 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# s; i+ M, L6 s3 l! c
Formal Statements. x0 j$ O4 W6 e( |
1. Public Speeches
; p' T! C7 G2 D5 i5 P5 ]# q 2. Letters of opposition or support! H1 B' C- W# S) Z2 Z; h) o( q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" U& p. s+ {. @$ ?) u4 k M) M- | 4. Signed public statements2 Q/ w# w. P& r* u/ o" W' v# W
5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 P9 B! |. @" a& G! h( p
6. Group or mass petitions
! E _' ^+ K+ _3 Z% X$ m P9 Z. m( Z! h. y
Communications with a Wider Audience
; Q% D$ @' T: O0 l! f b 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
q; I9 v6 Z; f. d 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 W: A: G6 Z& T' l/ C" m# d. g 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& t2 X. I& j8 d3 @; q4 N7 x
10. Newspapers and journals9 i0 R. _ j! w% G, e/ B
11. Records, radio, and television U1 p- w L9 h' P/ ]
12. Skywriting and earthwriting1 ~) Y' J) D# R; d, V2 U6 ?4 |: ?
. t, `( `3 R# T6 \, K, R( mGroup Representations" I- w4 N0 s3 l3 {: o: r$ S; b
13. Deputations9 L- L9 P7 }+ B( S
14. Mock awards
, K5 y* O: D5 v5 g! V; x$ D 15. Group lobbying
, o( Q; E, e) {$ I 16. Picketing# a8 c4 d C8 \
17. Mock elections
7 C& Q: x& b9 q( }3 O5 f
/ y6 c% V1 q8 j2 |' b; VSymbolic Public Acts
3 r' j( T0 D/ }0 s5 c4 | 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
1 N; {# C5 V" z: j) e 19. Wearing of symbols! r* p2 o/ R# P0 Y" \, l9 N
20. Prayer and worship
. q- f3 Y% t6 u$ T/ P 21. Delivering symbolic objects
! j, g; ], S6 H O) q 22. Protest disrobings/ c/ x0 L& P. ^/ n
23. Destruction of own property, {5 Y: Y$ h+ T$ W
24. Symbolic lights
& f! M: `1 t% w 25. Displays of portraits ~" X# K* t8 r4 l" B
26. Paint as protest" |$ N2 D; N' s& V% v/ ^! y
27. New signs and names( a- h: u ~, z1 m" W2 O) o
28. Symbolic sounds
, a) |0 E. y( h4 B- l5 H 29. Symbolic reclamations
% f1 {6 k% j7 U5 s 30. Rude gestures
$ i3 W* K6 x E
& _7 g) S3 |' bPressures on Individuals5 ~9 P/ g v" k; W( j# \
31. “Haunting” officials
% Y% q4 [" L( x0 }1 T5 [; | 32. Taunting officials* m% {7 }/ P" Q2 I- ^
33. Fraternization
9 h. E; m: y8 y 34. Vigils
, h9 ]: I7 N- a2 |
: q1 n+ V# y& D# G& rDrama and Music
$ e" }; E- ~3 h7 E8 p" \6 O 35. Humorous skits and pranks' I7 z7 k: ^; z. Z5 {( [" {% y
36. Performances of plays and music" K" p, O) A7 l6 [) |
37. Singing
- n% C R+ y7 h8 m! r. @
- g; s' l3 m( Q( }$ v3 VProcessions$ i0 l3 F2 E: Q; z9 V- e5 N
38. Marches
7 @/ W& f( }6 E7 ^/ \/ T7 z 39. Parades
5 u6 P$ i' U' d3 \! W 40. Religious processions8 a k: h8 n2 K5 u
41. Pilgrimages( _9 v2 n3 Y0 w J0 F
42. Motorcades
+ @" p7 d+ B0 s+ e9 r5 U7 D: \. g$ N4 U. j) B) q; _7 X
Honoring the Dead3 y! p5 \: M2 I u4 `3 g
43. Political mourning+ `& q& ]4 t+ [, q# } W
44. Mock funerals* P9 \' q* U- n) \% t2 n7 w
45. Demonstrative funerals
9 b4 j8 p& r2 \) Q& q 46. Homage at burial places6 z# M: \, u7 W5 B9 N! j
`# r; |* N6 \ B3 `) VPublic Assemblies. F' M0 j/ \; e& T
47. Assemblies of protest or support. V% V' }$ _1 ?- `5 O
48. Protest meetings
% h" `) J L5 X 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 H9 n( d% D c f: I' M 50. Teach-ins
2 q s, h6 `1 ?2 \* [2 ^; z0 U
Withdrawal and Renunciation
9 o/ w0 O0 X" u 51. Walk-outs+ U7 G2 c4 T( B* B: x' ]) ]
52. Silence
. m3 a. ^: B# \: i1 f% r 53. Renouncing honors
: F0 ^& }. L+ r) k. q K 54. Turning one’s back6 }! a& b# z" ~. S" T
" e2 r Y* g8 @. D! S/ W$ N
, U7 ? d& |/ {( Y( Y
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 j0 y" N3 R3 n: G2 @9 _
3 P+ k+ |. Z/ Y( l 5 m" D9 e( X& d* F9 s
4 z0 X7 ]4 ~/ y
Ostracism of Persons
0 j% t# P+ h( Y: N1 Z; S' I* e 55. Social boycott" b7 e" T" u N- [ d7 e5 Z/ U+ n8 ?
56. Selective social boycott
0 X. K" E" M8 Y- p$ _1 P 57. Lysistratic nonaction
2 u- V. J6 @) L( i 58. Excommunication
$ M2 r% o0 x7 q) i 59. Interdict
) U% b0 e8 {/ g! i' ~. r3 E% A6 F' d! B/ [! u; I' J# ?' a
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ B3 X2 y# y0 e1 [8 u2 \& o7 v" H
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" |5 v/ G0 s, ]$ C2 V 61. Boycott of social affairs) u9 i; a. n# r( o) }7 [
62. Student strike
( }2 l- v) ~5 y3 Q8 y# }( D7 t$ C8 g 63. Social disobedience; k" Z$ e7 W6 ]) R
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
3 N3 O4 @6 _( g/ W
+ w( m, r) d3 LWithdrawal from the Social System
5 v h) E0 d+ H/ }: q 65. Stay-at-home
$ E, j. {1 ]) L1 F6 R: c$ E 66. Total personal noncooperation' d. [. A+ [& x# P+ \$ P2 j6 T2 m
67. “Flight” of workers: N( d1 E0 v+ s% N: J; o
68. Sanctuary
4 f% Q$ y. z, Z 69. Collective disappearance3 z$ K0 M; Y" p% q5 Z* T/ [
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% S+ [! k6 g' X8 N
e* p2 M, U+ ^1 L! m + j/ h. U/ X5 {& X9 a8 c
1 E) x2 y* p; j' Q) zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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/ s. y4 [/ c0 |, K7 P1 J
Actions by Consumers6 }1 T" G4 p9 L
71. Consumers’ boycott
! M3 F8 }, M; g5 ~5 e) A( { 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- H& y5 S7 x; H+ v0 ^
73. Policy of austerity
& [& S7 w! j5 U; L& I V1 C: t 74. Rent withholding
' }6 f/ N# z% D/ G# a1 W# _ 75. Refusal to rent
6 J5 G( t- W4 e3 O8 a 76. National consumers’ boycott- j$ ^2 `% b5 b. K4 b: V
77. International consumers’ boycott% A7 |3 l- @% }) \, k' B! u
( V' b, V, {; g' U2 Y
Action by Workers and Producers
2 I$ H# O8 n$ ^6 e$ @( X. Q 78. Workmen’s boycott
2 c+ c, u$ U k, [! ?) ^ 79. Producers’ boycott
. w# J3 j- ?$ l3 J. X( O4 K; @
4 N+ v' e- e% A9 |1 @Action by Middlemen
9 w- Y2 r% w: b 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ L7 Z% l+ \9 U& |
' S* T ?1 `4 F
Action by Owners and Management2 x7 ]) k0 g. ?4 R- d: E, f/ h
81. Traders’ boycott
/ L* J2 S4 P4 v9 ]& f- z 82. Refusal to let or sell property; g3 J/ n" C# D
83. Lockout
, }& X5 w) C r 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; X( ^* L) H0 c( w, m" R 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
% q6 B4 V1 \6 z) W
% \ D0 _" N) O2 K2 v- K0 h) WAction by Holders of Financial Resources
1 E" ~3 V$ K8 A+ o7 z4 ` 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ o! }( g# b& r% `( S) F0 ~
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
# }: q4 j% e! q& O2 c& X$ F6 w' L8 i 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 Y: d/ p \5 J$ {% I' ` 89. Severance of funds and credit
3 i8 C' u0 w' x 90. Revenue refusal
6 B0 F% j) r* a. y3 u3 b: L3 D 91. Refusal of a government’s money
& v& d" f9 {; T, r' o9 h/ ?8 w1 @" l1 \- ~. M j
Action by Governments
7 a0 A+ N+ `' n" _$ f+ y& L$ c 92. Domestic embargo
; B2 K. J8 {/ `$ {( b 93. Blacklisting of traders A: a9 u: N8 M6 D2 v4 Q
94. International sellers’ embargo- `) B0 Y; j( g( I7 b4 v
95. International buyers’ embargo
) M+ D, ?9 N, B 96. International trade embargo$ u/ w1 T8 y% l( j. ^7 _0 Z
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# S. o* h; Z0 |8 V& b C! C+ @ H% H, f5 u
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
1 ~ a% D5 R5 m4 N
z4 @+ D& R& A- I; N" \. d ' t- z- _8 ~' ]' z4 }. I% V. T
Symbolic Strikes
0 |8 D" {6 n5 C4 M& ] 97. Protest strike
. l! n/ a: K0 i+ d% K 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)' Q/ n8 _$ y& z" G" T" s
. E' e0 m# v, j4 Q/ kAgricultural Strikes% O* K+ X+ Q! u" s! ^5 S/ b
99. Peasant strike, v3 E3 L( a0 I& Q! W
100. Farm Workers’ strike3 q0 N1 j* g: I; Y. `8 U/ C8 u
. Z8 H( ~& A. a) p
Strikes by Special Groups
1 r1 v6 ?' i/ Y4 [6 h 101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 C) Y% G* T2 c+ K. F; T 102. Prisoners’ strike
3 u v" M& ?7 ^ 103. Craft strike
8 E$ [+ ?1 {1 A 104. Professional strike
4 E& K, d0 ~$ N, `( U" L# x: R; D7 {: t% b5 G' O6 Z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
+ `' Z# H9 L m8 b 105. Establishment strike
8 F' }" O. N+ v 106. Industry strike
% r% x$ e9 i- F9 Z6 A 107. Sympathetic strike# L1 ~ @. B: C$ j4 [, t
0 V- x- g% h4 W& E; M$ I+ Y' B
Restricted Strikes
( z. V) M2 ]" m4 t( F 108. Detailed strike0 b; R, V' c* D; d& z1 u
109. Bumper strike
) C) i2 ^$ c9 l$ ]7 ]- A 110. Slowdown strike
1 p& ~7 ~8 {0 n; i `; [! ]) h 111. Working-to-rule strike% T! v; o7 I% I8 e; d+ B( W
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) j0 t" }, a- P. K0 s# ^) Y 113. Strike by resignation
" Q* ?! D+ Z! K8 ^8 l6 y. a 114. Limited strike
7 d0 N, f, h( { P 115. Selective strike1 u) e) L) ?* ~: O5 X' Z
% F9 W% z- a& ^) n- [6 O7 P# @. VMulti-Industry Strikes8 ~ m) M9 l- M) [* {
& s Q5 d* O: d2 }- C5 |9 j, V& @
116. Generalized strike
, ^# c1 z4 Q" g
4 m5 V2 H( P( s& o 117. General strike6 Y G8 p0 B( X9 u
, A" C" H- s3 M9 f5 S' l
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
j; W+ F& a4 N: _0 ]' ?, N3 |# O: |9 L- T; R5 [
118. Hartal7 v9 |1 z4 H4 w& ?4 Y) K# d
H8 f( |- T8 T n1 i$ o
119. Economic shutdown
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5 b1 T( g0 j3 U4 L- D Y
2 g4 S* a1 K1 Q" Z
& Q$ J0 s8 Z, T2 x) GTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
* l7 L- c3 S( _" I1 e) f, ?6 r5 ?6 ~
$ l* ~, T8 [+ p0 F H+ j) ^5 c) Y
9 O2 z7 ?: w7 {Rejection of Authority* `1 F D) _. u& A
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
p- V' P9 g8 e" O; b, K4 q 121. Refusal of public support7 } y2 M/ x( L
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 c/ F2 C; D; S+ A( p
& M$ ]" v' v; f5 b% ?Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 X# k* L1 }# [: W
123. Boycott of legislative bodies, e/ t' B, e0 R' h" H8 Q; D( C! \
124. Boycott of elections: g& e* n; Q7 z, `1 c9 z
125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 I# e& j/ c) J9 ]3 r, s, @
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: w* r. x7 o4 N! a 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" t- ^4 x: L: Z( z- h: g2 m 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
( Y% l. q% Q( w+ Q \/ q) l* ] 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& k8 `, g/ M' [/ Q 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
7 J- o/ ]& D- o# L 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 _; z* Q( u4 g4 g r2 ?" V
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
' u3 I9 o/ u% s! H& W8 n# H, `% V/ K3 g+ H9 h( C, I$ T
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; g" b, ~& G# E) O. M* x 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 K$ N7 |3 J6 {0 s" s
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
, r/ w8 E8 _& g) t 135. Popular nonobedience% [/ k l9 h+ W* z" H2 B: ~
136. Disguised disobedience2 a! F" n( J$ Y! i& V4 }; d0 }
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. D5 m7 G0 [: m- E$ X 138. Sitdown
2 ^8 x3 P" m- w+ v; }( @( t 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation3 I5 F: r; H V6 N( c0 @- Q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 g' S7 h5 H, p+ l7 m' L 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 z9 `# _6 r+ @
; p: ?& k$ C+ m+ A* ^0 ? i- eAction by Government Personnel
( n A8 w0 c; u) t 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 ^2 r! ~* J0 _2 T$ H5 Z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information# A$ R- j9 o/ r$ T w
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 B/ _6 x6 r* c, d/ R8 @ 145. General administrative noncooperation
, w/ |# W, {- d, g3 x9 j. l( {. u( b6 a
146. Judicial noncooperation
9 R- ] r+ Y8 t' y J 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents. e$ k3 P* H- n, y: u$ S# r
148. Mutiny
]2 A$ w% i" r/ b' YDomestic Governmental Action
, ]! O7 c1 @ R% m 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# g T1 d. ?4 g1 f0 A: {3 {# Y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& w0 M w4 h* E" A: L
, d/ s' y' N1 X% ?1 r+ GInternational Governmental Action
: c9 J6 h' r# c; R, Y6 J# c 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations, S' ^8 s$ j. W( q- F0 s, |& h
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( `7 v% [/ R+ m 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 C- f4 E$ U$ J4 M* L5 e6 V5 e D
154. Severance of diplomatic relations+ ^& a' N: I: f
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" h% D8 r4 C, t/ a7 }* o 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: r5 w* N2 n5 w6 Z8 j& @& u
157. Expulsion from international organizations
, }# y7 V9 c! h! J; Y6 V& H# ?! ]! p" ~5 _4 c6 J" v5 s
8 o# }- m# }) f) ]
3 u/ G4 u! ?) b- K! C( RTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION W G0 O3 }) F5 V2 H
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! c& L0 w! C3 H% ]% |Psychological Intervention
" M* Q/ [" v6 J9 S% c 158. Self-exposure to the elements5 ]+ N% X$ L. O5 L
159. The fast |! y- z% ]# H
a) Fast of moral pressure6 B1 X# O* k: Y4 U. q+ @
b) Hunger strike
g# E+ q, H& Q. F c) Satyagrahic fast
/ h2 @% i) g: z' ]# B% h4 @ 160. Reverse trial
' D$ [7 f- s( p1 I: n 161. Nonviolent harassment; F. y; w6 V z! _2 o
; L& x4 X/ z2 f% L5 u# u
Physical Intervention$ n- l9 T* [8 i/ n
162. Sit-in# m6 c' C$ \( e! z
163. Stand-in
+ U$ Z' R/ ]7 i0 n' D3 s 164. Ride-in
_# _9 O. X U, k0 R, } 165. Wade-in9 B7 ]3 w, L8 g* P
166. Mill-in
, D$ P, F* X, N: Y; { 167. Pray-in" Y3 j8 T$ P0 G3 p2 Z% F9 d, n
168. Nonviolent raids
; B1 b$ {# b+ V( w2 @ 169. Nonviolent air raids
4 |; E9 R8 h) ]6 z 170. Nonviolent invasion
; W" e* A( Y2 w4 {$ d/ C( S7 N 171. Nonviolent interjection" J7 g+ a, l; x( P) A( F
172. Nonviolent obstruction
0 B( ~' g, o& ~- h, H/ t: l 173. Nonviolent occupation( |: p! j0 C+ ]$ F0 D$ ~
, H" h, n# i" x9 _8 n* X
Social Intervention
! Y+ j6 }( q" ?! [ 174. Establishing new social patterns# ]1 S7 V/ t1 m% g
175. Overloading of facilities: R7 z" g+ q$ P0 `4 V6 |/ N
176. Stall-in" R; M9 m: P* A% [* p, H0 B9 |4 k
177. Speak-in
( H& @5 c! } }* k. Y6 W* O1 {3 } 178. Guerrilla theater% S1 P/ ]8 c6 J3 P7 g* [
179. Alternative social institutions
+ s' i, d6 g- w8 o' [# t 180. Alternative communication system
8 B/ u3 Y8 i) x0 [; n" H- `
5 x* P) m1 _3 }. C# R- XEconomic Intervention
* G6 A% u- K( D: w 181. Reverse strike
- M& w4 K, w4 Y 182. Stay-in strike
5 [; z7 m8 }. @9 j* s9 R4 N- p6 b 183. Nonviolent land seizure7 ~- X% N0 K# P( ^% S$ Q' a9 u
184. Defiance of blockades# b0 i9 `) w' F P- ~1 T0 v
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# S6 s& @, p" ]6 x! q' ]2 Q
186. Preclusive purchasing
8 v+ X; z" N; ^# C( \4 J4 }/ r 187. Seizure of assets" j, Z; w0 H7 n+ Y* Y# W( t
188. Dumping3 H1 o% F: Z4 {1 C X9 P$ U
189. Selective patronage
7 c, [: b( W& X, m" q1 ], V7 u; ~4 H/ K 190. Alternative markets( F6 [: P. r, @
191. Alternative transportation systems: ~9 L$ @3 g9 _7 s
192. Alternative economic institutions
; C/ ~& ^ }7 ?4 `
% N% n- R( t- g" b, r( n4 @0 B; m8 jPolitical Intervention% t _; J6 r6 E: e
193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ G) L0 Q8 X3 I! `; S f s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! v% q) `3 a6 f- [ 195. Seeking imprisonment/ F5 D4 Z* {! Q* X+ s
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& l2 q: S% `% w b9 M
197. Work-on without collaboration
4 H; G; v7 h4 _/ F5 B) N8 D/ d3 H8 e 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government/ Y: C6 {' w8 R) ~9 T/ v$ A5 t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
