 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 K9 L6 i( W$ K4 G
Formal Statements
1 J: B& N! q! N* A8 h* R3 o 1. Public Speeches5 z. ^$ L6 C. F
2. Letters of opposition or support
0 F7 ?% n5 Y x+ ~ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; V4 e8 U. h$ b2 V
4. Signed public statements$ a* b- k3 t* Y4 I# E+ _* E x; P
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 y6 W m$ k6 A" _1 N0 ~ 6. Group or mass petitions
, w4 `4 S9 n2 `# K6 s9 y2 w% p$ B7 _; ^. A, t2 `2 g9 J
Communications with a Wider Audience3 G; G, F4 S" }6 \
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
k4 A6 G& u4 U# h' S0 N 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 s7 F; x5 @( K T. a 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; E: s1 `3 T X- u
10. Newspapers and journals
% p9 W) P x. d# M/ H 11. Records, radio, and television
L q. ~ G, P5 F( a% s 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 |1 W3 G. I: T$ y
8 l# m# V! k4 z: L0 M6 I& ?% ]) oGroup Representations
6 b# e* f% L; ~4 d 13. Deputations6 M+ _1 G* S3 t
14. Mock awards' c' p, G4 B1 h
15. Group lobbying
- ~5 V9 r9 S5 V! ]9 R/ h% x 16. Picketing- g/ C P0 {7 k/ s, B0 g* I3 G+ H
17. Mock elections
8 h# m0 I7 @9 b) a' j1 v5 ~. q4 {$ Z8 q8 ]9 N
Symbolic Public Acts
$ v+ ^$ x# z4 R2 S7 A2 c. { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 x* V) C+ z c0 f
19. Wearing of symbols) j3 N0 H7 [0 E5 x
20. Prayer and worship) {) }* @0 ^8 ` P- n o
21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 f; V5 J. }9 n2 L2 s3 L0 s, J 22. Protest disrobings( B1 |; J4 ]! |! Y' V
23. Destruction of own property# E: r( j3 i7 w8 O# [
24. Symbolic lights
$ B' y* D8 l' l7 @ 25. Displays of portraits
( { h, @ R. u 26. Paint as protest5 I2 S3 q7 O$ [+ [9 N
27. New signs and names/ |4 N" e* i" H' W. C K3 v
28. Symbolic sounds' _* C$ E5 M; @8 x; f( w! O
29. Symbolic reclamations9 E1 O* c; C: a/ a
30. Rude gestures
* q6 `/ ~. s; R" n& f: d% d8 @7 N3 Q" V, ]
3 ^6 @* ^9 w% vPressures on Individuals: \/ q1 F1 E5 `
31. “Haunting” officials
) _+ n3 |7 S! t+ D7 N8 w# ]4 [ 32. Taunting officials3 e7 ?' `. _3 N% Y
33. Fraternization# N, ~7 s8 }; D8 l8 ?& z& U
34. Vigils# D9 a9 o- n$ L A3 Z
! \" V# s) q& M! B" Q: d
Drama and Music0 S: r; P5 y& ~7 d' l5 \( V! q
35. Humorous skits and pranks9 b- f* Q# K6 ~8 B: ~
36. Performances of plays and music
% A6 S( F7 r3 E/ u" g 37. Singing
# N. y4 {& v" G& H1 U0 c2 d! }0 D5 u) t6 p
Processions
" u/ I, o$ f( |; W: a 38. Marches
, h1 A1 g: @8 A5 F2 O 39. Parades
$ n# P( O. D& t. s' h) ^/ S9 | 40. Religious processions7 K: v4 y" b3 H# a _6 ^
41. Pilgrimages
4 z# W2 ]+ ]9 {# y- [# e 42. Motorcades+ I$ B; L! d! v* P4 @* A
1 L; h7 L/ {* O$ c5 u+ ~Honoring the Dead
% G( d1 f3 K7 D g( t5 l" P 43. Political mourning
; U+ Y6 h/ {* I 44. Mock funerals7 [5 t8 M5 g6 F4 T
45. Demonstrative funerals7 ?! C* ^5 c$ }! t c& B
46. Homage at burial places# i% @9 M1 e* }, e
( N; g* x+ M1 \0 v. ?* EPublic Assemblies
; ?8 b( Q9 Z4 w 47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 y+ \ d# G j: |2 {/ n 48. Protest meetings& s1 K- h3 R* c5 Z9 W4 P
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' N+ e2 L7 j* D! M4 J
50. Teach-ins
+ n/ b+ K* q& C* q3 A* W& r* I8 A' U6 |" X) a0 e
Withdrawal and Renunciation
; R, h! K3 E1 s: T: X 51. Walk-outs
! Z. ]& T) G! Q, O( p 52. Silence
" q, `2 J' L! t- T7 E 53. Renouncing honors9 H% z8 |/ @: n* } i4 v" u, b
54. Turning one’s back0 v8 v$ a5 I# {" }1 G
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9 X7 c4 f5 F& `0 c: s/ H; m* [! F+ b7 T! J% Q
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION; _8 N5 X |9 e6 |. _) n2 g
6 w- N# o* Q4 W: I+ s9 n
' M Z( i; v* V% a3 t2 ~) T. L
, Z1 [2 t, C) l# k' H
Ostracism of Persons
% Z2 s% u8 O( T( N( V4 | 55. Social boycott* [0 @1 ^$ F. ]( `4 ^. u
56. Selective social boycott
2 C. |" d5 R- j/ k2 Q; g* o 57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 ?1 i) c4 v, S' d5 G" ^ 58. Excommunication
8 |5 f5 K3 m: x! a0 _ 59. Interdict
) W, N3 J& V$ D, ^ ~4 q( \) t$ }6 \' \
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ P' Y3 _$ q2 ^6 r6 ?, s 60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ s) U+ u4 |$ R# H& |" m: r5 A
61. Boycott of social affairs7 Q$ z$ l) P) b' M- r' O: \
62. Student strike
% e6 ]( _* `+ c! e8 `, _0 H/ n+ p 63. Social disobedience
& b: G \! e9 x! H: J0 M1 g. z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 z( {) |8 }5 p/ D% J' V# E5 Y5 F1 U4 @# v% A# s
Withdrawal from the Social System
& e) _# B- p& Y& x/ g5 d! I 65. Stay-at-home
$ p8 F7 A7 e; N 66. Total personal noncooperation
( d6 u' }+ ]4 c3 c: W0 j5 C/ Y 67. “Flight” of workers
' Q; w9 d( o" G1 j7 Q9 P 68. Sanctuary+ }( W% V5 D) [
69. Collective disappearance
1 e5 e) q$ W d2 x4 l 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
8 D/ w) l4 _ ~4 m
/ w3 \7 y! N, Y) O3 S9 |! {% N( r# M7 X
1 v( k! p( X0 G5 W7 l% Y( A) q- R7 r2 Y# X6 i& m0 [, u
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 u6 I' J% O& o% u1 q1 T% O% e, ? M9 e# W$ v6 x2 r0 N2 [1 k9 _5 v
+ `8 ?2 r, k) ?1 h) cActions by Consumers
9 w( a f H* Y) l 71. Consumers’ boycott
5 [- _% x2 L* J1 n" M9 ?+ k 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 p( k. `; J) C) z 73. Policy of austerity, g& ~3 e) e! j% Z2 o3 ]
74. Rent withholding4 w) `' P6 I! O3 R) s! h4 C1 O
75. Refusal to rent
& r' ]2 h3 ?, c9 [, G, R 76. National consumers’ boycott4 C0 h7 y/ w; c+ i8 }* D* _
77. International consumers’ boycott
! u+ W9 E8 p# B+ L- h
& A- K5 A' Y) h6 W1 RAction by Workers and Producers
4 w9 `$ C1 }# d7 X* h 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ D' w% i" ~6 [6 T7 c2 v% o3 z 79. Producers’ boycott
) C: w, s- n0 W+ V- _1 l. l7 D
2 r) z1 A% |* [5 ]* {Action by Middlemen
+ o4 g# i8 D2 ~7 C 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
) o, w5 ?4 p7 g% B% b6 v4 s" {; E8 H- O6 ~) _1 J
Action by Owners and Management
+ W! Y/ Y% ^% s, j2 S/ q& l3 n9 ` 81. Traders’ boycott5 ?0 v1 ^ G4 X6 r, d. A
82. Refusal to let or sell property- T& G5 a! \4 V1 `2 a7 x: f6 r" o
83. Lockout$ T% N% \( v/ z* P$ a7 b2 h
84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 m; M, f+ X: W
85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 V3 P8 `- d' F5 m
8 e) x* b- [* g% q2 \
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
9 P" o& w. L8 u, W! V$ d1 p 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits2 p$ l8 ^. o8 X& V4 ~' Y, v" o
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 `% n; P0 n+ [- V. j
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- p# Y6 X& l, v8 c
89. Severance of funds and credit
* D/ d4 y6 R& Y- Y5 m 90. Revenue refusal
$ J( I! \4 n. ?: F 91. Refusal of a government’s money$ R6 \" W4 d/ Y, V" [
, k; w; A) m9 ^6 f6 d% _
Action by Governments; U2 N5 y, Z% {: v
92. Domestic embargo# X( D+ r% w8 ?% P0 e
93. Blacklisting of traders6 V( H) \) g8 R1 `! x
94. International sellers’ embargo
; O# n- I( V* e. U! y 95. International buyers’ embargo2 k. y# t1 Z1 R" c6 v
96. International trade embargo8 X8 I% }, A2 t- s8 g/ F2 n5 s6 M
; b2 b; I& D( G3 I: j7 [) \
7 }0 N7 W0 ]( x6 T* ]5 k
# q- e2 _$ ~& F) g- W0 xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! u6 Y( ^2 @4 I/ |9 O8 ]! ~
8 `3 Q- I8 m9 m# r1 w; C5 o
f4 c: E$ a: ASymbolic Strikes( d. i5 ~5 h# H. v! Z
97. Protest strike+ J) h" b1 D5 s* d$ f' p
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ t6 P2 v$ R1 M+ J- P: u/ y8 T3 ^- _9 Y8 T
Agricultural Strikes
p& q2 j; B2 d$ o$ y! L 99. Peasant strike' U& i9 h8 J, V1 E( H5 Z/ P Y: k. s
100. Farm Workers’ strike9 c) F+ F/ w' D. U
' F7 D" ?5 ?) U8 y# B" b" v1 @
Strikes by Special Groups
# o& B v5 \. k6 Z" p* @ 101. Refusal of impressed labor! g; e; j2 N6 L3 T+ ]6 C
102. Prisoners’ strike
+ X; y! n7 _' }! }$ F& ]! i 103. Craft strike
- T5 U5 L Q, {6 r5 P& d- z 104. Professional strike6 ^* K. m; a9 t& n n* f. Z
7 N$ k2 s" X3 f+ Q Z8 a
Ordinary Industrial Strikes4 W) k8 n ]0 p/ A0 }) d
105. Establishment strike4 n5 x' f+ l* Q: k0 U y* l- w
106. Industry strike
, \ H$ _. s3 n! K 107. Sympathetic strike
3 \- A) j1 c- q' I; I- }& M4 y% g% `8 v1 _. n% u
Restricted Strikes; E; U: P! G2 T$ a- R
108. Detailed strike
. R# y% E8 z8 ]) l; w0 X 109. Bumper strike
/ j% J+ t! G9 W5 U6 H$ X+ A 110. Slowdown strike7 H/ u4 v- X" Q2 n( o+ y
111. Working-to-rule strike
- z5 k7 H' r6 v! k! O! n- A 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) c7 K% W8 [; R- \' ?: }) n$ }1 F
113. Strike by resignation" v: M4 d6 Q) |
114. Limited strike
: c% T2 P- I8 @7 |$ F7 J) Q2 @/ ] 115. Selective strike
# R1 o. G& P9 v g9 ~# S" Y
9 {3 f8 o$ k# ], ~Multi-Industry Strikes
0 i- l. R" Y2 p$ F M7 J
$ X: Y' j1 c9 K; K3 C8 u- F 116. Generalized strike+ k, X5 ~7 w& _
0 C0 a$ B, h L0 }& K& F 117. General strike
! z# _, \( M+ v4 d9 ~$ H4 \" C3 t8 J2 h" O
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ [7 P: N d3 D7 G
! Q2 X% x/ C; c# ^" E$ \. y 118. Hartal
7 p* H G+ N" T# {& {2 a9 `( ]3 b9 c! u& U: }
119. Economic shutdown
5 G& q9 O, V) E5 e4 l4 O* X
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8 |/ I/ Y3 y% O7 A2 oTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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; r2 e8 j4 P" Z* S2 V+ t& ` ' N2 O0 Q' b5 S' I/ L5 I2 O
Rejection of Authority
% z y, b1 Y l2 A# f# \ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ Z7 m* E/ o, m
121. Refusal of public support
) @) A/ g5 c$ B" R 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance% i9 o$ ~% F# [; ~4 p
0 r* v2 @' |# \- ~$ a$ U( M) Z
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- |; T6 L' [. a, G 123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 S6 K) o8 _; Y& ]% n" W4 J1 T/ x
124. Boycott of elections1 T" j; q; ?* ^5 b3 s- b: S! x
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' b V: K5 y2 ^* K3 X 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 L; @/ |% a5 r6 a5 S+ E+ I4 H 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 l* G/ H! B% [# \ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 O+ L4 E# K9 [5 n! R3 @6 ^ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 N- e, d; i8 I% | 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
. k9 {; k) T4 u9 Q P 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 ?8 N( i1 I: _; W" ?0 ^+ d1 U7 F 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions o6 ^! Z3 C6 M2 S/ y1 x4 K, r) n
* U' H! V4 v* l! H9 y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ V, k: T) L, Q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" i' f1 J' y; k$ D 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 K- ]1 d2 @, ]+ P5 l0 b2 Q 135. Popular nonobedience5 V7 C: \% d; ~2 d& W6 u0 z; F3 m
136. Disguised disobedience
) s O) ~* g! K9 O0 |: h' b3 @ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! A# p" R: b& e7 f8 T 138. Sitdown
: X Z7 b3 u2 K+ y 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ d; k. O& i0 B8 j( E4 ? 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; K& |! v* O, [ t 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 _) | F" x+ w1 ^ g( h( ~6 ~4 j$ V0 L- F' d! g8 j2 l
Action by Government Personnel
4 L+ N% K4 M& a7 D 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( V1 a7 B5 k6 z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: `1 r( O- O' s, L8 W @. A 144. Stalling and obstruction
8 J. |3 ~' O5 c; _8 t, b+ u- L( z, G+ ~ 145. General administrative noncooperation) X/ J( q5 x4 D9 p: q: n
1 @$ x/ @: |- u1 o4 J& s+ F
146. Judicial noncooperation" B5 K& G' j0 c/ K& c
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
* Z5 Z: _4 {: k' r2 i( ~ 148. Mutiny' q. q1 F6 d$ |/ P
Domestic Governmental Action
7 r- F/ g: y r3 L: G7 W8 L 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( w( f1 ?3 u5 q3 d: }: j! ~6 N/ Q) V 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% t/ s( J( C( N: l
& `. j4 I3 j% s( M ]3 H
International Governmental Action
1 q* Z- D6 B+ c" }2 B% o 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
! ?# }, b) K+ e$ ?2 u' Q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, s% h' O* G U8 T( y7 [+ |! s
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 Y9 q- O0 }) N9 e. c# ?3 T9 C
154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 Z* L7 \- B7 m
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
1 s6 \5 p- B! j- q( }. h 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
& X& q. k& ?1 b 157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 i0 i W4 c+ v8 X
* [: N( v2 ?, u0 M, K8 v' F d6 i! N" P0 _
! d! Q o; B( j7 B9 ~. Q! E
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 x0 \6 y' H9 e: o. C
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Psychological Intervention8 f1 v {+ O8 i0 {( m2 t
158. Self-exposure to the elements' `# q6 n- K' n
159. The fast
. {; v; N: k& [: p0 l y* x Z a) Fast of moral pressure
' A5 Z" ?# ^ V, z0 B7 G+ f b) Hunger strike, O5 {% t" G3 y( z5 [- ~
c) Satyagrahic fast! ]! C) v% o* ^# x. C
160. Reverse trial
% i8 t2 t" r0 R( U9 p1 ~ 161. Nonviolent harassment0 q+ ~+ j; z4 e }4 J9 L
' K1 h2 V7 d5 T$ l* f% B, CPhysical Intervention/ v( a# q$ X; R. K# [2 k
162. Sit-in
7 v! l% f* \2 H4 ` 163. Stand-in
+ @% B f# c3 S' ]8 V% l1 G- v4 j 164. Ride-in9 t5 k; O! S! L& i
165. Wade-in3 n% l! ]$ Y+ H+ W1 g
166. Mill-in
0 _" G; `9 |! G5 d6 Z% K 167. Pray-in
! B- _% ]2 }1 C7 C0 M% j/ E0 o 168. Nonviolent raids8 n$ ?4 q1 }4 n3 M1 o7 F4 {; O
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ _. }" b4 ^2 Z. k- n 170. Nonviolent invasion
3 |: \8 x @4 k/ b 171. Nonviolent interjection, C8 Z7 A- e) O
172. Nonviolent obstruction) d* L% k1 f- |- E3 ~5 X2 f. ^7 Z
173. Nonviolent occupation' [2 g+ d3 p c; y6 v
0 J$ Y2 `5 u, d3 U1 q2 v
Social Intervention
8 U/ e/ |: ^ k 174. Establishing new social patterns
, o: C* b' Q L8 f* x3 \$ B 175. Overloading of facilities
9 w% T' t- ?& T. o4 V8 A; c 176. Stall-in
( W/ @3 r. u0 T* o% S1 [+ I. \6 q 177. Speak-in
. J7 u) z+ q4 |4 O9 ] \ 178. Guerrilla theater3 a2 u. x6 s. `, G1 o' S; \7 S
179. Alternative social institutions
* u1 ]! O: z. h3 I 180. Alternative communication system+ F. b8 M" W7 a6 d& D
8 V7 m4 ]1 P& M5 \" l5 x# KEconomic Intervention y5 ]/ s7 L4 r& k
181. Reverse strike. a+ c# U; Z K, g
182. Stay-in strike
2 ` F2 d# U, J* O7 t* K 183. Nonviolent land seizure: l( o, ^# j7 L
184. Defiance of blockades
% n* S4 T7 d) E0 G% S 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# q/ x0 m: d/ U' g7 _. \
186. Preclusive purchasing3 f% w y) [5 @ j
187. Seizure of assets1 E3 ~* h! L6 Z# s
188. Dumping
) Z5 ?" Q1 V4 U8 @9 E5 J( y, ^ 189. Selective patronage+ W2 |) X! e4 O
190. Alternative markets
; n& _: o) }2 W" j 191. Alternative transportation systems
5 Y. t) |1 }$ i: q2 A! V& z0 Q 192. Alternative economic institutions
# n0 p8 L. q& h: |- h" |/ F' j6 f( P) o
Political Intervention8 s. i5 m& h9 m9 U$ Z9 v! m
193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 {* Y2 Y, M/ \% Q& A9 r) K1 F 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
N2 t. ~/ |4 Z/ |1 x% \7 { 195. Seeking imprisonment4 i' b6 p; d( o
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
$ D9 y) ?3 X: o( K$ a/ C2 l' Y( a 197. Work-on without collaboration
( a0 _! R2 A5 a) X! d4 {0 ] 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
