 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 \$ J- H. s V+ H+ h4 dFormal Statements- K5 J# y4 V; E$ t
1. Public Speeches
0 Q0 }1 V1 ^7 C 2. Letters of opposition or support
! L7 b, ]( X6 e 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, ^2 N4 ^8 l3 q, c
4. Signed public statements
) \; I* C; k7 X7 G 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& n8 h S) p. {+ q& W3 q 6. Group or mass petitions, Z. a& R! W6 ^% `5 V `$ m
' ^/ V- T9 Y4 u, S( B" ?5 uCommunications with a Wider Audience
" R+ ?" G5 V: T/ A% P 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 k* B% Y" E1 Z8 F! A& A; p
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. m6 ?" `0 S6 j9 t, W; m% I' X
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books+ s; N! w8 o& V% C: W+ I
10. Newspapers and journals
b8 R9 j7 r, q) q& h5 E 11. Records, radio, and television. c: b. ]% Y b V& K3 i& L
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
, s; c4 k+ `) o& D4 U7 m: g
/ F! m9 R* `1 X' G7 A; W- E! k" T, [Group Representations
- |4 B" |0 H% \4 V# { 13. Deputations
( T6 f; m5 N* e' h, P) i8 _# A 14. Mock awards
/ e. A+ M* l0 p9 V$ e* F; R 15. Group lobbying8 F* |( H- C3 `0 W; a4 M
16. Picketing
( o/ N" H- h' s 17. Mock elections
( X* n7 D9 r8 v5 a+ M T9 T8 I( R" x1 u! m t0 @' H* O+ v6 _/ S
Symbolic Public Acts
8 f. K4 U, m: X/ m 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: v6 i$ k. s5 I0 |1 ]; l2 V( F3 t 19. Wearing of symbols
. m; g- w/ o% \" o8 k+ E/ c 20. Prayer and worship
" h( S. }/ Y* y- X 21. Delivering symbolic objects8 m. P- I- v& M* i4 j4 P
22. Protest disrobings7 f4 e4 `+ M7 L6 [2 `" \( \4 h
23. Destruction of own property
: \5 O- c# c6 R" { 24. Symbolic lights: n6 O3 A. \% [ V, y i
25. Displays of portraits6 U0 z/ v0 P% [
26. Paint as protest2 U5 a$ B# f2 G6 t* Y
27. New signs and names# ~5 y$ k) A: p, ]" K
28. Symbolic sounds
4 }# [1 n& |" M& F7 n( b 29. Symbolic reclamations
" }0 J3 ~5 X6 r: v H 30. Rude gestures6 W7 O: y! K0 q" v
9 u+ S; R$ Q* b7 d9 aPressures on Individuals
/ O' a, J( D6 h3 |" z! I3 L 31. “Haunting” officials
, N# m: F$ t/ p/ p 32. Taunting officials& e8 b, o8 W; \0 s% y. ^7 J
33. Fraternization) s# q' W' }5 g# z! b
34. Vigils7 p& K, z2 H- {+ \3 I
$ P7 y9 E' S+ G" ?) X
Drama and Music" G) @% w1 @- K& k# q
35. Humorous skits and pranks6 T) I# c5 M; z! v
36. Performances of plays and music1 V! p. j; r1 _( u) F
37. Singing
w3 P \# m4 S, T% u- i' u1 A4 \. A; S
Processions
2 }6 X* h. W- g0 F, l 38. Marches
8 I& B0 l; g g/ ^ 39. Parades
5 `5 g5 c# ?) O" ]+ y% K 40. Religious processions
3 {2 Q, `& ?" k2 t& v6 O3 l: u# { 41. Pilgrimages
5 ]+ Z4 D7 V A* g# D1 G" G 42. Motorcades
8 w1 F; H3 F u" d* l& Q
2 }* B( @0 v2 R" x) A8 NHonoring the Dead4 E6 I$ v0 ]# a, c
43. Political mourning4 L5 n) h- d' L
44. Mock funerals& X/ b5 M( |# m9 t9 D: p" Z5 L
45. Demonstrative funerals
: N) p Z0 X% e 46. Homage at burial places- q, r- l0 _: L: M
! G+ L, U: R2 Y" z' j- W/ f1 _7 m- |
Public Assemblies
( k) f) D; k3 C R% N 47. Assemblies of protest or support; V* q& B2 n( x" T
48. Protest meetings: q3 `3 s# b7 [, U- I- M
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% w* L& w! f9 ^1 d7 a# q 50. Teach-ins4 O u# R: X0 d1 @, _1 I6 w, k
# f9 E$ L& t+ x& o1 m7 o. @Withdrawal and Renunciation
! I( {! E P% M2 N7 _$ F$ j% f% o 51. Walk-outs
0 x& ]2 T9 U9 P/ P! i5 ~ 52. Silence
* e( N8 e# e5 z# H" x 53. Renouncing honors1 Y8 C, v( O& f! s# j
54. Turning one’s back
- Z) i' s+ a7 z- C- w* |
z- Y0 k) p% k w% y4 W / ~) `8 d2 a0 B" w
3 v' y7 o8 k0 B1 X, a
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
+ u" h, s$ ]9 o+ F& W, Y* z
8 O$ `7 V. e( W; b2 D k 2 a! [" O4 D/ b7 A$ _
) @% `5 _+ {2 C4 aOstracism of Persons- f) ]9 z1 i' f
55. Social boycott8 {2 k+ h1 l: S; g8 [: e8 D
56. Selective social boycott# y- ~4 [8 U9 D3 K4 b" ]# l6 ?* s
57. Lysistratic nonaction% V5 Q4 D( E! Q' N, i0 Q8 O* o
58. Excommunication3 g# e' N. s$ a' e
59. Interdict
& o" z6 Q7 s& v
& _7 n% _* D+ v2 KNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 ?$ A, N/ p o, s( w$ @ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities. {3 C5 w; \ J- X" U9 r! {: ?
61. Boycott of social affairs6 ]' a3 F- K, h
62. Student strike% D! U1 q& A6 Q( j# F. |
63. Social disobedience8 d0 }; b" s! ?& F
64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 J$ P* v' c! V- [
3 P& J- G e& V; d$ G% v) t$ S0 DWithdrawal from the Social System
; d7 d; G) w- _6 U" f9 f" W 65. Stay-at-home: I/ H( F1 q: Y0 n! \6 y
66. Total personal noncooperation; ^) g0 u- l& q a/ x) U& j
67. “Flight” of workers. m2 s! Q1 L d' A; ~0 K
68. Sanctuary
' g/ K+ w$ Q) e2 y$ q5 s 69. Collective disappearance4 a, J% g# F4 s& Q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 {4 {) E; r# F. S' t* F
& k! \9 e& t5 A( V% g/ ]1 F % @( Z% Q, O7 ^& h! A% M
; K+ u7 h; g% ~5 p: K/ I. B4 S
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: m# K s+ j: x% G R
8 V9 w* D; J# F. f( t# O/ U. d 2 U2 P: y+ A: X. K' T: [+ A9 J# u+ f
Actions by Consumers
' W- H' C8 s' D5 d& p5 Q1 Q 71. Consumers’ boycott
; t8 e& y" w: x( k 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 F7 ?) r0 h9 c4 B& L5 {2 O" S
73. Policy of austerity
( G# j) }6 u+ j& e 74. Rent withholding
% M8 c2 m1 X) \ 75. Refusal to rent
7 a: F0 Y* O, V+ [* L 76. National consumers’ boycott
: G: d; K4 ?$ H& W 77. International consumers’ boycott
: p, n) X O# n/ ]4 ?1 i( O1 z1 h8 G/ @. R) Z+ ^( x
Action by Workers and Producers7 u' @3 W' N! C% Y) I2 P, C& N
78. Workmen’s boycott$ Q, o( J! \) S/ q
79. Producers’ boycott- m; i' y7 ?' `# X$ L
4 `; `1 O( |# |( {2 oAction by Middlemen: m$ m6 V! u1 L6 q+ L6 Y9 d D
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 v: s7 N. j5 N& v, R+ V; O6 P) N
, X/ D" c# F) Q+ I# d# O y
Action by Owners and Management
( X! O7 {! ^$ q7 Y 81. Traders’ boycott
9 ~# i3 ~0 p! U; h; B 82. Refusal to let or sell property
c1 o* ^1 j. m6 m, U. y) F 83. Lockout
/ t7 R1 t0 J- P) T6 d. {# Q 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
" d0 [# c j1 p/ Q" ^. ?: G5 b 85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 q- Q1 V$ T0 g7 Z/ G$ ]/ g
. F) j! R& I1 o5 `, X! d
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
/ r4 K6 e1 R0 q2 g 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 d" a9 f: L" ^/ P) p0 I+ K/ n4 ?' K
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 x# @% ^. i) e9 e$ q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: u' e# u* [# i% ] o; [$ ]6 O5 }
89. Severance of funds and credit
0 t8 H/ e" S4 f' r, H8 H 90. Revenue refusal3 k6 N1 |( o* k6 f2 L3 P
91. Refusal of a government’s money5 W- q2 B, k/ Q! D8 t7 v. i* u k# c
" b. ?7 P/ O! `: S6 WAction by Governments
, M) s2 l6 K3 v' m 92. Domestic embargo% e& k6 j) K1 g- x+ j# C: g
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 H" J: f0 r7 G# N" }9 I 94. International sellers’ embargo
- p+ e0 u/ e6 }0 @ 95. International buyers’ embargo
! H9 J0 i4 p3 q' j 96. International trade embargo( Y; |; O' o+ H$ R' j
! k. |8 \3 h8 C9 b- ?# `1 I
( H0 a- w; s+ ~+ f6 F) v; L I3 J* A
: W+ W9 y) e% P* Z. d: m% S* [THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
1 d( C$ A" D1 E) D2 Q+ Z3 f
/ }: s; o3 ]& z9 l* e % N# S+ y3 k: N1 s
Symbolic Strikes
* y9 O2 \( S' S: {" P 97. Protest strike! @& ^ b B. _
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
3 F/ Q8 |' I. F- r5 U+ H; {
% Y% q) s2 }$ @Agricultural Strikes
6 t1 f6 f$ l. C& `+ M0 H8 Y. A 99. Peasant strike
2 J- a( [6 Q; x* C% i7 Q 100. Farm Workers’ strike9 R: ^5 W+ C9 r) @0 Z1 W6 b
! D' q/ f) C2 z7 W( [( n% g, aStrikes by Special Groups
" ]9 Q& w; A" t: R2 x 101. Refusal of impressed labor1 W* B. C8 a; F! n
102. Prisoners’ strike1 m) K2 k5 o9 {
103. Craft strike1 {+ ]; j+ l9 B: d
104. Professional strike- H- H/ I: Y$ E7 ?" q3 P
3 J* b. x: F% C9 aOrdinary Industrial Strikes
4 q0 I/ v# N) F7 X: w3 C1 J1 u 105. Establishment strike
0 D8 n# p7 O0 h0 Y ]( u 106. Industry strike$ _! [& c I2 o& h" K; Y `
107. Sympathetic strike' W0 t& B! ]3 R; _( Y! S( I% w
5 _/ I4 l/ b# _$ ZRestricted Strikes
4 `' A( V$ J% R 108. Detailed strike
& d# L: y7 |9 H+ T& r5 X4 r9 b 109. Bumper strike
- D6 z3 ^1 g( m8 d& \7 R" {, L" O) l 110. Slowdown strike; C0 U- M! l7 b' t+ G9 p/ F
111. Working-to-rule strike: b _) J0 W; W$ V. M9 Y
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: D/ X* K$ ?" g* j" \# u 113. Strike by resignation* X& Y$ H6 B5 N. h! ?
114. Limited strike
6 M. }$ t5 O. x! P& c2 G 115. Selective strike
: }/ Q" E* x% a* h, o: l5 {
& O% G. X! K( T; z$ ^6 s' BMulti-Industry Strikes
/ p4 |- V% j, w8 }9 K$ N2 F+ B7 j" Q; H* v& r& W
116. Generalized strike
- j* u( q. s* s% u! T& j' L: }) X
$ L5 P3 D/ L" i( ]7 C 117. General strike! u3 q/ x# E4 ~* H9 q
0 ~- ~9 u' Y X/ h/ O* n
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 x" D2 r. p1 s0 U) {' B$ M
' R: N9 V$ Y; V1 H8 R- z 118. Hartal6 E# n/ E' j- E, {
# q5 @: E+ U' Z# ^ 119. Economic shutdown& |# m6 M: F- n9 v( {) p
5 |; v' o, f8 v4 P - |( q& \# Z3 S8 P; M6 V2 \3 k3 W
: @! @' S6 e) |THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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* |! D$ N) |3 K) J7 lRejection of Authority
B/ `1 k2 [) ?# H7 h% ^# m8 ] 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) C6 N' }/ d/ _5 k5 v: }
121. Refusal of public support
1 Y3 z7 J6 \ z8 p$ x 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 ^+ v8 U5 s; i7 i& {" H9 _. C- k
7 Q" r% _3 E( y7 l7 S3 b: ~Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! N% C7 a& Z% i6 H; x
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' P& T( K* J$ h! w/ K 124. Boycott of elections t7 x e$ C; Y& V5 K* C4 u
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& o% X' f7 e% }, [7 T M2 X 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
4 y& e* N' c" y; M l# V 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions V6 |( P: [$ y1 e
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations9 M* Y3 V9 E6 E* J0 V' G
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. C# z3 C5 G# P3 o
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; x. k' U6 \& Z5 e6 Q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; A7 i1 N! @' T! a( Q+ j
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions. U; T. P& \: M5 N0 N
8 T* R! V; j* \/ F; ]' d) s/ `
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% y3 O M- Y$ _ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 U$ g- g# s3 B! d( W
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& o+ j6 ~# r# Z0 D; } 135. Popular nonobedience5 a2 ~0 k& M- H7 z. T6 l
136. Disguised disobedience) H7 u: }3 I3 C2 Y8 R& A# f% Z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ R# x# Z' Y7 i: P
138. Sitdown
7 w1 O$ d: O. r6 i$ M& _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 |+ \3 n8 D6 t$ b' g1 { 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# ], N6 K2 u( K& c @( |
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, V3 }" x2 ^- T N% d @
! C; ]" A* D+ u! g" P" ^7 A7 }1 R% O
Action by Government Personnel
6 b! u7 }$ _5 f8 L9 I5 B 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides+ |7 R1 _0 z3 c6 e% ?
143. Blocking of lines of command and information. i+ ]* B; @ G1 D& |5 j
144. Stalling and obstruction4 D' |7 Y0 R7 V+ ?& P( y
145. General administrative noncooperation
" y7 k6 a; d& U. W! `- t7 t
0 ?/ X; }1 Q* A) ` 146. Judicial noncooperation
" ]1 G( h- W2 \ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) ^$ \1 \" m0 k, P% i [: l- t
148. Mutiny
m2 n7 N" v1 NDomestic Governmental Action
9 I5 x, _$ R+ j& ]% A7 p 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& r5 T. g1 L6 w6 x; { 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 ~( K- ?1 s o: K- ?% a
8 l$ T: m7 X% r3 mInternational Governmental Action
" c" x6 d2 z) l, g- W* e! ~" b 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" x3 M8 f6 X( c8 M+ z 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- }$ b- I. K1 l4 e$ j 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 k7 p( k' m9 v) |, I6 b! Z
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' S( d% d% M% y$ }7 g$ C# S 155. Withdrawal from international organizations) k7 I/ w; C: T6 [& |& z' d
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 W* f9 `; h% ]6 g9 }8 |7 F 157. Expulsion from international organizations& x' u0 u! D( d7 Y
3 G6 t2 M: [" t
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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7 h5 s3 r3 L% e
; d. c q* v9 D. R0 OPsychological Intervention* S) c* q7 [% |/ D$ O, \
158. Self-exposure to the elements7 u) L" }* B, i. c9 C
159. The fast
2 U1 t: K% Y u0 b, z$ c8 |* |, Y a) Fast of moral pressure- ~* Z/ f9 R0 D
b) Hunger strike
0 x: K) ?- g5 G: ?$ _' B c) Satyagrahic fast7 A' {# C9 N# ^7 i
160. Reverse trial" _% G) Y5 d. f- P2 e, |( d
161. Nonviolent harassment8 y( \$ ?) S, m5 a0 h, C
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Physical Intervention+ d" A) k) {! c4 ]+ L
162. Sit-in+ D: P1 i ~0 {8 e# |6 O. T/ E: I
163. Stand-in( e/ X* g" c0 P! K- l7 ]
164. Ride-in
* r. J8 X" h R4 L7 Z 165. Wade-in
- ?4 p' f- q" b n, a2 x9 Q 166. Mill-in
; V/ Q# E4 Y' Y' u5 d 167. Pray-in
7 z% F+ ~* p2 W3 I* g, e! n! \ 168. Nonviolent raids
8 j( g1 b# x0 q/ Z* P$ F 169. Nonviolent air raids [' n( w8 B8 P' B4 g
170. Nonviolent invasion. ? w1 R1 ]* z
171. Nonviolent interjection
]/ p! H8 V3 z+ y 172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 e, J. k- q+ }9 k8 Y9 i 173. Nonviolent occupation; v: A5 i/ k; H0 _
0 @* b! `# }3 c& n# T0 \Social Intervention
5 a0 I9 L0 A6 j+ K 174. Establishing new social patterns9 t; ~2 O1 w! w; R
175. Overloading of facilities
& Q7 ^2 _4 M) O" ` 176. Stall-in
1 o% t# N8 u B 177. Speak-in3 M2 ^/ I6 {$ f1 m) |4 R3 B
178. Guerrilla theater
) u- T2 Q) h( q6 R l 179. Alternative social institutions, t8 u9 A5 ]) n
180. Alternative communication system
) F" A# K1 P8 h$ N* |& p$ @# ^( z( C/ D" f0 F5 W; ~5 d
Economic Intervention
+ t' y9 c4 j! Y2 K- x$ h+ ~0 }/ Q5 H 181. Reverse strike% ^) Y/ d U2 Y2 M1 D% [
182. Stay-in strike
4 o# Y4 n( C+ }. t. i. T 183. Nonviolent land seizure( `! X/ b: R, i. n. t2 }% l$ w' `
184. Defiance of blockades
. I0 E$ y6 ?2 t x6 O 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" A a' T1 I- G* `, i2 t; o 186. Preclusive purchasing; g2 M7 v4 j D8 ^ J( H
187. Seizure of assets9 J& v) `1 o/ W" w0 i0 Q: r
188. Dumping3 T# A4 ^4 e8 g# c, |, ]
189. Selective patronage
, l" P1 h! j$ C" N" L 190. Alternative markets# }# V: ~; P/ ?6 E+ `3 Q% G% H7 ^
191. Alternative transportation systems
5 ]8 ?& [9 C, q2 P6 [ 192. Alternative economic institutions
+ ]# q$ p5 S D' X
) V1 s0 | ?5 T* r. LPolitical Intervention
* z4 d- o4 E& ^4 x/ e! B$ y 193. Overloading of administrative systems; ~! {- f6 i/ K6 ^
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ M% X6 Q* c! Z+ R/ b& k6 w$ D1 { 195. Seeking imprisonment% [4 @) o3 S5 z( }
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- e+ U. b0 y- X. o! \* _0 ^' T 197. Work-on without collaboration5 F8 ]* m) u, \
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
