 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* ^/ f0 G8 ^& c e& P5 @, c* GFormal Statements% Z: |) r F* m; L$ a2 ?6 o
1. Public Speeches' ?! d, u, z8 V/ H2 ]3 z' W; k5 {
2. Letters of opposition or support
* L1 Z* o. F4 p2 w/ f 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: i7 I1 m: t: y& r4 N; J 4. Signed public statements- `# n% N- f8 } }4 h) K
5. Declarations of indictment and intention! o q" X' u7 j. e
6. Group or mass petitions
6 J& G' e3 }+ c0 Q- V% _+ y+ E1 X
Communications with a Wider Audience
; H" E6 R& J) P. c, k 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
3 V5 v" g" d; T6 U9 m 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 I( l) j9 J8 }: g4 ?" Y- ~ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( U( i2 K+ B; n9 F 10. Newspapers and journals
N0 I2 U" Y; n4 l! S% M2 K" r; s 11. Records, radio, and television
7 s m' P6 W7 {% N9 P& k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting O( D$ b( J$ w# O3 U" O
8 v: h! Z- n3 \7 g+ Q7 ?' FGroup Representations
& ^) [" J! J/ ]3 @* U 13. Deputations
! ^: z. l# y7 e* B8 T; Z 14. Mock awards8 W$ A+ K, z8 w$ A
15. Group lobbying" Q* p- V1 E& t9 i9 X
16. Picketing
9 C [1 r* T& Y* w" k t8 N& Y 17. Mock elections' K' D2 L6 h+ L& m! t. _/ n( `, y
7 Z0 g* P# Y% }+ Q h5 }- F
Symbolic Public Acts1 E$ h' M S6 z5 m; S
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- C- o6 X W7 E) T
19. Wearing of symbols$ Q' w3 {; T I# B1 g
20. Prayer and worship+ d6 u A8 z! n% F' k# o' V" Q
21. Delivering symbolic objects# K* Y; n) E m2 U
22. Protest disrobings
, q1 H8 j X8 K0 q 23. Destruction of own property
( ^ k& V' w9 L2 ~$ C 24. Symbolic lights
' \- I3 C" N2 F f" j8 N( G 25. Displays of portraits
$ s7 z2 {) ?( p5 x( V& n 26. Paint as protest0 I. ?2 `" a; R7 Y
27. New signs and names
, {0 H% z5 S. X 28. Symbolic sounds
0 W3 ^/ `0 S0 t 29. Symbolic reclamations6 Z& M3 Q: h0 {- L
30. Rude gestures
1 N7 a0 y; s3 z4 \
( X9 I( A' X' U: z6 S9 }Pressures on Individuals
! t/ ^8 d Q6 _& \: U, ~ 31. “Haunting” officials; o% }9 P( y; C/ A1 ^
32. Taunting officials# c0 v5 |0 m6 ?& J9 ~, k F0 u
33. Fraternization
; N `, ?6 I6 B6 u1 v 34. Vigils
) {: l6 s+ o/ y8 P$ M$ D+ }4 ?- f$ i( ?( b$ w$ I! i
Drama and Music4 t0 X2 o; q; Z S/ J( p2 e6 r9 w
35. Humorous skits and pranks7 b+ E6 R" J6 A- r1 b2 v9 U
36. Performances of plays and music; _2 v4 T/ y5 D, v1 N
37. Singing
2 r9 j% L" M% {# a7 R% ]8 f6 L4 x3 O) ~7 r/ {6 D* s# |
Processions
0 e# l; C0 p: u 38. Marches
/ ^- i: _' k5 G V* T 39. Parades
1 v4 i7 f0 G" ~5 g, _ 40. Religious processions3 @" T q% s( O0 ^7 P
41. Pilgrimages
8 d# D( |: t9 g7 R1 A" c z+ T 42. Motorcades
9 ^! U5 _# i2 F6 ^
. X( J; [( G& ~# Y+ s& s* P$ \Honoring the Dead
& S6 S1 d, i. f 43. Political mourning* V6 h6 k* c+ b1 M
44. Mock funerals% B6 O; q6 _: n; F1 ^" ?# w
45. Demonstrative funerals. [1 n) |/ }3 c/ n+ T2 g/ _
46. Homage at burial places8 n: Y T4 q+ w* }
7 R2 T) E( B+ C3 Y
Public Assemblies
5 S! w' `+ a7 M. n C8 [ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* j3 _2 ^9 q/ o9 b; z" k5 q$ n3 v 48. Protest meetings
$ C3 s4 V" T! Y. y% Y) O 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- k3 C0 E: X2 ^/ g6 h6 n& L 50. Teach-ins
8 X; J E4 R6 H n2 }
1 r! C( D; }- q& O- eWithdrawal and Renunciation- V8 E2 p" [9 X! Z' U
51. Walk-outs' l" m6 F: {! V3 v
52. Silence2 U' j2 ]% P4 K& P1 B
53. Renouncing honors( i' N2 \$ ]: E2 S( B$ E" `# a* i
54. Turning one’s back
& ?" N$ h- n4 b8 Z
+ z! E1 b# A$ ~3 I+ ?
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# R7 |3 O+ @% y$ @; k( gTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 |, R0 n" @& U- H0 l3 H+ R9 S
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. [$ U- n! l# t) z. o: S0 B0 J! l, W6 f5 |( k3 [
Ostracism of Persons
6 T% p. j6 y# U2 a) Q 55. Social boycott4 T$ \9 ` Y$ B
56. Selective social boycott5 Q" R# [: W! N3 ~$ |
57. Lysistratic nonaction/ b' Z) _8 l' y' l/ T" |
58. Excommunication h& k I7 q: D6 q* e
59. Interdict
# o$ Q8 K+ W3 U" | b7 j+ q Z( u
% K* p3 C8 D) GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions; e- r- X& e( O6 A% o; o! J8 y, p
60. Suspension of social and sports activities& C2 O7 l) g. O- Z" [
61. Boycott of social affairs
) y3 \0 p4 F6 C: U% b 62. Student strike
" P7 S# a2 o3 J6 |" B5 o 63. Social disobedience
% v4 u; X0 P5 v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
w% s3 o; g2 I$ N5 T D1 J7 R* a! V' N5 E, N- M: g
Withdrawal from the Social System, y: M; T z9 p" C2 e5 B8 u- I
65. Stay-at-home0 d2 j+ J% ?6 t5 p9 E& D' w, j
66. Total personal noncooperation
2 Y0 ~4 I! k; i& J4 o7 T+ M4 s% X 67. “Flight” of workers) o( x3 R( s0 r' F2 g( F t
68. Sanctuary! K0 P% a, n& \. A# ^5 M7 |
69. Collective disappearance
+ E9 Z; i/ l e/ K8 [) w9 y3 x: } 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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5 L9 j$ `% p0 ^2 B$ U/ m, g+ N J/ W' y( Q
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
7 D$ N* e. X$ ^' Q7 _0 ^ G4 x% c
5 y1 s+ w: ^: _
; c6 C( s0 h; R: w6 @7 [: sActions by Consumers% g- A: q8 t, ?8 x; M
71. Consumers’ boycott
* ?4 w- ^' T# e" Q: U 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 M- v. _7 `0 t
73. Policy of austerity
. O6 |* T8 X/ {' R* z v3 j! e 74. Rent withholding& a8 d B, |2 U! z) `, c
75. Refusal to rent
2 |0 I& G5 q6 t 76. National consumers’ boycott7 b7 R! _1 B y
77. International consumers’ boycott/ ]5 f. H# R7 v0 v2 `- v$ t* Q
# C3 i8 [0 j) H3 c- T) w/ h% jAction by Workers and Producers. [/ U2 E8 O( W1 \9 [2 d1 ?
78. Workmen’s boycott
+ X( q: J8 K, i5 }4 w 79. Producers’ boycott6 J# Q P8 Z/ i4 Z9 n# }3 P) P
1 M, |$ [) x/ t: T% ]2 {4 BAction by Middlemen9 Q8 U5 ?2 O5 | |& H F1 x# `+ h) @
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 ^4 k/ [0 }9 z: ?3 J
0 |0 ]& e& x0 `* FAction by Owners and Management2 m7 `2 A9 i* A1 k
81. Traders’ boycott! O) f* c" C" K
82. Refusal to let or sell property
& `/ d% b4 `5 v$ x- B 83. Lockout5 ~1 c7 W1 r% x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; N9 B+ V/ g7 X5 U; t1 P+ L 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, A% {9 D4 J$ w3 J! g! x9 {3 Q4 o: L* B
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
7 Y; V: z5 c6 \& M7 \; k% r# a0 i: S* a 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 ^- v! Z8 C( T) v4 }
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 }- |: t5 i/ X6 U: ]
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 o: q) H( j7 N! l; L
89. Severance of funds and credit
' b w/ ?) S0 l2 A% P: r% x+ f 90. Revenue refusal/ ]% N/ X" s1 U: _! ?& B
91. Refusal of a government’s money
; i R: E+ [! {( ^7 U
2 w a2 x; L1 R z' F9 OAction by Governments
, v G4 n$ \# N/ y 92. Domestic embargo+ ?3 S7 V# i$ a! y, W# Z s
93. Blacklisting of traders
- Y* A) L3 f: v/ ~3 r 94. International sellers’ embargo
6 Q2 y8 J' b3 G1 P$ M 95. International buyers’ embargo' S7 M2 ]. z# p# R1 N
96. International trade embargo
: p4 c5 W. j# l4 f# @& Z4 M$ t( S, Q, I' Q
6 y$ k2 i! U# q3 A
7 J6 u( ^) V7 |6 X4 d: BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ ^2 F& r# p$ l2 X* a6 n7 t
( s/ Q1 n2 i) v+ v K/ A2 u
9 n% _: f7 l' g. J# xSymbolic Strikes
0 _' m0 d+ K% ^5 Y3 d! o6 G) n1 R 97. Protest strike
L+ E; k! ^! J" r! z 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)) p+ f3 X( j2 k$ A4 h3 ^
; [4 h4 y! ?' z% h6 I8 yAgricultural Strikes- N: Q6 I; z6 S0 S
99. Peasant strike0 g+ E4 i+ u; U5 `$ C( a- L
100. Farm Workers’ strike
: d/ K* d2 c: D" r) ]
! `- L: J: Z5 w. Z& n: mStrikes by Special Groups
, o: ?. V8 w: s4 Q8 H( p1 d2 u 101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 H3 |" v. t# j: _1 Q 102. Prisoners’ strike
* t8 p& s: @4 z 103. Craft strike& u0 r6 u2 c, }1 |4 C; \
104. Professional strike% Y$ k ?' h- p" B0 i
* I& \# q* b, o2 w' Z6 b# KOrdinary Industrial Strikes
6 |6 {' I' D! U' w* a, u# ^ 105. Establishment strike3 g3 C% E: T, b9 O5 A; K5 \
106. Industry strike
. f2 H0 R% x5 |2 k 107. Sympathetic strike
* F9 U9 t- {) Q E6 D9 T! R4 v: ?+ _. x- k
Restricted Strikes9 e' Y/ ]9 D# a
108. Detailed strike, Y; w8 U% |7 m
109. Bumper strike, c4 H9 B- i. n; n0 i
110. Slowdown strike, i O% ]% }% ~/ \+ f' n
111. Working-to-rule strike
$ b2 W9 ?( O! U) j5 D 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& Z" |9 J& w9 p! Q1 I4 y k0 J% r 113. Strike by resignation
5 X1 S7 S! Y+ p4 L; _8 d& c 114. Limited strike
( ^; z# ?/ u; k# T 115. Selective strike
4 w% c' ]! E( i9 |% U/ d; x* [0 E$ {3 m) {4 Q
Multi-Industry Strikes
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5 D5 ^8 M7 p6 A' d% G6 j4 _9 @% g 116. Generalized strike2 z: p; R9 l+ V1 t& v4 R( F0 W6 c
$ ]! }3 H* e& H4 q/ y# v 117. General strike
' i* A9 j1 o) v* n q; W* |) r7 Y; a: [( |: d
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 l' O T9 b) |. Z3 Z
. e0 h4 ] n! ~' ^5 N 118. Hartal# \% s" ~/ c* O! n5 ^/ R7 j
# D Y% T0 A4 G2 b* [- u
119. Economic shutdown
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9 s9 T( Q+ J; y( O( m! O2 Q# i4 l% m- x( y
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
/ Q1 h% N' I4 L9 P+ |0 ]5 v2 k' a* c: X2 ~
' o& @6 e$ @) z6 n G& ^Rejection of Authority
4 v8 M' t g% K# A' j0 K1 e 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance# _0 q. \: m! ~ u9 U1 X
121. Refusal of public support
7 k; H8 Q8 d$ w 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 h0 k; d- d9 ]' m
% m, T3 E" S6 s) ]
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government: V/ H9 `/ Y4 Q3 \0 ]5 F- M) h* Z# b
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 m @( A+ C. L8 H! }2 o 124. Boycott of elections* F' O0 ?* g/ K1 u0 S
125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ Y) d; X y! q4 M4 U+ e/ r, Q# Y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies7 N1 K; G3 W+ q9 E; i( c5 h
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( O8 A- V' X) Q3 E
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 e1 w* M$ K U! n" g 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 r/ T% k1 [0 r( T; o: C 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 z* t1 R" J5 [+ x, S7 r4 [ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 p( K4 X; c! F5 P 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; E/ B% q4 ~0 Y5 P% F
" T+ t5 D9 v: M/ s
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; V6 k& s: G$ `3 [& M. @1 p1 B! j
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# v/ v- I$ G, {* J/ Z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# T* D' C# C) r: Y# U
135. Popular nonobedience
: d0 x) J" u) y+ S 136. Disguised disobedience
! w' L' p( x: [, W+ v2 J' f% { 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% _9 W. t8 f. E
138. Sitdown
% M/ ?% s3 T$ d" c2 [ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
& T. n) P" b4 D& } 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
h2 i# E. A6 i' Q& J/ n8 R4 y 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
( D6 p$ y* Y# i& i0 u" E
$ K' T1 g, m) d4 g; XAction by Government Personnel: Q5 E7 b5 J8 z6 i! b+ r7 s
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
4 i8 j1 O# [5 s" M9 } 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 L$ H1 V. w. q2 z5 e 144. Stalling and obstruction
3 ~) v# P; a9 b* N# b; O2 H 145. General administrative noncooperation
5 g+ \5 ` `. O% E2 @- ~& R5 b+ U% R
146. Judicial noncooperation; e2 }4 I, p; E$ h
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents8 D$ s: e$ J, a8 x# a* R5 n
148. Mutiny; k" M% A% l# h; Q8 x( Q0 J/ ?. z
Domestic Governmental Action8 V7 D1 w( G9 F& H6 K
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& n6 q- {- u& {1 C5 p$ _) x 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 I' A8 P" E: c
$ ^" S2 ]2 d( mInternational Governmental Action
O: w% E4 i/ ~/ t) X3 [ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* ~7 S0 c! t7 E2 V, V! e 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 Q+ z+ ~) O+ k8 w4 ^! I/ l) l
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition& h6 W% J: \2 t. A* Y' T
154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 k1 ]# K- Z+ I! g# c
155. Withdrawal from international organizations" _" u+ ]: [- [$ V
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# k2 s# G6 M- P' i' Q 157. Expulsion from international organizations. s% S# d5 |5 m/ |1 N2 }
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+ c: l. n7 `( W% ], q9 X' g- h! wTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION( P7 b, d2 h$ @0 ]) B* }, I
7 z" O. S7 F, X d6 z3 p$ V
. D/ x6 z- c& BPsychological Intervention
5 W2 L9 w3 B8 v; w- { C6 D- _5 u 158. Self-exposure to the elements
' n4 w/ S8 i5 P q7 I! [+ I& y 159. The fast
0 U7 \& W8 A2 s/ Z9 m a) Fast of moral pressure
) X8 k; K* E: a1 F+ h( S b) Hunger strike: t; Z8 v n, B8 n4 I$ J
c) Satyagrahic fast
* j6 l5 b G- H$ w0 P' m* ] 160. Reverse trial. u2 d X! Z2 j& E; J
161. Nonviolent harassment# o" E: q2 c% \, f) G: R" W
# J0 c* @8 M/ u( q: `Physical Intervention
; G! W4 D8 K( V7 y6 C1 q& o: \ 162. Sit-in( r" I4 E$ i$ b3 y( E
163. Stand-in6 q& T# E% T8 g0 C) D0 ]6 G
164. Ride-in
1 w$ X) \3 b, |5 V 165. Wade-in$ a" Q ~1 n8 Q
166. Mill-in
$ y+ {1 o, r1 ~. ` 167. Pray-in
% [. Y) |. r$ B& Q 168. Nonviolent raids: A. B& G6 {) e# [. o" M* @
169. Nonviolent air raids4 V3 t1 J) E' q: ^. ?
170. Nonviolent invasion+ c+ w. c0 f" L' m' z) n
171. Nonviolent interjection4 g3 m* k7 p" W2 E0 m, w7 R
172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 {6 ?' D2 x- T 173. Nonviolent occupation
! f2 q) m5 Z7 d" z7 v& p; f: H6 I( o+ N- j) k" i4 p$ q2 k* ~& x0 K
Social Intervention: W: I$ e( ]0 L5 e# r$ D2 D
174. Establishing new social patterns! E4 @) c1 O' F2 o1 S1 O8 f# h
175. Overloading of facilities; _ [7 c2 B! E: y+ C
176. Stall-in/ p h m( s! L
177. Speak-in
0 q) w; n7 l) @: V8 Y 178. Guerrilla theater
p9 j F- q: b J: o 179. Alternative social institutions" h% M" D$ v& N; z u. N3 f
180. Alternative communication system
' w: g9 z$ ~# ]" ]" E5 B
! n3 L3 L2 {& p1 bEconomic Intervention: @6 e9 n `. {: n0 \+ P* I
181. Reverse strike
$ [, [! U0 W) q$ x; W1 G 182. Stay-in strike6 f9 T5 O- x$ s3 t, o0 r8 f0 i* m4 R
183. Nonviolent land seizure
& f, _# x0 D; [1 B) ~* ?! j 184. Defiance of blockades
7 Y4 D! {7 H6 g: ? n 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting, z6 R* b. S- P! ?! r8 p' X2 }
186. Preclusive purchasing
+ T4 b g; y; p6 d0 J3 d" s1 G 187. Seizure of assets
2 O4 k+ l- k9 N5 x0 X e) j 188. Dumping
) u# n5 M3 M: l) e/ ^3 I* E( G6 F 189. Selective patronage0 @, E7 M# X' ^2 P2 C, D
190. Alternative markets9 Y! ^, t7 x e
191. Alternative transportation systems
) p4 {; A9 i- b( R Z 192. Alternative economic institutions
6 ]) x, _3 o2 L. e6 o$ B( ^% E1 Y
Political Intervention
% e7 i" V& }3 }1 { 193. Overloading of administrative systems5 I2 _% H0 _9 T! `: v! N/ n7 F
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 j* e' _3 A. n) Q( m# c2 u
195. Seeking imprisonment: F& x. N$ a- k0 F/ ~2 a' L
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; b, R# {4 `6 d: d' P: B 197. Work-on without collaboration/ ?, h5 h6 }$ @7 N9 R- ^0 ?
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
