 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; i6 |5 s$ C2 Q# ^. y
Formal Statements% e- j9 ?! ^- w: x9 U1 [
1. Public Speeches8 U. R0 i1 i" W
2. Letters of opposition or support& N7 b P6 X3 R0 y3 U1 B$ R
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ O k0 H0 T1 Y/ g 4. Signed public statements! d$ M$ N6 w9 N7 T1 S
5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 q. h# j( C9 B0 v, W M8 X6 [
6. Group or mass petitions
. }$ _* P( c% s& ?, X ~0 r/ m* h5 w+ n1 _% a
Communications with a Wider Audience
( H6 t/ J' P0 g3 c, c: j0 Y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 v$ b; I$ {7 Q j) [& X
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 V, m& Y8 D! A6 I* J' D; i
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; n5 P$ t* v' X8 Q2 g/ | 10. Newspapers and journals
& l& _( o8 {1 Y! q 11. Records, radio, and television; s0 @% x! K9 m" a5 j: s x
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 m, \. ?: e! f# d; N( U m8 }" g3 z
Group Representations7 K7 R: Q# a) O" u
13. Deputations
2 [2 @# u" x' m0 r% Q 14. Mock awards
o! L$ g! b( S5 a1 f% ]6 d 15. Group lobbying
* b1 j4 b4 {, a! g9 r9 \: n 16. Picketing
& A1 a9 `! I* z. A7 q5 `5 U9 A 17. Mock elections
* a1 _" s1 c7 Q# u' r$ o0 r7 B5 J8 ]& H
Symbolic Public Acts
_7 ]: u, b& M2 O5 E% |6 S# f 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 n' k& v8 n2 e: \) d
19. Wearing of symbols
6 C: ~2 G* g P8 j/ [8 s: ` 20. Prayer and worship% f8 H! @! W0 M' G; p0 x7 a0 a2 U. h
21. Delivering symbolic objects( T" ^/ ^+ r" P9 ^4 w( |$ j! Z
22. Protest disrobings0 Z8 m7 r; w: M
23. Destruction of own property: r' j- X1 x7 N$ }& u2 Z
24. Symbolic lights8 s2 o" C# J8 A& B0 _
25. Displays of portraits
5 F) q- K* x0 N, k 26. Paint as protest
; z3 e! j9 ?6 ]; x' [- _4 p 27. New signs and names
2 T) R7 f# f; ` 28. Symbolic sounds
1 j! T5 I. `( e! m2 j 29. Symbolic reclamations D. Y4 F0 w/ q' B1 A. u/ c
30. Rude gestures
6 d- ^; S& {7 L, H/ x8 b+ |- K7 D4 [- t- b- D
Pressures on Individuals
( u: c- z( [/ a3 o 31. “Haunting” officials0 _' a1 O! W: l4 X8 Y
32. Taunting officials
" {' R' D! z9 m0 G5 m8 @+ X1 M 33. Fraternization
8 N2 u4 r' f2 r( P5 b5 `0 E 34. Vigils
& D9 y/ Z- [4 ?" a% h+ f/ e; t* a" R5 x* B* h+ @
Drama and Music
. C' h1 S" A; K8 F, U/ A 35. Humorous skits and pranks
; D1 x2 E0 d8 G+ m8 J( D- R3 j 36. Performances of plays and music
6 s+ ~; P' z1 \. @+ P9 o 37. Singing, Y6 Q' Q+ h' W
& o1 I0 i0 ^1 C* ]" _, e
Processions( ]) W: q# M2 W
38. Marches
5 @' X/ K) j7 A/ }, ^, @ 39. Parades
. U0 l# j6 }( f. W$ Y [ 40. Religious processions% J P( D8 u2 S2 ?; m( X! u7 x+ o
41. Pilgrimages
5 b9 z9 X2 B+ a6 d 42. Motorcades
" V* R& l4 X/ Y' @
3 f9 X! M, z% _Honoring the Dead
8 `( m1 l6 g1 ]0 M7 V 43. Political mourning! t8 v4 j2 d% b; ?$ o& ]! m3 H, v
44. Mock funerals
% \* G w, Y/ B 45. Demonstrative funerals+ P+ Q+ h* L; J3 V+ l7 f1 X
46. Homage at burial places
1 {4 ^2 W6 P* ~3 D) {
8 y: d( ]% n& H1 TPublic Assemblies
8 x/ I/ J7 n# X0 X; a( z4 ? 47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 r8 Q4 s7 H: {% x5 z9 q" z6 w 48. Protest meetings$ C1 a$ O e7 M. {, A# T( h
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest r2 J% q u2 V+ {" P2 p
50. Teach-ins
+ v# }. ]1 b; U5 L8 r2 ^! Q% M- R2 T$ `1 D' L5 @% ]# q
Withdrawal and Renunciation
' ]- ]- W' q' o0 ]" t 51. Walk-outs
* w0 n U8 s: `% f. j: S 52. Silence* t9 n$ | H6 J5 v. o
53. Renouncing honors
- E# @2 Z7 f+ O3 |% f0 g 54. Turning one’s back: v3 v6 _# ^1 o# T
' o- g3 P9 A; W
8 k3 E* e% [# d b3 z+ y/ e. X( z0 N1 B/ C- Z. H
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
. D5 q7 i! s' m5 |- w' y/ K! ] S" ~4 {) I- |
8 Z1 @6 n( j% R: C/ t+ U) j7 b. [
5 s5 U* Q( G2 e! ROstracism of Persons( k( i @! r: ?( {$ f$ _) p
55. Social boycott
0 h4 f7 `( ^5 H1 q2 \, ? W 56. Selective social boycott
; R# j- o; {" N* D 57. Lysistratic nonaction
w# c' [6 n) q6 w1 F 58. Excommunication2 T# w( w( n2 Z. O, W$ P8 H% W& w
59. Interdict4 J1 D, w1 y& i: [& X- d
2 a$ ?* r+ G; l8 O! L; d
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& ?7 m0 c! W6 Y4 J4 d$ z. j7 i$ t
60. Suspension of social and sports activities; j$ N7 o& u) C7 a1 s
61. Boycott of social affairs
O: R/ b- F" ^$ _4 z; y 62. Student strike
& y0 X6 a G' P, ^9 l# O 63. Social disobedience
6 w& P, ~" p' g/ Y5 U 64. Withdrawal from social institutions' z& v5 H0 Z# n# E
( S, b3 t) T% I# X3 l4 u2 d* pWithdrawal from the Social System
! Q$ A, }3 V/ f( ?- O 65. Stay-at-home
7 \) H3 Q! @ ], w9 I5 x 66. Total personal noncooperation
" H- O% {, P# @1 i 67. “Flight” of workers6 \% S# l. P, H
68. Sanctuary
9 \/ K, t( z" a8 k$ W 69. Collective disappearance
b2 I$ w9 R0 d6 b2 t* J0 U$ I 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& n; Y" n6 w; W7 A* j8 ]: r
9 I/ C {' b) }" I 2 W6 ?( t# K: S' ~
% y) N1 s& m+ f7 I- y; {
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 J1 ^# s+ ^0 T/ e, c* l
9 B) G- U, e6 q2 ~( ?
, W8 o8 s4 b; f( QActions by Consumers7 ~% r# ^& I/ W1 K$ X1 n+ B' s6 Y
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 x& V* Y6 @, u3 R 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; T8 e0 Q: T: D2 D( S! u
73. Policy of austerity
6 y$ Y: @1 n* r/ `7 c9 p# G 74. Rent withholding+ y9 L9 p- H1 j( ?. g! n
75. Refusal to rent
* D- L+ X3 F2 ]! r5 m' Z/ v 76. National consumers’ boycott; {* |0 K2 m# r4 ]( H3 D) N. a
77. International consumers’ boycott
& |+ [9 R: ^- s4 a3 F. y
; ~) Y L; S1 i2 K$ G2 d+ aAction by Workers and Producers/ G! u5 H& D5 k
78. Workmen’s boycott
: Y6 d+ R5 }% K G" n6 M4 { 79. Producers’ boycott) r6 a% q1 ]7 f4 v7 U, g
6 Z% g# j" h/ I6 R# vAction by Middlemen
- S/ }8 [' A* ]. [) O; R9 ]3 T 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ z) t* q4 ?3 G# P) h0 l6 W( S- j, {3 Y. H! p7 ]( D
Action by Owners and Management
6 |" j: p* P+ I% d% L 81. Traders’ boycott
3 S0 m' ~" y8 r- G% e 82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 K6 q) S4 R6 [. {" z 83. Lockout8 ]# G; n6 t- N3 w- [1 e/ D6 ~0 N; N
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 `9 [0 U/ C X/ f. J5 s5 y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( ]) v/ t; z+ t/ [- F, _8 _; Y4 p0 Q/ {$ o E; ]( n
Action by Holders of Financial Resources9 J& H+ L4 B: U9 s0 [$ m- @4 d+ O
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 m8 [ ~, d" _% W3 ` 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; }5 M7 q+ x' ^+ p5 Z5 c 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! k- C) f) ?* x( I' d$ t
89. Severance of funds and credit
/ ~8 L1 l. H( J 90. Revenue refusal
6 W* }* z% D8 p+ ~8 l% ]$ x 91. Refusal of a government’s money7 E4 V) w) X1 j0 M$ `$ E: v+ v, u1 ~7 @
# j; U2 ~7 Q) d. S/ D$ C, yAction by Governments% G1 i5 t# `) M( Y9 ]( H
92. Domestic embargo: E2 y* l" O% O4 q3 q
93. Blacklisting of traders
, e) X7 Q0 T8 y' Y; l, ~- B 94. International sellers’ embargo
$ J- o1 r: P* [8 d 95. International buyers’ embargo
- Y7 q9 `! ~0 O9 s) A 96. International trade embargo! Y& m9 T. J6 O# e8 F; t' W
4 `; f2 e& O; y6 F6 A8 t$ H
" E7 h* B: ~2 G* {9 T
' q! v8 v% u1 S; R( D4 `
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
8 y, ~: B, x' D1 l) v8 i/ }2 d2 m7 N7 a2 L* \
{* t# _) q, ~. ^" C2 q$ z! X
Symbolic Strikes
$ ^, ]! P1 Y0 F* X" n 97. Protest strike
2 H8 n, o4 f; i3 G3 x7 i( A1 O 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( h" G) j( V$ S5 g9 B1 w A) K
9 G4 ^) A m! u0 I2 }# Q7 C+ c+ H
Agricultural Strikes
+ s2 g7 @ @# T: J& P( n3 t; ~ 99. Peasant strike
" f0 R0 m: G' e% P2 f+ E0 u: C 100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ G" `4 l$ o! m9 Q1 e3 y, k4 u# t* \" \$ _! T* `8 D8 }. ^
Strikes by Special Groups
, k7 [7 v2 y2 W( d, q" T2 T 101. Refusal of impressed labor# }0 e: Q8 M8 l* ?
102. Prisoners’ strike( l: n! s. ]6 A1 j% V
103. Craft strike8 ^, I. j1 H# T
104. Professional strike
5 ^3 }+ M8 z; f/ L8 L) F! i- Z* m
Ordinary Industrial Strikes6 ?: M0 `# u* t5 u
105. Establishment strike' ^! U6 @. B# @( B: P+ f
106. Industry strike
7 a$ B+ F" m7 H8 ]3 a0 W 107. Sympathetic strike
* U6 ^5 `4 I7 k
2 m: p8 x) G3 _/ v7 ZRestricted Strikes
5 q0 F8 z- A/ x. P8 l0 F 108. Detailed strike" U/ u+ n2 i* B% x6 ~
109. Bumper strike
: F+ S4 O1 z! S; @4 A 110. Slowdown strike
* l% Y ~5 q p4 D5 I. i3 m 111. Working-to-rule strike/ V: A# z& |4 ^ w3 @( C+ h6 g& x
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 H4 o" B( o0 F4 i' T+ @ 113. Strike by resignation
: S* C" ~! ~" A0 \0 p/ G 114. Limited strike5 y3 [) ?" l$ T" E
115. Selective strike( E% t6 E! B5 g* Y
, A2 L1 |! T1 w/ j) S* zMulti-Industry Strikes
* o. S7 B7 ~. U8 |6 l6 {2 |1 J$ v4 |1 _% O6 g
116. Generalized strike& u8 E1 t- Q1 D. K) A# L) v' r
1 G9 s$ O& ?2 C; ^ 117. General strike
; g$ R' g z5 e2 v/ Y' K+ N
4 A; E1 g/ }$ S! f) L/ MCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures% o. l0 A o8 M5 G1 g
- y _9 Y; ^' T4 f6 ~ 118. Hartal* l) V M( w) r8 y1 D) h2 Z2 W1 s0 [
* {5 e8 ]* Y# A: j" \$ E* i 119. Economic shutdown
\ t8 V! j! T& C: \
( C( I- w! H0 B% N* _. F9 j 3 p! d* {: _9 |8 _/ q6 U1 s) ?7 w
$ L5 ^4 t7 R8 @8 O4 b% ~' G/ u9 H
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" g2 V, H3 S1 [
6 ~! e s) d7 q; v V
! u. ]7 x' e3 d6 SRejection of Authority
( ]# F" `% R6 g6 a" q: @$ @ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ Z: q! {" s# c6 H
121. Refusal of public support
4 b7 `% f9 T$ V 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; L) _. c& I; U1 g4 u5 U: ^
3 I) A5 B# z+ n: R2 GCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government- ^% V3 K: p% }+ ?* u* Z) l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
, N" ]. ?# ?+ R% G4 d( z- `# k 124. Boycott of elections3 D" O5 @% D$ V
125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 z3 c2 {2 o( c+ r
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; B4 i) V8 a# f4 L6 N
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# L$ c4 l8 o, `& H
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
! t8 ^+ j* f I( Y) P: J* @2 M$ a 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
" K" i$ M; M" Y' s3 n 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) q& s( @+ k$ w' c 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& ~; {! L) ?. \7 n# `: n. p( }4 c1 D
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 ~' m$ j" q) ?$ j/ E, k. K
( M3 U0 s6 Q2 l8 K) f! H9 ]. N
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ z5 y- d, ^# V4 y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 d9 \8 b N/ A2 j+ x$ Q 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: [" j6 r1 x' Q" w( s/ X
135. Popular nonobedience, z* n! p# \8 j3 ?& g3 t0 Q: c
136. Disguised disobedience
8 Z" W, Q4 p& g0 R 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 m7 L+ i% }% ?& u- R
138. Sitdown- f0 G n$ W: n7 U" P
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& \+ e' l/ w: ~" B, z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
9 l0 [( Z' e: y0 F 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws2 d, R/ l1 r$ T. U; k" o
# r' m k. q6 P, e+ w3 XAction by Government Personnel. T6 C4 U% O2 N1 }+ s1 I
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 S1 {4 C" [: r7 ^
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
7 J. M& _: \ E; | 144. Stalling and obstruction8 K* k v8 h+ A* Z* {- a
145. General administrative noncooperation
! m/ r; o! g$ [. d( m/ }3 a. E5 f3 x5 X
146. Judicial noncooperation
9 N. ]4 N2 N4 a- g) o& a 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 r' L$ p& y7 K% b; n/ u
148. Mutiny
* I+ F" s7 j% s4 XDomestic Governmental Action; {6 J+ d7 n6 D% S* i5 S
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
3 ]2 j0 O0 [1 H' Z" v0 F 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 @: Y: F# X. N; H5 r: t9 ?8 }. D0 X
4 Z4 q3 B* {) y3 @' a. ^+ u xInternational Governmental Action" o( d: K1 w g8 P0 L5 f
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 a Q& d" e7 C+ S) C: t
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events& z# D, w" n, |6 l( H# w! o
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, `! ]$ t2 Q3 f" U) z' O 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. T4 I1 p; N' } 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 W: I. u1 l3 t$ f+ _' F: C/ k# L& ? 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( u' Y6 u- y6 o. C$ Y& ~% I 157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 c- R8 q+ q. O& |7 s/ M
) p1 O8 t6 @/ a' C+ _& t
) V) B- \5 Y: {7 A2 z* m2 x" x
5 R3 I9 q) E L) o8 yTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
; i" ^+ p8 g8 P! B: @% I3 M% m0 @& U/ \0 x
, k1 _5 H$ H8 t7 U/ T
Psychological Intervention) z1 }0 P+ ?. W7 W/ i
158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 \3 q( q6 ]( { 159. The fast
. u4 c9 U2 t1 U a) Fast of moral pressure J" @5 k/ K; Z( R. M, F
b) Hunger strike) ?, G: b- T7 f9 C1 S E0 S
c) Satyagrahic fast0 Y* T$ L8 |2 ^6 r0 f
160. Reverse trial) a+ c! }9 e9 L; n- E
161. Nonviolent harassment
, ?7 \* l1 I6 j4 J4 \% A6 c+ i; e: u& I" E
Physical Intervention" [9 w- } |9 P8 v/ R
162. Sit-in
5 o. L! e2 i3 ^) B7 f- A 163. Stand-in
- u0 ]/ `2 b. ]6 k$ S 164. Ride-in6 s1 k3 r& V4 C$ ^, j
165. Wade-in
5 B4 e2 x0 K7 | 166. Mill-in
% G1 B/ ?7 C- p6 g% O; K 167. Pray-in
! J2 g9 u l) h) z, ?8 S( V 168. Nonviolent raids: Y9 Z. ~7 l4 W, @) B2 u
169. Nonviolent air raids
{2 q$ D- a& o/ M9 N 170. Nonviolent invasion
; o& M8 \$ Z% a- S0 q9 r) ^ 171. Nonviolent interjection0 G% E+ l+ t$ Q* v2 o, V1 x0 `' ]
172. Nonviolent obstruction2 r9 o5 e9 l2 X* o3 o) H$ j' t
173. Nonviolent occupation
% x+ y m: @/ ]0 x
2 E7 f& {4 Y/ f% [% c1 iSocial Intervention
: |% m4 H4 P4 e9 \; \. a8 I 174. Establishing new social patterns
3 J+ o) [3 ~ X( B$ \- @& n# l# U 175. Overloading of facilities |/ h7 W, o4 t. [# M4 \% [" ~
176. Stall-in
9 e9 [; Z9 e( O3 g0 `5 i& t 177. Speak-in
& w% @4 q& n. F4 m) [5 d 178. Guerrilla theater
6 V0 h5 t6 F7 u3 z. i 179. Alternative social institutions
2 T' c% k+ [2 e( A/ ]$ m! n. o 180. Alternative communication system$ W( k' q7 B0 X% Z% v2 @
A9 N/ g$ I8 t$ P8 z' L) \( h
Economic Intervention
. S: N5 D7 x' [- C. W( E 181. Reverse strike
- U; T/ {6 i# f$ Z 182. Stay-in strike
1 j6 R4 ]# E3 z$ t 183. Nonviolent land seizure/ W/ ?- `" m4 {3 `5 {
184. Defiance of blockades( [+ E3 a% U7 L5 U n; Q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ F' U: \) W4 T8 C: E; { 186. Preclusive purchasing
3 l: x- W& Q; e) A8 X9 @ 187. Seizure of assets
( W4 ?5 K1 m3 t* R7 T% f 188. Dumping* l& Q' J1 z9 w' d/ p; x K) ?
189. Selective patronage
+ b" v9 `$ ?2 d9 Y$ _ 190. Alternative markets4 W" n5 e( [& N4 O3 }* z& v! i
191. Alternative transportation systems* J9 y5 t! V2 l" z
192. Alternative economic institutions
! @- {1 V; Q* R+ e5 y- a7 o, ~
& k6 W+ z7 V- P* r* |Political Intervention
" h+ M8 E" T8 n0 q, F' t" q 193. Overloading of administrative systems
- ~% ]7 r5 t+ g) W 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents% l3 y) V* d% D1 [& r
195. Seeking imprisonment; b. U @: ^$ ?! k: q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' q$ M, f7 V9 J9 ]/ Y/ w 197. Work-on without collaboration
6 `) K# h1 c( ]8 X% c0 Q2 w 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
. _0 w" c& H6 f5 I6 T4 R0 L! I( n% w6 \+ q" e+ u# X8 u' H
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
