 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ V/ Y5 k: D: v5 ~. v$ Z
Formal Statements& R1 p% ]3 V( C; [
1. Public Speeches- I8 e7 F8 A6 n3 u
2. Letters of opposition or support1 N, a z2 H" `. ~0 l: d" o* [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 b: I) r0 f8 H7 j2 [
4. Signed public statements
4 \" o" D) ^1 |- D 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, ]! l) g& S) i, h7 D 6. Group or mass petitions
( x) L. x# E# I% B; ], @* C" l7 U) h% v. r" D4 F c/ ?
Communications with a Wider Audience/ j, V0 \4 `0 L# X! K1 l q6 J
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' @" D' V$ _, s, }+ a! S$ F8 b2 @
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 k$ t, ~7 y- I 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, z' s- q `! j8 \ ]. ?
10. Newspapers and journals1 y V1 A5 m) v0 H
11. Records, radio, and television
; H$ F6 a- ?' n. m& S9 M# m* C 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% S/ h$ m" d( X+ n" Q/ }/ O( u5 V
Group Representations: Y' R R7 r/ ]0 v9 r
13. Deputations+ Q0 p( c/ U' m' p+ R: J; p
14. Mock awards' ~7 D1 \/ l# f4 t5 ^& c3 `' ^
15. Group lobbying
( t3 P; z4 m3 K5 D 16. Picketing" y+ H8 h* P# ]8 W! P7 e& z
17. Mock elections7 }5 t% |* T9 v5 X5 z8 P: j/ m
+ \) p$ h+ L+ N; ZSymbolic Public Acts5 ]- l3 u5 D! W! l/ x
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ \ d& z; |2 e
19. Wearing of symbols
& [; M4 u4 v6 X8 Y0 S 20. Prayer and worship$ r" Z2 W8 R1 ]# \/ p
21. Delivering symbolic objects
4 {# M" g. M9 J" F/ f$ r 22. Protest disrobings& j! i8 \% `$ a! E; v: Z6 i3 H, c
23. Destruction of own property# S* ~/ g# C K" Y# X/ O* f
24. Symbolic lights
1 m% p) ~7 F, J# G+ ^2 i 25. Displays of portraits/ C0 d$ w* F& E6 z
26. Paint as protest8 A8 L' Q( U; i/ L' g+ i
27. New signs and names/ R I/ ?) }* i9 `+ e+ e2 M
28. Symbolic sounds% b) i: u2 V3 N2 e
29. Symbolic reclamations
7 j8 I9 i- Y/ o 30. Rude gestures, x# V& r9 X+ |" @ P v5 d
, X3 J0 \4 R( O, j& X6 m. mPressures on Individuals- Z$ U0 t. m1 p6 }
31. “Haunting” officials7 R+ r0 w7 d1 P1 K
32. Taunting officials
% s6 E! k" y- Y6 `* z! V) M w, V 33. Fraternization# M# k E3 b& f" v
34. Vigils
+ s3 C( l; u' x S, s) j$ f: H9 ?4 c# O2 c, J& v# q
Drama and Music
' A! | F+ S9 T 35. Humorous skits and pranks
h& U* V; m n, l 36. Performances of plays and music
4 Q4 E: }2 E- `! f8 A3 F0 D0 k 37. Singing
" F9 f- M' J& L9 p- V1 j( O4 J9 L9 E; z- M0 @# h
Processions9 C8 P9 j; ^0 l/ z
38. Marches
5 K5 o# r: l1 S6 ]+ I7 J 39. Parades
4 i5 `) P3 B; k6 s9 k m 40. Religious processions
4 `! n! y; s' E: t 41. Pilgrimages; R; |. F! t) [: y# X2 m
42. Motorcades
3 e* E1 `5 b3 u7 B7 ~- v6 y& y y2 _8 D( f
Honoring the Dead) E& L: C* j- M H- A5 v! F. R
43. Political mourning1 _* r' H9 x' M+ W5 S8 q; x) y( C9 J
44. Mock funerals
' J/ q7 ]3 l( |6 X% E# Z 45. Demonstrative funerals
& q. h. B' G' a" r 46. Homage at burial places
, n5 J/ a4 |" b# C8 r# q& r0 q0 Z( ?& m& @9 d5 @, H
Public Assemblies$ i, x$ b! _ ?; g6 w3 _
47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 i5 B8 x' c0 T8 P& ] F7 U 48. Protest meetings- l1 l- S/ a/ T4 j+ |4 r: u; w( E
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 p4 h& U; ^7 \
50. Teach-ins) H; c" M; M4 B( e
6 F9 T; l( \& K* F& x
Withdrawal and Renunciation
% n: A* B# l: u 51. Walk-outs
- y; s- e# x" U7 \) |! b 52. Silence2 P5 i( ~( N6 L& w ]5 G
53. Renouncing honors
3 H$ D1 D, f0 p8 l, {. ~! n 54. Turning one’s back# J# @& t" n; ^0 n, j: }
5 ]' X) y; `# W % @7 s" A5 M7 y
/ R7 d9 W) f7 s: k% Y0 v
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
9 n( ~, E* ~& m: L6 z+ G
' ^# _( q2 r9 o0 v - g6 W! T: e' K6 X; V. `( V
6 y3 ]1 Y) a2 ]& b* |! i) ?# w6 A
Ostracism of Persons
: z8 P- H: g* i) t# w2 a+ h' p" G 55. Social boycott
6 I7 V/ P; Q& C/ B 56. Selective social boycott2 ^# A. l: i2 z7 ? m
57. Lysistratic nonaction* Z4 i/ m8 a/ y! R# ^
58. Excommunication
2 v+ W3 W* C& z- N+ k' g 59. Interdict1 G3 Q A Y' O' a; A4 Y
- |# j! p1 o2 l& w5 w5 m" SNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 r( d2 _9 g" X/ `- _- X) `( ^+ B# F
60. Suspension of social and sports activities) S! z/ Z1 C+ ~/ c! M% v p
61. Boycott of social affairs
* K& v) L, I* L- ^: w* P 62. Student strike- v8 r- [$ O5 h! `) u, Q
63. Social disobedience
6 c, _2 V3 Q/ K$ V# [/ k. Y' } 64. Withdrawal from social institutions. l9 [5 Z/ {6 W; B0 y' U
) T9 l$ `" u% I6 c6 I
Withdrawal from the Social System
& B4 g( E; ]% X' N! [ 65. Stay-at-home) k$ z! D3 Z( B0 _# ?2 t
66. Total personal noncooperation
( K& j& D# i- L& v" m 67. “Flight” of workers# X" N. i. d" v0 T
68. Sanctuary
. a. ~, j, l. i7 k2 ^ ^ 69. Collective disappearance3 C2 k$ J4 b. a v r; m; p0 [; [
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
* g: ~( ]/ d; m) K' W" }, j& S. m: A9 ]% s+ a7 ]" P: J* W
6 t9 V6 T) b. e6 G2 J8 H C
/ o: t7 u5 u1 D) z1 p3 d/ |$ PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 g7 [ V9 ^ Y0 r, i2 Q/ S" \; n6 R
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" l v) j2 q; z- f( n, hActions by Consumers$ L$ i. g+ S- l" `6 ]+ u
71. Consumers’ boycott$ \4 L" ^2 y- B2 k+ g
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; a5 S- L8 f3 j% C9 z0 d V
73. Policy of austerity2 p, x' w1 A/ l, g4 o. Y: B
74. Rent withholding
: }5 O5 K4 @( q( T2 P7 |' J4 s 75. Refusal to rent
4 Q, W! \6 O0 V' S( Q/ } 76. National consumers’ boycott8 [8 U0 T9 r" y: ?; c
77. International consumers’ boycott1 |& ]$ Z- s! a6 B% K3 R
0 W. }/ V: g$ \# I+ h
Action by Workers and Producers4 G) K+ E9 I4 E$ p9 r
78. Workmen’s boycott
; Y0 m, ~' Z: R1 K. |* B6 L 79. Producers’ boycott$ u# q% ?: Z$ T: n+ W
5 \4 N# o# l/ e! S- cAction by Middlemen
* P+ p9 R( p2 n; `3 D: a6 d 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! C; t0 `" x% J3 ` I# O, V
3 H5 `5 K O( \4 p/ ~! a
Action by Owners and Management
' |1 d% s! a% P0 K! n2 B5 G) D 81. Traders’ boycott
/ `# i+ Y* w) } 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 u+ d: P7 \1 w. Z
83. Lockout% F0 c4 x+ S% Z, h! ^; M0 I
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- m# D& U& u1 F1 {" x* H9 B- j$ j+ c 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' H! G7 J& G1 q$ ]
- g I8 m0 l4 m7 G1 ?/ FAction by Holders of Financial Resources/ f7 z- i% y9 S/ h) h
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ Y; C5 f" Z1 G/ Y- D 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 `# g5 y: }/ b. D
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 Y0 ]3 `; @! {) Z
89. Severance of funds and credit4 H, J* Z/ G, ?- A8 M1 [7 x
90. Revenue refusal
5 K) {- L; U2 b 91. Refusal of a government’s money. o! g0 K+ i3 O
7 ]( J- H4 U" R b( l: g
Action by Governments# J/ Z2 ~1 _: U) L8 B" }
92. Domestic embargo
6 p" u: f9 X8 s2 D3 y7 W- j 93. Blacklisting of traders% k6 w- \; @* [
94. International sellers’ embargo7 G) _ R! s# k. J
95. International buyers’ embargo$ C& h H# A: X1 i, V/ W( T
96. International trade embargo
% C0 ~" P+ j& A/ C: _( j& D) N1 k; t( ]$ r( V! G& Q' {% Z
6 R" a7 p7 M) \( }$ X
4 ]8 S* H! I' z' K" m
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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$ H2 B( _+ G" Y5 k; d* {% }$ hSymbolic Strikes
, c5 k$ ?6 j$ L/ c8 a 97. Protest strike: T. C, f( N5 R" \; M. @9 g% j$ q+ S
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
! V# N! k9 \5 o/ H2 t" \6 D0 _8 Z! N2 [# q$ |: c1 z% Q U9 @* }
Agricultural Strikes" o8 @4 B8 E, w8 B* D; s" B0 S
99. Peasant strike
" ?$ M- B' Y5 R" ]6 b 100. Farm Workers’ strike
. L* f: X5 d& [& ?, ~9 F7 v+ v O- j) Q; E+ [" l' G( K" f
Strikes by Special Groups
( k$ z( @! t" q& u. w* W, Z 101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 s/ B4 E0 X9 j# { 102. Prisoners’ strike
" p: K8 g' P& j6 X# S' C 103. Craft strike
* y- i3 V K0 W1 x+ M 104. Professional strike8 k/ X" M8 o* }6 n3 g& D) \$ t
/ w g# a) } G$ @: V, w' ?
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
/ B! s! `* w' K; E* h1 \7 V 105. Establishment strike# @- S: t9 B+ m9 `5 v* J
106. Industry strike
5 S8 T( s, W6 ~, H. d3 }" w 107. Sympathetic strike% J+ h. ~9 ?/ l& a: ?/ u6 f
. {, m% X/ T; U' S6 y, JRestricted Strikes
7 h5 N( m3 G5 x; ~" E N 108. Detailed strike. W; R4 @2 O5 I9 K9 ~
109. Bumper strike
+ T8 M& _: n, v" c 110. Slowdown strike% R; W& Q& E# z. B! J8 ~
111. Working-to-rule strike
3 h$ i$ ?2 N/ x 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ ?5 S+ `0 W8 J: ~" w" b7 C7 j4 ? 113. Strike by resignation
: ]& r- b% N: h( V 114. Limited strike0 ?) P/ t B+ v) D& k5 B! m
115. Selective strike4 [/ L0 r" d) P/ J) X/ v' t
( J/ @4 y% z. I
Multi-Industry Strikes
3 _6 i K% [; ~
W5 |* S( ]7 [1 Z$ S0 w 116. Generalized strike& y) }2 {% N& _ _( t+ w1 D; Y" y
; T! T3 N# U6 g+ O 117. General strike
% R0 i) J1 B; M, ?. D6 @" [1 @1 \1 n) E9 |
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures1 F7 k& X9 v, f' `6 O+ z, P
0 K0 u- {% Q2 }1 n# d# H 118. Hartal
: d0 K h8 S$ Y7 _" ~7 l1 s) S! n8 |& l2 F2 z
119. Economic shutdown1 i) K5 ]) c! _" w1 T2 W+ ]
1 f+ l4 U" H5 _+ R
# y9 X3 j# ?# X! X* ?
+ i9 H X: \. v q) ZTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority6 h) M! ~, P9 I7 o' z9 d6 h3 i
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 r1 r9 ~, W4 w' Q/ P; Z) e 121. Refusal of public support2 r4 k8 `9 Q, k: f9 t
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
8 \4 I# z. x. ~7 ^9 D9 w
4 [9 F- c& g7 D+ M2 R- \! ^Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 U9 I3 ~3 g6 o3 D" A9 f0 a
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
, m0 T: u; W& Z# q. y# F$ V8 m- m7 v 124. Boycott of elections
) d6 i4 u! f9 a 125. Boycott of government employment and positions v8 o5 ]' ]; u6 o
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* H0 w1 L( |% }# E7 ]! {$ A 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 ?& s- k7 @4 o! x! T+ w 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# }8 V! X" N+ \% e: f# t
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ j7 v0 A' }& B: X, e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks( Y9 @; D! ~. I
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 c$ O/ Z+ Q7 ]4 [( O 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions" P% i5 C. c% u m' _
. B, e+ ]7 R: ]7 m- G' K5 {- ^2 @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ l9 J# G/ L2 O# d$ F3 Y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance" m1 g- b# f1 B3 J1 [, X; y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 R0 w$ [* _' X w- e. Q! A1 u! Z1 s
135. Popular nonobedience/ p& g* c }3 I9 R9 a4 U: G
136. Disguised disobedience( Y, {! W' m/ \5 q% C% x
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse* t/ h% j4 V! ~) r' D1 \2 z
138. Sitdown
( ?/ r) X, I/ _; \ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- Q- Z3 t$ d9 C( z& C1 f/ f/ j
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
8 h' X' g) l& h. s4 t 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
( W' s3 q: N! w8 x' v, Y/ T: `; n" C! ?. u
Action by Government Personnel
/ W4 T6 W0 G7 M 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. z' P a- k& l- W9 K# k
143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ B3 h( C6 z$ ^( r( J3 s' [: Z
144. Stalling and obstruction3 j$ J- R5 z% \4 O% o9 K7 U
145. General administrative noncooperation, t+ Y6 H \6 {4 I
: E# M/ ~! \3 ?0 c/ ^3 f
146. Judicial noncooperation
8 Q4 S, [3 R7 `) L/ M5 y2 S 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 C- {4 p. Y; R8 V3 e( d 148. Mutiny2 |3 J# M6 Y8 U6 R
Domestic Governmental Action: U5 S& |* C8 s$ W
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 t" a9 M" ?9 ]+ f 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units- d/ G8 Z# p3 D7 [2 h
/ I& A: ^4 o }; jInternational Governmental Action; L' z1 \0 a+ `: k8 a
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# G( R( @/ K% V# ]* j 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 C- ]; \' o: b- ?
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
y5 O+ X9 f! {2 ]- V+ v9 b 154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ @( {4 k/ e) l2 I
155. Withdrawal from international organizations' t5 W: O2 N$ {! ^" B2 M
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
! H, Z; f2 P% z) s6 @ 157. Expulsion from international organizations4 G# k% [( P, a+ q6 S8 ]1 F6 T
! ~% d; W( A4 a
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION" s& i( w8 U6 _1 S4 Z
& R4 s+ h& a0 h' V a( U( g
4 x$ Z% n. `9 x2 Z, cPsychological Intervention" b4 g, L. S! N
158. Self-exposure to the elements
. ~7 T+ {# b% o7 I. y" ^) w 159. The fast2 M( |3 Z% l8 O& Z+ s9 U: R! i
a) Fast of moral pressure
- p) j% { V: j! l0 s9 K, J b) Hunger strike
9 }% T0 v3 m/ o c) Satyagrahic fast9 o9 c, q/ h; @& k8 u. a
160. Reverse trial
) M0 n: x! X* J8 o( l 161. Nonviolent harassment
8 B; V2 Y" k: M; s0 r5 P( v7 [3 C
- @; t* s H$ T) n( C" oPhysical Intervention
0 W) u1 ]* p- c8 e5 m! V- O 162. Sit-in: n, l# ]/ [7 ^4 K" k( V3 L
163. Stand-in
$ O' M- u& J/ M* y3 e% u 164. Ride-in
0 s0 f% k- d8 k5 s0 {; T 165. Wade-in& C, Q/ G u7 m* x
166. Mill-in
: q5 U* Y' |) I6 _1 l 167. Pray-in
: Q) Q7 {1 s( K 168. Nonviolent raids
; E6 }% _( V- O9 X0 D 169. Nonviolent air raids3 u( z/ K# H; E) `2 h2 F( B
170. Nonviolent invasion1 ^2 F* O5 v: }: t) t9 N0 o/ N0 w0 R
171. Nonviolent interjection
6 M1 r( K1 }. C4 _# K3 o- F 172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 U2 m9 Y* a$ @! q" ? 173. Nonviolent occupation K3 ]$ f7 N$ m, F
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Social Intervention0 i5 E2 g/ I9 A; p! I$ K S
174. Establishing new social patterns1 e$ n& J+ e7 s0 w8 o5 W
175. Overloading of facilities
6 b. D, t3 C) Y0 a' u+ w 176. Stall-in
& e' U l1 i! y/ O+ P& y 177. Speak-in5 c2 A' E: z: e! j+ g3 Q
178. Guerrilla theater
0 t& O/ O/ u8 X. J1 }3 ]4 v0 ? 179. Alternative social institutions" T+ |, R: l2 P6 i' z7 u2 N" z6 E
180. Alternative communication system6 ]) @/ s# H9 o E {- L
! Q4 c) ~* n$ l: `) Z) {6 ^4 WEconomic Intervention y% ^/ O q4 ], f+ X% n4 O& A2 M# ?
181. Reverse strike' A; U4 Y; u- S1 `& j( O
182. Stay-in strike
4 z& F7 _, F+ m' M1 V 183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 m+ o9 z1 i/ h" x, ~. i. s 184. Defiance of blockades7 g; U. n* i8 `1 A0 T' A2 ?$ \
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! K* Z( G+ y$ l. j
186. Preclusive purchasing$ v8 |1 c- c6 f$ x
187. Seizure of assets
. {. S+ P7 X* w6 A' u 188. Dumping
% c0 t& \$ s1 j- C 189. Selective patronage
' \* a% t0 U9 U! g 190. Alternative markets
4 W7 u! c" W, T1 v% ^; ^2 S 191. Alternative transportation systems4 p; d9 h# G) Z% K- U3 X" z
192. Alternative economic institutions/ K; G& h2 f" h% g& D
8 _& h X) H# E7 h: F) IPolitical Intervention
/ Z+ O% g2 l4 I8 R. \ 193. Overloading of administrative systems2 @7 U. j S. o4 z
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents: X( d( ?& y9 k% N3 P* v$ k! _
195. Seeking imprisonment1 v* m* C7 N8 F
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws3 y7 n0 M8 N& m% C& D5 I! |
197. Work-on without collaboration
+ s) L8 w3 b4 k3 i 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ `# S2 r2 ^* z3 J% Q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
