 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 m6 X' m* Q$ W8 ]0 t3 h% d* b0 G1 L
Formal Statements
: U1 }; j8 c; u* _ 1. Public Speeches
, w# o; ]( O) M. c 2. Letters of opposition or support" @- B% y- K! L# n. Z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' Q6 s5 k" g1 h
4. Signed public statements) i6 e, X; R' m' }" G: n4 K8 n
5. Declarations of indictment and intention% u- J5 m( _1 ~# b
6. Group or mass petitions
, p0 D0 C' I3 ~' \1 h) n, O. A
Communications with a Wider Audience% U4 @7 k0 H/ a
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" M" `6 w" ]$ F: ] 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" K5 d: n& j0 O 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books7 A2 N/ C0 Y% r* v# M$ K
10. Newspapers and journals7 D" Y# n5 {0 l0 N5 D, M
11. Records, radio, and television
: s- n: h- _; R& p7 f, Q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! B; V- g6 ~) w& H F% r+ n' U& ~5 @4 p
Group Representations
4 G# F0 H& ^3 d 13. Deputations% t" P D+ c) L0 n+ ]
14. Mock awards
0 [( h: O# L" r1 w1 h. n 15. Group lobbying5 B+ ^; D" k: ]% L
16. Picketing
) B) N5 y9 P% [' W- f4 S' A! p 17. Mock elections8 x- Z- h0 i$ [; e/ w4 k) ]
- y) k3 X6 L, Q; u
Symbolic Public Acts
7 j2 s3 h0 l+ I2 U 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 ?: V4 D. e8 K' `0 J
19. Wearing of symbols( y/ l( {4 J# |$ A$ X* u$ [' \
20. Prayer and worship, v- Z! E1 y4 o+ V x1 z) _0 `
21. Delivering symbolic objects
& w8 _! d! K" L* o 22. Protest disrobings' c$ h! h" J+ d+ e) ~0 @# [/ S
23. Destruction of own property
/ k2 A" Q/ f% j- B- O3 ~ 24. Symbolic lights, U ^( Z/ A4 ] I5 S7 w* A/ v
25. Displays of portraits, Z2 Y& S, w% i9 T- B. Q
26. Paint as protest, K8 i! J+ |' b# R
27. New signs and names
- x# b, H! b' }. j* W 28. Symbolic sounds, o' v3 d- e* R: }
29. Symbolic reclamations
" g9 T3 V. `2 z2 n8 s* ~6 g- O 30. Rude gestures
& w- e& y, q0 y& v N1 R4 ^
8 z. c' J# V# K5 c, s( f$ \Pressures on Individuals" T) \* z; V- S: |* u _
31. “Haunting” officials/ ^1 g# c: v' T
32. Taunting officials. o% F! Z2 @; e" P- y* c8 j; G( { q
33. Fraternization
( s Y) @& z' P$ _$ Z 34. Vigils
( ^9 i4 a+ l3 f: V" a* ]: v" k9 ?
Drama and Music8 G7 j7 V ^( H/ v/ D, W
35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ M2 c' ]& f. j; D 36. Performances of plays and music. ]" c: F4 ~' p/ @% q) R) N* [
37. Singing
% z, k/ y9 Q9 u- g4 L. N3 ?4 _9 n( a6 ?# b$ e/ M# z; Z' F* H9 W$ o* |
Processions
7 }' W4 e: e) {: X" b! I7 J4 { 38. Marches
- J* e+ p1 F' F! l7 a 39. Parades
9 V, i. f; h+ u9 ]$ t 40. Religious processions7 w: Z$ X3 e/ v5 V7 w* Z( u! Y5 s
41. Pilgrimages9 l2 @% T7 e# P2 e" {
42. Motorcades2 ?6 U, v* O6 Q1 ?
4 @& J' q" i/ I9 C1 e
Honoring the Dead0 G5 g7 k0 c' S
43. Political mourning! [) I' O7 w. I" s5 Q2 W
44. Mock funerals8 O1 o+ F1 `4 ?
45. Demonstrative funerals& a) u1 \8 N( d8 C; j5 t9 s
46. Homage at burial places2 g B( r. G, {' M2 d
2 U4 M# D1 ]8 _* _' z$ J+ o& [6 @
Public Assemblies2 P, j3 G( E' H' b
47. Assemblies of protest or support' G, A: j' \: h( Z3 r5 @5 R R
48. Protest meetings
% ~7 s `! M0 ~6 o2 E 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 c: E2 V& ?" `6 g7 N, H- T
50. Teach-ins9 b+ G2 {1 j, P* Y& N/ d5 S: U+ b! p
5 L0 d5 v' c; |5 S0 l' h1 j+ ^Withdrawal and Renunciation' v' i9 s$ ~2 Y, Y
51. Walk-outs
6 Z9 y) I) Y. f5 S o( g# e- _ 52. Silence. d9 i, ~' t t0 {8 ^3 \' `
53. Renouncing honors( v$ q% H3 i) q7 n
54. Turning one’s back% K4 }9 z; ?( R$ |/ O2 s8 t3 P
+ K' Y9 n9 v- \& u: t/ r
: e" D' t( K) D- s5 d4 p2 B9 q J/ y8 f8 w: d, ?6 J- W; {1 c
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
1 ~4 \. H3 r- t
9 S0 q- g; A5 l7 N; {; P3 T9 P
( y9 }6 A6 I/ e, U7 u* {, |# H; n# E% F- S$ t
Ostracism of Persons3 {: K, ~ Q3 r! Q% J1 ~4 ?* T- W
55. Social boycott
! s$ v c1 U2 h( [, c: W 56. Selective social boycott- q* k6 Z" u5 e( C6 G% O
57. Lysistratic nonaction
, I& j( j! R! K 58. Excommunication+ k; `7 w u8 ^% j. D- @
59. Interdict0 {/ b# ~) H: Z! U
7 ^8 M+ U+ C7 u# ^$ Z' E( e, L+ u
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) O) d$ v+ Y9 E/ A- _ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
, M8 u' r" B9 }" _) I0 m7 P! o6 ~ 61. Boycott of social affairs
# m1 K% b# L; D0 N; F4 O 62. Student strike" g0 i. A+ ]& N% k- f* s$ w Q
63. Social disobedience; Q& \8 B/ A; {$ Z, |6 w% m" {
64. Withdrawal from social institutions% ~4 K( j# c; z1 A" g/ H# L
7 G" T6 L( K) z4 P# AWithdrawal from the Social System" ]9 K1 ~& k2 s4 a" p) J9 C, z7 m
65. Stay-at-home: ^$ I9 i& }! @6 B2 ^: u: }
66. Total personal noncooperation
) R1 C& b6 `) S4 r( Q5 E [1 I' y 67. “Flight” of workers
( k6 N5 F, O# o, c Z 68. Sanctuary; M, u% I% B3 P/ M9 t
69. Collective disappearance0 x) i9 q) U! ^9 r1 ^
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& Y$ y( w# I. t+ D# X# ~
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9 m8 Y5 G( N0 R% E( D. h
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS, J( T5 Q! e q+ l$ E5 V- E
4 Z% j e! ]# | 0 G# d, k- O6 |6 w3 ~
Actions by Consumers5 H( v" A0 c; ^4 o7 ~: {4 X& M
71. Consumers’ boycott
# a5 O3 O* k |% {5 E" e, o' `1 m 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% s% T6 W, p) s$ `, H( v: v 73. Policy of austerity
! c! Y7 V+ v3 t5 @8 O 74. Rent withholding; E L) e: `' _; z# m1 C; W1 _; S
75. Refusal to rent
% s5 E0 Q z9 | \3 R+ t6 c2 d 76. National consumers’ boycott
( l$ S, H3 l" r- ]" O0 n3 q 77. International consumers’ boycott+ p9 N% I) o5 L; Q, v; F
9 d. t3 Q% `% f) Z* H% T! N HAction by Workers and Producers
: x. B9 j5 x/ l+ W" k 78. Workmen’s boycott- k" R- m/ i% M( A/ c L d& y
79. Producers’ boycott
5 w/ O1 u- x% g/ W
* j- M" m$ ]6 _- n. \( zAction by Middlemen
' D1 a( O+ U( X5 J6 X& @5 H* x 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 z/ a/ b$ n) j5 V
+ X, v( Y/ z8 @7 KAction by Owners and Management* Y( V8 Z1 b* I
81. Traders’ boycott! o2 t; p* _6 y8 s! y7 @
82. Refusal to let or sell property
( f3 Y$ {- k+ f 83. Lockout
$ K& }- ^' {( M' _ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance, e% o# _' t6 S! m4 h
85. Merchants’ “general strike”" w: O! [8 U: x
& `2 M1 F8 b) i5 q
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. A' A K* l3 r4 ?8 | 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 h5 ?- C1 M! E2 X$ E( P 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) s" K( _8 Y1 g: W9 S 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 K4 _ A# w a ~7 ~ 89. Severance of funds and credit
% Z$ W$ I8 ~6 s- N/ m 90. Revenue refusal
$ J. s4 z9 }2 \1 _: ` 91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 K. X, S+ {; r3 k$ c; W1 D. o! i' A; X! @. g4 l M. U5 X
Action by Governments
# X/ E/ |; G1 m! B! A: j 92. Domestic embargo# `- O$ W# p. M: v5 M- z& |
93. Blacklisting of traders3 U7 q L( B7 N, ~: N
94. International sellers’ embargo
& y9 {$ T r, y* A 95. International buyers’ embargo
8 o% @0 W7 H9 d2 Z2 r! u. M 96. International trade embargo
( A5 w$ j; c4 O; _$ T0 ~$ B
2 ?& }+ `3 K3 e
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" R" a! f6 ^, O+ Z# t3 F5 Q S; GTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
x0 V k) l' |2 \
$ @# L4 `: }1 K7 g5 k* K5 I% p$ ~/ @
# n$ {( ?/ ?4 m( t, K- s' e+ `Symbolic Strikes
! x. }, q+ T1 s3 r' c 97. Protest strike
/ |1 I( ~7 J# z, b9 E 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)( x) j* f* u& T _5 G
* ^2 J" c$ E+ L) A* S' K2 R$ m" v
Agricultural Strikes
9 G3 [, P' M- {1 w7 j8 R1 B 99. Peasant strike. T# U3 b# D0 `) E5 }$ P7 z% F( e
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ L R( P$ |5 F: J
* |- O3 n: q$ m7 u2 r
Strikes by Special Groups% A9 u' J0 `0 F2 t
101. Refusal of impressed labor* `$ n/ g0 c* G& m
102. Prisoners’ strike$ s+ ? ~4 m1 @! f! j* A, O% m2 U+ `
103. Craft strike
. V+ j. j" N% ^9 d( Z$ Q' u 104. Professional strike
4 n; y0 b! M% y. {/ K& V! w4 S; c/ Q# |( N7 ]. W
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
?3 P& J8 Y. v2 i 105. Establishment strike. x9 m1 x* t* g
106. Industry strike$ }& D6 ?8 o( ~# e6 C5 M u
107. Sympathetic strike6 D2 s% H n6 h# v1 f g% t
- F- Z' L; v: O4 j" k4 S3 d2 TRestricted Strikes
3 m! y/ [8 e; \' L 108. Detailed strike
7 e M# [8 X1 g+ D 109. Bumper strike V/ C7 J& f# l! _ C
110. Slowdown strike
% D( I5 k5 e# r. E! {4 J 111. Working-to-rule strike% S1 v; c4 Q; o A& e: i8 c' F( h
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)( b: A0 F& Z/ T# ?7 s+ W0 @; J
113. Strike by resignation1 {- j* G6 i6 P% k
114. Limited strike
9 Y A, }7 {, J8 Q6 `8 Z 115. Selective strike
' F. R: c! V: _! L& Y4 Q4 I
) A- R; x! m, z) P! A/ EMulti-Industry Strikes' r# t9 V+ m- Y2 [# P1 C3 L# p
, F! g" l5 F) r 116. Generalized strike5 V- L4 H) I1 u( P
; M3 w' o2 c2 x# G" e/ { 117. General strike
# ]* B) c9 D) U T. s+ _; S2 o1 r L# [/ V) v
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 H9 H. _. t' w) u# `* ?, k. N7 F) c- ^
118. Hartal' p0 F) t" J: b" \% {% L" w
4 [0 T0 ^. z8 s* x9 k: x8 T 119. Economic shutdown
8 w4 z2 E8 M4 t2 P, i' I
8 x" r# m V/ e- z# _
$ ~7 e+ d7 M6 m3 n& V- n4 Y
, E/ U" b& Y* `- }' ~7 |/ N/ ~7 ITHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION3 W- r8 E: h7 x( C4 }" ]
) ?3 b0 j6 n' p+ ~6 {
9 I1 h5 S1 G( b% cRejection of Authority* M& y6 [+ W8 ]3 F, t
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* ]0 ~$ V% K% R0 j; D 121. Refusal of public support4 w6 w3 P5 Q# ]+ W$ t; ^8 K" y
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance8 L" e: E0 b) C) }9 J
1 z0 @9 h; Z# D+ t- j# rCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& _" s. N2 [+ i' n: [0 y: V6 Y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 T. k, M; v* O. [. U: |- i
124. Boycott of elections
# O2 n* F& W* I! ]- k 125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 y1 S; }' r( A6 L4 N& ^# K4 a
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) v9 f6 M9 v. N4 @- ^
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 H: G2 \+ W1 |: C" o3 j* p 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' y! K4 K W+ W! Q; s' p 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, ?' s" W" Q* F6 V5 V 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) {9 n- ]% H. \) ^2 ]8 Y 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" D8 c5 b8 F z. g
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 G6 w# R; M! l5 V! g3 u: J5 R B* [% ?- R, A; V* F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# z/ |$ `6 P$ p4 T" H3 N M' Y5 y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, X" L5 l* t5 e 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision* f5 _; t f# m5 B0 u; p
135. Popular nonobedience
- K$ Q6 q' p. u 136. Disguised disobedience
2 T8 v$ ?& O5 W 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ }# o9 U* ? {" T* `! _# u0 W$ ]. e 138. Sitdown
! i" |; N) a2 D/ w+ Z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 N* E" w% [" Q$ S$ A 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 D- j$ Z/ Z4 U# r) U; a
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ Y% m7 ^$ E& S
8 V7 i ~) z( Q/ OAction by Government Personnel
6 V+ z+ [; c. g7 Y 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ G/ e& C7 |. g G$ P& u5 `+ L0 p 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% }- F6 t: q6 I6 `
144. Stalling and obstruction. l. C" y+ ?0 P! K
145. General administrative noncooperation* V' v# G& V b8 n( j, x
$ m7 c7 Y/ u& Z+ j. b
146. Judicial noncooperation, p/ H$ R6 ?6 A
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- a/ Z/ h& K5 f/ H/ Q9 y1 h% g 148. Mutiny6 Z" W) Q7 [8 T0 c! R! G
Domestic Governmental Action; V8 T/ `3 O1 F2 H
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays! ?( E: R& ~) h# D) S1 ?
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
' X b! z& C2 ~! t) z- e' K2 w5 W# Z. V+ R! K0 P& o& B
International Governmental Action4 w" I2 v( G3 B; ?5 E
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 c% G; p& L. r$ Q% ~ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! G1 D' r& z" ^! ^
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 ~, \7 ?. }- O6 I1 |* C
154. Severance of diplomatic relations _% c9 h4 d1 ]+ i
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 w; ?$ F, g5 P2 f6 k1 O6 B 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 k+ e+ J: M* c
157. Expulsion from international organizations% e* h4 O+ j/ m
8 j; }. C# Y5 \. V" g9 E# b
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0 B5 a; H2 U, |
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION( C% u4 o! U2 k, \
+ A# r' k D; b; {" y" b 4 k+ T+ T+ p" T
Psychological Intervention2 Z! m) }2 L% ?% i- X! e2 v1 P
158. Self-exposure to the elements5 l# w: v) |5 a M
159. The fast5 J, L& R* m6 V2 y/ o
a) Fast of moral pressure, v4 n/ d) r0 O4 A9 M7 l
b) Hunger strike( {" _2 O2 B0 O6 B
c) Satyagrahic fast2 R! t! {7 }: Y4 p
160. Reverse trial
/ t+ H5 a# k1 T; p* R, l 161. Nonviolent harassment
. _7 `# u4 ~4 j4 v& D' I$ w5 }
1 a4 f H2 x$ K2 U5 m& ?Physical Intervention
9 ]) v1 E' I4 w 162. Sit-in
9 `" T" v, R- t3 C' M: W! s 163. Stand-in
9 R2 S- ~# M9 ?# h1 s; l# U# x 164. Ride-in7 i c1 S& \9 G: ~% Q& f1 Q
165. Wade-in
" S$ p- ?; Z; i5 Y% m' i! O# F 166. Mill-in! p, [# ^: C5 |0 T# d
167. Pray-in9 v4 h# g, J/ d; w/ e' `
168. Nonviolent raids
. h% p' p; f8 `' G: s 169. Nonviolent air raids' U U: ?/ `! J' T$ S. ]
170. Nonviolent invasion
9 x" y: k0 d9 t7 E; Q, [ 171. Nonviolent interjection
4 O1 I$ u2 S/ v 172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 h' G' X: `7 A% s- K 173. Nonviolent occupation
8 [3 \4 z9 P3 i' t' {3 k5 q
$ ~" r# X: Y8 h& U& V) R# U7 \Social Intervention J8 H4 z2 c( ^, f4 F
174. Establishing new social patterns
& p6 `! S& z0 j3 O0 T- b+ y4 | 175. Overloading of facilities H( i7 [7 e! r1 `2 R+ o. j
176. Stall-in
7 U, J: |# z7 o- \; A2 l$ r" E 177. Speak-in$ r( X2 ?. c# e. T( G" o" O6 ~- f
178. Guerrilla theater
) I9 c9 c- t: K. {" } 179. Alternative social institutions
$ t$ p- n; @- k' n! k 180. Alternative communication system1 d, B8 V6 E3 I4 f3 }. p
$ t: b6 b5 u& u% a P! @
Economic Intervention
0 e( ~ y; p& J. ]1 [" O5 p 181. Reverse strike
3 Z# d7 r! l$ w9 S1 N1 Q 182. Stay-in strike
# F: ^" Q, t0 y2 k* r 183. Nonviolent land seizure
, w V; @- ^, j2 M 184. Defiance of blockades
- j7 |% ^0 h R8 ]2 i( m 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ ^4 e* M3 I2 M. n' h5 { 186. Preclusive purchasing* L8 Y5 C( P+ g! q3 |, ]. ^
187. Seizure of assets
- ]( u$ }+ G6 P/ I" }. | 188. Dumping
7 {: I/ ~9 u# n3 c% b, ` 189. Selective patronage
8 ^- @" ^6 h) I. B* o 190. Alternative markets, J3 _& h. T; c; C6 D4 ?
191. Alternative transportation systems
, r9 `! T4 S2 a( p% I ~% r; S; U 192. Alternative economic institutions
8 ^% e9 F1 V* K1 d6 Y) `0 g. E9 P+ E* D* ]. Z; T; B' q9 [
Political Intervention, C" _# `, o0 q7 \
193. Overloading of administrative systems
% R" G- g) X& K% `- _5 r0 _3 P 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; Q4 F1 |8 |& T( ]; Z% x 195. Seeking imprisonment
# w7 S1 o. K* G$ o* j" M2 d2 n 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ s' t+ M0 H0 N" b) Y+ s) g
197. Work-on without collaboration) |8 K5 B: t }# ^4 A1 |0 U
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 v1 I4 s2 N7 z. C) f- k
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
