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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ q7 s, k3 Y2 {. y& o
Formal Statements
; y* a& @- d; C p% C- L9 O 1. Public Speeches" {5 p" g! E6 T8 L( L7 M
2. Letters of opposition or support3 D& ?- {& g- J7 q& [: z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- w( k3 }$ d( G$ [
4. Signed public statements
$ m/ A: S# z" U8 w; }. K 5. Declarations of indictment and intention0 E) |- _; G+ a! q, T2 r
6. Group or mass petitions
0 g i3 v5 [- `: `3 o* l I" ^4 X; Y! v2 c: s% o$ {3 h
Communications with a Wider Audience
$ n2 b- t& L, j# h/ T1 T T- F 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
. B* X5 X7 u7 T4 {3 z N6 c 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 N: p/ R5 g! v
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 b( g5 |+ E) V6 m+ n
10. Newspapers and journals4 e0 q- H% n8 F1 M6 M
11. Records, radio, and television
! i R9 d1 p6 q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting. z$ N( ? @0 _' S1 e8 L0 d
3 c6 {7 R& m9 ^3 N
Group Representations
- H" F3 @2 a, N5 c. p9 [ 13. Deputations
! J: d! y7 L i2 [# N } 14. Mock awards( j: Z6 W( y5 I! U% n' D |
15. Group lobbying
! G7 I# X0 D( ?% } 16. Picketing
" D- h% X3 m4 a" p" ]) e 17. Mock elections3 `" e& m) r1 Q
. k3 W9 u) q0 [8 K6 wSymbolic Public Acts
4 `$ O, j5 q/ V 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors* @1 K/ K2 f8 n- `
19. Wearing of symbols1 c) z. v- m; A5 U, P/ U& A
20. Prayer and worship4 X2 a0 L' P2 R# f. ], [
21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 e# E5 D7 Z# h" O9 p( d 22. Protest disrobings- W+ S$ h+ R: A/ I
23. Destruction of own property1 H( K' R. y: ~9 H) @
24. Symbolic lights
4 y/ K& D) V$ S9 p: l 25. Displays of portraits
, t F( Y: a/ U" v! R! n/ t 26. Paint as protest; o# @7 n E" A' B3 m" j
27. New signs and names
, B; i0 H5 p* [& C; p8 H 28. Symbolic sounds
/ [, m7 R0 _6 O' j0 r+ }% Q 29. Symbolic reclamations2 Z% B9 j) S" `& f( I
30. Rude gestures
3 T, c; |, n- J/ o6 _% `/ x
2 W* @9 h% v# `/ iPressures on Individuals
) I+ ?. o: f" r! ]% S/ o5 Y" [! N5 Q 31. “Haunting” officials
" x) p3 t+ c! t; c6 v$ `# ] 32. Taunting officials
1 M+ b' x: _+ s Q 33. Fraternization
4 T( m4 K% k9 n; D 34. Vigils4 O7 y& F- Q% N! k5 L
Q4 \; I) s% jDrama and Music* o+ n: v( R5 D
35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ ~8 q' N# U) x1 E- @: Q: F J* I 36. Performances of plays and music
1 \$ ?) Z( y: ?6 Y- ^ 37. Singing
0 |. |6 d/ I. F( B2 D6 Q1 `. ]" Z, \& }/ M( j2 ~
Processions
4 J6 T/ t: k3 S: x: ]2 f 38. Marches# [* C3 X' ]/ d5 B( @" a1 J; S {
39. Parades& S+ x- u( \+ r, `' ^" f& v6 u+ J
40. Religious processions
0 \7 O a& b/ N, R 41. Pilgrimages4 L+ q' @/ | Y- A% ~* V/ B O
42. Motorcades5 w2 G' q8 P( u- x- u: B
- y1 j, J! c7 J9 |+ {; e! I( nHonoring the Dead
. V/ ]# v/ c; h) ^; A' y 43. Political mourning
; d! ?, K4 W/ l0 W- M( i$ `) u 44. Mock funerals! X6 V- `% t% A' E- O
45. Demonstrative funerals
) k2 X0 z& Y! w 46. Homage at burial places
+ H, b* @2 j6 @8 [3 [9 s8 D
1 c+ @0 G8 b- E# jPublic Assemblies3 C. R6 u0 K' t3 G/ y
47. Assemblies of protest or support$ _8 O1 ~. g) X6 Q/ {- t" `
48. Protest meetings/ r* D! E, W8 l6 I) j% M
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% e8 U' i9 a6 E9 K 50. Teach-ins
6 U2 M2 W. k! ? R" v& i% T
3 ]7 C! M$ b8 M, W; |Withdrawal and Renunciation; S. z8 ?5 {6 t( O/ |
51. Walk-outs9 g1 K( e* D' I1 Y
52. Silence
) T7 Q2 x% O6 h+ o+ Y0 ?) D. S 53. Renouncing honors
" }& q# h% Y! b+ w, t6 v 54. Turning one’s back/ W/ o4 R ]: ~+ e
7 ~" v0 P6 W; e8 N' E7 s5 M& v
5 X& {( ]0 C& d/ O" |6 v- y+ t1 c$ v0 n# T0 r- O/ K {* }
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 M5 V- B% ?+ _/ A
6 M. K) p1 Z1 r3 \5 E
* u3 e; K# b/ G1 K0 @+ `8 Q" m2 D$ m- f2 l$ Z+ o: X
Ostracism of Persons
3 p3 N& R; V/ F4 Q1 w5 N 55. Social boycott1 v3 P% m4 e$ J% C+ h, F
56. Selective social boycott
$ S# h+ E' A, a* t. k% \ l 57. Lysistratic nonaction
* o( |* B4 I% ~$ m: o4 f' G 58. Excommunication8 R1 H- ?% g8 L
59. Interdict: D" r9 `% z" N: }: G, R* Y3 q9 y$ q, u
+ n' n: p" H |! v w5 m
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" ~4 z! P- A, U0 A8 ?9 v9 h) Q* H 60. Suspension of social and sports activities# }% @& w- d8 H/ v/ Y+ A/ j- N- u
61. Boycott of social affairs
9 k" D( e) V4 n; n) |) z 62. Student strike0 f! d+ Q' X4 H/ J
63. Social disobedience
# x5 e: R i8 q& m( J 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 V4 N' B! F( T5 b6 @& J
, w, ~* s4 P" Z f) u5 h; eWithdrawal from the Social System4 b; |" V' O3 x
65. Stay-at-home
3 \3 n' L6 H' I% Z- ^ 66. Total personal noncooperation+ [1 B9 [ j! o( {! u
67. “Flight” of workers
! M6 A; g( K) w, f' l3 f: ^ 68. Sanctuary- E9 _7 P! W6 t) X
69. Collective disappearance
/ K# E5 T0 J# I5 ~- M, |+ W) _8 ~. p 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 x, [& K3 f4 j% n
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! |+ f' V" s' ?
2 g( h7 l. B- X+ \. G7 D5 G- y4 T
$ h& E n( q5 p9 w) RActions by Consumers# J7 O# I( `4 ~7 b2 A% B% o) I* D
71. Consumers’ boycott! _# Q5 i4 U1 H; I# j& e" J
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods U. V( a+ E% V
73. Policy of austerity6 k, M+ }: C" Y
74. Rent withholding: Q! E Z" f e% N2 a* R1 }! E. C8 s
75. Refusal to rent
! N% V" x2 B' c" V' g/ K% T 76. National consumers’ boycott# o* l* I' r9 V- ~, d0 Y7 E
77. International consumers’ boycott" a$ i. Z% e G3 Z" N! J H# M
" ~ f3 t* x+ Y1 ^8 z2 _
Action by Workers and Producers
$ F" q2 V/ M' m) ^# p 78. Workmen’s boycott+ a" y& D" ~* X7 m( |. `
79. Producers’ boycott1 m2 r' D1 g& c% z' x7 H T
& s8 f1 }% C) T" R1 \Action by Middlemen
2 w. G7 c6 @- j# o; g R 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
`2 e/ t7 t: J8 S9 M* B3 v! c
( t9 Y" Y0 f B7 \! d6 j0 xAction by Owners and Management
4 H" _) l. ]0 Y* I( q 81. Traders’ boycott* P5 H" O7 f# I
82. Refusal to let or sell property
O4 i+ O/ L" e. e! r Z- t h2 | 83. Lockout
) |% f5 `, p( y' h( I! }% |7 C8 }1 W 84. Refusal of industrial assistance- i# f' }) p3 ~; T+ [+ h
85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 c7 X7 K1 U8 I5 t
) W% I g4 ]. ]+ MAction by Holders of Financial Resources6 a, r, s# D$ m4 S+ o7 v# j7 c, V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) C) }* ^' k% I3 A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% |, d! r" U" ?4 q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; i1 R: Z D) O# U, E 89. Severance of funds and credit
# V' r9 F7 \# e9 Z5 N; M 90. Revenue refusal7 ^. I6 w& Z' ^, U
91. Refusal of a government’s money
* t Z0 G) {# R; u, P3 e, Z& g! z6 f3 D* P' ?2 [
Action by Governments& ?+ D& x8 Q% D" K/ C
92. Domestic embargo
3 J) g- \2 A2 e& I R9 J 93. Blacklisting of traders
' E1 U2 q4 ^" o8 ~$ s7 E% Z 94. International sellers’ embargo4 j. R' X% X+ b) u% C g
95. International buyers’ embargo
! h- E7 E6 I' J& x 96. International trade embargo/ B$ W* h, z( g% d
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+ n8 | F9 l6 x, t2 VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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( b, w7 z- c: t& @/ h. GSymbolic Strikes
& ~1 I0 M8 k- r5 K3 R# g$ M 97. Protest strike% U* J' q7 |0 m9 U: @
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 M' o3 ~. w$ i; {) {% B; Z) h
! }( {6 {3 f! l6 s( e0 ]3 }, }
Agricultural Strikes
( J' L. Q4 R" _! G 99. Peasant strike
3 Z" E8 D6 C, l7 |8 v 100. Farm Workers’ strike" g) ]+ U. V. I: G
( D: v b. f$ \# vStrikes by Special Groups
& J& ~; S7 a0 S7 t+ N/ e+ w 101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ O" A. [4 C% f$ I$ i2 X% e 102. Prisoners’ strike0 `: b- u2 l0 U3 c: t+ i
103. Craft strike. P8 u* a4 j5 Z i
104. Professional strike5 l; ^7 ^3 [& H# K/ U$ ~9 t
$ j+ }$ h: } }- u4 uOrdinary Industrial Strikes. j5 P- P. [( v4 s# X; w
105. Establishment strike
* l$ x9 `. q5 [: b9 D 106. Industry strike
B2 T2 e1 U) I4 a/ X! F3 E# z3 E 107. Sympathetic strike1 Q" L3 S- q/ }* \
5 J# z4 i4 p9 s, f; R" G1 bRestricted Strikes
: o0 B9 h& U" L7 Z* P. o9 Y 108. Detailed strike. Q% F% j* H( G$ I1 v8 M$ E
109. Bumper strike
6 I5 B% ^/ ]6 a 110. Slowdown strike
! r8 @3 A2 b" h 111. Working-to-rule strike
! u/ A+ M- Z; r+ l' Q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) P& z, M0 R, _ 113. Strike by resignation
3 Q; E7 d! Z' V1 I- D& D. l, l. S 114. Limited strike
( _7 T' j: K1 O' S 115. Selective strike+ }- s& a1 C# l1 d
8 T& W) \6 o" q8 x7 F- f) G; lMulti-Industry Strikes
4 q2 m$ p* U3 p/ n/ F: { R9 l4 i% B. H
* ?* R4 X) J! V" @3 ]4 j& ] 116. Generalized strike
1 A+ z$ v$ q0 g' T5 w- Z3 c5 C, c, P) |: E9 s, [
117. General strike; @6 T0 {: @% P W( Z) w- O( H+ u
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures1 y% B3 {" y1 i u
& ~' C T+ Q9 O8 ]5 E
118. Hartal) A$ D" m. r. J& X
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119. Economic shutdown
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. B5 Y- M. k* @/ L$ }1 mTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority7 P3 p: D: [$ T
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) ~; p- T5 [. b( t7 L6 E
121. Refusal of public support
^9 G9 F7 _% b) ^- M- t 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 ^- d4 ~' k/ K; X" R
2 U6 t9 U; z( r$ X) S
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government" v" H* X1 S( `2 v% c3 z/ r
123. Boycott of legislative bodies' ?( Q( Q" m3 e# [ i) F5 V( E
124. Boycott of elections3 {* c, C" Y2 u3 c
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! Q, ^- K% s1 Z, s+ J) E3 q 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 p- K& L; n e" d: @0 P
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 R4 K- u4 z# I. b2 a) v
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
B ], [8 h, c0 I7 I0 Y7 j: p 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
8 \& A6 ^# \+ N* u2 B" X/ u 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
?" I$ p7 h; l3 `, t+ ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ _/ S) a) y P
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
: o( H* p" h- n- s) y) Q. [# c& X: l) L5 D& S) N; k+ {$ |0 V& H
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' m* g6 T' l4 \1 t$ |
133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 P% j. f' e* E+ n P
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* u0 f9 O3 d$ P7 a: W) S 135. Popular nonobedience
# a% q. [7 q$ c; {7 J: s 136. Disguised disobedience
' p4 ~& V* \# V# o2 r/ C" e 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 @( o2 E7 y2 S& `% i; \
138. Sitdown
) ?) g' x/ q$ V3 R) |7 w4 r 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 p1 \: @/ Z9 U' g" h 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, T: @& ~8 P& D- w, J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: Z# w; @4 S7 W, Y N
" Y5 T: A) e0 v& c% FAction by Government Personnel
4 O6 k9 T- r; b2 [0 }! m 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ s, ?) o0 c) e6 E9 J4 v) l
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
J |" p( S2 t" Q+ R8 p 144. Stalling and obstruction
# B$ D/ I: s. U. { 145. General administrative noncooperation
# B B' S' w0 m0 v" I& x" h6 W3 [; S) G' ?. }' b4 u
146. Judicial noncooperation% t. f$ ?6 S( f* \
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( Z. i, [+ L% |' `$ t 148. Mutiny
5 I- N/ V+ A6 E/ |2 Q, V+ ^& t2 LDomestic Governmental Action+ @8 ~; U6 V8 ^% l
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, v) n9 K* V2 N. [2 {# O 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 Z; v; M5 F$ @- z/ v C) o
3 C( G2 z% u: e2 nInternational Governmental Action! {6 J' A$ p+ `
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
3 b& i7 K9 R+ E9 K' I9 U8 P 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 t/ `, F1 }7 ?1 o) n9 \+ k" d4 i3 W 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 z: M: M8 ? N$ Q2 ~" w 154. Severance of diplomatic relations, R* N( T8 ~ `1 }
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! G, R9 S: q! H' V7 Z0 {; c$ ^2 \2 K$ e 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies5 L4 Y$ ~5 d% b! O; w0 G8 t
157. Expulsion from international organizations5 r- b1 s& l1 {. ~& [
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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( Q, c% G3 Z" J2 |Psychological Intervention7 } Z; p9 E, J8 M1 a2 u
158. Self-exposure to the elements# Q+ J4 e' S% l, W
159. The fast
, ]# T7 f) d" j& D" f+ V$ N/ } a) Fast of moral pressure
, B T! ?$ g( c* M# c5 \ b) Hunger strike
* k: V! d4 _+ y) Y c) Satyagrahic fast' @6 o- C9 g' D' e1 u- e: K3 Z
160. Reverse trial# }# N T' V! n" p$ R" ~
161. Nonviolent harassment
0 i4 K. |" Y3 h9 D0 Q2 d& Y# g$ ]8 v% X( Y+ K
Physical Intervention
8 z' x& z7 C1 J6 t5 ~5 _) ? 162. Sit-in1 R" [0 s0 {- t
163. Stand-in d4 g& D" ?6 }$ Y) t" d
164. Ride-in
& Y6 i: C d$ J3 r# m- F p7 v 165. Wade-in( u2 Z% s# o6 \, d! m4 ]
166. Mill-in6 W9 m8 }8 S; T0 @
167. Pray-in
1 w5 v u( t- r* k. i 168. Nonviolent raids1 g) h& ^2 E0 v% ^0 e
169. Nonviolent air raids6 ~; u2 I3 S) |1 Z
170. Nonviolent invasion
. s! s6 j6 c, D2 G 171. Nonviolent interjection
+ n2 B4 ?. K* P' S: n ?2 _ 172. Nonviolent obstruction! n" z4 d8 J- }" I4 j) B2 c, s
173. Nonviolent occupation
0 U% {5 C' |9 w) c2 C5 b+ w$ ]
) G. W' T" z2 SSocial Intervention6 ?! ]5 w6 U: R* G
174. Establishing new social patterns, O8 }# ~. P7 u
175. Overloading of facilities
/ X0 p3 R0 m P/ f, A 176. Stall-in
9 ]6 X: `6 G+ b: k9 m 177. Speak-in
2 W% G$ J2 K1 g+ y 178. Guerrilla theater Z; }3 q k/ i: _$ Q$ `: E
179. Alternative social institutions7 O; P) s# T4 s/ q& D4 C
180. Alternative communication system
, d1 q4 K: ?+ ~1 m% Y. W
) U4 }$ z A% q! d3 }3 `1 oEconomic Intervention0 w, I/ a& N7 B$ v& G% {9 y
181. Reverse strike0 |+ ^' U% X3 p' H7 ]+ G, t
182. Stay-in strike
# [3 f7 l! ]* T5 Y 183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 d6 F# \1 X% \, [. [: G 184. Defiance of blockades" o6 W* |) A: P/ N/ N
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; m! j, b$ w2 y( g3 P
186. Preclusive purchasing
: b6 O, D0 j; j% ^$ p 187. Seizure of assets
, E9 }8 A+ m: r' P7 F4 n+ H 188. Dumping7 p0 z o7 ^: L- H( d
189. Selective patronage$ D. N2 y. | I& h! k- \& H8 W
190. Alternative markets9 W, }/ l, F0 n
191. Alternative transportation systems
( ]. B% a& h3 F# n 192. Alternative economic institutions
: X0 u0 x* ^ ~! O
( P/ X7 d4 C4 O& g1 o4 EPolitical Intervention- Y; {- W+ m! `8 g" s
193. Overloading of administrative systems# K. C+ k/ @8 N' u/ L
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 m4 O# m% ?" \
195. Seeking imprisonment- U7 O+ T4 ^9 ?& S* r6 t/ H
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 F! d( M* p$ {% w% z
197. Work-on without collaboration5 h T% m& x# j5 `3 C
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
