 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* ^0 k. e4 Y8 j0 e) Z ^Formal Statements
" v( _0 p7 y8 z6 q 1. Public Speeches. K M5 i6 }" D( r
2. Letters of opposition or support9 i0 S- s( X+ y+ [
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. i e0 ^2 m' c' R
4. Signed public statements$ S. J- o4 j# Q3 i2 H/ z' }* [
5. Declarations of indictment and intention" n/ k: b" \2 A4 R1 q
6. Group or mass petitions* Y3 M: [% X1 P% {0 H" @1 D: `; U3 ~
6 p/ S Y Y) r& W: CCommunications with a Wider Audience( k* P% U% ^8 O
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
/ A" ^ Y x$ f9 P: k, ]8 D 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
R8 @2 @' j2 N0 q8 @ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, E/ K* u/ B* f' t# m
10. Newspapers and journals, [# p* x; g4 @1 F2 O4 d- L
11. Records, radio, and television+ h. \& ]% U0 H$ n
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( ^# f6 k$ Q$ s, r) C" [! ~
+ @; {( p8 g3 a& @4 `% R. Q5 ZGroup Representations0 ]: F$ l4 I7 P) d
13. Deputations. a( s6 Z; q4 ?: D* c6 \
14. Mock awards
( v0 c1 a2 @0 I; C1 ` 15. Group lobbying' ?& X6 f' v) j
16. Picketing
& ]5 [2 |' M5 X0 U3 s K* p& T 17. Mock elections
9 B1 l5 p7 {. z
/ H/ x' p7 R3 W L+ qSymbolic Public Acts* {8 e& ]- E8 g% H5 m
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 R, Z# l- r3 F/ l' N
19. Wearing of symbols) ]- q A- C, X. x# l- k; O
20. Prayer and worship
9 b9 b% p2 I; N0 y$ t$ K1 F 21. Delivering symbolic objects
' A9 X( m& h+ U" A0 [; F& y 22. Protest disrobings
3 |% H2 T. y0 L" ` 23. Destruction of own property- w: [9 ^& ?1 E* M
24. Symbolic lights& @8 e; G M. `9 @/ i
25. Displays of portraits; d, D+ Y- R2 @
26. Paint as protest
! l& _9 K1 `% ^ 27. New signs and names: U2 c* z3 `) A$ |( _# _
28. Symbolic sounds4 ?* E& [$ O/ T" L+ p; a
29. Symbolic reclamations
" |( W' u: t0 W8 |- l5 _- Q) g4 A 30. Rude gestures
2 z% {' @" u* k" O: a! X* p( _8 X' f2 A9 D: T
Pressures on Individuals1 `3 X5 G/ w7 g
31. “Haunting” officials
* `% \' Y. p% v: d& ?' Y 32. Taunting officials# n$ _- W% z; }! o$ r7 T1 H
33. Fraternization
( M6 c+ ?- V: A2 p- r 34. Vigils5 X( |+ e+ V3 A: Y4 e6 S) {
0 s2 {8 r) I# {Drama and Music. @* Z3 u( _/ L {
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ @. M g! ]' \: D
36. Performances of plays and music
+ a# ?# I0 N' L5 }" d 37. Singing8 I2 ?0 [# v& n% {& K
# z$ h1 P8 \! m, L
Processions2 o- H! E5 C Y/ A
38. Marches
/ I+ W% d7 ?% q 39. Parades
% W3 J: A$ Z7 x r4 l6 Z 40. Religious processions2 D. V. ?* [. b) Z J9 d, b% }
41. Pilgrimages) R/ j6 f6 W' |" M# y7 U& ^
42. Motorcades6 g4 m5 c9 b. F
8 w- X- V1 D) a1 N+ O+ E4 \" j; A: l% JHonoring the Dead
) _+ v3 c5 m2 }+ A; X3 q 43. Political mourning' y: i- n1 p0 a/ W; d
44. Mock funerals- w1 f5 Q% }* v D- R* t
45. Demonstrative funerals
' Q. n- ^( \6 o M* s, M 46. Homage at burial places
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7 Y& H1 {: `5 R8 o- ]! NPublic Assemblies
6 y- P- S% ~: T2 ? 47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ k1 t+ m/ e" C Q7 a 48. Protest meetings# E4 F; J1 i1 x* k
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
* P2 O0 m" _8 Z& K7 d) v 50. Teach-ins
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`- ]& h$ j! m: WWithdrawal and Renunciation4 v, i$ F" L, Y
51. Walk-outs+ }- A7 D! r d1 F, t$ d9 O
52. Silence
1 V5 U! F- p# z) v. _; w0 C 53. Renouncing honors8 x! I! X# l# T5 \3 R3 w" K9 ]
54. Turning one’s back
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% c- n" L S+ H% z& Y$ l' i; vTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 C" `* G6 I! {; D7 W8 h$ n
Ostracism of Persons
' M/ ?. P/ B0 o 55. Social boycott
4 j6 H1 Q9 n+ M, p) ]* S, A 56. Selective social boycott
* R2 c8 `, W9 Q 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ y+ Q! f1 H3 h* V6 p' I 58. Excommunication+ n/ ]- I8 F( {/ |
59. Interdict6 ?) G7 K2 D D' s @1 K" m0 A
6 m* y' B |0 }9 c0 T0 p
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 C+ \5 z, E+ Q) \; u
60. Suspension of social and sports activities' M6 t6 K& `1 Z$ Z
61. Boycott of social affairs8 Y7 h3 W6 m# y3 f
62. Student strike7 C+ ?, d' J2 A
63. Social disobedience
; S& q( n" u* ]! W2 |" V3 d 64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 A ?* P, J# m) q8 w* H% g
$ c- W7 f K( Q4 _# uWithdrawal from the Social System
. V( r5 s2 Q$ e 65. Stay-at-home
6 p7 Q+ S6 d. d7 s$ V! k/ b 66. Total personal noncooperation
! i: [- p# @3 H% v9 G 67. “Flight” of workers
4 [9 C$ S% e# [# y4 T 68. Sanctuary9 R* v9 l+ v$ X" d
69. Collective disappearance$ c* _1 A7 [& D+ D! ~: |5 q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
8 }8 u" f+ C' \. O0 c. ~! F" P; m! p- a, v
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& J0 z6 T* b- R& T0 c5 ?2 _THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; h( S6 I2 k$ n& T* I* b* N
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" }' z3 a# t% l3 ^' [ v, {8 a- DActions by Consumers
0 w f: ~, t# n" K3 k% W 71. Consumers’ boycott
2 C0 X# }1 i8 G, E 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
1 W, u. r, ^- x 73. Policy of austerity5 _! F4 c f2 C& H9 C3 r
74. Rent withholding
; S; M* @ E# y2 m2 D: p9 G" @ 75. Refusal to rent
4 `0 H7 z! e8 t! t9 y% R" t. E 76. National consumers’ boycott
7 H9 E8 |% a$ E6 j: e4 S 77. International consumers’ boycott: a0 X) h& b# o! k- H+ n
: N9 k2 D" C* X b. a Q( Y+ kAction by Workers and Producers
; O( m6 w, L: K 78. Workmen’s boycott% l9 ^. l8 t( z! L& }" ]
79. Producers’ boycott. K+ n( c* B7 t. q( f( _
4 U' m9 h& k( w
Action by Middlemen; S* I A6 I. d7 S+ B
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
# n* _, z/ a8 w5 w) G 81. Traders’ boycott
/ m) K) S! E2 \4 ]0 p8 O/ Y1 C3 ` 82. Refusal to let or sell property
. B1 @0 \* l' Y! H 83. Lockout( K0 b2 [0 _! E0 p/ s0 R
84. Refusal of industrial assistance* |. S' D1 C3 k7 c. g5 k' J
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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3 q' O. j% A$ e3 b1 AAction by Holders of Financial Resources8 g" Z4 w! ?8 y' i2 E& c
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. m) K3 a3 D# w8 @- F7 D 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 J6 d/ f/ n6 p6 O/ V4 Y9 h 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
' E; \/ u" W; l 89. Severance of funds and credit. i+ i/ ^8 B9 V9 } ]" G
90. Revenue refusal
) |- p0 t# d/ _) j3 m6 j& I 91. Refusal of a government’s money. D6 P* n8 a F7 |2 b
( `- I+ n( o1 @, G+ f- eAction by Governments
8 G! @4 b5 J' S 92. Domestic embargo1 t9 D7 l: E; K; Z6 W
93. Blacklisting of traders
) Z U8 f0 c9 F& d1 k 94. International sellers’ embargo
, y0 _ @0 C6 p' L5 R- U+ n 95. International buyers’ embargo
$ c. I6 H/ ?& g 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE, B7 t+ W/ _" Y( X0 O+ I( \( `
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~, z+ j0 h& ]4 r) d- K& SSymbolic Strikes
% ~- ?. {. t. M+ v i, Q8 J$ |# t 97. Protest strike) ^# g# N- ~" t& T' G
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) _ ]8 }3 n3 u9 M8 {1 O2 @' m
/ i) H' [0 @7 Y! T, |1 r c) `3 i1 \7 D
Agricultural Strikes
- T; R2 \9 P1 v* u& E2 V7 H6 n 99. Peasant strike' ^+ r# R5 X4 C' }1 ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike
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5 w/ C3 [1 M/ y! K( ?7 i! oStrikes by Special Groups
* ~$ R- U4 a/ `/ z' h 101. Refusal of impressed labor
: B& J* T. P& o, G$ L1 B6 _3 m$ p 102. Prisoners’ strike% r/ B# j( T. @" r' s
103. Craft strike
! b7 j% Z9 l5 z7 D 104. Professional strike
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. L6 X0 \" u: oOrdinary Industrial Strikes
& z! j+ S3 z0 ~' `2 V) ]/ s, `/ y# M 105. Establishment strike' c8 }% [& j: @0 Y
106. Industry strike
+ Q* ?4 S% g+ R 107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes
! a9 ?$ T' A, B: R 108. Detailed strike( a' O y2 L6 }+ r7 L
109. Bumper strike
1 w9 C5 T% ?( q' u1 P 110. Slowdown strike
1 y/ p# b; S2 b3 \8 R 111. Working-to-rule strike, F5 t) r+ ]" s9 T$ f
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 d# \0 M, Y, o; z 113. Strike by resignation
6 g; \2 W- }- l6 e 114. Limited strike
8 A$ Q5 @/ q% { 115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike# r+ }; b7 ]0 T. x3 Z. s; \+ Q
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117. General strike5 t, D+ `* C3 v9 w) T9 i% {8 {
2 r9 K2 N3 C2 W% k2 E
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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; ^* D$ s3 l: w3 U1 L, U 118. Hartal, d+ t2 h& p0 C, Z. ?
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119. Economic shutdown
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3 }3 p6 L8 B* y& Z- CTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
$ e) `& a4 g4 h" N 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- H4 u1 ^8 {5 E" Q5 j' q% P
121. Refusal of public support
+ w& u$ s( v9 m# z+ Q4 H 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; M+ K% P+ x1 D; r' L
$ M0 m' S' V, F5 ^" \) Y% ^6 N$ _
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ w, |2 n" P: k
123. Boycott of legislative bodies. ~$ L8 A9 w( {4 V$ d6 F& l% J/ o# r
124. Boycott of elections
* x1 L% s3 Q4 D2 e& W0 v: \2 S4 S) t 125. Boycott of government employment and positions( n3 _1 _, ~1 \7 H
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, n9 F+ `: x+ P 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: z" U1 x; B+ o, ` 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- E' i% x9 I6 J, j# k 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( T* n. b5 l, u0 h8 f0 N0 n 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks, {1 Z R. I6 K: N/ g2 y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
9 Y2 K2 ?2 L. `; s6 t 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& Q4 F* x. u% ^9 z- p4 [( ?
1 B/ y3 c. {. _4 C6 X5 y. s0 i1 xCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ c' o! h& |' z( i; x' c! u 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 V$ ^% U- J/ r, g" L 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision l2 @& O; Y; w) E+ T, q0 [
135. Popular nonobedience
% ~# G# a, u5 `8 B7 `. { 136. Disguised disobedience
$ ~3 {# x! |/ [3 J2 Q$ A; k5 [ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
0 f4 Z$ G( l4 ^1 d/ T5 f 138. Sitdown
( O! Y' O% E. P& E; M 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( S+ B8 K9 p6 l, m9 F 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 j1 F7 u5 e1 _! q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws- u1 d9 M! V6 Z5 z" o
3 `3 _; v! Y6 e' y0 o) ]' m
Action by Government Personnel
" T3 J" u5 j& }6 i" i8 M* G 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 l+ _9 p2 v: s1 Y: g# O3 z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 T2 R: n& V- R6 t" p+ q% ] 144. Stalling and obstruction. A% ]1 q3 r: o& B
145. General administrative noncooperation
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146. Judicial noncooperation
: `$ [2 _1 o% q0 B& J7 i! q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
* @- I" A3 O* m) m z0 n0 D 148. Mutiny/ B, k' p, R4 W h4 a4 ?& O; N
Domestic Governmental Action
8 Q/ k$ k5 `0 n8 X& v 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays4 H4 F; N( @4 r0 b- e
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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. u) }' }4 G1 J! Q! ]% X8 w+ \/ cInternational Governmental Action: H! f# c2 S2 Y S2 f
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ b8 d* Y/ Q( ~6 w, E" g. A9 v! Z8 O 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 }7 a3 ~1 A- D3 e: M9 _ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; _4 }' B* M$ B0 g! E 154. Severance of diplomatic relations: d* R3 u7 Q. K! ^/ V) j5 m
155. Withdrawal from international organizations# _. d" }5 ^& n- }' X+ ~
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; I+ h8 N s' U# |4 N9 J& s$ g 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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: C6 h/ i, A$ L& Z' D- A6 {# x1 `( ~) v
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
. s* J8 {0 {) ]% n" `# W 158. Self-exposure to the elements4 q6 \8 z$ Q. n" B4 b6 e! W) o
159. The fast
. K/ Z2 W9 d6 i' ]2 I: I+ q Y r a) Fast of moral pressure$ @! H1 Y4 R7 V0 ~
b) Hunger strike
& i/ P' \, r! ~7 w+ W- {2 _ c) Satyagrahic fast! |- l1 M1 F) Z$ v; c
160. Reverse trial
0 y! q6 s/ s5 w) ?9 b+ V( F 161. Nonviolent harassment
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( Z/ A, x3 L0 E$ ~2 ePhysical Intervention
+ [8 n# }0 x/ a6 c6 G$ H 162. Sit-in
0 I4 Q! B& X4 @' G# k$ k: a6 b 163. Stand-in5 w. r" h2 Q6 [2 F8 v; `4 x
164. Ride-in
8 d; p) x; e+ ? 165. Wade-in
9 r0 K. R' {4 m 166. Mill-in3 n* C5 M* g) {5 c
167. Pray-in
% `" ~5 X+ D" A1 m7 B" F 168. Nonviolent raids
4 c4 e6 y+ m6 Q 169. Nonviolent air raids
! r {# G2 z0 ?6 L+ }8 O 170. Nonviolent invasion! A5 x' N2 I ~' t; p( a h
171. Nonviolent interjection* `: I! u1 n9 Z# g' N2 A: a
172. Nonviolent obstruction" t& U" A. U) W" i# ?, G- @ b
173. Nonviolent occupation
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* c( z3 D- H' [, ESocial Intervention8 J9 F& ]3 w5 S6 C4 k& ~
174. Establishing new social patterns# T! {" R) z% U6 f9 J4 ]# Y% S" c
175. Overloading of facilities
' L$ |. m/ _6 h+ E) ~; V 176. Stall-in, t9 Q( t& @3 a% ~
177. Speak-in
0 Q6 {& M# A' M* F 178. Guerrilla theater0 h/ ]- \/ x2 o% p6 q
179. Alternative social institutions
( e: B$ e- @5 r" R( Z3 a } 180. Alternative communication system
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8 ?+ V' U" R$ ?0 k( I- w: oEconomic Intervention8 P& x# y0 p& u9 G8 d
181. Reverse strike+ d" c& ]' ^0 R9 H4 k
182. Stay-in strike
: h- `" O& V. A. S# k 183. Nonviolent land seizure0 f7 v# y6 b0 P' U# P* @# f2 t& n. q/ @
184. Defiance of blockades
% X" d) q) N/ C& B) @3 j 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" n7 }( Q. d- J+ t
186. Preclusive purchasing
( T: r* d1 s- L% I; r$ X 187. Seizure of assets; v: j0 j; s- x1 J7 {9 Y
188. Dumping
3 Q8 _( L$ |# h! t 189. Selective patronage7 h# [1 d8 r2 g3 ?
190. Alternative markets
0 V2 o9 v6 F9 M$ ? A9 e 191. Alternative transportation systems
; y& J2 F& R$ x" m1 O$ ~0 I 192. Alternative economic institutions- a2 n8 J! u7 z" e7 ]5 T$ C
* L# O9 k' S! ZPolitical Intervention7 w) E" s# Z# `/ L- r7 B: I
193. Overloading of administrative systems1 ?/ z, t$ y I9 k+ H0 l
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" B9 l" K) \2 v* M$ z) y
195. Seeking imprisonment' e; |. m7 G8 W/ p% i2 _) a1 F
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 E9 F+ o" G- n7 d2 }
197. Work-on without collaboration
- j T1 b+ H& r4 Y 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" t2 d0 p3 c; E& R4 \7 G. R
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
