 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ }: ^( V, B1 i4 G
Formal Statements
( Z3 k c2 r& ?+ n' ]9 j 1. Public Speeches
2 ]3 f) T5 e8 [6 [4 f0 Q1 I 2. Letters of opposition or support, `! j! w1 @0 w7 _2 J
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ M3 o6 L2 v/ Y. p/ l) v
4. Signed public statements- `8 [8 Q2 N: T9 i! o
5. Declarations of indictment and intention; F- p- m5 t. K! {7 h! Z9 K* p
6. Group or mass petitions, G& S4 J. n3 h" a# }
% M% C6 I$ Z# N* B9 W0 V8 SCommunications with a Wider Audience6 `' F/ J% b2 t$ B& i4 n9 m2 B ?
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 v$ Y6 V1 g) |# ^ O
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 R! v5 c5 G! g: G 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, _4 E- W7 R5 u# g 10. Newspapers and journals
+ _. j# u1 G0 z8 J9 W+ `8 G; a 11. Records, radio, and television! s( @5 d/ p* y- }/ L
12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 @7 s$ T d8 @* U: a
" o: P( _$ P2 d7 T6 k2 ^
Group Representations
" I( ^6 ]; h* P6 i 13. Deputations
" i- l# e: h$ o' D. X9 K! D 14. Mock awards
9 d% f" r5 J. p2 ]4 |) ~8 f 15. Group lobbying; U$ \" @% T- k* j6 P
16. Picketing; E) r8 }2 D7 A& X; m) e
17. Mock elections( `' p1 L- L% l, T
6 W& u7 O% K+ T) G5 S) \# T \: |; J- VSymbolic Public Acts
- x4 \) a1 }. ^1 ` 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) _& a( _! H; c, Y! w
19. Wearing of symbols
0 H) {0 [( @- H* P' ~ 20. Prayer and worship
4 x$ i |$ @$ y0 ~0 q 21. Delivering symbolic objects0 T; R. l# c6 v2 T5 y' p
22. Protest disrobings" Y7 b5 v" j! u- Y1 E' T1 V
23. Destruction of own property X/ Z+ Z) s5 W! r
24. Symbolic lights+ i5 a: N7 [% _* J. ]/ a/ Z
25. Displays of portraits
" A \9 S% ~: r0 }( [& C& q 26. Paint as protest
6 T: A& ?' g; m( r2 L 27. New signs and names
# a1 L; a, j+ I& ~+ R 28. Symbolic sounds
- Q1 H* ~3 \. D! }. f/ Z/ U( n1 u 29. Symbolic reclamations- _9 ]) ~; d5 m2 g* w
30. Rude gestures1 a& Q1 a% R4 H% ]
* P( d i1 E2 U" l
Pressures on Individuals
, i y( B: P$ |0 L 31. “Haunting” officials
4 L7 N2 B3 b7 N6 H/ A; u7 C$ e 32. Taunting officials
8 e; c+ V- Z# N9 ^+ N2 b4 D 33. Fraternization9 B6 _1 T. m5 g# P3 G/ o* q) G
34. Vigils
: H, H* z6 _1 u* Z8 y
, K7 A3 X8 X& |# z1 ]( w \ _Drama and Music
, B0 `3 P2 q# x# R 35. Humorous skits and pranks' `6 J! b6 w' y( c; B
36. Performances of plays and music$ L# {: h$ y9 r1 V
37. Singing
* l$ r; f( H5 T1 e4 G, C
/ w; k$ S# p# O4 G! |0 L3 |1 u% K$ nProcessions
* P2 _: f8 G9 k& e# F( |5 t 38. Marches
* e" v3 \/ B6 H 39. Parades
+ S) i# s5 F4 ]+ Z q 40. Religious processions
. J$ o; i( Z- D# _% U 41. Pilgrimages1 ?1 i7 Z2 H* W* Q$ y9 N5 O
42. Motorcades: V2 ~# }# N. v4 ]# x& @
& O4 d* X5 M1 Y J9 S
Honoring the Dead
2 _, }/ u2 v7 y$ [: r8 [ 43. Political mourning
6 [$ A* Q( K" F, L 44. Mock funerals
5 \( y, ?. [( K# o6 y 45. Demonstrative funerals
" O. Z6 {8 Z3 V 46. Homage at burial places" O+ c1 F( W1 w" ], ]# G
9 C* M9 m. O( T$ _Public Assemblies
% X- E+ |/ U1 R3 B 47. Assemblies of protest or support; y% c, ?+ R! E
48. Protest meetings
$ d' Z$ r* d3 h0 d4 r i$ P 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( ]. l. G: [6 y7 ~( v) H
50. Teach-ins
) @3 r7 @2 Z T0 c i0 l3 k! }" z, _
Withdrawal and Renunciation
) r7 G ^: _" M" n% l 51. Walk-outs
3 I" r8 T; G7 L2 X) l 52. Silence
& k6 }5 g' y6 l5 {7 y0 e$ _2 ` 53. Renouncing honors
& W! [6 F+ m6 X- t+ m 54. Turning one’s back
G) L" p* {! J/ P& b: v' S% s0 y7 T' H( Z2 J2 w% s
4 M% X$ u! V5 S. ]- k
O1 `3 n4 {* i$ f& XTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ r( `# f& S4 S. q$ ~3 [
_2 h$ t* ?" b! t3 a* [3 o
) p, V2 r d T
# E8 {% \2 a' UOstracism of Persons
/ @0 e3 H4 r: h$ M! e, E 55. Social boycott( J$ D9 }& Z. F& }: r/ a: x
56. Selective social boycott
) X# _/ Z: E B; k# L, o4 E 57. Lysistratic nonaction' k8 j3 Z' y* V
58. Excommunication
8 k5 N$ ~5 R9 h/ n7 _4 B 59. Interdict9 C- f# o1 i( F( x& O3 J$ \8 C
( s1 S, e7 k X3 A
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ J' x5 ^8 ^ K0 F8 I
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! G4 J: `& }) a0 C 61. Boycott of social affairs- W. N0 X( r" a/ T. `) F, F/ v* c0 k
62. Student strike' \1 k2 w1 ^2 x( H V
63. Social disobedience" y* F0 }6 L; \% @
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 t: \1 m. u \( }* X8 x1 ]# H: W# g+ R5 ?4 t
Withdrawal from the Social System6 Y( m7 S3 W6 ~
65. Stay-at-home
6 O$ l5 l$ u# E0 [# j 66. Total personal noncooperation
7 S6 w. V+ ?. c5 [ 67. “Flight” of workers
* p' v, n8 } x$ y* Q% ^ 68. Sanctuary0 h( V% V/ }" }
69. Collective disappearance
1 T% b: Y: J) z, w 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
5 T8 n* i* i# H' f3 n8 q# ]9 o( E! _! g ^1 z9 j' F& S& w4 u
7 [6 ]3 v$ e- k; R6 u0 e( ?; y, D4 S# L' }( E& T! x# p6 n5 |/ K( j
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 y+ r3 A/ k2 q! O) U4 T: g& r
& Q* Z" ~7 F2 C8 Z( N ^; I
. g6 \9 d0 j7 c5 Y$ W6 p/ EActions by Consumers' a, J) r. K! [ g/ T5 o+ O3 @! T
71. Consumers’ boycott
. y+ \) ~& g' e4 N 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 l/ {( a- f# x5 a8 F' M 73. Policy of austerity
$ } s/ b2 w' Y 74. Rent withholding
, S# d4 b, c9 ~' A 75. Refusal to rent, N9 j( p8 q- b1 y7 w
76. National consumers’ boycott
; c a1 m$ V4 b3 [' i8 j 77. International consumers’ boycott
4 P8 `" ^; l* v4 l% D- P6 H5 j, [
Action by Workers and Producers
) T3 }* y$ L$ Y7 v ?8 g$ `# i# a 78. Workmen’s boycott
) d; j# U- g& R2 M 79. Producers’ boycott
. Z; L8 v4 D7 Y5 i7 m @
1 p K! ^2 J7 [Action by Middlemen7 y/ n; B% t, x: y* e# h- T; d
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 N5 }0 w5 m U; v8 ]) H' s$ H1 z; Z% I
Action by Owners and Management; g) N, M# l2 N& g2 S. i
81. Traders’ boycott
9 r7 U7 E% ]+ S1 \0 W 82. Refusal to let or sell property# ^5 l& e, j9 c$ V8 t- s5 J* h
83. Lockout, H9 p, c9 T/ Z! S7 f+ V4 `
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, ], y3 t0 v8 a8 y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”8 t6 `. | Q- m: v1 [
2 T8 M0 _' E& O) r4 {7 c/ ^' G) ^( ?
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
: |5 f% I) q9 K( b6 S 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: t8 q' z% B) I) \
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* x% H; |0 w8 y2 z: z+ t
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 _1 E3 Z$ |& w
89. Severance of funds and credit
5 p* S3 E& z- _ 90. Revenue refusal
& ~$ o& }! i4 [ l3 N 91. Refusal of a government’s money
7 V, d9 b& l7 J. @+ V7 I* }5 p. t+ A0 _
Action by Governments
* G( D! q1 r/ w; L8 d) ]# c 92. Domestic embargo
3 x* Z9 f' X0 @; ~7 y 93. Blacklisting of traders
# _9 |/ |6 `$ I, \3 t$ t 94. International sellers’ embargo
( J/ N1 ~! ^, e 95. International buyers’ embargo
0 V2 i# k) H. Z! u 96. International trade embargo
& M0 J; b: q+ N ^! A4 E) y- z! v) q; `7 n( P. S+ _$ [
1 R4 {3 H1 S# P0 b- L2 U `
" _# b; ^0 h6 a" H" z) p" [$ fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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% k* T4 t: \2 u" n& G2 y ; B% k9 x2 J; R, j
Symbolic Strikes$ f- w3 V. }( s3 M0 z" @
97. Protest strike
# G; @. r0 C( ~% q' K. a. {3 @ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
/ l8 `. I) `1 B4 V! X5 z" w6 F5 {; S: @& W. m7 F- ?, g0 Q: I
Agricultural Strikes6 Q. X. w* c* g
99. Peasant strike$ z; x6 N) _5 `
100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ u$ K% v1 T1 L; ]' f
# j6 Q. N8 u, U8 C: k9 K7 }) ^8 qStrikes by Special Groups
, @4 b) e9 ? q) v7 d 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 E8 M' V4 A, `! c 102. Prisoners’ strike
& p1 e+ \( Q3 G) {' j* W! J 103. Craft strike) d' l$ @# M% }5 Y) h f! S* Z
104. Professional strike8 j8 t$ [' C6 |0 x9 @8 w, m. T
% o: d0 C: g: J/ [( ZOrdinary Industrial Strikes3 D, L$ m- h+ k( A/ H, Q; m0 _+ U7 R
105. Establishment strike
+ D! Q3 C/ z3 |" d( J 106. Industry strike
2 a0 J j+ @7 d2 E# ]! K9 K+ s! O 107. Sympathetic strike
2 Z( Q, T: ?/ f: c: ~: I; d+ a: e
Restricted Strikes1 ?4 Q. }1 j/ ?6 m# T. z' x
108. Detailed strike
+ N% o* D3 X3 V u+ I 109. Bumper strike: I' {+ c) s$ T1 W7 f
110. Slowdown strike
/ q: {- V1 v, \8 b. o$ z @ 111. Working-to-rule strike3 O: f3 W; O2 p# y; A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)5 b6 t+ T9 Y% G5 D8 J
113. Strike by resignation
& O4 G! S$ U2 q" s: V 114. Limited strike
4 M" }, u2 \* ?: o 115. Selective strike
7 l. Y. M9 ~7 G* x0 P9 X! e
- F+ q3 U' K/ ?- j! n7 f+ ~# _Multi-Industry Strikes
# F, {" t% P$ S0 Y. r
. K6 T7 X* Q6 f! q. m5 {# L 116. Generalized strike
6 j Y0 S p& l1 g$ a8 N# ~* Y
9 n2 G! ?! c( C1 | 117. General strike" J' K# }8 D/ z8 Y4 W# S
* W4 C: Y8 U. Z3 `Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures% B. L& ?# ~, V2 {7 }4 Y: P% z
, D I3 i& q# O8 n. z. c 118. Hartal; N- y' H! z/ K* A+ N) ^" v' H
0 m6 ^/ ~$ n% }1 X& E" ~, ^ 119. Economic shutdown( n1 ~* X6 Z% i( [, Q) Q- G" A$ B
$ a* \: Y; r2 _9 g7 \+ `. m ! A7 R1 |8 O9 h$ }( u
5 c8 D [% q1 U
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 A' e ]/ c8 k8 X
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- n" x4 Y0 t! q* R- e1 U7 \, G, @; RRejection of Authority
* G$ K" O1 V1 I6 E& D! Z3 |0 t 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 q8 K9 x, b( e$ U; X$ M+ K 121. Refusal of public support
& B. E& F) x' V! T 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; L& Q2 q: U$ B" N0 f
% x! O! A/ s9 ~% n1 DCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
4 K" T; o! P; q 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 q$ O; d6 X6 T" ~- V' g0 Z 124. Boycott of elections
6 l" `% C4 J: K7 r' T4 _! L& ?3 Y2 x1 A 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ w5 x/ p' f" U ?9 ^' _8 p2 z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies2 U- Y4 G! H2 C; x
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( b- \/ @; U7 `, K% q 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- h5 T5 C( g5 f* o
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents# `7 O+ v# \& c+ O# J+ L* a/ Z/ C% k' ]+ N
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks( y. c* [6 F' e
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 D9 M( W: ]6 i' k' ~2 C 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! E; v/ c5 B5 E1 a. W" F. g$ @' o- d7 E4 |3 m% i" u
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 F/ g* O! o! v1 F 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 Q- z5 I8 y9 S1 e! i5 l: P/ c 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# y9 x. W8 h- S+ N7 A a" H
135. Popular nonobedience+ X2 W8 c+ S1 d1 h
136. Disguised disobedience
- K }7 q% W+ h. a# q3 s; _ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 @2 i6 H2 L$ [/ C9 i2 w
138. Sitdown
" P9 t( c; e) U$ _3 ]# \ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ [: R! I* p- E* O$ e* P7 }3 N
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ \8 ]5 B" b7 \% p7 _" T" g 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws0 Y0 i1 P2 I1 |$ k/ y
9 F) d3 ], w, s- z
Action by Government Personnel3 a' Q' ?2 N& u! N# s0 Q
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 l, M* F; h" r+ S1 d8 r 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% r# a. r+ T2 ^
144. Stalling and obstruction9 O; P* i9 l% t4 |, e k @
145. General administrative noncooperation
, c% P2 _8 I. _
* d$ t9 o6 X; N$ S/ h1 q! f6 B" _ 146. Judicial noncooperation1 u" G9 H+ J! G/ V' \( F
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 I4 {% y) H* M' d 148. Mutiny
) {4 I3 K9 L5 n9 Q$ K; z) ?1 R; dDomestic Governmental Action
) w6 ^7 \/ c" [$ R: ^$ L7 h1 @ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 f' l6 E2 ~6 i! C3 l
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
) s* C) f. `% g: v# u8 m1 L, T! u& ^ d" V: o( n
International Governmental Action
$ p+ w1 d5 b' T1 b: \0 O& r" w 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- W' L! b9 [! @! `: c$ F' x. {6 v
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ {6 w! O% G: f/ z3 a
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 q# k9 j/ n1 _7 J 154. Severance of diplomatic relations& B9 R( P) y( c- H! t# x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations' O# n0 o Z. ?3 d( S9 j* Q3 [" `
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& q0 j; _7 i0 L
157. Expulsion from international organizations* W# N' {, B9 k' d8 {, i6 Q$ x& a
# M' T4 n" \8 H; ]. P6 T% c
5 H3 t' O3 M V' H7 G% Y2 i8 L* z+ |9 n& v
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION/ U' {4 _0 N8 y6 Q: m6 _. I, V
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Psychological Intervention- k: R+ J" K) h# `
158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ G( Z; Y$ r/ F0 t) ] 159. The fast
' ]' Z+ z* L6 {9 T/ C a) Fast of moral pressure
5 e3 K$ _4 M) `2 [ b) Hunger strike
; J% J8 {- w! O6 n c) Satyagrahic fast
& B! v8 B- H- p0 d 160. Reverse trial
2 {7 i( m* K% a# R 161. Nonviolent harassment. p/ d7 u5 h" a- a* H
8 v# Z, [8 Y9 }! TPhysical Intervention
' K7 P' P# X8 R. a& R, G 162. Sit-in
0 @ O2 j! G7 |. L3 ?; y$ z 163. Stand-in
, t7 a2 z$ R( F# U1 I 164. Ride-in0 K z% |! J. e( U( }
165. Wade-in
6 }+ r7 @# [& e 166. Mill-in
# N8 f; x N# d# u! d( a; V$ L 167. Pray-in, s! M& Y1 T; c9 U
168. Nonviolent raids- j( U: H9 H D9 i! r6 x& t3 u
169. Nonviolent air raids x& I* h! X% D5 Z
170. Nonviolent invasion
8 a) I, j4 h0 n' `; t8 z' d* ?: L, ~ 171. Nonviolent interjection: p6 e; Q# o9 ?6 ?! @
172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 Z6 b- Q, I, l+ I# X9 D& ^ _# L 173. Nonviolent occupation8 b, v% j5 }( w9 G. C7 Y0 k
+ Z5 X3 J( Q* p' Y
Social Intervention$ W1 O. }6 b$ w/ [1 S. t* c9 y) j
174. Establishing new social patterns
& F+ N5 z& P1 \3 ?' M 175. Overloading of facilities
8 u" b) J& r( Z* X) f$ Y 176. Stall-in
( B5 |0 v. l: q; a6 Z0 K9 p 177. Speak-in8 ?+ I. c. J d4 b
178. Guerrilla theater7 L. A) g' E, d' f/ C
179. Alternative social institutions
# U$ n, ^1 [7 t- D; a. t1 L 180. Alternative communication system
0 y4 c4 ~0 j6 {$ s, n) @7 Z2 ?7 L$ C0 W j9 m2 V5 q/ \
Economic Intervention
/ W0 h0 C4 I5 s. F0 X" r, p 181. Reverse strike3 Y& a2 ]# N2 M- V
182. Stay-in strike. K- Y5 X, w2 W9 r/ x% W" f
183. Nonviolent land seizure, d0 J# A9 p2 e6 A, y
184. Defiance of blockades
' _' p' F4 l, Y# _6 c" M6 _ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 g2 t W/ K3 ^4 F& F" a
186. Preclusive purchasing- h' C# R! V0 I; a
187. Seizure of assets
2 k6 j7 [& _7 V6 C) e: Y, N) l 188. Dumping
. A) K a% E5 F5 X4 ?6 `0 c 189. Selective patronage
+ `6 s, `# r) T9 ~# k 190. Alternative markets) R7 r' d" u/ O) k% j- f) y p
191. Alternative transportation systems, T( I# O" e$ ]. r% C% H& l
192. Alternative economic institutions% `2 A# A7 y2 p! {( n, A: X
) d6 s1 j0 b, f+ H8 w |! Y1 [
Political Intervention
3 t i! |* ]5 l( n2 {9 J; _ 193. Overloading of administrative systems$ s& {5 p B( j
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& ^. ?2 s0 i& ^ 195. Seeking imprisonment4 @3 f3 n. A* Q- N- V0 i
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 h& }7 ^ y3 A- Q1 E9 A' N9 y, f
197. Work-on without collaboration
0 H# r; [# a9 \( |5 t) C* z 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 E4 g; J% R2 M7 l, y8 j# j
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
