 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
7 L; e: \! z2 h, _Formal Statements2 b% ^$ p$ _4 J: U
1. Public Speeches- q2 s4 w% g( |& e7 r4 `. r
2. Letters of opposition or support! R2 r" s, y9 f4 T- m: }3 F' `
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
- ^ U3 A$ w6 p* m y. l5 I# c 4. Signed public statements6 k& Z5 ~- R) U4 a
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ K9 M9 X9 m' h1 I 6. Group or mass petitions
1 F5 y5 Y8 V. `' \! ~3 H% E# M) q j1 h5 x% a3 w. c
Communications with a Wider Audience
( Y9 F/ B3 t" Y4 J4 x2 t4 d 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 p4 n2 Y6 H( J 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 N! O' E- C; O8 \: w) E @: _ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% M3 V' o1 w" a' n 10. Newspapers and journals* [' n- U3 G' `/ a: U g. {$ E8 v- d
11. Records, radio, and television
, k+ ~" e; {5 W$ _6 [4 k; f5 `3 d 12. Skywriting and earthwriting& D$ m4 ]5 p6 R6 w1 C6 }
2 Q* a& ? ]: l8 J% e6 ^Group Representations6 o! K$ `' a8 P# `& S) i1 w
13. Deputations) U9 `, i: r, f- C5 r
14. Mock awards
0 p k) X+ _( a; v 15. Group lobbying
! n4 k4 v! R3 T5 }) }0 S7 V 16. Picketing
/ x6 t! r1 e- f( d) K {9 T% m0 y 17. Mock elections
& f' s; x, W# x* Y# `* k
3 k% g4 q2 o4 c# _Symbolic Public Acts
$ q4 U1 _* D4 ]) Q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 j3 h$ r2 p: _. l" p \* u
19. Wearing of symbols
% X M. i% {8 V6 O# r2 U/ m 20. Prayer and worship* P1 O" i2 g0 R: U; D
21. Delivering symbolic objects4 Z+ ^. B$ `7 p! `3 {3 v6 Z/ y! v0 b
22. Protest disrobings
- ? \4 U! R5 C3 d# `2 z, P" i 23. Destruction of own property
, U- f2 {& ]- s" O7 T 24. Symbolic lights$ j6 k8 k& S% m
25. Displays of portraits
0 ~+ B' K: A. q5 p+ _0 r6 S 26. Paint as protest6 M% ~) h# A, u3 w* h( A; T6 p7 H
27. New signs and names
, }3 a5 J: b" i6 ~& \ 28. Symbolic sounds7 _4 q% i2 k' y6 k% c
29. Symbolic reclamations
9 J3 t( ~; I8 L: K( c( O" o) {; F5 e 30. Rude gestures0 N# ~. _* f" g; t, v1 d( O& m, z" q
, j/ V. ?; B7 r6 R# I1 }8 HPressures on Individuals
9 D. P; v9 F- F5 \9 r& n5 } 31. “Haunting” officials
! F5 `7 s: c. n 32. Taunting officials$ n0 ^! h0 G" c. I: z' Q
33. Fraternization
# Q/ O: P7 w+ O6 G 34. Vigils
& y% j0 |' I" e: k" R8 x5 a- [. f7 `7 F
Drama and Music- f" a# N7 t5 z
35. Humorous skits and pranks
R' z8 n0 e; @ 36. Performances of plays and music% w' Y9 T) l# V3 Q3 ]
37. Singing
1 |' L/ S4 z2 b1 x' z( _: x9 Z! |" d3 q0 c8 I7 }
Processions
+ E, k5 W& d# P- \) Q# ~3 l( N1 c 38. Marches1 `9 n; |9 ?* ~: H
39. Parades
) ` z5 `( l i 40. Religious processions
; k" ~' I( B) l( Y3 L# Y6 ^ 41. Pilgrimages" K' n# R3 ?/ [& ?
42. Motorcades9 W! O8 I) @9 J! ~* b8 f8 Z+ v( ?! ^5 W
3 X) }% ? t, b0 t" gHonoring the Dead- F- u5 B% w& n' s
43. Political mourning
$ y; r/ w: X3 E! F0 E' P 44. Mock funerals
( g1 g& A& X8 B+ h" Q0 Z% Z/ S 45. Demonstrative funerals
7 T1 |+ t! |; r- c! G8 X8 N 46. Homage at burial places
1 M7 E7 I) j' M1 J, i+ r8 `: X$ l- Q: T7 p5 @' [. r2 F0 ~2 \
Public Assemblies
9 c5 f* W5 Q! | D! r1 s 47. Assemblies of protest or support" @! S2 k) l. F& K4 V) |6 S6 N( U8 d
48. Protest meetings: c& z$ ^" j9 `8 H% C
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, \; B. N$ W% K: u0 Q) f+ _* K 50. Teach-ins
- u, D0 @* X* U8 W- w: i0 A+ \; X& B5 b8 y
Withdrawal and Renunciation2 K: T- h* O( j8 k
51. Walk-outs
4 o/ v2 B, z0 [1 k- ^1 v 52. Silence; J$ X+ R9 F1 G6 F0 ^/ k: F# ?- ]
53. Renouncing honors# Y0 }6 N! X7 s5 ~0 _1 W7 F2 W
54. Turning one’s back
% ^4 m0 l* t; E% M" W( z- F* n* ]1 w4 C# l+ b2 S. V0 Q! K. w, g
5 n2 B0 A2 d. P" j4 Y) e5 w
2 k2 T+ i& Z) tTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
5 \3 p* b% o' X9 \1 a, c5 w7 D9 ^ U2 C
, @) Q- ?* P9 A6 L m7 K
5 b# C# Q0 }0 B" p7 z$ B# DOstracism of Persons( q1 c: ?( C' @* f, a# B. L
55. Social boycott0 l; w, d) Z, y8 i
56. Selective social boycott, c# M& [ b O" `4 g% l0 Y2 I7 I
57. Lysistratic nonaction
- h: ~! s3 h' \( H. {1 D/ V 58. Excommunication
& @0 w9 i) g: ]! a) _: P 59. Interdict7 P" b3 Q/ V* v: G5 i0 d
" l& M9 P9 c/ m- N6 tNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
7 ~1 }, J) \' H/ X7 p- G8 k) ?9 E 60. Suspension of social and sports activities& ?( O+ s8 q% k5 Z! ?( T" D3 \& Q0 Y
61. Boycott of social affairs7 h* P7 `7 c" H) ~$ T8 `3 r" j- M5 }
62. Student strike
8 J& E* Y* f6 J9 h: u' n3 ^* e 63. Social disobedience- @; J8 J8 S% v; R5 x
64. Withdrawal from social institutions; j! ^* V. t* i: g9 Q6 u% D
8 V' c1 t0 J) kWithdrawal from the Social System, d9 E, e: t# {7 G) K* E
65. Stay-at-home
6 q- p5 k5 P4 R; x 66. Total personal noncooperation- e" z* G* a4 z8 [9 f
67. “Flight” of workers
/ y% g* Y: K t3 o 68. Sanctuary, j. _$ V. d$ y" u3 ?, }) W( G1 T* U
69. Collective disappearance
K$ g1 K# |, U5 I% f! u/ I 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- w/ R) E# x) p& f* {
( j) s& r. `" I % S! i$ x* _( P6 z, _ ~+ a
$ Y2 w( G+ W) M8 E2 d$ K8 WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
% i4 ?5 d/ x& r
9 u* A; n' Q/ ^ % Y/ @1 [) c/ p7 s* O
Actions by Consumers
3 P& s+ m3 S3 C) A. \ 71. Consumers’ boycott- L8 }; Y( ?$ ^( `' [$ b: T
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. i) {3 c r6 f/ e( r' @ 73. Policy of austerity
5 y7 b; H T5 i% E9 } 74. Rent withholding8 _2 N- s+ x% ?! R4 s: J; [% R
75. Refusal to rent
4 ` Y |6 {" ] 76. National consumers’ boycott
# A' a5 h, Q8 Z& m G: K 77. International consumers’ boycott
9 I4 C% w4 H% `/ j% [1 ]$ o l7 z; t$ h) {3 u' ]
Action by Workers and Producers2 x! m: W2 f B! t
78. Workmen’s boycott
V! U9 r/ B" K X( u; e 79. Producers’ boycott8 R: h6 Z' M8 [; Z1 o6 f
, \% M) P# V5 W0 b
Action by Middlemen
" z* ?' A& M6 `& x0 { L$ J* S 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& ?. \" x6 y5 d
6 h! Y- J6 c6 p% m+ FAction by Owners and Management9 i* Q+ N# ^# ]5 f: j
81. Traders’ boycott
; l1 F( v0 Y$ i2 y 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 I6 i" p7 d/ M* x* @& h
83. Lockout
$ u8 b4 x& c5 z5 A- Z& K( z' l 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. R8 s, M6 [! P g# i 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
7 j0 u' U+ p! \$ b6 o) d6 d
# b. U; E3 a6 j0 u0 C! R& V* DAction by Holders of Financial Resources
N/ h& @7 Q, I# D; h$ Y 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, [% l2 N, }) A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, @2 K$ ^) R: j. m8 e8 A6 h4 ]
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
I1 T% z0 R$ { 89. Severance of funds and credit! u" A1 {, S/ O% i
90. Revenue refusal
' _0 [8 w, r) R; {7 P4 X, k 91. Refusal of a government’s money9 o+ N9 f- C: x1 V! D; T" s
) K( u; U+ E) H( a5 cAction by Governments7 k( |# U* c. s. M' W$ [5 E
92. Domestic embargo
, C5 C. y7 O& U. O8 @# u 93. Blacklisting of traders) U) j9 E& @+ P5 r+ o6 p% N
94. International sellers’ embargo
; f0 _& a: `" E% ]7 r% m7 M$ X9 s0 R 95. International buyers’ embargo
% \- Z% ?/ l0 v" E% `7 Z* i# z& x 96. International trade embargo D0 R2 i7 M1 K! u; d0 g% O. \+ v* C
. ~2 E9 K7 f( [7 d; I: y
4 r2 a! k5 }9 c4 b: I1 }$ x8 s* C: i, Q6 }
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! V, y2 ^ S0 x, n" f N5 `
3 d9 O$ `( z8 v4 A! D
1 c6 {9 l1 P# Z2 O5 X* o' XSymbolic Strikes
. S: ~ K5 F/ W& W+ Q6 m# F3 E s+ l2 v 97. Protest strike3 k4 a, P+ w8 j
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
! B: N' u/ i+ j# z1 U) O0 |4 g, h# d. [0 ?. n
Agricultural Strikes0 J. v l0 U" n/ C
99. Peasant strike7 r) a0 ^+ W: p a. V2 d
100. Farm Workers’ strike6 ~6 U+ N0 a/ R$ b
( H% d9 W. `5 M/ Y: W W" W. NStrikes by Special Groups
2 E8 @! K$ e3 E( {! Q [, D0 x 101. Refusal of impressed labor, g, U7 g7 R% H
102. Prisoners’ strike: X1 F* {. B" w$ F c+ i
103. Craft strike/ M' Z# B7 T) x
104. Professional strike) ]1 B. D9 L6 |$ [5 @) z$ x( M, N5 x
7 t, F9 }( e, d% O3 H+ L/ q- A
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
! _; T, x# M# p7 Q S$ Q 105. Establishment strike0 N- k8 X! i9 b- o. ~' r, k2 ^8 d: j# N
106. Industry strike1 I1 d1 q. C6 x( z
107. Sympathetic strike
( k+ W' K- ?4 Q" }4 P# j3 f- T7 e3 ?5 r8 n2 O
Restricted Strikes+ R- E. G; D6 a" g
108. Detailed strike
3 y |, t4 J5 N9 G% ^4 D. T7 Z6 P 109. Bumper strike) B1 |& |* Z' Z$ h' }+ i
110. Slowdown strike
+ y& k+ Z) b+ d 111. Working-to-rule strike2 a x/ q T' }. X8 D
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 r& p, {4 u5 K: H: {0 r 113. Strike by resignation
# O# A$ g0 e, n% i0 @ 114. Limited strike
9 n6 f* G+ E8 `9 L 115. Selective strike: D8 E9 W0 h, {7 B8 }5 }; o2 ^
, Y* B6 o) |4 e; N4 r$ h9 mMulti-Industry Strikes t3 v& I; t! \/ D1 F
- L1 b! ^: P+ f3 K8 F3 M1 {
116. Generalized strike
. U5 C, @8 V) \ T# a& {0 Q) U2 _0 I/ L) F9 d$ _8 p
117. General strike
. I* g8 a$ ]6 _) U% `1 N
! j' {( x' j9 K/ P/ h6 b& D. dCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
$ ?! @" E3 }' r/ c) p) U5 i% r. f' d5 f! _9 `( A
118. Hartal
' ]/ Q) F i8 F3 K: G
3 l7 S/ i2 `& Z" k J 119. Economic shutdown
' c# M) ]* B h- W! W5 Z+ J" f ~9 d+ e3 S% a0 Z$ |3 _- B
, v# E* U$ N3 D& s% ? d2 O2 t
2 U% j$ O8 V- g" g6 |2 F( G" P5 S
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' J1 N8 H0 ]( d, c$ V# Y. W" O
: S/ z* E! \# |- J v ( y: x; o$ u* I* A5 h
Rejection of Authority* L- i+ v. F6 x
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance' Z& _! \/ _1 c, s/ P
121. Refusal of public support+ s7 W6 s6 ~& L: t) Q7 G _) A7 n- m8 |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" _$ A( W' \5 e! p
. p; m! \. X% i) T' J. S }' Y. j
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- |" m8 f0 w: w3 l% v$ R 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" |3 p ^3 D# d9 E3 R 124. Boycott of elections
6 i7 ^! t3 a2 ]! a 125. Boycott of government employment and positions. D5 U8 \ q/ V" s+ }5 |& @
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ f" b% x$ v. [ `4 ~2 ?; _% M 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- ~0 K% G# q% u) R
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 ^$ P; O* Q( z K: S1 E z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ N# V, w6 M7 T: o5 Q
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) x" o* K& D, M& D2 Q
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
: Q7 J( X: C6 A3 I) s! y' x 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% T- _ N$ w' o) i: F# U! e; Q' |0 h: L8 M8 M6 r% G
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 Y! R/ O. p% Q 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 [! q% ?! L; g 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 r7 Z+ S: a* p0 q% C
135. Popular nonobedience
1 K1 f! Q8 n, A 136. Disguised disobedience5 X6 y3 G% X4 A6 t- g
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
3 q* x1 O) O9 A, w( Y. n$ y+ Y5 X 138. Sitdown
7 x9 B9 Z. `2 n! ^ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 W& ~4 z* y6 M' ]1 Q$ C/ H
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ g6 A9 `! v% Q! T2 z6 F/ o0 X6 c
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, X: p% W5 d$ X1 D7 r" x. F% J& {/ u$ s5 ^9 C+ h! g9 E
Action by Government Personnel6 g; @! K7 H5 F7 O4 Y: T' @
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 e t4 d+ s7 D$ q
143. Blocking of lines of command and information& [9 l4 O9 R( T" ^ l
144. Stalling and obstruction5 ?5 S; { O5 D$ _8 g$ i& m
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 O# z0 S# J: w6 q5 ^3 C
3 K' O; [1 F$ l9 d7 Y" b- G5 O 146. Judicial noncooperation& M9 _& b6 u) Z# U8 A7 {' S
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% |+ F" v5 V) w) s2 X9 @( V% y 148. Mutiny
; C- ?5 |% ?- C9 V8 u8 H D1 Z: V% GDomestic Governmental Action! a- b2 H, x( {$ ^. t* B
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 u& F9 S4 ~( E9 D
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% p* Q( s& p1 g* a {
8 ], T9 a+ [0 Y0 _; D E) GInternational Governmental Action
. Z1 j; e: Q7 T$ V( J 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
+ d, x$ y, O" h 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events H. e+ t; p( ?0 t, a$ A
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
t4 _ u" t% `* g4 v. ]8 x2 _$ H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
- N4 ^( h! {8 N, V1 i 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* S$ |# y; P. P" N( Q2 U9 N3 F p 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) q8 F: s7 Z9 M 157. Expulsion from international organizations
5 q" U' d8 g% O# f; r( S+ l$ z W
+ T; E' [/ \- \! X8 O
0 G' Q) o, w) k5 H# H7 `
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
8 z( c8 x: v/ R* \
. Y* n0 b2 B. m8 m* ] 7 l6 v j* ~, R; d& w) B
Psychological Intervention
6 P7 Q0 v/ Y. S; V 158. Self-exposure to the elements. l, q+ I, s( B) i" s
159. The fast
% N+ @. Q- D$ K a) Fast of moral pressure
7 ~, U/ j1 g( q0 h8 p5 I b) Hunger strike
" |" \( u6 `/ m5 T c) Satyagrahic fast9 i, i3 w: B4 z3 K) H
160. Reverse trial
+ T) x6 J3 E v8 L3 v& n 161. Nonviolent harassment+ k+ {& |0 }' `% M
7 d1 n9 e# }: [& K! O
Physical Intervention
1 M5 ?0 I9 j3 C 162. Sit-in
/ J4 b3 Y# @# E" t; B j2 F& H 163. Stand-in
$ d6 E' H M, M: ]4 I9 W" | 164. Ride-in
9 p$ Q& s) S7 n4 R/ u4 A 165. Wade-in
% S+ a& V3 y1 s# F 166. Mill-in* |' X( ^% }# H* b( m h3 n
167. Pray-in' {/ X: ~2 h% Y3 A
168. Nonviolent raids7 Q. L5 t" W- ^& T) A0 t) u
169. Nonviolent air raids7 `* V4 b: q/ e5 O- F7 k* N0 N9 e
170. Nonviolent invasion, E3 e! P% b L. r
171. Nonviolent interjection; n- q4 z3 h( x o
172. Nonviolent obstruction% R1 r/ R" D0 K0 B( I8 N
173. Nonviolent occupation; f1 I) w" B5 d- e& }* U; i( s$ j
7 Q% T* l2 m2 lSocial Intervention, [0 \2 o; @3 m2 M+ k0 J! B# b
174. Establishing new social patterns
( U6 j/ ^7 Q6 g. m 175. Overloading of facilities/ C; G- h8 A& g8 B' V F! x1 y/ t
176. Stall-in# s. M H$ \) o4 m9 K. E% P* V# _
177. Speak-in
8 e- e. E/ z, H! b& W, N6 d 178. Guerrilla theater
) q1 x" ~8 ?+ a 179. Alternative social institutions$ b( K6 A8 v# }3 a$ P
180. Alternative communication system1 b9 ~9 P# G; q1 H' R0 }
4 |/ q! `9 U4 p1 _, a* Q4 @Economic Intervention
2 a2 f* G* G: O# x 181. Reverse strike( [; R* i6 B" u5 ]. z
182. Stay-in strike
: }8 e2 s0 V; c( O- _ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
" m& h+ V: N/ I 184. Defiance of blockades
4 l- b% `, M! O 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
5 k: b) C. m( X# C8 S% U, A L4 W% l3 v 186. Preclusive purchasing# G; [' |$ |) @! a
187. Seizure of assets
8 o' i$ U7 m3 w0 t" V3 I7 k1 E 188. Dumping
E. A+ O( e5 b6 Q 189. Selective patronage2 G) u8 a) R( _, N0 Z
190. Alternative markets; G7 n& S. e/ b" z
191. Alternative transportation systems/ ~# U; l/ @ E3 Y7 X5 @. U7 g! h
192. Alternative economic institutions1 B1 D/ s9 I' s3 V4 A* V) ]
) \- n3 G: Y! N3 J
Political Intervention
' L' |1 ~( F# q/ C 193. Overloading of administrative systems
! J* I6 g% K0 X' {4 L; k 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents6 S& U3 Y) s5 K$ O" d& _- Z- _: S
195. Seeking imprisonment' H! i) k1 U: M" f9 L0 v$ `
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
7 H# w+ C- [1 H" t% T 197. Work-on without collaboration7 S' F0 \* l, Z/ s: m E7 e' C
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
6 g( S+ @/ N3 A, v T7 \8 s3 S- S, ~0 t! ~
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
