 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. d* r: F6 M& F. i2 l/ E- j' F
Formal Statements
! W6 u" o, q2 ?9 f 1. Public Speeches" _7 L" `4 \$ T/ c' ?. E: H9 n! q
2. Letters of opposition or support! G, H! j( z: D+ q2 v
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! A8 N. z4 G& `4 K2 d7 @. a0 ` 4. Signed public statements
k4 U- e5 Q& \; B, ?: z) J o 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 a) w L+ V0 Y7 D" P! L5 { 6. Group or mass petitions
; d5 v# e3 J |8 v' M+ q" r1 s# T, a' y c
Communications with a Wider Audience
: w' ?- M ?. C; X 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; V5 N" X1 z/ P1 A# | Q
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications4 Y( `- `2 }# e$ u2 U1 Z7 c
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 B2 h, y" h5 P, q 10. Newspapers and journals
3 s. V8 g( `5 _, {( C+ o+ Y 11. Records, radio, and television8 F- n* ~$ ~, e2 M3 y2 @9 ^: z/ Y) R3 W
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ ^" A" }, \9 \# ^, i' H. `
s7 C( h/ y: G8 @' L. a5 K6 QGroup Representations* W- m! n( p: o0 E% V
13. Deputations/ A' n6 z7 Q) B/ G) H9 `
14. Mock awards
8 }3 G" [2 x5 k5 S2 M$ ^, c( B6 R 15. Group lobbying
" Y; r3 h1 m1 O& X2 l6 n 16. Picketing
5 |' F- D" O- L2 w; K/ i- O 17. Mock elections9 d) _4 S5 J* t: u. h. Y+ r
1 N7 o7 @# `: @Symbolic Public Acts
' g, H" @5 N2 u7 ~6 y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 ^2 F2 f c3 \- d! [ 19. Wearing of symbols; m7 X6 \0 ~5 Z/ d
20. Prayer and worship, ~! k7 H% }/ O/ H- P
21. Delivering symbolic objects* \0 D, B! ]& l' D
22. Protest disrobings. E6 p5 |) ?( Z: W
23. Destruction of own property
2 ?5 i% q$ U1 q& h1 Z: q0 U: r# a 24. Symbolic lights& e A+ U' g, q: s+ [" H
25. Displays of portraits$ }8 }6 n" a- G" w- L/ O) z) c
26. Paint as protest
5 j* a8 | m5 P; ~7 B4 d# j 27. New signs and names1 h4 Z, i+ U, {" w( I
28. Symbolic sounds
& S) C; N" m# y" Y" v 29. Symbolic reclamations1 S2 v: s% a; f p7 C c( D; R' y
30. Rude gestures/ R& N- c8 L; r: U3 t; |0 P% e& {
4 ^) j6 p. U, z( b3 kPressures on Individuals
/ s/ }: G N" _7 ` 31. “Haunting” officials
- c4 ]5 ]/ ~$ w% h* W 32. Taunting officials
1 O) O* E. R. A- z/ M4 N( @ 33. Fraternization1 y7 J. C2 N4 l: ]0 J- I
34. Vigils
' R6 q& z( x" g# V
' R! E Z3 o( UDrama and Music) o5 W& z3 g. T5 H0 {+ A" @8 z
35. Humorous skits and pranks, e, N6 Y; F& S- w0 x: L$ F' L8 J
36. Performances of plays and music
9 M2 X& ?6 M0 t1 Q6 b* j# g 37. Singing/ R! T, ^ M9 R' B M ~
" a$ m7 q {% D& _& ^8 Q( |Processions
( {, P6 P+ g# E 38. Marches
' f8 O2 v8 k0 u 39. Parades
1 J* Y6 q+ M* U; b 40. Religious processions
; J) u. }* `. P 41. Pilgrimages4 @+ z. F7 a6 E* Y% C$ X
42. Motorcades7 C' u1 i2 n' _6 U* L2 m' y, _+ n
1 |1 c8 M# z: v+ q2 Q. K1 OHonoring the Dead
% A& J6 E1 V Y, [& w 43. Political mourning- G% K' V: ~4 r& Y( ]
44. Mock funerals% a, x# u7 U: p2 ? g
45. Demonstrative funerals' _! G6 k* j* `* p( u
46. Homage at burial places
, Z0 ^) p4 n1 A! W6 B' z0 S& o/ [5 |: O; X) `* e7 i7 R& j
Public Assemblies; J8 \% o5 O' O- V3 o; b( N
47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 \, R7 n: I1 q8 M3 x) x8 }; G1 @ 48. Protest meetings1 j* N( {" q$ P7 U1 S
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- t3 r- a5 H ?& ^2 e$ J' r
50. Teach-ins5 q" u+ Z- m- Y o: ]0 q
0 e- c% r0 U) P- V6 m
Withdrawal and Renunciation# d9 c& S' F1 N s
51. Walk-outs' y9 t5 r% Z* \' w# ^
52. Silence+ _( s; T* A6 ^! e8 n) p" u
53. Renouncing honors/ K3 P1 i" N* P4 Z3 @1 U
54. Turning one’s back: v4 O& ]- ?( y8 d7 C }
* @6 t, F8 u3 d1 l$ w) K - H2 m* B: h0 F9 W4 K5 D
( m1 _ k( j1 @- s& R: Q! H5 k
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: a2 p6 j$ `' f' p! P
! E( h0 F# @! w1 {2 E% b 4 P5 P7 x" p6 p1 _7 N
% W; }$ ^& Q* R' lOstracism of Persons$ j: G. l& K& d; e0 L I9 w% u
55. Social boycott
1 k' M/ c1 m1 f8 l4 @ 56. Selective social boycott$ D1 G Y6 w7 t& F! }4 U
57. Lysistratic nonaction( l3 O7 O7 p% t. a: Z+ n* l
58. Excommunication5 v% c* N h$ E9 F4 ?) f, D$ w
59. Interdict
4 v: m- d6 [- L j# U, `. U- Q1 O
9 W. n! F% s" c: Z3 u3 a' YNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ R2 H) K- ~; b0 E, O( @3 S 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 U( O5 d" D7 I5 H0 k; ] 61. Boycott of social affairs1 M( q% A9 M' o7 D, \5 c
62. Student strike5 M; S+ K" b1 q1 u$ _/ S1 z8 Z$ U
63. Social disobedience
: n4 S- p. p* p) w 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 w1 z) s7 \3 y
8 w6 j) r q0 { t& A( V8 |1 uWithdrawal from the Social System
% c' k0 M/ {. M9 R& u1 u8 l5 L 65. Stay-at-home3 u; g! F+ w0 g& x
66. Total personal noncooperation
. Q% d) W! ~) y! ] l) Z/ S 67. “Flight” of workers
5 P/ U" a9 o4 C* b# z( m1 K' } 68. Sanctuary
9 I$ e* ^4 q0 I. R* ]3 g6 U 69. Collective disappearance3 Y4 v3 d" l% J+ Y1 [& }! l; P
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
6 f* h9 }" @8 [2 T. R4 w3 R. a2 S; f
! a6 Y8 W1 }0 W. k, Y. {3 v: ]# }& [; p& U( m
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS o( Q ]0 K; \# G( G
5 U* v( B) k: ~% U8 Z
6 h% e" s& C+ ~3 @3 S+ cActions by Consumers
: R( ?0 Q, ^! m' W- r' F 71. Consumers’ boycott: R. `; H1 B2 y9 _
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( y1 s7 m6 S. D% a; i
73. Policy of austerity
( M4 f3 V2 G, }4 z( Z; Z% C. s, ` 74. Rent withholding
: i& `& ^ r: L+ T 75. Refusal to rent& W. I# Z0 ]* l/ T4 w
76. National consumers’ boycott9 @* m" }) E- x4 c( O, M, z4 t; N4 f
77. International consumers’ boycott/ h) [. P L. c' V# I: b
6 W- }4 i1 F+ v& B% bAction by Workers and Producers5 w$ n R- G1 |: y, o3 |. x" V
78. Workmen’s boycott
8 o+ ?; x8 \) v s! U6 s 79. Producers’ boycott
% d% f9 P( c6 e% _& m; C2 J
, `! b; @( E' M8 }( G" wAction by Middlemen& K4 F: B2 b" l- _1 A% F* T* S: b, c: g
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
- A& f# g. N6 [/ K9 w9 \- P. H! ?* ]* ^( H( ?
Action by Owners and Management
5 N! Z$ e e: _9 ^6 _8 u$ P! _ 81. Traders’ boycott
4 i; L- q" _7 y* e; x 82. Refusal to let or sell property1 [+ T8 E6 C/ H. @ X8 ^! w0 o
83. Lockout3 j! L v5 l+ h4 T1 @
84. Refusal of industrial assistance% r5 G+ a4 p# {9 ~' V* P5 S: y" U
85. Merchants’ “general strike”& T8 N6 E+ [1 S& x. m% f. s* x/ C2 }
+ g+ o. i' l+ L5 E9 D
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
; {# ^4 b) C% T5 T+ b) h 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 a3 g* P8 v! P2 }! ] 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! b3 e5 i. n8 q/ `
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: X9 R" v- `4 l7 {/ }
89. Severance of funds and credit1 _3 Z; c4 ~# V5 @
90. Revenue refusal
^% ?: v2 \8 \/ {) y6 v 91. Refusal of a government’s money* B. N7 _7 m" j+ C
( B+ j$ [0 i* G5 v* ^, z
Action by Governments0 e) j- C1 m% [: u( H1 E+ e
92. Domestic embargo
, U7 V* J( G0 s$ W' b 93. Blacklisting of traders- e1 n/ ]: U G9 f' w, D
94. International sellers’ embargo$ C6 V' l9 L/ e$ v6 E
95. International buyers’ embargo' u2 V$ H0 j$ Z1 w" B* W/ D$ f0 G
96. International trade embargo
: e5 r3 l* y/ O ^' @% Z: R& }/ k+ j* w* i, D
5 f, O# I5 v5 B D! q
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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, S( k3 g8 Z8 q, ySymbolic Strikes/ H! {+ _( q. ~: t( I# G
97. Protest strike$ F1 d6 u: P" M- l* J- l7 a
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ \$ }7 y' F: f v
2 ~. T+ J6 Y( K, ^6 W
Agricultural Strikes
2 q" v0 ?( F6 W" d 99. Peasant strike% A& s3 L% O8 P
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ A B% g- t& j3 G M
$ [# \3 k( M* m& e1 d1 D4 R5 `, }Strikes by Special Groups& ]; ` o3 }9 t: B
101. Refusal of impressed labor& c, E1 y4 v& V0 N2 }: r
102. Prisoners’ strike
/ [* h7 K) t& K6 l 103. Craft strike. L" j7 W' Z8 [
104. Professional strike
6 l: [5 r5 h. o
( } D* a9 C8 s7 M: ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes% P4 x; _2 r, J7 K. ~+ ^
105. Establishment strike9 _3 ?! `) `5 L. N( z+ f9 F/ d
106. Industry strike
* @, ^" l- L2 J 107. Sympathetic strike
5 r9 d- [; E/ ]2 K0 b; x- E- G4 |2 ?1 J7 x
Restricted Strikes
D2 J" J3 n- a 108. Detailed strike9 [) [$ \0 o/ D
109. Bumper strike
, w$ I) o2 }9 D) j* k! h 110. Slowdown strike
9 q# Y( d1 G2 ~, H+ | 111. Working-to-rule strike
) z! j, g- G) [; J4 v" J' U 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 R3 P( l/ C! H( R
113. Strike by resignation% y1 q) k+ g/ ~' K2 c+ c
114. Limited strike
; J1 R# l) `4 z8 A1 G( ]( b8 f 115. Selective strike
5 C2 X0 f, L7 i* z" P' B$ A. S+ J
& s5 [: l9 x, I, ^2 IMulti-Industry Strikes; }! j" c' Y# V
$ [/ O+ c! @6 ?( h, c0 z; Y) ^
116. Generalized strike' o; J6 `4 b. Y" u
2 S. y1 M; r3 G
117. General strike
# |! }/ p7 L, _+ L1 U3 [# }
/ y; d0 Q* n7 B0 h- ECombination of Strikes and Economic Closures' b* Z/ s3 w! d7 I' v
- x4 R; D F2 Z' _7 t 118. Hartal
! \& ?& A* `5 h' K; \9 x
- l' s' f) P* Z 119. Economic shutdown
7 b) j% ?7 V/ I: a6 {9 I
7 |6 Y& W. c7 F4 ?6 M! R
" `8 R' K$ P* l& L6 `% V
$ `# G4 S8 I/ ]5 k+ D! ^# hTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 e0 X' ^5 K' N+ v8 n4 U5 ?
& h, W. [6 u! u( Z" \7 ~5 H$ t
! b" n! P) C/ P' _: b! T QRejection of Authority8 T- N) X- e) m# x w
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 k; S3 ~0 w4 I5 G5 T 121. Refusal of public support6 _1 C: o7 h4 D; M2 G
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ L& j9 v$ m9 L8 l4 H1 s
. {$ K% q5 ?0 P1 c6 K" C
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
! N" V% J' Y. Z! F( m 123. Boycott of legislative bodies- f5 ~7 \& X9 y+ v# P
124. Boycott of elections
; |) {2 @( y7 S9 g `9 X5 Z c' o 125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 b2 P/ v9 p+ j( u& V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 R3 X: v$ w' G$ X3 M6 C5 c# s( @; G 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* \$ A; e% C) ]" t" l" t 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" T2 S8 }7 p, c
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 D7 }$ C8 _9 _/ g8 N 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 B9 ^' F) y4 o* c5 d: M' g 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. w9 U( W3 x6 y. l5 @' n# Z/ U 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 E3 v6 R& Z( a- S* F `
' j3 W X# H$ QCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& q3 ]) ^3 y( C 133. Reluctant and slow compliance; S% N+ ^# q2 u* @
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
0 q' b% g1 E H" M. Q+ o 135. Popular nonobedience
& w: f, g' j( `3 B( U T 136. Disguised disobedience
; X! P' ]; U1 l4 a9 P 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, B# M# `0 x1 |3 [% d
138. Sitdown
g7 t8 M& H: O 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation9 B/ [/ U4 L/ D2 |; b1 W! A9 ^
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ _, i' F9 G. S5 H& I 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 ?% |4 {; l1 r/ o
, W+ H; e. W2 h) C3 _Action by Government Personnel
4 d7 A) {! z5 Y, R/ F 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% P$ J0 E' f/ {
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
, j. A9 |8 U; L& s 144. Stalling and obstruction
( v+ q+ Z5 e/ T/ \/ q7 L' j 145. General administrative noncooperation6 d3 k+ n7 P- _ \
& v K; |' W& E: S* a
146. Judicial noncooperation; z( y+ C7 T( p7 ?0 I' o4 K
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) Z4 U# B# t: X8 o" L2 a
148. Mutiny* O/ q+ c6 {" _# g) Y
Domestic Governmental Action
$ f* ?: W U4 O W0 q# ~: q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 u" i( d H2 W# S9 H+ V) Z$ G
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# q8 b! [. X6 l( \" c5 f0 Y2 \
! O+ L4 j- J, ], g# o+ X" i
International Governmental Action/ i( n. ]- U F1 k0 F# {- w$ x
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations D% T) S/ n7 s% G4 u% T' @
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
I# f5 r5 t3 Y( L) w 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
O; |3 i0 K. ]1 }* ~ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations. z5 H' @$ N6 {4 J" N
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
) l: e2 }/ c4 M; ~+ c 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 V3 K( s5 y; n 157. Expulsion from international organizations: L7 K: t0 [0 c7 v* O
' V {, c! r; g [, g7 x H- A
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 T4 D2 v% s: r5 z3 c
3 n5 ]# e/ C' U/ i0 J# e7 M- s* D( q 0 g' b8 \$ [. f' J
Psychological Intervention
% N% A6 a: ^2 c; _/ T 158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 i' V3 I: W% f% c% p 159. The fast
: ~& E3 R$ _0 v I' B a) Fast of moral pressure
7 F* }* K2 \7 E! M- r+ V b) Hunger strike
% d' A( n9 p* Z6 [% J c) Satyagrahic fast
' m1 y4 P1 g, O8 v6 Q# F- t 160. Reverse trial
( w6 e9 N: }9 [$ K9 O 161. Nonviolent harassment
5 O9 {* m& {; K! m$ ]; q2 B: l% F. Z* Q6 \7 `, k. h
Physical Intervention! a' l: {5 r( o& z r
162. Sit-in
; A- b1 V2 \; b Q8 D' m3 w+ f/ } 163. Stand-in4 F+ h$ X3 ~8 n. z: a
164. Ride-in( _2 p; U8 d+ t" a& p; E" d
165. Wade-in
& Q# Y' i4 Z9 f* X% Q 166. Mill-in
% N2 I. O# n3 R8 r7 i3 E 167. Pray-in/ L1 m: y# _8 q/ I7 \8 a6 _
168. Nonviolent raids: j" }1 q0 D) X, ^( _* e: X4 B
169. Nonviolent air raids5 [# w/ i- ~/ S8 ?0 c: u
170. Nonviolent invasion
2 d n- r' ]! w& T! F0 j3 k 171. Nonviolent interjection
5 k" Y* Q. v% a g& y8 F 172. Nonviolent obstruction
: A6 d" n- Q9 R 173. Nonviolent occupation4 \$ f, ~& h$ f5 f
/ O* s% C/ j' G- h0 KSocial Intervention6 J/ F& B7 ]* U8 J# b! J
174. Establishing new social patterns1 H- R, l: N6 _" h& E! ~: U' v
175. Overloading of facilities
4 B" J! \4 H) m4 l1 q+ L T( C) y. f( } 176. Stall-in
% |% N& \ U, d8 l 177. Speak-in. j/ q! s+ F. E
178. Guerrilla theater
- @* x. z6 J0 a2 Q1 G% | 179. Alternative social institutions; @+ G% }$ t! n/ ?9 r! I
180. Alternative communication system
8 v# }1 X H& Z) `0 [$ _
5 g5 N- B0 w) `# ^$ F1 `Economic Intervention7 {3 y1 _3 A0 e. a$ X: W/ J6 b
181. Reverse strike
+ q; t9 G2 Z& A P! F' b9 I7 U0 S 182. Stay-in strike
T4 M( r( N3 I# j3 `+ n) z 183. Nonviolent land seizure% q5 z) X2 e( F) u
184. Defiance of blockades
& k0 q3 s- k" @$ y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 i( g( `3 [: B1 }/ H 186. Preclusive purchasing& o6 m5 c- V$ \, d* |
187. Seizure of assets
* v' g2 O+ v6 P* q4 V 188. Dumping2 N9 Y+ l8 }9 Z H3 U
189. Selective patronage1 R6 t$ N4 A( I% }3 b
190. Alternative markets1 [" |3 U- U5 Q8 v/ s
191. Alternative transportation systems5 ^8 E2 O) ?$ J1 ?7 O5 U
192. Alternative economic institutions" A/ u. Q, R. N. A4 k' g! Z
& U8 u+ [2 w2 X
Political Intervention
) M0 J9 i8 g! V( i3 E8 C 193. Overloading of administrative systems4 r) |/ q8 P: i- x R1 d
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( G/ i# j+ y# @/ H/ r, X W 195. Seeking imprisonment$ u. D( ]- Y- I( T7 z8 L
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws8 K+ j$ `- } p& `1 V
197. Work-on without collaboration" }1 D3 t6 Y5 A Z& x: Z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; q4 w( O# u' B
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
