 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
7 v* i% x/ M* E# F- N; @7 o/ [Formal Statements
& i: d& S' @# g! N l7 Y1 @ J 1. Public Speeches
6 k! F2 c5 t% ]% r4 B3 v+ a. ^ 2. Letters of opposition or support) U: O) R5 }9 ]3 O& B, E
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" l. T0 i. Q6 o- @6 _# o4 B 4. Signed public statements
, T2 d O; D& `. R& k/ d B 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
* ~. S7 [8 V( i" k1 ]- n7 w' v$ a6 G+ S 6. Group or mass petitions4 s; o; ]- ?+ U% N
, s" x) ?( r, Y# n6 E+ v I7 `Communications with a Wider Audience
5 u4 F8 s% N% j5 s3 f7 s 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols& k* ^/ O# D5 g- D
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications3 L6 ?+ Q; [; l! j9 ]1 R1 F
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
k! y/ i2 f# O" k5 O 10. Newspapers and journals U" a( }: M, _. I
11. Records, radio, and television
- A/ K4 \7 [$ K/ A 12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ V' Z% T4 y" s4 G5 y5 [
! P# K4 N2 n+ G' X9 ]
Group Representations
, Z) Z, v3 e# b- X" K% V3 x( u 13. Deputations
0 c: J8 A$ }% J0 F5 p/ t# c9 `6 ~ 14. Mock awards6 [; W" S5 S( [1 n
15. Group lobbying
! U9 N1 E: z+ X. R/ c 16. Picketing
3 L; ~; i1 S* d1 Z 17. Mock elections
( t d* ?6 ^1 o; w0 \! N0 B7 v9 ]7 S) c
Symbolic Public Acts
2 o, N, K; z! b- s' L, V 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors* a H W7 L* X7 A4 b
19. Wearing of symbols
3 v; v/ P9 e( U3 {9 q7 l( g7 ?& M 20. Prayer and worship
8 o2 V9 ?( K; e s$ U. s$ v 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 i8 K* S: ~9 \9 V8 m% | 22. Protest disrobings
8 P& a, ^) c2 B# @ 23. Destruction of own property
0 i& O4 J4 `; O F 24. Symbolic lights
1 Z: m% m, D" \$ ^& ?: C 25. Displays of portraits) R2 k4 k# d; c! c, K' R
26. Paint as protest8 u& F1 |& {3 D5 n9 f" [; Z, u
27. New signs and names
/ Q; J7 D' ]% y2 ^- \ 28. Symbolic sounds' K. k/ L6 s; n4 O( H, M
29. Symbolic reclamations
X* B5 g9 ]' P; k- G 30. Rude gestures
% @ k7 Q; C2 D& A
8 d" Z* q. o8 O hPressures on Individuals
" _: K" H$ X k3 n9 x+ x! P, W 31. “Haunting” officials
9 ~& Y) k) @6 s) z' Q 32. Taunting officials% ?- ~* h0 x( x2 L+ v6 k
33. Fraternization0 M% h' N) O# G9 u! ?
34. Vigils7 A% I2 o" T- o& V# b4 e8 y& [
8 e* e- u8 P) S3 r8 A5 TDrama and Music
o& ~" g+ u+ l: t( c# n 35. Humorous skits and pranks& p" b" Q6 x% }( ]* d, e% c
36. Performances of plays and music
2 A, P7 r1 j& `8 Y 37. Singing, b2 g. U' m; e( X" ^6 D+ S& {
, S) Q# s' U5 I" }Processions
' N% [* e5 o3 S 38. Marches
# F; N" [, i/ N2 U9 ~3 s 39. Parades
, X8 O3 b3 V/ }! G4 t 40. Religious processions
o& j; U4 o; I! t5 @3 p 41. Pilgrimages' A9 u4 v2 h. i' A: Z& G( B) r& e
42. Motorcades& H* L4 D# C" b) e9 @* n- C5 |
h% y% J: a0 [5 R
Honoring the Dead
, I- l8 m+ {* @ 43. Political mourning. Q0 i" A, F/ P! A {
44. Mock funerals
( U1 i; `: P2 t$ G+ Y1 j% v q 45. Demonstrative funerals) T; B- E9 z' y+ n3 a) S8 o
46. Homage at burial places
6 h+ P8 u% E m9 D. o$ X. J L. N- h
& M4 A0 ~: n. i8 uPublic Assemblies
7 U2 i- D: X7 [. c: u 47. Assemblies of protest or support* I, B: _7 w: u, D0 ^ z7 t+ J
48. Protest meetings
' u* C4 b/ x& C) t* B: ` 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 n' V, X* L! N6 B- N7 ?7 K5 ^
50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 b) v& W1 N3 L1 k! |3 c 51. Walk-outs
% ]. f, d& }6 X; [' v 52. Silence* t9 R) {" A6 J
53. Renouncing honors- @; i* o; r1 O8 Y: f1 N8 V
54. Turning one’s back
" _6 m( r" V* ]% _8 f4 A8 W A6 c) Z
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" P. s. i3 C0 K5 `# YTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ O+ O5 c4 s- a
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0 ?: l- L; ^; s' o5 _$ d2 ]1 ]5 U6 [: b' `3 d& m
Ostracism of Persons8 t; F/ R9 l, N R. v
55. Social boycott
9 D. N/ ?# U$ ~# Z$ L( a. F 56. Selective social boycott) \; g8 i( K0 B' R) K" J7 z5 N
57. Lysistratic nonaction0 U y2 k7 w* B" M) {0 b
58. Excommunication
' y$ k+ U4 l1 g4 H 59. Interdict
4 w1 H t" U0 s8 D; U' `; e* o* W. G, U6 m9 D/ n
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, S; | J2 R$ j& o( f$ v
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 ?2 r) [/ v' u4 Y, @0 v 61. Boycott of social affairs
: D# ~. V) e' [8 } 62. Student strike
; {1 Z& j3 ?6 U3 ] y 63. Social disobedience! ]1 o3 N: i' a6 R' k6 W
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 K# q5 g2 P# u0 z0 c c) z
3 a* ^* g0 P z) ^) {- M5 R, RWithdrawal from the Social System4 U! ~5 b# ?' y- M( I
65. Stay-at-home2 ` {7 ?7 b5 j% j: D9 ~# v
66. Total personal noncooperation
" b r: p# Q1 s* ^( K 67. “Flight” of workers
+ x6 F- @5 ~7 e" R 68. Sanctuary+ B" g& ~1 R# }4 |0 d: F
69. Collective disappearance( {' ~; q" r$ q5 U" o t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat), i4 j7 f" ^0 E0 s* a- ?
6 {0 }5 F& ] y+ J$ x7 K
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 o& Y# k) E. O# Z. V+ Y
0 Q7 s. o5 o3 d
0 W1 q* W& l4 \+ f, H1 w `3 k4 VActions by Consumers
9 o* C! r! Y+ n4 l0 n% U' P 71. Consumers’ boycott, \$ o/ W9 F. f5 U" w$ f+ o [: e
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 \+ a5 j) p) {" Y9 X) ^; A 73. Policy of austerity2 [* [& B8 P$ K7 d- `
74. Rent withholding t. n" {' r8 s/ u% c) `
75. Refusal to rent7 L* b( I6 n% `. \: ^0 Q6 n, y
76. National consumers’ boycott
( q5 h# \# I9 }5 u) k1 u. q 77. International consumers’ boycott! ^* V* r/ l& E( W+ O$ B
8 H8 j: g( k1 _) g' D' M4 i
Action by Workers and Producers: J& d3 Y- x* v' }9 E4 p
78. Workmen’s boycott
0 e- Z2 i' I' ~* q/ u6 a" Q* _# N o, I 79. Producers’ boycott
. v @! {) z' S- ]6 Z9 U5 _" i: ~1 C# E0 L" m# }3 J2 @& q7 L* L
Action by Middlemen6 P# L& \+ W/ m# m1 v5 Y2 J
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 I. ~4 X0 B: g! A5 M; c' v6 e4 x! t9 j6 R0 ^; X
Action by Owners and Management
3 H# s; z; w" T" P/ Q, A+ O 81. Traders’ boycott
) R# o1 v a, Y5 w9 H 82. Refusal to let or sell property# X: e% o2 {7 `# \+ X
83. Lockout' ?' b( p' i. O% w9 n
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 F% E9 L8 v) s 85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 P/ H9 ]$ Z% K( i: b Y
) E0 W9 U+ I% K+ F0 e5 D2 |
Action by Holders of Financial Resources7 i0 [5 B) |4 v. S* `, _7 R! E
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% R6 M4 y: \$ u
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) i; V1 m! h. @# y% ]# ^. z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ ]( V; _! n7 ^: a7 H3 V& ~
89. Severance of funds and credit
' V8 Q! f' ]# v 90. Revenue refusal
& m& y0 k s/ T( E; \9 z 91. Refusal of a government’s money
, ?% ^* f6 }; s9 v$ I, x* Q. f8 v7 [) V6 o4 U
Action by Governments
' ?9 b6 R) G& U8 x/ `" J P G. x 92. Domestic embargo( P7 M3 s3 h( y; B# S
93. Blacklisting of traders3 K( r0 ~! @/ \9 h
94. International sellers’ embargo- o% T* Y1 R. l4 X( a4 e5 L
95. International buyers’ embargo$ O& Q4 f/ x; q
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 J# {8 b( ~- |! K- I' B- a4 ~
9 T" f" P; d) x3 A0 Y) D$ A8 f 8 N ]7 m$ n2 F
Symbolic Strikes* B( E$ L: Z( M
97. Protest strike4 i4 s; W# I! S; Y& A
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ n! @- g2 H% c/ ^& u6 J) G: M
: U- t, i8 X# Y) X5 m, f P9 r" K, `' T& ?Agricultural Strikes$ P' l0 x" B. i9 R0 r
99. Peasant strike; ~/ R% B( I1 n* d
100. Farm Workers’ strike) v0 z+ v% o4 u
2 i6 p( ^& e& P. W0 C
Strikes by Special Groups5 l+ c" y, o" V& N) m( C5 t9 ] o
101. Refusal of impressed labor6 M2 K3 t& ?. t
102. Prisoners’ strike
! R: ?/ t- R0 o" m# G6 f7 Y" c1 e 103. Craft strike& {6 x5 u( I3 ~, L
104. Professional strike# ~ _$ H# h2 D/ c7 t
# }& Q! E) c" h! x" kOrdinary Industrial Strikes- S# W5 \0 w1 `) C
105. Establishment strike
1 v$ P5 J8 B: v; R 106. Industry strike
; k; x2 Q/ z5 Z# P ~ 107. Sympathetic strike
% R$ j t7 }1 f3 o- o+ z
$ j4 Z) N" f4 ~- Q+ K' g2 l4 SRestricted Strikes
# y/ n/ H/ Q( o {: ^ 108. Detailed strike( B9 }$ T/ Q# X; @5 t, z
109. Bumper strike
# e( I. ~; H( X8 @) c, }7 b 110. Slowdown strike
6 v# s9 `# U4 ?7 \9 k6 B( d8 | 111. Working-to-rule strike: `5 O( @ l4 b" R$ G
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in) K5 o/ e6 d9 ]3 R/ l/ R
113. Strike by resignation
/ `; [3 {4 n& y; w 114. Limited strike
7 i9 Y+ @. j9 A+ p$ P 115. Selective strike0 Z: v" M5 P( c
% z3 A( n! X9 d, E" G7 n. SMulti-Industry Strikes: v5 @ |! y+ v0 J: l
8 ~$ z# \2 p5 R
116. Generalized strike
3 u+ O! X! b8 V' F, ]- C. O, U) y
117. General strike( F+ g5 G0 b8 l/ m
0 k7 W4 P2 L9 H" K" l9 BCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( [1 S6 ?$ O- x6 ~- L* \3 g; _: t$ G
118. Hartal
( n a/ U( f5 c* X
+ `! V0 N; @) z 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION4 v0 g8 ^& f; C0 t; N/ u2 E. V
6 A9 ~' M/ e1 b. v/ Q: `+ i
. y; L* W2 B& W, BRejection of Authority' b" G' W$ S' z
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, v; o/ |* p, v1 a0 B+ P
121. Refusal of public support9 U5 T2 a# {# e
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance. z) ~6 W: H4 P5 L
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 R2 L/ W6 P2 D8 i2 T. @
123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 g" {/ B9 q. H$ S7 j
124. Boycott of elections( Q- _. W% w) S# x
125. Boycott of government employment and positions- W4 k D7 K' x5 U
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( N3 R, W( r2 G8 J
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
) a% g; y, t: W( G! I" }# |! @$ H 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
* S/ [8 p. `# S$ `) A 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# W" k- U' }1 N8 Y& J* @0 Q- a 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks2 I% v( n t7 L. N( I( p9 g K
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- Z. [4 z$ J( y& m1 R+ |# n2 w
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- O$ i% { U; N
5 S& U9 {' o; l- wCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience- b! ^, \/ B. _8 z8 F
133. Reluctant and slow compliance [! B, d, \2 K, _; y w3 Z x
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; x" p* }" j% y1 K
135. Popular nonobedience* }' A6 w1 P+ F
136. Disguised disobedience
6 Y; B4 _' h/ I) _: ] 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 Y5 J1 [3 }2 T* x 138. Sitdown
2 B/ |, i8 v4 x& K; f8 ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% K! G) L* h v# d' g8 h% H% a
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
" m! W, I/ d$ }2 f& X 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 D8 G4 s6 B' l/ T$ F2 O9 \
+ L* g. T+ ]/ C- v
Action by Government Personnel8 Y2 y( j. Q3 i" M+ o0 u
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; m: G4 k, t) b# o. O8 E 143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 s8 R% Y2 O+ x0 U
144. Stalling and obstruction
4 H b3 z5 h/ Y; e 145. General administrative noncooperation
2 L. l" x0 t% Q& J, e9 Z2 E
8 j2 G; O; O& Z9 Z: ] 146. Judicial noncooperation: Y$ a6 k( y& @! J
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ K+ j( x% q- i! l( p; b
148. Mutiny
$ t; e4 ~7 b# I0 f5 L3 nDomestic Governmental Action+ E# B# {8 @8 \9 L/ l8 i
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays% y( ]- A- p6 v+ ~! D8 _7 E. E
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; \3 ]# U9 A3 h$ x
; z$ P" {& e& p2 c: Z' k
International Governmental Action
% f# S- F$ e2 c6 U. ^2 J l 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) S; |. D; O9 V% {4 @% S 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
, F' s$ r T3 J( g g6 ?6 B. d, l( ` 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 a& _' f: A% E/ n3 k
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
! t" W% h% w0 o4 m; X( t7 b O 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
1 Q2 D' F K) k% v$ E 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 m( T/ g5 i; G/ x8 W; l3 M 157. Expulsion from international organizations4 a( `. }% p* b7 V, F
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0 D0 m; R# a" q7 | DTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# V0 d3 M9 g9 O7 d% _5 }, a
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Psychological Intervention2 z: g6 p# r& c' R2 n8 ^9 }
158. Self-exposure to the elements i9 n. o/ e: X8 U- b/ @
159. The fast' @; ^% j3 c! o Q: I2 r
a) Fast of moral pressure
5 p0 J; z1 r( @ G$ K* P b) Hunger strike
5 j2 e6 x0 P* l c) Satyagrahic fast4 {( V, G1 L$ q. _; N. x
160. Reverse trial
x% B Z+ ~/ S6 b- | 161. Nonviolent harassment8 w4 F6 h$ ~8 Y3 r- v1 T
* F( @: o2 a- k9 o
Physical Intervention5 G/ b6 W1 Z8 H
162. Sit-in5 r( w% G2 `- Z# i% H
163. Stand-in
; U5 G! }( Q8 O! S 164. Ride-in
6 i/ c! l3 l. h8 q! d3 P) ^7 {& b 165. Wade-in
K# t4 W2 G4 l- O. o3 X1 C$ F 166. Mill-in
/ t- Z$ S E1 G3 n, ~ 167. Pray-in
1 k5 O/ n: J) l ^# o 168. Nonviolent raids: u% ]+ v- D$ A/ ~6 h; g
169. Nonviolent air raids: U" o! d0 ^ S$ }; z( U
170. Nonviolent invasion- U* q% B. Q+ J3 p+ H
171. Nonviolent interjection: Z# D( Z% J& Q* ^" [ p
172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 B" d! h9 K9 ~* n- d 173. Nonviolent occupation
4 l8 V% [! Z1 l4 h. ~4 P3 Y
, u1 o; w/ Z) P M/ {Social Intervention
' z/ w* p# x! v 174. Establishing new social patterns
8 k, D# A# L+ ~: m- _ 175. Overloading of facilities
3 p% p. [8 r# y/ r, N 176. Stall-in
* F) d# b6 l! y. E3 l 177. Speak-in
% H/ u2 T' E; b 178. Guerrilla theater2 c. \* r6 k: @$ s4 w
179. Alternative social institutions
5 Z8 D$ v- m/ x8 T1 A& x 180. Alternative communication system( c4 M2 p0 }( ~: Q' T
- S+ G6 e5 i- v2 j, Q0 P/ t/ \' rEconomic Intervention6 Z& e& Z+ v, v* A% h6 |
181. Reverse strike
/ n2 W/ Z, m* C2 X 182. Stay-in strike
& q3 Y- |) s% a3 h6 Y 183. Nonviolent land seizure1 a: @) z6 R) M6 J
184. Defiance of blockades
5 m2 |. J1 M: L3 b3 {- y5 P 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; n1 `: F' G! l+ W1 n9 z3 K- V8 H
186. Preclusive purchasing; v+ s( \" |6 X
187. Seizure of assets
5 T- D3 \% T: O 188. Dumping; u" X: F% B( H* }3 z
189. Selective patronage
8 A6 O5 g2 l4 Q7 N: J: k) ?0 ^ 190. Alternative markets
( O0 r/ L5 N" t* T* G/ { k 191. Alternative transportation systems: O4 C4 R1 R3 G5 o6 n* A; E
192. Alternative economic institutions: a6 V% m0 v$ H; U% D5 F* {. @: U9 P
% W7 g U, T7 l7 Q
Political Intervention
: E) L# q; z* t6 e; [* u! z 193. Overloading of administrative systems. c4 s8 u: R" D5 K/ K5 q4 n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents: q9 L/ _$ A6 Z
195. Seeking imprisonment
4 K9 `8 i, z3 o$ W. Q3 i- V 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
5 A; J: k8 \- \ 197. Work-on without collaboration
& {) }; F, _* C8 `! q# M 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
