 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- I0 C) F: j6 N2 p1 A
Formal Statements
: Q$ D1 r* [% ~" {. i+ R: t 1. Public Speeches& ]! s; f; M: v1 h" i/ k
2. Letters of opposition or support
4 Z& d L* J4 f9 D6 P 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# o' c# i) Q2 l8 |9 \7 g
4. Signed public statements
9 i5 }" v# A0 d% C) T& {' g' ~ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 ^$ G" P, B* B2 R$ p 6. Group or mass petitions* m/ T% `( d+ @' ]2 R& i
( ?, x7 g" y+ K: |( w5 c( f7 [& D3 oCommunications with a Wider Audience+ [3 d, E* L2 c" U, q D$ }' {
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 F- K! W- E' ?, G& L( g7 v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ g, [7 r: \% Q' K* {
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, T' g/ h# J( d$ G$ j! ~' f2 `; h 10. Newspapers and journals2 R( i3 R/ `$ J' X1 i5 B# V
11. Records, radio, and television. R; e* ~- D: x4 e# ~7 H N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& f3 U4 X* f! C6 F) z$ l' C, z
Group Representations- J! F9 f: ?. o0 E5 j1 o U* l) ^
13. Deputations5 Q5 e6 S* k' o# K: Y* e7 O
14. Mock awards: \; ]- \" g7 o% O7 m: O3 s
15. Group lobbying
( B* ~& }* V+ A: T4 m 16. Picketing
! H/ N3 @; Z _$ L+ E7 f0 U 17. Mock elections1 X9 v( m7 s' c8 \
- V6 r; X8 u, Y1 m6 S% D: _+ aSymbolic Public Acts2 D9 _: M0 ^' ~8 Q
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors3 h( k% j; g/ a* g/ _: C+ e
19. Wearing of symbols
5 r$ u# a; @% r" [, h 20. Prayer and worship5 j% M$ I. t. W- K) z
21. Delivering symbolic objects
, b# ]; [ ?. y 22. Protest disrobings4 p" i( J r- @5 @& _0 a
23. Destruction of own property
# G+ z' R/ y. b; D" y7 v7 T 24. Symbolic lights. Q9 f7 A/ N2 R
25. Displays of portraits
& j4 o7 v; q, i8 k' T3 e 26. Paint as protest
3 Z0 ]( F, m3 S, Q- [- d& b: ]# a3 `+ b 27. New signs and names. k( ^& X% z2 q+ C: |; U' E% M
28. Symbolic sounds
. K1 |* ]" H# a5 a4 d# V) e 29. Symbolic reclamations
. `$ c& h9 o$ V2 E! N: ]* [ 30. Rude gestures
2 B) T: z9 r3 g5 w7 z8 ^
/ w! l6 |$ ?. ^: H! ]6 p! z+ oPressures on Individuals
& \" s, g* H! [3 a9 G# A \" g 31. “Haunting” officials
8 A: L( X; `: N; b 32. Taunting officials; G( ^. G- }: s1 I" g/ R
33. Fraternization
; ^8 m o/ U: y. F5 \0 F4 A. w 34. Vigils' o! P, u z* M+ H6 |( B( K3 p
' j" j4 `# U0 LDrama and Music
9 d% H3 T- q% {* Z% Z7 V, s9 Z 35. Humorous skits and pranks
, \* ~6 Y r; `$ C3 H0 u6 B8 d 36. Performances of plays and music2 f' e' y) f, f
37. Singing1 t- `& E' }3 c
: V6 s* x Y+ _' Y# S
Processions$ b" S( |- f E( ]! T( ?) o
38. Marches
0 Y5 O* I0 _: L p" {& e& {* o 39. Parades7 L: W. j1 c6 J1 [5 N* U' @
40. Religious processions" ^0 Q) {- p. _+ y' F' }8 p( M1 l- W
41. Pilgrimages& Z) ]3 x5 r3 h- |% W: S0 a9 _7 d8 C
42. Motorcades& D" A k n% D, X$ m
4 d I% F$ i6 \4 f. B" EHonoring the Dead
, b( a3 l0 F2 q4 P 43. Political mourning0 q* A: u5 Q, H- j* V/ h
44. Mock funerals
+ O' [# J- ^, Q1 R 45. Demonstrative funerals
) U l# O& c. n( C# R0 I; v 46. Homage at burial places
( i& N7 ~5 i; _* j, y9 l7 Y: P- f
9 ?- S3 ~* x% O) @Public Assemblies
M) n7 T! p& M. q9 ` 47. Assemblies of protest or support
; ^8 B) t j+ J/ M8 W 48. Protest meetings2 A- ?, m; p3 u. L3 ^* |" z. S
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
+ q _1 T: y* t2 g% a 50. Teach-ins
: Z$ U; a* j4 X8 \4 H4 A, v3 _1 q# O, `& u$ g/ U) R* v# X
Withdrawal and Renunciation
! f8 k0 T7 t L( T1 X1 s& G 51. Walk-outs
5 o7 Y: j2 B: _: v) t 52. Silence& C* K2 U" z8 E" q% M9 b
53. Renouncing honors+ p# @0 O: p8 W' \* {
54. Turning one’s back" ], y1 v) w$ H3 c, G) `
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1 v# G6 _! V. ]4 }2 w, B+ \% q
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons. k5 V3 G: a+ p5 t- D. e) A
55. Social boycott
- E7 ]! a$ K ~2 ^. D4 R 56. Selective social boycott4 C: W1 c0 T+ o. i, F" G' T
57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 R4 \0 @2 H! j/ q( Z; O) e 58. Excommunication- v8 M- A' K& M1 d
59. Interdict
7 p& x v5 t; G1 e% Y# _3 u7 x
1 O) P8 N! D0 b% ^" g4 M0 oNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 n* ^5 \+ y' ]# r# ~ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; X4 q( i9 a9 |+ f" `8 D! Z: v 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 w6 Y+ `, h" Z5 i 62. Student strike6 P5 i2 Q% D, m" E/ s
63. Social disobedience
{8 u# ?( E; K# E7 P! } 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
2 k/ U! B' t. D" \6 X8 C; l( P2 E9 E/ r: V% }4 e% _$ I/ M
Withdrawal from the Social System) k6 o, K: \# c' B4 u9 f. H8 Z
65. Stay-at-home/ B9 N( S2 q9 [6 s4 o3 u, o
66. Total personal noncooperation, X/ T. d: W8 ?: {
67. “Flight” of workers
3 i% h3 Z# O' l9 A 68. Sanctuary6 k$ `! j( z6 L0 {8 i: y' G
69. Collective disappearance
9 G9 g" w1 `3 u9 Y( B$ j 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& O2 }- Z, t$ _/ e6 w
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* Y, A% y! j. `8 H6 x$ h; }/ G: S. h; U$ T7 j
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
3 ]# t# x0 b2 Z+ d8 M 71. Consumers’ boycott
, X4 c5 w6 \* H/ r) k. X) m 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- l: u5 W. ^. ]
73. Policy of austerity
# i. e% z; g/ P% S& V' p& s* T# r& u 74. Rent withholding
+ R/ h7 Z h2 K/ S 75. Refusal to rent
/ r' @' c( k: T, J9 n 76. National consumers’ boycott9 N% J+ I6 U! B- p
77. International consumers’ boycott, D, I- v/ J( T' L; o; Q2 g
" r& Q" Z) e9 @- ~7 c! q. R2 m! ?
Action by Workers and Producers% o4 X: J3 \4 r$ L5 V1 |
78. Workmen’s boycott
' ~% [6 @& \' r4 Q, F2 u- j e. g 79. Producers’ boycott& }* J1 \- U; v r5 L5 o, S/ |5 _
# ]3 T. H0 J) G1 ?0 v* v9 Y0 B$ @
Action by Middlemen+ ]1 y6 \8 m/ i/ Q! J: `- s
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
, h ]9 v; l J# {" F& P- `* l. w, f, Z7 `+ _1 Q2 H o/ l' H2 Y
Action by Owners and Management
! M, z' I* k0 l, |2 n4 n 81. Traders’ boycott
- _6 ^0 q% S4 H* H 82. Refusal to let or sell property
: t2 U6 h' q [8 L( Q% O 83. Lockout. Z9 m+ Y5 I% Y. |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
" ?* ^7 ]8 f; i 85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 X) h h8 X3 p' X+ N( e& b) X
$ z1 y( S; v9 B0 \5 V1 s; Z
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
# C1 F3 W/ |7 V 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& p: |. T* O- Y3 g4 I
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 v' s) A8 v9 N2 _ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 M% T, U4 X4 y 89. Severance of funds and credit: U4 @. V5 C+ h7 H) F: ^. v
90. Revenue refusal5 F, _$ y$ D3 W- `& g! u" L4 s
91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 S% g+ k# c3 e- J! Y0 Y7 D, e
% `$ f. j& S: { u9 K p, |Action by Governments( m+ ~! d" T0 p' d
92. Domestic embargo8 Z x. R1 G$ p9 ^* E
93. Blacklisting of traders; f8 |6 e" P# D6 x
94. International sellers’ embargo
" p' |, B6 D) l* S7 j) D" n: T+ \- e 95. International buyers’ embargo1 Q/ f4 q! b# ~+ P* q4 C
96. International trade embargo
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! n* Z: x* K7 A% @( M( b& Z ) e( ?+ W' n( \9 c
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( S( S9 b0 Y+ p# z1 Z* X. E
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% ~ C2 d2 J( o+ c9 @3 Q$ H# o" wSymbolic Strikes& J1 g9 q) f2 c1 s- }2 X
97. Protest strike
0 }& q F# W2 V2 D 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 g2 |; z7 ]5 m1 _5 O. ^' K$ s" X
8 t: Y( N) B0 ~9 m! H* M
Agricultural Strikes
) m/ A" i! w: P0 s! g- ] 99. Peasant strike& g t' g6 m& `, L% _
100. Farm Workers’ strike, v4 b+ z+ y6 h" O9 @
6 \' P. V; K; {! ZStrikes by Special Groups
$ ]' _$ U* W7 F/ q0 I* r 101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 k9 t& n: a; s/ T 102. Prisoners’ strike
* b: G8 s- W3 q. c# l/ h6 \; D7 A 103. Craft strike
/ W: H$ h7 c' Z- m4 ^0 K 104. Professional strike
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2 y1 q" A- W& u2 P# kOrdinary Industrial Strikes$ J2 M; [* @& q u8 N1 z! w5 v8 M
105. Establishment strike( ^, }1 V# F5 |1 B3 g R- n: j
106. Industry strike
5 @& l+ S+ y7 _ 107. Sympathetic strike
) m F5 x3 L4 C. n, _+ }& q# F5 P( A& L. Y( {7 _8 _ @" }' N
Restricted Strikes z; t, M, ]8 K7 f% q1 n
108. Detailed strike* ~( U4 T4 p8 z) F5 u3 O6 X0 U9 f
109. Bumper strike/ Z0 y( [/ K+ R& Y
110. Slowdown strike. t. ^# t8 ]. s1 ?6 W
111. Working-to-rule strike: m, i, I3 |8 n$ \& p' @
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ T& `$ R- g' p0 ]7 }% _
113. Strike by resignation3 K2 g& v1 `9 {9 D
114. Limited strike, t' O2 Y4 G6 p8 X/ B) ], F, u
115. Selective strike
" _6 A% k0 K) s3 o" _( ?6 a( I& q, w* ~
Multi-Industry Strikes/ E4 L* U- S" S& U2 A
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116. Generalized strike. ]$ N7 `9 \' g) N" `, F& `2 S
L% R1 z0 {. ~0 g9 C; X
117. General strike
' G+ R6 |4 Y$ O; d. y+ t! |; E( ^5 l/ b% S$ S& l! R/ {* J
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 e* ?4 t& B* h" Y
# ]* u% F, m) p; Y0 S F; K: h7 ] 118. Hartal
4 h9 u# U* o$ d. t) ^/ Y' u& } C
! ?/ K4 x7 K! _5 y# g6 i: M9 } 119. Economic shutdown% }" G! k+ ]9 I0 s
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. O* R8 `6 G* b$ U) o+ u( y
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Rejection of Authority
: e5 M. b, S8 R% G" y0 n 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& c4 j4 U6 F3 ~" k& X# }/ a( ^
121. Refusal of public support
+ m p8 F3 @ z6 L( B' j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. x( d8 `; r q9 h% K; z8 T, t3 B: s
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government% y8 G7 i9 r: F9 e
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
}6 X$ W- `6 W4 `# _ 124. Boycott of elections, `/ F- g2 U6 z4 e
125. Boycott of government employment and positions* L, v; z5 x3 }, V& a
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 y$ F3 {7 @& g6 i 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 J0 w: M5 H4 V K( J0 }0 Z7 c) [
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ h( T( k7 [: q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents! [7 ?; V' i/ q7 _3 h
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& @; j, s# ^# \
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ _) E+ N3 r& e* N' z( l$ ?
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions$ {- Z* V; v* o$ R# A+ D6 o
5 t3 }1 U' I7 c- C6 Y7 nCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( i( C# R7 g4 e& a9 A& E 133. Reluctant and slow compliance( A H1 s( z& F8 q# [7 N
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 l M( e1 z% O9 C' W1 h4 o
135. Popular nonobedience
/ k+ J6 N6 }7 o0 i9 U 136. Disguised disobedience H% V" o& D- n! W; T) V
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 B* i, V8 H% V2 P 138. Sitdown; L. p: W" \+ U# K7 ~8 G, T
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 y8 U6 {/ T7 O3 @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 J4 h% G( g$ B; d
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 S$ ~' J) E7 t9 O; |/ Z% i( x! J' s$ o2 r) W2 j
Action by Government Personnel9 _1 r' @& L* ]* y( T( }% g
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 A( r( [% {' [" G. [; ]
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% [* @) D( G; s5 B 144. Stalling and obstruction
% t+ O. K# E/ }. M 145. General administrative noncooperation
% ^8 [. x: j/ s2 h3 B5 w
U- y0 f$ O# }1 u7 K% S( Q8 _+ e% t 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ x8 J/ W2 j0 Q2 ]$ ]& b' C6 V 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 U+ I/ U. g% O5 ~
148. Mutiny( T! d! l9 F0 V. e& `" G
Domestic Governmental Action0 X9 X+ ~- c5 f" Q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
6 y; a# ?1 T9 B P$ u9 s 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
* T4 x( ~" C) q4 R
; X3 i2 J& u# ^) b$ \: KInternational Governmental Action; U9 @6 Z# y& ~: n8 [* l% [
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' A1 n8 q K1 E3 l; Z" C. F9 z, k
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- e) v4 s) O% T9 ~; v9 U5 B) s
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" l- }" M# w6 J; o7 p
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 r6 ?: A' f9 \3 J% S 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
" Y, L" ^. J5 v/ g0 f* M/ e! F 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, D. O' W" u* P" d. J8 Y
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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8 ?- p3 l0 t0 U% PTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention! `) Z1 s; O ]) U0 J1 s- J6 @. @
158. Self-exposure to the elements
: b& ^' f" v/ C7 _# W7 {6 H 159. The fast
# z p3 n$ _8 o; M1 e2 n/ _1 E a) Fast of moral pressure3 z; \- r7 r* l' G, u" n
b) Hunger strike( m a3 S) K% p/ k& W
c) Satyagrahic fast
2 j$ h* n3 A! V4 C3 |6 s9 l( v 160. Reverse trial
# H6 ]3 n% j+ |+ u7 t1 I 161. Nonviolent harassment; g8 N) o+ ~0 V& F
) e9 h$ k. ]0 U+ f; [Physical Intervention9 r, M( L' F% A( m) k8 {, M8 `4 o
162. Sit-in! l7 k$ H+ h/ M X9 F; I" x, Y
163. Stand-in
! s; K( f* M6 c$ f4 Y5 P# ? 164. Ride-in: q4 ~, T8 w# F4 G* u
165. Wade-in0 B! Z y$ t8 m, u! e: y
166. Mill-in, _- G8 [0 U! v2 Y) C+ A
167. Pray-in
% e) g4 [* f& w 168. Nonviolent raids& P8 n2 e2 i: V! Q, ?
169. Nonviolent air raids6 C0 h: Y6 q9 N; E
170. Nonviolent invasion/ g; }. d, V. x2 |, ^! i- k
171. Nonviolent interjection
; x- V. ~3 Y- t) s( }5 Y 172. Nonviolent obstruction& @2 Y0 i9 _4 d: k, p }
173. Nonviolent occupation3 V @5 M5 j0 f& F4 H
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Social Intervention% s2 q" L! K9 @0 g) R1 ~# {& [# i
174. Establishing new social patterns5 \' @0 c8 D# |6 W1 P( l; ^& N" D
175. Overloading of facilities2 \/ q A: _, y) E. S
176. Stall-in" ?+ C7 N% R/ ?) g% O3 b1 a/ v
177. Speak-in! ~/ i; K# e* j. D' F" p
178. Guerrilla theater1 u7 Y& O9 d% r: r' a* y" m& F
179. Alternative social institutions
& w9 o- ~5 J5 A! N 180. Alternative communication system* k! M% G' j) k o/ o. f2 b# I! U
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Economic Intervention
, r- k+ d9 d* B ~' s 181. Reverse strike/ f; R5 t6 Q- m7 H3 z
182. Stay-in strike+ V1 X+ A1 p9 n0 j1 ^
183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 Q) d2 W5 W* l: [+ q9 J3 N9 u 184. Defiance of blockades$ a- H. N- I" w
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 d; E4 [8 A+ C& v6 a9 N7 E
186. Preclusive purchasing: V7 E- `; a* T7 \) r
187. Seizure of assets
& q0 p2 f2 N; V; u) m0 {+ U7 ` 188. Dumping
, C& K8 x+ E2 y, J 189. Selective patronage- Z( t! }+ E3 ]4 y* W/ y' J
190. Alternative markets7 D5 R8 J# b7 ^4 @4 F8 ^' b0 Z6 q- I
191. Alternative transportation systems6 J& E5 j- [$ W0 X
192. Alternative economic institutions$ g$ v' ]) c, J
2 U9 [3 U) Y; W; R: M, E
Political Intervention
! q" w0 h; j& \, ~) e7 R 193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 H3 O( e D' y4 o3 ` 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* q7 L0 T# `& G0 _+ g( J 195. Seeking imprisonment) l( I/ W! y; y3 I' X! n9 A' v: ]% `
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! Y9 g6 ]; \+ B5 F5 Z+ K
197. Work-on without collaboration
) d! I9 f. V6 U( c. A! U 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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