 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ |' F- h- Q( n& S" L& s9 Z% NFormal Statements
5 {5 |) i6 l# h* w: }, ] 1. Public Speeches$ _/ _" r3 K% \4 q8 Q' I% M0 U
2. Letters of opposition or support
3 h S. g! U2 R2 c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 ~; E! \, G- t/ \ U
4. Signed public statements
' ~) K/ ^4 P8 z" G( D, r 5. Declarations of indictment and intention4 E& `9 {5 n' Y: I
6. Group or mass petitions
( V0 q, c, X5 R; h p! }6 y& U
Communications with a Wider Audience3 ] W* S' n, u* u; a/ T3 ^
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ g2 S- e) D' s- h, D 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ u' p6 m4 F( q6 e, T
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books- P! G4 B# |1 W) T+ Y
10. Newspapers and journals G. Z3 t2 p, t B. k
11. Records, radio, and television
y) I, O) b/ l% ]: y: [$ W 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
# w, ]* I. m' `0 Z4 L* J( p+ V9 U0 m% ]& `% u l/ }- p
Group Representations
! U: t8 T: a1 Z* j' a$ m 13. Deputations% u5 J, [' ~0 `3 K, C- z
14. Mock awards* ]' l* w0 |! M0 J8 P5 f5 K( z; n
15. Group lobbying' N' c; P' p' Q' i0 r
16. Picketing
) b7 t* a3 b6 \. b4 Y 17. Mock elections
- U! @, J; m A ~$ M) g( w. v% }* J6 O' ?+ J2 c& D9 r6 h7 x
Symbolic Public Acts
2 Y1 c: A! e$ P/ ~3 T' ? 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors* G. t9 _# C; `; U6 R% ~
19. Wearing of symbols
% ^1 A" p! G+ T2 X5 w9 a 20. Prayer and worship
+ A6 d5 t. P/ q; d7 H' t4 k8 h 21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 [2 F% S' O9 q( `( P+ Y7 a 22. Protest disrobings& i( ^2 y, k+ v: W5 ?; Y
23. Destruction of own property
) W: o$ W6 n, e+ ]$ ]) D0 J 24. Symbolic lights
: R; J* r. \) u 25. Displays of portraits
/ n1 x7 w6 ^0 g' b7 f) N 26. Paint as protest
) F3 I; j# X# Y# t. d5 K 27. New signs and names# g" o; D* f7 _9 i {, f
28. Symbolic sounds
6 y8 z# s8 I% r1 o" b' v 29. Symbolic reclamations8 G4 R% R" k6 c, C0 x7 l
30. Rude gestures
5 c/ W* L) `" h5 A/ H! D+ K- q5 M& x& s8 o
Pressures on Individuals* e6 B# n3 N0 _) l1 ]5 w# m& O
31. “Haunting” officials
9 U: q% D$ a# x: F0 l# D8 Y 32. Taunting officials
+ O! h6 o8 Q6 X$ Y 33. Fraternization( r' O# [0 m3 p1 n2 X( o
34. Vigils8 S$ b) V2 l, X+ M3 `
W# f9 o) g+ ?1 A0 t! ~+ tDrama and Music: n; ]* O- F& [* @3 E! f- q1 ?$ o
35. Humorous skits and pranks
( K1 x9 k- Y# o- _( ^# x: @8 D6 ?" H4 P 36. Performances of plays and music
2 q9 t/ P6 k7 j( q/ R 37. Singing
, a) |$ N( k* h; A Z4 v$ M& f! X& g$ ~' Q. T- Q
Processions
' u' a3 T3 C) S3 S) e1 k; Y 38. Marches9 v1 ^3 y. m% M# g+ A
39. Parades
. e8 l: u- i+ ~7 | 40. Religious processions
' Y6 q0 S3 G( J6 e1 d; l 41. Pilgrimages
+ j( p, d2 r4 ]' Q 42. Motorcades
6 O* U% E8 q8 ~) R- K Q" d4 |7 I: ^- r7 F0 y9 `- a
Honoring the Dead
+ C, P' z8 a% f, c1 m 43. Political mourning
4 f- ?" k7 \0 z3 r# ]) k 44. Mock funerals" w4 c" o1 Q. E. V1 J
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ D& d m5 c. E/ k6 K5 X 46. Homage at burial places
2 {1 ]+ [2 v# E& B0 d2 v& }8 F+ {
+ J0 h \1 g0 b& K' ^Public Assemblies
" }! q+ c+ ~, E: p( Z# b @) B 47. Assemblies of protest or support. ?& @' r( u" t [ T% }& ?
48. Protest meetings
/ h/ A% y2 d) j# N, o' T 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
T% v' X" T+ t6 j 50. Teach-ins! \% J* t" \7 E0 H, F
! d$ y: H5 B) Y# f* CWithdrawal and Renunciation. j' l3 J* r7 k% Z
51. Walk-outs+ O7 w0 }$ B7 M! s" H
52. Silence
" r9 j% c# w$ c. z9 T2 F$ l6 O 53. Renouncing honors% y0 F: R9 S! ^- G
54. Turning one’s back$ Q- W% ~/ t5 U# F( D/ T
' A' [: _6 {$ X/ F% D( ^ * |6 R4 W# E \4 v
; P3 O: t9 L- NTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 l K- i" h+ M$ v N8 \3 _ o " W0 M6 e$ I p, V( n9 w6 ]' Y& I
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Ostracism of Persons
3 @2 Y3 ^# y2 j2 B2 D 55. Social boycott1 u) F# v2 Z7 z
56. Selective social boycott
0 S% e0 T& r/ m& q5 ~( V 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ t# {( M9 `8 b' q" J; L 58. Excommunication) w& a7 Z1 Q* t; Z* W( q, G
59. Interdict5 Z+ L- F, }3 p' {8 `$ J& ~
1 H7 L( a2 l' V
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 O. M0 B% l( o) y# u! [5 s1 [2 j
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 K: ?, x; c* e3 ^ 61. Boycott of social affairs
4 _$ H" w6 I9 j 62. Student strike; c( F% U: u& y. f' r [
63. Social disobedience" P* ?/ {" n% F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions. _. z6 w& b9 g+ O# w* m9 u1 Z/ b" m: |
4 C) W& U: a3 EWithdrawal from the Social System* l3 L6 o* V2 w2 J# b
65. Stay-at-home+ A' }5 x9 @% @4 ^
66. Total personal noncooperation% ~9 N9 a$ U+ Y% U7 N5 ^! A$ ?
67. “Flight” of workers1 l' [ K f* I: F9 y
68. Sanctuary' @# O( h9 `% o3 a |3 d. T7 A
69. Collective disappearance! h$ G. Y6 h; d+ | |5 ^! N
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" z" l6 x4 V/ j# K8 S6 B9 V+ R0 F
" H' g* Z: @# X+ r* V c5 V
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' b. x( H# n7 F8 H5 ^. B# Y& e4 BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! N1 `- O9 D5 V1 J
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Actions by Consumers3 W8 `6 r& u; L
71. Consumers’ boycott" |( v& l" K. z3 G: g0 _5 c4 d; J
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 U# X+ j; f+ y: w
73. Policy of austerity7 D- e( T5 W: f2 @+ v/ u9 n" \
74. Rent withholding
7 ` M" f7 v, ]9 \) l1 e; ?* t* y- \ 75. Refusal to rent1 o) `2 V Z) z3 B9 v9 X5 z7 I
76. National consumers’ boycott
5 Y/ K- _) _/ N- s3 M2 S" j O 77. International consumers’ boycott
% Z7 e" p2 n+ j0 q: q) j p+ j& o8 ~5 u
Action by Workers and Producers$ s. e/ J8 @* l, P4 r, X6 v
78. Workmen’s boycott
% D4 x$ @: ~4 z, y 79. Producers’ boycott
, n2 x- N( j/ ?9 K' O2 {# p7 I+ H+ m
Action by Middlemen
. p U. C+ d, B" s" U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
& K7 e$ x( J4 c; J1 ?
3 i/ [ r+ Y8 ^! \; `9 ~: }Action by Owners and Management
# k V- l) d7 w6 P& i 81. Traders’ boycott5 @+ f r# U2 Q$ Y0 O5 U
82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 [9 E9 u1 `. `+ p 83. Lockout
( @. W. r& _6 q7 {- l 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
0 t! l* f& ~. R/ X4 f 85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ O. J9 X, S! N3 A) C% t
% V0 \, Z6 O, {; g
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
, D6 g M& i+ i: \1 D: r3 E% D 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ J8 m- C" y4 v7 `- w
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 |6 f% I1 f% [; V3 \. g0 b 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ {( F: z9 I, J4 V3 `
89. Severance of funds and credit s4 @/ @3 j6 Z) j: }% C8 K+ L
90. Revenue refusal1 P* v$ e. v8 Y1 M$ W) M3 H! n r
91. Refusal of a government’s money
' {& v4 C/ y; T( P, N: L6 ~8 B D7 |& Z, x. {$ D* P' A4 t/ ]. c! a% r
Action by Governments
2 e8 u3 m# H* F9 V% c) ^( S; _( C 92. Domestic embargo( Z# ^8 {5 u0 c, {/ j
93. Blacklisting of traders
$ H! g& K& a( Z2 A7 s) h 94. International sellers’ embargo
G' ~# t' C0 L7 x4 V' c9 f 95. International buyers’ embargo `) w5 Q0 O( t
96. International trade embargo0 m2 {/ u, [& Y* y E! U: _
2 Y! r" X$ H, L2 r0 J; H
3 Y. K: M" E# I8 a5 I' S3 r1 v {) ^; G+ v
) P; s+ \1 L4 B! y" YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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9 h; y( G0 w( t) I# N / ?: @" K# V" Z* `; P/ t1 S: R G, j
Symbolic Strikes% U& F" J9 B2 P2 |' Q0 _% e
97. Protest strike$ q8 A" c/ B* w8 Y; S( w! B8 ]0 T
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# V, E# w2 b3 j( H' J: N6 p6 c, j1 Z6 T/ y& B' g% U8 ^- c
Agricultural Strikes
2 L1 l, c; t/ S A F5 y1 G, {# F 99. Peasant strike
$ ] R4 I* y. C 100. Farm Workers’ strike( Y9 C4 q* C: x) ~0 K7 ?3 Q z
& X7 n d+ e% d: O2 h, qStrikes by Special Groups
2 G# m6 s: o1 l: s 101. Refusal of impressed labor& m1 l! f* u4 f) |
102. Prisoners’ strike
! z9 |% S8 f1 a; W# m 103. Craft strike
+ o; W, _8 ]7 Q; P2 O' E 104. Professional strike! O5 Z8 w% K9 k4 ]9 `
9 A/ m; @# [) d ?/ _5 v- tOrdinary Industrial Strikes% B! V% [3 [( U; i" x0 x* N
105. Establishment strike3 R! t- K4 |$ y' t7 n
106. Industry strike# C5 o1 C1 ] I: J. E
107. Sympathetic strike- a8 i ?3 G2 h: x
7 a5 O4 j* J6 LRestricted Strikes6 ~3 ^* z! \# d {* T! E' [" ?
108. Detailed strike3 R: }8 |5 [2 E: [0 Y4 G1 i* R
109. Bumper strike: C" t9 z p5 b! `) ^
110. Slowdown strike
, T {. w( }0 y2 E* M C 111. Working-to-rule strike
7 G; c( J0 m/ ?5 x5 T# V 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): r$ h7 k+ O' L3 s& }) l
113. Strike by resignation* e& X* M j$ R
114. Limited strike
. b, F; {. S9 [ 115. Selective strike
! \- h4 S: U$ T9 f( Q! `1 `. F3 C- F, P* C6 c1 \6 h! |
Multi-Industry Strikes
$ N! `" b/ @; D9 }# L* V& Y$ A2 G) h/ h! S( y/ s
116. Generalized strike
! [! F7 Y0 M* F( E9 u
4 |3 n1 Y) d/ z8 C2 m: q 117. General strike& e. z/ B0 y& f' }5 I
! Z( R' \9 F3 R2 a, a" ICombination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 ~& V& y6 ^8 r# ~# [6 W) _
# q1 t# w/ I% X" _1 r
118. Hartal
6 h4 X6 n- v8 g% C( S( S) U# x8 L3 Z6 \5 _
119. Economic shutdown# k0 L8 {" i- i4 c+ a1 |" t
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* t) X) a4 E3 ~# V+ P' V* b; N
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Rejection of Authority
& g7 z1 \' {2 Q2 N3 n8 W" e 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 ~+ p8 S1 P) [/ e7 c1 Q2 {' h! @
121. Refusal of public support
" x$ _+ B3 k8 J) f4 Z: w0 a" o7 C 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
, w E& `, ~0 s0 z/ m6 Y
+ D$ n& w* y2 \6 F% jCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 U$ D7 A" n7 [( |* E8 I) ~ ?
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# z' ]% W& @7 O6 B# T$ v% r/ g 124. Boycott of elections
( A. H' o4 w# t 125. Boycott of government employment and positions( O: A4 E1 {1 c. K3 L! e0 A
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( O; O1 A% [2 C3 r
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" z( ` H% A3 b( }: f% `
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations3 P6 B% g) T" d7 f- D# G
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- J! _4 U8 V, z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) U r. j" \8 f8 ]/ ]
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; G! `4 M$ q) V$ W/ T# @ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
, b* y& p. v2 N- {+ i2 F
3 u: N {' [+ L% @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
Y& v$ ]& Z6 v* k5 O' I 133. Reluctant and slow compliance* f' S/ A, _& _% V* [
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 v4 l7 }9 Y$ q5 I8 W
135. Popular nonobedience
_0 }5 x5 K6 P/ n& r3 k& q 136. Disguised disobedience
! }3 S. g: ^( o: N1 g 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, @; A. [/ Q: x7 L. S
138. Sitdown
8 c( L1 q0 `( y0 D8 J/ u8 G 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 J( `3 Q5 o4 A6 h( f# n
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 u3 G. s1 x8 `7 |4 Z2 | 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# p( Q4 `( B6 h! c8 t$ v& {' X
7 L6 P. N& M3 T6 OAction by Government Personnel2 O; F4 _/ t9 `" s: h8 Q8 w* x
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 n4 A* c# |% b& S9 j( N! I
143. Blocking of lines of command and information) }5 e& o! J; r$ U$ K1 u3 w
144. Stalling and obstruction
8 L# z0 Z0 {- e5 X 145. General administrative noncooperation7 D3 h' \2 ^' c4 P- u$ K7 \) o
o. X, L" \, ?8 F$ l3 p 146. Judicial noncooperation( W0 F. X& j! Y \; k, |
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 [( ^& l3 a$ V 148. Mutiny! l0 x4 A' T8 o8 N% K
Domestic Governmental Action
4 t* M& Q6 ^5 i; w7 J- O& ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# B8 R. [# e' Z: a5 ]0 g 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ M% ~, {8 t+ e7 L
% G$ z8 H* C" K% u A( f2 fInternational Governmental Action! p# A2 u0 b* I6 t$ H E3 a
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- s* I" e) A3 X
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 H/ {& y- t: l' O- y% E7 ^ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition c7 t: w2 M# }
154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 ?& l6 e' e2 V4 j: P& g
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, X0 L9 Z r: ]4 Z6 ~ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 @ y4 a8 X3 o% I( P1 V4 J" ~# Q+ l 157. Expulsion from international organizations' C: G7 B. I! Q/ @# f0 w5 D5 {
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+ g; t; @) s$ B1 x
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION" k" W! D! W! C! q5 x: P/ a- W
8 |2 y5 A$ O. X7 C
s4 j2 u- Z. ]8 @Psychological Intervention% \5 I5 J8 c, l+ [7 T, ?1 v
158. Self-exposure to the elements/ ?3 w; z/ l! Y1 {% \
159. The fast
. o0 w; n, Q+ b! O `. { a) Fast of moral pressure: Q6 y1 T. C: V! y8 i
b) Hunger strike
& `! o1 z1 A1 G$ v& | c) Satyagrahic fast& B1 N6 X; c& @2 R$ |0 v
160. Reverse trial u( _# @( U4 A: y4 j- v
161. Nonviolent harassment( s. V6 F. r9 p! q9 u* t U: U
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Physical Intervention
6 Y- M, ^+ B$ y3 W 162. Sit-in% L' [: p& R& ^4 y6 Y
163. Stand-in
6 `0 ?2 l; k& Z* m& a' E 164. Ride-in
6 r: J5 j( _/ q' A2 n7 J2 ?8 K0 J+ a 165. Wade-in
% L6 R( }" X; p( J$ v2 a) y( V 166. Mill-in
- [ v0 k3 ]" @ 167. Pray-in
3 c; d6 {. }; Q/ ] 168. Nonviolent raids
7 s G, M6 n/ g5 t- K 169. Nonviolent air raids
% x% m6 T0 ?, V 170. Nonviolent invasion% p: y: B- w/ p0 c
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 Q3 _. h0 D+ Q* w6 e2 i$ j: G0 _ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
& i) J2 T+ }) o6 P& H9 Z' ^ 173. Nonviolent occupation: `+ Z# i, s9 f, q% S: Z
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Social Intervention. O4 Z- y9 Y d) ?3 S; g! O2 c
174. Establishing new social patterns
U6 v- d* ^' ^( S( S+ _ 175. Overloading of facilities
+ r* V( ^& N8 T8 C) n; n* Q 176. Stall-in
; r+ M9 h- u' m5 ] |2 I: P1 N# b 177. Speak-in4 b- U4 F# n1 Z
178. Guerrilla theater
! k8 d; A3 V" { 179. Alternative social institutions
4 p% {* o y \- W. {# z3 ~* d 180. Alternative communication system8 d9 |! [2 Z% X5 ^! F5 i1 y$ S
3 J* T) q. S7 }+ g+ p. o
Economic Intervention
2 u( ?/ j- Q, W6 w1 ]7 E 181. Reverse strike
. @4 E; k o4 r# ]) `' d0 k 182. Stay-in strike3 P# x; Q. ~1 s4 g- d
183. Nonviolent land seizure# e* B8 A- o* }4 R
184. Defiance of blockades
! I3 D' g% G: ]4 T" x' O 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; K6 U$ w7 X; L+ f% ]$ K' \; f* F
186. Preclusive purchasing
) s( g- u {- [7 M 187. Seizure of assets
% I5 Z) c4 c+ [- R: F4 n 188. Dumping
4 q+ q# J' c/ X$ ] 189. Selective patronage
4 H3 @+ O1 I4 d5 ^/ x. L' m 190. Alternative markets1 k' K2 U+ D0 b" R/ i( [) T; ?
191. Alternative transportation systems
1 K" U4 k4 F: v' G 192. Alternative economic institutions4 `6 G7 P8 {; Y3 K( {
6 } o; z8 g1 { }; ?5 {Political Intervention
' L$ h: V0 Z/ E4 Z1 H. @# ] 193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 x! T) o- u, s2 @2 S# X3 g |4 a. z9 f 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents% n3 d- m) H0 M8 e1 S2 t) l
195. Seeking imprisonment
/ @' B1 y5 m! @ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, {# i& u) |2 K" w5 \" }' [) u4 _3 t; s 197. Work-on without collaboration
3 g* F& b$ N$ X0 @ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# `1 c: Z9 g( J* s N+ T3 s
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
