 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ ?5 K) J1 d; O% f( }1 TFormal Statements! h5 E% j3 |0 @
1. Public Speeches
) S2 d1 Y4 n5 R" c8 F 2. Letters of opposition or support& f, O9 b" c4 [9 n1 \ {6 v
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) [, _1 P7 Z$ N/ B& |# a
4. Signed public statements
6 q6 B! q. ~# ~ T) r+ Q" U1 { 5. Declarations of indictment and intention- k7 _0 U$ g: y/ f9 a
6. Group or mass petitions
" C S- s+ t9 ^1 q/ i0 `, b) C* e/ ^ ?4 O# ~1 M
Communications with a Wider Audience
$ A' ]$ s0 k' o( [ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols' Z9 |% h: T" m- {3 b9 A
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 v$ r# _+ d3 K7 q! Y2 K" ]/ W& B" L
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. |7 ?- N* ?9 c* Y" F
10. Newspapers and journals. B" {: L+ F& }. V% E9 ~
11. Records, radio, and television/ m& L( F7 @4 m$ p% k4 [" l2 g, m/ ~0 h
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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Group Representations
! d- s' i6 Q' z3 H! E& }5 l 13. Deputations% C0 ^( ]5 T; t. U( w. O7 }
14. Mock awards
& y; D- b; j8 _1 Z 15. Group lobbying
! ]+ R$ _. }2 e0 p 16. Picketing& Q8 E& W, j/ I! a* i( s
17. Mock elections5 k5 S( y J- e* ?$ J7 q
$ D6 D: F: O) O' J) E7 f7 D, |Symbolic Public Acts
) {! f k7 X! K4 {1 s4 I. X 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 U5 M1 \" ?% X. M9 K 19. Wearing of symbols
U! `2 o' k! ]8 `3 X4 U 20. Prayer and worship
9 v" s; t2 ~ K$ b 21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 R- V/ [ R' m1 {& U7 H 22. Protest disrobings
% q+ ^- }) B3 s4 u9 B8 x( W9 W8 Q) \! E 23. Destruction of own property
5 @) d7 N8 U. F) r/ N 24. Symbolic lights3 X# i& `' A. I9 O9 A
25. Displays of portraits8 U0 x( D m! I! W& B
26. Paint as protest/ Y8 L$ a+ w3 D# p6 n8 {
27. New signs and names
$ t8 Q) l3 E. r* S8 j* @- C 28. Symbolic sounds
) r2 r7 h. S0 m4 o ^# I! W+ B 29. Symbolic reclamations
$ i$ @2 k4 Y+ l7 D. C% f 30. Rude gestures! l$ x8 Y/ m: ?+ n
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Pressures on Individuals d( h$ N2 v' \6 c* C
31. “Haunting” officials
! k# {/ C# X$ C" j% F 32. Taunting officials+ c( g9 Z% T! Q& ^7 q
33. Fraternization
0 V& x2 r; s0 F; D) x9 W2 o5 V& g 34. Vigils8 p3 Q! i2 }$ j" Y
; M6 ~1 ^% X) G! y9 uDrama and Music
# W$ S/ O& R1 ]) \ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ t8 a3 R/ a+ P: i4 I9 Z 36. Performances of plays and music( S0 I- P. M% @8 R: m/ `
37. Singing
n3 q# ]+ i" \7 g2 S1 Z5 M% B! Z% ]2 X2 }6 |2 m. f& Z# S
Processions
, n% C+ a1 Z- `, M! f- R+ m5 ~% k, B 38. Marches- T% h- F7 h3 ]7 K9 C
39. Parades
3 @. P7 g/ U* z( O/ n7 E 40. Religious processions- Y) J$ @& T, [* E4 S
41. Pilgrimages
+ X9 `3 s3 ]- R0 o" \ 42. Motorcades
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1 x* F; l% P4 V0 eHonoring the Dead
+ A U$ b' U. i) Y 43. Political mourning
0 G5 M0 s, q0 L7 |$ \# Z 44. Mock funerals
# V7 P& b5 D/ E" R. I$ m% F 45. Demonstrative funerals1 ]5 c6 }0 j# o( e" u
46. Homage at burial places. l, c0 o9 @2 p9 K
9 [. ` C$ I6 O6 n4 `8 }$ {: BPublic Assemblies Q+ E" X5 a7 s7 \+ N
47. Assemblies of protest or support4 z% K' n3 v; V4 H/ R
48. Protest meetings
; ]- N: i; l+ U3 F6 D( E1 ] 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 m |8 |9 F: U) _, r E 50. Teach-ins9 H. k! N. c& E0 s1 m9 q( t# u
8 x* F8 m: D+ c. O: d" t% z( w! sWithdrawal and Renunciation9 K& ]+ ~0 U! }$ n
51. Walk-outs% C+ Q; w* `9 k% m0 \/ @
52. Silence- D! r& H* v* }+ W
53. Renouncing honors/ ^" }8 I' {, [ o+ S4 K9 u
54. Turning one’s back& N M {7 k, ]7 \
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# _7 P' [, U' [' q9 i: @7 k3 J
; H3 o1 {5 Q8 t P+ B* LTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 z+ y( ~; X% F6 ?6 r! l
9 i. Y* `- ~$ H5 E) a h
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0 U2 g9 d, q2 {# }4 u' A; U$ r! @
Ostracism of Persons
3 ?4 G# A8 B6 T: K" V 55. Social boycott2 ~0 j% z' _6 ]4 J/ P/ i: R7 ?
56. Selective social boycott# P% U5 u( H" x: F' f2 j
57. Lysistratic nonaction7 t4 l, x: D+ d" }6 U5 W
58. Excommunication- ]/ }: ?+ `( d. e
59. Interdict
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0 C$ A$ D) z! K, `2 A% }Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( t5 s% E6 ?* l: Z. O: @5 l% A& B 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' I' a! @, J. k& w& P6 n 61. Boycott of social affairs4 k/ M1 I- b$ z0 j' \
62. Student strike: e, y3 k, t5 _9 A1 k* N4 P
63. Social disobedience
4 z' s7 l0 i1 j/ L9 C% g 64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 ~2 d- ?% k+ C$ @5 X( {8 v; \
. l7 n+ W; I3 w( G3 N+ ]
Withdrawal from the Social System) Y T. P6 I' Q) B4 e
65. Stay-at-home
2 `% l% T, F0 H 66. Total personal noncooperation& E* a: u6 `' e4 I
67. “Flight” of workers
& s, `% d8 a( ^9 E ^: s 68. Sanctuary& t" ?9 u5 z- z6 a
69. Collective disappearance" N1 m3 H% I+ [9 i+ X& \# a
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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1 b; d% |2 L/ g- A5 W5 e( tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ Q, e" v& o+ k9 i8 T0 }
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* K' f+ c# J5 ?) j+ KActions by Consumers2 W( t+ i5 S) S* d, C. j2 A
71. Consumers’ boycott
' V7 K. i3 n6 Y: ^ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 d1 D, n% H d& `# L Z
73. Policy of austerity; c c2 |: C5 F! Q: f
74. Rent withholding% P; R0 x* q- w* b8 n
75. Refusal to rent8 {7 p v' `" u E9 B
76. National consumers’ boycott& E9 j2 H$ |3 K: Q4 m) Z0 J- L v: u
77. International consumers’ boycott! o) T5 K& h1 W3 K6 j$ j! d/ v+ `
/ o" O- U6 o1 | ~$ GAction by Workers and Producers& U, B" C1 R8 B, m: s5 G: j, B; c
78. Workmen’s boycott
$ R& A g+ b6 G3 V1 R/ U 79. Producers’ boycott
* P6 ~, o( U s1 U! H! Z4 q3 ^. k2 J" `1 B/ ~% z1 l) v9 s v
Action by Middlemen
( A y; x' M; c9 D1 o6 z% E% C" M w+ ? 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( U' m$ O* a, [; L, n/ r
7 _; f, y; d$ M
Action by Owners and Management: c2 c: x: _: E! O
81. Traders’ boycott4 n/ Z. U+ x s: G: T. y' ?: ^% U
82. Refusal to let or sell property8 _: h6 b0 T4 c8 S y! J: n
83. Lockout
- j( E* j' R7 `: C, @1 V( w$ A; k 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* [. O4 V& B$ ^- O$ M3 g 85. Merchants’ “general strike” z; `& ]& _2 ]9 q
# K, j1 W# A% ~* V: \/ {: |Action by Holders of Financial Resources f6 K" S9 T: ^
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 ]$ G# Z/ z% j# C# S" K 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ s% b" f8 I r# g
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: r2 O0 c, b8 ~+ b 89. Severance of funds and credit- i$ W; [# d& e6 R! J# z8 W
90. Revenue refusal- ^4 P. j; Y6 J) T, K- }8 Y* {8 z
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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7 f/ ^9 H$ f- q& tAction by Governments
6 s2 ^# i" z$ F: x8 l4 X) { 92. Domestic embargo7 k' `4 N7 J q: C. ^; z N
93. Blacklisting of traders
. N# M% U5 Z) D7 g% ~4 F 94. International sellers’ embargo) Y- k' T4 U# p; r6 s) N* P
95. International buyers’ embargo1 [! G/ J; a0 P' w
96. International trade embargo
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" o+ ?; Y9 g% K) W+ T- A$ x- LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" B" g7 Y' Z" X
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1 b- D6 ?4 e; i* f) \- JSymbolic Strikes: D1 D3 _+ N. h2 [2 }
97. Protest strike; r2 H0 h4 }) O( a" K7 ?3 _
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! Y8 E1 f: Q0 b' d& D+ n
2 R# x; Z1 c/ ~% T
Agricultural Strikes
4 k8 R/ @* S1 B5 w9 m$ `% h6 K 99. Peasant strike8 k: B. T1 U1 Q$ s/ y
100. Farm Workers’ strike2 `" X; ^( D6 h& x* Q, \
- D" J2 H& [8 `7 N" _3 S* ~# HStrikes by Special Groups
& `5 m7 u3 h, H 101. Refusal of impressed labor
* g1 _( A- g) _9 ]0 b 102. Prisoners’ strike( }7 F7 Q* @: _4 N% y, n
103. Craft strike( t' u- U# o" ]& o5 U9 f
104. Professional strike
5 w" I. ^# {1 @: {! A O& \. L, w6 _" _. b1 M' M' o+ h) W
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
" Z$ T5 ^; w5 F7 n* Y3 W 105. Establishment strike3 ^* k8 j3 z0 _
106. Industry strike
" ^5 a7 z( j. H0 r# j. V! k% r" q+ H 107. Sympathetic strike% V/ \6 J8 p: ~) M: r+ D
9 H' y2 w7 p" I( z. y5 ~Restricted Strikes
2 A" q- p0 n2 o0 ~# h 108. Detailed strike4 j6 b7 l( j1 x2 ~, X
109. Bumper strike9 h2 H1 _0 O( K6 ~. L/ E
110. Slowdown strike
2 j9 i' s+ \3 J5 g' [6 r- q 111. Working-to-rule strike
$ a4 D8 v3 N8 B# p# J 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 K2 L/ Q$ B7 j4 Q4 z9 z 113. Strike by resignation
& s9 @3 g8 l- { 114. Limited strike
$ Q$ p* L3 K. V' J. ^" A6 q. Z 115. Selective strike; E0 m6 R M1 Q6 s
0 k* N" I7 r) {+ x5 c GMulti-Industry Strikes+ ~0 g- d3 Y2 Q& l; C `8 h
$ C. `% ^. @9 L1 D 116. Generalized strike& u: T: \, F1 E6 ]( D O" o
% |1 w& [7 t& z
117. General strike$ m" G- d# h( n3 x
8 S: {6 h- g+ k& j2 nCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown: f9 W/ ^! `) R6 \, o4 `1 Q
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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& ]8 B) M! H* PRejection of Authority
# @3 M: s3 x# T% S% Q' j& A 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* Q: N0 i, i$ r- t
121. Refusal of public support
/ |% H; C+ b/ S 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: Y1 H# F& [. `
* j/ W6 [+ v: m' B0 x. X2 B. A* RCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 _. v8 u" v t( M6 R6 N
123. Boycott of legislative bodies; ~* R8 d0 A" ?/ e. L0 s
124. Boycott of elections3 a8 X( g$ {2 K, k U, \2 Z
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
8 f& [) s& d2 t' H 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ M' l# J0 i& Z9 N4 N 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# ` v' P) O1 c# z
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 a; A7 ~* G' L( M% e 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ q0 f: x9 p5 `: R0 |- n' ?4 i4 ~4 k
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. k) ?- u$ D/ e' N7 ] 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
: |; b% G& J* Y3 ?3 c! X9 e z 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
6 B% ?/ M2 t8 w5 ~1 V+ B0 x* I
' [. m0 o3 g2 C6 ~! z5 NCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, I+ s# s5 C$ [9 F8 ?! j. l 133. Reluctant and slow compliance' M( Y! n0 @* @, `5 M% A, M Q
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision* v! K/ Q. a9 M- o3 @0 X
135. Popular nonobedience# m' e/ @5 L8 ?5 C* w
136. Disguised disobedience9 l5 _8 r" |2 G* n, ]4 i8 I
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( k: u2 b! V, w1 P
138. Sitdown) [5 x$ h4 |- o
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
$ t' C, S) y& L 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' ~/ k/ u) R9 p 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 F3 _8 `# ~7 c0 {. i2 f$ `$ t
4 `: V" O5 K9 i- z+ |Action by Government Personnel
9 P& L5 G) V( o6 j0 i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 p# K/ j1 h0 A& m; l 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 t# l4 d* ^5 Q- ?( k 144. Stalling and obstruction) ^# t: x- W% L$ o0 D; N9 S
145. General administrative noncooperation
d8 { i* b. s; O+ K/ r5 z8 F" O0 G0 X
146. Judicial noncooperation
" u6 \, n3 X3 X1 C( D6 E 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents5 r( h+ v9 S8 u/ q' a% {
148. Mutiny h' m! k# U6 f- a
Domestic Governmental Action
/ l' b x3 X- W- Q4 H0 Y 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# T$ R- t7 F7 M$ g" r+ @
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 M5 o' u" Q p
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International Governmental Action! I% [4 N2 n* Y% @* {% d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) v0 K7 u5 {$ B5 M* O5 B 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events8 \0 f' Z3 ~$ Q2 ?# b0 D+ s
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, R8 o$ [# F8 N* @7 S% z# o 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 E* Z9 u) j$ h4 ^& c4 R4 s# [0 J
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 k) X1 l7 i% U! O& {! \' N 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( z9 u" v* G& ~1 f, { 157. Expulsion from international organizations/ y& ~9 j) ]* }6 O" v9 Z
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
& t. q) P E. ]! ^ ~+ S* T6 C 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# P( }0 x* W0 M: P 159. The fast
8 T# w6 p% g- z R8 m; F' v a) Fast of moral pressure
9 j9 v' a/ a4 v! C; f* m+ Z b) Hunger strike) j6 ^ Q! L4 D, ^2 v/ M& h4 z# m
c) Satyagrahic fast( U9 N3 N! g! o" E+ W0 r3 A5 T- d% }
160. Reverse trial3 N/ r% Q; ]! g$ }( @* ]' w4 u6 T
161. Nonviolent harassment
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' c U3 [1 t( N4 IPhysical Intervention
2 ^2 k9 L3 D! O% k 162. Sit-in }0 C3 F/ L, J- w
163. Stand-in
( u* z) Y8 a9 c3 ? A! X9 | 164. Ride-in8 V6 C" X7 F3 k: \1 k7 e/ ?* t
165. Wade-in
4 o# h0 ` J. w1 B 166. Mill-in
0 H( f6 \: O, \* @$ T- W l 167. Pray-in- c; d) h) d# k
168. Nonviolent raids; S @, q1 L, u* k# j3 A
169. Nonviolent air raids; S; L& c, ^: ~+ c
170. Nonviolent invasion- U. c9 m2 d# s2 }1 G/ k6 {
171. Nonviolent interjection
* C0 e2 g& p9 E% \" Q% D2 A6 ? 172. Nonviolent obstruction/ M# u7 _! s8 ^7 x/ @. C: l1 y
173. Nonviolent occupation
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& `& n6 f; E- R0 W& B3 _ kSocial Intervention
2 n. _: L1 G. w( X$ U+ g6 ~7 q; j 174. Establishing new social patterns0 ?4 [( {9 [: _$ o6 K, h
175. Overloading of facilities
' w, w: `' {5 e7 o 176. Stall-in" i$ D8 v9 P% h8 [' W
177. Speak-in
7 W/ F4 V+ [) @1 g" H1 g 178. Guerrilla theater
- M" h' b, L0 m; h3 }( Z 179. Alternative social institutions6 b/ K: v- @9 P5 F# x) j( E
180. Alternative communication system
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! {. A9 [" P( k' l$ l- oEconomic Intervention
% D7 t I1 L) g; `8 \; L 181. Reverse strike/ W7 N; h8 {6 a
182. Stay-in strike- l5 L/ f5 o8 K; r: Z. B
183. Nonviolent land seizure$ }' p9 P0 v/ p2 U, o" P
184. Defiance of blockades
1 a# [) V" s# n+ r. H5 s 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. K5 b, J1 H! q. K- j d d
186. Preclusive purchasing
; w: {4 ^. z' v1 M6 [$ ? 187. Seizure of assets% S! n4 L% |; w( E" L' |# k
188. Dumping
0 a! A' i% [) Y {" G 189. Selective patronage1 s/ V* C( C1 u2 m, s& Y! x! M6 G4 L
190. Alternative markets+ b9 @# y Y5 |3 z: h3 B0 n# E& M9 |- U; p
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 \) ^+ J. F2 n Z 192. Alternative economic institutions! |9 f% k, O7 h7 P: g& p! d
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Political Intervention1 C3 [& W5 t/ l* a4 A3 |% M9 I6 T6 a
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 l8 z) ]% e; E, x$ I2 f% I" r5 u9 X2 y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
2 a7 n9 [8 d, O7 w3 E8 k 195. Seeking imprisonment
/ R4 z' L( J3 V 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
7 R7 \, x7 D2 ]( W* U 197. Work-on without collaboration
+ g. I& f( g: f 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
