 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 F$ l3 N$ k& }9 b5 y
Formal Statements
* Q' O) t# s" h. g( i 1. Public Speeches* t5 |9 S. C6 P- [
2. Letters of opposition or support, N( P6 D, ]' A( R: l
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: O4 l9 ]+ h" Y; u& I. ?' ~ 4. Signed public statements8 d9 `5 `( K# i8 K. o
5. Declarations of indictment and intention( b/ G0 c9 m% b' a. U
6. Group or mass petitions8 a7 h, M( R( z" {# ~2 u. i* H
8 z- V1 ~/ K4 [, t$ I! ICommunications with a Wider Audience1 w6 |- O4 U+ ~; |1 V) U* m8 ]- x
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* G- B+ s3 j+ B5 J$ v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
3 R- I* k% k; ]8 [8 x 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
) H. C# Y; G& ~/ U 10. Newspapers and journals
: ~8 d* ?% f3 A) o5 D: l8 G& O+ i 11. Records, radio, and television
, b. l( }+ Z7 r1 C& ?2 Y C, O9 a 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 Z. n1 j; F3 i- R+ ~6 Z1 C- h9 r' M9 h2 H: u7 o0 B
Group Representations
, @/ f+ R6 Z1 @; i: H 13. Deputations$ l0 o: B9 N6 S8 N: A5 `: `
14. Mock awards
& B1 \4 I: p$ ]% C- [' r 15. Group lobbying
1 I s$ S/ o% Y5 n 16. Picketing- A, Z3 ?1 ^' @% y. t9 E
17. Mock elections) M% l% H( W5 x9 e
' x3 D" Y' b6 |0 X" M0 Z! Q7 c/ G }Symbolic Public Acts p" _: P" o' T$ v% ~
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ v0 r( ^8 W; @9 t8 }# E6 N% F4 E/ S 19. Wearing of symbols
n6 _) @3 a: j; {/ b% L 20. Prayer and worship
x( l- I' P* g) E 21. Delivering symbolic objects
& N8 K% e4 ]; V$ l# t2 G 22. Protest disrobings
% P5 c6 }9 h0 X 23. Destruction of own property- p7 E1 }" o1 h5 h4 u9 `, R
24. Symbolic lights
) E5 F, O! J5 Z6 C 25. Displays of portraits
2 \! B. l! X) C1 ` 26. Paint as protest
. l3 q* n- T- K5 q* L5 }1 O 27. New signs and names
6 @6 c" e. G+ @ 28. Symbolic sounds4 E5 k! c7 W2 w/ u
29. Symbolic reclamations
2 B" c& n9 q1 h$ b3 s7 Y 30. Rude gestures7 B f) s4 a! e' {8 u
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Pressures on Individuals
3 t6 ^+ z" J1 f( U. x$ P 31. “Haunting” officials1 B+ \7 w; y+ d7 n$ B% ~1 s
32. Taunting officials, f/ N. b: H8 T5 t
33. Fraternization$ I) \0 @" L8 D! J2 S; K6 l
34. Vigils
, m5 J7 u( p. J. ]5 {2 o+ U* @( n
Drama and Music( |% F" J; Z$ @: j
35. Humorous skits and pranks% k: N1 @3 [9 }9 I9 G8 W, G$ R
36. Performances of plays and music
D5 {% D% B7 D/ ?( N 37. Singing; p5 W" L, r) ]/ R$ Q
: z8 n# ?; A2 D- Y3 F
Processions. `3 Z- k6 q* _! c
38. Marches2 j, T& L& `4 `2 _* N; h( `
39. Parades* _4 v' v" ?; i' p- K
40. Religious processions$ B0 T# Y+ f: ^8 S, x" Y) U
41. Pilgrimages
) p$ K7 F5 u+ W |0 @# s 42. Motorcades
1 ?/ \. L" V$ O9 F* v) U
, K4 X5 L# R) ^; v5 @; W DHonoring the Dead: I/ m# x( v" z
43. Political mourning& x9 u' `. T; M; I3 i" p
44. Mock funerals
; d7 R2 [ B Z5 t 45. Demonstrative funerals
: K3 w+ G0 q ]) K% m 46. Homage at burial places
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' M- g: j0 g; i% }Public Assemblies2 T9 R( w+ N, w j! H w
47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 N( G' d$ \4 }- S 48. Protest meetings1 A' x, K: X8 K' B! R5 z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 Y3 X4 t) \ l& L
50. Teach-ins' [, a% k4 P, Y/ s2 r
& l7 }' p/ j3 oWithdrawal and Renunciation& |) H4 e# E1 ^
51. Walk-outs6 d6 @$ X- Z4 i3 e
52. Silence% u# Q* e9 F3 I6 S
53. Renouncing honors
; c$ }8 A- R& } k6 n& b! t S3 B0 ~ 54. Turning one’s back
( z: N1 q* v$ \$ R( g7 D( l" i; d: v8 [5 h
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+ Y, E- X" z) c, \THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
3 A1 U* T' z' y' C8 }5 |
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3 t* ~) f; Y1 g8 D8 z! h
Ostracism of Persons
" j n: N# E2 W 55. Social boycott
! l2 N& O/ i3 C 56. Selective social boycott/ S E; |& g3 n: O! Q, g+ U
57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ S+ Z v/ E/ t8 K0 O8 m 58. Excommunication
; v8 R- ? s9 S! C- t% \1 Z 59. Interdict
% f! X% ?* W6 X1 c2 w" u
" @9 _: B% \, n, x4 a$ | BNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% a! \' R& g; x" u _: _. i
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 C" @+ V4 A/ G4 [1 R; s 61. Boycott of social affairs
. p% u4 x4 w5 n3 J3 ] 62. Student strike2 w, T% J- ?* P( x+ I/ F+ s: B- z
63. Social disobedience" t" Y6 Z3 i, \% R
64. Withdrawal from social institutions E% e( C! _& h
9 S. L& r. f$ `3 u+ r* WWithdrawal from the Social System
8 ~ s8 r3 F5 \8 v 65. Stay-at-home
7 w4 D: `2 n5 v% b% g 66. Total personal noncooperation
/ Q1 s3 n B; [+ D! j; W/ _- @ 67. “Flight” of workers
( \* @* B1 A0 c( [& N 68. Sanctuary. v% W" d2 ]: b
69. Collective disappearance
& b3 b0 F2 W( ~* ^- A 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
; o/ f3 a2 A0 W! E5 a& c$ n6 b5 K" z& ]
u/ F8 n& z4 v2 k; b2 G* qActions by Consumers0 p C# W7 O1 R& {$ ]
71. Consumers’ boycott9 b8 `- _4 h# p" i! B" g3 J
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 |9 i2 x* F& x" K7 C 73. Policy of austerity0 R4 v& s w6 E9 T. R O$ X' a
74. Rent withholding
& D& D1 O3 ?' N$ w- e 75. Refusal to rent
' B6 \; ~0 c( ] h& F9 E5 c9 { 76. National consumers’ boycott {( D# _/ ~$ t+ i0 o9 r0 Y. O
77. International consumers’ boycott/ P# J( \7 E& ?$ G: D) U2 ~
. ]5 }1 Z: ?5 N1 e8 _" e% G/ x' h, _
Action by Workers and Producers
- z6 ? e2 L w7 V# ^+ S 78. Workmen’s boycott Q9 w3 {* u; o! @
79. Producers’ boycott
& c+ L) k5 F) y+ h. S4 y5 c, `# L* V" I
Action by Middlemen
; ]; I! p! v* v, { 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott U3 w: {( y9 [" v! G6 Z
/ D9 r' J9 h( U$ D
Action by Owners and Management
! b/ }1 @9 C3 v1 {& W 81. Traders’ boycott% Z) f0 G, g+ h* P- f! l% ]/ a
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! t( g5 P1 q5 u3 } \ 83. Lockout
8 g0 e8 p7 W1 ^/ ~* @( W 84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 U4 C% ~& K, K2 E" W5 d
85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 Y* A9 U9 m1 Z6 V5 z4 h4 }* w7 o
0 ]) S: O4 G8 w R/ J) d) T0 D' k# [
Action by Holders of Financial Resources. b( ~& j+ E+ t |' c
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 ^3 W6 C! y0 f- F! n
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
2 U0 E3 x2 Y! e- x1 f* f3 ` 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest8 Y6 C9 Q# {% D
89. Severance of funds and credit
4 ]% { `, g) \ b: N; p! u 90. Revenue refusal
* [9 ?' E3 Y \4 @- k F1 y6 [. ]2 z 91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 E. u* a& {) F! W0 n# f
5 f( J1 _* C6 d. c3 y) U5 zAction by Governments: B2 o+ J7 F0 K" B* _2 U8 g" _* `
92. Domestic embargo
) A4 X$ g" r; k) V. \ 93. Blacklisting of traders
" a1 I% |* A/ t; @ 94. International sellers’ embargo: s: f; ]3 X4 @& y! ~ r
95. International buyers’ embargo
X; R" Q3 X4 C9 Q& q4 a: U 96. International trade embargo
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c7 M5 d, z/ `$ U : v. H$ M( u- I b! K" n+ i" b
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' n3 O: K4 O. c* |
* ^: h" V, W2 ~$ Z0 @( S
3 v" u# q; G% hSymbolic Strikes
2 |- D$ @; I, d& P! ] 97. Protest strike
/ m- P# p0 Z" H1 t B 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ }2 u: C& g, T1 E) O- _6 ] I
7 Q) d1 n) Q+ }) c6 O% z4 |4 [6 ]0 YAgricultural Strikes$ d' L# f: z* C0 I
99. Peasant strike. I9 t: D! ]7 f. a2 ?! o
100. Farm Workers’ strike9 ^. ?* v- G7 D
0 d3 A. N. @& L- M/ @7 }Strikes by Special Groups4 J& H' s) r+ y E/ r! S0 P
101. Refusal of impressed labor3 e1 o; x8 X6 n0 h. S7 M
102. Prisoners’ strike3 Q; P* D& @; L- ^$ S
103. Craft strike( m$ i, m# C* {7 F
104. Professional strike
3 T- ?- G% i* N
5 i, _$ |0 Z- @+ p+ r/ g! ] bOrdinary Industrial Strikes: ^) W- h: s( J. N7 d
105. Establishment strike
$ P$ p- P$ a0 ] M& ^% o 106. Industry strike
. T! C0 f4 o2 r+ k1 { ] 107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes
9 |& X0 [4 _* `$ e: A4 R1 z 108. Detailed strike
$ |* k7 Y2 _7 O( m& [. H 109. Bumper strike
3 w$ k) y: n- }" ?& C- ^9 y* G! D 110. Slowdown strike
' E# J, I n* y 111. Working-to-rule strike3 u- ]5 O* l S( {
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' t+ h4 U0 ?! R
113. Strike by resignation4 t3 }3 L4 V( t( U1 y: A# z# q5 G
114. Limited strike: e2 p4 M+ V/ U2 [( U
115. Selective strike0 ~3 W1 b) |& ^# P% F
. t" r% S5 s ZMulti-Industry Strikes: B! k% K" V% E. J
* G0 l; P! ?" A2 |6 O" i: D 116. Generalized strike
) u3 N* j* V4 H$ G9 E9 g1 j% y5 E, s: G0 `$ }* D$ p& r
117. General strike6 x: E) N" H$ Q# O' h2 B
) i& k$ D: l0 N% JCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures% R" \. [% }, D
! _' ^. [ {9 p6 B4 \& b
118. Hartal
8 ]3 [4 T7 s/ R' R! G+ D: d$ }$ n# E1 |6 x9 F
119. Economic shutdown7 x9 G% Z- d, Q
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION) S7 x; s% @/ f+ S* ^+ V. Q' N
+ I. E, Q% B2 \' X$ O9 j
8 N* z3 }+ d. K: X3 |Rejection of Authority
/ w" e s% c( B) `; I' R8 m 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! \: D% \* p1 c3 l 121. Refusal of public support1 B- M3 E' m4 X* h
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 Q: D2 [! k5 y% X$ c9 |+ ]
/ w- _" q& ]( x1 i7 _Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ U) [; P) a0 b
123. Boycott of legislative bodies' t$ y* q8 T4 a8 p* [6 f
124. Boycott of elections/ U# v% k7 x$ j/ K" s
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 G }! T" e7 w, i9 K N; A 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 s" |) X# K* Y) t% f$ A4 f* j
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ Q, c) Y5 M8 g: M4 s/ q2 q
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. c! L: E0 N0 |$ L" F" d4 x' P' X 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! h' p7 S4 ^; I, g+ b3 M+ z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ ^% [- K* Z* L$ { {6 x! m
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 u" O- z* l$ Y- z4 V% A, ~ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 }. g& N/ |4 H* H; X" B" h$ v, x4 c+ O5 y' f# H
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* t8 A9 }3 W1 x0 h d8 I" ~
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 ?7 ~( d/ J9 @' {
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 |3 E' L( |5 }7 M
135. Popular nonobedience
8 Q7 b+ @' w6 Z 136. Disguised disobedience
' N! e! E# b9 p$ ~# N9 Q. A 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# j: {( I1 i5 B: Q% v% t- W 138. Sitdown {3 a6 s0 P" j
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation: |/ a5 T; |. u- @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 W: U0 e; U$ U) U& a 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 f% i! J! X9 m4 b& b
; |' }- r8 I0 D1 W. a
Action by Government Personnel
7 X; [" a4 C r 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) z: y- _8 F) q( u4 C8 r. X- i& r
143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 i" z4 j( _( |: [ T- h* O/ r
144. Stalling and obstruction
& U5 ^4 d2 P# {; t1 z% j. x 145. General administrative noncooperation, Q8 i: w* G$ s& A$ w* w+ F
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146. Judicial noncooperation
# @( Q0 P$ D- v; _6 W/ | 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 r9 u% q& z$ w2 e2 f5 [( y8 r 148. Mutiny( u6 f' w$ d/ Y: C& X
Domestic Governmental Action: h. A' J+ y; B3 X
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 t9 L2 j# A; j7 E- ?/ p7 ^
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ m2 W! H2 W* @6 U0 H3 [3 x
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International Governmental Action( Y' u! M' `) l- S. h
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ N- e+ E6 |+ \8 ?) Y
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' j8 v; ^" W! J
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition' q( Y3 m1 q/ b% J( r
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ B+ V$ |0 h, z; o% y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
0 }9 X7 m0 W5 Z' B) e' j$ S0 ` 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% `3 w2 {% h8 e7 R
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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X8 D0 U1 T$ M9 _0 C $ O) S7 ?& f$ v
( B, ^3 O6 w* B( s |THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% i/ X0 C2 W. w0 w) @
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5 G; h3 J" j G- H- D* ^& Q% g( cPsychological Intervention1 g9 V/ ~+ \- T8 Y u
158. Self-exposure to the elements- m* g$ Y. H1 f* N5 P
159. The fast
3 b. ^. s9 ~4 O2 D a) Fast of moral pressure
+ Z2 Z) ? C9 s8 Z3 ~2 r b) Hunger strike
& @+ }2 j2 Y4 K- K0 A. Z+ Z* ? c) Satyagrahic fast8 C2 E( ?; k4 e
160. Reverse trial; w+ ~: L0 T7 }: V" V% }
161. Nonviolent harassment
" f: V: C' M+ P( ?1 V
t3 M" a2 A, cPhysical Intervention! Y: I( D6 ]4 \, A: A0 O, K
162. Sit-in
% I( m& P. Z. y5 E" ?& t 163. Stand-in" O( w8 Q9 O0 H/ C( ?, O
164. Ride-in
) z, O+ t7 ]4 Y( @: J 165. Wade-in% @) _1 {, M# T
166. Mill-in) O$ V- E; O5 k0 O0 s
167. Pray-in
0 `0 X/ A/ U: y. R/ J7 q 168. Nonviolent raids
0 G4 K& n a! z" L! _% ?/ t 169. Nonviolent air raids
+ o) Q& G" F, @% c. B' }, g. Q 170. Nonviolent invasion
. a) E) P4 |" O4 g 171. Nonviolent interjection! V6 Z J: X, F; b
172. Nonviolent obstruction$ a% j/ |1 d, E3 ?, N! b1 j
173. Nonviolent occupation3 H% z) p$ B9 u) w2 o. b0 X- c# j
1 q, ~7 R9 R9 D4 zSocial Intervention
- Z. a, w3 X, p H# p, h 174. Establishing new social patterns4 C1 T: ]( e+ w5 f8 W/ s7 O: l2 r
175. Overloading of facilities$ w$ Z1 ~" ^4 W! c; a5 D) z {( ~
176. Stall-in
1 ?& J- E( _* @' e 177. Speak-in( W5 J M, W* x5 \1 {9 _" ^
178. Guerrilla theater
y& ?5 t2 h, b 179. Alternative social institutions
2 i _2 K* y S; f8 C 180. Alternative communication system
H! M) e `* m6 D: | H
. }$ K# w2 u4 o$ BEconomic Intervention
6 i- [9 ^. ~* w% t7 Q8 \ 181. Reverse strike: ^' J) }) [/ Q
182. Stay-in strike
& h# g8 C8 S' {7 [0 Z% [ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
. a. U- d* a5 [* p$ @# g4 T1 z 184. Defiance of blockades; E! ]5 Y/ x6 g! m. X* X0 e- P
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 G4 X/ r$ t9 P/ N3 E) P
186. Preclusive purchasing
% h, d4 q: Z: B$ ^. j# a4 M n 187. Seizure of assets
& x3 F7 _# S! K) {4 X 188. Dumping, {( P* d# a9 x0 d( I- g
189. Selective patronage
9 T' y5 g+ [6 f) v3 h1 s2 @ 190. Alternative markets
" _! [7 ^' S. w3 v1 G* h6 s 191. Alternative transportation systems
2 K: G2 f. f7 u8 ^9 y K/ f 192. Alternative economic institutions
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: O$ O3 x' ? C2 x8 f/ qPolitical Intervention
6 S N# K y; J( Y0 o 193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 D! Q* J+ p, T6 v$ D) k 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ W3 O! Q( v4 Q1 l& z4 t 195. Seeking imprisonment
2 m9 M3 J* V) x6 S 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 e( t5 w+ m: n 197. Work-on without collaboration' M! V9 H5 f1 @8 Q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
