 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 ]7 x5 V9 h( F. y) n
Formal Statements
4 y5 O2 @& L: N5 O 1. Public Speeches
5 w0 o9 k" R# T2 @+ c 2. Letters of opposition or support, S5 z: ~6 d0 W+ @
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ L) y6 S. r: l& ]; L8 k' E
4. Signed public statements' A# Q9 H8 H" Q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ T! k4 ~- Z% g8 Z5 H, W" ^ 6. Group or mass petitions: c4 \+ H- R$ [# S; z
. K8 b( U& f; l5 P- j
Communications with a Wider Audience
. t$ V! C v1 J: `% D& N7 k8 ? 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 o" F' J; X' m+ \8 E& H- v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" c9 b4 N1 \' m1 w0 s9 @ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books" ^2 [% d: C( W, Z& X: f1 F
10. Newspapers and journals
% G3 `& ]- W$ l( D5 m4 N# q1 Z! | 11. Records, radio, and television
/ ^9 K3 j+ B7 b% l+ h& a 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 i% T( h* Y2 Z1 m [2 d/ Y/ Q4 [. F9 }$ |
Group Representations
* p8 O# m" b: p 13. Deputations f8 ^7 H& a/ L' A4 d2 F
14. Mock awards$ S0 H1 {1 g0 i3 D
15. Group lobbying; y* k q/ o k
16. Picketing1 O2 A1 e$ h H& i: y# Q
17. Mock elections
! h3 _, Y, h: ?( M" B
; |/ `- w. [4 p1 Q; }Symbolic Public Acts
( E1 [3 w- R/ K 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors! V$ _9 T* J# i: F; Z& Y/ g+ n( r
19. Wearing of symbols" f5 j, X: D6 e
20. Prayer and worship
" m0 e$ v6 B7 t' ]. s/ x" q# R 21. Delivering symbolic objects9 V9 J6 r$ V: w0 ?$ \
22. Protest disrobings
8 y' u5 ?+ P- N+ j0 M 23. Destruction of own property
5 U3 K Q" W4 p% v 24. Symbolic lights7 N& r6 Q9 n' Y& P- G# f- }
25. Displays of portraits- ~) r e& j" _$ N
26. Paint as protest( d3 G( y/ q% `, b* B* {' `+ L- I1 Y
27. New signs and names
( W g4 m: K4 l2 [8 ^ 28. Symbolic sounds B: [$ E- @0 `) g( n% ^) V
29. Symbolic reclamations
1 X3 K; ~: B/ f( k 30. Rude gestures4 ?& r$ t- g1 s9 I/ S4 `
, O& }4 {/ V+ p" n) ?
Pressures on Individuals! J o5 M; e9 s3 Q; w0 n
31. “Haunting” officials
: ?$ { C9 a8 \% n; E3 D0 l3 t 32. Taunting officials
" q2 E/ w$ ]+ }$ O( i- | N; N, b 33. Fraternization: ]6 k8 j& i. X; f) A5 C
34. Vigils
+ x" b1 [" U2 Z; y8 c1 }# S. M: `
- M" }$ }- g6 M' L( y+ T4 KDrama and Music4 w* y+ G& M3 w% t k
35. Humorous skits and pranks' {3 p8 @; o, v6 R: ]8 z
36. Performances of plays and music
& Q. n5 p% i( Z, @* Y0 `! H. i* } 37. Singing
+ M* f% y* n3 a
, H. Z& ^: }6 {Processions9 @& x0 P, C6 s, ~ G, r# f
38. Marches e. |4 d( t3 l* [2 Z+ v/ u
39. Parades" d+ Q# w* f" o8 d: a, x* g
40. Religious processions% M D; S6 i* O# ?5 y, `% {
41. Pilgrimages* r, @) E& f6 h5 ]1 q+ R
42. Motorcades) p8 Y# r8 G3 |9 X# I
8 |* `& N7 x4 y' B, {Honoring the Dead
* r N* F5 H6 }' K( E) W 43. Political mourning' w3 a9 A9 J: G! i( D5 M
44. Mock funerals8 W3 Z$ C& Z+ Q8 M8 z
45. Demonstrative funerals" A1 V0 F3 S/ k j1 R" o5 J! r
46. Homage at burial places
9 r' X! d) K1 d$ ?
, m1 [, ]' @: `* }6 gPublic Assemblies
N( ?3 k7 ]: d) a8 H, p( \5 B8 O 47. Assemblies of protest or support
, x8 h# z+ `; N& `! k0 ] 48. Protest meetings1 h5 b& f4 g: d/ e; p- u$ W; K) K
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest. I3 F9 K3 w3 p6 h- ~* J5 T
50. Teach-ins
- Q: B/ ?# v p$ J% ]
& s, i0 x( ~& k" k, K7 bWithdrawal and Renunciation
" v! b5 x2 Q p$ g) P( p! ?) L 51. Walk-outs
7 j8 o" t1 g$ k$ x/ O1 ^3 y 52. Silence
G7 B% Z- ?6 Q" B7 C 53. Renouncing honors6 u* z+ h# c4 ] B, e
54. Turning one’s back. } F- U! N4 b0 ~& b
: y- R6 {4 D* f1 `& p* M ) }8 Y/ T: z; d( ?/ v9 V7 o/ Q
" H5 T* f3 S6 ?) Z8 Q" x
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
9 y7 A; F8 r+ @( q4 n6 `2 K0 v5 Q0 e) S3 Z
9 e1 F. a0 X3 [* O
) W0 V2 }, @$ N: r1 L5 s" ^* |Ostracism of Persons
9 y1 a( [: A {$ [ 55. Social boycott
! X5 I& y) l" }0 u- t 56. Selective social boycott
3 g3 Y. m0 o; O8 h 57. Lysistratic nonaction# a/ @2 Z& l3 b% G6 A4 s
58. Excommunication
! F5 j7 A ?( A9 W# x 59. Interdict
2 J4 D! Z0 b6 A4 L$ E- N) v( O$ g
# e# l# f! r9 i. e+ m( cNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" }2 {( ?2 M' }; c8 S' B g! J 60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ T8 n; z" }9 t' r# n- m
61. Boycott of social affairs9 g1 |" {; ]8 {5 S( b/ q
62. Student strike* E; P# N o- `
63. Social disobedience
: `& ]+ r1 F8 X2 Y* z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 C$ l3 F3 N, K; I
$ H4 Y" K4 x, KWithdrawal from the Social System
+ f9 l6 C/ q' E+ l3 T 65. Stay-at-home
; Q. B- I, A4 `' c7 d) y3 r3 r 66. Total personal noncooperation
) O: |& G5 F$ x+ T5 a: P% f- h 67. “Flight” of workers. A3 w2 m% D4 z7 U; `% ?
68. Sanctuary3 g: z$ D# Y. B
69. Collective disappearance
- h9 m' p, M' n9 q' Z% ?/ Q' Z6 c0 ~ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 z; @ C: i m# M% O6 H3 m: R4 T/ j
0 c+ \, T6 e- } r0 A! `0 `6 E2 p$ A. n4 M
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
+ o; O2 a% F1 ]
" O8 s* t& v1 {- F. K% r* D4 s) q; ]
# z1 v9 d( n8 a/ WActions by Consumers5 H! m- @4 [# U
71. Consumers’ boycott( E$ R5 n- [4 D$ v2 W# b
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ X/ s e# ]) ]% `' ~/ R6 s. @5 u 73. Policy of austerity
8 |$ \. c* s0 P* i6 O- b 74. Rent withholding" r; l! y- l$ f' f/ A
75. Refusal to rent- O" x8 G4 Q8 X, w, {2 b+ C# U/ ~
76. National consumers’ boycott: H( M0 v+ ]% [ p' b
77. International consumers’ boycott
$ _+ c0 ]+ t; H" X" \; D0 n* g
! Z/ | Q+ P: b6 ]8 \Action by Workers and Producers
, |* p) q. ~, e6 | 78. Workmen’s boycott6 _4 S9 J3 d2 C+ A/ a6 m G
79. Producers’ boycott+ l) B" o3 ^4 \4 c6 @8 u$ y- Q9 C
- c5 g5 d) N. T5 h4 I7 u, oAction by Middlemen- [) S( q; c6 C! M; ]* }& X2 o2 I
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
J% X- u3 L1 U: K0 M! z( p+ [
' t+ }% X0 \ {& FAction by Owners and Management; S E' x! G* O/ c p" e, d+ s) C$ S
81. Traders’ boycott7 N$ u/ E# _/ a: A
82. Refusal to let or sell property
" X5 j0 P. R" W6 T- x9 X% U4 w' M* E 83. Lockout
( n5 w6 K+ t: J5 Y! L. f* @ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance# [# @0 T- O% V
85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ L& G2 k+ ]+ A) |$ S# |
) ?' s1 r! F- l, {* b
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
# i2 @* T3 X# t" x* d' P) |) } 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits1 d, J& }$ T' C* S2 }
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, }5 T& b$ Q- ?
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- E" P. T; y3 _/ A7 U" C 89. Severance of funds and credit
7 Q+ {# w# y' g7 x 90. Revenue refusal7 s9 V( L L: v' G5 i
91. Refusal of a government’s money4 N: x+ `; v6 C5 Z6 z
$ u" e7 a3 G* T {* _9 H
Action by Governments- k- N$ {3 ^6 Z8 C3 c
92. Domestic embargo7 a' U8 D t& ]$ Z( _: B! F {/ _) H
93. Blacklisting of traders; m- m# d2 v v8 J# z, q& z
94. International sellers’ embargo# y$ H" v( e1 Z# O9 W
95. International buyers’ embargo
8 F b( |6 F3 `: W. K7 _ 96. International trade embargo
`/ @7 U. M/ E- h! }' G9 ?, I( I: B& p) }5 A! C0 p
* o9 z/ E6 J! Q# J5 ]% u' c8 e" e$ H2 w: N* _ Z1 M7 _
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- \: }) @4 y, \' c N0 u1 _
. x3 ^, S7 O( ?& u% A Q: F 0 B6 v# j. h$ Y( j0 B. o7 o
Symbolic Strikes$ N1 E, c8 ^: s2 y- E. P: o- I5 P# o
97. Protest strike
+ u& F# [- i8 l3 V 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)8 z" w# v z& I3 q5 ?1 P) q
! d8 [5 [ ]8 | K0 xAgricultural Strikes
4 g4 N3 `" r7 x2 Q2 s7 O r2 ?) E6 T, n 99. Peasant strike
! D O- [7 X/ K1 i 100. Farm Workers’ strike# J: N& E/ N9 e' e; r8 q, Z, E
7 G% ~( q2 b8 G* R. D# V5 ~7 pStrikes by Special Groups
# v$ ~1 o6 E d* Z 101. Refusal of impressed labor y1 |: ? f' m! p
102. Prisoners’ strike8 j' u1 y9 o; {$ M3 b
103. Craft strike
2 q; e* Q) r( V' \, z 104. Professional strike: c) { Q) X5 o& w0 b) v
4 U, k2 P3 u; d# H7 o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
9 V8 n& f! o: d* l 105. Establishment strike
1 _7 b( F- Y! j* b1 ^' B; L! L) S 106. Industry strike
! e: H J% C% P 107. Sympathetic strike. s& `* b+ _* [
2 H% [" h+ A8 `- }) |
Restricted Strikes( L7 p* S, I: P; w6 H4 r6 F# G
108. Detailed strike
+ p' q o8 p. z c7 d 109. Bumper strike
9 o! I( {& }9 P6 G0 T 110. Slowdown strike
0 e6 C0 z1 P: I! Z( G# e 111. Working-to-rule strike
0 O0 v$ x& a9 d& Q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 ?: G) d$ r! ]+ U2 T8 ~ 113. Strike by resignation5 e. ^8 R5 D: x, s; R" h9 ~
114. Limited strike
- D2 \, D2 [* U+ B% z( c 115. Selective strike, A6 m0 C$ p4 x: T5 Y* x, x# }6 K
\3 O3 q# m* \1 w! _$ {: ^
Multi-Industry Strikes
" N$ v* H' k5 y. \" T: e) G+ N
& |- {2 s; |. i: S% ` 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
* @0 y) D: c3 m" X! ?0 V6 y: e: M3 i0 s% f8 N! n5 S
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; A2 m, [' r/ y& o, Z
* |, s B/ {9 P8 i' H& `9 K 118. Hartal
% m2 o: G) g" ?4 j0 C- ]# b
$ v2 [8 S0 {) q7 Z4 P 119. Economic shutdown) d: f5 X7 z- m3 V: p
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a7 X4 B: B8 n! H8 H1 e3 J. {: E( T; V7 }8 N& X
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
2 K& l N5 \( z2 R% N0 q$ z7 o1 r p7 T. E6 |9 u9 u) ?( f
3 G( C1 a( R9 K% v) FRejection of Authority- V: Q' C4 w ^& ?; l, V! ]0 S N( H
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ C' k1 L3 [. C* g+ E7 {# m' j
121. Refusal of public support
0 E* _( r+ C2 W! S 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ Z4 f: d* W. H
. e5 i. g! D3 Q: t: kCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- u5 n5 r5 y9 ], D# ~0 n 123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 W3 K% _6 Q! {4 t$ B. Y
124. Boycott of elections
8 n! m& t7 R7 X7 C& ^) R8 H 125. Boycott of government employment and positions- M5 ~+ G; V% V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. M2 a/ Z0 y. k' d- j- P' l
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) N* x. Z/ G, c+ a7 `
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations2 e, ]6 S% x3 M5 l+ ^$ Q1 p, v0 I& b
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 D% ?& z" {) K. @0 @- k
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# U0 e. ?3 y' c+ u6 F+ S6 Q3 V
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials q0 s& i R, _1 F
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
; m, S- G& @8 w1 _3 T# r5 _0 |- W" C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" M4 c: F5 N/ O, A8 D8 Z4 D 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 a" n/ G0 O k* l 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' l" R) t8 o# x# F+ A2 u7 x
135. Popular nonobedience
5 y- n8 L" z8 x2 R3 ? 136. Disguised disobedience( w4 J2 {4 ?6 E( @) y5 T* x
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' w7 F6 q' Z$ f
138. Sitdown2 ^6 U* w0 Y, r; t* O3 L0 }% L T
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 [ K8 b6 u) s) U; D/ v 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ T0 S" H9 v3 k1 \4 M' H" f
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
4 A# l1 `. e: s N4 r: a0 e
1 S. @. e+ Y2 a4 n" _, j+ s# d/ |" HAction by Government Personnel
& z( }/ {7 x T- o6 f+ X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 X3 p+ X Y: x8 ^: A( ? 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 g$ r2 d0 A0 m7 ~0 ?+ Z 144. Stalling and obstruction
. P: U H0 P1 s0 t- g 145. General administrative noncooperation
4 c3 r5 V! [2 a+ q6 H( V' X: ]; j" b c- B+ x0 J
146. Judicial noncooperation0 R" n% O2 e* T) `4 @4 I6 y
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# A% e* z2 t; I. e3 @
148. Mutiny
0 F. z" N4 E. C# z. uDomestic Governmental Action
) D" `8 f; L" O/ X1 Q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, S- E" q3 f' h! {2 r2 R% O' R 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ C/ z+ s- e9 g% J& m) e" E: z) N
u- U' P2 \" \( K" V/ w( M! i
International Governmental Action
! k5 `! P0 X9 a 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 Y Q2 ?% Z8 O: w8 |# P/ a
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
; } W1 ^) T" n% N$ ? 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 F* @ P4 e' @4 m8 N9 N2 J# m* } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations, }' b# h( Y) U* P+ Q
155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ ^9 n5 P! |) n- O: s5 ?2 S
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 p( S! I: F% g0 t! h; c
157. Expulsion from international organizations* {; X" h8 ?/ W3 g
/ @! h6 T' A0 f- X 9 M( f- g6 X& W
" H* u1 y9 G7 H( E+ h; S
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
4 Z, A% ^" }9 b
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Psychological Intervention
) i- ], L! c% b) ]# }: |6 Y; ? 158. Self-exposure to the elements9 ~9 V5 X) {( b1 w6 V! q
159. The fast
. B W( k* e8 I/ e: d! U) X2 L a) Fast of moral pressure& E( D# X) F+ L3 a( O" Y" k
b) Hunger strike; J5 v9 i6 q+ M$ |7 @4 B
c) Satyagrahic fast
. G2 d8 w& Z* n9 ` 160. Reverse trial
0 b4 b% _5 D: y5 D" Y8 j) b 161. Nonviolent harassment; t8 p$ E J% t1 M$ m
" } D6 S8 R5 FPhysical Intervention2 H$ N$ F) s. B9 ?+ j
162. Sit-in
0 E, B1 ?* L& S! W% a, \4 d 163. Stand-in. D7 Z) a! F6 Z9 {% V
164. Ride-in1 d9 G2 ?( w( R8 k) n8 s
165. Wade-in
& H- p/ ^+ x @1 j5 F; A 166. Mill-in3 o- S U Q5 R/ P
167. Pray-in$ h. b) k D, M- u8 E4 {
168. Nonviolent raids
* f6 A( y% a; x/ H# Q% [! p$ J& { 169. Nonviolent air raids/ q: _& `: o1 c; ?
170. Nonviolent invasion6 |) l `, c8 [/ r4 Y
171. Nonviolent interjection6 Z! h) y" j5 ^8 u0 A: q8 N3 l
172. Nonviolent obstruction& C, I3 @3 H9 ^
173. Nonviolent occupation- g, a2 Q) O/ O% U( B' F( d, f
/ |' F. ~- {5 U2 ]2 HSocial Intervention+ Q, R) q7 V, G. O( W1 l( @3 \
174. Establishing new social patterns: z, b6 A: o! c
175. Overloading of facilities& n7 s* r" _! X+ t8 x+ h
176. Stall-in
* G' D, i b$ r; q' }: r( J; @ 177. Speak-in) S7 [* J5 z( X+ _( X$ ?
178. Guerrilla theater5 O( w7 Y4 S9 M# }; b
179. Alternative social institutions& |0 o1 G9 n- H! h9 P" l
180. Alternative communication system6 G' |& ]+ e }# Z, k
# `+ T) O1 d% y6 _Economic Intervention
: ]6 _8 ]+ b, L, _% O9 ~) ^ 181. Reverse strike: b8 e$ o7 z4 h1 \+ ?( j. h
182. Stay-in strike
" c& e+ m) `! f1 `* Q- C 183. Nonviolent land seizure
f- U. t# D$ |( G- h& ] 184. Defiance of blockades6 V/ U# p/ c/ B0 Q7 B+ I
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% G M9 j! O/ E5 J2 V
186. Preclusive purchasing
) W! { T3 L7 S6 ?" T 187. Seizure of assets
, O9 i' e( F: h/ A 188. Dumping
- i& b7 j+ p% {+ e2 @( b 189. Selective patronage
$ h" c S/ E" z 190. Alternative markets& K; ^( E! e4 Z1 l" F, j
191. Alternative transportation systems# o7 V/ W& c# Q7 _" R# m! O* J# ?5 f
192. Alternative economic institutions5 b, i1 F# }6 y- g9 l: h& e
8 a* l: G; A+ @4 H, E- P# d8 y
Political Intervention
# j+ L4 V V5 E7 ]) s5 \0 _% g0 ] 193. Overloading of administrative systems
s3 g" Z0 F* [$ y: h e( d 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 I& s+ r5 ]9 f! W" q
195. Seeking imprisonment
6 P0 K" x/ w" w J, a 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: a1 c! S; S" n' B$ n. J6 n9 f 197. Work-on without collaboration+ g% f! H4 V; K
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government5 J6 k' O& m& S8 `! q' N0 l
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
