5 J 145. General administrative noncooperation
$ u& Q0 w$ U, Q5 u3 P9 D$ c" C* k7 L* \# z# n: \' V$ z
146. Judicial noncooperation- V! q# H6 @2 W. V$ A
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 D2 M# W% k' ~" E7 [/ r 148. Mutiny6 n8 r2 e0 [% F# ^! a4 r+ I
Domestic Governmental Action1 f, {* t2 B% J4 }+ x
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) b$ s: O+ C, N& J/ r+ H7 v: `& D 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( K+ }& H1 p4 F& j5 _; O
3 S6 u2 D6 W9 N/ B- Z( T% {. fInternational Governmental Action* Q% D* h P. O* C$ y8 X
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 G/ Y* P" u$ ?5 f2 j; y) |/ Z" \2 M
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
3 }+ Z, a+ ^& Z0 _. N! I1 u; r 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) ]! }9 V/ D4 j
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% }6 B7 `+ `9 [* c: L 155. Withdrawal from international organizations" N# U4 W9 v" D; C
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 ^+ ^* k: U8 Z/ T8 X4 W% U
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
4 L7 i! [6 b" i3 ^& U4 o5 N P) L% C) E1 y
% h7 e# N- K2 w! G$ E" e" X- a7 [Psychological Intervention
% i: e0 b7 |: k+ ?* P/ e- Z. v+ A 158. Self-exposure to the elements- C* m; T" W. O- k+ m' o, b0 Y" m' t! u
159. The fast8 L8 H" a: n2 M: s2 J
a) Fast of moral pressure- W5 X4 ?: q( c* y
b) Hunger strike
5 x3 ~. t; x6 V/ A2 [ c) Satyagrahic fast
+ I/ J" I* V- z1 s 160. Reverse trial1 T6 T! M: O; S1 O k
161. Nonviolent harassment% j b9 w. C6 Y7 ?: V
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Physical Intervention
+ [/ W. z2 K: b. } 162. Sit-in3 A- F! k: V5 k% ?' }, w
163. Stand-in/ u# K; U8 e% K' ?. `
164. Ride-in- _9 P& K2 C9 v( n1 s8 i6 L6 n
165. Wade-in
) n* P+ {7 v. b. v3 `4 J, _ 166. Mill-in
% t( t; _7 C" O+ |. h- G 167. Pray-in
! X X" [. h! b6 {6 r( \ 168. Nonviolent raids: c& t( G4 ?3 j
169. Nonviolent air raids" }* C* d( N' d+ r1 z" m
170. Nonviolent invasion
8 m/ i6 j% [& Y {0 t6 t8 f 171. Nonviolent interjection
( Q( E9 _% u2 U- o3 x 172. Nonviolent obstruction' @8 P) q0 C3 {' O4 \
173. Nonviolent occupation( N3 Q: S# c+ l8 b' `
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Social Intervention
* f" V$ j9 I1 S8 T! m" a 174. Establishing new social patterns' q: O6 q' r. y& ]- N
175. Overloading of facilities
' G; ?8 T6 @' P6 ~0 l: Z. m R 176. Stall-in
& {; z$ I. R- d, A$ G 177. Speak-in
" G6 n/ k+ n5 x5 R) R# i 178. Guerrilla theater7 S8 \/ d4 D/ \8 ^; e- R# \1 a
179. Alternative social institutions& I, Z6 V& R9 V% g# U
180. Alternative communication system
+ T: |; O; H2 L( U0 @
3 P }+ c( S- n: CEconomic Intervention
; @- h+ I# H L: b7 V" ^ 181. Reverse strike9 ~1 Y8 q; H4 e/ f! l2 _' M9 b
182. Stay-in strike5 @5 n" P: a& W! ]) H
183. Nonviolent land seizure& C% [* x- |2 t4 \( q8 G6 c
184. Defiance of blockades6 m' A' T' \& t8 \7 b
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 H U# M* |2 n/ {
186. Preclusive purchasing& b# ^" l# A! k) W- k
187. Seizure of assets
8 M& U! k9 Q- }7 u4 K 188. Dumping
9 l: A( W( j1 P$ l5 f/ H& ~+ |- d 189. Selective patronage
/ }! f! w7 w1 U7 K0 W6 I 190. Alternative markets3 ?7 ]0 ~- l5 `2 l$ f8 `
191. Alternative transportation systems# ` ^0 ?2 K5 [& E, e7 o# V
192. Alternative economic institutions
: b; t A. w; Z7 u& _; w% a. ?- i' O3 d
Political Intervention \% M6 E5 e% E
193. Overloading of administrative systems
2 j; N' ~: d4 U+ ~ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 H% \. x7 O0 Q- h0 z 195. Seeking imprisonment
9 y2 V9 R8 J$ ?. } 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
7 Z& m* n5 H% v; @+ Q 197. Work-on without collaboration3 z$ d' G( d, s& Z# @2 N8 z/ S
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government4 p& |* ~* x! ~! r9 [
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
