 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 u* F1 H' n- I2 pFormal Statements" B( a w$ H+ I# k2 W
1. Public Speeches1 a) T& o8 }6 b8 T# V4 Y+ A- T
2. Letters of opposition or support
x$ V1 y9 l5 t! N9 K$ e 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 X# s3 n. _" e0 j W 4. Signed public statements% o5 h& b' D" w( c
5. Declarations of indictment and intention4 ?7 t) q$ q k0 [( I/ _3 ?
6. Group or mass petitions5 j0 L7 ] G( u, |8 x% A# {8 k7 F! x
; b1 F0 Z0 ?4 G, r; K" D% m0 V* r/ Y
Communications with a Wider Audience
2 p( x, W1 A H/ U0 b5 E7 ? 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 R" _- d N$ h$ I
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# z% P1 N: v# t9 k6 g 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ q: D# T/ I( v- h
10. Newspapers and journals
% x0 A" ?: P& h* V 11. Records, radio, and television
/ J) a9 R. z9 Y6 N' p; C- m 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" J) C" a7 J& K/ e5 q/ A/ h" l1 o* G: I- n' x8 u! x
Group Representations
1 J: e! i0 ^" p* U 13. Deputations
9 w4 h4 @' K. C0 N8 `+ P( @5 J 14. Mock awards. W: o5 U+ v3 K6 K: K' _: @
15. Group lobbying( Q/ q: {7 q! w9 {. b- \
16. Picketing
- @6 A' b. g6 F. |1 ^8 ^- [ 17. Mock elections/ q# X& {/ M8 X
( K2 s G7 b' y z, U) R( p; A
Symbolic Public Acts
" e6 O! e- s3 J a' ^ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 z! y4 x( a0 a' W 19. Wearing of symbols
. Q/ j4 B# j" p% b: `7 O 20. Prayer and worship N5 Q# [( u2 I; \
21. Delivering symbolic objects& l0 @9 G9 `+ y( k6 ~- j: m) {" T
22. Protest disrobings
8 {+ y& t/ j5 ]' A0 r- T 23. Destruction of own property
7 P! J+ Y$ n9 K- K! m& p4 O+ n 24. Symbolic lights
d$ m1 I! X* I7 w, e$ c& ` 25. Displays of portraits
1 m8 Y0 f0 _/ `+ t+ d5 g 26. Paint as protest( h) J% z% }' g. o7 Z
27. New signs and names
* N9 Y) r1 x; e, d8 T 28. Symbolic sounds$ P" n7 e) h: H! ]/ b( A+ n
29. Symbolic reclamations
! X0 L8 }7 U3 |7 y 30. Rude gestures' W; Q7 B: P' w; p
' z- R5 h/ |$ x2 _/ N; {5 t
Pressures on Individuals
8 b1 v! T; m" J& j$ S% F 31. “Haunting” officials
! ~/ c1 m& L# _* A0 G$ A 32. Taunting officials! U9 q1 g( @. Q# ?
33. Fraternization
0 i' f. u6 s8 Y% ?% D' v 34. Vigils
) M% f- K# O9 |3 N
+ O0 |9 E6 ]. O. i6 ]Drama and Music' b$ p; w+ v1 H* [# ^
35. Humorous skits and pranks
( g5 U' n( i+ ~5 p" V3 m 36. Performances of plays and music0 P }5 t4 r j: T& B3 X
37. Singing
3 P7 p& m" B5 A# d% \/ G7 R
/ p0 [1 p0 q* c' y& O5 z% XProcessions
% T- J! {2 E8 Z: a2 J 38. Marches1 h+ h' I9 V% C% Z5 m0 T0 r
39. Parades
# h/ @3 h6 C% E* I1 r, o 40. Religious processions
8 G3 S+ i8 k2 {0 ^8 q: w 41. Pilgrimages
1 V7 C; W# ?8 @# k& b 42. Motorcades p8 f; `' D0 Z& J# v. ^) v
: K7 R6 j1 [4 s9 @* V/ ]
Honoring the Dead! O) J7 U' U m! Q
43. Political mourning
9 N' V+ X# Q5 V$ `. ~+ R, @ 44. Mock funerals! g1 Z, {1 z, i
45. Demonstrative funerals
8 o# P% ^7 W) Y# P1 c/ b 46. Homage at burial places( l8 J9 ?1 c$ ?. D
c, \6 `: a9 d: ~ t
Public Assemblies
% l ]# E4 S4 Z1 }$ W& m 47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ ^# c. Q) k$ K" I, |7 }7 M% t 48. Protest meetings
( B/ @" o" s, j( |9 ^8 O$ ?, b S 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! H% Q: x8 q/ m* e7 ? ~9 R/ d
50. Teach-ins7 h5 G/ T# O2 F% w# y$ `& y# P
! I4 @5 F* X2 a9 G4 j. y7 B
Withdrawal and Renunciation
! W5 u9 m9 B$ O( Q* q' } 51. Walk-outs7 i) C- G, s$ @3 g
52. Silence( M1 a9 t/ g+ S: k$ k7 v$ J
53. Renouncing honors) a" _$ i: b6 s5 l+ h6 k
54. Turning one’s back. K; B, r6 d9 i6 C" t% z
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+ h c, u. E, l/ u+ G3 |. p! K! \. Y! J, W) S: R+ a' E/ P% a
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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' d2 P. j1 p' \" j" ~ 7 R3 ?( G3 O& f9 F( R/ v% W
: K1 D% Q9 U' O3 H4 oOstracism of Persons3 v0 s+ b2 J( F) D- r& c5 w
55. Social boycott
+ e( \- k6 w# e% a! o' s 56. Selective social boycott1 t; w) x2 _$ }/ N/ j
57. Lysistratic nonaction
( v8 L$ T7 W" I9 R. i! C; a# u 58. Excommunication0 l2 W6 P0 L# e0 S" v O
59. Interdict4 e" m: P `5 n2 U6 P0 V% j" O* W
6 ^' k9 m' J) {, U' t8 h7 H! _Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 L- a7 [/ o3 T1 G1 l0 k 60. Suspension of social and sports activities* Q% K' G" Q; P
61. Boycott of social affairs4 G& W5 C- [9 r3 L1 o/ u5 F4 |
62. Student strike% n- p( T# i' W' r9 y4 M- k9 j4 e
63. Social disobedience
# J: F! I: g2 q1 Q% S) ? 64. Withdrawal from social institutions% D1 Z, U- u! B% J+ J. @
' \3 N9 w4 K5 i8 ~* IWithdrawal from the Social System
0 o: M4 V: m: P* G, r- {: Q- M 65. Stay-at-home/ A8 J; e( t( F# q
66. Total personal noncooperation5 x# c5 k& M+ b& s9 M
67. “Flight” of workers
$ V" Z; s% x; d3 M; T- J* i 68. Sanctuary
( T# o; {3 H' Y" o) N. J5 M4 w* A 69. Collective disappearance9 F) ^# s, ?' V# a1 v
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 z. W: n1 I; B4 Q. H
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$ @% y- X- `8 s/ q; P1 ?9 L: S
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
2 z: |; g. C+ m- ]8 F% O) |8 n* z( y# k% i6 F
6 R# d& _6 }0 U5 ]9 B, y( eActions by Consumers0 k& y0 u2 f1 `8 w+ d/ a o
71. Consumers’ boycott& `. ^! b* G' ~. L
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' a- E( Y, @" y
73. Policy of austerity
+ R# Q9 t1 F. y/ G5 ? 74. Rent withholding
* z L' A* T2 D1 H0 l* U0 g$ Y 75. Refusal to rent
. ^ _ M) j6 |& J1 A 76. National consumers’ boycott
6 Q M6 O- u. A4 [* Z 77. International consumers’ boycott
d. H: X: X, R/ ^& W' T- f6 \ w0 i
Action by Workers and Producers \# C: y' `2 @ t" A1 j
78. Workmen’s boycott
' \* ?' f2 {4 ~7 i A 79. Producers’ boycott4 D& |' U! C2 p; v2 ^
& z( ]; N7 N% _Action by Middlemen
0 y# h5 O1 m3 g* S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% Y3 F# I5 a" X3 t' F" g$ O* a. k3 \! Z- q# P6 U6 j
Action by Owners and Management
: o- u3 `6 T; E% f6 R; h8 V! e 81. Traders’ boycott3 {) g! n: q' z0 B
82. Refusal to let or sell property/ H: ~# \ h+ b7 B4 M8 I
83. Lockout
4 C+ R9 D& S [8 |8 Q4 j) U& C" J( ] 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; W6 }" D+ S( `
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 E7 a9 \- h3 @& _! M( e
- C" ^4 p$ M- v7 k. CAction by Holders of Financial Resources) R& B/ ]# r( V0 ]2 R- G
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 p2 |" |4 E* [6 s, ^) ^; o# a0 k
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' J; W6 E# p1 w: L% H0 r
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( _1 Z0 j0 j! _/ L6 _! x0 B2 G 89. Severance of funds and credit
4 u% @% s8 M* h9 l" O2 Z# j 90. Revenue refusal
+ i* Z! w+ `- }2 T 91. Refusal of a government’s money M8 }8 O& H8 ?0 ~8 [6 L( P
2 c+ R# b6 r) q/ m0 ?Action by Governments
% b9 v, {% d5 i% l3 o 92. Domestic embargo
! ?* t6 k* T8 [4 q7 B 93. Blacklisting of traders. N4 h( o. M/ _' M G9 \' C) z
94. International sellers’ embargo
. F& S& J- k" U* w1 l- ^ 95. International buyers’ embargo u# H- h, l! D7 W, t- A0 M& b
96. International trade embargo! s! `! ]( T6 j$ C. \+ W5 Y
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2 f' z9 l: I/ t% pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 W T1 H- G" ^4 K
9 K* S9 g5 m6 ~. R$ [# X/ p
1 z2 W* P. |8 @8 MSymbolic Strikes
/ s F( O. K' p( x 97. Protest strike" {7 R/ h+ d- k7 \. |: a& o
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ y" H$ _8 m* Z6 `" ?
4 \! c1 \; I, K% ~0 n- P
Agricultural Strikes
7 K7 w9 q: @4 G# L: z* f! D 99. Peasant strike
- _* t# z" G5 e3 _: U 100. Farm Workers’ strike8 f% |7 F- b+ W( j5 v* ^9 a- ~
w2 @: [+ E. y
Strikes by Special Groups
0 j$ T( N/ O3 |) C) ~' W- r 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 d; i# A+ d9 t+ S6 e 102. Prisoners’ strike
y7 X. d. C* W3 a: ` 103. Craft strike/ k' Z; }/ L& P6 B' ?# I D
104. Professional strike
7 X4 o2 T" r' b3 F$ ^( o% I# l5 x3 I1 m. b
Ordinary Industrial Strikes' w- ~( P4 @* g) q8 ?
105. Establishment strike
2 r/ |9 E+ m6 O+ }* B4 C u 106. Industry strike. w4 ^1 c1 ^' s
107. Sympathetic strike
7 Z1 M7 ~+ k) b. o& ?4 V0 J q. ^3 H: Q$ s6 k$ Q
Restricted Strikes- e- W9 @. ^, A
108. Detailed strike0 C0 \. T5 X2 C' f2 q
109. Bumper strike% g, t: R6 s( H9 w, r
110. Slowdown strike
! Z' s# o" c4 Q4 |/ p 111. Working-to-rule strike) z8 _4 N8 F+ a$ [" ^# F
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& z- Z$ \! k7 V# R: c* F" u 113. Strike by resignation/ O) a% J# ~7 O. w* X0 k: L
114. Limited strike" S' Y* D3 m1 O2 }3 q. ~5 y
115. Selective strike/ R5 ~+ [6 v- a
! E6 d/ g+ P; A2 Y1 l" G% W# b5 H% FMulti-Industry Strikes6 a! _1 C9 g: ~: X. P' I, Z4 \
, M T# s0 ]# i5 V) ] 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
% _* S3 ^7 y1 h) l
% D/ h; a' P) t, d+ q: n, W0 t* o" m+ hCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
) H0 D5 ^; r' `7 Q
# r- b5 U- s$ c( y2 Y( O0 R 118. Hartal
5 z7 x7 N* p" h0 q, r8 J4 S+ g; ~4 i8 o2 _3 E2 {" F3 S
119. Economic shutdown
6 d8 Q3 i3 ]7 P* t5 z# F4 _' k4 n/ N2 U- @ l
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8 [# |* K6 Y: i8 G: e: ^5 V
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# b7 m9 J$ b+ z" T
* h1 s; [7 B$ I+ j / p; `) B0 m7 j5 u2 ? T
Rejection of Authority- N. P# |( _0 W- C7 T1 k
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
( y: v0 t F6 h2 C0 q) J9 g 121. Refusal of public support
, {3 Y# x& x; N1 o+ n; O/ v 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ v5 h+ F! Y% @; B. m, M, U9 z- z8 k. F
' k6 T! I; o$ A1 hCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
# l2 d O% y ~, B$ B3 ~ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 Y9 Q7 M1 I0 X' Y( H: `9 ?# j 124. Boycott of elections& @# a6 d- D! x
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- P4 P) G! J r 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( o0 W4 Z6 A; B( k& `- u6 O 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ r' T* v3 K& d7 F$ o
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 I* W& ^" O5 \+ Q7 M" A 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
3 @1 m7 Q) T; D8 V 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. A5 f2 u; J# P2 F
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials D7 b: L9 `9 b1 b, @4 B' y
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 e+ ~2 o ]* @, R
' ]' [: N9 e! Y5 O% o/ Z/ ~5 e# WCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 b2 \) N* }9 r/ R+ J( o 133. Reluctant and slow compliance; B9 i0 S: D( @9 K
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: q% t2 B$ |( T8 B# v* i+ i& B 135. Popular nonobedience0 Y3 u) D2 f7 l# q
136. Disguised disobedience, N# j' k y" I) A8 Y7 i
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 B# u5 S6 X' P
138. Sitdown4 J0 z% L+ J2 i0 r
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( H% c# B9 V6 u2 N% O& \, f) t0 ? 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) k6 D1 Q& y7 u0 ^0 p6 v, k2 x' ` 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws! j1 C4 P7 C1 C5 [# Y" B
4 D' z! j. ^% P# x/ j
Action by Government Personnel
' |& X9 K$ b, l& Q2 @! K5 \! Y% U- { 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 T; [# o9 B D2 k- K, I- Q
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 }1 V" \, b3 n0 b/ r 144. Stalling and obstruction P+ v: b! @5 v" X. C# h" h
145. General administrative noncooperation" g# c2 x, Y& S7 m5 @: S
! }! f6 |+ m. q$ n8 ~0 Q' r 146. Judicial noncooperation. x( J- [! t$ w& Z$ r* }
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" a& Y4 S; ?( X; }' [
148. Mutiny
( `1 x7 z$ h. z2 B' [$ P. P# N/ [Domestic Governmental Action5 n; s' v1 k, x; {+ X
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* X U x6 ] A& Q
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 }) P8 u4 C/ p& {+ m! f+ H1 p0 ^/ a. w& S0 b& S
International Governmental Action
# _( X: |7 q) M* N' H# A. N( | 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( f5 ?( G! C7 m$ c6 d; L6 w& ^
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' n" ?* P1 j6 h
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: `/ O# y* A/ s; f0 R& ?& T8 F Y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ @8 S0 ` q7 \4 V8 W7 d! a
155. Withdrawal from international organizations" C: L/ f) ^1 k5 H, `
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 g5 M5 F9 \5 m4 t
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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2 e8 a, Q& d; UTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
_1 g' Z A9 l+ V2 X2 ^$ I/ z
1 R5 h7 C! Y) ]* e0 F / b' \2 L) i& d; Z' J$ g: t
Psychological Intervention
- n4 Q1 r z+ q# v2 l+ G 158. Self-exposure to the elements
' } }9 b5 t6 ]$ w7 X% B, x 159. The fast
: F+ {+ \0 f8 w K a) Fast of moral pressure8 |% F5 i5 k* w1 B+ F/ C- j
b) Hunger strike/ k' I, w4 o) x0 u6 q
c) Satyagrahic fast
( ?* h! i8 W( r 160. Reverse trial) P8 M! [7 C; r: [! h, u$ ?# f2 ?
161. Nonviolent harassment
8 d$ J; H& b( ^9 J" i% ?. w3 @3 a$ E1 J a1 ~% Y1 a
Physical Intervention+ ^4 {! W( I( `# m
162. Sit-in3 j X- |8 L1 l- u) I; `$ ~
163. Stand-in. H }7 B8 \. S: X+ ?
164. Ride-in+ F+ R5 h8 ]$ N$ J1 c
165. Wade-in0 T, f& t1 ^% \0 C' I p
166. Mill-in6 J, Y; ?) e! M: z$ y& Z$ R
167. Pray-in( {8 y+ S- q: Z# S- z
168. Nonviolent raids. f! f0 y! G9 R' ?
169. Nonviolent air raids0 y1 b! ~. w; h7 x' K
170. Nonviolent invasion
: I7 t% {9 P2 H8 G 171. Nonviolent interjection6 I2 R( z* y: }0 q
172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 X, h5 _5 l) L, V% ~; B 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
" ]/ y/ @8 i9 i# u% U2 B7 f 174. Establishing new social patterns0 K) r) f. T. y9 Z, H
175. Overloading of facilities* b2 R; ?: }& b$ V; r
176. Stall-in
3 C1 Z- [% u% a6 n3 h 177. Speak-in4 O4 z7 o, R% u9 d
178. Guerrilla theater
! Y5 x: Z# F) C& F7 L* O 179. Alternative social institutions9 A# u. t3 g* k7 G
180. Alternative communication system
/ I. X# F5 D3 D1 I! v2 w# ?( W+ i" h5 t) h. x* L* o
Economic Intervention. M5 C' Q3 Z n
181. Reverse strike2 f; s u: V% t5 O
182. Stay-in strike
: ~5 ~. R" O6 j! V 183. Nonviolent land seizure, [( |4 Y" N0 e- z
184. Defiance of blockades
& [8 X; j; C3 p! d) d$ b 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! H: ~1 }" @$ T 186. Preclusive purchasing
, h) r8 F% ^/ E/ F7 i# \ 187. Seizure of assets
( e/ t8 M* i3 U# {0 L& N+ Q 188. Dumping3 y* B. V! [( w. ?' Z9 @
189. Selective patronage- Q" h$ c( ~1 h, }4 B y) @
190. Alternative markets, w- [3 W* `; [" n5 \4 k3 E, G
191. Alternative transportation systems
: [1 z# _$ b$ ^# u 192. Alternative economic institutions
% O1 ~) C$ A5 }' Z1 Y0 S6 K( Q1 h0 Z
Political Intervention- F" \( [- C! W
193. Overloading of administrative systems& ]! b3 }7 C! G1 U
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* d: u: B0 j3 N 195. Seeking imprisonment, [/ t1 h5 H$ ~
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* V) K2 [: B. n5 a3 W G! x" r 197. Work-on without collaboration, _3 V; u# N- k5 u# p/ s# n# ~* o
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
