 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION( f8 X |8 g( B$ R/ Q5 j& u
Formal Statements
' L. M2 M* p8 Y) L- s! r 1. Public Speeches, @; C/ r& H3 J# n1 F* p
2. Letters of opposition or support
1 u# i) U% x# F5 ? 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; X% h7 R% W9 V
4. Signed public statements
5 b4 Y* X2 i, C6 m 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! o! x" Y" w: H2 \- M 6. Group or mass petitions7 y( _, y7 B3 J( s3 t* v7 P
$ Q; O. F- f' \2 UCommunications with a Wider Audience
6 {1 e9 [* |- @6 b5 n 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: W8 N c7 c* x/ X3 N# G 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% i( F/ ~* I9 ?' m( P 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, T( p+ F! o a: D+ Q
10. Newspapers and journals" r S& M1 x& A1 ^' @
11. Records, radio, and television0 `6 {& u* r# n& v6 ^/ Y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% n6 ]. N6 n- z
; v% l: a/ G. Y$ {Group Representations
; D" W6 p# {0 N: V. @$ M2 K& H 13. Deputations; a t" N" B0 z9 ~9 s T% ?% x0 v
14. Mock awards
/ [7 Q( f' R J4 g 15. Group lobbying1 J- `0 s/ s& P" f
16. Picketing
) \2 g: I4 Y6 {7 } 17. Mock elections
' m& i. m+ w$ \0 S$ s' e6 @1 ?
0 g n6 Z s4 TSymbolic Public Acts
c+ M# t# e$ k0 x j/ p 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 |( I2 D0 H, o# W
19. Wearing of symbols
7 b, s" Y( W# a2 o 20. Prayer and worship
6 Y! q; K0 Z0 H! X; Z 21. Delivering symbolic objects5 [4 L5 J, o$ B( p. u) Q
22. Protest disrobings
' t6 ^: V, N' M7 c 23. Destruction of own property6 k0 H0 S1 j& Q
24. Symbolic lights
9 B1 j! v: m4 E1 T% d& C1 ]% r9 V. \ 25. Displays of portraits9 A5 w v; x5 R8 c8 r
26. Paint as protest
. T3 n' o6 P2 l5 l+ Y 27. New signs and names
* ~9 j& q* N1 q2 V( a( x& \ 28. Symbolic sounds
4 p. X3 ^. B ]4 I 29. Symbolic reclamations' q5 S+ {7 ~3 Z
30. Rude gestures
. N9 j/ o$ I2 R N+ j. a2 S) M- q% \- q; s+ ?" \/ I
Pressures on Individuals
$ R; R& u* Q0 ~ 31. “Haunting” officials
! g7 p$ K* v Y5 D* m( t 32. Taunting officials4 R& @2 [/ q# x6 e; E3 h3 ^
33. Fraternization
! K% ^7 P* ]; b+ T2 A6 w 34. Vigils T# }! `: G, w8 }8 ?" S2 v9 K; Y
& J. l- p. T# K* d/ l% Q! D2 a
Drama and Music
1 O6 K8 b9 |; x5 \( H3 S% F% Q' M 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 H0 u: H' T* } 36. Performances of plays and music% J- z' |8 G( R5 f4 k: M9 V- }
37. Singing7 f; @0 a. \4 g& e% S- x
( ~7 n) {* e3 l' U, xProcessions& c1 Z1 w) f E! I
38. Marches7 L$ _; o5 q k1 v/ m! r, r
39. Parades+ I+ \/ I3 ^1 z3 ]$ c# {$ p5 t' P
40. Religious processions" h. O1 ~0 Y" j$ @! I4 m# m
41. Pilgrimages# `( N! W0 K& D# M+ {8 R
42. Motorcades4 l* l! R% I" o; f8 ]- K2 G
+ Z8 P9 M, l. M" h( D
Honoring the Dead+ W' s" `4 M) C# T! V4 X
43. Political mourning4 h7 C" v% L( F q* D: C$ {
44. Mock funerals0 h7 H8 b$ V7 y8 O
45. Demonstrative funerals9 f5 F8 {* I I9 `! q6 a0 Y
46. Homage at burial places+ i7 A5 F5 g! |" T x* L
5 m% c) b: @- p
Public Assemblies% z2 C* T1 T% i {7 Y
47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 p( p7 C5 ^. c, V E/ P3 c 48. Protest meetings3 b5 m3 g0 \& K/ a$ i W) e
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ W4 Q' f' C& e+ T 50. Teach-ins
4 c [) \, j5 _. h7 \0 j
' a; g- F8 V$ i- y6 u! z, `( c, zWithdrawal and Renunciation" ]0 U0 O6 H. d7 D& |) j
51. Walk-outs. r- ^* e8 @5 {/ M2 V- A3 U
52. Silence4 o/ A) H) V( z- W/ F. [
53. Renouncing honors. Y! S0 M( f% t/ b) t. Q
54. Turning one’s back3 A8 J( k# b1 U, ?1 F+ P6 m
* a/ ^! x6 |3 E7 v$ P. B2 G
. M* B' S8 y; {$ v5 U% Q
5 W5 [% i1 c9 y# L. Q. PTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! q% S0 E$ N# c5 Z( R
9 _8 I, P: b) S2 X 1 O( m0 l$ U- B" {9 f) ^! }. b
) H0 [# N) a" w, } f0 W
Ostracism of Persons3 N. Q, G7 c- i3 O& }
55. Social boycott+ D% J% J6 c7 [: f
56. Selective social boycott
( t1 q3 X4 ~2 W- f$ `+ r 57. Lysistratic nonaction
& V p3 `' C* W; \* y) { 58. Excommunication; K9 W" p# l2 }6 \$ y) L7 b/ X5 n
59. Interdict7 g! p7 v$ D- o6 E0 L3 ?- ^
- W4 J, \" b' C3 vNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 i& Q' a. }) P5 q- h4 B: { 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 h' @) G, m" c* o" J9 n Q 61. Boycott of social affairs5 m: o: L3 N8 L" V8 ^7 O
62. Student strike
! O( M! J3 d; R( n; \( R 63. Social disobedience
& x* c a+ s, w* {" g 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 a+ l* Q/ C( w$ f
9 L+ {- X$ A9 h& s, e$ j& Y* S; zWithdrawal from the Social System
/ o. ]0 j& I' n( |# i2 Q0 |7 E) _ 65. Stay-at-home& T) d0 v9 u; g8 Z; b! w
66. Total personal noncooperation! }- W, T% d/ a3 J
67. “Flight” of workers. I5 N3 |5 S" R% U) H0 f) y; I
68. Sanctuary0 u" B0 R4 y* P C, |
69. Collective disappearance
7 m+ e, X# ]4 S% | 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
; g/ ]6 s. n# X: o# R% }
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; `( O/ N& [; GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
" P" M H, V" P; C, Z, Q, |! n6 U: R" n7 {# y
! Q4 c! _! b: `( x7 e- |: `; S' \
Actions by Consumers
+ ^9 W& ^9 w4 o. Z3 {$ ]( Q3 d9 _5 S 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 t4 N, v: Z V5 O/ _6 v 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: i) X& |5 G! L" m
73. Policy of austerity. U. C+ \5 u% B
74. Rent withholding
. d6 A2 u. R% c5 }' T 75. Refusal to rent
, z, W1 L8 R8 i7 e; Q8 K 76. National consumers’ boycott( \ J! Y6 T7 w3 `. F4 y/ w3 F
77. International consumers’ boycott
$ r) z( R* d+ n4 k: u H9 p" V. k5 w j% M X# t' l
Action by Workers and Producers+ H5 v" H) I, [
78. Workmen’s boycott
- c1 q$ c) @4 {& P3 y4 C' _- x' C9 V 79. Producers’ boycott$ A/ [1 z! d/ l" q7 E# a2 e/ t
$ x2 ~1 ~$ F4 G" {* R9 ]( V
Action by Middlemen1 E. p5 b# y" N. ^
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott e. n* ~: t5 K% s4 _* d
7 j7 C' ]+ |9 i9 ]- S8 D5 EAction by Owners and Management0 G1 L% V$ C! }2 h0 o- `" I, Y9 c
81. Traders’ boycott' t- x. u' h+ i2 q& Z2 v( K Q4 z
82. Refusal to let or sell property/ s+ T4 O$ m# _) P$ \7 x; ^" O
83. Lockout
* ]) \4 ?* S! g' G0 E 84. Refusal of industrial assistance- Y3 D. `5 ^* k) b0 t0 p
85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 \4 h3 b: w w7 N1 d, t
: j1 _' ?7 q' `
Action by Holders of Financial Resources+ L Q! s# s" S( j4 y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
& L6 W) v8 Z7 ~9 F9 o) z 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments9 T: R5 }* w& B6 L' v+ h
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* F; [( z9 i+ A1 \/ T 89. Severance of funds and credit) e& _7 Q0 N# b: r4 v1 x% ?
90. Revenue refusal
$ g' d, e. A/ t2 R6 l 91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ L3 i9 I7 f4 H! U5 U& I: S. v+ X& W4 b2 F6 Z
Action by Governments
- F" h" I: X8 O. J1 W. I( Z 92. Domestic embargo
" f* l# d; Z h. E" M# m# D 93. Blacklisting of traders
/ _; {- C' C( a/ d& ?) ? 94. International sellers’ embargo
/ a) I1 Y& k, ?, r5 n I 95. International buyers’ embargo$ m; \2 P& T- Z5 a
96. International trade embargo
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) c S1 _, O! |& ?% d * U8 y3 n f( s W& w& Y+ s
0 E3 C* I, \* q: L' @/ j/ J3 S& cTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE* U. G/ H" G) s/ d8 R; X- Z
# r1 c3 X- h5 l5 C3 u
/ [3 ~( m1 y( n) b5 q" DSymbolic Strikes
2 @) u2 n& o8 K2 [+ f 97. Protest strike
/ U( I4 E! H/ z: v | 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 t0 p O! m# o2 i& s+ J
( h! R4 U/ P1 W M0 {2 Q* |Agricultural Strikes
3 Z! _/ b5 T* l. x* Y 99. Peasant strike
2 Q, ]" G+ {2 R4 B0 W* y 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 p. Q! v( s7 t! `+ @' c# ~/ Y+ X1 v5 C3 B2 v8 s z
Strikes by Special Groups
9 T/ A0 a( q! \* {( N3 ? 101. Refusal of impressed labor5 ?- _8 H! e6 @1 H d4 B1 V
102. Prisoners’ strike
7 p. ]- l& q6 k D1 f 103. Craft strike
/ J- Z) Q( _3 q4 d }/ n 104. Professional strike) v4 O- w$ h/ Q/ k
/ Y. U) Q" l* ]( `1 u9 u: g3 u
Ordinary Industrial Strikes! O7 V! S0 O( z8 k+ k& \7 [
105. Establishment strike
) i: d2 S! H0 Y 106. Industry strike a) m! p0 r7 F( F/ |2 y* b2 y
107. Sympathetic strike
# g* u& Z7 h% s8 Q! t' o
/ u' u# Q+ R" }, HRestricted Strikes
* C/ h, F z3 ]8 I9 _# D# r- w$ P 108. Detailed strike
- ~5 H# D. R- f. u 109. Bumper strike" ~5 ]9 o5 L$ a% |9 V& r$ O1 K
110. Slowdown strike
, Y! o7 T5 t$ A9 D4 H9 _ 111. Working-to-rule strike
: ^8 e( J* Q/ H5 _, k 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) J0 p! D9 `4 V9 ?
113. Strike by resignation
* U6 S3 k0 b0 n8 A, c( F' v% r 114. Limited strike1 K+ |0 g! m; b& b2 G# M4 ~1 q
115. Selective strike% p' k8 l' p$ G2 k) `
0 t. W. S+ R2 ~+ T# w
Multi-Industry Strikes
' d- i6 h+ R( g: I2 J7 U& x% N. Y8 J: M, C2 y
116. Generalized strike/ J4 L4 T" [6 L: q
8 e% ~" n5 }& {- {* v# e5 ?/ x 117. General strike
* \. D4 ?) n; r( ?. c) b7 P& C1 Q' ^' F# P7 V2 z
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 w( F3 w! F* ` ?+ |
- O0 O. `: n+ C! Y1 @
118. Hartal) a0 ?2 b: F Q
% b$ Q1 [6 c7 Y/ O! E) p. P 119. Economic shutdown
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; |4 p6 `6 }! ~0 M5 E* b
* N( K1 k* y4 W& b# QTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( H6 X' f) m4 F' X+ r
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. G2 A4 \2 W& z1 qRejection of Authority
# Y) ]5 G2 b. v& k2 n4 w/ _8 q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( r7 D1 i2 }8 B( R$ A6 c1 j
121. Refusal of public support
. R9 p9 A1 X) I 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government) B: `" r" g6 R9 n9 j
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
) P9 M5 D0 ?8 q0 i# ]$ Z- P 124. Boycott of elections
% q( g9 w4 u: o5 w 125. Boycott of government employment and positions' E* ?2 P0 l- P( L6 y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 j9 m! M& g9 D# r 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 W0 M6 m# ?* a3 b 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 D( ^% M8 a! Z: F% N, v, T
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( C# e+ b- D) b% Z) Q
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 Y8 \) U& P4 i- o2 Z/ P 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ V' ` b# K/ O 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
- j8 g- @* B, o% T7 X* r
$ P$ X1 U; H. U+ o# ]1 U4 v& mCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience" n( m5 i0 _/ b4 y' v
133. Reluctant and slow compliance) d" N6 U# z2 {0 R1 K1 A1 N3 M: [
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
g4 s; H A) {! X# N; X0 w 135. Popular nonobedience
2 Z i8 }0 E( F1 v 136. Disguised disobedience. M* Z! R5 P# v$ Q) x. m
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; _" D, X. e. J: J/ V" g& X 138. Sitdown' D5 X" o& ]( v8 S- C# Q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation8 s2 p2 k: H1 V( g' N
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities2 s1 I6 {1 F) M$ Y3 b8 |, B8 J, @2 p: L
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws- l6 }6 h% y7 Z5 b
/ Z* Y4 R) |0 Y4 c* V3 t8 Z
Action by Government Personnel
' D( E+ w- h7 U: [5 ~ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; {! b1 f3 z z) m1 T" z3 i) w: \
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# {! Q, f! m. j+ P% ] 144. Stalling and obstruction" [1 J' G) `& R& |. r/ K+ h- K, \$ u N% A
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 K' y# U0 X% _9 B- N3 r4 X$ W: n7 x' l7 V/ d
146. Judicial noncooperation- ]5 }: a/ K6 f: w4 q, |. J
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* W9 M" {# Z. V
148. Mutiny
) Y6 u P' d$ Y6 j, ~. m% NDomestic Governmental Action3 m, X: D# C& `& |4 ^
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
`; S& K& c, x, R7 P 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& g* ~( Q# [ C. i. n, Z0 A8 |6 R1 Q" C' S" _; c
International Governmental Action
7 S5 g; v; I! ~0 U' I1 I 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& ?( N) g( g+ V m1 j: W
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ O, W1 e/ `+ t" M4 j 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! \7 Y9 _$ b- D
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- L" C% N' G8 V) b4 ? 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( _" K! N q% E! M! k% `9 C N$ K 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* C; J0 @. g- F 157. Expulsion from international organizations
/ k. @2 u$ B8 p4 p2 M9 W
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: x4 K* M0 e8 y, K/ K6 d5 }
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* Q9 ^5 L7 W$ xPsychological Intervention
& [/ h$ g. h" V: w w! c7 U 158. Self-exposure to the elements$ k: b- v9 ]1 F% l) ?1 ?
159. The fast
2 y6 `% O# [1 J! ^2 o5 V# D: U a) Fast of moral pressure' P2 L0 S# j* o. I# ]# R
b) Hunger strike
6 ~) w0 B4 ?' Y0 s$ w c) Satyagrahic fast0 _+ }7 H& j* y9 A2 W- Y* {
160. Reverse trial, v$ A# u/ f: g) t2 J/ D6 h
161. Nonviolent harassment' r) H1 C- W7 J5 d# V
1 U1 P; a( D/ T9 q; q
Physical Intervention, g" C+ r. j# L3 Q/ _" B, {% \
162. Sit-in
6 q$ K2 c. F- n) {7 D 163. Stand-in
* Q9 Y. l. H' s$ I+ |% z 164. Ride-in
6 v0 e- T' n" M9 x0 Y 165. Wade-in
q+ ~- X, v u7 z, y3 Z 166. Mill-in
( B5 t: H4 {# ?- Z3 t8 K9 [ 167. Pray-in
' j+ |- ^/ o5 H* L( K 168. Nonviolent raids
2 E& O' B* J8 R4 p4 B: h/ {# n 169. Nonviolent air raids
2 O- a& y5 U% q8 _3 m! J 170. Nonviolent invasion
# p7 g: ^: D5 q5 X" h$ ^) o 171. Nonviolent interjection* I$ y9 O4 ?: I1 q' H+ D3 H
172. Nonviolent obstruction* `4 P, \0 _: B+ l
173. Nonviolent occupation
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5 g! m3 p2 `9 Z( h2 Y2 |Social Intervention4 l8 F/ l" \$ R. `) p& G* G8 G
174. Establishing new social patterns2 Q$ @& _4 w8 t* {- j+ _& n/ |
175. Overloading of facilities
7 J7 k' ^4 j: ~8 m 176. Stall-in. ?+ }0 [0 n4 t
177. Speak-in
N; y( i( J" w! h; @: U: p 178. Guerrilla theater/ ]7 a% R" @4 W# i: `. ]2 b, C* o. L3 ]
179. Alternative social institutions
/ h( m% G+ ~( U: G4 }: \ }# y 180. Alternative communication system
. W9 j' e7 }+ h9 o. b% D5 O* J5 i; X
Economic Intervention
8 x" T2 l, ]' c! n3 {8 |0 d3 z( w4 l 181. Reverse strike+ h C5 `$ t$ `6 z- o
182. Stay-in strike7 u7 X" D8 ]) d
183. Nonviolent land seizure
( I( r- X8 n3 N* U 184. Defiance of blockades3 L' @% E7 n) A- X+ P. K8 b
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting9 W4 g' H; R" h. n/ c: E
186. Preclusive purchasing
4 q& [, \, H' q( P3 F 187. Seizure of assets7 ^& Q( e8 B' F+ R/ Q4 I# `$ f1 R
188. Dumping" ]- I; \( A z
189. Selective patronage
6 K) F1 E" [+ q* \7 ~9 ? 190. Alternative markets
* W p7 D( X) j2 \# M7 x9 j 191. Alternative transportation systems3 ]4 A( ^4 N5 ?9 B6 ~2 o p% [
192. Alternative economic institutions! b+ y% a$ s& D' a% d4 \
! a* \; ^( u+ C/ H% K! i3 C
Political Intervention
1 ?( Q/ N( c) C* T* N 193. Overloading of administrative systems
; F; M1 T& e+ U# H# j0 B 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ X+ ~' m- \' k) N {
195. Seeking imprisonment
! T4 M! ~! z5 C* p6 y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! Q8 p+ _: v! c6 q: j; p
197. Work-on without collaboration; t- ~, k/ l* @, S
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* W/ G1 V0 E- N0 L( Y `/ q/ c
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
