 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 e9 |7 V1 E$ @6 A3 {
Formal Statements" Y" X5 G, U( q8 O, B* S |
1. Public Speeches6 @4 \8 |& U" G; j" f! n# ~
2. Letters of opposition or support
. f7 f9 J: h9 D7 x: I0 `2 }9 a* c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 Q+ P( g) c# K" u6 j) {
4. Signed public statements
4 p/ E. Q3 ^. |6 q' U; h 5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 g0 ^& f/ j5 H" M+ i! W: y
6. Group or mass petitions2 `7 Y+ z' Z% B9 b, t
+ C% L0 s" c3 X# P+ |Communications with a Wider Audience# e* j1 H! ^+ B; C! ]1 c' n3 d+ k% L" f
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ F7 C- `) h% r& J8 a& r
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" O0 N6 v& G$ ~9 B- T) |7 Q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- X9 ~ Q/ x' G" R/ }& {% q 10. Newspapers and journals6 q2 P0 c( s0 T$ R( D
11. Records, radio, and television
7 l5 R8 }' ?8 C& N3 |" r 12. Skywriting and earthwriting, g( s5 S2 ?( A a1 E! z
7 |6 A1 f; h5 {6 y- Y
Group Representations9 F1 T' n* i/ A2 ?7 u1 {
13. Deputations8 o$ Y& z- m+ o" Q2 a8 }
14. Mock awards3 ?4 a; P) A) O& o3 \4 F
15. Group lobbying* C/ m$ O3 t: Z) Q# c
16. Picketing# Q$ I( Y0 q. I
17. Mock elections( b& u0 B7 J8 H, ^1 B/ ~; d: E) A
) a' G' B, b0 e4 _0 T4 \ uSymbolic Public Acts E, D9 J: e7 E j
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 ^; L; H* _; H0 a8 W- C+ Y 19. Wearing of symbols2 z$ S j! p: G/ s% v% z' c
20. Prayer and worship
w5 t1 H0 _2 O( j2 O 21. Delivering symbolic objects$ l1 j$ M5 k7 N+ G$ P+ Z9 `) k
22. Protest disrobings
( c; w- k' x8 b6 k# |4 K+ s6 h 23. Destruction of own property2 ~+ c' g2 Z0 C% \6 M+ u1 a
24. Symbolic lights0 v7 w6 @0 M* m6 x% k& Z
25. Displays of portraits, ?& J2 J' Y7 Z
26. Paint as protest9 r' ]2 p+ _4 w& ? @/ ]
27. New signs and names
4 x4 K# w# e4 z+ c" b 28. Symbolic sounds1 ~7 B; m: Z7 C E
29. Symbolic reclamations& `7 X& d+ b2 M/ e' Y2 K3 H* C) I9 ~
30. Rude gestures9 j- ^$ _3 v$ ^5 ~5 }
W$ w* ~- K- U% s7 [9 hPressures on Individuals& ?9 {1 n2 y/ @) N8 k$ I
31. “Haunting” officials" F# ]2 b# G$ E; f: [
32. Taunting officials% D2 a+ W- Z$ o% E" J
33. Fraternization) ?! L: O; A& E; B2 x m
34. Vigils a' C! U5 c7 P) F3 V A: `
" x/ n- d4 o ^! S8 |
Drama and Music
3 c* e1 B3 d, h% U" j' i% d+ O 35. Humorous skits and pranks3 V9 S, _4 e% R
36. Performances of plays and music; s/ c, i$ N/ N( K9 v' f/ c8 n: X
37. Singing
$ i j3 }8 M0 j! c& v; \5 P, ~% h
1 o4 _+ m3 k+ vProcessions: r! j' X8 Z3 G" k9 v
38. Marches
6 M6 s% e+ W+ s: g 39. Parades
! {- t5 R1 z |; I% E, o: ~0 F 40. Religious processions
( d1 N5 z' w, R* X 41. Pilgrimages
, I1 O5 ~* z' ^) h) I% g$ W 42. Motorcades+ S6 W5 o; f$ \& i5 F+ D3 W
+ Q, p% @ D' n) d/ c# HHonoring the Dead9 X3 }( { J( }+ f( a5 j
43. Political mourning8 T7 b& e/ M( w% @6 M4 ?
44. Mock funerals
/ @% d; w8 f+ P4 a( \ 45. Demonstrative funerals
& \( @( E- f7 h$ j 46. Homage at burial places u. o7 }$ K y) O( M8 w
Q% u8 f! q8 c; ?% `. d/ vPublic Assemblies
! e4 S( U9 V4 {* b* Z! Q1 X 47. Assemblies of protest or support1 \4 h* I U# ~: O$ ~8 H
48. Protest meetings0 k# P% c% I+ o1 |- v7 |) ~
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# D. i0 n, {3 c' w1 S$ s6 c$ H 50. Teach-ins6 w4 ?6 B/ G" {3 L& o( n' q
# P$ d8 c6 x* M( z6 u; p' WWithdrawal and Renunciation
! U! L9 j- b4 x0 B( m 51. Walk-outs; N" P4 R" H% [& J; W
52. Silence
5 y4 V! S9 ?' ~ 53. Renouncing honors" S$ v* R6 Z/ T) K. Q
54. Turning one’s back
S( X, Q0 @6 b8 \0 `) b
0 q8 ~- H% j9 i# O6 ~5 t
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* h2 c' y8 P+ p# q) {THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION3 ~# ~: T; o+ V( ]2 Z! h7 f
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" i/ _+ s7 x& ]- `$ V0 mOstracism of Persons
6 o4 O; F! T8 P7 `9 Q 55. Social boycott6 C/ z# }( P7 y6 D3 S d% s8 R
56. Selective social boycott# J0 W9 m" s' y) v3 ?4 e" b5 `9 J
57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 n: s3 [& j! p7 \8 m9 C- o 58. Excommunication* _( j7 |; s4 P$ y$ F3 e7 f) D. Y, E9 Q
59. Interdict
' d8 v* _ M6 x/ F5 J
6 u9 v% \8 \3 T3 D! zNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 l( ?2 l% r1 _3 ]9 x 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 `1 f! L; x# ^9 F. r 61. Boycott of social affairs7 m) \: U1 o# |) Z
62. Student strike# ~- w- n# g% C$ I& j" d
63. Social disobedience( N6 S/ h/ w3 O+ {6 z& H/ J2 ]4 o5 r
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# z" } r3 H/ M6 \# Y0 ~) a! F8 i8 E! C
Withdrawal from the Social System
; L Q9 f4 ^5 z7 l# @4 \ 65. Stay-at-home! q7 w8 W7 r! T! G
66. Total personal noncooperation1 }' l. h: O% d" k
67. “Flight” of workers3 ~* _# d5 L* h8 s! d
68. Sanctuary
1 R0 ?! ^; d; O5 @) ]0 t4 E7 j# v 69. Collective disappearance1 \5 g* ]/ Y; n4 b) Q2 Z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)7 b" m, D1 z' o3 C+ X! q
8 W3 Q& y5 ?. u4 `- H+ Q 5 W. k! K" T1 t, R5 `' ?9 N
S4 P! J; ~7 l! W( QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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- `! l6 L1 c/ GActions by Consumers
& x$ v, W) Z/ t' ~1 r D" S. l 71. Consumers’ boycott( T3 b1 C, E9 H/ @
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- A8 n+ S/ P4 o8 a5 Y Y9 N 73. Policy of austerity
. W, }1 E& X" x$ b# r5 \- q3 e 74. Rent withholding
" L3 M9 ?$ H$ y$ N4 J 75. Refusal to rent
9 ]1 c1 r8 A- S0 j6 Y# { 76. National consumers’ boycott
5 z( L, H2 t! H& G4 O7 W 77. International consumers’ boycott2 D% B: E C/ F
9 C8 W! i/ t# N- F) D+ c6 _Action by Workers and Producers
0 \' U' V; E p& K0 ~' O 78. Workmen’s boycott/ d1 i( q h: h) W/ R2 P4 l8 g
79. Producers’ boycott) D2 N8 e* W$ T& H7 ]% v/ _
' p$ n+ [& X* @0 V: o& V* ~1 }Action by Middlemen
# n& N6 \1 N) O0 | 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott' `# X" Y! F8 n0 U
# l) g% p( Z+ G v7 f8 C' W* ^
Action by Owners and Management' b6 e# h6 f% _4 P# Q
81. Traders’ boycott) T& F+ z4 w+ k( I" p3 T/ {
82. Refusal to let or sell property8 R8 A& M$ f) _4 I6 j& S: A
83. Lockout
5 f( O; ?" A$ g6 n3 k5 v4 x# W7 A 84. Refusal of industrial assistance% O8 {, }. A6 S( [: p+ Y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 J Y/ h* ~# V& I# G
: I4 v. ~+ P" q; yAction by Holders of Financial Resources; W' t. ? i/ f8 S2 `
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! z5 z1 V9 e9 u* J0 ^5 A5 G
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 ]: ~* \1 |, ` t4 f 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* {2 a7 c/ w& X0 s
89. Severance of funds and credit. ~& r" A& W1 G3 x j7 A
90. Revenue refusal! s+ e* w4 L4 k8 X: H% T
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments/ e( \6 x R4 x- o- Y3 i# g4 M
92. Domestic embargo% o5 B) n# F/ N; a) K5 }8 D/ U0 V8 X
93. Blacklisting of traders- {8 H$ ~2 m' K
94. International sellers’ embargo
% z; r5 T1 K" `4 @) x& E; F7 D+ ? 95. International buyers’ embargo
: o V9 K/ u; j% U1 \ 96. International trade embargo- w& R% O0 H6 Y- T2 f: a+ A
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 P4 s- N" z' f/ h+ _2 L m% Q
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Symbolic Strikes
& A5 t# }5 {2 |# Z" \& O% ^ 97. Protest strike4 @ d& G; U$ a9 L/ _8 E0 L1 Z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 n4 l% |9 [, |' m) p9 `# q2 C
0 w) S; q! D- M2 E) C/ `Agricultural Strikes; l8 q, n3 d4 L7 M# ^- I5 Q
99. Peasant strike5 p/ B9 {; U; U) N2 J) B. u
100. Farm Workers’ strike
9 c! L5 U/ T& r ^& x1 \8 I, z4 T3 i0 t! n; L
Strikes by Special Groups7 z+ h4 h7 z& [+ _) x3 v
101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 v3 x" g- Z+ Y4 U+ {; z 102. Prisoners’ strike6 S9 Y! }% E# l, `0 u
103. Craft strike
& r i- x" ^, z: |7 C 104. Professional strike' J% a3 P+ U. {8 L& `; H
6 g6 P9 T1 ?! q6 O! c
Ordinary Industrial Strikes% \1 @/ V- h; ]* f) w6 E' k
105. Establishment strike
0 h9 w; ]$ ?3 c5 Y! @ 106. Industry strike
9 }( o* O5 o! u 107. Sympathetic strike
: X% I( J; A" z2 g& @+ y( c- u: q) M e, Q0 \% o% `) z0 u
Restricted Strikes% t/ I; \4 e- h. e$ W
108. Detailed strike
# N K0 o: ?9 n( U0 k" ~. Z# `& ~ 109. Bumper strike, g! S1 ?3 t6 l5 z3 x
110. Slowdown strike5 E$ f1 y6 D* R
111. Working-to-rule strike
' U2 e6 h3 j% G 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" B. p$ F6 a2 x# }# t/ l
113. Strike by resignation. |% A& f, V0 q/ y8 u
114. Limited strike) h! a' J! T; I e9 O8 h
115. Selective strike
( D3 C$ Y1 u( a
, r& z/ o8 t2 p2 ^4 d8 QMulti-Industry Strikes! X! p5 F @9 q' d0 D
5 j( h) I+ z5 i$ k7 R( R0 u# m
116. Generalized strike8 u* p+ b+ q5 m3 I! S
0 r, V' i/ n, j
117. General strike: a' I5 R# q: ^ O
& y" |; o$ a& w: \2 qCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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% Q% x, E! p8 e: |/ p 118. Hartal
* _7 {0 a# }" h* s: u {' V. _4 N7 P$ E4 K* U% d
119. Economic shutdown
; x* z3 m! P1 o" Q }# N B1 L Q( e: Y4 {. w) C' J! |
4 O2 \' t6 U. I. l& y" c$ ~
( \% o7 w9 i& ^5 Q& `THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# {+ W1 Q' H* ^
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' B0 ]4 l' o. e" M7 U) yRejection of Authority( b) d: R! O( [1 P
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 a% ^/ u4 I) ~ 121. Refusal of public support6 q0 G2 m& m, C) W/ }/ e
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 Y8 c& n: P" ?& l% M4 a) |+ b& W
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 m4 X( s9 K; Q3 }. N- h
123. Boycott of legislative bodies* g! j% h: ~( k/ ~5 q+ N& j
124. Boycott of elections Y1 H# m+ l! L2 @4 Q7 P
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 T, L3 H. J/ p2 i) v 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies& q* x- j# s0 S# ~- D8 I
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- P0 T5 m* s) g# w% n& ?, D 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' h8 F4 c: h0 D6 b- \- P
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ e9 D$ X3 X% m7 W" T7 I 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ I* E9 u) P7 ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ t2 g/ X; r9 w/ U. v
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ D% M& I( e7 {# J" I
4 H, [# {# Y/ @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, t$ q3 G& v, I" J$ `4 Y3 b 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( B2 M/ S7 l9 C. q 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 b1 c$ c) [5 {# k) X* V I, y4 O
135. Popular nonobedience. T; ]) }3 s5 y4 k$ n* D! X" v0 ~
136. Disguised disobedience" |- {$ v& B6 q. e
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse. M5 k+ {+ P% ?
138. Sitdown
! V4 |) s0 ~' t+ ] 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: T3 |0 A% `1 K 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) l. `: {2 a5 \" e% o" b+ w' J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
- C# T6 x! i6 U/ g+ p8 W# Q8 d
. t7 Q& [( U) O" IAction by Government Personnel
0 f1 a+ c+ H( Q, x: @ W- Z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 K' { [$ j y1 S 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* a% S4 M4 G7 ?2 l: N 144. Stalling and obstruction) c' ?8 k' E, ^' P
145. General administrative noncooperation% V: ]/ l/ P8 Q, X8 J ~8 g
0 _# w/ j: [: x6 `/ z2 z! k 146. Judicial noncooperation
+ n) o4 W% H1 d# n" a& B, [2 b 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 s n3 t6 _& U j 148. Mutiny6 Z9 h( E. b6 _. L* l
Domestic Governmental Action2 k. c( L; [1 ]7 k
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ w* Z* Q+ R' O6 `: r) |3 C' c5 ?
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! E- Z X# F1 A5 ]* F. ?
( _/ G3 T: _3 A9 j+ E$ mInternational Governmental Action/ ]' V8 j9 q& c
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: X1 e/ v8 T: C2 t( ]! _ H- z* ^
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 X5 {& s8 ?4 t; ^9 ^& [% X 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 f$ f7 m0 V, A 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
, S b4 j- a8 r9 {6 z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 q5 i& x; H) n+ e 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 S( j- c9 k" H' o8 I9 C+ m
157. Expulsion from international organizations
1 g; E9 \' Q l _
1 `0 t8 ~! z! V' k0 e; g' z) p4 A8 P ! q$ v7 v- O, h4 ^
- Y' _6 f9 g, {( h: F7 kTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, Q$ L7 s/ _# r1 [2 x |
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Psychological Intervention
3 V2 b. r- ~1 {- y0 P 158. Self-exposure to the elements0 g- L. c' F d3 ]
159. The fast1 j% `4 [1 v$ y6 c2 q3 a7 }
a) Fast of moral pressure
}7 F, H3 x) G: i! R% m, Q8 ~9 ^ b) Hunger strike2 |5 E% [- j C8 h, n8 m
c) Satyagrahic fast
w6 h) `; U4 @" F4 ?, I 160. Reverse trial
2 c2 A+ W+ q& M7 x# b 161. Nonviolent harassment
7 i) h0 {6 K. w$ v1 x5 U0 p* Q% R6 B* d2 m
Physical Intervention
3 Y, g/ Y. ?* L" T& Z4 o8 f& ^. ] 162. Sit-in- v* ~& v' P$ {+ i7 p X
163. Stand-in) n5 G9 n6 ~& U" O5 ?- F2 C' u
164. Ride-in
3 ?6 r- a( Y! u& Q# t& H& ? 165. Wade-in
$ p) Y$ c) }0 M: N: t* H 166. Mill-in, b8 i2 r9 E' G: L. q) d
167. Pray-in
/ L# C4 W: w5 w! T0 R: [ [ 168. Nonviolent raids
# u( ^1 J8 W9 @/ p3 y8 |9 G0 ]7 e4 u 169. Nonviolent air raids
5 Q c% m" m. S& t/ I 170. Nonviolent invasion
$ x' C/ |1 ?3 T8 ^9 K3 S 171. Nonviolent interjection& J8 A( u* N3 j+ g9 P1 b
172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 a$ V- V, G' M6 s( T4 Y9 W& e0 w* V: t 173. Nonviolent occupation
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6 i; U9 r; ]8 q6 V: d7 p+ BSocial Intervention
9 D. t( ^9 b& x1 W% I8 o: i, C; {' x 174. Establishing new social patterns
# {8 g; K& S. m6 M$ ^# N* E [* c 175. Overloading of facilities& _; ~+ O5 y1 T& \! X
176. Stall-in% o( f8 n5 y6 h
177. Speak-in3 ~1 A$ V( ?$ A V1 g: Y
178. Guerrilla theater- [+ ~6 m; F* u
179. Alternative social institutions
5 m5 E/ t# U; O- b2 \" Z. c 180. Alternative communication system+ _+ b/ `% e b3 b! g! Y; |/ i! O" j
8 V; _9 ]; g# G7 o7 `5 Z* `- Y
Economic Intervention# t* C; P# F, o7 ^+ w/ t
181. Reverse strike
, t: a- t5 ]) @/ H: O 182. Stay-in strike: G; Z1 Z8 p+ G$ [* x
183. Nonviolent land seizure
! [5 ]6 v8 t# u1 l5 Q# P5 U! h( l0 U 184. Defiance of blockades
0 N5 q9 z) L: c# x5 D0 n$ ]0 | 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 E: D6 R( h% R- N4 G N
186. Preclusive purchasing
! _3 z0 n; u- [ 187. Seizure of assets8 u+ s9 p) {8 G2 Z) I/ o, P
188. Dumping
: B# f: X- h8 _# ]* H h% C 189. Selective patronage" l' T3 f" G' w/ n, R
190. Alternative markets7 C* ~& b5 ~) L2 f8 \3 r% D" v
191. Alternative transportation systems5 r1 r4 L" m0 R. O1 J
192. Alternative economic institutions! b+ o% M; Y0 d1 S
% `2 ` A, w$ |6 kPolitical Intervention
/ i$ n4 v0 V( ^+ K+ s 193. Overloading of administrative systems9 `& ?2 Z/ o8 o5 j% N& B: i9 p
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents2 ?7 w5 t2 C( Y. H0 N5 d! }
195. Seeking imprisonment% p: J0 W) C0 a- @: _/ @
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; G1 I4 |0 A* n; J
197. Work-on without collaboration+ I, t" t& F, {8 z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. y" C5 g2 H3 d! b! _
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
