 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' [% T' q' `9 K! ]7 k
Formal Statements
. e; V* c4 p) f; V$ W$ e 1. Public Speeches0 z: e$ {% L U+ a/ K' X& F
2. Letters of opposition or support: q N1 U6 p; G3 t, ?
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 D% M) J8 m `
4. Signed public statements
" O3 X2 L, n' t( g* k 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ }; N. w+ L/ X7 Q. n 6. Group or mass petitions) S( f+ I, u0 |4 `; v
. I8 S' }! W4 R- i" M8 k, G
Communications with a Wider Audience
7 J) R/ ~9 a4 G5 z/ a ]3 S; p 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' G8 J w5 q3 g* Z w% d" {) b 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
P0 r# N5 v- d7 r E& ]' t 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' F0 a' w6 X& l; k1 J8 _4 X' ?( A 10. Newspapers and journals
4 B1 I7 N% [. ?) ` 11. Records, radio, and television, }: f3 V5 f' j0 G7 r# _- J
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- X% p4 i7 C: X1 I+ l2 b# `8 V
$ E5 d! ?# ?$ c; |& s1 q8 @: xGroup Representations: z1 f1 q$ _2 A+ {" I! E
13. Deputations" s% ?* F& _! x( L
14. Mock awards
, f% ]3 t) l. z; A( y( r# b5 O 15. Group lobbying
4 E3 d% F) V! H9 \" i+ G6 z 16. Picketing
9 d; z6 G% g$ Z. p5 Q8 Z 17. Mock elections0 H( d( a% L9 c; C( C
4 {% `, Y+ p# @Symbolic Public Acts5 x* W" ]' D2 Z N5 S$ E2 ~8 z2 M
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, ?% g" S! [) m' C! o
19. Wearing of symbols' ~( z" k& W! a% Z/ |) H
20. Prayer and worship o! ^' ^3 ? Z
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 t+ i! u1 L! d& q
22. Protest disrobings
8 {: [1 B! _9 p( S0 V4 F' b1 y$ Z 23. Destruction of own property
6 I& p+ F; n( h- s: U 24. Symbolic lights
4 Y6 A3 N- @* G2 \% Q, t( h0 S 25. Displays of portraits- i1 c h7 g+ T; V6 k
26. Paint as protest
9 [) X# d3 o' ]7 G! Q }8 A9 k 27. New signs and names
: F( x! e4 o) z% P3 m$ V 28. Symbolic sounds/ T+ a' Z" C, J4 ~$ i7 I2 U! [
29. Symbolic reclamations
: O: X/ W7 O0 R! H6 ^ 30. Rude gestures
+ s, S, o" B0 N7 `9 w: F; s2 H/ x0 s2 d @9 Y
Pressures on Individuals
" g# @! o8 K8 ~& x 31. “Haunting” officials# s4 I: y3 |0 k3 Z# U, z
32. Taunting officials
. a6 U: ~! m. c" r 33. Fraternization# Q, g- A# W/ I& F5 U3 F
34. Vigils8 k8 L: J; n2 P: h/ o/ l \$ i
' r: L- K" q6 [# H: O' O/ A# HDrama and Music+ ?* Q9 W6 U3 I! n
35. Humorous skits and pranks
& N4 m- K4 \: f! \! J8 ^. S T9 { 36. Performances of plays and music
6 H# _7 f3 `# j" C% G- R 37. Singing
; ?" Q3 J, }) m7 E8 L! W; U7 _& s
Processions$ D8 h: j" l& J5 Q4 e' K+ X
38. Marches& k* Z; u# d+ u+ p* a0 l3 U
39. Parades
]2 J5 R i. \! s" W8 w' A! R! p 40. Religious processions. z6 u2 [3 z5 c
41. Pilgrimages" c1 E# L3 U- z2 L. \
42. Motorcades' \# N7 P7 m5 K) v- M. f1 ^
" |/ z( \- a0 r) F2 e* B$ a2 FHonoring the Dead% V X0 r1 J7 ^# v6 o2 I* P, h
43. Political mourning/ Q1 M5 s* i6 f
44. Mock funerals
) l8 C1 A/ H* ^ 45. Demonstrative funerals
( d+ e# L8 e0 U3 v A1 h+ G# U 46. Homage at burial places
9 c5 P2 M A" e/ {9 K# `" J' k/ j Z/ t! \& }* l, S
Public Assemblies
4 e, L8 l+ {( M: j 47. Assemblies of protest or support
) t V9 w6 l$ k6 Z& [, a( m! R 48. Protest meetings% I v2 K7 g2 Q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 u" U. C6 i: D; K# p
50. Teach-ins
: n' e* T6 T7 V% I
* E# i% U& U9 z5 v8 H& t2 s! I& QWithdrawal and Renunciation
3 r0 P" N& U$ P; X 51. Walk-outs; t- [6 ?8 c* H+ l. H
52. Silence/ a4 [6 M3 i- h) F `- ?9 k! X
53. Renouncing honors! }& `/ ~4 ]5 q5 Q) Z m
54. Turning one’s back
0 `$ u( I+ Y8 N. A+ s8 H1 F+ f5 K5 E
# j4 c# m, f1 u. }. }2 B
! m9 Z5 t% j$ R# V+ vTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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* K4 O6 ~; H( HOstracism of Persons
" S5 s- s- L$ R% l# {+ i 55. Social boycott/ a7 P+ x* G7 P: H/ L4 z
56. Selective social boycott2 G5 o' f( |0 q6 P" x" o
57. Lysistratic nonaction% Y: Z1 L* s# S
58. Excommunication( f# L7 s: | k
59. Interdict) O% M! u5 M* D* j
) Y2 k: V! `8 ^* TNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ {, j* r$ s; H7 }6 |7 c: f
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 {/ f/ w# I( w3 W, O 61. Boycott of social affairs
3 n) X9 _. Q2 {# j4 D1 v ? 62. Student strike; d1 i$ J( U U" ^7 j; L4 w# ~
63. Social disobedience
# S" n- d" e4 h, u( h9 ^$ ^. Y, K 64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 n/ n5 u( `* n; g/ i3 T& ^) l
' R7 K. d0 ~# S. `( LWithdrawal from the Social System
1 X4 k5 v v, N 65. Stay-at-home
5 j. Y4 E' ]8 z7 Q' ^: @ 66. Total personal noncooperation3 O: L! }# j3 F
67. “Flight” of workers
) `+ B0 d: Z2 D$ b 68. Sanctuary7 m0 s, ~% z+ \. B* F$ c1 N, O
69. Collective disappearance1 U' z4 P$ G8 T( f5 ? v
70. Protest emigration (hijrat): n# B( f' m. {" l
: v% `3 N/ B' T; ]5 t
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! O8 L! |' q) s( ~" D, j; DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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4 b# o6 q, }8 k. _ 7 C0 e2 c& P3 Q( M. ~
Actions by Consumers9 ]' L. s; U' n- R3 R) G5 g' e" ^
71. Consumers’ boycott
$ p& A; w+ P9 f- i W* p$ K 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods2 G/ y1 Y2 `2 ~' Q/ G8 i. u
73. Policy of austerity
$ a( |3 |. w* ~9 l- [ 74. Rent withholding0 i. ?0 U3 w1 \, X. ]* h; u
75. Refusal to rent
" C; x0 n. t/ e# ] ~ 76. National consumers’ boycott
& ^. v; p T2 z# p 77. International consumers’ boycott
; M: s7 Y" O" r& D1 l3 }: X6 e- w( E6 b. y0 e1 B% C8 ?2 b
Action by Workers and Producers
- m0 j1 j& O& Y! }7 M- U 78. Workmen’s boycott# E- e" P W; k8 Y
79. Producers’ boycott8 b; O9 r7 q: b
/ x: k7 c2 ` F/ iAction by Middlemen H& F( I9 {% d3 h
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
5 z/ r/ T! B+ w/ t
5 c6 y$ V& z% C3 m: R3 dAction by Owners and Management) d0 _1 @9 I- d% o0 S0 ^+ Z. c
81. Traders’ boycott+ T1 I7 U. v. x8 E9 G# f
82. Refusal to let or sell property
3 O& z5 F. v* J' \! f- }/ V 83. Lockout1 @7 W) |# u/ Y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! S2 [' O$ b0 v! e# |5 ?
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
' D! G4 X' J: Z1 L+ F, {+ I
/ p- X8 B+ W, D1 f$ x* |Action by Holders of Financial Resources3 _ Y7 ^, `1 S* ]
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits* M+ A) x! H- M! p6 ?1 A! C
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
3 R, b% \6 G$ P& w 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* f; \/ d9 ~2 q$ t
89. Severance of funds and credit, n7 I* ?6 c5 ?2 N, p9 l: ~- n
90. Revenue refusal/ ?; L9 H% O$ @% t- ~
91. Refusal of a government’s money
0 L8 g2 y+ o: X4 u- v4 J8 @8 w
7 v' A" G0 N2 x- q PAction by Governments9 f; G- m" ^* X( j W' W$ ]
92. Domestic embargo. i7 c2 k0 R: g& W" R! ~# d0 U. D( `
93. Blacklisting of traders+ g) Q9 a: ^( @& Q! }# ~4 B9 `
94. International sellers’ embargo
- m6 [" {/ L. h1 g 95. International buyers’ embargo
: B( |, l; X- [* T 96. International trade embargo$ K6 v9 B, b, p6 l* g
5 T# ?9 V, R3 F- X4 u% } ) y, b4 ?/ t7 r0 c
0 d& Q" L8 w. e9 _1 k ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
6 B/ O! Y0 Q4 I1 y 97. Protest strike
3 f. C+ I1 f5 A 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 [ }0 |% t6 c
1 E) \3 ?' m3 e5 z) U) W1 [; mAgricultural Strikes
6 ?, [1 X, R% t7 B 99. Peasant strike
/ P- B: d: I* K5 g 100. Farm Workers’ strike
% V0 j; e+ G( L6 e" d4 H! W+ s: Y
Strikes by Special Groups: b: y& G4 o' p9 [* ^( |
101. Refusal of impressed labor
' i0 B7 |9 S+ h6 z1 t' u; e 102. Prisoners’ strike3 Q8 c! c! ^2 H$ X, ^/ F. t
103. Craft strike$ ^" f7 R4 z4 F' Q4 n. E6 K) m" m
104. Professional strike; z2 o. s# r8 A/ A q$ ~& ^% a
+ P* P; u, n2 x0 a0 z2 oOrdinary Industrial Strikes
- C+ g" c/ S+ R, l1 [2 [ 105. Establishment strike3 l! _3 R1 P# ]( n! r
106. Industry strike7 e* I6 k2 t- S9 Y0 _. k( Y; }1 F
107. Sympathetic strike; e8 ^4 ^ ]3 g. W( K) l1 P# Z+ b
( E- m) X# s' ?) Z5 U3 Z! v: ? ?2 jRestricted Strikes) r3 J$ R* Z1 D; v, S* D2 K
108. Detailed strike
+ }+ e% o( z0 I0 m+ o( } 109. Bumper strike
" c1 a/ k& K' K; a! p) f8 N 110. Slowdown strike4 J2 K8 M8 d/ S# ^7 z+ J+ R8 T
111. Working-to-rule strike
: J3 ~# N4 P5 u5 |" K8 }1 X3 J( G 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)( P; ?$ \& [5 ]; P. u) {, M/ x( h
113. Strike by resignation
* y7 A1 {5 i/ a6 k7 ^ N* ]- `9 P 114. Limited strike7 d. w- m% T+ G% W
115. Selective strike
( x) L8 X- L$ O+ g; c
! B1 e$ }' p! ~) R7 CMulti-Industry Strikes
/ N) x r/ o( i# v v! d
" a" X3 v& n9 P9 ]' V 116. Generalized strike
- L6 _! g/ l, Q: ^! `6 o+ {) F1 v+ M3 b1 r# e2 x
117. General strike
3 v% a% I$ [7 }9 Z& d
2 W( v$ O% k- O e6 V) U0 e" fCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 G/ G+ S6 b$ g' v8 w1 b* J1 H5 c8 ]0 P) b. t4 n" O- u, a
118. Hartal8 t4 z" s+ d7 _# K
5 ]7 d: Z, u- i% f 119. Economic shutdown
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8 m7 y% q. {1 \/ O* E0 a0 v( W+ Y7 n2 p& }0 m: }
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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+ N: Q: m4 n3 R2 Y1 h/ s* U; T" q9 l3 NRejection of Authority
) o6 y7 K% t# D4 \/ n3 Q: S 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& g( @: J* J! b$ J& o) v
121. Refusal of public support
- _. E/ }$ Z6 b9 ^* M, P/ z; x 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance) b% h: ^$ x$ {, X$ B0 \) \ y: r6 }9 A$ g
% J; z* Y( [; z4 xCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government8 a& D U; w5 B3 K- q. V
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ v! ^* o$ Z. O, O. H) z 124. Boycott of elections
' b- y$ ?; C) w5 X6 J2 U! R 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
8 R2 U: O& F; U4 W2 ~7 @% j% b8 T 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies9 n' b0 ^+ L2 O2 L3 G- @
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. Q% f- w3 ]0 \( L 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
! S% A' a* ~5 h/ b' ^ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ \* R: [( l. Q6 |
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- O0 J. E/ x8 h2 ?) M
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 \; E+ B9 X# h7 A 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
/ o3 s1 u& Z& a/ e& p7 x
3 b4 l! c: K7 R" u3 `Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 O0 Y1 Z7 A5 `
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 `+ _9 z/ R1 g. `4 a 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 S& x4 `* _( X, S7 D
135. Popular nonobedience
0 d. A( H) `. A" d. v, X5 I9 \ 136. Disguised disobedience* W9 c# }7 t5 n1 _- Z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- @1 q/ _6 V- x
138. Sitdown' y2 i; ?" J' x T3 i: k. w
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! G5 K7 j' M$ y, |! [- O; D0 _4 ` 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities9 u' N+ z8 ]; v' F l
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ c0 G3 Q) y; Q5 c) C
5 _+ r+ \! U( o& K0 g: eAction by Government Personnel
0 O( k6 Z' r% E4 Q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 Y6 D8 O% K$ K* D+ j 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
# ?; S7 a/ @- ^& h4 I& I* U& J 144. Stalling and obstruction
& E9 E1 H4 N+ @3 ? 145. General administrative noncooperation
! B) `' ~0 g" |( Y
/ B ]+ J" O7 r3 d: W' f9 ^ 146. Judicial noncooperation5 b" {3 C# d: ]. Q( ]$ H; [, \% }
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents0 m- S4 b& f$ O" I! i
148. Mutiny+ }& i/ Q. @, M8 }0 a: Q2 F7 u
Domestic Governmental Action
! Z* p- Z; Z, L" i 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ S* K6 J, p; p- `, F9 C7 H
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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; z8 {5 }3 k; q* \. W$ I) {International Governmental Action
2 p/ B/ N- y" Y& ?- [ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" X5 J P5 a" s8 I2 h6 f: h4 G 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 ]* Y: o& l7 m5 \# ?( G0 C
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 v( r5 Q" c& X2 e9 Y4 }5 g 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 l9 X! l e2 ]/ L 155. Withdrawal from international organizations |( \0 F: G- _
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" x5 G0 o# C& A# v4 d' E
157. Expulsion from international organizations( g9 f6 Y1 c8 p5 _& T4 c
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5 u2 V. J/ q" u, f$ r5 i
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, n% l& S6 [9 ^! p) t" D' B
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Psychological Intervention
9 p; X- @ ^1 I 158. Self-exposure to the elements+ R. j7 S& p5 u6 v& @; r
159. The fast
$ r: p3 w/ r8 V) a# S3 _) d a) Fast of moral pressure
8 K; w" U. |, N' Q2 d b) Hunger strike7 s- V% B# \5 J% p# A* j
c) Satyagrahic fast
6 B/ `" H% Y" R. Y) W3 n+ Q3 @ 160. Reverse trial2 z' Y% S/ `% O
161. Nonviolent harassment j* J- B7 s0 F/ B! [$ t$ A
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Physical Intervention2 F& m% S; C! p- L/ Y
162. Sit-in6 v' [6 [/ E6 I( E' Y8 Y- k d
163. Stand-in
; ]+ k% d, k2 ~' w) d! B) _ 164. Ride-in
& k; |9 T! d& H5 D* i' j 165. Wade-in
, r( Y* ]# F! G6 _' I; Y3 Y 166. Mill-in4 X. h& _! H/ R3 Z# P* u) a
167. Pray-in
! ^: E2 A* d* L0 G 168. Nonviolent raids0 l4 \3 X- V% J7 f7 x4 C2 {- N' _. \
169. Nonviolent air raids
4 y% T, W: s- S4 m 170. Nonviolent invasion
F7 D) ^; B* B, V 171. Nonviolent interjection
) d" j2 ?% C. D2 c 172. Nonviolent obstruction3 Z& b& r1 M' [, k- [8 O
173. Nonviolent occupation
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% G. b4 E7 h& p6 q# ?Social Intervention
( _& Y: u8 s9 ~5 ^: C4 N$ g7 U 174. Establishing new social patterns. d, c+ M0 I* C
175. Overloading of facilities
# B1 p( R4 ?+ v( Q: v& V. {" V 176. Stall-in
9 G+ R X: Z3 |- a2 z% ^* K 177. Speak-in& o* x% N5 l' M$ [8 L
178. Guerrilla theater* u' I2 J! Q8 W9 R# v
179. Alternative social institutions1 K Z' ]1 U3 w- P6 v& O5 ^
180. Alternative communication system8 c& s9 o, g2 x- u0 X- \$ b
$ L6 E, {/ N& ~, S5 i
Economic Intervention
+ \ U3 y8 ~4 \ 181. Reverse strike
9 ~8 P8 d/ z Z# L4 U- b5 a 182. Stay-in strike8 n# D3 f. j, R& c, h- z' m
183. Nonviolent land seizure
; }' q" G2 K- w- ?: D% r8 ` 184. Defiance of blockades
2 M6 l, B! G1 N6 ~' p, q/ p 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; G9 _+ w+ n6 E1 M$ T5 ^/ T# p 186. Preclusive purchasing
1 \/ T0 d: g- e. s! ?/ N 187. Seizure of assets8 ~) `: u) ?5 r6 E7 H8 B( m6 g1 ?% s2 L
188. Dumping1 k+ ?: X9 D* Y- a& U4 w) N
189. Selective patronage
/ U% m8 ~% Q$ u1 j9 ? 190. Alternative markets" _7 N1 O) f) b- z! ?3 d
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 _. R; a, @7 u s 192. Alternative economic institutions2 f" J7 V# ]3 b- g
! N% z" K% q5 F* l9 }Political Intervention- C* I X" O6 u7 v5 d' B
193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 G( A( y9 H1 h& j; L( O& g 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
: o% Y5 V: K0 H; q 195. Seeking imprisonment
$ f8 s# f9 q7 q# d 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. A( ^& z3 s4 H1 u; k1 X6 L
197. Work-on without collaboration
) i2 _4 ~: ~& V! I 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
