 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ c7 k9 z5 y1 \# w: PFormal Statements$ E- q2 l: m" q ]! P
1. Public Speeches
% }; l. i- A" l1 m& V 2. Letters of opposition or support' }( p/ a( W8 j9 W$ y# _/ d. T. H
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 I, F, G* \& ?
4. Signed public statements
( r9 n2 b1 M/ R1 F2 V4 S 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 k- l% p& ?% a3 s1 O) ^$ E 6. Group or mass petitions7 M8 }, C4 k0 t
# l) Y+ E# W3 N3 _2 ]3 wCommunications with a Wider Audience
: u' _* b( J9 h7 s 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* t4 t, k& B2 a" b: X5 v7 i* W- ] 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 K. R4 U, {: s* T) i4 ^/ b* I 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; N6 s" _. m7 }$ T* `" X3 L 10. Newspapers and journals
* e2 b1 T: q2 Q- C0 I" y 11. Records, radio, and television
2 _/ j# m, X# F3 u$ O 12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 |! [" X8 W2 ], w, s
+ ] k5 R$ ~( bGroup Representations% \ P* N/ E3 L- `7 H( ~: L- j5 m
13. Deputations7 S2 _3 w4 e. J9 B4 i
14. Mock awards3 y( ` |. r3 {3 r3 K. d% X
15. Group lobbying6 K: a% \* z; e# @3 w
16. Picketing
8 Q" A* e. Y5 M$ \! V 17. Mock elections
5 @- A7 |3 X3 f" T; U8 f5 d/ S) N; R. R: K
Symbolic Public Acts
( K6 O. Y6 T& y/ X# Z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 u: |6 H, Z' U. g+ i' M: h
19. Wearing of symbols v# F; T, q4 b( R0 x+ q6 O" y1 x1 R
20. Prayer and worship
- O* e; L2 o; }) { 21. Delivering symbolic objects# _( G! Y0 y5 L( ]& c% L7 s0 g, U
22. Protest disrobings
" s0 C- J; X- w0 C 23. Destruction of own property
4 P p, c* Y$ c9 q2 ] 24. Symbolic lights
% J& L' {$ ^5 o6 Z% j3 s 25. Displays of portraits, j' _, [" `; `' _& F& l
26. Paint as protest
2 H+ S4 i% Q# w 27. New signs and names
3 u& V g' x: y4 L7 D' g 28. Symbolic sounds4 @" O8 _6 l" p- B) K* {1 g
29. Symbolic reclamations
5 n& W$ v& U+ @+ q 30. Rude gestures
* Z4 a2 [# Z C$ M. v$ ?9 s4 N" s$ R/ U; L3 F/ l
Pressures on Individuals! Q. l2 g1 n& X5 s5 B
31. “Haunting” officials9 H6 r1 ~2 _# U6 Y
32. Taunting officials9 W3 U9 Y1 j" p
33. Fraternization9 y5 ?; Q/ L! D4 n! m; Z
34. Vigils( U% y1 r5 v* B
2 N6 s% s# J' u* X7 Z4 N8 `Drama and Music. ]. Q5 g* ^+ @2 f
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ J- t" X T z+ K# D4 W- Y
36. Performances of plays and music2 Z' _" a0 f0 A m5 }1 h! J) c
37. Singing
1 ~9 T. N9 y: w. S4 J' Q0 G, ]- S/ ~' B
Processions
' Y, {4 r. Y$ k! a' ~/ e d 38. Marches
. ]6 W' ]" F, l+ M D. N0 X 39. Parades' B% P, H) I' z+ ~
40. Religious processions
, Z8 |5 z- p% y6 @# o 41. Pilgrimages
. g( z. ?7 K$ e" X 42. Motorcades% t- S4 N& A) p9 }' v
5 ]+ {# U5 `+ C8 v
Honoring the Dead
1 T; |& g/ j! g% h7 w 43. Political mourning4 q% ?8 D+ } v, O' s
44. Mock funerals
2 K- w5 k1 ^9 G/ d9 _8 H# O 45. Demonstrative funerals- r9 u/ u7 m( r: `
46. Homage at burial places
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8 N- f4 O" J4 I% u. B) \Public Assemblies8 `3 L: v9 _$ e0 R; |8 J6 l& B; F
47. Assemblies of protest or support
* Z9 k& K9 {: b# ]: @ 48. Protest meetings6 e% N; ]4 _ ^0 y
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' O1 U; x+ J& s7 c$ ?+ m. ?
50. Teach-ins
$ M Y: T8 U+ ?% `; R6 m6 A* l# ?" ~5 g! `) r
Withdrawal and Renunciation
; g0 @3 B+ ^ j5 I: U 51. Walk-outs
. F3 p. G9 f) ^; P3 a/ p+ Q6 e 52. Silence* ?" K4 K( m, s
53. Renouncing honors# _, Q0 j; J0 T! w( X1 R/ l
54. Turning one’s back
: I3 j9 O# A, T! U. d
$ G2 v. Q. x1 v3 M/ h C ; S+ W1 g# C I( C# N; R/ W
6 R/ n8 w3 B0 F) B/ b/ V! L8 ^
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 F6 S& q ]. s5 S9 \ ^) m0 W; e6 N) I3 ~5 h& W+ _* g
Ostracism of Persons
. M3 C& _; T! Z! v( X# k 55. Social boycott
1 F! f3 _7 \) D$ q8 h 56. Selective social boycott
# I @; Z4 e( v 57. Lysistratic nonaction, ?) a% P6 f5 h9 n2 C
58. Excommunication8 J9 V1 w4 p( k: |% E4 }/ Y+ A
59. Interdict" d) [/ K! {( F) M0 C
6 k/ [5 X0 S$ |" C0 }
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; y5 z. x/ [! r0 Q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" {+ V; i! s! L8 q5 H7 u 61. Boycott of social affairs
1 Z7 B2 U: k4 b, G4 U. f 62. Student strike
$ Z- b6 ?, F# p" v9 [ 63. Social disobedience
. ^ l6 l5 B5 G ^1 X/ U 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! E5 k; n P0 O8 k4 k' g% u+ {
8 _. v7 Z' ^4 e4 P4 X
Withdrawal from the Social System# v1 x4 E% r6 K& D ~2 a
65. Stay-at-home% F$ K( w2 ` E' T. G
66. Total personal noncooperation+ H* Y5 w' e2 u$ \8 K/ k# o
67. “Flight” of workers7 f' D. y3 S K$ m8 y B- v
68. Sanctuary- r& F# A6 b+ {% ~
69. Collective disappearance
; p0 ^# t, Y5 g- t" b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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2 [3 q! B) Q0 k" ~0 c+ ^7 f
6 ~ z8 V9 A4 A/ x& U; \% u' M* rActions by Consumers+ _9 y. t G, x4 O
71. Consumers’ boycott
6 C( y- {/ |! m/ u1 E0 f: C( L 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods% Q# t& \# `6 Q) B @
73. Policy of austerity4 }5 ^; I7 }* ^2 X" `! R1 x+ U' S
74. Rent withholding
* }% B* Z& c" q( d" p0 e L6 c1 L 75. Refusal to rent" `% B3 R9 F }/ n* s1 A& j k
76. National consumers’ boycott
, E, }( m# v8 s3 X" T9 W2 ~: a 77. International consumers’ boycott4 I& @7 P6 B6 H' X, u1 I3 k
2 D9 G) J7 D( H% U0 ?
Action by Workers and Producers
; @8 ]5 s- H$ y7 h) w2 ? 78. Workmen’s boycott6 @4 d( `' c* D0 m2 {
79. Producers’ boycott
3 k! N9 N; f9 g
, w* X9 p0 ~2 U& u* J8 w. U1 Z5 S* LAction by Middlemen
7 W- s1 J$ U# Q& ~. U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
8 f: t9 Q: S; Y# M% g& s9 o$ A* N. p% u1 e
Action by Owners and Management! ?8 x5 s$ |+ U' z( h8 s! {
81. Traders’ boycott
8 i& g$ X. j+ i7 N 82. Refusal to let or sell property
) L- V* Q# H4 y, Y& A 83. Lockout& @8 _( P* k/ d$ Z7 p; ~* a# [
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* q6 p' a" f% s K: \5 e% p 85. Merchants’ “general strike”' ]8 a6 N R1 @& N) L, W
* a4 S2 |' S6 j0 B6 T; qAction by Holders of Financial Resources7 ~# @9 E p5 S7 h4 f/ r
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 q4 ?. ~, s5 x" y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ a' M$ {: s7 e0 D; ~- F* V6 \* ]$ a- @
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 L9 F( R6 y1 o2 }* Z/ g; n' S 89. Severance of funds and credit
) [: A& @! R) q! a" A9 O 90. Revenue refusal
6 v4 b6 y, T1 l" T- u. M! V. E 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 F; |0 u1 o4 s2 T* r6 U
' `. e& z5 Y/ l. l2 A- x
Action by Governments
f& l1 ~+ ~; G" C1 x G' B/ q 92. Domestic embargo. p2 C6 {: I, h: i! e' I
93. Blacklisting of traders
: ^8 |5 F( {6 m- ~ 94. International sellers’ embargo; F w9 Y, E$ ~. ?( g# C' j( ~
95. International buyers’ embargo
4 Z9 F- D- Z4 ` I- h3 ` 96. International trade embargo d- [0 ]1 I. k# n' Z
2 D. t8 Q7 h# j, K 2 x; c2 ]1 w+ Y2 i3 Z/ E
7 J4 A/ J) g% H7 U
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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1 [& u8 Z$ R7 r$ r, z. f
Symbolic Strikes
2 t# ~1 p1 i3 W: j5 I4 L 97. Protest strike. b& A; Z0 X4 T$ J/ c9 r% {
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. B, }0 h4 P# z; ~: C+ z: c, u( Q6 _9 ^# x$ X
Agricultural Strikes3 t. j4 k8 E/ D3 k( F
99. Peasant strike
5 R* S0 L* h0 U 100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 g) n9 R- i2 l7 z5 h1 z% [
) e# j$ ? ^& V0 C' ^) ?/ p* u9 `Strikes by Special Groups, ~$ Q. \* g8 ^
101. Refusal of impressed labor$ n) ~) o$ N+ y; M6 g: D
102. Prisoners’ strike
5 ^9 q y) |* ]( b; | 103. Craft strike
- B) f# J5 a6 `' ]+ v- W% r, \ 104. Professional strike
7 y. B9 m' i8 R4 l0 M3 T R" x- {
J2 F- ] |, A8 r& z DOrdinary Industrial Strikes+ C, n5 }. j! ]
105. Establishment strike& @6 C B- \0 v! V6 G% ~! E @# e
106. Industry strike" A; H* U; c6 F1 L: m" ^! x
107. Sympathetic strike' m5 d2 e! h, M' _0 r. h! {
# ^, w+ F7 G% V
Restricted Strikes
7 W7 k1 l8 G V5 j7 D 108. Detailed strike6 O2 R. B9 m- R, i C5 h5 O3 I
109. Bumper strike
8 Y1 A! P) P0 D0 G8 P% ? 110. Slowdown strike0 V0 y- _* p. y
111. Working-to-rule strike' T! I7 ]7 ^9 X7 |9 w7 ~
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. X7 s( B6 b- M 113. Strike by resignation
& x2 e5 `$ L% T* A1 a3 n9 }2 C4 H 114. Limited strike' f8 k5 C0 D9 y
115. Selective strike
) h4 B, |. |* l" o, m7 m1 o
3 n" h1 K3 r' {Multi-Industry Strikes
Y, [# E' a; G3 y* F4 a: x- O$ q8 f8 i# @& c+ d( V
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
@/ d0 P' i" q. x
9 ~0 T2 G/ S. U6 i+ gCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures! @) b8 c1 R0 P m0 b
& A- c- ]" [% y# Z 118. Hartal* p7 B" p" W0 t: `+ N
4 V) v5 u. \$ @2 u& S5 e
119. Economic shutdown
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3 x/ {2 l2 J% |+ nTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" `( j1 R5 v Z
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) X5 R6 m2 ~6 x2 i2 ~% V7 _8 Z! GRejection of Authority
* [7 ?5 a, r9 j! E9 ^0 Y8 {9 ^ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
+ }8 {$ v1 H- e9 a0 E% f4 w9 R 121. Refusal of public support b! L0 t7 x! `; i, c, q
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) u; f5 N" e @- [, f" h* K {( f1 q) C+ {( n" g
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government; n! j! a5 y' M6 g+ K- F+ a; M2 Y
123. Boycott of legislative bodies! X# y' o* N9 S( t5 _3 B, |4 }
124. Boycott of elections
* o. z0 x" s) q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' w& U+ @# \5 C8 Y! G/ C- g 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ A" u4 J- j, F# `8 d, t) J3 O 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# Q8 S- B( A) Q6 B1 t 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 s6 V3 ^' j8 h$ j) h# ?: J 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* K( R7 D! r* @7 O6 G$ R* ^/ } 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 o: Y8 A8 N* w 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 l% ^1 P8 I) S& x0 \ q7 ]$ |! T 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# M8 f0 j% r& O' r; }0 n* g( Z' g# w- s! T
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# p3 m) A; ~! M3 C2 ? 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' D; w4 M3 ]: ?9 q8 @4 s: A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" o, z0 N! d s: ^8 @1 S* K/ Q 135. Popular nonobedience
' K6 ^ ^: ?2 n$ |( u 136. Disguised disobedience
, i2 M B+ q) v- E 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; O/ z( H- J' f6 _4 R/ A* q6 P 138. Sitdown' J% B& z/ v' S1 w9 |
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& p/ Y( u: ]1 D0 m% k 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% F, q9 s9 O* m" {% t4 b- h: T& h
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 Q/ R+ t; o0 w; p5 C8 R# _- D. O; P m1 h2 J
Action by Government Personnel2 ]" K5 ^# m/ m& Z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. s/ z# y c+ B, ]7 Y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information+ L& ]- N! \+ I- ^: Z
144. Stalling and obstruction: v) b# Y$ q. t3 T
145. General administrative noncooperation( t3 F2 n, Q& j C/ M9 ?
$ o F/ g* X$ u, V" r7 `* m 146. Judicial noncooperation4 `: k: C9 t3 Y3 [. S0 D$ c9 I
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ \' x6 [$ F7 O! v; v 148. Mutiny
4 Q$ Q7 T; W( YDomestic Governmental Action! h# ?8 r) h0 y$ v# q# p0 S# r
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' K# l$ A3 o: { 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; e1 L T7 H' C* w# Q/ r: T& q
+ R4 k1 c \/ z$ }International Governmental Action0 ~; z U- h( G( _0 H
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
Z( ]2 F( S& @0 Q% a 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ H6 ]3 p1 O7 z; G9 l 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. n4 j8 X( \4 ^* X {4 J 154. Severance of diplomatic relations3 z1 b4 Y% S) h9 V9 `* o- Z9 Q# j9 z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
& f6 |; G k: ^$ l% \7 W 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* u8 e, Q* t3 ]3 x$ y7 N+ `7 Q3 o 157. Expulsion from international organizations
4 i5 ?1 ^" K$ u6 B r$ y
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention1 `6 H$ i' \. o3 A2 E; N( x! `
158. Self-exposure to the elements
# d7 D W( b: V; V 159. The fast/ f4 h' A! M R: O( |7 B; \6 J& {
a) Fast of moral pressure
8 O3 M4 a, \9 l& Y. V f; C4 v" K b) Hunger strike
9 [/ o( |1 T) L c) Satyagrahic fast
% a2 a# Q" _3 x1 o4 t; n 160. Reverse trial
4 D" K; C# Z" k5 D8 s 161. Nonviolent harassment7 K4 k/ U' i$ s" @* I: ]1 K
) v+ {, h* R( C5 C1 k( \, A$ A
Physical Intervention
* `. I; Q$ w1 Q) ]* U& A) ^ 162. Sit-in _! \9 o- K- X+ S: }4 o- z
163. Stand-in6 v2 M! m% k6 }. H: D( T& A* v
164. Ride-in2 C% q* _ l, F/ E D i2 O1 |
165. Wade-in2 W* \9 n# Y, L
166. Mill-in
4 P: q# e7 ]- B: D" L3 k 167. Pray-in% W; J! q; X* _" K
168. Nonviolent raids
l5 O- X2 \3 c% v4 d/ p3 d7 w9 R 169. Nonviolent air raids4 L; z. @9 v' D& s7 f( r# |' x! Y
170. Nonviolent invasion5 \3 @3 j, Y, _( |7 l. e1 @
171. Nonviolent interjection- ?6 w5 t& |. N1 c! N( Z, W
172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 E' E4 y% T' p5 t% e 173. Nonviolent occupation0 ]+ ~/ _+ u% D o" q$ c: ^
, ?6 i+ I. p& c+ X4 I
Social Intervention/ [' C/ Q. V/ c
174. Establishing new social patterns
. [0 Q5 {8 j% g 175. Overloading of facilities7 S! ]( c, e _* h! A2 M& |
176. Stall-in4 s) e, ?( @0 I/ n8 X
177. Speak-in
" e) u8 K& B4 o8 Z8 O7 a; d+ V 178. Guerrilla theater
8 P4 |! H e, T6 h9 ^( J 179. Alternative social institutions$ ~3 l0 m* O& k7 X& V) A
180. Alternative communication system
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! v7 |+ u. d Q4 S3 x; IEconomic Intervention+ _- r# l0 n# V% r0 A; K* J2 ]
181. Reverse strike1 q8 D, ?; P6 s. O
182. Stay-in strike2 o k A9 W: [. w; j
183. Nonviolent land seizure+ w" l) b$ H/ C! G% i
184. Defiance of blockades
" V2 u( y+ G- p* }/ e 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% m( i# f3 v/ X6 E3 A5 [2 @ 186. Preclusive purchasing6 Z7 N& W5 S0 W& k$ F' w8 k
187. Seizure of assets
) E0 L1 Q& D5 T' M3 A. V 188. Dumping
; S) f- h6 ^2 \$ `/ {: O2 T 189. Selective patronage5 L2 V! V' R3 F
190. Alternative markets
5 O/ ~( A# i& A* g! K$ C; ?+ q k 191. Alternative transportation systems# p6 A/ o6 k0 k$ n
192. Alternative economic institutions
* x) ?' z% t) e" |
6 @0 e9 ~: d# v; W+ u! H. c! \Political Intervention; N. U2 \0 q: P" t/ {- X
193. Overloading of administrative systems
: W+ z0 c& c# O3 H" d7 o# F9 F) N 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ E9 r, ], p1 U, J( S
195. Seeking imprisonment& ?- b9 u& {5 O9 a' U
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! G$ s" ]( a3 v2 ` 197. Work-on without collaboration
- T r( y0 y2 H2 c3 t 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ `) k9 a9 S) }/ Y/ N X+ k/ z( h4 P
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
