 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& M6 c! W* A) J& ~. c" TFormal Statements9 a! J1 O8 r* `1 N$ b
1. Public Speeches8 ?+ K8 I n" p
2. Letters of opposition or support( i7 t2 B! `+ z! I- F
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions2 @8 P+ V7 i( L1 y7 d. s6 H: {
4. Signed public statements
$ M( O4 a O2 h b( k3 k 5. Declarations of indictment and intention% E ^3 i% @* P$ f, x: ?; `
6. Group or mass petitions
8 r) \( n2 ?" d" l/ _0 h' }
, B2 k! l: L4 q- T; ?) R; fCommunications with a Wider Audience
0 q/ ^/ d1 `" D, B& E4 E! U( j# _. Z u 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 x0 `! O) s+ u& n; R
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 h: t0 Z% Y9 b 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ Z6 [) k3 C8 s* I3 D: ? 10. Newspapers and journals u: w! s5 }! X, T1 T
11. Records, radio, and television6 |5 L) o8 D8 }2 n* T4 K
12. Skywriting and earthwriting' X- \: y& U/ @$ c, X- q
+ x/ U! C/ h4 [6 w3 x, hGroup Representations
5 }7 W5 g' L) ]. b. _( | 13. Deputations: L; G( p! H' A- [& B5 k# g
14. Mock awards R# Q; I3 b% \- Z
15. Group lobbying
* \2 W0 z: K8 i& g& R9 s 16. Picketing
, T; \; r/ S: ^7 G: V' I 17. Mock elections
6 X9 e& p3 N# c: x$ `6 n5 A5 E, ]3 N- A1 M
Symbolic Public Acts
3 Q( ~% e$ r& v- E5 g5 ~ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; k0 n+ f8 d# w0 R9 X 19. Wearing of symbols: ?$ |) F& s( z' ]; l2 k- _) S3 l
20. Prayer and worship
; B/ v) L; V* p8 ]' p 21. Delivering symbolic objects! F7 o4 b- R% K, d* J, W
22. Protest disrobings8 N5 B& W& a* j' Y' \
23. Destruction of own property
6 {8 P; d& g; I' H' k 24. Symbolic lights
# `" F, ^' B- h% K+ B! g7 U 25. Displays of portraits/ f: f2 d j0 g5 W; E a
26. Paint as protest& ~2 d, G4 h% ?6 o D2 K
27. New signs and names
R& Z' A' m0 w 28. Symbolic sounds6 x3 C0 ~6 q+ w1 ]) u* h8 s5 }
29. Symbolic reclamations2 ?0 z& r) J' r; g+ L0 o" n# v
30. Rude gestures* K( H* Y/ O( u6 m, U9 |: |7 b
0 j$ ~% `' ~8 N) FPressures on Individuals# u: ?7 T7 L5 b
31. “Haunting” officials3 a9 ]% o6 m" Y7 Z4 s
32. Taunting officials! Q: K3 z" E- |- J. |( D( J
33. Fraternization
; F/ v4 Y" L3 j- h; G! F 34. Vigils
1 o# _- C, N9 c! M' p
% P, G$ B, A* D3 S! N* w, BDrama and Music
r: q; |8 Y+ s' x( M4 ` J* B 35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 G. I- Z; v$ z 36. Performances of plays and music
( ^4 Q4 I Q: m/ X& ^ 37. Singing
6 @: `& v0 ?/ U8 a! `: q# e5 J5 k
- P, m0 A T/ b1 Y1 YProcessions; e) W0 n+ D$ c/ q
38. Marches7 J2 r$ O+ L' _" U7 S% X
39. Parades v3 D; R. _' H# h
40. Religious processions
# g/ \# z7 L+ ~+ S! B, G4 V 41. Pilgrimages
" U2 e+ }. U8 c8 c 42. Motorcades2 G7 r: {. i: r- R7 m1 A
* Y! L+ ` j8 C% R5 L8 J
Honoring the Dead
# @% H6 o [5 K4 Q 43. Political mourning
4 `8 G8 ^. \ R 44. Mock funerals
, s2 g" I" H1 D& D1 I/ s& m9 B 45. Demonstrative funerals
% A* y# o( p: Z# B 46. Homage at burial places
5 K, c+ \4 R. e- e
2 T: @9 z( X" W7 P% I5 ~6 dPublic Assemblies
1 \; {' w3 s$ p) m- b1 E 47. Assemblies of protest or support8 D+ k2 q+ S2 U
48. Protest meetings
9 t! n5 t" s% ]! l' J% } m! g 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# M% v- ]$ Y- w+ ~
50. Teach-ins5 }- c+ B& x' m4 c8 G5 U( ]
# }: v: u" R4 v! lWithdrawal and Renunciation
' u+ X: U& t9 Z6 X+ r; Q 51. Walk-outs
( |4 D4 F* o. d0 ]7 O" Y# q7 X 52. Silence- X# e/ ?* d' Y# e1 F
53. Renouncing honors
4 N- X: {/ G: h1 {- L/ |, h& u/ u X 54. Turning one’s back
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ Y+ K1 F$ S T. x
: L' ?$ L$ P( s6 e2 z
3 @! w0 w$ F; u" Z/ [
, v0 E1 [9 s1 g% I
Ostracism of Persons$ F' \; j0 k5 m# k. J
55. Social boycott% K2 c: e' m) [
56. Selective social boycott
; J0 H9 ]# V5 M4 R# l! ^) o+ ] 57. Lysistratic nonaction& q* X! w- _' V7 b# G
58. Excommunication
% b" }/ f7 a, c- W9 k. D, D$ I 59. Interdict
/ U6 ]; E1 ? m* V5 x0 m
. ?0 m: { I1 {; ~3 \0 W8 YNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 S, A0 f/ b- z4 }& z0 L
60. Suspension of social and sports activities- u" Z) X2 f3 r
61. Boycott of social affairs
1 ^) p" i4 M4 l6 D( v 62. Student strike
* ?% z9 e& q& a( ]2 I1 i 63. Social disobedience# a5 V/ s/ R( Y# i' x
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 o1 s$ k* _4 S( z% u4 m. W( v! u4 n2 ?* s
Withdrawal from the Social System3 A" Y" ?2 s, d! \
65. Stay-at-home
. V! C/ C0 Z. |% m2 [& @. i2 v' I$ F 66. Total personal noncooperation
' B) S. e7 b, ]6 r* J8 D 67. “Flight” of workers
9 w( e/ R* }8 ` 68. Sanctuary* e/ u3 i y6 v
69. Collective disappearance# Q% E) t5 t& }" g7 h
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 e I+ h1 e5 M
8 Q: m2 \3 \1 e2 Y% V5 p & Y- W$ ?# A- n6 |& C: t3 j
6 i9 Z1 y5 j1 ^0 G t) W" l$ GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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& d( x+ _/ K* E6 f: v+ e # _ ]) [ u5 M* u! h! ]4 @
Actions by Consumers
; C) n5 K5 q* W 71. Consumers’ boycott
2 ^2 { n8 ~" @ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. |3 M3 ]$ S3 E6 R 73. Policy of austerity, Q, h/ I5 P" Y1 w
74. Rent withholding
& T' b8 A( f2 |! V 75. Refusal to rent
3 l7 P y& q5 I0 P6 ] 76. National consumers’ boycott; ?2 R1 o- }% t$ A9 p( [0 R
77. International consumers’ boycott
7 K, E; {' Y5 H, Z2 {; F" o" x4 D/ X3 ~
Action by Workers and Producers' D% a8 T8 |! L0 D7 a* k
78. Workmen’s boycott2 n$ L, J$ y0 U4 n% Q
79. Producers’ boycott
9 n4 T" Y+ f2 R
0 q2 |, B* A4 mAction by Middlemen
) f% f1 [) N+ C( |" \ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% f6 B. g3 I( ~) i* j0 l9 V# i+ G; R5 `& \1 S
Action by Owners and Management
' Q$ @: W' H4 g" } 81. Traders’ boycott0 @! z" h7 a0 {2 s7 q+ c
82. Refusal to let or sell property
, e+ A; O7 J* ]( U& f/ q 83. Lockout5 r: v/ T4 E4 e0 V' w
84. Refusal of industrial assistance% ]2 [5 V; N$ z- A
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
8 c9 P e- p7 a/ I% e, f+ E5 [9 }8 U7 g- s3 N5 A$ Y. d
Action by Holders of Financial Resources1 n8 p7 ^: }3 r8 q5 E5 o/ _3 b* ?
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 v9 B! O* ~+ g+ c) f 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% D. p. k! E$ L4 A9 G5 L! B
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 C. ^* z" n( L7 R8 o5 R" j
89. Severance of funds and credit
" y$ t% `5 K* p* m/ _ 90. Revenue refusal
0 m7 Y" k) O3 a0 `) U* t4 ^& \* E 91. Refusal of a government’s money
" W$ P2 _8 c0 H$ `3 q* T
4 N& w( n* z" S/ Q+ rAction by Governments
1 Z2 Z9 q7 Y$ [9 I7 k 92. Domestic embargo6 R" B2 `9 A! [! f8 a7 i" @$ f
93. Blacklisting of traders* A2 J: [: e% j
94. International sellers’ embargo. X" {: Q# o) M1 j
95. International buyers’ embargo
: u4 G6 ~* e8 C% `& F6 z4 E' j" X1 { 96. International trade embargo! q( X; a9 u- }$ |+ D
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; C) n c, K" [4 g4 @. BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! A* `/ R- N, W) M' p' m/ X+ w
3 q- L! i. ?8 Q6 [3 \8 D
( ?( P% G) o# i$ rSymbolic Strikes) o+ K$ }) L3 x$ ~3 C
97. Protest strike
- r& c3 L f1 U/ {9 x 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)' o: d, ]9 q! T& _2 n4 m2 P
' G B8 c9 l' s& Q: I4 s' bAgricultural Strikes
" n# ~- @ O& j5 _ P# x. S 99. Peasant strike
" G1 s/ C' x3 _# F& _- V 100. Farm Workers’ strike
) ^1 j) J/ Q' j! M$ c$ e& ?' D$ ~2 E+ a9 S# q+ A
Strikes by Special Groups
( `- n P1 U9 b1 q; ` 101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 U% s' G/ h$ v% H3 A 102. Prisoners’ strike
2 A. Q2 ~9 _$ p; P 103. Craft strike0 e+ v# I. \, ~
104. Professional strike
q( u( j+ a$ ~" s8 r' g0 v+ }/ y$ A+ @! g( ]0 k8 K! U
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
- M1 I/ V2 H; d! l 105. Establishment strike
4 d; L# I6 S7 p% l1 h 106. Industry strike2 F( f' K2 S; c# i! a8 y. ?0 W6 V
107. Sympathetic strike! C* X0 |* R9 Z; p3 m1 }& y
( S; O0 c! N5 B0 H+ w3 v1 c8 i
Restricted Strikes) }6 C3 N3 N7 d- o) \
108. Detailed strike
. ~; h) K; O4 m 109. Bumper strike
5 i- ^. D/ z% ]3 @ 110. Slowdown strike$ w0 o. w/ w1 b9 f9 n
111. Working-to-rule strike% p0 j7 h) B: y
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)5 w) `7 T- Y u" t4 D8 S: z
113. Strike by resignation7 T' \4 N9 W1 G
114. Limited strike; T3 J! @3 a2 X7 V3 J% w
115. Selective strike+ w" C. g) g+ b- Z' v/ L4 y8 X2 X
" I/ I w2 T8 K& s; h* t# s: eMulti-Industry Strikes
3 M! R0 C$ a) I5 W& O9 }( d* a6 \4 @& I2 {1 T/ p F7 b
116. Generalized strike
- N$ s" D. P7 E. k+ g m3 q; e2 ^1 b1 Q' ?8 c" L
117. General strike# C* J% k# P0 ^4 G8 l8 g
. S# B5 Y5 J2 {* b8 SCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ p2 h( L; F! T% M3 y( d6 U
$ S2 f0 ^# K9 \" x 118. Hartal0 Z. x$ y3 ] J% U$ n" n/ j$ O; F
9 U5 i# s, J3 Q G0 S
119. Economic shutdown
. h# F* B: B0 v6 R5 W4 A8 F6 S, }' U" Y K, V S, ^, M
9 j8 H0 `9 J1 S( T/ ?, A: {4 ?; z! b$ z/ A/ \! Z
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
1 @" ^) |7 C2 ?+ @3 x! |" y
1 C! |! C( X9 |' {
( ?& T E/ T( iRejection of Authority! v$ v# m( b& f4 c% F
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 }) p; O6 r# V! I: s2 n
121. Refusal of public support5 }5 W9 ?, Q; @6 ?5 a, u$ D
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: f' y' `; U4 ]! O$ B
$ u5 \! \$ t) j5 q; E2 {( @Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 V: E, p+ I& H0 S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
9 L/ U7 M; u5 ~( L4 ?2 G# d1 P+ l 124. Boycott of elections0 z* i% \4 P6 L2 q. m
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 |2 l) F2 d7 K E' e: M 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
7 O3 c8 ~9 N5 l' { G 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
}; e- [4 K/ y ?. j1 F 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( L1 T$ _* [: M7 l* |
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 P/ ~$ |# v( g5 ?# J
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) Z( Z! Q+ Z* @2 a
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 h, k" Q( d; H& b+ ? 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions9 H: [5 r) b' ]. F* a" O$ x; A$ g
0 V: \( w6 g! c V! q" q6 i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 F& H" U) R' a, d- `# `0 i, Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 Z; @6 R+ \. h 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 c) E9 s0 }( S" N( V# S0 f' L, b0 h 135. Popular nonobedience; L9 Y# Q8 R+ Q& Z3 V
136. Disguised disobedience0 ?5 H$ M) D7 q( |
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
/ z7 K4 m) ?; s L 138. Sitdown
) z+ N5 X( ?: s 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ o7 x( @, @ ^) ^. Z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
: {$ b9 [, E, J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws9 t9 u8 x2 K& P r0 m5 D
) j/ D5 x4 j0 J* A6 W8 d& T
Action by Government Personnel
: S2 b5 X2 E; x; p" I0 r8 C 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
) M9 ]( r" _' v0 X# K 143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 g' @( [/ C( V/ q, Z
144. Stalling and obstruction- ^$ L& e# ]+ Z- {" [7 r% i
145. General administrative noncooperation6 q( S1 H+ U; R, @" Q7 ]
. {. P4 l! m' s& V$ `+ ]
146. Judicial noncooperation
7 j$ X6 H3 y. g8 D" s! k' ~' R 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# K& i1 d- @( y; \ 148. Mutiny
3 U! F' ~2 E% l5 \: ^. n& TDomestic Governmental Action5 b2 X, G0 x, U% _, k* _; s
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: C' V, \% }" x4 y' I" W 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# m( X+ j( D" I! J7 c8 p) S& u# c8 u1 g9 Y
International Governmental Action
- Z7 P& B! n( m! G. w 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ b; h/ J. g& R 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" d# w* ]" }+ E( W. [& L 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ \. m6 l- [( ?! ^/ U
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- L6 x. a7 Y7 w 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
# j4 H! E! C% }+ N. q' O6 {! l8 P! u 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
% T" Q& |. _/ G. s( K, Y& Y 157. Expulsion from international organizations
; D0 H, `0 V) i& v9 `, o) p) |( G6 \+ {$ ~+ z# m
% A# A9 b% J1 o. ]1 {! c5 B; B. [% Y6 c* _; }& j
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 ^: {+ q( D2 ?' P
" z8 S+ C' F* l5 E: y% E ; _* J" C, s6 @# j6 T% f# F
Psychological Intervention
# F6 `/ Y7 k- B4 X( x6 D) C 158. Self-exposure to the elements
" X8 O2 i. V- J: V! C) K. A' a 159. The fast; F& ]0 f7 e! E
a) Fast of moral pressure
! x4 y* @* m8 Y8 f g" m b) Hunger strike1 ?7 @: ^" j* f, e
c) Satyagrahic fast
6 }" H, @# y, v+ V/ g 160. Reverse trial& b( u$ b6 q2 v5 P! d3 W, g& t' a
161. Nonviolent harassment
$ F k% f. R8 ~7 P* w! T' k( F7 ^8 F6 z1 G
Physical Intervention
2 M' ]6 x7 j& \4 L8 f+ ?" m 162. Sit-in
" @# M X/ r# {) B: V$ S# R8 k+ F4 d 163. Stand-in" N: Q8 B1 G; x
164. Ride-in
3 x" w7 z1 |2 u& S& S# d3 ? 165. Wade-in* r' |4 a: e2 {) r: L. c
166. Mill-in
2 G7 d6 S. U$ q C) H f9 c6 p5 [ 167. Pray-in$ k3 C) X! Q% c' G4 u+ Q. X
168. Nonviolent raids3 f5 a* G+ U, H4 g* P
169. Nonviolent air raids3 l. J* [ D* s
170. Nonviolent invasion) h' W; u6 |1 `5 @. j+ H: w# r% F e
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 k$ S- H- K) M [ 172. Nonviolent obstruction3 y( q& C4 s# S1 m9 [
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
; A4 V3 ?! C3 N5 {) w* |9 Y) E 174. Establishing new social patterns
( n( t' Y% t* t6 {* a3 @ 175. Overloading of facilities
& S* p1 S- q* L. @8 W) f6 W 176. Stall-in
2 e! J/ S: v9 t n( d$ e3 H& I: f' B3 Y 177. Speak-in
1 Y: Y: I- A) h( s 178. Guerrilla theater7 o3 q2 B0 Q/ T1 ^
179. Alternative social institutions. k1 J' `) S! K% g/ l' t
180. Alternative communication system
9 ~/ q, u9 t, ^% A9 j
- Q [/ Y$ V( k% {3 W+ hEconomic Intervention
5 Z+ t0 r( ~$ G" N* i4 C+ B' B7 ~: K 181. Reverse strike5 u T# O4 i" d5 E3 x" ^* E9 [- l( l, R
182. Stay-in strike( j, u( f/ O4 e2 j8 @
183. Nonviolent land seizure& q8 x) \8 [2 J* x
184. Defiance of blockades
# ^0 o3 Y( |+ } 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! W( } [- ^0 Y
186. Preclusive purchasing3 x7 f3 y# i1 O$ g
187. Seizure of assets9 N2 _* x. `9 @3 w
188. Dumping
6 L$ E0 W' N% m6 A+ G 189. Selective patronage
' W' `( ^ c5 k4 E! H3 l' w 190. Alternative markets9 ]' P& C2 u1 T) g/ i! d
191. Alternative transportation systems
' Z' m: t; }7 s# v1 C/ ]5 k! P. g3 q 192. Alternative economic institutions2 U* A- ]/ d( L" a( P
: W4 Q; c. [( }; S, ^ YPolitical Intervention5 R3 ?8 d/ {; h% j A) R6 F
193. Overloading of administrative systems
% x! m# h7 K8 z$ S 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents* g2 X, A$ J1 ?; l/ s4 Y) B6 w5 j+ @% A: k
195. Seeking imprisonment& Z- X- v6 o: ^5 n' H$ o
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws( C0 h: x: `- Z4 D' V3 _2 D
197. Work-on without collaboration
0 `5 i/ {* _( e8 W2 I5 m 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government t8 g5 ~ X; }, U
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
