 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 Q( O: j0 _( c$ D
Formal Statements
/ g( s2 t# M8 d* G! h) o 1. Public Speeches0 _1 Y+ ]2 q$ T
2. Letters of opposition or support
: Z- z) w9 M( c) w! j# y# r8 y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; u* [ z- X, S. ^8 d, c# t
4. Signed public statements
5 J3 g1 R w/ X1 |; C2 G! U 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 F. }3 y. g6 ?/ W 6. Group or mass petitions
$ d; k+ {' @7 U: s" Z8 x- [( x& T f0 _
Communications with a Wider Audience
! ~2 w4 ?0 ~5 p7 \1 t) l 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
P4 A* E$ C2 E- n2 g# w 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
g1 S \2 K/ n, e, n 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
. K% f4 l' V- b. u 10. Newspapers and journals, O: C1 ]& U& f% n
11. Records, radio, and television- Z' l Y+ ]0 N) k. z
12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ n" o1 k% s) b' }* \! ]
$ E$ v2 v$ n, [. V. D+ n% o) x
Group Representations) |- f2 M1 {$ h7 @ O6 O+ x
13. Deputations+ |% {5 q) x) E+ G8 D. C( e
14. Mock awards I3 P0 U+ L2 c; G
15. Group lobbying
, U+ V) V1 Z6 N4 t, a. J8 o 16. Picketing
4 Z; a- C/ H0 p9 N+ Y; `0 }' ? 17. Mock elections m8 p* n4 W6 H9 G0 S K4 {% B
7 u. |# \2 x a& [$ mSymbolic Public Acts! r2 O; X' e2 r; A5 g* C5 k
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ W2 [" U( @0 x7 |4 p; U& l7 \ 19. Wearing of symbols s$ ?( U1 I0 [! R1 b2 _
20. Prayer and worship
" X0 I+ h: X4 A! Z" u$ x7 ~7 {1 O 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 [5 t! \# v' H r1 ] 22. Protest disrobings
, E4 H/ P& _! k: G( @ 23. Destruction of own property
% @3 d# H1 b% ]6 u m 24. Symbolic lights- W5 E& i$ K3 i9 _
25. Displays of portraits8 \; Z) H1 k( ~! {" t
26. Paint as protest
+ ], I1 K. s+ l p6 ?9 H! f& n 27. New signs and names" V2 \3 ~# G* r9 F, r: P+ o4 q
28. Symbolic sounds
. D5 L+ ]2 j+ B8 B 29. Symbolic reclamations
6 C$ r! b: e9 H+ @ 30. Rude gestures
$ u* J, D4 S! t `( @/ J9 l4 J: \8 q3 t+ R0 A. j
Pressures on Individuals5 \8 M' l7 ]! j( M; v& T: O
31. “Haunting” officials- y! q9 L) q5 U2 W) j
32. Taunting officials) }- ^, n. e+ g P
33. Fraternization
" }3 }$ b$ S) l; r 34. Vigils
! S) `; f- `& ^+ ^5 U/ h! T! e/ }# H- ]7 J6 W
Drama and Music
; E/ |4 P( Y I$ R! K 35. Humorous skits and pranks% z" }+ }0 s% w0 A
36. Performances of plays and music2 u; L' @7 O: u1 J( I9 C1 x
37. Singing m4 b/ x8 O% b& m) ]
% A4 C* V0 y3 `9 O8 J$ d& A
Processions( A5 ]9 f' H: Y0 K3 [
38. Marches
# \; Q8 d3 x2 R 39. Parades, d$ W# e+ [# y
40. Religious processions
* B7 J1 Q7 h4 I; Q7 X/ G. U 41. Pilgrimages* R8 X& ?3 u3 v U, z# U
42. Motorcades
2 e: j1 v4 a3 ?0 Z8 d
1 g# q8 P6 X8 \2 k' R8 ZHonoring the Dead
1 N5 Z$ I1 j1 _6 u! ] 43. Political mourning
9 }' ]) ]1 {- R1 ]' S+ X/ J l 44. Mock funerals6 G, q: G' q4 C; }
45. Demonstrative funerals
( x! M8 R5 G1 n/ D 46. Homage at burial places
H5 Y5 T1 }3 s; k; U+ d! }+ R: w" g3 d
Public Assemblies
+ V, @2 E* C& O' @. w, S 47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 |3 k# h8 R9 V9 { l 48. Protest meetings
0 G3 d. u0 Z5 j* {( n& \" `( I 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" D. p6 k8 Z& h& X2 z5 S' y 50. Teach-ins. v ?) K; m/ T B0 i
1 k f" M" d/ p( Y. _# a
Withdrawal and Renunciation; V5 `$ Q9 j8 R7 k% v% ^: @+ [4 f
51. Walk-outs2 I3 ?0 @0 L1 b9 A! I ]/ I9 k* K% @
52. Silence
, d9 h0 `" C" S1 D 53. Renouncing honors
: _3 J3 P$ f. y8 |$ s/ t3 h 54. Turning one’s back; ]+ k( s$ y4 O% M/ I
$ [) H3 P1 A; e$ I$ d$ c4 U9 M
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& A5 p9 y% {; y2 BTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 B4 [1 L9 H, u- k ) {2 }8 V" k5 r& H. a1 g6 h
T' v$ O$ P& K i, @- h6 q
Ostracism of Persons6 _2 Y3 B7 ~& o0 Q o& x
55. Social boycott: M$ C& R0 R4 @* j2 A& b
56. Selective social boycott# x& J- ?; f: R) z
57. Lysistratic nonaction0 f" m7 R) j6 L3 {
58. Excommunication. Z* T1 ~% [# V) f6 z: F
59. Interdict& l5 B( n( j9 f
5 I1 r5 k' u; z- Y, ?. k- _
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& P" O9 ]8 @ w# Q+ P
60. Suspension of social and sports activities ]8 |, A3 `1 i
61. Boycott of social affairs' I3 E, A2 `7 I$ A8 i% A
62. Student strike
; M) b v! w) b7 Z 63. Social disobedience5 M- J5 ^' J4 y# Z1 T" S
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 U; b5 r; u0 l4 e
9 a: K/ }9 o$ ]' R/ `7 z- TWithdrawal from the Social System# s$ h9 J, \9 |& I6 r: v
65. Stay-at-home
' p5 ~/ F; u( m' O; o 66. Total personal noncooperation
/ T5 f) Z) _5 F( d( k 67. “Flight” of workers
) T1 S2 I/ @! L9 h 68. Sanctuary
( O2 P3 e* r# j. F2 \1 T 69. Collective disappearance1 ]! r/ M6 T6 f: o0 O
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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2 W; A* d @& p7 o0 h( Y! ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; e6 Z8 ^- n- M. [6 n) s' U* N- w9 D. R/ u$ I* G( h0 @
- U8 H; N# s% z, VActions by Consumers3 |0 M" w. H. [( H. r6 e; J
71. Consumers’ boycott C* V6 U% E$ G0 b+ ]
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods h# D5 c* X9 B9 v* L4 i
73. Policy of austerity( f3 w' j O( a2 }
74. Rent withholding9 s: D* L! h& s. |, p
75. Refusal to rent
h7 ^1 Z! s1 [- E M1 Y 76. National consumers’ boycott
$ Z, B! L6 h2 y7 M) a# J 77. International consumers’ boycott# ]* a8 l- |0 T
2 ^4 H) i! F; k7 ?# @
Action by Workers and Producers
$ {0 G& o% Z, I; l. Z& }8 O 78. Workmen’s boycott
* a9 Y8 X2 F1 v6 _$ F; @ 79. Producers’ boycott+ c, Y9 d. c3 j
: A- n' j' J: Y- w% oAction by Middlemen$ l7 j' J) v2 d
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 ^& f2 m, Q: n$ o# J) A. e% x* H, S2 s8 o* f7 X
Action by Owners and Management8 y; e$ \" X8 N# i/ }) ]: S
81. Traders’ boycott3 l: z6 R c8 K# F( b. `+ W
82. Refusal to let or sell property1 N+ U. f6 A/ N
83. Lockout* l, e6 T% P; H) E
84. Refusal of industrial assistance) x' Y4 |. L7 t+ ~) _1 n6 y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources/ K* e% S! q5 r& J4 i3 W6 Z' | y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 \! P. e) j1 W% h/ w3 L: K
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 q0 N8 y' A( I9 s4 L1 J) Q 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 u9 `8 t6 w1 m5 l0 U1 h: A$ b- P
89. Severance of funds and credit: r0 m8 E* [# z% [& c
90. Revenue refusal
8 q; }; n5 ^( Y' c& I9 j 91. Refusal of a government’s money. v( w$ A; ^$ M( V/ M
: S; C* V1 k& W2 h" w. yAction by Governments
5 Z2 `' a; h/ H9 H/ I0 Y+ w: q 92. Domestic embargo
# R6 k2 Y5 Z: Q; a9 E! M; _ 93. Blacklisting of traders
7 \9 r+ C" j( M% p+ ^7 x2 v 94. International sellers’ embargo
K% Y, H1 C' J1 y 95. International buyers’ embargo
& x# @5 q: C* ]; U6 D" m 96. International trade embargo# Z) I3 n" [! p) q. a9 K
1 C5 {/ H0 ~2 {2 g9 D2 a' r ; Y3 p; J# [1 y( w% C& ^
5 k: ]- P% A" ^8 f/ A8 _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 M+ Y1 g2 Z, U4 }0 A) O" z' ^. |9 W: _# T" j0 \
5 ?1 ]& p R9 K$ x: WSymbolic Strikes, F4 ?, M! u/ }7 l1 e
97. Protest strike- O1 o C; \- j( d P
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% M" d" ]/ v& N( P9 @
$ Y3 _% d! w) C- oAgricultural Strikes
( a7 }& E. n+ }# t 99. Peasant strike
: O, G* S" I. u 100. Farm Workers’ strike
9 w7 i3 O; O" h5 c) ]$ a U- H& P
' N+ [$ L& g9 l, O( [, @0 {. mStrikes by Special Groups8 M( L" K& c L* K$ _
101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ N Z' j1 f5 o 102. Prisoners’ strike; o3 ]+ w6 S8 r9 z9 O
103. Craft strike
, I# d3 [- Q2 a: d% @* f 104. Professional strike
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% T2 w9 S0 C I; @3 [Ordinary Industrial Strikes u8 ]7 ~, t: l$ m5 C6 k
105. Establishment strike( m8 b( Z; O, t( R7 s! s& i0 l& }
106. Industry strike( G) l2 d" u& h; e- T
107. Sympathetic strike, ` l, e- N% D/ G$ |# t$ o5 y
& X% M& E3 }) sRestricted Strikes
* P* ~. s; ~: h' _' n1 K: v" E 108. Detailed strike
2 \! l) E9 d4 E* v7 L7 e9 r+ R/ P 109. Bumper strike3 g6 r$ k: ~) e6 V) i; S2 Q
110. Slowdown strike6 N0 F8 a- ]; l
111. Working-to-rule strike( ?2 @5 k- J- E* j
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 J: c: x9 A- _7 c9 g, Y0 ^ 113. Strike by resignation- v; D- v! o- F4 V) r4 h
114. Limited strike. x) u9 v0 M& l+ c& X
115. Selective strike
0 v0 b4 K. t. b6 J) k1 F6 e% i3 Y% K0 d
Multi-Industry Strikes4 F& D% Z B9 {9 r: w
* s# e/ c# ^' b# G7 L3 x# h 116. Generalized strike
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$ f9 u! Z d' x9 _3 g- Q$ A 117. General strike* k' S" T2 U4 W2 E
$ z. F4 G& p& o5 I2 P% {7 g# r7 g
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
& p& M& K4 ]$ H' q7 F V
6 H* @6 _* i3 J, S 118. Hartal6 C4 h4 {3 T K# h! Y
2 Y7 J' l1 t$ ^' ^/ w& {4 f
119. Economic shutdown
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4 S3 G9 n2 n3 q1 h& z$ tTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ ~; v" N0 p/ \' R3 p( uRejection of Authority
6 }2 q' v7 g/ ?/ g 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 \5 y1 S8 p. G$ K 121. Refusal of public support& {; A, m2 g. ^6 I: y% y: V
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: Z* D; i. x c0 X D# t$ X8 x* ?& C
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 n: c3 k7 t+ F9 R4 V, C
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ m0 K6 ~; A S N 124. Boycott of elections+ k. l8 S0 Y7 m" r1 W' y9 _- U& T
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 {5 l7 ^+ ?+ d 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 Y. i; } m6 u9 h R; [ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 A3 W& ]7 [: ]1 ]# n( s8 v2 k 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 V) A, _5 u2 X! \7 R 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% P( d: i/ u/ D7 `& D$ j
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 [' ^. \6 _6 H' F5 H
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. m4 A- V3 J1 k( A5 J
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 L! o1 G2 I/ B+ f9 r
5 \7 p2 o c! w8 x9 I* fCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: c H$ f* j# ~3 L# @& q 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 B2 i! l& G1 I( @$ a 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 V9 W! ^5 ~# @. I; F9 K) r5 ?7 z 135. Popular nonobedience
; N) I" `7 y9 D$ c7 G 136. Disguised disobedience- R8 B! Z' m2 z! x4 }4 f% ~6 K: [
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. G( M8 g# W% T6 G6 i; t& W8 ^6 @ 138. Sitdown
7 k9 \: q$ o1 d- W- U0 w% ~* X' K0 b; O 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# }+ r5 b4 ]2 W0 _4 @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" r: t# l2 O' E, |" y) _ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 q- w. d$ V" f2 s
1 p2 K3 ]$ F) k I, _- _Action by Government Personnel( r( O* \0 O2 J* e/ O4 }0 B
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 G7 J' R" w2 N# c# P/ v
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! V9 G& A Y" S& Z( e3 n+ V
144. Stalling and obstruction% _. h( i! Q* Z* c6 e3 Z
145. General administrative noncooperation
; g0 u+ w1 v5 ^! R9 M! @
2 k$ {4 y/ L0 |; B1 z+ m 146. Judicial noncooperation
" I* Q3 }/ E# u* L: f 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: g; t; l& O ]. {2 y
148. Mutiny S9 R* `$ ~: o6 _$ c3 e! l! e
Domestic Governmental Action3 J$ M- K. ]. d1 V+ p0 |" r
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# n- [6 A: I% u7 q( b; {7 F- x
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ B5 C* o( u5 U: Z3 u5 y
+ U& p2 E$ ]+ cInternational Governmental Action3 V$ }" Z6 X L0 \9 t
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 A/ K3 I* h; i5 W0 R) K# u: V
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 G7 B! i! v1 F2 p0 j0 M
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 e. ?" X+ V7 p$ E5 g$ z
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 j8 [' H4 o" V+ |- z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 K' @. c5 T% Q$ `+ i 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 L( f. u# j! L2 d# |9 y8 f
157. Expulsion from international organizations
' _0 t3 Y0 j( ?2 l7 E( ^, U( S
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T" y( r$ i% A w
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION; Z( k* c+ ]: N: A' z D! l: \0 F
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Psychological Intervention
7 Q b' O& F1 p, j C q 158. Self-exposure to the elements0 {! Y( y9 L" Q7 L" b% S; h
159. The fast& {& t: S/ \6 _) Z9 T0 S
a) Fast of moral pressure
! @: t% f1 l. r, L1 s7 Q; k b) Hunger strike
6 q! p5 V q6 U4 O c) Satyagrahic fast& C! ?! X( {0 F4 K! o2 v
160. Reverse trial; y$ P* ~* i8 a" R" T
161. Nonviolent harassment* [; _' \6 r8 k% m m, _9 W- J, }
m7 ^1 ^# ^" o8 c. pPhysical Intervention
5 W8 Z( }$ B* r- x 162. Sit-in
" E) b( R) I0 } W% W 163. Stand-in
2 S3 p) r6 i4 h8 H/ V" e; o& d 164. Ride-in
) {; m/ F$ }' A& X% U: Y7 o 165. Wade-in
+ w" K$ b4 Q, u' @$ S. S3 _: y3 G 166. Mill-in
C9 Z/ w# H. f7 _* l 167. Pray-in, r! A- h4 i. X# M
168. Nonviolent raids
5 {- ~0 l: H% Q 169. Nonviolent air raids
. Y7 W, r" P+ d. f& Z" f 170. Nonviolent invasion
1 G6 T, N( V* ` 171. Nonviolent interjection3 E2 H8 M0 M4 N) i- p6 v; c V
172. Nonviolent obstruction
* N- v$ }1 b: `8 S3 K! | 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
+ _ ~6 |; R! L3 h' i( ^ 174. Establishing new social patterns
+ V& C. g( r% Q! P+ I 175. Overloading of facilities
3 h% j* |$ x' O7 v1 E 176. Stall-in
, l' K2 w% V: h% Y6 u7 \% ~ 177. Speak-in- x( b) h2 A+ P+ n' M) N$ G) N
178. Guerrilla theater
$ ~, {3 S9 Q& ?: s 179. Alternative social institutions
, \9 M5 i: M9 e+ |7 W 180. Alternative communication system. Z* M' `! `6 q
' a) H! {3 C; `3 M1 }/ sEconomic Intervention; N2 I' Z4 e+ F( M6 ?' G
181. Reverse strike7 Z# J# S! C: E; s x% S" ^
182. Stay-in strike
% d8 C7 v( o0 @' N- ]5 s# J 183. Nonviolent land seizure- z7 z4 ~0 E6 q9 F
184. Defiance of blockades* ?% b V4 a% ?+ D1 _
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
1 G+ z7 i6 a; a) w: @5 Q' D 186. Preclusive purchasing
) e) p* t/ w! J 187. Seizure of assets5 n2 N( Z G. l& a
188. Dumping
& A- W7 G; C% O! ]! i. O" f r 189. Selective patronage
. b; V7 {7 _$ i0 ]4 q 190. Alternative markets
& p- Y: q0 E* T, C9 m7 V6 x 191. Alternative transportation systems9 X! j7 D* N1 j0 f9 P: E
192. Alternative economic institutions) _, L6 ]* ?. d _+ d$ t: D5 c
" j; a: X! B7 b4 a* d6 p$ r
Political Intervention& f7 ]9 r5 K$ b0 y+ q3 A
193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 ~0 L+ S4 m* N0 k4 ?) j6 d 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 o. V" f& g' w# S( u7 g 195. Seeking imprisonment
' ~& a! U: R! i9 J- ?; Q( k 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 E' K9 {8 } z$ ^3 {9 ~ 197. Work-on without collaboration# B0 |' ]( D; s, p
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
