 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION T$ { K- u* \0 Q; h" V5 v
Formal Statements. ?' N* v$ L* U
1. Public Speeches
/ o6 u* O0 ?6 P 2. Letters of opposition or support5 o' x( T* j0 y8 z f7 b$ w1 a/ ^; U, K1 H
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" P( d7 ?. B; w8 I; |( j4 t e 4. Signed public statements
3 D# f" E5 C" j7 I) A6 u 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. {5 h8 q7 m0 a+ K- x 6. Group or mass petitions8 A& Z# t5 b8 L" m! E! C* c6 x
9 q# Y# X. ^% Q1 O7 S/ b$ \
Communications with a Wider Audience' A/ K& u2 n- \, m' i- ]2 f* e
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* }, u; [4 ^! Z% Q; d3 u$ @ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( ^2 ?- _1 Y( g( T8 x7 I
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 x+ ^8 `5 l0 Y
10. Newspapers and journals
' [( j; _$ j( z& S0 U 11. Records, radio, and television% w+ q" R: I8 }5 m
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& w. u# h# k C. q' r5 W7 m$ n4 N
Group Representations
+ L$ d: ?6 ]/ c3 d 13. Deputations, e5 F8 a" C- R4 P
14. Mock awards' j: j' V$ A" b9 h2 R* m
15. Group lobbying: N0 A1 ?6 s$ D) V
16. Picketing% y8 Z2 p$ d% W& |
17. Mock elections! ], g0 {/ o# q& y. y
5 ~. J5 u% c9 `, t! [
Symbolic Public Acts
; k* w9 C6 ] `6 P4 o1 l) x( S 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
2 t4 H4 y- Q& e2 q 19. Wearing of symbols$ h1 e5 A( D+ q* U9 \( ?% @
20. Prayer and worship7 v# e) h' a W& S
21. Delivering symbolic objects
( Y" s, O3 |$ R- |: Z3 {$ e 22. Protest disrobings
2 K. J7 ~6 }, n8 K3 r }* l* l& t 23. Destruction of own property; z& e$ a: C. i h/ G$ L! q
24. Symbolic lights
5 l& P2 j+ f' u. D( v& C 25. Displays of portraits+ n5 ~9 G# R" T2 i, g/ d$ @! |
26. Paint as protest
R# l# F+ f; W1 d z+ }4 ` 27. New signs and names3 ?- M j+ k$ m( J- J- a- a, [
28. Symbolic sounds4 U$ c! m6 J- B. ~) `7 x4 C8 U8 t4 w
29. Symbolic reclamations& t" r& x# Y- k
30. Rude gestures* u7 H$ L/ x" {1 ], e9 A, D
O n4 E7 @$ e* f) O9 P4 \ x
Pressures on Individuals3 O/ v M" ^3 a% k2 A
31. “Haunting” officials
5 T4 h! ^5 A5 k" U0 T) A$ n 32. Taunting officials0 l6 S) P$ d7 z# T( q. q J
33. Fraternization
" \7 D7 m+ H! b 34. Vigils L4 o v) N: R6 H- `6 O
9 a4 D) i: X; k3 _Drama and Music
# o, H- Y' t5 |7 T. y: t8 ? 35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 |2 @, ]* v6 b1 z, {& L' { 36. Performances of plays and music( D. @* P( N' B, N( Z
37. Singing
V/ ?5 v* R* [5 I! Z( U* T. O2 K
Processions
& g" Q! U z4 j; a0 w G" j8 k" ~& D 38. Marches) Q2 n; G; d; S1 d
39. Parades: m! U! S- X' M9 [0 `
40. Religious processions
. S$ L1 Y; M1 P- V9 P 41. Pilgrimages
/ L4 C& F) u! u3 l& f9 X 42. Motorcades6 s' v, F3 y$ Z! S) s
: I$ w" X9 B, \" T
Honoring the Dead; I o! B- k6 M& P+ M
43. Political mourning+ S- ]4 S/ N |0 z
44. Mock funerals+ E. ^/ v2 t* T a4 N& V$ U
45. Demonstrative funerals
$ N- n+ f* f+ D; |2 X' H( r: p% V5 j 46. Homage at burial places
$ o1 A# [+ {% ]& e# E4 s( ?- B& l
: ?7 p" M1 \9 p$ w$ {1 \* _" l* B* }Public Assemblies
0 j/ J0 O/ O" L7 j 47. Assemblies of protest or support
- A5 o( }0 L# v4 h4 s! L U 48. Protest meetings
d; T J/ K& z2 t( `9 a6 E% y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, L6 ^4 |0 j; y- Y! ? 50. Teach-ins: o4 g: w" x1 t" }0 ?
# C0 x, n) n8 x! F, V/ eWithdrawal and Renunciation4 ]$ ~+ x( q+ ]; {
51. Walk-outs
' M7 [6 o4 E& J' k, n- @& r9 T 52. Silence
9 w, `! ]3 a+ f) N$ ]2 \. M 53. Renouncing honors
' M& Z+ y8 B( o m" C 54. Turning one’s back' x/ h7 M1 u, l& p) C
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* h' n. ]; W2 A( E! }! Z9 S0 ?5 ~6 K% H, s% a8 G A
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
& v( H1 d& ~. [7 I) g# Y3 T; y* @' P/ v) r6 f
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Ostracism of Persons0 V' j* s. h6 n
55. Social boycott( X" `5 k( Z' [5 i8 J# p+ P
56. Selective social boycott* }" R: y# K% ]7 q7 W) o8 V6 a
57. Lysistratic nonaction. A" w3 }1 q a- l6 d
58. Excommunication
5 P+ w4 r& @; o* c/ F0 s 59. Interdict
* Y# Y8 D4 Z3 r5 ` N) V9 I9 y3 B% d3 c
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 b- c5 r6 _; P' |# E 60. Suspension of social and sports activities) z2 f2 g0 i& b- O& U
61. Boycott of social affairs! K& {+ ]8 z# y2 ]8 L
62. Student strike1 G; Y: t, p* L; \8 m
63. Social disobedience8 M7 \0 @% O& z3 {9 U
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
. {$ L4 j6 S! p6 c- u. m. @; G1 F3 P6 G- i& @
Withdrawal from the Social System& e% `- W! w9 o& }' y( v
65. Stay-at-home
2 W* i% i: o ~) n. T9 x4 m 66. Total personal noncooperation
8 F9 E' P" o7 A4 r2 \ 67. “Flight” of workers
( `2 y1 N4 v0 E/ ?! a4 o 68. Sanctuary
3 b: r5 b! C" Z' n7 e 69. Collective disappearance
t# W5 B R4 w% z# @( ^ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): H. f+ t. u/ z5 i; j
4 B6 @" w1 ]' j1 c. Y
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. ?& }- c; J" A5 G5 p1 ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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9 A8 _% d w3 uActions by Consumers
6 v& n8 i$ _+ R* E: K 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 s, M$ d# i4 z2 {& I% S# R( m! M 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods Z, [- h& m6 ~+ N( q. V& P- _
73. Policy of austerity( O7 v+ t5 d9 Q- v- v- r
74. Rent withholding% m% P9 e# n- y( U3 ^1 f
75. Refusal to rent# a4 g, d b& \. q8 y$ C$ j
76. National consumers’ boycott2 K& ^' s8 d8 n9 K j& l d
77. International consumers’ boycott
# \! V$ g2 A# K* ?! f
: D' H. q# T" Y4 JAction by Workers and Producers5 {( P- Q* s$ m' r+ _
78. Workmen’s boycott
1 Y& |( _6 ~$ a$ n0 n" \ 79. Producers’ boycott4 K# \# }# A$ n: O0 D; s6 p& P
3 N# S& p3 i: NAction by Middlemen& z, G4 H8 o4 Y( q1 F7 l+ F5 ^8 ^" q
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 s4 {, f6 w( u( ]& t/ `
# t i c1 C9 g
Action by Owners and Management
) i/ p7 o: I+ | m3 Y 81. Traders’ boycott
9 U. V/ V7 ^& D5 Z4 L$ j1 l 82. Refusal to let or sell property$ p( P) r% @" t' E" _
83. Lockout3 j1 x9 ` @& }( s) U
84. Refusal of industrial assistance. G9 L1 ?/ V6 P8 P# S. E7 W
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 e' F3 G0 S) u/ s7 {0 V
/ P9 ~0 z+ r4 {! N$ n0 _. ]Action by Holders of Financial Resources
$ D) W: U4 h, G! l7 {/ r 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 s# _, V t- a( S
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% H& o% j& |/ V* Y7 x' x+ C& x' w$ p
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 X9 ?$ `# y. c
89. Severance of funds and credit
- ]# `) c. f$ j 90. Revenue refusal
1 _5 {- z- J: z; k1 S 91. Refusal of a government’s money& o5 B& S, Q, K7 y2 m( ^& H
2 o; v' g0 s0 O8 t
Action by Governments. q. d5 ~4 Z5 _% P9 b* ~. G
92. Domestic embargo, {7 t' ~$ j _2 T3 P; l- \
93. Blacklisting of traders$ n' t' T, e& j3 G3 u
94. International sellers’ embargo$ g. h: N" i2 M1 c" H9 {; F5 W
95. International buyers’ embargo
# w/ D V9 a- D) p7 { 96. International trade embargo7 R( p0 k% h- n- D' _. I
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3 o: P9 d+ |7 H$ h0 d+ uTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: Q" `4 p" e& b1 u7 x- j
! T( K6 U- @: x" e, [& s
4 o$ V- U) ?3 l5 U# `* k; lSymbolic Strikes
0 O6 G1 }0 U2 x% h 97. Protest strike
/ r( E6 a% e/ l8 y2 b6 j 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. o& ~# o w; v# w& }9 ]0 |9 B, h+ @. i" s; [7 x
Agricultural Strikes
4 p9 P% P3 z; U4 U 99. Peasant strike
5 b! a' ~: A9 S$ W3 r, @+ O1 W 100. Farm Workers’ strike
' B$ h7 M: z8 V+ f& e0 Y8 j) }' J4 K6 Q9 u. Y
Strikes by Special Groups* r% C+ s; m! o8 Y. K+ u
101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 N) S2 u3 H' { 102. Prisoners’ strike
, s6 T' g y J# T) { 103. Craft strike
- Z/ ?7 Q. S/ `) s' L 104. Professional strike
3 d) W$ R+ O( g$ L2 p# }
1 N" U3 e. A: b5 ^' aOrdinary Industrial Strikes2 y1 ? r1 `% ?/ b% K
105. Establishment strike( c% O* t& ^3 }, ?0 _
106. Industry strike
- j$ Z% [& A- ^2 |% w; b 107. Sympathetic strike8 M0 y0 E% D8 G6 V
* B( W! Y3 d" g7 F6 d! M
Restricted Strikes
! z4 f" p- x1 Y; C' d3 M5 `5 D 108. Detailed strike
. y* s: w j7 a, Q 109. Bumper strike
/ G: ^0 R) E" }& J) |$ V" P 110. Slowdown strike
: A5 V( H0 `' \! [* d T 111. Working-to-rule strike ^ F+ _1 D& J% s l* I c* u9 e
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" d* Z F/ i7 s+ P( U4 B: I3 g# t) ^
113. Strike by resignation: X7 r; x% O- ]* h' V7 o' Z
114. Limited strike
3 R3 w. G# p, ~$ Z 115. Selective strike
) K' T2 |& {5 @2 w [* h
2 w P9 |1 ~! W2 p1 cMulti-Industry Strikes
& O: h7 ~9 {+ D$ s) Q% U! c2 f) g1 {4 x9 E! q$ H5 x& |+ z
116. Generalized strike: K( t* H8 ?( i+ q3 p! R
" _! i" G" E$ q. {
117. General strike
: B/ Z% s" }! d! P; N, `( B3 n1 \, w3 s2 L, m u0 S; B- P
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 E0 @# o- ^1 j' ]: j, N; A: V
$ y" ~) G2 e" }3 m) M7 C p7 d
118. Hartal* y& Z+ l! O' O
8 y: m5 c' m, _( t, I 119. Economic shutdown6 T, O- H2 k* d0 E: E7 S' ^7 [( e
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! |3 f, C: f5 P' n( uTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
* f- i3 ?1 ]. \3 J% J 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- ~9 M# @+ z4 N4 Q$ e- D# g' M 121. Refusal of public support
2 |. \; P- v* T* i 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ `& g$ j4 q* M+ L3 Z9 d2 I% E
6 J* l; U l6 `2 Z9 J
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* @5 l7 G1 K6 L3 T6 ?
123. Boycott of legislative bodies# Z4 ?- P [, _
124. Boycott of elections. ~4 c! E5 `! } r6 K
125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 A4 H0 h, K& n
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" R' q2 g5 X$ }5 b. y! t- ^
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 j1 ^6 e0 c5 T1 o) D 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ h" Y4 a' Z7 h, m4 P: M
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ w8 Y: K7 U- j" R3 Z( I
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( ]9 k- o4 x' e: Q0 ] 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 Q; q+ S3 {0 }- f
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& E8 i' i3 }3 ~% C8 `
5 X* s) z( E$ d. I( d+ qCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* G( L k. l6 E8 T5 | 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 `& N7 ^5 \' [" Y 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
6 n8 v+ V* n/ p" f 135. Popular nonobedience
0 v. @8 ?& l7 K& M& r% F& D 136. Disguised disobedience! u8 _4 F$ p6 ]/ q n2 Z9 E
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' [+ e8 d6 A) @0 f 138. Sitdown
. w* w" C& K5 O 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ K0 i! d: u% R) C4 [! m
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) o# l8 l8 v1 N$ |/ W 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 z' r$ M% |( G& ]8 u
, a/ x, |$ p1 _" bAction by Government Personnel, @' y, ^# F& H
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
) Q( C& v) B; M4 m& O1 H 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 f/ r; d' f: u( p: K 144. Stalling and obstruction
7 n( Y& [9 y4 I9 g3 ~ 145. General administrative noncooperation
# r9 F, q" x$ w( C
! O9 m/ x8 g6 e 146. Judicial noncooperation l' \$ E" k+ w7 e
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& j5 R h( c9 k8 n x# @4 \& f# O 148. Mutiny% T7 c- L6 l: y4 R3 l
Domestic Governmental Action
6 y/ k) C; Z: n' X B; c1 W 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; `1 L! [2 }3 m, V8 t
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 l1 i4 r* `; F4 L( Y! M& Z* S4 v
% L- I7 ]' s8 B+ @* J6 `International Governmental Action
* Z4 |( t# E% o/ }7 b- p3 R 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( w% j0 g- V2 b4 \8 r
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 H8 W3 L! [- A$ W" C
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 A+ r0 r8 v7 M G1 `7 U7 b- j
154. Severance of diplomatic relations, j# u/ o9 A" K4 W4 j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 ?; e: m2 Q7 Q f3 e3 S2 v 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 l7 k$ ?/ M& Z' l
157. Expulsion from international organizations) K/ }4 P( Y* t; x9 ?
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
" U# m4 u$ S6 S x+ }/ l/ j0 W2 v8 V2 c8 c4 u H6 x( p3 `
7 M6 B- U& h! s& u; g
Psychological Intervention/ c$ _. R0 v0 z. \8 m4 L
158. Self-exposure to the elements
" \3 [6 ], B' Z6 t7 h7 k, q 159. The fast
+ s( _) |% b. Z5 b a) Fast of moral pressure; o2 ]0 i2 K; U" m A
b) Hunger strike- P7 ]8 g: M! m; a& \) ^' _
c) Satyagrahic fast
! }. A0 ~1 r$ q* P' v# C9 P 160. Reverse trial
) ]5 q/ y* e }, v X# u 161. Nonviolent harassment3 D+ |* u) G1 G* |" F. }; V/ _1 `- \
& K$ m0 H, z6 E" y" q
Physical Intervention
; z6 ~% Z2 _+ f! Y+ \! f" S$ X 162. Sit-in
* J4 N# t% r3 b6 |( b 163. Stand-in3 D3 P" Y6 w3 F1 j
164. Ride-in
, L! P3 h3 O: @& E 165. Wade-in
' q1 i4 P* n0 H# c9 q 166. Mill-in
, }5 y2 q" U" A' j6 t1 d- @ 167. Pray-in
0 `- y1 E+ R% M6 ?; { 168. Nonviolent raids
; F9 w0 k+ ?; {4 A$ k) | 169. Nonviolent air raids9 c/ R% w: V& I& r! ~; s: e, X% ^
170. Nonviolent invasion; m! J# x7 ~) F9 m) j) ?
171. Nonviolent interjection
7 P. |. [4 q1 \. B/ ] }# h$ B! P3 } 172. Nonviolent obstruction
) z" W- q+ P( ^ W0 ` 173. Nonviolent occupation' f: s, u, [* J# ~# J! r
5 p6 Z1 |4 H* B4 h1 y HSocial Intervention
, D8 S3 w7 P) ?) ] 174. Establishing new social patterns
& f" x. p' R9 X) L 175. Overloading of facilities
3 | D( ~& O7 u* r4 L/ W 176. Stall-in
! S! s7 ]9 r( }. ]& E- s" P 177. Speak-in
* B( W9 m. Z2 t2 B 178. Guerrilla theater5 `. Z A# p. d) ~6 O! q+ H
179. Alternative social institutions$ v3 M. g- ?: w2 K: {
180. Alternative communication system+ U! b: X# N6 p k) e
% N$ v" W l9 g% l+ E' B9 H% S; SEconomic Intervention
! |( N% {$ P; {/ I/ u1 L. v 181. Reverse strike
/ C. K, {" G; R3 o9 ]: Y 182. Stay-in strike6 Q2 r, D2 G l" ?
183. Nonviolent land seizure; K9 D3 t) l6 x; ]8 j& o3 h+ o
184. Defiance of blockades
[9 x( N- \- |3 Z9 n: T 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ `+ l% [6 p( y2 _& x
186. Preclusive purchasing
: t' P) v5 t. ~! Y4 _! E' \! D, g: @2 M 187. Seizure of assets! m4 ?7 G6 V8 d3 g
188. Dumping
0 Q# \& [# ~- W1 ^8 U 189. Selective patronage
9 K W* ~( Q7 |- { 190. Alternative markets8 E- R6 Q5 ]! W3 X" Y# F( k
191. Alternative transportation systems) z- W d* m8 w
192. Alternative economic institutions
; j9 d3 W2 y* [1 b5 {% q' S
$ u0 i. o' R' B' E4 K$ ePolitical Intervention: M% G% H$ m' z/ ~
193. Overloading of administrative systems
2 ~# D7 h, @+ ^ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
1 O: J7 ]: h! w0 N$ J% e. g! b- v: C 195. Seeking imprisonment
4 c; O$ h1 L/ i# X) P# |0 o 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 b+ Z* ^* Z( w! R( P7 Z! b
197. Work-on without collaboration8 @# E/ j2 a. a8 a8 J
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government- t% m# n( [8 q$ S$ B4 w, Z/ w
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
