 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# s. k, j& A5 J/ X6 d4 r2 [Formal Statements
' a: |* Y9 e( l2 D; Q& x6 r0 | 1. Public Speeches, ~$ X' J- d3 b1 P4 ?
2. Letters of opposition or support
" y( G G1 h* q! ?/ H 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' W: {. Q8 }3 r6 e; x9 @/ \
4. Signed public statements
# }* |. y$ ~# f 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% [1 y3 K% }! g 6. Group or mass petitions- e$ t! m% N, q6 ]
8 t/ C6 X5 o# M& n
Communications with a Wider Audience! v- y \8 X6 y! a
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 j2 U: Q# v) }1 Q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( d/ F. V: s; t$ p
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 g0 V% h6 f0 e7 F t" W 10. Newspapers and journals
6 w! r% U3 I" |% k 11. Records, radio, and television) u5 W7 t3 E8 I
12. Skywriting and earthwriting) m* U! o& O0 ?) X4 s. Y5 r) V/ X
: J4 M# r7 m6 h! _) D3 \& ^
Group Representations
# w4 m2 V5 n7 s 13. Deputations7 O) U7 |( C z! z
14. Mock awards- y; i( t, t! i# _( @1 i4 J8 a
15. Group lobbying% `4 X+ ^; o U ~3 m2 M/ V
16. Picketing
: P: F, j! a" o3 m+ x7 W 17. Mock elections: o6 n) Z8 q! J" [2 f: s" m3 B
) q- [5 w4 ~+ P' S* w5 J' VSymbolic Public Acts1 F2 q0 z. x, R( d
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
" T; }- [ e- Q: A; S 19. Wearing of symbols6 w# v7 T% z. u" }& a
20. Prayer and worship2 I, u. m% o U# s
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 D$ t' C( S4 I" D# o 22. Protest disrobings
1 v3 N1 y# N- P/ V9 g 23. Destruction of own property
" \. O6 s' C, b, R6 g 24. Symbolic lights
: K( P, l# v/ D/ J' W# Y" u' u 25. Displays of portraits8 F& ^5 f5 R$ _" k; i1 K+ j
26. Paint as protest3 u' V% m: T( M5 U8 f
27. New signs and names
' {0 y( Y$ ~- i" d0 i2 R 28. Symbolic sounds7 q) D# K. y) i2 w. }
29. Symbolic reclamations
2 }. ?) J! ^/ N+ E 30. Rude gestures
# v& V0 I, i9 P- Q0 H7 n, s
$ i7 K4 [7 ^" l0 Y4 @9 v$ t3 J0 f5 x: \Pressures on Individuals
+ v8 F" @& c7 y. b8 x) ~9 e9 u7 `# t% f 31. “Haunting” officials
1 K* M( m6 O( P! [5 t9 Z6 ~6 P/ V9 R 32. Taunting officials
" D7 {& |' p6 T$ s7 g: Q) d 33. Fraternization1 I% n: s/ p* f9 q+ g( z* x
34. Vigils
B: [6 x1 y& F+ Y1 B
9 W1 {: }, v/ q1 nDrama and Music
( G7 Z4 S' q5 g# k) | O 35. Humorous skits and pranks
: x7 B: B; i+ w* j9 ~: G 36. Performances of plays and music% p$ [7 k( z" O2 z
37. Singing
" I. M8 p: p. K1 M) A. | ` M8 D. _$ V! B! I
Processions
( r/ B3 q p3 J$ E6 v Q# F, V% ] 38. Marches
# S, c' g' n; t. K3 H+ g, I 39. Parades' d; }8 {4 \/ C' ^. U8 l3 o! t
40. Religious processions
7 f& x' d( E7 y$ |) F9 o7 F 41. Pilgrimages
1 s4 x# W* w* v; c9 _1 m* ]4 H9 L 42. Motorcades
- V. o l1 H0 t6 `- t6 n; [/ n* w
z2 z" Q4 ^0 v& W8 q$ B3 _ }Honoring the Dead3 Y4 p0 t& o9 y% P9 o" J& g
43. Political mourning, w$ Z5 y- p$ o2 o
44. Mock funerals$ F. w4 [7 g2 r/ x0 o4 ?1 }
45. Demonstrative funerals2 F$ _$ q: G y, t$ k# h, F. B) c+ L
46. Homage at burial places
3 w4 v4 x+ Q F: d8 |; L* H9 g9 M2 `, g# [; I% Q
Public Assemblies
+ Y2 P# l, { C( W2 B 47. Assemblies of protest or support' @$ e, M- R' l. ]) `& _' U1 z s
48. Protest meetings! p! y B$ n- w1 b3 K5 W9 n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ T7 m4 ^1 P; Y0 i$ ?. ?4 E) E
50. Teach-ins
: a( a2 `9 ~6 [& k' {% V( ]
- D, n2 ]4 a' n) W5 XWithdrawal and Renunciation+ p* X! V5 o: ?7 F3 L: c, I
51. Walk-outs
9 v3 x, e/ R) Z+ `' T 52. Silence7 V! P; Q' C' |- L& q
53. Renouncing honors+ e5 i6 F8 J2 p* w8 P9 g
54. Turning one’s back5 i' |9 R5 l* E# J# t
' `/ X2 E( I. }# ~: m" d 0 F# ?0 R1 p+ \' v+ D3 h( \
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 X2 r0 ^. ?& l) i
" x! o5 [* P" K2 R K
6 i$ z' p5 O1 m( k. O Z- G$ W
3 I! y! g9 y& [Ostracism of Persons
8 c. a8 m. g( r# [; Q 55. Social boycott
! `; z) C, |% B- g+ @0 N9 a" s 56. Selective social boycott
& S: ^" V8 ?; x. r" A2 D9 d 57. Lysistratic nonaction4 H# @7 R( `. V$ y- t/ C: G# m$ b
58. Excommunication
+ r9 r5 Y/ h' G' a 59. Interdict
' x: |$ [6 V0 [. I! y
( j3 S8 `6 Z+ l3 WNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions m8 O+ M; A% c
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" [- x+ x9 m% c: T7 @+ U: Z, j 61. Boycott of social affairs* E; y0 S0 K+ H0 s4 {
62. Student strike' X i6 u- ~6 T# s; z
63. Social disobedience! n+ T" M: `% Y/ `. w8 h, V* _( N
64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 p$ J, {$ ^+ s. a* Z, V; ?5 N7 w
1 ?# ?) i- v9 [4 H7 Q$ L1 y. K
Withdrawal from the Social System' t/ U; Z; b4 b6 u
65. Stay-at-home
2 w; Y- n! r# R+ }; M' }( A# Z: L0 T2 C 66. Total personal noncooperation
; V2 Q! B6 \% x) u7 B$ v 67. “Flight” of workers4 k ]1 t, }% W4 c7 z8 q& N
68. Sanctuary$ l+ {, K7 `) Q0 K% W
69. Collective disappearance. ]( q. y! Q) U4 N) }$ g
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" M, W1 y. S( A4 ~3 v# o
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3 G& t9 s. m$ {* P
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 B+ p; o9 s6 D
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a& P* }% w. X6 c# u4 O9 r4 q
Actions by Consumers/ d3 r' D% e" J1 h ^& R
71. Consumers’ boycott
- g) o/ n# m4 `$ I; G% Y' n 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& V( Q& \# @/ J
73. Policy of austerity
. K& s: m2 F# \ s7 @. P 74. Rent withholding- r$ m5 [& z, F
75. Refusal to rent5 V* @0 [+ e# ?2 B# V) |' g3 s
76. National consumers’ boycott8 l+ H! X7 w+ F, {
77. International consumers’ boycott
+ t3 N/ N4 D. z4 P' |% d7 s5 [3 m( n6 @2 v
Action by Workers and Producers, S/ ~0 G2 C; j3 ^
78. Workmen’s boycott
* G1 g4 R, m7 X5 J 79. Producers’ boycott& f" j* l- [4 r! Z) q. J5 }* k
' V) s2 x2 V% c& f) tAction by Middlemen- S" [6 ?0 _; a4 `4 C5 b; s
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
' ?4 W% G: s/ U$ ~3 _/ ?0 K6 F, u/ q7 D. w3 g
Action by Owners and Management
+ `$ V0 P+ n: g( B# D 81. Traders’ boycott
, t( y/ c( @! b* ^ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
) ~0 M+ `6 g4 ?* u 83. Lockout
1 F( {; l' D3 J2 P6 g- Q V) G2 Y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance N) k- K; X/ G9 ^# i
85. Merchants’ “general strike”. g$ a9 B$ r/ b8 j `+ h
4 I* @2 P' G" s' Z* e7 CAction by Holders of Financial Resources
+ i" D' w: g/ r0 a" o# I 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 J# x; W n/ M! H* w. W4 ?/ a7 O! j 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) Y: {. } H) ]: z* {1 M0 P( Y6 Q 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 ~/ f7 B4 H0 ?; a 89. Severance of funds and credit- @# q- o0 v9 }( B* M! Z, M' q
90. Revenue refusal
9 X9 E8 u6 Z9 L 91. Refusal of a government’s money0 r+ l- b; j2 I& J. y
3 P6 @8 I X; x! ^. N9 _
Action by Governments4 J( ]1 [$ E# O- ^! R0 N: s% L
92. Domestic embargo, F1 a/ D4 M; Z" X, ^# f
93. Blacklisting of traders
" V# V9 B7 Y. h, T' o 94. International sellers’ embargo; N, {3 C6 y' O4 R6 |
95. International buyers’ embargo7 o, f8 Y8 p, z9 N# c0 I
96. International trade embargo! [; V& h- E D; {
6 Z! Q. O7 a. J1 F: P. j* _2 @$ U
: H9 h* A. A* o( I) y$ d* D% ]; ^4 n1 B: E8 m$ _
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
" B/ k7 N! k [! H' L m& N* a! z6 l
7 R' y ]5 y3 c( H) L6 O ( @! s9 q- Y, ~" b, Q8 t) J
Symbolic Strikes9 ^- ~! a) h+ S# A, S: S; B
97. Protest strike
' Z: a# j s/ `4 c6 M) t# C 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) J; r3 i6 k' v# l
7 A5 V' M% g) s5 o% AAgricultural Strikes
9 X3 Y/ N, T7 V6 h. j 99. Peasant strike) @8 \) O0 k* f, O
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ U! }% v, Q) P+ j1 Q, F# a
$ d: e& h/ p1 G# D) {
Strikes by Special Groups8 x9 x1 A, p; n+ ~, C
101. Refusal of impressed labor+ v$ W' |$ k& U( @# ]1 Q4 \
102. Prisoners’ strike' {! z* Z1 ?6 D9 S( r* Z
103. Craft strike
$ S: H/ t2 `: X8 O+ Z$ v/ a 104. Professional strike
( }* [1 A& E1 u0 J0 P
/ s9 b: D+ K0 p1 hOrdinary Industrial Strikes- v" c$ k8 m2 g2 B& I' Y* J
105. Establishment strike
$ @( b; U" D# h& k9 `* M 106. Industry strike
" ~; U. l! a* w; T1 Z 107. Sympathetic strike
5 C8 k7 \3 e V8 r2 L! y0 p4 @
( ]( t0 M8 f$ { @Restricted Strikes
6 Y" r! i. {/ ^+ X; V" W 108. Detailed strike9 ?. |8 t5 t+ T0 K+ t
109. Bumper strike
: F1 k3 r/ H% t: ]: C. y 110. Slowdown strike$ U$ K2 O8 Q9 u; T; Z
111. Working-to-rule strike
0 h% n3 D, w: t2 m# P2 m4 }# H 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
# v& Z7 R) S, y0 z% S( x 113. Strike by resignation
1 p& r) e/ {; A9 `3 D: ^0 ] 114. Limited strike
* Q% q+ d v: n4 G* g! v0 f& [ 115. Selective strike
% [9 Z7 A/ k" V) J4 u9 \
! o! {2 O8 k3 k/ h; M0 g, IMulti-Industry Strikes
' o' o; }( X8 I( p* ?: C5 S0 D6 F9 x& o% \! w
116. Generalized strike: L; ^8 D4 S& Q8 R7 I" t
8 P& H" L$ a) W( y8 H
117. General strike
% J" y& V) |; w3 ^
. _6 s' J0 ~8 \5 [4 q, X( D: TCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 T% D9 h# ]( \. G) s z. n
# _; f' ]: J2 V$ `6 E# ] 118. Hartal& T& T' B) ~6 M$ I1 B! V- t4 ?
# d% L$ d, e/ U 119. Economic shutdown# t5 F; o0 u( P/ w& M! l
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, w9 m( c/ p- Y. }+ ~8 x1 ?% E0 _6 P, e% w1 s& s+ j! e
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 Y* s) l$ {+ B5 @: V# t1 p
4 S& {; u- a8 O+ H$ i
7 Z' L2 ]; T; A) a* QRejection of Authority' Y* I6 E1 L' r) m
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 t8 X }& l9 j5 X- D, u 121. Refusal of public support
4 y' {. m9 L! w 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, }/ O. ]; u& R" |8 Q
' j& e/ o& }2 r, B$ @; e
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* V7 |. a4 r. |4 } 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% K( j6 n. C/ w& C; D
124. Boycott of elections& f- ?1 N* z6 E
125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ F! H' L5 h+ y- `/ }* N
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ B# C$ m. Z" j' R1 P: G2 P
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ v- V, Z( _: Y L1 C$ `5 g
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( V, s5 e2 d* t/ |7 `2 ~4 W
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* \9 }! l1 n+ b; h, D3 m+ s 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
/ {, ]" D j( }7 Q& {5 c9 X6 V' V% S 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials3 e; u; K$ i& e; s9 v" Y
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions( i) Y+ B5 P3 J- t @4 W! `
/ d. l( r8 q8 V$ m
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* P% B9 ?, W1 I; ]0 O% p
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 l7 B0 A# j8 V' a1 @! D' K! _6 b 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ b) n" Q% S/ c; a5 \% B0 ^4 G. K
135. Popular nonobedience8 R8 q, I- c* H3 \! v" F
136. Disguised disobedience
% I# ]9 G% Z" k: K/ Z/ O 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 t4 z7 ]$ B) h' Y. J 138. Sitdown
8 i* a) N5 S* r$ I' P 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation2 C* a v$ @3 }# p, o
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
% T# F" n0 Z: Y- U: ?4 R$ U 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ Q/ @" T, t z+ P$ i' N" y
1 y7 m% k" @1 L' f' AAction by Government Personnel
- @5 I8 f1 f9 t( ~ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides R* `5 `6 i; p3 b8 B
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 U3 m& ]! A P0 u 144. Stalling and obstruction( B. D) c' e$ Q& k+ d$ S
145. General administrative noncooperation$ V* ^6 A+ R. P& l- |# h
" F/ t4 T& N% g1 m
146. Judicial noncooperation
2 z! [9 ?7 m* ?4 ]) X3 V/ E 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents; G9 i4 [% Q8 M: t' v4 F4 s
148. Mutiny
O! l* u# e* qDomestic Governmental Action* h3 }) v- R U. s) O+ N$ i' c: j2 q/ q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( E1 d @( V- D/ n: o1 k' V8 J 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
, V2 W7 l( ?* f/ c7 @& R3 N. v6 P s. y
International Governmental Action
# I0 S: n3 Z- B 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 B& t; C& k; @
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 E' t& X4 I4 K7 G6 T
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- r; ]) z* V6 l+ P. b) F9 M" ? 154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 I, F' ~5 H; h% d* P
155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ Z+ K2 p# c( l& }* o) Q" a
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" ]0 |, k$ i/ C5 ~* z9 Z7 ?4 h( v 157. Expulsion from international organizations1 O! o5 ?5 d5 M6 o5 T
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- q9 a) I+ Q! t6 N. O% CTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
: _% h7 | j# v' |; D6 Y- n 158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 r7 D+ d' t, ?/ K) g) N7 I 159. The fast
+ [( k d' B7 {! N; E0 v5 l a) Fast of moral pressure8 ~0 h5 h2 p7 J, `$ X
b) Hunger strike
, {+ t2 S0 d* U% U, n1 n c) Satyagrahic fast
, }, M0 b, G0 S: N- T9 q# R& y 160. Reverse trial8 V5 o1 j6 \4 G" K
161. Nonviolent harassment' y+ z1 K: N/ n+ P
( P' Z3 ?/ F# f
Physical Intervention
0 q t: V" u# @ 162. Sit-in
8 ^3 o U$ X' C6 R! }2 z 163. Stand-in
/ T$ f; [' d8 X$ l9 t: k 164. Ride-in
9 K( Q3 R" G u% H2 O/ [2 h 165. Wade-in
0 e# s, L2 w: G1 m8 L$ e 166. Mill-in, |) `/ L1 V1 D. o/ C6 H2 e: `7 Z: {3 w
167. Pray-in. v$ A3 f: e2 r7 o5 \7 J% d
168. Nonviolent raids
$ L- K# m* y, K2 X' E2 l 169. Nonviolent air raids; i! J6 m7 L6 G7 @
170. Nonviolent invasion
( q; s1 P' E/ Q 171. Nonviolent interjection8 E3 H/ B( C- X N) D* H
172. Nonviolent obstruction: k6 Q# p' X8 U0 G6 ^6 [
173. Nonviolent occupation
9 ^% W$ Q/ J$ d+ M% |/ |4 C1 J {/ W
- C2 p/ e0 A' d, kSocial Intervention% W7 p$ M4 l6 x. C; q1 j
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 H4 C1 v: Z% X# A& J0 s( L6 g 175. Overloading of facilities; y6 d$ @! w4 K0 ]5 R$ h8 z: q4 s" s
176. Stall-in
: x+ Q( ~/ C3 n5 p; T( q/ D0 G! H 177. Speak-in- V) V' C' _ c# p( x( {
178. Guerrilla theater7 f7 z+ M- w- f8 u0 I
179. Alternative social institutions
: |0 g8 [4 N% s2 m/ C0 X 180. Alternative communication system, Q8 C; ~2 G1 R
% d' W# W, [7 r9 t# [
Economic Intervention
% U8 r' B& ?- T$ f0 _/ g2 D: k 181. Reverse strike* r6 {' y+ f) i- F, _, b8 g. [3 X1 e
182. Stay-in strike! h9 Y3 E% B' C0 ~
183. Nonviolent land seizure' U. F9 @$ E: O# y7 z8 F: [' x5 A
184. Defiance of blockades
! A9 Q' S T/ ?( s: J5 b1 g6 K 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 i; y+ g, Z( p% N4 w
186. Preclusive purchasing- G8 z* X+ q9 m6 j" D: x, y. Q
187. Seizure of assets
: i" F/ g6 x+ D" k- ` 188. Dumping
9 u; [( f. ^ J% `; P$ b% n& p 189. Selective patronage; P/ R' P; J j, K1 Y" w( M
190. Alternative markets
2 _+ n e B* b3 W% A6 q 191. Alternative transportation systems
. h% Y2 _! C. e$ A- U; a7 r: b% c 192. Alternative economic institutions
# j" N; c3 y* q4 A3 n/ m
! U" T/ Y9 G/ s& LPolitical Intervention
4 `, \& m; X3 T4 A( U" m6 {( \ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
. C9 e4 K2 |. o- e7 G3 W: ~" k6 [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 `( N, U4 M# j. `1 R% D 195. Seeking imprisonment3 Y! a+ U; K( T: T! q4 Z! ^
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws8 ~5 W' L! A% x/ ^6 B9 T7 u
197. Work-on without collaboration1 A! |0 b# l5 U" B" j$ F! }- O2 {
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ P4 Q" F: [' @: ?
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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