 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: O' O( }% G6 Q m8 {Formal Statements0 ` Y7 k6 Q1 ^% W# e7 m5 f+ j( U
1. Public Speeches
4 T: A' p. w% t 2. Letters of opposition or support7 p. n% h- _& Y/ I: Z/ [) N
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ ?) N5 _( w: z& p; }3 D, N& N3 l 4. Signed public statements
& L( N5 y; K) @3 D 5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ j" A1 k* p0 m& S6 x, }9 P
6. Group or mass petitions8 M0 I" o& b; ]2 \. _7 ?
* N7 q- F9 i$ ^& ^4 x* A. z0 [
Communications with a Wider Audience! N! P% [, s! t. [$ D L
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- o- {( t6 r6 K8 i 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
?9 W* {0 X3 O+ R8 l5 S 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' [2 v! n6 L/ M' [ 10. Newspapers and journals8 u' l: i9 {/ q; a' S! g) T
11. Records, radio, and television- W( w- N% n( W) A* |) \
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- {) T9 k; J- T# S% U% R0 l: t) L5 ^. t8 Z7 B& u! Q- G
Group Representations7 ^) ?- E4 V X
13. Deputations
' S, p% P# d4 N+ H/ G 14. Mock awards
9 a) }: e; J2 r 15. Group lobbying- u- c5 o$ |# \& j; {4 A
16. Picketing* K0 ^% x- i# y3 `/ D8 y
17. Mock elections$ P% V- X1 Q& c
4 j% v9 q% E! }
Symbolic Public Acts+ F# s! p& p! t9 J3 R2 S! V# } ^& T- [
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 ^6 P8 ~- I! f& i 19. Wearing of symbols8 f% l) t! g0 y; Z
20. Prayer and worship# J3 ? t+ |2 [/ w3 L- P. O
21. Delivering symbolic objects* A1 _9 w# M& E" q4 ^9 c$ H$ S
22. Protest disrobings
% o1 j# H+ S; P% q3 M 23. Destruction of own property/ o+ [% r& G. S: W* k3 N
24. Symbolic lights2 o, f5 h3 y6 H6 V% t) u
25. Displays of portraits2 e5 v1 l; m. x* R+ w5 Y0 z, ?
26. Paint as protest
; t8 D { H# H6 g5 F5 E6 Y6 o 27. New signs and names
+ h+ K! t6 {( T 28. Symbolic sounds
, P' A1 ~% h) H- p' I) r9 t- F 29. Symbolic reclamations, V- F4 ]5 C- N+ R8 S
30. Rude gestures, _% Z! M p! X. b- |
( t5 T) D& n! u& |) D5 g. G5 O
Pressures on Individuals- K% l+ v$ q, }* v; b
31. “Haunting” officials1 K# ^) b6 P& W/ S9 {" o3 d; }
32. Taunting officials/ p: V1 x3 | t: g0 K5 d: ?; `
33. Fraternization! m8 I' h( A# \9 w' {( T
34. Vigils
6 Y' D3 s/ ^/ I5 n7 o! w9 A$ g% [' s0 c; K
Drama and Music
@( M# o8 @8 J3 S1 c T/ ^ 35. Humorous skits and pranks# ^3 Z' A6 v. [, M
36. Performances of plays and music
$ Q/ R: s# |3 F9 d( i! F 37. Singing
7 P1 k6 F. j9 V) `& S8 K( c
, K* e4 i6 ^% n1 |( A! r: A; RProcessions
2 E* W8 A% T2 F5 ~7 q4 x 38. Marches
0 K7 ?' d: N' M! I- {" N4 Z 39. Parades
4 A, W- O( C- R, N* o* y 40. Religious processions
/ M2 [$ I5 n2 F; X; c8 {3 u# X+ k 41. Pilgrimages
0 ~" X/ {7 ]& l# C2 F 42. Motorcades
& Y2 B' ~* \) ]6 e
# d! v( \- z, T. u! h) WHonoring the Dead
; Z6 p. d# ]* g/ k4 ]4 P7 F% T6 | 43. Political mourning
. p& }, J, M( J0 N 44. Mock funerals
0 S. ]; X2 [8 T 45. Demonstrative funerals
' T3 M) V- o* W. ~6 a 46. Homage at burial places
, G1 \* k4 U! O0 V, R9 I% |! N+ s1 [0 O
Public Assemblies
; {$ E6 ]# f P8 O0 p 47. Assemblies of protest or support# d: E3 [) l5 P, Q# O$ ^
48. Protest meetings0 l# l8 }( b1 C5 }6 r& h! R
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' s7 r& L4 V: z 50. Teach-ins
1 ~; m# J1 X9 l# O4 b3 n
/ s' c+ U! z- i i1 ^Withdrawal and Renunciation
" x4 R- D2 g9 Z5 U; `8 ~( n 51. Walk-outs
; K H I# b, I: I 52. Silence
+ N6 p+ C, r( y0 o- f% V6 x4 } 53. Renouncing honors9 A# l! y; R# |5 @0 n
54. Turning one’s back
9 f% }" ^" r% E7 e) p ^8 Q- y- @$ m( P/ q9 ~! C
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$ N5 c$ ^( z5 \. A
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 o4 r! n4 {5 b0 |% l" _0 |, U( j$ w# Q5 n9 ~2 f$ C
" G1 f3 p5 @" [* d: a
1 G5 s- {! Z' C; JOstracism of Persons
# Z5 |' ~) w. E3 ? d9 I- O 55. Social boycott) ~3 d( L! c: c
56. Selective social boycott
# c6 o' T0 e6 d }0 ?; F3 | 57. Lysistratic nonaction7 }$ k6 K5 j6 d4 K$ n' g: G- Y! i
58. Excommunication- d) x) W, @6 o6 J
59. Interdict
% x$ c9 P$ T, ]
% n$ U' U' ]0 b( QNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions4 O X7 c/ C7 K4 |$ V$ a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# H/ X8 b& c H; P$ t7 L R* z) I 61. Boycott of social affairs
9 q% N; l" X1 W! t, R/ I 62. Student strike" }( [# X4 M7 R
63. Social disobedience
0 r3 ?, x/ c, ` 64. Withdrawal from social institutions. z% }; _! B6 C& W3 a6 `
P& I% M- y4 y- E8 ` d
Withdrawal from the Social System5 s, x$ L! P I0 _2 k2 p
65. Stay-at-home
T5 \ e( d# y7 p3 ~; D* z* o 66. Total personal noncooperation
$ ~0 ~9 p) w) Q; S7 g4 y 67. “Flight” of workers4 {0 M0 `0 m% I) g# U# g8 U
68. Sanctuary
; X$ Y" M3 W# Q+ [ 69. Collective disappearance- {8 V9 O1 A6 C' b$ Q" u+ ~
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)1 w2 X o! z& P7 s
2 O" |) H# f' n
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$ _$ v/ u. c! E* G2 Z2 _( D+ zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 p3 ~9 U5 [1 @1 G
, B' v8 H# x7 S) D: Q) ` ( z. H5 u( C# |" u6 n. E8 v
Actions by Consumers
8 J6 w9 ^' R" X 71. Consumers’ boycott4 Y6 o+ B+ W0 ~$ E4 A- T9 q
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
" g2 |. ]6 [8 z 73. Policy of austerity u3 d A) Y+ Z# w$ Q/ C7 ~
74. Rent withholding& q5 R9 e9 J5 y6 x8 R
75. Refusal to rent
- s7 N( g. z7 E | 76. National consumers’ boycott! Y( }0 @2 _. B
77. International consumers’ boycott
. z; h0 o: @% i% C' d" T+ O7 S' c3 `5 g! j
Action by Workers and Producers6 r8 k5 h. R8 B6 }
78. Workmen’s boycott
; [' V K* g+ y 79. Producers’ boycott& s% c. M, ? i5 \/ P9 t# v& {* L
l) `4 I0 k. h9 }5 gAction by Middlemen' t y6 k$ k' L$ x
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott' Y8 ]: G5 ? A% E1 o
' h+ k4 A4 t0 X& h. ]2 x$ L6 y) x& [Action by Owners and Management8 o8 h0 P# ~" C' [7 Q' {* r
81. Traders’ boycott. E! A. m/ g5 d1 H
82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ q( h3 c5 `4 P3 _1 F# H' M 83. Lockout L( E/ |8 n3 Z3 D
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ Q9 Z/ \1 {7 R0 p8 R- Y2 V$ |' O 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ z# E& b5 ~5 x) L/ a N o+ {, ]( E1 v* W
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
! ^6 y+ e) X7 `; f 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits9 d! e; H. C8 v' k; x
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' @! Q" j' m& m; r
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 D6 v- Q& e2 [: N; k0 S; o
89. Severance of funds and credit+ E; J) }9 u! `6 P) w7 o2 L- b5 L
90. Revenue refusal
: n8 T! Z5 h Y4 v, E8 I$ l' T6 y0 p 91. Refusal of a government’s money K/ G! e5 \" ~5 N) p
2 `9 j# [2 M9 k4 Y0 r
Action by Governments
" S. E4 h# ^$ N" z c 92. Domestic embargo0 p" c* J& S9 }' R$ \
93. Blacklisting of traders1 p: G0 L2 U& w6 L
94. International sellers’ embargo
% |) y; l1 M, u8 l0 V 95. International buyers’ embargo
0 e" g, Q, U8 L& x) e 96. International trade embargo5 _* C* A7 J) p J& f) J+ `
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/ v: Q7 `5 R) a5 V; Z, kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
. _- a! c# j5 s4 x3 U8 n. W* W9 H0 y" W$ G: H8 Q0 G9 J) a! w
' Z' F. T4 V; z4 Y+ o8 u1 w
Symbolic Strikes! c4 x* W# A' u, o) V
97. Protest strike
6 y" Z( c N ~' Y; R 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# }7 ^6 o6 p; Q2 E# n5 }
4 W8 w; I5 g1 R- w' QAgricultural Strikes
6 Y$ S% a; x: p( M 99. Peasant strike
3 c: n- I( V& [. Q 100. Farm Workers’ strike
% t0 e$ Y, Y$ k, e2 v# B
$ @1 g; X7 c5 v8 }/ ?8 w dStrikes by Special Groups7 N! ~* }- D! n5 j3 O* z3 S
101. Refusal of impressed labor
- \ E' A3 q+ v 102. Prisoners’ strike
! h [0 ^" a4 o& S 103. Craft strike
- I/ i' F$ D/ [6 r2 G 104. Professional strike) ~& T# |1 T8 b% A
# T% F: N Z5 [1 |: S
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
2 ]" E4 m2 F( u( y8 R 105. Establishment strike
" M. v: Y3 f; |3 Q" y! q6 v 106. Industry strike2 w: d! B* n7 |7 N5 p7 _9 O
107. Sympathetic strike
; U4 i# w0 f/ l/ I( e8 j. \
' C& g% U6 E. A4 Q. d) `! hRestricted Strikes8 x1 E+ a: C+ Z! S a
108. Detailed strike) j4 M. \0 A, Z6 g: S+ G" P" a
109. Bumper strike) Q, O5 G% c6 @: Z
110. Slowdown strike
. a+ U# `& o( ~. d 111. Working-to-rule strike" F3 Y( W7 R0 x, u, t. \
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 K3 G/ n% O7 F. W7 m 113. Strike by resignation( x6 X6 T0 A/ z1 Z- |+ [- d
114. Limited strike
8 T+ ^" p, u+ A d3 M1 G 115. Selective strike* N) v1 E& t) h! G3 s% ?
3 C7 _ z* `! F+ pMulti-Industry Strikes
: V( U% a7 n# h: z- @! a5 I- |, m1 \5 K( ^
116. Generalized strike' h& @5 t z2 f$ L: F
0 C7 r' R3 H% S& M# `& X) J: X; b7 C; Y
117. General strike& r5 C0 L# F5 G1 ^; Y: g& Q4 |* e0 x, N
" h: R' m6 a* o# BCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
4 O4 x8 _1 v4 n( w5 n3 x5 ~' K& U+ r p; n% d9 K- B
118. Hartal8 a6 R& Q3 ]& |% p5 l1 T6 d
5 r3 U( s$ t; A
119. Economic shutdown
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+ y9 p G3 ]0 X, M( g/ J1 B3 M
8 e% d$ ?6 w6 \' ATHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority7 F" @/ M/ d& r2 D, [; j
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ W' V, h$ K8 u
121. Refusal of public support
/ [( u8 U( x1 ~% V0 Q: [8 f0 H1 t 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 U0 N" ?4 \; }( X' \, b& M
3 [+ W% [# x( R5 B6 M7 m
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) X& E H R" i M2 A/ F; e4 o, f 123. Boycott of legislative bodies* o% U/ R$ H$ G L5 O
124. Boycott of elections
: J Q6 ]$ d1 R7 b3 J9 ] 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ Z$ o" t( Z6 L( K
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) v" _+ R8 e9 w0 S
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions/ ^0 c4 ]) o! r i& i
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations3 o0 A' \* Z* P+ I3 o
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, ~" L' w* |- N% s8 e* n1 b# M
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! M- Q; Z2 B# {9 {* ~ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# |- Q1 Q0 c9 _1 L$ [
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ O+ ` _( k- o+ i% l
0 j* {/ \% L% }6 iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! z+ ?- g* D+ Y1 P 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
3 t6 M. B! V" Q! B+ a 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
! n& y, @# R W% H 135. Popular nonobedience3 O; p! J2 `- v) Y
136. Disguised disobedience3 Q F& c) p/ g" V" B$ E4 N
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% }. z' C! Z% C! {; B; a
138. Sitdown: E& j/ O) Z( S
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; }1 F. w/ Y- V/ [
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ T( q" W; k4 Y0 Z7 c! L 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws4 r0 ?& z3 }6 [- u
. f0 ~" j0 U. I( |& e$ ~6 N0 b
Action by Government Personnel
+ s5 `1 B9 m& c! s: \8 I4 j 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 h9 ~ K0 Q9 A# z' z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
e* {' Z- o# D3 Z- g! n2 d2 h+ C 144. Stalling and obstruction
' j* j4 \3 m& G. v8 w& Y 145. General administrative noncooperation2 I4 T, A; h0 L" z- s
; o+ ?% P2 n; U6 I8 \: v7 e1 {# U
146. Judicial noncooperation
( Y5 ]4 W1 g5 c 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents d) s M. k1 L& i2 ]/ V
148. Mutiny
- Y5 B) C' C9 X# dDomestic Governmental Action
! n- B, I+ y3 M" ]8 ~ e$ a 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays2 I4 @, ?# @/ ~: L$ E A# n( B, {
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# D, k; a8 K; T) C! L4 x( q3 s! h0 J |0 ?5 v3 Z. A
International Governmental Action* w& y* @* L5 E
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ E$ ^3 Z( A {$ z: x/ { U 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 g! l& [2 T- S- S+ l- ? 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 x$ F# O6 K y1 L
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
P+ r8 A' @( w0 w! ?% L 155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 ~& D$ `3 h( y; s' g
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) S9 R$ [0 |: N& v- K3 x7 r n2 T 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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2 ?# e. q' a' P z, m 8 J" E( d, F- w+ c' v$ n. q
5 B# r( E0 ?; G3 T
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
3 ]# ^' u T4 W/ P1 r* ~' M/ M/ A( H, w2 F$ Z) [
. d" e4 d. n, C5 m7 l4 j3 a1 ~
Psychological Intervention( b0 E" w6 U% n P( y
158. Self-exposure to the elements
0 r! o6 U) X3 k. d" E+ X8 E 159. The fast V5 l' r1 B4 A0 |
a) Fast of moral pressure
5 {* |3 D) p+ h5 e: f6 M7 q: j1 S b) Hunger strike
- r1 u# `6 |* R* c$ v c) Satyagrahic fast
$ W* q( c5 _) c6 p, s 160. Reverse trial
; o9 G4 T5 n7 ]! f' C5 O 161. Nonviolent harassment
+ ?4 `7 O7 @6 T2 O( ~& Q1 E2 r
! K4 h4 v2 Q) p Z' A$ t' qPhysical Intervention# ?: O9 P1 [' q
162. Sit-in5 f% U/ L% F9 `* J7 M( p
163. Stand-in
5 t1 C' d! r0 H# m% X+ ~$ n8 V 164. Ride-in. L, H( r) R$ e j
165. Wade-in
- d7 D: V. v" O4 X9 @" L; M+ E 166. Mill-in) G1 V* G _5 n
167. Pray-in/ s% k: }, O4 W4 ]; h
168. Nonviolent raids/ J7 }0 R* a' l+ g
169. Nonviolent air raids
; c* \% j" E# D% f 170. Nonviolent invasion( g( |3 i7 G5 i/ ~
171. Nonviolent interjection
6 b3 _; y& N% @4 [* Q, k 172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 b: Y h& T* e2 w6 B8 R1 D) O# ^1 e 173. Nonviolent occupation4 f* y9 N, P7 y- d/ h
& M+ n7 }% P! U8 {4 aSocial Intervention
K" T8 f" E. W4 R6 c! K+ Y 174. Establishing new social patterns7 B7 Z+ E$ [, A g4 A
175. Overloading of facilities" o' R2 E9 }# O0 R8 `( H1 R
176. Stall-in
9 D# S- M6 Q k% O) a) e; e; [# Y4 y( a 177. Speak-in
+ X& J. r( {' n* |- {1 V4 ~ 178. Guerrilla theater) ~6 I! G; G+ c6 W; e4 U! B
179. Alternative social institutions
3 B' {1 ~. m' R9 w: n' ~# j 180. Alternative communication system
0 W7 x* K) p8 O4 h
3 i7 r% W) e; A9 N) U3 b4 `0 U3 fEconomic Intervention) k/ X5 y# Q8 f( U, A( P' h6 b
181. Reverse strike
# A6 m( W! p' b) }: ]; d 182. Stay-in strike# f# B- G( q( W* h& Y0 H
183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 T! B5 e5 x! i 184. Defiance of blockades( o6 e- \. H- E: ]
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
$ n& N8 V" Z! X c* g2 r7 p7 n 186. Preclusive purchasing* {2 {% Z' m, i0 v+ u
187. Seizure of assets
/ x7 j- ^( p) r# W b/ S! Z% | 188. Dumping
3 O2 T4 Q3 R/ r" ~9 j 189. Selective patronage- B! c6 a; k' V2 a/ J
190. Alternative markets
. j) t7 ?0 [4 C8 } 191. Alternative transportation systems
" P* i8 f( [5 K4 o* | 192. Alternative economic institutions
' }$ Z H l( T& }5 H. @0 X6 k$ |& B
Political Intervention
O" _' m/ ~. e$ I5 b, o 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) M8 G# D0 h4 n2 B7 ` h/ W 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 c5 M Q/ a) i) K, y k
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 f! l, i% I' b! ` 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 G: m! @5 V6 ^5 e4 h
197. Work-on without collaboration
) T3 X8 J2 T$ s# R2 X 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
