 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 s _' r9 m$ ?4 {8 k- y2 UFormal Statements9 p" {8 w; D; K8 Q' [ O
1. Public Speeches
* W8 g( u! j6 i 2. Letters of opposition or support
, S' ]1 X) s7 G$ c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! M5 C# U/ k) J. W4 H3 o7 t2 u 4. Signed public statements
1 H' G6 D" I/ T$ s# G+ k 5. Declarations of indictment and intention8 a& c; e I7 y; [& q
6. Group or mass petitions. E. M. i4 K x8 f. y6 g. u
# J) r3 o1 L& w! oCommunications with a Wider Audience8 U) f/ w# E, V4 ?" f6 C
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 o# C0 g$ i8 \
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 B' M0 }2 T2 S" K- V
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& C5 @6 j/ ?; F$ O# P
10. Newspapers and journals
0 b5 f" r8 k1 _" [& ?7 S; a. ?! S6 w3 w 11. Records, radio, and television
. k- G1 Z- e9 P0 Z4 a 12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ U7 Q" W, @0 w, p7 A
! S }* ^1 n# s9 G+ c" Y7 @! P$ F( }Group Representations
& Y+ Y! w7 q7 Y2 F 13. Deputations6 `" o1 g: T& P
14. Mock awards
! H( ^; Q6 f/ z0 G+ E 15. Group lobbying
: T" ^: Q5 A' N F) T" i 16. Picketing
' I4 J, K3 c$ X+ U 17. Mock elections. J( q2 f" [( e& O; N1 l N2 @! h
/ x! k$ p" Q# W; m z! LSymbolic Public Acts/ v, P# ]; {: C; e# ?+ M) ^/ Z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 Q+ Q: t$ i% M
19. Wearing of symbols5 Y& e, `- b. o% A) Z: ^
20. Prayer and worship
0 B) Y4 I. Q' o1 P. r) ^ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
& E/ f" [. t# k1 l. M2 q @& Z 22. Protest disrobings4 Q% h/ ?" A V8 f$ d- V
23. Destruction of own property
4 J* A% z1 ~* e. b' G# W+ | 24. Symbolic lights
/ }) Y( [9 J) C0 ~+ h; ? 25. Displays of portraits
' \6 Q# A# |" e 26. Paint as protest
5 q A$ |) B) U0 R* D3 c) Z2 j: D 27. New signs and names
9 J, T. H8 |% F, U 28. Symbolic sounds" F" R& u, h% c
29. Symbolic reclamations
9 D0 c* Z; n3 s( c 30. Rude gestures
- r* q8 v8 k( P+ L6 P0 r# I
1 Z6 h, N" A2 B; NPressures on Individuals O; g, y; g" F3 U
31. “Haunting” officials
, r% I# O2 H8 Y; A 32. Taunting officials
/ Y G# D! `+ G* C- U 33. Fraternization
B: G- m! q. @: F. Y% P6 A( H 34. Vigils
8 [! _0 \( u; G% T! U% t
! M1 j% a* a+ W* G, WDrama and Music
9 b# D4 g' m& F! j: o% @3 I' S 35. Humorous skits and pranks
( z. }5 ~- q& {4 H; ] 36. Performances of plays and music
/ a- o; J8 Y2 e; n0 N; K 37. Singing
' H6 v( N1 P. C, `5 Q) L, A2 _) \8 w% G$ v
Processions/ R5 R% W: R) g$ C) \
38. Marches
3 G2 {) V t/ ]7 }, K 39. Parades6 p& ~' Y K; ^% q% {4 _3 v$ ]
40. Religious processions0 e* X' C' V- t+ n" t K" t
41. Pilgrimages
5 C, }8 X) Z3 u1 |1 o. D 42. Motorcades
; T- D! Z; T J
8 Q7 z& U% {7 A6 `" G% d6 _Honoring the Dead
! j3 n3 A. \' ?$ y 43. Political mourning
8 ?: I- O# W1 e* U. r5 ] 44. Mock funerals- l4 D6 z9 o* w, B( b9 n: V0 [
45. Demonstrative funerals
6 V, U! b& {$ [) w 46. Homage at burial places
% K/ e4 A" [& w" R( R, ]- `. X( ^/ [& D U+ d
Public Assemblies
B, _. E3 l, N! a4 d 47. Assemblies of protest or support) R$ n0 g9 }1 J4 n1 Z, R! y
48. Protest meetings% T6 w& P" N3 i% P
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& V+ E8 b* Y. W, E
50. Teach-ins
& r0 v. D8 d9 d* L" N1 R* s0 H1 Q* r7 T/ g2 q, a, b/ |" a
Withdrawal and Renunciation
+ M0 ^$ q5 O- T8 t8 d) }0 ]3 }* W3 @ 51. Walk-outs
7 u; r" g, f0 D! ]4 k 52. Silence
( z6 i( Z7 j5 o& ^8 l! y& m 53. Renouncing honors
7 n0 @, k( X" n9 r6 j 54. Turning one’s back8 k# _2 X# v8 f* f: I6 m: h
2 @$ _4 G; N" g9 `* [+ _
7 ]# g! R4 C) R/ \. P0 F) P
6 p" e* @& h# Q# l4 h5 G5 G$ F
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- a0 {: x* [/ U& ^/ q9 E( q
4 N1 i# Y" [9 D0 ^, f7 ~2 ^
" f4 T! K! a0 Y3 Z
T8 d- ?6 d+ K! e: E% |; Y
Ostracism of Persons
" L# y9 m/ [) M$ X$ w% _- U0 x 55. Social boycott
* ?0 n' v" u( O) r7 p7 _ 56. Selective social boycott
' M$ }! _5 s5 m6 ^. I 57. Lysistratic nonaction& S6 L" e/ Q; p
58. Excommunication" D' Y. {5 G4 i( @. x) u, o$ m
59. Interdict( n& ?. }$ J( N& Q+ |
4 a& K- `+ Q3 o! ?# B- J& ?$ Y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; F( Z% a6 }5 ]& v* t 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& _3 z s! g( y 61. Boycott of social affairs% w) x- W/ d& j. _* Q
62. Student strike
1 ^/ P) u8 L+ X4 w V 63. Social disobedience) E9 k7 p& o& }! I2 z; i' X
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
/ t7 ], ^# K; r& N9 A6 ]/ d* \' E1 l& V$ I
Withdrawal from the Social System9 Y* A8 i; G' i6 Z% P( T
65. Stay-at-home
% X R1 a: T j8 D0 X 66. Total personal noncooperation
9 g+ m, d% [) A0 s2 ? 67. “Flight” of workers7 m9 T1 ?7 E7 v7 j
68. Sanctuary: p$ M# ~# g \7 ?$ [ `
69. Collective disappearance9 b) n" a; x7 ^7 O4 N
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
K6 y, L$ {+ C! }2 y# d$ O& n9 _2 g; x o8 l8 h8 k
# E: }+ |% H9 D- f3 c
0 v/ _0 s- w8 u% K# c# U1 `0 L) YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 m1 D. G$ h8 i
+ [2 ?, g; Y1 o# y, u9 r* \2 d3 g+ d' |
+ [) w7 x7 c# V5 q7 q* \5 C6 |6 p
Actions by Consumers
0 B/ r( g! P2 U. [& O+ ] 71. Consumers’ boycott
( \, G& p5 z" `$ R8 I" ~ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; e6 z, ?3 f: ^ {4 s/ u, N
73. Policy of austerity n8 u9 @4 Y$ v0 G# n/ u5 F
74. Rent withholding
0 ]6 I+ j9 C) {+ O/ l1 k 75. Refusal to rent
( G% U/ i4 w9 [7 @' h( P; f! n 76. National consumers’ boycott
9 O8 }: t7 D% m5 e/ S0 N, c( G 77. International consumers’ boycott
5 l+ x; r; Z8 O( C: p' ^5 e9 x& S- j
Action by Workers and Producers3 K5 j2 G9 V4 o7 R O
78. Workmen’s boycott/ X7 p4 n' V( W! J; [: y8 v7 @
79. Producers’ boycott
/ Z7 s; r1 O+ L: P; A% I- P: n3 d( [& T- g8 q
Action by Middlemen1 Z# [0 S6 @5 U
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& h' n) u1 a: p% }- H B
5 w) C) i/ ?+ I& xAction by Owners and Management' g$ m$ w3 b& q7 L
81. Traders’ boycott
+ B1 W# R2 [/ w$ f 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ B( q0 l1 C9 o! [5 e" } 83. Lockout4 p3 \: i! \: N
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' j6 L" j8 c, R/ i& Z 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ N3 s& n6 `0 q9 O; K% e
! D: z5 |/ ]0 |7 W0 J! I! r, rAction by Holders of Financial Resources
5 e' s+ ~6 [3 Y# Y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, }- x% ]- ?& o. R( D I
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; }: v- Z# R- Q; N+ r
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
" Y# b6 m! ?7 Q" H2 |9 f3 ? 89. Severance of funds and credit
2 W5 }: D m3 F. \2 v1 t! X 90. Revenue refusal
6 ^( d' l. [- L 91. Refusal of a government’s money
3 ]3 j+ |6 [; T. [. V0 P5 ^ Y5 A* {2 k2 M
Action by Governments
3 i+ S+ e f: v2 ]: _$ } 92. Domestic embargo* m) j9 t6 `& V$ w7 E3 B/ }) D
93. Blacklisting of traders, h) f9 X& P8 J/ u) O; R9 j. e% a: e
94. International sellers’ embargo
; f- y+ E+ R# h, z( _) m 95. International buyers’ embargo
7 ?4 p' H& A- C C( M% H0 ^ 96. International trade embargo
: O4 g( W9 R& m' }3 ]* i, V% h t' E1 n1 G, d% M
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6 B" c" m. U' ]2 |) m" J6 `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( j! `9 E+ J; p
& d9 d- y/ U0 o3 h; B4 s
7 J9 ^ ?" @# r0 rSymbolic Strikes
* l+ ^. y# E Z y+ N% v7 }6 m3 ? 97. Protest strike" x8 Y' l$ d, {7 }1 d4 J, f8 G
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)' H1 I {0 ~1 R
2 E6 F/ O7 x8 l$ c4 I2 V4 |! l! OAgricultural Strikes
9 H7 Z! w) J+ g; k8 E 99. Peasant strike' ?& I! M; ?5 N- \$ o
100. Farm Workers’ strike
. [; e5 m/ M1 Z; {, M! d. k( V0 i5 e
0 O U+ ^% f$ W) q: Y* x( H0 s( sStrikes by Special Groups+ H" s0 G5 k o8 L* p( O
101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 `! p) [# J, K" `9 ^$ C 102. Prisoners’ strike
: V$ O# V* |* R8 g, p 103. Craft strike
+ Y( K, c1 c. [) t% ~3 a9 ^! ^ 104. Professional strike
# a2 u9 `2 ~& N. U% q) F g) m3 Q* d# X5 X p9 B& b, i' n' W
Ordinary Industrial Strikes5 t4 a9 \ p2 R2 I9 A* c$ Z4 G+ Z
105. Establishment strike
/ t7 v4 Y" I* W6 E& c0 k 106. Industry strike9 u3 e B; x- l4 Y1 m: K5 b
107. Sympathetic strike6 P, k. {' a g- O. L
; i" Z( B {% E- XRestricted Strikes
; q$ Q. \7 y4 `; V4 p' I 108. Detailed strike' b; G) j b% L
109. Bumper strike
* j% c9 b) H a0 S5 H 110. Slowdown strike. c6 Y% R8 i ^% F. a" Y
111. Working-to-rule strike
O. f: b' _8 q2 j) H) l! _# e 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" Y. `' u t. o5 }$ }, j( [" D( U 113. Strike by resignation8 F6 }' J- Y4 J/ _# n7 b4 y) {
114. Limited strike
( b" u- T$ t; Z+ x5 J5 s 115. Selective strike
% E/ U) a8 i, r0 b7 ]! E
. f$ w% Q0 R7 _; @Multi-Industry Strikes- B& ^, x# ~. `1 t! }0 G, ]* t! b1 V
7 A9 e! E2 k, c 116. Generalized strike" j3 _. \5 G# } F
F7 E; ]1 B8 V2 l* p4 Q1 [ 117. General strike/ Z+ X) l- u, s
6 e/ A( C9 \* e/ I; D2 r H3 [- K
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: y1 W2 s! ~! R/ r7 D8 r6 C- ~
+ H" V7 t9 }4 P& K4 M& s3 ^ 118. Hartal
6 k# M. V: ]& A4 M1 Y- M% O
3 S3 F7 S% x" A$ h } 119. Economic shutdown7 o/ v! a! U: l* U; i
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& f/ Z; A( X% d8 Q* vTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION U: \+ f9 ]! e7 Q* F0 J. A
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1 n; B7 w8 |( \- |# I
Rejection of Authority
, @8 m, k: f7 b5 `- l4 T 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- D; a: o. h8 O( ^& ~
121. Refusal of public support- ^% J# d- U# }% b
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" @, ]+ K; z' Q! v5 v
7 V8 d4 H9 |+ `
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government; l/ Y5 ^9 Z Q! m$ h0 L7 \
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
8 i' U$ K4 o; J, x6 R/ o& n5 B% Q: D8 w 124. Boycott of elections
: G) e1 ~0 L( V1 l 125. Boycott of government employment and positions: G6 b+ b0 F" V( ?
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. R& B: T, v! J$ ]; h, K
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions. C- m! N1 f1 T/ F+ J
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
$ i3 |9 d; \( w" B& R. m: B 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! _4 W$ T' c5 J9 s( ]7 g, ]5 j 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 P; ?$ M' g& k+ r- T m V( ~/ I
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ c% z) E: X+ q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& }2 W3 H# y6 W5 ~
/ _. @; J }! {% H6 w$ W& mCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 P# E% h" l" } y" h, X 133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 W2 e5 e) C \5 h3 K
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- q2 @- a1 p; [ 135. Popular nonobedience
( n2 k" y7 B7 K; H4 c3 U$ \ 136. Disguised disobedience
5 L: w, u* q. P# U$ Q* m( j" U 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# J% [. p& m8 l& _4 P 138. Sitdown* o; b" d+ F# V
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( ~2 @7 t1 b) P 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 r: g! L3 e& b5 H! G( A5 Z
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; M& F* ^% w) Z; O6 C3 m/ x
2 j- a! ^- y, hAction by Government Personnel- }4 g- Q U H& U0 t. |4 B" E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! s& S+ r+ T8 H 143. Blocking of lines of command and information( |9 u# i3 j) t, R6 X9 S; K
144. Stalling and obstruction
4 i" _4 y- ]! W# l 145. General administrative noncooperation- Y$ {9 n9 F: I6 e# H/ F& B
0 e# u+ w8 j. Y- n
146. Judicial noncooperation: c; ^3 i# f) h% p" z
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- e+ i5 \0 m( {5 V! ]. `. L Y 148. Mutiny
5 X& y% f4 f+ N: kDomestic Governmental Action
/ k3 z" @1 D! p9 T& J" ?& \" Y 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% j# |2 h3 I- b% N3 U S2 R4 u 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: l; g9 J# ]5 \
7 x+ x, S% v0 H. X. V# H9 M r
International Governmental Action
) C$ J2 Z8 D, M8 g$ U7 z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) a, ^" A ]7 {2 R& Q/ r
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ [' ?6 @. e: w, q# [9 v/ L( t; ], ]! v 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition0 Z! k1 M' ~. }
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
3 }2 C( n# F# ~. W) w 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
P8 L' E# G7 D& V 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 J _2 h9 l. D5 O
157. Expulsion from international organizations
& o" ~) N& h) d4 Y6 t, v3 L: O' b9 K$ b, j. h& W( H1 `0 V) s
6 {) Z: y0 g, X7 _% x
- p+ F/ X' K# n" _2 B* ~" B8 UTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 l1 Z% f/ b) E2 d; |! o- B0 v) U; P+ Q2 K5 C( I" N: S0 V4 e* D
3 n2 F& E7 P) m/ e/ EPsychological Intervention! i2 }9 N0 ?; L6 Q
158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 n9 u% \4 s1 G4 N) B6 U2 Q0 e 159. The fast4 z" c+ w% j+ g. o
a) Fast of moral pressure
; c$ n$ O; w4 @9 U! l b) Hunger strike( b& d. t3 x* B' L& L/ b- j) [4 d
c) Satyagrahic fast0 \; g l. O. X# V
160. Reverse trial4 ?3 p( ^; R( Q" }4 g. |, Q
161. Nonviolent harassment6 _# x/ m+ m5 O' F
0 D7 f6 C3 }3 u) [/ u- K a
Physical Intervention
" h0 W! x8 M7 o/ i, y 162. Sit-in4 Z% w# L7 i/ z( P7 B m
163. Stand-in( F% ^' e7 x/ p2 n: o3 G# }
164. Ride-in
& x! h8 d' Y0 L' ]6 U& M 165. Wade-in2 p( I! |& S& `1 m: Y. F0 q& _: ?
166. Mill-in* H$ _/ v2 |/ i: O: D) S: I
167. Pray-in
6 O$ [6 b3 ]) L 168. Nonviolent raids
6 u) l5 w! i: R: ~2 w6 b7 Q& j 169. Nonviolent air raids2 i* m9 X+ J3 F& N$ Q, u. @$ t
170. Nonviolent invasion+ Z" {6 R8 x" g6 [+ g7 y% M
171. Nonviolent interjection# B, J/ t3 q3 z5 \$ H! F
172. Nonviolent obstruction
% z' u9 k% V$ X7 o o$ ? 173. Nonviolent occupation
, ~( m& j1 K2 x9 Z! H
" I! F3 }- H% k3 z/ QSocial Intervention8 d3 a1 E3 C* J4 ]3 n2 M' P5 o
174. Establishing new social patterns
. j1 L Y6 i5 X1 }3 A 175. Overloading of facilities
- ^' p6 }6 m* c+ t' A1 f! z: c7 B 176. Stall-in
0 s9 _4 I& J# j$ ^( {" G1 M 177. Speak-in# c4 L& e- y% y6 N0 y. }$ O# a
178. Guerrilla theater5 @7 L- K: J; e$ Q
179. Alternative social institutions1 f$ C" K P, n L5 U
180. Alternative communication system1 `' q8 n! d4 U6 c% z4 g/ H2 p9 K7 U
6 \7 x# ^8 U* i' s7 W
Economic Intervention! r% h4 D! M3 Y/ H! j( ]/ ~
181. Reverse strike+ ~# ], b* @* e. L
182. Stay-in strike
# J- l8 W5 c- |1 p7 S( g$ E+ } 183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 S" G* J0 u* U; [( ^ 184. Defiance of blockades# j& a) T/ Y; ^1 g! ^* @2 t
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ o' r. w6 ^0 ?; t9 o" ?
186. Preclusive purchasing; ]4 Z4 t" Y" h, d# m
187. Seizure of assets
0 s d! G* U6 \ q$ Q$ s 188. Dumping1 f$ q. g; B/ m4 u+ Y1 Q* {
189. Selective patronage
+ i; B W7 a- L 190. Alternative markets
, T# T+ n8 Y' Y' I 191. Alternative transportation systems0 B3 c5 M- g( h2 b/ j
192. Alternative economic institutions
. N( [7 u' H: m* F2 }
+ M* ~+ D# L( ?) m- NPolitical Intervention
6 z, o9 l2 G# ~" \! d 193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 ], b0 K& e: X; y5 d 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents6 r, Y' h3 X r; j
195. Seeking imprisonment- ~# U U8 a" Y* @4 v; |( g* M
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ c. X i/ W$ c" }
197. Work-on without collaboration* Y" j8 z+ S6 a" c7 N# _9 d$ n
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 a. M+ u& ^! U7 N& J* p
* l1 v9 w& e6 h1 g+ K7 `7 ` |
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
