 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION; f( r' `, y7 u' ]9 a" r
Formal Statements
@( G1 t, D; Z/ z4 d* j 1. Public Speeches( M7 W6 I4 r q4 j- m
2. Letters of opposition or support
( f; q# F0 g% l! R2 C. @+ v 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 k: P! V* X9 X! {2 A1 e% F
4. Signed public statements
3 W- C) @- K6 I e; d+ b6 T 5. Declarations of indictment and intention, Z! m7 X% t4 |, ? d* \7 }
6. Group or mass petitions
5 ?: C) f- P+ S# e! z* e+ Q! ?# v% b5 o, d
Communications with a Wider Audience* @0 X- n. Z2 j9 N$ g% C- n6 ]
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' `1 f; ~' ^. X- J+ L 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 o% g- y9 `2 {
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books) \& [. L' z6 @, c4 n
10. Newspapers and journals
9 m Y. J; ? R1 @0 v9 Q& {8 w 11. Records, radio, and television
- f4 P! O% N$ t: S* A' r; O 12. Skywriting and earthwriting% O7 z" k l( n9 f! F( Y' y
: I. R5 k, b& v/ i4 f4 IGroup Representations1 I+ C6 i* n6 [4 d1 O# z
13. Deputations% p5 w- V) x* Z" B/ a5 }
14. Mock awards( O) z* F2 c( I0 V# U" K+ ?
15. Group lobbying
' K7 M$ U) B5 p2 C9 | 16. Picketing3 a0 A7 `. k) I( y
17. Mock elections
# }% _" K# v" L( g$ N4 m6 Z0 y8 V, j; {" L# q7 z) u; V! }/ O3 j
Symbolic Public Acts2 T/ f, b- O7 H' `3 A
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 @) o2 G8 ?$ V5 ]0 ~5 D! z 19. Wearing of symbols* m# E, W( [1 w2 C8 x/ ^$ p
20. Prayer and worship
+ |! n7 S: M& Y! n9 I O 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 w J+ q6 O5 y" {! u/ v 22. Protest disrobings
. x a% u/ M4 G# R. S3 T 23. Destruction of own property
6 c% W4 H0 \! k5 f1 F2 n 24. Symbolic lights
1 R$ ~4 F# y% U9 D% k& R 25. Displays of portraits8 _6 ?6 Y' E3 g) n' O
26. Paint as protest( B* j1 H7 D: W5 n+ L1 \7 e
27. New signs and names4 A6 V c% u) h! @+ A4 ^1 S
28. Symbolic sounds/ X8 W x5 A, q0 U, y
29. Symbolic reclamations
* h5 l$ r( O+ u1 g' g/ v 30. Rude gestures
9 f/ v2 e2 r q9 `
j9 A9 h# N; [+ zPressures on Individuals& ]2 A0 N H1 R
31. “Haunting” officials
! r! S& c4 d1 D9 g; U 32. Taunting officials
' c- W1 `* J }4 Z 33. Fraternization% o* g3 E' i ] ~8 }
34. Vigils1 s5 q* x& E- {( K3 \ Q
5 n* V/ U, ?. E _9 b. ODrama and Music
( v% ]7 \% s! P% T+ [2 G 35. Humorous skits and pranks
4 |+ F9 u0 f" W1 `0 c7 o 36. Performances of plays and music
8 G. G- r# @; D- M9 q 37. Singing
2 `, v1 m7 p3 i9 V- f
( A$ v1 b7 P6 Y8 |/ J7 a7 ?Processions h; R4 e( ^3 Q! P/ z
38. Marches
( P" h U' a7 G+ Z9 ]9 O. ` 39. Parades+ T3 e- S2 v% d! v7 M$ U
40. Religious processions
( a8 o8 n. [4 w 41. Pilgrimages/ s7 |5 f4 w3 r. l0 R, k0 e
42. Motorcades
0 T/ {# v- e$ @0 A$ X7 G2 \/ Y8 ~* b; V
Honoring the Dead. ^- B3 u8 G! \2 Z) u- h
43. Political mourning
' U: m. p3 U# N& L E; r8 l' b 44. Mock funerals( }6 d2 T: m4 b: R( v
45. Demonstrative funerals
. ]9 H1 O" o6 f' j' ]2 i/ L8 F 46. Homage at burial places
E/ J" z9 K: o, ]+ A& Z
9 L n! M% O: O6 K$ @2 PPublic Assemblies
" N1 D/ b' l) K- N 47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 u! F* v* y( {4 Y3 @% d 48. Protest meetings7 d* A3 R' q/ F- \, {5 ?, Z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" p' a" w+ y- ^9 r. {/ T
50. Teach-ins
! {5 { z, m, v+ `: e' A: O& @# n/ z# N( C+ b
Withdrawal and Renunciation
( y; U0 D4 b" x: C6 m 51. Walk-outs
/ t$ P2 ]) i0 W8 J 52. Silence% }' C/ H) M; ?( p
53. Renouncing honors
u: g( @ c+ [$ k 54. Turning one’s back2 r v7 U3 U' i" _* Z
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" K- x' Z" n7 d {! v R8 n$ v* T. ^% q
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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7 ~/ M+ Z+ `' ?1 R4 l
4 m9 k% m. R! E; ^
Ostracism of Persons' y8 V" K9 m# e, f$ F% v: @
55. Social boycott
% w' E) e6 j4 ?6 B2 X( s 56. Selective social boycott7 b7 g7 R7 u% X% {- s! e1 m
57. Lysistratic nonaction
* D" |# A$ q1 f' @* O 58. Excommunication! P: w, |! H9 _8 w9 _4 H! Z
59. Interdict
9 K) g9 P' G7 k+ O; T4 I% a5 ]
/ A" j: Q1 p* P7 I' [) F+ pNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
% X3 X$ ]- Z( i; q7 S# c7 } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities, G/ g. |" V' p6 q1 D
61. Boycott of social affairs- x- v" r2 ?1 ~& A( D# T' }' S
62. Student strike
3 T$ ~( k2 O) E2 P Q% | 63. Social disobedience
! e8 h6 a! e7 a# p 64. Withdrawal from social institutions+ q5 P* x" r7 l$ u$ [
# w" l# Q% H. r1 MWithdrawal from the Social System
T$ `3 l+ B6 a* P5 l) x6 w 65. Stay-at-home
4 G) w$ _' M5 u1 r 66. Total personal noncooperation
" E, R3 S1 G7 X1 b: I8 b 67. “Flight” of workers
( G7 p, o L" A1 n( A4 g7 b 68. Sanctuary6 {0 ]+ j" {7 \- U) N/ I6 H
69. Collective disappearance
8 ]& O* _2 | H* O 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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% Z& n2 S. J/ T+ fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS( B8 O3 @; n0 n4 q8 {$ B
4 T1 h6 x! P# u ^0 j
6 C5 I0 y# L7 aActions by Consumers- o5 W1 l; |# X2 W' p8 ?) e
71. Consumers’ boycott, W) H. c" U& |& c; J+ H( V
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 l" e9 M! P& T+ i/ v. f4 s& \' i9 J 73. Policy of austerity% z- m- Q9 `* G) U9 I$ F! X
74. Rent withholding
& K8 z7 \. Z7 } 75. Refusal to rent% i# A7 x1 [2 R% ^( z3 K# L
76. National consumers’ boycott
/ l$ m9 o# F) f9 a 77. International consumers’ boycott7 C( ~- _! v! X% @0 j
, B# \3 [7 {/ ~: h! ?Action by Workers and Producers
! ~/ U) B6 Q2 D 78. Workmen’s boycott
! ?- o2 ]+ m% R 79. Producers’ boycott7 A6 |- y/ s3 `" w, E
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Action by Middlemen6 Q7 u, o7 P* |" y n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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/ o$ s8 L9 w7 t S2 rAction by Owners and Management8 } w' r5 J9 \8 Y
81. Traders’ boycott
o4 k9 l2 E& P5 m 82. Refusal to let or sell property
' Z* k, T4 U; i$ u: h 83. Lockout
9 X' v& O; N8 a$ g, p7 E 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* c% b. Z7 J, z9 k 85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 Z: E; }0 q' s8 V7 W f
4 Z) D) Y; E6 i* \& t
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
5 M! y% i: X1 R, R: R5 K 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; H% S ]5 h" f6 ], j
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments& e @4 d, e ~2 s8 b3 ~) g
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest% ~% g, Q4 l( ~, L) D
89. Severance of funds and credit0 d% U* P$ C3 e; h6 L- m/ e
90. Revenue refusal
: F9 p) m) t& r7 s6 Y 91. Refusal of a government’s money# J1 T" L- v; y3 e0 C8 x: m
4 P( v' I3 `; ^( w1 E# t8 N" c2 c
Action by Governments
" E( }7 Y) d: w$ Q& T6 q 92. Domestic embargo$ }! t6 w0 M; O! Q# j
93. Blacklisting of traders1 A# {8 T9 b- ?0 f
94. International sellers’ embargo, [# C/ s9 j8 Z2 D% Q
95. International buyers’ embargo2 j6 [6 x# U* W
96. International trade embargo
+ R" d* d7 @ j2 `% J4 j' H" B+ V+ H0 ]/ o# f5 b' V* V
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE! V2 x M, \/ R- q
4 k1 W3 x( |! Y8 y A2 s
2 x/ _# y5 ?6 o
Symbolic Strikes/ o( W- L4 V% x5 C$ C
97. Protest strike
: q O! ~6 [4 f) n0 x3 _2 u 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
m4 V3 P9 V n* ^- H) }3 Z0 b
, _8 I9 ^) b* \7 h4 t% H8 yAgricultural Strikes
0 q# Q2 U* A8 P7 j5 {& r, Y6 h) ^ 99. Peasant strike
' v; c; x" P. R8 `0 d, x* U3 j4 Q 100. Farm Workers’ strike
# M* m6 o& l0 G8 T. m
) S% J9 m2 U8 M; ^Strikes by Special Groups
0 Z! {3 Z+ w+ w& s3 _7 h 101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 g8 b& X2 A/ T5 z$ e6 R9 ] 102. Prisoners’ strike
$ U3 c3 |, W. y 103. Craft strike0 v1 }7 q. P( t) D- {0 e8 r
104. Professional strike1 j* ^5 [8 E+ }; B' e Q* j
# N, g" g. C0 G3 e0 a
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
% {" a1 Q6 V" S, x3 S' r 105. Establishment strike! R! G- C" n, l$ _+ A
106. Industry strike5 G8 o+ l0 m7 h$ t' K* b
107. Sympathetic strike
5 b. C C" [% E ~
: \4 F; z" A2 ^, I7 Q, ^' ?Restricted Strikes+ e% D5 B9 b5 o* v
108. Detailed strike; m3 O4 G6 I+ D7 O6 V: h" A0 h. C$ k
109. Bumper strike8 @! `2 q3 W! u- D3 H
110. Slowdown strike/ N' F Y6 t6 _! E
111. Working-to-rule strike
( [6 N ] e$ ?$ K. u9 T2 u$ e! r 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 H' e0 w) }- W2 y O0 c 113. Strike by resignation
; k/ B9 q$ V% ~. k9 i9 H 114. Limited strike
, |4 O9 K ?' t 115. Selective strike
3 H+ e4 {6 x; b+ p1 ? h/ ~
2 ^( i# o' X7 j; l, G- q$ }Multi-Industry Strikes: F) @5 c0 ] I# O( z9 z1 Y F
0 W2 s2 n1 B, l: H# H0 ^ 116. Generalized strike
& M; Q8 I+ L( h1 w9 T( O. t
1 N I% X5 M' w 117. General strike1 k1 z; j. A1 @9 t
7 t. \& D! e2 r6 n: @) o
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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5 p% U* K$ ?6 \: h$ J7 b 118. Hartal
7 g) F( [5 G; x3 J; r6 H0 }' m, A2 f% u" R: h. |2 ^* W( t
119. Economic shutdown7 [0 B7 m1 b6 D4 @4 O3 w y
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& W3 i. Z2 C: ~1 m! E
' K: X1 F! C7 V* [4 K$ WTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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0 }4 }' l% `; |' X* a! J3 sRejection of Authority% S1 ]5 f* m: J( M+ P6 m
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 Q: e+ t; P3 x1 f; C. R5 w 121. Refusal of public support) U, n! i3 p9 X/ u3 b! ]3 M
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ A+ j; f9 u+ u4 i4 o4 b
0 R+ n! |+ x2 T* t
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" A# [4 r0 m5 a! z3 A( U" i& I5 ] 123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 _. h9 G5 C2 S
124. Boycott of elections
" R ]# s' Z9 Y y" u- L: p g 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 Q7 W( A: N1 U$ i: [ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ ?# s+ N5 w9 V& x
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: Y& G8 A: e; u+ \ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" |2 i& E; b2 n6 K8 C
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: h$ ] `+ n' M1 ]" Y0 I
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 ]) g+ J$ x# l: H2 C- s
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: F" T; B: [% s5 [: `6 q
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
; ?9 t4 _# w q& x+ @% X
: t3 {; X* w9 y' _Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience6 K- ]2 r8 `5 A* `( r$ c
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 z! ~8 C8 t& e' V* X$ G* k& | 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ }8 }9 _! c7 u# ^$ Y0 _ 135. Popular nonobedience Q$ q9 l) V" _% n
136. Disguised disobedience9 e; `6 R) L/ }/ L
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 n0 x& k5 y1 ^* y. S1 Y+ }* w
138. Sitdown
" S: V3 G* n! B; [* r, J/ n 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* Q7 r3 H! Q) H- m8 [0 e
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( t4 T" j$ A. s8 M- f% O9 A 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) k- B0 D- }3 z/ C& V
' s$ c; p! Y+ o6 p) _( \0 x8 P& r: u
Action by Government Personnel
$ A/ J4 l) n( t, J$ z ^ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
|( q) s: N; u( H: s0 q @ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' L$ {# C3 O9 S G9 ?1 t 144. Stalling and obstruction
; o' W/ B! ` r5 s6 d: o' u( [ 145. General administrative noncooperation( q# {' @# k2 q4 U1 [/ P
9 \0 Q5 n3 u1 ] u, l% f C
146. Judicial noncooperation3 \1 ?. P7 S* R6 a. H$ X
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
9 R. V* H/ Y$ \. r( x 148. Mutiny9 i, c0 a3 M9 I2 I; U
Domestic Governmental Action
( I, k8 X1 Y( f) d 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 i8 ^' A# L9 b8 K2 {' x) S4 f
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ h) l$ x; ?/ }& M
3 c1 }3 l: b( Y
International Governmental Action
7 U0 c" C# k' w# O$ n! @/ d 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 }- {# a( Y! d7 h3 ~3 b
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 ~8 l+ k8 W# f& e2 X+ A 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
& Z% C: l; y5 E+ H0 T 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 c+ k1 X* B$ i1 l" u: z# O. i 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
) R, m) i: n. y' e2 R1 p 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 P. F. ]6 A* A# x+ v# q
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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; e; q6 Y$ F3 ?) x6 d: CTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
b" a/ B: j9 q) d8 o# w' M# a' P0 H; }. \: c! Y6 p! s
2 Q+ ~( V# x6 A- MPsychological Intervention
% [4 l2 i( d! \- a9 t7 Y( {, U 158. Self-exposure to the elements# x8 h9 l& K2 b2 X
159. The fast
( A% W! v$ F8 K a) Fast of moral pressure
( T9 Q# f, F# K( g1 }) W. T b) Hunger strike
1 h" i0 f; x* F; K$ h c) Satyagrahic fast
4 g8 A. I% {- a* K0 }9 w 160. Reverse trial* A9 }8 c* @+ c4 r! A- o
161. Nonviolent harassment
{8 m! R+ e/ X3 H# m
. H, O: J5 j- }5 XPhysical Intervention% D3 O1 h! |9 P9 b+ i! k4 r0 w6 M
162. Sit-in; ^6 b' }' ]5 a
163. Stand-in# z* p" d5 Q2 K ^5 K
164. Ride-in. k0 S# o/ C9 W* x( z: u" N t
165. Wade-in
0 B4 [- G; V3 x4 |; n 166. Mill-in
. M% \# A {5 Y$ z7 l 167. Pray-in
* s* ^7 A& j/ y3 D 168. Nonviolent raids
) q7 A a9 G) w; Y$ n 169. Nonviolent air raids) x ]3 k/ A5 B
170. Nonviolent invasion, A9 e# X$ O0 o3 r1 t% |3 b& N
171. Nonviolent interjection
: N- ~6 q: ~& n0 t8 _, k 172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 F- n& m7 e5 B) h; O+ L$ k: c 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention+ [( W, I! f' N, d' Q, D( s
174. Establishing new social patterns
$ X N( [, c6 m$ d1 t 175. Overloading of facilities: O+ M5 H8 B+ D9 h# C& o
176. Stall-in' K( g* ]. u- S, t
177. Speak-in" ]2 w9 _ ^& A3 H0 ^$ r
178. Guerrilla theater
* M2 @5 M/ |% W" \ 179. Alternative social institutions. j+ u3 d* j5 e' [
180. Alternative communication system! m( O7 v0 l+ A
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Economic Intervention
; Z6 f( p2 J; @$ c9 ] 181. Reverse strike
0 H' K7 d+ S) Q E! J1 G# [ 182. Stay-in strike8 X3 ?3 l2 W$ T4 P8 r8 S! j
183. Nonviolent land seizure" i9 w S) \) F# P; Y* J
184. Defiance of blockades
4 c" Q+ j- R ?: l: o 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' A& Z0 \# @! [& Y: k 186. Preclusive purchasing8 J4 d# S- P5 k5 |1 t
187. Seizure of assets w+ _. L. K+ U( D+ _0 r' ^! P
188. Dumping: B) u9 t6 X4 z
189. Selective patronage
* n* _) T% D3 \. o9 A; Q5 K 190. Alternative markets
, K1 [* L6 E! |' P- N 191. Alternative transportation systems! c2 ?4 x9 ]3 U* G( _2 m- `
192. Alternative economic institutions
& E3 r3 U4 F) M# s! y. b9 A+ z* M. s! \2 H
Political Intervention% E& X6 w3 f: Q! B9 S1 U
193. Overloading of administrative systems& G' s' q3 K% v) n) V/ L% Y, O
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 T3 r3 T9 v6 H* _; u" Z 195. Seeking imprisonment, Q+ `1 P) @ B) m0 h1 F1 r/ ]( j
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
`5 e+ d( }7 v7 z1 y+ Z; ? 197. Work-on without collaboration' Q5 u* Q% C1 q: l; Y9 S
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' _+ q6 K9 y1 D
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
