 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) z G9 q5 x$ q" n! P, n+ BFormal Statements
) @. z, U0 X. h3 {5 h* i: C0 K 1. Public Speeches/ F+ H0 {- ?9 E* d! a5 S- s. T
2. Letters of opposition or support) J+ q$ R1 y5 l4 [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* n7 T1 G/ ~! o+ C! [6 ^5 W; w* _
4. Signed public statements
5 H m* w8 k; S 5. Declarations of indictment and intention% r* T4 D0 B' Q7 d
6. Group or mass petitions
8 I0 X2 M* I9 E$ F; g7 H$ g" x/ M/ Y4 ?0 R
Communications with a Wider Audience; W! S3 W" X& u( H) L# ]
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 m1 y8 h1 v8 L# @% M( H" C; g
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" _8 U; L% _' t/ K0 M 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ Z' V( X, C7 H) e
10. Newspapers and journals
, X9 U" W5 Z' B P; M' v 11. Records, radio, and television \) j6 u$ j* K: a$ M l( |* Q* A' B) F
12. Skywriting and earthwriting" z' U+ f" |" b) h- u
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Group Representations9 j5 j1 W2 B$ _) ^. ^7 j$ h2 I
13. Deputations
|9 {& J! B% E+ [8 X 14. Mock awards
" S( d) c+ v) D V8 X 15. Group lobbying
3 `) z1 x6 O) `4 d1 i 16. Picketing
* ]4 P6 ~! }4 E5 R! J9 P 17. Mock elections2 L! v3 J6 d( G- _, z3 y8 r
0 ?+ |0 R6 c/ r2 q% zSymbolic Public Acts3 b6 N2 s5 L( g3 D2 U- k1 I }$ k
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors* h) o$ j( R0 }( k% r7 E# e
19. Wearing of symbols
+ q5 _! f* P2 G& o' n7 |. D9 Z 20. Prayer and worship
5 I' ?3 {8 r4 p( E 21. Delivering symbolic objects
" t2 E/ t4 X0 L% M% _ q 22. Protest disrobings+ L: y* C3 g8 ]. d
23. Destruction of own property
6 o8 ^) k) M7 J; X) j! {3 Q9 r* D 24. Symbolic lights/ R1 {' Q+ U+ G5 f0 H
25. Displays of portraits
, B9 Q, C7 t; W% ~ 26. Paint as protest' t2 |6 U4 U+ n1 J2 ^) S x
27. New signs and names
5 F# V9 c/ s, B1 A" S/ O; w0 H 28. Symbolic sounds
+ y) |; j- {/ J) ~: w& \" _& y 29. Symbolic reclamations
0 {8 D6 Q2 w% d8 v& ?' Z 30. Rude gestures2 F: |' U( `& t& A* g" k
. R1 V7 ~1 F3 m" G, b. G
Pressures on Individuals: e; r# ^' w. a7 y( U! O
31. “Haunting” officials, U$ ]- ^' f) i5 B! l6 T& \
32. Taunting officials
4 u. u) s7 G+ W# f5 m( Z 33. Fraternization
0 T% _# W6 R- h3 Q0 ?: B 34. Vigils
8 k- f1 P" s. U% I0 M, E5 M! I- i# s" k4 J: |* ]
Drama and Music
. t& H) Y( n% \. C* F5 ^ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 m, \; {( V: _' o- d9 c( C 36. Performances of plays and music
2 Z/ u# Y8 Q" O1 B 37. Singing y# w) U- ^: J. v" l: ?
1 L6 n/ Y8 G" d# o; L/ t+ u2 v
Processions
$ g2 t' m/ N2 [ 38. Marches
) g% r% V# M% k4 I: x s @3 |& z# o 39. Parades
, w# V% w6 Y0 ]7 A5 Q+ O 40. Religious processions
9 K0 d) |- W; l, K7 z! s$ J 41. Pilgrimages: n: e; u' E1 x9 T R
42. Motorcades
3 x, x( {# v, w: J) ^ o) M( Y7 l4 t( ?; J) W" A' m) N
Honoring the Dead* L$ z$ W- i7 A, I8 s$ K
43. Political mourning
M+ j* _3 x9 i2 E) L) O% j" O 44. Mock funerals) T+ k+ U3 w2 u
45. Demonstrative funerals
% J1 ^7 |. V/ |# X3 S/ v% W 46. Homage at burial places
5 s& G8 N) E/ O4 Y: S# y* M( L. z/ V( r. ~/ k
Public Assemblies- I5 S0 i2 B2 L r
47. Assemblies of protest or support
% t5 ~* m4 Z c2 L8 v1 U, M( q/ @5 T 48. Protest meetings
2 M1 D V2 M, s' G 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 ~$ j# k1 c6 r, ], U' {+ h6 K! |2 T 50. Teach-ins
& W2 {! A! Y- r: D. Y, T# z
" s8 P' k6 T) q3 y( E8 p' I# B; OWithdrawal and Renunciation
7 \" G$ _4 J0 q9 K& P0 i$ j 51. Walk-outs. e0 f: h* }3 d* U. X
52. Silence) u8 ^8 [+ \! X. M( L/ h
53. Renouncing honors
" F+ c8 C z6 X; s' { U6 U 54. Turning one’s back! H( R$ z/ o8 {
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
0 r) \3 U, ]3 B# k( v7 ]
# Q4 A `' y5 @* |9 J; p8 W; h; O 0 m4 ^4 h( A Q" M; L6 U
$ y% b* J1 z" H6 Z- bOstracism of Persons5 _* c, Q+ E; K- ^
55. Social boycott G. K6 i" _ [% L, M' \
56. Selective social boycott0 Q& k6 y; L' `& B( Y5 q
57. Lysistratic nonaction& ~& F8 s! M9 M- P" N* X
58. Excommunication
6 t+ t. D1 N D G 59. Interdict7 c! W6 ^8 ^' t0 V4 R4 b
% O1 A0 W5 F) B+ a) ONoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 ~( K1 Y" L. N- X/ d 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 r$ i- v0 b. Z. y4 r0 s 61. Boycott of social affairs/ f: \& O$ w6 B$ f
62. Student strike
8 A3 v0 V0 q3 a3 R$ r 63. Social disobedience+ p/ X# k1 L' a) z, q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) u7 h1 `1 h" D8 u0 u
0 [1 `( ], O) U5 z# MWithdrawal from the Social System
( G: q3 J8 `8 a4 A0 u% L 65. Stay-at-home0 ?4 {2 g" x; E) u
66. Total personal noncooperation+ L2 k5 X& e" ]+ A$ h' P& r* E
67. “Flight” of workers
( j3 `( e+ V# M1 i$ f 68. Sanctuary
( E5 Z: R- H2 E2 \; o% B, V& x$ d' x 69. Collective disappearance
- A& L0 z9 e7 U5 z' x 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): a. D8 i5 U* j. B; B5 S. K+ B
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5 d) j u; p; L2 L2 y1 R4 B$ W
0 d; N. u2 k. RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS* I: t8 U* ~8 ?6 N
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* y5 f w+ `2 o! m; K9 q- x' xActions by Consumers
0 a5 U9 g) {7 s' M1 w9 A( ^- K 71. Consumers’ boycott
7 Z* d/ {( i# U1 ~: G5 A 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 J) ?3 l! o6 K* W) c- R
73. Policy of austerity8 l D8 @$ V+ D' T2 _4 ^: |. b+ [
74. Rent withholding
( |7 ]& ~. @; c% G 75. Refusal to rent
) [8 H& ~2 a# k+ u6 D2 _ 76. National consumers’ boycott; J( f/ K+ c4 V: l
77. International consumers’ boycott
2 J; }& Z' W+ C3 W" }
- Z# P6 p$ \7 Q+ x* BAction by Workers and Producers
: \ w1 P) d, g. l7 P5 J, _ 78. Workmen’s boycott7 p7 F0 d1 r" }0 N
79. Producers’ boycott; _5 R6 I! X0 Q# Q! l
8 l8 C. @" ^$ z
Action by Middlemen
! @( b& O) x! j. E2 ] O8 j, G1 X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
R# m8 [! e1 \# _% [/ w( } 81. Traders’ boycott
! a h: y& W! {, H 82. Refusal to let or sell property P9 C$ K( S& S
83. Lockout* K/ F$ N+ r& A2 s8 _; j0 X, Q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance: C1 w a; F$ [/ l( {* v- E
85. Merchants’ “general strike”* t0 g j( ^5 z
# B, u& ~& O' q9 P- m7 l$ OAction by Holders of Financial Resources- x9 f1 ^2 D0 |! ?# i. h5 p5 \
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. w0 z% u0 Z/ E7 J( V" h
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 V+ [0 m' M& \ x
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* S& F% Q0 i% B1 D1 W 89. Severance of funds and credit* B. ~! b5 `" j E0 O. H" v
90. Revenue refusal
$ s2 f) \8 E7 h4 Y 91. Refusal of a government’s money
! w; @- H: S4 x N
0 r, R7 F( S+ A6 h7 V0 jAction by Governments" ^1 ?, l2 l0 y. J1 S7 z
92. Domestic embargo
3 H6 n+ v$ l8 p 93. Blacklisting of traders
1 D2 W) b _1 x* S) g- g% n& J 94. International sellers’ embargo" o9 F: h* T: }1 |6 V6 f
95. International buyers’ embargo
- t; r6 i% y v* x 96. International trade embargo* h B Y" H. O) x5 k: Y" Y
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( g# C8 V6 J G R+ KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 c8 f* |4 h+ R' b
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3 C# Z8 E2 q6 c/ i5 D: ]Symbolic Strikes
, V" y# F# r2 i# g 97. Protest strike
9 u' Y ]9 A6 T( @: h 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 K4 n T) A' x P8 X- ?
- r D+ v) B" C. m) k3 Y8 pAgricultural Strikes
$ y" p$ Q" s0 ^' F* T 99. Peasant strike
2 q( }0 q2 w. U9 b M a! d 100. Farm Workers’ strike3 z, V1 Y& l/ |# }) Q2 b9 P
5 F" l1 C) b2 u$ B5 sStrikes by Special Groups" w8 _& V4 f2 h7 ?- E- ?
101. Refusal of impressed labor
% ?; T1 o' t( A 102. Prisoners’ strike
6 |! R! o7 R/ z 103. Craft strike3 m! F+ p) T& W
104. Professional strike
2 b. M; s' ?$ F& C; ]/ H4 a" e% y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ o# J9 Q- j8 l( E" d3 X( y5 C/ m
105. Establishment strike; G. j/ b, ^& O6 n4 z1 E: I% n
106. Industry strike
+ I) j$ s [" _% j- E$ y: l; e 107. Sympathetic strike
6 M/ z6 \7 Z! ^) N$ y+ M$ o6 _+ H) G# [
Restricted Strikes- `& R. i3 z% |( }& w% m$ {
108. Detailed strike8 V/ t* Y* x! J
109. Bumper strike
8 r7 g4 G0 b- X3 p7 x# J6 ? 110. Slowdown strike6 O6 j' M5 W/ M- F U
111. Working-to-rule strike% |! X+ J# _& _5 d/ d: ^2 I$ a {9 P
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 M+ j/ Y8 Z2 K& X( W8 n
113. Strike by resignation5 ^; e& G1 W/ i7 }0 ^
114. Limited strike
8 K* f9 d8 R' u) n+ o" }) T; c3 H) q 115. Selective strike* l& v. ?$ r# W1 P9 a
0 [) V% A- \$ PMulti-Industry Strikes
* _& q2 E% @1 M. p/ i. a6 h' i- ]# U/ z/ f' Y! l ^5 L
116. Generalized strike9 U! U9 C7 K% d; A) ~
; s7 U, x V8 w Q7 a8 X: L 117. General strike
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5 ^) L* R9 q O5 M% a5 xCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures- f7 h9 _* O. G* ]) k4 T
( _; g- x4 d1 e 118. Hartal/ h! V! W% c1 V$ `. @; H( m
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119. Economic shutdown
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! E0 u5 R* I1 y" Z3 FTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, t0 e3 V1 V; l. ?% M2 {2 k
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9 ]: H `; p: G0 r) ORejection of Authority% X! f4 ?# T% z- s: i
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 {4 o6 A$ y/ M0 Q. i 121. Refusal of public support
# o" F6 L4 w5 t# u+ u3 R 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
}# C7 E, W. k4 P: H
2 g5 V4 ?# Z" b+ n; Z" ?0 VCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 {7 e1 F. K7 ]: C) P0 g8 F
123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 b, Y# g6 I) F
124. Boycott of elections
4 v: c( A( D5 W$ |' p: `9 u 125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ E/ e, y! e8 i" v) m0 P
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# Q& }) V6 Z( h/ c* t, _ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 n0 |! e: [& i1 e, [ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; J$ E9 Z' g! m1 l' p( i' i 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 A% I# p% J- K. }1 E 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# K0 e I. J( z$ n 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials! u0 J+ B, J9 |8 g
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% P# u2 K. z) y+ y. d* T) G8 q$ {: ]
# Y% R9 G- r% M4 \Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 Q$ A6 r g6 L! X
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ P$ y# C$ W7 ^- V* R) }
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- Q" b7 x% i _! G# K* S7 e 135. Popular nonobedience
* {5 O$ R' C5 t0 l 136. Disguised disobedience
0 ]& x5 m& D# u! M+ C 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ q! x9 G9 w9 o3 J 138. Sitdown4 i: g" h0 j# Y( O/ l
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ C% T! ~9 ?, `; [4 q# T4 E
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 X& q" B: t$ s9 a# u j
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws J' ~8 @; |& x* I3 F
V# d r; s" o6 H0 ^
Action by Government Personnel
! q5 D) }* D$ Z! ]! v5 U& b7 j. g 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% ~; U2 Q, x' G3 z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information/ Q# x, O4 D r. J: M
144. Stalling and obstruction g4 e$ U1 Q/ P
145. General administrative noncooperation
4 m5 Y% d! O; _+ y1 Y! ~$ R$ g+ C- V7 w: u+ Y$ u8 v
146. Judicial noncooperation3 b' x* y8 |9 S6 ~
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; L1 p7 ]# d" I, ?' U ? 148. Mutiny! I9 \+ N3 a; g/ M
Domestic Governmental Action2 @: N2 N# T& f. i# q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
* i9 r2 |/ j. U. s: Q' c 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
b- U1 u0 E- z2 P9 W J1 Z- E/ W- K) ^3 r- }% u0 \3 N+ Q
International Governmental Action
4 z4 I+ F- P5 F' p: G 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 V5 i: T* w8 J
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
x i- z$ ?# Y. e! R7 T 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 u, C: a+ W. J& ]" O 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' u2 i) v* \! K5 h# b8 m. ^$ k+ F 155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 ^; D2 @5 @& W8 F6 j7 \
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 e: L- ~9 s9 M' C7 D& A( {
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 @) f% |" A3 `8 C6 F7 y+ e
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/ T5 ?0 i. |# y0 e5 g8 E4 Q
Psychological Intervention1 q( K( F! }- z& l, u% U
158. Self-exposure to the elements+ b Y T. @- p* _! G3 @ k
159. The fast! j6 o4 ^; E E k; a7 e4 `9 }
a) Fast of moral pressure
' K& l/ c- i. u: N' o3 X b) Hunger strike
! B; X5 n/ B+ {/ P c) Satyagrahic fast
- M% ^8 ]1 D2 l* V9 Z 160. Reverse trial, P- }2 a. |. K2 H: z: F
161. Nonviolent harassment
: c, J2 Z& }) ]/ v0 J/ H% X" p% k$ L9 x( e3 n% Z, @4 S& N
Physical Intervention2 K8 A3 I& ?) ~; z
162. Sit-in
" v* x" c1 Q* M" X 163. Stand-in/ i9 \; h% j0 G8 x/ n
164. Ride-in
9 ]$ N+ Y; z( `2 y. P, X 165. Wade-in
' Q$ ~ [( Q$ J2 n4 Y- y 166. Mill-in
$ R9 N, T2 m( G" J 167. Pray-in
# A2 W) ] z# l) P 168. Nonviolent raids5 x1 k' M7 ~8 |- V0 n4 t1 W
169. Nonviolent air raids+ ?0 g/ v" h9 k: m
170. Nonviolent invasion& v$ j0 R/ S }3 v0 S
171. Nonviolent interjection
! Z/ q3 Z5 P2 e& _ 172. Nonviolent obstruction: ?* ~. T: C0 ~9 W" P& y* F
173. Nonviolent occupation3 I Q/ ?+ Q* X; q" i- l+ }; H) R
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Social Intervention
8 w/ j, z W( N- E3 l! J8 Q9 j3 K* E 174. Establishing new social patterns9 Q# Z+ T, C: B V' n% K( Z
175. Overloading of facilities
3 v2 _ G* o: T3 E# W 176. Stall-in
; _9 {) |9 |% y4 V6 v. g* u 177. Speak-in
% K( s! {6 M) E( G5 H* K 178. Guerrilla theater5 }! ~" X" S0 N; y# }. T3 }8 h
179. Alternative social institutions6 K6 k! ~9 s- C8 j8 S: c+ ~8 x
180. Alternative communication system
{: h' {3 Q! r4 [' `
4 f8 t( V5 f8 P- p2 x& NEconomic Intervention
6 |. c; U- U; p% `- L9 } 181. Reverse strike+ f/ w, [8 I4 V' a# R3 q+ w. r
182. Stay-in strike
, N7 s! I) e1 R5 {) [' j 183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 {" }/ m+ `$ A% E2 d0 C 184. Defiance of blockades
; ?! F8 z" v' j/ P7 @& H3 f9 U 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- Q& v7 Q Q% z5 l- |, p* o
186. Preclusive purchasing# m! W' L0 D1 ]( Y. F- `
187. Seizure of assets7 m8 w. p1 s7 n: Z
188. Dumping/ g7 ~- T: b4 F ?& d
189. Selective patronage
! V9 h" D+ C) [5 V; t 190. Alternative markets
2 M/ E" I' a. B 191. Alternative transportation systems* H3 `; g1 B8 R& E$ B
192. Alternative economic institutions
: }4 j% _5 f" m4 i) w* ?) A% M `
! \2 F8 E+ e4 D: kPolitical Intervention
' p- e5 q/ m: v! D- L 193. Overloading of administrative systems
E5 o2 y; D; S 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents. j. B# M# \/ a5 v8 _! ], _
195. Seeking imprisonment
% @# z4 \( k3 ^2 c: P V 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 G4 V5 g; J" r9 w
197. Work-on without collaboration' U% [! m& d7 ~$ s
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
9 P+ }7 P1 N, n% n6 x7 E
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
