 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% N$ c# {6 o+ u" lFormal Statements$ C) D1 A0 G8 h1 Y
1. Public Speeches! ^5 ]8 X% I' ]/ D8 V' P
2. Letters of opposition or support
( f2 J2 I* N- H$ S% Q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% I" B* b v2 u7 O 4. Signed public statements
2 a3 R$ Q9 P4 z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention* F5 \ G5 @ Z8 n! U
6. Group or mass petitions
. @: O4 C: x9 c: t2 {* u1 r! j# d
) j0 T5 B, e% ~" n1 s$ u5 M" e: M) N* OCommunications with a Wider Audience0 S9 ^; W' E% H# `# }
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# b; C: c7 Z$ b R9 a. G+ v6 G) G 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 g9 Y5 f* \- g$ @% b5 G7 d 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 I# }3 M% X5 ^1 j6 | 10. Newspapers and journals2 x% }0 X3 W; l9 o! J4 ^9 T, S
11. Records, radio, and television8 A3 w: Y$ b' p. Y( k; I) f
12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ D& \7 L2 X# q8 b
- X/ ^7 @% P7 uGroup Representations" `( J4 s6 C4 ]" h
13. Deputations
7 q( v- T! H, c K3 M# I& Q2 C 14. Mock awards
|. ?2 r9 T" ] 15. Group lobbying/ }8 v& B2 V# u3 j: ^4 q, O
16. Picketing
+ a2 S: h8 S. x) X! I* o 17. Mock elections8 p' V! Q& ~* {+ T* a% Y5 T% H
7 j1 u, W$ f4 |2 i9 K# s, {
Symbolic Public Acts
5 Z/ K# C" |5 ]( I8 G, u! D S 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' b" M I! T# h! p: j9 h. i2 E0 `
19. Wearing of symbols
8 |7 V- {- |+ K7 l 20. Prayer and worship
" s0 f; V. }0 g/ @8 w 21. Delivering symbolic objects0 c8 O8 ]% ?9 H0 n1 l7 A9 t
22. Protest disrobings0 n/ T( G9 X; M- M/ X5 A( L( E- P/ @( ?
23. Destruction of own property, k. y0 L, z0 o7 [, @# ] @
24. Symbolic lights
, |, v' F3 O; }% r+ M# l 25. Displays of portraits' V. _( M/ Y. ]
26. Paint as protest1 d- k6 }( ~- m8 R
27. New signs and names
* a( J, |9 {1 n& V3 o1 R- E 28. Symbolic sounds
4 c' }) a* \% U1 U" h1 p 29. Symbolic reclamations% y& j/ F( x4 W$ d% C
30. Rude gestures
4 @7 ^4 y7 ~# h$ \3 P& \! O4 `. d9 J- x9 |. B% [5 M
Pressures on Individuals' d6 D+ R" X2 V3 r* z; ^$ X+ s
31. “Haunting” officials' e- h1 j) `- d
32. Taunting officials m9 p# I* U7 Q% M) [) x( a
33. Fraternization/ [+ h4 B p8 ~: X4 M5 D6 r; L6 L
34. Vigils
- G4 u. F0 J% R9 y& X/ X
+ p* N$ l* E$ Z6 ]- EDrama and Music: B+ s/ F4 ?6 T
35. Humorous skits and pranks
' _2 j) B2 P0 S3 v8 D1 e6 p+ h 36. Performances of plays and music* i1 _% o( P0 a
37. Singing2 a. R7 ]$ \) T' h" H# W( g/ }& i, t
5 {) }: j. v6 Q# h& _8 _
Processions
7 U, u$ q' H: R3 \ 38. Marches
+ B& {9 ^8 a8 L! O3 E 39. Parades" c* b. z# q3 p+ N" ^. o; }# c
40. Religious processions7 p6 x& b; J+ f6 [ v
41. Pilgrimages
% O9 U, `3 C& [( O 42. Motorcades4 U ]6 S& m" ]( p- f# r
7 Z* U/ W2 ]- ^2 G- T0 D6 N9 B
Honoring the Dead
) |( X6 m1 b* H. R 43. Political mourning. x" ~- j2 C1 K) A$ c/ b
44. Mock funerals
; d e9 X& v; J/ @2 n 45. Demonstrative funerals
8 Q) L) K" p% T; X; G. s5 z; V 46. Homage at burial places
( Y! U/ Z% W) i# T& q) p D
7 A$ B$ H6 s' A( e1 M0 }2 RPublic Assemblies
* D/ B( [* a4 B" [# Y: O 47. Assemblies of protest or support; {/ o0 w: S$ f! _1 O% Y2 M/ i
48. Protest meetings
2 r8 ~6 J' n, _# k 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& {* f# @# O" D
50. Teach-ins+ Z2 Z- u7 T( z, ]6 Q
) l8 _7 q3 d# j8 ~. A) R
Withdrawal and Renunciation
$ I4 m/ A5 f8 }. f 51. Walk-outs
0 D" m, {- c" y1 P3 g3 B 52. Silence
( S* ~! v4 r. c 53. Renouncing honors
$ `# c2 j+ B' H* `" p0 N 54. Turning one’s back0 t+ `) `% l9 M
) c4 [7 \- o# H! ~5 R# ~+ |- K3 _3 g 2 K2 K- w% R0 s; y% i
# n) W7 T: Q/ O' m
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION8 _3 G- X! p _9 S ~& w
# K( U$ a$ l; `7 x! J
& O' r' w. S$ B4 o2 F' @5 h. v
7 w0 q9 f" M& F2 I
Ostracism of Persons
& V) w; r! J* M$ w/ [* E: `5 \5 e3 q 55. Social boycott/ U( u. ]; U- T3 z3 x
56. Selective social boycott
* ~: f/ F0 l. E" i. V 57. Lysistratic nonaction
% ^& I8 j L' W 58. Excommunication
1 V3 y9 Z0 l* @0 p 59. Interdict9 |, T" ~$ e( A1 Z( r, a2 ^
' }( z6 _) c+ y1 E( M# ^- Z4 r6 XNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& B9 X% Q" j: J$ c+ Z, n 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) W& B7 Z. D3 @& Z9 c 61. Boycott of social affairs( g# H( v: k* w- Z' v
62. Student strike4 x2 U. D6 j# _) q: W8 J- V) H7 O
63. Social disobedience
6 t& b+ S- f; o9 i6 M3 A 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
, P b5 A& G5 h3 W9 B. W1 a5 ^
5 c1 ^- {$ T8 H& yWithdrawal from the Social System
, n# ~6 \" c1 s I 65. Stay-at-home
" s- h- L- R) a+ k x) L" ? 66. Total personal noncooperation
& K2 x( h' i7 E2 T& O/ a 67. “Flight” of workers
( h6 P6 d: J$ y: L' B# g: [5 x4 O 68. Sanctuary" _6 S( ^) B' I- @: ^: J3 x% P
69. Collective disappearance
% X+ K4 Z3 |1 S+ ^ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): R5 c* j4 o: F+ M5 H% v9 n1 e
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS) Y* T) a9 W: [
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8 }: p1 @& y' R7 v3 w) ]Actions by Consumers! b4 \5 R! c& I9 ?
71. Consumers’ boycott$ B: y' t. s3 X6 i3 z' c4 f
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' ?8 A5 B# n( d5 L6 C) Q2 t
73. Policy of austerity+ p6 ^/ h* d. D2 W9 q1 x8 U
74. Rent withholding: V6 M# q8 d1 k4 s7 W) A
75. Refusal to rent
1 t" K, [) m3 l7 ^! I 76. National consumers’ boycott `; P2 U( K' q1 k- [& D
77. International consumers’ boycott
1 }4 T1 @" h; h& d6 f
% w4 ?! H9 R7 e( Z8 iAction by Workers and Producers
7 J% b! [- p; W P5 \# Q5 k 78. Workmen’s boycott
2 {1 Q1 v* m5 K2 F0 s8 | 79. Producers’ boycott! l- d, \* ^% E- u. t( f7 N
/ A9 M* ]* a- s! R& HAction by Middlemen: x% ~% |5 h# m3 ^4 ^. p: ^) e- X
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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# W- o. K9 }3 {6 A- r! o5 SAction by Owners and Management5 o8 m# N$ q7 }6 o4 u
81. Traders’ boycott
0 E o7 B( ]! Q+ c1 }% L 82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 d" h* z/ O: }0 {( ^$ w$ L( D4 ] 83. Lockout4 m+ Z0 i) Z9 q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance! v& L1 o" x! E: d6 V" {! z% {
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 l5 u2 L) u9 C
3 C2 x: T% X, s; iAction by Holders of Financial Resources
6 s+ T5 e2 T8 P$ i- u; H 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits3 ?) b- V' e" |7 w6 V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* q' v1 l# j9 Q) v: Y+ @3 d3 ^
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest X V5 V/ r# U7 H" W! D
89. Severance of funds and credit
- ~; d7 O4 a- z1 d9 K 90. Revenue refusal5 f' B z8 m2 S& X" R2 X2 E
91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 Y1 C5 ]8 O: I5 g8 D+ R' }5 d3 t6 Y+ ^% g- U/ B* N
Action by Governments
+ s/ I7 R2 u2 w9 f F 92. Domestic embargo
. I/ e3 ~3 E7 a' | 93. Blacklisting of traders
- K% N8 W9 o7 E% f1 C 94. International sellers’ embargo
4 {# n, f; ?1 a. s. u 95. International buyers’ embargo7 i: Q' J' N( k; a7 U! `& ^
96. International trade embargo" X H* U. T# D7 d5 S& ^/ k; g
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; o& k. m# i+ u- S5 ^( h% O3 PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ E, B- P x% x, k1 O! y
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: X5 n4 l- \6 I1 M$ ~$ z5 K/ t$ LSymbolic Strikes" I% d) J# Q: h" t9 P. N& s
97. Protest strike
P. n4 [9 U7 \3 G+ S. w1 u 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ N! v: W' `! c# r6 s
" `% c- J( {2 Y" p% S
Agricultural Strikes. e/ g( _9 X" v. A) \: q
99. Peasant strike. M. G& L3 m! d7 p& o
100. Farm Workers’ strike
+ X% ]4 x, R# X: f+ Y G8 G6 ~3 W3 x: @+ u, Z
Strikes by Special Groups
# h# U7 N' z' J3 v: D. x 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 c n8 Z9 r* B" v 102. Prisoners’ strike0 D- ?" @% A# n5 Q) Z6 }
103. Craft strike }; c/ C6 \) D m& G' O
104. Professional strike
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* N% s. ]) D# ^+ [# L' FOrdinary Industrial Strikes k: P- E: k @" S
105. Establishment strike: z- h8 b* f: G3 F7 a+ Y# q. v
106. Industry strike3 m* D: g C7 h3 m% Y
107. Sympathetic strike2 r) c; w8 q6 H# G, J
; _9 I4 e( E$ \* F1 S
Restricted Strikes* J) I; g% w8 i* G
108. Detailed strike
7 ?0 E$ w7 ?/ [ K% W 109. Bumper strike3 e0 y/ a! Y7 N5 ]; ]
110. Slowdown strike
( c8 d3 I8 w8 S1 u5 x* H$ Y% b, [ 111. Working-to-rule strike
- K- E/ [# v" x ~ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)/ l4 e: q: ^, ` m1 |
113. Strike by resignation
5 `4 P) O u/ J" t/ {- A3 n 114. Limited strike
8 b: }) O2 g# u, i% o& m: D 115. Selective strike- ?0 R" E# x$ [9 R: C s" H
) V9 J! r p& D3 l" a
Multi-Industry Strikes
# ]: t* v2 j/ ]2 L2 ]8 D: ]
1 d" x A/ C( D/ a1 O 116. Generalized strike
' g/ \% f) t6 y" J& K0 r% S
$ w6 X7 e+ l5 i2 @ 117. General strike! j5 x/ L- z; G9 v8 k7 G$ v, m/ v
4 S0 q! y# G+ C5 C: B* l+ NCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ |9 K1 v7 {/ c( _1 C: k7 |
3 N% M# k. Y8 k) k7 R 118. Hartal' u9 |# ^& m7 o% U) B
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119. Economic shutdown! {* O2 P+ U, [4 Z9 j
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+ Y7 k- j+ H9 {/ g( a9 l
: t$ F7 d. [$ B" WTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION s: h& ^# N' {& m
) E9 X3 F' x% k( v% n( b
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Rejection of Authority
! O7 |5 {- F8 { H% K( u; s" R 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& r. \/ L0 v# A$ z- u! t) v
121. Refusal of public support
/ L* T: a: D) V# @; x4 B 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
# w; D! e0 I9 D' r
- h2 n- _" }/ C: fCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
( G0 G) Q* B: H( G, O9 l 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
, @6 N2 |) D0 ]& d) d: ] 124. Boycott of elections5 g, j [1 y$ \8 i, u$ v! }
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% l s; N9 f( n- v 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) y' s$ w6 N6 [7 ?: n 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
2 s) R! H! t+ d ]0 m! w! m" r% n 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
: O$ k+ o' j: Z8 ?6 N; f k( V% c 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ P" J4 p1 h: a( e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: A- ]* B0 X, O1 \9 |4 X2 U0 e' T
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. N# T M* o* i! r3 P' d+ s
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
0 L, V% A1 d% i2 m9 d3 X
: w/ W3 n0 d6 Y" `Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( }5 l; ~' r# g9 d+ y( A. j 133. Reluctant and slow compliance# z. @# \! s: W7 V+ Q) F
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) B w8 `$ ^$ w) Z- m r0 L7 F# i 135. Popular nonobedience; J) s8 C# B; ~8 S# W A
136. Disguised disobedience+ {+ m ?6 E1 h {6 n
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ a1 @- V+ l I
138. Sitdown
4 ?+ k7 [/ W/ x 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 ]/ Z+ `& i3 m# R, u2 `) A0 Z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
8 t7 s. u' ~3 c* f" X) O% T 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) y7 s) [! Z+ M% c8 w: A, {
. H/ v- c2 M9 h( rAction by Government Personnel% B9 I3 ?+ D1 ]! j0 D/ d
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
E) X9 A. F% B- w 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
4 L: Z* R# ~, ^+ b# Z 144. Stalling and obstruction8 W* I4 k* {9 U" b# N' ]
145. General administrative noncooperation
9 `. q9 J( F& x* T5 Q
% S& G+ @# e3 T* l! }4 `$ Q. ` 146. Judicial noncooperation& {9 G3 ~$ _2 D. n. f+ ?
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 J& T, j5 G Z+ X2 ] 148. Mutiny/ x% E7 S2 e8 e- h
Domestic Governmental Action* u3 f: T, a3 s/ u& r
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) c) P4 t+ l6 D3 p+ T1 C: X& l 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. `4 t0 a8 |' h
0 Y: i8 F( }. x1 ~" k4 A. ^International Governmental Action0 G' P7 b7 K/ ~! [) V' |( V
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ ?2 k9 R5 o/ c- O
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& X7 X" D# S+ ]0 G# y P% r; u 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
0 f' w- m; e5 U8 H8 t. c 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. N/ X- o: i" F! e 155. Withdrawal from international organizations# t! H5 H; w- o- X7 e
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" f% M5 ]+ G# U$ a! H5 B
157. Expulsion from international organizations: B9 U: e8 t0 X) a
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
& n8 [& f1 |: P3 B {' z1 M. S4 D3 M$ i* n0 G7 z
" f ~: l7 e) S2 `
Psychological Intervention" P2 C' |/ B4 Y. _* _
158. Self-exposure to the elements, B" J7 O/ d' |" q8 V
159. The fast
/ {3 a6 j- G$ N" B( F: I a) Fast of moral pressure! G7 h* A/ f" U" J, H
b) Hunger strike' o$ `& d9 \9 r. T9 c8 ^# \! g5 Z
c) Satyagrahic fast, @+ d. j9 q: a# w* r+ _* ] ~
160. Reverse trial
, `' h! N/ L( h7 F, v$ C: q* l 161. Nonviolent harassment- @5 d4 B- x% L% y1 O
! `9 _3 V; Z% D* Z0 [! \) ]1 uPhysical Intervention
6 \$ m! \4 m/ ?: \8 p5 ^: { 162. Sit-in
0 U' o4 ` @5 H4 V, t) _) a 163. Stand-in
0 P3 |9 Z: h! d% J# I4 e7 ~3 O6 c 164. Ride-in
/ y9 h' `) `0 I 165. Wade-in
: D6 S% ]3 G9 `4 Z& p 166. Mill-in" i* N1 P Y; H* i: y
167. Pray-in
4 X# E6 B, n: H4 ]1 i 168. Nonviolent raids% E0 C `& y$ k% |
169. Nonviolent air raids# l8 J3 d! e9 L- W( s3 K% R
170. Nonviolent invasion
# l6 d/ v* F a" L 171. Nonviolent interjection
L9 A1 z }* A! W 172. Nonviolent obstruction
; c$ |1 C8 r) R* u, e/ P, _ 173. Nonviolent occupation/ E6 ? Z* y: ~
+ j2 _" X4 D1 z/ C& XSocial Intervention+ T: r- u) v4 N
174. Establishing new social patterns
" P* ]: _( f1 J/ h4 v) X" u- e 175. Overloading of facilities& n6 G/ I/ Q. @5 n6 ~# J" r6 q* [" i
176. Stall-in
: X0 E; m% R4 X8 x6 ` 177. Speak-in& D2 b% g: ]- m5 i
178. Guerrilla theater
) j3 J& E0 Z8 f+ c# o 179. Alternative social institutions
. y) l% f2 D R0 b 180. Alternative communication system
! I7 U+ S" s! D t v* a+ r
$ T8 |6 X( P. p/ [Economic Intervention" \5 n- {3 @; [
181. Reverse strike5 b0 }- Z" w$ g7 f) T5 c
182. Stay-in strike8 }* A" R/ Y1 Z: u
183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 P8 X c9 R2 R 184. Defiance of blockades
' b0 p7 X6 V3 a3 K9 |* J: r 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 u4 q' g) N6 Z' o) E1 e 186. Preclusive purchasing1 p9 w5 o+ M* T: a* e0 k# A# a( ]8 k* O* p
187. Seizure of assets
) x; v! Z, I6 G- Q* f, d+ W 188. Dumping8 D3 \) \! B4 Q% X% }$ M; b
189. Selective patronage
8 V8 z# n5 t2 ?' g 190. Alternative markets1 g% e W6 U% O) }9 s
191. Alternative transportation systems4 k! ~, Y- P/ c/ x+ W' l* _
192. Alternative economic institutions
! j! Q2 ~6 k- d4 j7 Y6 H) E; r# ~) b |& z& ?8 g
Political Intervention
, y3 H; H! P- ^9 t5 [' e; T 193. Overloading of administrative systems
& s4 D$ I6 y8 N& T$ p 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
w$ B5 w( I8 z- x 195. Seeking imprisonment
- _+ ]3 t( p% I; b1 N+ k 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws7 y/ R r- l. F) \6 Z" H
197. Work-on without collaboration3 a& l8 U; m/ ]) h3 ^
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 y/ }, s1 H/ K2 y' m7 r) J
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
