 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
2 h* y. ]. |+ ?+ x: mFormal Statements
; X ?: v4 N$ ^( Y d 1. Public Speeches" j3 [( m4 P/ I$ W& s. P! p0 o7 o
2. Letters of opposition or support2 N8 G+ V' v% L4 B9 _
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, m$ | v/ J8 [* e% o 4. Signed public statements& ]. M* U& A1 W) Q9 d( V
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, c" K9 S7 ?& @5 d& N 6. Group or mass petitions7 |; S$ B6 D1 g) G1 h
9 ]8 }( D6 M& e; b+ g3 GCommunications with a Wider Audience+ W- S: Y- A5 ~9 M
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: c. b+ H$ H, c- N( P5 o! L6 v 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications8 W4 W w0 h- \+ k; z% ^. x
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: g2 B. e* O; R% ? 10. Newspapers and journals
' [' e: x8 y; w 11. Records, radio, and television; F* L* F( R& N9 K4 L6 d! j
12. Skywriting and earthwriting* T+ {- A$ |$ t
( w" N) F% c* Z% oGroup Representations( j6 L* [1 k: `5 h- U
13. Deputations$ r( ^5 I' V, u1 G j0 L3 i
14. Mock awards# U" A. H6 B9 t
15. Group lobbying3 u0 A; ^- w8 W, L
16. Picketing
" l( O1 C! B$ |8 w% ^ 17. Mock elections: l0 E& [, r3 |( B
' g. m' N( W) p
Symbolic Public Acts
- E" }( R+ ^5 B3 Q; u+ p 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& ]2 j6 _4 w( S; Y; |
19. Wearing of symbols
. v3 d- ^6 t) H8 X0 [4 J5 Z! _ 20. Prayer and worship/ h) h- Q7 f/ e& U3 ]# u
21. Delivering symbolic objects
% I9 D; s( c3 j7 _ 22. Protest disrobings
7 d; j# X! R* m- K 23. Destruction of own property
2 L3 U# ?/ p5 G2 i& q+ d 24. Symbolic lights3 \4 p8 W: c. x, `/ C& e
25. Displays of portraits! z6 g% C) c$ b/ O7 o
26. Paint as protest3 T. [- x0 i; c' y1 _
27. New signs and names; t: ^" ^0 X, N
28. Symbolic sounds
% W" H/ i9 T7 Q9 i: \ 29. Symbolic reclamations
9 i" |+ x" t% C/ u* A 30. Rude gestures' G$ T( e" A- P% y& I! o
, }; W2 z; J+ }9 a, G2 k
Pressures on Individuals
" I; d9 y- B" N8 w; s+ b- w 31. “Haunting” officials
$ A2 J6 I) j6 g- w 32. Taunting officials
8 ]# x- {7 d }# X: P% z* R 33. Fraternization7 U0 z9 S4 j* c7 ?. L
34. Vigils
% Y: `- s( q. H- j) s5 c& |1 X& c0 o& Q1 X7 r+ T5 d* ]
Drama and Music0 m, F$ e; J0 H: E
35. Humorous skits and pranks5 ~. z6 Y" e/ ^! @' l' e
36. Performances of plays and music2 x' t$ {! i0 c5 A; O
37. Singing
9 Q! S% }! B1 L0 l* I" p4 ?6 G. i3 ?
Processions' r* E' U7 _2 z% K
38. Marches
$ A1 U( I7 R. X" ?" ^2 N 39. Parades
" e3 d7 o% `% H) u% E' m 40. Religious processions: [. E6 C0 m* J l7 X
41. Pilgrimages
, y. T7 `( b( w5 e, |& H7 R 42. Motorcades: {1 Y2 ?) ~+ I. D
8 Q1 L" R9 h& K7 R. J+ JHonoring the Dead
/ F' M0 d# {0 J- b 43. Political mourning* \& ]( O) a! t8 e0 J# T
44. Mock funerals
2 K, b8 H4 k8 f( F( D 45. Demonstrative funerals
3 k. l, w4 h3 G* U2 H/ e6 c0 q 46. Homage at burial places
" A2 Z& F8 A+ O0 J* @" E: P/ k: h) P5 N; P+ z$ {9 c
Public Assemblies0 d0 `' @, c5 x7 k2 J
47. Assemblies of protest or support. U" m2 t2 @. S: s
48. Protest meetings# u+ O8 H9 B; x2 m5 A$ @ C8 r
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
$ @ ]9 {, X0 g* ~ 50. Teach-ins
1 N4 x1 T3 O l% M% D: }. _
9 j! W' [( O8 S: n3 tWithdrawal and Renunciation
6 r" w& {3 R) _" o1 H# e9 S 51. Walk-outs$ a% }0 T6 t% a& z0 L) d
52. Silence7 {! k/ {# v, p& H
53. Renouncing honors0 d% U! e1 p& D: V4 [2 {. P5 u
54. Turning one’s back
% f [1 L9 c- |4 {
% e" \! E7 x6 L( |; Y) J6 X
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$ I5 E+ j# N( c k% ~% Z( u8 qTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. C% l2 i# z8 l5 O0 A# f) @4 ?
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6 B4 k/ h3 g7 j9 @1 \3 ~% Q8 x. h& n1 c6 k% w
Ostracism of Persons+ \9 A* W8 H4 v9 o$ S) @
55. Social boycott
, Y: ?. e) X: ?; }: y3 S# T4 G m 56. Selective social boycott( L6 L/ V2 O' ?, o( @
57. Lysistratic nonaction1 C5 \ g7 c' u
58. Excommunication
# c; C) a/ `+ v' E 59. Interdict7 b6 \9 |; G" m9 B0 e
; p% |+ o) \. P2 ?2 GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 f$ C. [ X) B/ t 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 U* F1 M5 H/ ?. | 61. Boycott of social affairs
, t/ \; @: P* ? 62. Student strike
' K* g! h5 C/ l% V8 W1 p' D 63. Social disobedience
4 w: m$ B* x5 l3 s6 v5 F6 ^; e* T% k& f 64. Withdrawal from social institutions; D& z U% c/ E1 c$ s* g* c
0 ^0 [1 y% i; m# O5 j0 p/ D
Withdrawal from the Social System
* z5 B: E A% o+ L7 Y 65. Stay-at-home4 O3 D/ J% _5 R
66. Total personal noncooperation
4 j z( @, ^9 q9 a+ l: q& e* k" \ 67. “Flight” of workers- `9 C1 X' G: E |$ J
68. Sanctuary
# Y: j$ m" Y* ? 69. Collective disappearance a% L; O% `5 W) Y
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
: ^( V C" q. n# Y' M( `6 q" O- R4 K5 a' u7 o' c& R8 p; Q9 H
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N: S# r0 K7 F h" o: }7 U4 z2 cTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; O6 P5 E6 ^8 O2 Z, e! ^7 y/ c" I
" o% U' _& i; J$ u) F2 E% {
- w/ k6 _9 V5 ^: ^. ?Actions by Consumers
* l8 {9 p& ?8 B- u 71. Consumers’ boycott
% j* r9 ^$ ~1 r# K# o 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods% ~+ |) d+ b+ C$ E& O
73. Policy of austerity, I Y$ j7 I* H# [: |
74. Rent withholding2 y/ W6 |" s+ A8 K/ S7 Y1 q
75. Refusal to rent
! { ], [( e; `/ b8 x 76. National consumers’ boycott2 p+ @* g: P0 _. x1 d
77. International consumers’ boycott
, q5 d: `; F! J. r7 T8 }2 q. U c
3 x8 Y5 @0 f+ C" E5 m2 mAction by Workers and Producers( c& J+ y+ D5 `1 y
78. Workmen’s boycott/ a6 l4 v4 o- z& G h
79. Producers’ boycott
w2 `% T& U5 C+ [6 h* w& @
: q6 C) T0 {. \9 P) TAction by Middlemen- S8 x, {% Y: O, H
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
) ^. p( E) @( s6 _% o( e- H+ `- K8 P/ g. b( C
Action by Owners and Management
1 n: ?3 `; E" P- c) U* R* D3 F* a9 T 81. Traders’ boycott
, `, V2 s7 h( U 82. Refusal to let or sell property7 m7 g; N- p! ]/ {
83. Lockout3 V* S3 F4 ]2 I5 P; ^
84. Refusal of industrial assistance: f6 F4 Z& m4 B) V$ u9 D
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
% w% i/ h! N6 X! X3 y1 b, _3 _% `% K
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
% F/ J& O8 Q6 @% t4 P5 E! A! z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
5 b, Q7 f& P; \ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" i- P6 s+ Z F0 N% d. }. j/ K
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; b$ ?9 n9 F! I2 l( Q- f) J 89. Severance of funds and credit
: o& a4 a# G( p# s5 j; Q2 U 90. Revenue refusal
4 a7 f* X7 n) u& k 91. Refusal of a government’s money; A* r& ]; }9 C! Z
% B9 ~' }7 o" ~/ `7 U9 dAction by Governments
6 q' h* n) Y& h 92. Domestic embargo- ^# O% q: a( n# w; A* z2 o
93. Blacklisting of traders
& s" j, y. r( w3 h8 ^9 G" W2 y6 P 94. International sellers’ embargo* R+ C9 K. }; r! _" N
95. International buyers’ embargo
3 ~) F; M8 ]2 q' E& ? 96. International trade embargo2 ~' p4 S. @7 n
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# \) H; T+ B( J$ |
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! F3 |, m# Z8 g" rSymbolic Strikes' M0 p8 u, v4 b2 d) P0 t
97. Protest strike$ T5 X5 l- _4 ~; N* b& r" q" w f8 q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* U2 c1 n# }, N3 c( S# w
4 c# C! }7 K; S; _( T9 P, N
Agricultural Strikes
, |- c) U3 A" N3 H/ _" d( T 99. Peasant strike8 C+ c# w2 ^' o) T
100. Farm Workers’ strike3 ~( o& H" R) d( x7 u
( a, d. {7 J' E. Y" t1 n& M1 o
Strikes by Special Groups
( O$ M$ T7 o, C; G7 H) i 101. Refusal of impressed labor8 j9 Y4 U/ Z2 \2 _9 D# F0 D% J
102. Prisoners’ strike' w8 T$ L4 w/ d( x* L+ F S
103. Craft strike
/ `8 c/ {# B% i3 U: s% S 104. Professional strike+ X% k8 P7 o3 x: Z& _
! T8 `2 B! P. J, D$ E X; cOrdinary Industrial Strikes9 `% T) R4 l. W% u' f- i) h
105. Establishment strike
& x: X. C1 [9 t- Y7 N. u 106. Industry strike
" y# z4 z3 U6 `0 }4 h" o 107. Sympathetic strike( Y2 Z6 w3 Y# i v' ]
% {6 [/ \1 R$ N6 I, q3 N7 U
Restricted Strikes! p( |, A2 @( J% C9 N
108. Detailed strike* z/ n2 ~8 w6 u( O) x, s6 V' p
109. Bumper strike: y4 {1 O7 |0 s& g/ }- U. N
110. Slowdown strike; P* \( U d8 S g
111. Working-to-rule strike
. ]/ P5 i7 ]5 Z" w* @ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)* y& M1 }, @& g7 x( C
113. Strike by resignation" a; l/ n3 D, A# }4 R& E( ?2 O$ O" R
114. Limited strike, i* Y$ v* V3 g
115. Selective strike, ~- D, K* j' R. C9 l) x4 B$ B9 {
% K; W1 z' _1 d6 KMulti-Industry Strikes
6 ^& e* I5 X/ l
* Q% y8 K# }; r# w" v 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike8 M( X' U4 @* f* b( g! m* L
9 I- I( F; @+ g: u) h; ~, x6 p
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures* Z7 R% {! G. w* m7 ]
# |. S- y: Y& C7 n 118. Hartal
# j! `9 w" G& Z8 O7 U
/ x5 p# ]5 S4 D. G a! ~ 119. Economic shutdown
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! ]' x+ d. I( V+ ~. g% N" K& a5 YTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
' X5 K2 e! z+ ~# x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- h1 u& f- e9 u# m
121. Refusal of public support
/ P8 ~# H. u3 l( W' C5 t 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
, [3 S) ]/ R0 @/ b; L9 S
1 ?+ T( V$ @0 j, q" t! I: |& nCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 e8 _4 R" F" Z/ d
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 ?2 C, W7 `6 P 124. Boycott of elections
2 Q' K! U4 a% ~+ {5 {! G7 w- ^ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 n3 I. X: e! K# Q4 Y7 s, V3 A
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
2 o( t' i8 `8 W2 q6 W 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) y# \' T0 P% l6 |, @9 } 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: K4 |7 u( C- I( T9 f
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* I2 Y- b% K1 a8 M7 T
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ ~: A- p% t' e5 f0 e/ F g 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 a) X+ @1 I) p7 t2 w1 ]# x
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
( U5 N; Y$ M' G1 k; e+ R% P$ e. D1 a8 S5 o; K
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ D# c7 Q- J3 W+ X 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- d0 h5 ~' U e- `+ U- S6 y 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' @8 y2 H+ N" X* i9 a4 s3 ?2 _
135. Popular nonobedience7 X$ i' y4 } m3 l8 \
136. Disguised disobedience" C6 t; E, @! w+ L! z$ a
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 T s$ D0 V2 U, T* ?
138. Sitdown
6 ?3 l9 h4 ^2 A$ M/ q- A 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ L3 V" M0 T0 K& f 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 I( ?+ ?0 _' D" o1 Z+ |, H
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( C/ F2 I3 |, S$ N
& r; S' h# v+ mAction by Government Personnel y: F8 \+ b: J: L! L! ]" g/ _. d0 }( U
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 s) R4 r+ G) K7 k
143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ u3 g4 M. f% h+ c4 T" K
144. Stalling and obstruction
2 [) i& v' s; [4 }. L 145. General administrative noncooperation. V2 q4 @# H5 |: _4 U0 k4 H
* P" z4 v9 [! P& l8 G 146. Judicial noncooperation
& l3 U* C3 V( ^+ X( ~ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 z( q) Y7 z% X/ I 148. Mutiny/ n6 U2 p$ H# w' X1 y* `
Domestic Governmental Action9 V( m& o& U3 \& H6 {
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- q4 F9 i D2 }1 M" {2 m 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 f( X+ M0 N, d+ h
9 T# C: f) I" W) _" ~0 a G' X! IInternational Governmental Action' H0 e P$ a3 H! \9 m, T N5 m
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# o- F! b0 Q: N( ~ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: L1 b& E3 P, L4 D* {" W
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 c% [- d. F6 q* S
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 m6 a' d4 S6 k$ ?6 r1 z5 v 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
q" d5 @' Q- T7 ` 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% a4 `) a% O' N
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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0 H( E+ |1 E/ |0 O( Q4 gTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
* v5 i) n% n+ ]3 {9 Y; A5 b9 z
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$ X Z' K9 ?( D8 t) ^$ Y+ m* K" B5 \+ KPsychological Intervention
. | w! n- c, r- A# T7 g 158. Self-exposure to the elements
! C! S. r" _4 K: c 159. The fast) c. ^) t! ?8 E B' r6 u. E% s
a) Fast of moral pressure1 W8 M2 x s, W( J4 L/ ~( ?
b) Hunger strike* M' s7 P+ O i g: F6 G5 P
c) Satyagrahic fast o0 [5 Z' V4 {4 n
160. Reverse trial1 K. N! [* s3 P6 Z1 q$ E
161. Nonviolent harassment
% \7 i* Z( z" ?4 f' c
0 J3 Q, D1 l- W; B0 mPhysical Intervention
9 E$ {$ w" n& Y* L+ ~" e; b1 R 162. Sit-in
, d f' u* n: F* x0 E% G 163. Stand-in' O& @* S2 Y; D) z- _
164. Ride-in6 p' ]' ?1 ]$ H/ p$ I
165. Wade-in* P0 Z1 x3 K! i3 p5 ?2 {
166. Mill-in
, h/ r/ d: O! F# | {4 ^ 167. Pray-in! p t- E [ N& L3 j
168. Nonviolent raids1 r; i+ k/ c2 O0 d8 F+ W
169. Nonviolent air raids E' {: T2 r$ F
170. Nonviolent invasion% K6 P* a% q, b" n; G8 {! A
171. Nonviolent interjection
- R5 Z( j7 }0 _. P) K 172. Nonviolent obstruction- R0 t$ x! |- x
173. Nonviolent occupation
; k. _+ ]& s3 W d$ v. @( R8 e, i& ]- i, E7 V" ?! A: z) R1 m8 _
Social Intervention
+ d3 ` ~3 H* `, s7 J! M: F4 i$ g) W 174. Establishing new social patterns* S2 K1 m7 ]/ K# Z( w0 n
175. Overloading of facilities
+ f5 J" h* K0 O# B9 A 176. Stall-in
& d, T% m4 E( r& H 177. Speak-in
7 w& k1 [ `" H* W& t* { 178. Guerrilla theater
2 T; b0 ]7 v) A5 c, R9 m8 I; a 179. Alternative social institutions
, y6 ]( A8 b6 q4 x/ `( R 180. Alternative communication system% Z: Q2 \# q3 q0 C& \7 a
4 s* q% y& Y- EEconomic Intervention
' b" u& i( k1 }( M2 D4 C* e 181. Reverse strike4 ?9 ]" B: B) @3 h
182. Stay-in strike
# D1 c* l b' U5 ^ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
- u }4 I# V1 M% m" N 184. Defiance of blockades
: }% a2 a! ^) I( p 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting! l# ~ T& C. | N o- `5 S/ S: Y) V
186. Preclusive purchasing0 I- C: m! f% C
187. Seizure of assets" j# p* r+ \! b+ b* F+ b
188. Dumping# O* S: a c! G$ o
189. Selective patronage
- m0 E# Q; ?5 H2 k& J2 R/ j. b2 M 190. Alternative markets7 H2 G8 V' ]$ g/ R& S; f8 u
191. Alternative transportation systems
5 q; K- ^; A; P1 } 192. Alternative economic institutions S" H- o% Y) A. q/ w
" A6 }& t! P$ P& G1 ]9 V4 W
Political Intervention
2 I7 W+ h) U( a" g 193. Overloading of administrative systems0 h" o, @6 g: o$ r! O# o1 j) G+ W
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! {3 _5 } b& T5 r' M
195. Seeking imprisonment5 n6 b; R; R* q; q3 f' \
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# _% ]1 ?/ u/ S3 S# @ 197. Work-on without collaboration
. J6 v+ C% Z. s G9 A8 x 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government d+ d% }' C! i
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
