 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 l, w# ^0 B9 ?/ Y
Formal Statements; U8 j+ x) q5 u' T( G- J
1. Public Speeches
4 p: `. ]; {' z( b4 \ 2. Letters of opposition or support
& w ^. @: x5 P1 ?$ i4 K# r. }/ y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( } a( M: ^, ?
4. Signed public statements
' a/ n" d3 l, Q( V* H4 L 5. Declarations of indictment and intention; J' m$ A0 Z& q
6. Group or mass petitions7 d8 g' ~/ c, h8 L
. k4 z9 r! U- i0 Q8 K: lCommunications with a Wider Audience
5 H* g+ Z- t' T0 R 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# H) C, s2 i9 ]/ {( G. k; p 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 T& Y8 b! i* t* V
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& H2 `5 F ?8 p* P* E. l
10. Newspapers and journals
- B7 d5 B n* c$ l! s8 f) O& k# { 11. Records, radio, and television( w+ K M! O2 R# n5 ]. h
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
4 `4 c, e/ m- F4 I( N- A5 i5 `) K
Group Representations; | h7 [ Y4 y# M( m2 i! a
13. Deputations9 V: Q2 r- E) i8 f) J
14. Mock awards, M, ]# v7 T- g+ w
15. Group lobbying2 E# G: I: k4 k+ a
16. Picketing) M: J& C, a( H0 D" G% ~
17. Mock elections
) L9 J$ P9 X9 f( J
- C- N, q' K& c5 s+ u4 N; n# o$ |Symbolic Public Acts
& F7 ~9 A( M$ g/ N 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. g: g9 B d3 O7 o4 r 19. Wearing of symbols
0 C& T6 _+ z# r* G( G. v 20. Prayer and worship
7 l, a- i* _3 y4 K3 c K- h 21. Delivering symbolic objects2 Z( g3 F1 Y5 `; N6 _: g
22. Protest disrobings
6 c3 `6 f/ \) Y7 s, N+ Q$ E' s9 ?& { 23. Destruction of own property
& P0 P! Y0 t. z$ k' L1 w" P 24. Symbolic lights
1 D% p' r- u8 P4 ^; l) y 25. Displays of portraits x! I0 R1 J" S) b% ?* s
26. Paint as protest
1 R, r8 ~0 y8 f' H 27. New signs and names
2 a9 _& q: X, g5 m4 n% i 28. Symbolic sounds
2 G ~# h2 Q) ] O* U5 A 29. Symbolic reclamations* p4 X H8 y: S L Y
30. Rude gestures0 ^5 E) v: b% o `/ M+ ^0 g% ?, H
" Y; j7 G3 p& N" K7 C! C; f9 h+ n; cPressures on Individuals
: Q3 E, M; J3 c" X, A3 ~: \9 D 31. “Haunting” officials
- @4 u3 j; _( A9 V0 y/ u& P3 i( E 32. Taunting officials
, d/ _' ~5 `4 J 33. Fraternization/ ^: [, T* g2 }, G z$ c
34. Vigils
5 f7 v9 d7 W2 ?# T$ \9 R! Y& U2 V, d1 \$ F1 u/ e9 |
Drama and Music
# g; F" Z; T& E( ]* D! U7 K 35. Humorous skits and pranks% J+ U" \" R8 z G! B' o
36. Performances of plays and music
- C# z p6 x& m6 g1 C I" H% x+ v 37. Singing$ @4 P7 I5 p; o* `
1 h* {) r" E# |
Processions2 u+ Z* m0 d, g( g$ _
38. Marches
- n8 W8 P& |& x( | 39. Parades
/ m- I( _7 @0 m4 D% g3 Y2 [! p# L 40. Religious processions
7 f4 Z/ i8 Y( C& h$ t 41. Pilgrimages
, e2 ^; F9 I7 F4 R 42. Motorcades. E8 O4 B m( c" b2 a. |4 k
0 B- ^. |6 H6 ?+ v0 C( z
Honoring the Dead6 F- ^8 N2 Y \' f* O0 \
43. Political mourning
J) ~. j: ]% ?, d0 }& Y" h5 y 44. Mock funerals
$ E' Y9 r% N7 J 45. Demonstrative funerals' `' a" O: w1 \ O( s- ^
46. Homage at burial places
0 H+ y n7 h. y' m
$ q3 y: i- y. j {4 HPublic Assemblies) _. N# A6 ]- N$ q* v4 G4 J3 S) H
47. Assemblies of protest or support7 o' E% g" ^2 {2 H4 y
48. Protest meetings+ l, B9 D% N1 @: m( S L+ s
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 @5 Y: s# U) p+ m( Q" ?: y; v; \ 50. Teach-ins
! M( {9 n/ `! j! n, K. x$ I" d, n) P! R
Withdrawal and Renunciation( r9 X/ }; B6 D6 b6 \% i
51. Walk-outs
! ?3 U3 o, u7 K+ d 52. Silence
: f4 r, f9 {, o `* Y3 z 53. Renouncing honors
5 E5 V& j. B7 a$ q; |- a' | 54. Turning one’s back! P. Q& P+ d( W* g x0 d, H
6 v: F7 o% U# b- n# x( @
1 j1 M1 |1 q4 f+ n' `' L8 o
2 E) Z4 \$ u% @. U9 tTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION; n( D/ k1 h1 k s" q7 k+ o% q4 i
: m5 m& E }" D
0 Q o( z, R3 a6 h' e6 @
% N! z: G" k& W+ }( k- y/ |1 o" _Ostracism of Persons! F# m* @( g) ?0 R( P/ j
55. Social boycott- {! y3 `/ b8 M
56. Selective social boycott
5 a" x4 G1 K* n6 `' R) k 57. Lysistratic nonaction" V7 o- } E2 C) _- H
58. Excommunication g# m" a5 C2 n2 i) `+ c
59. Interdict7 H1 u g# `% y* Z4 k) ?
& Y$ Y. B- W: m
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! M. v8 ^) q. i# _6 E 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% @/ [% h/ f' f/ p! K% z. N 61. Boycott of social affairs
: j% f; r4 ~5 G4 s" b% @) |3 b4 V 62. Student strike
! c$ ]# \! f$ k- f9 p 63. Social disobedience
u+ x {2 n$ s2 m3 J/ d 64. Withdrawal from social institutions, `- d2 j4 N! o" ^1 C0 d0 }
6 T, F0 \6 Q. L, y) R
Withdrawal from the Social System
! L% p/ P4 X3 x8 v) J. {$ ^ 65. Stay-at-home
9 Q5 ^* Z/ M, ^, q7 _- `* }% _3 x 66. Total personal noncooperation
3 q& d0 H4 J+ S: V0 P3 B& L2 ]+ c 67. “Flight” of workers
! r0 M* I& l5 w3 N 68. Sanctuary
2 I* n, Q# u/ v- q+ A5 a# L0 | 69. Collective disappearance. a+ Z7 J. t+ P, f5 {
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& z+ @6 U5 [$ ^* p3 b8 c6 o
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; j+ j3 C5 i3 L5 mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS/ Y2 q8 {3 U6 m% H8 L1 s
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* k+ i+ g! T1 ]) `' UActions by Consumers
) Y& f# B4 D5 M& n( L) C' E 71. Consumers’ boycott
6 U$ k: F7 @ y6 |$ p# r/ Q3 b, {. @, f+ P 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( l! w5 r+ Z* S2 M9 ?6 B( r, h
73. Policy of austerity( T1 T" J* n: n# L" H* k
74. Rent withholding
/ x" n2 R0 Y9 ^ 75. Refusal to rent& J2 D# h# T* N5 {+ J/ w" e0 V
76. National consumers’ boycott7 w; Z! ]6 r8 D3 k- U% R+ `; E
77. International consumers’ boycott+ L7 T( O" K. g3 V7 C3 v. p' D$ U
, o$ S& {( Y! g. L* C- CAction by Workers and Producers
. L! l+ L* g y6 Z+ F* o 78. Workmen’s boycott# `8 a. P& T$ t1 @6 \0 I: r5 K
79. Producers’ boycott7 v T3 M6 H$ r$ s% N7 r3 c
6 [; t8 [; K2 o4 u+ T" f
Action by Middlemen
9 D8 ~5 ~9 q9 c; `3 A9 \1 z3 f2 l 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
- `9 W+ R% b4 y! [+ J( \; |6 k$ B: p2 g7 u: s, ~/ I7 R% c
Action by Owners and Management" g+ @, ]5 C w$ A) W
81. Traders’ boycott8 O; `. v- `0 s! @ h1 l
82. Refusal to let or sell property0 s0 L7 ?2 p3 V" Y+ v o' b
83. Lockout; d$ C. I7 ]; _/ ^# Y* Z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
( p5 \3 a* [, c) N% s% R1 i 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
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1 p8 T* r$ ?: @2 U. j8 k" i# S+ QAction by Holders of Financial Resources
2 N% f6 B) k: F# M; K8 ?( @1 Z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% [) Y; I& ]0 i2 e6 l! G4 h
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments2 l2 F0 T6 ^% T" g# n8 F. W8 w
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 H7 P' A; A( r2 s5 K
89. Severance of funds and credit
$ s3 ?6 F$ `" F! G# K2 u 90. Revenue refusal' K% u) J2 o/ \9 M' c4 i
91. Refusal of a government’s money, C' }; f: v) d5 g4 Z
+ B9 A; V$ \" J4 |) `
Action by Governments0 L$ W3 s( ~% q/ {& p
92. Domestic embargo
! h( w8 |7 n# \& ] i- D8 s 93. Blacklisting of traders
# k3 g+ Q# h9 u# G 94. International sellers’ embargo
( J; I) x) F7 d 95. International buyers’ embargo
3 i5 M6 z& g4 l6 Q 96. International trade embargo3 P, P/ }9 P0 q3 l- r# ?% f
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE6 v$ L9 t* O, w6 H5 Z
4 R; z* T7 S& ]5 `- }& i5 \
" U+ f4 z0 p* ?6 k) {1 b JSymbolic Strikes1 S! p* b% z/ F
97. Protest strike
2 o8 ~$ H" f, ?' L$ D 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) W4 ^4 l, t2 z' v e, G1 O3 }; y! i
( F% w: j( p, u- q, _Agricultural Strikes+ r1 W$ \- f5 x0 y
99. Peasant strike# g+ q; Z5 d' y1 a! @
100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 @ i/ r2 i: ~4 l4 e, @5 l8 R/ b5 N" b) G0 I
Strikes by Special Groups
' i0 y, i, h. B$ z$ r. m4 g E 101. Refusal of impressed labor' ^: F, P4 i. V0 N- U) U# u6 V
102. Prisoners’ strike
: T0 q! w' [9 d9 W7 h3 ^ 103. Craft strike9 `; {" a! C5 ^
104. Professional strike1 _, H; x( p- z$ V( M5 p/ |* ]
* N/ L& [, ]6 s* r' VOrdinary Industrial Strikes/ @7 r6 |3 @! Q: z; ~6 k; d& Y; G) K
105. Establishment strike @' Z! I; H4 h2 \2 @! q
106. Industry strike4 A9 R( ?) x: c5 F& G
107. Sympathetic strike
- a2 b( h) ?2 T" R
1 Q; \: h- z/ s" jRestricted Strikes( F" {6 W) E; x2 G6 ]; O8 z: ^
108. Detailed strike: ~- n: q3 d F- I. D' m) v. k
109. Bumper strike5 e6 c! H, u i- t2 Z
110. Slowdown strike$ @# t' @3 K: C4 c
111. Working-to-rule strike8 p% G( r( X5 f4 J( V. d+ r/ R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 x( {+ i- j. Q# Q5 O3 v 113. Strike by resignation* Y( Z& Z, p6 R0 J& q7 D4 _
114. Limited strike
9 ^5 _& m1 f( Y+ ^: b6 O" G- b& F 115. Selective strike7 Q, g, [: j: M9 H& r
# ?# } D5 D9 Q- H" rMulti-Industry Strikes
+ ~! S" X4 H* g A/ }, a3 J
8 g0 O' w+ D+ s" L, C 116. Generalized strike
3 I3 x+ G" C/ O/ k1 }+ a, |# G2 y9 [ Q9 n6 J! K! u
117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% l( E( X- z1 Y3 |) Q" _8 W
/ m6 Z0 t7 }% E 118. Hartal% @* L" K2 q; I" j/ B+ F
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119. Economic shutdown& |1 E( J% ~4 K: A
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, b& e3 D9 L# f1 M' T9 aTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, \+ R3 B t; k5 D3 b
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! p, x3 n+ L. ?: O( j; i5 f( d, G6 yRejection of Authority
. F/ M; v$ A5 @5 X% K4 H 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 f3 y; E+ _% x" w/ ?, i
121. Refusal of public support0 O0 ~5 V* N6 u' `) u! z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# i. K' ^3 J$ f' A g
5 l" e+ s3 I) V8 ~5 g' DCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. j, e, d2 k! X9 E6 E+ m) ] 123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 U1 U6 I6 H9 ]5 `. D
124. Boycott of elections- M1 t- b. _8 e* q6 `2 J" ^: S
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 b3 u4 ]9 s4 D7 V( t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* j4 C% ^3 w" }; m" w5 g
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, b" J1 n( w1 C, H ] 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 A2 T; ?" K# b3 B
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
) t9 W, N* p$ y7 X: q 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! i/ u2 X: H( |' Q% q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ \9 |* s1 v, W3 X0 q7 W* M d$ C
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 V: }7 n* u$ [4 R& ^
/ K! K* o) q! t( A8 E2 v- v4 _
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 y$ \- o) Y* e1 k0 C 133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ K+ v Y# c: z# J/ e: v9 ^- W
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision* L! J J G& R8 J2 _; v' k# n# N
135. Popular nonobedience
" }4 s [+ x5 Y; Z4 P4 @ 136. Disguised disobedience
$ @, j" D- o: y k4 p0 V1 ~ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse" P. I D! ~9 Z W: s2 C' v
138. Sitdown
. p# o1 L* P1 F2 M 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation e4 L& j7 B6 q: y4 ]3 o1 j9 }
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 p& U S" N# g! k' y. a 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws- T# O; g0 G) o" r1 r4 E
6 u; U" @3 G' R0 j. \! L* R( X
Action by Government Personnel
# j- i( E* M2 z) N; c8 A( l 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides a9 E4 f$ y& ]5 d6 v; ?4 ?2 d; `1 m
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 O$ w, H/ C) [ 144. Stalling and obstruction9 h/ r( B2 K$ Y: }9 ?
145. General administrative noncooperation
/ M0 s4 T( |* ~4 Z% I! X1 C* ]0 k5 l- r3 _ ~( |
146. Judicial noncooperation6 ^; U; v# R7 a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents, G4 s. k7 |- s7 d3 y9 |
148. Mutiny
! \# O9 }( P$ O% v2 ^Domestic Governmental Action3 h: U# A: b Y! J, d' }1 I; }
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 E2 Y' b' m8 _+ ~ 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. S+ B& ^! E7 W1 ^' S& g3 W8 Q& J& S5 {7 l9 n
International Governmental Action
9 Q2 e* [5 q# O7 P 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ e C, g! V, [6 o9 H2 V# Q( B
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 L$ F: y0 U* V: X/ ^
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' b& z5 ^" _4 ^$ ?: ] 154. Severance of diplomatic relations. ~( n- o! u% h, ~
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 x6 t1 i5 @: w 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 r# e# y: [- J2 d 157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 j) Z- o$ h( [2 j6 Y* d8 b
5 q" u0 H; m$ Z+ t2 e' B- y 0 [! e) ] w5 g6 d U
/ G% x0 i) [* h0 s' o6 eTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 ~, N N9 q, N: e) ~4 u/ B
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+ f( s; ]7 D: f+ `6 x! DPsychological Intervention- _5 E% I8 ^) m
158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ [& ]* e! p& T 159. The fast
( g4 o6 H0 Y- d- K1 Q! P a) Fast of moral pressure7 }% V, I- Z8 Y% N& N
b) Hunger strike
. V6 O# Z; D" c" e6 e c) Satyagrahic fast
3 _0 X3 @! r4 C ]' X" E \ 160. Reverse trial
& G! Y# k) D1 v/ ]7 M/ S 161. Nonviolent harassment4 f( O3 `% O. y. U( P
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Physical Intervention
2 {# L& {, ^, g9 ?& Y K- [* f- D 162. Sit-in+ ^( y. n5 Y! Y+ ~! M% l: S
163. Stand-in5 ?! f$ d2 R2 n! `
164. Ride-in, E9 {# Q9 O/ x# l% {2 i H0 ?
165. Wade-in8 c: q8 \4 y" s- `1 Y( @3 J
166. Mill-in' g# w- B+ @) q" F! A" v
167. Pray-in
) A. R# o3 ~2 S 168. Nonviolent raids
) g$ e- ]" k* q; k+ x0 W' D* W& } 169. Nonviolent air raids
' M& L1 z" B) P( D0 n 170. Nonviolent invasion
5 [' C7 T; D) O$ q 171. Nonviolent interjection
6 y9 ?8 S- {# O! Q 172. Nonviolent obstruction" m) Q, h" Y- T7 H* O, b
173. Nonviolent occupation
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, d# X$ Z/ k3 FSocial Intervention
& a& J! P% ~& E* ~. W$ Y 174. Establishing new social patterns
! U* l: i& z3 \! w8 y 175. Overloading of facilities1 E: W' d2 I* J; W
176. Stall-in/ h% ]( M/ z0 ]
177. Speak-in
: O" Q4 l4 Q+ m+ o) o 178. Guerrilla theater4 o% k$ H8 o3 j( {
179. Alternative social institutions: D' Y" k- W0 A
180. Alternative communication system
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( F0 y/ m/ P! Q" v7 e5 ]+ `5 n" }3 PEconomic Intervention% |, g6 R9 J& W$ G1 b
181. Reverse strike/ M F9 t }1 D
182. Stay-in strike8 h* m" V: n; `6 H' a/ h
183. Nonviolent land seizure/ c" G+ o5 q1 S
184. Defiance of blockades6 O- k w. i9 o
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" d: {7 Y+ T6 S1 P5 a/ Z. a 186. Preclusive purchasing
) Q6 E; f( m/ }5 x" ?. ] 187. Seizure of assets
7 Y* i* g3 d- m8 i' f- g 188. Dumping3 g: O' N, J. \0 k! O$ g& i
189. Selective patronage
$ k) k6 U% X& d- O, I" ] 190. Alternative markets
+ v) [4 V4 I. s. A! `/ h 191. Alternative transportation systems4 g: Z8 E- J1 S9 P9 `( w( e: j9 x! F
192. Alternative economic institutions
2 ^4 c: ]3 a) v$ a# h. Y3 H2 z4 m U% _5 a3 I" J1 K8 n6 |( o
Political Intervention
2 {3 u' H) c! L. W3 A 193. Overloading of administrative systems
, `9 \& _: b& s+ e 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents |3 D) L# C. d5 {8 v1 q3 b6 \3 R
195. Seeking imprisonment2 S1 { |9 F7 N: C
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws: D; i- g& m5 {( ?
197. Work-on without collaboration1 K# e& R' Q; G9 N9 J2 H" }9 I7 j5 w
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
