 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
4 j/ o) d5 b6 P' ZFormal Statements
1 f! y7 T& ]+ D: B2 h 1. Public Speeches, h5 N: ^/ Y4 V
2. Letters of opposition or support
2 `1 X; v" d4 p; `6 L) L/ C. o 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions5 Y! N, s5 u2 w+ }# A$ o
4. Signed public statements& D! Q# k( d4 b6 b
5. Declarations of indictment and intention) e; `3 {* W* x$ W% [ O
6. Group or mass petitions' k1 r) [4 o3 d$ ~' l
; H8 h* k7 o6 s: l: s9 v
Communications with a Wider Audience
( Z2 N6 a: ^/ j: ~3 J9 w 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 b% Z, l# M& h% E+ R. C* l+ p2 M 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. G) u/ Q1 \+ f! U. T0 N- B- T# } 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ {' ~; V3 B, a6 f" U- Q
10. Newspapers and journals& c7 Z. ~$ y1 y2 K! p4 @/ s
11. Records, radio, and television: F% F# ]8 q& r
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 `6 V' Y5 h, D
! p, H0 X& w8 Y6 n- f; w" h+ MGroup Representations% a( s L8 w( O1 l
13. Deputations
: P% Y6 A" r" P0 i4 d- h/ ~ 14. Mock awards. p/ p o# c* ~
15. Group lobbying2 q& a4 ~" D# b. K, a1 F r, h
16. Picketing( B, ~5 J+ `$ [5 R) H. O9 a% L- R
17. Mock elections
" s- v) ?; V3 q; r c; O( c
" F! y+ k. D0 w0 }# ^Symbolic Public Acts
# J: F" R E- e$ F 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( q9 @, k Y0 ^, q1 ~# u
19. Wearing of symbols
$ D2 t) C: C' _' L( J 20. Prayer and worship; R4 P+ }7 K3 Q9 M7 g$ }
21. Delivering symbolic objects W0 }* x5 d2 L* T. C, ^1 L5 T. x
22. Protest disrobings
3 G0 D" B0 C3 e2 A- Z5 X& m" s 23. Destruction of own property
; I8 `! R* u6 I0 C& Y 24. Symbolic lights, k/ l- h- w, [! q, z2 x
25. Displays of portraits
" C/ k) ~+ M0 P 26. Paint as protest, a& J3 U! P8 e4 N' q4 a
27. New signs and names
) a0 Y' r8 t6 i5 P2 D 28. Symbolic sounds8 f, q; Z8 n: A; P1 B/ U% c
29. Symbolic reclamations
7 n3 C9 U9 w0 f+ z1 D 30. Rude gestures2 V, g; q. ?. h5 O2 S8 u& ]
W/ Y8 t. R. |9 j
Pressures on Individuals
# F& o, e n4 g" _0 u 31. “Haunting” officials, M2 q$ Q. p6 Z" I
32. Taunting officials
4 O* ?, ^' l5 c; S: _- _ 33. Fraternization
0 M; Z2 A7 h" m# u7 E g 34. Vigils; E6 g7 O% L$ R2 q( C/ p2 s
. y& S# \ l8 \Drama and Music
% {, x5 c& k. Z/ U 35. Humorous skits and pranks
: z- }0 `8 Q2 X: d 36. Performances of plays and music
5 o% R) J5 J$ W+ C) x) o: { 37. Singing! j' @2 G) |$ |7 R2 Z! X) T1 \
3 _1 t) O+ b' W h6 I& j, oProcessions
; F* T' b2 {: i6 m 38. Marches8 H; j. l: V9 U9 j) S
39. Parades7 ` W" e6 j$ e3 v8 \2 Z2 M
40. Religious processions2 Z% a+ @: Q, W, C
41. Pilgrimages$ b/ j3 R7 I! D; d/ c
42. Motorcades
; N1 k6 U/ \8 p( r2 Z) c5 r
5 F0 P! a# g0 ?! r3 zHonoring the Dead5 Y. h& n4 R$ Q ]1 R
43. Political mourning
4 {. J, |8 q/ R8 n 44. Mock funerals
1 l' O' g; E. Q* ]- @3 I; \& p. @ 45. Demonstrative funerals
: Z& N9 o2 B7 C! M& [; r' R0 u 46. Homage at burial places& S) c; D% q% ~& x. \6 @
/ h/ x& e# g4 l- I f
Public Assemblies
* w: Z4 |9 y" r6 o 47. Assemblies of protest or support# i& K2 }' x$ _0 [
48. Protest meetings
8 U. ~1 \, e9 a+ y) E$ B& o) P+ \2 N/ w 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( N) F; a9 W. ] ~/ |0 F 50. Teach-ins
( R" i, b% r, f3 k/ i0 z" _8 q1 P3 F. v8 C ^/ Z+ ^
Withdrawal and Renunciation
) q* S% _1 T I/ d# d 51. Walk-outs& G9 I2 Z _- V- u$ Q
52. Silence3 Q1 _6 O! ^( J
53. Renouncing honors
, l* A* D2 t% ^0 w$ }1 ~ 54. Turning one’s back
4 C8 j) F1 w+ }& w/ X6 J; ^
1 ]8 p# h) y7 B% d) v- w1 V
- p6 t- x; E2 z1 l8 ]
! D3 `/ X4 f# L7 `0 aTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
9 e0 @0 K3 v6 e/ Y+ r- v: c; ]* G, q- H6 c% m
! K1 }6 S; _* K
1 }% W. ?0 X* l8 WOstracism of Persons9 N- u; M% D6 r' }& N3 Q9 h
55. Social boycott
; o, W+ u* O. I% l7 F 56. Selective social boycott
6 W* N) N3 ~: h( W, ^ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 A ~5 `5 Y' X6 n/ h5 ? 58. Excommunication
# S6 }+ n7 O4 U2 x3 i5 X 59. Interdict
7 V1 G* E* S9 [0 e: W: }9 `' J& h% {: \
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 Y* E# D( v$ `; M) F 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 L D, M& C4 }, Q# R! W 61. Boycott of social affairs
; b! U2 h8 `- P3 h: e/ y 62. Student strike. e4 K7 P; P- \
63. Social disobedience( l3 k" G1 a2 r+ F% P
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 T* `. p5 F; T8 R
7 g+ M* z! w7 q( g/ o' FWithdrawal from the Social System
4 I% Q, R) |& k7 n 65. Stay-at-home
" h V8 u, j& \& _ 66. Total personal noncooperation
: K" x: L+ g) ~! @ 67. “Flight” of workers
5 y) ?- b& ]) l; E! A* P' m6 h6 r 68. Sanctuary+ {/ F/ Q# j9 e. ?+ Z5 B6 C
69. Collective disappearance; a+ T. \9 W9 \$ u4 r
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 Q, B+ K6 J' r' j; W% p$ R* a
) C, r5 T" }. ]6 ~& t" R# K- K9 o* d * F# \; i' ^. C9 s% j" Z
" F, b+ Y! C3 e5 h9 QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
8 T6 @7 x& E) h$ u, G
- t' {( ?4 x: D* F
% o4 D- A7 L5 F' ]) N, q/ OActions by Consumers
0 E( a/ D7 Q$ }- V 71. Consumers’ boycott
, L( V! J6 w1 {. o+ V" g 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 f! l$ K# ?$ v7 u4 k) ~* x* J+ [8 k 73. Policy of austerity8 H' Z9 a. @& `& l& i7 Y6 K% f: O
74. Rent withholding
. ~. w L4 Y( I2 P% A$ Z" H% j6 A 75. Refusal to rent# j) c \" n, R2 _3 Y h* L6 ^: D
76. National consumers’ boycott5 o, J+ c; i. {; S8 I
77. International consumers’ boycott
5 G3 W6 \' j& q& e" j [
7 e$ k s" U& c' h# K! gAction by Workers and Producers
2 W& f- b$ D+ {+ z 78. Workmen’s boycott# ~, P/ p; x9 N5 [2 m0 @
79. Producers’ boycott3 \5 P, n p1 x' i( w- ]# F
# s1 M9 h8 H t+ o. S. L
Action by Middlemen
3 c1 x1 Y( N/ `0 e% n+ f1 R8 E 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% [9 t0 I- [0 z0 B! X1 d1 p6 I1 H( s% Z# D# D6 ?8 R
Action by Owners and Management
5 W! f3 Q& f6 _) P4 b 81. Traders’ boycott
3 W j. w w4 _, p T; x" m T 82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 j- }9 H8 E- U$ L& q 83. Lockout
5 Q$ e4 ]$ q1 A% ]/ M: B 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- s8 H! o1 D, t. x 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
6 M) z! ]6 ^9 U6 i% }! o$ |5 {- _' L6 M1 E+ V `6 W
Action by Holders of Financial Resources0 ]0 S4 {/ `' [7 _# e
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* i0 I( H' w+ w% V 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
2 L$ u/ B: _" Y5 Y! j( w 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 ]/ @( C. r1 o( g p 89. Severance of funds and credit
/ |; V( x$ D% S8 Z 90. Revenue refusal
9 e* Y7 A& |" C 91. Refusal of a government’s money
% j. v8 l1 z V
7 |, s8 O$ K: T- F& b1 UAction by Governments8 W& U3 l" c7 p6 Y
92. Domestic embargo
1 C* J7 A) C! T5 i3 @, d# v 93. Blacklisting of traders; x7 A4 \- {$ ~ y q' E3 P; N
94. International sellers’ embargo
7 T3 _! N/ [ j# G) d5 M 95. International buyers’ embargo9 S1 V- A2 h. B$ K7 p+ [0 F+ |
96. International trade embargo
. [) S: i* y1 v
& z- Y4 V: X5 @6 P " Z# v7 K2 T3 i9 i2 X% z7 U
2 ^6 \& s& y6 w0 w$ `2 }: P# V& lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
7 F* D) I3 I% D4 h/ Q' W! ~' u! G
8 s( W1 F8 E: O/ Q9 W& }! x- B
Symbolic Strikes
* [- k5 w* o. p( [ 97. Protest strike$ W) }5 P+ b4 y8 y0 v1 r% M2 U- H
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 D2 \' H5 p5 Y( Z
7 Z7 g2 T- S3 Y5 m# V& x$ AAgricultural Strikes
! [2 w/ K( G) i- M( }9 A# h 99. Peasant strike, u9 @" B+ o) b" u1 C
100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 e) S( I; C' i, {0 q) c: Y2 w8 J+ V- E" I! t6 [
Strikes by Special Groups. _" c% t' o) V/ d( m
101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ a: i3 h0 E: a6 [( f) o* D 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 @8 p# x/ i" C 103. Craft strike
' A5 W$ k8 X( w$ \, _1 L 104. Professional strike
1 M0 S2 y+ |$ S/ d9 K$ _, ` w' b' t" s9 }- P+ P/ e0 w: n
Ordinary Industrial Strikes& J' ~7 p8 A( M! Q2 L
105. Establishment strike
& M% `0 }: j. w1 {2 e# m 106. Industry strike
4 d5 `8 Q6 ] z( J: D 107. Sympathetic strike
+ `; ~: l0 ], l& i" }$ [ q0 z5 s: R6 s. Q D
Restricted Strikes
6 W+ H2 N3 e* T1 t" t- B/ m/ i# [ 108. Detailed strike
2 N. ^2 Y: e& q5 k5 J: f8 Y 109. Bumper strike
3 Z# u* o; H+ _9 b9 W0 \* p) n- d 110. Slowdown strike
! Q% ]- G; L/ }8 m4 y K# c0 [ 111. Working-to-rule strike
8 Y; J& y, e& c! Y6 V! I' u 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)# _; y$ a1 F6 A* [5 ~: j) `
113. Strike by resignation0 N1 E$ M' m- s+ B. {
114. Limited strike; J+ ?; }) ?& ~! `+ N; g: w
115. Selective strike
- t+ i2 a5 v9 ]; Z: H2 O' j
: I; @. Z8 k0 t7 oMulti-Industry Strikes
2 k# c e* E3 n! D( b) I% H# Q9 S# @( X+ o3 ~, c3 H
116. Generalized strike, H! S8 _( R+ ~. e, P4 n- R
) N, b& [8 p2 U' m1 D 117. General strike* k+ E6 f( z5 q5 X6 b9 ^3 A* A
/ T0 f/ D& i0 d2 I* n% ^2 y; iCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
* \* J8 J- r( F% V5 \1 t0 s2 {. N0 f: w
118. Hartal
: m* {, e" }1 K
: n. u* U" j. L1 B8 G 119. Economic shutdown- T" J: O7 L( j/ d, \
" _5 q5 o) u' M; r. |% `
% Y1 N& |- @5 t6 [1 y
- l9 ~2 v& I5 L6 Y" vTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
) I4 J- C5 i( a
& p4 G( E; u& G
+ g8 X6 h4 Q0 ]' aRejection of Authority z' V$ ~+ p8 @" Q# n: M
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
) [7 u/ g! p! p 121. Refusal of public support0 M! j. \; p/ [4 v4 B! V
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 U9 {" }+ C: G
& F6 d$ u# i9 [3 m% b) S1 y& ACitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 S! j4 n! C( i* G0 R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: G p! T" f. T& {8 G 124. Boycott of elections
% g' B) p& h. } 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
0 Y3 z2 s* ]+ q+ O, A$ u 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
4 D6 i1 ]. s/ M! H 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& h( s' j1 x8 [$ F 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations P# z. i! L$ `- B% [
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 T$ B3 o% [: X; q 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" t, Q: _, q% x3 p' G% C
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, @9 M, O4 G$ E8 I1 U: W 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' @5 y7 w7 E7 j8 Z" c
: r0 `8 K3 ]( \+ M3 C1 n# ~1 B
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 s2 D9 ]; k/ n# a 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
R1 ~4 F" D( `. r% G: G- `5 G 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# G! ~/ e$ k; R Y7 x
135. Popular nonobedience( S1 o3 H7 N- _6 c9 J+ W
136. Disguised disobedience4 W2 I% c" u" J& T! ]
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 w- |6 s( @& P) Z9 \% j& R1 p
138. Sitdown( M5 M# d6 C/ b
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ k) ?3 X8 s( R/ e6 ?$ C7 f3 A 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 |# i3 W2 X/ N
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ G, t9 A! y0 h; v" w. _8 }. J$ u( p
# q$ U+ }4 Z* M4 v# e9 xAction by Government Personnel
/ B- s5 y4 [+ a( b- n* K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides" u) n! r% R" o0 q
143. Blocking of lines of command and information* e* c$ m T$ h( L/ H
144. Stalling and obstruction
3 A- ^$ e/ z) l* U+ O7 r9 L 145. General administrative noncooperation$ E5 a2 l% h# E' _ r2 F' N
) Q+ i2 ] O. y2 I% T, W! P
146. Judicial noncooperation: {- j1 g0 b+ o' ? C
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( [, U5 a! r r 148. Mutiny* ]6 W J# b& N5 Q( F/ l
Domestic Governmental Action
, A: t/ L& ^/ E) M1 N" p0 B' T* @7 A+ z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) ]/ B1 h6 l2 E7 r3 l+ B q7 x
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 |1 z. k, }6 Y) I$ Y1 g& }8 j8 h+ g+ W2 S' m
International Governmental Action4 V& o- E; j8 A3 q. q
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ V4 H1 j l) L' Y" k# y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 Q) [. p. P; U- Z+ b# }
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ h. G- |; q$ X' [ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, s. Q3 T" [- o2 N7 Y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! E. j6 j0 v& y! e 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 }% P5 c. ^+ C5 i2 H
157. Expulsion from international organizations/ N& s6 }% Q, z5 `* o' _! f
! u7 k: Y1 ?# M* k
9 r% v* A! `5 d% ?* S
9 |0 W W3 I/ p9 F6 cTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% T' \8 S* H% ` K3 g6 G% O$ d: D
. {! [2 I- `: X- q s @( F& Q4 l : S) b' X3 A9 c- z
Psychological Intervention& g2 Z) d3 ^+ c+ ~* O. R0 T
158. Self-exposure to the elements' |+ M+ h4 ?, A& R1 _ X* G
159. The fast
, Q" l% [- E. J" z$ J a) Fast of moral pressure
: }3 C$ |, Q% B% ]/ J: ~ b) Hunger strike
, C$ T8 M3 [$ \ c) Satyagrahic fast; q+ }2 r2 X5 g7 i& ^& Z
160. Reverse trial) x2 R6 y! J* U7 m
161. Nonviolent harassment' P2 X3 m) ]7 E! r! l
( R/ F5 o. @1 ]& N) b* f. z5 ?8 ?; I
Physical Intervention& A: [6 M; H6 W( j: Q- E) i1 R
162. Sit-in9 y5 H6 `; t1 j+ {6 M F
163. Stand-in: L1 `: K2 n m. U! G
164. Ride-in/ j& w. s& a" u6 C7 B* \8 i# ~, J
165. Wade-in9 r4 {0 s* ?1 A& h
166. Mill-in
% r6 s/ L9 ~: B" a) e 167. Pray-in4 V) ~1 q: Z6 i1 p, r2 e) z3 ~3 {
168. Nonviolent raids
0 ~6 d8 V" L* ~0 W4 V1 } 169. Nonviolent air raids
# {9 S1 F C) P }. A7 O1 ]1 [ 170. Nonviolent invasion
7 M7 f0 l" [, C 171. Nonviolent interjection
. T$ u! @5 [3 s' A$ z4 |: [# }4 s 172. Nonviolent obstruction5 i. f/ K3 u1 t: i! r& O
173. Nonviolent occupation C4 h4 V1 i2 R# o2 k, J) s5 {: j
4 a. m6 u. S! ?, t# a
Social Intervention- v: `& [( c# [, c
174. Establishing new social patterns5 x3 L$ w$ d% [* Z, |
175. Overloading of facilities
. _' k3 c# T3 a5 B. L B4 b6 q* c0 }- x 176. Stall-in
g0 _6 F8 i$ ^! L9 _* r+ r 177. Speak-in
! o4 ~5 O( p8 i; y; G* S1 ? 178. Guerrilla theater% O1 W$ c1 l, G/ l7 U, m) S
179. Alternative social institutions$ a4 P( N3 e. D- z, N" R7 o( G
180. Alternative communication system+ l9 U/ S: O' e/ l* U
" ]$ S. h7 G/ ~) e% \# |2 q5 n0 o: qEconomic Intervention
4 t: Z( f1 Z3 E, `' L5 w; f: a 181. Reverse strike
% Y7 b) D) \6 ~, T, v7 l& `& f 182. Stay-in strike
2 }2 Q& D) ]6 y) W6 h! l 183. Nonviolent land seizure
: ]! Y8 r2 C1 e% X3 ]5 W 184. Defiance of blockades
+ G% T+ P3 r& C/ f8 Y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! L3 K* P# Z6 w: W6 f
186. Preclusive purchasing
& x. e3 ?+ `, G# M; C 187. Seizure of assets% p$ F) c4 O$ { t
188. Dumping) I9 p) R5 p& N7 [( d
189. Selective patronage
! k. Z$ ^; \/ n6 W! w5 s# z 190. Alternative markets
; a: y) X; T7 D, X 191. Alternative transportation systems$ Q& m$ Y- ^9 |% s6 r- |% u
192. Alternative economic institutions
2 M$ O% S5 B* I
& h' }7 D/ Q4 APolitical Intervention7 C; _# U" P) u, ~# |
193. Overloading of administrative systems1 H+ H- ^0 w% W" g" I3 o% V
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' I4 [4 ~' i: B0 X& w5 d
195. Seeking imprisonment
: p3 u# U( q3 o& k- J" J 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& Q* M* z5 |4 i( ~4 r
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 ~" Q- a2 T* k$ `% J 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
, d3 |+ x7 |+ U7 F% F1 w* [! H
# v, H: m, O4 b" P |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
