 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ }& q/ a m% J! Z9 A
Formal Statements, v7 r! K. Q( j* A) [# W. l
1. Public Speeches0 ~5 T& y6 }+ o( x9 z
2. Letters of opposition or support0 }: u( D5 M7 V; S! |
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
- k! K! X Q" k; Y o) d 4. Signed public statements$ p% G. w+ p0 F6 z6 W
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. z1 o# b( D/ l# C: n 6. Group or mass petitions
9 j/ }% c# Q( n* N
: s0 c/ ~) E3 n! I7 I- SCommunications with a Wider Audience9 s" y2 |0 a# X- x* _
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 E5 g1 L0 X4 Y) l, b8 D# A1 a+ o
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! e4 |& r8 ?' G6 a
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
|; D0 N! b) p2 T 10. Newspapers and journals4 l" ?9 W4 F5 o- h
11. Records, radio, and television; P' O2 d+ J3 G1 g+ Y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
: J9 E/ F* \& v# I$ m% H1 b( i& g' _& c% Y% T8 v' N
Group Representations* j# w4 w& F/ o; {# s: r% p; `, t
13. Deputations* r, ]* z5 `* l! b' {' F. k& E
14. Mock awards
- k& w# x- E) O) M | 15. Group lobbying, ]. ^8 v# L+ ]! e" W B, {
16. Picketing
' J0 f" M" n* {1 W" W# y. K: { 17. Mock elections0 V8 |- N- B: t# F
& Z" U7 i- _$ ?8 E7 t# vSymbolic Public Acts
& e% a% N& Y( } 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 b, r) R3 @9 j
19. Wearing of symbols& |' L0 `3 c7 d8 N. n$ Y/ E3 ~
20. Prayer and worship; p- v( f5 N5 D
21. Delivering symbolic objects
, ~% {; Y& Y; H% w$ H: g 22. Protest disrobings
6 F! s+ p& q8 b: V 23. Destruction of own property
* L) I. e2 j/ Q 24. Symbolic lights
& L8 t; B" _. n 25. Displays of portraits
2 D B; g, o* {5 E) ] i4 g, O 26. Paint as protest
" G) o' M! T: j: _+ l& U 27. New signs and names9 d7 b) {, r g2 z& _7 |
28. Symbolic sounds
+ M( o, G5 {6 u+ t( j9 N! t2 N% q 29. Symbolic reclamations& R& D! R1 }. c9 \0 d& G, T
30. Rude gestures
* z# U" o" j. T0 m; Y# S" o" K
$ K0 `/ o, d' o- z$ q7 G) uPressures on Individuals) x5 ^. x- ~, K6 H; e+ K; A: u
31. “Haunting” officials
1 N" V6 J; `/ y T! Z1 Q! z$ j5 t; Q 32. Taunting officials
! g1 ]. F+ R- X/ v5 G% @$ { 33. Fraternization- Y1 X* L" F; p3 t, l) S
34. Vigils& D2 n" Q% c4 C5 M' E8 A
: f. a N* F" K; t. L) S* r$ p
Drama and Music4 }, x3 t) p3 Z% a1 r
35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 i, G" U! [) j( z# m 36. Performances of plays and music
+ R/ d; \6 k. J1 {& w7 v; S/ U* J 37. Singing2 V* g+ Q# l. n! A' n9 Z, h; u
$ m& i$ r! v9 @5 Q. \Processions
* r* G, L7 ^: I% g 38. Marches
- |) j; p' T" u3 _$ y0 y2 O5 c& A* C' y 39. Parades* _: {: g8 O2 V' `; q! M
40. Religious processions4 N. S' P6 {" z8 [
41. Pilgrimages
5 }4 g# r, U- ]7 R! {5 u* V, D% s 42. Motorcades& f' U, e# R5 \6 S4 ]; @/ W
; Y( X$ j. E4 [* s
Honoring the Dead
" [- v. f4 F. ~/ B7 T5 w. u 43. Political mourning
9 J& d- I) B- D1 w$ u" u( K H 44. Mock funerals+ {4 a2 p0 T. w5 c3 a
45. Demonstrative funerals
& L: l! c) C: j2 n9 S& s 46. Homage at burial places
, K( y4 w' U% v- O B8 X, A) c- x8 U: z3 Q! O n) V. L; [
Public Assemblies
; `- Z9 S1 B4 I 47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 @! n& e$ O5 D0 z, ] 48. Protest meetings
: u- q! z! Z9 n: O) q# R+ r) b' E, A ` 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 _8 Z0 @: h9 U: A x1 r
50. Teach-ins
8 \7 j+ C n5 q1 [' Y1 y2 b% X J" Y. n" Y3 \% O0 Y4 a; \
Withdrawal and Renunciation4 R0 r0 r- r7 z
51. Walk-outs
. d; d9 I- c6 i: E, f: M2 N$ H 52. Silence
7 c7 h+ q! l+ K! K 53. Renouncing honors
3 v7 `% j; {9 K6 L2 O) k 54. Turning one’s back
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; O8 K2 z! I" Q/ F 8 k. g! ?3 ?$ \9 W3 p
9 h6 o* `7 P0 y2 _7 U
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* ?: D. s& y7 I6 \% M2 O& H4 b k% ]$ v, j
" E- v: U( V6 _6 P
; W/ O0 j+ H" C7 cOstracism of Persons
. J4 d& k# Z7 ^8 t6 Q 55. Social boycott9 Q( M7 z1 G! G7 Y, O6 D, H4 M
56. Selective social boycott
4 p/ j5 I. F5 W5 R B" V1 m4 C 57. Lysistratic nonaction
. X3 ]6 g& A; p9 j. [% U 58. Excommunication" X9 y! o$ a+ t1 _7 t) K. U; ]+ f
59. Interdict( f+ R$ @4 j6 k( S" }: g
9 J) ]8 X+ W" E. n9 }
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 B9 h# \' B' Z( j+ s4 Y 60. Suspension of social and sports activities) u, W* a, x3 a. Z
61. Boycott of social affairs
- X: Y8 Z" O7 I1 p: o! O 62. Student strike
~: A$ M' S: Q6 O X! Y0 E7 R 63. Social disobedience
; D: [3 |+ o% N( `! A1 u1 i 64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 s4 n d6 Q9 `/ ^# o7 _ s2 ^
1 b, f# Q4 s: I0 w7 I, q
Withdrawal from the Social System
) Y; D5 l+ z- [: z+ R 65. Stay-at-home8 w8 y% U6 c7 n* T& n u. L/ W2 x
66. Total personal noncooperation
; |, ?% s. {+ |9 |7 b' t 67. “Flight” of workers
1 w- N4 `8 ]7 P: T 68. Sanctuary0 p) d, q# P& J. s
69. Collective disappearance
& R$ @ |2 r \+ m9 C# p 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' A0 T6 ?0 `; }8 n U% P* j
3 x2 S8 F1 M/ j* q* D% P ' ~1 z( D3 k% k8 j- C* G3 ?
2 S6 {: p- [6 i* l* U9 c
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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/ x0 C/ H; |* f6 X1 sActions by Consumers* n6 ?; k# k5 t
71. Consumers’ boycott1 z; x) l- K8 ~4 f0 z4 [' V
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 M' m2 t$ _1 A) P 73. Policy of austerity
+ Z0 K" [1 X# q- o& M7 E 74. Rent withholding
. G! V& x- C9 z3 X8 p1 u 75. Refusal to rent3 @9 v; a% b: ~$ l: w% v& `
76. National consumers’ boycott$ a* l1 z) m9 Q# ^3 K( o7 W* m6 E
77. International consumers’ boycott5 J) o! \, H0 n9 E/ t1 u# O
. v0 f- F4 S$ B' _( J% _Action by Workers and Producers
2 y9 h/ D$ x% n3 k& X+ O5 m 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ r: C7 |6 C. x2 [2 ~0 u 79. Producers’ boycott
/ \+ V" d; q: o" A4 z5 G6 a# H% U# Z
Action by Middlemen$ L2 X% Y; W1 g- `! s" P) Y/ Z$ n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. Z R6 t4 g" p0 W! d3 L, i6 Y5 W4 l
; w$ ]3 k: x: T6 P: [Action by Owners and Management
/ `1 E! u( k K: ? 81. Traders’ boycott+ }( R; `7 P1 I% g" m
82. Refusal to let or sell property
, N& k/ N5 ~2 K- f3 x 83. Lockout, n* [% O' x4 w& o8 S
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- ?" I2 m6 i1 [ g( r 85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 ~$ t8 Y9 n0 m8 _1 @4 j8 n
. u; Z9 B. \; }5 e
Action by Holders of Financial Resources! l; u. _, z" m9 \1 T, z9 j! I" G
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( [6 L8 ]. k+ Y3 {6 @ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, q9 A. q0 t( n' [2 }# z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; i1 c3 R# ` j9 a1 h( t9 P( U 89. Severance of funds and credit6 S% N; P4 e9 U1 A
90. Revenue refusal
# g: Z1 Z! K5 q; |+ X' s5 w 91. Refusal of a government’s money
! [9 h6 i2 n: u7 L; e
3 \& `! s( H: F) o5 ~Action by Governments9 u' e \1 U& M8 Q
92. Domestic embargo C; H7 ?; j0 A6 {$ G1 I
93. Blacklisting of traders; w/ c: l( e0 j7 a& F1 M/ |0 f6 d
94. International sellers’ embargo
/ S8 o! V( C% u$ @: e! M; l. c 95. International buyers’ embargo' F( f' h4 U& c9 G) d1 F6 D
96. International trade embargo
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; N0 z+ Y; N( m7 ~1 J+ p, t% V3 U) `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' j; m3 ^0 ?2 i' b- R/ t
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) Q0 _; Y% g8 k: r6 F' s# xSymbolic Strikes) `: d; B. b A1 q; t
97. Protest strike9 w8 D q( a9 H. @
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. n R. L0 Y1 l i3 U: f
; }1 G; [- o) X/ ZAgricultural Strikes
5 @6 j; d. V8 A# J f( Q2 i$ J9 L 99. Peasant strike
7 t' ~ O- d5 t8 c5 A% Q8 ~+ o 100. Farm Workers’ strike+ h/ h! s0 H; \; H+ @2 ~
6 S( ^# \& E: f. \
Strikes by Special Groups; V! U) y% [8 l9 |9 b
101. Refusal of impressed labor! ?1 L1 c' e% ^* Q) w& U
102. Prisoners’ strike
" \/ |2 D! m5 _( { 103. Craft strike
2 V- }' H8 j- R5 |. d 104. Professional strike
" [, @2 [: r, i# I# M9 m/ R* Z7 F* b
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
( r4 a O9 @. f3 t. Z 105. Establishment strike/ d' p1 a& t( ]/ o, n
106. Industry strike6 e! \, m# I3 u" X3 v2 h9 [
107. Sympathetic strike; K' l' p. G" ~! s* I4 N% J
/ u2 _9 b, i! U, N
Restricted Strikes' Y) D. [3 F% S* M7 r
108. Detailed strike- z8 I: o) G8 A; Y. \* r) n0 B
109. Bumper strike& K" E2 g8 `9 r, M
110. Slowdown strike
( j) S: F$ b$ D+ f+ K 111. Working-to-rule strike+ @+ p0 V2 L- H
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: y( }, t! ^2 I* K# b# h5 W8 B! s 113. Strike by resignation
. N( H; a# M( I4 R" G* r+ a" ` 114. Limited strike
+ {; d! ~& k1 Z 115. Selective strike" {0 K8 Q2 P: h4 n; ~& O" Z
1 \8 i8 N. R8 q3 r; f& d; e$ b! R2 m
Multi-Industry Strikes
5 B$ H' I2 w$ n7 E N2 g* V* Q" \0 p$ }2 s9 i+ A
116. Generalized strike
7 J# E9 k5 M# @1 r+ [* x6 i6 F- p5 C% s' P, [
117. General strike
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% e0 W& W7 j; g% Q. SCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
& \- Z. l. M0 _! U$ M% j* j
: X" n: H' e+ I 118. Hartal7 d: y& O5 q6 j0 k( l* q$ |
! @( ]- D3 T0 _! L- f- _ 119. Economic shutdown
. u4 C" p* S: m; b) z* b" H3 V$ q8 o( X* [- Y& ?7 l7 `
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
1 E! N" q$ W$ {, N 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 _. Z# x5 k5 ]* `: Z( C, G) i
121. Refusal of public support6 J; |7 H" u8 s- A1 e% U: Z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
# E9 f- y" {2 T, R* w
" c! A' T" z# q( Z6 Q o% R$ PCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 _" U' z6 O; B& {% n; _
123. Boycott of legislative bodies* z( |- B0 m* X' i
124. Boycott of elections( {6 W# Q0 X" }; ~2 K4 ]( c+ `0 w
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* I1 }7 b K, ]( Y5 I5 [+ n* Z- X, p 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: L: R$ v1 h* a4 Q/ t* G 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) Y* N/ a3 z( q3 j# c; \ s p( y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. e3 a0 [, |6 ]+ k, N# v& b" q/ e 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 Z: B- g+ s0 n& j) g. T 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) b& F: ]; k1 |6 P
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 b2 M) b5 B* n
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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" x: I( b" @9 MCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( {' u) R& B- W& Y5 s: W5 J( I 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' A1 |. z6 h; m- x$ ] 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ u( C$ D! l( V" B 135. Popular nonobedience
' E9 R2 d) L1 t 136. Disguised disobedience' f! v4 f2 z7 t n1 p) }
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% I* w8 R+ N3 K. o8 b! w4 E9 r( U
138. Sitdown: ?" p1 Y' K% x" Z5 c
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. V/ L+ l( n+ G7 r
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; u3 K4 b' L6 i. B" N- n% n3 E
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* U, `, p0 Q" S/ E
# R6 b6 M6 H; x
Action by Government Personnel
' H& R$ K' F/ z4 G, o 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 K) _' [5 k& r! [ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 N! G& X- r3 W
144. Stalling and obstruction
* ~7 R0 @) L" N5 @& e" l 145. General administrative noncooperation
1 X7 {# { B8 N2 p$ H
7 Z7 T: M. o8 R% [' T 146. Judicial noncooperation4 L% W3 q- H H
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# V3 k9 i8 a8 S3 I 148. Mutiny2 Y! K* k8 S. A1 T& E2 g4 p# j( f
Domestic Governmental Action
+ B8 A! z; w6 E" t 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ T1 q" n2 ~+ {3 J6 p5 V8 j 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 U+ i( C' k0 D `
% d4 G# g2 k8 _2 Y# X$ U0 _International Governmental Action
+ P* R2 M. |" s4 L9 q. O( ] 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 ^+ c* ?! Y7 Q: e- J 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 p9 Y& a" t p8 e. X
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
( s/ W0 m1 _ A* W/ r 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: F5 ?! I$ L1 l7 `; U C5 A8 k$ a 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, t9 ^& z# r' {2 _# q& a 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 ]/ a( ` j' M& O, G+ D
157. Expulsion from international organizations
% Z- z- @% s% J) q+ N# G8 p9 d3 Z Q. v9 w1 l/ X
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$ D: N- f4 a% N7 m, A$ Z
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
" {6 C$ k* d4 w/ ? 158. Self-exposure to the elements
' P" b9 t- s8 w1 I4 _ 159. The fast+ [0 O# _6 u: U, ~! o$ G
a) Fast of moral pressure2 |# F* I: k2 A" t% k
b) Hunger strike
' w/ y, n1 _, g% z c) Satyagrahic fast. \5 l- }0 B0 S6 O% y, P) P0 ^
160. Reverse trial
: }1 O e0 }) J, w9 ~ 161. Nonviolent harassment
2 A4 }+ Y# l( C' g: ?2 [8 l2 V: G' A* J- a
Physical Intervention
" F2 ?$ S% _( q% v* ~2 E 162. Sit-in
0 y# X, w) C Q" |! k 163. Stand-in- |2 }% F% L+ |, ?3 s9 p1 r: X
164. Ride-in, E- \/ r% C; n, b( E# B
165. Wade-in: R/ W3 l9 p1 l- l7 y, `$ w
166. Mill-in
8 j0 {, h7 X* A! U 167. Pray-in4 F( e1 Y! F0 ]1 `
168. Nonviolent raids& u1 r" H% w o: ^# }
169. Nonviolent air raids
( d- j9 G X& Q4 e5 N 170. Nonviolent invasion5 p1 {% n: R3 ]9 Z/ ]' U' u
171. Nonviolent interjection: y1 x! @8 l" ]. p- r* m5 g1 ?
172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 z( @ I5 `% G" Q4 x, l 173. Nonviolent occupation0 e( U" a6 g% K, H% Q, I
m& B D/ Q4 j+ O4 \1 qSocial Intervention
7 c x @& T9 z" ?8 g1 p 174. Establishing new social patterns6 q* F" X. Z/ }$ d
175. Overloading of facilities1 N" Y. n. [0 @7 u/ j1 X
176. Stall-in6 k U7 U9 ?& b0 a0 y/ [$ U% g
177. Speak-in; P3 o8 l! X7 Q3 {% K
178. Guerrilla theater
. V$ l+ r! U" c% G+ l& _0 c2 I 179. Alternative social institutions
' |- `; Z3 `2 l3 p: F. s2 ^ 180. Alternative communication system/ {7 q7 C' ~1 `5 ]
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Economic Intervention
# I% x3 e& n Y% m0 o% U 181. Reverse strike. s( H0 V" N& O8 O" P# M
182. Stay-in strike/ F/ e g8 d* ^
183. Nonviolent land seizure% |9 S9 S+ C6 `; E3 `
184. Defiance of blockades
$ w; A7 N& @" U 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 r7 |' t3 K( P/ q% Y( B. \$ N 186. Preclusive purchasing, Z7 e2 G3 G; `0 X5 |" C- a9 h
187. Seizure of assets
4 D, O& K# w+ w6 f 188. Dumping u. s) ?# w% G# ^8 k
189. Selective patronage
! J# z. V* X+ ]: R 190. Alternative markets1 F) v* M2 i9 e" f2 U& ]
191. Alternative transportation systems
- H! W$ m( p; W4 T& J- B 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention
% z1 D I5 f1 P 193. Overloading of administrative systems
{8 c8 ]5 c* z ?' p1 s# C 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
I/ |- X- |& \( e! V9 ? 195. Seeking imprisonment8 \% c$ i# j0 {# ^5 w
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, l) B2 T! D: r( X
197. Work-on without collaboration" L r- X3 g- l) m9 N
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
