 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: O0 w6 {( ?; |4 |, q; Z. I7 ]Formal Statements9 K) z) a* V. j2 w8 R5 u, w
1. Public Speeches
' F3 p, D! ?8 ^# `1 }3 j 2. Letters of opposition or support
5 [8 A8 d; ~; Q( L- l* [ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 F) q a& Q" f$ W- p) Q
4. Signed public statements) c, e6 n5 `9 p
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 a+ g7 D8 O6 A# j; y 6. Group or mass petitions; p" R9 F, {* @, J+ Q+ Q) `
3 `9 H. ~- `" _" n0 T0 N8 D1 v
Communications with a Wider Audience2 }) N$ J+ x( c1 I$ Z* `: |- ?
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, d, m4 O0 J# V7 k' | `; a7 q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" y) x9 f' F o3 `- R4 r 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, ]# n) _6 R+ w$ Y2 i' j
10. Newspapers and journals% K }: N; ~( c( M$ i) }
11. Records, radio, and television5 s: t5 x, i+ C1 ]. Y/ I9 A( L/ J, h
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
6 O0 L1 i2 X9 Q* f7 V
; d* L9 Y, f' v) @' MGroup Representations' J- O; I) H; z4 \8 L' Q' h1 i
13. Deputations
! ?/ D2 o; G* J& R3 F) c9 a7 U 14. Mock awards, f& A8 i& o* @* ?
15. Group lobbying! S- O$ f |# g) U- `$ z
16. Picketing1 J9 j- s* x5 u3 }1 c
17. Mock elections; ^8 |5 l. }- T! a7 Z! Z4 M9 k
9 g& C0 }4 ^: r- G) T6 S/ l$ h
Symbolic Public Acts, a" P4 ~- Z t/ N& Y$ J
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, V4 M- B) M7 G7 }
19. Wearing of symbols
, t0 o5 y, m: k) {' O* ~# H I/ ` 20. Prayer and worship# ]; g) e; `8 p( `1 E
21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 P: a) |' p, q5 M 22. Protest disrobings4 O5 J/ f: T8 W8 ^
23. Destruction of own property" Y' G9 l9 t$ b6 Z$ H# h
24. Symbolic lights) n. q" M6 i+ [9 h
25. Displays of portraits
8 o! [0 W* u5 D0 B 26. Paint as protest
U: `! d: ~: k# z- D 27. New signs and names W" M- ?; h5 s3 J4 i
28. Symbolic sounds' e6 U/ @- e' I) o
29. Symbolic reclamations
3 v8 I5 O1 {# i. E3 S0 y B- e) h* ` 30. Rude gestures- H7 U0 E5 t) ]# _9 A7 w" B
- x2 W& }! ~/ e; i9 pPressures on Individuals4 l# X8 M6 l% d6 V* n" b6 S, x
31. “Haunting” officials. v9 h1 {7 c+ I7 s& Q i' x
32. Taunting officials' W6 B7 _9 \, ~2 {
33. Fraternization
& q+ W3 S b8 P/ D/ ] 34. Vigils
1 J/ j! o' N* G7 j$ k7 W( G9 K( V! `+ L9 h, H4 C9 y
Drama and Music
) i3 h7 k2 s) u7 m 35. Humorous skits and pranks
- O7 w( u6 I% r" |2 J/ f- C+ ? h$ U 36. Performances of plays and music
L. M. Q( K$ A+ I$ i 37. Singing8 }- `; ?& L0 i' M( `' A
3 T5 x2 W9 Z: E8 }* e/ X
Processions
6 p7 v! [& R4 B3 s# z B ^4 |- y; |- L4 ^ 38. Marches( y9 v/ I4 Z6 X# t4 C2 r
39. Parades/ s& \2 z3 P6 r0 E G' y
40. Religious processions
5 y% K) z6 O+ V9 j. ?( V 41. Pilgrimages
. Y& |4 |3 D7 y 42. Motorcades/ b+ t5 s: v! x2 x% {* A1 ~% [; s
5 f R% B# C( r& u
Honoring the Dead
4 I( g6 s% d/ L( Y; d3 b5 V. }: Y 43. Political mourning. `* T% C! r& f
44. Mock funerals
$ }9 j8 y6 p" L8 d" Q* r 45. Demonstrative funerals2 x" X* Q( j( l! t. S; w8 k
46. Homage at burial places
5 Z) k L8 |2 ^" y2 Y. Z. f0 _# j! N/ n
* m9 p x4 E- T b% g7 y8 K9 IPublic Assemblies
4 g x9 e, }- Y! W' } 47. Assemblies of protest or support2 X5 j" M$ o) @
48. Protest meetings
& V) v+ ]7 v9 d. ? x+ u 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
. z% b$ e. b# m& B/ Y: e& N- V 50. Teach-ins
4 ]+ I! ^8 u; p6 \$ C
/ ^+ U; S8 I- j7 X# CWithdrawal and Renunciation K2 P( `! g; u9 a
51. Walk-outs9 z( }, y e" N# M2 ^* d" ] m
52. Silence. k- a) I% e& E5 O, j" D
53. Renouncing honors
! o# y' d* X7 O5 O: J; u& q 54. Turning one’s back
; R1 h* x; X* [2 C- o- A2 ^8 n1 y/ p6 j3 O1 m ~$ x k$ a
- A- U+ A/ Y T% K! k- N" D
) R% v: f8 ~8 \& O& s Y4 a! wTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
q& e @# L7 [5 u9 U0 x5 r$ U5 Y) {! a4 r8 Q
/ W9 ?0 G. J& C$ Z& v. N
( I8 O: g5 @7 fOstracism of Persons& n: c* N2 E6 M9 A" m
55. Social boycott
8 k" v: N9 L$ \( ~) L' O 56. Selective social boycott3 o3 ~5 h. ?3 J4 S
57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 u Q4 F3 H: y- t1 Z 58. Excommunication5 R+ I: v% F; p: b$ j- V
59. Interdict4 w2 r7 u* K) ^! d( V
- s5 P' h5 o' A* x2 DNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ j) v# k: T4 x- f+ n+ A3 y% K$ L 60. Suspension of social and sports activities& F7 P: b- ^" E, d
61. Boycott of social affairs9 O% o, J( e" o; K% N) K$ e
62. Student strike
7 H1 y$ X) @& U$ X/ A 63. Social disobedience; x7 A* _2 {, G' {% c. w6 u
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
: h/ z5 B4 K4 ~
) P2 h2 N D+ _4 B ]2 `Withdrawal from the Social System! y; o* Q, ]0 Y4 `1 L
65. Stay-at-home0 w6 j( b* o1 U8 \- J0 X6 e- [; s
66. Total personal noncooperation6 z) E, F' B9 H) W N$ B
67. “Flight” of workers
0 q4 g; n& F8 {/ Y 68. Sanctuary. H# S( o9 v6 }6 }
69. Collective disappearance
4 h0 [1 C6 _& B( {, @1 c, J, L 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% o, u: |+ I* Y0 u( U M1 J; j! b/ f$ ` G8 a6 P1 {/ ~7 ~
7 z* `4 W' C4 D4 P$ U+ M1 D0 Y
' a2 G9 i0 b0 y6 Q, [THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
! J' x6 ]3 A- w# l5 R( Y' p% k4 w3 R
/ Q& Y- w5 e; ^! q
Actions by Consumers
. ]; i/ u0 N* w8 w 71. Consumers’ boycott
% M/ [) L) O) S+ Z0 ^ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 g3 b P1 L0 L
73. Policy of austerity5 |$ z" V+ R ]% N
74. Rent withholding
9 C+ U0 ^" Z' B [7 X* b+ d 75. Refusal to rent
) f) Z0 ~' G7 G& C: m8 _1 T. Z* D q 76. National consumers’ boycott
: @( D% ^3 ]3 E; o2 p/ y! _' v 77. International consumers’ boycott
* ]1 {$ m- D6 d
+ D; `6 l3 l4 F: XAction by Workers and Producers
/ O# m" a3 W; z% N4 [. c 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ b" p" J* h) R& ` 79. Producers’ boycott5 ]7 r5 l: D, Z: r! y$ J: Q9 a
" t" n6 y% U! ?( c3 CAction by Middlemen" g# l+ o" Q4 K8 R; _% P% a
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 x% C p( P% e. P V4 H. Z" {; S' p5 n; q9 y% ? l, l
Action by Owners and Management* W& `% x3 C% l8 l0 b. D
81. Traders’ boycott8 [8 z$ U7 J! R* h
82. Refusal to let or sell property
# `3 g7 @' K- S/ G0 ^/ E& q7 w 83. Lockout: u; [0 I# C0 R7 T$ O# e
84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 L# t, W: I' J& `
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. d8 m2 l- p& |0 p& i3 _
) I) S6 Y/ z% ?0 h' W- jAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! N8 M1 y" N$ c, X. j 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits7 ^# K9 h" m9 h8 i" t* U
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' `( z5 t0 i# U& _ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 J! Z% o& l- d. X& T 89. Severance of funds and credit. }' ]4 f I5 q8 J: S! o. m$ a
90. Revenue refusal
7 G+ k% n/ E) n, q' W 91. Refusal of a government’s money- l9 {& l4 o) w" _% |; m
$ }. g3 b$ K8 g* J# I# uAction by Governments8 e, N8 h7 E2 V6 E& _& o0 k
92. Domestic embargo6 b' J# c3 z3 p3 `) G& z
93. Blacklisting of traders) f+ o9 g1 z0 v3 W) N
94. International sellers’ embargo4 i3 X% Y8 E! F: e
95. International buyers’ embargo4 r4 i5 x% p, p7 _
96. International trade embargo
1 ~* W s: Q* l8 V5 V/ U5 \( o5 c! z8 ?$ C) R$ j9 c
% t7 O. k% p) G8 x4 C' i1 K, M* C
, X p' n, H- L" MTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
$ U' A5 Z9 M" Y% V2 F+ k( k ]/ G8 U X+ `
, l+ z" e" D+ b8 S' j
Symbolic Strikes
) V+ R9 j' @0 l# w7 j* ^ 97. Protest strike: K" e1 S$ O$ r3 x. e6 w0 J
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 z1 S5 v7 b1 \. b: N) Q/ j! |8 W& u3 m& y
Agricultural Strikes
9 B# U2 X+ o0 U0 L8 |' |& O 99. Peasant strike
9 Y! Z0 i& {: I; Q7 ]& Q 100. Farm Workers’ strike% `( h0 h+ D! i/ C9 ~9 F2 U& F
% M4 ?- g0 `6 r% B. F4 A" SStrikes by Special Groups
2 k. \) m# l! m' c1 Y 101. Refusal of impressed labor5 |( r' Z5 R* K" O# u! l# q
102. Prisoners’ strike* a# p6 F6 Y& w1 h5 n0 A4 J( i3 T) H
103. Craft strike
. d4 R; E9 \% |3 `! D9 o. D 104. Professional strike3 [/ t) l3 |: j* K1 _4 {: z7 a. ]
, q* ^( u9 W: ]8 b o/ g! \. n
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' _! s! C4 n' p+ c! `6 ~) ^ 105. Establishment strike N, `, O, C# |& \% w; q
106. Industry strike& _" `9 z. y' ]8 K$ D% i5 m# s
107. Sympathetic strike: y- o! V7 J& O1 P5 Y
# o7 b4 X5 w8 q) D) Q; fRestricted Strikes, A5 C: Y: w! z5 w
108. Detailed strike3 l! C8 w* ]# ^& u& p, u+ ^
109. Bumper strike$ C' U; P8 ]& l h* k- G1 S
110. Slowdown strike
, @) b5 u% g+ z, W- \% J 111. Working-to-rule strike
* e: Z- i. Y+ n, S( I 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; a* Z+ D/ G2 l" r" u 113. Strike by resignation9 f- y1 X$ u, E1 Q; ?+ l- s3 q2 u
114. Limited strike& S2 D7 y. m$ P) ]
115. Selective strike
7 z5 `& j) T& Z( i6 F9 U) p( K- L9 C- s3 w. v! V" a
Multi-Industry Strikes% q$ ~- k2 x3 G% E2 k$ w( G z4 k6 r
" P1 N" w9 \9 `' ?4 x 116. Generalized strike
* {; {! @ f4 d$ s5 C' u+ `% m. p' Y" X8 d. ?
117. General strike
8 T' I/ D* W1 t: T5 R) a f/ J! _
; z) t9 E2 o/ A% bCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ w# S% r8 }3 p) q0 B" A
3 X% D. l; m. p1 Q& g 118. Hartal! N8 H: K/ o# e7 A7 K# [+ b
7 @+ y% G4 e% p& E; } 119. Economic shutdown7 C4 K- ~/ M8 K+ Y9 T/ v
# v+ u) m. ]9 w6 { P
$ U r8 i, i! k4 F
6 g2 D, |$ ~+ Z' i' xTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 @: o/ H/ Q8 R0 bRejection of Authority
2 I0 @2 N b+ z7 a% c" u: A- D- z$ c 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance3 h2 H4 u0 q% G# ]$ `& ]1 F
121. Refusal of public support8 {& I& h% E0 [; U' V/ q) J
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 h q% s+ c/ Z6 A
4 p8 S5 Z$ d \6 R- [Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government& D( v: L6 P9 Q$ ^. D
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
^" a4 B7 p+ W; x2 y; F( A( h& s 124. Boycott of elections0 C2 k/ g4 F" F- N0 C: ~8 g9 i1 I
125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 Y& m& `0 ], k N: S2 a2 p% C% {
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies- p! \, r9 O0 y U
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; T5 T2 _! R+ e* E" t% B 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations. N6 P! U X$ j$ ~4 R) T/ N
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
8 Y& z; I) ~* o) |+ h6 |2 a 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 t2 r: Q4 t' ~- l/ Z5 q
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ o" R1 o) B2 w& M# f 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- R: M/ E8 R! s% A c: o
, y$ u; I2 Z& ZCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 x% E, w9 L5 d: a$ q# U% k' D 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, `* j& o/ `. y5 ^) Q- f- B 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) L7 ]8 n' Y0 \/ U } 135. Popular nonobedience
& t; w5 Q( s1 ]+ b! s% f 136. Disguised disobedience/ h6 ^) w2 ?8 b) C7 l4 _
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 j. `- A; D, f: U 138. Sitdown
h7 e( @( Y3 B+ M2 J$ D! M 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation+ r6 Z% a6 S8 W- `
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
1 F7 a" Z1 o* ^8 i2 `3 u( _ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& D, ^* h/ T% N0 B9 }( N3 k* d8 u
H) L# C) v( u4 z! e' d/ B, X0 BAction by Government Personnel
6 {0 t- c) y! D) S 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 u% O% _4 W$ Q7 F0 P8 S: V4 }
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 _. n" \5 ~* t 144. Stalling and obstruction
; H4 M' K7 G- X5 T 145. General administrative noncooperation7 W! K3 G; r9 Q9 j9 ]6 M+ e2 g
* r% Z: ?% \" S* g) P 146. Judicial noncooperation8 b& j: J, X+ j4 L$ D, `
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 `1 A, Z1 W0 j+ M& g! p, R 148. Mutiny2 J$ y1 T6 }5 k* \9 A7 x0 ?4 Z
Domestic Governmental Action# s( C) W& L7 x7 ^& S% j
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays3 o- U8 L6 J9 E, g2 U
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
* R, m+ |$ |4 `- c! ]: J# l% c6 T; X
International Governmental Action
; a: W% z2 T, c' ~ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 I9 z6 O% u* r" k* V6 L 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# q" P' J) r: A( R+ A* L. N7 z& K* r% Q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: e6 J) g# [0 U8 }4 r( o
154. Severance of diplomatic relations! X3 M( ]8 b! U" G
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 @/ i9 \- e; w/ U& h* Z 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( y& s& v& L6 A2 ]" d2 { 157. Expulsion from international organizations: ~0 S, }8 W6 D" Z4 m1 m* U+ Z
1 F& y# P5 P) _ N + J) w) t+ G: M4 F: F$ V
+ Y6 u& ]& g$ B6 s- W/ cTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
7 `5 b6 E5 a+ S7 X( m. W9 [" d9 Y0 W' P& W1 Q; ]1 l ~
) J9 Y P: y q8 c+ {5 }& {6 ZPsychological Intervention6 u; q: [) f! U% G2 V2 e4 E0 h
158. Self-exposure to the elements4 Q5 {' {3 Y; L) L. ~
159. The fast
1 K! @" G% F6 p$ p M; { a) Fast of moral pressure6 ]! j* X7 H) b9 B- j
b) Hunger strike! E" t( n, v$ A2 j$ E+ p* I: t" n
c) Satyagrahic fast; @+ r4 w9 {, d- E# p, p
160. Reverse trial% j0 w4 f G$ D
161. Nonviolent harassment, B! A. Q% J. }- w# p
' i! [6 C! N; s
Physical Intervention! A2 j1 K5 ?$ i5 J$ ?! O
162. Sit-in" z, d8 o, l7 u5 M$ Q+ j1 K" E% ~
163. Stand-in: d& D+ ~' \& W
164. Ride-in" M6 s3 l# ^, {# r+ s8 C
165. Wade-in
; E$ p# p& e0 j0 m% g4 i0 B0 e W 166. Mill-in" s S: V: I8 b! I6 y* l+ L
167. Pray-in' F+ P6 @8 c. ], x, t
168. Nonviolent raids. r( `+ O( D( V7 y0 q* [" m
169. Nonviolent air raids6 H( w; ~5 g% i# U# n
170. Nonviolent invasion+ R1 P5 b5 m3 A- H9 z$ D# p9 X
171. Nonviolent interjection
7 c, s7 y9 K/ j- R9 `* j4 V4 c 172. Nonviolent obstruction) @2 }1 V) r- q" Z1 G6 R/ \2 [
173. Nonviolent occupation
" M* C2 n& d5 p% ]
7 Q8 I5 _. C* d# {) |Social Intervention7 H! s0 _* P2 ?$ O
174. Establishing new social patterns! _" r5 i5 M3 X% C7 M$ q
175. Overloading of facilities8 j G6 Q5 Y u- R
176. Stall-in
7 Q8 T% v# p" S, [+ L9 X" A 177. Speak-in+ x w. H! n% ^6 Z
178. Guerrilla theater
$ K$ `* T& b. M% {/ ?/ i/ R 179. Alternative social institutions/ p) q$ \$ Y# v4 t/ E
180. Alternative communication system/ e( F8 M5 ^# F3 u/ E
' b( q! i% M) b' u; x* U# w# i: h
Economic Intervention
/ u7 x ~2 p1 h9 t7 ~: P9 X" r 181. Reverse strike9 D) l i1 Z* c( D0 [
182. Stay-in strike
9 {2 r n; _1 _' V7 x i" h* U 183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 ?! d5 k R, T% e3 t 184. Defiance of blockades u: N% m* M z0 G8 G! t
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 H* e9 @9 P0 B. F1 I* ?# m 186. Preclusive purchasing
1 J8 z; l0 |. |$ M& d! o 187. Seizure of assets$ b8 w1 s- _" W6 a! g
188. Dumping
$ `: w' Z9 u9 x# w. A 189. Selective patronage9 g/ F4 Q" f# p& S; R8 I
190. Alternative markets
@3 S' c$ e' W, D- v: e7 J* b 191. Alternative transportation systems
) Y8 \. I; [" G% y! \ 192. Alternative economic institutions' A2 @! a7 R R/ C' M
- R o) V* P6 z; ]% MPolitical Intervention
% J+ ]; r+ P/ o- j 193. Overloading of administrative systems+ Q( y- G5 ~8 S7 c
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" I' {2 n% B, r1 ~& F' ]- e
195. Seeking imprisonment- `: M! }) O+ U9 A; z" j9 X
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; k. o( _9 j R7 s- F m9 k+ N 197. Work-on without collaboration
$ L: g# y. X0 c& H% W$ |6 F- P3 f 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government4 D3 Y! e! w( A; H$ A
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
