 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
q) s8 j3 F* j) ^0 {) ]Formal Statements5 l6 |' }- ]4 H3 N2 L3 U
1. Public Speeches
; p( _) w$ C3 m$ Z | 2. Letters of opposition or support. g' k. _' u& z% i. w. s0 V6 y5 d
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions1 q- n" B7 b. J+ a5 R# Y' U
4. Signed public statements. k" I3 }2 l& w$ B! g. y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 L! D; f1 d: A/ {( U4 ? 6. Group or mass petitions: Q* ?/ U8 x$ R1 X+ d
, A4 R8 z5 M, v6 D3 S+ e! SCommunications with a Wider Audience
+ c4 A1 I2 K" i* e6 T5 j8 Q- P 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
0 m2 s' {' L; o 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. O& S; t4 q2 h8 q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ \! F, J2 e) o, l3 W* h 10. Newspapers and journals% r6 D% E b- }
11. Records, radio, and television
, Y3 q! Y3 q) p9 J; U 12. Skywriting and earthwriting* }$ f( s1 @, f" X
! o' Y' l' z8 i
Group Representations+ A; R& H# o% y! j+ q( n! W7 Q: L
13. Deputations# R! | p% Z. z$ Q6 Z
14. Mock awards
5 f4 `; i+ x- P" I/ @3 J; O* { 15. Group lobbying
% R4 w+ m% |) n9 ]1 R 16. Picketing
9 t; E- D. `3 C! } 17. Mock elections( Z3 O2 I3 o E" T X7 H
+ T. L/ y7 z# U4 C2 u
Symbolic Public Acts
4 ?+ X, a1 V1 e$ L% h; N8 Y! k3 W) o 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ E3 a- z: S4 u ~) w/ W$ |2 z
19. Wearing of symbols7 p9 b2 k7 F( r. M0 b E
20. Prayer and worship2 V9 l6 q2 h2 N, {9 ?
21. Delivering symbolic objects
* m" {. f& f/ z# @. z" d( ` 22. Protest disrobings
! b7 o3 q' T, K: p9 j 23. Destruction of own property
|* n0 D2 E; S- B: E 24. Symbolic lights
, ?8 F/ b. M' ^4 O+ D8 \ u$ v 25. Displays of portraits
7 C- D! K; x& ]' W) z9 T 26. Paint as protest
+ [: ^# K) [# M9 F% p) ]# b+ y0 C 27. New signs and names
; ^, U6 B: i7 E! X 28. Symbolic sounds2 D6 m# ~ f C
29. Symbolic reclamations* n6 ]9 G9 z/ e
30. Rude gestures/ L$ m r3 N/ ]7 {( B: {
! a8 H7 z. p9 C5 ~2 ?
Pressures on Individuals* s7 l {* ]5 O) f# q* E
31. “Haunting” officials% C6 P& |( B1 g/ F* M1 ?2 J: u5 J
32. Taunting officials1 I& r s S, t# k. E, f4 L
33. Fraternization& ?& E K9 o& y. F% a- O
34. Vigils1 b4 [, U' k4 ?+ f! K6 B
2 y0 N8 G/ @: L/ |+ K
Drama and Music4 E% `4 h. v) H; y& l
35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 ^( J z- B2 O2 i 36. Performances of plays and music6 e1 h N- s' q8 h
37. Singing. r. R5 ?! f* W0 A8 b/ @
* Y( E/ o- N" S/ i' u$ {' eProcessions. `: s" I$ v' d/ e4 V- L
38. Marches! Q% }0 S& s; H( o9 f9 E" C
39. Parades: I) Y% a \+ E- }; I0 J
40. Religious processions; e9 |* n: b" O: r$ ?2 H& p
41. Pilgrimages* T% A# }: a9 p! n$ A3 c
42. Motorcades
9 _# Y9 ?& M( _8 q! g4 Y% d- n) S) o* u$ P
Honoring the Dead. w( e* o' T: |# g2 w
43. Political mourning2 \3 r$ B }6 h6 U# w( T k/ q
44. Mock funerals
" I$ v4 A4 R" `$ Z+ o. z 45. Demonstrative funerals
9 ^6 K& S% M$ ^ 46. Homage at burial places7 p7 a, l0 a3 Z
# q0 d3 P+ P& A: m0 Q% aPublic Assemblies
" ?8 h' Z. j) ], D 47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 T' c) R5 I5 f0 @1 m2 m5 @& w 48. Protest meetings! K+ q/ U- d* Z3 M2 ^1 l
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest4 U2 U! Y' ]% N6 ]: c
50. Teach-ins7 O3 b& F7 Z" F7 g1 B
6 C9 a& r* M/ P: YWithdrawal and Renunciation- l4 i* B# A$ ~% n
51. Walk-outs
; J* r* F) A. T5 g# } 52. Silence
6 t- A) p- v- T& a4 e1 ~! \ 53. Renouncing honors
$ o6 ?8 y8 a3 B. i 54. Turning one’s back
4 b9 ~2 t4 y) A ~/ s0 B1 c& v6 |2 A. g1 y
2 F4 |9 Y/ E" H: H0 v8 O/ M
7 T. a- P7 l' rTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 e9 ?, M) {# I" V1 B$ c' L+ A5 R" A7 O. s; S- B1 e" O
1 Q; G9 g: b1 u1 u8 M
: N0 T7 ~8 q. o7 c4 m3 k# MOstracism of Persons* w# E! f1 y* v: v& \
55. Social boycott& f7 O" C% d I; Q+ [: [7 a! J
56. Selective social boycott
' W9 a8 i$ x. Q2 @' }; t. h 57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ f$ e# c$ O" D* D" e2 n 58. Excommunication
% l- j% \$ ^" Z8 w 59. Interdict1 o: }3 b( E( z# f5 h
. B' Q0 f. v o+ | y& n
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
K. ]; n4 Y. j) E P$ m. } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) H% W# x/ H/ Z) {) K 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 V. u8 {% [5 h 62. Student strike
1 t" R6 t% \2 ~8 h# U0 S. U" O 63. Social disobedience
- c* }% H# l" \ X' n 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
/ W$ F+ N A1 _: |% P1 r7 @. B P6 ^0 A$ p
Withdrawal from the Social System
. B2 a. }% x# ~% }4 ]% o" u* m 65. Stay-at-home
) v8 o. j: A/ Y! P) u$ W2 d7 v 66. Total personal noncooperation
: B1 e- b H0 @; D+ F/ ~( k7 { 67. “Flight” of workers1 ^0 C5 e! ~- V t
68. Sanctuary
& U' B% Y+ Z4 ]6 c 69. Collective disappearance, b9 X/ K; D6 ]+ }
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% e5 D- ?. d' n" C/ o5 `8 I- L. H/ O% Y' e$ O7 l. y' n8 J
5 |. g. C/ f7 |
/ D/ X. J; m" a6 L7 ~& F( @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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2 o B; d ?/ p% z- zActions by Consumers
0 ^1 @9 G( \3 \/ @ 71. Consumers’ boycott3 U4 D1 h+ V$ x6 ~+ L! |6 m1 s2 {
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods2 K; m- J- t1 V1 Z l. B: c( G9 K
73. Policy of austerity
z+ h: c! f# F 74. Rent withholding; j+ j6 E+ [1 _5 v1 `
75. Refusal to rent
) X$ E7 d( j9 H V; T% C: x 76. National consumers’ boycott2 V; \( @- y& h2 q G
77. International consumers’ boycott3 }6 n5 q: q7 j, v
4 o, i' h3 u) ?. Q# OAction by Workers and Producers M7 t. [" ~" q6 G3 e
78. Workmen’s boycott! x8 D" X0 Z' Y0 B$ }
79. Producers’ boycott
0 _) P" E, [# `* M e3 Y% R' i }- y9 d0 H( O
Action by Middlemen
) a0 H% e1 i/ P6 D8 ]" X9 | 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 P4 M& u* l& M% g8 _5 Y. X, K' U4 r' B
Action by Owners and Management
/ l9 R5 z7 ?7 I& O* N( ? 81. Traders’ boycott# | Y+ |! `+ `+ m9 g
82. Refusal to let or sell property
. E) |3 L) S1 | 83. Lockout
$ M- o7 `4 {* x* ~ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 m8 _; ?4 m9 @
85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 m# e' n% R% V* F# \! M& H
1 m6 c# L7 ]" N
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
& o: n3 j% `8 p% x) b 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, ~9 a" t* R' Y* c% u! r
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ ~: w. r- h1 E" s. A
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ C+ a( G9 m4 o) n% Y9 e3 b% ? 89. Severance of funds and credit
! `7 y0 X5 \" w: Q5 w 90. Revenue refusal6 i+ _. C" x% N6 }/ y) Z# a) E
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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9 }5 t0 Y# y6 H2 _% [( mAction by Governments
+ q; `* J3 j) x8 @2 M5 R 92. Domestic embargo
0 H8 u6 U1 N: w& H 93. Blacklisting of traders
: n0 j! L$ e0 m+ _, [1 v 94. International sellers’ embargo8 V8 ~8 @7 F( ~( C7 K/ m
95. International buyers’ embargo
7 }+ B; {+ t1 }; n9 T. s; ? 96. International trade embargo, }/ H5 h& z2 k
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* K9 W8 m3 K$ j% `, dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' ]) z0 p9 e, C4 s
& V/ b$ {0 n, z2 K* G2 f ) W5 f7 H7 M, Y# j! w; T
Symbolic Strikes
8 U* M! `$ U% g/ E- q& g 97. Protest strike& i. Y" K. ~+ l! h" h: X0 H/ q/ T
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 W* |, M7 A" i8 w* f. h. I
# l" s( i; Y* H7 g G+ yAgricultural Strikes" e- j2 f% Y. E! X0 f
99. Peasant strike
. ?$ L6 K7 ~9 b% c/ M 100. Farm Workers’ strike: V5 g: ^7 J! `, ?) @8 y
) _! \$ X* W* u3 \& z; J
Strikes by Special Groups
6 ^# I: i5 z2 e& o1 ]% y1 c; Q6 q( Z/ _! O 101. Refusal of impressed labor
. V' V5 q. {8 [& | K/ j 102. Prisoners’ strike
( T# W1 x' ?7 u# k$ Y1 Z/ f 103. Craft strike
1 | V* x; \2 c% c' T* } 104. Professional strike
. D8 r" P4 K- W! l! A" M
# B% X% v6 {; e5 w% F' _Ordinary Industrial Strikes
8 Q# N( s3 [& a; g 105. Establishment strike) Y! I0 |1 E/ W3 i. h( A
106. Industry strike
6 F0 Y2 s# e+ i. r$ M) ~$ _$ J 107. Sympathetic strike
- G, C- l6 C. M2 o8 e- J- E3 k5 D$ l, C
6 o8 L2 \; c0 t2 gRestricted Strikes3 f1 |( ^& m, l& k: ]# |: a
108. Detailed strike" X: S4 q+ C. A
109. Bumper strike
; I7 q' u. x' [ 110. Slowdown strike
. Y& I! p q* Q/ ?* M9 T* B 111. Working-to-rule strike
. | L0 w7 e9 n j 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): v }( a. d/ ~0 M' b1 u0 O6 m
113. Strike by resignation! T/ M4 V- l( d+ u' m. c/ {
114. Limited strike
& d2 I5 h- X! N" @ 115. Selective strike
3 z- f. _% V4 c$ S/ A3 z- p7 X3 g, o6 f
Multi-Industry Strikes
+ s* d/ o* a S
; Z& Y" I3 Y8 j* x! } 116. Generalized strike
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0 k& W; O. T. ~4 O' b) b+ f3 g 117. General strike: f5 ?0 e! V' M) c! y
2 T4 r! c* j, U- k4 q' j4 {/ [# @Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures- M( T* x3 s o8 u
8 l& k1 H: X a$ \4 Q% I 118. Hartal# V9 r2 p/ v% o: p
$ b! e& E j! [% e5 L" ?
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority0 ^! |! \; O4 k8 M
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance. W- k: A/ ?6 p+ ^* ?, @# t/ r( G
121. Refusal of public support8 b: k7 ? E5 W; b
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 L- q8 b. C- d! c( O$ k4 P# e9 W
+ s M$ X! o X* G1 i- A
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 C# ~3 h* m& z& T; R
123. Boycott of legislative bodies$ b; N+ ]2 g6 C1 x3 A2 l7 ~
124. Boycott of elections- w; Q5 F9 d, g8 y- X( f. j
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( F; M2 G- \1 }# R 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
& V. y, b) t/ I0 t+ F6 N9 ^ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions: }: A; ~+ o2 f/ i) S( D
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
0 b. y L" _9 k( {* q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% M" o2 h8 I7 r% \- ^0 C5 L 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: H5 l- W& c* R! Z' x: Q
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 Q7 X7 b: ~3 R: F7 N 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! j0 a1 t; o3 Z8 l# m$ L
" _$ m: h# r9 ^: e9 H" ^$ N( P, |" FCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- V/ [: y7 P _; f 133. Reluctant and slow compliance* t+ r' A. B4 Y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# Y8 _. `! a- o! k$ p( i4 F 135. Popular nonobedience f0 I7 Y* `* n4 i% K2 w# J8 }
136. Disguised disobedience8 H. X9 [$ N- ?; I0 ]
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' S8 T. K2 q9 ~ 138. Sitdown$ I7 Z* |3 ]; y* J% z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" _# J5 O4 d" O7 C+ a9 O) l
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* p' }+ K z- M4 S/ l; R8 t" a
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 d; w/ W. D* i1 k" W9 ~+ g$ G: i1 |$ ~& [8 _" ~
Action by Government Personnel
" g0 M3 Q/ n+ y4 Z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 z% Y: u0 l) F
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) M: H6 @) i& { 144. Stalling and obstruction1 j; {/ I; X8 e" p# y; t+ a
145. General administrative noncooperation' M7 a: A+ F" o% D" }6 n
5 b% n+ h2 I# G
146. Judicial noncooperation
. e% P% C8 ]( N& r/ t6 f5 ]& X 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 r: S# f. o* R# ]9 s& R, | 148. Mutiny
0 ]% i9 |. T8 [# T7 aDomestic Governmental Action' }2 s5 |/ `; k" P% A
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
; p: w1 L% U; n; ~+ ]! y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# r. J2 k. }$ S. y, U+ V3 K7 P
% g: |, v2 x% P+ C% ?; R
International Governmental Action( M- K+ D# y+ v: S) G
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' R ?' J1 l, b1 g1 i$ A
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( P; N6 N6 F1 g" j1 W 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 U% p. T7 z+ x, m. y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations! [7 Z8 n# _9 R2 S( j4 L
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 k) _4 _' F7 U. K* r h: e 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% d. t9 d! Q% i9 a' A
157. Expulsion from international organizations
# Q( U/ x6 G3 `$ I% }$ Y
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
* l {5 q$ Y, ?2 Q: q& s5 b5 ^. } `8 y
1 O3 D5 [) J0 g5 pPsychological Intervention
* a% m5 p& @6 T 158. Self-exposure to the elements1 R# y, A, B1 F
159. The fast3 ]& T& H7 f! ?, M. _
a) Fast of moral pressure& f8 g# \' s9 f* A+ o4 `& U% d
b) Hunger strike# `" A/ M: L: {- L2 M( n
c) Satyagrahic fast
3 }3 i8 b" M6 [6 H2 y2 X 160. Reverse trial: |0 q/ `9 Z3 P$ B' {, {+ a! O A9 L
161. Nonviolent harassment7 V2 y# Y0 L/ O
; N7 V, O- }4 _+ d( w" q
Physical Intervention
' n; X9 Z0 U6 b 162. Sit-in7 n1 b7 l: f0 I- j; m/ `
163. Stand-in
1 {. ]! d2 i6 w 164. Ride-in/ T1 F0 q/ K# d; p: z) M9 }$ _& S
165. Wade-in
( p7 a, {2 J7 ^, O 166. Mill-in" @0 a' {) \. Z6 J
167. Pray-in( Z- x% m; x" Y7 z& m
168. Nonviolent raids
; o5 G. R! S5 |, i8 q4 L 169. Nonviolent air raids1 e, |3 @1 J6 j3 E7 r
170. Nonviolent invasion. v* l' x; f3 B$ {) ?$ O" l- p/ G6 o
171. Nonviolent interjection& o! U1 s9 y+ i7 ~+ h) ]
172. Nonviolent obstruction
8 G. N; o5 ] P* N W, @/ B, r* ^/ m 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention5 m9 r' P$ I" S
174. Establishing new social patterns' `' H: T6 e$ J7 c
175. Overloading of facilities
6 |5 i8 E% z5 ] 176. Stall-in) ^1 x( p- Y/ o
177. Speak-in- _2 z. m- k/ x6 A9 X9 m
178. Guerrilla theater' z: d1 }& m& F5 {3 F) |/ H
179. Alternative social institutions( S" t' S/ l1 |1 K% }7 e
180. Alternative communication system
; k1 \" s5 K, C/ t; J+ V1 w
6 y3 o1 E9 _: LEconomic Intervention
) z3 f9 u# q- y 181. Reverse strike
4 o: s/ a/ U2 c" ?5 @# a, x 182. Stay-in strike
+ {: K0 L2 r3 a5 O) R# c4 a 183. Nonviolent land seizure4 l1 V& U. Y5 G8 z# i8 |
184. Defiance of blockades
: A" J, \, a/ _: e 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
$ K! u. |& d: t 186. Preclusive purchasing
8 W- ` X8 @9 N 187. Seizure of assets& `5 {; f/ P' l2 ]' g/ ~
188. Dumping
7 E# v( g( L/ E- h G3 L8 A M$ u 189. Selective patronage+ v2 x* G7 ^, Q9 W7 o
190. Alternative markets7 W5 c5 ~* g7 `$ }( G( v- G4 g
191. Alternative transportation systems
, R7 e/ s' r9 X @2 V 192. Alternative economic institutions9 k1 C0 a# c# d& Z5 y5 U0 r$ f( {
5 P7 W. r3 e: s) p V6 W1 D( XPolitical Intervention
# s& V# m! l) Q4 Z 193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ ~ _2 o% e- g- R 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! {$ f) {* P+ W. I: Q6 L
195. Seeking imprisonment
$ [% C- h7 R0 m% ~+ j 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 I4 j1 S0 B" K$ I) q) P! w6 U 197. Work-on without collaboration
2 ]% `- {( v6 P& T! R 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
