 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 A% i0 _( \: G4 |; n' h( z5 yFormal Statements
: j. e( H9 f& t) N 1. Public Speeches
L5 x# `3 w/ g4 T5 O2 t+ Y 2. Letters of opposition or support f$ {! d$ U! ?6 Z& b* ?/ C# R
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 J. J+ p) \0 d3 m. T# A 4. Signed public statements* _. F( i2 m* e! q7 \
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ R/ E" S# A" y$ N- E+ c7 n# k 6. Group or mass petitions- M# _2 W3 A- h
# |' c* T7 [$ d' _# qCommunications with a Wider Audience
* f4 q- Q Q8 C* @: b 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% P4 @& U! Z8 s) v( D
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" m+ C" d& `; S
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( R `% j" _) H T( r, a: h
10. Newspapers and journals3 B9 }8 n. r/ y; ]6 J5 Y$ a% }
11. Records, radio, and television! u4 a* r. v! X- ~, Y8 b: m5 N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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# [4 F. [4 H, G2 J. YGroup Representations6 \6 v8 |) W- _
13. Deputations8 {4 X, w$ @0 `( {. `2 A0 y
14. Mock awards
8 [6 J* a7 K6 x: E 15. Group lobbying0 _8 F. S- N$ n$ y" C( R; M
16. Picketing
1 I" k1 u: U2 _3 T+ Z5 d& | 17. Mock elections
- T; Q1 S4 S3 h1 W7 v. r# i: B( L! P) V' O5 h( L& a' W$ x0 C
Symbolic Public Acts
8 Z0 E3 @: j9 g6 V9 @ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ |; G1 J! R8 x3 j8 s$ E 19. Wearing of symbols/ \5 ~( R: N( N& E( w7 @
20. Prayer and worship; D* @: f$ R9 z+ b* t
21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 [; F& E3 ], J# `0 k) L 22. Protest disrobings* T& y) S$ n5 j9 _) y
23. Destruction of own property: }" o0 H! N/ C) D! Q" Z
24. Symbolic lights! p3 @2 p2 P1 y
25. Displays of portraits
7 q0 l9 `7 d" W8 ~$ r/ x H9 i) G 26. Paint as protest
+ Z9 n) q/ D$ v) E F1 [! s 27. New signs and names
8 x d0 d$ N/ A8 b) b 28. Symbolic sounds6 J% q+ O1 F6 h _
29. Symbolic reclamations
1 u. G. h+ B$ k+ h9 S. |% w 30. Rude gestures6 k- f5 d# w. I6 [
0 @: W. T$ s, F5 N6 C9 B
Pressures on Individuals
- W4 O2 |3 ^$ W* q% L& {; H 31. “Haunting” officials
9 _' a5 f0 I" \2 A 32. Taunting officials5 J3 @: h8 |8 Z0 t' `# [; m( F% D
33. Fraternization
! r& T9 ~, n* J) j7 u$ I9 O4 P 34. Vigils
$ _! d5 L( `+ i. ^- l2 M' O0 Q) {- W( @, d" C* l8 w3 d
Drama and Music
' W) n5 M6 T9 k 35. Humorous skits and pranks7 N$ m/ a, ~( J* s& O3 w* x
36. Performances of plays and music
' Y* r$ l) u2 m& }: @0 @ 37. Singing- G* |) W# P% t0 z$ C8 Q
0 f R# O" i2 \0 V3 e- S$ ]Processions
) W+ |# D n/ c6 ]9 p/ F } 38. Marches5 v) W# f' l9 m; |
39. Parades3 w6 o, A! l, K/ N3 N w
40. Religious processions
0 ]: L- v& m! W5 d: f5 A 41. Pilgrimages
- w$ y9 V; y! B: ]0 x1 {8 O$ m6 A% d8 ] 42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead
$ \3 Q j) D8 p9 j, i$ k 43. Political mourning
5 a5 E$ W1 b4 r, m' k; \ 44. Mock funerals$ F6 ~. J; N; |( O1 N6 W# A
45. Demonstrative funerals
- ?0 s6 W( m- \8 o( j! W, o 46. Homage at burial places
: {$ e- @" }$ m* L0 _. g, S% k4 l' T/ [6 q( }9 o7 F; k7 u
Public Assemblies
% R% D1 Z8 n6 c# w6 s) O& a 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* j" \% w6 B$ ?5 B; p 48. Protest meetings
) B3 r, \2 U2 h& W {/ q. u4 P 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% a& |! ~" @; S3 k9 M* } 50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation p& e& l, q4 D a& }3 V: `
51. Walk-outs
- }! e: a: c! q4 q 52. Silence" t7 l; m! ]. v' R+ }4 F2 ]/ Z
53. Renouncing honors
/ a* {+ R" i7 w. a: `! |- q 54. Turning one’s back
" b7 v* o+ ^& _, [) V; C
- W E8 s2 i# j# s- j 4 v) j1 Z" O/ t5 b: z
% O7 f6 u; s! c/ P1 o, jTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: B+ T& M. Y0 F8 @& y2 J4 |0 t2 }1 e0 X$ b, v! h
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1 I: J) ]. ?6 P9 ~ U8 @: O1 [
Ostracism of Persons' J+ w* T$ z- d( f3 [
55. Social boycott
, `( `1 e# A0 n8 C @ 56. Selective social boycott
, H5 q: `0 q) {3 T 57. Lysistratic nonaction# V! D. ~$ Y' j" W* }( V
58. Excommunication
( }% d" k+ f M5 l3 T 59. Interdict
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, s6 H% S! p1 B5 W; D4 M: ~Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. T3 a( J: Q' q1 k: ?+ P
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 h6 m9 P* B: Z/ K( v 61. Boycott of social affairs8 E( S3 W2 j! w9 x6 Y2 s `0 C' u. d" ]# x
62. Student strike
8 p& ]- k# U0 a( c2 i* Q; u 63. Social disobedience6 q. R- A- U1 w! R; L& t! V
64. Withdrawal from social institutions, P% J) F& p7 M
! b7 C( T, L7 ?6 Y/ _7 }0 SWithdrawal from the Social System
/ R# Z/ f+ _* E 65. Stay-at-home
! N0 @5 j7 v; l2 N& g" H1 i" Y 66. Total personal noncooperation
; t; G% b/ Q' c8 n8 \ 67. “Flight” of workers& D; Q$ K: }4 z, v7 N B
68. Sanctuary# Q6 @0 O$ I! |& _ k0 Y9 W5 Q* J' v4 h
69. Collective disappearance# u/ h# s) y9 p: M" c
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% ?/ E; a+ B( H
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7 l9 F* u: V" u: UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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; O1 X" G8 J* U8 `9 ^5 c7 ?! WActions by Consumers
; J" D8 i9 N8 Y$ v4 Y6 ^& D9 ] 71. Consumers’ boycott1 A- k* J# d7 q* w! {! L$ P
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods) \3 z7 t/ N) m- o* v* B
73. Policy of austerity* P' M% {1 E, g) j1 B- p
74. Rent withholding# d6 o) g- N7 H+ F' t) _& J
75. Refusal to rent
4 c; O9 L0 Z8 y+ P$ L% O, x$ F/ o 76. National consumers’ boycott
& P/ W# v B5 i4 ^: y 77. International consumers’ boycott
% `$ \* j1 k) g, c: X( d5 u5 o4 C4 d* ?, b @% g' e
Action by Workers and Producers
6 h5 `# @2 ]; U8 I5 O: b' d; j 78. Workmen’s boycott
6 r; `+ F# @3 D 79. Producers’ boycott% C7 ^# Z' o- ]; }- w
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Action by Middlemen
. W8 z' l3 O- ` o 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 n) E1 [; O# }6 D H$ {
( [( r9 Y7 r. _- W4 b
Action by Owners and Management7 u3 A& C3 p* x* ]
81. Traders’ boycott
2 k U# f2 P9 e4 B( a 82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 c6 @$ j5 @1 f. E 83. Lockout; _5 I# { b% c, K2 D3 I5 X) _
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 o$ \# A6 z6 ^2 g U0 e 85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 a# v4 B, m4 K
% Y7 ]$ ]) G! r5 @( i
Action by Holders of Financial Resources& E5 D5 `* a+ T4 b
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 _9 l2 O `+ O 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
; a3 S4 w- s' W5 M 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 O5 C) }1 U; U8 k( @( j3 C0 I0 i/ X
89. Severance of funds and credit
( b0 @ H! |8 T6 N7 b7 O0 y) S8 B" B 90. Revenue refusal! A' V% Y3 W' Q
91. Refusal of a government’s money( i- c: ~/ a, u
% {( U) h, u4 S3 Q. V' jAction by Governments
% C# q+ `2 M) t8 g. h2 S N 92. Domestic embargo1 l0 ~* L- D, K j% u
93. Blacklisting of traders# R) K! P* c9 s! O6 A8 n
94. International sellers’ embargo7 [% n f8 o5 Y9 c7 E* ^
95. International buyers’ embargo
; i' n: z/ q4 n+ W 96. International trade embargo( m; ~. m7 y' V7 x. e" P
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 p+ w! @3 l$ ^. f! Z5 m
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3 V% w3 q$ Q' X+ r- Z: OSymbolic Strikes$ Q. F( W- z! x$ v. ~+ P
97. Protest strike$ D( s9 ^' v1 [) M- ^- O
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 D9 L& S1 v/ E8 l# D& B
8 |( M- m/ ]9 ^* }$ b1 A, B2 N- f# {. sAgricultural Strikes" x' G* W7 K0 W9 {1 t0 {% Q
99. Peasant strike
' i }$ E+ c. s: ]# N 100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 e. @7 W8 ~9 c2 `( i8 M9 o
$ X( o: o* r1 d- H) OStrikes by Special Groups
@- J" X% M" x1 e( e; ? 101. Refusal of impressed labor1 i8 O0 M5 S, X! E2 f
102. Prisoners’ strike
% l! J0 u& t0 x' E$ u( o6 L 103. Craft strike
2 ^$ j2 g! z. b+ ]; k# U( j 104. Professional strike
% o- g: B# f/ ]5 q1 e- |$ C1 m. ?2 k, ]3 O' F6 ?# V, a
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
1 Z c. o( E) J0 p' W 105. Establishment strike6 Z! p6 e6 s' g3 Z" Y
106. Industry strike) S' h0 V2 V8 L& ^6 I: \6 a+ u
107. Sympathetic strike5 l4 _2 A" {6 B* `8 g+ u. `
K* \$ j) |6 P7 X# r9 QRestricted Strikes
7 U% @% k8 U: Z3 y) R( d a 108. Detailed strike
}+ ~; ^( B* B/ E" z 109. Bumper strike
7 H) d7 m; `6 |% ^& _ 110. Slowdown strike
" c6 k' `7 X, t N 111. Working-to-rule strike- e0 w1 @" R5 Y* U
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% O3 `9 H8 p# X
113. Strike by resignation$ h) A: `4 l) o8 _! u
114. Limited strike
2 i$ i, J" |* l) L$ ] 115. Selective strike
+ u% ~$ U$ X! X7 R2 V# c& ^1 u) M6 V2 ~
Multi-Industry Strikes
1 x* ]+ C& z2 [; s/ b& S
' Y8 E( Q' X6 G1 b! d: ?& a7 n 116. Generalized strike+ t& [; T, X4 w3 ]0 U, B
( Y. F' v) [0 \ 117. General strike
1 J. P) J4 y( U. U' K; s0 U
0 |4 S" Q5 k. d" \Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 G9 ~# Z, j1 A: {- |; X" L' a j& N o/ \9 k% t: {
118. Hartal
2 z7 y+ l# ]" U0 G0 v
& R/ Z A4 ~$ ~6 j( k 119. Economic shutdown: }& t6 Z) V, G5 ^3 |' e2 V0 t
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8 U2 w5 d( w( v' OTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( v8 W3 H- J4 H# K* \' s$ b
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9 Z5 U% _: L) f+ wRejection of Authority
4 E8 A2 j' X8 f" \) L" y7 ` 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance" T2 }- E$ Y/ C' t8 L
121. Refusal of public support
; J( e9 _9 e& ^- n1 y% l9 Q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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" p: f- Q' A; kCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government) v4 a, @# I" I8 t: G* q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 [1 o8 s2 e1 _1 x9 `
124. Boycott of elections N: Q% b$ @7 m& O7 K
125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 u1 L, p, C9 Q g! [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
& n3 R6 U) @2 O6 F% n% B 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions! f! Z# \/ U9 J7 F! Q
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
( h; U0 U4 n. x: w( |6 `8 W 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 j, ~+ M2 f3 h9 I" S! I
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ }0 U6 `* ] X6 K
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, |. G* n( n, U N 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
3 Z6 _1 U# w5 z3 j l/ Z
4 n; H% H: x! ?' a7 FCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. I0 Y* s- _, r2 q3 F) R 133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 L/ u, S9 c1 V M+ S) F m7 w
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 ^( p$ f- K8 O: ]$ D
135. Popular nonobedience8 r7 g2 |) V3 O4 h( |5 J9 ^" Q
136. Disguised disobedience
5 {* ~3 c" |; o2 s1 ~" D+ ~$ C1 E 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse! A4 L2 d# R3 M3 I, C5 e# S; R
138. Sitdown; n6 T' T1 ` J o3 u7 f" ]7 _9 p1 V3 t C
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% G( o& I1 r5 Y4 R1 E3 @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& ^4 ? |& U: s( T2 Y. m- Y- ]6 a+ H3 j
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) A$ a! n+ P/ S: _) w
2 [2 Y4 a& t+ TAction by Government Personnel
0 j* A! \ k0 z- W 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides( o8 E) w$ s5 _1 K6 c' k/ Q7 L
143. Blocking of lines of command and information( k0 r% t7 L$ L7 m9 e/ C
144. Stalling and obstruction. ?; k2 I- G" n8 ], I( M- H
145. General administrative noncooperation' a5 n1 ~5 F, \# G: `) Z
% ?# V5 C! F) Y1 D1 d3 l9 g+ V6 z
146. Judicial noncooperation0 H% E5 S" G$ z, @, E4 a$ S. l
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 S. n/ @2 z( e0 J 148. Mutiny
6 J2 g( z+ u9 \5 [& ]7 JDomestic Governmental Action: {& A- g- x1 C! w' q
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 d5 @+ u# e- r; m3 y( B" h
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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" J) n8 ^# z# f5 Y" q5 [" z4 R R3 LInternational Governmental Action
7 ~. ^7 e" t! h) L6 G' m 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. f! B! d" s5 k5 F: ?9 w! [" L
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* T! ^- J4 u2 e* W; X$ Q. M
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, Z2 \ M7 f; v0 E9 ^
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' B; o% W5 ~; I4 U( h
155. Withdrawal from international organizations! W9 e2 {* g) @+ ~
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 _+ `" I5 O* \6 z: L7 n 157. Expulsion from international organizations, n; W* t3 P+ @6 D, W
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 }) ^1 ]/ i; L( Z& E
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Psychological Intervention
# a2 s9 W; U* e0 c( _6 z' v 158. Self-exposure to the elements/ E8 ?: ]" i, }
159. The fast
% T2 n. L q& P, H0 h3 _5 B. N, B a) Fast of moral pressure
0 w( R+ w" a V/ G: [5 |( P6 Z b) Hunger strike
& l2 V$ W+ v0 |' A7 l T8 Y# e0 M c) Satyagrahic fast
; D4 |5 S+ ~; V) o7 q 160. Reverse trial
- G3 z# W" U" _$ m. m: g. O) b# a 161. Nonviolent harassment( J, {* S+ y& N
9 ?+ D. k6 x# C1 I# j4 W: t+ B4 qPhysical Intervention
9 R7 C9 O" d( k 162. Sit-in
2 E- n, \1 B6 }. e6 k 163. Stand-in
{# z, z# m+ H5 @/ O- @- B+ ] 164. Ride-in: p/ p) }0 |6 U" z k7 A) ?
165. Wade-in4 b2 P% K! p4 M% K) v0 `9 P
166. Mill-in
- K; H, F) _; `% L4 J 167. Pray-in
9 H* A/ k5 |2 \: K8 R8 a 168. Nonviolent raids6 d; d5 L, M; k M$ F: e* c4 Y
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 }9 _1 Y! ]9 L6 k9 s O& \7 w 170. Nonviolent invasion0 E% G5 D- t$ W/ {4 P
171. Nonviolent interjection
& @8 o/ Z0 x" E1 l( f* D' S 172. Nonviolent obstruction
+ i1 g, A3 x, F( }' s# R/ c" D; b 173. Nonviolent occupation, E7 F+ j G+ k! w: `
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Social Intervention
& W! f7 k$ @/ K. m& W 174. Establishing new social patterns6 p6 `6 e! d Y' ~5 A5 `
175. Overloading of facilities
; m) ?( |5 Q! x* v& f! A0 G 176. Stall-in
5 M r* s' V& _9 u5 \ 177. Speak-in( h: \6 ^* a/ j0 x% R# B
178. Guerrilla theater* H$ Q3 S9 ^' I" ]' \3 a, C0 L3 H- S
179. Alternative social institutions
; w6 |( I+ d1 ^9 i 180. Alternative communication system9 g! Z7 p, i& z+ S8 b, d3 ~
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Economic Intervention7 d/ F0 |1 y; j
181. Reverse strike
( f( h Z9 _9 T! R1 A w 182. Stay-in strike9 q! k; R1 @8 {6 p7 r* g* O2 u
183. Nonviolent land seizure
: c. Z. d4 y, {+ q& g 184. Defiance of blockades
* c' ~1 E& L9 a 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: l6 _1 L2 | }, z7 A 186. Preclusive purchasing t1 l8 e( P" N3 b4 z9 T
187. Seizure of assets Q- Q1 x( m* ~: [
188. Dumping
0 y4 P% _5 \; [# O 189. Selective patronage" _9 O: `; d9 z+ M" M* r
190. Alternative markets
* r/ n$ b- p5 n# [6 E! A 191. Alternative transportation systems. r* H- p1 C- u$ Y+ d+ [2 m/ D
192. Alternative economic institutions% j" U4 Y4 j- P5 Z
7 E& J7 o3 F8 s" m) q3 iPolitical Intervention
]6 U v& V1 |8 c. z 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) O7 u+ I* H0 G( L* w 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' F0 S- V3 i6 l2 O }6 e Q, a' f
195. Seeking imprisonment
, K" }% l. u t 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws( J. i7 R" p2 l! P$ }& b3 D2 _
197. Work-on without collaboration' @8 b G6 g! r! H* h
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
