 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% e, F9 i x' p3 E/ ^Formal Statements
0 H, \& i! x5 D9 A! E8 N 1. Public Speeches% L7 z8 i. q& X; C+ D( X( J I0 U
2. Letters of opposition or support8 ~( z7 g: C- h% m% a
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 W) }% z6 L# }& u: U+ r( I
4. Signed public statements
" b4 i# b7 D; Z- M 5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 k/ f; C+ V( [
6. Group or mass petitions) c3 d: N+ I7 F2 [- B% P
. J8 R; h& r( [3 a8 x% RCommunications with a Wider Audience" I& s- D* A$ Y# o8 o
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
5 f! N9 v0 T! M: v; U3 F, | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 ` d) _6 m! l4 l
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ _' W8 i& J0 m. m4 K
10. Newspapers and journals5 n: t; H& A1 M! F$ I3 Q
11. Records, radio, and television
7 L% H5 p7 n7 y6 w/ r. V9 w 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 [3 r) y$ i3 e) h( B- N4 _" ~) t D% F( d1 K& s; i
Group Representations0 k8 u/ r" f6 c- S8 ~7 a0 a1 q
13. Deputations o# E# ~& U' X; w
14. Mock awards
( U2 d, @. H8 v6 F; P- O 15. Group lobbying+ k5 r2 p2 q! D2 g* y
16. Picketing
! }! ~) \- ]+ f1 T6 c$ L 17. Mock elections
* ?3 h5 m# o3 s* e$ j7 F8 O7 n' {1 X& l2 ^
Symbolic Public Acts
" [- i/ u3 `4 U 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" r O6 j0 O9 G5 C; Z- l: p$ j9 }/ e3 E ]
19. Wearing of symbols2 x& ^8 u6 v2 ~9 U7 l6 M6 \
20. Prayer and worship
% V" ?( @# O. T3 s( z; Q+ k- j 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 }* y! U, k3 P4 u/ ` 22. Protest disrobings
" Y7 e8 F E! o8 l {4 ` 23. Destruction of own property% \. t# Y! i' B4 y
24. Symbolic lights- p0 W2 @; F6 r) V
25. Displays of portraits& ]3 B6 l' i9 j w" `
26. Paint as protest
+ v; a- \1 U n/ ^' X1 [/ ?2 i2 { 27. New signs and names+ x. D! R) A. \3 r7 H1 H
28. Symbolic sounds
9 ^& B7 m# v: J# c 29. Symbolic reclamations) x% G9 T6 p. s( r
30. Rude gestures
1 A1 p' s, _- }0 r. g9 ]5 K; y- x1 W+ C- S, ~( E4 F, W- P( m4 v
Pressures on Individuals3 a6 o/ o @, ?: ^
31. “Haunting” officials
2 y/ t# S8 h9 i1 f# g1 U7 F, } 32. Taunting officials; ]3 \9 [' O/ h( y$ F6 R
33. Fraternization
" ?9 H. `, r0 H) a5 g! Q 34. Vigils; U% K2 n, m) l) v& A! r
4 R$ m8 e& V) z3 z0 R! e! K6 w8 U
Drama and Music% k- ~& k: u& `5 M# d
35. Humorous skits and pranks
! N; l( n7 G8 C6 C 36. Performances of plays and music
( e# t! O9 \: O/ C. q, b 37. Singing
" R- M8 V9 k2 }1 `2 r, ~6 `$ T8 G u/ |
Processions
: }$ M0 ^4 h+ W; F6 f- i! q 38. Marches
# F1 F# @/ e% h- j 39. Parades
: {7 e2 M) F5 e# m1 g# n, O 40. Religious processions
9 k2 B* L* D# Y+ r4 V W3 l7 Y8 L: N 41. Pilgrimages1 e# F- ?8 e+ x( F' M! Q& N
42. Motorcades, w0 b% B5 _6 ~& n1 Q) u' g
; H$ d u( d' L* q0 B4 o& Q
Honoring the Dead0 O& I4 {4 {$ X3 H0 e. W1 d7 O
43. Political mourning
0 q$ N; E" _6 a: u% A; m$ L% N 44. Mock funerals
" B4 b% s( H4 i7 b9 N 45. Demonstrative funerals
2 f7 h/ k& K% K+ ], z% p) \ G 46. Homage at burial places
' f- Y5 G& X8 Z( @: Z, W! S* g1 [# p8 s9 P
Public Assemblies! W' _& Z7 d' x$ i3 @& ^
47. Assemblies of protest or support
( x/ _$ S/ B! U/ U6 z 48. Protest meetings
5 e- y2 I" N Q! ~ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ P5 T% g/ J# B% @2 C" S" T& q
50. Teach-ins2 t. h0 ?. L( x
8 {* D4 N( u; d& Q. s& c0 ?
Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 _1 x% L5 {+ i# b 51. Walk-outs
* y, M+ ^* c, y6 P1 I 52. Silence' B! q7 i/ I& g0 x
53. Renouncing honors
2 R. i5 C# M0 B 54. Turning one’s back5 A1 p" s5 n7 D$ M
' }" `) \9 C+ H/ k; B1 E% ]
: a1 d5 `) [# R( m4 m. V
/ a1 e5 x8 k- ?
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
& @- O+ L3 W( M& T# a. K# v! l8 h9 R( S, N
) ]+ S) p: k5 y+ e, _# j; E* d, E& p( q) Y% S$ A4 m" h
Ostracism of Persons
7 a! Z3 A4 E& I7 C1 B( A6 y* _ 55. Social boycott0 ~& j9 `2 V4 a' m m; w! T
56. Selective social boycott
- {1 }% u9 E& C# }/ V( U 57. Lysistratic nonaction0 k t+ L) M! H, O( ]* @
58. Excommunication0 j: n2 P6 @- O0 Z. d' E+ ~: I" @
59. Interdict7 }* J: s( O P
- U0 M* k1 R. G( S/ [" ]7 mNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: i# |' Q+ \: z5 r+ A
60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 B3 l/ u4 ?- g8 O# E
61. Boycott of social affairs9 Y/ C7 W, s" s! k% u
62. Student strike- N' u3 ^" b) e+ Y; _1 }% o
63. Social disobedience7 F3 M: I6 e3 e' D, `4 s8 k7 F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
/ F3 k! j. }$ z5 w0 |8 y w
0 i8 f6 K P9 U( `4 S) j8 HWithdrawal from the Social System
: \5 F: g! a7 b8 A 65. Stay-at-home2 p) I; Z# d% f
66. Total personal noncooperation# P/ V' j- ?* j" I4 f
67. “Flight” of workers" S9 H9 M5 Q6 s* L$ n
68. Sanctuary+ Y2 C# X% j% t# @: s0 `
69. Collective disappearance
1 p4 U n0 N8 w; v 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
y/ B! J& G! p t. V, @# p3 I$ A6 P: d3 d
4 s. Z- D& U! m/ q! ^( O0 d% h- A c
8 u$ w. E. Q0 dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 r4 i5 r! }$ j! w2 o
# @" M1 m+ B2 N- |" w 5 j8 ]7 G* k; g, T
Actions by Consumers
( b( d0 t9 H+ i7 h Q$ m 71. Consumers’ boycott
8 d3 r6 m( x* r 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ E6 ?' W0 r. }( ?/ y9 w0 q- ~( R+ m 73. Policy of austerity8 c* `2 \$ y, N. J% G a( T
74. Rent withholding
+ I% j9 y! P& L 75. Refusal to rent
0 T; q4 t& E2 U2 P8 Z+ b 76. National consumers’ boycott* i7 e7 A/ W, o, G# M7 a: `+ u
77. International consumers’ boycott0 F5 L3 \% a# J" r# l$ u; o
# b; h3 f+ ~0 T! h" U/ O+ HAction by Workers and Producers
: N7 }6 t7 M! D, l! j 78. Workmen’s boycott
. ~! \# h$ W3 Y0 ~6 A8 G# l 79. Producers’ boycott+ |. L- T* _; o3 Q, H
( `, {2 F: w& u B
Action by Middlemen
0 c; d9 A$ O, R( }+ s* @5 Y/ i6 r 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) t& y3 [3 K# N- \! p; y
. W$ q3 J' L, WAction by Owners and Management
% a$ g+ N" v# s 81. Traders’ boycott
; T8 y g. S; K) F 82. Refusal to let or sell property
# H! h& |- X4 I$ l 83. Lockout
Q) O2 N ^; R+ \0 I: X 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 F! {3 x( d$ {; h$ { 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
0 d" H4 o o( j1 [+ H' U, ?8 A8 o4 M
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
- Y8 x' r& ]- L8 Q) ? 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits Z; @7 d7 `& J' E2 O d
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ K5 r" H5 M: J% K1 c3 ` 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
0 F2 C1 ]3 A+ v# p- O 89. Severance of funds and credit
8 p) B/ `; H" F x 90. Revenue refusal2 Q5 ?, K* u. U' h
91. Refusal of a government’s money
0 s2 D7 J2 k/ ]9 m S; y4 U- c/ Q3 S4 f! @, {( p; P+ D Y _
Action by Governments
+ Z1 G! B8 z- I 92. Domestic embargo
' P1 o0 D# c& d 93. Blacklisting of traders$ E V/ a8 s. o5 u; p
94. International sellers’ embargo
( G% G- \% _- t/ ]. f 95. International buyers’ embargo& f4 m6 r+ W. O k: N m) C
96. International trade embargo3 m/ S, I- G9 F
% t& i* ~ A/ l v* L* [. \
5 R8 i& u+ d& Y- b
1 ?5 z" ~( L( x& y. ]3 }1 I
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% H* j+ R$ `( X! z% O# h6 h- c; k
; F# f3 ] z4 ^. v + @' t; d; l, q" J4 g) h" s
Symbolic Strikes
, u; `1 e6 {6 `& @3 f 97. Protest strike
7 B$ U0 [& c7 }1 }: R 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
8 o- J7 h/ t' \1 V9 [1 X
7 b0 e5 d" E: d4 G2 i' L3 t7 nAgricultural Strikes9 {8 B$ {, z0 E/ c
99. Peasant strike. Z+ |7 P" \1 {. M( G, g6 h, g
100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 l8 A8 K9 N1 M
5 \' x% x- f5 t5 P, o# oStrikes by Special Groups
5 R+ ~# k# n1 Z3 v5 K1 { 101. Refusal of impressed labor
- g! J0 ]1 Y; A 102. Prisoners’ strike6 I% L0 a! k/ n$ g
103. Craft strike
: E3 R. V; M: q3 Q4 ]7 } 104. Professional strike5 [0 x L6 {! b: }. y
* r. i0 V: F( `9 W z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes6 X- s$ L+ v6 c! ~: i+ B8 U
105. Establishment strike
" h2 r+ ^( P* K8 {% j# k! P 106. Industry strike) w) O; j+ i5 {' _+ U
107. Sympathetic strike
+ ?" ]( E+ Z/ I2 ^2 {4 c& f3 g$ S8 i9 K6 l# y( y: i. S
Restricted Strikes. X$ s; @' q/ o! X
108. Detailed strike
" O" M8 y- }9 [; | 109. Bumper strike$ P( H6 @1 Q7 G
110. Slowdown strike8 s) `8 i8 U; V& U% a& Q& [
111. Working-to-rule strike
. n" a2 v- h7 i4 l0 z! D, } 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): ~; d0 L+ J& `+ d, Y
113. Strike by resignation3 c& Q% c8 I3 e# c3 ?: Z3 W
114. Limited strike
. ^' R4 @; t, [- t: d: X2 q 115. Selective strike
7 d( y9 ~: u' B: H
/ }8 l+ B9 y# J% ^3 l& y9 gMulti-Industry Strikes
4 N& Q2 C) M4 x5 [8 j4 {8 d |; l3 d: s- G6 t: [- q1 R
116. Generalized strike
2 R2 J/ ^$ l& H! b6 a, w0 H
& h6 O9 y/ Z" _ L9 k" g: n& m 117. General strike
# E0 k" L& s! Q h) c B+ g) T. M
3 s* a3 }+ _' }0 {Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. J1 F0 W! P- A _4 _) ^- V, a' n
, \8 s- D+ U" p/ i, @: ? 118. Hartal: X9 O6 ^! D3 B5 M3 r' f8 b/ z
- v& G5 Q; u8 [7 f2 S9 o# u 119. Economic shutdown
: _" m* u% G& t3 d3 h
) Q P: K. X* B' Y0 z2 y" Q( J " K% K2 ^1 i, i( T# ?7 u
, ]) ?% S( R6 x3 u
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
2 Z$ j; s$ r3 L0 w% \9 f, D$ Z' r4 W9 Z3 T `& T
6 @* ]6 h. ?: x/ a+ f+ hRejection of Authority' ~9 J. t0 G6 J8 I) F
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. s0 ]4 C1 |1 L$ c 121. Refusal of public support3 z) @4 ~& G, B9 l# Y: d2 Q
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
: z2 h& L- ]9 J5 v
8 o) D" Q; F: {$ g- v$ Q5 o0 oCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government; W0 T" a3 a. x3 _
123. Boycott of legislative bodies- G. |* D/ e* n `% E2 \; J) v
124. Boycott of elections! t* f4 d7 ?2 I L$ V6 D
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# b! }0 w: P- S! V 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. f- J# v1 R) a* E7 _, f 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( N" ^: g5 l6 Q$ L: @' R7 @
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" H) o: v" k) z) `( X% u 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents3 \. K7 v4 W. D z" }
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks0 z* d [0 j# q& m/ Q* i' V
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 M/ {, [4 D4 @ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 A* r8 I" R" F+ f6 J! x4 s! X( L/ l/ Y/ f8 }6 L4 y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; g8 @* R4 S/ L 133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 s' Y) `0 v4 L
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ \8 m; [) B: G3 A( W* t+ ~; f U( e 135. Popular nonobedience- ^3 q" g- I0 S& P7 A
136. Disguised disobedience3 S S$ f( W8 C6 L% C* |5 j
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 j5 K4 R+ v# _& n
138. Sitdown! X$ a4 y7 |+ T
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ }5 O; ~% l' P7 b 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; P3 U+ E; z V8 ]1 ?4 I7 F$ t$ m0 m
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws4 L+ G1 q6 I* s1 ^& F0 k! L
1 h# g* g3 w u0 OAction by Government Personnel
3 f# y$ o4 T+ T: ] 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, Q* N5 t c' |1 j7 N. c- X
143. Blocking of lines of command and information( l0 X) U3 R, w4 A5 S7 H1 N* x3 b
144. Stalling and obstruction
* f% [. m/ s7 z$ G' g6 m- t 145. General administrative noncooperation: N7 }4 m: C+ |: l5 M
5 q5 {# F* z/ M
146. Judicial noncooperation
4 Z& r5 n2 X& d$ f/ G 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- }2 p0 G1 x* H# Y# r. W' f$ |
148. Mutiny- f: s4 j+ |) M# b. i8 i/ y9 m. f, V
Domestic Governmental Action
; }7 _. C* O1 M( t3 T! o 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) m) ]8 O6 F$ t! n
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 J7 ?! ^. p8 Q- f1 h# B, s T5 o& @0 p
International Governmental Action6 A; v! C# x; D: n, D) u3 M' C
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 }7 B- r( D7 h
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events \+ o! F! Q. T, O
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 y2 U8 I. ?/ J+ q! {5 ?2 i2 \" U 154. Severance of diplomatic relations2 V5 ^1 Q& r* r2 j* U$ ~
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ \% E! @/ n4 j8 t0 _' G, z 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* A3 h- d. E6 ? 157. Expulsion from international organizations4 t$ \8 y2 s/ G2 K3 b( @/ _+ O- O: p& g
( o9 k2 L e1 L3 d9 x# B 7 P$ n' j' {, Q6 l' r
# ^" [7 f" Q# x! A& I
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
/ T x& s2 L8 G& V( X' T* d; B( s+ l
& F& J2 N8 @+ d/ V* u5 g" {1 N
* J. q" q# X9 b# ]# APsychological Intervention
, B7 k3 T9 e8 U& n8 A 158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ Z( L. x6 }! Z9 l 159. The fast! x) \. e/ b# X8 ]- }- E
a) Fast of moral pressure( z4 e6 l- `/ u8 c; }0 }1 o
b) Hunger strike; [9 H3 ^8 W) v) f- S W) H) A
c) Satyagrahic fast5 }) V9 X* d+ N5 X
160. Reverse trial. r6 F& [0 i5 l6 d+ R K) [; \! |
161. Nonviolent harassment
) m8 w3 E# K$ b7 ~; @: o" x1 }. a: [8 h) |: H. D
Physical Intervention
* R4 z4 @9 X2 \+ l5 {7 u& A2 i 162. Sit-in
7 i- X, m7 `& H: z. X- F2 | 163. Stand-in5 f6 @0 j8 j' m J2 [
164. Ride-in
3 s3 m# O4 Y2 {' Z. e 165. Wade-in1 ~3 ~( A4 L' e6 z- J
166. Mill-in
7 x+ f' j' D# O: i, F h( q; q 167. Pray-in" y3 P" T1 p' c6 g/ c# B+ I: }
168. Nonviolent raids! Q/ C; w" q# t" k) t. i: N( `
169. Nonviolent air raids
8 t9 L$ O3 P+ T# i4 `# m. j, w1 A 170. Nonviolent invasion% q0 }1 t- I5 k0 j/ u+ N1 a$ ~
171. Nonviolent interjection# S: x1 P! s4 W8 u/ ^7 j. N, R
172. Nonviolent obstruction1 v5 z- ^' Y7 r: Z
173. Nonviolent occupation
4 S W7 P: P* N# {. I4 }( O+ t9 U! k% G
Social Intervention: O& j. N U8 p, H+ j" E
174. Establishing new social patterns* s- V7 @ ~; d4 I8 K! O9 j2 J
175. Overloading of facilities" E) E9 O, Y; i8 M6 [2 m
176. Stall-in- d# X6 ]- V0 j0 A2 y, j
177. Speak-in: G! q4 G0 [% I+ Q
178. Guerrilla theater4 u1 }( Z7 G) S/ v, c/ X
179. Alternative social institutions
4 R& W% ^2 W9 L, o5 \ 180. Alternative communication system! k5 ^9 u& h% [( D0 u+ A! H) [4 h
' d7 h3 k* S# M8 LEconomic Intervention/ J6 w+ Q9 h$ ]0 \1 M- n$ m$ l$ r
181. Reverse strike* { v$ T4 e+ q( L/ ]$ V5 [4 K8 k$ X
182. Stay-in strike
7 I% K* ?0 E- Z- w# w 183. Nonviolent land seizure" W/ p# i2 i7 c8 q4 x+ n
184. Defiance of blockades/ @ t& y0 ^! E" D
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' |! Y# h6 U3 x# F7 Q' @5 C. ]
186. Preclusive purchasing
9 a2 U% C. }3 G3 u- g& u$ G! M 187. Seizure of assets% E: d* W( R4 P1 N4 x8 s7 n1 \5 v
188. Dumping0 p1 h9 [ C: c/ ^6 D3 v, x
189. Selective patronage
1 X& x4 t% M+ I2 g* q) t 190. Alternative markets2 f0 R4 y% O& _5 a6 k
191. Alternative transportation systems' m" Q7 T# `# W7 Q! r0 d1 e# ~; Y
192. Alternative economic institutions
( V) m* c2 o, ]1 O' T/ L! D7 n |: y `% A1 o, D
Political Intervention
! o. _: _, ~: f) o& g, t; O 193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 n/ J6 ~# \/ B$ [( O 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( A8 A8 f! o2 t* n/ j0 K& W% b3 _" a$ R
195. Seeking imprisonment& ^0 `6 t. b0 h3 [# r
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 V/ r$ z M6 d; E# j$ N
197. Work-on without collaboration- c6 {/ g5 l: G* v! T9 q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government, R# s h' q% w+ H! i* M
( ^" t1 p9 Q- _) V' w
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
