 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
# a5 S9 `/ g9 _3 {# L3 f+ yFormal Statements
7 |. k& ~; r* V8 K' C' } 1. Public Speeches
4 c6 g% x9 p' U" p 2. Letters of opposition or support1 v. w# `$ p. s) d4 \4 ]" N9 k
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 I1 F @9 \4 { 4. Signed public statements1 t0 K! }2 f& [7 e* V# X
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ N; O0 g r1 d 6. Group or mass petitions" y1 k5 D% F4 |3 D0 f: ^0 b0 ?9 O
8 P7 q% b" H5 P" k. tCommunications with a Wider Audience4 u( S6 N3 ~2 ?, \
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# ?, k+ A1 r5 V2 @8 e& c% | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ G" k% T* @" n# S4 k$ t" p
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
2 k) \, D9 F# V* ^* q5 A0 X- I 10. Newspapers and journals
$ l" l2 Y8 P" t4 V5 K6 H 11. Records, radio, and television
0 @2 |8 G7 {" F. h 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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4 P3 u' M8 R" b. L* ?4 wGroup Representations' x" R$ J: J8 @% x# D7 n
13. Deputations
) K( ?3 H( N5 M. g 14. Mock awards
9 F& K9 k# t6 z$ S4 N9 n 15. Group lobbying8 u, [. p$ m; l( }
16. Picketing
3 D% x t0 T _3 t, q T W 17. Mock elections" z' @# {& X1 ^$ {4 ~ y7 w
5 B% N2 X! p' k) tSymbolic Public Acts- q: h; v6 X( f2 a
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# j( o. n6 J# G. J4 B; @ 19. Wearing of symbols
3 a6 r0 R7 ~7 b2 H" v 20. Prayer and worship
+ X' @0 G# w$ e/ c$ p 21. Delivering symbolic objects% G& ^( A- ?( C6 A
22. Protest disrobings
) h" R z! r) J: u* Q 23. Destruction of own property
{. @% H& |. F0 }$ U! l 24. Symbolic lights. }/ h* f1 ]( G* E
25. Displays of portraits
& M' e1 R+ [7 s* e6 i& K" \7 ^ 26. Paint as protest
i/ U: o6 x9 h9 ^6 `/ E 27. New signs and names
, ^# F# B5 ^1 H! }2 L, q1 `6 F 28. Symbolic sounds1 i5 ?( d+ H7 x
29. Symbolic reclamations
* K' c c/ a3 {+ i, ^8 W 30. Rude gestures
Z. T! v: Y0 c, w3 v q& L$ c ]
' c1 ~8 z' `, i8 FPressures on Individuals- U0 }/ h! v/ b' N Z$ n) Q
31. “Haunting” officials
V7 Z, s9 ~$ N' a 32. Taunting officials
* N/ E+ y. n7 @* o8 m 33. Fraternization% c& f4 w" N# b# }5 ?
34. Vigils
; b6 m, B. a1 k% u- G1 l" `, ?4 A3 f8 C) U/ w
Drama and Music" R! E# N! @( j* E6 i$ z
35. Humorous skits and pranks
, Z6 T/ U% x! |, ~! E6 U% W& T 36. Performances of plays and music
0 q5 \) M0 C \; `3 u( }# W/ r 37. Singing/ I, l2 c4 p# o. g& K
{) v# ^: K2 f- o0 e2 x: TProcessions- @$ N( s9 C: J" X, C! e1 m
38. Marches
' Y+ U4 _* L! d 39. Parades) o7 ^6 P2 E V `- h
40. Religious processions
: u$ o; K6 R$ b3 i 41. Pilgrimages6 \( K9 B* u- \* o' _- H
42. Motorcades
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; T' e, F1 D% _1 J! ?; F) _+ e1 PHonoring the Dead
/ t' z' _. R# i: ~ 43. Political mourning
2 Z0 A) V! N) t. s" z 44. Mock funerals( Y2 q6 ^# ?* h) Z+ P
45. Demonstrative funerals
, }" G4 y) J5 r. j 46. Homage at burial places7 i) Q0 m/ g6 M! K
$ m$ s, E2 Z# I9 v2 ^8 Z! A+ Y
Public Assemblies
) e5 d6 u# M; I& y3 _5 M 47. Assemblies of protest or support
% C$ K: q+ r/ n: O 48. Protest meetings
6 w4 u, @2 O* g Z: f 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' ^+ r$ A" \% Y0 _6 P" q 50. Teach-ins2 V6 E1 l: r! @0 Q
' }9 x% t$ `) M" [3 E5 m: f
Withdrawal and Renunciation" j( c" U' x O# |+ m
51. Walk-outs% S( w( t$ P- E7 A) b" K, c
52. Silence
+ a$ R4 i9 p$ n+ X 53. Renouncing honors$ \" \7 \: }" g- n" K
54. Turning one’s back4 m3 f/ X& K! \: o) n8 _
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9 S. B, i8 H: J3 TTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 _; N' }% p: l* F- y* E* W
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7 Y9 b) j4 i. t$ S- V8 p7 VOstracism of Persons
% r/ Y5 C0 y% k6 c0 z* ~ 55. Social boycott$ z8 W, w ~" A# |, ^" o
56. Selective social boycott
+ ]% g2 ?! L" W8 p% H ]- L' i9 B 57. Lysistratic nonaction, Q- B) R+ g3 D# [* a
58. Excommunication6 J# T K9 d+ ~/ s! v# B% h
59. Interdict
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8 Y- a: a3 n b/ ~4 Y- N8 vNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& a, b* J; L2 l! J5 E; a 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; z* S# b; N) d- |, R$ T( Q4 k" W0 O
61. Boycott of social affairs0 c1 _% ~% M' H, I
62. Student strike8 q/ L$ f# T2 W, o p0 \
63. Social disobedience
1 D. D, ]) P' r) ?- v G' K n) \ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions1 r; S8 o: A! A
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Withdrawal from the Social System; c; u8 B" m- Q7 v
65. Stay-at-home/ O9 z8 j1 x. Y! P/ e; Z/ G0 u5 B; f' S
66. Total personal noncooperation
) q2 b/ g% H, I7 N 67. “Flight” of workers$ f, U3 s0 Z6 A
68. Sanctuary' y( A+ W/ F8 u# @
69. Collective disappearance5 l" w- @4 {7 _# l% \
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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: }; x } w* _ ! x) x( M# x" E) c0 g5 F5 S3 c4 {
. }* o" a- o2 ^7 z! D7 x# xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. g( O! v+ i6 D- B7 B1 |& }3 C& H
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Actions by Consumers/ k* I3 x5 S% Q; m
71. Consumers’ boycott
2 }% H1 G: S9 X0 L- \! i( u9 v" B 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ y( Q8 C2 Y$ _7 ~+ a& U ~ 73. Policy of austerity
5 K+ f5 Y: v: N1 S& [ 74. Rent withholding" i+ l' W U2 o/ n) F% r" c8 v
75. Refusal to rent( f- u. T t# \8 s
76. National consumers’ boycott1 T5 P) g* Q8 q. X# i* @
77. International consumers’ boycott& a y3 [4 N1 M3 r3 Y9 B8 T* ` U
) D- q/ ]; O! |Action by Workers and Producers1 N6 v( B. e J8 @# U9 l
78. Workmen’s boycott
& o: C0 u5 } y/ p* K$ l. Z, ? 79. Producers’ boycott! x9 ?1 j k3 k! M! T
* n) a# S D y4 l G5 pAction by Middlemen' k t/ |- d+ _; g; z
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 h+ c2 h: B; Z& A, f6 Q
, t3 l$ ~3 q4 }$ Y- j/ j" UAction by Owners and Management+ x" i' q; S' N& b
81. Traders’ boycott
" C2 q. s$ J; R 82. Refusal to let or sell property; b% W9 i9 A% v+ Q* p5 q
83. Lockout
% S3 f |. ~, U8 @/ L 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- d8 j9 V6 S" G$ l! w u; ~; w: R 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
% U7 ?1 F% N& c/ Q3 d8 P6 d: r! T& \# e. F& `
Action by Holders of Financial Resources3 Y" }: [, d8 r X/ @ F: O
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( k" @3 k( b; Y) ~ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 p7 _: @- E$ U9 f2 N+ Q- y
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
# \6 i! D- V+ k! T/ V 89. Severance of funds and credit
7 `) Y' p* r; B3 M; o, N& p1 Q 90. Revenue refusal
% F. o' S8 f5 U6 U* _5 G% H 91. Refusal of a government’s money
' {9 ~; U7 Q) b) B& J" D" P5 U+ ?
; c+ V8 g3 h* l2 r, VAction by Governments& j% ?! x2 w0 B( |& _
92. Domestic embargo
6 l" n, y" R% ^0 D3 s, X4 e 93. Blacklisting of traders
5 F# f9 e3 e4 ]3 W$ I 94. International sellers’ embargo
! ^7 F Y% n% ]; u7 e) L% q 95. International buyers’ embargo& d/ B1 I* [- y) _! X! c$ ~
96. International trade embargo. B, [# t# H6 S7 O- H- T
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4 u: p( ?: o0 E4 |3 N% D+ E$ E# a: k* l6 X: e
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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2 h' C6 J# h2 _( @) r. K0 R$ M; L A- t
Symbolic Strikes3 u' R- @* K N" ^$ w e& I" ~
97. Protest strike
3 a Z7 W+ n2 z5 E 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)7 z, \- {; Q+ b9 d, ^1 m
: q/ D) t$ z" fAgricultural Strikes& e/ E, W- M/ \' i
99. Peasant strike- S/ J2 A& O7 N8 p! t
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 e4 ?1 ^$ _! | ?5 B# U+ p6 _
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Strikes by Special Groups
. N, b: x8 P2 V: v 101. Refusal of impressed labor( I5 w! F3 M) E+ W5 \
102. Prisoners’ strike
H- c& j8 Q& E" K3 @ 103. Craft strike% V8 `0 M% z8 I
104. Professional strike
2 @3 y u! M& m' [
6 T3 f& D; T. R/ j* H. d9 E/ f4 ~Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ Q9 ?5 J7 ?4 q# ]/ @
105. Establishment strike
6 K4 o; l! h3 l# S: ^0 Y+ \# y3 r 106. Industry strike) o0 d+ Z& z N9 K
107. Sympathetic strike
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+ u$ B+ `6 {* G% T; ~+ {$ H. V' g7 LRestricted Strikes
; {& Q/ p2 ?$ V+ { 108. Detailed strike7 [# A% q7 Q8 R) @3 K; p$ Z' A
109. Bumper strike% W% _/ a4 S) V$ @5 [
110. Slowdown strike. o4 u! [; A5 Z( l; I
111. Working-to-rule strike' M; t4 f5 b! ]5 D S
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 E8 v% F; M5 f4 e5 n6 d 113. Strike by resignation
1 m( ^$ H4 Q6 d4 E3 a 114. Limited strike* m) Z7 [7 R' r; l$ H1 F5 z
115. Selective strike. Z- ]$ {3 w2 B" J0 g6 b
; M" s$ I X# z3 p! \8 k5 {Multi-Industry Strikes
: |, e& Q- g; n$ Q- [
# d9 d$ A9 m( r3 [8 [ 116. Generalized strike
+ V9 M: K, J/ u" c
0 C1 l3 q- }: G* E5 }) K, ]8 J$ s4 { 117. General strike
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5 q/ O( A5 O. bCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures: m6 ~9 } n) N/ h1 ~3 H% n. ?
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118. Hartal
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4 _( C; P$ g z1 z1 x) i3 P1 W 119. Economic shutdown. h" _* C9 \/ N+ S4 y5 F0 K# V
& |, x, _! ^- q. a3 `( ?8 x
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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+ B5 z" W' _" L1 t- q! w( @: D9 q
Rejection of Authority4 V" O4 t' i+ K3 y* p x( s
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 h, i' ]1 l+ `" H+ k+ Z 121. Refusal of public support
0 N! ~. X0 \2 y0 x& q+ Q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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0 R M. s: a0 |Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 f/ t( _% @* k0 f: b' {. I
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ W$ v; V/ h( X0 ~' _3 I9 B 124. Boycott of elections3 |# l4 [- Z: s/ }/ e# ?
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# Z* o# Z6 I; [/ B; _/ M& ^- ?+ ~ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
4 I( D; V2 r h1 ?$ I( T 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 E0 ?. w/ D9 @8 c( o7 h1 {" Z0 J
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; w# W- Q, T) U: i+ C) j 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ h* c3 B6 ]- l
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& M- S( E" C+ y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& c; H$ |0 D$ d* N7 ^ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
7 _; S. y+ Z0 n5 C1 R1 ~
* G1 w* k( o% c1 t+ h) n( ZCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: }) V4 P4 c0 `4 l, `
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 Z; J n; ~6 l' [$ _
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
% [* c! p5 \/ P0 t0 } 135. Popular nonobedience
' o% D: d3 z2 p/ D! f) s 136. Disguised disobedience
}% D# A0 _. W 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* F( H) {' Z& k+ N6 ^1 J 138. Sitdown- B2 E& V( I' ^9 j
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 p: P1 U8 r1 I2 l( @; N
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities( ^6 g6 H* y% c2 q7 H9 j b" I: L
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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: I% H( t* G' v/ D: lAction by Government Personnel2 l9 D- h* Z7 B* }! _( a( L
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 q0 s1 ^# p/ `; ~6 l
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: u+ y% S3 j6 v' g! K 144. Stalling and obstruction1 [( u. r) j+ `# `. i
145. General administrative noncooperation& s& m( L& f- ?7 R+ L/ ~. d
& G9 C% w1 `/ l+ \+ T9 D2 H 146. Judicial noncooperation
/ }2 Y! |- P$ D" W) E 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 u8 |9 h1 _2 e3 I" G2 }. {3 x: m8 ` 148. Mutiny0 @* n+ J1 g' r! F
Domestic Governmental Action/ u7 |. r2 f! m6 k
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ r- T" i, J# f" W6 {& i 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. [) ]) g) g3 ]
! z8 e& \* U2 A1 ]2 S; EInternational Governmental Action+ M1 s; f3 k3 H" N
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
0 q7 _+ f& I% \* a* ? 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, c+ R& {* f# V" R$ A! V* w
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 g: u/ D( `/ s9 k: Z9 _ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations- [% a+ d4 {* Y: S
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
G2 E& c) J/ `% t0 n+ {: n4 b P- \ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; N$ N* }( Q" g# N* T J3 i. X; T
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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4 z+ K2 K: E' n2 h7 u- a# jPsychological Intervention
8 Q) T3 A" V) S7 ]3 D3 Q 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( I: K" S, a- X3 o) c9 r) G 159. The fast8 K5 U% b, }$ [, N' o
a) Fast of moral pressure: ]$ {5 q: X+ K# {( N
b) Hunger strike/ `0 G( f- o9 h/ R" v
c) Satyagrahic fast% O( u# V* w, I, p
160. Reverse trial
; u; B) J5 h8 U3 H. i 161. Nonviolent harassment0 D1 y& e" i" U/ S* b F: S
% b% }6 l5 Q* \; t8 o4 Q
Physical Intervention* D! N5 [3 c/ Q, _ R
162. Sit-in
. |& n- `6 M+ ?2 o( H$ X 163. Stand-in
1 V( } Y/ Q; v+ A3 G% C b 164. Ride-in# p/ m* A7 M4 M, p6 [# T4 u7 A2 s% ?
165. Wade-in6 d# q- I) C2 ?0 V- ]4 k, c
166. Mill-in8 d/ y6 E8 z2 u- `. ?1 L, @
167. Pray-in* @# O- f+ g4 n
168. Nonviolent raids6 p0 h K2 S, b- K2 X4 j
169. Nonviolent air raids
) o0 C) L1 T, V. R4 S; D2 O 170. Nonviolent invasion
$ h5 ~! J! C h/ ~" i# ~ 171. Nonviolent interjection
% x: x7 Y+ I2 N# _ 172. Nonviolent obstruction1 p" C: n e0 c1 b$ l/ m: V4 r: g
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
, o' ~! a) F) v; l- c1 j# Q 174. Establishing new social patterns
_) T& I; c: w9 Q 175. Overloading of facilities9 L. d5 \! N; a: [3 a) f
176. Stall-in4 C3 _ u4 B3 X) g) h- Y8 z+ o
177. Speak-in
+ D8 K. q9 ?. l% R 178. Guerrilla theater
7 w7 z8 ^8 s9 [ 179. Alternative social institutions
- l+ J# O2 F9 C6 G$ D 180. Alternative communication system
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; f" F0 J9 l1 l) [9 JEconomic Intervention
# `2 g6 X: D8 o8 w 181. Reverse strike
+ X) b3 o' X8 o6 }) a: W 182. Stay-in strike t3 h j& j7 ~4 H9 W p2 J, J
183. Nonviolent land seizure9 n6 F0 V! Z) W% b
184. Defiance of blockades
# \9 O" _! G) H0 Y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ O3 }: X N5 T9 V+ }* {0 N
186. Preclusive purchasing# N$ d% E n# ]) Z5 D
187. Seizure of assets- h4 G% s+ ?2 _! k& M! H$ f# k4 R
188. Dumping/ R, o3 o% Q! x
189. Selective patronage
+ X; ^5 d: H& z8 c 190. Alternative markets
# o! b+ z5 i5 F/ D0 U 191. Alternative transportation systems
; Q& U5 l1 P2 Y 192. Alternative economic institutions4 b8 c- G5 g) R6 l# L% j
3 ~" O- d8 @' L/ g0 M& z0 _% K
Political Intervention
. D% }$ R5 x; U* ]# h% x$ o/ N 193. Overloading of administrative systems |. u) _ x) R2 X( n6 G
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
/ i6 j0 t( u( O( x0 A( h 195. Seeking imprisonment( V. a: q: s6 A8 q+ x3 i
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; V& q3 Q- I9 c& W. T
197. Work-on without collaboration
# i7 W v( b2 {. H3 O 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government I7 p$ c7 F/ `( K
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
