 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: a% ^3 l0 K9 z& W, J0 I
Formal Statements
6 |. e+ D b; }6 m# v. y" X) | 1. Public Speeches% G% X! B8 D3 o, x5 \
2. Letters of opposition or support H' I$ s6 n+ M N B1 e' Z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ Z+ \+ B s- P( k
4. Signed public statements. D( l5 ]/ }+ |# K
5. Declarations of indictment and intention& D. f! r* `" o- m8 J+ [
6. Group or mass petitions) r0 e* r2 i& O3 ]3 c9 i5 t; T
+ p% \; K+ |# |6 W g* U3 _$ iCommunications with a Wider Audience9 L! c) B7 H! X2 T* j
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, d% F4 x4 x6 E+ n: W' j9 F- b2 P9 V
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" s4 M" i6 P( u6 U6 ?1 N
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* D* G' j k3 [& V
10. Newspapers and journals
9 G6 M5 J. i; g/ A 11. Records, radio, and television8 R/ `% {9 n5 K+ R( ?3 ?
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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Group Representations" P7 A1 h/ S2 f* L5 n* r
13. Deputations2 B+ ?* @/ g0 Q: J
14. Mock awards& d4 L& o3 g" z( j& g& s6 s
15. Group lobbying
7 `1 u0 ]/ `- q; x0 N) X9 C8 a( U* Y 16. Picketing
, s* V I; O, }% a/ R3 j 17. Mock elections5 Q6 b' n3 E. w) a( L* C
: s1 X; K& v4 y, e, U/ N) V: F$ W
Symbolic Public Acts0 G$ l/ ^) Z& k3 r4 Y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 l- N" [' y2 H6 g8 [
19. Wearing of symbols
" p7 R+ K2 d* h1 \0 J# J4 T 20. Prayer and worship5 u+ D" S9 h9 x0 @' M! a) z
21. Delivering symbolic objects/ @# B$ r9 V1 [2 m
22. Protest disrobings: K! j& o! |! Y/ G
23. Destruction of own property
. |- z3 p& ?8 C8 o8 Q. X# R 24. Symbolic lights
) z1 f/ R; n* u5 a' S4 i 25. Displays of portraits
1 |6 B: i* P+ C7 o8 B+ T$ m 26. Paint as protest/ q& t" v# x) O4 J1 T1 C
27. New signs and names% k: V# e9 X! o- A/ o- z; W; }
28. Symbolic sounds( A) |7 [* J" o+ V! `& F% L
29. Symbolic reclamations
- D' `( `7 {$ k, L( A5 O% Y 30. Rude gestures
7 }% V9 V' `" q- E
- K# C% o$ }" w( ]2 w6 y# c4 R2 FPressures on Individuals2 _0 H* X. K7 ~
31. “Haunting” officials
7 i$ Y U _* T( x0 F7 { A 32. Taunting officials; d- [% {( G% y% S
33. Fraternization% ^1 J$ J" A9 s! s1 B
34. Vigils* p" p" n0 e* G n2 L2 G
4 T" a$ `# ~4 \( cDrama and Music6 [; F0 v6 @( E' P, [% I; N* ^$ g
35. Humorous skits and pranks
: S% s, B9 \; o4 |+ E x- l9 g8 l 36. Performances of plays and music
5 E7 R( k, c& G# }3 ^2 ^ 37. Singing
: D4 U) f, |8 d% ^: S# ^+ |
6 X: @/ n# p- S0 AProcessions
9 K- S9 C- }/ w+ L+ i( O 38. Marches
, _4 P5 h9 u4 M5 D/ u7 {+ R) |6 ?8 M 39. Parades2 e0 d8 u8 i! Y; @6 L
40. Religious processions
6 U9 _% x3 I( a! t! B0 x 41. Pilgrimages- F: l. P. P, w% u) ~9 T& k5 k! `+ g
42. Motorcades
3 d: C' M9 i4 \, B3 Y
' g) k( b2 z7 L( wHonoring the Dead# M; a8 W# ]$ ?
43. Political mourning, G4 o! e ?% D7 V1 J& H
44. Mock funerals
2 _4 z4 a+ S3 ^6 j; [ 45. Demonstrative funerals
* y5 f9 H, G, y% Q% H3 m4 u" C 46. Homage at burial places
3 Z* n/ V- S5 b% m! T
' F; p9 \6 y) u1 WPublic Assemblies
% ^! ]9 |! J( o" r 47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 ~+ W5 q Y3 v. { M% P7 A' L 48. Protest meetings
, f$ c" F ?% _( E 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) o/ @/ X% s& E! V' k0 @- f& ~ 50. Teach-ins, \. |; R8 Q7 }) g
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Withdrawal and Renunciation) @$ z* V$ ~1 n9 S4 j5 H g* M( m
51. Walk-outs
, I+ y# G3 u( P, C7 L$ r9 c6 ` 52. Silence
$ J- u2 d( l/ J# a% f; M4 u1 q 53. Renouncing honors
* Z" a& }9 d- A# `) `% h2 e, d 54. Turning one’s back7 b4 J3 K7 b6 Q) s- w/ o' ?* g
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
e) s( T: A/ T- i. E3 g 55. Social boycott
* D$ f7 a1 S' z+ I/ E" ^1 _ 56. Selective social boycott
: f: D0 \+ ]/ x 57. Lysistratic nonaction
0 {: k- `6 r/ | 58. Excommunication
; P" `% A0 I" V 59. Interdict3 \' _$ i% y i( ?3 h4 p
" |% R+ L) Z4 @Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 s7 r6 i, g( y# c: l5 {8 W
60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ j# B/ O1 h$ X3 ~6 T8 Q
61. Boycott of social affairs- F% P2 S1 s! I# @8 _- q2 g' X' S
62. Student strike7 Z9 A; z& Y" T8 Y4 l4 k
63. Social disobedience8 @2 |+ @9 Q2 g( A0 v+ O
64. Withdrawal from social institutions( `6 s3 E# M* {; I- G# S8 g' v% ?
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Withdrawal from the Social System
' d; T% p7 M# a 65. Stay-at-home
7 O& U3 _# o3 C9 K 66. Total personal noncooperation
8 A5 S ] w, `) E3 r' F p 67. “Flight” of workers
5 O0 W: \) V9 K- P+ P# u 68. Sanctuary
# E! G m2 {6 u( I# z: C5 F/ e7 R 69. Collective disappearance
$ [ L0 \1 t' }* G7 D6 S 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 K5 i5 r' \" m0 w- d/ q( \
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Actions by Consumers
+ k6 h" @6 u$ ]6 b7 v 71. Consumers’ boycott
0 ^% H( R8 L9 N! j5 T9 u 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 Q% Y, W8 r/ ?/ `# I: Q/ c- x 73. Policy of austerity$ G z- Q I0 x) n/ K6 b
74. Rent withholding" d! F. `, T; h* \, Q3 k; L0 }
75. Refusal to rent) P& e; u7 u/ j) f% h6 [
76. National consumers’ boycott5 J: C9 v: O4 x$ R; g
77. International consumers’ boycott
8 Q2 h) v" }) I q1 s5 Y- g- Y4 X" x( O9 x! w
Action by Workers and Producers5 [/ v8 S9 g+ s/ n6 O W
78. Workmen’s boycott, c( q! B' ?' q/ @+ u
79. Producers’ boycott
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8 s, N1 e5 @- C: ^6 K) V& kAction by Middlemen+ u8 W c# S5 ^( V! H6 B" ~! k' p% ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* A. J7 j: k3 g' }, {6 g
5 m- m3 |3 }0 o" CAction by Owners and Management
4 c& M- k: {$ y' C8 z3 ]) R5 A5 t# S 81. Traders’ boycott$ g& h8 j( E& K9 R2 c! E
82. Refusal to let or sell property
: X6 B6 J3 I6 C! i 83. Lockout
$ h' F0 U8 Q, M: p& F 84. Refusal of industrial assistance+ V9 u- S# ]4 m% y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
, @0 y/ k! k# q5 `9 O+ ] 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 u G4 z7 m6 Z' c$ b# d( u; F 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; `( ^; e& d2 C. Y7 o# G
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- l: ? `- X( o6 w
89. Severance of funds and credit
# B! I) G3 L7 K) u 90. Revenue refusal
* a5 F1 X5 e( ` k2 |( B5 _ 91. Refusal of a government’s money% N/ q( O; A9 W4 u
; y5 w7 D, Q5 J6 D) _Action by Governments
, S8 }5 O3 X+ k2 P3 o, | 92. Domestic embargo N; N+ K$ P$ V- l, a6 @& c
93. Blacklisting of traders
+ X: d$ C/ ^& V 94. International sellers’ embargo
3 r: U, _* @6 O% q# c3 Z 95. International buyers’ embargo
( z, x F7 u# G; N* ]; C# ]5 L 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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8 w' S: I1 }( {7 b3 }, CSymbolic Strikes @& o% f" X, b; }: i- Y
97. Protest strike7 h1 A3 |4 f7 d. [. Z5 A
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 Q! {! T Q+ k# I9 o" ]3 L ^1 X$ e: j
Agricultural Strikes+ |+ s; a4 a) ?. ^8 L3 |) c
99. Peasant strike0 d" v: } i, y3 c$ U0 Y
100. Farm Workers’ strike* E: @' U7 j& x( h
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Strikes by Special Groups
- d' ?+ L( P4 V9 H3 B1 ~8 i 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 k, m3 r2 |# w 102. Prisoners’ strike
( @; b# Q+ P( U 103. Craft strike# J, j& s" C: g4 D* j0 J
104. Professional strike2 m0 o* u+ K8 } f$ X% @. K% h1 z5 O
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes
: V) a" m/ Z9 G& T0 |1 A 105. Establishment strike) s2 C% H3 b7 L, [# U8 |7 a4 M
106. Industry strike% G# I* ^% V1 i
107. Sympathetic strike
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0 j1 O1 m5 u# VRestricted Strikes
+ h* Y* | z/ O1 h8 T9 ] 108. Detailed strike) G/ U" S! x/ S9 p' X* M; n6 d
109. Bumper strike! T& S6 d4 {6 q. A, v; @
110. Slowdown strike
9 K1 {) W. R- s( E7 K+ e8 h8 M 111. Working-to-rule strike( S% J+ u) O: W/ s
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): J$ }* t% D9 D8 j+ m! Q, \
113. Strike by resignation% j# A5 B e1 X) g" G8 {0 V5 H
114. Limited strike
8 @3 x! o( S$ M5 G* s 115. Selective strike9 Q3 C# {/ W8 J b: {8 U( U& H
# I1 n5 Z+ |8 iMulti-Industry Strikes
+ h- }* h' Y2 x5 O4 y
6 I/ u! g! N0 W2 I4 ]5 h. g 116. Generalized strike; h* t. q+ W& r' i5 y
`1 v3 W, L% Q$ r( t4 r1 e 117. General strike
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) D) I( p8 o9 e3 h- G" MCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 S2 r& q; T' ?, t( a
/ b/ R# v5 c5 f. [ I/ q 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION) U5 |) W0 w$ D g+ Q0 H
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Rejection of Authority
0 f# F& b) T+ U2 m8 v1 O4 J( ^ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- K- P; e) X h$ d) a1 h7 q, C" ` 121. Refusal of public support1 W& I. }& c+ w8 q
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance) ^: z! f" g# h6 _- d
6 ~ X& ~% C4 l1 ?" A5 z& r* \6 QCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, a! b' C4 F+ S0 A5 ?. f 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
: m& @! j) L1 z# M/ Y! j 124. Boycott of elections
& w, g2 E4 _' w 125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 I9 [. u* c+ \2 `' n/ p0 F
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 f- P- ^) s4 `, h( U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 R S6 z4 p t
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ W2 e2 ?7 i; X. o* P) n, T% _# w) A9 n 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ d8 P, J% ]2 L4 J$ h0 p+ e 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks. ]) ?0 z3 V- i2 D! i$ S
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 p8 ?; h* O7 I" k) j
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# a. j) Q: k0 r" D
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- `1 m2 K5 f- {! E 133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 ^2 c4 B, ?, B, X- @- v
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ ~: ]* \9 s9 A, T, Q) m; v 135. Popular nonobedience
. u& o6 V( G- H6 u 136. Disguised disobedience
& c, ?/ e- V1 e1 c/ v } 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 F+ M0 j+ `/ _% J4 t8 l
138. Sitdown4 R+ W5 u- C; e, q+ F9 s
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation9 X# T3 |0 U1 L
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
. \6 \+ d# t: r6 ~5 e/ P( Q' a 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* \1 K" A, K/ R& g+ c1 q9 Y
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Action by Government Personnel0 \& K4 T$ K; I. @$ M
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides D7 T! B- K3 N) H& I8 B1 o9 G, R1 Y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ ?& j7 \2 _9 i
144. Stalling and obstruction
/ | b! M6 t5 l& X2 @3 V! a8 I- C 145. General administrative noncooperation
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4 d: l# Y( K# t# D# H; m 146. Judicial noncooperation
! ]" L3 Z, r( r* k4 ~; d- c 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 ?0 {, x0 I$ |& {& k, C0 Q 148. Mutiny& Y5 k) O' U- ?' M
Domestic Governmental Action
, V" i- z9 k3 P1 f' l7 L5 e3 U6 s 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays4 E7 G& Q P0 y/ F8 h1 K
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# O& N; x. a; N, k
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International Governmental Action
# g! V' `3 o" f" K' z! I: W3 X 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations2 c/ G" J6 ]( w2 ]! G0 K; I+ O/ Q1 d
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 S2 |& H# l& q2 |* f5 e
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
% k; D: I4 I2 F 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 h1 P7 ~7 e4 y/ ~% p5 P 155. Withdrawal from international organizations! x; }( ~% { Z+ U `3 `
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 v6 c/ a9 r7 P2 o( u 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 g7 e) d" }1 c$ J8 ~( I" f
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Psychological Intervention
v" ^( v3 M+ o n. N 158. Self-exposure to the elements* `- L6 \: T* ], ~
159. The fast
& v# o+ S+ M# J a) Fast of moral pressure
+ ^5 j0 Y( u$ X* s+ o b) Hunger strike
% v/ @/ v) p$ g c) Satyagrahic fast2 P9 z, }3 c: Q$ U
160. Reverse trial" j. A# N t; G( h: e
161. Nonviolent harassment8 |. ?0 K; Q! t# Y! V: p
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Physical Intervention, Y% h' X% {. O8 Z6 c1 G# R4 \
162. Sit-in; X1 ?0 F1 \7 t- n8 X
163. Stand-in" z; t' d% z6 c& d _+ K7 `
164. Ride-in
3 W, X, d4 T5 Q1 ^# m$ x2 L 165. Wade-in
5 y5 t, m1 A' I 166. Mill-in
% ], r' R% Z; s* F% z 167. Pray-in
+ y ]1 B; K/ R! T 168. Nonviolent raids* G b7 @& T u4 A- s+ R
169. Nonviolent air raids" j, o, d; W) R Y8 S
170. Nonviolent invasion2 g. y- ?3 H# H4 A9 ]8 ?) p
171. Nonviolent interjection# _! {6 r8 w( o- S
172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 L# P" H) W3 l 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention4 t$ K3 `. O# Z3 B- E; `
174. Establishing new social patterns( w5 |9 a$ |: c @
175. Overloading of facilities
0 E- q& P: Q2 @4 i) R# O 176. Stall-in% K5 i+ Y7 b9 z, n3 i
177. Speak-in# n1 F3 C& \/ e
178. Guerrilla theater& `" t. d1 @) d
179. Alternative social institutions
: W2 U# \2 R$ C) y: T 180. Alternative communication system
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# `' j3 q: G/ N* k: Y2 cEconomic Intervention
& j* n' S% L2 P) M. Z 181. Reverse strike
) o+ J ~9 N W& t. U. @9 a 182. Stay-in strike
5 U& T, L# k$ Z4 T& ]5 E1 a7 u 183. Nonviolent land seizure
# z2 a7 H" P) N% @9 j 184. Defiance of blockades
: p5 I6 ^+ u7 R; X5 W# z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ B' N) Y) p0 l0 I7 }
186. Preclusive purchasing
/ m0 f( t3 R8 B8 c B" j! e, c 187. Seizure of assets
( ]& d5 F: U8 A9 K4 r: H6 Q 188. Dumping, O& D8 \! f% ~) c
189. Selective patronage
( ^* @% X" U* y# o& f% n& |0 B7 y1 G 190. Alternative markets
, d) m' _0 j( }1 e$ W- o( l 191. Alternative transportation systems; ^/ s% G* g1 y3 p9 `: u- s- e; Q
192. Alternative economic institutions8 t5 U: ^+ p& ]9 x6 [
2 k1 [4 `) y( [! t6 }8 @Political Intervention
2 T0 E2 B- a" r3 b 193. Overloading of administrative systems1 d0 e4 d7 a9 c0 v( a8 ^- `
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ p3 H. R4 i3 n j" |- `
195. Seeking imprisonment
! S1 ]+ \. _$ L) y3 S/ Z! a 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 T- x' l; d8 }, G2 d( q
197. Work-on without collaboration" _8 y2 g, B6 n& |
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% K. Z* W" X7 a
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
