 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% H& i9 {8 P* t( {! ^Formal Statements
; v$ ?+ ^$ c. z3 q% E* J8 w- \ 1. Public Speeches7 J: a2 X O9 U" {8 H
2. Letters of opposition or support
) t M1 |3 w1 l F) p8 z1 |( W 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, x! ?) I4 Z7 x+ B
4. Signed public statements
3 ^2 Q0 d9 L: E" D' r 5. Declarations of indictment and intention( v S# h/ d7 l+ K, z7 n
6. Group or mass petitions! [: ^3 v: Z F; A4 w9 ^+ r
: w0 Y. M& u" p; H! I
Communications with a Wider Audience
4 B" \( A& V$ v4 v9 B8 r* Q 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% r9 h3 B" ]6 R! T( ^$ H# B& d J 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 @6 H% x' \3 w7 ^; a 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 o) N2 ^) b, \/ c5 ]5 J 10. Newspapers and journals
- {7 B$ G+ f2 ?$ R 11. Records, radio, and television
' A; ]$ H" ]& e# z, T" n* p& | 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 w+ m$ t' ?6 ~. m$ u/ X% B" d; A8 d1 Q4 s
Group Representations& H1 y9 [) p# i3 I! _ c
13. Deputations
5 s2 v: c4 N- o3 ~- ~ 14. Mock awards
/ Q% P \4 }- Q6 P# i 15. Group lobbying
9 k. A6 Q$ Q# n1 l 16. Picketing& V2 \( w4 W: O2 I' L4 _
17. Mock elections
' w# h' t( }' f7 c
t! \ n/ ^# y% ]Symbolic Public Acts7 k+ D# [ K5 ^8 n
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, m4 e. q8 y; R, \ ` 19. Wearing of symbols
! ~! l; z! v2 D2 \ G; c& g% _ 20. Prayer and worship
7 r" x; V$ w6 h, B& w/ G4 E9 T; Q1 K 21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 a9 l* ?1 y' H8 t6 U. g. @ 22. Protest disrobings
5 A, r1 z0 q6 d2 ~) U R 23. Destruction of own property
8 R/ d; N# o: @: k. W 24. Symbolic lights
# z1 L- T7 U$ J! d5 h 25. Displays of portraits
( t. t; ^& }( t$ P# x" h 26. Paint as protest
$ H. r- `; b" ^: e9 ]/ | 27. New signs and names, o; I$ g# c( T
28. Symbolic sounds9 g- G' G6 ~! H v3 M: j
29. Symbolic reclamations
- g, X& V" A# x% O2 Q 30. Rude gestures
7 u1 T% Y8 G' c6 p2 J' ? E$ W& r |: l) J! U2 U
Pressures on Individuals' n/ j: e2 a) y/ F/ U8 _
31. “Haunting” officials
" `" E2 D1 u# ?% h! r4 Q$ I 32. Taunting officials6 x4 ~3 V( e5 L! Z
33. Fraternization% h4 \" x" I4 {
34. Vigils
+ t) o$ T! K# h( K v, W8 g) Y. }4 N0 K) z# S9 O
Drama and Music
$ J6 o1 b/ a$ W! V ` 35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 M, x. I: O- {5 S 36. Performances of plays and music
/ q- [1 l2 V) F! B 37. Singing
2 U/ ?% K4 W' g3 k, Z7 X7 q4 [
$ \" }7 h" Y; c: p$ p( SProcessions
. }' W- m- S6 |) P# J H/ k 38. Marches
1 e4 ]$ Z1 B9 g. N9 k 39. Parades$ b$ t p: j8 S+ `% t* Q
40. Religious processions
3 R* E5 S8 R+ m( S1 L# N 41. Pilgrimages
7 K+ N. ?$ _( V& r: \1 A 42. Motorcades
7 d" l. ?; O+ n/ J& }" ^2 \, l* X+ _! E$ N @8 }2 }# e) g
Honoring the Dead
0 Q7 p2 {# J0 g: j. Z) O) v5 X 43. Political mourning
+ {8 ^; z. J+ H, W1 O. |& a4 W% \ 44. Mock funerals
F9 K J' i% D ? 45. Demonstrative funerals
! ?9 @( K) Q+ h 46. Homage at burial places i6 b3 H. y' i8 e7 x0 g% v
6 Z, Y$ F% d! E8 x! _% L5 B
Public Assemblies
' X. ?4 V$ g7 w9 Q& s% J; w 47. Assemblies of protest or support8 m! f* P" @0 J& [5 _# ~
48. Protest meetings
# q4 G9 h1 o; {: x5 f1 k( m& X 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& ~4 [0 G) P/ [! w3 t6 p
50. Teach-ins% G( m6 I1 m4 a/ |
2 y u5 R7 m- c# R/ LWithdrawal and Renunciation
S, E1 u" d& R6 l# {/ D: t% A( G 51. Walk-outs
8 O8 I! T1 Q: f+ R& R0 h+ n. L/ K 52. Silence
1 p) A: I$ H& x: G 53. Renouncing honors' M! }, w( q: A9 L6 b
54. Turning one’s back6 o- F; r; [, v- M4 k& N
+ o3 f6 c9 _( E" M S- R' p3 a7 E
" ]; f5 c" Z# V, O; A$ F
! A" V9 p1 k3 U7 w8 Z* TTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
3 ^% `/ A% y+ h y
7 y1 h/ \" i+ Z) l- o 8 J4 w9 S+ {) ^5 P/ i, l
) v4 r# }. }- P$ H% ~0 V, J O' J. ~/ cOstracism of Persons
# N7 F6 I- f2 t8 q# u* w; t 55. Social boycott* n8 _: H3 y# `. L# G! c
56. Selective social boycott8 u2 R" c0 ~. P0 l$ K$ b9 G
57. Lysistratic nonaction6 |( Q& j7 B- f/ l( g. l
58. Excommunication: W# x" w. P2 _/ Z3 G. [2 l
59. Interdict' V2 D, Z G; _# v1 g4 u* t
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ Y) X8 c* s/ Q6 W" X* Y. J P 60. Suspension of social and sports activities' l1 p3 N; |/ @
61. Boycott of social affairs
+ v( b% o9 m2 V) e: W# U 62. Student strike
9 W% J0 w- }% x L! j8 \: ]9 R5 ?. M 63. Social disobedience
3 P/ w, }; R J4 U 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
+ Z9 O4 Y ]" v. U; q+ z" ^
# p& J& a2 T/ ?) CWithdrawal from the Social System* Y4 O4 l* y9 H4 u8 p
65. Stay-at-home' E) \. n% k J8 z# Q. A9 a
66. Total personal noncooperation' W) O4 G& V& k. ~) L+ c
67. “Flight” of workers+ A9 ]4 d( J+ M* b, Z. g, G
68. Sanctuary
" B0 N* m9 ]( R9 V m) y b/ c 69. Collective disappearance" O, X6 t6 _1 J
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 \% |9 |0 J9 }4 z K
! k7 R7 j' }4 a/ J X/ M
( b$ N$ v* f. L' ]# NActions by Consumers
5 d0 ?6 e! m# S m& ` 71. Consumers’ boycott, K0 Z( S( L4 K# g Z" ^" Z
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, N2 b; a) G0 p3 |
73. Policy of austerity
+ k# C. M2 C6 j J- C! h' R 74. Rent withholding
3 o% H$ j# s- v( |2 C 75. Refusal to rent+ s0 C5 i! C. v- W `
76. National consumers’ boycott l. w* U# `& i4 m) R: M
77. International consumers’ boycott5 B3 X' Z: {: A
6 X( d7 o* I2 I5 z# E- A- N0 \
Action by Workers and Producers- `/ Q) l( L; B( h6 I3 O; @
78. Workmen’s boycott/ f7 i1 X8 ~+ S& r
79. Producers’ boycott
' I5 Y K1 v' G4 t, N/ R2 j4 @' n. ]$ S
Action by Middlemen" H- s) l: X; m/ C5 B
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: B3 g* ^5 w0 b+ \; j0 H2 s; F
; l5 Z# Q" A4 ]- dAction by Owners and Management
' B' V8 L7 d6 F5 d6 x 81. Traders’ boycott
, x$ C5 _2 H9 `2 V* j2 a 82. Refusal to let or sell property
8 k3 u: t0 q+ ]/ M 83. Lockout
2 A6 X2 s# v/ v3 `( G 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
% z* [; k0 b: m, |$ v$ t: n; g 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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' O) S8 U% y/ B4 i; ~7 Y- EAction by Holders of Financial Resources. W3 s4 M, [- @
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits4 W0 x1 ~, `9 W
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, e: R4 G$ @( b' c( H5 l. F6 f% k
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 q, C7 e# ~$ X 89. Severance of funds and credit# {. D4 R7 y' R( B2 l3 P
90. Revenue refusal
" R( I4 t+ b4 Q6 z$ H; l 91. Refusal of a government’s money
/ n4 V; q6 W. z1 f+ ]9 X m5 M! ^% x" u/ v, r: s5 X- T9 g/ y
Action by Governments
3 E: Z2 d: r8 M+ q) z c$ @" t 92. Domestic embargo" i, Q. w$ {- f3 U+ n8 r
93. Blacklisting of traders
$ g) l$ a: P( S1 {. G$ A8 l, j2 a2 Q* j: g 94. International sellers’ embargo
6 ?# n( i$ l# U1 j$ j% [; x 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 I3 p# k* J( S* k( X$ c- ]4 o 96. International trade embargo1 B/ _' F& Y# w! v1 l& y; ^3 S; L# @7 C
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/ v1 b9 K# {) o( F( }2 u! i9 qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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* q. ]4 a5 B) k$ n$ c
Symbolic Strikes
4 V$ Y8 H/ {3 p* h6 q1 d+ N! o" r 97. Protest strike
Q+ j+ B5 I8 G, ]% z4 | 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* d3 o) ~4 {% A
/ ~+ @4 ^6 Z5 q8 o6 |0 K" e( m F
Agricultural Strikes
' {# N; @" L* ?6 \ u* A2 h 99. Peasant strike& V3 }7 r, Q2 P! a
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 n& ^$ ^7 H; ~+ L; G
* w* z/ d2 e7 @3 M# i* C* c6 k$ w% Z
Strikes by Special Groups. a$ {. K& s+ l7 v( _9 U# W, E
101. Refusal of impressed labor
, r) P# J, {' G& |4 o$ a$ ^ 102. Prisoners’ strike# y# @) }0 t) T' v/ R+ l
103. Craft strike
' o3 k- F: E8 b, l% k 104. Professional strike
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& } r7 T. R9 P- {4 dOrdinary Industrial Strikes) O* ]1 q2 X7 \5 q* |
105. Establishment strike
, A3 Y: e9 b$ p" [7 n' V c) z 106. Industry strike
! O: n6 X4 p: H: C% K 107. Sympathetic strike2 f. E9 b6 `5 Y) E& {# O- v$ o3 ~, D
2 s. a( Y! f) t0 O; ZRestricted Strikes+ b, v- k$ d) H( n
108. Detailed strike& K2 q' e$ N/ c, [
109. Bumper strike
" G' q. {. A9 Z6 P 110. Slowdown strike
3 C0 H0 ?5 M4 ^6 `" Q { 111. Working-to-rule strike
" E5 ~7 ?. m' j* ~) g 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 @1 F# T! h, A8 a+ y+ O1 U6 q 113. Strike by resignation
4 ~. c& C% ^/ _1 c$ l5 l 114. Limited strike
* K( d8 D) B( ~/ N 115. Selective strike
t. q. k3 A) d% q( v. r
, U) G) ?2 O* v9 c& `8 S9 JMulti-Industry Strikes
9 F$ A, ?4 F; F! R* P; g* l2 R. i% T
1 q9 R5 p" i! s; A 116. Generalized strike0 @0 X$ O, a% S+ C2 z8 z0 z; l- @
8 v9 x( M0 n8 h4 x- N' r6 v! A- L 117. General strike2 x4 C: E6 B1 H5 H
& `7 e5 R( Q( rCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 z# ]; U: s, x5 r2 i# ?: Q; s
8 B: N& r6 J1 U" l6 m
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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9 k6 L! U: r1 W2 |: sTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' R+ w( A& t: ~& ?$ Z
{7 x9 B: z$ Q6 R
2 H% F9 m& L+ D3 o1 DRejection of Authority
- r4 ?, w# F/ r0 l. l. r7 c7 d 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" k+ c2 [$ ^# D6 f0 d2 _; G 121. Refusal of public support) s2 W' V# s. V& @
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. a# q. v% L0 d3 X
/ c; b: Q: e. i+ c) p* K4 DCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) E# Z8 |; S$ u# {8 s: L% G 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; Z, N2 G: y3 k! I% H0 }! e2 l7 U
124. Boycott of elections# p" H/ L* f" h4 M% U& }
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 d$ E# A* s1 i- t' n 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 c3 P: ^& ~2 Y8 ^0 w2 v 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
/ G" n$ W# l" K0 z* G 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; O9 ]& A d4 D/ O
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( Z& X7 c; \$ o" E; C* { 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% C: z+ q) t2 d3 F$ |! b
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
* m" Q, ?# J) ?2 B* D9 C9 l 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions2 d& G9 @5 F' O2 y7 H! _
% q7 s' ]# W2 {3 }1 t0 i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 C9 K/ S q, n0 \. \ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, O6 W" c; I/ `) l$ u& x( d0 m 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
|5 x. Q7 t: } 135. Popular nonobedience4 Q- z+ N: q6 x) \, X/ R! \0 D6 z5 Q( L
136. Disguised disobedience& n- `$ Y. D9 g' Z! R- {- A
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! o1 M+ r" y8 {5 Z( f 138. Sitdown
2 B! O8 H3 i2 O% v: Y3 ]/ E 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! F8 n/ E- F+ u/ T' l+ }
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; f2 t# u. D5 ?/ s0 L; C3 ^ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 m7 h- W* c' p# w7 c. D$ u
1 w" v8 \9 a; }4 U- h2 N1 ]Action by Government Personnel+ q7 i, }( o- V- ?
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% _; ~5 q$ T8 ?
143. Blocking of lines of command and information* `8 \1 W4 @+ L" ?* ?
144. Stalling and obstruction' h/ Z) h& ?1 F4 r7 V7 I# d
145. General administrative noncooperation
+ _5 g$ O9 E" \- K- A2 _7 p# r9 m' n i5 P6 D
146. Judicial noncooperation- v. v, w+ T* `4 A0 H0 _
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. b. v* d9 y$ c$ T) V. B" n 148. Mutiny
# [! W/ y$ J+ `+ J( EDomestic Governmental Action$ j: }) j1 S# U& H. [0 L
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 x: F. D7 `1 k+ v0 d3 h& o 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units* V3 X( `# C5 m2 k+ f) _5 v6 T
0 H) W2 l8 J7 E& @+ S6 Z" O K( p
International Governmental Action
5 P4 N8 ?' o! @+ z8 j9 y6 E. Z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 @" B i5 e2 Z- f5 X: Y0 U2 U$ K 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ E6 a6 ^, T' \) K# L! ^( K m2 N 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 w4 h |7 T- C: d
154. Severance of diplomatic relations1 i5 B# | w7 g- e2 q7 Y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ {* y+ {, }/ e/ r, B2 V" E
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- E+ N) e$ ~- }! `* C* p 157. Expulsion from international organizations3 ?7 x+ u [2 p% b5 J+ ~
! c1 v5 c* k) M" e3 Z- ?
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5 I# E% q+ s: E) o9 k& P5 E5 m6 q
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' `! p" |3 O& b' M6 c" a
8 q* i+ j8 {7 s! x ) _$ e# m" D) z$ q. n' b7 g- |
Psychological Intervention! i4 O7 Q1 l; B2 L; j; n1 p
158. Self-exposure to the elements
& ` o% Y9 v( _- x& {; h" u- q 159. The fast. X7 t( a) B1 f( H8 c' t
a) Fast of moral pressure: M. @& i* {8 t0 d! s
b) Hunger strike. r9 G s2 n- n Q
c) Satyagrahic fast! ` v" x, U9 ~: e! @
160. Reverse trial
7 O- s: v3 j s( T8 ? 161. Nonviolent harassment9 S( K% Y, V' ^. g- k9 B) j
" i& z/ g' U3 W5 _
Physical Intervention1 x. J( d0 r/ d" T( D
162. Sit-in
8 i) N5 @+ @6 g 163. Stand-in% h% Q6 s. h/ T
164. Ride-in3 B9 f; V" D' X8 J6 W5 H0 v
165. Wade-in7 v! F* Y& F g, B
166. Mill-in
9 s: w+ L& _* W4 r B# V 167. Pray-in4 S# l( h; \, U& l
168. Nonviolent raids
5 F0 }0 ?* r6 `# a% |; q 169. Nonviolent air raids
! K M9 N4 G9 n- L 170. Nonviolent invasion% o" i; c" U X& H! `' O+ t6 n
171. Nonviolent interjection
, C W" U* i$ s1 ` E; {/ f 172. Nonviolent obstruction* Q# t: k8 W$ n0 m% p
173. Nonviolent occupation
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" R/ B; |; k3 v! W! y# GSocial Intervention: K, d& a) N Z% O8 [' w* `
174. Establishing new social patterns0 G7 J4 K( ~* n( s& `# _
175. Overloading of facilities% `2 h: g1 I+ R: M
176. Stall-in
6 s4 j/ K: L6 [6 A2 ~: N 177. Speak-in' t W, L2 L% {6 p8 X5 V
178. Guerrilla theater7 g- ?7 z2 g) e& X3 J
179. Alternative social institutions
`: I ?2 m3 ]! _ 180. Alternative communication system# m* r; n' t1 @) s! [: a1 H
. ~' e9 C& a- r& f0 h L7 Z7 e3 SEconomic Intervention4 y6 Z5 m8 B+ R+ w
181. Reverse strike% y7 Z; V7 c7 E! W
182. Stay-in strike1 Y8 a, c3 k+ {0 ~4 z! p
183. Nonviolent land seizure; G' l2 S" U5 u( a: `: g) b0 m
184. Defiance of blockades
/ X% s" ~2 p! Z F- Z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: @+ l7 ~: ~' N/ ^3 v: c6 | 186. Preclusive purchasing( W0 c" f- Y& l& Z* v' J+ R7 U
187. Seizure of assets: l4 ^" ~' \3 D- C6 ]2 x
188. Dumping% O7 F: k" ^( q4 `0 B
189. Selective patronage" H2 |0 i# P5 f Z( [. e9 R
190. Alternative markets G8 h# H. B" R3 S3 [
191. Alternative transportation systems
' @0 r2 _' E c7 P 192. Alternative economic institutions; k- Y- v# d$ C+ N+ k
; h" Q+ k. L8 O4 z
Political Intervention
, A7 s2 w9 ]" A' K. c# Y; N& b 193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 `5 `# K/ O* o3 W0 G 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 J; r( r4 G' G5 k, }& o% l' o& C/ l
195. Seeking imprisonment; K& j: m! ?1 x! v
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, @( k: G1 r! l0 }" V2 ` 197. Work-on without collaboration
! Y) Z% O2 `8 A: J5 v& k) r 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
