 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION) @7 K9 b+ q1 z9 a; g6 n
Formal Statements: [2 A7 L* w' x' Q/ a
1. Public Speeches2 l" p9 Z3 ~ ?! r q
2. Letters of opposition or support
! Q$ G! T5 E0 m' ?! Q3 Q: L+ U 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, `6 ], D# v8 B
4. Signed public statements1 a% J- y$ z) M! }- H, B
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 W+ a. w, ?) T) K 6. Group or mass petitions
+ |- ?, d& z1 c/ t: v
* o- P) v/ u% a5 C# [Communications with a Wider Audience
8 ^+ r+ u; X: U) d 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols N8 e6 S6 U. A0 z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ V4 ~$ y3 _) b" \7 w9 O$ `
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! s( a0 N2 v4 @1 D) q/ D7 G/ D1 i- f 10. Newspapers and journals4 x5 D( E7 A& n! `0 K9 t8 J
11. Records, radio, and television
$ s* C! F9 H8 R- g+ Q( C 12. Skywriting and earthwriting& C0 M5 D; R& A4 `( D0 m
4 n, p/ C' o0 M9 j$ YGroup Representations
( Q) c! {( {. `9 B7 A 13. Deputations
* a+ p1 G' A. W 14. Mock awards
* j7 d# U& G5 l0 t; y2 b2 v5 x( { 15. Group lobbying
: k' C1 V( b7 O" w" h( C0 L4 m 16. Picketing! @& R, h% f( l' M6 C' f* D
17. Mock elections
5 }4 Z+ j1 _; Y6 x; L
! w( }; X% t8 f) Q7 hSymbolic Public Acts& Q: M; u3 A( I- k! A& e. B' }
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- v& }$ |; V' F7 `1 M
19. Wearing of symbols, E* F/ V* g; w* v7 n: ^
20. Prayer and worship1 N# ^- G0 y3 [$ J v
21. Delivering symbolic objects
# j& Y! X1 a2 |# r, [$ n7 a* ` 22. Protest disrobings. r: f% x) k4 L6 f; N
23. Destruction of own property
. L. Y9 z$ ~) q1 u. I 24. Symbolic lights& I( ]( r; f$ r. t% c4 L. B; X. C
25. Displays of portraits" D0 N) z- M& ^ u0 G& `
26. Paint as protest
8 H' m; L! @2 A1 [- H 27. New signs and names
+ H. X* }( X7 M6 [) Q 28. Symbolic sounds
% L( a4 q, q7 Y. ?4 [ 29. Symbolic reclamations
! c' R/ q* o V5 S; ], k C% L 30. Rude gestures3 l( Q C+ m. }5 p& {8 r9 N. I
* B i% R! M0 @* H
Pressures on Individuals
: x: f" y( @: ]3 W, n 31. “Haunting” officials; `" v7 _8 {; T& c" o$ f: q
32. Taunting officials, Y r% n s, N* [
33. Fraternization
% r4 Z" ~9 G; P 34. Vigils
4 Q4 Z: g6 j+ ^3 A
4 j# z# K: E% F) x- G, w) t( \6 X1 s3 WDrama and Music
. W. D/ L& x0 g% L8 F7 b7 L 35. Humorous skits and pranks: z* q8 ?2 Y: r) e
36. Performances of plays and music9 U% K3 y2 h b' h( y
37. Singing
$ G7 n6 c! i6 ~+ w2 }" a5 }
' Z0 I: K P% B; ?; } p9 t) Q. {Processions- ^. n5 S/ T0 T! @6 i3 V
38. Marches
3 F' P- B1 k4 ~ [* T 39. Parades5 l, d3 w1 \1 g$ V; ]) i3 T
40. Religious processions
& L" a* A: q8 i$ W" W6 H 41. Pilgrimages
/ A5 L7 M, A$ n7 c 42. Motorcades
+ O: r8 \$ P7 {" w# v5 O
+ T- U) @( o, c9 J5 S% Y4 ]0 p% r! `Honoring the Dead
6 F! A4 A [8 V4 _( P, L 43. Political mourning
/ r8 C' h% v' q/ L! D* \ 44. Mock funerals
# f: @) T4 a8 B" L9 \; ? 45. Demonstrative funerals9 [5 b( E1 I1 h9 h5 \3 O
46. Homage at burial places. g. b# C! J( M" V* S
. b" x. r/ m& I6 @: X. K
Public Assemblies. r8 Y( y/ k6 x8 N
47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 J+ P8 K1 a8 a3 k, p 48. Protest meetings
6 z5 i l" o; B 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ Q9 d& m X; \! I. C 50. Teach-ins
2 o7 B9 c' B* q. E) e; P
r1 Q8 s8 Q- n; S- N3 MWithdrawal and Renunciation
3 i/ z D' N2 Y- r2 x" a- ~. k 51. Walk-outs K9 ~* q, [% N' K
52. Silence
( H) ?) _% O v; {0 A, [5 t# D 53. Renouncing honors& o4 G8 \" ~% _
54. Turning one’s back/ u0 }. D. c& o; S
, N9 F* e1 m: ^8 l! k & j2 O3 Q, p8 @* @" F
. O/ C- A$ A2 G5 q! DTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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8 ~' a/ A: }$ j' J* |8 m; j 2 s7 E$ o. }1 k& S" d
* n/ I& R. h9 D: w& _Ostracism of Persons w% s* b! p0 Z/ _5 Z2 x
55. Social boycott
0 R3 {9 n k5 H3 Q5 X 56. Selective social boycott( Z: n6 f$ D4 y4 Z: k$ u
57. Lysistratic nonaction
a, g& T8 o w) \" @6 h0 s 58. Excommunication+ |: b. v8 z( b2 S
59. Interdict
/ p& b0 L T" Y7 S
/ C5 k/ r# Y3 R- T1 }Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 g* u- Y9 C; `- l. u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities% R+ b8 K% q3 c6 i2 X) x! A
61. Boycott of social affairs) Y! K- e. u) r" u$ m R6 n. f
62. Student strike3 N$ h4 e! y$ Z* ^8 E7 s) @
63. Social disobedience" d" P r' ~- l- ~/ s
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 A; u. a) X3 ? g5 g# P# F+ `: C4 L
Withdrawal from the Social System0 B( g! Z/ S" b$ l9 M I
65. Stay-at-home0 y0 c; a3 n1 j! o1 e
66. Total personal noncooperation& P+ R! T) U3 a3 I, P$ `
67. “Flight” of workers G, T3 b8 U2 S6 c; D6 B
68. Sanctuary
+ i( s8 H7 U/ F* Z 69. Collective disappearance( m' V& t% F+ i }+ E- G `
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 ^3 s; Z4 S0 d) @/ H2 D
$ k/ _6 y& T& ? ) z$ K7 t" \; V6 P
1 X% g" k5 O+ T p. ]' Y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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. @ A1 i4 a2 A! T" L8 T 6 N, F1 A0 ^5 a" O& V
Actions by Consumers8 K- z7 ?% e/ u; h# C0 R" k
71. Consumers’ boycott; m8 u8 M4 ~ e' G
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 b# G! `+ C- y& ?9 Z# R; c
73. Policy of austerity) x( ~, W/ p/ `0 T
74. Rent withholding1 x, `- ~4 N* u5 D4 T
75. Refusal to rent$ o! G' b8 o- D
76. National consumers’ boycott y5 l9 ^- }5 V; N5 _1 {- o5 `' k
77. International consumers’ boycott0 k I% t4 w$ ^8 O
5 M. v/ E9 L4 ~- E3 y3 AAction by Workers and Producers6 v# B9 z% I& r# i/ P4 R
78. Workmen’s boycott
9 O7 T9 q9 W" R- p, r& N/ A9 s! Z 79. Producers’ boycott
' l) V1 y' J5 P2 Z+ M
n* u( t/ G% b( L o0 f7 ^Action by Middlemen/ _1 ]& O* Q! |& e' ~3 ^, B4 T
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! @& d7 G( a4 W( L2 `: Y l3 ^% O
B/ J% |6 Q& s$ f8 u* A; f6 s
Action by Owners and Management
" e7 X) H1 y" G+ Z8 r( J1 H' M) s 81. Traders’ boycott! ?* Q! q8 i. P" V
82. Refusal to let or sell property
# o4 `4 j' H- B' E) G 83. Lockout9 U, c' k. E4 T- y R
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) g2 g4 o4 ~! s/ G) ?7 L( a* V 85. Merchants’ “general strike”' l: @* B5 m9 m; _- ?7 p8 p
2 x$ f1 D) O. [7 ?- O
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
: z+ f8 r3 f/ Q- e! \5 [" v* q) Y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" z5 i% i! |3 U( ` 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" z P# X. N: B
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 t, e! f- o) Z3 p$ r! h 89. Severance of funds and credit
8 ?: Y6 Q% W/ i 90. Revenue refusal
0 y; f P% N, R1 ]. M 91. Refusal of a government’s money
7 ?. f/ C3 _ y( P! f" M
! Y. l6 R3 Y E. v. a# [% ~Action by Governments
! E7 ?4 i7 y4 g0 ~( E 92. Domestic embargo
. `3 S N* x+ w+ ]/ Z 93. Blacklisting of traders6 M) L2 K& l4 y
94. International sellers’ embargo" Z) N: b# `/ ~( S5 ^% j
95. International buyers’ embargo
* e9 l1 R" {; p7 P* y+ l 96. International trade embargo5 v+ C& f, C, a$ G8 P
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* L w& a, y# P _ P$ r) u6 H: }) S/ Y4 ]5 m/ t/ l' d ]8 o. i$ \0 M4 w L
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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5 ]$ a5 Y; v) W3 T# ~8 GSymbolic Strikes w; L2 a, l4 j2 L" q
97. Protest strike
7 x9 ?9 Z0 g; Q* W/ w- h 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 q4 M5 R0 h) ?9 e# Q
. g$ [3 h( t/ Y3 FAgricultural Strikes. t5 j: a; k1 ?( y6 F' Z# S/ x
99. Peasant strike1 h$ s8 S U& J- h8 M" z
100. Farm Workers’ strike, M @; i( A' B$ o8 d+ |
3 v8 H1 n! }8 m a5 c9 YStrikes by Special Groups1 B+ T' y+ B4 s1 A2 e
101. Refusal of impressed labor+ y' z1 G: t( \" U
102. Prisoners’ strike$ w; W# n& Z: t2 _/ G
103. Craft strike
' j$ z7 C" Y8 ]# v( b2 T 104. Professional strike8 A0 m; [3 `0 G: t7 B3 M, U, W
% m$ W: o8 L( o2 N* J5 s$ WOrdinary Industrial Strikes/ D1 E2 R; G0 B- j$ s; q# o4 q2 E
105. Establishment strike- ?4 U! r* w( v6 L" l) D _
106. Industry strike
5 I {, t7 z$ X+ q1 v. ? 107. Sympathetic strike
& I$ r1 x* w$ F- ~* V. z# R Q! |7 h. H3 q
Restricted Strikes
) u6 @/ |" y3 Q7 t6 Y" r7 l8 _& \ 108. Detailed strike o6 q ~# ]& l9 i8 U
109. Bumper strike. S5 v0 j) y0 m& W& _
110. Slowdown strike
$ q' C. E, [( r: s9 L* j 111. Working-to-rule strike
, V, \* E4 e6 L# R% G8 w 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
2 @3 I4 \/ J4 `* P+ j 113. Strike by resignation
- h# |& t3 U6 E+ P- @ 114. Limited strike
3 F0 ?- {* v1 n/ J+ d 115. Selective strike/ G4 Y9 e$ Z- b) T+ o6 O. q
+ n3 n9 }! t( \$ J GMulti-Industry Strikes+ b/ I& ~% V8 i- C& |) \
& p8 @! |& W# k9 }7 c6 G 116. Generalized strike
5 v3 P) G* B. Q/ r" n) s! U
l% K# @' n2 J, ]2 I1 s& ` 117. General strike. P9 s. J% o6 i. u$ Q
- I. m, q# P$ _, `& q' E' o: P$ F0 N
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 {7 m# W" [3 q; R9 `& K O# ?) T5 e' a
118. Hartal4 S a" L& x) Z5 y# U. ]- V
" o3 q* t/ r! d! [ 119. Economic shutdown
$ U: Z% f6 x. b9 d3 I3 h8 R/ X" h" t7 T9 Q( n
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* {, {: L. @" I. E/ { lTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION) A" j6 d0 x. c
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Rejection of Authority
( V) G) ]5 p1 q' [ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 h3 m; v! @# A+ n4 m 121. Refusal of public support
8 U6 a1 p/ P# W2 h 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) M- B8 A% q( K$ f' Y8 C( c" ?9 z! Z) l2 k7 c
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, D' _/ K+ p; f* R) } 123. Boycott of legislative bodies8 e; V% M. |. e) M- _" {
124. Boycott of elections! L3 `$ u9 A/ a3 x3 R
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" L$ d' D+ @/ T2 l- j. a0 e 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- ]* \4 c* U0 Q8 C2 t/ B 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# x( R* U3 n8 {# ?) R3 t
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 I8 o0 p# n4 v% T3 Q1 N+ p
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 ^0 n- F y8 V# Y0 | a
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
7 l U& T" O' k1 r' W+ G. Z8 V 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 b2 y9 `& w4 H! }3 r9 Z 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions3 `# y9 s% o! l! C0 m* V4 L5 s
0 Z) _. T; T( r5 @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* l9 H' `7 [) H6 k$ i& r0 p* x
133. Reluctant and slow compliance* H6 @) b0 @3 ?3 o
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" n2 Q0 C: [" g& O4 a
135. Popular nonobedience
0 e. c3 e5 i; ~; Y/ I$ j 136. Disguised disobedience7 j; H) A" N# w/ y
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. ?' L* R* @: ]+ z$ x# Z 138. Sitdown5 v& `# U; L& I- }
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" a# u. I$ G- a5 w- Y* N
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- H! `0 Z/ H; ~$ C
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
7 t x3 Y, Q" \3 o! p+ U' R4 a# G- X9 |5 b$ h! R2 F" g
Action by Government Personnel
) B) x+ ^! H8 T8 r/ z$ ~ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ d M# B9 N( \) {% m 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' O k1 M+ X, x+ u# j 144. Stalling and obstruction
' \) z [5 v6 o5 q' u 145. General administrative noncooperation% ~$ E* {% }2 w' t- a/ v. Q
* Q& \; ~# \- T 146. Judicial noncooperation
- b4 w% m$ J+ F9 a" u' T 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents, g( u* f! P! _4 h
148. Mutiny7 M& E6 t9 d# \" J5 w, d8 I
Domestic Governmental Action. H8 n1 ~, c- w& I( @ a$ w6 ^2 m
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 o% a5 g3 h% E+ R 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. [: S% r3 H4 D- _$ P5 h x" w: E$ R
International Governmental Action+ l' H m# g& [) A1 ]) P
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
: H/ @7 K$ ^) A: }7 h" Y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. u3 ^6 y9 d/ i, a
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition0 |% q A5 P: t6 m
154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 r {6 u) K1 e' C* |
155. Withdrawal from international organizations" T' E* r; U. Y$ I
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ f h }8 ?" ]0 d4 ~4 y' w 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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4 i) G7 o5 `. s0 p7 g4 ^7 vTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* g6 z# C; }! o' Z: ^) b
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/ E D2 {- M: `5 m. [+ M+ vPsychological Intervention
6 }6 N. q: |4 [8 q# c 158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 N; |: z3 n2 O$ {1 B u- u8 r- h 159. The fast
* ^; e* S$ @; B$ t+ F9 l a) Fast of moral pressure) F p# x7 o$ \ D
b) Hunger strike
5 ]* l* R( R, ~6 Z5 f2 X4 p* ` c) Satyagrahic fast1 S/ y! a( T/ q1 `
160. Reverse trial' \5 ?% Y# ~0 j8 f7 [: C; N* O
161. Nonviolent harassment
- t/ G- K" ?" I0 }" M- ?& C( I$ f4 ^9 {
Physical Intervention
4 B9 B8 \6 X; [+ O 162. Sit-in
; K7 Q/ D P6 j' G) z% G% K 163. Stand-in/ y7 Z! F; @1 n+ M
164. Ride-in
U: z7 V! T) l/ D& R 165. Wade-in
z% x# y9 C' ?% G$ [, \ 166. Mill-in
" g4 I1 g3 w! C0 H9 s3 x 167. Pray-in( O; L/ U; M& @8 r
168. Nonviolent raids% P' d( c. d* W' P! M' L& i
169. Nonviolent air raids8 ^5 t% f% H2 q, Y
170. Nonviolent invasion
8 E! H' S8 ~$ m; f- X; k9 Y7 Y 171. Nonviolent interjection# \4 b/ a! v. i$ T6 w1 U8 D) |/ X, j$ T- k
172. Nonviolent obstruction4 F, F% V; k9 |; z! E D" @8 @% ~/ @' p
173. Nonviolent occupation( ~2 Y; ?& l, Q! I3 b2 @
1 {' v' n& x) _3 T
Social Intervention* V4 K& _- [7 ?( D& S
174. Establishing new social patterns, x7 C4 D7 F* B7 R7 X
175. Overloading of facilities0 g+ y1 A, K+ a$ G3 m
176. Stall-in
2 F0 B* K+ N/ K$ L* \* Y( e 177. Speak-in- _2 ?. Y# I7 p; Q2 U4 D& a
178. Guerrilla theater F# N* T7 w1 h
179. Alternative social institutions
1 W3 U# C+ i5 T+ Z 180. Alternative communication system
$ A( P8 j6 w, W( N U% B+ e1 l2 W& k) V' `+ I2 f& u: L
Economic Intervention
* A1 x8 y2 J B& D 181. Reverse strike7 z" i J) j# t3 X% T: B
182. Stay-in strike- [. v/ X5 K) [
183. Nonviolent land seizure& J5 M. Q% j5 A4 l# R% `. ~
184. Defiance of blockades# L8 h+ j9 V% ? r& r
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 M/ R$ s6 N5 H1 Q
186. Preclusive purchasing
/ q1 ?( R# |0 q4 ^$ i 187. Seizure of assets
: s6 V2 d, w6 C$ e4 y* X2 ` 188. Dumping; I. t' O* \; @6 V
189. Selective patronage$ v# ~" {3 [$ f8 ~+ t! P p
190. Alternative markets9 n* o+ j4 a7 c- M$ Z
191. Alternative transportation systems2 y9 N; l# u- H6 ~: I. L' q$ m7 O
192. Alternative economic institutions
# m" }% l$ @0 K9 U! k) W$ b, y, O. s! a) `
Political Intervention
5 a- r# S/ B+ h, ~5 a2 o 193. Overloading of administrative systems: h( a6 N. A% U& s% r' |
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- K0 R5 H1 R! B3 [# L* U6 p* \* \
195. Seeking imprisonment
) T% M! ^9 g9 {: t8 F+ g& r3 F9 Q 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& u5 `) Z. O, J7 `8 m, f8 Y0 c
197. Work-on without collaboration/ b- w1 K5 ]% i0 ~6 \/ d) o
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government/ |5 R: o4 X t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
