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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. i# m8 l/ z* G0 y/ T$ }' t
Formal Statements
/ o' U4 b, Z5 V( i9 w$ F+ p5 ? 1. Public Speeches
4 l) m! J! N) \# y4 n, H 2. Letters of opposition or support
/ s* I" T7 I5 K7 ^0 n: U. g' t 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
) F' k9 ]! m8 |' `/ |7 Z 4. Signed public statements$ F4 `% t$ `- n; d1 e
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 Z4 d3 y% V9 |( P' ?; H7 k4 T/ D 6. Group or mass petitions
- _8 m. A( H- R
$ a# W" L, x8 m0 ]5 O( p$ NCommunications with a Wider Audience
8 n+ @3 T6 D; d& U/ `9 m: q+ a+ ] 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& d3 X# B, j$ Z8 S2 | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ f$ p. p5 J4 w" d
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 b2 M/ f3 W+ p G) x# u* T
10. Newspapers and journals# Q( R8 N3 |. W2 a7 T
11. Records, radio, and television
+ O& ]8 T, l/ M" ^: U 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( l' X& A8 ` ]$ o: C% j3 g. h Y) j( U I. P
Group Representations2 T( I/ X% m' Q6 |! Y
13. Deputations
/ J0 S& m5 q) x/ D* C& N! A 14. Mock awards$ N6 m/ L' Z, V" N
15. Group lobbying8 _7 e) J3 ^: a# H
16. Picketing0 q6 V0 F/ V# G0 E H: q2 t) {
17. Mock elections, r" F6 l$ S G! J0 u! E
2 ~. V3 H8 B1 c o* @
Symbolic Public Acts
' w6 ~2 Q$ X2 }( Q: _7 F4 X 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
" p: _3 u. H) d" Z. v3 ? 19. Wearing of symbols, p+ q& ~ z# Y# O1 J
20. Prayer and worship
/ F' c7 X4 u7 v n7 ^6 E 21. Delivering symbolic objects9 y) v2 }$ X4 b" C/ ` u- F
22. Protest disrobings( L g/ Z: m: @
23. Destruction of own property( o5 U% \+ r" S, p
24. Symbolic lights
G( _" b9 @9 k: Q 25. Displays of portraits6 n+ \2 B# S) U1 K& E0 s, ?' F
26. Paint as protest. y" E/ N" Q- b3 s3 e
27. New signs and names
' ?1 E( `( x" s& o; T+ N# M1 G' a 28. Symbolic sounds
3 V# t/ U, c& y1 U' Q+ q 29. Symbolic reclamations" h, r0 I: P8 H( B7 ~+ O$ b8 N* T
30. Rude gestures- A2 R1 t& S6 c. Q
- r. i8 v- i I. ^3 U! nPressures on Individuals2 u: ]* ^% k% d# s1 t: j$ n2 a
31. “Haunting” officials
# Y9 k# P9 [0 q. I- R 32. Taunting officials
8 |; z' E' [1 R; j/ `; } 33. Fraternization9 |* u% ] |# w2 |5 b
34. Vigils6 F0 }3 H8 D6 C/ R
( e3 W( `% r" c3 }4 [( Q& g5 [Drama and Music# j; G( k& x& S& j5 ^, O
35. Humorous skits and pranks: R5 {% a8 k7 D
36. Performances of plays and music
$ P) l. g* q, i: _ E7 w" c* F! ~ 37. Singing
& o0 \1 ]% W! r. K, z T* S# i/ {0 H0 s& n
Processions
8 N5 E' [$ E5 w: q4 M 38. Marches
6 s1 T6 n5 m" ?( _ ?% t# w) M) ] 39. Parades
% e& m: e- S* Z/ d 40. Religious processions+ u7 |0 w* S4 X: I4 p* y
41. Pilgrimages7 n% f5 a/ p, e0 Y( b8 w' u
42. Motorcades
" d S+ e9 d0 `% t. ]5 {* y ^5 Y7 I/ F
Honoring the Dead3 Z+ Y- Z- P, R( T* R% H' s
43. Political mourning3 Q. E7 o/ X8 U
44. Mock funerals f8 y f: G( m- B a- F
45. Demonstrative funerals
# h' u8 U0 n0 q7 y) O 46. Homage at burial places
8 A. h5 K. a' l: \ U
. h1 P) q4 b, q: b/ X2 KPublic Assemblies g2 W) Q% z, j% J. p" o
47. Assemblies of protest or support0 c$ @; b2 ^) x' h6 N
48. Protest meetings
9 Y+ \% B* k/ \! n4 U 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& M( b ^1 f) u 50. Teach-ins F0 m/ r9 {" A
0 B; D3 [' r3 R* A( d7 s; E
Withdrawal and Renunciation8 S. }5 C5 C) v# i; ^7 i2 p
51. Walk-outs
4 O* c# ]- |4 a! P+ h 52. Silence& P6 M8 X" R. f# z+ v! d4 g7 S" ]2 p$ `
53. Renouncing honors
- C% U5 V5 J/ e1 ]: t& } 54. Turning one’s back% a V6 T' A/ b6 Y7 o; V: B) y8 }/ ]
% ~" D- n7 @! Y
/ Y$ X- s0 x+ d: J2 {
+ H7 `" X/ R' W) I3 Q' ?THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION$ F/ h) R, t( I8 h9 Q
! L6 R" S' T3 }% P
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Ostracism of Persons6 R5 A3 a& z* e$ a: k8 \
55. Social boycott
. T7 D7 e6 c' I h! ^& G! Q) r$ B 56. Selective social boycott/ Z X/ R5 p& f7 T
57. Lysistratic nonaction
! Y0 ^. l$ a6 P: K2 a 58. Excommunication
% z% x0 ~6 P1 n0 f3 p2 d I 59. Interdict4 O8 [& Q+ e* B! ^- t. W5 x4 {
5 Q n5 y5 w: i$ ~/ E
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
1 x3 ` K5 }/ U. m0 F8 ^+ {6 [) Q 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; q) m/ ]- l: K
61. Boycott of social affairs/ }. \& C6 R5 @0 p6 c4 }
62. Student strike
# M2 G9 S$ @9 z5 f 63. Social disobedience6 J7 [$ V& l" `1 E
64. Withdrawal from social institutions% s/ O, w0 O, p
7 c- R% n# W3 c9 KWithdrawal from the Social System
, |/ g$ T7 }6 K' f3 l8 F0 v 65. Stay-at-home
9 ] ~' Z$ }' s+ L- l& F/ { 66. Total personal noncooperation* Z" k; E, Z3 X- q$ g' I
67. “Flight” of workers! x- B! C& g! D1 g
68. Sanctuary4 }7 h0 _' O' }. |3 }
69. Collective disappearance
; w, V# z! `# l 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' Y N U2 u6 l* d, K2 m7 W+ v
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 O6 H/ @; Q4 b- H+ D! V. c
7 T# o0 z& g1 u9 { `- L/ s3 u
0 X) w' d0 c: I5 k3 FActions by Consumers" i# c6 G& R4 }0 U5 R+ d
71. Consumers’ boycott
( h R1 G; \* F 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 i6 i9 U) T( A6 L/ R0 T6 G 73. Policy of austerity
" |0 S) {+ X$ h9 A( g) z2 _ 74. Rent withholding
; p3 C f" v( f 75. Refusal to rent! i( _! a4 K+ a6 W. r
76. National consumers’ boycott I" q# W( k8 K- R' N
77. International consumers’ boycott$ S1 E; \4 ]9 [) j
- d3 P" h4 T) o9 v! B3 s/ x/ @
Action by Workers and Producers
1 l6 F& ?# {' R! S 78. Workmen’s boycott
" j1 D, i# y4 w 79. Producers’ boycott
$ u( n$ s- N5 K$ l/ B8 }
: M: p+ W% h( B1 N& c2 RAction by Middlemen
7 a+ P+ Z+ V: o 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( ]9 J/ g$ S6 g9 g
3 h8 S; ^7 s' R
Action by Owners and Management8 k. n/ }9 e' I+ T! D1 [! v
81. Traders’ boycott+ ^9 a/ W# M; I T% _, N* O
82. Refusal to let or sell property3 W. s( Q% x& M4 M( _( ?
83. Lockout! E* B+ }3 ~- C4 l0 y3 B- o
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! `" Z4 q- J1 i# O8 @ R5 u9 y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”* m. p+ m& h6 ?
8 G: ^. j# c- s/ j( _% M& W. }
Action by Holders of Financial Resources% w J; m4 Z( o
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 D# I; Y; o0 W- U
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 e2 Q7 A: M1 d' n% U" {. U
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
8 b, x6 S5 K6 \ 89. Severance of funds and credit
/ F, l& n8 I! z% J! b& R0 c 90. Revenue refusal& d6 X& `3 y' N6 i; V# Q! F
91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 M6 ^& B; @) p$ v5 ~" c9 H) J$ d% m, f6 P3 \/ v+ f: ^
Action by Governments' j7 ^% t* |2 T5 i! x' E0 i* d
92. Domestic embargo
6 E% V" [+ e3 Z; m 93. Blacklisting of traders4 F }# F, d0 S" x1 v1 K4 {
94. International sellers’ embargo, R$ f5 l4 P4 w/ b: O3 t6 V$ v6 z
95. International buyers’ embargo
% q( i" t; o/ m. u 96. International trade embargo
5 Q# l6 m9 u+ }+ P* ~* g* P9 I% H3 H
; ]3 x: D y4 m, s2 A5 ^! N/ I3 t3 \: W, s1 B6 s% `% O
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 F$ P O+ v1 f
4 U4 I0 H7 M4 ^8 i! D* X: t! U' Y + t" f }8 T& H% y: b9 p4 m
Symbolic Strikes
! |" z4 Q6 W: H7 h m 97. Protest strike5 v+ L" V+ T$ J) W; @
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): o! B+ X) J4 D6 E) r
1 ^9 m* m0 z4 g {
Agricultural Strikes' a7 Q+ p+ p# O0 D& y( C* D
99. Peasant strike
2 g) ? z5 `# f2 g$ ]0 A 100. Farm Workers’ strike
' z+ F+ x5 m0 w7 s$ K; b
; u& B9 j" D/ f3 qStrikes by Special Groups
' @* N# R1 K, y m# |9 L 101. Refusal of impressed labor* [3 l& y) J0 N& ]5 J; c2 [# b' W
102. Prisoners’ strike3 o* ]- X7 D7 i. h& v
103. Craft strike
# Q# l b4 E1 G4 y1 a2 J q 104. Professional strike. l4 E, c7 G2 b
0 E7 b& l" _* w, Q
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
# V$ F! G8 d- J: i7 ? 105. Establishment strike! ~8 ]9 E7 S; R; h* K* w
106. Industry strike- G' D0 x5 ^( t* K) H2 W2 t! b/ j
107. Sympathetic strike
4 l! c4 u# i$ I- x6 h, ?( N6 q4 @
4 n+ k+ |1 A7 H: ?0 D! TRestricted Strikes1 o2 m6 G9 h" ?% e
108. Detailed strike3 U" P& Q* W* o- i8 g% _
109. Bumper strike: } o, D# _* z% _- H
110. Slowdown strike0 M2 M/ ]$ A) [) C: q
111. Working-to-rule strike
8 @) R/ T. N0 F6 j$ K 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 n( K q7 g0 P( T# c" E8 {, C' E N
113. Strike by resignation3 K; O/ O' q# b5 w( Y
114. Limited strike9 |; r. S, \# n( s( z5 V4 j
115. Selective strike
6 ]# o) Q4 o% O e0 Q! r- e
9 c2 Q3 [1 T1 S+ c6 tMulti-Industry Strikes. M# c4 s4 q; |& f$ V' n
8 R* L# v) H# ?* s) E' F/ g
116. Generalized strike" }* \* e: K I" Y+ V
7 K4 o5 n9 F( x& c1 v8 ^
117. General strike9 v& ~' r7 ?- D2 X) ~
2 M! C! m) A: d; F, T8 JCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
& a* J8 s* e8 @ I( w5 C5 V1 U( ]( _- o7 A6 C
118. Hartal W2 O* G. C' w6 ]9 v! K
5 o: u7 B* ?0 [7 A M" \
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
6 k# z, m" ~4 x) q7 ?) F4 I" I0 j. p3 x) }
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Rejection of Authority: _$ q. U3 ^- A, _' n5 c, ?: Y. _& C
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 q& Z& F0 t2 l( f9 f: H* s9 E 121. Refusal of public support$ [, K3 J& ?1 d6 ]( {
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 w8 }/ \, Y, _, M# z% ]( v5 Q2 `$ M( h+ z/ f4 g
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government- J p; o$ J" v
123. Boycott of legislative bodies" X: _% w5 b9 T7 C' q
124. Boycott of elections- I/ K. ~6 _% B+ w! \/ ^* ^
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- L# M0 F7 i2 f4 N 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; a/ A$ s3 q& \. y N" k$ q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 ^! W3 b$ u3 K3 i# y# z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; ?5 J$ L1 u( H) h/ G 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, n( @! T! ~& O' }8 K
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 Q9 `9 a9 c0 Y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
" @0 p+ Z9 V0 t$ y4 i# { 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience# g- H! q1 B4 V& B* p7 N. Q4 a
133. Reluctant and slow compliance( O& P6 K$ v! U, R9 i+ G
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. @7 P" t# X5 g2 Q! T, @' S 135. Popular nonobedience
6 o4 W1 D, W- {) s6 u6 K 136. Disguised disobedience( \5 O, M6 f: T1 D
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 U8 `/ I( f1 I/ I- X! d6 ` 138. Sitdown
) \& c% @6 o' Y 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
( C/ Y' I, a) W' X3 m, u 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# Y$ Z4 s* Y3 b5 e5 q- q: e0 N4 i
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 ]# p o; O) g; _. u c' E+ c
9 q: x$ c9 A8 n# i' _
Action by Government Personnel' f$ [3 N6 j. d, q
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides* w' M: G3 j& l i' ]& X
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ O9 q! z! ~4 A) w3 @) f* V3 C { 144. Stalling and obstruction
+ y6 r$ D2 g8 D4 L9 {8 `9 ~ 145. General administrative noncooperation; B1 Q4 k( U% ~# K) L
. `6 q$ \2 d, j$ x 146. Judicial noncooperation- j; p. g+ {! y$ W
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 H: a% e+ J6 c o' Q+ U* c, a
148. Mutiny7 @, O; X: N! P* L0 c6 k! X
Domestic Governmental Action
9 F2 h* l! Z' _/ n) x! A4 [. f+ A 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; A1 z# U5 q2 d/ P% L% S 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 h- V6 l: A, g0 o
4 D8 \4 o- E+ a3 i- _2 k" JInternational Governmental Action5 i5 Z1 }: a+ F/ p& i/ R& \8 ?
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 ^* {! m% X4 r! V
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events q( l3 B9 I( s; I
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 [% M3 w0 F. }6 o3 q
154. Severance of diplomatic relations& \5 \+ j5 i9 ~; B+ u
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 H1 K4 K- l3 L 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ T7 v/ C: N; e- u" x0 [, F. q
157. Expulsion from international organizations1 m! o. r4 V# ]; t+ F% c9 t1 g
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: l6 s+ ] l+ h9 Y! E/ hTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
# g# U) j; l0 K0 q9 N& U+ V* i; Z* U' t" g- X9 z9 b
) W- X; W% x& _2 D# P7 z, V7 M4 ~
Psychological Intervention( `* B% O* n: k7 t
158. Self-exposure to the elements! G+ g) m# V m0 [* c; `
159. The fast8 Q: z# U# p5 e( b$ X
a) Fast of moral pressure
+ s6 ~/ Q, m4 z1 d G% X* L b) Hunger strike) ~0 [ d7 j" I( }; z- S2 }
c) Satyagrahic fast! {0 C# Z, A/ [# H d2 P7 }
160. Reverse trial6 R( Y @* B8 M6 K9 @7 ^
161. Nonviolent harassment
7 y1 T7 w9 K2 t8 l" M9 }2 k( U9 j. c1 d/ ^1 [) I
Physical Intervention
! r2 @6 l3 o7 N 162. Sit-in" H, }0 W& N; ~6 y* b9 }! A
163. Stand-in2 Y7 W/ G- b* V9 W+ T
164. Ride-in# P! z; p! W* ?! l) V: M1 `% \
165. Wade-in. L; I' R! n( Q6 l- M
166. Mill-in
# c0 K' p2 f6 d( a5 c 167. Pray-in
* I9 d1 C+ c0 l( [" n6 v 168. Nonviolent raids- p# j# A" b6 M `
169. Nonviolent air raids" v9 ^+ Z0 ?% p, u
170. Nonviolent invasion2 L3 o0 a4 r( k
171. Nonviolent interjection
0 R' t5 }+ M" v1 i1 u: k( D 172. Nonviolent obstruction ]! `) X ?; E- V% r6 `7 P
173. Nonviolent occupation
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9 {2 D, a' q! x, eSocial Intervention4 v6 T" p( o# ~( C% f+ D3 V
174. Establishing new social patterns
+ O5 I" A# I% W+ @% V 175. Overloading of facilities! \9 R0 |* x" N& Y0 k. Y5 U1 b+ I
176. Stall-in& G/ K3 a c% V6 Q2 r
177. Speak-in1 y9 C% G9 T9 j% v3 y$ f
178. Guerrilla theater
7 w: q. p2 _! q$ v1 ]4 q% U 179. Alternative social institutions
( L% J+ a# }5 V* J6 S: Q 180. Alternative communication system
1 }. f6 w" ]* c" z: ]2 c# o! z9 U5 n# E0 O" g- J' n0 m
Economic Intervention- X/ }, A1 O0 _/ c, P5 m0 E$ `# V
181. Reverse strike
5 Y7 j% S' m5 f# c% a+ o 182. Stay-in strike
* c4 a" |8 Y6 N% L/ ^ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
* t, |1 ]' o) a' M' z 184. Defiance of blockades1 B# l% V8 D5 V9 s q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- `0 E0 a2 T$ Y1 E
186. Preclusive purchasing4 `3 t! a6 e' C: e" u: V
187. Seizure of assets
3 Y& k: l: _" C5 e" T2 f 188. Dumping" @' Y- q! l0 L" l0 a
189. Selective patronage
6 R, a9 Q& N2 `/ U5 ~ 190. Alternative markets
4 I6 Z: p' d+ p2 z% } 191. Alternative transportation systems( s! V) c' w$ |# R6 n0 o
192. Alternative economic institutions
" F0 y1 f+ M% H, w7 T" D: w7 F& E' x* w6 V! s" ~
Political Intervention) [+ Q# P: L) w* V. s
193. Overloading of administrative systems! B5 ?) a# c2 t3 J3 r' ?1 B# j) r
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
' T; L- B2 Y9 D9 ]' d, G7 t* _! ~ 195. Seeking imprisonment
$ Y3 k; U' g& E# s( E 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" ^3 V$ D( b! X; J 197. Work-on without collaboration0 Y1 I3 v0 J% y, `& W- f; c; p# B
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
