 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 O$ g6 ]6 [- p3 a- Q2 @$ n0 u+ qFormal Statements0 j6 Y2 ` d! v: M2 o
1. Public Speeches' C5 E7 i% R% N9 S% l$ u
2. Letters of opposition or support: c% @4 N4 `" H
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: y$ \2 H# Z- h0 r1 s
4. Signed public statements
( k( W5 y# p6 t" o$ d 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
' ?3 j, c( s4 t8 ? 6. Group or mass petitions
" i6 o) Y! ^! a' N* v: Y7 d3 [1 J1 H$ \8 ^% k1 B8 t3 d
Communications with a Wider Audience
! T( Y9 ^* n$ k* [ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- [1 k6 L+ N: }6 x" _ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
4 {6 K$ e, B. p* _' t5 K: O/ @ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* Y+ r- _( i2 @3 j! A; e
10. Newspapers and journals' R+ X2 l2 f+ ?# X4 b
11. Records, radio, and television* j/ p& i/ R1 \, ?( n, p
12. Skywriting and earthwriting3 ~ L4 a) V$ y A
6 S( u7 G: c+ x* n* y- p1 t; jGroup Representations
* G; w4 P, U0 N/ n, o3 x1 }) O 13. Deputations+ [/ l6 n) l2 ~6 h" X+ v t
14. Mock awards/ y; g0 D* f: Q
15. Group lobbying5 B+ e$ |! Y0 i/ @) E* t
16. Picketing
" |+ j' r" l7 Z C 17. Mock elections6 w( D- T6 c" P8 i3 C+ z2 r
5 C D5 a0 {+ B9 m/ Z2 t1 eSymbolic Public Acts
& k2 _3 K j7 p# V6 y; N 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; D5 y, _3 D! x 19. Wearing of symbols
|# t" a' M! J2 o 20. Prayer and worship
$ R+ c+ o. }; k1 m% c6 ^& x 21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 c$ ? ?$ J6 R1 T8 H4 E6 A) A 22. Protest disrobings
- g- R# A) |" i* [ @ 23. Destruction of own property
7 U2 e! w# J2 |* w$ O/ E7 ?% y3 t 24. Symbolic lights
0 O S t' h5 q- \5 |7 i6 i( a 25. Displays of portraits
; g" L; D& s2 t" K$ ^ 26. Paint as protest
3 K/ k9 O6 i D% A" ` 27. New signs and names
7 y: w q/ s8 G$ T* ~ 28. Symbolic sounds
" N- f/ X6 d9 n. x 29. Symbolic reclamations
( h/ t, k$ r2 [; E 30. Rude gestures
# K+ B) [: O+ v/ B& z, b) y2 ~3 M" C" W" `7 i
Pressures on Individuals
& ?# H& _4 C/ l8 r; X 31. “Haunting” officials" x7 Q$ J T. q7 H
32. Taunting officials3 a6 M/ i/ Z1 p) X0 l/ B" D
33. Fraternization. q' F& P+ m$ C# S1 H0 z
34. Vigils
% m! k d" {: T8 C! {# z1 r: u) Z1 N) Y* A, I6 i% p; M- O5 S! g0 i ?0 {
Drama and Music
0 S5 ^. A; N* j* s 35. Humorous skits and pranks* A/ T1 H( Q+ @0 w' I4 x
36. Performances of plays and music
1 X5 ?/ L6 s5 Y6 M& c 37. Singing
/ y/ M8 g: A6 V0 B& c7 G2 x# d. @$ V7 {/ a) e7 d
Processions
$ Z2 g0 t. W2 \9 S* x" m 38. Marches
5 r0 C$ ~' f! r! x3 [) F6 Y* ] 39. Parades6 M5 Q; O# R) T' u- I. A# Y
40. Religious processions
7 h7 E/ @" {# k! w$ m 41. Pilgrimages2 o6 A0 s; ?+ i- }3 B
42. Motorcades$ U) l1 |+ `8 G0 q" U7 _- J
; d9 j# p* v: r, F3 K- }* \
Honoring the Dead
& w7 g6 I6 ^8 F0 V# h# K* y* @# _ 43. Political mourning
8 O f; I) X8 R' m- v8 n; j) { 44. Mock funerals! w+ I% P$ R; m, U' M [
45. Demonstrative funerals
7 s0 e! k' F6 x3 F 46. Homage at burial places ]2 N+ w. H! C. D7 e
8 u6 C7 }3 o$ M6 v) x; C1 f
Public Assemblies
% V h m' ~+ _) x' T* }6 s: r4 I' Q 47. Assemblies of protest or support, d/ T7 v- F. F% s
48. Protest meetings/ l- O, v9 G+ S& I9 N
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- N8 r5 e! |% r9 z 50. Teach-ins
) W- S3 L2 Y3 y j5 E# u- p$ W! d* z; s, h2 i
Withdrawal and Renunciation
5 `9 d$ \; L6 [) D5 _& W; T& D5 l; y 51. Walk-outs0 O* h6 V# F4 X6 e
52. Silence0 h; F. h* S) Y+ p+ P7 A! u& z
53. Renouncing honors
3 n. i; y7 I7 Q! A5 H9 D! t4 D 54. Turning one’s back
5 K5 |5 }0 y( ]1 x5 E
9 u! e+ `1 m; U$ K8 w t
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION5 v: x# ~; h O+ ]: Q
9 L) |9 W7 F0 O- a6 p' o : U8 I' V7 {* {8 M
/ Q6 h4 N0 z$ m0 [% F& h! U7 E% lOstracism of Persons" W" N8 d: W1 h- D. F6 B
55. Social boycott! x/ k: O J. T6 c! w
56. Selective social boycott; _9 N! N# i% C8 n0 d
57. Lysistratic nonaction( t# w. K8 r1 D% t
58. Excommunication* e8 T. K y3 _& T
59. Interdict
, g, Y6 y9 l/ [# Y2 U9 t5 S6 A! M- l# G( V' }% ?2 q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 L7 y# J4 p0 h, e+ k2 I/ u4 w 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. W% h) k' F4 {$ h& W5 N! F( c 61. Boycott of social affairs' o! `. d9 @6 y$ a( m, a
62. Student strike
4 R) X: w( l# N: g( I( N 63. Social disobedience% T* b- L" A( Z% s, I. ]* d3 O
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ i6 g) V8 U8 t& m8 B' R
# \- a, I; P0 i4 nWithdrawal from the Social System' e3 m3 h+ Y# g" g
65. Stay-at-home
8 Y* u: m( R% L: x- R8 n: j 66. Total personal noncooperation' ?/ c2 D# {! e) ^; t& G* M
67. “Flight” of workers
9 _% x+ j$ w2 O0 M 68. Sanctuary; X) A) l7 F3 y* K! K1 ~ X
69. Collective disappearance
3 ?6 J; `* d4 z( v+ _# Q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat). @# `( a( P- n& y% x+ N: K
4 R! M: s0 m# V; N( n ) b( e, M# d- e H% c6 F
6 z1 B7 M; |( OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS) E9 l% s! z9 k0 `7 z
$ Y4 [% [1 y' s
' I6 e/ a" g9 i; gActions by Consumers
) p; `0 I' F( @ 71. Consumers’ boycott
( E# W3 R/ ^1 u0 Y5 K+ S' W 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- |7 v% `( i5 U
73. Policy of austerity: Z3 B3 j2 C& ^
74. Rent withholding* {- l* U: {7 J [! `; c
75. Refusal to rent
; V2 K5 ~) {0 I9 g& @ 76. National consumers’ boycott
" U8 J: K1 Q0 S 77. International consumers’ boycott2 Z$ t" ~7 Z( f* u. t
* ~7 ?) E, y2 z! ^7 O
Action by Workers and Producers
9 F5 j7 m( S0 p5 |6 o6 y" _ 78. Workmen’s boycott
6 j$ S' s, B1 D6 M. f 79. Producers’ boycott
% P+ V8 F3 G& g+ W- n3 m/ U. W* {: y% Z, `" K+ ?
Action by Middlemen/ d& K0 ]$ T" }/ ]7 h, G- u3 c: H
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management% J9 w7 S7 V9 @0 n5 C2 Z& N
81. Traders’ boycott
/ o7 Y. @1 e7 a# u 82. Refusal to let or sell property! X6 O- R, d N& N* A# Y' @
83. Lockout
" B* U3 S7 n) S$ U) M+ _$ r 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 k& Q' z% |3 [ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 T A! c4 K! F" P4 P( Z
$ `; g* S: e3 F1 r `( D/ C
Action by Holders of Financial Resources9 {% M% B( N7 [. K$ D9 g' m2 Q: N
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, s) R0 I6 c: p! C
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments& A% m4 } O+ ]
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( {+ ^0 g; b* t+ `% E 89. Severance of funds and credit, q& ~& Q% _6 l- o o) }
90. Revenue refusal
$ I$ u1 J% O0 }& g4 f/ j 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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0 d5 u* }% a) j4 X, E4 hAction by Governments
$ x' i0 x( r/ \( R 92. Domestic embargo/ X+ N3 K4 K% N" x2 g
93. Blacklisting of traders
- _5 M* a e( G0 a' S1 W; w6 E+ M4 S 94. International sellers’ embargo: u4 o5 H& D% @8 ]3 C# A3 m. N
95. International buyers’ embargo
0 n8 V8 ^- z6 {& ^# T& _; x 96. International trade embargo3 F2 A1 h1 F6 q7 T) u$ P& B! v$ K2 A' ]
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7 I2 [) Y! ~2 ^; dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 V, X7 A+ M2 S7 u# n/ [& h6 s
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# H9 A' s1 t0 e2 O1 s" HSymbolic Strikes
" R6 b& r1 w; u4 N: _( h( O9 k 97. Protest strike
$ m& E$ @* V9 O- u 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 k2 t& u9 z8 k+ |; [! H5 T9 t. ?! T6 E- e& u( }
Agricultural Strikes
3 y z( p+ a$ I$ L, `6 [6 I, n 99. Peasant strike9 k( Y: D& {9 C7 ?. o8 K, `
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ U2 L2 Q3 u% \. U
% R) }7 @" l% E2 P: ?% Z7 N% F M
Strikes by Special Groups
! q1 y& P* @" y5 W& b 101. Refusal of impressed labor J1 n( |4 Z. H. D8 w9 ?
102. Prisoners’ strike
: h f1 H- B3 c 103. Craft strike
. ^9 e: ~( l! \6 N 104. Professional strike5 Q" A! J3 M( z4 E, F: d
" u* S% ^ N5 LOrdinary Industrial Strikes
0 E. a: \" M' {0 Y 105. Establishment strike
- q6 x2 F" Z b# ?0 V 106. Industry strike
) Q! x* w) A! K5 g! e3 U 107. Sympathetic strike0 a- N% P% `* X
$ S2 E% y1 }! }4 V1 c c0 gRestricted Strikes
3 `4 U Q) U( q1 l6 e6 S 108. Detailed strike
. ~: I' X- n0 Z. w) F z( x 109. Bumper strike
7 H2 S4 m0 l2 N4 X( c1 T 110. Slowdown strike2 c5 }4 q1 q, z: u
111. Working-to-rule strike3 p$ c: i7 w: x! X
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- R' s _1 ^4 D2 Y- c7 F* N. ?& Q 113. Strike by resignation
3 e# I2 K/ W m# v 114. Limited strike! J) W9 I, X7 h! a. `3 }
115. Selective strike( c( U1 ?6 K0 Y( C0 w
' h; I; n1 v. X9 u5 iMulti-Industry Strikes$ [0 j. L. w2 k" @, K5 w
# ] K1 u0 ?/ ^0 L- W5 s; z1 d4 k 116. Generalized strike& L x. b* L" i7 F% e9 [, T
1 a" s) N6 I! n' X 117. General strike( h7 u. U0 ?; ~) _1 F
8 }0 s, v: F% x2 e: C0 o: W
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
3 [8 q# R& h ?
3 O. `$ w6 w: k9 s9 k' E1 U# I 118. Hartal5 }0 s8 \- o) Z, x- K8 S
$ f* n& w$ y" J; k8 S 119. Economic shutdown
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( W! s# D! o3 `; y; v+ N* V, I
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" i1 [9 [) K+ U* y7 n1 ^- J' b. Y
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Rejection of Authority
8 @8 o7 y1 U7 L4 F 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance A* B' B. }/ h9 \
121. Refusal of public support0 ?& B v/ p4 O
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' A! S4 ~0 m! D( f% \
; g; \0 R8 I; k9 ~Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% l$ z8 l; R `/ y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 N' m, B/ z3 M$ a 124. Boycott of elections& {" }& v* w, f5 y/ ?
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 n' P, T+ T' r5 K W$ }( `3 g 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* a6 u0 h9 q8 ]& i) { F( ~
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ O* B3 a7 p4 }' h
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations* i8 V# b* Z$ U! A- m' S8 j( \
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 M1 Z, T6 e6 r 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ ]9 g9 J5 N9 p5 `% e4 g; ~' C
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 A. Y. a- }: I9 [ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions B- t/ S. }+ Z# G! y6 u
4 n8 @" D; X2 x3 Q9 p
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ C8 }+ i# X/ x' F6 z2 y" ~1 S- h9 Q8 p
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
e7 b% Y7 C9 S; W% d$ p 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ N9 z9 _+ M6 h8 w) I 135. Popular nonobedience
4 Q; a( i4 c( P% }8 {7 D. h& |7 E 136. Disguised disobedience' k' o4 q, R' E
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse m3 u- ^8 _. p3 v- f1 t
138. Sitdown
- q4 N( q& v! x i5 U6 |5 ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' ~6 `; o6 c' F& y+ Z4 b
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; ?7 I# {) C8 }/ Y; o
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ \- p5 }" W8 A" O2 e3 F9 |) }8 {6 s2 {% j
) ^6 A9 n8 m, v$ B! t9 [, vAction by Government Personnel( s0 [" y+ ]) v$ J, j# n6 F( V
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, ~, r4 Q }; F# E( U" h
143. Blocking of lines of command and information) I9 R) ?) T# e5 A) K" p4 `; W
144. Stalling and obstruction
! P% l# Y2 W+ B6 _ R 145. General administrative noncooperation
1 @1 o+ H2 R1 d! o3 e# ~" a( e# J1 r- L+ e% R0 T, ~
146. Judicial noncooperation
" {! V6 T2 ~$ B; f$ i _' I 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents& m/ s# M( x/ G5 S3 g. D! f' l
148. Mutiny% K6 t6 y% O1 @+ [( L8 c2 K N
Domestic Governmental Action
- X( c; N0 k# m c# U8 a9 c% [ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays' c$ O6 B' J/ C7 B
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 B! N) r& }7 H/ O6 ?9 b1 p. [
) w5 g- o/ ^5 k. ^9 B$ I
International Governmental Action
, B3 x* d0 A* e9 B1 q! W 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, u( `! P; p& f# N/ P, I# f' g 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% `( G, I5 ~& E P: ^. E# Z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition Q! r" m9 c2 O9 b p% u; P1 s8 m
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- y, y# i# B* f! g$ K
155. Withdrawal from international organizations, g6 Q0 D4 J- N0 } s( j5 G$ s
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* D! i2 Y3 q- p4 t/ T. i 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 Q0 A' `) q( F: o
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1 [+ |4 C& e0 @" m0 {* s
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
$ \$ Y+ e w+ [4 J5 J \9 B; U
$ p; j# j _: r6 D8 ]" h* q9 d , H* A7 [, k1 P5 L/ d8 Z6 ?# H
Psychological Intervention
# u2 S3 Y: ~: @! ` ~$ t% J 158. Self-exposure to the elements8 Z5 n& O3 l7 c/ l
159. The fast0 E' ~* i/ k0 [
a) Fast of moral pressure) K0 ^2 `' P. ?- a. _
b) Hunger strike
" M. Q8 U1 [# S j c) Satyagrahic fast" o% \; ]5 ~) K1 ^7 C
160. Reverse trial
8 c% n$ X5 a9 c8 ^- w8 d# L9 W 161. Nonviolent harassment/ n+ Z' B( I- ], {4 W' n
8 L0 \$ W v4 {! b/ X: Q, u& N4 ?' S: PPhysical Intervention
# o; ?( R. |# y0 |$ t `. Y3 F 162. Sit-in8 B' r. S& n$ O
163. Stand-in
# ^3 A4 z" N( }& ] 164. Ride-in: M! N2 R |3 M( C
165. Wade-in
8 N* H8 h+ ^$ Z0 }; s2 h. {: H1 W 166. Mill-in: K a! Z% V- E6 ^8 e# {7 Q
167. Pray-in
4 t e9 S- g8 i: [ 168. Nonviolent raids! ]; g* W' [4 F2 H% \
169. Nonviolent air raids% R1 Q( f7 T! B/ ]8 Y1 o
170. Nonviolent invasion) Q) n- g6 S8 S4 a) D
171. Nonviolent interjection
) A( G( K: y! k8 W, G, Z, r; q9 m 172. Nonviolent obstruction
& z; _& f" \9 G4 F% r 173. Nonviolent occupation
1 ]$ _7 i6 ^% r" j
& d" L! ^9 X9 jSocial Intervention
( I. q& {0 g( ?& `+ n# r5 b 174. Establishing new social patterns/ ^2 w& g9 [# H
175. Overloading of facilities
$ P, X; p& r7 F' } 176. Stall-in
) \5 I- k, a( b, j1 `+ H$ a 177. Speak-in
1 b% ?! l" v7 R" A$ C7 ` 178. Guerrilla theater
% n/ @+ s8 _* F7 l( m A 179. Alternative social institutions1 }8 G v( t8 `- T/ ^, `6 N
180. Alternative communication system0 J, L' n9 Y. u% w7 x M! c
! k& a. k' q! r( S+ _Economic Intervention
1 z4 n) S9 |4 n 181. Reverse strike6 c7 H! Q- D1 r" q* v
182. Stay-in strike$ ^& z0 o) K& ~! T. m! o
183. Nonviolent land seizure
! Z; D' y: {& Q3 c1 r 184. Defiance of blockades; i m. T5 g: }+ A' N9 _6 C
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! e- _6 k' F+ I9 U 186. Preclusive purchasing1 O- l: V) o# i8 u
187. Seizure of assets
) U6 R0 r, m( @+ `4 z! j* R 188. Dumping
6 Z+ }3 j* b. E# U8 l7 S I 189. Selective patronage" m/ G- Q+ Q8 i) h! c G; s( e
190. Alternative markets5 Z; j' o# I. u4 F$ Y ?4 s; ?
191. Alternative transportation systems
- g2 ] a7 C4 i6 y 192. Alternative economic institutions
; v6 T) M5 W6 L& }7 j
) Y) W" y9 d* x6 r% s: EPolitical Intervention
% O- Y' Q% \8 J8 V2 d3 r; d 193. Overloading of administrative systems" V( G8 K8 @9 S2 D
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, E) v$ D* M( e4 R
195. Seeking imprisonment- J8 @! R- n9 _/ w' q8 k
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! q7 `4 A$ a" ~9 W. [8 D
197. Work-on without collaboration! ~* ]0 b1 ` G% \$ V
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
