 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, P" H7 _5 s4 Y7 R% y) xFormal Statements
( \: p* d2 C) h# G5 [6 ^1 F& j 1. Public Speeches# V, ?; Q. c0 m0 s# P
2. Letters of opposition or support; B/ o3 ]( m7 A) W4 o6 O! | L
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 j3 B$ U' x2 n1 l$ `, e- @5 g4 `6 T 4. Signed public statements7 Q4 ^9 ], [; V4 w
5. Declarations of indictment and intention! z. O. H7 ?. _3 H+ D
6. Group or mass petitions4 h1 R4 _0 O1 g6 l+ f
2 v b" G) j. n: l- y1 z9 F$ ^
Communications with a Wider Audience
# y8 {/ c% q" B" B3 e/ G 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ r2 R( R0 T: v% W; J3 |
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: ^6 u9 k" k0 f! A; h8 V5 W 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
6 c- a, ^" U7 ~7 a/ K0 l, G 10. Newspapers and journals
+ P4 } y$ ?7 a" c( i* d6 L: i 11. Records, radio, and television7 n& n0 q6 T5 }; s4 A
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 F5 F2 o* C$ d. s1 o# t4 J/ \ e: m) `
Group Representations. c: K/ A) ~8 T5 u0 z
13. Deputations, }2 R& ~* b% X
14. Mock awards
2 `4 Z3 p/ a8 Z3 X+ o 15. Group lobbying5 q8 M" D/ h8 q, k. F E3 i
16. Picketing& A: k" _: ?3 ]- u9 ~, h
17. Mock elections) c+ z; E: s( O: p, Y. ?& r
5 Y' s8 ]5 ~/ @& kSymbolic Public Acts( c/ e9 x& n: @# t; M9 g
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
2 m( o! h6 d7 j9 V 19. Wearing of symbols, ~( s9 m4 O! t) |1 Z4 n
20. Prayer and worship
; |" h, l9 i0 s+ S" m8 _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
4 U& d. ?4 a% d' q' w, P0 G 22. Protest disrobings
! ^- N: l, q' ]% o7 R3 \2 [% P1 y 23. Destruction of own property6 k. e: x* e' b8 p
24. Symbolic lights7 y; Q: {4 u5 ^# W, J/ K$ G$ x$ f
25. Displays of portraits" X: z0 R4 r2 N+ K# s% h6 Y
26. Paint as protest
- W1 S0 U( T8 _. a+ T. Y 27. New signs and names
( ~9 N B# n) h6 `1 R; ?" K2 P2 N 28. Symbolic sounds
{. Y$ n2 P b1 I8 x# f5 t6 P! g 29. Symbolic reclamations2 C1 S8 B0 \3 p% U# U' r( _) j3 j7 R) ~
30. Rude gestures, d7 X6 r. t4 e$ W b+ e
# [+ Z9 }% {4 I6 u+ l' QPressures on Individuals
& z5 |6 R& n: v' N 31. “Haunting” officials
6 h2 b' g8 V; r: i 32. Taunting officials
- X1 ]; x3 D7 Y+ G% N% }. g( i 33. Fraternization; E6 H& |' x& n t! I8 [6 P0 a8 k
34. Vigils8 F1 n6 ^4 f$ x- @- t9 ~
}$ X3 N4 Q( j8 |
Drama and Music! H: I* G* I7 j0 V
35. Humorous skits and pranks& [0 I' t* a. s, d k
36. Performances of plays and music
1 T5 f! y8 }- W* ^0 P1 d 37. Singing, a, E5 D3 R' ^4 Y& M
* @$ b/ I ]5 H+ V! X" z% FProcessions
% y% j! L$ K0 T! e3 n 38. Marches# n/ _8 V: T% f9 `9 R
39. Parades; Y1 d% R/ {; U( p7 S; H c) N
40. Religious processions
- b0 K- m: w {- E8 f: T8 I8 b5 ] 41. Pilgrimages6 l7 n$ y( w+ {* ^, H# [% `
42. Motorcades
' o. G6 g. A( u7 T+ j$ [8 A5 S
' n: S& x6 s ]) c/ C2 r5 @Honoring the Dead% }$ z: Q, @& P% w1 z
43. Political mourning
2 r! h! P! M; }) Y; B1 \6 V- t 44. Mock funerals% V8 a1 D5 K- m5 o4 P
45. Demonstrative funerals
) t3 T9 [* u& [$ ]+ P; R: G% s 46. Homage at burial places
" w- m1 M% z* {0 q& ]+ n( N( {, n9 J( C; ]
Public Assemblies
0 [ V" s& \$ C/ {& K$ T" {* S9 P L 47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 e6 I& ?. a/ m* ]9 Q7 p* K7 B- m2 f! E 48. Protest meetings
( s. g) B7 }& I! {' v+ \# r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 \7 c9 T; Q- c j3 ?
50. Teach-ins% v, T( V2 w7 ]$ `3 M' T; K
1 E2 C7 z0 z! f. }- D) A2 w7 rWithdrawal and Renunciation, e2 h/ P: ?( u3 H9 t
51. Walk-outs
9 N* |9 ]8 a w0 n1 h 52. Silence
3 {& m) K4 a, x e 53. Renouncing honors$ |5 Z4 z, l/ M6 F+ r* {, k
54. Turning one’s back
6 y5 O: b2 w$ e Q# t* H/ J O. m1 G x4 ?% x
2 j. X: B5 d5 L' y
8 {# {1 P/ Q9 Z! Z% {7 }2 xTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION Q' O }/ u) I5 t$ U
. z, V" {% z" n
7 {( v1 G' P2 g4 y: J0 o/ V: i# a" V+ P* J! t+ h8 ~
Ostracism of Persons% Z% a# S6 i& s1 a) h
55. Social boycott: w2 V3 J. `4 m) ?# ~4 }' d8 ^
56. Selective social boycott
8 f2 u" Y/ s {. ] 57. Lysistratic nonaction1 X% B9 E$ C& e) \ c. S x9 z2 x
58. Excommunication
) D9 Y& c- ]( w1 I% Z 59. Interdict
& M: `' D* G1 r9 E
2 B7 t$ _ E# n* k$ K! d* LNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ b7 M3 x0 Q' |4 \ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ O% Y, u1 m' f0 w3 V 61. Boycott of social affairs" P+ |, x" S! p# f6 z6 E# J+ L' S
62. Student strike( l# O+ b) c4 J( ^# K' S! a
63. Social disobedience6 H; H0 P. q: K* K' }" ^, e
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' g" P- `- B$ J. O0 q; ^0 H
# Y5 p9 F4 Y. d- [' Y a, `Withdrawal from the Social System
- E) x- O8 E9 Q2 Y3 C 65. Stay-at-home4 R z2 Q1 {* J/ M3 d
66. Total personal noncooperation/ [$ ^( U' z/ k- L$ X, |
67. “Flight” of workers
' z& u0 N X" ? Z; F- p1 `( y$ D: W! q 68. Sanctuary
( m% z) V% T8 G* u2 z 69. Collective disappearance
" I, t! g1 `/ U- z. S 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
2 b2 Z& Q3 ^0 {; ~2 N+ q) _
5 B, h9 t9 i- m6 o/ I+ ]7 f
3 j! |2 M8 |0 r' z8 `$ r5 V# Q7 b/ s6 }
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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e: f% e! @0 W8 b$ f# L 6 h2 J0 h. S" T7 F9 r0 ]$ ?
Actions by Consumers
+ C2 l& H2 ~( B( h0 ? 71. Consumers’ boycott
% F' i2 f; l2 j# V 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 V4 P2 q! ]7 w 73. Policy of austerity
7 I @' o! i3 N) O 74. Rent withholding h) H% S1 h: F. c7 L7 ~) Z: L
75. Refusal to rent
" {' E0 ~7 L0 [5 a 76. National consumers’ boycott
) U) A8 T7 W/ P$ @; a1 F& M 77. International consumers’ boycott! |, c. G! V' n) `0 r
+ G% V6 w6 J3 _ {$ \Action by Workers and Producers- m8 r' S9 J1 D5 n% n$ Y1 z) Y- N4 E
78. Workmen’s boycott( W t6 f) q3 F3 _( i
79. Producers’ boycott
. ^9 X0 A1 m/ D$ M$ m; j/ _* V
6 }$ T; H, S5 B( M$ r" P6 j/ xAction by Middlemen s2 a2 Y" G) l. W! D' E
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ \& e# I! E6 Z* T3 d( t
. G' O# F5 V+ K2 K. \, m7 g# [Action by Owners and Management
+ H5 d6 R, p& R. Q 81. Traders’ boycott# b% J/ g$ q( y
82. Refusal to let or sell property
. X. s' _$ F9 u1 m/ c 83. Lockout/ h8 z U- S# k6 {! F
84. Refusal of industrial assistance6 V$ q0 K5 U4 ?2 t( T8 N
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 o: J2 |' R' s4 o9 H( o7 P/ X8 c5 Q3 l5 |
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
/ O. P- e* {/ X# x m( ~ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
- a# A0 [+ r# |( f* ~ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
& y/ b( c6 O- t4 s 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ Q2 `4 I r+ a/ |1 z5 |" y# p 89. Severance of funds and credit: G, |- F3 g6 l4 G0 \ C
90. Revenue refusal
/ ]) G% ^* d0 _# e/ z 91. Refusal of a government’s money: u) O; A* K5 O' C
4 Y. l2 ?3 }/ ?( ?& j$ Y. m+ k
Action by Governments5 x* c$ z# A0 k7 X1 `7 O c( Y
92. Domestic embargo5 A& G3 i0 S) |7 s
93. Blacklisting of traders
" O' }1 `. ?. J7 g) e& a8 } 94. International sellers’ embargo
$ p# K+ h" Z2 t9 ~9 e4 s 95. International buyers’ embargo
; |. s/ F( W7 J9 o/ l. K+ g 96. International trade embargo# R# P, e" C2 e: ~/ \, L
! x/ I' L9 d' w0 A h% R
# T2 m% R( {+ C
( h2 X. K* [; _& k% Q8 WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 x" Z7 R% o" i" A2 b0 E# I3 x
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$ T( S) y( @! v" ?: E3 ]Symbolic Strikes% t5 c: f1 Z) O$ L* z0 e
97. Protest strike) z6 X# ?0 r1 A5 a
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; P" y6 M8 F1 _- R, N
4 c+ V- }, ~; \4 RAgricultural Strikes Q- [/ \0 i; q5 F3 ?. m
99. Peasant strike
+ j, G6 L( l) R9 `/ W7 h 100. Farm Workers’ strike
& C7 C( T/ V7 c4 k1 P
2 W7 X* }! c3 z6 RStrikes by Special Groups5 D3 Z. j* i; N9 Y! L2 N$ f
101. Refusal of impressed labor6 e; M3 a! G9 M
102. Prisoners’ strike
$ @* a8 k9 l) O& U$ K: b# p 103. Craft strike
& l* |0 ]7 X6 O: f4 } 104. Professional strike
( Y% V/ P w5 g( T- ~" ?" G4 a; p+ H0 A5 a2 h( p% F' k3 j
Ordinary Industrial Strikes: i& E) E! U$ N; Q* Y
105. Establishment strike
7 J/ o* a, U# p4 U 106. Industry strike6 U' e4 g f( s$ r" b" A
107. Sympathetic strike
& E. `1 [' z# z( b; M" f5 [0 b) s2 D6 J- q; S
Restricted Strikes
- w1 l- q1 ~, d! d. z t! I# u 108. Detailed strike
" }' h; ]; J G- G: R2 Z 109. Bumper strike( ~" d9 w6 s1 c8 g7 v5 e% Z# p
110. Slowdown strike2 }8 |1 \& i% [. ~# l: k" \$ R
111. Working-to-rule strike9 \0 x0 E s+ f3 M8 b; `" K( b; W
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 t- `& @+ w$ w$ w6 N 113. Strike by resignation
# V3 x3 I1 |2 R$ a 114. Limited strike5 `3 u D$ U- b6 q
115. Selective strike
! a* @' k$ J3 K8 [$ x" s2 `2 B! Y" J& n6 M5 G" t% _! D
Multi-Industry Strikes0 K5 j# J) X9 ^% Q, o
5 [3 Z7 ~. P3 Y
116. Generalized strike
. ?/ m1 v$ O$ F( f$ V& B8 Q+ _, {4 S+ h8 L6 |3 ]5 D0 @$ Q1 e
117. General strike& _% x+ O, j" p7 i- x- i
/ r$ {$ d4 G( |" c
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures' u# ?3 o R% P$ D' F, H, _2 |' O: \
7 j( k; w' w0 p, H; G8 r 118. Hartal
\0 F8 y+ y- \; u" |4 e. @% v8 u" v8 b- O
119. Economic shutdown
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$ ^2 ?' r; m( X& b& X$ PTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 f* l' x2 u. F1 I
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# S2 R: t( H- a- ` x5 Q0 IRejection of Authority! ^ m {' U# M8 p, E: m& U8 u
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
6 Y7 e: S0 ~# E' E$ R* |0 o 121. Refusal of public support$ }) U, [5 `" @) b, p
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, l) J' c2 W- [; ^* ]# {+ x
8 \& j" c9 A9 A1 Z1 y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, L) X, O& T$ g: n/ _; E6 s6 \! ]8 m 123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 `3 Q/ r4 E7 i5 ~9 w$ f
124. Boycott of elections
9 m1 @6 r! a B% C1 C 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
8 K" K3 `/ n3 E) x+ q5 D8 @ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 Y* @: H3 g- U& q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 Y/ R) N, n* K4 I- U! m 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 r/ ?! c$ j' ^2 z/ ? y' q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: |9 ~' z. x4 j+ M& p: j$ A: p" E, |
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ J7 q/ G9 ?# L+ D0 x W; k9 m% b
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 w8 ?$ P. ~% P, e- R- b 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! D/ e5 b2 W8 N! ~2 y' y2 A+ |- J }# f. A6 ?( Q
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
b" S8 f( m* o+ `7 `2 m* q5 ~% H 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" [$ \4 `1 D- {1 }# s$ A0 a$ ~ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' x0 B4 G! ^3 E8 s5 I
135. Popular nonobedience$ l* c. }7 b: }) @" F9 o: x+ b
136. Disguised disobedience' A3 E/ R/ ?3 k5 w2 c7 o
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 H, X0 s% L# j) ?% S
138. Sitdown8 ^' p+ C2 O2 D
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) X, f: t/ A# H 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# w1 J. I0 v" ~" l1 E. i 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws p( i5 C. j2 u$ T" n& m' B( i; s
. K' B9 x# Z# \6 |6 XAction by Government Personnel1 o- U) ~3 |" m& P1 d# o% W
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- T5 E" K1 \, B* ~+ _6 ^+ ]4 W. q$ R 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
/ o3 E! n+ {( y' P1 L2 @& G6 ~ 144. Stalling and obstruction2 R' p1 D+ z$ _ } L- I. y. E5 g
145. General administrative noncooperation
3 o) b$ v% M; s: k1 P3 W. N/ a; S, G: R
146. Judicial noncooperation2 P0 f" q A: f6 t K+ {- m
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents$ T5 y' E1 |6 \! y( B/ Z
148. Mutiny4 }. b' E2 @$ x) K& |# W9 O
Domestic Governmental Action
6 d# ]5 w, `0 f; ]9 c) D 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 t- H9 C' }) p5 o- W4 ~5 p+ E 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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: a2 a8 ?# A5 l* ]) N2 b E' k5 `International Governmental Action
. `7 _/ F' P* C/ f( t, J. h 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ J$ X, {& b0 l* w9 w/ z+ R' i2 k5 \ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# Y" R4 A$ T- x" ~- y- G 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
( ~7 t, w3 ?8 d, {1 m+ S1 k! d6 r9 k 154. Severance of diplomatic relations# x5 b/ R: M$ u$ b% r% Q
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. P0 \5 T5 O- Y* v1 r6 L2 W. i 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" E8 c9 [& R- m0 } 157. Expulsion from international organizations- l8 j# L6 j- x, u+ J1 y+ b
& l: w8 X" Y% K1 S G
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 s1 {6 [2 o1 w- w4 ~
, X5 P- d, L, ?( e$ _- h
) l9 r# u) b2 G9 SPsychological Intervention/ d7 s5 @' [) K& G) o+ }
158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ A, C- E5 L" s- C8 S% G7 S9 i, b n 159. The fast3 `8 z7 w2 V6 [) D
a) Fast of moral pressure& [& C A! C. l1 V* n
b) Hunger strike
. Y& n2 E7 ~0 j: G% N c) Satyagrahic fast& D6 d$ ?$ C+ v% U. x# @3 r! w
160. Reverse trial
2 O- C$ `# P6 w4 c: Z5 N 161. Nonviolent harassment
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4 }+ l4 z& S5 }Physical Intervention8 j( }6 l [9 U$ t2 T% ?$ }8 k
162. Sit-in
8 x# n1 k; x$ j, m b/ e' q 163. Stand-in i: c1 |) I! z! n8 g
164. Ride-in% ~$ I1 x% Y e, z& K# W$ B: }
165. Wade-in
5 E2 t) C$ {8 o$ S 166. Mill-in6 {9 }; f, H1 x* W7 c7 x# {
167. Pray-in
1 F' L- d) L2 M 168. Nonviolent raids
% Z( `* S( ?2 g( i( U2 u 169. Nonviolent air raids
2 j& q& f: p7 m @ 170. Nonviolent invasion' Z- X2 P7 l: F- f
171. Nonviolent interjection
) q# ?4 \% Z7 v! ~' _) ~& _9 M: q: Z 172. Nonviolent obstruction7 v) e) W3 L2 g2 |- m
173. Nonviolent occupation
8 b9 e$ B$ v! \) \% X& A) ?& J$ U. u" e9 X5 t( \& X
Social Intervention
% m( N* Z1 A1 j9 | 174. Establishing new social patterns
- K0 l( z: o& N* l0 K, K9 K% i 175. Overloading of facilities3 `' G4 R# N* |' q
176. Stall-in: ^: z- y5 y' C2 O& t& [
177. Speak-in
- r# L/ y8 S6 M9 w8 i3 d* } 178. Guerrilla theater
/ _* o# \8 S& x- f' K0 M: a7 y% i 179. Alternative social institutions# K2 U; A: l6 g! L$ A
180. Alternative communication system( N; M: Q4 u3 V0 [3 \8 F
7 e" a0 x# @' U) G* ?, d
Economic Intervention
. V0 l3 C {9 |6 b/ h* f 181. Reverse strike- B, ?1 @: g+ h; Y6 W) ~/ `' h$ y
182. Stay-in strike
; T% u+ ~. ~( w. K2 F 183. Nonviolent land seizure C" O, {0 L# ~( I( n0 r. _
184. Defiance of blockades
4 C- q# U* t+ l9 e% P B 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 R0 o1 } y' g: `' e6 ^
186. Preclusive purchasing2 r. K5 f, }/ I' X
187. Seizure of assets
5 H+ ], o) u+ `& Q8 u/ o0 }! Z 188. Dumping) C6 S, N: j! l0 @+ j0 \
189. Selective patronage, X- g& Q5 z% s3 ~
190. Alternative markets
5 v# Q* h) ~* b3 b 191. Alternative transportation systems
2 \: z) |% U! S9 R 192. Alternative economic institutions# w0 | o0 {' h# K5 S6 E1 t" C9 C
5 k& I9 ?) e6 h- u# P j- ]' Z' }Political Intervention# w$ H( R4 K* W% \
193. Overloading of administrative systems% S$ X; r" k% a7 N
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 Y# U# r q3 H6 K
195. Seeking imprisonment- c$ a% S- G7 R
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) F) M0 w( J( I$ Q* e" U 197. Work-on without collaboration0 N0 a f; D. u; p8 z9 @
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
