 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION7 d( B9 l7 D1 ^( {: D- k
Formal Statements
5 a! m) V$ o: }6 E9 S 1. Public Speeches
. Z8 |+ r" P1 f# w+ L8 v+ x c/ Y 2. Letters of opposition or support
. |$ }+ l$ l P9 K: _! @/ ]: }8 Z6 q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* }& w; s5 U3 B" j% D9 \ 4. Signed public statements
: Q5 x3 G! c! J. [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 u6 | T6 D" Z W+ U$ H" A
6. Group or mass petitions" z5 ~/ t" _& D! F. D4 K
$ {) [8 b% S3 O, H3 g9 A3 [
Communications with a Wider Audience
; T, ?' P1 j* a 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, }# y p" }2 ]+ |) e* d0 A$ Y8 p 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. ?! Y% Q% j* ^+ c* [" s2 L
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 J, M5 z5 \9 F; [7 L* W
10. Newspapers and journals$ p& N- X, B( V. b, t+ r
11. Records, radio, and television
' T; s: a, l" l" v" p$ A* M2 M# v 12. Skywriting and earthwriting3 b$ [- r. @0 L- P. M# e; a
* o6 l2 X7 [8 [8 W: O9 Z! I% J/ c
Group Representations
/ U8 i7 u" D% c 13. Deputations: f9 w! U4 }7 {* a5 |8 O3 K- }$ {& K
14. Mock awards2 O# g w0 J' m, w: P
15. Group lobbying& h8 U; y* w7 I: H) G. J$ H
16. Picketing
- B3 u+ v5 l4 r3 d ~, k; Y# [ 17. Mock elections
/ v' D2 Q+ `( z, {9 h% s/ }$ v; x+ F, A7 h8 F
Symbolic Public Acts! [0 {# M/ w8 E7 [
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
2 r6 S' G7 ^/ x0 O 19. Wearing of symbols
5 m: F8 v+ y; E7 z$ i, r1 d 20. Prayer and worship" Q8 [6 l( i$ |% U% C
21. Delivering symbolic objects1 k. L' k" E7 r- g: ~/ H; q1 ]! S4 [
22. Protest disrobings
5 L2 I t6 D5 v }0 d 23. Destruction of own property
6 K% A- d$ O2 X2 P2 \: G 24. Symbolic lights' Y! X3 u) t( Y4 }2 k
25. Displays of portraits$ v3 w; Q3 d0 L! y
26. Paint as protest
) ]) T" m" P0 s 27. New signs and names
! Y* k( {" K0 n, D 28. Symbolic sounds
1 B/ | f- i3 k2 P 29. Symbolic reclamations. U' ]# o) n1 X6 }
30. Rude gestures5 U) i5 k! i9 M/ @+ |
' A) j' s1 q* yPressures on Individuals
: b4 c! q* N# W* i/ R, O3 d4 z1 f 31. “Haunting” officials
$ J1 ]9 a V. D7 r 32. Taunting officials
8 d( A: A7 K- X8 l( k 33. Fraternization: y( G9 V5 S& [, r6 i' j" f( l
34. Vigils
1 Z8 B) O! H2 _" U8 g& ]0 P! [& A6 A, a: e% e. F* ?7 I* W% y' ~
Drama and Music+ ~9 q" q' r4 a8 O& D7 Z7 M6 C
35. Humorous skits and pranks
- Y2 Y6 N" O6 i: C5 _ 36. Performances of plays and music
9 Z z% W$ {' }7 j7 _8 Y 37. Singing
0 M* K) t: m; b3 k- \3 H& c0 y- R+ f
Processions
0 a) o9 k' d4 X& k4 p3 F8 { 38. Marches; P1 \* P5 w0 d" W l6 Y6 R
39. Parades' ~4 u! y& R$ h0 V5 [9 j
40. Religious processions/ M* o* t! w$ ~8 }& w
41. Pilgrimages/ D) T e& g" W: o/ j9 m Y# y# r
42. Motorcades
$ e3 R% Y, U6 }: b2 |5 b `; W: c" i
5 W$ W) ~+ ~' z; @Honoring the Dead `% {, J, w/ Q0 A) _! ~( L; _' p
43. Political mourning
7 B, o0 C7 X5 F2 K 44. Mock funerals+ g" z0 m `' c0 ^0 g
45. Demonstrative funerals
( M+ Z8 j4 R3 R+ X 46. Homage at burial places
" m1 v) n! B* j$ h; R5 `, V# y0 s5 n5 V
Public Assemblies
. T$ q. y0 I. V9 A 47. Assemblies of protest or support
! r5 ?/ A. F# e9 \0 w2 ^ 48. Protest meetings
1 l1 K+ d* m3 h O. h1 F$ W 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' ]4 [% l$ J1 E; \0 I7 y 50. Teach-ins! H0 K( z$ E1 y9 g% I: U/ [# h) {
* L, \: }! u& |
Withdrawal and Renunciation" J4 _! v+ M- t y$ F
51. Walk-outs, F5 O0 R7 l- F1 [: ]
52. Silence
7 n% i) q& M) p- E, ]* L( g 53. Renouncing honors3 S# D6 G+ |8 t5 a4 F
54. Turning one’s back
7 Q4 I! {! R0 q8 {( G- u$ V( W4 g% z! ? E3 R2 E
6 s# Y6 s) R; b: X. L1 r: ^: X
9 M" p% l+ M: g8 jTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION& Z4 w$ S6 H! O1 M8 Q
}. O, `6 V2 P2 a
9 j+ n0 I" g: m. |/ N/ Z, Y$ A, j
4 k5 E, o/ x2 R# f; u" NOstracism of Persons
6 Q4 H- x" ~! l% Z 55. Social boycott& u1 m- }# p: ?. x3 w" F
56. Selective social boycott
( U; l& p: Q# I! W X- _ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 E( u F/ x! e( ^; H& D1 j& a 58. Excommunication2 }& M R b0 S7 U' f3 f. ]' K
59. Interdict0 @& J' _, p2 i; o$ p- @% [/ ^
! `) t3 o+ I0 V. q2 M1 A# `
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions0 ~: e6 p: Z: o; O( l
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# p3 u3 A4 V5 _ 61. Boycott of social affairs3 Z9 U$ w$ V( \+ u( j+ ?" X
62. Student strike3 W3 Z ]2 E1 g7 k( ^
63. Social disobedience
! A0 D/ C, B+ S4 u* M 64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 o5 ~" s+ _/ f+ ?) d0 h' Q
' {" D2 O. L- f1 MWithdrawal from the Social System
- l) E# z! j0 T+ T5 ?' F 65. Stay-at-home: [1 g: z; S# m, T, U+ @
66. Total personal noncooperation
- j |( o) {8 @ 67. “Flight” of workers. f% B6 P3 a& q8 a$ a( V
68. Sanctuary
0 i+ L3 W/ |* H5 K* L" j" m 69. Collective disappearance4 p2 W" T6 l& _9 W) {& P; {; j& ]
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
+ A# S2 x& g' T+ q
2 x6 K! t- h7 q
+ o! W% r2 M" {8 n3 u$ D" J
( p( r. Y: Y" E0 JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS |! \; ~7 q3 O' g/ n+ Q
- h% a% R9 [3 d2 I0 x
: O7 ]/ l+ X: e+ F4 e. H8 R# aActions by Consumers
6 `: K( H3 v+ R \5 {. | 71. Consumers’ boycott
# @: x( q) z3 h9 ] 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ x+ a1 O2 C1 a! @! G+ [& L
73. Policy of austerity
( o- n0 |: J$ _* F 74. Rent withholding s1 S" v0 H; ^" z* ^; |0 M" }
75. Refusal to rent1 i9 g; {. \7 x) M, \
76. National consumers’ boycott
, K0 R6 O6 @5 C 77. International consumers’ boycott
6 @8 m) v0 A+ H1 p& {. C! b4 n! {9 o2 q w6 f4 A/ g+ _
Action by Workers and Producers. Y+ p8 _( F4 a- Z) \: z' t
78. Workmen’s boycott E. J, t* ]2 K- U2 N
79. Producers’ boycott2 N; _* m: |, v3 W
& }$ R3 v' F, L' |7 ^, d$ U- K, N/ P
Action by Middlemen" p/ D# J& J" U1 q: e6 J
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 m! D2 |3 O% x4 y4 j3 O+ X) ~
: R! f9 n# A. d; }Action by Owners and Management3 O1 y% o5 T5 F. v9 |( c V
81. Traders’ boycott
+ ]3 Z, ~% a& {$ ~$ O0 _- L 82. Refusal to let or sell property
% X# D2 \. M/ N( N- Y 83. Lockout4 u- ?0 W' S/ J4 X
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ K f" x: a1 I" | 85. Merchants’ “general strike”! [1 A) o* j% f& v6 @$ Q5 t. G: w
5 j/ v4 g9 G0 M8 ]. O$ `* m8 F
Action by Holders of Financial Resources7 {" ^, T: e1 k" d, h( ~! ^: C
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits& B. J9 t, A$ a; t; \' O
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 d2 d3 ?0 ]/ n- H! K! X0 p* R$ L$ W 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( L+ Q, r5 ~1 J 89. Severance of funds and credit9 ]( o+ e/ c" V7 X1 C K' _
90. Revenue refusal
0 R- P* d; n# Q! W 91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 P. F7 c& V6 a
4 _; p: J9 D( F7 K" \, b; Y) XAction by Governments
" {7 c* }; \ q9 z* @! ` 92. Domestic embargo
7 J$ i, H& u3 c* W4 I7 ^ 93. Blacklisting of traders5 |3 e5 V. ~$ F6 g/ ~
94. International sellers’ embargo
! I: b0 o4 k) \+ o, y 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 _; I% E, E. {; T% x3 ~9 E5 K' G7 M 96. International trade embargo! u, a6 W$ C: Q6 ~
1 i, W9 P4 r* Q' a
8 R6 ]2 l9 P. Q+ \% b; h8 L+ Y
: d7 }3 h! V' U
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 R- u$ _: g- Q8 c5 |2 C' S/ J6 e3 ~
1 U* K4 O: V$ W: b0 o/ \
Symbolic Strikes: L: ~+ F8 E+ I+ j; Q. C& y1 Z
97. Protest strike4 \. i$ @6 u' R8 D! B& ?
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
M, x! B G: i1 f: h9 o5 x* r8 `$ j
Agricultural Strikes/ x* [; [% ^2 K3 t0 H9 Z
99. Peasant strike- [! ~( Z1 S+ y1 N0 v% C/ |
100. Farm Workers’ strike9 M% i& Y5 A# r0 l a9 c1 \
( b5 s9 D" _* \- i/ PStrikes by Special Groups
! j' H6 D' }, u r( \ 101. Refusal of impressed labor; L8 s- Z5 A5 y+ U/ T, w, l: q
102. Prisoners’ strike
2 j: x9 y, _6 `' d, R. [0 D 103. Craft strike
* B- M5 g2 G; n9 Q7 o+ F 104. Professional strike. @- k' h1 L- B( `5 d7 k
$ L& W% P' l4 b
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
9 o3 Z! u8 q) C 105. Establishment strike
^- t* C$ B1 q; N( L8 [+ \2 p 106. Industry strike ]4 U6 ?0 ^" L% W) A9 R
107. Sympathetic strike4 Q) W7 }+ U* @! W
& D8 }4 j! P/ p/ p
Restricted Strikes
- [$ s8 g5 m& B 108. Detailed strike
) ?) u" L' k& Z3 ?$ d- g 109. Bumper strike
) x$ g! {; T5 y z/ g 110. Slowdown strike+ u" `4 L1 z* I7 r1 S: `5 U1 Y
111. Working-to-rule strike
$ c+ e& u4 P* I) R 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- X3 M8 Q, Y9 |, w$ i
113. Strike by resignation# |0 O/ d$ u4 m) A( `
114. Limited strike
9 C, X6 c8 y5 N) k 115. Selective strike& U. F* m4 F" x4 n ?
; _" t C) k) v, j0 YMulti-Industry Strikes6 r+ S0 V$ t, b2 \8 e( `
. c+ r: H$ V$ _1 g* }6 s4 f. o. t0 r 116. Generalized strike
- o! U' r# w% E }+ P' _$ s6 H& q& @% E5 I( z, H. w
117. General strike6 |2 h% P2 Y. x! n
' n: Z* b. x9 n' i oCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
4 l, p4 \6 W. R: E; M! y- t
; I# U. c) ^/ H) x 118. Hartal9 I- ?6 H& z. j2 U+ ~
) C+ }+ g. H+ j m2 y 119. Economic shutdown
* V: P0 T) a$ `9 B
! T. ?, O, b0 l* a/ [
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4 b% n9 |" ?% A a& aTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% M, o1 w! x6 M2 g: j* X
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7 ~5 |+ ]$ G- n5 f" K, @Rejection of Authority0 w# y+ L& H8 q; J+ Z9 y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 r! l3 `' X* R" S3 a
121. Refusal of public support7 I) L" v( F5 u. X) T
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! ?- M* }0 j2 Z& z7 e- h4 X
6 k1 W" C/ ~+ ^% Y; p
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! v. U. c+ h! } H8 G* N
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
. A9 G, _4 f$ b# i+ k: [% {: k2 i+ n 124. Boycott of elections
, C( u9 s! x6 Z) v/ @ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions, ]* e- P8 u0 z1 V- R; f
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) {* V# G/ f( \9 B" t; O 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! A6 h5 m* ~% \4 R( x U$ y 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
! [& s6 F# x- R& w- b 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 M' q! S% O3 Q0 [' _ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ m- |2 [' [- r, e U8 K
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials! J3 l( \. w5 m, @# l, Y
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# i( U5 }$ m" N3 m4 K4 b- L& |6 O$ ? R p1 E" X
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
8 O0 Z7 }) r. U 133. Reluctant and slow compliance. H6 {8 y y. K3 j
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 j3 ]0 H# }% _! O% _1 c
135. Popular nonobedience
$ f3 y: [6 o; j" O3 t; Z 136. Disguised disobedience, @0 H$ d* S4 a) b! k" R
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' x* N4 P, B7 `/ u# z4 g, L
138. Sitdown
+ h I0 e2 k9 c+ k5 @- A) u& { 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# C% r0 b/ z0 D3 ]3 R4 W: }3 r 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 A/ F w" z4 {: {7 G 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 p% w j3 c# J E8 V ]. O
! q& X/ M$ R$ [9 L% q
Action by Government Personnel% `0 E& M) ?- e: o9 N7 f2 U
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' G: e& R; Y) W$ X3 Y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 S0 [% ?; n* N* F( z" p' q
144. Stalling and obstruction1 \, I; I* N7 [! }' H7 t
145. General administrative noncooperation
9 }" N, j, O8 O
, a- w3 Q$ V, {4 g1 o 146. Judicial noncooperation5 S% Z/ j! k3 t& r s
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
/ M1 k4 K. n1 j 148. Mutiny" D8 ~6 [, ?7 V, R4 `
Domestic Governmental Action
- P8 k2 v7 F" U% x& [- D8 i 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' i2 B( l! _$ @- N 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 q% ?' G' _* k, O# ]
. u+ e( N! Q5 A7 L) ]International Governmental Action; C0 ~6 M( G; p2 v6 s& A! ^# C
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, R* j* L0 |' n% }/ O' U3 d 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. ~/ g' |3 u( D& x4 P; i 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" z: p( l, O4 H
154. Severance of diplomatic relations& y( a, t+ x+ @" m
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ |. y" R1 \* L# ^: s# F 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies1 b9 k9 d# Y2 A# m; ?/ {
157. Expulsion from international organizations
0 U& r3 y9 Q+ v0 h6 n) M6 g5 y- y$ ~. Q8 w8 v
5 W3 Q% U: V. O" E) E5 M# \
, V, a f/ F5 e4 L, DTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 ~/ u9 |7 U# e1 v: H3 _- ?- @' g
8 O" a# x8 H5 C: ~$ r; a9 R
- I) C/ h' s8 ^6 P& D* o3 \9 HPsychological Intervention
0 V; v" t* B! l/ l# ]" j 158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 }- T* j# P/ [) W' k( Z/ `5 d 159. The fast
% E! n0 e/ v. U7 ]! ^ a) Fast of moral pressure
! w( w# \: [: `6 T/ |: A b) Hunger strike: R4 N0 \% u' W, i
c) Satyagrahic fast. F m i, e* y! k" B) q& x
160. Reverse trial
7 I6 R _- X* r N/ z6 E7 h 161. Nonviolent harassment4 M2 y1 e. V" i0 |- c Z; W
* a6 b# [* n; ^5 b. p# r3 g
Physical Intervention
/ t7 ^' G+ I; |6 y" o% W 162. Sit-in
! u# h5 b: D# U' }9 h1 I$ T" \ 163. Stand-in6 K, ]/ T+ A" v& k5 E: p% [ w
164. Ride-in
8 P& u. {- \, v1 s 165. Wade-in N7 r$ X0 ^+ F) J
166. Mill-in
$ m. ^6 {: w* t$ B3 n" t7 L0 Y4 D 167. Pray-in
: y& s. u: _( \ 168. Nonviolent raids8 f6 ^9 {# m% b; H% P; i
169. Nonviolent air raids8 g' r0 r; @3 V, b6 i
170. Nonviolent invasion
! W: h2 A7 G! ~ S 171. Nonviolent interjection
! [2 G* S& V! d7 v 172. Nonviolent obstruction1 ]: ^. T4 \% T* t! h
173. Nonviolent occupation
5 g) l) u- B5 w5 p6 q+ e& y
) ?, p' c0 G$ N+ U0 g% QSocial Intervention/ Y) a. m7 N7 t& @. S* y% c
174. Establishing new social patterns+ c! b% a& B9 h) f9 x& O
175. Overloading of facilities
/ w$ e( s) q$ ?3 W! z: c 176. Stall-in( O; k2 ?: Q/ z. F( Y4 O% i3 c
177. Speak-in
7 @. A& x! G0 c3 f0 x# ? 178. Guerrilla theater
0 R5 V }# Y( P5 c 179. Alternative social institutions
8 j8 e' M2 h6 P* M6 p 180. Alternative communication system& a. `" p X& R: Z
6 ]8 Z- A6 w6 X" b1 E! U$ t4 M
Economic Intervention! F$ Z' N& G c+ a$ z0 X
181. Reverse strike8 S# `. d& n! \* \% o% U6 U
182. Stay-in strike
, e3 O' H% E$ J6 S 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' d3 c0 d4 j0 f6 c0 a+ z 184. Defiance of blockades
- o9 a$ y1 @/ p% r 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: ?" L$ |% ?# i4 R N7 ? 186. Preclusive purchasing) s9 s5 |: [4 A0 I) h. }7 G
187. Seizure of assets% L4 @' l5 S5 I/ U f+ U z* b
188. Dumping. {! M/ W. D) ?1 a. v6 o! q
189. Selective patronage& ?! { e. q/ p, F) w$ E9 _
190. Alternative markets9 Q7 g( H" N; x* C
191. Alternative transportation systems
$ Z* w0 h* D8 ^$ ~3 s. z. f$ c n 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 C) i' l8 _" [; r' k6 O
4 Y2 K6 [) X: m! rPolitical Intervention
( J- a+ C% z7 q) O* ]5 t4 k* V 193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 W0 R7 U7 r4 W! {( m5 L5 F2 q/ | 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ i$ h3 D) U+ T$ y
195. Seeking imprisonment8 [( _2 H5 W# d. B& m' ~& e0 @. G
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" R+ @' [% W) F: I2 Y9 P+ x
197. Work-on without collaboration
/ k* A! c: e, u& A0 [ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government o7 R% I& {. r" B
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
