 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 ]8 Q/ B( K8 G1 t6 V3 K* y
Formal Statements' F: ^7 ^/ x& f, Q/ T n) D$ W3 U
1. Public Speeches
% Q# x, g# M6 _+ \: V; b8 z 2. Letters of opposition or support
: C* g2 G, k7 n2 v5 Z8 N% W# f 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& Y. R! R+ l3 v 4. Signed public statements* ^7 | P) z, i" R+ }8 \
5. Declarations of indictment and intention) ?) {' S6 u# n( o6 J
6. Group or mass petitions" T1 q5 v" A- t/ z8 C
/ w( {, O+ m% \ U. h3 N5 n$ Y
Communications with a Wider Audience
: C; ^) ?! {9 Y( t8 Y+ A3 S* b2 | 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" y5 N! F! M* l- t* V
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 }7 |( }( D8 _" o9 K4 y
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, J& X* S' ^( F0 o, k
10. Newspapers and journals6 j4 [" C2 C6 i* ?# ^
11. Records, radio, and television
1 z: c% x* Z/ n 12. Skywriting and earthwriting- A7 A8 k8 W3 h' D3 t
1 j7 r; M3 X# U/ K0 [Group Representations# {3 {" y0 L. Z
13. Deputations) l/ c$ X5 l* f1 H# ~: f4 S, z+ k
14. Mock awards
" u- M$ Y- S+ u$ ]* n 15. Group lobbying
8 Q6 E" f, q* Y- ]! k" g6 J 16. Picketing" V& s" D: |2 b) J9 n
17. Mock elections
$ @) A0 X( n' Y
) j# |; K4 q9 W' ESymbolic Public Acts3 h0 k; I) d9 R4 [6 q
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( U5 A8 O6 U8 a
19. Wearing of symbols! O& I, ]0 P s4 I
20. Prayer and worship
) Z# M8 O0 o4 B; c 21. Delivering symbolic objects' e3 Y$ d* T* G4 o6 l& @
22. Protest disrobings
% X; }8 S% k! r' M2 ]( j 23. Destruction of own property/ z' p4 k m3 ~2 C3 o2 g. I
24. Symbolic lights
% K- ?. w0 j' W1 \0 F M ^ 25. Displays of portraits9 a* w: e) e& g9 t2 n
26. Paint as protest
/ B. \2 A7 o8 r% y/ T- _2 x. ]* z 27. New signs and names5 y* b; `2 O6 r# Y0 T" U
28. Symbolic sounds
3 q( P7 M) o! O2 U; s 29. Symbolic reclamations8 Z* S( N- N0 s C. D
30. Rude gestures7 r1 Y* r6 e6 E8 K; J
, O6 v K# _+ ~$ ]5 N* e1 }5 ]
Pressures on Individuals
x7 K+ s8 N) f' U5 k 31. “Haunting” officials4 K( ]' U2 X1 J2 U
32. Taunting officials4 k' j( L5 G8 b: L
33. Fraternization
! S; q* o9 _8 b 34. Vigils
9 o4 t+ u4 B* W9 y7 Z7 L
( V$ ^3 A, z# d; ~( UDrama and Music
f1 z! W/ G8 o1 W& D 35. Humorous skits and pranks
# {) N8 L8 q' W5 T5 o4 u 36. Performances of plays and music
" O! J) C& y1 r: u6 ]. r 37. Singing7 x8 L+ H+ m( x
+ R% G* T2 Y* h- S: x; F! y
Processions* R/ J X6 j4 G( Z# o) _+ F
38. Marches/ {8 i) t" v1 q+ j1 P
39. Parades* R0 | r; `; o0 }1 o4 H( u/ N, g- B% j& c
40. Religious processions
- l3 Z" x/ h4 P3 b 41. Pilgrimages! m2 l$ A+ r# m
42. Motorcades
8 V# L! l3 T0 Z; W
( [4 X; T% L" n) n6 x! q9 tHonoring the Dead
\, O1 k: ^$ a5 G) W' s 43. Political mourning& z$ i+ `0 d3 a+ J% }. F
44. Mock funerals! ^) n* _* `3 Q8 w1 |
45. Demonstrative funerals
" z3 d; I% t4 F4 N& Q" d1 v! Z 46. Homage at burial places9 R3 T" ~6 w% _8 b7 K/ E
& u4 I. q) @1 a) ~Public Assemblies
* a) R/ \3 `8 S D8 p 47. Assemblies of protest or support
7 w. W3 t) Q5 i6 T( ]2 j0 b 48. Protest meetings: x X6 o& J( f; M/ F8 z: f
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 ^$ N* @0 K% A' [% ]" g( r4 F
50. Teach-ins; O3 K9 g0 E! l( T+ y; M& |- `
2 F0 c6 {% K, l9 m8 _
Withdrawal and Renunciation5 P1 |( |+ l' n- z: H
51. Walk-outs
4 a l. E% q, r8 d2 ?2 S5 p 52. Silence
/ X. R: Q. F. v9 { 53. Renouncing honors+ w; G, I4 e8 x
54. Turning one’s back
5 E6 I# m1 {5 b |+ R2 P' w: l
3 {# m% U$ g5 L1 u; x
+ a/ U& `* a+ t0 }" a8 w3 L0 {' P0 d) O
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 T# r7 C, r) d& {( H
3 z8 R6 c: V6 B# A) ]4 N+ t+ r4 R* }
0 ~( m2 ?7 O; \5 I* C+ B* {+ h' |9 L
Ostracism of Persons
7 D" J0 C) G6 H7 m 55. Social boycott
; P0 d8 A5 T) F, I. `4 h6 M) w 56. Selective social boycott
' T; d# P# t! \0 N4 N, h 57. Lysistratic nonaction2 K+ c: I; O" c* K0 k J# e
58. Excommunication V3 k/ a+ u( E& U9 ?1 R u9 F
59. Interdict# F6 @( z% m1 S# _& b) N- e
6 u5 F- Z3 h# @# ]Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions0 K I) W9 a7 Y" F) k+ c
60. Suspension of social and sports activities# v! [% u( t9 N5 W- X
61. Boycott of social affairs, u- m+ K1 k' u& ~
62. Student strike) R* f# [) P0 a, d- U1 o% a$ F
63. Social disobedience5 Y8 w; X& @( T0 i0 b6 G
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 k6 g( U5 j0 @" V# b
: x- i7 f$ y; G$ t4 L6 i- _/ {Withdrawal from the Social System
! _2 \1 p" @% ?4 l- B- I 65. Stay-at-home: Y, \7 d/ e) s. e
66. Total personal noncooperation/ _# c( P$ [% @: y! m* v8 ^$ }4 ~
67. “Flight” of workers h; y& o" b% O9 h; N
68. Sanctuary+ ~3 b- n: H6 F$ T
69. Collective disappearance
+ W6 k0 ~) Z& Z- ]9 h 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)9 v3 r2 r6 A6 H; O+ C" q! T
y7 V' Y/ \3 D
% V6 K/ T# L r
8 B8 i* Z4 x4 B0 T1 `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
) f: V% L/ l! Z* q0 V3 ]$ \5 O( M0 f3 ]' E
1 J! i+ N1 P$ b! W
Actions by Consumers$ ?0 h# v# R2 n: e2 K/ h5 f
71. Consumers’ boycott
( X x; B3 @8 k0 @- G5 l+ R 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& D# K, |& z: H. ~1 E n9 D
73. Policy of austerity% h/ G# T: @" J( F- i& ~. x
74. Rent withholding' X1 Y0 q. d: f+ A9 ` H7 n
75. Refusal to rent
& R2 s$ h/ q* \" A5 u# R' E 76. National consumers’ boycott
, X& N) B0 W; G6 i! L 77. International consumers’ boycott2 Y5 ?9 r* Z5 n7 g' @* }
' i( I, b* b: G9 s( N2 [' CAction by Workers and Producers
- y5 c1 C2 r. n! Y 78. Workmen’s boycott! Y, @" Y5 _2 z( o, |" l
79. Producers’ boycott
+ y3 x! @/ L1 _! a, r; u. _! w8 f/ x/ u9 }
Action by Middlemen
% v* w" C& V; I1 P' b9 @, M 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
; g# C6 m3 ^# _# X& {( W3 i, a0 ?* g
Action by Owners and Management E2 u& m. ^# E
81. Traders’ boycott: l, O3 h1 q! P
82. Refusal to let or sell property
6 K( y* e; f ]$ z9 H0 o 83. Lockout( [1 O) A" M3 W0 o% f6 p
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) U$ X4 L: d% u# X 85. Merchants’ “general strike”& w H l8 `! {: d9 l7 l0 C
C9 ?( |+ k0 B4 M6 D
Action by Holders of Financial Resources% w4 N1 v. N! H: W: N% Q& l
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits' p; t$ v% B7 x5 u/ A
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# W/ O' _7 Q3 k* f- \
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest& z" ]4 ~0 C- D5 c% r3 T
89. Severance of funds and credit
2 s1 g6 \, h' q# T2 F 90. Revenue refusal
. Z1 e3 L/ x! ^5 ~$ Q; Y 91. Refusal of a government’s money
& o0 g) Y( L9 @; h& }! W) Q; x1 a% h
Action by Governments
: s9 R x( X! ]3 s% B' R# q* } 92. Domestic embargo* W& t/ M( {6 p( [- K) d
93. Blacklisting of traders
6 C- ~ u/ j& i) M [# i- ?. f 94. International sellers’ embargo3 o$ e, n3 D& P, ]6 E/ d
95. International buyers’ embargo5 j! X. z. S q: F4 U
96. International trade embargo
|: @7 D6 R- J2 ^% |9 E7 r) [" V0 _" K' Q. l1 x
4 Z% ^3 E {6 r) e1 l/ J5 {4 ^8 I) z+ {2 v: s* Y2 |
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 K+ n3 b6 ~; S2 K
/ T5 ~/ A1 ~+ k: }+ Y9 \* o 4 c4 e- l2 f Q; W3 B8 g4 t) i
Symbolic Strikes
: J% p9 } T4 q+ L) _% z/ { 97. Protest strike C, r# J* X3 k& a/ {$ m% g: S8 S
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ l5 D8 k1 @6 J1 o! k' l( W4 y
- F4 y- I k, ]2 L: u4 j% JAgricultural Strikes; n' Q5 W B' u8 C# |: q8 @
99. Peasant strike
& ?7 N9 p9 D* F! N& I 100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 f+ B% |8 v! b! Y
% L- o; U) Y0 |Strikes by Special Groups! F) M" U5 Y# D( E. x& q y3 U
101. Refusal of impressed labor
' ]; q4 t3 e1 n$ b( E 102. Prisoners’ strike
4 W) n! R G4 f 103. Craft strike
' [" [3 k$ H7 i 104. Professional strike
5 P0 J2 W% w, ~1 z* s1 B# |1 A1 U% L% H' m5 a
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
& ]$ z$ W4 z& n% H 105. Establishment strike
# w( p8 P# W7 @3 S 106. Industry strike/ Z- w. f/ [. u& w; [! C
107. Sympathetic strike
; N$ @, g: s2 O/ z2 I7 ]0 H! p6 x
Restricted Strikes
, I' ?3 D5 }- C4 L 108. Detailed strike" n$ ~/ z+ ^6 p$ L* G
109. Bumper strike
2 q" m$ F0 Q9 W0 @; w' F 110. Slowdown strike5 |; M [' | ^, o
111. Working-to-rule strike
) `- D' `4 Y- k 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* B, ~) J6 J& L$ e 113. Strike by resignation3 ]+ h) U$ @9 \2 [& t; x
114. Limited strike: E8 H9 z' H4 v) F+ ]' J/ k* b2 K
115. Selective strike
) r: P, O% n* @+ Q' S K k( V: V$ N* H3 z. B, a9 g
Multi-Industry Strikes4 v1 i, F9 }, J5 D1 `' O
& Z1 u. u+ {; _' V 116. Generalized strike
+ q& S" U# I3 L6 J# l6 K: j
" O) ?7 z1 n3 }) _' Z* k$ s 117. General strike8 D t% I* M* n* w+ e8 b
& e3 s& p* {6 T1 i6 c
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: p/ C( p& ~- Z
8 Z; O3 o' O' K* ~3 X+ u6 m$ u 118. Hartal
" V5 l. s" r+ c. K/ `( z* u& t% A# p1 ^9 q$ L, b
119. Economic shutdown
7 P7 v0 u& e4 T5 ]- E: y* V
* }- m) D" R8 Q) x) M0 C* j! b # i9 e0 I% l: F" _4 |$ Q/ a
9 T: C5 A8 S+ ?! v# l3 xTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( U$ n9 _; e7 g3 h
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9 f; s$ O9 o: j$ Z: v: SRejection of Authority
9 ?; U' @6 Q& z5 U: \: X+ E0 J, B 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& C* r! n2 z! Z4 S( ^& t 121. Refusal of public support; E5 v4 K0 ?" `5 m+ `3 l& V# V* v' ^
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
% C+ }3 [& W& X2 x: T4 V H* h- e2 M5 [' Q8 R) N! d
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government& ^1 ^( @% L: Q9 J
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 U3 _! X6 _- p- O, V 124. Boycott of elections Y0 `) T* U# H6 O
125. Boycott of government employment and positions Y n0 O% D7 X9 W
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* I# u' Q1 f) X/ I0 d/ @( C* O$ Z
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 \# Z& `( y" _6 R
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 _, C t. ?! p) T9 Z+ I
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents2 Y7 f1 |; B3 u8 ]7 X8 d
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 N! u2 @ S9 E: t, k
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 f3 H" u0 s% x; R$ G# T3 b B' @& q2 r 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 c# [9 b" z; |; r
. F: V+ o5 S/ o) X' Y( @6 cCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" ? N7 ]! G+ l) a9 @ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 g8 w5 x" ^" ?/ ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision @7 w8 `1 x: `7 `# X
135. Popular nonobedience
0 v9 @% q! \' n$ w 136. Disguised disobedience# p. g G3 Y3 `5 F( e+ _" n9 O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 X+ c" |% `" _' d* M
138. Sitdown- p) S7 G2 q! d8 w7 Y
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, _3 Y" R7 @. q/ A) ] ~, N 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 Z0 }$ F8 F+ {# T2 I7 F7 _/ c& F1 r 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 p; r4 e4 g+ x; q9 Z
/ s) Y, q7 N3 z! c4 g1 oAction by Government Personnel* L- ]3 Q6 b% c D) z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 J; b8 `0 D; I% z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
, L8 E+ H$ v. N/ J8 z 144. Stalling and obstruction* u5 }# M. C( \6 G
145. General administrative noncooperation
) M0 x9 j: e& }) q- ]& s; ~3 Y9 ~8 o. }+ @ e5 F! Y: f
146. Judicial noncooperation6 h' ^" W% t' _7 c, S$ Q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; s8 z4 o7 u" M# e. ~1 H 148. Mutiny
& w# Q$ t, d3 d/ x! c" T7 a) kDomestic Governmental Action
1 d2 D" w. a* B" F0 c1 c 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
X, b) q% U/ h* R 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
8 q' S" y0 Q1 S* J$ P3 E" V0 w
+ g/ N# m2 i! v) g3 h9 I+ |International Governmental Action
' z5 l8 Y; S {0 g: l1 l 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 ^$ |7 M1 D& Y( F+ l$ y* v- F 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 W7 B! K! k1 [9 I! Q# j+ t) F( l) S 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 K/ q' |4 k" x3 W) N
154. Severance of diplomatic relations+ A Q# _/ R+ P5 U9 F0 f+ {( Z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations8 ~ ^6 C( ?+ }& b+ i
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 {5 u, j$ A. |* M) w 157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 j8 v* ]3 @/ |7 M. t: u0 }' \; @% |% Y* Y& E* J( @, n
* e, o$ n3 m& ?$ m+ _* Y# c0 G6 y2 M. j# T, L9 o3 L
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ ^& a ?, }/ b& ]2 D- b& Y
7 C h% D: S* w E7 z
9 R6 y/ V, p9 ^! V8 HPsychological Intervention
6 E6 R4 ~3 l% f& F: k 158. Self-exposure to the elements" G8 s5 _, N! c8 V4 M) m
159. The fast2 V3 \* m: R; E1 t9 g: _
a) Fast of moral pressure
% B0 A5 w' ]0 X b) Hunger strike* w4 P0 u. p% W) Q
c) Satyagrahic fast
" l1 e9 k- x1 W+ I" R+ W) u2 \ 160. Reverse trial" e5 _6 f/ }4 ]) H) r
161. Nonviolent harassment
" Q' `$ R" v8 ^/ r# h1 Y# [% _9 g
# A9 H8 e( T) Q# E1 \ T, HPhysical Intervention! b( F$ G/ f% `/ }0 r- U6 F9 F
162. Sit-in9 L$ U& \5 R; h; |9 X0 Q- r4 e
163. Stand-in
$ r6 _7 A7 [9 t* | 164. Ride-in- D, c9 D4 G( y" x3 Y# q
165. Wade-in9 ~' @3 Y' w% \3 Z/ ~# I2 N
166. Mill-in6 i. y K& F3 H& A
167. Pray-in
1 R: V K! P4 ]6 J- I/ [ 168. Nonviolent raids& b r1 i/ s. `& L. i) A, ?
169. Nonviolent air raids6 i5 H7 r' D/ ]9 u
170. Nonviolent invasion
3 w9 r+ r% G# `+ m 171. Nonviolent interjection" Q+ _5 j' [4 e) q# A
172. Nonviolent obstruction( A/ M( L+ G9 W: O- q
173. Nonviolent occupation7 y- O' |2 j0 ]- `; Y6 B
* u+ `/ _( P1 R" H& T
Social Intervention" f. a* m) X; ^; F! e2 g3 A
174. Establishing new social patterns0 t( U* ?- \( m
175. Overloading of facilities
% b* q6 M% Y2 F* Y' z, }: O" I 176. Stall-in' I$ R3 i$ G4 @6 x4 u; [
177. Speak-in
+ D( m% l7 @! _, `, J* ]; S 178. Guerrilla theater$ K) e- L8 z7 R; f
179. Alternative social institutions
1 x- r0 d8 Q' S! ?7 q% ~ 180. Alternative communication system
- e- H8 A0 [9 _7 |# ?0 F! V8 F4 o: d0 l
Economic Intervention
5 h* ?7 f2 x) O 181. Reverse strike9 d6 x; P6 c5 ?+ V
182. Stay-in strike* c: ~) e6 n# [3 n% b8 r2 D0 b
183. Nonviolent land seizure
& B7 u/ O. W' l+ k9 k. M$ k. E1 j 184. Defiance of blockades
* l; U+ r3 t: P- z. W$ i 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 C8 \% E; R. V5 y# [+ R2 {! B' n8 r
186. Preclusive purchasing
& |3 o0 w- Q% l# R 187. Seizure of assets# l. D6 D2 q, p+ {: S* n, Z6 _2 x
188. Dumping- {; d. Q. o+ _. [) p# M) r
189. Selective patronage6 a) }5 w. M; }+ Y) {* M, ^
190. Alternative markets
* ~+ k0 k, c1 T2 _. c 191. Alternative transportation systems
1 B; J! h: Z& h, Z3 x# z( M" A 192. Alternative economic institutions \- D; `) _( `) r0 \/ L/ ]2 R3 C
5 t7 {1 @! P0 o9 W
Political Intervention
9 e1 t# C( J2 ~' N, V7 w( ? 193. Overloading of administrative systems) W9 z, b3 z0 Y6 C- N
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents H5 D; s, R0 J2 `, {
195. Seeking imprisonment
* V+ s' @- y2 l% S K) ~% l2 _ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 n3 I! H9 Q; E8 _* q ], i# F2 Y 197. Work-on without collaboration
9 D, {7 q1 S; d- L 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
6 c7 h7 a5 u# @ [% O6 G% G# l1 q& X9 k' u9 o# D8 e/ q* [$ ?
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
