 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. m( F$ n% g3 C; w1 tFormal Statements
" @' I' L& [) L ? 1. Public Speeches
) L5 K0 K, x& d$ D. U 2. Letters of opposition or support9 V0 A4 e. Y+ D, ]$ i9 h
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 O8 C/ |% `0 I' K! V% @ 4. Signed public statements6 V# l2 u9 B& c4 t! U" v; x
5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 Y% V# `+ K. b6 o1 ^' _* `
6. Group or mass petitions6 |& D& U$ l0 h3 z
1 ^9 j3 X# \5 h! T
Communications with a Wider Audience( @( H6 m/ O* P: u2 C3 _4 H
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: v4 o7 u$ v$ t2 H4 e6 i2 B6 w/ I* [5 T
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# }7 ~8 |6 n% j7 _' z 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 m( K' W( e: B' E7 d0 l/ E
10. Newspapers and journals& k' @5 \5 k! e1 q8 l. P9 @
11. Records, radio, and television
" s' w' e7 J' k8 H$ ^& ? 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
y0 o0 S& k( n& m# u/ B- d2 \+ [( G. d$ x: O# S( Z
Group Representations) H2 t5 e! o0 k3 C. F, G
13. Deputations: Y1 y' ~ j8 {
14. Mock awards8 m$ u4 Y3 q) x
15. Group lobbying
% l3 c" b5 s. m; v# ~' ] 16. Picketing
6 ~8 H. _, M3 i& H4 R8 f 17. Mock elections
3 F0 d5 p$ I, i* h; B/ t# K" ]% l/ \, ?3 `- N, Y( F( n) i
Symbolic Public Acts5 c3 j% \# O9 A9 K f5 S5 w
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 a3 T: P6 l% H" O& ?
19. Wearing of symbols
! R" W# D, F) e1 ~# e 20. Prayer and worship- c: J1 j5 R. q! d) r' u7 I
21. Delivering symbolic objects% V2 d4 E+ p4 u9 B3 ~3 \( G
22. Protest disrobings. ?9 M" W, S0 o
23. Destruction of own property( y0 r @% | U9 x
24. Symbolic lights
; T! \& J6 ]* f- }6 b% q 25. Displays of portraits1 i0 ]2 D Z: ?5 W
26. Paint as protest
8 u, t! N& n" J0 [ 27. New signs and names' u( j9 ` p- C- O
28. Symbolic sounds
1 E' X2 S# H* V 29. Symbolic reclamations! q! B& y2 S( Z3 _9 }
30. Rude gestures' {4 m8 k7 X9 s* z- {: U
9 ?% [9 K& c- q
Pressures on Individuals
0 V0 g4 P/ V2 y& V& Z/ `3 f% s 31. “Haunting” officials* k" ]$ B( ^) ~/ J- s. h
32. Taunting officials
& V. {9 O, i* |/ X6 x 33. Fraternization
' E4 b, o1 w) ~3 O0 L9 w5 c5 D+ ? 34. Vigils
, s, _0 `# r/ `6 U' C, M8 s6 b& ^. o0 @. X
Drama and Music
: u U/ n- K$ p' A+ R! Q 35. Humorous skits and pranks* L% S4 G$ a- v
36. Performances of plays and music) j2 l4 y7 N' \: ^% o; e ]. [( @
37. Singing M, c; H& e2 i R% z7 `) _
; s* j: j. N: R$ t8 z5 W g. J$ s% q
Processions
5 V* i; T% }8 n9 O 38. Marches! Q1 P; U) w2 _9 v
39. Parades
0 S! P- z* D, H/ n0 I3 l2 X- O8 L 40. Religious processions# {; ^) l" j# w; P9 |
41. Pilgrimages5 P2 D0 v% ~0 }( i8 f
42. Motorcades5 k0 S: l" l- o9 F/ K5 A4 j
( L: s" K, j: p, @9 [; K aHonoring the Dead4 Z) N4 G- j, A2 T
43. Political mourning$ d1 Y# m! N( _/ T
44. Mock funerals
8 ?9 J5 }! ^3 g! l+ [ U 45. Demonstrative funerals; N ^- b; g8 B
46. Homage at burial places
# X" s, C4 |: }$ ^- v
4 }% A' `# W% `# C0 m/ wPublic Assemblies
* g% y0 ?7 X4 V0 \ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
, c3 f; F0 B- c+ | 48. Protest meetings
) z: w" M. L8 a) B k9 I 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# X4 f: Z3 c9 S. p3 o5 v 50. Teach-ins2 C( g, E" v' C- \, l: m$ c) F
$ q) k: E9 t: e. k, Y8 F8 r: S
Withdrawal and Renunciation
1 v5 u1 u' T8 y' j. b 51. Walk-outs3 x0 E. M6 e/ y4 A" a* D
52. Silence( ~) d( |: K. x
53. Renouncing honors
% i+ T- q! }5 x 54. Turning one’s back% I# B( ] d! t1 \
- J, W' a: y8 ]
# O1 g+ L+ H9 |# u% N+ u( O. |: ^4 R7 w& P6 O
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& H3 J. F4 a, @3 P
+ w+ Y! O) t, k6 s
9 X' L) m9 Z+ s+ d3 V& C8 w+ R" y- [. I; t
Ostracism of Persons
6 m) o' [* z, k4 M6 w2 V, d8 y 55. Social boycott& b1 U0 h4 @+ p& O# {
56. Selective social boycott
3 l# V) b- x1 G& F 57. Lysistratic nonaction" L4 {4 p% m2 m6 }) D3 A! E$ b6 A
58. Excommunication
( M+ {$ s; f0 ]# [3 n6 }; `! z 59. Interdict; G" A$ w! l5 M5 V3 c
) Y/ l( j3 q$ C$ H3 @Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; D1 J8 T& @5 {3 v: e) N" K) z0 v 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ U! o$ e8 h# O A w) m 61. Boycott of social affairs6 A5 w2 @& e. f$ h
62. Student strike
3 G7 }6 u+ J0 c: q9 W0 W; n, b& c 63. Social disobedience+ i' D, w- T$ R' f# i9 M- y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 K$ h* k. T; p" A' l/ M7 x% M# v
3 {& t( ?3 g' b" w/ ?8 Z# J; IWithdrawal from the Social System0 |! _* D( V" S. a3 V, Z
65. Stay-at-home# Y, A- \* v4 i2 Z" T
66. Total personal noncooperation
, b Z& c3 K8 D# _" n' `' s+ U 67. “Flight” of workers
% |9 o* V4 t" l; s 68. Sanctuary
$ b7 m! Z' g* M5 e 69. Collective disappearance
. k# N* z* d* Z% ?. j 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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5 x7 A* N- z2 ]/ Y6 h
# _; E7 p O' g: ?9 ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- b I+ R! w0 v6 X/ M" T* X& A( g
6 w/ ]( @2 Y: ~ , {' k" u I% M" S1 u
Actions by Consumers
/ @1 x3 [, E- W% n, l& n1 g6 d 71. Consumers’ boycott
, P0 ^7 A& d d @1 s$ v5 q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
1 y- @; f' X: T 73. Policy of austerity: K1 K% V0 |4 {# @# F8 A1 x0 w& z$ F
74. Rent withholding
0 y: h! g2 z G 75. Refusal to rent
! n5 |5 M" H! u$ ~& B 76. National consumers’ boycott2 J- @6 ^- E7 I8 b
77. International consumers’ boycott. [) b! h" e6 Y' e4 b' C
/ H1 M) s o& O5 `) GAction by Workers and Producers
1 c2 o/ s E6 Z6 B N 78. Workmen’s boycott
: v( C& Z4 y7 v4 B7 S! z# T 79. Producers’ boycott S# m1 D0 g& j% u( ^, a% Z
, i: ?% ^ {4 IAction by Middlemen
, B7 r" _; _4 i% c+ u6 ?! Q 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ Z) |5 D/ Z4 M! j! c4 r
6 t7 R3 V7 s% z" fAction by Owners and Management$ _/ l. {( I( f* V. R
81. Traders’ boycott3 }- S( a( w5 p" C M
82. Refusal to let or sell property
3 Z* p5 U% ~8 J& M& b) |3 e 83. Lockout
2 n8 C+ A8 y9 U" W 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 q! e5 n, q& p1 i0 S$ x3 c 85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 R. Y3 j3 x4 R( M1 c8 p# h
6 X* N3 C8 \; X; c+ b |$ B, Y( O
Action by Holders of Financial Resources* c' w, G- y6 _; x7 {/ `% ~0 A
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ W) {5 N2 m5 q' u+ \% a 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, _+ _8 N4 l. Z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 r7 d! F! v: s+ ^2 H
89. Severance of funds and credit
6 T8 m' a$ L5 |, q. k2 K# H/ p4 p& w 90. Revenue refusal
' V& z: ?" }, ] 91. Refusal of a government’s money+ d N3 ?& G* k" U% ~# F
7 W3 V/ ?# L5 n: L: ^Action by Governments
+ r# n+ F: h1 n) Y5 Z" ^ 92. Domestic embargo8 V( V( r4 _) @: f
93. Blacklisting of traders
5 p. Z l* y& c( T: R: N 94. International sellers’ embargo* ]# s7 g& K+ `( g
95. International buyers’ embargo
# ?: D( X$ y' y( M D0 t* F 96. International trade embargo V S2 L; Z# M6 O6 K
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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1 o$ ^0 H3 N0 }. E$ t Z6 A2 W7 {+ B' w
Symbolic Strikes) \, t, R, B7 m3 f- j
97. Protest strike
1 W# }7 J" ^+ k, f& Y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- L+ i* }- }% p
+ U* t* ~" g7 L& B2 }
Agricultural Strikes
7 y- p* a' t$ h( D$ e$ ] 99. Peasant strike& ?: t0 u8 P. G: H. o" L! R1 {* H
100. Farm Workers’ strike4 N; X6 D/ S; C& g) c2 e
- p" [ Q5 \6 w* h: B
Strikes by Special Groups
) s7 Y" e! j7 h/ H" G% d 101. Refusal of impressed labor$ ?) a, Y& g! c; W7 H! o
102. Prisoners’ strike
$ h) {& k2 x. u1 O2 p$ S4 b 103. Craft strike, r. h3 ^3 ]+ y( Y% Y f" P
104. Professional strike3 ]& T4 d$ J; F! A( s
) `) C+ G- u6 o, e
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
) U1 G" V7 ^2 ?# g. V7 a 105. Establishment strike
* {& X* ]3 W- q& k9 H; m# e 106. Industry strike$ X( M$ f v* O, \: l- I
107. Sympathetic strike4 }& y4 f3 B2 C( j" J, o d8 j
& p% @* Y/ g6 Q$ M/ x$ V& f9 f2 I+ l1 JRestricted Strikes5 ?, c, x+ @" Y6 l* V0 ^9 Q1 F* N
108. Detailed strike1 r& u% ]9 i# H" d1 i r* x
109. Bumper strike2 G1 D$ n% z, f6 K( r
110. Slowdown strike
! U1 |% Y! w* p% F$ F 111. Working-to-rule strike! {, |; C+ j0 u5 Q/ [& V, b% X6 i
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
# m6 G8 L3 E- d7 ^/ H4 e 113. Strike by resignation
2 P3 F5 p1 P( C, d; z4 e 114. Limited strike3 G0 n" H7 a, x
115. Selective strike/ [- @( a) F: n8 o. n. a/ c- z" w1 q
0 a. i* D% ]8 t6 o' lMulti-Industry Strikes" m8 f4 E7 K$ }% M
/ p7 d5 A4 V2 z. s 116. Generalized strike
0 B* Z; W. K8 N- U& R
& {: k9 u! t, S% u5 R. l 117. General strike
9 w" B% z) V ]& w/ m: U# o3 \- b
E" P- h$ s3 s: vCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 Q* q" R0 p) v$ h$ x- U4 X. }1 k; W4 P% _) f
118. Hartal' H' T5 N: W% X3 Y* o, z2 k F; h
B$ B& i! n" _* o9 y 119. Economic shutdown8 q2 d7 W! |: O& H6 r: C& `
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1 ], a" b* `' X2 P' ]# g- r; g" q! ?0 n: |, h2 l) B: A
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION6 I1 U! S8 x& Q8 ?: A" Q6 @! T
# Y. f9 d' {& ?) b
+ r2 _. T: t* fRejection of Authority7 q- h6 F# d+ o$ G( _. S, m8 U
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( M" v e% y" a% R; D7 ^
121. Refusal of public support
* }# `- A: d% g- F 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 o+ p; w" s$ N3 D! M0 J7 H
@8 I- G9 R y' ^% GCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, U! v- T, v# m2 S, g 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; E) R9 F! ~" i! o, ~6 C
124. Boycott of elections
( s9 N. O Q" O. b( ^: u 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
Z( e' C! g* M. G2 h! Z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
O3 R' }9 T; q: z1 J* F 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- m9 [7 I, x# I8 G 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& _) H7 f. I" c+ o
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' a2 J3 ?( s, T$ H( m" p% E [ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) W2 Y6 T9 V A' G5 h+ k$ r 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 l, N& O, e6 I; v7 I$ v X
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 G% H0 P2 C ^2 Z5 G+ D& l) g
6 [( j/ S! l g) V0 F+ {" b ?Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 W* n6 ^4 F$ [6 G* ^ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
b8 B: M: N3 \8 C" d* p7 J) Q 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% S4 o% R8 u; |, o! j* {2 j
135. Popular nonobedience) H' q {9 T- C
136. Disguised disobedience; {7 L! V& h1 Z& @
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
, I" w1 x! h9 F% T2 H 138. Sitdown
. v+ Y9 M0 P0 I 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) k! B. J( Q2 ]6 P/ `* I7 _ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ p2 I7 C2 U* o; ~; V# ?
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* H7 K! V% _* z
' n8 l" Y# z8 h# R, c: s
Action by Government Personnel3 s4 v, } N0 r* _
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 e$ \; v9 E" b: V
143. Blocking of lines of command and information( T# q6 Y9 z/ a/ V k$ @- Z1 s
144. Stalling and obstruction: M N# V4 p4 q+ z/ X' _
145. General administrative noncooperation* ?$ W4 F& K2 B
5 T' F0 Q0 Q8 O0 T( U5 K( `* e 146. Judicial noncooperation
; b7 O- ?7 p9 o# g 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 v; G1 E! f! @, a3 e 148. Mutiny& ]: _* g; F9 q- |* u( `
Domestic Governmental Action: ]" p; }5 N" L" O1 y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 Q1 i! U( h% N1 c7 y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
y) y) o" i; z" j% r
7 X0 P& O! b" _$ iInternational Governmental Action
- n5 H0 x h% G1 q# V' r% E 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) |0 M9 @5 I6 @1 q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 T1 t2 J- L3 c/ f! l 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- i) c9 o; n6 L/ h) ~% H 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
) p N8 |2 S& _) l9 B 155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 y' J2 ~( p/ u
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) t) ^6 ]1 z9 C: s# [ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
! I, \. b) _6 |2 Q
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; m( @5 t' b0 m. P( f1 u5 B+ nTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
+ h+ G1 M |' h0 \# `) }2 s; n( o- L" u9 w) d6 y- n
$ F6 }$ n" h' r1 Q8 PPsychological Intervention' }/ \7 l' k3 i+ E: `- S: s) F
158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ D! k- S$ Q9 D' I 159. The fast
+ ]8 m( ?1 M$ o# ?! `3 ]8 g- W a) Fast of moral pressure
, M8 g: S/ X6 Z4 Y) y3 G0 X b) Hunger strike
% i3 R1 h6 O9 a4 Y) D, F& j c) Satyagrahic fast/ `: c' [7 t9 m: z, K* a
160. Reverse trial; R$ R9 E8 E( ~+ D8 l& d2 I
161. Nonviolent harassment
% }1 }) ~( ?4 j0 R- ~" X- C& K; q0 V' y
Physical Intervention3 X" |' P L, H, G8 R
162. Sit-in8 _; Y4 S* V5 M. g; [& {
163. Stand-in
3 ]: N- j3 Q. f 164. Ride-in
0 {- @5 q: s7 K# w" m 165. Wade-in
! E! n" p9 H" d 166. Mill-in% F9 X b G* ^& O
167. Pray-in8 |/ D) Y" E6 d7 m. l! G
168. Nonviolent raids0 B7 C' W' _* K) q/ T
169. Nonviolent air raids
7 b) u0 _8 a i. R 170. Nonviolent invasion2 r. p! h8 M4 Z8 ~& b8 p' ~+ i
171. Nonviolent interjection
+ Z' W5 j: L( h2 S8 W$ N 172. Nonviolent obstruction
, d' m: D3 J g1 \( E 173. Nonviolent occupation/ g7 W* h. F5 p9 j) ?8 I, W
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Social Intervention" Q6 }* F1 |: R; q3 T
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 z% n" {3 B: } t) J) L; P+ J 175. Overloading of facilities* u* Q- C0 L4 O; d' F# R
176. Stall-in# Z" [0 Q- q( z( z1 k
177. Speak-in
/ u8 A: `+ H) p9 o' ^& V4 r6 Z& \8 ^ 178. Guerrilla theater0 z2 d. L, v% u1 U" [
179. Alternative social institutions2 s6 w/ Q* V2 I
180. Alternative communication system
# ]* j+ t2 n8 z9 P0 H; \! X) V2 h2 \7 F) z+ V6 w. {+ Q* h
Economic Intervention
& K7 x- m2 W+ Q, P7 L) J 181. Reverse strike
5 [9 O* F; O) W8 B, y 182. Stay-in strike( n8 U7 A6 [: |& N% L3 S
183. Nonviolent land seizure! ?! _. ? V5 a2 ]9 g& C
184. Defiance of blockades' G7 `' G+ Z# j5 u/ E, p
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- c) n" n' [- R- r, M' U
186. Preclusive purchasing
- F& l$ R2 H: b( r: C 187. Seizure of assets
5 z) K+ S+ Z) u+ L3 v! P! I' B 188. Dumping
5 P! M7 S4 M4 ^+ @ 189. Selective patronage" B% w- ?. x- l0 O
190. Alternative markets
S! M0 O9 @, q, ?% h6 n 191. Alternative transportation systems) Z# d! R5 S' u) w) W! m
192. Alternative economic institutions$ n" e& D/ d% O6 j/ N4 v/ [" c
" F% J( K7 `" oPolitical Intervention
8 Y# J- m! n4 u' y* `) c8 m/ C 193. Overloading of administrative systems1 P1 J! t" I: Z. b! n
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! ]6 `5 P7 b! X# w3 p 195. Seeking imprisonment2 Q6 k4 ]8 P* T9 R
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* Q; O2 x4 a4 {3 ]3 @6 a6 d" ? 197. Work-on without collaboration
/ `& n. q7 O. h* y, @8 p: n/ j 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
