 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION* Q' m5 |1 {2 _. D
Formal Statements1 x `( m, C5 F% z6 _( `
1. Public Speeches4 H1 n- f8 P5 e3 L; b7 Y( l0 C
2. Letters of opposition or support
' ]# X5 O/ A8 v( r( W" B: M 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ n- q+ M# S' E; H
4. Signed public statements+ N y# l3 A- K y
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
3 e ]0 u6 i0 f) q: b G 6. Group or mass petitions% L C+ y. [- C% n
* _* l C$ N7 K' mCommunications with a Wider Audience4 @3 f. C3 {1 y. V
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% `' X& h j! a H: c 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 p D. c3 B1 e' ~
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 u% V7 f0 [! r8 M8 X 10. Newspapers and journals: M: b( G. O/ g) G* W" q( ~! ?
11. Records, radio, and television
& _2 Q7 [6 P1 U5 V* F6 W# U0 V1 O 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ Z: D+ x3 ~3 s0 |/ j0 c, A! S/ K" r; I
Group Representations* x) u: ]) e8 t" S
13. Deputations
6 e& E! y: G& V 14. Mock awards2 s3 W" J8 {0 X5 g
15. Group lobbying
' w& V. B2 ^/ s, C+ H' p 16. Picketing! {0 P8 \& R* W+ F" C- N: o
17. Mock elections
! v3 P4 M) j) [8 w0 `1 I) T `+ g) x0 p3 w
Symbolic Public Acts5 M& K3 w8 p) q3 |3 c
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- B) [& I/ I0 U* M* t" g7 i
19. Wearing of symbols$ o1 c1 f Y0 _3 W8 R* |
20. Prayer and worship
3 w' P g! V! j9 x$ a 21. Delivering symbolic objects; Z* _4 i. `! f
22. Protest disrobings
* N8 a2 z% X, ?( c% L4 M! e: M1 z 23. Destruction of own property
r- W( n1 [# O" P/ R 24. Symbolic lights. a4 j3 [' n. g$ q2 _2 D
25. Displays of portraits
" m' {, b) ^, r" A 26. Paint as protest
( {& w) A2 H+ i' [; k. d! O 27. New signs and names
? u3 p( }1 O1 w. ^8 D, V 28. Symbolic sounds+ V3 ^, l# t/ ~2 w
29. Symbolic reclamations
- X) |0 ^9 y1 z6 F 30. Rude gestures
. l# I0 W1 B3 [/ b0 o/ g l" }1 Q" j( j3 }! i
Pressures on Individuals
8 l1 H% h1 _# L8 ? 31. “Haunting” officials
1 G" I- u. t3 v, Z5 D% j 32. Taunting officials
$ `3 e: K, r. F" J" \4 |# ^ 33. Fraternization. n# ^' @# t0 @. D
34. Vigils+ l1 n d" G. \+ y! \! ?) ]+ |' G
4 b, m* w$ l. b+ D9 u2 n/ Q
Drama and Music
& G0 ` d+ X& F7 g 35. Humorous skits and pranks4 B( A0 }2 m I
36. Performances of plays and music
% b' w" Y. o$ o( G2 N3 G 37. Singing
, i+ N, i' e3 f* R1 _6 J' p' g+ t
* y+ Z7 K3 N9 Z- l( uProcessions! _* w& _( E: s. W6 [& ~, [
38. Marches% {6 X/ d: S! y9 B: j9 m* v
39. Parades
) [2 Z5 w" ^' v0 f 40. Religious processions
8 X9 i: m9 ^# Z5 w6 J 41. Pilgrimages0 o5 ~4 s- \3 \, m
42. Motorcades
3 f/ x# {- t4 n( i9 P+ u' P. T3 z! Q
" a- m* W2 K- x# \Honoring the Dead
) h" ]. p: U! Z! Q# \- F 43. Political mourning2 B& ~% Q9 J% r, |9 Y9 z* {
44. Mock funerals
. q( J; V% R1 N& m/ ?0 V% L 45. Demonstrative funerals6 q4 a0 ?8 H; E- M# U# ~2 c1 \% e. M
46. Homage at burial places; |# R3 R' C. }/ M5 t
5 \: S) k7 p2 t0 x4 ?. uPublic Assemblies
5 f; Q0 M& D' p, J$ f 47. Assemblies of protest or support
& O# ~% C8 b5 Y6 b4 R* i 48. Protest meetings
0 |# S$ r4 S$ ^9 j7 V# C 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( D% x4 i4 h: M 50. Teach-ins$ T/ y; t1 V! {) c m" E
7 Q" W1 O2 s* L& R1 M3 z
Withdrawal and Renunciation3 k: x- O$ }( F: ? a6 y$ U/ e
51. Walk-outs/ o: g( p& Z/ p: D. H
52. Silence
' f: \9 t7 P; } 53. Renouncing honors
* p# A' O4 @+ A 54. Turning one’s back
. `- P) }8 g0 q q
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( b5 J+ `9 b- R: {3 a! k
I3 @3 F! L7 ^9 {THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION4 ]% H7 G, {; r, o* L* M' i
# Q9 Z; A# B6 @$ h* M
# F& S, Z4 ]6 r
1 `! ^, R! n% c7 m* W1 j) v. DOstracism of Persons
9 n9 R1 h. `/ E5 v7 P 55. Social boycott! K j4 T) P" p$ L; Y$ D
56. Selective social boycott
4 K8 D; X( T8 p b% Q4 k+ K2 n 57. Lysistratic nonaction
! k" K* h1 R, U* K0 y 58. Excommunication6 W! b( {- r b+ s7 c
59. Interdict- [# Z6 Y* C1 D e+ ?1 V
) }& K' h0 S& N
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions ] W( x) \$ `, r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 B$ |, e% Q# W; s8 `" i
61. Boycott of social affairs) _, _' r6 T' p7 A" Q8 b9 i: t
62. Student strike. `* F+ t5 a4 q
63. Social disobedience
. {5 s# }) `- y9 m" d) s 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
?" S1 X3 n; s* I
# h: j: \1 u1 z3 {Withdrawal from the Social System
2 L& [3 e# N. V: y0 h! ^ 65. Stay-at-home$ j" c: w" e! s% ?5 s9 T
66. Total personal noncooperation
d8 B J' e9 C$ w* w 67. “Flight” of workers
4 _ n# \* U6 n& Q7 o+ q6 W 68. Sanctuary( H P5 h: J( o2 v
69. Collective disappearance
+ i) U p+ _" D/ H, j 70. Protest emigration (hijrat). t8 s. R( s* `- C' C
3 F& Z) t; N% e8 C1 Y, Z. u1 d
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7 U+ a7 m; |6 J* Q1 }# UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers- x/ M) _; \0 W
71. Consumers’ boycott
2 p' |7 }0 _( d+ i8 @: } 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods; @6 q7 l9 a. R- n
73. Policy of austerity( m2 z8 H, h; ~* t3 k: K
74. Rent withholding
j3 x: M' |# p 75. Refusal to rent6 }) y5 r2 k% N* N, v1 b, q# O5 Z
76. National consumers’ boycott; v8 L) k7 j5 w5 n- I" p
77. International consumers’ boycott
5 z: X1 f( y4 _; K$ \: X3 R7 {, E, i4 h5 ~, e# a9 p+ d8 F i8 K: o5 K- t
Action by Workers and Producers s, r" {5 I$ S. p y" [
78. Workmen’s boycott
1 u& S+ p/ {% o% u" M: A% D4 f' L 79. Producers’ boycott
, T9 n6 [/ Q+ r9 C
' {8 n4 e. V4 bAction by Middlemen. u8 r4 G; t& s8 V
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 V0 M# G* L( I4 X
7 g) l! ~% B. i Y$ q% _4 E
Action by Owners and Management' r& _3 S9 ]. l
81. Traders’ boycott
' y* N9 I, d) g7 | 82. Refusal to let or sell property; H' B* B- H: P' i
83. Lockout
% _4 o1 j& C% E/ e- [2 _0 } j 84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 O9 P* y D' T- ?
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, Y) x* T+ @7 H v3 N! P
r( L _5 ~9 y% Z/ }3 F: _Action by Holders of Financial Resources
+ b% E; U. h) f$ T+ f/ B2 X 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
n; P' w8 U- y+ @ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments3 o5 g1 u" K A1 p3 t: d
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest3 K% R1 D4 l% V. t
89. Severance of funds and credit5 `: D5 U& G4 {8 j1 n, E1 ]1 S
90. Revenue refusal
5 _; [* s' d' z# o4 K" D 91. Refusal of a government’s money
) Z* \! B- T6 X2 t) Q0 U' @7 }5 M! D& J
Action by Governments
' |% B3 `: ?0 s2 A! V8 v. k 92. Domestic embargo
+ m! v: F9 v1 g: l" J: Z5 C4 S6 s9 x 93. Blacklisting of traders" K8 V8 ^4 R( d1 `2 }. t
94. International sellers’ embargo: |& r! h* R- r; T
95. International buyers’ embargo
% |" m" a$ `% Y6 J 96. International trade embargo
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3 ?9 h7 E. h( u. z, ?) t8 C2 s! ~
3 r( z6 S+ ?0 c
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; n; K9 ^3 e& _+ D" J( Y& L3 d
2 q+ ?" Y# N) `7 c# a$ a 8 m2 @) }9 R- C2 O* V: }
Symbolic Strikes
4 ?* [4 X1 M0 m8 h 97. Protest strike' V! h% P0 M* m2 w5 G5 U
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
: U8 e: N& q3 e( ?# t3 O
5 F" ?- @+ W: d: cAgricultural Strikes' O7 f0 y6 N& b" P
99. Peasant strike9 Q$ L/ F: h {
100. Farm Workers’ strike
& O5 X7 W. b. h; ]; ^3 H) d( V4 L/ N) i" ]) U: m* g$ F e
Strikes by Special Groups
* S4 _5 r2 A! W/ E3 Y7 i' v 101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 |5 a/ M) r) p- ? 102. Prisoners’ strike
) K; a d( B+ d& ?5 h 103. Craft strike
5 ~% E4 j1 x m9 s {4 K 104. Professional strike$ @" t. E* N2 o1 |+ ~# q) N
$ |4 A* r( ]9 qOrdinary Industrial Strikes
) R4 m5 w, i8 s: F4 w! ~7 a 105. Establishment strike
4 j% J. G( n" ]1 d( D+ d) Y4 v 106. Industry strike
4 o1 ]7 Z) }0 K& z 107. Sympathetic strike/ {* K2 a( `% V1 I5 O6 B e
; e8 O b% y/ P6 l! r7 N4 v; V
Restricted Strikes
- h: D: q2 Z- J& C$ z 108. Detailed strike ~) e( ]. Y! d; X
109. Bumper strike
8 Y4 e/ \$ g$ t' Z6 i* N P* l 110. Slowdown strike, ~, Y6 g! F( k2 z# a: O$ I \* Q
111. Working-to-rule strike
7 |5 g( ]. v, l, U* n/ P! G 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 ~. U, h! q* |
113. Strike by resignation
& t8 M' w. X: \0 i9 o 114. Limited strike
0 p7 R, K7 {2 q4 D/ a! t h( }1 M8 y 115. Selective strike" A$ x6 u5 U/ h5 R r
, R6 Y) }$ {6 j8 N" eMulti-Industry Strikes
5 g" F2 A. y; l3 k$ z1 @8 O2 R* l& q- d; O' l: x, q( i
116. Generalized strike
/ b& S Z. M; h# B/ z* h* D% z2 ?2 t5 l
117. General strike
- X, w: x. s8 m7 j' k$ e
" `4 P1 B9 }4 o: Q# XCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- E( I+ l3 ]/ \* k% D" \
% k3 @' ~% C+ r/ n$ }0 p/ b5 c' d. e 118. Hartal. c$ i3 M6 g/ p7 s% f& @
) Z$ [" a4 g3 d0 @5 H( A! R( Y
119. Economic shutdown
1 Y5 M% U- Y# ~% P# u! z3 A- J) r, M" G. N& W" t
8 l7 ~; F! G% V+ P
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION! T' P0 Q0 [* o8 {/ w
?! N% F7 V; |7 T 8 m ^; \, Y$ A" M7 q! f4 n
Rejection of Authority# S. n1 K( }# h2 N
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance7 L- F" r0 k) ?$ |
121. Refusal of public support
! N8 H- \+ t1 x" ~% v 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 h* W# F; }, r
" p9 g+ m1 H4 m1 b2 n# L* kCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government) Q* j* D: }' g. H5 @0 J/ `6 o
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ ~$ u N0 z5 P4 h G
124. Boycott of elections$ F) ?# N( J# `* q9 ^5 W7 J7 }
125. Boycott of government employment and positions! {/ U7 u/ x$ v! t T
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* L: h7 G2 ~$ G7 }7 W 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions2 p: I/ s- f! _: G+ A! O3 v6 n
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations$ m( T: x& z# U8 d7 X
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 J8 `6 Q/ z7 x- m% t
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks+ ^4 B( }( U' i& _: L
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, I$ x2 G# Q0 J, T% c" Q
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
* g) D5 x7 y+ d1 T3 p% A5 v
: D7 R0 [, C" P+ N; T" SCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ ?1 m' s8 A' N! B/ T 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
" ~9 B$ ?* n* m/ R( ^2 g$ T* k 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision* m$ y6 u! E0 A" z" I/ x
135. Popular nonobedience4 |" g5 A4 Z& T6 ]; F3 @" V% S
136. Disguised disobedience
$ I$ w" e) J7 T5 \3 D 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 Q( m( a3 B' e% N4 T* |
138. Sitdown/ a+ [& b: Z5 j% v9 A3 a6 c
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
9 @' D( z/ Z @' T- D4 O4 q 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
% D. f" Z' x0 T$ N( t1 f7 ^; y; C# E 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws7 v6 W% a1 h- M8 Z; ?8 W
$ p" O3 W; ^# xAction by Government Personnel
0 m+ `3 h6 Z- N5 V6 N9 L6 j 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 x3 d4 v9 D3 v) `$ P* H! z% F
143. Blocking of lines of command and information h' O. ^6 z$ ?- r. z1 [
144. Stalling and obstruction
1 i1 D* b+ X8 t' u, A 145. General administrative noncooperation
5 ?4 t; o& [' O6 Y" r" y8 q. a6 L# y0 A, P4 D1 X6 k/ {2 b* h9 P
146. Judicial noncooperation: R1 e J9 ?7 ]0 r8 |6 D9 l, _
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
7 V2 g! v8 ]( a0 t2 v$ ?+ Z. N 148. Mutiny% B1 b/ `# V% U$ g
Domestic Governmental Action! |5 E# ?/ `5 y" W* ?
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ c1 u$ e4 I) U
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units/ M, [$ ~5 F" ~2 i
. }3 u6 m% F) h' Z* m' p
International Governmental Action
# Y4 r7 O" _2 q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& b" M$ {, M2 c8 W
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 t) l# h2 M7 v5 p2 _. o3 s5 G% m 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition3 U" V+ a! h3 l
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 _8 T5 D& Q9 g, O: `/ v 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 T8 C* Y' d. x4 @ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 v7 T7 _9 y* h6 U& d2 a 157. Expulsion from international organizations4 ]3 t% ^- f4 g9 f8 N$ z
0 s' e+ C7 z! u- N; K1 q; D
! I* E& y5 m/ L' {' n0 o0 o/ i' u3 K$ p+ S$ @
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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8 ?) N d( [, c% L# bPsychological Intervention* G" Y2 V, {, s. J
158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 z, y) I; U% I# E4 t 159. The fast" E, q; u9 ~7 X( z$ ?2 A8 [
a) Fast of moral pressure
, }$ F5 I9 E6 C* E! a, z3 ~. } b) Hunger strike9 C8 @- k) V/ [9 @7 y' Z0 f
c) Satyagrahic fast3 W+ r" r4 a* y+ b; z
160. Reverse trial" ~' |1 Z% x0 w' M; @- i) i% I7 j
161. Nonviolent harassment# E* @* j$ a o7 \( m
2 D' {1 S. p4 G7 O/ a8 l; k
Physical Intervention
5 W5 e) U/ J( ^' Y6 \& X 162. Sit-in
$ Z. P/ v8 }* w/ I9 R% W 163. Stand-in; a% K3 P: C0 C% z) F
164. Ride-in
& U5 @0 b$ o1 Y: K4 A. g, [ 165. Wade-in7 I: ?/ f, d5 a2 \2 O3 O$ w
166. Mill-in# Y2 j# l! F) U. e0 {( x5 v
167. Pray-in5 Q7 f$ L8 R- x$ t
168. Nonviolent raids z1 N" D- [0 m4 p) r
169. Nonviolent air raids5 p* `$ _- o+ S& y# y. \" @
170. Nonviolent invasion
. w5 c; N9 A% R% x# Q1 x& R 171. Nonviolent interjection
' D. B8 H. h& v) z( g9 I f9 _ 172. Nonviolent obstruction7 \) P1 r5 l" B- z) }& }! H
173. Nonviolent occupation7 w6 P6 M4 W# o
& F/ x* b( E' |' A- G# hSocial Intervention+ C, c; H0 O7 b2 v1 U
174. Establishing new social patterns# a+ p% b+ D. p! _
175. Overloading of facilities
) I" P$ a* c" ~. G, C 176. Stall-in
2 ]) _) {" A3 J5 S# E. S0 A" G% j* z 177. Speak-in$ d2 z9 R% _$ \! c
178. Guerrilla theater2 C3 k" e( F2 e1 q+ Q2 B' ~
179. Alternative social institutions% L) B. Y$ k1 ]7 k
180. Alternative communication system9 ^" b4 a+ |* L. P
9 L X, i) N) A+ Q8 ]# n
Economic Intervention0 E4 k7 o9 [2 Q3 D( C+ p/ }! y
181. Reverse strike
+ Q; ? W4 P3 c/ R 182. Stay-in strike
* O! q0 ]) C3 {+ ~2 e3 T 183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 L& ^9 m' t: L# ^+ }+ K 184. Defiance of blockades) I) E' O( W/ |
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 Y) i5 d; O! O 186. Preclusive purchasing
$ _& T4 {" ^; h* v 187. Seizure of assets6 [% z' @& U, A
188. Dumping0 T" k/ L$ I" R: q7 C$ x
189. Selective patronage5 n. s9 [! h! O% G& x7 V; Z
190. Alternative markets
- Q& L7 W9 L0 \ 191. Alternative transportation systems
% M" w* w' W2 ~8 J# w 192. Alternative economic institutions
: O& W- Q4 y4 K( K g# K: e2 m/ b J: Y# k
Political Intervention, }; s0 H: a( w) t, e8 f, F. a
193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 I8 W+ B( d% M% _7 }* P7 V 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents6 O5 Z' K% g2 R
195. Seeking imprisonment& ?+ g9 C2 b0 M+ {
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 n& ~6 r2 g+ o2 x2 z( ^6 R
197. Work-on without collaboration: f6 k6 @" E5 q- P+ ]! v: u
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" s9 l z7 T' G9 }; q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
