 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( C( z: L5 v. a% c% y0 e, eFormal Statements
! B1 u+ }! y8 Y( S' g3 U0 } 1. Public Speeches
U* m$ D' K5 ]+ z! x) l/ V 2. Letters of opposition or support
. o0 U& n( a3 U5 h5 ` H8 R 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: [) x; D. Q3 R! }6 W. F7 ?# k 4. Signed public statements5 H8 E! P# B: l/ A7 S5 R
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
R4 @3 v4 s w) I2 u 6. Group or mass petitions1 c8 F7 @# ^( M- g+ Q0 F+ Q2 `8 N0 ], Q
' f/ f1 L5 p, Q" MCommunications with a Wider Audience
# z! F( Z, d! E7 d' H$ a 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ u- ~# o& U0 k% P- F( T0 L9 G A 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, W) i# |) r( _" d: |
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 }" u4 P7 [- ]0 Y' Z$ X 10. Newspapers and journals
1 F' O9 m9 H1 Q& C 11. Records, radio, and television7 q+ s6 d. z: o4 G* A6 @
12. Skywriting and earthwriting ]$ K) g$ i- Z4 I: V
6 J# h& k( v# {3 C" ~$ z* d+ U. [
Group Representations8 i0 Q' H1 L$ v8 w
13. Deputations
; b0 t/ g5 X1 k; M 14. Mock awards/ Z- F7 [: R) n5 c9 h& K
15. Group lobbying
) H" S c! r5 B* L) X 16. Picketing' D8 O8 x0 j6 t% f
17. Mock elections2 ~ ^+ s& f9 A) e: c5 P/ ]
) @0 f7 F" }4 t# p, d
Symbolic Public Acts
' w4 f$ a6 e' {! j1 _5 L' o2 Z" | 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ U. L8 E6 H) n# u 19. Wearing of symbols5 ]6 z2 {, B9 b$ f; r2 Q
20. Prayer and worship
) P7 _/ l/ O/ e; J/ ?& l1 { 21. Delivering symbolic objects
, X y7 B& ]. L' _) c8 b6 |4 i$ A 22. Protest disrobings
9 {2 }. h: G* u! \5 J- G! ^5 J( C 23. Destruction of own property0 x1 n' O3 D; j' x
24. Symbolic lights5 l- o1 e/ r' N
25. Displays of portraits
9 ?0 a6 ~, h. R9 ^. v2 k 26. Paint as protest3 S4 x, M* j3 D. O/ _
27. New signs and names
- h1 }8 |3 l- q- M5 @ 28. Symbolic sounds
2 v0 z& v q! N b. o( E! h 29. Symbolic reclamations
% {; l2 n$ `! _; P 30. Rude gestures
! @7 `5 j( a+ @9 w! J# N$ \- W4 q; h& U p; A" H
Pressures on Individuals5 c2 ^" f7 g8 r) n. s
31. “Haunting” officials
5 ~+ ^/ P! m U" {) ~ 32. Taunting officials1 g' R3 O9 Z& c3 _0 K$ i5 ^
33. Fraternization) N: @% |4 L0 m5 {; P! e+ s
34. Vigils% c. z5 \8 m7 ]
1 ]# C/ j8 | \9 w( C) O/ T- mDrama and Music
- t5 T" H( P+ B* w- ~# Q# c/ C 35. Humorous skits and pranks
( c4 [# t' {5 x 36. Performances of plays and music" e9 X% _8 w( d+ O5 Q
37. Singing
1 h7 q$ c* M% x6 D- h$ X
6 P" h6 o; c5 TProcessions/ e. p, ]. r8 h: @; X
38. Marches
+ z1 g% \( O8 U6 [8 l: m 39. Parades& x! X* Y# h/ j8 _) ?; f+ F
40. Religious processions6 W" W3 K8 N/ f& I* K
41. Pilgrimages5 z1 P* n' v$ K* w/ ?, U1 Q8 a
42. Motorcades3 s" x7 j: l ^3 T `; F
" g. t* E. t/ c2 [7 Y( y; a0 SHonoring the Dead3 m- x5 `9 T( t+ b1 F
43. Political mourning% x; }1 b/ y! _5 J
44. Mock funerals
# _) D9 [& j Q$ M* [6 U) ]$ E 45. Demonstrative funerals
' K% H6 n/ K6 {+ ] N! w 46. Homage at burial places+ c$ @) D* m1 [6 Y
" P4 {9 g/ b3 X7 w. ]& bPublic Assemblies
( P0 ]- u0 q% s 47. Assemblies of protest or support8 ?* k y0 ?; t2 a. R. ~$ E# u
48. Protest meetings
& @/ a6 u# x- o% N( ^) G- q 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 Y% I! s# ?! @
50. Teach-ins" o5 w6 l" j' O, x) L: }3 H
( q1 O: d& J! g' z& A4 eWithdrawal and Renunciation. \- m' Y1 J: w8 O
51. Walk-outs
! \5 i, Z! b* b4 l 52. Silence
3 K* a: O1 G: ], D5 r1 {. T5 ]- u# ^% P" E 53. Renouncing honors) t+ N# t6 A- \# I: b
54. Turning one’s back. }: F4 C3 \' ?' ]1 B; r: s
1 {- }, c, Y3 k8 [
3 m# A1 f* P. h. Q
+ W0 |' D! K. L5 YTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION1 Q& @1 w( K; C0 g
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0 H K; h* H$ o' u' P7 e" ~" O- S, ~
$ [5 } j0 c A- v$ }6 EOstracism of Persons
7 B5 @* w) ]- ] 55. Social boycott+ E- W/ x" S$ I- Y( r6 Q
56. Selective social boycott
% s/ o/ d( e" R/ t 57. Lysistratic nonaction) u! H1 q, Y+ n3 p4 f/ Z/ f9 D
58. Excommunication& y$ k7 S" x! F: x) B" d8 ~. D
59. Interdict
4 \, b2 ^9 O" R' ^) i/ Z3 ], y9 h$ H7 [3 @5 ]; m2 |* ]
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* }, Y( Y7 u) y" [' W 60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 K3 D( H5 g( G. m$ X
61. Boycott of social affairs6 O* W) k; M: j, X2 K9 ?
62. Student strike5 y, p- A* f2 N' x
63. Social disobedience/ a" O7 ~4 \9 J# m! ?
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# U8 V2 F* u6 e* V4 F: L
5 n( a/ H& B6 s' r1 N0 W% BWithdrawal from the Social System
. K; w3 V/ W7 N0 Y; H7 k# ~- c3 K 65. Stay-at-home
' R0 i, k6 \- l, x2 j& ^ 66. Total personal noncooperation( F. l" w4 h" W0 B
67. “Flight” of workers, m+ Z4 F" e5 {
68. Sanctuary$ a+ T) _9 q' t8 g
69. Collective disappearance
! P: W+ t4 v, g o8 [4 X8 | 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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$ k L" L, [5 @& F; n1 k: ]4 ` 2 P5 G) h" \2 g) x, F) y
; Q; [: M8 ]* K* n! f* vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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* h5 E2 o& \" r* s1 | 5 p3 e$ }4 K& z s1 g: O" Q
Actions by Consumers; _0 @- }' I, _! M) e5 E
71. Consumers’ boycott
8 t' m I! d6 i- u4 T8 {( f, P$ j 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 }( u# A5 _+ m1 d3 M6 L 73. Policy of austerity
- Z$ k* V4 z; j* m! m. I& E* D 74. Rent withholding) C, L# T& u! e( W6 X
75. Refusal to rent! `4 n' T6 l4 H
76. National consumers’ boycott
- _5 p* H" ^. o e+ e6 f' r# S 77. International consumers’ boycott
$ [6 I+ e. T! J- F: S% x0 P& i" U4 n' D* m
Action by Workers and Producers3 b9 ^2 Y5 Y. Z% k6 E' y' O4 W
78. Workmen’s boycott* J+ Y& w1 U" ?0 _ H) |
79. Producers’ boycott+ d: S7 }2 I# Q* _2 {: s; m
2 `+ y% Z# ^) N- OAction by Middlemen
6 o+ ]* p; n. t$ \0 L; A+ u 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott) \4 C8 K; z/ x& `& V
. \9 W6 b2 N; D, x3 V4 H( fAction by Owners and Management
8 A4 y- |9 U8 Y) {3 H3 O% U 81. Traders’ boycott
2 E, ]/ L6 c# l$ S8 |9 U0 T5 z" n) l 82. Refusal to let or sell property: G. }, O6 p; C3 g
83. Lockout" f8 \3 i; z0 p8 F
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 |9 ^4 \: Y, F/ r 85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 {9 E8 [ Z+ C6 A5 w" _0 [
7 n7 H t8 B* k }' N3 PAction by Holders of Financial Resources
, x6 ^/ g/ n9 H5 s! m 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" L [8 v+ k8 T8 }4 w/ @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 W% W5 M; @( ^ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ c0 b4 ~6 d3 k x) } 89. Severance of funds and credit
2 q: Y6 C- n0 P7 c( Y 90. Revenue refusal
6 m& F3 l, n2 H7 F8 K 91. Refusal of a government’s money( r/ a2 L1 _9 y4 R9 I
4 L i& s2 f! SAction by Governments1 Y' H; ] F% b3 k0 T7 g6 E
92. Domestic embargo2 `4 ?9 k5 ?" F0 o- U" o+ Z) o; `* z' F
93. Blacklisting of traders
9 B+ P. }) H/ I0 s$ d 94. International sellers’ embargo- z1 f! F) e. b8 K6 g* c' V9 n% }
95. International buyers’ embargo
* E, a8 b2 T" p5 A2 s3 {: r# Y 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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8 w8 o# U1 m" k5 l% p+ iSymbolic Strikes3 `# _2 S+ L# p( |- b& N
97. Protest strike' n1 K/ m6 V/ K
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% _9 Q) O X2 a. m/ H2 G
4 L( C2 t2 o9 s% I6 |: _3 HAgricultural Strikes$ q, b; ~! X- I. q7 q/ _
99. Peasant strike
2 A" y/ R% y! M/ Y+ k. b 100. Farm Workers’ strike5 K# o8 v& w: S7 ?$ V' \- s
' Y" P3 D; s) {$ ?+ m! m: uStrikes by Special Groups& I. R: y- H. K/ n/ T# [
101. Refusal of impressed labor f/ V$ n7 P' h8 d# p0 H% S$ Y( O
102. Prisoners’ strike0 u1 Y3 G. s4 \
103. Craft strike9 N: z) J* _& O; E' Q, S) @0 J8 S; A
104. Professional strike
9 G) z* u. x$ C2 R7 P* B% E$ E0 [8 |. r
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
* W, R; R- W- {8 }) l" U 105. Establishment strike
n+ z* ]. l% ^/ P$ q o( S8 c 106. Industry strike2 j# p7 F4 {# F8 C
107. Sympathetic strike
0 z4 a1 r/ f& L' i' m6 Q$ f" B$ B9 |. G$ h: {. A7 o) F: c
Restricted Strikes4 x+ e* J' l& A$ I$ V, {* K
108. Detailed strike( U d' O3 D% B- z2 t0 F
109. Bumper strike
6 ~& ~2 z- M9 h- t8 T6 V2 i 110. Slowdown strike; X0 E! p5 b; P: m2 z7 l6 ^- J5 ?
111. Working-to-rule strike
0 ?1 ^' Y w" i" t! g 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) s& {6 A( t2 C+ b) N
113. Strike by resignation
@) m! d2 \8 c" ]! A7 Y; t. }. r 114. Limited strike
2 ]$ q( a* d; L# K3 h% N% _$ D& a" N 115. Selective strike
2 w, J# i6 F. t2 q4 q; x" E G U0 v- N& T2 \
Multi-Industry Strikes9 D. b) N) t3 @$ _' u1 O% ` i( a
, f0 w v$ V" t" [3 ]7 O
116. Generalized strike3 [: N4 h8 ~4 s, M; O4 M/ y- V$ j
1 F8 u6 ~7 A# K7 [
117. General strike
9 f% x- v0 Z6 L7 X9 F" U' c7 E- H/ ~0 k6 ~& n( @
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 N8 S' U o/ Q1 x. i9 i% j) ]
% l5 w9 N m: M0 F
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown5 P% G/ l" x [% g! l2 s% I" u
9 ^$ O: c# {& P5 ? 5 h% ^& d8 j: Y2 B. D- f9 V" g
" |2 G5 v( U; z* QTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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; a& B; @" Z7 d/ F. Z. z; X# YRejection of Authority
! d% N# }$ y Z 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
: P' A' n K" _) @2 r& s& l 121. Refusal of public support
* R! Z9 h: T J0 v/ u 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
! [4 o0 R3 _4 M1 t/ \; D
5 Z& z: Q! `/ M- _# G: k9 U: dCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 G: m* I A8 o3 l7 L1 H0 S3 N( B
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& @# r- n/ F* i4 h+ U! S- D 124. Boycott of elections0 v3 I8 ]/ |3 E6 c
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 f- P. f9 b, ~5 h5 ^ k h! n 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: G* W$ L8 e3 f- s, d# _% O 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions! t) ]. m' d8 \9 i9 H( H3 \
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations$ O `' J. _5 R/ l, j. H. C
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& W" T& n3 _& K3 N 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
' j3 w" g J: x* x2 ?/ d; l2 F 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials2 x" D+ ~) @- h+ D1 X' p
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
6 u4 c! y. P, f w
b/ G5 Q. I! ?4 O; P. m2 a9 YCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* z; C; ]# d1 e4 j& i3 t6 x 133. Reluctant and slow compliance: S4 i; p1 l* [. `# a
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" C+ g$ f: h! ^9 u* v
135. Popular nonobedience
H' {6 D* T% y( B8 k& V 136. Disguised disobedience
' N7 E& J/ F2 R/ c 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 x: f/ O3 E2 p" d4 P# p# [/ g
138. Sitdown
8 s; j: k. |8 e 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* [8 B, Q, N6 z) ]/ \ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( g% s A+ V& V/ u5 _3 X6 _ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 ?& e1 o- k/ M$ d, D6 |& Z$ F" l6 U( n. e- Y, \ w
Action by Government Personnel
. |- O3 c; ?- }3 B# Y5 [ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides Y$ }" a% g0 i X6 D0 _
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% Z( ]1 M' w$ X# ?" N: j" p t! L8 S 144. Stalling and obstruction
8 ?# P6 L: Y1 K7 M2 B% m 145. General administrative noncooperation: s- I/ i7 i+ u7 ?; U6 z
& Q. y+ j9 ^ d4 ^5 N# E* g
146. Judicial noncooperation8 P2 }" C* s+ E% A* }9 \
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 b, Q: [, }% K 148. Mutiny5 r7 q# [+ e$ q2 w( o3 M
Domestic Governmental Action) l& C: `7 j! u8 x2 {5 n
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
" E4 y9 n/ ~- j 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( ~( ]1 j: o& c& n/ O; D" I# t. D
International Governmental Action
4 F8 m# o; t3 D# ]; t- L2 p 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations2 |- Z/ d+ v# \; }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
6 \; m, g) H) I" J 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 h1 O, O6 t* O& \( s+ q# A9 U 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
+ `7 q9 ]" c" G2 S0 ` 155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 e! r. d* ^$ E2 b* g3 M; q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. k# o/ x& s- T: }2 W& }! }* z/ s 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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3 b9 b( i0 g: f4 `* A" Z8 nTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 e6 L4 X! p, @- `
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% b4 I r# Z" Y2 w3 W1 j2 t
Psychological Intervention5 V, w) T- X E* e0 H' V
158. Self-exposure to the elements7 @8 R, o" o* e( ^9 l
159. The fast" I8 q. t6 o3 j! u
a) Fast of moral pressure3 Z6 U. i, _4 ^$ z8 }
b) Hunger strike' N; g- X+ H* g& ]4 w
c) Satyagrahic fast" q& y! x; q$ }4 h' h
160. Reverse trial
6 `" y& k d& T 161. Nonviolent harassment
2 ]! }+ ~5 l2 A8 ^" T! U- u/ s) G9 s, o! o- D
Physical Intervention8 l1 F! T: _9 E: e: {* R
162. Sit-in% k6 U: }" ~. e: q
163. Stand-in: q+ [7 f/ W% z- ?
164. Ride-in
, o" q9 f. E8 @0 ^ 165. Wade-in
$ q$ o9 c! U5 O: U# H/ P 166. Mill-in
0 r9 x, F& i' O }$ }/ R9 a$ y 167. Pray-in
- N; _; t2 G( g 168. Nonviolent raids
% q, l) m* o( Y+ _& H 169. Nonviolent air raids; K( d3 U$ q# Z1 i3 f
170. Nonviolent invasion8 U$ A: }# V1 u0 V( ^% c: W' B
171. Nonviolent interjection
: S* |% i5 [& [6 ? 172. Nonviolent obstruction/ C# f9 \! k5 Q# B5 C
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention J& @" P) [2 w& b F
174. Establishing new social patterns
7 h9 U9 D- ^" k! _, O' Z/ T1 _6 ~ 175. Overloading of facilities9 f7 ^. d; U9 R
176. Stall-in: z5 P; F' q/ o
177. Speak-in: s! E7 k7 L) r* |, ]+ ?, W
178. Guerrilla theater
" X- t& Y; ]0 ]2 C0 @ 179. Alternative social institutions, g. t' z1 b5 S1 e, i% L
180. Alternative communication system
* `7 D7 V) t6 X% J0 W; n# [! a: O3 H
Economic Intervention
/ T( I! j/ I$ v* l8 c& [ 181. Reverse strike
# G+ X8 I3 i0 ~! \( ^' l 182. Stay-in strike
/ j* G& u; \2 N. s 183. Nonviolent land seizure
9 Y: K# t! h( S5 _1 R# Y 184. Defiance of blockades6 j8 F. t2 S7 n* y+ R
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" F/ | W Y( ?- \0 {3 \, R7 u 186. Preclusive purchasing
7 E9 o) }. x% \7 J 187. Seizure of assets" r( Y+ G& P7 v6 ^ `
188. Dumping
0 Z8 Q7 y1 L7 u% k) R 189. Selective patronage
0 h/ M/ W, A0 i. p' q! f8 e 190. Alternative markets: @6 }) o* U- E4 [5 Q
191. Alternative transportation systems1 N, W# _. G& a- x. p
192. Alternative economic institutions
0 o1 q7 T# ~7 b5 y+ j
O$ m& O/ J6 I# SPolitical Intervention
5 g% g; t; d. C0 P( m 193. Overloading of administrative systems+ k' l7 ~) q9 l" A+ H$ o- i
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 {7 n* Y" e6 V3 P0 ~
195. Seeking imprisonment
; j5 d/ J% \1 i; g) y" E 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# i& M, l4 ^# f/ ]7 ?* f* ~ 197. Work-on without collaboration# A, x4 P7 N- y9 ^9 o) i
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) E; v$ f9 L% V
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
