 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
: j+ H- T/ A7 b+ WFormal Statements
; A0 Y W# y4 @; w! S: L 1. Public Speeches
5 u! `/ Y. G& ]" q4 V5 Z 2. Letters of opposition or support% h; D3 ^% c6 O1 y! F g
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. w5 ^% ]7 M* T
4. Signed public statements
5 M$ i/ X$ o- Y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention! a" U4 V$ e; K, l+ h8 a& ~" B& l- F
6. Group or mass petitions
: z7 v% m, F2 `- T% R! {7 Z+ g/ o( X% M, u% J# {2 B4 ]
Communications with a Wider Audience
i A8 ` o6 i4 U 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols% l& z" m7 L# l7 `
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 T6 J( |5 j( |8 P$ J$ A" s+ J
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* p& D2 s" n# w* i% F8 `
10. Newspapers and journals& L E" B5 s9 H. e0 S; z- |8 }
11. Records, radio, and television. K# V% B3 v; B% Z4 ]9 A1 R
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. s; t3 u i* m( b* ]* q
2 T$ ?0 G! E4 f) S" q' \. n0 lGroup Representations
' h* M; c8 I+ t2 l6 E0 a 13. Deputations! o- i# o$ c6 v9 W7 q
14. Mock awards
/ g3 F" u! \2 f( x4 ~0 Y7 P; n 15. Group lobbying
" E2 A6 B/ U/ l" p& s* P# X 16. Picketing
G% d8 @/ a3 K+ e6 o 17. Mock elections: Q% m2 i* ^# K- k# m2 `9 a
: {7 }0 _ r0 H9 n6 k
Symbolic Public Acts! E- k& o% F4 L
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
N8 b8 ]& o6 U. i) M7 M$ C 19. Wearing of symbols9 ?' u6 } X; ]! E- l
20. Prayer and worship
: F9 U0 R$ r4 B4 @( M9 S 21. Delivering symbolic objects Q" R4 D; n5 L) G; ?" T2 |0 J3 W
22. Protest disrobings
/ m" h7 s8 A# i 23. Destruction of own property
2 @8 f. x+ d/ d+ V 24. Symbolic lights
9 T% `' g7 k- A 25. Displays of portraits
/ d' Y. z F5 a7 |* N+ {% N 26. Paint as protest
6 N3 G" U+ \/ W3 G9 [4 B* a; u 27. New signs and names& V$ f* V" U+ f, x$ d6 r) _( [
28. Symbolic sounds
0 k* Y* \7 @- r0 M$ v 29. Symbolic reclamations4 y( S* G: V7 m
30. Rude gestures( I4 J9 G: R( x2 E/ M5 U. {* P2 v' G
, l5 ^; U, @) f, C
Pressures on Individuals+ `5 x5 F. Q/ c4 c7 X/ `; D
31. “Haunting” officials9 S+ C$ y8 O& R" m
32. Taunting officials
) [% j/ y9 J8 J, | 33. Fraternization
/ H% R+ V& U5 B# A) K: {: o+ b 34. Vigils
2 e6 D/ t* l* Z' @, E8 r0 X% D4 v' H! ~( f$ _& Z& [( e
Drama and Music
) f( y) q/ m& {+ K 35. Humorous skits and pranks
7 `% H& }# h' N9 e1 ^/ f* f 36. Performances of plays and music
2 a% q$ R; l: k; g1 D 37. Singing
4 J0 F/ G( s$ Q* J: n% m& Z9 ]) A" V- V! a. L, i; v f' |
Processions
- e4 X! o( R0 v! B+ { 38. Marches% i# e8 S9 ?3 [% q7 o. C& Z
39. Parades
2 Z M5 s7 l: M7 b6 B1 \ 40. Religious processions
( { h9 F$ o" R0 l( R5 a 41. Pilgrimages9 g5 `( U0 x2 c. h1 ^
42. Motorcades
& y% Y, v9 n' X- @6 I+ R' e2 H
1 X' e1 v( R1 T& Z3 ^Honoring the Dead7 {% x( p# M3 i4 V' N- A* ]
43. Political mourning5 F% l& ^9 d4 m1 w5 ~
44. Mock funerals/ G% X8 k( T" u. v7 w1 \ ]
45. Demonstrative funerals
: A2 C# s; i+ _. [1 j% C& P 46. Homage at burial places5 {" E2 ^( e7 O9 b4 h) f- P& ?
* l' Q/ u& {5 L) q, V4 XPublic Assemblies
W a0 N7 E' a; n; ` 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* x1 o: H2 Y' F4 h; J 48. Protest meetings) O3 i. C! v2 l1 r4 G, |4 `
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 [# B4 c3 { G( k0 _% Q
50. Teach-ins
" K3 ~; \9 f; T: n
* r1 n+ y7 m q% B" ~- AWithdrawal and Renunciation* K6 X/ I% z& j! g" x% J# F% n( Q
51. Walk-outs
# k# Y% \; `6 n7 }. {. U 52. Silence) I: s; d+ d5 B y
53. Renouncing honors
; v+ g& L( d2 h5 o' u) W2 F 54. Turning one’s back; x4 s, y$ U$ }5 t
% a7 z- B% N" V
# H/ ^- w# _* d: h0 k& f, {# }0 h3 j9 K9 Q
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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- y, w% q# C$ P
1 T2 @- v, S( K9 G9 QOstracism of Persons
- X3 D1 r9 \2 Q1 Y4 I 55. Social boycott0 Z. b2 @! m' [3 [+ |5 v
56. Selective social boycott
" w* n1 n" T" B& y( V* Z 57. Lysistratic nonaction, V: X: B4 l" |! h. `8 o
58. Excommunication
, V0 B F+ I, b8 X% {! G 59. Interdict4 N. M( X) _) @. f" g* |/ D
9 E% C; ]. G! y/ E' ]3 o# u; x( `
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 F+ q# [8 Y/ J8 I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. H6 i9 f u5 c3 z: {- k0 g2 e+ Z 61. Boycott of social affairs6 _: m# Y9 U" \+ A; Y7 e3 r3 m
62. Student strike
: @/ a7 P) \: H 63. Social disobedience
9 h% a: G3 q( ]0 T( q% ^ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions2 |- x' I5 m8 ^6 j/ |- h% q
( R* A! i' C) h0 d) |
Withdrawal from the Social System) o& Z( h1 h& S
65. Stay-at-home5 B- j- w( }& g- p% [# C
66. Total personal noncooperation
0 d! Q+ P2 S. X t; J. {+ B/ Q 67. “Flight” of workers
, X @: c8 ~- |1 O& p 68. Sanctuary3 A& W% l- T N: X, ^
69. Collective disappearance
- S, F- m: c- U* r 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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L1 M0 Y$ S2 W) C
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS. p3 T! V5 f# P
7 a! t+ \) o4 v- \. q& a( ^
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Actions by Consumers
1 M# D$ r! J) v# k: C7 F q 71. Consumers’ boycott3 ] S7 `* |; L- b5 ?
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: @# ]0 R% U* B: l _
73. Policy of austerity
+ q" N1 @. D5 t: x6 o; a 74. Rent withholding6 x0 o* r4 Z6 J( g {# z. ~
75. Refusal to rent
8 Y9 j0 N+ Q" P4 [- x: d 76. National consumers’ boycott" e3 I# ?9 v; ?0 q I- h9 u
77. International consumers’ boycott9 N% j# Z' n' A$ B3 L0 d
! x, Y3 g2 {! k e8 b5 ZAction by Workers and Producers7 c! ?9 R, U- H- {
78. Workmen’s boycott
2 `. L" Z4 y+ [& m6 d- h 79. Producers’ boycott0 N* W7 b/ I/ C: `4 e8 C+ C
$ e6 J. q' |, z; E a6 lAction by Middlemen/ x( L/ l, G% J- r2 `! Z
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ S% d+ x' L8 A0 b* t( [5 T4 t
( n: R' u6 z1 I7 P2 q; lAction by Owners and Management
5 J0 E. q$ D8 d4 J5 Z& a0 S 81. Traders’ boycott! ?' }& F- ]7 f: u
82. Refusal to let or sell property$ _5 L8 T! @8 W
83. Lockout
3 w" c# \5 W: n3 N$ B1 w ` 84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 y2 N: W/ r% Q1 T& X
85. Merchants’ “general strike”. C5 ~! W( q. v) d
- Z( [4 {) ]% c3 J5 j8 LAction by Holders of Financial Resources
7 m; K$ a$ d/ O9 x% y' l% l 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 H; U9 x6 V; ?- h 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
A! H8 }7 o5 g" u. y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ b* y3 t: t4 t+ A( L
89. Severance of funds and credit5 N c$ U' e; f7 G" {
90. Revenue refusal
. @$ U9 q; C% h1 q; h L 91. Refusal of a government’s money. t! C( a0 G4 z& E! G
) V5 m- A2 {1 J' _
Action by Governments* m6 y) a0 z7 a
92. Domestic embargo, t" [$ o' u/ N* G9 Y4 ]
93. Blacklisting of traders
0 B* ~' Z" ^* Z4 L0 ^3 z 94. International sellers’ embargo. q2 L3 S- A: h/ j6 ~
95. International buyers’ embargo; t' B- R! _3 T9 [- k
96. International trade embargo9 W5 ^9 g8 V; x0 @: ~
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* K2 s+ x7 M/ I3 B! f; ]3 O, x5 ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
. R5 b& d' Q) g0 j8 F; Y( j& r' @# W1 h. D! c% o
6 ^ D; g. j' gSymbolic Strikes4 Z: t# y: Y }& e; f0 D3 G
97. Protest strike, G7 g9 w8 r' w7 t: |0 ~ `
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)' g) W& @7 \5 r/ V% o7 a) o
3 r1 _& Q/ P4 l9 n
Agricultural Strikes
, u/ q# ~' r/ ?* b1 g8 J 99. Peasant strike! ?7 J O5 V4 r, \8 V
100. Farm Workers’ strike
: o) {* `$ a' g. y0 a& a* U
. H- V- ?- K, z n+ O5 yStrikes by Special Groups
+ a$ U) R: {2 f9 T2 d" y 101. Refusal of impressed labor
( |* @$ X! G3 @2 n: M4 D6 w 102. Prisoners’ strike
2 I' v; s+ y0 h6 G" e2 K 103. Craft strike( W0 m9 @4 M2 }8 G1 T6 k" G
104. Professional strike
6 y0 w7 c$ e' k+ K& P( J
: n! Q* \. Q$ H; _8 K7 D: tOrdinary Industrial Strikes
. n( f" ~" m1 S: c( k$ h" \0 U 105. Establishment strike. I" M3 {0 r( Y
106. Industry strike5 o. \- H* U* H3 P1 B5 N' v2 S
107. Sympathetic strike
/ H: l l' F B6 i
& }+ b. b2 P5 W1 L. l2 gRestricted Strikes
5 k3 W2 I, c7 q4 h# T4 y 108. Detailed strike
+ e( y0 y8 _! E' a 109. Bumper strike6 W% }$ E, O6 O2 L+ A+ \# L
110. Slowdown strike
. W9 D5 ^2 w+ k9 x 111. Working-to-rule strike
( |$ d. O) t$ Q* P }- y; P- R 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)3 p2 ^" Q0 C! ]$ U
113. Strike by resignation" c/ I% D7 H7 Q6 O
114. Limited strike6 b- o9 n; N5 Q' Q/ L1 G
115. Selective strike2 o! D+ g$ g; o5 n
4 ~6 y& D! u# y
Multi-Industry Strikes
2 ]# n( t8 G0 E$ k
; h1 o8 _! F1 A( q5 b* @ 116. Generalized strike
2 @9 q# }3 T5 ?3 E7 f# _; W1 i' d5 z5 F+ w \! e) N/ b [9 @
117. General strike' P' B/ M h+ n1 U
2 a0 z* H: l! y; t. XCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
5 ?, N3 j0 p1 @% t& V
! z$ T$ [1 X' R% r* _: P a4 O# u 118. Hartal: w4 Q$ U% g* k( R' P
( y ]. W# X \. X6 A! J0 H
119. Economic shutdown
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, p4 H& H% A. f! E0 t+ b# U- H/ RTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
) c% W& N$ C. B& x- {' F! @. d& P% e
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Rejection of Authority& Y$ w/ {8 J. R2 W9 O* `- g
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 f) M' h6 m, J+ R, B j
121. Refusal of public support
" u1 k& `: I/ f8 l& L 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance ]. @# v2 g% h3 b6 M7 V |
4 Z# B- C d) HCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
! k- p' J$ B5 N5 q, d9 Z. K* o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; m- _2 w7 Z. E
124. Boycott of elections
) l1 Z. Q2 ^' c0 x& J 125. Boycott of government employment and positions: d0 Q8 c% h1 E. ]# G ?' R9 M
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) ?# V+ ~4 J8 `! G7 ] 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions& V) j$ r4 }$ Q1 w& @* ^$ s2 l
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% r4 N9 s& P0 i3 K x
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 I ^1 o2 s2 V. d* C$ m 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 d( R2 ~7 y! A* M' f 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ b: Z0 y- {8 q! M( n9 U/ U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# T9 }, e5 O8 |% U: x
! |2 f0 N0 K" B. d
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: D9 r1 r; |: E% W9 w 133. Reluctant and slow compliance4 X! {( R+ d, e/ w- ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! k% f- @: `$ G
135. Popular nonobedience7 P5 K' s6 i4 Z! W
136. Disguised disobedience6 _$ d0 y; {9 X* U
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- T# f& B: M, ]) H+ z
138. Sitdown, q( s# ]1 u; h' W! `( a
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 U8 H- b1 H. W: v/ P# O# l2 D 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) h- V) {% Z2 v# W. @
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
: B. l& J! \ v9 @, k+ v
2 P2 L; e# s/ A! X6 SAction by Government Personnel) i2 o9 U$ e3 p- g* ~4 { w
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! }" |' O" S7 Z# p5 n/ ]! Y# C& v 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% |. ?' Z+ B4 Z! P9 h& d
144. Stalling and obstruction
: F9 U! y; d! V 145. General administrative noncooperation7 ~* j- u% K' j, b. J! m1 ^2 ~( g
3 E$ Q( u9 a/ |$ j2 h3 W2 T6 s( O
146. Judicial noncooperation
8 {. z% z9 d/ q; \0 { U 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents5 @$ o4 v- }8 f ]5 W2 y7 t
148. Mutiny
! S, q1 N6 e2 E# ] CDomestic Governmental Action3 G; i* r7 W, A% y8 {
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays! h2 X$ ~, y2 r
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 [' L9 V9 ?) X* ]0 D' G
" D; Q' s% R$ S
International Governmental Action' u0 \; {* x5 u+ `- {) z* ~& h( b0 D
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- U7 A- R1 ?) u2 j
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
: R: Q0 P8 r1 C- C1 g0 B; F 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 r& K4 ]6 Q/ v/ ]
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' W7 [: E: `& B$ Z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 q# x6 ^0 i- o1 g J1 `7 e 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' S/ }2 Q2 l) E) G- X5 j0 I0 d 157. Expulsion from international organizations
4 w: {, U& m) Z2 K; \
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION j+ l* t3 f# G& n- R$ ?+ b
1 Z: |- C$ d/ D' V2 C T+ i 2 _6 v) I, `' u! N! x$ k
Psychological Intervention
; p5 x! o" ^0 l; Z 158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 D$ S; I7 u1 Y% R+ e1 V; q# Y- K 159. The fast
% x* B2 F1 ~ J( m% p/ w) U" V a) Fast of moral pressure
3 P: ?4 c/ v, |+ n5 x. I4 G, B b) Hunger strike
& B9 t8 }1 j7 \; z: O c) Satyagrahic fast
, `: z* N- g ~6 ?* i9 T* G4 y 160. Reverse trial1 a/ s- H# N. ]6 G O3 R
161. Nonviolent harassment( F8 G3 z! s) z2 L& s
7 k* O: d* g* T1 [9 N |+ }+ V- xPhysical Intervention
; J, j; C1 f4 e) _% n+ J 162. Sit-in
, X/ {5 q1 E- ]7 V: B0 r 163. Stand-in" z+ T& r% u% u0 G/ |& E- q& E/ x
164. Ride-in
3 K& ?3 [' n5 e6 s 165. Wade-in( _! G% l. }8 ^- u2 I8 U
166. Mill-in% p$ U7 W5 [8 Z7 l+ o
167. Pray-in
. c. i" u( w, }$ q1 K8 L 168. Nonviolent raids6 V# N* K- o# A3 F5 A- T
169. Nonviolent air raids
5 @8 Q1 f, c- m 170. Nonviolent invasion
& h$ l1 G# x) H! S 171. Nonviolent interjection' X7 a. U$ B/ O! b
172. Nonviolent obstruction. O4 q6 T7 e0 u) k% b
173. Nonviolent occupation
7 d9 ]7 k' K1 {; c
1 y6 h! v9 E2 ~) t, {Social Intervention" F9 S( o- n# a3 k5 ~
174. Establishing new social patterns
2 `2 z& l4 l" O! ^ 175. Overloading of facilities; Y! P( m, u( E3 o* l
176. Stall-in
+ J `. j. K D$ O. m( \+ G 177. Speak-in& W, c- Y) E9 n% |
178. Guerrilla theater
' E1 I& a7 E' Y. F, s+ n 179. Alternative social institutions
0 e# D0 w& F X3 a7 f/ m$ M3 N9 M 180. Alternative communication system
* X, l$ a9 c+ ~- c/ F# ^, V8 r, v1 K, N0 ]/ G9 r" l
Economic Intervention
, D6 e6 L+ C; S" T$ ~+ l 181. Reverse strike
v' N' M+ E* { 182. Stay-in strike9 y8 _0 i( s' `) E: i" g
183. Nonviolent land seizure3 f+ m8 T9 U5 |+ i0 D& p( I
184. Defiance of blockades
F5 ^& t- ~7 v 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting k. b. B. ~& W; \! n5 U6 D9 B
186. Preclusive purchasing
# l* W5 X% @% w/ [" }6 G5 g: X 187. Seizure of assets8 V: Q" Z/ u* C2 O9 `- S& u
188. Dumping
8 R' X) x+ _( C4 x+ z b 189. Selective patronage8 s7 S! k# y, ?
190. Alternative markets" m( A5 N6 M X. l- x' l
191. Alternative transportation systems6 H9 T0 l6 L- F' z( e6 x
192. Alternative economic institutions
! E' ^1 \! O2 E3 F8 k- w7 E2 z g6 H& k' v
Political Intervention" J) e4 M1 f; `6 z
193. Overloading of administrative systems8 C2 t0 `* h6 ^
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! U F o+ j/ ^! L+ l# o 195. Seeking imprisonment; Q& J% @0 i! V/ t, D9 L
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws4 m. I6 a1 h6 a+ W) X1 C) W+ O& `
197. Work-on without collaboration2 g9 b0 r" j# K9 C$ R3 b% F
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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