 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ [1 N2 @1 F E5 u( ^. Q; ?Formal Statements( Y) {, o7 S% r4 l3 Y3 S) }
1. Public Speeches
* Q: M: z, s- @7 N" V/ L) h$ R. X6 y 2. Letters of opposition or support2 q! W$ Y; A6 U$ {& r. M1 M* l
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
, e, U: b' I* `) C9 l0 [' e 4. Signed public statements+ S" f4 X; ]2 @+ L
5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 F$ s# V! T" j) }2 s$ w
6. Group or mass petitions0 X9 k. b" c. A& F- G
Y! ^2 v' _ x( z. e6 }
Communications with a Wider Audience2 a+ Q3 v W3 q3 d. y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 p+ [6 E) R, W' F- p; ^
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 ^3 p4 W! @1 H4 ?, A2 x) B* k6 p' l
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, l$ c% ?+ O; @& [9 @' X b/ \
10. Newspapers and journals5 Q, ]9 b7 f, v' g' y. Z
11. Records, radio, and television
7 R+ Q+ h6 b2 z i3 W5 W0 m y 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
' ^1 K6 z" T# t3 w- g9 b
- Z, U0 n/ J5 ZGroup Representations
# Z1 h' G$ y9 e( V 13. Deputations
; o* B2 \* E% W# }& w 14. Mock awards) t/ A/ ?1 t( A( }6 J: Q
15. Group lobbying
, y# p1 {7 p5 B 16. Picketing% u% D" M! U2 f) n1 D( ]' _- ~
17. Mock elections
& \0 w0 V1 H' E4 i2 P8 e2 `- P: \, _' F4 }4 U1 P
Symbolic Public Acts" d/ H B6 e6 ~
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 X& G& j8 L) n' R3 E: }8 s 19. Wearing of symbols$ e* ^4 L) t( |2 q% \0 B
20. Prayer and worship! p/ T1 N: o: B; y# g) R
21. Delivering symbolic objects' d7 E. k- [3 s m, \4 u0 ~
22. Protest disrobings6 r4 A4 b& T. @3 B6 f2 A8 b
23. Destruction of own property
2 y+ ? Y2 [" V# e' [# X 24. Symbolic lights8 b6 i, q2 W6 b) U
25. Displays of portraits
; O. f3 V" j' o5 o8 }) ~ 26. Paint as protest! y) o$ P9 T1 Y, ?
27. New signs and names$ j" E# r+ e0 m5 y, q) L4 X# ]: K
28. Symbolic sounds
2 V0 y9 O& o3 Q9 N; ] 29. Symbolic reclamations; b% z2 b+ T3 E% W2 h
30. Rude gestures9 f2 w9 a# s4 |9 i! E' s; v9 y* X
" y. w% H- b0 q* Y, VPressures on Individuals
5 B$ h. X" t9 [3 N# x5 A' w 31. “Haunting” officials
, \1 i7 B$ ?$ b% W: M, p: [ 32. Taunting officials
4 R' {$ Q1 F2 R, o 33. Fraternization. V) ^9 w2 D, X0 K% q& G
34. Vigils
2 v% ~0 o4 V+ h6 z( l+ ?; Z, ]6 c4 t8 W" w& N# V0 u2 b7 r
Drama and Music
7 e8 r/ l# u5 M/ x3 O, n2 \ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
* B/ ]& W0 [3 a" y+ C 36. Performances of plays and music. e' ^) i9 A2 c( U1 C$ z0 E
37. Singing+ C- l6 r' r& B1 ~
, K, R/ m& U; Q( w( E9 u5 r
Processions
, \1 D( P& R }( y) @7 y% T3 g( P 38. Marches
8 O3 ~; ?0 l9 v 39. Parades" o$ a. B- O6 L
40. Religious processions2 k, ~% L* m# O3 z
41. Pilgrimages
' l' o6 Q! ~5 X* o! X! | 42. Motorcades
% p# P: ~7 |4 h7 E1 Z0 ^6 h7 y# }# c# r8 q$ c
Honoring the Dead
. U5 G- G: V4 j8 x( F1 { 43. Political mourning7 ], h. o0 ~% m6 j2 ?2 B% M3 w2 M
44. Mock funerals
K* n% l/ z' H( n7 w/ W 45. Demonstrative funerals' I( H! C; p9 i3 R. L: G; U
46. Homage at burial places
6 K$ b" F- H3 [2 D% m5 F
/ m$ [6 X4 \2 d6 U" IPublic Assemblies
+ O2 C* z( s5 J2 W5 g+ ]$ R 47. Assemblies of protest or support
^* H8 k3 Q; X# p. T9 b9 u8 w0 x! [) X% f 48. Protest meetings! Q# U5 T4 Q- E# `1 m7 \/ A
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' Z/ c& C$ l/ C/ K8 p4 ~5 C 50. Teach-ins
8 h4 V' u b& ]* i3 i
0 _. y5 }" p5 \Withdrawal and Renunciation
0 H5 Y% ~; A6 |; \, P+ B 51. Walk-outs
) g/ t t! ]+ j$ [1 e 52. Silence! Y# c# O: z7 a! a* U7 m* ]
53. Renouncing honors" V' w+ T+ c& T6 t) M. J( e
54. Turning one’s back
) |3 F0 [- V6 V0 R' ?$ r3 H/ X% b" j
/ }1 A# E+ j* q# Y
. j3 G; s1 o& X* t6 _ WTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION5 q' K) m) U- Q" C& J) Q
0 t& w' g, J0 n7 c2 I
% b% Y. I2 G# r6 B2 I
' ?$ `( p7 B' R: a3 x) E7 \Ostracism of Persons
( C" w- N$ K/ \: h0 |+ o) Y 55. Social boycott$ t3 A+ h8 t% q6 y8 @
56. Selective social boycott. ?+ M7 n) N' `4 [+ C {6 J0 U
57. Lysistratic nonaction
' ~2 X l7 P' t- Q6 p" t' L6 ~ 58. Excommunication: R. f$ Z& P' U) h
59. Interdict9 o. l [$ [3 x [( z
; k, x; n8 l* h; `. _% LNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: n" n' S7 O0 k: W. u% p) f6 @
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 I3 D2 O2 o X6 a: y% \' V; e 61. Boycott of social affairs
; t! E# O" T% l0 E" ~& B 62. Student strike; l. ~5 x' W; Z- O+ j$ [
63. Social disobedience
4 g" Y: } z% S 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 Q. W5 F; H S% ^" R3 d$ ]; f4 R% [$ J1 d( H6 s4 a
Withdrawal from the Social System
5 r! n9 i6 k# f4 P! L: l 65. Stay-at-home
6 g3 V4 P( }7 y+ c; c& x. J5 x 66. Total personal noncooperation
U4 {8 S' {4 v, @ 67. “Flight” of workers" \& N2 s# r' u, W
68. Sanctuary! X1 p: l" M) j3 i5 M7 o' z: H
69. Collective disappearance d6 w5 p M2 `6 q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 S( t$ O+ R1 P @
+ i( w% h1 A4 X1 j+ J2 w3 _1 o& l
_, W4 h, I$ h5 _4 G/ Z6 D
: S4 ]( j. ]6 P. |7 y S1 K$ k& YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 P' C' z7 _6 z" Y) C; L# v
. u, T" U% M0 d3 c
9 T4 U, @4 }3 @5 W, J" IActions by Consumers1 V& ^3 C* v9 M8 X+ o% g
71. Consumers’ boycott+ |& D6 I2 ?5 r% H9 v
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 _- f# ]1 h7 f 73. Policy of austerity
' b! Z% }# h% V: [. X. e 74. Rent withholding' |1 h5 x- V: I3 S T2 L
75. Refusal to rent0 F% n. O/ \& v6 t8 } `* {
76. National consumers’ boycott$ C: o" R' d1 {1 j" d/ v6 s
77. International consumers’ boycott; s' \% Z: y r
# p. H/ i( A2 W* J' ^0 hAction by Workers and Producers
# p! d# v: [0 f/ j) u5 y* H$ X& f 78. Workmen’s boycott
" ^0 N; Q: h& k- p! k 79. Producers’ boycott8 t) C0 O U) H/ F; g4 G) x; i
0 E7 [7 O( u6 [4 OAction by Middlemen3 s7 }& }! t7 m$ S2 n! f! O
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 h" o0 P* c( p; B' H$ O9 K9 [1 Q+ _
}. d2 {; t* Y7 _7 T9 ^, I! HAction by Owners and Management0 R- X) n. J7 U
81. Traders’ boycott
0 r: a1 _7 [6 C. a% N9 F0 ~# b Z5 X 82. Refusal to let or sell property
# x: k8 _6 P# x' N% l5 ?6 D 83. Lockout
^! F6 @: y& m% L$ p* W4 [8 O8 k 84. Refusal of industrial assistance( }" {: W; `* a" P
85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ f Y6 |0 w* Q. I
2 `; U6 M! T0 q6 _ f6 m
Action by Holders of Financial Resources' R- b( I. f3 _! p4 ^& `( @
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, o& U( M; g) d! H& `0 }& ^
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
, U4 G; e8 L$ b; @. v 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, }' m' ]6 E4 R5 k 89. Severance of funds and credit7 u& E; l& j0 d# ~1 `
90. Revenue refusal$ R6 e9 a: C7 P |# e
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
* H4 c* E7 N5 O1 u! a4 y1 C% T 92. Domestic embargo
3 c) c X. e6 s8 n 93. Blacklisting of traders
: Z; x* W e, `2 \) o, P: H* r 94. International sellers’ embargo- C- V }1 a/ u) A
95. International buyers’ embargo d8 D7 f7 C' w3 y( s5 ~
96. International trade embargo3 B. T0 F: N) t) ^2 j
4 V0 p6 T* u! s' a# n) Y6 C
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 X( K- f: O3 E2 u, B, J
& ~2 p! G6 N( E% B; `, t: D " n# s0 I4 r; j' b7 F, j; S
Symbolic Strikes& r+ l# o1 s4 ]: [' u( n
97. Protest strike
0 A# _; a' V# O8 g5 f7 c 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ u1 |0 a, R' T- m, X
1 a$ h g+ u" RAgricultural Strikes
7 o+ Z( L+ v5 ~* j v$ x/ v1 A1 V 99. Peasant strike; Z7 j2 u2 ?& Y8 f2 h$ s, K
100. Farm Workers’ strike0 e% e+ }. m1 J. @
$ T5 p4 k. q. b; U+ v0 |+ |Strikes by Special Groups/ X" t9 P0 ?9 A1 t: m
101. Refusal of impressed labor: [/ h- e- H: }+ h3 y3 _5 w! V& B& X
102. Prisoners’ strike
1 C( s0 {# P9 W4 m) c/ F6 o! \ 103. Craft strike* b( \4 A$ z0 X. @& `! l5 z2 Q0 W
104. Professional strike* I4 A- ?8 {) H4 c9 D4 H9 U
% P! W! @' R3 M4 T: m/ `
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
. {1 ^. ^0 S5 |, Q7 C; M7 Y# ? 105. Establishment strike
5 d5 p8 X/ p" q v& [ 106. Industry strike. A% G/ W: x+ t# ^
107. Sympathetic strike
4 n8 X0 x3 v5 P& E& i) N8 x
2 P( {) O3 S; k6 H/ B) a- _. LRestricted Strikes* S" ?- [! F! F) [) a4 S+ E
108. Detailed strike
9 n m( g0 ^* A8 {& |" H 109. Bumper strike7 {: h! I B, `0 |
110. Slowdown strike
- U! O9 P0 D: x 111. Working-to-rule strike
1 ^: ~6 M: B6 I, M; U 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ A4 R5 X5 Y5 S( D 113. Strike by resignation
( h- Z2 y% X4 E* T% E- I6 S 114. Limited strike, N1 R% h. U& f; K9 c" f
115. Selective strike
2 v- B2 ]5 F+ b* g! l( c/ R2 s: W9 u" ~ A6 o# Z3 Q* r
Multi-Industry Strikes9 x2 H/ k# A( c g: u% P! J
$ S6 N0 L% R/ w+ B& _" }4 _
116. Generalized strike: h8 k6 R7 `7 A9 j9 N
% A% \% F& F& \( i- a# V3 r9 X9 A
117. General strike
9 q1 J6 x3 }" _& ], Q. N2 ? _: A* m- W2 M. A0 y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 a+ `# B- i8 \2 ^. a& n1 J% Y0 r8 D0 M# X+ b' ?- c1 N: ~8 I$ S2 w
118. Hartal/ \ T- y8 Q$ i3 {
, |# S$ ?) m3 ?2 S5 z: H
119. Economic shutdown! N8 A" B* O8 O! t, @+ D2 [
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) p3 L" q I" y' C) xTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! w/ j5 W2 L0 ]
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0 m0 N9 V, m$ a I g) q$ [Rejection of Authority* [- Z. m* ]4 a, d
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance4 T# W J5 Y5 _: U* V, \, @* y# T
121. Refusal of public support8 P6 V/ ?7 M4 i( }3 D( R$ J
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 m, G; G7 X# d4 F. K! c
$ `% p) N" |/ K8 c) Z Y6 ACitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
% Z" {2 i6 a. n. O; y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" W/ H5 J7 Z! ]4 [/ y [
124. Boycott of elections
4 f% k4 @# \2 _! Y: e 125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 h" T5 l4 o3 X9 U
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. i. }! d( v* E1 o% w5 E2 l9 O 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
/ b: \4 S& n9 }9 i0 B 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' F+ N$ {7 x7 ]) M! ]7 ^# c
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 \1 q' f3 p- }" W: Y1 n, y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 ^3 l, G1 ^$ Q( _7 p! ? 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. f$ p1 \* ~% B 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- s5 g. K# g& w2 |& D1 Z% C" Q4 ^
; e3 y9 \. t' L9 O4 T) R, D2 ACitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" S$ h; B* {0 e* z4 {" C5 ?# k 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
+ l; S; b% y7 d: F% L 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision7 j# Z$ g% b" E O6 T* ~; M' P/ ?
135. Popular nonobedience w# ?$ f: C& g: c
136. Disguised disobedience! i5 T4 F. O- d& B& |
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse6 e! K7 m6 L) `
138. Sitdown+ ^) T( c: F' h
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ J L+ `3 c1 B& y, ^- d 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ c" z8 r* ~; Q5 Y: [0 b- P( d
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ O8 F" f1 D5 p9 Z1 |5 A% y3 C
# k* @" \) h) T7 ^+ B# `: @Action by Government Personnel
: G& D" o( _) w2 B# ?# {( ]5 Q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( H8 t( f4 s, ]4 K! y 143. Blocking of lines of command and information c+ C, L% [' Z- y$ P
144. Stalling and obstruction
% c. I$ A7 a' Z, S @- G& J7 S 145. General administrative noncooperation
9 n3 H m$ @4 U3 I
: I% F$ @* \& b ~) n5 e 146. Judicial noncooperation
! w8 x, ~/ O3 ^4 ^& q# b4 E. B 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
6 ^% ~! |, k4 b1 I j9 D& M% w 148. Mutiny* w# |* p+ A" J
Domestic Governmental Action
( y) j F; ~! j* ~! i7 x: } 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: A p( D8 v* ]8 C0 M 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
; I; ?/ j& N4 M; O K
P4 _ e! t6 F' P4 A2 b1 @" ^International Governmental Action
1 J! b3 ~- L* U2 H4 u5 V 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
4 ^: d: a7 N3 A6 b- E 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 k* X$ G, S: h& M0 B1 a+ \
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
, n L* P! @3 X 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
( ?0 C) x' c: K+ M 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- d; ?5 L5 e- G2 O 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 H- H' j1 H, H& r2 e1 u2 G+ r" u 157. Expulsion from international organizations; n D2 ]" Y4 a: N
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" B/ S% A2 N& P; K3 a+ a
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION) Y% G% N0 T0 I4 d0 A
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( v2 Z4 S7 |: x8 rPsychological Intervention+ C$ ^8 H7 C3 o2 l
158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 P7 M( z8 E+ [6 y 159. The fast
, O" t0 ? ~+ e0 h# t a) Fast of moral pressure- @9 E; {8 h0 o' q1 d0 t0 {5 }
b) Hunger strike* s; p) C0 Q" _2 E% ?
c) Satyagrahic fast
% N% u, w( {7 W* { 160. Reverse trial
1 ]+ c$ J) m1 _ 161. Nonviolent harassment
8 }7 ?3 i6 C0 m2 w
+ G$ M1 x$ q1 `- `3 y5 m# h, ~Physical Intervention
( d$ m* `) M/ q- K4 ]7 q 162. Sit-in
- }7 Q/ @7 B/ |( I3 Q0 F1 Y 163. Stand-in
K w- L: s: n4 e6 b 164. Ride-in5 x' W7 s3 k) W) J, W9 Y! d
165. Wade-in6 [9 u; _- j8 ]: n0 I) X- g1 [
166. Mill-in. G* p0 g0 I7 L& T
167. Pray-in/ p0 ]8 [1 y0 g# E" ^; d* Q
168. Nonviolent raids# n' O, G! q4 @( P
169. Nonviolent air raids' s2 j. Y+ ?+ _2 c2 F6 C
170. Nonviolent invasion. G9 t3 ]% [% `$ x: L# o4 }, W6 d7 i: K
171. Nonviolent interjection
/ G( b" n H; y% L. ?. B! O 172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 A; k& v8 R; w 173. Nonviolent occupation* f/ {$ I8 v1 n( q- L1 U( h
2 `) a- l) y5 u* u4 d$ m, \
Social Intervention* d O2 M8 G! K9 `0 ~/ _
174. Establishing new social patterns
- J5 R- H& T" Q7 r* X% o {: Z 175. Overloading of facilities2 h# s2 ]% b8 f0 t. |$ u
176. Stall-in
9 Z7 T. U' Y$ X- h0 R4 S. D 177. Speak-in
; @, y% A, w) I* ^( q 178. Guerrilla theater3 @3 t- C( U" Q7 x) r, A
179. Alternative social institutions
+ W1 V5 l7 m& f5 @/ M+ h 180. Alternative communication system* O( z/ j8 b' B. i, g
# E7 z% j7 }% v% w7 i* yEconomic Intervention
: z3 c1 o3 q/ H' I 181. Reverse strike
/ b, B i6 j# P' y# C 182. Stay-in strike
1 T7 p8 ~# n, F b B# k1 s 183. Nonviolent land seizure
% K) P0 R/ b5 L t/ k; K 184. Defiance of blockades
. L! U4 \9 x5 K3 `% A 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 ]8 M9 L2 ]- L5 g2 P: Q
186. Preclusive purchasing% Z3 A+ Z$ b) A$ J
187. Seizure of assets
9 L E) q6 |5 z+ w: k0 F 188. Dumping+ J/ `7 V8 b. C" k% G0 K# `
189. Selective patronage7 }; U8 H! @1 I" @4 E8 y8 j
190. Alternative markets
' ~* t1 `% \3 k$ V9 ?: j 191. Alternative transportation systems' b' r3 C" `* |; ^
192. Alternative economic institutions2 l0 g" H# m% m' z5 b
0 u9 S" [$ q7 r- }" @
Political Intervention
3 C, ?. N7 C4 \7 D9 T, Q 193. Overloading of administrative systems# ^* f& Y. @9 F+ }, ~
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents: S7 W. |9 U: T% j
195. Seeking imprisonment
: K6 c; L3 X. U; H* o( d& L4 Z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# m4 ~, I$ G- p
197. Work-on without collaboration
0 n; X ?2 d. p/ y1 J" ~ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% P# o6 w: l* \( w
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
