 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: S. N4 j5 I% J
Formal Statements5 @) D& @% k( b' S
1. Public Speeches
" a) }/ _( q/ q" k4 w* { 2. Letters of opposition or support5 \1 C7 `- l! S. k6 x8 e
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" W, {: j( q& O' p( o' g 4. Signed public statements
+ a+ W) \9 y# b2 \ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 J4 L P, q) u
6. Group or mass petitions0 M/ U: R6 w3 ~1 D" p7 o
6 n& T3 G `& s+ [0 c8 ~Communications with a Wider Audience5 Z2 a+ L) l& @2 Z4 y. b
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols! K) d7 C0 _5 Z' W# ~+ X
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, o7 F" D \- L2 o
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# o1 ]% `8 V5 \1 T
10. Newspapers and journals( n1 u5 S) t9 u2 ]( k: R
11. Records, radio, and television
+ T! }3 |8 G! q' V+ B- N" o 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! M' z' N; {* ^ }4 G6 |! w# k+ ^4 W& u0 H0 N
Group Representations
4 F, s: m% i. R8 Q$ f 13. Deputations9 Q0 u8 c0 V) z) m; n6 A
14. Mock awards
. A" `# E: U0 w$ m* Y 15. Group lobbying
# F% f7 S# G* w, b1 C8 y5 q 16. Picketing7 d' T3 G" z7 M. ?/ z# \ m
17. Mock elections- E3 ], x" k0 B
# x: a0 u# Y8 R0 @! ESymbolic Public Acts
' m$ _! H6 D+ m) d 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. F0 A" `& {) D0 Q6 r( O {
19. Wearing of symbols
4 K0 o4 q9 P _3 n7 Z' [6 p( p) k 20. Prayer and worship' l. e! S; o+ S/ @' b
21. Delivering symbolic objects0 h! |" A; R3 n! C3 o
22. Protest disrobings
' d' \; n5 O7 M( C/ h3 _ 23. Destruction of own property- n# ~+ C' r$ P, P. f) l
24. Symbolic lights9 c# B5 @) C6 m( I( q+ i
25. Displays of portraits
( V+ @9 k: J0 r- z: ]# V( }& H1 p 26. Paint as protest5 i4 }4 h; U: W4 C! V
27. New signs and names
) H# Y% t! Y* K9 j2 D7 W7 ^ 28. Symbolic sounds: n3 O, U$ r& O: k3 w
29. Symbolic reclamations: |# h0 B6 O1 i: w
30. Rude gestures6 f1 I0 M! h; ?
% A2 D# w/ {0 _6 r9 @) v# G
Pressures on Individuals' ]7 a' E8 g& Y* z1 T; W
31. “Haunting” officials1 D; g j1 ]3 { x
32. Taunting officials
1 M- o9 G2 q4 j& O4 _3 G 33. Fraternization
7 Z/ E( y' l/ i' p9 F7 z% o 34. Vigils
) x! g/ m- e$ S: }7 n4 U y# C+ ]8 ~$ t' H+ x) `: z1 E7 P! i8 k+ [4 W
Drama and Music
6 I1 [/ X! J8 k 35. Humorous skits and pranks5 ]: V8 ~ V. n' m( C4 }
36. Performances of plays and music8 A) {, v1 X0 e' |) [3 H! S5 _. j
37. Singing
" Y! j8 i3 k4 A$ F
" t* i' M" Z s5 I fProcessions5 l3 c0 i/ Z+ O5 {9 f8 X/ n- \
38. Marches
/ r d0 [9 r) D 39. Parades6 y" C( U9 C, b) F# S! {8 ~
40. Religious processions
6 K/ T% d I# @ 41. Pilgrimages- a2 a; r* }9 C9 j! a
42. Motorcades5 i7 m6 L% Q) p q' _/ a
5 w" G# c* a& }) \7 v- z. Y7 RHonoring the Dead
l7 b0 F. E M/ D' l" N5 G 43. Political mourning4 f; |% x' l: y6 ~! N: k# s% |
44. Mock funerals
" w: v. t3 N: Q* R 45. Demonstrative funerals
4 C2 s& j+ P$ j( W/ H0 ? 46. Homage at burial places
: E7 F! y( l$ P/ g6 ] Y& E5 J2 T
* G, i7 B# {5 q/ y: C- oPublic Assemblies2 d1 c6 J& Z4 K0 m. ?
47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ Q5 y& s7 i7 f6 B 48. Protest meetings
& P# s6 F1 O% {3 a! K- x- ?' q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 \4 v" Q+ h5 v5 n* i 50. Teach-ins2 l z2 }* X1 X4 y+ v1 f3 L& t1 [
7 _0 e2 U( k' q1 D" k% FWithdrawal and Renunciation
. v2 ^& m4 ]( ]1 a! ~, q8 W: W$ }. T7 i 51. Walk-outs
! |/ n6 d/ o* y; X 52. Silence
9 h/ Y6 w$ n; p( e 53. Renouncing honors
* j. f( y) n3 w" W6 Z2 g) W 54. Turning one’s back
6 A9 F4 j4 v i( \! p9 Z% R
0 Q: a9 n G! d6 ~/ O2 D * R, F, t" M% G7 V1 e, B# h# Z' t
% H3 J. X, E, l! WTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION; L7 ~6 {9 |5 e1 M8 H; j' o# _
; ~; m4 b; b3 c$ c7 @2 g
( g- }+ h3 `4 p- c+ e# Q1 K
6 \6 \, A6 {2 l5 z9 h5 z! xOstracism of Persons, H4 x: K: H! i4 M
55. Social boycott" p e! b! S: @/ g+ V) h& M
56. Selective social boycott
! S) D8 }3 ^ U; b$ O 57. Lysistratic nonaction& ]; L4 `) ?; V, `! P
58. Excommunication
2 W3 R) ~, @9 K# ~* d" @4 b6 \! W 59. Interdict \& ~0 f. |+ X2 P& f. Z
1 d8 X5 |8 G O
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; N5 C8 o# L- z6 n8 h+ g 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; [) E. \! l; e+ a; B+ m
61. Boycott of social affairs' K5 B. g( p+ L8 J$ \7 }5 H% T
62. Student strike/ ~$ g2 h+ e' Z( g
63. Social disobedience& w2 X8 j* L( _8 ^9 n
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
4 s1 a6 T" q/ h. g9 }2 K u- @, ]* Z6 A+ B0 U; i
Withdrawal from the Social System3 k* H- n3 p" K, P" a+ D
65. Stay-at-home) E, [' w7 k- x/ C
66. Total personal noncooperation
( x1 V7 ~) u3 c5 W 67. “Flight” of workers- o: f3 {$ w2 U. {/ b/ v% T' G& w
68. Sanctuary
4 a# G5 P; U. S8 k1 B* u5 K 69. Collective disappearance
4 I$ A$ S b* V 70. Protest emigration (hijrat) \" |+ K8 |% ?
, ~/ N* P8 \8 ]6 z6 `- s
/ u2 o4 l4 S# q+ h: E% m! ]
7 h7 v8 w% @% g7 cTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS$ }# `6 p' u! }( b7 p$ `
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Actions by Consumers" O" h U' h, d- z" \
71. Consumers’ boycott2 [+ V! r* @# O% p7 S% c) ~
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods ~- ]" w/ k/ r% f5 \( ?9 O# o
73. Policy of austerity
( b3 ~' w5 G& u- V" S 74. Rent withholding
' H! i. z5 G7 E f. F$ L 75. Refusal to rent
. c/ j5 w" G+ c) R. m. ~ 76. National consumers’ boycott
1 ?* n: w! o% T7 Z4 O 77. International consumers’ boycott
% O2 J& i2 J5 k
! R2 P5 R3 U& p- }Action by Workers and Producers; h7 H; R( w8 H* \
78. Workmen’s boycott& X2 r- ]' Z% r6 z/ g& P
79. Producers’ boycott1 J3 }7 k! _# S- P0 ?, G4 s
/ V$ i2 g* _" g! Y, `* E, ~Action by Middlemen
6 x( Y& u& F( Z2 V) s$ T 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 K: G; E% ^$ o k7 [+ e6 R f- b) k" i
Action by Owners and Management
- _! R2 \: ]0 o. N6 A 81. Traders’ boycott
) q8 _# t% }: `5 F8 }9 F5 R5 r 82. Refusal to let or sell property
) G3 Y: U" [1 l# l. o1 Z 83. Lockout
3 }0 C4 _: r/ s9 t v2 g" E9 G 84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 U4 n6 X% j H7 e& r9 }( l
85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 j7 z% K0 h" q. T6 i1 F* S
1 g3 y7 _" S1 x. Y2 I( fAction by Holders of Financial Resources7 Y4 M) k' G: L
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
5 D2 H. |7 ?2 y7 |$ g; T 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ _4 s7 @7 S! U8 ?8 C 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, \# @* d, e2 `- y# t. ^( P
89. Severance of funds and credit9 [6 J) E% @) E/ @
90. Revenue refusal+ c L# N1 I, f% R, |$ A+ ~
91. Refusal of a government’s money
% C$ z, f9 ]3 A0 ?1 N5 @) _1 G ~+ g- K8 I
Action by Governments
* D0 }$ i9 I. p 92. Domestic embargo, h, u8 z" D$ X& O' }
93. Blacklisting of traders
5 W% k$ N: @/ H: y6 J- d5 O5 K 94. International sellers’ embargo6 m4 [- Q1 F; [, o& t& O/ S% _% N& ?
95. International buyers’ embargo" r4 q7 P6 ?( F4 G) i6 ~9 _* ~
96. International trade embargo4 F2 H: W9 G- @# r4 `; j* e7 k
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4 X( L1 I7 v$ v" {( S, r+ u! \6 o! A/ r
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; Q1 s, l* s" x4 b! O. {
5 Y) k4 B0 F) m3 G, s
) D: q1 {1 z1 O5 x3 c O' q* CSymbolic Strikes# x$ @1 y3 K3 M2 c" g
97. Protest strike5 E2 H* r/ \3 S; v& K
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; d& Y& ~3 J& K3 M5 J" f7 r* @, a0 l* V; J) U+ g! p
Agricultural Strikes
" c, Y. ?/ y2 m: Q) l 99. Peasant strike, ~' Q" I& f" ~( H% X* C
100. Farm Workers’ strike
: \8 q$ z2 n/ \
) C: ]: R% ], U3 u( g! o7 TStrikes by Special Groups
* i M2 m, t- X& Y 101. Refusal of impressed labor
" f: O( o2 W; n2 z 102. Prisoners’ strike
! i0 Q) m* F: O: N* [/ l1 s 103. Craft strike
/ }" v- U3 K- A 104. Professional strike1 L( M1 R7 k) }
8 ^- X, Z1 W2 R7 \" h% D% XOrdinary Industrial Strikes
7 W ^+ z6 L# D4 I) p8 _" p3 ] 105. Establishment strike
) D( T d- c; A 106. Industry strike! f8 o& s3 e e" {; Q4 F
107. Sympathetic strike
- @ y1 L O) Q3 ]9 v+ J7 J2 K* A& O6 Y
Restricted Strikes
7 Y8 n# D( ~0 C4 b) v/ [* u 108. Detailed strike0 I/ C$ _, P5 r
109. Bumper strike
% S5 c T" u+ d 110. Slowdown strike) j+ P# r3 l9 M
111. Working-to-rule strike
% d+ {$ D1 `+ D- |: s 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), M0 r7 w7 C& c2 r! z
113. Strike by resignation
# |- w( i$ X! A2 R! c* e 114. Limited strike
( N# B. D/ b H: H- @% c& w 115. Selective strike7 P" q1 G! n0 ^6 h7 @8 W9 I# g/ z7 Y
8 ~# c) G* R7 W. h0 EMulti-Industry Strikes
- r4 D0 j! v2 Y# z$ I/ `0 ] { ~, o* J
116. Generalized strike% e& D- D& d8 F) d8 E" H8 `$ P
7 N: M5 J. I5 b* _2 a) H8 G l8 E
117. General strike; O% g* q& q. \4 `" g6 p
6 i% S+ Z4 ?) s
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures% A. ~+ K$ ~- A
+ F1 x9 E, U; ] p( E4 U' ?
118. Hartal+ Y( i9 d+ F' p! h/ \, } l9 w% q. x
2 K" e, N1 m; G" J! f ^) c, Z3 b 119. Economic shutdown1 ^- H# s V% K8 h" j& O5 \
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j: A( m! Y) Y& _% P* G% A, h; h1 m. T8 J F+ P$ f/ `4 |
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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; W# b! q v1 [+ {$ b% s: qRejection of Authority/ k' x \, y3 R7 [( v
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! d1 j+ s3 H9 N8 p3 N 121. Refusal of public support
0 F% h4 Y1 F) P; }2 ?9 t6 _2 F 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 I9 h7 s* ~; f1 @+ A( b: Y @
# C1 y! A* i, z* D4 nCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government' W# p! `9 T& ^& p
123. Boycott of legislative bodies2 C: n8 i+ H* F* ?9 w/ d- C& K
124. Boycott of elections
: {% ~8 ^5 e8 m! n 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% v; j. h/ F" }5 g 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 |6 y1 Z/ _- E2 S
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% _! I. `1 x- _$ _( F
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( n9 D) s5 g$ F) r
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, W- ^2 g# @7 ^5 j
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! V$ t- w. ]/ e8 A+ f' J
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& v- a8 G: r9 f# o5 X+ f 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 N, o. U, p$ l& _$ T
# K& ?" j* E: [Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% `$ f$ }& |; N8 `5 f# k. O4 \ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 j* R/ P; r3 f( q6 C$ K& l8 ~
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision$ y0 d% G: o* R" B& Q
135. Popular nonobedience; S# f( D" J7 @ G
136. Disguised disobedience
; \+ N9 X: K4 i/ T$ O) z' F3 ~' L. d 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( S+ E( K: y2 H1 F$ E
138. Sitdown4 ^: a) V" V& I3 w
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 ~; q D0 o0 x- M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 G. n, k2 r7 q! b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% \% L! ^2 Q c9 Y; u, [
" k+ i5 n# P0 {( r1 X
Action by Government Personnel
5 A$ Q; t' B8 P; y% h! r+ Q! Y5 N; S% X. i5 [ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! \: g/ W `& E. h1 z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& N4 L s) o/ S4 b: L 144. Stalling and obstruction
- s) y; S4 O W- w: H9 ] 145. General administrative noncooperation
7 q( S8 k1 s. O1 O( C' z: ~) t. |: U) |
146. Judicial noncooperation
' ]: d0 ~3 g4 x3 H; N+ A5 A& D. n 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 {" B9 q. K/ a) A) S* G/ i* D; I, x 148. Mutiny& T4 c7 m6 R5 Y! L% @
Domestic Governmental Action
" X6 {2 O; ~2 T2 r 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 s4 {- B8 r4 U 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 m- e# z. j& m/ J7 n4 E9 k! t& c( t& F1 z$ [1 q
International Governmental Action7 f" {& T' r( l0 @& s0 J' E( F
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations, H: i# ?% G* e6 w0 N, @6 X
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events2 R9 Y! w# W7 }0 W0 Q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( V2 A* m3 Y: M8 _" g/ S8 u
154. Severance of diplomatic relations# N& e$ ]3 m1 b) O, n- H4 J
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
8 V/ ?3 P5 y/ U4 L% i5 z& M& b 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies+ s' s. t: c, F# X
157. Expulsion from international organizations
8 @; a3 ]+ r3 Z( Q. h6 J1 N* f, s2 t- I1 h
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# n, U% c8 J' p% B" k8 q' TTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
7 V+ T- {) n3 }, E( _. S1 E& e' ~" l% ^, \. A0 V$ S
; B3 L: d8 Y j( R3 u- _Psychological Intervention
. @2 y3 G7 C, A- l) ^ 158. Self-exposure to the elements$ B( e. `7 g5 H' d6 N! x- j: T$ H
159. The fast7 \7 y4 ~" r- r6 G3 D$ [
a) Fast of moral pressure8 X$ z- Y; q3 Y! S" L; X" z% x
b) Hunger strike/ \: w" t- q. }. m" q' P( |5 v
c) Satyagrahic fast
5 F; V: B+ d" `/ j% m 160. Reverse trial: J+ l& s$ c3 v* [8 `$ p1 K
161. Nonviolent harassment
9 \1 k) _* m: a$ w$ U# m( u8 F# ~: J% s: H
Physical Intervention7 G4 r' i4 S) q; X/ f# b
162. Sit-in$ r$ R L. P$ D$ Z- `& b# c
163. Stand-in
% z; P8 b! M* Q, w* H 164. Ride-in
7 n) u% V, {8 r3 J 165. Wade-in: r8 O+ x# Q" U% A9 Z) T
166. Mill-in ~- j5 @3 N2 z& F
167. Pray-in
" E+ ], B* e% s0 ~9 S" u) P! d$ z0 o 168. Nonviolent raids' |. S# G) Y4 ~! u: s3 K3 d
169. Nonviolent air raids
6 q- Z5 Y4 {5 [) B 170. Nonviolent invasion0 p* X0 U6 |" R, z" k( Q9 A) \
171. Nonviolent interjection
, t5 s2 y5 F/ w/ ?! \6 Z 172. Nonviolent obstruction/ f2 a, {( F: X! h/ i
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention, {- _' B5 U3 i$ l6 B5 x/ i
174. Establishing new social patterns
5 R0 h* }- g' t* } 175. Overloading of facilities3 t# q1 e: e' | y
176. Stall-in& ]" s$ p' v& S E8 r8 N% p5 ?
177. Speak-in
9 l6 G/ K6 _( N5 f1 w1 o 178. Guerrilla theater
# o: V5 Y7 x' r& {4 D M 179. Alternative social institutions
2 E6 U; d* V* X; H K$ y, a. X 180. Alternative communication system
/ f9 A0 u! e2 ?6 F) H' B& j$ O! N
Economic Intervention% z' W: I2 N0 g2 n3 ~
181. Reverse strike V8 y% b) w" b. v4 J
182. Stay-in strike- ?9 A- c# l! D) B s8 n
183. Nonviolent land seizure
; \- r$ g$ |3 p$ w 184. Defiance of blockades
' L. P) E; z) [. s5 v5 J& n$ J' x ]2 k 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
. C" o& c$ r* E! Q3 ^ 186. Preclusive purchasing
6 M8 d9 q$ u! v6 h 187. Seizure of assets
) y' O) ^% o$ B- [' l, p1 Y- w7 e 188. Dumping+ V# o' u! W' h0 L
189. Selective patronage* X% s" g6 g8 g/ R3 _3 X# y! l
190. Alternative markets
, G/ X7 ]; a: X# M 191. Alternative transportation systems. P& E, r' Y4 N, N! S
192. Alternative economic institutions, q5 A. y0 y6 p8 o
p1 A! ~2 S w n9 o
Political Intervention
+ q% t6 }% A, }) N Y0 ? 193. Overloading of administrative systems
2 v/ D0 |' V; ] 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! @! H6 a' G- i/ ?* U 195. Seeking imprisonment
. B2 U4 n0 C3 k+ W- h5 N 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
! |8 r+ V# o5 C/ X. _ 197. Work-on without collaboration
A. c# a D3 I1 b 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 k4 R+ r3 {/ C! P2 h
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
