 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- ]; D6 b* G( f, S$ O# O, {* UFormal Statements1 P1 ^* E, u$ S& D- F
1. Public Speeches
* B5 |) @1 @ y9 H. F% c 2. Letters of opposition or support. N! P, b" m0 r! B9 J: m
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; D0 _ s1 V0 E
4. Signed public statements
. ?0 g4 l I/ n 5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 {' b* W: W! v* [9 H; _
6. Group or mass petitions, l3 n B" G' R F# ^
8 J' ^, ^: c( g/ r0 V* `* [Communications with a Wider Audience% h; _0 Y& b6 Y9 j1 T) j5 k: r
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols! F$ O% l6 c2 Q% i/ o k
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 q' _4 x( s6 W5 [
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: L2 l( S0 y: G2 C1 J4 S 10. Newspapers and journals
) B, d9 P% M" b# }" v& g. q 11. Records, radio, and television+ W9 p- V9 {) @
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ m, T8 W+ L0 ^& \
# D" E8 S3 b# Y+ ?: }$ h! i9 A. TGroup Representations9 \. d. d) l1 t4 ], q i
13. Deputations
5 h; O# L" b$ F# c8 n 14. Mock awards
# g9 M+ @/ \% ~ 15. Group lobbying
/ {9 i# P$ ~* z. B @ 16. Picketing4 [6 f! L& j, A) z
17. Mock elections! Y }' I1 U! W, I
0 I) N1 A) e) e9 r
Symbolic Public Acts- p, m Q$ N& M: f& U
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors2 w" f9 z) `" X$ z6 I
19. Wearing of symbols
! B' \" }& I% f* B" Q5 m$ a 20. Prayer and worship" i4 P9 d& C: p9 {- a; {3 n: y
21. Delivering symbolic objects1 u3 M; o3 l& O% @
22. Protest disrobings
5 W& W2 [! E" v) _ 23. Destruction of own property" |* d" v# d/ i% M9 p, F9 h
24. Symbolic lights
9 {) h+ X" ?5 W+ t" \3 t; c 25. Displays of portraits
. n* C3 v$ Q' ^- J3 ?9 | 26. Paint as protest
# m4 J g6 i+ s8 b, X& g 27. New signs and names( I4 k8 X/ x/ H- F
28. Symbolic sounds
% K" s- L6 o) I( i2 D 29. Symbolic reclamations
- A0 g! n S: J+ q! ?, A 30. Rude gestures" ^ H+ o. d1 |5 M0 Z2 F
7 g/ e2 ?4 _) Q# {" lPressures on Individuals' M# o3 x, k+ G3 i8 u
31. “Haunting” officials# U5 Z: `% S" p( l" ~$ p* V9 \
32. Taunting officials- S5 B% i9 j9 \
33. Fraternization
0 a) k. F' \- x8 ~& r6 D, ^ 34. Vigils7 J( C) ^" s) i
, E" k5 T' E( W1 D) ]: m1 P
Drama and Music
4 l6 M/ u/ u4 z8 o3 {/ n& o5 I 35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 D- N; ~7 R& r8 w. a* v' f 36. Performances of plays and music
0 D m& x" n' i# q+ [ 37. Singing+ ^/ B! x. b" m
9 M F" B8 ~9 O9 A0 T
Processions
% c' m& a: d- ]) j) }' @( \ 38. Marches
0 Z/ M. r5 j: d4 c2 L+ ^8 s 39. Parades. R4 J7 N5 o. H8 g
40. Religious processions7 n! W) {2 E7 |: Y( a, J: c) f
41. Pilgrimages
, a$ s0 a4 ^$ I9 |8 I 42. Motorcades( x, o$ G4 c3 p: _" h0 i1 ?
2 |% i! p2 V# {$ I* @( l+ ^
Honoring the Dead
- H+ a! w: @9 ~$ ~1 Z, O 43. Political mourning
6 V% q% f: g6 I# e: Y% X 44. Mock funerals
8 I9 c6 A z% B9 u 45. Demonstrative funerals7 n% B$ L' L* e6 G# r
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
2 l! z# U( Z( [4 U/ l 47. Assemblies of protest or support- [" E( Z7 c4 V9 v5 {& x
48. Protest meetings5 u1 S4 |, f! o9 C5 N# ^
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest; }8 A3 Q" s! w: R
50. Teach-ins: v6 u3 i' I$ ]
7 Y! h* q' s* s& C7 I% M
Withdrawal and Renunciation
8 x8 H, c, `) X: `& Z 51. Walk-outs
g* \/ a2 C& v3 b& N( b8 m4 S' A 52. Silence# ^" w! q% B! W" F! _' e
53. Renouncing honors: m) |3 J* r5 W# \
54. Turning one’s back
+ `% c0 o2 o2 i: \9 |3 F" K5 q
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5 B$ p5 v: U8 ^3 \2 t+ q
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 ]5 h' ~4 W# Y4 N
2 g e: Q) d% D0 o* C ( U7 ]+ ^* B3 k' g) P' T
. p- ~" t4 @- |$ ^Ostracism of Persons* c$ c2 I' H7 r& Z- u3 s& t
55. Social boycott
& g5 g3 B* ]3 P% D" a3 ] 56. Selective social boycott
$ ?- ^5 Q$ k5 N# [ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 l6 x! |8 `. k( `( ] 58. Excommunication" v7 e2 ~+ r0 [# I& E* g- ~; x
59. Interdict9 V& Q6 t- y x G6 ^! U
& F4 p+ C0 ^4 Z* g! J9 V5 p3 L |: I
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 x# x5 \# k& l8 [1 b 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. Z$ X; ]; d1 u; _; M6 y 61. Boycott of social affairs
7 V/ S3 m m6 m$ O: q) x6 r 62. Student strike( y+ O p0 q0 b( C5 p+ }1 x: {) \
63. Social disobedience
3 g4 {8 W7 ^' M1 H% M( A0 a9 x! p 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) u6 Z, A+ m8 q5 u) e
2 E# Z8 X8 B9 S; KWithdrawal from the Social System1 m' a9 b* A" C5 [1 h% t
65. Stay-at-home
1 P: ^3 s/ F+ }% b 66. Total personal noncooperation
1 e. [9 g1 r# p 67. “Flight” of workers
0 M1 D3 M: C( x& u% D( b 68. Sanctuary
2 W; d) n; Q$ _) Z 69. Collective disappearance! w: n8 {5 ^0 Z: b- L
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ Y' P8 E. y, @8 ~+ _2 _
, t) f! h8 Y. q4 I 2 _2 [, E8 a) A2 N8 X
% ~8 S* }! X. _- k, k6 J
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
. v( y: Z8 W9 z
8 k9 m& V! A# q. C; l5 J$ u
1 Y8 e" _) z! n w# {) L7 H% \8 yActions by Consumers
% Y( u$ u: l% h5 _4 g 71. Consumers’ boycott7 b k& [/ U% T- \1 m d/ O; Y% Q
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# ^$ ?4 C# b- b) U, r$ D& `: ~4 k6 D 73. Policy of austerity
6 E5 ?6 G2 t7 I5 e" v 74. Rent withholding& n6 X; w7 h; c' H4 u' t
75. Refusal to rent
r5 H; Y6 ^. ^5 v6 [! n 76. National consumers’ boycott
. a# D# N6 O9 n# o& z 77. International consumers’ boycott
( @+ L% ?7 u2 p# ` I h0 @5 @7 _+ ^* \4 ~, q1 ?7 f% T$ `
Action by Workers and Producers
+ W- z$ ^" v" _% Y 78. Workmen’s boycott
* g1 j0 c8 N( j2 c7 M! Y 79. Producers’ boycott, l6 { E+ ^, H' k' V2 U& B
- C) j9 _* q% R# s" zAction by Middlemen. `/ A8 k0 o8 B4 d1 Q
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 Y1 t* r4 L3 A3 x3 X% \8 ^
* v7 H. e, I+ rAction by Owners and Management
, c: V/ ^) _. g2 o$ w: }; f 81. Traders’ boycott& @3 E7 m: f) {! ^+ M
82. Refusal to let or sell property* h _; i6 f. {0 d9 |# a4 l# Z
83. Lockout5 m: s& q: ^6 h$ N/ F- f
84. Refusal of industrial assistance* q0 k: G: ~- G, g6 ^
85. Merchants’ “general strike”# s5 A( W; \6 q% Y! X) `8 b K
4 _4 r: c1 i+ j qAction by Holders of Financial Resources! t, ]1 V0 e7 Y( @
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ M2 `4 n% f2 E7 n* t# `9 z7 L 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' c7 E: ?" E- W5 V3 z; P, } 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 Y6 _+ O8 T' F7 K3 Z
89. Severance of funds and credit5 g6 Y- ?9 e( l& r
90. Revenue refusal' x5 J6 q6 D1 i2 B' I5 V1 V# w
91. Refusal of a government’s money
T/ G! z0 T* n2 P( L5 N
+ S1 C s+ R/ L; i6 ?4 FAction by Governments9 J6 e% N+ t' F
92. Domestic embargo
0 h Y# S# t& |/ b- B 93. Blacklisting of traders
7 \7 C" O3 C; q3 Y. h7 x. C 94. International sellers’ embargo/ |% p4 }" `) t; z& E
95. International buyers’ embargo4 D. c" ]- K7 f" R. }" o
96. International trade embargo
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; t9 Q0 q# `" u. B1 kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 \% T( V. [; X; |" v \% ^. C7 R8 d) g; Y) M
; n6 ]* d* p9 @# n: r+ f* z
Symbolic Strikes
! z6 b! B3 C W6 M! {7 v) ? 97. Protest strike; Z' B2 N+ X* |
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
6 r) N( R6 P! c; \% Y! \/ P4 p5 W+ B- T7 b( D7 q6 t
Agricultural Strikes E9 O0 }1 [- X3 ^0 f9 y; }
99. Peasant strike, a" u3 K: @& h B4 z
100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 i# C! v0 Y0 D3 j4 f
6 C) U+ \ D5 L2 W, }Strikes by Special Groups& b+ i$ e: s4 h, ^* y4 y
101. Refusal of impressed labor
M$ P9 v: m0 r& Z 102. Prisoners’ strike( \! ^; _* W+ ~! Q. G
103. Craft strike
0 l, V/ s/ r& z4 l8 H0 t 104. Professional strike @" E2 x- B+ c3 v
. M/ X( u: \1 gOrdinary Industrial Strikes
6 O" s7 m" ?- s; b2 u% y9 [ 105. Establishment strike
; V' T$ m' M: ] 106. Industry strike7 Y; ^. i7 j. _7 p
107. Sympathetic strike0 ]. _, h# d3 S- j- k- C
/ V- G4 o3 Q2 k' |2 y/ YRestricted Strikes
0 Y* Q0 H% Y! ]+ B. v" ]. A 108. Detailed strike' a4 p1 f \* ?) u ~' w
109. Bumper strike
- x9 Q s+ g! Y1 A 110. Slowdown strike" I6 V! N. T' f' _+ `# j! h
111. Working-to-rule strike
- R' y1 ]% E" z* g) F5 b 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- }" @# H5 C: U' x
113. Strike by resignation
* a1 O+ K- w: d8 N 114. Limited strike
3 W$ U# B6 A `8 U! {0 k 115. Selective strike
, N, \- B1 D r' S! v* T3 Q6 L
$ L' _+ x1 j/ q5 F1 R- V( u- _Multi-Industry Strikes
% O/ g- I( z& M6 v( B- C3 {0 V' @% }2 V; j
116. Generalized strike" a* K6 E9 b; K1 w
. o" ~; O- E! I6 p( C
117. General strike" c/ t0 k& @/ ^* `5 ?
l+ J# g8 f) r( t* y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; H- A+ Y4 A2 j8 q
# U `' O, h2 a, A1 I1 ` 118. Hartal5 p1 I( u4 @# Y1 |" R) k
h! c' z9 B* G. B8 D
119. Economic shutdown
! N' F6 ~, m$ _: o9 g+ z
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 A% E. T/ p n* Z8 u4 v/ ?; S& i: k
4 o. Q; z$ }. t: L" \$ WRejection of Authority. |& j8 p4 c5 T7 F$ |* M+ h7 A; w
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' |' i4 N. K+ r" ^+ p; S ^ 121. Refusal of public support
, N$ I q7 O9 i' q- h' a' p9 Y1 r 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ T/ w; m2 c" s5 X" ^$ P
- a/ R$ P" {: k* b" H- E. aCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 p6 V! k+ V, u: M' ?1 t' \
123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 g) m0 q$ w$ p& X
124. Boycott of elections
+ M. V. X3 A% c. K 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
, t" d# {7 x6 q8 `8 Y& `* B 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 E5 }4 e2 |! B8 x$ q( S8 k3 u
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions; l3 Z% D3 `7 ?/ u, i* Z
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
# K/ G$ b" k3 d7 n& _ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 g7 R2 k0 Z8 ^( ]7 X k 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' w& P- C* Y* y- ~4 v: ~( B* A
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 \; ~* |4 d: ]/ j. z( r: V
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
. ]- p; _# ]$ B5 u' W) B' x
! n5 W6 V7 N5 h. r& DCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; A+ j4 Y) f8 @) t- a2 M7 \
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ E [8 n# f5 } ?
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 {( g: r7 Z7 n# F% P. }2 t& q 135. Popular nonobedience1 H# l6 ]) i, p3 ^; u
136. Disguised disobedience
' [2 @" s5 D4 H% a6 j- ^5 \5 u 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- s7 X5 _: Z# ~0 G3 S
138. Sitdown. K4 K1 i1 |1 `. s9 @
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 D6 x. W: o" A 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, p0 B" C( x6 S 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( s# N. |: _( b2 a; s# ~5 ^) B
@, j1 \4 J& l$ V# y( ?$ O5 jAction by Government Personnel, H% P" n l2 X3 w5 v
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. C. u; z. X$ @; z8 }1 K# ^ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: D4 |6 R" y7 Q# Z3 j 144. Stalling and obstruction& s, L8 b$ Y3 a7 i8 R" @
145. General administrative noncooperation
4 `8 X6 _$ O3 C. t& w& ?; j$ L- Y. _4 h) w* h7 ]3 R: O
146. Judicial noncooperation
( c6 E( x/ O" \7 w 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# U8 i- p9 V+ Y% q0 J I5 h+ u 148. Mutiny
) z% X3 K$ v% r7 L4 z7 j# y' P' d$ [Domestic Governmental Action
4 I- W. {6 s! ^$ k2 s+ t' I( p 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, o9 ?+ a/ i4 G o8 `- i5 R 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
1 I" }1 L, V5 \% [0 ^2 V# s8 M4 d1 O& ^
International Governmental Action
# F& @ M& t) s r) P 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 n) h2 ~% H+ @2 d3 Y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 L3 I: T8 l6 d1 s+ j 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition0 {! E3 b2 K% l- v) {0 S
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 _9 ~2 @" B$ J9 R3 `$ v 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% N4 Q4 T) r2 q5 g6 r 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ [! M# p$ b) V) r! r
157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 O5 u& Q& J" \3 x/ Y( G1 c# ~% ^" Q5 b; R& r3 y0 A
7 _/ R; Y4 G/ [7 c2 z4 _
: y, D5 j. i C* W- h4 BTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 n* z0 y4 y7 }: f
/ L# V- E6 D8 w* F* x \
! q5 G1 w$ t4 ]Psychological Intervention$ s/ F7 W7 x8 }4 T5 N
158. Self-exposure to the elements" C% C. L9 a1 T* l9 S: G
159. The fast w- O2 ]3 `% ~$ |- T9 H! R1 [' l
a) Fast of moral pressure
+ [0 ^0 |/ t; ^' w0 K+ v a& I b) Hunger strike
4 F: [5 e! X' \' J8 z6 L c) Satyagrahic fast
f* }. @2 X# V- H1 O3 f4 m 160. Reverse trial- H0 c8 M& e \: f, ?
161. Nonviolent harassment; J& `+ B* i0 ~# a6 m/ M# C
3 _- n5 j/ m% Z7 J& U7 L! b9 t
Physical Intervention
4 P2 x5 ]$ w+ r* x 162. Sit-in9 J; `3 v( c! O# h: C$ ^
163. Stand-in
2 k* C1 T0 I# N( G 164. Ride-in K# T' h6 A/ D3 m% i
165. Wade-in% V& D1 e5 C8 g+ g! x3 [% i
166. Mill-in
6 I8 ?' J. x# D: N 167. Pray-in
$ H& ?5 V0 y* u7 m, T4 p" @- Z 168. Nonviolent raids+ U+ s* A- o: L; b% H# q r
169. Nonviolent air raids
+ E) g, q7 L+ _ 170. Nonviolent invasion( | t- m# a) V% p% f
171. Nonviolent interjection9 }' n3 L0 Y9 t- s, r" |9 S) ^
172. Nonviolent obstruction
( ?9 g, U" p! n+ s# x+ D& d9 Z0 e% r 173. Nonviolent occupation/ L1 z H6 Z' b0 r5 d
+ a+ m7 h- q) n0 N( _
Social Intervention
( m! _9 a5 ]. |8 w4 g 174. Establishing new social patterns2 D4 k6 I! [" U. G0 q. G! V# Y
175. Overloading of facilities
9 v% @) E( m+ t* x% g1 G8 K9 i$ Z7 R 176. Stall-in
* j# r5 h/ w( w2 T 177. Speak-in
3 ~" i" z7 w T 178. Guerrilla theater
4 [ ^6 }' ^% J7 Y 179. Alternative social institutions0 A/ ~6 T' ^+ G- D
180. Alternative communication system
" Q/ i+ [+ }; {( O9 S8 v# z0 [( V! y( [
Economic Intervention. u) {/ n- t# [) {4 L+ w
181. Reverse strike/ E" _$ c# F- D. U
182. Stay-in strike" d- J- R/ l+ u" [5 ^& b
183. Nonviolent land seizure n; _) y9 R) e9 l
184. Defiance of blockades
+ ]. d8 P7 i4 h k/ p0 k' {, k2 M 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
5 x u# O3 L6 h; B& Y 186. Preclusive purchasing, a k/ r6 t& l$ ^& b
187. Seizure of assets
' r k) G8 u- E3 w2 h9 A3 T 188. Dumping
' y: o6 `' U g( c j5 I5 w 189. Selective patronage2 W! p- T2 p, F; I1 S, O- j
190. Alternative markets
4 }5 Q5 R' Z+ h 191. Alternative transportation systems$ r4 i/ d% M+ v- P9 Z6 @3 |
192. Alternative economic institutions2 \) v# T+ E$ T8 @" J5 Q% u
) ?; [+ o0 M* A( O$ V
Political Intervention* x' }+ ~9 t3 A, m
193. Overloading of administrative systems0 t& ~! e# u; ~1 V) p/ F
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ r( W- R6 Y9 u
195. Seeking imprisonment
O5 G$ t3 T& ]7 P 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws- ~* W1 B- x% B( {- M( g
197. Work-on without collaboration% i9 k4 E3 u: K
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
