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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION* x$ s' ]$ R$ R4 W2 ?7 H
Formal Statements
' s% N2 j. d1 V/ \! u$ o 1. Public Speeches- |! D" Z8 i' @2 l9 d
2. Letters of opposition or support
* D6 E1 A; |. Z* N6 n( h6 w& G' v 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, O% f, F! w! H1 b) ]$ c 4. Signed public statements
3 h, ?5 N9 |. b5 n% a 5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 @& J4 @. {- L. ~" c7 m
6. Group or mass petitions' I R# {" B9 v) y- x4 |3 o% w- U
: o6 }. Z- S% F) Q
Communications with a Wider Audience+ v7 J5 v, I0 j! L- C# e
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 A1 D& r4 L5 G
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications4 ~2 @1 D- s$ x+ k' i
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ Y* [8 d2 \- w5 F1 E% w 10. Newspapers and journals# h- F2 U' y1 R
11. Records, radio, and television/ Z' a* B; P+ c, d: {) S
12. Skywriting and earthwriting) R: [/ q) D. X( t6 C; J6 X
) V0 ]8 l" c K; v; TGroup Representations
9 S8 S; |' l7 l: i2 @. r* C 13. Deputations
8 H' C2 j: I! C% H- G 14. Mock awards
! X) W: |/ } i0 I* } 15. Group lobbying* f4 a3 f! R3 _: U& H
16. Picketing+ K& R2 b3 X& n3 f
17. Mock elections, C( b+ w8 S' P ~& U9 D) S
+ e8 D3 |' [! A& P
Symbolic Public Acts
0 G7 ]1 M |2 B6 S 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
' p8 W$ V- q2 j# Z0 M 19. Wearing of symbols
4 V1 [8 }, {' v* U 20. Prayer and worship
& A' I8 D0 B, ~2 d: F 21. Delivering symbolic objects, r, M, Q) y+ P: k/ c
22. Protest disrobings1 n0 a) Y6 D9 f9 s' U1 m3 | d) ~4 O
23. Destruction of own property
0 z9 Z0 U' Y0 x5 F' y2 `: ` 24. Symbolic lights
" B/ E* A! Q! f* R g4 n 25. Displays of portraits# S: j5 B R/ _) A1 v
26. Paint as protest
. s; D$ I! R/ f o6 m5 N9 t 27. New signs and names; [& u; a7 J8 O, S j$ t m
28. Symbolic sounds
' @5 ^2 c C: @7 f- H/ Q- E 29. Symbolic reclamations
: H7 H" H% m3 k: Q4 G9 f6 K4 c 30. Rude gestures
- v; H4 s% [% s, D# `* _
8 O4 S2 a" Q- b+ x5 z& C5 {Pressures on Individuals
' h5 I" [, Y9 W5 P$ B3 f ]1 B 31. “Haunting” officials( b+ s H5 `. g3 \
32. Taunting officials4 j, o) R, d4 c* r5 p" Y. v) ?1 j
33. Fraternization
7 M. z7 p/ N) C 34. Vigils R0 ]" ]; y4 O0 u5 _
8 q/ U; |: |) j& O% _Drama and Music! x2 [' X: x+ Q
35. Humorous skits and pranks' F9 y3 l& f q) e1 c- w2 @3 ~
36. Performances of plays and music
+ f M& X1 m2 ^$ a. ~ 37. Singing
4 S, X! H9 i+ B0 X$ C" t) n! X2 E E( v0 a& [* s
Processions6 t# A2 Q" p1 `' a9 W! k* Z) z& s! f k
38. Marches6 G) f. Z4 i+ d ~7 a
39. Parades4 Y% `& A; U, y$ A) }
40. Religious processions
" ?' T8 M t3 M/ E0 o" _ 41. Pilgrimages
8 \4 i N' R+ p5 B/ ]$ \ 42. Motorcades1 G$ Z9 p3 V' V
# a, ^; ?6 d8 }8 {Honoring the Dead
! x6 y/ `0 E! Q, E: [3 s$ c 43. Political mourning. \7 f+ r7 l* w+ h p/ a% `: ]
44. Mock funerals" O/ }& V. M; K( {+ N
45. Demonstrative funerals. f4 t: k( v* \, T
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
6 r7 ?% O5 H. f! [2 K 47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ h% g0 B, K2 {9 p 48. Protest meetings
8 d# R5 m; n0 X6 g# G" b- {, S( K' A8 R 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest. E9 {, t; j8 m% x( _
50. Teach-ins' _6 Y1 x. G3 Y
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Withdrawal and Renunciation9 A5 R) ~/ [. w3 s, @: S ]
51. Walk-outs
1 d- f6 `( O' g; g3 ?3 b+ ` 52. Silence
- H2 H. X' g. f4 {3 i% q 53. Renouncing honors$ ^7 [( e! I+ Y0 t1 ?
54. Turning one’s back
q( ?6 `- n1 Y4 S
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- V7 Z( U2 T- z* s y" _* c! vTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION3 `8 H: f$ d! z( ^9 v$ M
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6 R$ F6 s; T9 U4 q& `) E" f* E. [# F# Q3 b5 Q# q
Ostracism of Persons
! G9 i9 q! y y! o* N 55. Social boycott
% D& C3 T X/ q) R6 V# J 56. Selective social boycott& H# X; x/ {7 W8 V/ m+ [! {
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# @# [5 S! R: G- B9 r4 `7 T 58. Excommunication" @( V6 z d9 t0 {$ s5 H& e7 l! a: O
59. Interdict9 }8 C! Z2 |4 B$ `0 Q
2 P; J3 d; P9 X' E: @4 `Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. g* D* o( {. N
60. Suspension of social and sports activities* a/ X+ q" d4 ^! W6 a/ T* r' \; p
61. Boycott of social affairs
5 w2 W. A) O" [( Q5 ~ 62. Student strike, ~4 n, Q: ?# D+ Y9 T4 L
63. Social disobedience# d) F" F" t8 H! b
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 a8 b( L! H2 H+ _4 C; C& w2 m$ l
3 ?7 f! u. |5 fWithdrawal from the Social System
) K1 l6 B" }( g 65. Stay-at-home
! N: s& _. F8 |- f4 n7 q, T 66. Total personal noncooperation
- |1 F1 m9 k+ y1 V+ O$ q 67. “Flight” of workers
4 ^+ r* `% u; ]2 P: X, I$ S: ^/ Y 68. Sanctuary
3 M/ a5 O' }7 p2 {2 l 69. Collective disappearance
) S/ G8 X" y5 [ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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, N/ u0 L8 T* H- XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 _$ W+ Y: L0 a3 p0 G7 c I; A
8 A3 I: ]. \6 w0 ~8 h
% D, w5 Q) m5 M. `1 ?+ VActions by Consumers
) H ^; X# {8 S; U9 E0 I 71. Consumers’ boycott. N" O- n1 A, O. v9 B
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
1 P& q- g0 T/ P: e9 @ n7 B 73. Policy of austerity
0 F+ j% P7 L( k9 E 74. Rent withholding; D( i* O+ h1 l
75. Refusal to rent- r( i# O8 k3 K& G" Q d. f* y( g: ]
76. National consumers’ boycott
: `: k0 r- V, I( z% | 77. International consumers’ boycott
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+ w i* x1 S2 b0 GAction by Workers and Producers& @% y! h9 o9 Q2 f
78. Workmen’s boycott
0 ?, C6 N* {$ h" e4 Z+ `& r 79. Producers’ boycott. e& G+ A; X' W
9 o: U" j* W8 `' yAction by Middlemen
+ C+ h0 {2 Z) O# E: t0 g( [ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" v( {* [9 S2 k6 \; y
3 @/ f- q' e# Q8 F q5 NAction by Owners and Management1 [( j% E. X$ ?& d/ U
81. Traders’ boycott
; o( I2 `2 U+ R* F; c+ A 82. Refusal to let or sell property: c! u: a/ U0 [2 y* m% D
83. Lockout
2 s+ P0 F+ ^6 h) V3 K# M6 `) Q9 M 84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 C: g4 d. s* O; e+ |6 B
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources) w9 o% n. p* Z7 J7 L, r7 g3 z
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 D$ w6 G c7 K 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! O1 c( L( a, f! y+ @
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, G) q. n, ?" u: O: c
89. Severance of funds and credit1 n1 l5 ~# h& }$ j
90. Revenue refusal
7 S: v% _# C& T 91. Refusal of a government’s money0 n) \* i7 F0 }' l0 ?
* R4 [1 K. D' `' Y) tAction by Governments
1 j: s7 A% X) A2 m, j$ n 92. Domestic embargo
: I# S5 p3 s- J, M/ G4 w 93. Blacklisting of traders
$ y" h9 p( i; q 94. International sellers’ embargo$ O" S6 ~2 |" W* [! X
95. International buyers’ embargo
/ P$ J* f( j8 z, c' o+ Z 96. International trade embargo
d3 o) T7 }4 S I5 ~ m" k3 k3 i8 i
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 z6 n& l3 n8 {$ ]" I, O
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* U+ D1 Z, N2 S- vSymbolic Strikes/ l4 W$ u; }. n- G, q) _( a3 T
97. Protest strike% q `- o% Z( t. l: a
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( o T( l" w: L2 I: V8 a6 i- N
3 H1 z8 K- W0 C/ M7 A( A) ?Agricultural Strikes
- c K$ {4 R8 ?$ ~: @0 M, D 99. Peasant strike
' O" C+ G) u5 `5 l: a X: i 100. Farm Workers’ strike, L5 Q5 u' P, O. o6 A
/ P0 k) e$ [; h. M+ [' kStrikes by Special Groups
Z+ o8 n3 L" C6 v& j3 D 101. Refusal of impressed labor
- f0 y# ^% M5 S 102. Prisoners’ strike
, C4 W2 U4 h" Q2 \- H 103. Craft strike% V$ Z5 v$ g1 K) _& C
104. Professional strike
9 q4 e; m! U8 k* o# Y8 ^5 F
" X6 X! z9 h8 L/ `' [. i7 j5 NOrdinary Industrial Strikes
$ s1 ?' ~8 ^% n# ]& t9 d4 i' W$ }9 T 105. Establishment strike/ B' {( k" U: O0 S, g" ~7 x2 O
106. Industry strike
3 i# X# n3 Z4 @ 107. Sympathetic strike; \! b E2 \) `& t
" {/ J0 F9 o/ e9 q' y
Restricted Strikes+ T6 y# g9 o4 i- g: K; Q) a0 d3 a* B
108. Detailed strike0 T" T1 o3 ^0 T. z
109. Bumper strike
y2 J% R- P4 ^+ y) y# \8 O! _ 110. Slowdown strike" e$ R$ e6 Y, }' r+ t) W
111. Working-to-rule strike
" S2 h5 h! k% n7 X( l 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
- Q# X1 u0 A3 S+ u0 l! V 113. Strike by resignation
5 {* h, k4 ^8 m2 [/ o" y 114. Limited strike
7 u5 z# Q9 ^/ w2 F! C& J( ^# { 115. Selective strike: P( Z* x J. [% l& Y t
* c8 ?, M: ]1 ]3 hMulti-Industry Strikes
: v. u# v. c9 X. a4 z
* l R$ G; K% k 116. Generalized strike
?- E) m0 R0 s6 x" q8 w$ d
, B5 S, s3 p7 V! c2 S 117. General strike
( u% Z3 J/ }( f
+ S$ C* s/ ]/ p% T z$ m. f2 ?: JCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 C, O; @! G j
0 S+ `# Y% f+ G5 ]: v% U' I 118. Hartal1 D% C6 H1 W5 \7 h
- `8 I" G5 e* ]% _; f" Q 119. Economic shutdown. b$ w+ f/ K1 M6 A: g2 w8 t
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& B" e1 @4 i m
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Rejection of Authority
Q! [- U& O% |% g: ^- r8 t: I 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance" v) T; m$ O4 ]) W7 \: n9 L; f
121. Refusal of public support z) I) N# P6 p! u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
! ~, t% T2 z( C& J4 F, G1 w% i" R
) P& s4 M3 f' Q8 f& yCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 N* {+ r- x: G9 I 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ h2 @- E: Q8 x* V( x& f5 R+ ]* X6 y 124. Boycott of elections
3 W$ D+ p4 \7 a& l 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* X/ l3 b& G. {8 y$ N 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" I! g' r8 l! ^; i
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- ~; Y5 l3 v. k' w# P
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 p: O+ b! ]7 k" H8 r* h/ [1 x 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( W5 ~/ ?" q* n! K
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ R* J7 k1 U' D: |/ Y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 [! b: i6 x4 f
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# I6 `$ s4 O, n/ H& L& X
' R7 x# E5 d$ T* Z
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
/ x! Z; Q# b! ^2 s, }' ? 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
% D' _) g$ z c6 E- w: E 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% |' A# Y3 G$ C, Y9 W* ]
135. Popular nonobedience2 m( l7 ^9 q' G" h
136. Disguised disobedience1 S# z- W) J1 K/ l
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. ^3 O8 S4 u S! u 138. Sitdown, K& A, |* \- ] K/ T+ e& }; |% a
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# `; v7 ?' v( x d 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities7 R) m8 T4 Y" v. D
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ }9 r/ H. t' F: P' v9 q' ?3 j* d
1 ?4 g, ^' z7 z# H4 ]9 i: Z' u, V# O
Action by Government Personnel) Q* N' \6 J' [! q! ^2 @0 x
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 {- `2 \# g' z' O, b' N& ^ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 u* N* z& W6 ^0 Q. W4 E7 J2 M e
144. Stalling and obstruction- w+ o( N" n9 x3 V( d
145. General administrative noncooperation% n7 w4 v8 Q4 F* j' t8 S1 V7 ~; r5 |
) d- ^% g/ o$ X' u+ S2 {
146. Judicial noncooperation& y. K" p, q8 m# p9 j1 q
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; _+ m8 Y) {% s, `% @ 148. Mutiny' W8 i7 n; L, Y
Domestic Governmental Action
, [1 y) l( J+ r" _& \/ ]' Q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 o: { Z2 b( d) W/ ]
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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1 U: H2 H3 d$ Q* c% [; f+ G2 zInternational Governmental Action* U6 S/ ?1 e/ Q6 \
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- a9 R8 M# T5 J4 ~' Q; V
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 p1 ^ S* Z" ~, W" n7 l# V 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 t D: ^8 v4 D) ^" \
154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ ^* k' l2 l0 B
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! W9 t j u8 y5 N 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) z, u6 p: d. v3 ?3 _ W. a# I! R& t& i 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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7 U" A3 ]6 {7 }$ XTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
3 C$ L4 C* s$ A; Z" \; z7 O1 H; D; O/ A' Y- X
; W5 K0 L- }. ~9 LPsychological Intervention
( q. h& i2 a1 @% x. Q# O* ]) q 158. Self-exposure to the elements
' R( \: S6 b4 p8 ?) P 159. The fast
+ f# l) w) |2 [2 X% W* Z5 Y a) Fast of moral pressure
6 z! \9 r* f$ R* Q$ w$ X b) Hunger strike
Z/ }5 ]/ ^3 x" r- d. P* @$ M c) Satyagrahic fast
, u3 `- |- m# ^ 160. Reverse trial# @: x4 g+ v" M+ `9 |+ P
161. Nonviolent harassment
5 I2 X+ z0 u1 a3 |7 }3 t
" X: {% \ H: u6 t- b; C9 x9 ]Physical Intervention( A1 r' ^: z9 T0 m5 ~+ b
162. Sit-in! W3 M; g; J5 ], k% `* H. e
163. Stand-in! W" u2 W& U& J g. z4 ~. f8 _' V" U9 O
164. Ride-in7 ?( ^, z: V; R( U F
165. Wade-in1 {, ]6 a% q9 Q
166. Mill-in
, {, v T8 g. o9 G7 N 167. Pray-in; G3 J5 r3 v" m2 q2 _3 j/ I6 @
168. Nonviolent raids) s3 n% j0 c. u( |6 F% A: X
169. Nonviolent air raids& V, Y7 G# [& f( S% V
170. Nonviolent invasion
6 U5 u% W# h7 _6 y U; w( o 171. Nonviolent interjection# R8 u, O/ N1 V; u' u
172. Nonviolent obstruction, j* I7 e. k' O% j1 R
173. Nonviolent occupation
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4 A9 a4 Z1 R* MSocial Intervention
7 R; Q" Z" ~8 t 174. Establishing new social patterns; i+ i5 n9 g5 G) t# m( o
175. Overloading of facilities
! P! d' D% a ?: { 176. Stall-in# F* s% [" K ^0 a9 v
177. Speak-in* C- y" U [! D; A# j/ k9 u }! A
178. Guerrilla theater
6 R# C4 x7 y+ M0 J% W, }7 r 179. Alternative social institutions
4 Q9 E1 z$ G! }; e 180. Alternative communication system! A) z0 E1 A, T& o
1 \# g+ H! f" [+ LEconomic Intervention+ K* F1 ]+ s) g/ [1 p# I8 F* u% {
181. Reverse strike
1 v& r% D8 g! Z. o 182. Stay-in strike
4 U3 _2 i( C9 g4 q; |; u7 o 183. Nonviolent land seizure, S) h! D+ @/ \: b y' ]( Z7 u
184. Defiance of blockades
$ r" Q& V, n& N" x+ V8 L 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting1 o# g \: _3 s! c
186. Preclusive purchasing
6 ?, T2 O; ^# l0 N5 E7 Y 187. Seizure of assets
& ]8 N, B% L4 M- F1 S! I( q 188. Dumping
& Z x- @& e% R! V+ b" n3 S" i 189. Selective patronage
! B' @7 e7 _( t8 j$ A; C1 j 190. Alternative markets& W) E/ |. t6 F
191. Alternative transportation systems, e$ P% P. |( c/ @" f
192. Alternative economic institutions
7 d- z' i; Z4 X4 q$ x. T E7 f
" F1 e" `, r* e# H% }+ oPolitical Intervention1 a; M) Z" h. i+ Z2 o0 F. A- R
193. Overloading of administrative systems& c( w+ u8 T, ~
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 `+ V7 Q6 i4 N
195. Seeking imprisonment/ S) \/ h+ ?. E2 L1 _# o1 ~
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* Q/ s$ R' W `
197. Work-on without collaboration! c6 x2 Z8 {, l4 [
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
