 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" c0 p9 ^" i- T; m
Formal Statements4 H4 M1 n0 p; {2 P" V
1. Public Speeches
7 \) j E! i" E* R 2. Letters of opposition or support
4 p9 ^4 r+ B9 p1 G m& Q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, r% I, [! f: \0 h& J( w 4. Signed public statements
7 o( f! ?4 j$ H 5. Declarations of indictment and intention) E+ T/ g3 p1 Z
6. Group or mass petitions% H. e- ]2 f6 x9 |
8 E0 s& n# H. H
Communications with a Wider Audience
: U& i( b0 G4 R% T9 q 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ Y4 Q$ [2 I" x5 p9 l' q
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ K% }- U! p$ f; \% d0 ]7 H
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ j, T- C/ w3 I: z3 Z
10. Newspapers and journals
2 `4 R7 o. N2 J) Z" M 11. Records, radio, and television7 L( I/ ~ \# |2 O$ Q+ f1 b
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
; @' R* G' z: ?' z: W% M5 a$ M: h- K3 @+ a
Group Representations
, B( M: P/ e3 ~; i& c i: ?5 e& I 13. Deputations0 `7 o- _0 E5 q/ P3 j; ?8 g6 S
14. Mock awards
5 Y4 |: D. M u7 R4 s. P2 n 15. Group lobbying) I* j, L' h2 e
16. Picketing
2 r9 N! v/ w' H% ~& g, Z/ m$ n 17. Mock elections! T6 g+ t/ Z8 f9 o8 S3 p8 l" V) y
/ c, B3 S/ _/ ~8 n9 u
Symbolic Public Acts
2 Q& q9 N6 J0 T( K- L3 l 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 P# B) \$ v6 u3 G$ b# w9 K 19. Wearing of symbols
q5 W+ M4 z7 I0 I8 Z6 I; N 20. Prayer and worship
* K: h% D9 c h2 s# X 21. Delivering symbolic objects; E, G: ]' T7 X# @0 X: E
22. Protest disrobings
( K* O. V( P8 h$ Y5 ? 23. Destruction of own property
, x1 f3 o* c( J0 ~ 24. Symbolic lights" Y/ i, F; Q# R
25. Displays of portraits
# G$ B1 w4 `+ ] g* V& I6 O. t 26. Paint as protest
7 P+ m2 S5 l( U' _4 ` 27. New signs and names: `- l, Y/ b; _
28. Symbolic sounds2 x3 \/ Q+ \- k/ a: E2 n% w
29. Symbolic reclamations
7 I. ~6 v% ~2 z- m 30. Rude gestures
8 h' H. U& j% Z6 A+ a- w- c* {5 p2 Y, a1 V, x4 n
Pressures on Individuals
# ~, P: s+ |+ k ^; ~1 g 31. “Haunting” officials. o4 m1 p) c4 h4 k' u0 R
32. Taunting officials
+ O8 {" b& O4 r+ G 33. Fraternization
, D5 W/ n/ o: a' ~- o% W0 n8 w% K 34. Vigils( T1 k% v! s+ S# {4 s
: t0 F' x) k( CDrama and Music c4 s- U. y1 z8 q
35. Humorous skits and pranks
1 U" B3 Z. S$ X" J5 h4 i 36. Performances of plays and music- N4 g/ _1 E. Y# _9 }$ e: Z+ F( T
37. Singing
( n: y$ Y2 n: @% w/ L/ \* Y" R: w; K- f) ^ z1 r, X4 B# S
Processions
3 C2 ^% E7 S+ i 38. Marches
8 o2 i& k6 _4 W& T7 Y6 Q 39. Parades c! S" F% e3 Y* \# d' Q
40. Religious processions' H9 T$ R0 n, w- [' B0 d* I2 l
41. Pilgrimages
3 v4 }8 E+ a" F 42. Motorcades2 c& D$ F& U g. b6 E. r
/ y a2 m) C, {' n3 L# GHonoring the Dead
9 f7 i+ l2 @ M( w y D1 v8 W 43. Political mourning
4 S4 U4 p3 }/ D3 `) X 44. Mock funerals' F0 T9 s3 l2 R. N5 D* S
45. Demonstrative funerals
9 \% S7 n+ p3 Y 46. Homage at burial places) o6 d9 V6 \ @, p% c
# z; ?% y3 k V) e" R, R* V' [% O: BPublic Assemblies' o* ?4 V6 H$ K0 t
47. Assemblies of protest or support! `% U+ `% ^) m& i3 B$ J* G* a
48. Protest meetings5 O* B1 G- K( y
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 L. a" |7 L: d; f 50. Teach-ins" @3 V) { B3 S0 y
$ P% ?, @4 F7 r* ~+ N, a9 \* f% Z" v
Withdrawal and Renunciation
/ l# O8 d J# ] Z% x 51. Walk-outs4 r8 W7 i% W/ ?+ z& O' Q
52. Silence
# C o8 R! T) K5 t# a2 x 53. Renouncing honors( g3 h, U. n* Z8 d. f. ]& P# q6 V+ h+ o
54. Turning one’s back- ?9 S* j1 E p4 I" q- o; B2 p: s
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. r) x* s. N8 h& E0 T% bTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 [, [" [' I4 v7 a: ^
( p5 V: p$ ?6 e( v6 e8 }
' q ?3 E$ q9 _
' Q$ D8 |5 K2 HOstracism of Persons
5 _: t b" k- n8 p; r2 O 55. Social boycott
3 Y# n1 M2 k3 v3 v6 I7 M 56. Selective social boycott
4 n" \, x2 j4 M( Y9 n+ s3 ^ 57. Lysistratic nonaction% m& Q1 a ?- w; x' h+ z/ t
58. Excommunication ]$ T5 d, E- g, c! H/ |9 O
59. Interdict
9 S3 s# {$ I4 X0 W e% Q A' R4 h! {. Z O
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' ^4 {5 F! y1 x 60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 ^, V+ M$ S2 E0 _/ q8 J
61. Boycott of social affairs! |+ n) ]- ~9 z# H% {
62. Student strike
+ \: z/ h' a3 c 63. Social disobedience# S7 f% u4 i6 ]* Z6 @3 y3 }) F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
3 k5 j8 C4 A/ F, y' s
) [3 j1 o0 |5 V4 `- NWithdrawal from the Social System8 {2 L# q0 u4 |% c5 G5 n% C }9 d
65. Stay-at-home
% P$ _) M% h) n 66. Total personal noncooperation3 y3 \2 m. U: {% K# @ s
67. “Flight” of workers5 H, O2 i- L8 D
68. Sanctuary6 H# S. @4 S) z
69. Collective disappearance8 o( Q8 }. p d: N- C, @/ d' E
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
9 B9 K8 s# L% \( Q, V* y. W6 @7 i% O" g* }5 k% Z9 ^0 a7 Y; l- C( P
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2 `2 `) f9 i0 i4 c# d7 o
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 |& H2 }7 K5 ^$ |1 o4 m, T) Z
) k2 C+ u, V, i. t( \1 Y # g1 w" x% T6 B, {
Actions by Consumers) D7 S9 i5 i% d, `! |7 R" T
71. Consumers’ boycott
% b9 p( I8 {0 c, F( W 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
4 U! d7 b+ I+ `$ p 73. Policy of austerity& \8 {& D I7 ?0 J) W/ f" e0 d( h6 n
74. Rent withholding0 U E; L+ I; ]9 J V7 Y b/ R
75. Refusal to rent% I( B' Q* q3 H# ^4 n
76. National consumers’ boycott
; @: k' }5 T: k0 e* ^ 77. International consumers’ boycott
" t' Q, f7 f a8 ~+ ?
* _( l# S0 _' Q" {Action by Workers and Producers& y$ g' _8 w2 Z) ]9 F/ L) o
78. Workmen’s boycott
! A7 L# v) S q; E: X2 q 79. Producers’ boycott
2 ]" }0 Y E8 D3 b+ `. ?
+ E3 g7 }: \" [9 U4 cAction by Middlemen* m2 f/ A# Z& @. R( q4 X
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# b: D1 @% k! U7 y1 v; \- B
) B; D# @' r) R! Y* j( k7 RAction by Owners and Management+ C3 X/ L2 g; {; O. X, T
81. Traders’ boycott
# X' G& j- O; B3 b! m5 a 82. Refusal to let or sell property
4 c9 U; h: `$ O" k+ [ 83. Lockout
0 W5 T- F2 _- s" ]0 Z+ V 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ _5 f; k: V `+ b0 g7 c5 R 85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ H/ r o; r) b* k) l
9 ~* F$ v* ^9 T- y. eAction by Holders of Financial Resources
1 a* `5 `0 H4 f 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
* K5 _/ _' O6 k4 ^ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ r. D. j* D7 [. a: Z+ x
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest. D% U; I! P5 X# `
89. Severance of funds and credit
X1 K* }* P: a2 G, ?; D 90. Revenue refusal
! A7 g8 c4 W ]$ K( {( ]1 m( p& J 91. Refusal of a government’s money- S1 U) T2 M! k( o$ G
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Action by Governments, }) i0 U5 K; ]: |1 ?2 [
92. Domestic embargo
8 ~, y% \/ P+ b 93. Blacklisting of traders
* q$ v% D9 s( z" c$ f0 l 94. International sellers’ embargo9 c! g* x t/ t
95. International buyers’ embargo0 @. k9 z0 K* J0 X/ @
96. International trade embargo$ l9 U; q* n/ T% T8 n5 d
0 c" W# X5 u% S/ ~$ ^6 j4 Y* m( }$ d : |6 u0 t j% y" l
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- O) K$ [; x8 [! c
4 A6 W- m) w, s
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Symbolic Strikes# F7 b9 w _3 K+ }+ h
97. Protest strike
4 X! n+ o; e" s0 C! ` 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 S* ]; c- l g. z7 k0 D+ D% @+ Z. x7 z! H& i. p
Agricultural Strikes
( ]* J5 S; Y8 m 99. Peasant strike$ }- D8 ~; X( [) o3 j+ L5 y' R
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ h6 e) [$ o1 ^% z2 L
" ]0 h6 k v" \& `
Strikes by Special Groups5 X. {- f2 i1 x
101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ C$ K1 G& X' E7 O* | 102. Prisoners’ strike
8 I! t+ P3 }! K, ` 103. Craft strike) W$ g# D. u4 I$ `: j
104. Professional strike+ S- h! N8 K: @) c
# V% K5 [9 m/ Q1 w& B2 T
Ordinary Industrial Strikes9 Z* D: T) h- G8 f. ]1 t
105. Establishment strike
& M+ i: M! j+ i 106. Industry strike) \ x8 N( H$ w6 Y4 n4 ?. x# y
107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes
1 D1 t% ~. h) I# l1 T 108. Detailed strike" o7 E+ t( ^7 v* {) X5 `
109. Bumper strike
8 ~' D' R2 D+ [5 b- m( | 110. Slowdown strike
" F, D! J. b7 o, [. k- V 111. Working-to-rule strike( R3 q2 ^4 s) D u/ R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 x* V: Y7 X+ Q4 R" H, k
113. Strike by resignation
5 K+ r. P J$ \/ b% j [ 114. Limited strike
- K8 M s/ b! R' B7 h1 ~3 T; Y 115. Selective strike
7 W @$ \* y# Z: k- c. ?& R: U, D- l: C6 ~1 l' U9 A
Multi-Industry Strikes
- |0 E5 s! g/ H" a* r9 l+ n7 L4 P( U" ^2 F n8 N/ V
116. Generalized strike
1 e) d; q. R" h+ M* v$ @9 {& R( f9 k
117. General strike4 Y& |0 u3 Q8 Q6 y' y; c9 U
5 `9 [. \; q7 F9 q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures# U+ | i3 m, _2 s5 l
$ C% O; B3 W& T0 ^ 118. Hartal
: _; Q( [- Y# \
% B8 i7 ~3 f: l/ i# W 119. Economic shutdown) I& S; w0 n q% P
9 z5 n" c$ t6 C& R$ ] # ~9 B" R& g" I. E# Y4 y$ t
- G1 b( m" e0 T% D" pTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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# v- f1 g, o, |Rejection of Authority
J- ]6 e$ _# u: s 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 j$ z/ i5 ^+ P- ? 121. Refusal of public support
" O) L3 R, t# z; a 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance( v) c" W% a0 Q) V' x( t3 ^, U
- w# n& z( H3 E% h
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
( N4 J% J- g" P2 t) F; \ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 M. R( W o8 a0 Z/ k 124. Boycott of elections
7 |% }5 Z# n3 w! a, p$ Q$ f' a 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- ~: f. O( g2 d1 X8 v 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 O! q" |* R6 n- ]8 _( | 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# E7 E; k9 L3 [) g 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations9 T/ \* O$ m" }$ p/ h4 \- A C6 w
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) ^0 T2 ?, ?+ \: G9 x5 E
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& N. w5 t E; v
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- U8 k% C+ ~- {) B8 b% F9 \ Z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: C9 x# G; T6 T% X8 y
1 ^- m* r. J; O1 c' R6 k7 `! nCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
3 g5 u" ^( V8 z7 D 133. Reluctant and slow compliance. w* m4 ?4 X9 b
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& w# R# j) }, e" H- W2 |9 Q 135. Popular nonobedience. I- Q% l) C* |" C7 l$ p/ ^ F
136. Disguised disobedience5 G- u, E% R- c9 v
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# E& S1 U* X! M9 L* z
138. Sitdown
# ^1 d8 N1 L Y9 ?& f- V 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 Y% F6 w% P. a7 N+ y+ _8 T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
8 `3 j* T; f# n9 c" v; Z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
7 `% H# Q0 L. ]# ~7 l: f8 O) b/ Z f- F6 f/ M4 X. I: h; O' }
Action by Government Personnel2 L u$ R* V x2 d" e' C
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 E, i, H f6 ^. j 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 m9 C1 P( O# I% b. e 144. Stalling and obstruction
; D1 Y6 c/ l! B0 h \: X 145. General administrative noncooperation' V9 b: z5 X% I% [# `8 G- V
% D; q9 j# q/ ^# y+ r/ Z- Z 146. Judicial noncooperation
& ]9 V$ P9 p5 b2 e8 H# D 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 v, f! U5 d8 q- f& [0 Y
148. Mutiny# ^0 |! x7 B- G7 Y9 P
Domestic Governmental Action! Y) X0 s& z4 o3 y& M, T
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 M) U2 l6 ?% \
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
% e$ ], c* P4 W+ e- a: `0 P& d
. [ C7 N% p/ z5 NInternational Governmental Action
8 l- i9 K H) W* K, w2 \& k9 T+ F 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; K" G, \5 v' I3 x; T% z 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& e; l6 Q1 ]4 L 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition7 s, y, _) x* j& t# ?5 P1 C" K
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 i% U6 A8 `3 }2 {2 A! C 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
) a6 w' e% g4 ]: {9 c: |4 X- f 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) ~. B6 Q4 }, V
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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2 D2 M& l: [# R) ?! ^/ N; } bTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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& @! ~' E) ^1 _4 _$ SPsychological Intervention
: k7 o" c4 _& }( i1 \ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 M: h5 l1 o% a2 r" k- t! ` 159. The fast8 j6 l. R7 @4 G
a) Fast of moral pressure" H6 Z# _3 d$ i( L8 e. H1 O
b) Hunger strike
% j9 \# U2 H; o& |4 H' P8 Z2 w c) Satyagrahic fast/ U; C4 Y- v8 ]8 o6 l2 [
160. Reverse trial
2 n8 I$ V# `9 k: t% H# w: s! t$ E 161. Nonviolent harassment+ p1 N, ^$ {5 Y- m/ N0 J+ O' w3 P' C
+ ]2 h- _# J5 a' K' KPhysical Intervention' u* u) k! m' [9 c. l" T
162. Sit-in
/ Y$ ^: E8 D# j! d& O3 c 163. Stand-in
; v7 d/ Y: k7 R% X3 H, l, ?6 t3 V 164. Ride-in$ u& Z. h4 M* Y/ T
165. Wade-in* b( J M7 H4 q+ r( k
166. Mill-in
$ s7 Y4 h% T9 M% {' p 167. Pray-in
X W' b j s1 u6 p 168. Nonviolent raids
3 ^: X' r* [/ M) I* e" X 169. Nonviolent air raids! g& r) ]" {! P: s& ^
170. Nonviolent invasion+ I1 m. _. W" w t
171. Nonviolent interjection% ?! Y+ w; h R" z
172. Nonviolent obstruction) r, u g) N- H2 e
173. Nonviolent occupation
2 D: `# N' Q; E t+ F8 _
& u4 ^, d; G9 |, ]2 E6 s' m* ^6 a% `Social Intervention
6 V I. P$ `: ?0 L g 174. Establishing new social patterns$ ]5 j1 ]' E# s* G3 r. [
175. Overloading of facilities
1 J% K) r! M; ~7 t* [ 176. Stall-in
" U, f+ S/ q3 s 177. Speak-in
3 R. P! R% s& q+ f' j' [2 s# A. u 178. Guerrilla theater
/ i+ O& @: T# Y, G( P d ?$ k H 179. Alternative social institutions
$ |; o( `7 L9 E) V0 M5 R& i 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention" n- x; c% C. K% W
181. Reverse strike
2 K6 b$ A( F4 v c# C5 g 182. Stay-in strike2 W4 W" G: C/ x* u( S8 _
183. Nonviolent land seizure2 l5 I6 f$ T1 @6 ~% d
184. Defiance of blockades: U1 Y: W- Y# o
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 G+ P+ m0 n% m2 q: K, p 186. Preclusive purchasing
3 t* T) l; |# ~, |4 c( [ 187. Seizure of assets5 e3 u& B7 I) N+ \* R
188. Dumping+ t, y0 ^ B. [$ X4 b7 k
189. Selective patronage2 ~7 z6 j2 C, ?2 R2 j
190. Alternative markets
) z9 X9 e! p5 A" s7 e 191. Alternative transportation systems
- w9 C+ p- P: s( b 192. Alternative economic institutions" R7 M! |! {. S
% [ z/ E6 Y( w$ N' l9 H
Political Intervention2 F5 ~+ x; ]& _1 B
193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 [! }; Z5 g j7 o9 K& A+ l# p 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; I) r2 h5 x4 H$ F% e9 u6 @( p
195. Seeking imprisonment
1 ]5 X( N- E% E 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, i' d0 O8 n8 P 197. Work-on without collaboration
& o# H; Y, g! |6 ~9 }: ~) o 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
