 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
* j% V7 p9 T# N, G: I2 H( NFormal Statements9 j& u' p, L" y, I4 I
1. Public Speeches$ h3 T; G; ^3 ~. B2 P
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ U4 x* w7 N& t j 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 H% c, h9 S$ W. F: ^6 f7 } 4. Signed public statements, V) j6 g" k; i; z! \
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. k. G. p8 f* H2 e8 N/ e0 K- k+ o 6. Group or mass petitions4 a8 N' K6 [8 M G
% E7 J' ]- p4 \$ W
Communications with a Wider Audience( i' ^! j4 D% h' M, U
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) b1 ]' x% Z! ?+ Z" b9 P 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 g/ R2 v/ h! ~% w# _ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books3 a& T' e1 }) A7 M1 ` u: R
10. Newspapers and journals4 T, U: h. d7 L& }8 @5 b4 m! }
11. Records, radio, and television& o0 g4 B- O$ e6 |
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
, a: }; o+ b) L! J
* ?. G9 z4 }# GGroup Representations2 `5 S3 a" L& x$ Q- L
13. Deputations. e# G3 f7 s$ R9 |8 b4 @
14. Mock awards
; H# I# i+ [/ n, |+ o- y8 a: v 15. Group lobbying
|9 V( U v- k$ r+ }9 Q) u 16. Picketing
" @2 \2 f6 ~$ R. P8 g 17. Mock elections
+ e. T- p0 l5 u% o! K" J. t
7 Q; @2 N: S7 @) ~* w: g5 H, h2 \Symbolic Public Acts
9 R+ }, o! }5 o6 X3 k' a/ b 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; }5 P) A( j! B- H: F7 w 19. Wearing of symbols' y4 R# A9 r6 @* u
20. Prayer and worship6 L0 w5 Z* y' A9 Z* x) [; S
21. Delivering symbolic objects
# R: F3 M, p: {. M6 v& o 22. Protest disrobings
( U: S1 \; j. |, F- M U) } 23. Destruction of own property3 R. }. ~/ Q" O0 ^% @0 \
24. Symbolic lights
$ [9 I3 e. [* H 25. Displays of portraits
$ A( D# s" o/ G 26. Paint as protest0 h& ~. ?* e$ O5 B5 U, V& D
27. New signs and names
: i3 h1 j7 V9 b7 M/ w; B3 Q, h& e8 y 28. Symbolic sounds
' s- ^; M" |; ] 29. Symbolic reclamations
7 H$ J- Y( ]9 x4 f/ w7 M" W" R 30. Rude gestures
r6 v- P# o) B/ l9 e1 y
9 t6 O8 u3 I5 {" o2 H4 e" ^5 J. nPressures on Individuals! u% I; e6 ]; U# e+ N
31. “Haunting” officials
- I4 r$ Q- N) J( ] ?3 ~* U! X 32. Taunting officials
: K' q5 c$ y0 ^" ~* K3 } 33. Fraternization
# J. v8 B- V; n% h, G, J0 a 34. Vigils
9 `2 L3 E, p+ n+ w" G
) m$ B) q# h2 u0 w+ `# SDrama and Music& ~( F: L1 \6 o
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ ?# I! M& s4 m* D7 |0 I
36. Performances of plays and music
* [. L9 S! D/ B0 S T' v |& R 37. Singing" G2 Z) b6 a0 R% n
9 Y- ?" ^% V$ R' KProcessions
7 Y9 L& v' h8 R9 A# ^ 38. Marches
0 ^% U; \1 v2 \+ O2 t 39. Parades
7 [+ X3 h/ j+ ~; m0 U4 p 40. Religious processions
8 W0 q# P2 b# b# U5 Z. Y 41. Pilgrimages' n$ ]$ Y3 i& `2 S
42. Motorcades# ?% g. o2 m* z: X, a
0 o$ N. }* W. L8 O8 `! o! ]! H" [Honoring the Dead
/ T; K+ G# d1 c; x, W 43. Political mourning
/ m$ ^6 D% e* \6 N* C/ @6 r 44. Mock funerals
4 e8 l& |4 W x7 e& Y5 F 45. Demonstrative funerals
6 _/ ~0 }' x$ c- C 46. Homage at burial places }4 A$ x, {; h% f5 | o, |4 n N
4 w6 t2 ?- G, |7 V- V9 q* r4 g( ?) X8 Q
Public Assemblies9 ^, k7 q. B( T- u# I
47. Assemblies of protest or support6 K, X8 t& }+ {2 q
48. Protest meetings
. I# D' G* w$ A1 G/ X9 k e 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 D7 `8 ^" P' u2 V
50. Teach-ins
, V1 g" A* s; }& v4 a, d& ^6 k: m) `- Q: B9 N2 s2 }
Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 \6 W7 j4 l# i9 ?/ ^ 51. Walk-outs
& f* f% o$ h( _ 52. Silence& [9 q- |5 Y0 S$ \
53. Renouncing honors
" z1 [ r2 M! \$ _ 54. Turning one’s back& q- ]/ u. D% y8 e0 r4 k) y
1 ?$ Z3 d4 K" k
' w& J5 U8 I5 W0 J
: Q i; F1 S6 d' l3 d/ H$ P
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
( ~5 q. x2 H: [ f# e4 G3 o5 V* t0 U c: Q9 j( L
3 E+ b# G5 K5 ~+ W
: Q/ V) k1 y& N4 E9 p1 ]3 S, POstracism of Persons
7 R$ G2 B" H+ _6 `+ ^! `' _; b 55. Social boycott
/ j9 d" u# h( A 56. Selective social boycott
, M& m+ |2 w5 U0 U; j5 F/ P2 [5 p 57. Lysistratic nonaction5 J* H) u) Y9 z3 I* I( T. f" L. x
58. Excommunication" F% ]" y6 N/ E) O
59. Interdict! i! U6 v- t) X# ^
2 M# B& ~; Z# y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 {2 p" C' z! S& ^6 K# k. {- b6 O
60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 h# w' n9 O, K' ~; @- ?
61. Boycott of social affairs
1 S( R1 n2 J8 ^; Y 62. Student strike" d! m P$ b/ ], A# {
63. Social disobedience7 \( N0 O" K7 ?* ?2 q+ G4 U3 B* g
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' w8 H& T0 B: w# B1 }$ L/ a! N0 c. }# f8 b1 g% c
Withdrawal from the Social System
8 f( }4 X0 P# ]5 |1 ? 65. Stay-at-home
$ ]2 p- ^0 {7 X; B( K# c 66. Total personal noncooperation
, s. }, J8 Q% P* C& G+ Z2 E5 G9 v 67. “Flight” of workers
' Y1 a: }. K& h' V 68. Sanctuary) [" L' }( m8 o" v7 m* w
69. Collective disappearance
2 Z' R$ A7 @# V/ s1 F* F0 p 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
/ e3 X! A0 A: Q E% o: B; [) `! u! I+ @4 Z/ m$ ?- v& g4 C7 _, c
+ }% ~2 b) {$ D) ^2 d3 p E2 m; L: O2 }) s; ]( I5 S
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 t* V( j5 {+ ^ G- p7 N0 ]1 W; A+ V) C9 i% B2 y1 n W$ z; g' S( {
2 |( q3 m/ v! EActions by Consumers
* H8 l+ B* U5 q- Y) U3 t 71. Consumers’ boycott/ ?4 d% d; t) l6 d5 K, {
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: @: x/ ^ f! _( s4 S 73. Policy of austerity
& a# h. l& K- ^' d" ~' E 74. Rent withholding* {4 g: D1 C0 y1 E9 m+ G- Y; U- g1 E
75. Refusal to rent
- K5 q) R' q+ k; @& z5 _) }" q 76. National consumers’ boycott
) y" _* |+ F$ L6 m$ r1 c 77. International consumers’ boycott. z$ h9 ]. N8 Y* }, ]+ A8 h
S# R: c" T/ a/ m+ y) @Action by Workers and Producers6 x5 z2 l" \9 X3 k0 G4 d
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ H8 ^5 c) ?+ H# k4 ?, _0 Z 79. Producers’ boycott Q* y+ E* j: o2 L/ N, a6 O3 \8 c& E
8 Y4 \/ o# C4 x& }- A) Q
Action by Middlemen0 S) R9 c2 I. ^, N
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 b6 W! n! A7 w0 c$ o! V
* `! S) d; a, d6 w, O- f4 LAction by Owners and Management' i# K, C3 F/ a* j V
81. Traders’ boycott
. [& E' p- I3 Z% v 82. Refusal to let or sell property
' T- g/ A/ e+ d/ A3 l 83. Lockout8 h" i/ a e. V) d
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) Y; c# G: B# P; | 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( q! l2 G- p! u D1 |2 ~9 {* h/ C& _8 Z7 O d9 j
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
6 }5 c0 t4 c. h4 t( h' ~7 t6 O 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
t* `4 k; g. b& z1 E& O 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) b6 F: D! ^' `0 h* R6 A+ K8 h$ E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 a# l& r! Q; L6 j5 Y# L
89. Severance of funds and credit
7 A y; N8 _: Q 90. Revenue refusal
z4 h- e" s9 @- N3 K 91. Refusal of a government’s money
" z2 I. ]- a: o; P: {/ G
; R0 [3 h& ^$ W1 }Action by Governments
) b2 H/ @2 a! A: `) u 92. Domestic embargo9 i8 @6 _+ E Q7 L( d
93. Blacklisting of traders
) n1 D5 I' t2 ~4 a- \5 Y5 U% L$ o 94. International sellers’ embargo$ Y' \4 l1 v* d3 G
95. International buyers’ embargo* Y/ y6 g" o+ B' e+ U
96. International trade embargo& f% B, T3 f7 ~& e/ b ^3 W
3 t$ L) l: e) A5 X9 a8 A; y2 c
2 q! q8 r' A; x9 y% R/ ]) S
! \" M8 ~7 D8 E$ Q% W: Y' ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: U5 {# m( x2 |) v
% e: g9 F3 a6 k) \$ P
$ \3 r8 K1 {4 Q; LSymbolic Strikes
% [2 I+ w4 E5 o# l/ c8 a 97. Protest strike$ L! ]$ R% D9 B+ g* s; T$ F
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ M3 D7 A+ M+ ~3 B+ c$ ~2 t
% G+ o# K) i: R" r& r- w( ]Agricultural Strikes! a2 ], J% e- R' }, U! N5 {4 {6 K
99. Peasant strike4 H# K( E8 n" k$ {7 q
100. Farm Workers’ strike$ x/ D9 T' ?6 X+ X2 o$ o) A [
5 c4 E k, N$ m# q% c# N1 l# R
Strikes by Special Groups- b% p9 ]2 M; U ?3 ~6 {, m8 B" ?3 w
101. Refusal of impressed labor
% u- V. x4 u* q M) @1 [1 J$ E 102. Prisoners’ strike
! u) _( |) N1 J9 { `7 k& Q 103. Craft strike, l8 G/ P! Z' ]+ i2 L
104. Professional strike$ }' K# B2 p1 b; S& X. B
, G& [; Q3 n( B* UOrdinary Industrial Strikes+ R# m+ z+ W+ W6 X; s, I; j
105. Establishment strike ~2 y" z2 u, S: u2 A- [. I
106. Industry strike
' e4 v9 I- F# I q& u* P 107. Sympathetic strike/ Y& @' }6 X z5 w5 A O. G( t/ Z
% H5 E% o$ t9 j; t. W2 _Restricted Strikes9 r! x H; ?4 P. k
108. Detailed strike1 l# Q- p+ O" n
109. Bumper strike
) N; b4 L7 ]+ w' L4 }/ t. y 110. Slowdown strike
5 U: U& J K# c3 c 111. Working-to-rule strike9 O2 C2 U! I1 G5 f, E# S1 n
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% c" H3 W4 b# W; G! ] 113. Strike by resignation1 n! Q) }$ n! ^6 S9 E4 Z T1 m0 n/ n
114. Limited strike
$ [& }* Y9 w$ x; L9 r8 f 115. Selective strike7 S- V3 D. I; {6 K6 ?5 W) P
- o* Y( l3 l$ j2 qMulti-Industry Strikes
/ U6 W9 ]$ l r, x4 Z, R) z/ x7 D
( V$ t5 h, ?4 L" i+ j 116. Generalized strike# } r, V9 E! g6 s7 U% A# K
4 }! c, ?5 X( w2 W+ s/ C9 Y/ S/ m: I 117. General strike
; x$ R! k5 U* _+ q& \, q( [* ~+ F1 g+ ]6 s/ N
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures' a& v0 ]* t; q( K( G5 g
- k, r u# z l) M: Q- q, j
118. Hartal" W# h3 ^5 Z4 k; [% c8 t) z
' G$ C1 V; e# p/ X; J 119. Economic shutdown
2 p3 r' E9 c3 b+ m8 u$ n5 G% Z" d5 V" ^' e8 e! q: i/ x+ o! Q1 {
- M4 h: Y* Y. z- e
" Q; e8 I. F$ k" d4 DTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION* D) u! P5 U) O% _' \1 n8 a
- {4 w1 K9 y# a u# w" x- s5 q
# ^1 O* U2 E' b ARejection of Authority
% [; E) ~* u. P$ ^4 y# C) k0 t1 S$ O 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
) r! G9 w7 W) p4 a3 d 121. Refusal of public support4 Q7 D' r& v6 a* |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 Z5 E: `6 p* J9 O
% I. g8 L" [9 V/ g6 XCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. \ n' v2 @) n# v* b }* d 123. Boycott of legislative bodies! y! O1 O% t6 p/ l. ~
124. Boycott of elections7 ~2 A: ~5 ?6 z7 C3 J1 f
125. Boycott of government employment and positions- T2 ^" Q2 V! R; U, ~4 p5 |
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 ~- Q: X. c( o7 J9 g 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ u0 A, v' D. \6 R7 i 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ k3 b( u( B0 z$ M. X 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents3 M8 N9 Z" B+ x9 I
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 ?" B2 m1 T4 I: u 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials! o1 s4 N; ^/ C: l& `" x3 Z- g7 m
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 O4 a1 B2 D) {! X. }$ Z) A2 V
( U' b( y, ?) K6 l( h" D0 U) jCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 T( M$ s" ?6 u, |7 P7 X/ j& D3 R
133. Reluctant and slow compliance# {$ C1 R& a' A* ~$ Y/ V2 V" |
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, d5 D9 d/ e8 @4 r
135. Popular nonobedience1 t0 \; b: C5 w+ F. ?
136. Disguised disobedience
) o/ ]" K; E5 w) Y' ]2 d 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
, }9 _; t1 o, x, C 138. Sitdown
" G4 f5 \0 L$ O 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! e k& H+ M; n( d6 x
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ f4 F g4 u" G$ a2 c1 r/ D: T, ] 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: @6 g' c6 G* W3 @% ^
+ K& v% c6 {2 q* Y; o! _6 r2 PAction by Government Personnel+ C6 H. c4 y" v/ M5 Y6 `
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: m0 Q+ s. P: [, \/ V+ ]0 |& { 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; p$ A9 z, J+ u% C3 v9 b9 {7 ^ 144. Stalling and obstruction
; p# Y) Y6 C! X1 K 145. General administrative noncooperation$ s' F' f3 w2 x9 S
9 Y9 W5 `% A) N 146. Judicial noncooperation
- i) M! c0 _2 z+ y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" {8 D% ~3 \2 d- z* i8 N R 148. Mutiny
, ^! }/ E) v) H% Z4 k8 E) UDomestic Governmental Action
- v1 r5 ~4 l; _) J9 S' j 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
+ Y: I, x* i# {" S1 A 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
1 E N2 k( L+ K8 D' J+ `+ F4 V' `
International Governmental Action2 U! x5 }; l. |& N3 |3 c: K7 I$ q
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) j0 f! h) q" M) F
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 y j; A' } B3 e/ K0 `1 e% c
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
( n9 b" ~8 T1 e! }0 v1 b8 ` 154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ Y. ~, k1 a+ I, q9 K
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 V- X0 q; u) q% m 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 D6 E5 w" _) Q7 C% w( l 157. Expulsion from international organizations
9 W% _" S3 z; n& t+ [& P. k- e, a, |1 b
& F! `* F4 C1 D) N" H7 L' p( i8 ]) a# ^ c) b0 M/ z& y
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
- l5 q7 M- ]( `+ w7 [; v) e
$ h% |) u6 q+ Z7 H" [1 e 5 u# T3 }& y( b1 t+ ?! F- Y1 U
Psychological Intervention
. T2 U! S/ e N 158. Self-exposure to the elements, ?! ^$ D l% G: m: o2 r% a w4 y2 M8 U
159. The fast
( D2 L$ [: u _( k( Y, N7 M8 D- w2 V- G a) Fast of moral pressure
$ S. ]4 z, w5 S: `' x, A, @ b) Hunger strike; _. Q# [/ O- `( c- K5 `; p0 M" W1 z/ ]
c) Satyagrahic fast
: I, D0 a& H8 s3 A 160. Reverse trial
: `* X+ e) c% a" t3 x, n 161. Nonviolent harassment
) X) W2 e2 j. e) d% M; q) c3 H( a* H% a8 e0 h' E; F% c) b1 Y4 Z
Physical Intervention
& y; \- |5 k( W/ ? v: r7 c 162. Sit-in* p) x2 R- Y" s, O% Y. V
163. Stand-in: E) a* a. M; n4 @/ H, X
164. Ride-in) [! ~3 J" Z+ O, p5 R0 ]& N8 e
165. Wade-in
. }2 R' N) G" _. P 166. Mill-in
1 u0 B& {/ r! n) r3 f3 N3 ~2 x 167. Pray-in, ]4 [: P) ]4 t8 F! l
168. Nonviolent raids
& ^. |9 H* ~* D! D0 _7 j5 m9 m/ X* A 169. Nonviolent air raids; I0 Y2 y. e; ?+ I% t% r/ V& m+ v
170. Nonviolent invasion, v' u( j- o \ Y* q+ ]7 }% e
171. Nonviolent interjection
+ Q& T- h3 l* Q( \- h) Z4 d 172. Nonviolent obstruction# m* \+ V3 a* n. l
173. Nonviolent occupation% C! f, F4 ^7 O5 C4 y
a/ M( C4 C# z6 _Social Intervention+ `" D0 }7 u, l) _
174. Establishing new social patterns$ N, O. g# ^3 t( s
175. Overloading of facilities
7 l, V5 E( ?) { b 176. Stall-in7 w, Z7 J: X5 e* l& s
177. Speak-in3 E0 N/ D; \9 j
178. Guerrilla theater1 b& t3 O, b; q/ B. X% s2 A3 |3 `" [9 x
179. Alternative social institutions* Y& o( ^3 Y. v- M9 Y7 Z
180. Alternative communication system6 I W: N# z- _$ P+ d) C
* ?7 t. h" M2 U. }
Economic Intervention+ I+ W- _1 q7 Z
181. Reverse strike! d6 v: i' d2 N5 f
182. Stay-in strike+ s* R) T2 {6 L6 [/ O/ B1 I; H
183. Nonviolent land seizure; Q) E: L) P3 Y2 V% B
184. Defiance of blockades+ s/ c2 s3 D+ T/ F
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. h4 \( j7 }8 T; ?4 ]
186. Preclusive purchasing% b8 g9 a7 r2 \2 }- g
187. Seizure of assets6 z1 N7 R; u* H* Y8 S# |+ F
188. Dumping3 k& N ?" U- E* A# g" z
189. Selective patronage) v( V h; z8 v4 g0 q
190. Alternative markets/ m5 K- x$ `- n- C( g
191. Alternative transportation systems, t+ W5 O- f( T9 b' o
192. Alternative economic institutions8 l1 f9 `1 k: D8 J+ z [4 h
4 ^5 i# r5 l( a6 _8 B9 B+ J
Political Intervention
; ~4 X. v7 L9 w8 L 193. Overloading of administrative systems" C( C* e+ J) R |+ s8 o) `
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
; s8 k, g* m" k: ]7 B8 u 195. Seeking imprisonment: f/ u* W. ~+ Z3 Q. j) B
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws) K c+ M7 y; ?7 |6 F& v
197. Work-on without collaboration
* Y! b2 f( I7 o! Q; U 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
