 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ P6 G0 V" _- r) E
Formal Statements7 g4 K; j3 t) Q; Q# e( a/ {
1. Public Speeches+ e* E' I( q% [# P# o6 L% C
2. Letters of opposition or support
# b5 x( V. H4 d. Q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions* ~4 J5 E6 @5 A+ X2 j& [. c" O
4. Signed public statements
" h4 S( j% }& q- m 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 f# N7 ]- Z5 K; x! D1 b7 K 6. Group or mass petitions
* D' x& c% I. r9 t7 p6 Y y
; z: n! }9 {; t/ |3 y. A- QCommunications with a Wider Audience
) b: W- N: f- w4 ^4 B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 O. M$ r' p# L; q
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications* e3 ?0 |8 _. d; n6 ~7 C4 z( v
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books4 s% V i% v3 U: R: T' A9 [
10. Newspapers and journals
7 _5 j$ _# B& _ 11. Records, radio, and television
6 {( ?$ b) `) Q2 G M" F& M1 O8 D/ E) r 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
O7 P; _* X$ f4 B8 |' t# k3 d3 U# z+ q% n$ `
Group Representations# q: [9 v' n4 N2 v
13. Deputations2 D3 O: T) @$ z, E6 l5 W
14. Mock awards
U0 }( X; y/ X) m" K 15. Group lobbying# I4 c" A+ C2 W4 F* c4 }4 U ?, W# }
16. Picketing1 E1 J9 R5 F* |9 s- Q( @
17. Mock elections0 x! ?; c c7 w
2 _. X; E/ V. q( T3 ~
Symbolic Public Acts
2 k+ Z4 f9 t+ y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; |3 h# b+ `/ j
19. Wearing of symbols, E( m4 J! L) S: W9 u" F. L- D
20. Prayer and worship+ H. K$ s3 [% Y% r! F: A) F7 S
21. Delivering symbolic objects
# Y" x+ r! V, \$ } 22. Protest disrobings2 R7 `5 s0 W1 N' ^+ [- j3 ^' B
23. Destruction of own property
7 Q) Q/ w2 E& q9 q 24. Symbolic lights* c2 Y+ I. i1 [( Y; v$ Z+ U5 ~
25. Displays of portraits
" F' \* @8 J/ h) S( J7 S: j! n 26. Paint as protest+ r# p+ W: { V: C2 ?: R& R& t' W
27. New signs and names
) ?. F( |. W0 b, | 28. Symbolic sounds9 l$ L( ^* K% i" s" v& b6 T1 _
29. Symbolic reclamations
. e& \$ {* s& ^& | 30. Rude gestures$ Z. x8 `3 o, ?9 j( D* n. a
t; }9 S0 I. \% }2 |( D0 K1 {: Q2 MPressures on Individuals0 y9 n4 h7 |2 C" a: @, b; A
31. “Haunting” officials
2 S1 m* W4 w2 g7 @ 32. Taunting officials& ~- P: c7 W1 n. O$ g+ j7 k1 w3 R
33. Fraternization" B) k/ N+ I$ }/ Y% Y
34. Vigils
9 J/ M3 O* [) d, N) {: X4 a( L- c- ]/ C4 n& V$ W' c* [
Drama and Music
M& @. T( I9 U* L 35. Humorous skits and pranks
; f/ O" R" I P/ T 36. Performances of plays and music: f- c0 E# e' q- G
37. Singing2 N h0 _& w" C# W0 V0 S- q, Z4 d
! S, H/ N3 U$ b; N$ j* u, G. gProcessions
5 ~7 I4 z2 I& I6 L3 `9 p0 c 38. Marches
: ]0 }* E% `; S( ]0 P 39. Parades
3 @! N5 n8 q d0 g% w+ H 40. Religious processions0 i: G! }% _1 R6 U
41. Pilgrimages
$ p2 C+ B9 h* {* J1 f 42. Motorcades
9 @% [3 q8 S' U( O9 v! y
: ]! g) T) Y4 J. w' t. z; b8 s/ MHonoring the Dead
( n1 C1 z7 [( W4 Z+ t6 m 43. Political mourning# q0 r0 m3 u, ^- u+ K+ J& H" E
44. Mock funerals
- I0 w! i7 L0 R& o# @, ~ 45. Demonstrative funerals
0 N9 W8 I: L8 ?; {9 u5 a- Q6 n5 P6 q 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies( R9 ?* Q9 a5 t+ X
47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 J4 ?9 P2 |" y. i5 O, H 48. Protest meetings! I9 R1 Y; Z {1 Z) I$ n3 W
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( w. S( p% J4 g# F8 r 50. Teach-ins
' I7 H# o, l; X/ A. i& {9 J+ |! V1 {1 E0 ]; e) }
Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 s. i% R. g6 z( b3 i 51. Walk-outs( D: C) G+ q6 ]. k7 v" H
52. Silence
9 d; U7 r6 d& p0 D; ^ 53. Renouncing honors
" ?8 k! U# ]* x) U 54. Turning one’s back
& u& }8 M) g% q" ^% H; Y' h" A; ?/ Z" l# }& w; d
3 t5 j8 p' b- [# B6 w9 b
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% z* J v, O) G/ P
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! I! I3 X3 u" o3 Q1 V1 B0 \Ostracism of Persons! C7 y4 t' j1 x, R. f* f
55. Social boycott
( T! G+ \ t+ M% E" r# Q0 }- E 56. Selective social boycott6 [# v2 |; V* b
57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 @! m: P3 V( {% L( Q4 K# k 58. Excommunication
6 r M {6 g0 v o, Y( r+ }3 S 59. Interdict3 o1 |1 \: B) A% _" c$ b
1 I$ U% d6 W! W5 h5 Q5 u
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: g: Z$ Y2 Y6 k Z1 u% [ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 M+ J7 V4 c$ }7 @
61. Boycott of social affairs% A4 X q! C$ ]* L* Q, |
62. Student strike
3 P+ V4 q+ ?) @! e1 I2 k/ w 63. Social disobedience
. L5 m! l7 V: j& t; k; S 64. Withdrawal from social institutions- N' z/ B+ X: f2 L8 N4 k4 Y
0 s' {4 C) L1 r- P7 jWithdrawal from the Social System
" t+ ?1 w: l7 D$ ^' K; P) r 65. Stay-at-home
+ L$ a8 o7 Y. b 66. Total personal noncooperation: Q- B: [' ~( o, }0 I4 T0 Z/ ^4 t
67. “Flight” of workers
1 {! F) D6 C0 C" y 68. Sanctuary. n8 [3 K$ [% C: v5 w6 V7 s q
69. Collective disappearance u' g! ?* _6 e' Q% R4 g9 S
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 U) v! `% a: H/ [) B2 K1 W- {
+ p9 A1 T8 D" X0 r6 Q% i* V% e
% I# d4 b T2 f! O, ^' T3 ]. c, a% P- k, i1 r J
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS7 H+ S) Y! |1 F, T! [ A6 z
+ h8 H$ ^3 Y! ^ S f
9 v4 ^, y$ k0 h9 H# v! O
Actions by Consumers
( _% }" [8 `3 J* l, r# M" B 71. Consumers’ boycott
9 |- k- O9 k" \& A' g7 I n 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. w2 r3 w0 k) F: A 73. Policy of austerity1 W+ T. @0 R, Q7 b
74. Rent withholding8 L+ S' y1 o4 ~& o4 \- @
75. Refusal to rent0 W" G8 U0 x% T5 c- k
76. National consumers’ boycott
) V; X. M; _- l/ n1 [% g 77. International consumers’ boycott- [! R1 m, S% G: t* b
. w# W& V0 |% i2 _. U: jAction by Workers and Producers
! x. X+ {6 D: p$ Z 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ W, \& ]8 [' Y9 P6 w 79. Producers’ boycott3 {* B9 W* K8 N& U% _7 `5 s
. [% v1 M t4 A. d% [4 Z7 x% B
Action by Middlemen
8 O3 S- R+ Y N* `5 m2 C 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 v' Y4 S; u0 q8 ~8 }$ d; Q" r
Y9 b! w6 ^6 d2 I q6 i5 q$ S7 x
Action by Owners and Management( N8 L" u% f7 A+ v/ l, `$ r
81. Traders’ boycott
6 @+ q7 V: P8 {7 H+ S6 f3 |: ?% A 82. Refusal to let or sell property
; @ j/ _; i' f J 83. Lockout
5 ~( y8 R/ T1 B o2 c- \- \ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance( p" J1 d5 K4 P1 N) R9 Y, w
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 K4 v8 V. _0 E H8 q- r
* c- o; Z2 g0 T; @8 mAction by Holders of Financial Resources1 ?2 Q% L& u0 J
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; V) S" [9 i# ~7 ?
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 e3 B! q6 }0 \2 L0 u
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ i" O4 t/ F6 g4 `% ?5 i- B 89. Severance of funds and credit5 W4 ~2 F5 B; X. w8 H5 ?
90. Revenue refusal3 O; Y. T. _1 `" }
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
4 s! U6 s+ e1 }$ N: T4 a( b& m 92. Domestic embargo" J1 n6 C+ i( } P" t& ?; v
93. Blacklisting of traders9 U5 l: K! M& Q0 p! ~- a5 W0 `: N- m
94. International sellers’ embargo. [& I1 M: i! n7 D$ H" \& A
95. International buyers’ embargo; b0 ?( I8 B$ S5 x
96. International trade embargo/ j. ^1 }0 \$ L* a5 L% M0 `# u* \
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C+ L+ g) z! A' j3 c; v8 s6 G+ FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
# d4 O3 H2 K( S) l( `7 b' X' b" m9 `( m! {2 r3 g' `7 B
7 m+ a" X1 C# x" C7 I3 g
Symbolic Strikes9 y3 y/ T1 N4 q2 G! G2 U5 r* n
97. Protest strike; }% X, ^8 z+ v# @" _+ p
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 e% s2 c3 O6 a) E) R
+ ~3 X& m: F+ b. q% P
Agricultural Strikes* j1 G4 s6 v6 X4 ~+ J4 c
99. Peasant strike
+ M5 J$ v% R5 O( ~ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
* \" ^* C4 G/ D& `5 h* \
4 m% p) z1 x6 X6 I& A6 DStrikes by Special Groups
8 {0 c5 o- b/ p9 y9 ]5 y$ s$ b: e8 z 101. Refusal of impressed labor2 i \' F X9 d- v2 j2 F
102. Prisoners’ strike7 d( S* j t6 b4 m9 l
103. Craft strike
9 N) S) x! K4 b- x: C* b& a 104. Professional strike
: j, |: c) F& N3 `# c
9 [" c, {: ^6 \- k, pOrdinary Industrial Strikes! A. f) C/ [- I- U9 a# S; L
105. Establishment strike3 E! `: x% R3 b6 O3 B! u: k( Z
106. Industry strike3 z/ ~. S+ J+ L9 Y
107. Sympathetic strike% E& b0 P2 ?, h
# Y; y0 ^+ w5 e: J5 | p( Y# mRestricted Strikes( _5 L; Y2 [4 c5 J
108. Detailed strike
. M- Z, Q* J/ }# j: ~2 G' A 109. Bumper strike
2 E- ^# B4 {2 A5 Q+ H 110. Slowdown strike, ]- s8 R4 `3 B, c* z1 k9 u
111. Working-to-rule strike2 _1 T2 `% K* m
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& q9 p1 _1 R7 c1 ? 113. Strike by resignation
5 v7 T* F+ J, _8 ~0 \* G 114. Limited strike' ^1 n! K3 q3 Y2 k3 m/ _8 H0 o
115. Selective strike
, g- q5 D# l: J
4 g+ U+ O u5 n% P1 Y9 k; VMulti-Industry Strikes
( l( }* c1 ?! q9 e) o% b+ u" B$ q6 w( N; n) [/ C i
116. Generalized strike
# A6 P7 S5 t& w" Z4 ^* m
' [) R6 y- J* |/ M. h 117. General strike
7 z, @+ N! \( o8 Z) ~! t6 p1 L1 F: S8 b& [. ]
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 s/ g! P# m( u, O6 ]9 V
/ I2 j( o7 P( u @% q
118. Hartal
, ?6 Q% V3 `% p3 k* u- ~
& ` y7 l. Y# K2 \ 119. Economic shutdown) N3 [6 D# [9 O: }4 A
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. c- ^9 Y- V% U( O
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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4 D7 N1 \# t6 r6 X" A% }* {
Rejection of Authority
" R. ` d9 h* W7 @2 { 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, ]9 k3 g: c; W
121. Refusal of public support
% F" i; P( t7 D, ~$ f$ p# R 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' D N4 ]# J$ `0 D4 F
+ s% ]: w* E3 f' J, WCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 J4 M4 U, u6 e$ d) j0 ~( H 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
, ?& z1 Q6 v; Q' E9 X0 | 124. Boycott of elections
5 X: o2 \( T u( r4 _ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions U1 z( M. _9 X9 q% g' ~6 d8 E
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ f& I8 t5 R: N* Q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# ~. d% V: O4 [* X- O, f7 F 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ O6 _; F# B5 [2 X5 m L; X 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ \' f; j" W7 O- [* x 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; ]1 X! B/ @6 |) b7 L- B6 T 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
4 a9 C2 A" z, X# t* G; ] 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
" m% p: x+ a1 h) X8 t
* z6 a1 }: R0 h" O0 DCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
$ P- G2 ]: z, t+ K! z9 \9 D; m, N 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 {4 C0 b$ S$ H. |8 D C 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( J; Y6 d* O: B$ S$ J( p 135. Popular nonobedience
) X; j/ ] C5 n# x% ` 136. Disguised disobedience4 K" m8 T, R$ S7 U1 `' P
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" x& K7 s: p; p% ] 138. Sitdown
2 m1 s2 W* l. Y 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 l8 p6 U' D, L 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 O: ? c4 l h0 v5 G. G+ b9 b w 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 m+ j( _ [& @5 v6 X' U7 w) u5 D* Z/ g; F/ ]1 e$ z5 v: M0 |' p
Action by Government Personnel: e8 p) o) z. ?8 e/ N
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 q3 L3 d- N1 ^, B 143. Blocking of lines of command and information, } ?. D$ M; m( }1 [
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 ^) ^/ i, [1 Z* K! }: c2 e 145. General administrative noncooperation9 J4 `& s/ n3 h5 k, P( T3 v, L
) g! m3 p+ m; `' |. p* ]5 h4 Q, V 146. Judicial noncooperation
+ D0 R8 t$ r$ R j3 r5 r6 X6 Z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! f4 F. Z( \8 N% v% X: M 148. Mutiny' s) E: |+ c5 |, w5 w4 I
Domestic Governmental Action) k: U$ i7 F3 B3 ~4 Q- F
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays% X3 T) `# K3 }& m4 H v
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 Q2 C# ^, a" l/ Q
. g' Z$ x, j/ V, jInternational Governmental Action: Y% Z" n4 j- i! @7 O: `
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ u$ n2 J/ N1 S$ B 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 f) o- `; G* Q( G5 t/ G
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 P; F. s, |$ G c0 y- E0 Q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* q/ u. F8 T8 M- h2 f 155. Withdrawal from international organizations, n' `( `! R ^
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 j2 l! T+ g# ~
157. Expulsion from international organizations+ y( ~& Z Q& Y
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7 b; b7 q' m' k' ]5 uTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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' J/ Q2 z- R ]- `; nPsychological Intervention
4 }8 D# Z& ~% Y" S+ G) j0 t8 m 158. Self-exposure to the elements( a! m. `) l0 I5 r# A/ d1 D
159. The fast. L$ Z, d6 ^2 ^3 U' D9 y6 d3 V3 i
a) Fast of moral pressure
& y( E+ {0 ~! }9 H# [ b) Hunger strike
0 d( X' f1 z) N c) Satyagrahic fast
- K$ s8 O% J; L) _: N 160. Reverse trial
- N7 V# Y2 B2 j) x! u 161. Nonviolent harassment
7 U# C# T2 F1 l" H$ O' Q" f1 `
. `* e2 L1 l$ w" Q; l: E9 gPhysical Intervention8 D3 D3 [8 G' I' g" B9 V h& }+ N9 w
162. Sit-in# s. G5 [9 L1 v8 `7 J
163. Stand-in0 E% ?& \7 A, N- I3 V" ^- B
164. Ride-in" Z9 s: Q( |6 b0 B
165. Wade-in
3 D9 O& \" _* z 166. Mill-in5 }1 A- |, W7 Y) \7 h: \. I
167. Pray-in- A* C! R# Y+ j& G W6 T
168. Nonviolent raids* X- h$ j% j4 i& v; b0 U4 z. ?
169. Nonviolent air raids T- n* [1 T' H; o! N) f$ C0 o
170. Nonviolent invasion
: s+ z& ~, `" b |, B6 t5 C 171. Nonviolent interjection9 f2 H* E) B+ } b5 R! l9 w, V
172. Nonviolent obstruction
: c9 E' v' c. f# e" I- C 173. Nonviolent occupation
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/ a$ t& [/ L; F5 N' OSocial Intervention% C5 z6 t! g7 r0 Y, \: h! _
174. Establishing new social patterns
) k' }, z7 k+ _: d 175. Overloading of facilities6 c& x& E7 {) W! l4 P. W+ {
176. Stall-in+ X) g) R0 _& Z/ F% _, h. _) [
177. Speak-in( E* U. f2 r$ d- ~, ~/ ]
178. Guerrilla theater
- g' Y8 a3 C1 ~+ ~4 ?5 V8 K 179. Alternative social institutions
- s# o# z, Q' N) Q! i- u& ] 180. Alternative communication system
& @8 C# g$ a0 J; ^6 e' D9 _& r3 a1 a l$ v, U- s a; {' f
Economic Intervention
. k, V0 V2 ]/ g B# R4 m 181. Reverse strike
% ]" z- Z( S1 [( N/ T1 Y. [ 182. Stay-in strike5 h+ I3 O! I1 z% K1 o9 o
183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ D! f/ a1 m- J Y' w ^ 184. Defiance of blockades
2 [9 R# Q4 {% U) K b+ f 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 |" ^5 W5 ]* J/ s/ K: z' I* b- c 186. Preclusive purchasing4 _& t# i' d( U4 T
187. Seizure of assets) f3 _" U* o: }* g
188. Dumping2 ], @ |$ Z; S2 P! q
189. Selective patronage
1 P) x$ x6 V) R* e 190. Alternative markets+ v$ g1 p2 M# L8 A7 z! `6 p \! N
191. Alternative transportation systems
* _- e2 J3 j, e7 F* x: Z8 X 192. Alternative economic institutions
5 E- a8 j- g- G2 X# q$ }9 K5 X1 u
2 N7 n* K/ R8 Z& SPolitical Intervention" | O# y9 c& k6 m3 Q
193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 w4 o1 V/ O( b6 m/ n M 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) y) u% I" p+ X/ \0 v4 @8 r- ^& q
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 s9 `5 ^5 I% Y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, }) D/ E3 e9 U% r" t+ D5 O/ H! B0 D; x$ c 197. Work-on without collaboration
1 U7 D' ^9 L3 [* q: u4 L 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# D4 E. `9 B4 o" U1 k- n
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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