 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION4 W' Q/ a. d9 `& T+ f5 k$ z
Formal Statements! f9 h! z6 V; d( l- b7 f1 u
1. Public Speeches
: T# d* x7 Z! O2 \ 2. Letters of opposition or support y# y v# P6 m7 _# q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
( w1 p9 S3 u6 E 4. Signed public statements* z; n0 e4 H6 D. P4 s) {
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
- d3 K; F9 L! U 6. Group or mass petitions7 \1 N: B( I0 w* E/ M
: m$ |2 l; b. G) D& o2 HCommunications with a Wider Audience
4 k4 P% [- U4 a/ c+ D- n' | 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 S. K! ~# l( N: W, C 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications; D/ d4 k4 {1 D V1 ]
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
5 j1 _! }" f. \+ b# M 10. Newspapers and journals8 q6 o- U8 k' m" g1 ~7 R
11. Records, radio, and television
3 i9 y* S# u! l& R+ x+ k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" `4 \0 E" z1 L. o( ^) J3 q1 \9 b* K0 u2 P, _2 V
Group Representations
$ }) d) m7 l! o6 L( x/ M( H 13. Deputations
, t$ ~* U5 q6 R% j' Y 14. Mock awards
; i8 {+ \& P1 T% h 15. Group lobbying
3 C I# C! z1 p, B& Q5 C. P 16. Picketing2 A5 v r, X: F0 j& D- i6 Z; z
17. Mock elections1 Q! D# S1 X) E5 z$ K
' ]9 W0 S# {8 Z4 y3 S1 _6 ~
Symbolic Public Acts" P+ A& C1 W7 i) ]
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. ]- y: j/ E \4 b! K7 x# n, ?- @* o 19. Wearing of symbols
0 \& K6 w( O. [ 20. Prayer and worship
3 J1 \; z7 k4 d 21. Delivering symbolic objects6 m* e& J+ ]& x1 E
22. Protest disrobings
; \+ ~4 t3 U: S3 r( K! ~4 d7 c3 C 23. Destruction of own property( g" x0 v3 W5 v5 M# L% d
24. Symbolic lights+ P2 m+ n) e- C! W; ] u8 E2 i) S
25. Displays of portraits P( W3 W! O/ ~9 k; D" b
26. Paint as protest- X: y$ p1 U1 S) n' o g* L; F
27. New signs and names
N0 W% W3 s# E. [, @1 Y 28. Symbolic sounds
" Z: e, _6 z0 U1 X* h7 j! g8 o 29. Symbolic reclamations
& Y2 ^+ i. e# j& i9 i- y* N 30. Rude gestures
H, X$ s* ~/ W5 B
/ q" G9 E7 R# m8 n9 F6 KPressures on Individuals/ o! v- b; h. v1 k- a
31. “Haunting” officials6 G5 H5 W2 i" X7 d" s3 s9 p' Y
32. Taunting officials
0 m9 P7 M( h3 ^! {# j! Q2 D. p, B0 p 33. Fraternization
, j' S8 M( S3 G 34. Vigils5 I% @! l; }; _
7 o* n' m& g& J' T& ?) p' _Drama and Music' u# j# C# F* z' z. F) t
35. Humorous skits and pranks! [/ }! G3 d. p, U9 S( i
36. Performances of plays and music
" R' r( ~$ g/ s 37. Singing) i, c2 G/ p7 Q- W
% d, j/ x, Z+ Z5 n
Processions
. ^. w! s* s: X7 |. s 38. Marches
( ~/ z% n; j& T9 r( r2 L 39. Parades
. A6 a9 r4 F0 Q$ b/ ? 40. Religious processions3 O+ ~1 j" b1 N/ @( N
41. Pilgrimages7 I/ U( h" E4 N; V9 S+ E
42. Motorcades
5 X# p' k- G) ?% a& ~: c0 ?2 ?" T3 T2 o6 M2 n8 @
Honoring the Dead7 [& u8 F7 M* {
43. Political mourning2 S2 X- Q4 M. j& L" ?1 G* f; c! b
44. Mock funerals
* U. X9 x3 W6 a; a 45. Demonstrative funerals9 h& h/ ~1 \2 d: y) d3 U: ]
46. Homage at burial places, J \/ ~5 q2 {. W/ x4 \0 k
8 ?( s: X Z) }' F8 t' s
Public Assemblies( d. x) V3 L' o* P! {
47. Assemblies of protest or support6 C5 b0 J& O: D) l$ Z! C
48. Protest meetings
% @ E9 g! F7 ?' d2 B; Q8 \$ j 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- W7 `# b3 X5 m0 ?8 \( Z$ ~ 50. Teach-ins& d* K1 ~5 W9 B. H0 d
- w7 H; {* {0 W, w/ V. s1 q. d+ UWithdrawal and Renunciation( p0 `: W5 ^0 D. a5 \
51. Walk-outs
8 e3 W7 D' }3 ?. p 52. Silence4 o8 Z8 b) e5 d# p; ~' @. p7 x
53. Renouncing honors
& g6 ]- x" }% t" T6 t 54. Turning one’s back# f! a) `6 s! z4 u3 e% Q/ J, H
+ V9 s# h6 B6 B
) G1 m' {' C, |; P- `) \0 n5 D* g. T- a1 l; Y
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION i: I2 ]3 k w) l. T9 [
3 b9 g7 s& h, H; g8 P/ i : R. ?, J5 J7 J2 n( k* c
# U& J5 S2 t) O+ Y9 t: c2 M. }
Ostracism of Persons" b) t* B- E- m) y+ @* j
55. Social boycott8 I& t4 I1 _ R, m. d2 k
56. Selective social boycott: T# d9 u( u+ D3 t8 F
57. Lysistratic nonaction
" j4 ]% y, E E' d6 l 58. Excommunication
, \% ?" E" x. o# D7 Y 59. Interdict% u9 Y0 }: P8 ?4 G2 s
, x! b, @( M# ~: X. \
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions% T ~2 \# O; ^$ r- x# I3 C' R. E
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
2 j7 L3 Z; [0 p' p 61. Boycott of social affairs
: X5 r" r4 w7 ?5 c- D 62. Student strike4 O: s e$ R: S6 P3 k2 ?
63. Social disobedience
% p6 M% y5 w% r; ^+ F9 v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ a' r1 b3 @, G3 J, n u# c8 k
8 N, |, J: m5 e3 h2 I4 H& s7 NWithdrawal from the Social System
% J* U- W( T0 l" I. _6 o& I 65. Stay-at-home6 S7 Z! U3 C9 \$ Z1 P Q/ P; [ q
66. Total personal noncooperation/ e; o/ o" Z& S- z2 e* {
67. “Flight” of workers
; c7 h% M6 g8 f9 A* I 68. Sanctuary
" C. c5 v/ m$ r6 B5 ]$ N, f 69. Collective disappearance, d( y" W: q3 }5 q7 _
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 R6 @0 V6 `/ t& C
8 Z" u- q+ i# c% J& d
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: q x9 Z6 p7 a3 D7 F5 QTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: I3 `% J8 Z! P% M! r5 @
9 R# R p; O( d% ?- k7 R( |8 x( @5 s
7 p2 q+ y! b$ a. ~2 GActions by Consumers6 h" v, ~% J6 P: O0 G) @/ r$ n, G
71. Consumers’ boycott
+ G1 ]- E' U D U 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: B: I, L; s& o: ]9 n* [ S
73. Policy of austerity
) `' d5 E) {+ Z. n7 A 74. Rent withholding
5 B* c: {* b+ a( K" R8 i 75. Refusal to rent
/ u& a" `3 b( M9 u' H5 N; U 76. National consumers’ boycott
( B! q; V' a3 U0 U 77. International consumers’ boycott5 b" B, ^" m6 I$ K# u3 r9 G. y" }# s
6 `+ H- B, |2 `, E6 Z0 h& wAction by Workers and Producers; G* V! B4 Z$ P- M
78. Workmen’s boycott
& M. i) i: Y. ?/ b3 g8 \2 e 79. Producers’ boycott# M- N* Y% d' Z# i
( z6 I0 T8 d# t4 D3 y6 c# iAction by Middlemen8 I9 l a, }9 i( V4 n8 }6 w: A7 E% _
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott/ k& z; G& i) j$ V( n
- I9 i5 d4 H* [5 o. b) x" G: V7 Z, o
Action by Owners and Management7 n) n8 C) |! J$ b( O: G$ \
81. Traders’ boycott- V% U1 v2 Z! C' P6 u4 E
82. Refusal to let or sell property) l3 T3 D5 d. `+ ?! @
83. Lockout: @' v* p3 m2 F, `
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) `* r& f+ |) M 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: b$ j l, J) F) Q4 s5 J* B* S! W, y# s2 V5 W- Q
Action by Holders of Financial Resources3 T$ h( }' X+ T* k2 c
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 {) d- [" \; F% _
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ o. e( d7 j8 d
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 T5 v5 S6 ~* N/ H* ]* k8 O q7 }. ~
89. Severance of funds and credit: @( ^8 }8 h% Q5 \5 \' L
90. Revenue refusal
X h3 K/ a2 ^5 Y6 C5 ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 _+ {: D/ y, F: _, H$ O7 T# ~/ u3 F5 B2 [; d% @4 N
Action by Governments
) F; |$ \& R/ k+ x. c4 [" Y& e 92. Domestic embargo0 p8 Y1 `( _, }6 m
93. Blacklisting of traders
( N9 n: R+ P; U! n# l: W5 | 94. International sellers’ embargo
2 q! X! G" e, ~& I, l+ g% ^ 95. International buyers’ embargo1 w4 `9 h+ ^* ?' I8 d! H
96. International trade embargo) \: W$ C" V9 A: n0 G- x' k
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7 }( b3 K# Y9 [0 i' R% gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
1 i. \) o9 g8 L. B7 U% q7 f. n( O2 x& W8 v
: j/ `* A0 Z# g' d4 L* OSymbolic Strikes
- T0 f$ ]' Q2 V 97. Protest strike
1 i7 h% h# g% Z1 {" x9 P% B 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
z/ f& P K7 R, X2 k# Y0 d" n o) i; e4 w3 \! A
Agricultural Strikes
5 f; F. p" P. L- d. Y4 U 99. Peasant strike
. M- K, ]+ N5 X5 J 100. Farm Workers’ strike$ ~' r1 B1 ~! u& w ^. i
/ B! x& e2 [. V4 f* T6 K
Strikes by Special Groups* N8 R3 [* Q# b' T& J. m4 t; I% u
101. Refusal of impressed labor
; T+ B% [3 n+ P* T" j* o9 M 102. Prisoners’ strike
* | \$ B- j" w& v0 O 103. Craft strike% p5 s. U% n& ?+ z% }
104. Professional strike9 n* ?8 ^* @( @8 m
( B) V- w/ q% ?" e j3 q
Ordinary Industrial Strikes* m3 P7 u7 X* a; b
105. Establishment strike' t) ^# S3 T) Y. Z; Y `6 U
106. Industry strike6 ]* w* ?. N! { }5 q
107. Sympathetic strike4 K3 S/ _. f% W8 P8 p
& E. }& {$ T8 O
Restricted Strikes& j- g: ]1 ^" q% R+ l/ R
108. Detailed strike
3 m9 j" b, W6 y7 @ 109. Bumper strike7 e( u+ m/ D8 {5 r7 f
110. Slowdown strike
: n7 e# V9 r& e" M# `' |) H* A# j 111. Working-to-rule strike+ K3 G3 Q1 c+ e" F' w8 D: z
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ w1 F& u5 S( Z! s1 l/ w 113. Strike by resignation/ Q* Z% ^% ^. ?+ U R: z7 M
114. Limited strike
3 v' q9 b9 ^* e' h 115. Selective strike6 f- Z5 o' I: W$ _/ Y, ?. K
* M, o/ ]# I0 X6 C' [1 FMulti-Industry Strikes- t0 l6 T" Z, E3 G$ [# q
8 e/ q# f0 J. I7 {
116. Generalized strike1 u2 V, d' a# T' [& \5 F# j) |
4 n9 Z; y! {! I t- x# Q1 Q1 H 117. General strike
, n" R% `5 j) D* N2 {, f; b$ _. [3 H% c
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ K5 l5 M& B0 J. q9 ?2 N* \( }' c. }* A) k7 M) ^* I& r2 H* z. d/ D
118. Hartal
9 y h# R$ B8 m' K) e& j' J+ U" G9 s8 z& C7 w( D4 j2 v
119. Economic shutdown# q+ d: Z1 p7 v6 A3 `; v! t3 ], ?4 S
2 ^: E; o& e! k3 c4 p
: Y' Q4 [$ x% Y( G* g9 x0 X1 k2 q- T
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION2 f6 M' o' m, q% i5 h# Q
& k/ O0 v" R2 b# ]3 g9 W
8 g9 m/ B% e. `+ G' JRejection of Authority
Q6 i/ K; Q- F" y8 ` 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 o" z$ V* y/ h- i: R5 V" g
121. Refusal of public support
$ e( j: y2 B1 K7 G0 y 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ f7 I# _( I. u; B: J, x
$ k# G! E) m9 ~$ U gCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- t) Y9 D0 k3 e. [' q5 |+ k, ?: k 123. Boycott of legislative bodies: Y' J$ M0 F) I' a5 j$ q- c
124. Boycott of elections
, _, x' E0 [4 R3 R 125. Boycott of government employment and positions! T3 Y% `3 h, k0 n* C3 h
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 E. B: B+ H$ n
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions& }7 S+ [9 p' X; p# `
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 D! b5 z u7 Z2 P, U 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 G2 l2 B* a0 l 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& `. U: U$ i9 ?
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 O: T/ o4 D k6 W' y8 [, B( Y 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) R0 ^/ k. t: D, I
( A" g1 b0 T+ O% HCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
C6 a0 A7 L/ K4 w0 X' b 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 N6 I' q8 b3 ?. C8 z8 |' D( k4 U 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision6 S- c$ u" x0 F+ c( d6 _4 w+ T
135. Popular nonobedience7 T" U: c4 g: E8 j$ h$ w
136. Disguised disobedience5 V/ p7 D: ~ _# Z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse) ^( n$ o1 {8 C/ h1 d6 e2 N
138. Sitdown2 m Q7 _- C5 g6 H
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 H/ L8 Y4 M+ T, R 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 a. L4 a4 E2 @/ q" ^ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws. ~# A( F4 R: S" b. L
; I* F4 L2 I1 h, @Action by Government Personnel
1 h. J0 [* d9 v: g' t. W { 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 M) ]* U' `; a
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ B, |& ^9 e+ r- p3 F. P 144. Stalling and obstruction' w: z2 ?7 O+ O! m0 B
145. General administrative noncooperation
. l8 H/ ~# I) Y
! | i8 O* z2 t# l3 A5 u4 b0 g! x 146. Judicial noncooperation8 w( a! m& [9 S3 A
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 X2 K: ^- w0 R& A
148. Mutiny
) o& |; w% J f9 R5 ^( ~9 WDomestic Governmental Action( l+ ^/ s0 r3 r9 J& Z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 N+ k1 `, X5 R) N
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" U9 n" m w3 v7 r, g$ @; p
. J+ }6 b. [" H; m! Q9 N; ?- a
International Governmental Action
. \# G3 D# D& j! G) t, u 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. v- n4 u& m) w+ o, q. @, q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 R1 h* x. D2 }6 p ?
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 S B' d/ r! w% a x3 g7 @ g
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- @0 @7 W$ ~) [) | r( c5 J
155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 R! n( y X1 M6 s! j
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies$ J% a& V0 W) g! E$ A4 }& m) J: l
157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 I9 V& P; _5 N0 b
( _7 K* L# L" M/ N6 L1 r 8 l, A! h4 m) d0 u: F" b& A8 w/ F
# g% n. ~6 L3 f. J1 s% m
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
3 D! Y4 a- ` Q$ T& k0 c: R
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6 Y5 c+ c5 e1 y9 tPsychological Intervention
' N2 C2 P; t! j- O( U7 I( y 158. Self-exposure to the elements. b/ |9 v. u: A# x
159. The fast( J! X5 j, g# j/ n4 V7 Q3 E- A
a) Fast of moral pressure; s: ?, Z5 \ c/ [/ Q" }7 z$ H
b) Hunger strike
4 Y+ r+ T; ?" F( S5 F" @4 S5 m c) Satyagrahic fast% O: ^* v" v7 x* F
160. Reverse trial2 R$ X% ~( f3 z
161. Nonviolent harassment: |7 ?# p; \: x
/ a; Y* |' O3 Z3 g, b% @+ w
Physical Intervention/ S0 Q! o( p3 W. P0 v' x
162. Sit-in) K! F& z, h; @: b
163. Stand-in# r1 B8 [3 |: G2 C% G
164. Ride-in
7 p, T) {# |+ X% O3 X7 u, w 165. Wade-in
. R' r! k, N3 q3 Z 166. Mill-in
7 x h( _4 @' k# p; f0 p z' D3 ` 167. Pray-in( h2 N+ n& @ r: ]4 z# o$ [
168. Nonviolent raids
: f: w( W+ T" }" L 169. Nonviolent air raids
. H+ K1 j0 j6 f 170. Nonviolent invasion
5 P, N! K# k' r+ i, ` 171. Nonviolent interjection
: s4 p. P T! y: m' y6 p 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 i0 n0 F( W. e% h. Q" G# G
173. Nonviolent occupation
, ?2 L8 B. U+ \2 T
2 k% l# K) W0 J5 j1 HSocial Intervention
) L, ~) p9 t3 V5 G 174. Establishing new social patterns1 O/ `: }3 h. u% Y& K
175. Overloading of facilities" ]/ s3 c" Z) Q; C* m
176. Stall-in
, L% T4 F: X+ Y* g: J4 M& a% I 177. Speak-in
$ j7 X1 N' S: O) ^1 L1 ?# g y* ?9 _0 G 178. Guerrilla theater. ~6 ]( ~2 Y5 m) `* B/ O1 U: ~
179. Alternative social institutions! q8 q7 b7 O4 d# _( i
180. Alternative communication system
0 l4 p# ^' u' w' \, h/ q
$ c! |/ S2 u4 tEconomic Intervention+ _) |6 \. {5 O2 C" F5 X4 i# U
181. Reverse strike! Y3 `; r! {# K+ G: K( ]
182. Stay-in strike
, W' }+ K5 G9 U 183. Nonviolent land seizure# P/ t/ H2 |. z3 T& D2 c, J
184. Defiance of blockades8 Q, ?4 L' Q" q& {
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) r9 g" V1 ~5 ] k0 t% G" y' d 186. Preclusive purchasing: f1 R( K2 e5 o9 r! l: G; E
187. Seizure of assets" x5 V; c: J! D# c
188. Dumping
8 o9 y6 e: E. D 189. Selective patronage
" R: r: x0 u K: d% k4 M6 c" W 190. Alternative markets' G# }+ Z9 N* v/ ], K
191. Alternative transportation systems
8 v6 q1 E1 w' X% q 192. Alternative economic institutions
. `& G& N W! ]; b8 n) E2 e8 n$ ^; P/ P
Political Intervention
$ a* O% n. f6 L: _+ \ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 s+ @% k6 ?% G; B. U& ]; I5 T$ } 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; E/ K% D9 p( O
195. Seeking imprisonment6 K7 b! C8 l& Z; E
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws- {) z* D2 {# ?" V: [6 y+ E
197. Work-on without collaboration
2 X4 T8 D( t- b" u+ t 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
: G- ?; l0 H3 s! L& ^5 E T1 E
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
