 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% V' V6 ?# ~7 Z$ o& Z2 {Formal Statements5 t7 h" I. x7 y |: p
1. Public Speeches4 m+ S5 l& S1 ~/ Z. N2 q
2. Letters of opposition or support3 t; z" |, P- G$ r
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& C5 X) o8 G$ C 4. Signed public statements# Z( }& I& y. H( K$ \
5. Declarations of indictment and intention: Y9 S5 n3 r: ^7 d
6. Group or mass petitions
; n2 A1 t8 |' _. g% ?- D( Q% G# Y8 P' V8 _' M
Communications with a Wider Audience
w; h8 g. \+ D! g% W( C 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ w6 P& N% t" L3 w
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: T, [8 w$ h! e; c7 ~ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" a8 N) a# h q; S$ b3 W
10. Newspapers and journals
8 ?" i7 D7 }1 J( O! Z 11. Records, radio, and television/ t" T3 g* X: L+ J8 S4 k* X
12. Skywriting and earthwriting# O& E0 r; w. z* {2 c4 V* y
/ d! _) \6 [( [- s# ~Group Representations1 g) h2 F# w/ [ R2 \. j
13. Deputations! Z' M# q* t h4 @3 T3 ?
14. Mock awards1 S9 j8 t& p! {4 S
15. Group lobbying$ J' b3 Y; `8 D9 _3 o" @
16. Picketing e8 t: s, v; p' y. N- P
17. Mock elections7 Q2 i3 R* t3 N6 z" A- F. A
0 A$ b1 p1 O: W
Symbolic Public Acts
! M! `5 S! H6 `* ^4 H9 Z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, F' ~; @/ k. U7 z 19. Wearing of symbols' c' f! M" M U2 p6 u* m" Q, }
20. Prayer and worship1 p( ?( A& H: e C- R2 W
21. Delivering symbolic objects: Q4 v% K" y7 H7 [ Z
22. Protest disrobings
0 p; H2 n: j- x7 f 23. Destruction of own property+ Q+ U: _& c' C0 c! \) r
24. Symbolic lights2 {- ?/ F. ]# Q, m* Z
25. Displays of portraits( J! \+ k W# T$ \2 U
26. Paint as protest
$ ~: S3 d" V( Q3 t, q' I" F9 w: b- s9 C 27. New signs and names7 R4 P/ ?% r$ K+ x- I: Q# S) g& r, k
28. Symbolic sounds
) h2 a% U" A& B" c 29. Symbolic reclamations
0 h( y0 c( G% h5 P6 G8 ^. [+ k$ J 30. Rude gestures% g* W5 H4 y. H% {5 n6 D
; _- N; u4 o# O0 b$ hPressures on Individuals1 A/ b6 B7 j) N/ {; o# [0 X5 b7 F5 e
31. “Haunting” officials; y" @. |) Z3 e8 w9 H8 N: g
32. Taunting officials
5 b) _# L; }5 @# I/ u a+ K 33. Fraternization
% O2 o2 L7 s2 u; W. g# f! O* o 34. Vigils1 _# _0 o& q7 k' V0 s6 B# ?
5 P, L9 a+ M7 R4 C" |
Drama and Music
4 y9 D8 k v- u! c 35. Humorous skits and pranks, ^- `/ p7 R0 O
36. Performances of plays and music6 h+ C& f( }4 i! n! K: G
37. Singing) |& B w& `, s+ O* X
3 n- W& ~0 T8 t
Processions" B# H, S, @9 a( u* d0 J
38. Marches
! X* I1 Z$ W3 W f% `; G [- d 39. Parades$ e1 i4 P: z/ S! Z% i
40. Religious processions+ S: f' r$ ~, U/ V- W
41. Pilgrimages. q, x5 i+ N$ _! v7 c0 r0 E/ r
42. Motorcades3 U- s# ^) ~& |6 @4 w) a
0 z# K& i( X& U5 C! V
Honoring the Dead
/ o# Q% q8 I# {) q6 t) A 43. Political mourning7 g( L/ \- P, n9 F
44. Mock funerals
9 Z3 v4 D( m3 S1 y5 B 45. Demonstrative funerals- |+ T' F) N. G0 z& M
46. Homage at burial places4 B+ v4 [9 M0 d2 B
. @, @- f- L: D4 v+ JPublic Assemblies
- t3 v2 g5 `% o. @3 ]# E7 F 47. Assemblies of protest or support
: t: L: t& Z1 h7 y: | 48. Protest meetings
* X% D w5 u) e0 v8 W# z& W2 v 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 C! j- T6 L4 _# r& j
50. Teach-ins6 V# ~4 P1 S% |$ R8 s( T
( y4 |2 C2 e+ {! I& H
Withdrawal and Renunciation# P3 V; E0 s( ?7 M o4 V6 D; J3 V
51. Walk-outs. g) Y4 B/ ?0 X
52. Silence! `; h1 m, B! ~" ~
53. Renouncing honors4 k1 } Q9 w v5 z4 r, j( h& p
54. Turning one’s back
6 ?" y! \$ W! s& Y
7 x$ G/ ~/ T; q" { j8 C& _# ? x6 W, M8 J - R d- {5 `+ W$ x& c$ H; ~& r- M
) k ?8 r# l8 o3 r6 d
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
* O8 x; a8 v* x2 S/ G. d7 T5 {+ [4 W u+ {
0 P& G+ n7 {( ]- \2 x$ L! h! }+ I, O' e" V* C$ u
Ostracism of Persons" ^* K, C& _ ^! B
55. Social boycott
; s4 i1 E9 Q3 S; F 56. Selective social boycott5 t4 |9 G3 G2 Z& T: l
57. Lysistratic nonaction
' R7 j }3 H2 i$ [ 58. Excommunication% i! _+ H' @6 S0 X+ ^
59. Interdict
7 B, B: _) n6 X2 c# V. W: I0 N) C1 g: f4 }
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# J* |7 C% b0 f8 U
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ L4 z# j( J1 m5 j W 61. Boycott of social affairs9 r; E4 p5 p* F9 F1 d+ B' P2 T
62. Student strike5 i ^5 o! H5 y
63. Social disobedience
( E2 Q9 G1 m- }- K1 i/ A$ A3 R 64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 P% y$ K* g; m, L$ v/ T
/ a" L/ ?3 ~1 e" W
Withdrawal from the Social System
( c% K3 [" i' l7 S% y; ] 65. Stay-at-home+ J; H4 U; w& b h% n
66. Total personal noncooperation5 o$ V) h/ `9 N, Q: b% H
67. “Flight” of workers( w" J* q, q! z4 W) E8 V3 @
68. Sanctuary
* |4 p5 n' ~7 v! P 69. Collective disappearance0 a! }9 T8 c8 q# T3 `
70. Protest emigration (hijrat). i. Z1 ?/ j( R" N
: A" E: s2 b. V! Z: ?5 P: x & h4 {5 |. U: y- _9 v0 s3 q$ ]
% d+ t g. A" Q, ^6 t1 UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
2 ]. ^# o: H8 z6 @6 F. s9 n$ I9 E" ]) m+ `* U1 L: l- N+ l3 p" V
6 m Z. R& ?* F! t, `" hActions by Consumers
: j$ W- z0 @" T# j. A1 F) b 71. Consumers’ boycott
! r* n3 q" t, u0 L6 D 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' ?) k z7 L3 U- R% ~2 K8 f1 g 73. Policy of austerity
& U, ]/ |% A5 _2 L# n+ l 74. Rent withholding: M9 Q" R" ~3 Y6 c* a
75. Refusal to rent
}8 C) c4 k9 a5 r/ y q/ ]+ x 76. National consumers’ boycott
1 ^ Z8 e5 ?) d/ O8 @* b 77. International consumers’ boycott
/ |! r: w+ A4 h' @& x. {
, u6 X( t% A3 Q4 e; [Action by Workers and Producers$ }2 T) n3 o9 Y6 R, w" C/ C
78. Workmen’s boycott! m7 M3 [: S& u& M0 c: @/ t3 t4 `
79. Producers’ boycott& n7 v/ i/ ~* {. @& Q2 `, r
. b6 H& t# _ p! w, M1 L
Action by Middlemen# Z3 o) {9 [% a9 K
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& |9 z2 c; t2 K' D
! f1 M4 [8 w% s! u" }, ~; ZAction by Owners and Management
B3 i8 s n. t) g+ m; ? 81. Traders’ boycott. m2 t! y1 U# h9 Z, B
82. Refusal to let or sell property R/ p8 `9 q; z- R" b- M
83. Lockout1 k) p- n1 l2 L% Y* }, V% k
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' T/ @# B6 ^, K; z 85. Merchants’ “general strike”. B2 `& v9 |" F2 S; |
; V2 T ~2 Z, G8 u- R3 a
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
; @( ?& _0 r) E* b 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 T6 T+ C( j9 @3 y; ?# Q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) F8 A; I ^/ ~& J. k& [
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
' x# i" I1 W; N5 j 89. Severance of funds and credit, [$ H$ z. }5 C) x
90. Revenue refusal( \* u, s* X( c, e
91. Refusal of a government’s money' T5 W) H0 r; L* O: z9 L: X
( E0 M' q" F( s/ |" H3 S+ d
Action by Governments
/ y/ _- c, J$ a- \2 i0 A! _ 92. Domestic embargo/ i$ R5 T. f# L% D* Y9 }: C
93. Blacklisting of traders2 B* k: N# J- P. r6 k9 v
94. International sellers’ embargo% i7 j: b# } _# R' O1 Z) g
95. International buyers’ embargo
t! l7 i! B5 e9 _ 96. International trade embargo6 E7 F0 @) Y5 d" U4 n, ?/ N
h6 D- Y$ ^% Z6 g; _ 9 M! o) P4 f& \) [
- L7 e' [' {% T+ I
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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# I6 C& T4 F6 Q5 j. xSymbolic Strikes
% T! I+ Q2 g4 s+ [) D: ` 97. Protest strike, S8 N$ C! ^7 n: U$ q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 P; x: L( F% S& o1 c$ a, w: R
9 W4 j8 A! ]9 o& e0 E! P6 A
Agricultural Strikes9 d# x/ \+ q( I# C3 i0 M) ^% Y7 N
99. Peasant strike
1 H" h9 W1 |9 N 100. Farm Workers’ strike
& X2 w( G9 W9 K9 v" U: O
: Y4 E p% D. MStrikes by Special Groups+ z+ @. j* ~! i7 K, r$ l$ B$ Z
101. Refusal of impressed labor D) |# V3 H7 a( o5 r" M, {4 E
102. Prisoners’ strike
! c# @* I+ ]+ \" T2 X' V; W 103. Craft strike
/ N$ @% P4 ~0 s, J2 N 104. Professional strike
5 l, C% W) K- `/ p. u8 U4 n5 o. r& H# F9 X: ~ R! g# R2 p4 C
Ordinary Industrial Strikes; K& h q' m* O; v- j( \8 |
105. Establishment strike. m8 u* i( g3 O+ s
106. Industry strike, y7 k1 m/ L- ~8 J
107. Sympathetic strike: g: i z' N% c9 i# x3 b+ n
, E- p% ^% O: r. lRestricted Strikes
V% d% ?3 X m! s 108. Detailed strike6 o' I8 @, k' l1 j
109. Bumper strike
% o5 D; o2 Q6 O( z- g 110. Slowdown strike2 [; Z( H+ Z2 |/ `1 w
111. Working-to-rule strike
# X: l. O1 ?" ^7 e 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* T- o( K- Q( O3 v& j 113. Strike by resignation. k$ K- }# [+ [ }" k' k
114. Limited strike( I+ u' D+ {( w# v( E/ _& [
115. Selective strike
: W9 e8 n: R0 W7 r: S) A( Y% e6 x. V' Z
Multi-Industry Strikes. {! j' B9 V6 c6 R2 B, a
* X/ k$ k8 z4 q3 D$ J1 y' T
116. Generalized strike' Z# I# e0 S# q w, T5 {2 f
8 `# Y/ |8 ]0 T4 i9 b
117. General strike
) c# P9 ~! L# W1 M1 o! [- C1 b A3 c- D: Z) Y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ }) Q7 ^( U" X& g: G& f8 z. t t, w$ m
118. Hartal
/ k6 s8 I$ t, J( V( [4 o8 ~0 ~( d$ {( o" \9 \" B r- c' P
119. Economic shutdown
* i3 {% l d9 ]& |. P8 J; P8 Z6 \
$ @ `6 g% c: d' r8 V- {
7 W$ D+ F% A+ P. o6 Q9 T, p( \# e
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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7 c1 R' w" @% N# K, D0 I1 C7 A9 M2 j & M2 [/ O# I# p
Rejection of Authority
8 ]1 p7 \( @) J8 U 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 U/ n4 }' s/ a1 j 121. Refusal of public support O8 M8 B! n" S/ r; o
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' u9 @- U, G. c! `( y1 t
5 s6 E0 K2 d7 m# e* M5 ICitizens’ Noncooperation with Government# a. \- K4 C3 i: N9 A+ d) W7 t5 P
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; p5 i# \( ^$ n3 ~4 x 124. Boycott of elections
7 m" y) E o! u Q% l' r 125. Boycott of government employment and positions- r" T, T4 E1 Y7 F9 h* R
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, q. h+ v- l- y- Y1 z9 y0 d0 E 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 @% u, e8 \, {5 s( K2 O$ \
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& O! Z! q+ _- A, t+ \/ R; Y8 n1 H 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% `9 z$ H" c+ ?% k: w
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- C) \; B! j( u9 v
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ X3 q) Z. S& c: Q# z7 s& ^+ B! B 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
/ `4 U1 e( Y$ t/ R1 @6 k) Z; s8 P* K; @3 M$ }" }7 c) g9 c' a9 F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; L4 ]/ l3 h& @0 ]5 u6 n X( h
133. Reluctant and slow compliance( i' X0 K. ~$ b+ A- o
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 Y3 l+ c& W: \6 a! }
135. Popular nonobedience9 B* T' ^8 C9 {* C% r0 Z
136. Disguised disobedience
, T5 F6 d1 C) `7 h$ g 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 k' {4 }- T$ u" f# J3 D& ? 138. Sitdown
, v$ J! _; M- r' S+ W 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ Z3 h: P( Q- G+ x
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 W) p/ T. V$ k6 B$ B8 N 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 L5 S2 b$ ^% U: F/ S- |( B
2 q- c+ _; c4 Z7 Q( [. bAction by Government Personnel) P' C* q% V' T; Z; G9 `
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# E: ~$ `; p+ ^
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' @0 C; H4 a5 P- ]* S 144. Stalling and obstruction
; f6 S3 ^' C8 l. f# p, T 145. General administrative noncooperation( W; \" F3 H8 h$ n. q' D6 C+ z
( q9 D* r0 w; K1 [ 146. Judicial noncooperation! L& o; i9 k& P; w' F9 P# C
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. [$ Z/ z3 c" u1 v 148. Mutiny& @. R2 W* o( A9 m( K" s
Domestic Governmental Action
' x" W' r* g" j4 K4 e b 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 `1 K9 r# s7 C- S 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: m. X" \2 Y6 T; T
7 z: x' w; e+ tInternational Governmental Action/ d6 {$ a! i! z" A3 @3 S: Y
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 b; l; G: A" `' B6 r" e$ W3 _
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 ^4 N& V5 s* N% P. `8 k 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
) h) ?) n( m" m6 l 154. Severance of diplomatic relations6 k! B. X: M9 z. X- p
155. Withdrawal from international organizations b B4 g5 ^2 {0 c& X; A: Y
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ f# ?: Z# u. H
157. Expulsion from international organizations$ n+ G( z# {! }" l
0 f4 |1 L, d& n& g Z# N. s. g& T & p. ^$ G- O/ a! |2 v
! d: b% z' M) k$ \9 V- B
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION; i- y- O3 A# h( M
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Psychological Intervention
4 R' p2 V: b! x' u6 ^ 158. Self-exposure to the elements0 L9 e% T+ Z0 l0 p0 n% U4 a# \# o
159. The fast
3 W$ J" w2 O* u8 }5 @ a) Fast of moral pressure
" A$ y% t/ m% N% I) A b) Hunger strike/ i) c' A" l& ^4 Q, y1 [6 H
c) Satyagrahic fast; b2 q& g2 r l6 I9 O0 ?( J4 e
160. Reverse trial9 H: P" w4 ^) i3 G( d
161. Nonviolent harassment0 P% u! d+ q8 O1 G+ Y
7 C0 K4 C, _$ J$ z# q7 x" |Physical Intervention) `- Y7 Z; G1 }6 M$ [9 `8 j4 { T
162. Sit-in' M* z7 h! X! o* s
163. Stand-in
# r" a* r6 O3 g; \2 N# c q0 q* O 164. Ride-in
" m& ?/ T! y) P/ R 165. Wade-in/ e+ `& I* ~5 c0 g/ b
166. Mill-in
1 Z0 H# d) l+ t) ^, F 167. Pray-in
9 @. W8 u% V4 o 168. Nonviolent raids t# o% z5 n) \) Y( h2 p
169. Nonviolent air raids {4 R/ U! K: h; k, N7 Q9 n4 x8 g
170. Nonviolent invasion* F1 }" z9 x5 z
171. Nonviolent interjection# ~* S9 Y! f. `. B7 t
172. Nonviolent obstruction
. q" z& m" b6 h' s 173. Nonviolent occupation! U8 _6 h- y, n
& [; i; J/ Q) P. Q5 OSocial Intervention
/ m% H# S5 V: Z' Y 174. Establishing new social patterns
6 m' b, E2 K" s# X# v 175. Overloading of facilities/ V8 H7 ]2 _, z5 p& T8 M
176. Stall-in
0 H: b$ m7 ]6 L5 r! Q$ {5 Q; t 177. Speak-in8 k) ]& p0 L X4 |4 K5 z1 U
178. Guerrilla theater
4 i7 X0 V! r3 c* z5 l 179. Alternative social institutions" E, X! D! G' r1 }7 [7 n
180. Alternative communication system- Q2 |+ ]8 `' t- q
; f' v! ^; q: a7 x; Z
Economic Intervention
" V" N+ J. o b 181. Reverse strike2 _5 P4 ?2 H) `+ Y; Y0 M7 f) V* j- n
182. Stay-in strike3 l1 Y) ^2 ^0 B9 u
183. Nonviolent land seizure# K5 P( p# u- P- L4 ]2 L! _
184. Defiance of blockades2 w8 C5 b8 l' W2 d) v
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 J' A* o: A4 Z5 ` \+ E! S 186. Preclusive purchasing# E1 z% c' b9 L
187. Seizure of assets, Z. Y w$ c# U6 U T8 u, W
188. Dumping
, k- }# o0 ` _/ p- B& C 189. Selective patronage1 d1 _% g7 h: V
190. Alternative markets3 }) r. y5 Q0 b8 e+ m" V( r
191. Alternative transportation systems
5 y9 M# K0 e( H4 T0 {8 d 192. Alternative economic institutions: @. ~. W/ T! b% e; F1 c( s
3 q, `) q3 c* T2 K* v
Political Intervention
* [7 c+ t) D& B% x v 193. Overloading of administrative systems( c+ p2 x* ~& k) t
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* L$ ], X S" q2 ?. }# S 195. Seeking imprisonment
1 E, ?1 f& ^- u 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ R* M4 G8 @! b9 y. r
197. Work-on without collaboration' l1 I- S) Q8 O6 {8 l! h
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; g2 h5 ?( `/ w- N
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
