 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 f# [3 `- z6 @2 y
Formal Statements
g5 b& C. V/ o$ J( c% } 1. Public Speeches
( h4 l$ J% \( q" A% h% L* O 2. Letters of opposition or support) r) s& c% w- C$ I! C, f- F. U
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 E7 h0 Z) T5 g5 _" p
4. Signed public statements" D- j1 H: ?* Y t: \
5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 u! S! A) R; w5 ^ a
6. Group or mass petitions# S7 O. ^+ c7 S( S
0 ]3 ~+ G5 \* C! i7 kCommunications with a Wider Audience
! L" Y2 s! h6 W. n4 }) a6 p2 E0 h 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 p5 e c/ R% M0 b5 ]. t7 [7 e 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications; ^/ T9 S/ B5 C( w$ t9 o2 s
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
$ A; P. T. p+ n1 A6 c+ b$ y 10. Newspapers and journals
7 D, i6 F- s' n1 Y 11. Records, radio, and television
# g. b0 G6 h" C/ W5 r 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! s0 m d6 Y4 T2 d3 l/ J/ W: w# L( [2 q1 f* R
Group Representations. ?4 r, H% m0 v
13. Deputations
5 u ~% w. z' j 14. Mock awards: z6 x0 ^ x! X. C
15. Group lobbying
F, Q- `9 O9 K 16. Picketing$ q; Q, J' q' z/ s# R
17. Mock elections- _1 N' u; ]' m# t ?
! b n- p% M. @" F& nSymbolic Public Acts
9 U3 } [& e, f, ~4 j1 b) ?2 Q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
& k2 U# g+ R+ i# m4 @5 H 19. Wearing of symbols3 _: `) x% J1 S) b8 @
20. Prayer and worship2 D, {% P% p7 y6 f5 g% g
21. Delivering symbolic objects
' i% u ^& ]& l7 y1 n 22. Protest disrobings
, W: k. F: I8 G. m: m% {0 N 23. Destruction of own property
4 v3 L2 H3 c& X 24. Symbolic lights7 _( ?( h8 F; A3 x: h% a
25. Displays of portraits
4 P: X$ n; K( j% P8 w; |6 e; J 26. Paint as protest x+ S( X$ C5 A# c* h
27. New signs and names& }. t9 L' v. f! r
28. Symbolic sounds- P0 k1 x3 P; z# O
29. Symbolic reclamations y$ I7 _, h# K; p- D
30. Rude gestures
+ X: k* k8 o( i5 Y" k5 C
& n+ ^0 N# v% h1 `6 O0 vPressures on Individuals
1 c& A- r- }; T6 j" q/ p: q* M 31. “Haunting” officials6 ~- h* i; o- }
32. Taunting officials9 a; x3 k' Y! N! s; N3 p( D
33. Fraternization
/ _* E( J# l) ]. z Y+ y" H 34. Vigils6 N( I/ ?% O8 ^7 V0 R2 d
5 j0 q9 t1 {' B: B0 ], e w) L
Drama and Music! a% `$ r& {4 u, G9 X" S: y$ `9 r
35. Humorous skits and pranks K' W; U% o2 Q$ b3 |+ e) |3 P
36. Performances of plays and music3 k. r- o/ T( K" e$ v3 D' [+ r
37. Singing
1 g' g2 ]1 ^% A& Z* l9 ]& I/ ?9 B1 h
Processions' E3 [+ F% y4 N( ^
38. Marches
" ~' y8 A; [% u& v% H2 h1 [ 39. Parades
$ T; i L# Y X 40. Religious processions
6 ^$ g5 R/ g# n' _8 X& f1 { 41. Pilgrimages
' d# g' E9 u; w6 N3 G. n4 G: } 42. Motorcades3 e; l M t3 {( v3 P
' A9 b' I! c/ s7 LHonoring the Dead0 f* q2 V" e% [+ N) t( _
43. Political mourning L4 b' y; \. c5 N: V
44. Mock funerals- c/ b7 A& L' Q) |
45. Demonstrative funerals
* i0 b; U2 B& q( w! H6 e+ L" C 46. Homage at burial places; x" R: L% l0 t, e' H
% L9 L3 Z! _5 [9 R6 l- o! ?Public Assemblies9 C4 W5 Q- U Q
47. Assemblies of protest or support& O% }+ h& H5 a8 n
48. Protest meetings
' |2 B s! _2 X: ?& y v* D 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 ]/ K8 Y7 i! U
50. Teach-ins
* L% |1 D) R+ _& E w9 m8 L
$ K& D2 {9 [% S! eWithdrawal and Renunciation
0 m" Y4 `( L9 f) r2 |0 O- K' \: ^ 51. Walk-outs
1 a# C' H9 @6 m( ]' i; A 52. Silence. w7 `2 s4 t1 C5 X
53. Renouncing honors
2 G# R8 a+ N a g; d; n ] 54. Turning one’s back: m; }. ]) q# d6 H8 M
3 @$ g+ D f! e! a
2 ^& w8 P O: D' K% z
' ?; {+ V/ `0 o( g' o9 C9 N4 L9 lTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
2 J3 ^) |( u4 A. C, U; N8 `$ n, ~$ r( v$ {+ ]6 l
; W3 [ l3 E1 a; R/ W
- o9 D& N- ~+ o+ v3 A3 ]; xOstracism of Persons5 y* @* u/ I. c7 p' v- M) I
55. Social boycott
0 A0 K* X v0 D8 d5 G" d# y 56. Selective social boycott
. y7 q- u" n$ Z8 ] 57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 r3 J. _; a* B 58. Excommunication2 l U* Y! z* @* x
59. Interdict/ u1 v( Z8 m% ]8 i
, t( w3 D- V1 BNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( M8 S: C# }. e7 F4 C# C
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( [7 H7 w& U+ s/ D) N* r0 k 61. Boycott of social affairs
+ ]' ^' x7 r/ e* O$ U' }2 \1 Y) J 62. Student strike% y- N8 C/ M% `2 l" m
63. Social disobedience
& p& d( n4 d# W' x9 j" u. | 64. Withdrawal from social institutions" J3 ~9 h, X2 _+ P" Q+ {5 e' J9 Y K
0 t( H( h, V$ a7 x) M" D" bWithdrawal from the Social System
, q. J1 r# l' h* \) N2 n 65. Stay-at-home0 a6 ]1 ~) P5 [6 y% g( ?- t1 G
66. Total personal noncooperation
[# _8 u5 a9 o2 K" E I 67. “Flight” of workers6 k* i" O4 A+ C" o3 R9 Q
68. Sanctuary; k0 u) n( E& t* U7 D. O/ t
69. Collective disappearance
5 D. `& ?# H' ^' X8 S- |& \( A 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 c$ ~5 z0 W/ c
& E& q; i, ~3 G$ K
8 `. Y$ i# D7 [3 L8 O+ G+ b
8 U0 V/ O0 W2 t7 `, w( b2 ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: b5 w. T; S" I
; L$ d8 G; |' P
. j9 R5 [; g* n( eActions by Consumers. l. Y- V1 i x1 Y" g- D# b
71. Consumers’ boycott
4 Z; [6 v: r$ [ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% `' x8 [: F) A/ L& i5 { 73. Policy of austerity; J) J9 F6 u B2 ?, B" `
74. Rent withholding
8 Q. S9 y0 j- k g; o2 C/ N8 { 75. Refusal to rent
$ z1 D u* E1 z5 v" |) J 76. National consumers’ boycott. }6 o5 D- }) S. g
77. International consumers’ boycott
0 V1 ?* m! N6 x- \' M. q
% }* Z% P- ]3 e' `: O& PAction by Workers and Producers. w' f* @$ j8 S" D5 ^
78. Workmen’s boycott
2 e j: R- a8 D! T7 |4 H 79. Producers’ boycott
, w, a p. h8 N3 |! g( x! ]+ z" T+ @, [8 s
Action by Middlemen& [- n5 x ^1 ^
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 a. i) ~+ v. R+ G. x/ ]5 u) K/ x% w) I. R% S1 @- L8 S+ d
Action by Owners and Management
+ z7 s H; C. k* u0 h6 t& z9 \ 81. Traders’ boycott" V1 Y0 z/ y; U% I- _* I
82. Refusal to let or sell property
3 | s; A, k. N | 83. Lockout
# n$ }9 l; q! ^# W1 \ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance' f# |7 |& [ ~3 R3 n
85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ d }% m) N1 p# t
9 N3 k3 A4 c) z* T4 K, C; C' oAction by Holders of Financial Resources4 q/ `0 Y5 |9 M8 s _$ t, P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
; H1 m6 P* s7 \8 F: c( X1 t/ f 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* A' Y: z9 V- H, \
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
# u* i+ V9 V! C4 _6 u r9 N 89. Severance of funds and credit
& p5 j! |2 {$ y3 V' O- ^ 90. Revenue refusal. |: ?" h7 w; p* {, b
91. Refusal of a government’s money
s5 F1 F4 D$ {0 K3 [7 j, r
: Q' ], |; L% PAction by Governments
& D! U/ `' M5 e$ m 92. Domestic embargo
5 y6 E1 [. G1 [9 r {5 J% Z/ M/ Z 93. Blacklisting of traders
1 X7 i( l& D( t 94. International sellers’ embargo
0 T( c: \1 ]1 I! L 95. International buyers’ embargo7 \: H4 j8 I$ |( h
96. International trade embargo
8 ?3 t' I/ D) e( c2 o
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: K' l( y1 ` l, { ` ^ _. ` h
4 r" v. [% w1 ]2 }4 I/ c$ r
0 K6 a; K& O% VSymbolic Strikes9 } D0 F+ E: p: W% R
97. Protest strike
" E6 o6 S# f( i! ?6 J! n# O 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- E4 q8 ]" b5 [3 v0 t. b: q8 }+ v6 ]5 w) h1 X
Agricultural Strikes
3 g5 M, l% }6 i. B6 e) E( [ 99. Peasant strike% B2 w( l& r8 O/ D4 r
100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ Z; C" a }4 C0 f" W+ z0 c& f( p" [5 T1 y
Strikes by Special Groups
& }$ Z' H* V% m W* |! y- j# O8 f 101. Refusal of impressed labor
( b4 d# x% W5 }1 _5 c 102. Prisoners’ strike
& v* p6 s2 m9 w 103. Craft strike6 x" m# s4 W% F, a a: ?0 s
104. Professional strike- W; I. S0 ]( K; }
1 R# T, {5 e! \" r5 \. H* u8 JOrdinary Industrial Strikes
4 [8 h% C- B- K 105. Establishment strike
: ]2 \& _, a. ^- q# K3 e; z 106. Industry strike# |! W* \6 y4 B, S2 m& C8 @
107. Sympathetic strike- X4 ^0 o( Q9 e8 C
$ t+ j6 {7 R3 M
Restricted Strikes
; c9 D9 Y4 e8 z2 q 108. Detailed strike& f; |/ ? l) H4 _; O& x5 Y
109. Bumper strike
$ H- _6 r/ |3 B5 n8 p. w: t 110. Slowdown strike! C/ E% o+ H3 A6 |) }% w
111. Working-to-rule strike
% ]" X; E; d7 @- c2 E 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) G: C, k. A5 g) P1 E9 j 113. Strike by resignation
7 y; h8 s. \( p 114. Limited strike+ Y) f7 o2 W3 z+ y+ n
115. Selective strike
7 F6 ^1 y$ Y" k7 l% q; _6 U) P# p# w% c. N5 c9 v1 r' Y
Multi-Industry Strikes7 I q3 |( ^1 u# F4 N$ m
. B+ t- z- R# \" u; ?) O. ~ 116. Generalized strike
9 A1 F- I* h, Q7 V: A* X' ]' M
/ U4 E1 B9 J- |2 ~$ r 117. General strike
; n; r; Z/ v) w7 O3 O3 s z
: M) ~8 h6 A8 r7 K/ r3 F: kCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 v V0 c3 I- `4 L* b. ~9 R
$ p" J& @- c8 @" n9 ], K/ M 118. Hartal
. f, f- U5 z& S* Y" r
& c. |- J7 A7 r 119. Economic shutdown9 |% I$ k# t5 z% _! h
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* M6 @$ Z6 ^# @; U( u9 v2 R+ t7 |. B: n0 @6 X5 L% B
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
) i8 G2 |7 c. Q2 u* }% k% t/ _; l
6 x( D+ \" H3 |. Q, ]
# c. t4 m, H4 X/ m5 S$ Q8 j$ n% jRejection of Authority8 Y* \' s( C+ _ D* K0 r
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; E1 O( a4 D1 b. H$ p b( ]
121. Refusal of public support# p8 r, [! B0 Y! l8 Y4 @/ g ]
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
& ^2 U6 j X$ B. L& S/ B, d) T( w) V' v$ U/ j4 B" H9 E
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 d! [4 ]" X% @. a h) `, a1 S* w 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; o& ~3 U* y w6 G# F: i 124. Boycott of elections1 ?5 d* v6 f# j, |4 |
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 u. S. [2 G3 W- v# Z- ?4 x0 E 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, y( O6 z* p7 f p/ Q8 X. n U( m 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 g; d( [. N: m) U 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 E( B, D8 z* u
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ p, ~9 N! D- W 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
& @5 f6 Z* G4 F. Q& O 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% z- A: W# o+ |8 }! T6 w5 L 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions2 J% U" D) g- U9 `. g. p: N' D; g
8 m- ]: X0 v. b# j: V
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience% D( s) N- o. B7 v
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" W1 X! ^" p3 G K, m1 \ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" b: Y; A/ W' e# C$ _" y4 Z$ p$ H6 ?! ?/ w 135. Popular nonobedience1 {5 J& k8 K A' T; b
136. Disguised disobedience
1 j7 j9 Q2 O$ s 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 E7 i" b5 Y! i6 t
138. Sitdown
# i6 a# I; ^$ _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( Q% D# y3 d+ a# j, L. j 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: M" @6 `2 L: K0 ~; c+ K" L
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) O# Y+ F$ z& q/ Q+ G" W6 S% p# h! Y8 L$ Z) T* q6 }$ g
Action by Government Personnel
+ ?+ W5 Y, X% t( k8 i* Q0 e! s 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides5 ^) B$ G1 {! r3 ]' Z* k$ C+ w! F
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
\4 u0 L% p/ C, r' E+ M$ G- T% K 144. Stalling and obstruction
7 T) ^- L$ J( \, M* ` 145. General administrative noncooperation
7 e5 L6 L% C- Q2 h& P2 ?2 V4 a; D4 X8 @2 m" y
146. Judicial noncooperation: [8 L0 ` k* g
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 W1 C& Z9 j0 v9 a
148. Mutiny1 x5 R5 K" i8 h( a0 T* y/ b- U
Domestic Governmental Action
$ C! f ]9 g4 x) J: ^( g* T 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( z# R0 {; R* n6 D 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 e* W. m/ d, Z! Q- _: N. g( a1 n" f. ~
International Governmental Action
/ r. Q) b( F8 c |2 }# f 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 j- p: G- t( H8 n 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ U0 @( T: |2 j) L; ^& @
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
" P. s) }- d0 l: ?. F 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: @7 Q# e' `7 s! [# c- q5 y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 x$ v% S2 g& A1 i% Q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 s8 V4 D6 x8 O/ q
157. Expulsion from international organizations
4 |8 r* Z. e- `. d& Z. Q
9 Q( [& Q3 D4 V, \4 S 5 T# a) k8 }. L0 W5 q- H2 Z
: u, V3 \# v; N* I8 ETHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 h/ q& j7 ^5 N1 ~2 {! m6 \ m
/ L ?$ d0 D! |- g& ^
' M% w& s( Q8 n3 H2 f; q& ^Psychological Intervention
0 i5 z X- m2 t3 t3 D/ N 158. Self-exposure to the elements& q7 Z2 p! Z# E6 ~0 y
159. The fast" ^8 w D( i+ R( G+ e
a) Fast of moral pressure6 p+ D$ {; \+ y5 u; L
b) Hunger strike
4 `' E0 x4 x+ x4 {5 } c) Satyagrahic fast* s$ F$ s& I3 A6 X6 Q* Y# V
160. Reverse trial0 v/ S6 _; H3 ^+ w m
161. Nonviolent harassment
, c5 Y/ v0 I: ~4 Z' h
5 Q' g8 ^8 Z1 P7 d" g) C4 d: M1 QPhysical Intervention
9 C$ f' a& T9 N: J 162. Sit-in
9 \( H) T* E; q3 u' O9 g" r1 z 163. Stand-in
' O, Z$ y' @* o+ }5 `7 A- X9 x 164. Ride-in8 @* s6 ]! h% W! |. S7 I
165. Wade-in3 p2 Z2 c. }& V0 c
166. Mill-in; X# [, n* N$ }! q
167. Pray-in% {2 j- I2 o& l; l( n
168. Nonviolent raids
& t7 h/ f+ P/ h9 ~) ^) { 169. Nonviolent air raids1 ?$ J' G3 B2 v. s" L) p1 F! ~
170. Nonviolent invasion
# C8 _2 ?4 B0 [; v% D* |; D 171. Nonviolent interjection7 y7 u5 ]+ B6 r
172. Nonviolent obstruction2 Z6 x+ l; |3 t& M! S9 F5 V
173. Nonviolent occupation3 c- n; a( N( U7 J2 ^1 Y
" G6 X" a+ N4 [# _
Social Intervention
% A# ]" W# y% P5 t9 Z2 q' i 174. Establishing new social patterns4 f& F9 u; @4 D1 I7 J
175. Overloading of facilities6 r; r1 I1 }( j9 O7 |1 X# O3 z
176. Stall-in
; M" ~0 T$ M5 V: `9 ^ 177. Speak-in+ Q a4 ~9 U0 o9 o# x+ w' m5 x
178. Guerrilla theater7 T* ^. z( i$ z4 A- ]) H+ H9 S; L
179. Alternative social institutions6 j R- O& I2 P, A: Z
180. Alternative communication system* C: O0 Q0 w* P/ p& O9 ]* ?
' v6 ^3 i1 l& i1 C* jEconomic Intervention
- Q( c# s" k; Z7 L 181. Reverse strike! k0 Y0 {; w( Q, M) \/ ^" O2 |
182. Stay-in strike
5 |$ ~9 |% u9 y9 k# a. [( \4 z 183. Nonviolent land seizure
& d) d) l( W5 Z$ @! T8 R2 E/ X 184. Defiance of blockades
3 A" U$ o( d- _+ L( a 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting+ ? ^* G3 z! z1 K6 q' |( v; r7 j( o5 o
186. Preclusive purchasing5 z# J) |8 e; S, J9 T4 D S
187. Seizure of assets: M z4 S, u, I& |
188. Dumping5 |( \9 ]! `: r! ^
189. Selective patronage1 K" i( C2 R' w4 r) Q
190. Alternative markets
* z1 [, c1 ^3 `# I* x$ i- v 191. Alternative transportation systems
# t* p. b9 C) V% P 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 o* ]' y8 ^+ |# c3 q7 U5 e3 R; c! s( `: g" |
Political Intervention2 K! x4 V- i( J: W* x
193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 Z* R1 l; |/ Y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 N3 I+ Q: v7 m I9 F2 R 195. Seeking imprisonment. q3 k5 }6 A5 n8 `1 N' X' j; z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; V/ H1 i& R0 Q 197. Work-on without collaboration
5 P7 B1 l& b- e7 ?% Y/ b$ y' n; ] 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
