 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ d/ M' |$ z2 K6 z# r0 ~
Formal Statements& C) [0 z2 b) T! q( h% }* c) S
1. Public Speeches
2 i- F' P5 f* M$ Y0 ` 2. Letters of opposition or support' R2 Q6 H6 P6 T
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 k% X9 s( I( j7 ~0 p 4. Signed public statements
4 p r8 E9 g3 @: P" k/ V 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ I, a. ~- j6 b$ n Z, G! ^0 V 6. Group or mass petitions# F0 d* b4 q( v- v! g S( i0 m/ O
/ f+ W1 W7 I$ E5 a9 w" iCommunications with a Wider Audience
+ c2 r& d3 p/ b; A9 E( B% t" l! Z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 r3 ^1 J2 r+ ~* `1 E$ ]
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) e9 M+ ^/ H% u6 D1 ?4 u 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 _! |* _4 `; n& [$ n) T
10. Newspapers and journals3 |* K# R* X8 o7 P& |) p5 V7 B* n
11. Records, radio, and television
9 v( e6 Q& k8 _8 m0 I, {) P' W 12. Skywriting and earthwriting' t0 ?! p$ h+ ?" T {* x/ m
% Y6 p1 F3 o a4 @Group Representations
3 @4 h7 i8 p5 I4 d) y5 s8 y" i 13. Deputations. b3 f5 R' F/ S! L
14. Mock awards) x* R0 [2 o( J$ i5 z5 j; @* h
15. Group lobbying# y/ U- C- o: Q( G; n% o" j
16. Picketing. o4 x8 g0 d4 Q
17. Mock elections) }* m% \' R! T
) y! B8 S9 x; w0 m% z, M9 z6 p
Symbolic Public Acts6 F- z& F3 R0 g) O1 L# w$ w7 V$ g
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors1 U; v6 R; `, l) F z w
19. Wearing of symbols- n7 J! m4 ]! m
20. Prayer and worship
2 W9 ]' U$ }; ^( ] 21. Delivering symbolic objects6 r/ j$ S- v& ^$ _; T% y Y
22. Protest disrobings2 D6 x. A2 k2 X1 g7 n H
23. Destruction of own property0 z0 W. K) A% [- \& ~3 o" g
24. Symbolic lights( Q% O* q+ a9 z7 ]
25. Displays of portraits
* S/ I0 }1 p4 Z9 W7 y. h+ }4 n 26. Paint as protest" P! q1 B& ?8 r6 f" o/ P
27. New signs and names
5 @# {- ~' {4 h% g, Y! I 28. Symbolic sounds2 |- I' H1 v- E/ e. @( |% E
29. Symbolic reclamations
4 d$ s4 v9 F- m4 l: }4 S& @ 30. Rude gestures2 ]4 N. \0 _( B7 }0 c$ m( d
1 A& S; X# ~7 o8 k
Pressures on Individuals; N. x) }8 @- w/ K: w) e- C& r
31. “Haunting” officials
2 O" d4 w" W1 p 32. Taunting officials% I+ Q) E8 Z% L8 D3 F: |
33. Fraternization
! X/ g2 W# @: E% \ q 34. Vigils, D2 t; M7 U( I4 @
8 O/ V1 ^" ~+ @) k$ HDrama and Music
; M! P& h3 Y H- {0 D 35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 v" r6 q9 h4 j+ T' [3 W+ k) ?, k; c 36. Performances of plays and music
* m! m& z! l4 v" y$ ]' Q 37. Singing x+ a1 D9 ^- n
5 v; K/ g" x- p, d+ Z" c8 KProcessions1 h% W/ S" e5 L$ t1 Y: `
38. Marches2 M1 K: N2 ~8 }1 L; S
39. Parades1 [0 \) N, ~0 }. Y9 x+ M
40. Religious processions
2 V) \# f, c9 [- I- ^ 41. Pilgrimages
8 U' o# U* a4 M9 B2 |+ ] 42. Motorcades
3 V! ?0 ~$ D0 f7 U/ ~& n: X6 d: r6 _ l
Honoring the Dead! \$ k2 H' n; P; k: U
43. Political mourning. u* S6 ]- v6 k2 K7 O$ [' Q
44. Mock funerals
% J% M$ h$ p/ } 45. Demonstrative funerals# {2 I$ O" m# X8 h3 P+ d
46. Homage at burial places" y% a( }/ Z$ B* @9 x" p, Z1 n
* k: V' |% T5 a4 `$ QPublic Assemblies
! E8 o! l8 o% A0 }7 j 47. Assemblies of protest or support0 H+ ^; j4 h4 \5 u0 L+ f- E
48. Protest meetings) E3 C Z& ^- V5 r# [9 T
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 p0 [4 S9 g. B; {( y( e 50. Teach-ins; |7 t- v( V" S7 C5 P' N7 J7 z ]& z
: D% ^+ _# @. w) e
Withdrawal and Renunciation2 g j, `6 n {% u4 M. _& o6 E
51. Walk-outs X2 c5 p5 H6 Q
52. Silence4 s. v4 l" l7 T& x, m7 N6 _) j
53. Renouncing honors7 _. f9 q+ t- h+ G( ?1 `, ~
54. Turning one’s back
U* m% |1 M- _6 c7 Z: R6 Z1 R$ J' V3 L* _% B4 S* a
. \, O% c" L6 N
8 H; g9 Z4 l$ v; i N5 ^THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 Y1 T# U# d" l) ?6 F
1 c% c, T& Q, g t D 3 M/ U+ h) @3 G
4 J0 v% X$ U! [8 ?& o
Ostracism of Persons4 S4 L! N F$ ^3 n1 N& B; h
55. Social boycott
' G- t, C/ _9 N8 J# ~0 s$ B- P 56. Selective social boycott
- l/ P3 I1 ?! l/ D6 H: m E' { 57. Lysistratic nonaction: ]1 Z% e& N# U$ t
58. Excommunication
C6 b2 y9 d- \1 Q$ K8 Z 59. Interdict+ o3 F. L5 e2 d- m& w9 ?0 u
$ K( Y' {! C7 } c5 {Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 M6 l1 f! ^ r- q( H: H: T6 P( A1 J' Y 60. Suspension of social and sports activities" p3 R7 t; {( T1 k* P% e7 ?. q& Z
61. Boycott of social affairs
& i( H+ u5 }5 I4 B 62. Student strike
3 f1 l: b D$ v- d 63. Social disobedience: B5 j+ m+ O( Q1 @5 C3 O& `
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! \" J+ k/ P; c9 {: S
. @- L; q% n2 `7 VWithdrawal from the Social System
! F2 [# u5 }2 M9 ~& R/ N1 ?6 X* a 65. Stay-at-home
+ v E5 F, z9 l" t1 |/ R! \ 66. Total personal noncooperation2 t+ Z- X2 w U: r
67. “Flight” of workers1 A r, m5 V: n: a3 Y
68. Sanctuary
$ o# g+ X% G2 y- W | ]: A6 l+ A 69. Collective disappearance9 [' z! B3 G4 X5 n7 X5 e9 w1 B
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ O& C& D7 J2 [6 c7 }) y( k6 C
5 @- p2 t5 ]" N4 j
( H( e1 s/ L' V* q/ j. m; p Q8 Q9 N$ q0 v- k' r
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
1 o% R! G# f. E
7 J3 P t/ W0 f5 P# g
( k/ C8 y6 E8 ^; i, C( B+ t9 TActions by Consumers
4 Q! p2 `7 A& U# H) y) ~ 71. Consumers’ boycott
$ ?8 ?5 p( A3 g2 n1 O 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 S' \! ~8 G/ p0 N0 k) h
73. Policy of austerity8 ^& L# b" V- m' j+ h$ y
74. Rent withholding
( Q( c7 N# |+ c0 u 75. Refusal to rent
! M Z' h$ @3 R6 E5 A; I) s; ] 76. National consumers’ boycott' S8 k( L3 a( e0 O8 ^
77. International consumers’ boycott
" u* {% R: h% T) j# n) g
( W# d3 a% A* D6 Y8 e7 o1 QAction by Workers and Producers$ K; n6 S) \9 D9 C4 t0 @ f, m
78. Workmen’s boycott
. \7 [' l: u) z Z, w" a ] ]- { 79. Producers’ boycott: b2 E8 h& N! k, ^: i' F4 S
) v% R( c7 T) }2 A& P5 mAction by Middlemen$ G; X5 b, j6 w8 W* o+ d
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
N, S; Q9 O$ y4 X5 I
7 ^* |$ ?6 i% jAction by Owners and Management- w+ Q$ ?! z. r4 v# W. l# i& v
81. Traders’ boycott# O: Q. C& B' U; ?6 v. h' _
82. Refusal to let or sell property: x! G) b; P1 Z; C# O% u
83. Lockout: Y! |9 h1 h1 _ I' Q+ N6 o$ E
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 d/ ?6 F) V4 ]4 q+ e4 s 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 T8 E9 }% f! O6 [, @% K- J7 e2 [- @8 o+ I- s Q2 t
Action by Holders of Financial Resources7 U: Z6 `) A( q" K# P; Y0 X- O
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# J% r& n( B1 I" j, k 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 p) }0 `( I, G- u R
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
' N$ [) ], X) ]$ i q ? 89. Severance of funds and credit2 j: o" {) }5 } A" L
90. Revenue refusal
8 ]0 O5 C' c* ]$ p# F 91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ f: Y* l% w* s! H) w( c6 ^* ^# n% l6 u5 O a* ]
Action by Governments
- _+ s8 O$ S" G* a$ }! G 92. Domestic embargo+ I/ g6 \5 l* M) ?/ l/ [. \. v7 ^3 y
93. Blacklisting of traders
9 u B5 b9 K# {2 p 94. International sellers’ embargo: f/ i% {% V% |- V7 |5 s' w, W5 m
95. International buyers’ embargo+ I. H9 c! A. \) ^* l1 t
96. International trade embargo. b' X5 P3 M2 N1 l2 n- a7 U
8 u! H/ h+ \" ^& m+ M1 r# E
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7 p' F8 N( h) z$ N9 s+ _' k T# r
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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3 A& k1 @ Z* e, _4 A; D. [+ Z9 I
Symbolic Strikes, D' J7 m2 \5 x- j. S1 R
97. Protest strike
; w6 H' i% `/ m: z 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 u! A6 }5 N" k* h5 ]# W6 y5 Y
Agricultural Strikes% K9 o: g: M0 {
99. Peasant strike
& k; F2 a1 o* Q4 H0 h( P 100. Farm Workers’ strike- H2 L2 o/ G3 t% V O
3 V8 M. l6 s7 vStrikes by Special Groups
& A- d* C4 s, x: K- N 101. Refusal of impressed labor
" _9 `- ^4 P- I+ r h8 o5 j# E 102. Prisoners’ strike
0 W1 A9 C4 t, t 103. Craft strike
; m" A2 w% r/ k8 L* q 104. Professional strike
: E- Y. r7 D! E2 I" e: b8 K U: f, _
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
/ d& X0 Z0 u* v, c1 t" o, X 105. Establishment strike
/ N( [7 @' X3 j/ C4 @ 106. Industry strike
+ D) {/ S+ b$ ?' r& v* w! p k 107. Sympathetic strike
9 o# a, W6 o5 K
$ \8 B8 @' f2 W9 y9 W# t6 mRestricted Strikes
# x2 r5 b1 I& _% ^, A1 } B 108. Detailed strike& H& V8 J7 v9 X3 q }1 r
109. Bumper strike7 U" O- `5 N; ?; S1 [9 ]7 ?9 a
110. Slowdown strike3 @0 p' B4 k, Z$ x" I. C
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ S6 ^# h9 m' @6 y3 t, ] 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
4 h8 D8 @/ R7 @ 113. Strike by resignation
+ {4 y! w/ @; h( P1 {6 @. L 114. Limited strike
) J" B6 d9 r/ c6 P" U) j3 [, }9 v 115. Selective strike+ T# _% t `- [
( i0 e) U# ?2 V7 y8 XMulti-Industry Strikes' o \0 B' Q' C3 J) q' q" @
5 D: p- g: A6 N 116. Generalized strike' K7 T; Q1 B; G7 J B
6 M1 ]9 b9 K, e6 _* R, C. ?7 ?0 d 117. General strike6 T; t& K. x* F/ s
# u$ Z9 ]2 c0 Q# t6 C
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 w2 a2 T* ^. H8 p
; `6 o2 s. R: `" O! J0 v H 118. Hartal; R/ Q. M$ w* z' {$ e
$ W) P+ x% @' r1 i- e4 S4 c 119. Economic shutdown
2 Q0 Z8 Y: i' n$ V+ E' z4 u: l6 F4 B o9 T9 H( l E u
8 N2 L( i d1 Y# @
" n3 g: f: z& o7 a0 |: _THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION7 P* p* z: H0 l6 x: s2 [! J
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5 c- Z; [# u F2 b9 ]! oRejection of Authority3 [$ A' C$ u) V' i+ a
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" E. W" G _/ q% z. ]% B, h 121. Refusal of public support
4 f3 L' [$ z: g* F5 O5 C5 T 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 m0 Z. H x; _
! j1 C/ q- u; _* wCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" }# @ q/ z4 u. K7 ? 123. Boycott of legislative bodies* j" R7 v, y& \" {
124. Boycott of elections
9 `8 f3 g. b, E4 c w" U 125. Boycott of government employment and positions! s/ { M: t4 P% H) {' }: Z
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, J- _- y9 H8 G0 s3 w. N' K" |
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( X# a1 o4 g+ Z) w2 Z, [7 d ^ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, q# t8 C4 i3 a" t9 k
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- ~% k1 y$ i! } 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 b2 V+ T2 ~7 n; ]2 o) \ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials' {: b$ q' B2 j" F. C5 ?
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
U1 E' ]9 @& P! ?6 T8 }5 D
5 D, n0 f6 U3 w- Z4 oCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
5 g) v+ c/ m+ g0 L0 K 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
+ a$ }/ H- I) u# j( ?; }! t 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 |. c5 D S- R9 O
135. Popular nonobedience7 h6 `& L% }% K7 ^
136. Disguised disobedience
4 Z, e# n" S+ t$ n1 X 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 x$ s6 F0 X9 K0 g, w
138. Sitdown) O/ k- M- M' A
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 y' g) r( r3 |& d2 ]5 J
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- {% ?1 _ ^$ U" m, M& n 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws1 m4 z0 O" C4 ?0 K7 @8 w v. D
, x" c# N3 M3 L, c1 hAction by Government Personnel
3 q1 w! M- L, J: n0 T 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 g! @: Z% Y$ {. O0 I 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% {3 W1 D2 W* \6 j 144. Stalling and obstruction
/ u( j8 {( B$ a/ J5 J$ ?% { 145. General administrative noncooperation4 n0 f) T2 m4 B5 ^9 |
! r( k- b0 h: x2 p1 m+ J
146. Judicial noncooperation- _6 N, E: B' _" U" g& W
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' @0 X$ t/ J7 }2 g 148. Mutiny: A+ q- F8 ~( \4 T: ~
Domestic Governmental Action
+ u7 b8 q; K8 U3 g' I7 m- z S 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' z+ G' ~! f8 E/ P2 ?, F 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 ?# F2 a/ c8 T% A0 l
! i6 D! `% W2 qInternational Governmental Action
9 U4 O: [6 ]0 u6 r 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; |% i, d4 j, t% b* i3 G0 I 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ u+ Z) i, A& n+ n 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition! m% W% z4 G( l: S1 g1 b' d) s
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
# @, q( {: L; |1 C 155. Withdrawal from international organizations' J7 k: w* a K, H& P2 U
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) b! H( i1 N: e& c) g* j) l
157. Expulsion from international organizations2 ?1 M! {& s2 g X( s) Q
' E) S( ]) `# k0 f7 N
4 S; U+ k5 L6 j9 |/ o; ?# f$ ~* r
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 C/ [; ~) @! i, x" Q9 j2 I$ ^
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Psychological Intervention+ q, q; W5 l% M- J' n; [
158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 O& C- u" N! p5 \/ p6 b 159. The fast# Z. S# T! H# r& X: I
a) Fast of moral pressure
8 ]0 v7 f5 d9 s% [7 D5 t- b b) Hunger strike% n. ?+ Q# d* ~/ Z' v5 f
c) Satyagrahic fast
/ z+ X9 \( E, ~5 Y2 t! @ 160. Reverse trial* m& ]4 x, {6 L- {
161. Nonviolent harassment8 Z: \% f8 F" Z0 o5 b
4 _6 `% @5 s: _+ \1 }
Physical Intervention; I4 e8 p, {8 F4 U8 u
162. Sit-in4 J6 p4 ?2 b4 U \7 l& D& m: R
163. Stand-in+ b* o0 I- J2 P
164. Ride-in2 ?6 }6 [# m4 c+ e& J3 Q }
165. Wade-in, X, J0 c5 v# h+ @* A5 O+ \' @. t/ M" G
166. Mill-in1 _& N V9 w+ Z9 [/ n. F! O- `7 b$ t
167. Pray-in( S! k c( j* L* ?" e& m
168. Nonviolent raids
2 C7 K3 J/ J6 L) Q" x 169. Nonviolent air raids
. Z3 i! S4 B( o3 N* m4 k8 z 170. Nonviolent invasion
0 R. ]$ }$ f7 `! W# r. b0 w 171. Nonviolent interjection& r6 `% \: U# P% P+ ]" o' F
172. Nonviolent obstruction; _* m& x; M: U0 t' f1 {: W" N
173. Nonviolent occupation
2 L1 f" u y0 z
7 [" }2 U: X/ D! ^, ?: S0 SSocial Intervention
3 j5 q, a3 f7 E0 Q/ ^" W 174. Establishing new social patterns7 d V: ?* b7 i1 g* x, [( u8 g
175. Overloading of facilities
' q+ B) [+ P2 p/ z6 h" y& W4 F 176. Stall-in
3 \; D5 q O! e' y. o, U 177. Speak-in0 C# A" b. ~. }7 X/ h4 A
178. Guerrilla theater1 W4 W) g1 ?$ y& Q6 Q6 \. G/ l7 O
179. Alternative social institutions
`- l- y1 ^' b* T 180. Alternative communication system4 q- _9 u9 F) c( e% f: Z, w/ k
0 @) W$ P3 c; S: ^$ {" n/ ]/ |Economic Intervention
4 L1 L f/ }' H/ Q: j% t/ } 181. Reverse strike5 i- [. H0 _, l+ X% X
182. Stay-in strike _' k+ E3 O& S5 x* W9 o, W
183. Nonviolent land seizure6 M7 X! p$ g- l! Q( q# k
184. Defiance of blockades7 ?4 y) m1 Q8 m) O
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ H) { F7 c& \- L. L# z& t 186. Preclusive purchasing
: f$ o. e c$ c4 D 187. Seizure of assets) L, w, q$ U- B) ^. r9 n
188. Dumping
1 u# @6 _+ {! G4 n; @+ B 189. Selective patronage
X( S' T- W: H2 ^+ r0 p# l) y 190. Alternative markets
5 r/ Q; d4 g6 y5 _8 g# `) z 191. Alternative transportation systems
5 A4 z7 z+ v* k/ L7 N% Z 192. Alternative economic institutions* s, y4 @7 e7 F6 _
+ O$ A+ w3 T6 {$ W5 ~0 `5 HPolitical Intervention
' n6 h. Q; {3 `; ]% \4 o, k 193. Overloading of administrative systems
# ^- _, p8 T7 G& d% l& C2 Q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 v9 V8 x/ O: f 195. Seeking imprisonment
6 n0 \6 B$ E. n; e* B 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; T& f2 x6 b/ T0 V2 ^8 G 197. Work-on without collaboration& s+ w& v1 f' W3 J5 K' ~
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
