 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- e! w! ?! A+ n6 }' b9 W
Formal Statements
! q7 n- F: U5 B# t) Z+ } } u 1. Public Speeches9 w9 F9 z9 N& I P8 Y; N3 n1 }
2. Letters of opposition or support% T" d9 {4 E# `/ Q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 u' U) H8 f9 g5 K
4. Signed public statements
6 L2 r2 \" U1 O4 Y4 Y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention4 U$ V, A% n' O" e/ ?
6. Group or mass petitions
& m- [" p0 {9 q0 n6 X% ^7 d( y5 Z6 Y7 b
Communications with a Wider Audience
' `1 q$ g8 v* I. f4 a; k 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols5 U0 y/ ?, ]% `
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
1 N' t( ^. P0 K+ W7 o3 z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" e% x& U- O; l 10. Newspapers and journals {5 J3 D( X i% |' F
11. Records, radio, and television, K3 U' d1 y, h* f2 m7 B) t w* H
12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ i. S$ [ V, H8 U
2 E, h5 P' b5 g( k& K4 L$ u
Group Representations% a& s8 A3 M2 ] e2 U
13. Deputations
, @ U& x; R+ Z' |. B) d# C 14. Mock awards4 E2 u) o& o8 T3 D) \# o3 S& @* T
15. Group lobbying5 {' z9 m7 @. j
16. Picketing
5 f' ]* d+ ?0 { L4 O 17. Mock elections& j: u* I# ^% p9 q
4 i- ?2 o5 ^- q/ @/ K- p3 i
Symbolic Public Acts* g$ `$ J: s+ R7 H
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors U8 [0 T* i- A( E% W% C4 _3 s' A
19. Wearing of symbols& b X6 J% ^. j
20. Prayer and worship3 e, c9 E+ T' p& i _6 Z
21. Delivering symbolic objects- {7 }0 @. o5 o" k/ L0 b" d$ o
22. Protest disrobings: p8 Q* l" E, l5 b+ _6 k& |
23. Destruction of own property
! |8 j. C* V G1 ?( F+ y 24. Symbolic lights t8 n" @. s" L) M X& h: A
25. Displays of portraits+ Y& s) h+ ^" m$ E1 X. J
26. Paint as protest' s/ k0 t! \9 B# R3 X S$ w
27. New signs and names; q. r7 H7 c, s1 K
28. Symbolic sounds2 m& {. M- v1 e, |# R7 |: l
29. Symbolic reclamations* e* n9 S' |: l! h
30. Rude gestures
2 R7 Z# q6 D' Y: \ G% y7 B4 G+ a s# A# I% Q/ d& S7 K( c( i
Pressures on Individuals
* s& G' W+ w) n4 z$ J 31. “Haunting” officials( ~* W2 b. k1 _1 n* E! q
32. Taunting officials
q* G% g y: @6 X4 _ 33. Fraternization
G$ t/ Z: m/ Q! U' |$ {, o 34. Vigils
0 d+ G6 N: E! x( F. f4 | Z+ v& B" G5 N" q; a
Drama and Music. D" Y V5 |' u& ?
35. Humorous skits and pranks
+ w) k" L4 n( E' s3 I1 m5 | 36. Performances of plays and music
$ m( Y0 R' U7 R- K 37. Singing
9 c8 L8 O7 ?( O, {
# c8 {5 y* \4 B2 GProcessions- o2 q' T U- c7 K7 T2 g
38. Marches. J' ~8 ~1 k* f! k6 s* g$ ^" K) I
39. Parades* ]& R8 E0 C* k: I. S e
40. Religious processions' j+ P- f2 |6 ]7 s% v
41. Pilgrimages
: s6 b& m$ n6 A: w6 M) e 42. Motorcades
; [* b8 N" G9 Z z! k/ o8 d
* l! O) \/ t. i8 m' `. H" tHonoring the Dead
# B7 P: ]( R; B9 p* A A; ~! u8 | 43. Political mourning+ M8 @7 d% ?8 G# w f
44. Mock funerals) ?) D: k0 v. I- H3 o
45. Demonstrative funerals) f; M4 c5 x& d* U5 r6 j$ U
46. Homage at burial places
0 \$ A. S$ N: G, q0 J, m' c0 Y8 L) a2 z6 }7 U' \7 L- u! P# ?$ _) O
Public Assemblies
g v' E/ m/ @2 N 47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 Z! A/ B1 n" M0 L7 Z# ]! x% L& x 48. Protest meetings
( Y2 N* M" ~" Q# M+ u+ { 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
4 p* {( t9 T0 Y& ?- z5 _ 50. Teach-ins
0 {2 K3 T" ?2 ^# @. o
7 Q( ~, d p$ N0 o/ t4 V6 V/ |Withdrawal and Renunciation
9 W7 |6 o& i- t1 l' ? 51. Walk-outs! ^7 t9 z" e; o2 ?
52. Silence
: k8 `2 L" [: M8 k 53. Renouncing honors
1 U" F+ f5 Q' J( [3 p8 j: `7 T7 Q 54. Turning one’s back( {0 c+ _; L/ B8 j0 u
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2 @& X) w5 u4 \% F
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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" D% b" R1 R( v/ R6 u# e6 X: ~
* E5 D6 @: e1 ]4 t) D' M: N# e: |0 I
Ostracism of Persons8 d& Y* g. R& b7 ~0 ?; H+ |$ v
55. Social boycott n, G6 b- M0 _
56. Selective social boycott& y* E* Q6 Z, N, V% m) _
57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ E% X3 M6 h# F* Z2 L3 G 58. Excommunication5 m* |$ Y& i+ Y7 R+ P
59. Interdict3 h& S: i. S, s) {9 [
9 C0 j- G9 c6 H$ ANoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions4 z; K9 d+ i( b4 a+ g6 S
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
5 F5 Q9 K$ Z0 } 61. Boycott of social affairs% i2 T+ W7 A5 G( s% Z. t4 E
62. Student strike2 U0 C8 W8 T2 ]" T( t
63. Social disobedience
/ I+ ^2 f$ A' ^ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 O: w. y2 ^( `0 B3 r" v0 C7 |- N. Q0 [; Y$ r
Withdrawal from the Social System
$ |5 a+ P/ J, c 65. Stay-at-home
) p1 o* ^& x6 U4 V& x 66. Total personal noncooperation
! h; S. ~6 l# z, k0 b 67. “Flight” of workers$ S8 s) `; z- [( I1 z
68. Sanctuary
0 ~2 @% |2 T z- y 69. Collective disappearance
/ u0 g* F% ^5 i8 } 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ D; ?+ z% T$ ] T5 Q, @8 G8 h+ }' N
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/ z; \( h- [( J! nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 C7 \6 `" J8 I" e2 {
" ]& u8 y7 Y4 o2 {5 {3 }
9 R) v, {# r" {* K. t t9 v7 {( lActions by Consumers; ]2 @/ z9 x& C- o+ w( G
71. Consumers’ boycott: _5 K% m9 X! i1 M$ y3 w( r
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& d) }. |, G \
73. Policy of austerity6 k$ I4 ?5 P4 F0 y) E4 a! Q
74. Rent withholding0 `1 d, B. w( i0 I1 @
75. Refusal to rent0 E: ?: L$ x/ n( [8 z0 ~; Y3 t
76. National consumers’ boycott3 s. S7 Z9 V+ J2 H% K% ]
77. International consumers’ boycott
) V2 O1 O9 R3 w. u+ D9 {; |2 ~4 u% l+ Z/ X; ]
Action by Workers and Producers
% X; O c6 o+ s3 A% P5 C 78. Workmen’s boycott
; [3 g* ~) q4 | t9 ^ 79. Producers’ boycott
, w: i$ E' s6 z/ [' S; M& d3 X1 }" L; I" S. l+ z) ~0 d4 {" T, E
Action by Middlemen
" Z1 b5 r% z- N5 x1 G' ^: T" f 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: C: }3 ^# B$ ?7 n: D' X( z. n
9 l" `8 l8 l* q/ G. y# b) g. Z+ y KAction by Owners and Management+ U/ \$ s, X. E1 t
81. Traders’ boycott
* f" G+ h6 t x 82. Refusal to let or sell property8 @; c* |$ O& a) M
83. Lockout6 k3 Y4 @/ |. y; _' j7 C
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! b& M8 k8 E+ N: Z 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
% P: g4 n$ G/ k' Z: g- C3 [4 @8 p' n' g9 b; i
Action by Holders of Financial Resources- D. g$ F/ X) f
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 B8 l0 X: K8 K. @3 R9 e5 y( L
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 q5 R7 X6 Z: b' |! i a" a 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 M8 n* x {; p4 z
89. Severance of funds and credit& S" `, A3 H$ D2 y
90. Revenue refusal
A5 g+ [7 q3 g$ }! \& t/ H- B 91. Refusal of a government’s money: E; G$ N7 ~1 z6 _5 C, R' O
f% | E+ \) l# |9 DAction by Governments# o9 W: E2 A- m/ Q3 b
92. Domestic embargo: _3 H, I8 c8 H( I3 L
93. Blacklisting of traders% y5 A5 V9 e \5 \6 R& C: O
94. International sellers’ embargo
) J6 H( G# u9 k: ~- h 95. International buyers’ embargo% m+ @# s; ]" F$ s2 V, p; h2 B
96. International trade embargo) i9 _7 D0 y1 |
3 Z, ^& u7 T6 D/ ~# h
+ d& F# A6 P2 g8 \3 |/ V. B# _/ \' |0 S9 U o' e; ?6 R2 a. f
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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& b" J# B8 e" I8 t0 ?) n5 ASymbolic Strikes
+ R, }+ I, t' r$ w5 `, N t6 V8 P1 ? 97. Protest strike
; v1 }* Z1 O4 e- \: `6 y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 \+ l7 X" i2 M8 ]# [
; Z! a8 j+ v9 M* g C6 h
Agricultural Strikes
6 t( _ B' d1 }9 w 99. Peasant strike
6 `: a) Q: `8 w2 F 100. Farm Workers’ strike9 x+ y$ d* [* }- y; q5 L3 b7 n
" [: F: H6 \" D* xStrikes by Special Groups
3 _+ T: }# G; j9 ?& r% p. { 101. Refusal of impressed labor
( n: r2 ^; W; O* [5 S! S4 c 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 l; i5 ] t# y8 k. W# a 103. Craft strike
2 i" r6 u% r% \! I6 r. R 104. Professional strike
, F3 m* O, A) D6 `, f/ L) ~7 B, H4 C k+ E
Ordinary Industrial Strikes/ T2 D2 R* Y7 \# z( U
105. Establishment strike
% r3 Y( M& P6 x, B8 a/ O 106. Industry strike' b3 i5 S) D+ ^8 g9 z! \
107. Sympathetic strike0 J5 L( b M! D6 o) Y% f m
: T3 X& x. t: d/ x3 w& H( u9 }
Restricted Strikes0 G" ]; {/ d- I
108. Detailed strike1 \" p% o- n0 J8 Y' z/ u, h2 t
109. Bumper strike
/ P! D& ~7 @3 o0 I: v" n- K5 b 110. Slowdown strike. x8 C1 K2 f, Z* O
111. Working-to-rule strike
$ q( W8 a4 p1 o$ ]( \1 a/ t 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 e. \# N9 ~3 [' Z
113. Strike by resignation
* Z) e& F% ?- e- |/ O: w- k, h; Z 114. Limited strike' F& f3 b* `& i2 n
115. Selective strike/ l4 Z, G6 q- s8 J3 b
9 W) y2 t5 _/ o( V" _6 gMulti-Industry Strikes. B; L. |: w- q- B
; Z% S5 R6 _( }- U 116. Generalized strike
- p7 E- l# m% Z5 H3 F/ c. |! s3 H2 `2 x/ }2 M0 ]
117. General strike" T' h: E+ ~$ m6 m; I/ q
; x$ X, V# K% ^/ f
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! V9 Y+ D' t: h8 f) C5 Y Z$ f3 j, l; U+ Z
118. Hartal
& F) e& S% u7 o" ^ y/ p
" v" t6 n! o% f5 m0 ]" x 119. Economic shutdown
9 _: u( Z+ g3 c; h$ \/ w4 F4 I0 {+ n! w. S
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) {5 q# Z8 a5 a) Z8 T$ I3 tTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# t$ P* F4 z, { n9 S/ g' P
+ _( W3 z# t+ a
0 |0 R( f: `% J1 R: rRejection of Authority
+ D+ V2 H* w- n! D 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance/ v) `9 @) s3 n& R. Y/ m; T
121. Refusal of public support
: x( [3 w4 h" z/ M 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ m; O2 H& \) H* J# d) U4 s4 t, j7 t* C+ T
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government s. m# Q, B) f
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 r1 W1 C$ o) I: Z0 Z$ @+ y+ z 124. Boycott of elections8 b _5 C% `8 g1 F& { N
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
p a: u% s' b) r8 R% h 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ {2 E* `/ s9 s1 L! y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 s5 D' I" V; F# d! ~9 G+ a2 S( L 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 d3 }2 ~# t! e6 M! k
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" v9 U: s" s' {! s3 V
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( C P6 x: I! T" t" q) r! n2 W 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% x5 f- I( v; V, X& e/ i3 r 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 Q8 n2 g, r1 h) \3 Z' U& n8 a
' H$ |3 Q6 b# y4 y4 K* rCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
l/ t& u# }* i( B 133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 R8 l L& ^# o2 q5 i' K( P6 E& t
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ T% \. v" N/ N8 |/ p" t( W2 i% z
135. Popular nonobedience8 U" I% ?7 v2 t. m% ~1 l# C
136. Disguised disobedience
3 |6 K7 E! F* _8 B# s0 k9 \% \ \ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* i Y9 b3 j/ F' s% q7 F 138. Sitdown( a k% H0 I( `% M, n! H
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 y$ e, {: ~" ~, N
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& d, v' v% o* N8 E
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 I& X; i6 A) }5 ?1 I
8 |0 u& J: C' u7 \" yAction by Government Personnel
9 H/ b0 S, A' t, L! u% X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* K. [- B/ L% J& D, ]9 f, `5 b
143. Blocking of lines of command and information1 `: b; M7 `/ U- x+ z7 f* e
144. Stalling and obstruction( a4 r& {' _ X: T
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 W1 K4 q9 P! l6 m4 J* q
$ W, Y) t e3 p8 g1 u9 X/ } 146. Judicial noncooperation1 J6 ?3 G, }* n7 v
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ w9 T- C* _2 I' l" I# X Y- v 148. Mutiny& o- \% S9 [; X+ u
Domestic Governmental Action
" n5 r( m2 g( j! M3 B$ r# } 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays! ^# l$ k! j8 D+ c
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
* T7 q( t. @0 q3 `7 Z0 p5 y1 V
/ C3 ^7 c) O5 q/ WInternational Governmental Action
* Y, f) b. R' m- S$ f- m2 K7 ~ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations* i% z& I9 K; S y" W3 s
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! O7 a' X; Y( O- S8 O 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 L, w& y% q! s5 d* \
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 e2 D/ X7 p! Q8 m) H7 U 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: ^' h' d; d" P$ X9 O o' t& f 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 |% |% r: S3 F+ F8 k( B8 W
157. Expulsion from international organizations" n# i D! E7 j( `5 U
3 S0 E' I" z+ G, h* s; V , D2 Z- m. X0 [6 y. n
+ W M y# Y+ A" Z# BTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION7 o6 d% }* `; I! U7 {
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Psychological Intervention$ Z c/ z2 J7 x! C0 a$ g5 ^% H( p
158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 n. p' f* b2 H0 T: K/ B2 {& ?! g 159. The fast" K4 ~# H& x) f5 M1 `( h; g
a) Fast of moral pressure( j9 A9 S. \% s# N. n# p
b) Hunger strike2 |# R5 F& P% f% r* C
c) Satyagrahic fast
+ O( r- G6 g9 h2 h+ B+ C r 160. Reverse trial
7 }; f- e6 ?! C6 N0 {2 k0 [3 S 161. Nonviolent harassment
, m' V4 d9 k3 v9 @! x
$ Y2 a$ x! k0 }9 u9 L+ h) cPhysical Intervention" d; d% h$ g8 Q, J8 S$ [" _
162. Sit-in
; {/ w, P: u" ?" B6 O8 h$ ^9 K: C 163. Stand-in
( a6 A1 D1 y8 ` 164. Ride-in5 d) K& U D+ Q
165. Wade-in4 a4 e2 G% v* ~- r0 p
166. Mill-in
: k* q3 r3 C, f1 @( v5 W 167. Pray-in. `1 r b+ y3 H) k
168. Nonviolent raids
. I9 w! p" q/ ~! G5 S3 |5 I1 B 169. Nonviolent air raids+ z2 A4 o- ~6 u; l
170. Nonviolent invasion% n6 s6 A3 B) _2 h& Q8 ^( c
171. Nonviolent interjection6 E+ i- t _, L: h
172. Nonviolent obstruction( N" [0 f, G$ q# ~& B9 ?2 t
173. Nonviolent occupation
8 w9 W* d6 g1 Y& J* }3 Z5 B% }
: q: a3 U# [: a! d& \" RSocial Intervention+ S0 v; f, c* b& n) b! B# H
174. Establishing new social patterns
) N' T# c+ [$ I$ m 175. Overloading of facilities7 w1 v; T8 @0 q' h2 R+ }9 F/ |+ G
176. Stall-in b2 b* G- [. M
177. Speak-in6 J: e% c/ O0 a. s8 i- D; ?5 b
178. Guerrilla theater! J1 v5 z3 k8 s* t
179. Alternative social institutions
& B1 }) j a4 O; `8 u' M, k; ]) h' k 180. Alternative communication system
" _; Y- b: X1 m7 {, |. K% P4 ]% ?) d& `( R( d! `: c# [; ?
Economic Intervention
2 m! Z) |; }! |. d G: p 181. Reverse strike$ n; |: a# s) z: T% M6 I$ ?% T
182. Stay-in strike
9 s: P) e1 V% h7 O0 G 183. Nonviolent land seizure5 o0 b6 q- A. Q/ a3 _9 K
184. Defiance of blockades; c- n" _- j- x9 N
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' J( V5 A* J% [6 c4 j) v 186. Preclusive purchasing" Q2 ^7 s5 P7 J1 ]' a0 R
187. Seizure of assets* g) r0 L. e# Q: A5 j; l% D0 I
188. Dumping5 ]4 K4 l% J# m/ v
189. Selective patronage! Z* P# u- J Y. A3 C
190. Alternative markets" e2 k4 |7 X: C, ^& t' j6 B( m
191. Alternative transportation systems) v$ g i- B7 E0 ~( P" J: K6 @
192. Alternative economic institutions( _% ^( b% O" r
+ {' }9 c! J3 W4 B; JPolitical Intervention
: ^9 [( E' ~7 c) V- {, K& w 193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 g! A4 [9 h9 f, s6 g7 {% I/ F$ V 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 @4 {$ V5 a/ `$ R* U; P% F r# d
195. Seeking imprisonment
! |& K! ~5 |* f3 H* h' n; v 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ b- l, n: Q/ W( a
197. Work-on without collaboration1 W8 }4 l6 ~; @8 }/ B4 R; o* q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
