 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& P, G7 O0 Q1 \% `7 X2 ?. TFormal Statements
# g$ i( ]/ b) _ 1. Public Speeches6 l( I- k* P6 d6 Z
2. Letters of opposition or support
8 T. \" U+ A+ E6 Y4 u8 d' q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! P) i+ c; `3 M$ t6 Z
4. Signed public statements
# E! `3 F) U+ f) j, o* F 5. Declarations of indictment and intention) N4 B% D# r& L$ W' f3 ^; y
6. Group or mass petitions4 g4 L" P, l" r
/ t- `3 f; ~# Y" i, c9 R
Communications with a Wider Audience; H- F/ C7 B/ L, i
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols; A% C5 u; |6 L& W" [! a, } o
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ d0 n. `/ q: f/ T8 ?" e$ H% N, u
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; f0 h& n% W8 V/ }) ?5 X
10. Newspapers and journals) k G, X9 d @) `& |
11. Records, radio, and television, y2 z, k- H! |) w8 i( e
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ _, f0 K6 d/ l( O, N1 r# h* M5 l! B, X& G
Group Representations: |& B/ m3 P( Y* j1 \! Q/ n8 O. z
13. Deputations1 w |6 D+ {0 ]! `0 L
14. Mock awards
7 k( w: U: X% `1 A! @) R' Y* a 15. Group lobbying
" F1 i; w# w" I/ U2 v 16. Picketing
, D, u- ]# i$ Q; Q 17. Mock elections9 i1 ~% e! E. U; _4 {8 u/ [( b
! @: x. l5 V7 A# Q w5 rSymbolic Public Acts
2 F1 |8 S1 a& s& R4 a( K. X7 \ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& c; A8 T4 m5 _6 |& ?- ?/ A
19. Wearing of symbols
$ y0 x. o" l0 ^9 d5 } 20. Prayer and worship! R' J% T4 A# [. N, e
21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 ]: a+ B+ L, l7 ]: ^; ?6 M 22. Protest disrobings& ~/ E" t4 h' x7 \5 l; H& R6 _
23. Destruction of own property, X* w0 A& t" D8 w; x
24. Symbolic lights* r4 o' ^( a! S% _
25. Displays of portraits# F& N# C: d" K- _
26. Paint as protest' f, F1 W- ]! x* V
27. New signs and names& U+ L& F) i% ]- {8 p0 {: x
28. Symbolic sounds
- b& E2 x- y: Y) [: _4 e 29. Symbolic reclamations
7 r4 q( L5 a0 l' \1 k' s( z1 F$ @; ? 30. Rude gestures
6 _7 @, W/ ]1 ?8 F
! ^" Z: W, \- t* {" sPressures on Individuals! `' }1 _( Z; Y1 G* Z" D4 [
31. “Haunting” officials$ m2 \2 n9 T) x5 ~
32. Taunting officials v+ V* d8 R6 D$ t/ e
33. Fraternization; r+ L! x( f; r9 A! @
34. Vigils
# L3 B3 F; w* Y3 e5 C$ d% n7 U6 n' z3 N0 B+ P& N
Drama and Music F0 o4 K- a8 ~
35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 ^0 j& v7 Z$ W2 H/ J$ E! m' z+ A 36. Performances of plays and music
' [! A! ~" K0 v( ^4 K% b2 ^ 37. Singing; u8 C9 F" Y2 K- ?# Z1 [; p
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Processions
, U" K% J2 E2 p) h 38. Marches h: p1 l) }+ V7 Q. G
39. Parades: x/ C; D6 @4 r3 s I2 a6 o
40. Religious processions% W) e9 P' u5 T6 i& X
41. Pilgrimages
( x) v2 Y) h7 Q 42. Motorcades3 F) J- Y6 E4 }
2 v* P" B- f9 rHonoring the Dead. t3 Q4 h$ M3 U% D) `+ ^
43. Political mourning6 Q- m$ b: {4 x E
44. Mock funerals4 @$ s# Z# f, ]
45. Demonstrative funerals
& N2 X* R' \; D7 b 46. Homage at burial places
0 x- y% r# |: E0 y6 V L7 L6 E9 |6 P5 \# O
Public Assemblies+ N. A# ?2 O0 C/ I# N1 C6 J: t
47. Assemblies of protest or support6 o; A7 Y8 L' G1 L# o2 [
48. Protest meetings
8 {5 D# y1 M* j/ ? 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 h5 \9 E% E. w
50. Teach-ins
1 R6 F9 @9 s' w L5 [
+ N7 H* Y) x& N7 _& f& pWithdrawal and Renunciation$ N# D) x$ F( k0 U: w' C- {7 x
51. Walk-outs
! S8 |( a6 K( C! A& H! p" n2 ? 52. Silence
0 c6 h: J! M0 z 53. Renouncing honors
# v6 ~- o5 G( s0 j 54. Turning one’s back
2 p, F& v( }4 a/ H: N Z- g
5 |$ t6 o# q9 t
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 K/ U0 G- n( a& {, I9 F6 |; ?- R* X& g
2 X+ c* q K9 N! _: J1 @, w5 y& V5 m; u V; J5 t" _
Ostracism of Persons
/ b2 W8 a* N$ T& `. Z7 U1 ~ 55. Social boycott
5 @1 w7 R9 T3 \7 g 56. Selective social boycott& ~8 A: J2 s' R. h7 E, b1 D0 y' D
57. Lysistratic nonaction& {5 k, M( k0 A+ |4 o
58. Excommunication
; ~* u% F/ y+ Y7 s) d$ C 59. Interdict
) E$ B! P! l3 z. _" Y4 d5 ^2 }) n( y" c$ F
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 A) {) P$ m& g' N$ z. g, Y 60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ x# i4 q. c" r" v
61. Boycott of social affairs
2 p: a' Y2 u0 a1 K8 C 62. Student strike* c7 W1 y- K/ R" Q& p) a
63. Social disobedience
! b9 i5 I; v/ J6 _! K7 e. X' N 64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 y. E F6 ~! {7 X5 U Q0 |' W( u
( P `8 `# v/ a9 u& dWithdrawal from the Social System- W9 z; @( W( v V, ^$ I
65. Stay-at-home. W9 b0 m3 c3 k* V5 E4 m' d) [
66. Total personal noncooperation+ R) L+ c c! j) ]0 ?/ U
67. “Flight” of workers: ^- s8 z4 U7 ^ a
68. Sanctuary) P$ ]7 X0 `2 H; S7 K
69. Collective disappearance
: R; U# I, j3 |# b: @5 K 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 H9 w* `* s* S
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x4 f- H- f q" G
. u/ e+ N' I! `4 Q( s5 ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS$ v9 w1 x H8 V( U
4 Y% H4 h3 E/ q8 z1 k0 Y2 N) C, n
. P5 M; \/ _/ w! p8 |/ w: UActions by Consumers
( E. A* H& t& |- \3 L 71. Consumers’ boycott
; p! F' n1 Q3 @+ t 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 a+ [2 O3 d$ K4 D( m R
73. Policy of austerity8 m; a% V4 z; l
74. Rent withholding
/ H b6 Y4 m/ @& F* w 75. Refusal to rent- z+ l% ~( ?& e r7 B
76. National consumers’ boycott
6 B$ o6 K6 l% i/ W2 \ 77. International consumers’ boycott. ?$ p3 x% m" D+ M- m
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Action by Workers and Producers# c* _6 C- `2 }* Z/ F/ i
78. Workmen’s boycott r: q6 B" ^, X/ i
79. Producers’ boycott% J. N. P& N0 r) U
6 T5 N! A+ E% j; ]9 z9 FAction by Middlemen' r7 K3 u1 m, H2 t) e
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 q: `6 k. [, M) A) D* Y( g0 h6 z( r
Action by Owners and Management5 E0 i; c* ~5 h& _
81. Traders’ boycott8 I& i, R: ~' f' S" s! C
82. Refusal to let or sell property P" b& u W+ y( n
83. Lockout. B5 f$ D0 y" X4 d# F
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' V4 P2 j; z1 m) R" H 85. Merchants’ “general strike”/ _* O6 H* c0 H, q" x
# p0 T3 g$ d0 k9 v) M; E
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 F/ @$ V5 D) J 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! r4 ~) B: R$ Y% y, I 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
$ ^; ^# ~; G0 Z6 G9 [( V 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
6 }, k+ @) \+ U1 g2 H% w' j 89. Severance of funds and credit
3 l! c/ Z( |$ d. k) t* j& X1 Y 90. Revenue refusal9 Y5 L. I% t: [. m+ n% F
91. Refusal of a government’s money" }3 N7 y! @" G; M
& I" Q- G; W$ `! \. DAction by Governments" l: b5 h S+ ~& O4 V2 f# \- b
92. Domestic embargo# k* F+ }/ @3 h7 G/ p3 G* m* a
93. Blacklisting of traders
: C3 w& c/ f6 P' Q2 { 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 r3 e$ w% T; _# `8 J$ e9 m 95. International buyers’ embargo
! _- [ e8 Q% `* o+ E 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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3 d# C. v' a2 x. F
Symbolic Strikes
% q$ ]$ z0 T* A' w* ` 97. Protest strike
8 s( m, G. x6 H" A1 @ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# H, o7 m% @0 Q( J* w0 t# V4 H9 N# V6 H' G5 R$ Q1 o7 f
Agricultural Strikes
& E, w. b/ s' ?% M6 b 99. Peasant strike
* j. j6 M$ w I5 _) ]& V6 N$ s 100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 Q$ Y9 f* m ~* `4 C4 a* \% C3 w) Y2 l
Strikes by Special Groups
8 p- I4 Y: L; h& o6 ^$ v 101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 l2 ?4 I; j8 M! r, J 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 r9 ~4 x9 e. O3 ^) I( z' w 103. Craft strike; ^- B+ k" D+ }$ @! k' Q5 R: u' A
104. Professional strike6 X5 e) _2 d, b
6 k v( Y9 I) d8 G; q! Z; YOrdinary Industrial Strikes
* s/ } J* W" i) C9 ^% v; ? 105. Establishment strike
$ Y1 c! f: J" F 106. Industry strike$ {2 G- P4 q# a4 `0 v+ G. Y
107. Sympathetic strike" p5 w' K, b+ o/ @" A0 b$ x
3 |# G7 r8 u0 }9 g; J. gRestricted Strikes2 Y9 M( a3 G) ^+ d+ G% x
108. Detailed strike0 o; z m& F6 {, p: w+ E, d
109. Bumper strike
- [. K' @) @$ m. T 110. Slowdown strike: f3 V O( U; u7 } A+ H' E
111. Working-to-rule strike3 l5 C1 p9 ~# ]; R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 }: V. c: C# a! _' T: u. {" ?' M
113. Strike by resignation$ S. v) r0 M. \' e1 P
114. Limited strike$ B- S5 W! L: K9 A
115. Selective strike8 l- U- U! E( r- S' {
+ J( z$ q" R; b4 W6 ~8 LMulti-Industry Strikes
1 _8 _; i5 D s
) {+ H" O- G$ u, [" c 116. Generalized strike0 C. M4 ?$ R1 v: z M( r
' A9 S" E( o: \& ?: v1 f$ x 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 @2 c4 `. C* A$ M1 Q: Z7 b
3 C/ k+ l/ Q; e2 R7 Z 118. Hartal( \* Y! F7 S* U* k2 m+ f8 j
& n6 ]) z! Q. o# J1 B4 ^
119. Economic shutdown
8 `3 a# y) Z1 W+ B( n8 h! f% |6 G; d$ ?
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
% c% {8 ~6 Z( u 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* I: X, U) {" J: O1 ?
121. Refusal of public support
6 B: l M0 f3 } a' D$ l, d 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ A0 o [% ?# I% J5 _! G0 x
u/ g& @0 D% Z5 o* UCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government* X2 C: H7 q8 Y, }* Z/ U6 |4 D/ V5 a
123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 ~. i. b# J2 b* ?0 ?' V& L( ^
124. Boycott of elections
- J& a, y+ u- z% d 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- M1 T8 h- ~+ S( r3 Q u/ r1 d 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# N# |$ ]! b+ e# \+ h7 @ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 a( q8 i1 b: R P: u 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 E) b+ ?4 z, u* ^ u+ |: R 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# ?5 u L: h k s. a 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ q1 I1 I. z- \* p
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials- p) u) F4 v1 j+ }( i7 M6 S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ |4 y: z/ j+ a: M) T! r* F7 @9 e
5 ~! p; x* ~. x, ?Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' k, e: g4 x( `+ b
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# v0 A; n* e0 e+ g
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision4 ]) F+ }1 h' N3 k" n8 v0 p
135. Popular nonobedience
; N$ C; N$ d; k/ M: b8 R) Q; S 136. Disguised disobedience) i: R# P& j- V& C# s6 v9 J
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse. q( U# F" E: Q. x. s" f
138. Sitdown
7 @& a* n! t/ y9 C2 ^ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation8 f& A$ D$ J+ S3 F
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* V4 i% j5 P3 \& j0 {7 F6 F 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 K, t# f3 }: Q+ i( k( j) k' w2 t4 O3 _( v- k0 ~3 C" ~" z" r, ~% Y5 Q9 s! p
Action by Government Personnel; B' R) F) {6 y7 a& a
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- ^$ h4 @" Q8 i" \/ v 143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 C z" X5 ]8 @. f; I
144. Stalling and obstruction, ~8 v' z6 h+ M1 L7 z o9 g/ \
145. General administrative noncooperation
% f- c+ f% [) V' l' i- O7 k ]' H$ `: H( y" {) D
146. Judicial noncooperation
& W# g+ |% u' v1 F8 Z' W 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents7 U8 v" f( D. u: G1 K
148. Mutiny
2 X- y5 A3 L* l. `/ M" O; QDomestic Governmental Action
) S6 k! m# \8 m* Y9 A" x& H4 g! M3 Z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& L0 y7 N6 @1 c* a
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units6 e% S& i1 ^5 F) K9 ]8 _1 a" |
6 v. [/ {- g; OInternational Governmental Action
( s' k" N/ q# B% s _2 c) `5 l, o 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; G8 A" I# a5 k1 i* G 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 L5 g0 r8 p5 H2 e. K7 y; T
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition9 x2 \9 w3 C8 r& u6 Y- ?( j
154. Severance of diplomatic relations2 y0 d, c" s- P4 @9 d
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 @) ]6 r( \0 o: ]% K8 y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; l. c7 `* C( a/ t
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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# h6 Y2 m! m! P$ A9 O' g' ?
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
6 D5 H; F. ]- J& t# f2 {9 J; b- h8 E; \& I& I# C
: B% }3 }3 M1 KPsychological Intervention k$ F* {7 \6 u* ]' c4 D
158. Self-exposure to the elements7 Z6 E8 k. N3 b: ?
159. The fast- t, w) v1 K( K4 w! }
a) Fast of moral pressure
8 j1 M# T3 P8 |: ~- y' V b) Hunger strike
1 S7 C$ _. l4 k1 O3 M c) Satyagrahic fast/ e6 e, E, N* s- Z
160. Reverse trial
$ s0 m [2 m4 X3 i' S/ ? 161. Nonviolent harassment: ?, k% T, V4 G1 Z; ?
8 k( \0 u7 M7 N7 D/ u% mPhysical Intervention& p# X; j9 b6 i9 L
162. Sit-in) W' T6 n0 t. r! A+ c1 _
163. Stand-in/ a2 `4 c2 C2 r- G7 E4 w& @
164. Ride-in; \- C+ t \/ V
165. Wade-in
1 m% U/ U$ p' X0 v/ K1 r 166. Mill-in' g( D$ \! ?3 W, H/ G
167. Pray-in
# a, R8 C$ @2 X0 e( w# h6 b0 T# g 168. Nonviolent raids
& O) S7 V3 b( Y2 o& S0 U 169. Nonviolent air raids& {3 I3 ~7 s( P: y0 U8 C% G" K U
170. Nonviolent invasion5 h* v- B, J- ^
171. Nonviolent interjection
/ x- `* M6 u8 K/ Z* U% Y2 N9 r 172. Nonviolent obstruction# K' s, \# V3 D# r! t
173. Nonviolent occupation/ L( J/ B% A" d3 Y6 N" j- \8 S. @
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Social Intervention
' B H- @& I- o% f9 @/ H( U. R 174. Establishing new social patterns9 _1 _' H8 m" t4 ^4 R
175. Overloading of facilities+ S4 z0 B0 V" A. \! T
176. Stall-in) a, X. D8 f R" X i+ O) S5 y7 {
177. Speak-in$ t# E( G% |) x1 n
178. Guerrilla theater
2 H7 C0 S) _$ Y+ S 179. Alternative social institutions0 L9 }6 C6 m! p$ Z4 \
180. Alternative communication system; s. {! t+ y7 a9 l" R4 R# ~/ C
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Economic Intervention
# Q5 ~' C9 M, T4 y+ e) U; G 181. Reverse strike- \0 {2 p+ d0 \$ R4 ~) `# t, P
182. Stay-in strike4 z/ N2 y9 v$ P
183. Nonviolent land seizure+ n1 d6 C* n$ ?6 B t
184. Defiance of blockades
) b4 r$ p2 o' {8 i8 x. j 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: T- S- P- x6 J- M' n
186. Preclusive purchasing0 j- ?& R3 [7 r
187. Seizure of assets, @4 [5 _/ C; h3 J5 M
188. Dumping
+ x! X7 g1 a! e* R 189. Selective patronage
; M' v+ g! i) S$ N' O 190. Alternative markets
! p' E2 N5 [( t; } 191. Alternative transportation systems
1 F) v# s* R# }- K& K 192. Alternative economic institutions
0 N7 W. f5 `4 O2 l+ |
* s# c. H% y q# d2 OPolitical Intervention% |" Y3 N9 f/ |* v( [: s
193. Overloading of administrative systems
f- X+ ?5 \# e8 v. o 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" U% {0 g: P, ] ]" a+ J
195. Seeking imprisonment
4 p$ `0 Q/ K% M/ F4 ^ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 w) J' m1 K9 v$ c1 {! Y5 A 197. Work-on without collaboration
. t( t: v' V; O4 b& h! k; { 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 K9 j% [ Y) ~) F8 b
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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