 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- g+ ?& A& U* b, y& k
Formal Statements
! X& z3 {. l& m& B" d; G* B, T; @ 1. Public Speeches
4 C' C! p4 }0 ~8 q 2. Letters of opposition or support* X9 f( Z4 J9 J( k+ N
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 y/ N8 T. E- u" P8 p6 o, Q& d 4. Signed public statements
% d8 u2 d- y6 a: [1 m 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 o. Q1 y% p+ q( V 6. Group or mass petitions& O' G* {4 ^7 l. h* o, d5 z
$ J5 z) }1 [$ ?* J8 WCommunications with a Wider Audience- z- K w% b6 g, C6 \) `
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 j8 V0 G- u, _% [# b: s$ { 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( w; ^+ ]6 P' `; t# w
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ M6 P8 D( F; ?4 D. |: k4 R 10. Newspapers and journals8 ]; { m" x0 w( s
11. Records, radio, and television
* b# J% ?/ X9 f+ x @% }! S 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 a9 J3 ^: t, U; p' T7 W: g( F# A* k* r9 a3 u! n
Group Representations B( t( u2 g4 _9 r& \) Q- ]
13. Deputations
Y3 J. v* A4 T+ H9 J 14. Mock awards
/ D$ B$ O# G" r0 B+ k) { 15. Group lobbying: M) h5 ?3 |' @5 i$ R; I; t
16. Picketing0 v- i& h4 S% m) |$ w
17. Mock elections
3 ]* E/ s7 y% z/ ]9 K& ]; P8 m8 K' y, J1 F
Symbolic Public Acts
+ ?3 X2 E" s/ i7 [0 `1 j( ?; t4 M! R 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. V1 q8 {4 P1 o8 ?4 ?$ f9 H5 u 19. Wearing of symbols. X7 w9 N- y5 b2 ~( H0 C/ a1 @
20. Prayer and worship
0 L. R( O: f) D$ A4 X 21. Delivering symbolic objects
' }1 X# c' Z, c0 o 22. Protest disrobings2 }2 P1 X6 x$ H' j) y
23. Destruction of own property
* \7 }8 }' O, L! @* W& e5 j! V 24. Symbolic lights2 z) g) \8 I( }3 A2 q. G+ e+ c
25. Displays of portraits
$ u! ` I7 i3 O 26. Paint as protest
+ A R0 P! n( F) a d: N1 U 27. New signs and names
& ^: x2 n" {$ T 28. Symbolic sounds- |. K5 h9 c8 [
29. Symbolic reclamations( Q2 u! V' y9 L9 e: X
30. Rude gestures
8 O; G6 A, k& h. y, R8 Q* I# z2 L: ^: J' ]6 V7 I$ V
Pressures on Individuals
! Y& D( `+ A6 J 31. “Haunting” officials
# d2 K- P0 Z8 D8 X: b 32. Taunting officials3 X4 X5 _( O# ]% o& q8 Z
33. Fraternization7 n* Q3 G! K- F1 o1 a
34. Vigils
2 O1 o* S: y2 g& w7 G9 [# m9 H5 O! p2 a( Q
Drama and Music$ X4 C) D2 Y1 K1 i& }+ d( l4 Q
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ M4 d; x" o' _8 T8 A
36. Performances of plays and music) P. ~4 s1 t8 b2 W
37. Singing
6 S# u& z O. q6 b" z3 s* g: {! N. k6 u3 w
Processions* @8 s+ {: P4 ~
38. Marches) S9 ] _* A) v# l2 p {
39. Parades
) _& @* s& O9 Y, d, A 40. Religious processions
: E! Q5 n8 K9 k& K 41. Pilgrimages& G9 Q, ]: n8 J# S: N8 k
42. Motorcades$ X. @7 b" x' P
# y! F3 q, F( T: u- J/ {Honoring the Dead
0 y. s( J- x j! s }* k 43. Political mourning
& _* _: \) P1 `2 i- m7 F 44. Mock funerals. `* s) O! G4 y& _6 W, k
45. Demonstrative funerals
+ V. r" q4 I4 I4 V; t y% G$ ~ 46. Homage at burial places
3 B5 ]4 C) C( N
$ u+ T0 i8 D/ [" EPublic Assemblies
X" P( l j/ I- u. N 47. Assemblies of protest or support
0 e# Y) @4 k# a* _2 C; o7 u6 [ 48. Protest meetings4 ~. M& p- d" m! }, N# D3 s, B) S
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
5 K( I2 h2 a! f4 }: e1 F 50. Teach-ins
0 q! h6 I& P9 e+ _3 }& {
* L+ d2 `8 I$ ^3 M0 P+ tWithdrawal and Renunciation6 r O4 R3 o0 S* U
51. Walk-outs& f. s! J' A2 [/ J' _, Y" k0 ?( C5 ^
52. Silence
x$ l' H* @1 B) J' X 53. Renouncing honors
! F* G% N9 N8 U& g$ ?1 V 54. Turning one’s back
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3 |- g3 k% e6 L & @6 E9 g2 v; k
) o8 _1 v1 d1 a; D& W7 OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 x' M- V) c6 n" n' Z* u) n3 z
% R' J( V' W( k8 P& B, M
+ B' D0 u/ q" D/ Q6 T) N3 A; g% g: k6 d- P
Ostracism of Persons" {/ E( f5 i0 p1 C7 ?. F
55. Social boycott
8 x; T8 Q) ~: w9 G2 Q# V 56. Selective social boycott, M8 \; z j1 h, [$ M! l1 l" ], g* _
57. Lysistratic nonaction
! O- e% J6 q$ p& I 58. Excommunication2 p( F) W7 E( i. [; P
59. Interdict; R/ P/ }# P) T$ P0 N4 y6 |
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 m& d& K$ i* N( m" N 60. Suspension of social and sports activities% K# E, ~9 |) N2 y+ r: B& |2 E6 i
61. Boycott of social affairs
( [, C% c6 P$ L w, Q2 @, j! I3 K 62. Student strike
4 k" _/ b! a7 \8 [) w$ `8 ~- a 63. Social disobedience
* ]* `) i) w3 O 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% [0 E C$ e# [4 X, p2 L: m4 ~1 z, i" E
Withdrawal from the Social System* D0 ^7 y# C: _7 W$ u# y! D
65. Stay-at-home1 d0 G) l3 y$ g8 j2 s/ u$ m/ m
66. Total personal noncooperation
# p, K- e0 c, }7 [$ s- m 67. “Flight” of workers
3 G3 i: Q$ \2 H+ d$ K/ v 68. Sanctuary
: b F7 h3 C/ |8 ?( x" j 69. Collective disappearance' g/ ~7 T9 z8 g' F- T% m
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 L1 O5 r& A# ~4 k
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Actions by Consumers0 E8 F# L: K [0 s2 Z, W9 C
71. Consumers’ boycott
: {8 k [, `" z+ Z! m5 m8 b9 |3 s 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods2 o( o0 k9 X- E
73. Policy of austerity; {6 U, _7 ]9 m* n1 `- O$ R/ E0 f; A _
74. Rent withholding
/ ?4 Z2 ~$ b) X* ]; d# q 75. Refusal to rent4 g. y5 [' L5 z6 x/ E
76. National consumers’ boycott
" p3 L, x0 W, j4 I! P5 Z 77. International consumers’ boycott
, r; ]1 Y8 x9 m$ n/ Y, x0 v' V, [% Q; _3 d" Z
Action by Workers and Producers
5 v: t4 Z: M3 b1 j, @; j- M 78. Workmen’s boycott4 Q1 P, r/ J1 j# F- {8 l2 Z
79. Producers’ boycott1 u7 i4 s6 { {( Y
! Q5 }1 b. S. ~; d1 |4 Z( u) ?Action by Middlemen
0 ]: M1 d9 f' Y$ K% S0 f 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 i1 u/ y" A; k( l( F ?' H" H& P
7 t. O K- m% ^) uAction by Owners and Management
, N* ?( q* ^4 k! S5 z& Z 81. Traders’ boycott
9 H) |! a, @( C( Y8 ~1 w- ~ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
" O, w0 w0 `, o9 W. T1 \2 x* g' }( [ 83. Lockout6 d4 U0 l* h# T/ q4 _0 y# ]) j
84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 g6 |8 c7 p& x4 x3 J7 e0 i
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ b% Z2 \* q8 f& X9 t0 U9 x: {/ e _, f; m+ U
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
9 {1 F( H5 H' Y: S x 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% m$ _( G: Z. V" y9 O9 y3 g% L0 k3 y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% T7 f4 e: W0 x9 S
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 V6 N% B/ f* I7 _
89. Severance of funds and credit' n& ~1 q; K1 u* e+ A' U8 w
90. Revenue refusal
- A! B- b5 l4 R2 o 91. Refusal of a government’s money
% K5 w8 c1 B+ b/ E4 d# ~6 |! i" A$ C: {" d. U7 I9 W
Action by Governments
3 v7 z; y' s. y3 L$ U4 G 92. Domestic embargo
! J8 {, u8 P5 E3 ^. n/ O 93. Blacklisting of traders( W: o% S2 G7 |. A2 I
94. International sellers’ embargo
+ E! q* v( K. F ]( d! \2 w/ k* } 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 v" }! ^# x e! M' b; w/ ] 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE7 ]) p8 k( g- O# h+ @' g" x
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Symbolic Strikes
7 A5 t; X5 p/ {; @7 m u2 H 97. Protest strike$ A, A, [8 Y4 j& Z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)7 ?" h! m5 \: P6 J
7 E) S* ^8 Z ?4 O- J
Agricultural Strikes1 Y3 M }3 k! h2 Z
99. Peasant strike
( i+ B5 w, |( ?2 g 100. Farm Workers’ strike+ t+ D6 e. T# r, q( q) E/ H6 V2 i
' I0 n( |- [6 x4 ^/ r. h
Strikes by Special Groups
\( C) G- ^" x. ^" _8 p 101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ P+ g# L0 j) A) A. t8 f: t& N( Z 102. Prisoners’ strike
* H: h' R/ T5 S# b3 ] 103. Craft strike
. L$ R, A# k' @ 104. Professional strike
4 V3 E6 j) Z& B2 N# L r. E- G/ l/ n2 x# e) X
Ordinary Industrial Strikes% m8 O+ {# _$ S2 ?
105. Establishment strike
7 ^2 ^& p) X8 o# X, u1 x 106. Industry strike
A. v2 W: P- a4 d 107. Sympathetic strike4 w. C0 s* E1 T5 D2 W8 e
5 u/ J( n4 U' H
Restricted Strikes
( \, X% h0 a/ n/ m 108. Detailed strike
. K: ]# i# {8 |$ Y 109. Bumper strike
: ^/ m; g, r. y5 } 110. Slowdown strike
6 F" m) a A8 c" ? 111. Working-to-rule strike
7 L, {) Q9 Q# Q4 p$ Y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)* C) Z1 x4 K' {6 V) _
113. Strike by resignation
, a/ n' { t! W1 @2 Z 114. Limited strike- S+ ?% o0 e0 y% F+ u2 f
115. Selective strike" O& U) N& f; p& g E
4 k9 |7 X; O1 _2 ~
Multi-Industry Strikes
" [1 h/ k" o3 j2 O' t4 u5 k4 i; p$ o1 ^, [/ }/ h4 |$ _* j
116. Generalized strike7 a. R5 q3 y* a, _0 U( G, l6 R: p
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures5 O' U% L8 Q h5 Z4 r7 l ~
7 ~. S5 H( X) x4 o 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown0 ?) Y+ _7 e* N, ]1 B3 \ ?- X
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! o$ y4 h4 \* A2 \9 {9 hTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( B' g& G, d/ N l
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" U! p$ H% ]8 B e( \$ L, E+ I9 nRejection of Authority0 h [+ K' S; z9 C; ^% x
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( o* a% r: A$ |- n5 F7 l
121. Refusal of public support* l9 x. Y' A. Y9 n1 z5 q8 ^, n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 s# A$ Y5 X- y# A2 o K* F w6 m; Y# `5 K5 i4 f; B6 C
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% C. p P5 | [; X9 y' C8 u 123. Boycott of legislative bodies( I9 M7 a3 W2 S
124. Boycott of elections
8 B8 i$ L7 T0 ?2 a( t% g' V 125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 |* H6 m# A9 S& t# I, ?* y C! N
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& m# r: S) \# J3 |3 I3 ]
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 {& H5 {1 C x6 n3 Y) {0 `4 r
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) B8 S1 y1 z" \
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% q" J* u6 q" w 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& B& U1 t! y% {' b: e- E% w# f 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 L( J7 V5 t5 T/ r/ w 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 l8 H% e4 t' _* G
4 O: H+ r1 N& L6 L& Y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 t9 T: N( A4 f" B J) q1 u8 Y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
M& z: ]: X, } 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ A* \# A6 b6 n8 z) @0 t$ Y 135. Popular nonobedience
7 }+ x& T' T4 d+ p% r 136. Disguised disobedience0 W5 F$ j p1 d4 o$ e
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
/ b. H% k& h# Q: j! Z$ U 138. Sitdown2 n5 }6 L: i* C: b% h% K* D3 G# I( ]
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation9 {3 T% i: f2 q0 ?) ?8 N! f
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 m5 v" |& L* e+ n, x 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) a. j+ U: o" t: D+ y1 x" \" H2 I% l5 S8 u/ j( ?# I# ]
Action by Government Personnel
' I! n$ |) x0 C6 o 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides$ t$ F* G( x. `+ w4 G+ p! H3 b
143. Blocking of lines of command and information3 n: q1 \5 x- B% K7 J
144. Stalling and obstruction) E) C7 h: ]& r; U; {6 S
145. General administrative noncooperation7 y7 k; l6 Z" w; ?) A" S/ O5 I* p
u- F0 h" q6 S, N3 v
146. Judicial noncooperation1 X" v" }0 T1 g* D0 g) H) a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" f7 o: b$ a" M$ l n0 z6 G5 H
148. Mutiny
' y& G3 M3 P: w, i# z1 e4 XDomestic Governmental Action8 X0 X, S; Q- M
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- D2 V. i) s. @; I0 w
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. W `7 ]5 x9 g& ?3 c* x" R" G1 r
. \/ k; t7 N( b/ C2 c# k7 VInternational Governmental Action% v: v5 `. U0 [7 a
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 Q/ b" y7 p* F8 b K5 S
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- ?$ [$ K, N' `1 D r" }4 k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- G) }; H/ v, V7 W. M 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 |1 ?8 N6 S5 M) U 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" k9 I2 T {% @& g e1 M; p% M/ E 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
, T+ ]/ U+ o b. A 157. Expulsion from international organizations" p/ U0 A2 y: P0 S
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
- s& r8 g+ U' [ i# ^ 158. Self-exposure to the elements- j7 {2 t# `1 m
159. The fast% i& [6 G; ]5 J O) h/ ]
a) Fast of moral pressure% x1 A' F! t. T) K* K
b) Hunger strike% ]. \1 B4 H- t: {8 h) Q) X9 y- d% m
c) Satyagrahic fast
& y" u2 L8 d O* y9 l: ? 160. Reverse trial
& O6 j. p( A* S0 `3 R: X 161. Nonviolent harassment# F* v7 w% ^% Y. n6 d
8 q0 P4 h- S6 m3 r5 K- Z9 H
Physical Intervention- {+ ]1 @5 V, P& u: i
162. Sit-in
* i. _ X* C Z2 Z 163. Stand-in4 ]) y6 {" P- j# _# d
164. Ride-in6 o8 y4 l0 w+ `3 I1 w
165. Wade-in T8 U" z& p, m( P- n
166. Mill-in
# F M. I) {8 ~ R9 m6 ?9 g 167. Pray-in, {( A( a9 J* T0 g3 b7 {
168. Nonviolent raids% S7 w9 ~; e+ q3 F7 W; U
169. Nonviolent air raids3 I7 r! O3 @9 Y" q
170. Nonviolent invasion
# z5 V2 O2 a0 {, k4 o; g5 T 171. Nonviolent interjection
4 s( | n1 _% c6 Z& ~ 172. Nonviolent obstruction. D W& l: N- |8 h' L1 N$ V
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention$ w% d% k- D2 g
174. Establishing new social patterns
5 [$ i; ^7 z7 e 175. Overloading of facilities
3 U! s8 c9 W0 z$ V 176. Stall-in
- C, W3 R+ O" |4 O8 ?/ a6 o 177. Speak-in
4 k. [; n1 f2 Z5 g* r 178. Guerrilla theater! ~* H s; N8 Z' S* e2 K6 f6 L
179. Alternative social institutions
' R; `) M# C5 I' B K 180. Alternative communication system" j5 o8 g. u$ \' U9 ^" I- M% V7 S9 u
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Economic Intervention
# w+ R) |# F+ r5 O1 Y 181. Reverse strike2 _" Q2 N, m. i/ @+ @
182. Stay-in strike
$ |% T$ J7 H/ @ 183. Nonviolent land seizure( @+ ]* y. G7 O8 s
184. Defiance of blockades. E* z/ J$ w' H1 h, y& P* }
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 }- S9 h) v' L2 `0 Y5 P4 H 186. Preclusive purchasing
, b9 |+ a" P( {' j 187. Seizure of assets4 o+ z5 P$ _ u$ P7 R2 [. ?
188. Dumping
) Z' B4 W( c2 s5 F& a1 | i 189. Selective patronage
, `4 b# m) _3 a3 A# r7 t 190. Alternative markets/ }3 V8 {1 u7 ^4 Z
191. Alternative transportation systems2 K8 f% A' A. K/ o# K4 h7 M* ?
192. Alternative economic institutions
/ e1 B& v+ G2 N- L: X& h9 A- K; U8 S* N: |$ |$ Q& Z
Political Intervention" Q6 C7 \" B( M4 E1 W
193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 ^& }+ C! f/ O2 J9 z( ^+ a2 [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
+ g$ c$ v* t( e+ t 195. Seeking imprisonment
+ L3 o3 Q& |8 Q! A- a* x 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 G9 `! n z0 m+ ?% F- B0 B 197. Work-on without collaboration4 y! I, L- [2 @! L+ ?6 n" {! r9 X
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. d) F O! X- k2 t! S# j# X
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
