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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION) ?2 D8 B0 I* D s! b! ?
Formal Statements
$ l: G$ ^2 Q/ T9 @5 r$ a" F 1. Public Speeches3 l: K/ r: H W7 ~) U/ C# v" U0 @, _6 o8 Z
2. Letters of opposition or support% L8 ^0 h$ d! M) [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ w+ X9 T) g& F' Q4 F6 b7 n
4. Signed public statements
- M1 g5 y$ l2 B0 Q 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% P& W3 X* A; }4 }$ G, F4 F 6. Group or mass petitions4 \) m/ ^0 t8 [
1 A4 ?, M6 q# S5 m/ NCommunications with a Wider Audience5 ?: [& x& e: q: A& ?4 @" P6 K
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 g. T; @# p* D1 m, i# u 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 Z; s1 i( w0 R
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* |6 s$ U x* {& n# |1 k
10. Newspapers and journals
1 U/ E' G' h4 i2 p 11. Records, radio, and television
/ W7 `) d' d. f* C' ]& s9 V 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 h+ a3 Q6 J; L' ]- f1 G# O' ?$ x$ w o9 U. C
Group Representations
# ]2 o' C; |; B- K( d1 [2 n 13. Deputations' r: Q j( j" a! h- O H* N
14. Mock awards! C& X8 x# E! T4 m4 d
15. Group lobbying+ z& s8 w1 ^1 f2 n
16. Picketing3 T% T) x) }! K( w! d
17. Mock elections3 e& N. ^6 d1 f+ |# \
; V8 ]1 \5 ~9 O5 Y3 o
Symbolic Public Acts
' X+ [+ Y+ k$ d. F/ M( l 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
`% F4 T: d# ~ 19. Wearing of symbols
% [2 n2 ^) U) ~, c, T 20. Prayer and worship, T b, N5 O2 U9 _# g- |" Q
21. Delivering symbolic objects1 n$ }, U! u. ]! D( f. \% ?: J. Z
22. Protest disrobings
* p) |# A X4 ^; ^) c: d3 b 23. Destruction of own property' r& e1 u# {: s2 [* b7 R
24. Symbolic lights
4 O( s% [4 L, i$ h 25. Displays of portraits0 R4 _0 |: O7 ^) g
26. Paint as protest) |! X6 o5 X- r' }
27. New signs and names
% F' G* q `# e0 d* @; Q0 ? 28. Symbolic sounds
0 p( e; o) o5 [; z. i% B4 r 29. Symbolic reclamations
$ S+ D: S# S7 Q( E+ O" V* Y: M 30. Rude gestures
2 r; x9 o& Y' ?. X' g& ~( _0 e% P1 C
, \ q. D) w3 \/ q, EPressures on Individuals
: @5 x, C2 R+ t% J' ] 31. “Haunting” officials
]" v! ~8 T0 S% D 32. Taunting officials& | E+ ~. w& l9 y4 P# Q* k( b2 d
33. Fraternization
6 v9 u6 ]1 x# a o. W* _8 V 34. Vigils
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+ K) l. Q0 b4 _) Z {' QDrama and Music; t' H' D C4 A: l" b( t
35. Humorous skits and pranks
|( Q/ \8 b; P! l% U+ B 36. Performances of plays and music
! G9 i+ |$ e; t P! D: O, M# K; i# u- l6 U 37. Singing5 {+ ]) O% m7 H. Y z
! n7 b8 f8 Q% M. X( s2 L
Processions
0 M, X }( e5 u' s& z1 q, l! w 38. Marches
, Z, a. u- j3 B4 G& A. j 39. Parades
: X1 n1 n1 g6 b3 O8 [* p* [ 40. Religious processions
2 U% @! l7 }1 ~. V! R 41. Pilgrimages, b- ]5 S7 ]! K* S. a. d
42. Motorcades. e% t( B8 U0 G u% f9 U5 _5 M
. L B& ] i9 U5 y' LHonoring the Dead
/ ^- E( j0 k# n2 l6 R6 E7 O& E 43. Political mourning% p' ?5 I$ b, X
44. Mock funerals* ?& _7 u" U6 ^# X8 b
45. Demonstrative funerals
. h1 R3 ~5 w& D5 ` 46. Homage at burial places) i I3 w% t5 R2 ~( M1 \' A' {
2 m7 {# S$ v3 c4 x1 O9 r- ?1 s
Public Assemblies- C, K2 y5 A1 W x
47. Assemblies of protest or support, m$ Y7 f" ?- F
48. Protest meetings2 @1 W. f5 O6 [3 `6 z. w
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 D }$ j. i3 w- g 50. Teach-ins
3 G& A- p4 K& k9 Z8 p/ ? }
* l- T0 f* a7 A# T! I" g( X2 G# A gWithdrawal and Renunciation. e: E' p7 ^+ `. w8 h) u6 N
51. Walk-outs
' W! q/ z' [5 X, P2 I$ S 52. Silence
" s; t) u2 Y4 Y; E% n' V% b' n 53. Renouncing honors. N2 ]% C: I' p0 J
54. Turning one’s back8 C i3 K/ S4 ^1 ]
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/ F0 |/ \6 S8 F1 A) ZTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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0 ~/ x/ T) f2 F% L1 YOstracism of Persons* G6 ?6 P3 u5 U3 U/ D! A
55. Social boycott
' g. l |+ o: t6 o, G 56. Selective social boycott
$ a& x v5 r, x0 _! ~. F2 i 57. Lysistratic nonaction1 c) s- a: Z7 b6 @) P( U9 i: Y; j- o
58. Excommunication
7 M- ~/ b- h1 ]2 |( D 59. Interdict
7 y( q$ E. a/ |1 b' e; H1 i) a- x9 c8 f( e; P1 m1 J9 U
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, r9 v( a- R9 A& t- f/ c: ]
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 Y$ o& [9 i+ r5 j 61. Boycott of social affairs
- M& m* ]: f& R+ B; J 62. Student strike6 o, M6 |0 F+ P
63. Social disobedience
4 i8 V u! {+ U, E 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 T) r- R7 a. U$ y* R# Z8 g% e
9 E4 B7 ~( ~& R( ?0 uWithdrawal from the Social System R, k4 l, `# n
65. Stay-at-home4 X/ b4 N# g5 o
66. Total personal noncooperation) e: O8 D% _7 y# P- O) A
67. “Flight” of workers$ D- `2 o7 N% a+ U- O! o
68. Sanctuary4 ^0 x: g$ r& s" I: t* \; Q7 {
69. Collective disappearance
# x6 }( A c6 T# S 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 } g& L7 t7 t0 h) R$ G! {, {
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( W# v8 m0 D0 D3 DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( \9 p0 R z: t! }) V8 X
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Actions by Consumers
2 s- p/ x/ d& O3 x5 ]8 s) X+ o 71. Consumers’ boycott8 M- O% P! o4 F' D+ p' h, x: e
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods0 `( o( K" M p8 y( b
73. Policy of austerity( {( h) j6 D3 s/ j1 H4 s
74. Rent withholding
( p/ m- V$ B& f 75. Refusal to rent: k) w# i) p8 _# W) n
76. National consumers’ boycott. U4 s) R6 i9 s8 I1 q/ O
77. International consumers’ boycott
9 s3 v+ J r8 u8 X0 C4 [) [$ Z% n4 Q/ g( R. Q4 @
Action by Workers and Producers
7 q: Y1 _9 g: S5 j, M* i 78. Workmen’s boycott
; d R6 O+ V2 m0 C 79. Producers’ boycott( H( }5 M6 I& A/ n) ~( Q# h' e3 \
" D3 d' r, e" w, I& u q9 H; p3 c
Action by Middlemen2 S0 Q4 T5 B% m0 V" p1 i" m( ~6 Z
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( l( v- `' ?' O/ G
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Action by Owners and Management7 Y( y. L/ t1 s' m9 h3 F+ _
81. Traders’ boycott
: x8 s1 }9 Q3 P% T 82. Refusal to let or sell property
% Q, e2 Z* h( a3 n 83. Lockout: m) h2 L' p3 ]5 l4 x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance) S1 F" c, k! ~7 `# \5 @0 ^$ A
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. R h/ B) h/ S7 e J Y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! q2 W' [, V! k. L3 y6 G
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- x, F& f- ]& G5 ]9 j 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest% p3 W4 Y3 T `2 m
89. Severance of funds and credit" c: n* Q n& ~
90. Revenue refusal7 ^2 f$ S9 |! _9 p' ^2 K7 s( \5 z
91. Refusal of a government’s money7 e- q0 \( ^+ i. }/ P. l+ y
% j* Q3 S: Q) Z7 @; GAction by Governments
3 Y1 S' ]/ i5 z# Y 92. Domestic embargo e* z9 I, K) R2 B4 O7 h
93. Blacklisting of traders
5 N9 a! Q5 I9 P' b) G1 A& `4 P6 r2 s+ R 94. International sellers’ embargo. R/ [7 s9 s" e \( b- B X
95. International buyers’ embargo, G, a2 m4 E8 d2 C2 f+ [3 H1 [- B
96. International trade embargo9 G+ m( i* ]" t& m
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7 A {1 i V8 h# G! KTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ [6 P: R8 w1 c
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0 z: Y+ f& d% C# z% X" pSymbolic Strikes2 L+ H4 l$ l9 b
97. Protest strike' ]! _5 ~( }6 R5 v% ]
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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5 U* n# o1 C: r i, _7 AAgricultural Strikes
8 ?5 C$ I C' Q8 H! G; o; D7 ^* [ 99. Peasant strike; ~7 c/ L6 X0 ~. `, e; ?7 d
100. Farm Workers’ strike- X3 C) Y G% @( Q2 r; ^
* S) l( y$ d/ Y. \- bStrikes by Special Groups% T: i3 \, l" o* y0 I
101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 h; T) J7 ` H3 r l 102. Prisoners’ strike" v& Y2 x# X! X3 e
103. Craft strike
. V1 n! n& k$ K5 | 104. Professional strike
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 Z3 S: v( A' [9 w8 [" K; b4 l1 \
105. Establishment strike. U! ^3 @8 X% S! c& Z7 F9 T
106. Industry strike
6 g! Z5 N5 V$ q2 Q- x( v# X5 O" U 107. Sympathetic strike* I" e( F. q' l l% C
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Restricted Strikes
% d" s1 {+ Z S6 z d# _; c3 z 108. Detailed strike
3 ^& ?" i7 v# h/ n" m2 o 109. Bumper strike
" G5 J) t; w7 N5 e1 }! m# O 110. Slowdown strike' K6 M9 x! P( y3 x! S& S
111. Working-to-rule strike& Q4 b6 }" O- _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), q) t7 y/ {3 F! _7 L0 H/ x: m
113. Strike by resignation
3 A4 ?/ N, S5 U0 h. q- q 114. Limited strike
, o1 k- r( e i c5 E" M0 E 115. Selective strike/ b6 M8 s2 `& _- C; n
M6 h- F- j+ s* h3 w8 Q* m# R2 f
Multi-Industry Strikes
: x" ^' }( a0 \" f
6 T4 F5 h* [& H& G l% z" O 116. Generalized strike: F) e& x* E- X! }& ^4 _5 B
1 L/ f* q0 i( d6 [ 117. General strike
2 R( T, l: Z8 }& n' K, f- y
% w7 x3 Z$ X. u% F4 y3 o+ J! V1 wCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 v7 Y" [. j6 {- O R _
3 o$ x/ p+ D+ L0 ?: c 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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# m& P8 C: Y& \# I2 PTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" c1 V+ J' u( e* E
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Rejection of Authority
4 C, O% G0 b* S: D& D 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ c, S0 i6 H+ B: o
121. Refusal of public support4 k% h) p$ Q% J8 B3 f, B! }) i
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
# K g2 I; l i: g% d! f6 S
8 z0 B8 l: C" p2 U g! SCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" X7 I d6 F/ X! m: j0 o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 e5 l( ~% s9 Q1 r$ }3 a
124. Boycott of elections
) }6 S; L5 A, [. `9 p$ h& d" i 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ M- F. f7 W2 F- K. b: N 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% I8 `6 s* d: f
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
/ h7 q& c' M3 A& y/ |' [ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations) K0 M: @! V* W" l9 p
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents4 N+ @' O* E+ J" A
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! {3 v/ v; e6 n4 ~$ x/ {
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 s( f( j, I e( E3 [ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 ]. ^3 Z2 X; Z' I
& ~- M) m* k+ z4 D0 t. d! l7 m1 pCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) M9 O8 q5 L5 D+ x& Y( b
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ @$ S. K2 { ~1 V) s
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 p- M( `' s9 s: w! v
135. Popular nonobedience
4 q6 p; e) }5 @3 O# P 136. Disguised disobedience
1 X. f5 t4 u1 ^" B b 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 H; J' \* [3 D3 j; v% V
138. Sitdown
/ I! [5 R* `5 H$ @; `5 F 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ H5 `9 H; Y7 D$ w# d 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities A9 [8 \9 X# M
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 ~% m+ E$ F/ @7 ^
5 i7 a, O4 w7 a; ]( GAction by Government Personnel1 ^& N( p5 G0 @! d7 {# N( j
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 ]0 @) t5 m u3 v1 d 143. Blocking of lines of command and information- {, p- R* C3 C/ D
144. Stalling and obstruction" ?, k# @2 R* W
145. General administrative noncooperation4 C( H6 J9 o9 E% k2 q
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146. Judicial noncooperation& F' t; r3 G8 Q# y! a ]
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# z. @ r; L/ r8 P f 148. Mutiny
1 y9 C) P0 c& k% xDomestic Governmental Action
( x, r$ u' H2 I- B 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 P' }# M" M( c% r 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 `( q+ v z; `% [
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International Governmental Action
/ }2 \) L- g2 d5 G) N1 z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations, S6 u! n g$ y- G2 F, y2 ?* W' e
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 {- M% ^7 r3 I% M 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ c( G0 @ @( k5 \! r: l! c 154. Severance of diplomatic relations# a) z8 O: g9 Z) P/ P+ M a" K) S/ J* t' F
155. Withdrawal from international organizations. U0 z6 a' A: X+ h) H
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; O! x- {+ O- \' d- K q
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! x' W/ j, Y! L* B6 O2 r2 x: G: j
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Psychological Intervention
& Y4 g. Y% h: H 158. Self-exposure to the elements7 s. F. Z1 ^! }. d
159. The fast
7 c5 X' K I' ]9 u( P a) Fast of moral pressure
6 d1 l7 E; _' J, o9 H b) Hunger strike I: N$ W7 R# z/ \
c) Satyagrahic fast9 _1 e) p% X. ?7 r' S- H7 N' j) c
160. Reverse trial
: H$ ]/ a3 R$ @, R( z 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention# L y! e6 Z9 W0 v% n+ {
162. Sit-in4 Z1 r2 x2 f# f6 H/ [
163. Stand-in1 m* {( Z9 [ G# t1 |; K
164. Ride-in
( _. s# F" `, B5 f7 h' F1 ^ 165. Wade-in
9 i: R, u, ]4 | 166. Mill-in
7 @" ^9 i" t% i0 z* V" e9 y4 O 167. Pray-in
' s. l( t3 O" D/ p 168. Nonviolent raids, z8 i6 R. K) V7 f6 U
169. Nonviolent air raids
( b5 P; T* }5 e- ] 170. Nonviolent invasion- O0 X$ c: p& R
171. Nonviolent interjection
5 ^ Z/ l/ S1 x; m, @ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ u" `. }7 q" j; a. N' i 173. Nonviolent occupation
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g7 u+ e. w4 I0 v! ySocial Intervention M8 s3 b, p3 i R
174. Establishing new social patterns& V& w& W9 i" l9 V' }3 |
175. Overloading of facilities
1 Z# s+ _' m$ e 176. Stall-in
2 ^1 J; Y7 D; _4 Q 177. Speak-in
/ y( H9 k! {4 r/ B" v, M 178. Guerrilla theater! G( E& q8 C- F# W* u& u0 P
179. Alternative social institutions, x' J+ @) y- t: J5 T! ^- Q
180. Alternative communication system( {0 k! k- f( k2 v
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Economic Intervention
; w p5 g, G* L# K 181. Reverse strike
+ d1 V$ O# ^0 d& W; P 182. Stay-in strike
; m1 u6 d) d4 D2 a! d) ] 183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 N+ Z' t7 z) C9 ^5 u9 M 184. Defiance of blockades2 L% H) k$ m9 B$ U5 T' Y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 U$ c- e5 j7 r9 Y, x/ f8 _
186. Preclusive purchasing$ s d Y$ c r% v% @' U* M
187. Seizure of assets* F/ }+ V$ x8 i. Y. P
188. Dumping
6 y% C1 V% b5 b3 Y7 Q2 L7 G! d 189. Selective patronage+ S; l# ~! B0 C) g& B
190. Alternative markets
8 o$ @' Y5 i) L! u 191. Alternative transportation systems( m/ _6 c- n; z$ B! i3 ^
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention+ B- I$ {/ M" E8 v
193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 n. q+ J# j5 q( ^ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' O. s& o' h9 o
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 y/ U: p2 o3 t) `- ^ v2 Y% I4 a 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 r- n3 `: {% k3 b 197. Work-on without collaboration7 i- q6 I: _4 V7 ?# R( \4 @7 G
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( N4 A- c! _( e# G* j/ p3 o
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
