 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& Q$ v9 q2 i* f- v* g) H% O) m
Formal Statements
/ G! B, Y6 Y* t 1. Public Speeches
$ e# M: Y( R$ i O: H$ d 2. Letters of opposition or support0 R& _( Q8 u) o+ Y( ]# S( ]
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ t: B$ P; x v2 ?
4. Signed public statements1 s* U( f1 ^ _5 s5 u
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% m; \# I% _! K; [- z 6. Group or mass petitions$ h# g U4 X( D* Y
! |+ @5 \6 I4 HCommunications with a Wider Audience, N) K6 H, Z: @. R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ X- e4 o! I9 v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! G0 U8 _7 l6 s9 Q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! z Y( q5 j( P7 x/ t. o9 o _) i
10. Newspapers and journals
" j' F9 y! ^+ G& V% X$ V. K4 x 11. Records, radio, and television, D( q% A2 A$ R; C k( o/ X6 {% e
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ |/ k% s/ l3 y. k5 W I$ F
9 w( U, D6 u; m _! m
Group Representations& a, F7 H2 c* G9 Q8 \- X5 ?
13. Deputations
* k6 E! G, q8 x$ _. d 14. Mock awards
7 l& i5 k! e; Z 15. Group lobbying
1 X* _/ W* T1 V! I0 \5 p 16. Picketing0 Y' O9 P9 q a/ d9 z" _( b
17. Mock elections
# e- h4 R; m0 {; ]% C! Z% H4 A( N$ z' j% J/ f( w
Symbolic Public Acts
( u9 u7 L/ H# G, e; V: E* { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* \- H+ I" j5 {6 `9 I 19. Wearing of symbols
. A0 {' q/ i, B- F7 ^9 V 20. Prayer and worship
' K9 C2 I- l6 ?$ _' i1 y+ c 21. Delivering symbolic objects: H( N7 j4 d7 O( t
22. Protest disrobings
! W! J% m" Y" V5 a 23. Destruction of own property9 Y& M, P+ _7 R9 O' V3 H0 ?" b
24. Symbolic lights
9 {% c9 y' N5 j 25. Displays of portraits
9 J$ v' R" N/ P1 s: o w& P 26. Paint as protest1 E r7 j- r! j {
27. New signs and names6 h% x! y2 v# N+ X5 F+ W& |
28. Symbolic sounds
& V9 G& N- ]+ |. x) N5 N9 a* ? 29. Symbolic reclamations
5 B; i7 n7 K* Q, | 30. Rude gestures
t/ n7 [- m$ ?- ]' d$ M' F
% v( Q, ]0 e* s h* D! xPressures on Individuals. f+ z2 D& h5 x% |; ?7 X
31. “Haunting” officials/ ]# r9 M- s {; k' E* f
32. Taunting officials
# _/ x0 |* H I+ E 33. Fraternization W4 O' m, Z; q, B
34. Vigils
2 ]+ b" G# S( P# N* u( t9 k8 L, y/ G6 P6 Q) S- Z+ i: l: l; q
Drama and Music3 i x |0 H/ |2 p V
35. Humorous skits and pranks( a* Q c7 h8 f! `3 E5 o0 n
36. Performances of plays and music" s1 K' P, C) t3 V6 O- e* Y) \4 F
37. Singing
* I* c+ N( P0 j
+ R- y; [0 a5 t) {3 Q4 [ E1 tProcessions
6 F; G* S! t F- C 38. Marches! p, x# V2 t% d& |* I; ]2 q
39. Parades+ \5 j5 G& o6 }: ]; Q5 x, J. \
40. Religious processions; D' w: D$ v* }- W0 n
41. Pilgrimages
T9 j+ J5 L. R% y 42. Motorcades a: ?9 T! }" }+ e9 ]* E* ]
) b- I/ j& M3 Q9 [5 J2 V9 w" wHonoring the Dead n' C& T: W6 t- j
43. Political mourning
* I& Z. t; w7 g( E: ~6 F 44. Mock funerals
# m- g" A( R3 n, N) n0 U. ?6 w2 }7 X' g 45. Demonstrative funerals
8 F6 `, ^+ m$ n 46. Homage at burial places/ X5 r3 }( g( D |" X
4 C0 O! T/ `5 f5 ^9 Q' C+ h
Public Assemblies
/ J9 q! F/ g5 ^. W8 x% _ 47. Assemblies of protest or support1 O6 [, K4 O: o& t! x8 h+ ^# O3 u, }
48. Protest meetings
: Y' Y0 e4 Q4 f) @/ t. |& L+ W5 V 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 f' N' Z4 C P d1 [' D6 ` 50. Teach-ins! O% m# I, i) l- m
3 P4 @4 W, T) }5 rWithdrawal and Renunciation1 K6 K* V2 E0 {+ _0 {2 q/ F' L- ]
51. Walk-outs% U8 H( |& G0 @' p
52. Silence: F9 e3 v3 b. x5 G- B
53. Renouncing honors3 }9 X3 @' d; _' |3 k
54. Turning one’s back) a5 G6 D0 w& E9 q
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7 W% | B. I, H7 T- r6 K2 Y
, A- k% a% L( j0 `THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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9 T2 A( R7 I, Z: s# j% {) VOstracism of Persons2 W8 [3 `+ }7 h# m/ R6 I8 h' B
55. Social boycott& |& V; P' N% d# J w7 d
56. Selective social boycott
" B! \+ O0 g( [8 f9 m( Z+ F- V 57. Lysistratic nonaction
: V- F& w0 m* a! S5 N 58. Excommunication
# F& i0 ~ c5 p; g. i" z9 B 59. Interdict* B( }1 M! I0 s( d
+ C$ x9 N9 B5 o5 I/ w9 d0 K
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 V# K! X* f* i6 F; l
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- D j" r$ M, e8 o& H) ` 61. Boycott of social affairs
* Z3 F+ Y* H$ ?$ A1 b$ H1 H6 n- B 62. Student strike
6 s) ^- T' l8 [. Y( p 63. Social disobedience
1 l& E! C; p4 y5 ]1 i) t$ K' B 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 q. \ |# W# E; [' Y" |. E
$ @( |' ?6 \2 Q' c. dWithdrawal from the Social System
# f- u. j1 _% I$ k8 ? 65. Stay-at-home
W8 b: `1 C; c6 Q' J 66. Total personal noncooperation7 G5 `# F/ }2 n5 J
67. “Flight” of workers$ n4 f$ ?8 W% ]" s3 g3 x
68. Sanctuary) W7 C" A3 X0 U( Z/ [
69. Collective disappearance
}) s! q% w7 h6 f 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 s/ l: u. z) W4 T6 Q* l5 e" a" Q
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$ O8 c! N4 D% q- }4 yTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 U) g, c" d; K; ]# e' ^% z
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Actions by Consumers9 J. L; G7 z0 \ y! s" h% F$ X
71. Consumers’ boycott
6 d, M! }- b( P 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods z W$ ?$ L3 X
73. Policy of austerity
. a4 O) ?7 O; d! Y+ z2 ]1 u 74. Rent withholding
# M/ ?. i3 N9 x( C! U/ Z: \ 75. Refusal to rent q7 t% X- U8 v4 I! i+ R1 Q5 k
76. National consumers’ boycott
: _5 H5 W/ Z7 D! A 77. International consumers’ boycott
8 W! r/ x( [# t P Z2 g3 b( A+ e' y/ d
Action by Workers and Producers
! D. M: G ?0 ^, W4 ^& Y 78. Workmen’s boycott
J9 r0 A; N+ d1 a( Z* l 79. Producers’ boycott
) @( l: _. ]& S8 n. B) {" V* w/ ^, O1 k6 E# n' ~
Action by Middlemen5 D X$ u' q7 U5 |" z
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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) g/ n: F! V2 ^* gAction by Owners and Management
/ h$ v6 a& u5 N6 ] 81. Traders’ boycott
L" _& ^% L6 n 82. Refusal to let or sell property% J I1 n8 `6 m. n- e% j
83. Lockout
7 J# y8 k( q" F7 E4 s; ?9 _5 E 84. Refusal of industrial assistance6 L4 q5 @% C6 d# K& P" u
85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 ` V% J, ?1 p* [; |
5 D( {. \7 Y% K$ ^
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
& o8 s2 w" A7 C/ g5 J2 O$ ^; S 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ v: r b5 K1 q( ]$ ?5 l
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% C9 H+ {2 `9 B3 O Y- i
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 R" Y$ j- e! ]) o2 x2 W, p 89. Severance of funds and credit( A0 P6 e3 \+ J+ a2 `, V# _; B
90. Revenue refusal4 ?9 [" F4 L+ X1 c2 q- _8 W8 X w
91. Refusal of a government’s money( j, m5 g5 m0 W, W/ \1 _
1 h, N1 s# x t4 g( J" f2 d
Action by Governments8 ^! ?7 B8 o8 i3 D9 {
92. Domestic embargo
2 H% [2 Q, d1 `0 K/ n& x6 u9 d 93. Blacklisting of traders
$ C9 W: [! I- P. W; s0 E! j/ u$ y 94. International sellers’ embargo& b* Q4 k: F# f7 L+ ]
95. International buyers’ embargo
/ F6 T8 f& V, H 96. International trade embargo
+ ~" U$ [* I6 g" o2 i% x' t* O5 V1 \7 u
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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8 R9 d# _4 H5 z2 O5 ^1 J, B6 Y
Symbolic Strikes2 C8 e7 q/ C1 A6 H& ?
97. Protest strike* C, M% ]7 I9 s2 P+ S+ ?
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)" k+ x8 ^9 E- |* ]" x2 N; d
0 `& r/ h5 ?' ]: m1 ~& p! _2 s! m
Agricultural Strikes3 A" ~' }7 n2 e$ y
99. Peasant strike2 \; o9 p% ?6 C. Q
100. Farm Workers’ strike( F8 x+ g, q' a8 \+ k- w1 e7 [
% L4 ?" W* a% j5 M- t5 o: P
Strikes by Special Groups
8 |5 W" o% _2 q; P$ @# h 101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 w. Y0 s0 o8 [& ?: b: m 102. Prisoners’ strike
+ Q1 @9 l0 }: a 103. Craft strike
+ ~. O" u% \, V: B' ? 104. Professional strike
~" u0 w4 f, l2 m: J
. `$ Q9 M: H5 q$ iOrdinary Industrial Strikes$ u8 H5 h+ G! j/ a, i
105. Establishment strike1 x2 f% G- [, ~+ q$ V9 z2 [. W* u
106. Industry strike
: m/ Y- I2 f( K' p1 m 107. Sympathetic strike
+ x! D% _2 G$ h
0 u. @; B. T' fRestricted Strikes
7 q- v5 d' ~! P" ~/ I# F e 108. Detailed strike" r3 A. l H7 e4 C$ W
109. Bumper strike- h* K u# S1 e* E$ `& K
110. Slowdown strike2 q2 ]+ S0 O& U; R4 T
111. Working-to-rule strike3 ] O5 T4 u! V0 s
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 [4 j$ r7 z+ D6 u 113. Strike by resignation! c8 ]9 o5 f) W) P& Q' H3 o. Z
114. Limited strike L0 O' D+ @$ |$ w! ^8 m( s3 b
115. Selective strike" Q# J# j- O/ p# c
- I% i2 t8 p, rMulti-Industry Strikes
3 X Q, B. [; O! j
, I+ b% ~' J# Q3 B" E- ? 116. Generalized strike# P) Q! C$ s* [/ Y4 l2 \4 _
0 S: k- L6 O' J# I I& k 117. General strike2 b( X: K" j$ C& p2 B1 _: A
3 t3 N& `3 Q8 d8 Z) q: u- b% ] PCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
" L4 s. R$ `. @7 R& ?: e2 a; O* j; E; f# y% O$ F
118. Hartal s7 P* T( c0 \
/ e2 E/ x# h7 N8 Z6 } 119. Economic shutdown" T) c9 h% I5 I! n. i
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! E% u0 }/ s& g$ E( {7 j' U6 {THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
# _6 g( i7 L/ w9 H2 M" k8 F4 Y, T0 i& Z4 X' ]- R) c- j
. I. x; B4 a. |1 W r0 N% a7 A) P8 ~Rejection of Authority
* P1 D9 Z. @7 {" W# |! V 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance3 V" x! ^& {; S5 B; z6 r$ E2 p
121. Refusal of public support
; X' F) W' S! {' o( q, i( h; a9 | 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, x; L8 X e- m1 v
4 R. Q L- ~- s
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government& A8 i9 a2 G4 K& r
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
8 F: J; E ?# L 124. Boycott of elections
/ t- F; I j6 p2 h& x: B 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 ^1 S0 a. a R 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( m# E1 u) @( f0 s 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# k' K/ ~; S2 ?4 e: U, x 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 L# T$ o9 a8 L 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 ]3 D4 n/ B {
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 R5 ^' Z3 f2 P) _; A) r
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( i' N8 S. ?5 } 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions8 C! ^5 }) ^% |; V5 K
( [8 Q) X3 x% I+ P& H& j% bCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' }: g' V* b( _3 y- } 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' w9 O6 P6 b3 b 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 K; b+ l) j3 |) k: x- W 135. Popular nonobedience% p" Q" j5 q9 q# s; c! h
136. Disguised disobedience1 b9 L* [; P! _' s
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 F7 |% E5 q% e5 F: Z! b9 H
138. Sitdown T; S' a. z) Z% f0 K# n5 R2 T9 F
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* C3 B: v/ Y/ L* N, Z; R 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; h' F, x; f, _1 {# ~1 u- c* \ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* j) t; }) l. F4 u5 P5 {! K
' G3 \1 c# i5 t+ ]Action by Government Personnel9 K+ M; w' L/ ?0 ^
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides& { F5 Z: W4 t3 q! A* W
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 M6 N" ]7 u& f, m 144. Stalling and obstruction$ r& c& B, @/ K3 u* G+ X+ [ g
145. General administrative noncooperation. q& ^/ h* Y) j: K; l
4 m# J. D) |; R/ { 146. Judicial noncooperation
" U, I L0 O4 X% U4 Q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
3 ~7 o9 N6 U* I1 m4 J! r 148. Mutiny5 _ k0 l$ T4 [
Domestic Governmental Action
4 j( z# x2 I x8 l% _* L 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
1 L4 \5 p0 v: B2 @8 o7 H 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 _; Z6 n% _* r! Y( m1 z
1 D9 Z" q* k, Q
International Governmental Action
/ N- C& M) g' `4 P, p 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ e4 N4 Y0 }7 z0 R% ~: ?. f 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 ~) L q9 }/ ^9 N% m; b* C 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ T- C' V- s" F& y$ i
154. Severance of diplomatic relations" |5 l& w4 g! u* H1 ~' w# Z% N1 v
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 X/ v- t6 @5 J$ Y8 K) k7 x 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; ~! o/ [0 ^+ W K! Y7 y 157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 E' h( I6 g/ ^' Z! { z' R0 T& C1 Z# t' f
5 B/ g# F! R6 H% Y- b
: Z0 g! _. }) ]% ~4 ATHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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/ R/ a. G7 D7 U6 T- qPsychological Intervention4 @7 w3 A& j' C4 m/ A" K
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- g& ?1 @' G0 B' C7 ]4 O 159. The fast: a# ~7 V; q$ O; W; y
a) Fast of moral pressure
& ?: Q/ X+ L* Z/ |4 L b) Hunger strike
$ {6 L: q) a; Q; c2 U c) Satyagrahic fast# Y1 i: |8 x& ^. I$ j
160. Reverse trial& ?9 f }6 l. ^; X4 r6 w
161. Nonviolent harassment
) Q) O2 g- z+ l: D
4 a" S$ ~' Q4 e0 T+ ePhysical Intervention5 X- i& Z( @6 {/ ]. O7 \
162. Sit-in. [- N* o) s* _. Z6 Q& K
163. Stand-in
# {) U, o. S7 R, v% Y( V 164. Ride-in \% W; q' l7 `" ?/ M$ z
165. Wade-in; m6 P( Z b5 N5 ]
166. Mill-in
8 G1 E' Z7 x2 {8 I% S! k( N 167. Pray-in1 X2 t, f- `" ?0 M' |7 p- G
168. Nonviolent raids
, Z! m4 k6 y: W H' ]% x" k 169. Nonviolent air raids
& p, y4 F) c+ m8 M 170. Nonviolent invasion
, ~9 f; h9 g" z! e6 B 171. Nonviolent interjection
. }$ K0 d& h( f! j5 S$ d3 J 172. Nonviolent obstruction }0 S& [6 O+ o- N
173. Nonviolent occupation8 W; e; c/ }( o" F
) J5 M% d, S8 D
Social Intervention
" W( P4 e) D8 k* E7 w 174. Establishing new social patterns
+ f9 ~* y* I9 V 175. Overloading of facilities
. f' f2 M9 R! h7 G; X 176. Stall-in' `9 K; }+ u3 O$ D1 o
177. Speak-in
- z" x2 e' j. h0 Y B. U 178. Guerrilla theater
+ [: G! {+ K6 ~: Y7 b/ Y' S 179. Alternative social institutions
* g" H8 d% R6 a- Z& o9 ~" S 180. Alternative communication system
3 C7 x7 k+ P2 Y. I6 X
4 |8 n3 C" t( J; [& cEconomic Intervention
$ Z' R6 t* J. q$ h0 K" n 181. Reverse strike
2 H; }$ T# t- F: M( v 182. Stay-in strike2 f( c. }& f& B3 a' d
183. Nonviolent land seizure; u+ P) C* C+ ?% k
184. Defiance of blockades
9 t: X9 l I+ ]+ }+ ~3 U 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
. _0 b+ U- R; j( V* Y% v 186. Preclusive purchasing0 m0 ~! P# v! p6 q1 v
187. Seizure of assets3 \* F# r/ U2 s7 d$ Z+ M9 Z
188. Dumping
& x1 V, m/ R4 F+ u9 @ n$ F1 P; M 189. Selective patronage
* L ?4 u( ]/ n$ U1 O% I1 z- z 190. Alternative markets
0 {: N( U' ]: F h+ z3 t 191. Alternative transportation systems8 u9 f* }" I( O
192. Alternative economic institutions$ B7 m% S ~) r& d
- F* h6 |5 p) v G$ p6 l. `Political Intervention
& v) W6 E3 H7 ~2 ], c+ {& [, W: G 193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ c0 V2 y' `' o- i0 _" ~ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ y# \8 i) X) q, p: W 195. Seeking imprisonment
5 m1 v1 u+ p$ n$ ?: t% S0 J8 N. d 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws8 ?" ~7 r# @9 C0 [8 f [8 X* ]: [
197. Work-on without collaboration
3 |8 U! g# \$ A H% t 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
