 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! R# J4 t$ {; P$ u m. ~Formal Statements0 ?) J4 k- y( [# I, X
1. Public Speeches4 U/ l6 I' j+ `0 c; k n4 ~& U3 D
2. Letters of opposition or support0 `! z) x* y& ?( B
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
9 g' m$ g, l7 \ 4. Signed public statements5 P+ Y3 p1 O8 {
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( M* f$ T2 u# G' c4 A 6. Group or mass petitions _8 K% A! F0 W3 F' J" u4 T: ?9 l
5 X4 E9 ]( |% v3 T. q0 t5 I$ _) S% r
Communications with a Wider Audience
' n) ~9 V' N/ X1 o; I4 v 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' v+ I! r& R7 Y. S% w 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# }+ e8 C( V- E) ?, ? 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books- m K9 s) S# x/ R( W6 W$ Y
10. Newspapers and journals
, L- t! Q, x( ]* q( k# n 11. Records, radio, and television; k+ }" p/ @! C6 D6 X
12. Skywriting and earthwriting3 y7 P6 D$ p" s6 {1 u4 F! U
1 I( D" ^8 d0 K$ }
Group Representations
" R# \3 v. }% D2 p' d* _& i 13. Deputations5 m: c3 _( e. Y% h3 x
14. Mock awards
$ w- E7 @& R% m+ A6 W u8 | 15. Group lobbying' {- Z9 R) C$ E1 m7 h& a
16. Picketing
/ m9 P, O; f* { 17. Mock elections# T5 ]7 e% r! k
' ~$ v2 c7 }9 U. b( V/ i
Symbolic Public Acts
* f/ e7 D! j; t C; W 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
2 l$ w9 @" J* X5 y 19. Wearing of symbols
, H8 _7 n5 A: E3 N0 P T9 Q 20. Prayer and worship A; M7 r6 R3 j- j1 m ~
21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 p$ E, O6 ]8 d6 P+ y% Z4 X$ W 22. Protest disrobings, Q2 a8 q' ~% X1 J6 U
23. Destruction of own property4 ^2 i% F# N( w; k/ B6 G& m# i
24. Symbolic lights
, v* J p! k" g( F$ D 25. Displays of portraits
- h9 Y' x% K& z1 d! B 26. Paint as protest
7 a0 @$ r3 N0 T6 R! h: S' ]- u" G 27. New signs and names& }2 E3 s7 l/ z
28. Symbolic sounds! X3 z" k3 X% ~3 b& g
29. Symbolic reclamations, g ?# c3 d3 N, f/ u$ c
30. Rude gestures
& X0 ]" d& e0 K& b% q9 u+ w7 L# S) X- h
Pressures on Individuals! ^; G1 @2 B; O0 L @0 } h
31. “Haunting” officials
: @8 q% Q3 q2 A: Q8 ~* Z 32. Taunting officials$ Q* ]3 s! z) W0 x
33. Fraternization
+ l! [3 o6 ~2 M w% \ 34. Vigils; P! C- G/ C6 P8 A2 K
+ H8 n7 B5 y- R3 Q0 ]Drama and Music0 v* Z6 L V* l
35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ K: F0 i, H( p" I" a, b0 b 36. Performances of plays and music
0 X7 f+ o7 B* r+ g; d: [; o 37. Singing& h% T+ O9 m: h( s* m
4 _) \5 P% ^1 W4 O I: k4 R. WProcessions
+ r, n e- l2 s- `! ], K3 ^ 38. Marches% f- i* m* c% M7 D
39. Parades& S4 `3 g( k$ G2 v
40. Religious processions8 v' O( Z6 s0 m i" B0 S# w+ ?
41. Pilgrimages
3 T- O% U4 {( S! ~2 ^ 42. Motorcades8 Y i* F( W0 t; J% k) \$ R, l$ P
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Honoring the Dead# X) f7 q& w" Q1 R" ^
43. Political mourning4 D( n" E9 B+ p$ E$ Z
44. Mock funerals+ t( l. r$ u' O, X; u
45. Demonstrative funerals
2 n J/ V/ P; P9 D* z 46. Homage at burial places [$ j. G; H$ t9 T
( R0 W8 f* A9 z- G
Public Assemblies" R# h$ K, s1 T& {3 ?
47. Assemblies of protest or support
j' X1 s+ X' Q" `" R A* a 48. Protest meetings
9 a" n+ I0 m3 N 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: V4 @, H K Q# O U% K4 }5 e 50. Teach-ins
3 u- `$ W! s+ u: ?
6 |' G. p. i2 q. M7 O2 ?5 ?) U4 `& RWithdrawal and Renunciation$ u5 W" w& n" v+ b( Z6 D$ u
51. Walk-outs$ o t+ J6 S. X5 C$ e: s" S
52. Silence
/ t7 F9 I+ \- x* S- g 53. Renouncing honors# U$ W: V! Y1 A/ ]
54. Turning one’s back
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4 E5 c4 R* o) sTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 ], I2 l- N, C5 a5 ^* ^: wOstracism of Persons
0 a; B" U: z. p3 E. [ 55. Social boycott+ t3 p) f. j* f$ T7 A: Y
56. Selective social boycott7 E# D/ e4 ]+ q+ A" {
57. Lysistratic nonaction+ W: u( T% }2 M: _
58. Excommunication
, ]8 d; V! U. c% R8 q3 g$ W 59. Interdict
2 z9 C9 l$ V1 D# I9 {8 u9 m* I a+ C W4 `9 T
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 }3 v4 k% P8 R) H1 p4 t# Q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities- m; E( M x/ y" _, a# r- _
61. Boycott of social affairs
* t& N1 U7 H" P 62. Student strike& F1 B: j5 e( k! S/ N z
63. Social disobedience2 S% z. P% _/ Q) [" V
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 J3 b- c4 `5 O$ B; j# Q" ], h
, W# @* x* d- o' MWithdrawal from the Social System: D5 c5 C( s6 r1 U
65. Stay-at-home6 U; |3 ^# _4 s- U/ W+ G
66. Total personal noncooperation" `& z& c ?' }% r0 N/ x5 R
67. “Flight” of workers
8 }. r( H+ _; _ 68. Sanctuary0 w) x8 b" B0 i' a! \
69. Collective disappearance! g9 O+ `/ ^: Z9 ]9 s5 ^; \- b
70. Protest emigration (hijrat): I+ c- V, k4 m' r" l" R( S
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
8 ^8 C/ @$ P( m; R' x6 k6 v, t; g0 _) A6 L
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Actions by Consumers r" i! {, U8 A7 ~! I& V
71. Consumers’ boycott
" ~, c- X. m/ R. G9 H# F 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 L! U6 @; a# p$ \ 73. Policy of austerity* e5 e( b" K: V
74. Rent withholding
* R$ u, U3 N$ q) y& L9 J X* P, ^ 75. Refusal to rent
+ p! l3 }; c7 e v% ] 76. National consumers’ boycott' a9 F7 f, `) `5 S, `3 P
77. International consumers’ boycott
+ ~3 K4 K2 e* o5 `* Z, Q" R0 b2 p
! z, p) M. E2 G3 N4 _Action by Workers and Producers
0 }# I' h$ v# b# { 78. Workmen’s boycott
Z# ]4 Q, D! \ 79. Producers’ boycott
, k5 v: Z3 _* w
& C2 K6 f6 w. |5 ZAction by Middlemen6 L5 `( c, Y* ]* `5 r
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& s: D" l* `6 ~) i
* J, I2 [# q- l: e- f" e" {. P9 g- _Action by Owners and Management
9 _- S6 |0 [, S7 [ p4 u 81. Traders’ boycott
/ k. {9 n5 X) m, J: q1 @4 ^! j 82. Refusal to let or sell property
; m. I3 `5 H! k7 E/ R: ?2 M0 l 83. Lockout
2 b# r, g' X+ |& B: Q- V/ y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance. h3 M" y9 F& E; n8 {, p/ Y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: L" G3 d( h6 T# l" ~1 H+ Q6 e: b
- T/ ~) v+ h' n& [; v$ `Action by Holders of Financial Resources
; \/ k$ z3 W% b5 [0 N& d; J. R 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ r7 V* c' ~9 @) m, M
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( t E" q3 P' T4 h8 r$ |0 L
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' K" g) @6 V# A) I8 i$ b
89. Severance of funds and credit3 Q4 E, f$ g9 H: M: j, Z# o
90. Revenue refusal, N; K8 N! p' q) W! {" q" S
91. Refusal of a government’s money
g0 p% [2 S" Z' O, P8 U3 ^. Q7 Q' w, @, q
Action by Governments' r# z- g* P6 y2 B
92. Domestic embargo0 @( _: ~( N* X! c9 H$ {; n* [
93. Blacklisting of traders
7 J- r% C5 i3 e9 S$ \ 94. International sellers’ embargo' W+ X! ]9 p7 Q6 S/ z) W3 F0 N9 x
95. International buyers’ embargo1 o$ l! `9 P4 i$ G, W
96. International trade embargo
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/ f4 _, o( R( d# l7 U& CTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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9 I' x J1 F2 v$ _# J" } E+ GSymbolic Strikes
0 e1 I7 L- Q& }# u! G5 y) q7 U1 t, a# b 97. Protest strike2 z2 `$ }& |1 z8 E4 [" B
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)7 l5 n. k7 W0 \& n
; R U; j5 g3 H& z* ]
Agricultural Strikes
( B7 C. R; W( O: Q8 Y3 f0 P' n 99. Peasant strike' H5 p% n- Q3 L7 Z$ a6 z
100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ d3 v1 R; @7 }$ t# [3 ?. B/ K& I. K% h
Strikes by Special Groups) d( a1 c% F8 M6 N L/ N+ t
101. Refusal of impressed labor
5 }" k8 x9 z, c1 L, u+ q 102. Prisoners’ strike
^: u. B; ^0 f! i 103. Craft strike
. L6 f" }0 [+ l( \9 Z! f6 ?/ v5 D 104. Professional strike2 ?$ I; M4 ~: D, l) b
: D4 g* s* s) R" o1 e0 ]
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
* @+ v+ }8 y9 y; I) ?" G8 W+ B 105. Establishment strike
* k" E5 s2 r) P; G" x 106. Industry strike
- K6 F0 |" D5 [, b7 r' w3 p) r 107. Sympathetic strike3 G/ T9 I$ M3 s6 T
. H9 B, Q* h" F+ ~; U3 \* x6 qRestricted Strikes! ]! T+ }# k1 h& v% p) T2 \4 J
108. Detailed strike) [% k: x+ j2 k9 a/ \5 @- R; ~8 h4 g
109. Bumper strike
7 U6 h# d; h& Q 110. Slowdown strike; _( J$ ?8 q6 a
111. Working-to-rule strike
1 Y! N3 l: a* V3 j 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); Q0 g# V! D* n9 X/ x$ o
113. Strike by resignation# X, I/ n5 O* v/ I: @: }) y
114. Limited strike
' q l5 {2 T, p1 `; {) p# z 115. Selective strike
- C( a R% |: {' J1 X& z
" S% i7 S. \5 TMulti-Industry Strikes
2 j3 g- k$ T2 T K9 T, s+ ^2 D3 r0 N9 m) ]9 T
116. Generalized strike, v3 k1 P' V& `2 ~# U9 R+ ^4 c9 x
6 r( B- ~1 S! q; u7 k; R 117. General strike) ~4 |9 |5 P1 a, b. I
( l& |- H$ m) ^
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! |% `9 r- k! N# V- E) T ?2 A! b8 m, H, b8 @) K% L8 s8 b
118. Hartal
# p# K5 p+ w# n: Z( I& A. Q
+ \+ m4 z( I) e8 o9 i. j 119. Economic shutdown
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2 ~# H4 ^4 p. d 6 }2 E' [! t* F; A% J- E
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
6 x$ A u$ e, |0 d 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% g5 t) y- ?( x; M$ P6 a! x
121. Refusal of public support
7 Y. E6 K& ~. l$ u/ t. Y. J 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 u1 E1 V: e" l8 e& T! q
3 r2 F# B( r- R( m/ C4 DCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, b# k3 V& V2 F- o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" p8 M V, l- P C, G: F# ?* Y
124. Boycott of elections: L9 @& y6 E: C! C! d, U
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) u4 s" n# b% l9 C1 y% s0 h 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; }- O9 ~2 p$ R( Z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; b" \: C( J: k' b 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 ]- Q7 _2 i. V6 l 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents- I4 {2 ]* J. `2 }! {% g% A, t
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 i8 v. w2 r% y& o 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& T# `% L% c" r6 _ ~4 @. l" B$ J 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 J# w/ l. I; }: a! I! U
7 W$ T( ^9 m, X5 u, cCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 D; f, T, Z" u( l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance( U6 L8 ]! B( @2 ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 i9 \7 i* T2 X$ Z z
135. Popular nonobedience
4 J/ _* d, _/ l/ _+ m 136. Disguised disobedience
* L: @7 T/ d$ t7 [ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; ^3 F a! h8 o% M 138. Sitdown" F; w. ]7 G2 I( V0 F3 J) [
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! f0 Y1 A4 P+ f f% M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities" N* \9 B. H0 e6 f4 N; s
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, x+ ^- y% W# y3 T' R' b8 M& B& Z7 B8 Y/ C, f- @; ]
Action by Government Personnel
1 i* K) {) c9 L; x1 p0 N+ g 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ b' S3 Q. y- t* X) ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) \7 Q# c( H. L$ E* w/ B" O2 d 144. Stalling and obstruction
& p: V" f' a0 e9 x5 x5 j1 R" m 145. General administrative noncooperation- ?4 l; k* ]4 Y3 h$ ^9 }* Y
, l/ V/ J& g! C5 ]3 _
146. Judicial noncooperation! _( x! F( [$ a0 L5 b: k
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 T- A+ F k$ L( U
148. Mutiny" K2 y) ~+ y6 r( k9 w4 c
Domestic Governmental Action; e8 I5 Y! i1 a# Z$ v5 p: e: ]
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( `. r3 }" S" G& C2 l
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 d5 [5 m. D* M0 J# ]. `) X8 m) C7 V+ S
International Governmental Action
1 A; i% O/ v6 M* J8 n 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 `9 J: q% U- |/ Y7 S
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 }! b4 V/ h" _4 p& q. b" l 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition% ?! c2 C9 q; N) _/ s, }$ I
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, i- ?& v0 x) N' `% M4 L8 O5 j' K" {) ? 155. Withdrawal from international organizations, b- E7 p L u0 Q: C6 j; y
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) x! I, B m! l1 F9 V5 e. ~/ _ 157. Expulsion from international organizations6 q0 y" Q2 @8 r
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U W6 m- _. t- O/ P3 f% aTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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) L9 N# Y0 ?* ^. h3 K! ^% ^' gPsychological Intervention1 z# e9 C, I) ^, g
158. Self-exposure to the elements) M3 O: v- x/ l
159. The fast1 @0 ^6 M& l. I/ G# s+ \
a) Fast of moral pressure- G0 C) O" ]. m, K
b) Hunger strike8 B$ Z4 u3 s5 g8 R. `' I
c) Satyagrahic fast8 d$ |% b) T6 d0 V+ h
160. Reverse trial6 j& Q( r, i. [/ K0 g5 c# l4 ]- K
161. Nonviolent harassment U, m7 G9 u: \" r+ u" w( W) ~
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Physical Intervention' T* }! k; i4 W0 [
162. Sit-in6 J7 D) x m9 E& X1 ~9 m# \
163. Stand-in0 _7 u# R7 t, x o) z/ X# r* a1 {
164. Ride-in
+ _/ Y* p" x9 I+ p+ W. }" g, i6 u 165. Wade-in2 l+ j3 S* y) i8 V% C5 d' n
166. Mill-in3 v K& ` w6 d( I% x
167. Pray-in
8 c& \- q! |8 U 168. Nonviolent raids
7 f+ P) s" g* h/ @/ j4 W 169. Nonviolent air raids. b0 M* {7 W5 H! I9 d/ m$ k, F
170. Nonviolent invasion/ r+ f9 k5 z# q, X5 ^
171. Nonviolent interjection
; J. b/ P3 b" X8 @* d 172. Nonviolent obstruction8 D# u; i9 L7 m
173. Nonviolent occupation& n+ z- D6 V4 N- v- z1 [3 c# i
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Social Intervention
$ f/ N9 P) y9 l. G+ Z 174. Establishing new social patterns
& K, ]: `& `+ U5 A 175. Overloading of facilities% k* O; O! w3 X" J7 ?2 {% L. T
176. Stall-in
8 { w6 \7 G2 f0 U: M 177. Speak-in9 K4 q( r% c) s& e5 O" }
178. Guerrilla theater& T a( m* ~& {/ Z( Q$ V# k
179. Alternative social institutions$ Y' H9 w" X+ X% G9 Q. A9 G- \4 Y; q
180. Alternative communication system: Z! U3 l* ^$ Q# t- |
& S0 W+ B+ O e5 n0 m) S. \
Economic Intervention) o; V ?# @4 g4 w; [9 b
181. Reverse strike
' b5 P, V2 D; v% B% ` 182. Stay-in strike$ L, q0 s0 L4 r8 T2 v
183. Nonviolent land seizure
& |( R3 a" S/ K& f0 P& z 184. Defiance of blockades2 Y1 f' A! S: @) ~7 ^3 D8 B) u, t U
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* g( R4 `3 `1 ]4 v
186. Preclusive purchasing
, o* h) ?9 D# U 187. Seizure of assets. ^ j2 E' R: R- e; Y
188. Dumping
2 j0 ~9 |. `0 f 189. Selective patronage
5 ^- C8 u, D5 P5 b9 {3 u0 ? 190. Alternative markets0 N( m7 K {& Y2 @0 a/ k
191. Alternative transportation systems( B9 l) D# ^# S0 x4 J( O
192. Alternative economic institutions
6 |# @( ]4 g' x( i+ J2 j3 K/ G$ L$ M, h. ]1 _$ ]+ ?
Political Intervention
) P1 S7 s! `# C% N, [& O 193. Overloading of administrative systems
& G5 d z/ Y, m! Y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* k- i- K( `/ n2 p, Y 195. Seeking imprisonment
! J$ R' a% |0 K5 }3 b! _4 h' W 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
9 m9 A+ N: q. ~8 ~. V+ H7 u! q8 p- u% Z 197. Work-on without collaboration+ ~- [5 ^- @# ?) O1 a! x" `
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* X$ k8 L7 ^4 L9 c/ e( |
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
