 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 F6 `1 x0 ^6 E) n
Formal Statements
3 E/ h6 M0 }7 m* P+ K 1. Public Speeches* O: m) b2 v+ t+ P9 O7 u
2. Letters of opposition or support
4 I/ K' {5 \2 p 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" B$ b: g+ J1 g 4. Signed public statements; q& D' D ?; d0 m& `# Z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ D; ^# G) o1 V# p, c 6. Group or mass petitions
" n o8 B) W4 G9 A% `
* n% ^5 M5 I# I v2 zCommunications with a Wider Audience) N2 R, t; Q/ e' |# g! S
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 c: W% M) \" F$ U
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 B& Q2 q* K/ Z R 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 w% I, i7 g& p! Z5 ~4 s 10. Newspapers and journals7 i7 h+ f; }/ f& t
11. Records, radio, and television0 T% |! M# l% g# T _
12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 R3 Y/ D9 G; o( ^# T3 s! c: u
2 N2 f) t' j, H4 ?- I) lGroup Representations
' u7 O x! t( ^* f% Z/ ^ 13. Deputations0 u7 e4 }$ ]9 x! C. L' d% T, d1 I
14. Mock awards
$ m. ]9 r# x/ R: f" x: e 15. Group lobbying
+ K; S% n7 l/ p& }$ R 16. Picketing% C6 T# ] ^. h4 S. ^3 ^9 [3 m
17. Mock elections
6 ]: x5 h8 r" H' C9 B% B
! P2 s5 P* A ~2 V- T! YSymbolic Public Acts# K$ }2 Q0 z( C; L% \
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. O! f7 h( D) F+ o0 Q 19. Wearing of symbols$ J7 V2 M* j9 l: v
20. Prayer and worship
; e! x+ e, i7 ` 21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 O3 M. t+ v3 m5 s8 P" O 22. Protest disrobings" h1 h2 Q. S" c3 O1 q
23. Destruction of own property
! t9 `' m/ m! U% ~ o$ L 24. Symbolic lights) F5 [2 |. ~1 c( I* D# ^
25. Displays of portraits
( I, H6 p* f9 x- Z ?/ a7 O 26. Paint as protest$ K. m! g, D" N4 w
27. New signs and names
& @- c B% M, A, [% C0 b* Z 28. Symbolic sounds" x n* O) [* }4 ^$ I {5 A
29. Symbolic reclamations
1 y K: ?3 V8 _) L 30. Rude gestures5 z B+ o0 Z7 `! A! C8 L, ]: q
5 Q( R& h) C! h8 P/ R
Pressures on Individuals
9 F# \/ ^/ f* e5 p 31. “Haunting” officials* w, j: R8 I" |# ^
32. Taunting officials
) i; I" r6 x5 h: v5 h# l 33. Fraternization
! z9 |# @! o: b1 c 34. Vigils
A0 B7 q% ^# D% ]4 T
p, b5 Z9 n# S, j' U1 e, e3 GDrama and Music
& s1 {' `$ h/ o( r' i 35. Humorous skits and pranks
- o3 @& Y* d) y. A& n6 z( C# R/ g6 { 36. Performances of plays and music! D" h+ j4 x3 }1 \8 k$ y' I) D
37. Singing
1 B% s& P+ n3 u) X) A" \" ? V* m" Y/ C2 u7 y0 Q( X
Processions
8 P( c% r, r5 I 38. Marches1 {2 ?: u( x! k
39. Parades& t6 i7 @0 e" V8 r( t
40. Religious processions
& D1 ~3 [' m+ [$ i* C1 l 41. Pilgrimages
8 O) |2 U4 ]2 y5 H- ~. [ 42. Motorcades
/ |$ o; V" P, K0 c1 n
g, s; t, s$ }2 e* SHonoring the Dead* X- |2 U' {% z# s# B$ q8 j
43. Political mourning; G- f) T. p( ~8 ?* k! D
44. Mock funerals
7 e1 l% S* ~" V# Z- d. o2 L 45. Demonstrative funerals* _ b9 ^) w7 Z
46. Homage at burial places
' r3 U) c3 M9 J: O0 Q P3 `
) \0 i# j) I/ i! }* pPublic Assemblies; ^5 v( k3 U* U( z; y5 a" \
47. Assemblies of protest or support
# D: a( t0 C, F) H8 s 48. Protest meetings
" s8 l, o0 w) \- e 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 L+ v1 Z1 y( R/ v7 }6 ]
50. Teach-ins3 e" a& |/ ~1 V$ f, @5 g# ~
8 S5 E$ `& s, [5 i
Withdrawal and Renunciation
6 o* ^& g1 L; ]% d% c5 [ 51. Walk-outs5 b0 m" L* r5 c/ f3 ?& n
52. Silence
/ o5 l# o( R3 n: t 53. Renouncing honors
! N! t& s' b7 Z/ } 54. Turning one’s back
( ~2 E3 W: ]6 C! N6 i0 X7 w* G g1 Q7 H6 N+ e! g# u, x/ J
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+ B/ q0 H2 z* lTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 f7 P3 K1 S/ \. f8 k) V
2 ~1 h% Y, H( |& J. ^3 @
5 `5 U" N+ A; R* U8 w" m
4 T0 L$ k% m, [$ COstracism of Persons; C" r p5 d j
55. Social boycott9 n+ O6 _; R* N* V8 Z
56. Selective social boycott1 }2 O5 c6 \/ a" q$ p# |
57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ c4 T5 f* p: l6 D, x! a6 u 58. Excommunication
2 a J, b( v8 l: ~+ A) y0 ^ 59. Interdict
: j# c! T; ^! J2 @4 e; p& K3 \5 ~' l3 o- q/ J% h# a9 ?
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ f4 Z: n* }2 d8 b8 M! I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 K- N8 @- ?. j" n8 r- V! O
61. Boycott of social affairs* b: L( ~: G/ x" z! S
62. Student strike
% I1 O7 M6 _4 Q$ J8 t 63. Social disobedience
J5 j$ r) c, j4 }" g% V 64. Withdrawal from social institutions% G9 P3 Z0 X- e/ v( x2 k
! U3 Q! Z) i8 M$ @0 z! u) b7 M# @Withdrawal from the Social System' b( m3 b8 I( Y" J5 a& k! N( h+ ?
65. Stay-at-home2 u7 ^* @- f3 I/ D
66. Total personal noncooperation! x [# j+ A6 v7 \5 c
67. “Flight” of workers
8 H' K3 J4 M3 `. _3 n6 I 68. Sanctuary
5 J& d( `( D0 s1 B 69. Collective disappearance
. P, P5 z2 l% d3 b3 m 70. Protest emigration (hijrat). K; W# J) Y4 S" e
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0 p9 J. d. b/ G( wTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- Q y+ U8 e# R B. Z
. ?9 z- n5 v% C# {, }6 l" L - F, j5 c; ?2 X! Z
Actions by Consumers7 b1 r/ P) f6 j- q9 ]) z- @! z
71. Consumers’ boycott" v( j' U' Q( L4 D$ s5 J
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# K8 `1 `$ R3 m: y6 C4 N
73. Policy of austerity
( M I/ `- k9 u& N7 O# L9 @2 } 74. Rent withholding- _! Z$ p0 d. |! ], X
75. Refusal to rent
g+ t6 |/ o6 e, r* l7 { 76. National consumers’ boycott
4 T5 O" \" Z# e+ K' @8 S" p 77. International consumers’ boycott' C& V9 l* Q5 @. }" {3 f
$ I5 }0 f+ K" bAction by Workers and Producers- F- H6 ^& m7 P& _, C
78. Workmen’s boycott
( ~1 o9 n3 Q8 Z& ^7 B& K; u* } 79. Producers’ boycott
6 |( G4 _* A0 R7 W
) L3 k: i h DAction by Middlemen
# @4 l9 c7 o) s9 m8 {9 U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
P7 k* ^# D ]
) k) h! B2 h( f0 W) Z5 |Action by Owners and Management
& F- E, M' f# a2 c" Z0 \ 81. Traders’ boycott$ s, N$ N5 c4 o" x9 r- E+ a$ s: O
82. Refusal to let or sell property1 L. u4 p$ K9 z0 w5 L4 O
83. Lockout
# a) h' _0 {' N5 o( @% K t m 84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 i" R& @: M$ G. {4 C# ]
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
# w l, `- k9 ^# {2 m1 M" ?' A# p. ~; \6 H) I4 k* Z5 Q1 K
Action by Holders of Financial Resources8 y6 ]# p0 c; x! [2 Z0 k8 z% x$ c
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
; y1 Y2 J* I4 z3 P5 ~" {9 v# { 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- H, _& b' i7 S5 \
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% R9 {5 C6 z9 I5 F6 i4 A 89. Severance of funds and credit
2 s [5 o( a1 V3 C1 Y" j( B4 s0 } 90. Revenue refusal6 B6 N7 q8 h* V) b8 P6 m
91. Refusal of a government’s money+ u1 T7 O4 M8 S
' Z C7 w9 [+ w0 K
Action by Governments
2 X3 H" d9 ~ y5 H* P B7 N 92. Domestic embargo7 j5 n& c& }9 [- v- X
93. Blacklisting of traders1 ]4 {4 Q S1 _. l; p( Y
94. International sellers’ embargo# ^% p, ]* C8 I, S4 t$ G
95. International buyers’ embargo' d$ R, s2 o/ I/ [4 m( \
96. International trade embargo5 e8 v) |/ l1 c6 L- Y M" Y# @" n% g
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
: a$ q' K, B/ Y, o, l7 s% f 97. Protest strike
' B3 `8 c+ K& B 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# t# {, O; V5 v5 {& w" R
- S" H }1 k0 O: S yAgricultural Strikes, D, q4 D O% b
99. Peasant strike( A+ z+ b3 D* c" x; M [
100. Farm Workers’ strike
( r& K T4 @" ?
7 A0 V3 @: E* f9 d( C3 S$ k/ EStrikes by Special Groups& K$ d7 @4 `$ K- b% H
101. Refusal of impressed labor1 a, H, _: F3 \* T8 H
102. Prisoners’ strike
4 `- s6 D' V8 I+ r2 o/ a% p# m 103. Craft strike; m ?( K" ^' J' L. a$ i5 S! P
104. Professional strike6 S! j" j- j2 c3 S: g7 b4 K$ ~
z7 v0 P# t; s2 f# NOrdinary Industrial Strikes& r2 R0 B" V0 Y! u. C$ b
105. Establishment strike2 j# y! M, c6 N0 N$ g" y, g1 p" z
106. Industry strike
% T7 J8 [( v8 @ b0 u 107. Sympathetic strike
. w! v- M9 i9 |$ Z
* ]3 O: V# D, N4 B& W; GRestricted Strikes
5 o( L( s. s+ C3 A3 M J0 M. K 108. Detailed strike( F2 U( s9 ^0 j3 I2 N) @
109. Bumper strike. ~ M8 O1 U/ F9 l
110. Slowdown strike
0 M$ o8 F/ U# {* @% f 111. Working-to-rule strike
! r2 |# `+ l1 o" I% e, y) o 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" e0 K5 d. ]$ i( d+ S 113. Strike by resignation
* p# n y; e! E$ t+ }( O 114. Limited strike, D; S* C6 b% R" \+ O% a9 M8 @
115. Selective strike! `, u# v$ l: G4 a4 ?: i0 W
8 d( u: \9 M9 J+ U) }) h z
Multi-Industry Strikes% h: O/ w, \2 V
. w5 p$ G" ?% R# z3 V- B 116. Generalized strike
, j0 q* e, \5 j5 f8 P" A' `4 F+ n& W [
117. General strike
( @$ p2 Y6 d; J" n! c6 ~- O% O3 W0 e# H
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 g' W! L: [/ `1 J1 s: {/ h
) ?) p0 v" u) G3 _/ n 118. Hartal$ o8 g. M( }/ J. q2 x
0 |! R) M( N9 x7 B
119. Economic shutdown
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/ G/ |. i! V2 ~! E- e7 c" m0 m4 ETHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION+ d8 H8 f, x% n/ a. T' @
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+ j# i, A; \1 j: o7 D* ^* ~4 b0 lRejection of Authority
# G- j' D3 l" l7 e5 ^4 Q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: h q1 l% S0 b5 \ 121. Refusal of public support
, a% ~' n, y; j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
* q" h0 C6 w# H* [
" B' B+ |; T+ |- c( r2 W/ P# x" a. \Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ F1 W ^' u1 r. M& N
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# L7 w; @- O+ T- m k- `0 |: t( I 124. Boycott of elections
3 f* W v9 ^. d4 x8 i+ K9 U9 D 125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 p: h8 r3 R9 N4 [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& |; D( A; l2 J+ t' M$ s) ~- }' L
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ k" d; |# [9 O5 j3 |1 L
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 Z/ m- F" |0 ~. D* X: [
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 n% M* r3 ~) I# ^- B 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ i6 N# B/ `. o p1 q( i4 ]# Z0 e7 n [ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 X" W) _% ^$ H. N 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ ]. |; U6 G! q4 F9 o% |3 U" A
+ R# H% f' R Y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! {# K' i; p- p' L" q/ g2 y( r& L 133. Reluctant and slow compliance) Z4 s% B( r) h- `! U, s; ~5 N# J
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision. K& b5 }9 s9 @7 c3 g& _7 S
135. Popular nonobedience
( }( }5 d. s0 t1 r 136. Disguised disobedience
7 s% e" D0 c: T' v 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ p2 O( x/ p4 V# l; }6 X$ g6 l0 h
138. Sitdown8 p1 }' V7 x2 Z. V! n- @
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& X. K& y, g6 E$ k8 A# L 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ M+ s3 B0 i7 G
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ e5 W% i$ {$ h& u! p' q l2 U- x0 U
5 ^& t) A$ T+ j' tAction by Government Personnel
/ K' R# ]5 A% K" P# r0 z% J 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- h1 E) q/ X2 D/ R4 C+ T' E3 w' p
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
4 K, c% D8 b @5 \' u3 f: u 144. Stalling and obstruction% h8 Y/ K2 d. a. O
145. General administrative noncooperation
* ^0 d( l% N9 q) `2 h
( j4 @0 |) i1 D3 X, q. t% V7 s 146. Judicial noncooperation
: z; w0 a1 T3 q3 u8 L: c# b 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents$ t6 K2 ~- l) O* N6 e5 t
148. Mutiny! N {( ]' p; h
Domestic Governmental Action
0 z2 U' ]# K5 Q' W* s0 B" h 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays, A" ^* c' |& ^) c4 a
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 h, `' p* g$ W, I i
# O9 b5 y0 H d: k8 N9 C! E% VInternational Governmental Action) ]8 A4 D2 @( J3 G8 m. t! n6 G
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! |7 n+ L- N1 O/ @1 ~* |9 ^) u
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 q* B$ x' e' @4 f' E3 ? n: E7 Q E 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 x" x: W5 r) n4 v) o 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 c$ V8 f( S ^- J* ~ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 p* L5 I: x. [1 j' l$ V9 n( p
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' Z; o' {4 f8 q 157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 m) _7 L4 r3 u+ W1 U7 `/ q9 p8 J3 c
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& ^7 h; R1 Q& K, W/ m2 p+ O* q, L
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* f& `2 u3 k& [0 k2 N9 @4 {
+ h- m0 [; k+ g( i7 R . J2 s! L2 W3 a& l3 y! `
Psychological Intervention9 f% F8 Z: }+ z5 P! v' j
158. Self-exposure to the elements
' j7 x' F- M D1 k 159. The fast3 ~% |0 l9 ?4 K( |* F
a) Fast of moral pressure
8 }! _ P; S. s/ l b) Hunger strike
0 M' [: w* _6 m8 A- ~/ \& ^ c) Satyagrahic fast v/ P2 \1 j& {6 S
160. Reverse trial
# J1 m! `- c3 a 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention# |) P/ _% @8 v0 \- n
162. Sit-in
* r# ~1 a% B) L; j 163. Stand-in
/ h) R& y/ C9 r/ K( f0 L# x 164. Ride-in# H7 B, P# }) k v4 w
165. Wade-in7 K& @. S1 J5 { e3 p0 {' e5 G
166. Mill-in
, j2 ^4 o l' o& y- f* C( `$ f 167. Pray-in
/ ?3 m/ R5 Q( l* f* p 168. Nonviolent raids
- w; O% Z9 R2 ~ 169. Nonviolent air raids
) ]8 O& T' H! y X$ q! A7 o 170. Nonviolent invasion
3 y! v# ^, M1 r 171. Nonviolent interjection
, N( N+ p1 J9 z0 w I 172. Nonviolent obstruction: D; c8 A l& [
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
, n9 N+ l9 Q. B3 H/ } 174. Establishing new social patterns
( r2 Q3 B/ [1 P- L- j 175. Overloading of facilities- z) G# ]5 [, B" f
176. Stall-in
: E' Z) ]2 H9 Z% k: c/ ~% _ 177. Speak-in$ t1 p7 ~$ ^( t) a
178. Guerrilla theater/ f; b1 z" X6 d1 T( W5 J$ h7 `
179. Alternative social institutions
4 v4 e1 E4 _* }, r4 z8 N 180. Alternative communication system3 A& I1 ^( G' S, t' p. K5 y9 ~
U8 Z# d! C4 T R# O5 @
Economic Intervention
/ i+ {3 g7 p4 k" r/ g4 z, ` 181. Reverse strike# B4 V: P# r6 Z3 X7 B7 X) m* K
182. Stay-in strike
& ~+ B4 L! z t: q 183. Nonviolent land seizure% n+ t) {% E. W, a9 t
184. Defiance of blockades' z H, t: |+ G; |6 j" M8 t
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
1 n# w7 S$ _. C7 E 186. Preclusive purchasing
. z) s# A" [3 W, B h 187. Seizure of assets' y4 C8 v2 X; p# g% B9 g
188. Dumping
. r9 E6 c( w! A% P6 Z8 D 189. Selective patronage7 R3 k3 B4 g$ L* X7 e' ~/ t2 V; b
190. Alternative markets
* a; h* ?/ ]8 T 191. Alternative transportation systems: V% c# }5 H9 d e u
192. Alternative economic institutions
4 f7 d& {; E5 Q2 u/ U+ p: C' _$ A" k& }
Political Intervention3 Q$ ]) y! h( [
193. Overloading of administrative systems- F; n& m7 s8 i7 O( K2 }. I
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents% L' L$ U; e# m- Z$ \! x
195. Seeking imprisonment
7 o1 }* f5 E: \* X 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 F, R; P, d W 197. Work-on without collaboration
. M; a7 M$ M9 s6 K# H: C 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government5 f6 P/ D3 [; y9 _+ ^8 [
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
