 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ K, h4 y3 k( Q* ^. m3 \6 NFormal Statements M) [ {, [* N A' P
1. Public Speeches" G/ Y+ j( T# ~% Y8 M) ~- Z
2. Letters of opposition or support- g- P3 [) f0 t1 O p6 X
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% d ?% F' m* D+ P 4. Signed public statements& _; P k6 x+ m" X! V
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 u$ ^: h" T6 A( g9 a* \% T- b8 s# |0 y 6. Group or mass petitions
$ b8 U* Z& G! i# W8 X/ e9 [3 b) o" y7 I5 c8 l1 T
Communications with a Wider Audience
R& X7 w/ R U 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; S1 R6 t) G8 b3 n) b
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 V5 W. l2 Y/ m- c# H; s
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
6 n$ y$ O6 R6 h( m 10. Newspapers and journals
: g# _7 ?" g/ T3 q( ~! d 11. Records, radio, and television
& [$ v0 T' p3 K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ P& u. T2 K& h+ M& `* j. J0 S
7 z3 N9 q6 d' M3 ^) MGroup Representations, y, t; Z% l; G$ o
13. Deputations; g5 D4 H$ k+ S! Q( d: [! L2 Z
14. Mock awards
0 E& R; i# \) s/ X 15. Group lobbying# R( a; j8 \7 }8 N4 M' |+ ^- m/ k, h
16. Picketing! v" @) i' J! {/ s3 ~3 P& s4 O/ v
17. Mock elections/ H: k" j% m0 [. u
. O9 s6 T! x- f; a5 z% a! N
Symbolic Public Acts9 ^) P1 i! }% }. G! w e6 g
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors% D2 a8 T* \& E8 `- L# r) y8 \
19. Wearing of symbols
3 l# Q" W5 k; }% z/ i! D" m$ N 20. Prayer and worship( H: x/ R# v/ S5 W
21. Delivering symbolic objects) r2 b/ R3 A# o% t* c' j
22. Protest disrobings
+ q) _( t0 }6 a& V* ]% a; M! V 23. Destruction of own property2 g! }1 U# U8 H+ n5 n
24. Symbolic lights
* Q: X& a$ @# l+ X( a8 }. N) T% C 25. Displays of portraits
' ~4 \& ~) E' N1 a 26. Paint as protest
, z9 F" }4 Q. \6 A3 P 27. New signs and names
( w8 ]. n+ B4 q 28. Symbolic sounds
, z6 ~3 Y+ I& r 29. Symbolic reclamations4 K. \5 I: U2 K9 e- j) t; z8 M, U
30. Rude gestures* A* b3 S% m$ i3 v
, O9 {/ L+ r/ PPressures on Individuals$ Y/ z, }4 c5 `! @
31. “Haunting” officials
4 R' a; o C& B9 z! D 32. Taunting officials
2 `: t) A* Q' p% @ 33. Fraternization, e x8 K+ K2 x; C) d. X/ i
34. Vigils. s/ \% G: k( o/ n+ h- A& D
; Y5 E) Q. [+ ^Drama and Music
2 {+ d1 n* H4 B, E$ o$ P% B 35. Humorous skits and pranks
$ d4 ~3 g8 S8 {' x 36. Performances of plays and music
- Z4 z% ?! l( W) r! w& p 37. Singing
8 R2 m# W$ c$ s% n1 k, t+ ~8 _( {8 i6 h" ~, f. B5 ^
Processions1 ?3 Z) T# G" G" H
38. Marches
8 s6 n$ Z+ M! t q* `6 U( i 39. Parades
; o) p& ^, }" X+ [ 40. Religious processions
2 l+ \& z4 }' O8 z/ k c/ G1 u2 s 41. Pilgrimages& u$ N- h" O0 a7 r& S9 a
42. Motorcades1 ?' o. w4 Q1 Q8 K1 d2 n5 C
( }' r2 a/ ?: @ y7 K4 N) nHonoring the Dead
( ?+ H, v: i2 [. N% n 43. Political mourning
* m) p* C- A1 f; Z6 T e 44. Mock funerals% A+ }! O$ w9 u7 W+ |/ i* F
45. Demonstrative funerals& Q+ X! ]* G0 G! q
46. Homage at burial places
0 _; ?, ?& O" b9 P. n6 a; m2 `" d) D7 I8 `. }
Public Assemblies
- w. d- d) l7 e* k e: l 47. Assemblies of protest or support ~2 M; `6 N, V! k4 Y3 a
48. Protest meetings3 E l5 u* M/ K2 C) [7 d- }
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 X/ d. Y! J, d j; V6 B
50. Teach-ins* r/ w0 N/ O9 l2 o
5 Y* S! \. V9 }1 T, z- `5 J
Withdrawal and Renunciation0 J; R7 e+ r- K) n- p8 Q, d
51. Walk-outs# M! i1 g% c6 c# W: ?3 ~) p/ E+ y
52. Silence
; @2 \; w# X" h% ~+ x W; ~ 53. Renouncing honors
8 [0 g- ]" {, G! C+ K! m 54. Turning one’s back( f; u+ t- H) [$ ]
8 D" {) e/ {- W5 B7 G# k$ }
" d- z; V4 @. L" X. s9 h" O. }
1 J6 L6 _0 b0 m: r! X$ O; Z; N5 m
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 Z6 W3 P9 S" p2 s
4 [6 ?& Y% ]0 ], p: x7 r, h$ V
& I% u0 T( e# D* n' d2 G4 j( _8 K' q* _+ f# l: H7 ] h, A2 B# u" E
Ostracism of Persons
+ }. i+ T0 @ ~3 m4 X3 [$ @ 55. Social boycott
0 N' @$ ]1 Y+ e1 b 56. Selective social boycott. l2 V- y4 s8 ]6 z- I+ {! ^: L
57. Lysistratic nonaction
% \+ j% Q& C1 r9 M 58. Excommunication
) }9 |% Z5 N7 d 59. Interdict/ y, }: r6 `. @! ~2 C+ |
! k& g/ `* e i" T0 rNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 V/ M/ n6 N! m+ _% m0 L 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! p; q8 z4 V. A& y 61. Boycott of social affairs
8 H) S/ a) Q0 N- y+ x3 w5 u9 E( k2 n 62. Student strike+ Q9 q1 G+ W. t% ~* `
63. Social disobedience( b; Z3 h/ N6 r8 I+ a- G
64. Withdrawal from social institutions+ K9 G: V, d5 R! L/ X. z$ x
6 p& B( r1 U- b+ K" hWithdrawal from the Social System% R1 s) p+ ?) _: \! _; M+ V
65. Stay-at-home
& T% J+ S: \! c$ |% Q 66. Total personal noncooperation2 V9 D& \6 f6 q' K, J b- }3 I4 m6 I
67. “Flight” of workers! C" k/ X7 j4 ~' t2 }7 m
68. Sanctuary
* S) k$ k2 M0 i, H4 D& W8 l% e 69. Collective disappearance4 N6 b; N/ y8 o0 [/ B" u+ H; ^1 ^' S
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 U; j- D3 z) W
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Actions by Consumers* N& M4 D! u& Y B% K. e R
71. Consumers’ boycott
! y# I' L3 c& ~ e" T7 b 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 N, n4 N% ]% Z3 Q( \- a# G( g 73. Policy of austerity
! P0 x9 A: e/ E. B7 e/ O# g 74. Rent withholding) g0 @* d: Z9 Q$ D
75. Refusal to rent+ A) x7 v1 [* d( H9 Z6 h! x
76. National consumers’ boycott: O8 S& B$ A! b2 Z
77. International consumers’ boycott
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Action by Workers and Producers. E( g' i5 g. | \
78. Workmen’s boycott, L; l8 B" z2 k' V3 A# b, P
79. Producers’ boycott
$ K: \1 `& ^/ A5 m i% s9 `$ z
- n; c+ {$ Q6 zAction by Middlemen
6 q2 R! a' d; O0 K- f- `' Q/ Q 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
' z2 W- @9 B& H3 m0 V2 I& d. u0 {- a+ _1 [
Action by Owners and Management. p F5 i" M8 i9 u& X6 l
81. Traders’ boycott
$ _4 h, p+ [: z* Z6 q 82. Refusal to let or sell property
; Y5 D4 T+ ]3 Y1 z3 Q 83. Lockout' _6 Q5 T# p Z# }! I! ]
84. Refusal of industrial assistance( j- |0 Z& g7 a
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, J" \3 ?; @, Q1 y, s* P6 S% z0 s2 b, r4 R) B H3 y6 W/ _: x
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
! z. V9 `/ m) Q J' b" | 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits6 S7 w# G6 [' N0 } L4 E0 M' @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. _- P5 c$ n& m' b$ Z4 |
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 R- R( a2 e2 m# {
89. Severance of funds and credit3 F* W& g+ c! a( v. Y. Z) E/ z
90. Revenue refusal3 N5 n R5 c& R. @0 T
91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 P, {" b$ Z1 z& H6 Z9 c) _7 O0 T- P" F+ V+ U# e" W) t
Action by Governments
& w" T1 L5 l/ e7 W x9 j, B+ ~ 92. Domestic embargo
6 p( v$ J/ W% R3 J c) B' v 93. Blacklisting of traders2 U& a8 }7 Z1 K' i' ^9 g4 v
94. International sellers’ embargo' O* c p3 |% X# |
95. International buyers’ embargo9 P' d4 r- |& y
96. International trade embargo7 @( a" y# ~0 r4 w/ C6 B6 N+ X, c' S
/ H9 h& I9 m9 W' U; U; C
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 {: ?1 R- K/ V% B6 G
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7 a% ?3 a2 j ?; L& Z8 ZSymbolic Strikes
; h/ e( U t- Z$ K 97. Protest strike+ o) j$ B: @# k; K1 v+ F9 y
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)& {1 M6 t; w4 b/ l2 L$ M6 j: `
$ O1 M$ H2 ~4 [3 h0 C/ Y- Q% b0 {. ~+ b
Agricultural Strikes
2 f0 H8 |5 ]. m# T7 {0 K e6 ? 99. Peasant strike, T9 _! L6 Y+ Y2 Z; F8 i
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ B9 u. W) l- N c- j( ~/ m
% W2 d }8 f3 X; x" n; {' \Strikes by Special Groups
' M& n4 h( z, c6 b6 a 101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 A' n/ b0 Q. M3 W 102. Prisoners’ strike
( t+ [8 [6 Q' o- X 103. Craft strike# P0 O& Z: T' u
104. Professional strike6 k+ E9 M' y- F8 z# Y( K
! e5 o' K5 [ G
Ordinary Industrial Strikes* f0 J- f1 @0 F" j
105. Establishment strike
6 B5 i- E, C/ @/ Z 106. Industry strike+ d) s6 @6 \' F% t" n# O- ?
107. Sympathetic strike
+ F2 B- P! d; \% |; D" c& O7 n k
Restricted Strikes' e' j9 r5 J+ y5 p* N0 m( A, |
108. Detailed strike
: N4 K1 G$ c1 g, a( ] 109. Bumper strike
+ R! t& |. f8 ~ l- Q$ Z( [( { 110. Slowdown strike2 |6 U+ v, l1 ~- m7 Z) K+ q7 ^
111. Working-to-rule strike& x, M/ E( d; R- [. @: r2 _% o
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 m: E8 ?+ h3 B( w$ p# Z, |) d) F
113. Strike by resignation
" R9 ] j. j6 z6 q 114. Limited strike/ N' `1 L4 S2 n% G/ S F
115. Selective strike9 T* q2 N9 w8 M% k4 a+ m& u' t
9 Y2 G' W4 T" R7 A2 d
Multi-Industry Strikes
! u9 m) X% t/ f0 ^/ H+ Y( m* u- F# K
( l( p# A3 B+ |$ O3 y5 b( T 116. Generalized strike$ {4 @6 y+ u6 U- V6 s
1 X2 }7 }9 V" g8 q0 @ 117. General strike |# l. W1 r4 I& o8 ?* M8 E
( O, @! [# L/ ?5 X
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( R4 J @0 ]" m! `& {7 s7 l9 X- \* F2 C
118. Hartal. e I% \% D. p* ?$ j( M$ A
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119. Economic shutdown
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& M8 V+ @7 n' I# s. \
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 J! ~ [% f+ B* b: S% d& p- C+ Y" l
Rejection of Authority
: S' [! P6 J/ R4 D" I& @ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% R' }- Z1 |+ ~- t1 n( S
121. Refusal of public support
; q3 r) [+ U ]4 v 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- o+ e4 J# m' l, D; q
' b1 J' O, V" f( B( lCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: |4 G0 i. Q+ L3 |; e 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% r4 O2 A5 r: Q" ?# J
124. Boycott of elections, R h3 k) A4 L" J
125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ ]* @. Y) _- a% n; W
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ C$ G6 z* _1 Z( ^( j. q4 ~ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* }. ^! g+ M( M 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% d8 k" I$ B; o3 Y; r% l* \3 `! V( f( _ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 f1 p/ w% M7 e$ I. Y& i
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! v/ F$ v# ]. `5 \8 X- k8 n6 n' ]' }( v 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* g. O- x% C3 g) { Y: R& q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions t# n2 D, {2 \7 r' S% ?, d. ?
$ t7 s" A" d" gCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 ?4 i+ c. |0 q 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; S8 ]. z1 `5 S0 X 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) F$ b4 O. G7 U2 F8 Q; d/ a 135. Popular nonobedience# a! g5 m+ ]: g! B M
136. Disguised disobedience
: q" ?- R \- w 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 I7 Q$ Z1 |. n* v 138. Sitdown7 [: F" K/ O. S
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 ~; G7 K/ t) L0 k0 |( T 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 w3 w+ J7 U6 b4 {' o& n; ? 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 s" T5 v' H9 i0 R6 I$ C! Q8 H
0 F! y3 |8 j. o" @* n
Action by Government Personnel
' G! Y8 Z# j- K$ b4 D" i/ B( ` 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* f9 _& s' i6 \4 S5 d; [; E G; o 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; }/ j0 P9 @; n: M+ z! u) u- H 144. Stalling and obstruction
8 j2 }8 E* H6 B9 n& s: n$ o- t 145. General administrative noncooperation
9 O% g2 X" K/ l# q, f& r& t" B" V4 A4 \! C ?! ^( n# j
146. Judicial noncooperation
E# P1 J9 _: `6 B* q: V7 T 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& G) ]- n" J7 q/ c 148. Mutiny
/ E2 `6 w* Q( Q, x# o7 oDomestic Governmental Action
+ ~ Y* D1 D# p1 F- | 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 v; M2 V9 W& V& o 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 N. L1 K4 X! }& [, U! k3 }& {. ^9 P9 R6 q
International Governmental Action
' b+ R. k1 @% [ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* O# p( H- q: y! B4 u4 N1 }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ @/ |) a" `# x: w+ U" E 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
C- u! |/ m1 s6 @; n; x6 }& } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations2 h" @0 n7 Q3 p, O$ X3 w; R- w
155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 M- a/ `" b& s1 a: O4 M ~" W* ^; |
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* M) N6 t9 B5 p 157. Expulsion from international organizations9 g4 |0 d" S8 c4 Y
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 \* U3 B' L, ~8 `3 U
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5 M6 P" r( R& D7 s$ hPsychological Intervention
6 w: Y0 s, w2 @- n 158. Self-exposure to the elements$ V% H: c+ ~! B% }
159. The fast
7 G, c0 q9 j- R6 y, H* h F* q( B1 @. t a) Fast of moral pressure
j) E/ p: a7 A, L4 P' e b) Hunger strike
( ? @; i9 e" s! z- b4 W* J c) Satyagrahic fast
q' A! M2 u. @+ P7 _" p/ h9 z 160. Reverse trial7 d& N/ d. [4 [: \2 Q
161. Nonviolent harassment
% p9 E# ?5 X3 k9 e
3 R' H% L1 G g& M9 |Physical Intervention
& I) n2 @; F) W& E2 t 162. Sit-in. k& r3 L3 W" g. M7 Q
163. Stand-in
3 F/ N V, n' D9 i7 b1 ?' L+ e, \ 164. Ride-in3 R' X, I7 H6 a) P% G' c' G. t
165. Wade-in
; x! d6 h8 W. e- ?& e: J1 o$ s 166. Mill-in
- ]* z. f# x$ c F5 W9 {2 W. Y# ` 167. Pray-in
5 r3 Q) l @" L 168. Nonviolent raids
' e, y7 V0 u$ _8 N/ j 169. Nonviolent air raids# [* @! l# c6 _- t; X+ [! M% D# r
170. Nonviolent invasion3 b" G9 u; }% n# ?- [7 ?0 t2 u
171. Nonviolent interjection* G4 T4 J7 q. C2 C6 V+ z
172. Nonviolent obstruction0 V9 m3 G; J' z1 x: ?1 ?/ a+ r% I
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention C% a" ^5 _) r3 o9 U# a' Q8 N
174. Establishing new social patterns
2 H* z2 ~1 Z& z$ q 175. Overloading of facilities
( ] O# z) O( M Q0 ^ 176. Stall-in8 `& N* g! i3 m+ W4 b
177. Speak-in$ O' G! U7 a' f" b- B, Z
178. Guerrilla theater) v, I- j+ o/ L5 f% b
179. Alternative social institutions% n- F" D7 w8 U3 ~& b4 r
180. Alternative communication system
2 w! |( ?, y$ h& t
8 n J, }. ^3 J/ R9 j; X* rEconomic Intervention
% M6 B( ]% }: C: z' e, Q 181. Reverse strike
0 u' {1 w4 e1 _) m% H; H) l 182. Stay-in strike
: a# A- |1 {1 Y) I% t# J 183. Nonviolent land seizure
, W+ \" _1 g# B& c5 l# b 184. Defiance of blockades
! H, R" `$ O5 i( _ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! v9 v6 @$ X9 z% X1 M! g1 g4 x: E4 L3 V
186. Preclusive purchasing
* h) I/ s4 i% H& _/ ] 187. Seizure of assets( G6 r: h, q2 V" _# ~$ V! `
188. Dumping
* V, a0 [# `8 [' E: B 189. Selective patronage
. j ]0 @. w- ~! M 190. Alternative markets# o- Y. `6 |# I" ~) V
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 p4 ]$ e" z' _' j* Y1 J% g& h 192. Alternative economic institutions
6 B- Z$ y0 w: q1 S7 R
8 _$ w8 U n) B5 [) C& EPolitical Intervention
& I( C4 q9 J" w5 R8 X5 B/ x 193. Overloading of administrative systems
" r$ `# U! V6 m7 o2 I5 Z) s 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" O( h5 V0 m+ H 195. Seeking imprisonment
8 W C$ j! ^- X* p+ l* ~, S 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; K2 A1 a" Q) H. V- [
197. Work-on without collaboration8 S% k! q1 F y2 U
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: P9 s& d5 X9 v7 q4 h) |7 ]
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
