 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ l& B+ a t9 C" U# V. Y, {3 jFormal Statements' u4 A" p+ D$ Z2 \% D
1. Public Speeches. L s5 E( l$ m) u6 _
2. Letters of opposition or support
/ L1 S$ V. a( r& Z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
8 p8 @8 ]8 d a8 @ 4. Signed public statements
7 ~2 t6 r7 o k! H2 n: f 5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 }$ L+ H* ?) U; D+ \
6. Group or mass petitions
( h/ @+ g: {+ w1 }. c3 i$ i$ U: v( D" b. n
Communications with a Wider Audience0 T' l9 i, ~ s9 Z5 q
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" }# U& v) V3 O; S3 U( h
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications: h: w+ o9 z2 ~& C- T+ \6 X* J: Q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 c# ]+ y: P0 W7 O S" M3 Z# c
10. Newspapers and journals3 m2 I8 ^) N. @! W9 J
11. Records, radio, and television
4 C- \# z2 h m, D: y" Q5 \ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ ^7 }5 J w. r% d
& s9 Q! r& W* j, V7 X. B. [4 PGroup Representations6 G6 d, A+ q* e: F9 O0 n% D
13. Deputations. a6 ]9 Y# T F, n
14. Mock awards+ O* ?- u/ o* ^1 o) y+ `! S
15. Group lobbying# _1 `0 B$ H/ ~1 r
16. Picketing
1 L2 ?2 U. D/ a( {2 F) W% f 17. Mock elections
4 s: ]& h# U' }- T L" \+ L3 H* g& K' G2 ]' N9 z& A" H+ E& V9 B: W0 P
Symbolic Public Acts
7 i. I6 k- x4 x$ ^+ o0 G0 p 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" x: Y& A! C' I2 f, T; m$ y; [
19. Wearing of symbols
1 i* {$ Y @1 L0 F 20. Prayer and worship- g7 U+ p. f0 j9 x3 B4 \
21. Delivering symbolic objects! }& x) `( I! p9 h
22. Protest disrobings
6 V% `, T6 o- U 23. Destruction of own property
9 G* F" `* o! t% J9 @$ J 24. Symbolic lights& e: ^3 w6 ` M. h& E
25. Displays of portraits* P7 |" z- r; m) |" A
26. Paint as protest
* `- C4 |* P! ?9 M9 c 27. New signs and names
; c4 V+ p6 _' {, t' ]4 K/ n& d 28. Symbolic sounds
* q$ W) R7 M- {# M5 R8 _3 Y, G 29. Symbolic reclamations
: o" D/ H+ z% U! o- ^; j 30. Rude gestures
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Pressures on Individuals
! t- ^+ j) F) x3 G# O- y! z 31. “Haunting” officials( s7 C, h ~' s8 k, G' |
32. Taunting officials! R' o9 s! R7 g, ]" R- ^/ E
33. Fraternization$ p: G, K+ [3 o/ z1 `3 d1 k, Q
34. Vigils) {" N, z) H& S1 H
- |# H: T" y* d" O; ?" uDrama and Music
7 F: y1 A$ C% v V; i; l 35. Humorous skits and pranks* T; T" Y% k/ i% z" h$ a7 V6 i
36. Performances of plays and music3 p, |( I+ `* ^5 L! s2 F, z/ s
37. Singing5 b' m; H+ G+ G+ k9 O
* N8 {$ l h0 T$ f8 V5 ~+ ?Processions
2 u) U* P/ g; i) }0 T$ h r' G 38. Marches1 t2 D- h& v) u
39. Parades- |. B, a& V" ?9 S5 Q: `
40. Religious processions
3 |" J2 t# x, g" b, a1 G7 e$ w 41. Pilgrimages3 M5 A' P8 c6 E# g
42. Motorcades8 D3 [' L9 ?2 G1 b. [- l0 s
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Honoring the Dead' I: b" O' l# U+ T3 e
43. Political mourning
2 ~( ^- E' J3 M; b: a2 A 44. Mock funerals
4 Y2 u# ^# Q- q' S7 Z 45. Demonstrative funerals/ ?/ Q4 \! }/ f6 m6 k" u
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
1 _- V4 v) u$ t3 I! K+ ? 47. Assemblies of protest or support
: {0 m9 f8 _# j0 G c 48. Protest meetings b- s( G! O. ]( H$ k
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
$ O# v( j! F! s3 z8 W3 G 50. Teach-ins) |% S; f. s4 ~- u
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Withdrawal and Renunciation" z" e" ^7 c3 x# {
51. Walk-outs
5 | Q( G- z1 v' ` 52. Silence
3 E; t# D4 \' k; _& v, h0 g5 @ 53. Renouncing honors
5 s4 Q8 r2 e/ Y |! X 54. Turning one’s back
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' l K. H& A' \, v- E6 iTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 @. {5 d7 q9 ^, w
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1 R7 U: _+ k4 }9 FOstracism of Persons9 O @# u' q- }4 i# Y0 z: |
55. Social boycott
6 B5 u4 k: }& D# S' ] 56. Selective social boycott
' ?6 D% l+ f& c 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ Q$ h% ~# t# u: u' U! ` 58. Excommunication
z; b! ^* u3 ]/ [0 Y& |; O" x6 G 59. Interdict
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: ^( Q+ Z2 R7 g5 B9 }Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
. Q. O% V+ W8 k5 _- q1 I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities" e. V3 P% U0 g! H
61. Boycott of social affairs1 v) W* Z; ~8 r4 f5 X; S* d/ K
62. Student strike) k3 X& w: Z5 n) @
63. Social disobedience( |! e3 _( Y0 M5 W5 S
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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# G$ u1 o& Q. g+ qWithdrawal from the Social System
, d+ ~% _* @7 V1 q. g& ?. C 65. Stay-at-home
0 A p8 k) I, O- k 66. Total personal noncooperation0 G* i& E1 H/ q, S- x6 y
67. “Flight” of workers1 A/ m, ~ @* K" N
68. Sanctuary7 Z3 {7 J, {" G. w$ e8 F
69. Collective disappearance
5 a8 ]$ X7 i1 v7 F0 {) {4 x1 V 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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' W+ r) q- W3 ]" F+ V/ PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: `( `+ L _7 L) Z2 _
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) c* H4 p! Z. [ ?Actions by Consumers
2 k1 Z. z5 F$ Z1 Z6 D9 Q 71. Consumers’ boycott( M2 y/ q6 `- k! N6 ?
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods* \0 h( M8 _, x# K3 ]! D
73. Policy of austerity
. q0 l7 L4 C8 [ 74. Rent withholding
' O7 x# f# S; x& c$ f 75. Refusal to rent: T- H1 c) [8 k/ h, [
76. National consumers’ boycott. h$ _ r5 Z' r9 O: c" s
77. International consumers’ boycott6 L# X) _6 ? T% G
7 H- w$ j. a4 R2 zAction by Workers and Producers9 p$ q. M$ u% b. `
78. Workmen’s boycott
1 t. j6 }5 k' S1 S2 n5 X2 f5 X 79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen% U" b5 |" a# K f9 ~! E
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
) A3 l! s$ v% P1 M9 E 81. Traders’ boycott* C5 E+ o! `+ U
82. Refusal to let or sell property2 Z& K, O& J1 \! |
83. Lockout
; p" U. |; Z! E+ V 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, w6 c0 J) A, E2 l) G 85. Merchants’ “general strike”- p# w; @# P; _
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
, v4 n! e+ i1 J& e 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 A4 V3 u" f0 M1 t, Z+ Q t
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ Y( z1 ~1 \ x3 q" w. M
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 k& K0 N U! ~* j- u5 k 89. Severance of funds and credit
2 y @, h& t4 K 90. Revenue refusal: |6 ~$ G3 H( E, @: o9 k
91. Refusal of a government’s money4 ^* m/ g: J. {) I- y
8 y$ i' }! t* \) j/ e. W' XAction by Governments
* K8 y" O5 u$ A; ^4 g; w 92. Domestic embargo9 q- c7 W2 }' Y' I
93. Blacklisting of traders
. ]) b- W, }, {0 A& H% N! m& S 94. International sellers’ embargo" X( T9 _3 H2 O9 J, O
95. International buyers’ embargo, p0 T# y5 B! y1 n+ y
96. International trade embargo
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9 m9 Y* e2 Z+ b% s' VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
' J( h+ E9 s4 k1 A. {. `) Z. J6 e 97. Protest strike1 v! q2 R: R& H* k+ A: K9 u
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 E$ i6 y0 p( L U g9 v7 N1 P) c9 W( _" i+ N6 Z
Agricultural Strikes
- O( l, H8 ^; g1 a. F7 E 99. Peasant strike
! t2 @& t6 ?& ^* v 100. Farm Workers’ strike" J- H* t! s, m
7 i7 J' s- ]5 [Strikes by Special Groups
' p; A6 N3 b5 j3 b( Z9 |3 W 101. Refusal of impressed labor8 |+ C) q1 b& _' N
102. Prisoners’ strike0 @9 Y/ ?; h9 C; {( f. d
103. Craft strike
* g! ~& \- ^% U8 z1 y 104. Professional strike+ o W' J' `8 y) ]5 O! P
, z" _* E) h z r9 Q2 X6 dOrdinary Industrial Strikes
- i6 c' N3 M0 b) n& f I' M 105. Establishment strike
5 p& {* A, C5 l 106. Industry strike' B; |8 `: [: z5 G9 k$ ?3 `
107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes1 Y2 d' [. q0 p* p$ c* E9 X1 p
108. Detailed strike
6 J/ M1 ?! ]7 I) ?3 N$ K4 ] 109. Bumper strike
* h' J8 j' I! u/ d2 F' Q 110. Slowdown strike
: Q/ U/ ~) D6 e% ~0 W: m 111. Working-to-rule strike
5 j$ j3 q! k' f$ L 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)3 \$ ?- |8 q: j* \3 t2 c
113. Strike by resignation6 b) C; i( t! r7 y5 s' @2 h
114. Limited strike. V/ A, R% ~! G% Y
115. Selective strike# m- ]& N' g. B" s* L J6 t1 |8 z
* N; T) A, C$ \: c" f; o& h) e
Multi-Industry Strikes# M( \% L" r( ^8 d- U! H+ Z
% m p6 M( n" A# M4 ~9 ` 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike( W: {0 F3 o# E+ H" q
! M: F _# Z7 J0 o9 {& D7 ACombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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+ y; n: t, _5 Z# w/ p: q9 O 118. Hartal- m# l$ h4 D5 b+ T1 d2 n
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119. Economic shutdown7 z) } T V/ G, X& f/ t! {0 G: D
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION2 o% y2 q2 b! W8 O8 F
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2 C' k- _0 T* S0 X5 R& u% x f2 j4 LRejection of Authority
6 l5 n( s3 N/ J$ y6 ? 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, O* H, v. h1 e8 j! y- F8 r+ M
121. Refusal of public support
' V7 I& X$ B% R; f' _ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance a S: P; v1 D: Y
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 t* `7 c# Z9 |( Y4 j$ |
123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 K; e+ X* T! J1 l7 H
124. Boycott of elections3 w' `- m! i5 r9 b! n0 |* d
125. Boycott of government employment and positions; R3 y5 J7 x3 b; `
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. E& V3 C4 e. _6 p
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( n3 d+ i/ S; V8 r F& j0 O( u K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 H6 T( N, X( Z1 ?. L ]
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 F, T3 |+ Q4 g7 p$ [) R5 T3 C 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" a9 r1 e% R5 s# S, ]9 D9 g
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 B9 }, s7 s+ G
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ b+ \& l K2 }5 A- w" Z
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 v2 E. o9 s2 L* B 133. Reluctant and slow compliance' u! g6 r* c( G* I0 z2 a
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: H6 ?! _# g( Z) b% I0 ^/ {5 Q 135. Popular nonobedience
( B# s9 @( `6 E* S& d 136. Disguised disobedience& ~; C# ~0 F* r* x1 M
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% y3 [! Q% y8 T( \ 138. Sitdown( e9 { r3 k1 x( Q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* E% v1 ]* w' u( d9 n. O) T0 s
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities3 g8 b# G3 L# Z& ?+ L
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
J0 Q& ` P: d6 M0 ?6 E
- O+ p$ Q. g) _" OAction by Government Personnel* u: e" {7 Q4 Y9 E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* B" C. @5 B% ^, g2 y ?' s 143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 z0 D0 a: ?% O* v; v& b
144. Stalling and obstruction5 W3 {/ D, b a" N
145. General administrative noncooperation5 g9 e) r$ B! P# T2 Z% ], l1 `
, I7 \3 g3 c! |4 ` 146. Judicial noncooperation {# r$ j1 D" I b
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& G6 a: u: {( i( [; j 148. Mutiny/ M _( c2 \5 x1 H, Z
Domestic Governmental Action
! P* R7 v$ n% U* {! i& X 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& i* n* J% o$ e3 T4 g5 S' P( [
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ n. ^$ ~8 s2 h/ w& _ ]& a( v U
- X, s" G& J y( TInternational Governmental Action9 y: A: ~7 q/ Q$ j- V* o/ {
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- d1 m) o6 S4 x' H
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. Q# B! u" }6 K5 g 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 J% d8 W! j Y! _ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations2 s# A, e- o A& X0 w) H. ^$ [
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 k; ^$ r$ \! l, B3 a) s4 }6 ] 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" }3 G3 @* j- y* D
157. Expulsion from international organizations9 i" o1 V! J& H3 V1 c, I2 N
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& a; w, {! ]. H( s8 k
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Psychological Intervention
6 _9 C& p; m! D) f7 J 158. Self-exposure to the elements
: c* ~1 _6 ^5 A: e) ]: }' K% f4 i 159. The fast# l/ K, z M9 H& o* \
a) Fast of moral pressure! J: W5 z$ T4 y! d! T9 _4 {& H. C
b) Hunger strike9 O' E& L. H5 Z& f0 ^, U
c) Satyagrahic fast' _5 m4 L3 A' u0 s8 Y" _
160. Reverse trial/ l3 [" Y$ t; T8 G6 y) W8 Y% {. B
161. Nonviolent harassment0 o+ r2 ^) |/ C# {7 o
7 p; P. v, X5 `* J" [
Physical Intervention
; M+ \4 h8 Y/ I9 T 162. Sit-in
5 n: d8 d0 ~ T" J 163. Stand-in9 b, P) H% \8 d% H8 s# w6 H
164. Ride-in
' U! J; Y" i7 D) A* _1 y1 x 165. Wade-in# w( s: Y8 \! C+ `* v! K% ]
166. Mill-in1 T. y! s5 U, C- K9 W9 g
167. Pray-in
- C1 r0 W. c, @. _( ?; W( W 168. Nonviolent raids
$ c9 u8 D$ j! q3 K" o 169. Nonviolent air raids
- ^" q3 n, o& f: k, I; ~ { 170. Nonviolent invasion
- D: A: y1 _# [ 171. Nonviolent interjection# f! n; c6 h3 q0 G
172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 m; o4 y& _% [! v$ c 173. Nonviolent occupation
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7 \ Q9 \9 Q0 W a$ iSocial Intervention
* o; B2 H8 \2 H' \. t5 j! A 174. Establishing new social patterns k' i! I( ?# _' G1 Y! E
175. Overloading of facilities) s! K e- P: _) m, h: r$ S5 e
176. Stall-in
# @2 q1 A* W7 U" T% [6 E+ I 177. Speak-in
( Z4 L5 ^ m# b( y: l7 x5 X 178. Guerrilla theater
. V+ t& ]( W3 H6 c6 m' j 179. Alternative social institutions
: W& X% J5 d8 b7 D* u( O! _ S) N 180. Alternative communication system/ @; P. R0 B2 }' g
4 p2 z8 {/ _ WEconomic Intervention
& ^: h: u8 O! j6 h 181. Reverse strike8 B1 { _3 k" C# l# f: u* z: J
182. Stay-in strike3 i/ M4 @- M2 J' y; M, c
183. Nonviolent land seizure
. H& `8 c( s) @5 H3 f; W& V 184. Defiance of blockades3 k1 E& O/ z5 t; n
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" E3 P# w; k% i/ H, z4 W) ] 186. Preclusive purchasing5 u# l9 V% q+ @
187. Seizure of assets
3 q% a M/ n/ P' P 188. Dumping
+ A( p1 P. k8 [: I4 l 189. Selective patronage
a# y, b; ^/ v% H& `4 w- Q 190. Alternative markets9 x9 O* k7 s; i" c$ c
191. Alternative transportation systems1 }# c8 K6 m2 J! |, g5 M
192. Alternative economic institutions0 Q5 B8 |, R8 O. p X' t5 `
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Political Intervention
% z' C( @; t! x; P& J5 K 193. Overloading of administrative systems
& _, t# R; c0 h ^& W3 {8 U, D 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents: s, h& e) c* Z# I* z9 f/ b
195. Seeking imprisonment" b3 R* H9 L9 [2 F1 M2 Z# y. m
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. C0 H% |2 N0 m0 }5 Q6 ~
197. Work-on without collaboration8 a( B0 a& A9 e
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
