 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: T. X* g6 q/ U2 s0 Y0 G4 {' Z% r" W P
Formal Statements l" o$ a6 s) ] b$ h/ i0 l' q
1. Public Speeches
5 a% W) n0 }2 V7 T5 v2 ?9 b 2. Letters of opposition or support
- z4 E( i+ F' v: X" y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, S1 k: a/ F+ O1 F. z 4. Signed public statements* Z! J" x3 |: U7 h7 E
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
* ~5 W% k. N( U' i6 v0 }9 S' K 6. Group or mass petitions. W7 k2 N8 M' g" j+ P: e' R
0 |6 H$ e; T$ T/ b
Communications with a Wider Audience
1 J" }0 [5 `: ~- W1 H. o1 L 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 t: B J* `4 [: D& P 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 a! z% d+ q) D8 r& ~& H 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 ^7 X( h {3 P; z4 j
10. Newspapers and journals4 L( t9 U$ x \1 q" X1 t c
11. Records, radio, and television4 G; G. ~+ N! z) U' o; A! x, w# \: X
12. Skywriting and earthwriting- r/ Q. \+ q0 j) _6 L3 P& S6 Y
8 }( o. x! \3 S. a7 kGroup Representations7 v& r+ I7 u b6 h( U; C2 l
13. Deputations
% e, t8 Z: s% J$ ^! I$ j. b! M 14. Mock awards
1 k+ m0 o8 _. ]4 l7 q. M 15. Group lobbying6 s6 ?- Y3 S& r; ^, j9 b0 |& k6 F
16. Picketing
8 u! e% E0 g/ n% e+ c$ H4 l/ O! L 17. Mock elections9 e2 s6 v: q1 S: Z6 \! {
0 I( z8 W( l: S2 f& @
Symbolic Public Acts; I) Y" N, e9 }, v* D
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" _' D7 @! b2 L. V! B1 E
19. Wearing of symbols
+ b9 i7 a2 L. A: g3 ~ 20. Prayer and worship
9 G" G0 f+ A4 M) L 21. Delivering symbolic objects" n) G: [7 g7 y
22. Protest disrobings3 D" o' r7 R& Z
23. Destruction of own property
D) |1 D9 B" o 24. Symbolic lights
: H) o* W8 K7 U6 h! E 25. Displays of portraits
7 A1 M. I* B" O! S' C9 z7 Q 26. Paint as protest
8 I. @8 \7 {* Q) J j" u 27. New signs and names. F' j3 W' l9 E3 t t
28. Symbolic sounds) f4 |% Z% n' f. m Z
29. Symbolic reclamations8 f$ U8 m+ O, U9 _1 D0 H$ A. H, \% E
30. Rude gestures7 }) K, o; |# F- W4 ?5 e& Q& c
# l+ c8 o" z8 J' ]3 i0 D' c
Pressures on Individuals# I% x4 w* _9 s4 H4 o7 f; A& f- q
31. “Haunting” officials- O( ?; m. e& n7 b
32. Taunting officials
0 r# ?- h% w) P& ~ 33. Fraternization3 b3 c S3 u9 y6 c1 p) P# H9 y
34. Vigils( _7 R, T' s: T" B [6 G; t
6 c' \9 `5 n. O) D# G+ Y9 vDrama and Music0 R f! m# Q7 r! x X; w2 L
35. Humorous skits and pranks; R! ]8 C' ~9 O; A
36. Performances of plays and music( a; k4 W ^. V+ F, c1 `8 c& ]
37. Singing9 [0 r9 O: Y z; ~# b. ~, b
- r7 G- D! k/ T1 {3 Y
Processions2 p. O& N1 W3 Q" _: I7 v4 X
38. Marches
& ~; O( w2 m1 D( B* Q 39. Parades1 a' G' E, n( V! q' q2 R5 t
40. Religious processions
- P# A) v! M: s* N9 G k$ J$ H, o5 y 41. Pilgrimages; C# E! O- K0 E: u9 B/ {. K/ w+ T0 J
42. Motorcades4 _( {1 Z7 V7 K. z- q4 H
+ {3 ]1 i, `6 B9 V& I, q5 N6 N, i
Honoring the Dead; H9 S g1 k1 f" Q' I' R
43. Political mourning
. q1 T( W) ~; C: W2 F 44. Mock funerals
! w+ q$ R2 D# a. F4 A3 Y/ a5 i 45. Demonstrative funerals
% h$ c: w4 l, b6 z 46. Homage at burial places F$ h1 `1 ]4 U
0 m l9 D- u& I6 N0 w8 p0 Z5 e- w
Public Assemblies
5 G& J7 @$ ]& J; u: F4 F6 q 47. Assemblies of protest or support. S' d& }, O/ O( Z i* C3 C: g/ J i
48. Protest meetings+ V$ F8 n% D9 H+ }
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest. [' m2 D/ @+ }3 p
50. Teach-ins( D1 b! [4 t, Z4 b4 j5 [
" t6 @/ C9 S: hWithdrawal and Renunciation0 J* |* i0 I! ~2 M. F0 n% x
51. Walk-outs1 K( _* b2 @( `3 Q; J
52. Silence/ n! s8 N/ S. E& E% a, Z* x
53. Renouncing honors' F& ]9 {, {/ ~5 l* ^' ?+ g; v( b
54. Turning one’s back: G+ p( M& v6 D3 R
# a+ n! i2 `0 n5 Y" {* z
3 x6 e$ x; Q4 Q8 z% H3 S1 [' R
' }3 H: P, T8 z$ g/ x9 G# ~) UTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 J: ~6 f. U8 }; G8 t; B- k3 \8 [1 g& M7 |+ k" s# [* \6 U* h; D
Ostracism of Persons
. a- [2 \, q' I9 W6 h) p 55. Social boycott: t* ?+ [0 Y- F+ \0 N. B& t, z
56. Selective social boycott
) I1 P5 B* X$ k+ | 57. Lysistratic nonaction
# O2 x# N6 t9 I. A$ ?4 v6 { 58. Excommunication1 {" W7 T' O, w1 w0 a
59. Interdict+ ]; D% M- T @% i' a m
7 Y/ L: B) v; |1 j3 q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 r' x2 j. I0 g: L0 x, G1 w
60. Suspension of social and sports activities% ~3 K( K8 t% S8 ?1 u
61. Boycott of social affairs4 M9 Z, K1 y- c g1 C" [
62. Student strike
* L! E0 A. B! g4 c, |7 W$ t 63. Social disobedience
) }1 R: K2 J" N0 ^ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 e" v( R( t7 K3 N9 e9 w) D6 ^4 {7 j( Z( y$ h4 [
Withdrawal from the Social System O+ m, N1 N- T0 |
65. Stay-at-home
+ v% Y9 ~8 ~$ U. k E 66. Total personal noncooperation% ~6 L2 C8 K- Z7 @# M9 Y8 o& P: ?5 B: }3 p
67. “Flight” of workers
! ^3 A2 t8 d! C; c( B: y1 } 68. Sanctuary2 F& x# J V! D& J0 n9 E! {
69. Collective disappearance8 i3 @7 k$ _2 W1 n3 j
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
/ G: F; ]: R$ k6 R3 T$ l1 W
# C6 z9 _9 S% w: Z( w 6 x5 F0 q/ y5 T/ j
1 A3 t! m& _) O0 j$ o% b$ D; ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
$ A' Q5 I* z2 `2 o& }% N) r! u" N7 U- C$ U/ x4 k0 H
$ c6 w$ X0 S$ V8 ^8 \
Actions by Consumers
& a# x6 K4 s+ ] 71. Consumers’ boycott
$ G$ a; v3 X ] 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ Y$ z$ v) |" |0 r! s 73. Policy of austerity& i6 P8 i# a9 @! O V
74. Rent withholding
* s: x7 Q7 x" J, C8 w; t( a. w 75. Refusal to rent- b& Q; [ }/ s q7 Z1 s
76. National consumers’ boycott
; Y( M6 G T B. j6 ~7 G- I1 F; B: ^! b 77. International consumers’ boycott
; r K+ U1 ^) Q5 K) k2 y2 }* k3 P/ U) R; y+ L
Action by Workers and Producers
" s2 t$ G [/ V) c. j 78. Workmen’s boycott3 x7 }1 u8 I0 z) c$ ]
79. Producers’ boycott
' M9 H, Q) {1 a$ E. b; H1 K( ]5 u" \, g! E: F
Action by Middlemen
) E* N6 P X( O; _8 d2 U, L& c$ Q 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 S4 v, a. J5 J- v& B5 L
8 g6 n7 A- V- d2 b& |) ^Action by Owners and Management T" P7 D% k$ S0 p
81. Traders’ boycott
& L2 E& \0 t+ Y 82. Refusal to let or sell property9 S% u% n* o% |
83. Lockout
7 V9 J& }8 I9 S% F 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: w5 G, g1 B/ s) {/ o6 [. `4 } 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 c; f6 | }: X+ s2 q) m" \7 P- R4 u! g L
Action by Holders of Financial Resources' F1 \$ R& x- S# x5 o
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 M3 f& P! ^& @ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 ]+ y; C1 t9 D: T 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 l9 | E! u5 l/ J$ T 89. Severance of funds and credit+ F9 t, K( M9 c3 v3 e
90. Revenue refusal6 Q4 ?8 s3 r; |1 p: w
91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ X9 }; d& p; b3 B" R: T! I' y# @- p4 [
Action by Governments( y: U4 w( A5 b
92. Domestic embargo
7 k A7 Y4 B# s: _ 93. Blacklisting of traders6 ?2 B( b- T& }. V, `5 L" N4 t
94. International sellers’ embargo
, O6 `; |0 n, E) o* D9 ^7 c/ { R 95. International buyers’ embargo
! V4 a% M3 W6 }/ t: M 96. International trade embargo
( E5 k* e- Y' y( n% h. Z9 c: B5 z9 C5 h) n* f( e- B
. k7 }" f4 ]2 D, F
4 ?5 ~, v+ H' f1 H& V& FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( T, Y# R J- l' i
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1 k5 H* K& t' g" b2 @Symbolic Strikes
: i0 P# u- F* j2 @ 97. Protest strike5 [/ m8 N+ z" M& ~! O
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)) x$ [9 l, x4 ~3 y: W( {
5 A, g, d* b) h
Agricultural Strikes
7 A5 z7 s s4 @& v& ` 99. Peasant strike3 u) I" T1 K( [
100. Farm Workers’ strike8 a& _0 V! \. t) W
1 n! p. b8 f$ a3 [Strikes by Special Groups$ C3 h7 @1 h6 L6 l/ V! B
101. Refusal of impressed labor
" ~9 n. o2 q+ l9 |- Y 102. Prisoners’ strike# e/ f* q( T1 p$ u3 |6 q: I+ f
103. Craft strike
5 n! T. ?1 @2 g2 G5 q 104. Professional strike
3 L* N6 M1 C* J0 G/ V9 i% b
; ?* c7 c5 \ j( J, q. LOrdinary Industrial Strikes
1 P f# b" k0 z+ } e# G 105. Establishment strike8 A: y" H1 {- H
106. Industry strike ]+ e6 g, ^7 {3 `; I1 w
107. Sympathetic strike
" _5 B4 }6 ?) J) v# |3 x' B6 D3 ]
5 J0 A1 \7 W. N0 PRestricted Strikes
( s( G( d3 v( O+ r! v; F) Y& y 108. Detailed strike+ d7 ]+ J6 {1 N+ _4 f8 \
109. Bumper strike) ^7 D& t1 a3 h/ d. y: y
110. Slowdown strike
& W$ B: R( k9 ^* M# F) j6 e; s 111. Working-to-rule strike
4 w' I+ s5 t9 S# F0 o3 }- s 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 N3 d, G7 |# E$ X1 f
113. Strike by resignation
/ F4 G/ _$ I$ v& f 114. Limited strike
1 L* O6 B; ^ N1 }+ l" M- r 115. Selective strike
" J& g* {) e2 {2 Q& n3 O
7 x) z$ {7 t* \* k! i0 kMulti-Industry Strikes I, N5 e4 p, c) F+ _8 S+ ?; z2 j
+ S! y; `/ |9 D7 U 116. Generalized strike
' {9 \8 c( J7 s
! u$ e/ @6 W% e$ A- c! y 117. General strike# j' v+ T' k3 D8 s! M! ]( N1 E7 g+ L
0 |; E* y# s: q! C3 p8 ?1 \+ g* i1 FCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 t& A* O2 E' p3 \ h
' ~# M* S5 [/ B6 `3 ?" o: @4 Q( n 118. Hartal& [ E; i6 O4 |
( i8 w, y" H# ^$ ] 119. Economic shutdown0 y. v% Y- S" c6 I$ Z# C
* s; N1 W* B/ |$ R
' L2 h* ~( ]' W4 ?
! V$ ^' m4 m8 Z! u( w9 m0 ^9 B$ m$ ?THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 W0 {% P- l$ ], B1 M7 V
7 `; h4 \6 Q. i8 N1 ]7 I
?7 @# x6 I( N @
Rejection of Authority
- ^! }8 b. g% J/ H9 ~: K. B 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 k! D% H" l, L. A! l- u3 q* ? 121. Refusal of public support
3 e! p, _ ]* M: u: j: ?- Y 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 ?8 k }! b. T) B; a( l2 u w( X% W* r) p$ T+ ?; t
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government" y- c& _1 J- ^8 M& ?0 h
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" k6 w! E& V) l) U4 b9 u: \, z 124. Boycott of elections
m+ v3 d4 Q) W8 e+ ~ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 u: a6 t- K& K1 U6 {- t, J. ~ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 e0 F( o7 H2 K+ y# J& R
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* f0 j' v: E5 x1 {# F 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 e4 f# T3 b6 n7 F 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: A0 \2 u8 W2 G" g. X$ L B# c, I 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- @! W0 ^& O' k$ N* w
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ K% T4 i% ?+ y- i3 H3 [' Z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
3 b, N4 x1 n8 e5 ]8 C
" L; O; L: l# o! J% C' l. PCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ M1 _8 N2 B4 ~& F6 P# x! t
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 v4 C* g m6 ~6 C 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 ?8 a/ Q4 k- T5 @+ s( y9 b 135. Popular nonobedience
# F$ j& w _3 D8 H 136. Disguised disobedience% U8 w$ T0 `* Y& g- }5 p
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
0 ~) @. i/ l# J [' l! @+ A 138. Sitdown9 t# }; c8 f0 u2 M: O9 U9 c
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% t0 u- l# R) { 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities4 x$ W% }& R/ Z- Y5 i$ |& W8 [
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# x! \* \* q' p4 ~# U
/ k1 Q$ x: ?. z6 h$ BAction by Government Personnel
3 y! s. Y* \' `: U/ m, _* v 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 l$ v5 z, ]1 `7 ~+ d 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 A, T( V- c6 K0 M2 D 144. Stalling and obstruction/ J) l, o* P5 }* n$ `/ p( B
145. General administrative noncooperation
1 L4 q: ~ Q O9 H3 l3 v4 Y9 b& C! ?8 w$ ~# z9 @( Y
146. Judicial noncooperation
" H( b+ E! @5 t 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents, p: s7 _% n f1 n9 n
148. Mutiny- T9 G0 \% q+ B! d( j8 P. P" W/ N
Domestic Governmental Action
M0 w8 @9 b& I6 y/ b& ] 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( v. O( z: t4 K9 R# \$ w 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; H2 \# ~) e: R5 T+ w$ D. s) }
3 C/ `+ p8 p; c% w- b; ~7 {5 B4 GInternational Governmental Action* v( l+ r; Q2 ~" m" j
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 x9 _/ ~; ~4 p# y2 K! O" Z& x 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 L3 A1 }" |" y0 |% L 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 B" r- l" H+ g
154. Severance of diplomatic relations& n) g7 i1 J8 G+ e( f
155. Withdrawal from international organizations* }5 b k* Z( q; E' w: I/ n
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& L; N, U. Z, }0 j) H$ {# m/ W
157. Expulsion from international organizations
& ^: z# o* U3 V1 M3 b4 @( G7 X) R7 E8 V
2 [* A0 B y! d! G J& U# B4 F# A# D6 W& x; C ~: c
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- P) L o2 P) A6 J ]
; g5 S) r I1 U4 d; i" h
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Psychological Intervention5 ~! ^+ y3 M$ T1 N. W
158. Self-exposure to the elements* Z- M* E& b' l- M( Z* h7 N! B
159. The fast
# d9 _ ~& s+ Z4 A' z' y1 t5 _ a) Fast of moral pressure/ t* s1 o; k: j; R
b) Hunger strike8 N: C8 B, G" ^# L
c) Satyagrahic fast
; o5 A0 R3 z6 x" Z. E$ _8 u. t 160. Reverse trial
+ j) f8 K" H% _" ]# X5 T 161. Nonviolent harassment
9 [5 m: O: ^/ n5 U$ c( J
9 Z3 f7 V) b$ O6 A! j2 U! `Physical Intervention# _2 ?9 h* _" Z6 A; e' t2 s
162. Sit-in
) S; b2 ^8 s8 Z- _/ p 163. Stand-in. O, _2 i# X6 c* s* Q
164. Ride-in
+ D# x8 T0 i/ V( i 165. Wade-in" n# L; u/ J6 k' z, O/ [8 M
166. Mill-in
, F1 o. a$ N E 167. Pray-in
) L8 L* D* R2 f# }; H 168. Nonviolent raids1 a! ^1 x- y; a0 N! S2 V
169. Nonviolent air raids
/ f/ _/ ?0 j' k0 ?. B 170. Nonviolent invasion
) t4 r0 z7 Y7 \) U3 g- k7 b 171. Nonviolent interjection: B% _! @. b7 g" ^. `+ i
172. Nonviolent obstruction! f0 S7 i C* W; l: ~' f7 c
173. Nonviolent occupation
) P0 @3 {1 e* s) q1 n0 ~
! l5 u+ k) G/ a6 e: ~- a* jSocial Intervention* j' r2 q. O* k8 p6 i; A( _
174. Establishing new social patterns
4 r- L0 }- Q# {6 x$ B) ~ 175. Overloading of facilities
. B h) c4 Q' N1 h1 N, T 176. Stall-in
7 e' n; @$ O) D 177. Speak-in9 l3 n$ t. {3 M& L, _
178. Guerrilla theater" x( A% f2 H0 {2 }
179. Alternative social institutions+ ]1 w+ o5 z h
180. Alternative communication system L* F9 c) z0 m" Z" b) |' P
% o; O1 c- {& I8 c& bEconomic Intervention0 A7 c3 w! I) B# \
181. Reverse strike0 g4 V; N% X2 b- {8 N
182. Stay-in strike
3 ?, \# _7 j$ [ d 183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 N: f2 O' y/ t5 }3 O 184. Defiance of blockades
4 n; H! K2 ?$ H. g7 C* ` 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. ]! V. x. W2 ]. \& g* K1 `) b: o" D
186. Preclusive purchasing3 _0 K3 S, y3 P! I, o$ r, C/ U
187. Seizure of assets
' p$ O' W1 P9 \ k: ] 188. Dumping8 R. U! X. j" l& x6 l" B8 i/ b5 C
189. Selective patronage9 j$ `2 ]3 k3 @1 {2 K% {
190. Alternative markets$ C2 d+ Y% G9 m6 M/ F
191. Alternative transportation systems& Y5 U& G* o2 X8 V7 `7 Q
192. Alternative economic institutions; u& h) ?) X- M# ]% \; p9 u6 O
0 A- b! i( ^/ I- s/ z
Political Intervention8 \9 t5 S: m$ R* g# K' J; k2 r1 `
193. Overloading of administrative systems! E* _% r, \# Y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; `- k7 o7 l0 K* t( Q6 i2 q: P# U% g 195. Seeking imprisonment" P; {& X0 h4 F
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% X& N4 y2 V0 V q# ]; b# O! O
197. Work-on without collaboration
% D3 g. {5 y3 f4 q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ Y$ @6 |6 y" b& k! _1 z: x
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
