 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- B* r7 l: r) |& k) |! bFormal Statements- p& j! l6 m1 i' d$ D5 e* l7 d
1. Public Speeches
f; G5 u; F7 G1 p+ | 2. Letters of opposition or support- B( t- O5 j) [. j* X+ ~" N' q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 ~ p9 b8 z* |4 [& Q% O# e
4. Signed public statements
~3 j5 g3 h4 y6 [- x 5. Declarations of indictment and intention( G' l& [& _4 s) s: B i
6. Group or mass petitions
( V- Y R9 k0 |/ I7 j! D- k4 {/ ~; p& c" j, B; W3 r5 B7 o2 q
Communications with a Wider Audience
/ V. }6 v& ]5 z" \4 C6 R; G J 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
3 i0 D8 n2 B& i! M! D. k1 W 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' |1 U! I, l/ N* h 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( [8 Z2 c7 P: f- X) p% m
10. Newspapers and journals7 H3 ]5 M4 N* H/ [( u" V& ?- h) ~; o
11. Records, radio, and television
5 o# C$ I/ @2 s( H+ s! g- Y0 k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 I$ j$ N$ E0 ~9 c- d* |* w7 ]" q5 p
Group Representations
& q- I9 G' H, N' V! d 13. Deputations
# t+ Z6 A4 P6 T- L$ o 14. Mock awards( ?* ^: `. O) t* M
15. Group lobbying& G" V& c* S8 ~# N9 y7 g( L; U
16. Picketing
6 |! d$ |, s8 v- A( H 17. Mock elections# k( P$ L" Q o4 P7 }: ]
6 R o g6 M, O/ a2 [Symbolic Public Acts( h9 I, c! z& v* s' ~( ] p
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ C1 ~, h; I+ t: l
19. Wearing of symbols+ p+ [- D' j8 w
20. Prayer and worship
) @# @7 V) a! d 21. Delivering symbolic objects: S. }# W# F" \" @3 @: @% z6 \3 f& P
22. Protest disrobings
2 R; Z: k; E5 |4 c' t) x 23. Destruction of own property
) u S( r2 |* ?3 w/ S, g 24. Symbolic lights
( d# N! T* R: A# S5 W3 ` 25. Displays of portraits
7 v; M' w% K* x4 _* ]" U6 | 26. Paint as protest( D m/ X3 g, E D h1 v
27. New signs and names
! K& c" c8 A7 w 28. Symbolic sounds
" [+ {. I# Q/ c e 29. Symbolic reclamations
; g/ I: Z& }' \$ @ 30. Rude gestures
5 F _1 c6 w g' W- N3 l! c5 z2 b
Pressures on Individuals
& F$ s' E* e8 R- X 31. “Haunting” officials
0 `- r* ? K) y* b 32. Taunting officials: N( X. T9 q" }8 r
33. Fraternization
# z; Y; }0 a8 `( \0 n- A P 34. Vigils
0 q( P4 E. {. ?$ ~; k, c/ Q/ \7 J$ Q8 D+ n. e$ \
Drama and Music
F, {. p, M7 h. K1 _4 @ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 q$ s. ^& |; \: f( a. {7 ~; y 36. Performances of plays and music+ {2 \# U* {1 Q/ w4 U/ E2 ^3 T
37. Singing- w$ e$ a f1 f8 @1 G, S. {* }$ ~
7 {( s2 N, R; B, B! @: R$ L0 BProcessions2 L5 G; d0 m6 [( o
38. Marches4 E! c( f" f9 {( q2 ^6 ]5 X
39. Parades- R! ]; V8 c: o3 H/ d: b& z' l
40. Religious processions3 G/ f6 F0 x. j0 d9 m' Q+ w1 i
41. Pilgrimages8 i7 ~# N; `6 U7 x3 H
42. Motorcades
6 h6 V: q1 K( p" ^1 \% m( G3 ~5 H. w5 H; l8 L; w9 q& m
Honoring the Dead7 ]/ a1 u. @) ?9 i+ k0 h, N4 H
43. Political mourning. {: _- o& O; t# {
44. Mock funerals
4 }# b) t1 g4 I- @' w, H0 T" Y 45. Demonstrative funerals4 d4 j e/ X9 { `& Y
46. Homage at burial places- E) x m/ O3 R+ Y3 S. u
: h, U6 L( Z4 Z* N& I, I
Public Assemblies
3 a8 O& K1 C7 f$ P2 ?6 ] 47. Assemblies of protest or support( z2 Z/ D( ]. a( \# a! c* {
48. Protest meetings9 H; U6 ?/ F0 D# |0 \; w. I9 b
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 r5 ?( U! T# f6 v5 O2 @( L2 P; U% L
50. Teach-ins; t! l( G% t; m% p9 V- i8 x5 X5 \ o
5 V0 {! d* x% O& V1 w$ m \Withdrawal and Renunciation
/ A- c1 T1 K; H3 y7 F 51. Walk-outs) Z0 m( v" V2 I+ k) g7 n
52. Silence
' r3 t$ i. h& T/ ? 53. Renouncing honors2 `# e- Y6 }: \& F6 }
54. Turning one’s back
9 Z! ] N4 h2 o. K4 S
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* R. B, g3 x! K+ l) @- ~THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ m+ V' I/ S: P- C& o3 i& r' @6 b: z4 N5 U4 v% _& a* w5 Z
- U% I5 |5 W( y7 u
6 [" ?+ l1 x$ J7 J# |Ostracism of Persons. [ D, W' I+ i, q' C
55. Social boycott: I8 q3 h3 v6 O, F; k6 c
56. Selective social boycott
& Y5 @, U9 u6 u7 y 57. Lysistratic nonaction$ T: ~& F: ~/ d0 O' O a
58. Excommunication
/ R* ?7 }. @" C" i 59. Interdict( j) Z- Y+ X' S: N7 t% m
: {$ y6 I9 O \9 ~/ j
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
8 y$ D; `" w I; @8 }' D 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- ~: Q5 i( V. S. G& o- R' s 61. Boycott of social affairs3 W: c& z# q' N: V' [7 X2 e6 ~! ^/ V
62. Student strike; Q/ w( K- [7 o+ E
63. Social disobedience
* a' @4 H' I* j0 W( [: I* B5 E4 } 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 `5 q$ P. v& q% u: J
# O5 ?# g) d( L L1 C( U, OWithdrawal from the Social System
/ m8 \' k; I- Y+ r2 s 65. Stay-at-home) t& ^1 Y' O: ^- D( u/ c
66. Total personal noncooperation+ x7 T* o; U; B/ U6 v: z' x
67. “Flight” of workers
( x$ b; w" N5 B6 e0 c. ?+ x 68. Sanctuary n0 B8 Q; f% C7 M. v
69. Collective disappearance
0 o& z Y$ |$ t' [ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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1 d, G l' h1 s7 l# z / v4 w( {! K) B' N) ]) w
5 Z4 O3 q( z7 T7 nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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1 X; J6 l( {' g( I# D3 V/ W
2 H8 P0 \5 P! m/ M& V9 f' o4 i# }Actions by Consumers2 D: P: T% S4 i) \" w' U9 W
71. Consumers’ boycott! w8 [$ J& @$ q" k
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 @) e( S* Z9 i( p& P- d1 v 73. Policy of austerity! ^+ |' `0 L$ r; m, p) q5 E
74. Rent withholding
6 y/ [2 Y+ p# {; \ 75. Refusal to rent1 M3 U+ Y4 Y# d& q- M- E
76. National consumers’ boycott
9 _4 U7 g: _9 Q0 L4 b+ \1 P- E 77. International consumers’ boycott
+ @5 t& r1 L, M0 y4 w/ O. H! }5 q) U. B+ X+ X8 K! Q
Action by Workers and Producers
/ J- b9 ]9 t, b4 r 78. Workmen’s boycott" }) s' ]% I/ R* i
79. Producers’ boycott
; H) [% f, v, W
8 ]$ [4 E6 D5 s7 r5 m, n3 vAction by Middlemen
, z' i2 w# J7 j# b& A2 W( i. ~ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ ^" O. V. a+ r$ m+ u h. }) Z7 h% W" P' E) c7 l0 I+ J2 E
Action by Owners and Management
. T3 f, \1 H) a/ u 81. Traders’ boycott
8 p* G& R( @" F) w' s# L& R 82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ e1 L0 p8 N. \$ A- i4 d 83. Lockout. F9 F6 ^" P$ u5 a
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 Z8 l& Y: e' H! } b2 x* _* o. M 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 V! Z2 m6 P+ _4 s* c+ {/ G' m9 c/ F- X8 k' H
Action by Holders of Financial Resources, P/ F( q( u( k' g1 S
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ [. a# g. a& g6 C9 Y
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( A1 a/ Y1 v( G( [7 l7 F 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
' y* d- B0 I7 [1 @$ h9 Q 89. Severance of funds and credit! [% n1 C [6 G0 H- k' i
90. Revenue refusal
1 o6 e8 E/ U% q7 V4 C0 M 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments' T2 ~9 m; [4 p0 j0 W. D
92. Domestic embargo
9 t3 N$ K3 e& \- t2 G2 S- D/ T 93. Blacklisting of traders
2 a+ b$ m% D8 M+ [) A" |5 {/ { 94. International sellers’ embargo
# J1 Z9 D% l& e1 O& m( {# t 95. International buyers’ embargo
- @% W1 s" I( ~+ |6 m% L/ @ 96. International trade embargo
! d: w1 u; C; @( @+ c# f
" y# K7 ~, @8 f+ k* ` - o# d: s7 b7 i7 o0 E9 |% B1 d
5 j4 D; [7 {) b9 h8 e+ J0 [THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 a- q [! d3 g g6 }% p. b0 Q' I
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' _& S( j2 r" q# mSymbolic Strikes
( e2 z" t% S3 y, N 97. Protest strike
2 g( x+ `3 @: P4 s6 A1 ?2 ]2 w; W 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, Y0 {9 o4 W5 @
# i' I" e9 h* w( Q8 O' X7 wAgricultural Strikes
6 E& |1 p; S7 W: Z3 M7 U# V 99. Peasant strike1 n3 \7 n8 `0 S7 N& x# D( b
100. Farm Workers’ strike5 @8 F/ r2 ~8 R: l, J. I0 p
8 h; b, c! }4 r$ {' N6 uStrikes by Special Groups
/ F; [& a+ l' Y2 M- Y 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 D* }2 e) w) Y) {8 }, ^ 102. Prisoners’ strike! \; t* Y) y2 \" P& U: V( y+ }
103. Craft strike
5 Z p3 ]3 t5 [( K. a9 T$ c 104. Professional strike) H/ N. Y) a8 \. Q. [+ n
7 f3 v& [0 s' m. C8 V: }8 A% ?
Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ o) X- s! B5 w+ g6 n( H
105. Establishment strike% h; ` ?+ `9 H$ J5 r, ~- i
106. Industry strike
[7 ~) [! T6 W( s9 A 107. Sympathetic strike
% ?( Z5 e( u; K1 v- H- W
2 S1 u! x; W& E* j' r( TRestricted Strikes
/ V: \% Q. H5 I. I) w. r 108. Detailed strike6 c! S- n1 g% g3 x( {. z* a
109. Bumper strike; |- e% P' d+ W9 H. h$ ]9 W
110. Slowdown strike; s6 ~; v N2 K" y1 r+ U, l
111. Working-to-rule strike" |6 j! v; m" x& r* |# r
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); b6 _/ r- V# ]1 W0 l* {
113. Strike by resignation
2 P3 L2 K' i8 M9 P2 S 114. Limited strike5 H/ {; ^7 i& u, q/ N0 h
115. Selective strike
& N' @5 R( |, u# U3 j# b+ C( ^, Q {' o. t5 C
Multi-Industry Strikes
8 p( R3 U0 I2 c3 X+ g+ c) {2 @5 G
5 e7 D, S3 v& ?0 B+ b8 J# C6 e 116. Generalized strike1 I- W' ~% R& v5 V T/ E7 i+ ?% q
; \1 j' g/ N0 `+ v! I
117. General strike
9 `" L3 I6 S2 ~4 S/ C6 E" e! ^1 g8 a7 g- Q. w3 ?1 r/ J( J$ J
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 S! E3 z; ~& _% ^2 Y7 D+ i
5 Z6 C% @8 O( \3 P( w1 D- h6 G 118. Hartal+ k5 b0 ?4 u4 M4 o3 K. R
% V2 f% x- E2 b) ]) O/ B
119. Economic shutdown
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+ {# o% R9 ]$ u7 G3 b" L& }! F3 W/ J4 {- @6 [
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
9 p2 \3 m* T7 ?4 \ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 ~& w. h* W0 Z" K% ^/ M' X 121. Refusal of public support
0 z9 R. o! Y0 N" j9 o8 L 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 m! v* ^8 v: T2 A/ p5 W+ m5 A5 Y/ E7 F- `% y0 S. o
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" m' I+ h# d& I1 s9 l& |' |! |; q 123. Boycott of legislative bodies! w' ?/ {! p2 |7 x
124. Boycott of elections( C$ E+ [* Y, I" q4 x! K' x
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 @7 B" e8 S* J, _" G. p% r3 U 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
s V( _0 Q' }- U& ?: L" C+ ` 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions' B$ z. |: J# B" m7 Q$ k
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
# j- R* u6 k9 L0 z2 B R 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% l# S [1 f0 ^$ @ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
) {4 n r8 f& X8 x$ d 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 Y. P3 a3 g7 X$ w* v1 |
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions& o+ ?; T7 V% t6 I7 A+ i
% l, |! A* c- cCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience; t8 O9 M( t g3 g5 m9 V8 u# Q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 \- N6 v, M T) }/ R 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
+ M0 f5 \5 ~. g4 n# I h8 d1 } 135. Popular nonobedience# r1 z% M: @7 ^2 i3 A% r
136. Disguised disobedience0 ?# Y* z7 b7 f+ q2 ]
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: g% j* |# J' D* @3 G: Z 138. Sitdown
9 @" ~! C' i3 a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 a( k1 Q( s% ]3 X" Y6 P 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
- z5 { b# V M+ H& ?! I: n 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws$ q6 K8 q/ _( \( S5 Q# }
2 w9 Q7 A6 L( ] j2 V. ?Action by Government Personnel: [* T+ P3 l" \4 ]0 d @8 j
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
6 {7 z# Y9 v8 g; p 143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 B" o4 I; r1 X2 B! `: i
144. Stalling and obstruction
( t9 a9 f4 @% d0 V0 v 145. General administrative noncooperation7 |. w3 M* ~6 ]. |# x$ W
; @" ?! r+ p3 u
146. Judicial noncooperation2 _6 d/ K" d, R! @- n R) [
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( @8 b% d* Z, z5 Y3 ?
148. Mutiny
, _' Y& a5 b: g0 l( q& w- x: KDomestic Governmental Action
+ v- K. j, } T" B& f" i& ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' O: a9 P& g% d 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; X5 R2 b f9 W+ C
" N9 a/ C* m( f- V0 N+ oInternational Governmental Action
5 S; M' e/ z8 W; v+ _, r, v! G0 H 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ b& d S8 K. M& ~% q! b r 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( v, {. B( R0 x5 i C7 U* |: R 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
) v' i& y! z/ m# K* N 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ ?. y" {" I7 e5 D9 y# l' U 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 D4 M. h5 O9 L- n! e6 g" `
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 L! R+ p: Y5 x, ^ 157. Expulsion from international organizations2 V& `, I4 q: y5 q! O+ U* i
3 K1 T* o* ~- Y$ H$ N 9 s1 q* l2 q1 m8 }- E" n3 `
+ e: n* b6 L4 z- ETHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. q; s, k- [ q+ m$ W
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9 y ^( B5 E [# g9 W- k1 Z/ S6 BPsychological Intervention
1 w0 y- r- f b 158. Self-exposure to the elements
, Q# D1 n+ J I! F 159. The fast
/ E' j3 V C3 E _ W) c3 m a) Fast of moral pressure! [/ c2 K3 @9 _; o2 C# w
b) Hunger strike1 M% d) J3 ?# z" M& V; a
c) Satyagrahic fast7 f% V. {7 z- ?& C
160. Reverse trial' L8 P1 {: ], j' ?
161. Nonviolent harassment
, x' C6 `" ]' n& r& D- g L( U. {
Physical Intervention
* c1 J# a% R u S# H 162. Sit-in1 d5 {9 j n3 G0 d0 `8 R- p
163. Stand-in
/ z- o p+ e# s 164. Ride-in! u0 B0 D. O U- B
165. Wade-in
8 x+ q: @5 y, r9 R 166. Mill-in. Y' `1 m) f3 R. p
167. Pray-in
2 e# k( h8 u) o) c: L2 O/ `& @ 168. Nonviolent raids
! n- g3 q6 N* p( E. l/ B 169. Nonviolent air raids3 L- x2 Y, A8 u
170. Nonviolent invasion# _. h* [, S8 z$ E% G( u
171. Nonviolent interjection
3 d$ A6 z$ t$ q$ x1 f8 Y u 172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 ~* c, @3 i1 F8 w- p 173. Nonviolent occupation! S! p! |9 n% ?. T
' z2 `9 U1 @0 q5 E; |# A
Social Intervention
. x2 Y8 y* W, o( t: H/ L9 ~8 p 174. Establishing new social patterns
6 W. d8 R, |0 s4 F8 D7 z 175. Overloading of facilities- T* c, x, u! n U
176. Stall-in+ A+ D' S) y$ Z/ T; Z7 k
177. Speak-in' e! q8 L% T, ^* f0 D& |/ H1 K# ?, q
178. Guerrilla theater
0 C1 k6 o) v9 H 179. Alternative social institutions3 ?6 F) h# G1 F$ ^& i7 U
180. Alternative communication system3 a d9 e$ q" s" M
$ c9 [) J! g! |Economic Intervention, l% G& \ s0 ~9 C$ Q
181. Reverse strike& w: [) N9 ^# C8 O
182. Stay-in strike
$ T- }$ M$ E( y$ @2 b0 g9 j; A9 L 183. Nonviolent land seizure
3 q* ]. M8 [3 ?: r" t# k 184. Defiance of blockades
- a+ J- B% Q# C# w5 U T; Y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 }8 P, A' N( y/ T! f 186. Preclusive purchasing' E: u' A' l( P- C
187. Seizure of assets
a8 i9 m' s, B# W0 f$ I 188. Dumping4 b) q& l& \8 d6 f/ C' V
189. Selective patronage' ?3 P9 y6 C$ K) F% k( N
190. Alternative markets
; l) R/ |* w7 f3 w! e 191. Alternative transportation systems2 \. _5 Y6 u! I% y3 B
192. Alternative economic institutions) V% U4 a E/ N( O7 v
) c& T7 P/ M7 K: \ M' c$ ?Political Intervention' s1 f- U; D% L3 s+ o
193. Overloading of administrative systems! y& i9 n9 m/ x1 T2 L5 @! ~9 W
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 w: ^& Z b5 T 195. Seeking imprisonment
9 ~# {7 U0 h4 z/ j2 y& y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
$ y6 Q' w4 b2 u; F 197. Work-on without collaboration
' z7 K4 W% N# z# k { 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government9 S1 P& N7 A4 C1 E: F
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
