 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION7 d G# {; U1 x8 x2 d
Formal Statements' e i5 I0 z T: W, V+ R$ f! W
1. Public Speeches p6 T: L1 J: m; d
2. Letters of opposition or support6 j7 K3 w D6 M
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. K/ A7 ~: |+ ^( x+ ~: P, z
4. Signed public statements' p: F6 b" t# f: g0 e$ O C+ U2 N
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% J- u/ a! V# z1 b# f0 b 6. Group or mass petitions
' S, k/ |0 B* h$ P8 X, Q7 D2 a5 E$ X/ i9 e+ R3 m7 b0 D1 Q1 C. [
Communications with a Wider Audience1 H3 o3 _; Q1 t* |' c8 \) h
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" Y: v7 R# [% ^3 b, p
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" s) d4 i2 S+ }, a9 {
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
% Z, y+ C# T- k, S* ` 10. Newspapers and journals
" R9 u& C7 T# }; r" P- B+ c% U0 S 11. Records, radio, and television7 @! H8 c/ V" d' V7 d& a
12. Skywriting and earthwriting! R/ C' T7 o. s8 d" N7 I8 a7 `
* J5 D! h6 C' x5 ^3 O# ?Group Representations
' {' r" _2 ^5 T" W: r 13. Deputations
& @8 }; V3 m! ~1 ?- e+ n 14. Mock awards% h% {5 U: O' A
15. Group lobbying
. z# I" ]& \3 x- U5 f 16. Picketing
, l9 s" ^' f' t. G& I3 P 17. Mock elections
% p `* X" V9 _& o) E' p; c: [& X, W+ E" ]0 A k, ?' y8 z# |
Symbolic Public Acts
! P& c& b9 N1 E/ L7 S- E$ F1 Z# o 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 f1 \3 L8 V3 s; a+ H& }2 m* G y
19. Wearing of symbols# p3 r/ c3 E6 [. `. r
20. Prayer and worship! ?; k2 Z; c; M. _9 g3 Q
21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 _1 r( R: w# l+ f r) A* o0 G. l 22. Protest disrobings
6 f& w/ j, i$ x" r% D) K 23. Destruction of own property" z4 w3 W( w! T
24. Symbolic lights! l3 A" P" t* S# b# K* I
25. Displays of portraits7 L3 x6 x4 l' C# y ~! T
26. Paint as protest
. m" ]+ n7 h0 ~6 Z0 d2 Q 27. New signs and names
. f( e1 y/ y) l% |% ]! N7 S 28. Symbolic sounds( X3 l: b8 b. ~) j
29. Symbolic reclamations. [6 D* s: W3 D% g( z& F
30. Rude gestures- Q w2 X; _ a. I8 z5 z# J
$ s' B0 g4 h9 D9 v% r% S' S
Pressures on Individuals/ w' }. Y) J6 X# e
31. “Haunting” officials7 h. ~1 ~2 X' `5 N
32. Taunting officials
; w% Q8 j# E& C& D4 u 33. Fraternization) V) q w% G0 H& z y0 k B
34. Vigils0 g, U8 ]# H6 E
* }# b; U* O5 `$ e
Drama and Music- c( W1 T7 T: \# U- a$ d
35. Humorous skits and pranks! n3 Y7 i) p' {9 x9 C" ^
36. Performances of plays and music
& R$ ^* P* C6 j$ v 37. Singing
& ?( |! b% e9 g/ i" C$ D& v, h' G. K! m# f3 ]' a
Processions/ q9 p5 P) ~0 R3 |! H( F9 O
38. Marches
u7 P) B) z! | X! y 39. Parades" W. t- T0 K+ x$ c; {% Q; D% v, O% q
40. Religious processions, F' I7 {- l( I9 j/ o
41. Pilgrimages
& Z1 G1 D g( y! M$ S 42. Motorcades
7 g8 W7 h! m6 Q! O, ^ r! z9 `, k. n5 S0 {2 i% d5 O% s" M
Honoring the Dead
/ e: I7 v+ f" E2 i2 d 43. Political mourning
) ]4 H; i5 g& o/ ^% t4 P 44. Mock funerals% A! W7 y K+ g
45. Demonstrative funerals
9 V) M# C6 ?. { 46. Homage at burial places" \/ G% [5 m2 H' F+ w2 Q
& A4 D5 T+ K& R- n) oPublic Assemblies5 W+ `- ?) R/ _. f! M
47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 j" c7 ?) g( ` l# h 48. Protest meetings+ V6 F) I9 K; G" i2 V/ {
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 C5 ?$ G1 B; M7 e. d u; X7 z5 T
50. Teach-ins. W9 V* l: ^/ r5 Z1 l8 U; b7 Z
+ S E$ P$ s0 R
Withdrawal and Renunciation3 l: M! {" c. u3 a4 h; v/ U
51. Walk-outs5 e8 A5 M' M7 r
52. Silence% ]) R8 ]+ p% E) c* }7 Y
53. Renouncing honors
. i2 C+ N2 j* F0 V3 t! I( M 54. Turning one’s back5 W' a' z$ T6 K$ m
5 D1 [7 q8 ?( x4 A2 D; n; q
6 a- ~& A8 Z0 P. U' [8 O o$ \3 r: J" g9 L( w; a
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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& k3 ?, R5 Z+ W# o: d# j 2 ^/ S I9 j7 S" Z( E
# O) h: h" n$ W: k4 TOstracism of Persons+ `' X& p& T7 a3 b4 i1 j: [$ A
55. Social boycott
/ Y) ^3 ^3 F9 ~ 56. Selective social boycott" x. Q1 T3 ^3 \/ w! S
57. Lysistratic nonaction
) S1 P$ t% j' ]$ R 58. Excommunication
J+ [ Z" Z0 s9 ^% J; O- U/ ` 59. Interdict
. p9 R4 f' u, l8 `0 Q, r; U4 E" j: L1 U2 B
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: k* {% Z \: r 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) D& f6 r2 P5 p5 S1 w* u 61. Boycott of social affairs, `5 F; o# t0 D3 u) Y
62. Student strike- d+ i0 s% ^- o! l# J- E1 O
63. Social disobedience
7 A2 J# a. R* E6 ?: E 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; M7 W ~& Y) D( q5 `6 u" o- ~ Z9 J* B
Withdrawal from the Social System
/ y+ V) u" ^8 ]% P 65. Stay-at-home
2 B3 [- x9 K! R5 Q 66. Total personal noncooperation' ]+ \% a$ m$ \
67. “Flight” of workers
( B- x: Y3 W( S f6 n( F5 r 68. Sanctuary
: N) c* |1 e" f4 i$ T& |% ? 69. Collective disappearance, y2 S8 Y: V1 \/ @; s7 M
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- F% a/ ?2 `% A, W# z" g. R
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; j$ f T6 j3 f1 e/ \* o2 Y8 a$ w+ r N7 W1 S7 b- M
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 m5 b8 J* q; s% k
: T& K. Y* s7 b9 X 3 U' L/ Z2 J' p5 I; H* U( o+ U, Q1 Y7 h- p' H
Actions by Consumers
i, O9 f) m: y) P$ a) K- o 71. Consumers’ boycott
5 a6 B; t2 A$ ~/ u" {! X 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods) W' C8 { H# C( a: l/ T8 I+ E
73. Policy of austerity3 w5 r; ?6 |; u4 N6 u( r; ~
74. Rent withholding6 Y9 M2 J8 |( P u0 @, _9 Y
75. Refusal to rent9 v5 z; N% [: ~
76. National consumers’ boycott, g: R, U5 O( p2 J; B2 ~/ d
77. International consumers’ boycott
# ^7 B5 x$ I v4 b& y% T( ~8 T8 F+ W0 n5 p3 N5 @- b
Action by Workers and Producers
- ~( C- S; x8 } 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ z3 O) N. B) z! p, z+ Q2 @7 y 79. Producers’ boycott, W# x5 ^3 p8 i
9 [: E" j0 |1 E3 ]5 RAction by Middlemen& x6 G' ~; j( W9 j
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 y4 c1 J8 |! G( \
$ h( i& B( Q# e3 Z$ c) wAction by Owners and Management
2 ]% n) S1 B0 ?" h 81. Traders’ boycott2 ~! o3 d- j+ d% v6 R* ?) _
82. Refusal to let or sell property! {& t' Q1 V+ W4 Z' v- ^
83. Lockout; h8 O/ `0 }+ C3 n
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 \" G) ]8 n& t4 v! A# C' Q; D 85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 T1 _! B+ m# J5 E- M
' k* M3 z" ~6 V) Q- D
Action by Holders of Financial Resources* t4 J: ~3 Z' H$ H8 ]- ?& x
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 `. O. N6 @. c 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 D% ~' e* x7 w
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% _# u0 L4 @' X6 @! Y) e N- Y# C. X 89. Severance of funds and credit
. a/ r8 U/ Y( x" M 90. Revenue refusal3 F0 K/ Q8 r# o2 k8 k# k& P
91. Refusal of a government’s money& {. n. p/ P# U& O8 ]
6 q, m% ?2 e& _5 Y
Action by Governments d3 } b, w; h# g2 Q9 z
92. Domestic embargo) `" B( B3 q5 v; p
93. Blacklisting of traders
' U. a7 }, E' V" K' } 94. International sellers’ embargo$ G2 U- E, @0 \
95. International buyers’ embargo D0 _) _4 N1 g8 {0 g7 b# T
96. International trade embargo
8 F3 p+ r9 d) P. p' J# [3 y! q7 d8 T4 T0 Q8 ]; K: n# b$ S2 P( Y
0 O6 w; }% b+ l- g; B
( B9 @/ N1 Q" I7 O& v" B, e7 zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: }5 I! @ R. S$ Z L9 a; i
6 {/ B* t/ E- e7 x% e
4 u6 B7 G) s" ]! n3 d$ ZSymbolic Strikes
H4 @. \4 i% D% f2 ~ 97. Protest strike
& `9 a3 E( y ?5 r/ D 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- m y0 j J& S, b2 I: r3 } T. n$ n0 G5 a" G1 _7 F
Agricultural Strikes( N0 c% w1 h0 h: E5 }; u
99. Peasant strike7 Y/ ~& Q) O$ j4 [
100. Farm Workers’ strike
" k2 k# W0 U# o! n" c* D% d7 v
Strikes by Special Groups% q3 o7 }, w$ ~. x( y( W4 M% f1 `4 s
101. Refusal of impressed labor" o' i% e! q9 _* A* m& v
102. Prisoners’ strike
" @$ Y7 b7 n* q; z8 n% ]3 ~2 c 103. Craft strike
- N) O4 M% J M% Y/ N7 z/ @( w4 Z+ } 104. Professional strike. l# q5 T6 y" O) z
" u6 j7 D8 I: X k
Ordinary Industrial Strikes( p. \+ N0 b. N$ M5 D* A% v
105. Establishment strike8 E8 I: A; X% H# x
106. Industry strike: o" r7 D; {) J4 l6 B
107. Sympathetic strike" K+ j$ r+ K. |$ o( n0 U# Q9 t
A# K/ }8 ^1 L2 W- LRestricted Strikes
' S8 z7 M f( w( l. Q 108. Detailed strike
( g: K6 `8 A3 D w 109. Bumper strike
3 {4 z0 H7 [) J 110. Slowdown strike
/ n+ k3 @6 l' Z1 G. Y& A 111. Working-to-rule strike, k' h0 Q* d! N5 o4 C$ b: B7 O, f) U
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 E0 r: w/ o. f; b7 s- N/ B, F- I6 t 113. Strike by resignation
. x/ E+ x* r7 O) U& _' V+ u& H' r 114. Limited strike% H) H' F- A: w- K( i; p0 [
115. Selective strike6 q9 I6 n) Y& ]7 ?
1 r2 N" u0 {; }# NMulti-Industry Strikes( E6 ^* z4 ^# C6 p* ]
* V* x% I5 t! b7 v 116. Generalized strike
. l5 @+ M- V9 f5 O* F" |! P3 X( |
117. General strike
$ O1 w6 E5 w7 h5 I+ f4 v. m1 Y
$ f! q$ D" m1 O l- O) h3 TCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures- ^( o) z0 v) N& ]; H
: _2 ^4 u$ A# E6 a) K4 R 118. Hartal+ H5 O$ R0 y3 l5 Q' F+ S
( [* j% r+ b8 f: p; u: q$ b: Z
119. Economic shutdown) I% G5 [5 N8 T; o9 K8 E/ }* z& K. x
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1 q/ U6 H4 a% }$ b, m" W- |( vTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 u! M; b9 i7 QRejection of Authority$ X4 t; l9 a H6 N; ~- x+ u2 x
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; W0 L4 K! u0 D5 t; R 121. Refusal of public support6 [5 ~* L# u7 U. l8 D0 U* B
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ y# @+ M% U% i& P0 y
: L" E5 q& q& A0 x3 `# ]: P6 XCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 |3 x1 V4 O" x7 f3 }
123. Boycott of legislative bodies: u' W" |2 O2 {" j# ?+ |2 y7 _
124. Boycott of elections
5 J5 K' {8 }( ^1 |+ J 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; ]8 g* [1 G1 X' _+ |8 a8 g6 u 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 {" Q/ x, u s( T* D u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ k) J- B+ j0 }! c* r* |. l 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 }4 b! C) \3 D
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 V# D+ Z) V7 F+ G( U) A
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% K6 [, n, Z9 k 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
8 h% z! d4 h* e7 o5 A 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ R& g: h: j2 v4 W6 n; g: J
4 B! e/ u9 b3 ^! V% F S% YCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 t6 f, a( n7 ` 133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 U( s- k; z5 R
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 j. t' ^8 X1 n& P
135. Popular nonobedience
6 W, Z) a3 g+ a* _ 136. Disguised disobedience
' V: ^3 A5 j% O" @6 n4 d( } 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* l8 M' S' J. S k. U3 ?* Z 138. Sitdown
8 w% C7 y: U% I 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 K, a" M p# I7 o
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 Z- }; f2 q7 y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! J F# V4 k/ p W) t8 R
* r) l7 U8 {7 }: ^) _Action by Government Personnel w* W% u, i: D/ A3 y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. }. j" W5 ]; B
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( L/ m" m' f1 M* W# M) V2 ~/ @- X5 {' s2 I 144. Stalling and obstruction: U* q$ T4 Y# U( u( J2 n) }! ?* O
145. General administrative noncooperation
9 o B- R0 {& [4 [) J. S1 P z
! t8 I$ X# m+ j- v 146. Judicial noncooperation
" x3 D w0 ?5 D! a7 F 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) l6 m. r% O; \7 V' U
148. Mutiny
4 {: a/ K* d9 h6 @8 [5 HDomestic Governmental Action
0 o$ z$ e: _; Q9 m7 V- R) Z+ b 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays _3 _5 q( u$ ?0 e$ l8 E7 C
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 i6 p }& H: m; O/ I* `; ^
' e$ z) O3 {1 EInternational Governmental Action- q& b$ E) r( b* W! N
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% l$ n+ O/ S0 D 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. w; M4 }+ m' ?, @0 M 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 x+ o* a" r' z' F7 t6 W, V- q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
( v5 j2 t% b/ H7 @! ]; _ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& }+ g1 S+ x }5 m4 \+ `$ V T 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies D" A9 \( E' b5 t
157. Expulsion from international organizations
' a6 v c, ?# k$ a6 n: \4 B8 b: X% }0 \# [
/ [* \5 ]0 M" t7 I5 l- c7 W; ^/ g" H0 c5 ^$ G
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
$ s0 o! h* S8 x1 r6 M2 `& {" B8 g) L3 X7 y. n
+ T1 p# l6 Y+ ePsychological Intervention0 b) y, ^) w& D
158. Self-exposure to the elements
( k4 V7 G0 ^* E, G. i 159. The fast1 I. h/ [9 b' P) ?2 P
a) Fast of moral pressure
. d+ c6 F: u+ A) h) b b) Hunger strike
: [* _% V/ s7 E# r* c c) Satyagrahic fast% F9 a7 f* l& Q, d$ P" f: ]* q9 {9 V
160. Reverse trial+ n+ k D0 [" ?
161. Nonviolent harassment' d2 ~+ i- y. x3 y8 H& X
5 I) U3 F8 E& s* d: a
Physical Intervention
& \/ V4 E( @/ w7 m3 l9 }7 m 162. Sit-in- ? {1 T* j. i r& \7 T
163. Stand-in) _4 \& R0 \- M" R) O. e
164. Ride-in
; q& z! s6 L+ K# E$ H; M+ ?! O 165. Wade-in9 n- D+ R& Y+ e) ^
166. Mill-in6 W# e% {5 Q& x# A- a9 Y2 f" O
167. Pray-in2 j/ ^: D) b* q: x
168. Nonviolent raids
r% x& W+ Q6 h/ c' u 169. Nonviolent air raids9 O+ R( V# i7 `" O) d4 k i
170. Nonviolent invasion0 @, E% z# d# F6 Z; y! @
171. Nonviolent interjection
5 l- p8 `% H6 b( P2 n+ C' V 172. Nonviolent obstruction5 m" E* ^9 Y% Z
173. Nonviolent occupation, B" i9 r+ Z: [1 v2 P1 Z
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Social Intervention" [# {/ h0 p, c$ [. q" q1 O1 V
174. Establishing new social patterns; }7 m2 E8 D. }) t2 R
175. Overloading of facilities" I7 C6 |, h# q8 V! B7 c
176. Stall-in
. x2 i' g- r0 U# Z; ? 177. Speak-in
/ A1 q1 ^# q( A8 K; u 178. Guerrilla theater! K" q- I, O* W z) U
179. Alternative social institutions
& A# V9 t" i0 N- j' u: k 180. Alternative communication system. V( _ U; P. E* h
! i& C2 p/ j5 D) D6 e2 d
Economic Intervention4 i* x: X( D) t
181. Reverse strike+ J7 L) @) D" A
182. Stay-in strike" |& i T# [! I
183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 G5 A7 V. i0 T& w; f- l 184. Defiance of blockades( s# M+ ^+ l. G) Z& ^' U4 U
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 W, }1 N+ s0 ?7 Z6 M. P' o
186. Preclusive purchasing! a$ j- U8 `. i# D- G( _
187. Seizure of assets6 ^* x( J# S% I |
188. Dumping2 Q2 L3 ]) ?5 X2 F+ m$ {! y
189. Selective patronage
7 E% m) w' l" t0 S 190. Alternative markets
4 z1 \' E9 i) L: N+ i0 } 191. Alternative transportation systems$ C" ^8 D: U1 c% F& V
192. Alternative economic institutions R9 a0 I; }1 H/ E- B
, {$ i4 r% N2 x4 A- A) _6 w
Political Intervention$ k3 {- J( W$ }& @% {& @
193. Overloading of administrative systems- M' I' o0 k( D" f4 Y2 m- s
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
+ `% F9 p2 \ N: \ 195. Seeking imprisonment% A; e% M) M7 [7 m, c
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 u# b+ W, S- T, N
197. Work-on without collaboration' a% X6 W8 m% y: x
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
