 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 G& d& D6 |) ]$ X0 j
Formal Statements% T. C% X) v5 j" x$ e8 r, Z+ F ~
1. Public Speeches9 F' i/ ?- k/ J7 I/ b* e* K
2. Letters of opposition or support' V$ R9 N* S% J' p* Y! l
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions2 f' g0 F" `5 s6 D
4. Signed public statements
+ q G5 E" C: i+ a 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& a m$ y% m' { 6. Group or mass petitions' M- [4 i: D7 C/ q, K/ o
4 T0 B6 m; K% Y( f
Communications with a Wider Audience
7 C n) w: S. @ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 d. C: w9 R0 W8 a/ ]
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ J/ w: s/ \: e, b0 p- m% A 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
w4 h; F& Z/ ~0 F7 g 10. Newspapers and journals
; t: b0 S5 Q+ ]& u. V# F; Q 11. Records, radio, and television/ f6 U+ R( X! f, w% c2 S4 w; u5 m
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
4 a5 U9 X6 J) `( U- L' m
4 E6 v5 m- s H; x0 R/ R0 jGroup Representations
' k& f3 K9 r. R' o& K$ ] 13. Deputations5 O+ U, C8 c( ~. Y3 ^# `) `5 P
14. Mock awards
- }2 a: B1 E6 b! j% R# P* f 15. Group lobbying2 K5 [2 ^. m% X, j
16. Picketing( t+ G/ J( X5 U0 }8 i
17. Mock elections1 @ R3 m: E) f: F2 A3 C
1 F. I6 U( Q; \7 Y% \4 ?9 SSymbolic Public Acts
" k5 O( W) k% G; ^# |* X& z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# u& k9 u2 B5 r( p4 u" ^5 [ 19. Wearing of symbols a- @ q7 L. p4 k2 C
20. Prayer and worship9 Z; _$ S) L9 g# |% F1 K( I$ ~
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 E8 y# U$ p' v. \" V$ l+ k6 H
22. Protest disrobings# M: Q/ I8 M( ^8 H
23. Destruction of own property. }( b/ G6 q: \% ]1 C( n9 ^
24. Symbolic lights; Z* i* v' ]) c& u s3 V
25. Displays of portraits
1 O7 i5 I" B6 _6 f' d) |' Y 26. Paint as protest
9 R% J$ J5 k; L5 [# C( c 27. New signs and names
; L" {& z. d% L4 x; ] 28. Symbolic sounds3 n' [, h$ ^! w* ?) V/ B8 D% |
29. Symbolic reclamations
1 H" A1 c* i6 {% J: g" ^% y 30. Rude gestures
3 `. M l% k, s3 @7 g! O. S
5 g" `" w0 u( R* |) y8 _$ ]Pressures on Individuals z) I0 q# {! L2 X2 R0 `
31. “Haunting” officials8 R3 K" G2 h# l
32. Taunting officials
* R% O% X4 N' Q( P1 A" w/ l" J 33. Fraternization
8 l/ b4 X! u) T# N. p 34. Vigils* R: t8 U1 B. C1 A3 ]
2 W5 i X* U' ] t- _Drama and Music
! R# ? }6 a) e! U7 D: |/ a 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 i& r5 u, j( [: A6 Z; o 36. Performances of plays and music
p7 ?! _% [ |+ K& p, U$ `) n1 D8 U 37. Singing* f( a& D6 J0 Y0 ?
+ L' Y2 ]% O( p' o7 TProcessions2 }( y& O) l* `- k
38. Marches( z7 D/ }- e0 c. M. y
39. Parades& R6 k6 y! j2 @# p
40. Religious processions
' t6 s( {: }; P 41. Pilgrimages- ]5 P4 F4 R+ X. t
42. Motorcades- Y1 B& y; g+ J- i2 |
# i! [" ?- G* b. S! y3 I
Honoring the Dead
7 J& C8 S$ k$ H7 R4 z9 w0 O' ` 43. Political mourning! h8 B \2 q+ h+ N
44. Mock funerals6 R, z; C2 z+ b8 {& Y& N0 Y
45. Demonstrative funerals
+ m5 `7 ~! E8 b* k6 [. r$ a( M# w8 t: m 46. Homage at burial places
8 N1 f# c$ j1 W$ }. @& c! p
, \. [: e3 p, F7 m" q2 l* x jPublic Assemblies2 w9 {, M4 Z/ P0 w
47. Assemblies of protest or support3 o" p* c! `! t5 i- }; Q! t5 S
48. Protest meetings, {# `/ b* @0 y9 ^7 @2 t# R& j
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest) P6 P/ ^1 u; T, X- a) J, m* {
50. Teach-ins
9 R3 [/ k4 i, |& {9 p+ {
+ r7 G5 Y. q/ O6 l' m( T+ N0 c/ AWithdrawal and Renunciation6 D0 a4 m- V X3 {" w& c0 @
51. Walk-outs3 N# ^( B& O8 x( R9 ]
52. Silence
9 H8 S2 k4 d+ \7 ]& v( D 53. Renouncing honors7 f+ ?6 I1 k* ]5 L2 p
54. Turning one’s back% Y$ N; V9 a* O; b% z
; k ]8 [% C, d4 Z' d; e
! P, [, D$ b8 g/ \2 z3 L! j+ v* y+ C, N/ S
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" D; m) K7 Y* ~' P2 A! e5 X
/ ~' }7 f0 I0 i8 z) m2 h4 | ]
# V$ F/ W6 P. t1 T1 _! g5 W# l
' _+ P: ]. C# e3 b, |Ostracism of Persons
6 H# [- p1 n' @0 I5 [ 55. Social boycott" X4 v5 p1 L2 J0 L3 Q! K
56. Selective social boycott( l; d/ a7 ~2 I/ ^9 K
57. Lysistratic nonaction) g, D0 i- Q/ C! x- j8 o
58. Excommunication9 K5 `& q" X( x' s3 p
59. Interdict
' z5 b& k- ~" i6 d& ]
# C# x& j9 {+ L; NNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ `: A- V4 V0 X, c. g/ Q9 \: ^
60. Suspension of social and sports activities* O: C C% E9 _; v
61. Boycott of social affairs
) A$ y1 h7 {' @3 W) Y 62. Student strike! h) H! b4 d( D9 i
63. Social disobedience9 R1 M1 E8 [: U6 F4 U S5 P/ k
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 t2 }: h4 _ o, c. `- T
4 `# G- X6 V- t; k. o
Withdrawal from the Social System2 [# S8 r# _& I- W# w
65. Stay-at-home. I' G7 ?: w/ h
66. Total personal noncooperation
4 e* j G, ]* g" t, J 67. “Flight” of workers( D3 a( R. \; }7 A: \# U
68. Sanctuary
( V. l- w& ]. k 69. Collective disappearance
1 M4 H3 B M, O 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& ~5 ~4 ]. D8 I& M$ s
( I4 g9 [( \8 n$ z8 q+ w; A
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% ~* {2 O$ G2 n9 o4 j* M, dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS k1 k$ a& S9 u' F0 _' N" l, d+ [
$ L6 c& n8 a" V" m) W- w9 H3 H f
6 [+ v7 p! n( k$ E; i8 G6 R* SActions by Consumers1 {- a$ h& w" G- R5 J
71. Consumers’ boycott" B% c) ?8 s9 S8 ]& x) Q' e2 K( ?" n' W
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 f: Y G7 t6 D' D
73. Policy of austerity8 b; Z; e/ H# M9 I: C% y
74. Rent withholding
0 t, b4 u* A! h; K+ ~ N/ I 75. Refusal to rent/ s; V. ?. a! W G: S: e3 K7 X# S5 K
76. National consumers’ boycott
& p! D2 M( t; g6 G9 T5 X 77. International consumers’ boycott
! T' l! a+ v" I7 d3 {6 t/ \" p6 f0 Z+ K+ R0 Q' |
Action by Workers and Producers' ?4 ], j" b% x
78. Workmen’s boycott& R0 J' F1 L: A% F( z- q
79. Producers’ boycott( u4 W: T. d% {) W) f+ P R' X
! [) T( i( T5 A o
Action by Middlemen
& s3 d# M3 X$ v% l; K 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
' G* m3 ~0 P: w
" y% i$ m, @1 `Action by Owners and Management( P# U) Y& Z6 V
81. Traders’ boycott
( w1 L& _% S! _; A t( s 82. Refusal to let or sell property
" l' h3 Z! N9 r( N9 a 83. Lockout
7 D6 o3 c) ^ e6 K# z/ T. @% y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ ` @$ ]! y7 j! f( {- Y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. l, o% a+ ?) {' @9 Z4 V
8 M+ [$ L. c& lAction by Holders of Financial Resources
3 d9 L' l) {, s9 \- ^8 r. M8 k; i$ } 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ s& Y: |5 @9 f) ?) D" x' g
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 D0 F9 l/ m4 m6 K9 F9 O: v 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
) E2 q- H" z% P# \0 r/ C 89. Severance of funds and credit' j2 w2 j, C; e% R$ C$ ?* A& T, }
90. Revenue refusal
- ]" [& s- B7 Q 91. Refusal of a government’s money5 d! I8 i+ e$ X$ I0 |
0 W3 Y2 Q& O! `* n
Action by Governments9 J. C- h; I( W7 _6 h7 A- A5 }2 V
92. Domestic embargo7 `4 M {) a8 [0 ?% L; u
93. Blacklisting of traders
5 c9 k. ^, K/ Y) j p& d" c 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 x- w, R$ V6 P* F- e 95. International buyers’ embargo
k# S/ Z. D, d0 v! ~ |& G 96. International trade embargo
, W: W& S/ U: ?" n# ]& ^/ ?
* P" q# q' o7 }0 U + k( A0 d P8 c% d/ I
/ o* J0 Y; q3 q0 b$ n3 r OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
7 ^# {& W( w# b" p& s3 ?5 ~4 I& K% p4 D# ~4 F9 l. N6 x* w* E* H2 L
4 C( p( A( y+ U: a1 q* A7 D$ N/ O
Symbolic Strikes% B* m- b9 K0 u
97. Protest strike# t6 q& W* ~2 I7 r- T, L$ M4 \' G
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. h/ a# |% v; r& f" F! E) Y: H: q5 k, j+ y
Agricultural Strikes
( u, l7 b; F' F% f1 J 99. Peasant strike4 j4 i" ?/ X. e' Y% e! Q1 \
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ ^1 r& @) @- Q
, w0 k: o' q$ J" D$ r. nStrikes by Special Groups
2 s( `* E& |$ q- a# `' M 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 B" a- a) M, g2 x 102. Prisoners’ strike$ O7 p9 Q, c( [) g
103. Craft strike4 t4 F' R3 r4 p+ V( ]$ }
104. Professional strike
0 j1 M* w2 V8 G' q
2 r8 J3 r' A9 Q- @Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' C% @$ J1 P$ f# @/ I3 R4 L 105. Establishment strike
7 `2 v" d0 B6 L' V 106. Industry strike+ D% }# I& S% o- u. d9 S8 B% i
107. Sympathetic strike
/ S* |0 B( r* F5 V& w1 ]2 h$ K! u" m% j) b; q$ `9 ~( a' `- l# F
Restricted Strikes4 B* R/ t! V6 s; c9 {8 C- F
108. Detailed strike8 Z) ^) B7 h# x+ h
109. Bumper strike
# M5 x i! b6 e0 m; D 110. Slowdown strike
7 V8 M C; Q- [ 111. Working-to-rule strike: K- Y. L' R1 j( r/ {% c
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& S. t/ @2 a8 b! u, k
113. Strike by resignation
' X4 E3 x* w, t O' g/ A7 [ 114. Limited strike
: L7 E! P( K: k0 J5 n3 y: y 115. Selective strike
) V% D' X5 v0 T3 A: |% c
: x) w0 D7 ]+ j: w; OMulti-Industry Strikes
2 a+ |6 \1 @4 Y8 S4 o; k
- c) m, o! W$ r# e9 ]3 {0 @1 A 116. Generalized strike
4 z( h1 f0 X5 U9 R' ?
8 |7 k0 E* Q/ @& E 117. General strike% X f' F) |0 S: W( M8 J; N8 k$ T
: L, Z1 D4 I z% f6 Q6 B0 S$ Z1 L7 a
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 N" W3 p$ `. S8 W/ y% h# }. q1 N
5 s: E+ {+ w" Q3 {1 {! F, ^ 118. Hartal% d, X; ]' t7 I. S7 M
9 _" u, I# M! [9 G0 f: V
119. Economic shutdown0 F( q) J9 F* C6 Z! e4 Z, B
; Y0 S# v4 v5 d. N % B$ `! s8 e3 s3 y
9 h1 ^+ `; T1 n) D
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION9 h' W% [: d: p4 N4 \$ i+ ?
; ?2 c$ t( G. r: I) `
! ?& C2 W4 U: n- O" Z. lRejection of Authority
4 Q& Q# g: N% u$ ^2 p6 { 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 g5 }* w: j4 `$ } \9 ^
121. Refusal of public support8 J9 q- f. x- P# S! D& \
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) e% v( P1 m: U4 I: G% f- f
$ |/ A1 z' _( P4 C3 ]+ R s- q( sCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government0 E/ b# f3 V' {) }" Y& c% U5 x
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
" b: M/ ^ w1 ^7 `% d! A B2 G 124. Boycott of elections& U% n- h9 R: W
125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 h; q4 {6 h; s0 ]. s7 T
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# B6 d; Q1 Q6 ^
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 ^1 A& a5 E! r5 `
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, l% S. R0 N8 B% h- u. l 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" n: l" X3 P: R# {1 S s3 h( c
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
7 r1 X) B! G6 @) Z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 X. B- [- K" I1 Y
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions7 `) H3 r& W- @1 ]1 ]8 r2 p+ X
1 V! C8 Q6 O ~& M/ ? g
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 Q! F+ H* D' Q3 E g( h0 o! |
133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ Z* Z$ ]( |0 ]/ I1 R
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
o; W0 o; T* u9 z" u+ ~" ~. R 135. Popular nonobedience
9 J2 p* F r( f* q 136. Disguised disobedience
$ e8 f9 d" j, X" A" r/ [$ R/ y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 P3 g0 e! x {/ { 138. Sitdown6 q1 e! F$ F% a" Z# ~1 R/ L
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* D; i; p# n! n$ L/ o& Q! o5 N
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
, e" G1 g1 G8 [1 f& f 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# A L; O$ ]3 i! D4 ~
; O1 H$ b4 }* v9 |: iAction by Government Personnel7 l! c7 ?$ k2 o: j# n7 I0 N1 t
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ V1 k' C3 m/ d( ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 B/ a% r4 z! c0 [# Y& L8 @ 144. Stalling and obstruction' f M! { A- I/ T) O& J
145. General administrative noncooperation% M) j& L3 b( P+ [: Q+ e; }
$ n; H+ G9 s3 ]' Y B6 q) c( q, K% E
146. Judicial noncooperation
$ r% l& f! Y' [- x O; n' o 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 D* ~# b, T. }0 d" }/ n* w
148. Mutiny& ?# |$ m# M+ f1 `
Domestic Governmental Action
$ |3 n! E$ K, E5 a+ q0 Z 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! I) y; I5 Y+ D2 e 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
- @& Q9 b7 E T/ U( g
7 Q3 T F* e' [9 O& {, ZInternational Governmental Action
5 M q; ~1 O* ? 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- C7 `+ {& U t* ^1 R# G% y2 t( X: _9 i 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 N0 B0 ` _) D5 C% B 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
% i# J! f) e$ x* m 154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ u: A4 d3 `; V& ]
155. Withdrawal from international organizations' b- O# l. Z8 L3 ~: `9 P& ~. J, }
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ L/ U# X( ~, R: a ~, Q3 G 157. Expulsion from international organizations$ ~. H7 q! s( d7 B3 n
0 p% G1 k& O, s& d2 h+ B0 e ) X) W0 q' W$ c9 a! N1 T
/ B: }/ z. }' C; ?. U" W s6 L8 nTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 Z7 h; c; _1 X& @
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% z9 T7 D E5 N, Y! s
Psychological Intervention2 V/ L% M1 @9 Q7 ~; x
158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 W8 t- b* s! H 159. The fast# B- x8 q3 N5 t+ C: z. l
a) Fast of moral pressure' o2 |, h( Q0 O% n( \1 x
b) Hunger strike7 W" ^* C* {2 C9 I8 o
c) Satyagrahic fast
4 M4 T' _, q8 n# _; S 160. Reverse trial5 K8 F$ b; V+ n+ {6 R. q$ w
161. Nonviolent harassment- y* Z/ Q C; z( e
0 E' k3 ]7 _* O! p) I- _
Physical Intervention" S5 g- J7 q1 G9 D W1 }/ g
162. Sit-in
# ^$ C& A0 ~3 @9 C0 A- q- ? 163. Stand-in
3 J# A: _: `2 U% e& ~0 ` 164. Ride-in
~: H4 O/ c" \; P+ x! E" P+ B 165. Wade-in
- t. e5 |1 i! x9 \) a 166. Mill-in
* Q% J# G+ b# n# f4 c/ {9 f 167. Pray-in# t, i/ j- V/ y, K! T
168. Nonviolent raids
7 q6 j+ b2 Y6 F1 S' t) U4 X 169. Nonviolent air raids; ?5 t& S% u: k% }5 H" Y
170. Nonviolent invasion8 J2 } ]9 V* N
171. Nonviolent interjection
$ @* e, r7 J1 n/ u& X 172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 E3 q8 z+ @9 X8 b" M3 } 173. Nonviolent occupation
* \* y7 D1 ]8 {8 l3 L* @
6 U8 _$ _" F* H: O7 l; y; M; pSocial Intervention" y d) m7 @! M
174. Establishing new social patterns
0 @1 y( ?, }: U# t0 T% L 175. Overloading of facilities
: T o9 R) L& r# U# J 176. Stall-in
2 L% H3 }5 |0 y0 {6 }! h/ Q 177. Speak-in
+ g$ _0 u8 e4 v% v 178. Guerrilla theater
) z) d& h: ^4 u- `% m* ] 179. Alternative social institutions
% G! O( t& [5 R3 x 180. Alternative communication system) ~) r' a. g& _+ k
# Y# U; H1 H3 \7 J! gEconomic Intervention: l) w1 @$ z/ W9 z
181. Reverse strike
* ]% |+ k, i: c2 |4 Y 182. Stay-in strike: j% s d7 h7 J" L8 g0 B
183. Nonviolent land seizure0 H2 O7 N0 o7 B
184. Defiance of blockades3 D: A7 l4 U% }( }3 n4 n
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- m. D5 W; a* q
186. Preclusive purchasing6 S. Q* X9 e. ]1 M' u
187. Seizure of assets
3 Y" o o& Z( E1 g2 S! V 188. Dumping. Z& }1 t! } F3 B L/ ^/ E6 o
189. Selective patronage
( T+ H& |3 j% ?. O5 x; [6 N 190. Alternative markets/ ]: l4 f8 D( y% K6 W
191. Alternative transportation systems5 } x+ y! a! r1 L4 r0 q
192. Alternative economic institutions
) R2 S* U. w! a' u# A0 a
& J- {; z) e% {2 c9 c Z# _Political Intervention
2 y3 B+ z) l8 N7 t, i' k+ @( [ 193. Overloading of administrative systems7 l3 J; a0 Z1 ~& H! O
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* P( [! S' j/ J; n2 i 195. Seeking imprisonment) `2 M- r7 b8 u) C. C8 q, z* }
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws! K, R: `* W& W) G# Y# V
197. Work-on without collaboration9 p* u, y- F& U4 |
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government3 ^' e. `/ @( F
4 @ D1 A" q" S# }' G' ]+ g' g2 w |
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
