 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 w0 u' q% B" o$ ?' y0 S
Formal Statements1 l& P& g, n. ]
1. Public Speeches5 F* h9 i) Z' P- X' q* Y. g, `
2. Letters of opposition or support
: X) g4 D9 v0 x/ |# p; w9 {( R; I' Q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions& N: V# f( n. g8 C; S3 N" ]1 V* L
4. Signed public statements, [8 x) `% _* E* l
5. Declarations of indictment and intention: h5 K" y/ t4 o5 d$ X) F# _0 {
6. Group or mass petitions
+ i9 ~ b0 O. E2 ?1 ^' ?+ k! t. J/ J; \$ J, m
Communications with a Wider Audience' c. Q5 y& Z9 i- _; @" w2 X
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: B! j% E- J4 ]) E 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 w: a# \* n r# u" \8 m+ v+ U 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- T4 F# I; f: e8 W2 _+ r; [ 10. Newspapers and journals
2 ^" o/ U7 V; u& T$ A' S0 m 11. Records, radio, and television
1 F; q! p% b7 ^4 ~ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting! u" J% G( k9 V. p: B2 R" s$ u
$ V2 w% Q6 q% x* X& WGroup Representations
; ~+ U3 o, F+ _, k- g9 [+ D 13. Deputations
( ]7 T6 H1 g$ n+ s+ O( f 14. Mock awards
, B/ [. s! _4 K" O: x; L4 D" { 15. Group lobbying# I' H( f5 T" j- V8 }# i8 j0 j$ p
16. Picketing% ]+ k; }, w, N! \. L( W# I
17. Mock elections; H1 R1 j, W% Z% Y I% M
2 m8 n' j5 m; u
Symbolic Public Acts
s- X' ^( ?8 W# V. ?0 d 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
4 X, Z# ]! v+ x 19. Wearing of symbols9 \% D2 b# S& V7 ^5 ~; ]3 r' C' O
20. Prayer and worship
9 w; ^5 B L; z; W" u4 d" C3 v 21. Delivering symbolic objects' l2 ]- d) u0 }) _4 x% r
22. Protest disrobings
7 }: ~9 y: b6 A* V5 t Y+ ~; { 23. Destruction of own property
1 p% ?4 I. P5 ~5 i' r _; | 24. Symbolic lights+ b6 a" C$ u2 S& R( M1 x0 B2 d( q
25. Displays of portraits1 V) M4 D! v$ _9 `& m) m; X( z8 r
26. Paint as protest9 a* ~& L. \; S! I( L
27. New signs and names- u6 Q4 P8 N7 A3 y
28. Symbolic sounds
. `: v4 L# {' X3 M 29. Symbolic reclamations
0 m" ~6 b" V3 C+ C& V& c5 @ 30. Rude gestures5 ?, b/ y# O0 A: N# q7 I! \
! ~: N! v: Z+ v
Pressures on Individuals
5 \/ L* S8 Y$ j7 t9 }3 k5 V6 I+ ?4 D 31. “Haunting” officials* W8 O' y. z7 ?2 ?+ L: {: A0 Q
32. Taunting officials4 s8 |5 {1 [6 y5 B; E
33. Fraternization
+ D2 T$ G. J) d6 J 34. Vigils
9 g1 |9 r5 X9 V( o. _7 @ }2 {! _
% h7 P! v! F1 @+ \; a' F7 Y$ rDrama and Music( D5 |2 w+ m7 z
35. Humorous skits and pranks* \ g$ g" O, G+ ?
36. Performances of plays and music
$ H& r. x4 K, K$ V( U 37. Singing
+ q+ d! k1 r6 `: ~$ s! }
/ }4 S) y2 s& O( K+ Z. JProcessions
9 C7 x- T5 G0 k" s2 S( @ 38. Marches4 H3 x# l5 M8 z. k3 ^1 S
39. Parades
6 x) a3 m" P" E& P# E8 b' G& w 40. Religious processions
+ r- W4 @( X6 c( D/ \% ] 41. Pilgrimages
: b) A2 {* F- a u) s5 _ 42. Motorcades( b6 t& K+ r7 e* h- X" z+ \; T
9 W& r% I3 i* R9 ~Honoring the Dead: Y5 [8 ~+ |) h+ m; S0 G5 `; j
43. Political mourning! @/ r6 {) l1 D0 }2 ^9 E( t4 o& O
44. Mock funerals
! M2 ~1 f8 x& T, b 45. Demonstrative funerals
+ u0 _, B% V# \5 | 46. Homage at burial places
6 u' Y# m5 ~: A+ c5 U7 c
8 q* \/ ?2 u8 I% YPublic Assemblies, `2 `/ q; M; g- E% W
47. Assemblies of protest or support, k. W: H$ b" F
48. Protest meetings
2 t% A w% u6 l; t5 I3 p. l 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest, d6 N R2 M- e% o
50. Teach-ins) m9 b) O$ q/ T% f( R
% Z8 L# U9 o# u! @+ V Q) s
Withdrawal and Renunciation8 \2 F5 f- Q; m, `$ {
51. Walk-outs) u0 e9 A: D2 j: A5 f
52. Silence
0 }! G1 z' p- S. {* w9 B1 x: Y 53. Renouncing honors
) v% S. Q# a# @: W, B. R 54. Turning one’s back$ S- a, p5 e) y0 n% A% o; J7 {
/ \3 r: `. v8 z0 Z9 P8 l. ]
4 D0 d6 X9 u/ a& v. |$ g1 V4 W( S
+ l6 C' w% x3 n+ T1 jTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ k2 q7 k' p- m7 a3 S/ _* X7 O8 i) d, d
4 U: r9 i& C# n% ~+ V" W* g0 E d8 y1 p
Ostracism of Persons$ `" e. k* v. j* e$ T. H
55. Social boycott
3 q& j& i9 \6 Q R( `, e 56. Selective social boycott/ o$ i! o' G9 m3 K" q( q3 [1 }$ z
57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 o7 S9 ~0 F& y `- m 58. Excommunication
$ q) M* L1 ?, B 59. Interdict
" d# d$ g* y$ b3 d k( V3 A; X U
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions0 r- @; ^$ \- W; K9 I0 ?- r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities: h0 E, P- m3 _) h4 S6 T
61. Boycott of social affairs, [ K7 ?: S F) `& G' C8 p
62. Student strike4 E! ~! |5 ^6 N0 Q
63. Social disobedience& H2 r$ m- v2 H0 J; K
64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 W3 t4 G: v) X$ z" k
* Q# | I3 p9 h
Withdrawal from the Social System
" _6 F4 R6 f* Y* Q2 G$ p! p 65. Stay-at-home
) V G# |7 x; G. t2 N/ w7 n 66. Total personal noncooperation( K" s7 l2 w7 k* s( Y
67. “Flight” of workers* d; C: A- m1 X5 Z0 u& W# z- t
68. Sanctuary
- w7 W3 g9 b; V0 `0 ~. ^8 l: M/ N 69. Collective disappearance
( t: z/ x) K2 E1 `& H 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 m$ q+ y( j7 ^! r c) M
/ @8 x. F) d( X% p6 |" G& n" F
( x% [: w# y' V H) ~) \6 _2 p+ {: T
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
) B4 u- A9 {" c P) C5 a3 j( N& ^. D' K7 P6 K$ n4 b
& |5 |6 C3 r' x+ q+ m
Actions by Consumers2 U8 e \# N( Z9 L' s
71. Consumers’ boycott
/ _/ f. `! I$ B4 O 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods, c3 }# N9 h/ O3 @) a, N
73. Policy of austerity
# g) J0 f, F7 U) |5 z Y" @! Y/ x$ ? 74. Rent withholding: y3 a" H* Y0 O8 j
75. Refusal to rent1 a6 P& G$ D0 L7 a* a
76. National consumers’ boycott
7 e; r! k' k) g$ c9 x( C/ q 77. International consumers’ boycott) c+ E y8 c2 O+ l3 u
$ ^' J( w2 `( q
Action by Workers and Producers U" i2 ?9 }, C; \% m( N
78. Workmen’s boycott/ [' o, E: F& ^7 r, x. [3 I
79. Producers’ boycott
0 E0 X( J# M. G5 I1 _; X+ S7 v* M* X
Action by Middlemen
/ S' \- b) |9 [! {- J1 T 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: V' C' D9 J6 I% y. C
$ U. E1 m; z' b3 X5 B$ e. I% r) r: _Action by Owners and Management }. B0 C' J. i
81. Traders’ boycott' M5 u- P) B: R6 n0 V7 h% d
82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ ^+ w- I% {' d, G 83. Lockout
2 ?0 K; A4 M8 X9 _* q0 | 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
. U. @6 f& J1 v9 K2 t 85. Merchants’ “general strike”' {! `$ `% m/ D3 J2 j6 u5 L( y5 L
. G3 H. Q9 ^$ _" A6 fAction by Holders of Financial Resources' `" n1 m( t! w5 v$ K8 O) D
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
9 Q, D$ W2 {- Y- i 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, v6 z+ {1 y' V$ P5 B$ O- n
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! R( B2 H6 v3 Y ~# \/ B6 M; \ 89. Severance of funds and credit) i2 B# ]7 p- w6 m3 Q. I
90. Revenue refusal
5 [5 U6 f* l6 H1 @* ]! ] 91. Refusal of a government’s money* F2 A# Y) {5 r
& W5 M* ^% L, A0 U& b
Action by Governments$ J# S% d* _/ u: v6 u
92. Domestic embargo
& C E" m J: G4 d/ U7 r9 j1 \3 X 93. Blacklisting of traders. X' g* }7 J1 \9 l; {- U
94. International sellers’ embargo
. q& H8 k0 W& P 95. International buyers’ embargo" M$ H; c S/ M( t8 H
96. International trade embargo, W0 _7 x' M/ f: I
6 B6 o# o5 D, ]% D 0 o0 |" q1 F+ W
) B' O: I; d1 g6 `. tTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
7 s& e h1 B1 Y6 }5 Z6 p2 X5 L6 U9 C
# h* t( X) p( l/ `3 K- e( X
Symbolic Strikes% K& t5 r2 {, j
97. Protest strike* y" Z0 r% Q+ x( d! U4 K
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 i$ k3 m. N0 J. G5 W* E4 d5 S" t) o- S- q0 B0 t3 a
Agricultural Strikes' W% p0 Q0 X( @8 u
99. Peasant strike! q8 x* F! S& d5 n1 p
100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 H# p4 e+ P4 r, ?5 ], y& L, k$ J- p5 _
Strikes by Special Groups3 O" x F0 `0 z5 \1 |* F
101. Refusal of impressed labor i8 b0 W8 x5 j; {
102. Prisoners’ strike
# ~+ X' R6 k" R# t 103. Craft strike9 _) I, ]' r0 ~( i) s
104. Professional strike
! p/ o0 t, J* _
: U2 ~0 Y' m5 h( H0 h* HOrdinary Industrial Strikes
" I/ I9 e# [, L- z 105. Establishment strike
7 c' N2 y q6 ^/ e9 K6 C 106. Industry strike
/ P* X4 l; s% t7 h( _! [ 107. Sympathetic strike
( i5 b- b4 @% s- U, c7 E* L: c; \6 A& a; M1 S6 R
Restricted Strikes1 u: {/ a3 ^0 n9 k6 F- U3 l: `* }
108. Detailed strike5 ^5 C0 P& a9 M W0 N9 J7 D7 ^. J
109. Bumper strike
" Z- @! A& W' D" g 110. Slowdown strike
6 u! A B3 q5 [9 p/ d 111. Working-to-rule strike' X# k3 z& H8 J6 n
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, A; I# v& B0 c+ ~) X 113. Strike by resignation% ~0 r$ c4 q% {( L# Y
114. Limited strike
; J; S3 x6 H6 i7 n 115. Selective strike- E3 V# n' R! z
" \1 t- T b8 Y+ H
Multi-Industry Strikes
: ^" J- N, p c1 [1 r% V( Q
& Y% M* X. i* H1 q 116. Generalized strike
: G) | A$ ^8 D/ N/ b0 Y
$ \% U6 t$ k& t% ]2 [. i& ?9 j5 N 117. General strike
7 e3 F+ _5 a J0 m0 z- x" e4 P$ o8 u5 k! u* @$ g/ [; }: K
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures. _6 P) q1 G' e. x5 o
! g; x# r" W. N0 q/ S
118. Hartal
7 r7 H+ a7 W5 q/ e4 j6 ^/ W; b' F* ]
5 e+ K! I. {0 y3 A 119. Economic shutdown
: ]4 H3 _/ c: U2 z& R! a3 C, z$ ?/ X" l5 M, z7 _
5 A, l# X& Y, \% H5 A6 w) b
# s7 @/ i! Q# ~# e( FTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
7 E( u; \7 J9 [+ I+ ^; U
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Rejection of Authority/ l; m- Z" |. `
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 J3 R5 _0 v# F, s0 i+ h% b" O* { 121. Refusal of public support/ F) b8 b% u6 d8 c$ W
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! h! k8 c& F/ H$ ?. I
, \+ n. h, m) n& \6 z+ F
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ \ k2 p6 u0 t7 b) i
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 F" [; [: E6 W 124. Boycott of elections- i! y0 E( l' ]" L5 A% ?+ }
125. Boycott of government employment and positions, b- k! }0 X1 A6 h9 ^5 M7 R3 X# `! k
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 H+ T! w$ j) O, ?( @ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 r( D8 l, a/ |' w5 m
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& c. ?4 v! N+ r! E! P 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ X J" s+ e2 }5 V 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
3 ]3 P- u8 t/ d5 c, g9 u 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 n6 \7 Q7 {' C8 X- S C# K
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. z' I g9 o3 Q7 m4 K' L
# `! |, h. G9 lCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, }+ k2 h& U7 Q1 Q4 G* P 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
+ _3 w$ {" p' \2 r6 u7 O3 f 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 f/ t; ]( _* l+ p
135. Popular nonobedience! S l# g/ J: F$ U3 S
136. Disguised disobedience5 I' p7 F) P0 @( j
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse6 t1 h, Q* p5 P. v* w2 g% R
138. Sitdown! s1 s0 a9 L( r. D! `
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 \: I$ h3 J6 j3 k2 B! ]
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 |3 k. H5 e8 S9 M' P& c3 Y& k 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ S, T5 t6 q3 |9 ]/ x' a! C) f" K
6 B" N4 o, o3 X! c; a4 u& _ ^Action by Government Personnel% A# \) c" g8 j- _1 c& {
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ y+ ~) ]4 z. O4 f; S! I 143. Blocking of lines of command and information O0 F9 g2 n: K0 }8 ~8 i* G- g5 B- ?
144. Stalling and obstruction
: Y. R* r9 l7 k a, N 145. General administrative noncooperation
' p2 s* ]0 ^- Q/ s+ R8 n4 |2 q
- a9 v0 b8 v" Q' p& |; Z! t 146. Judicial noncooperation$ a4 J9 A/ k9 y- ~4 a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( V/ D: [. G# u0 a5 ^1 T 148. Mutiny6 \5 P% K: F! Z$ x9 Q8 ^* S# {4 C! } v
Domestic Governmental Action+ U7 O! T7 B; ?) Q4 H; J
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) ^+ V: l' K/ [3 u1 _! k4 I
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' y# C! ]: \% U" F3 d, t2 _$ y! L
9 `( _1 B/ P: ?: [1 d) d" [! s+ Y2 T9 H
International Governmental Action
0 n! n6 @8 U3 U e3 ?4 B9 m 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
# X, u. `' w2 F8 d1 K 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 |+ O2 N) Z/ f+ ?1 m2 ^2 x$ C
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 }( P; }- l' {; n, b, K1 [+ H
154. Severance of diplomatic relations2 a. z/ h& f2 P5 ]+ Q7 H: u
155. Withdrawal from international organizations; [4 [1 ~% i* ~6 ]8 F( ~0 s
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 u5 ]. U4 I: ~# B% h 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 F9 j/ ^ z' c3 K% V
( u3 f( n" s: a7 g5 C 0 x- j( J* e l1 z& M
6 ` j# R9 v$ J/ O* p" {THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
: k8 W! m5 i4 g8 \! |* _4 `3 n0 Y- c& O5 {7 y& a3 H
8 a4 q4 J0 |1 z9 |7 [
Psychological Intervention
, j' }( X7 q6 t0 u7 z8 \ 158. Self-exposure to the elements. o- v- r$ A" R
159. The fast0 q1 ^" T9 F* K1 @ U) V. O
a) Fast of moral pressure
n; i7 r9 j6 _" g0 L/ F% T A b) Hunger strike
( B4 C! J& W' ?4 A9 N c) Satyagrahic fast
* k( n4 C" i- W# _2 i% K 160. Reverse trial
7 R2 J+ [. f8 c8 I! D 161. Nonviolent harassment
# F% w1 z# v8 O6 |; B5 Y, k: a: Z) |
Physical Intervention
; w5 w& A8 T0 {0 K 162. Sit-in7 R$ ^" h! \3 t& h( H m
163. Stand-in
/ f3 Z/ c$ Z! G2 J2 i 164. Ride-in4 Z- ^7 t! ]% y R* @# s" Q1 ~: t
165. Wade-in
' s0 ]( t3 a9 r5 C0 A$ T9 s) Z 166. Mill-in5 T; T, m. U: Y& U4 |) R l' w$ y
167. Pray-in' P2 J8 k$ i" j3 b% H9 f+ x
168. Nonviolent raids
- d. L/ |# v$ J 169. Nonviolent air raids S: C$ i+ T2 n4 i( _
170. Nonviolent invasion
" G: n7 b5 d0 ?( i) [+ Y o( | 171. Nonviolent interjection
7 W+ k1 l9 G, a4 }8 C8 X! L 172. Nonviolent obstruction3 L9 m4 ~: Z4 K V! I# S
173. Nonviolent occupation& m9 w# k$ i2 r, @, Q
( _5 J+ r1 t3 y/ D: kSocial Intervention8 g. I4 N* Q9 Y/ q
174. Establishing new social patterns
- S( U( {$ l8 ], W 175. Overloading of facilities
7 ^1 S2 J& X1 y. Q/ v 176. Stall-in6 I$ C& I) M% l
177. Speak-in% H! I' j H$ E6 C) S7 l) \
178. Guerrilla theater2 h0 D# J+ D; I% y L% i
179. Alternative social institutions
+ o: m7 }2 f7 v* U2 x 180. Alternative communication system6 m) O( B1 i+ Q2 p0 z
6 T% |5 V( r5 _2 [1 Z) GEconomic Intervention: S) T- e3 i- b
181. Reverse strike) F- }# O H( Z" t# o
182. Stay-in strike
+ Z1 e/ a: |4 l4 E. U( x# k/ i# i0 f 183. Nonviolent land seizure
Z) u/ S4 j! t' {/ s7 L7 V 184. Defiance of blockades# h5 ^3 [& r( e4 O( [) ]
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
. d2 n5 x4 i& |* h7 ^4 D$ f7 ~ 186. Preclusive purchasing; N3 M- M% z0 F0 i- \: T. \2 j0 H
187. Seizure of assets
- }- m; j! i% E4 _- ^' x 188. Dumping$ u0 R/ ]" M% ?- U8 I2 O
189. Selective patronage, @# `! a/ X ?: S* y ?0 |
190. Alternative markets
1 o3 `! x. o6 L @( ] 191. Alternative transportation systems
# J) A! Z: D; _/ P# L$ s 192. Alternative economic institutions- a( x( O: c0 y9 c. u
. ]" \! h$ Y. c( D5 XPolitical Intervention5 n8 b% m. A; E& N4 x9 }. l
193. Overloading of administrative systems
- N3 z/ u6 F- }, h; K; y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents2 B) X9 q% L- a- M# h/ j
195. Seeking imprisonment
" L. r) |) ]/ x, |! s4 q; ?+ p( R+ e& A 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 \( o# N4 A8 F* E 197. Work-on without collaboration
( |1 f c: g- r s6 s2 s 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
