 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
[+ z# H5 y6 e, o7 IFormal Statements
9 @0 C c8 A& x9 P( T1 o4 m 1. Public Speeches" R9 @9 e: u- m5 e3 T/ d
2. Letters of opposition or support
+ a0 d4 G" D4 ^) Q2 i; E9 k 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions d& W. t( c# ^& R! G
4. Signed public statements1 N8 a* Q+ `0 t
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ j5 T. q, P& G
6. Group or mass petitions) `$ h( X: H/ t; Y/ R$ a, P
! U6 L$ N) i. k' q1 L" C% hCommunications with a Wider Audience
3 m8 _( I: U) N: Q1 w 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 N C* D$ P9 a+ q# f9 S% I 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) n, n8 ]8 k: ^6 ` N7 @% ~' T 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, O- [' B! o& k+ ~ S3 O
10. Newspapers and journals
6 n; O2 a& \: e: w 11. Records, radio, and television
# b# S* c* T) l; [0 o( W 12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 Q- j) g& S3 O+ t' s
& t1 A; T( g5 b7 x; W
Group Representations
% `6 W# P4 d( z" G1 x 13. Deputations( B* j' p, K5 u0 n# c9 A" Y" c! W
14. Mock awards
- l( z8 Z/ q. @) O' M# ]2 x0 X/ T2 E 15. Group lobbying
9 Y1 A/ a7 t* v3 A 16. Picketing
% a/ a6 O% a7 }2 \ 17. Mock elections
5 g; c; t: H/ z# D t6 `) l$ O% z9 W, t3 o
Symbolic Public Acts& | |6 ^' f$ h5 n% Q* m/ W1 x1 W
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors4 w. @/ z; A1 N0 z3 \
19. Wearing of symbols
% C @% o5 T) J/ n 20. Prayer and worship
4 A3 B2 b9 s7 H* B 21. Delivering symbolic objects5 c( O. L/ A( t- e, ~7 \4 A7 p$ a$ U
22. Protest disrobings) c, r; F6 o* N4 Z
23. Destruction of own property
- y5 p) A' _( I( ^% I3 I; n 24. Symbolic lights2 U5 O* c |. j, G' ]1 ~$ V
25. Displays of portraits5 \8 S- v, x# C4 \4 z h6 R0 H9 h
26. Paint as protest6 m! e& _* H: ^2 m
27. New signs and names+ r; c y+ z2 V! k: e$ G
28. Symbolic sounds
, S- L5 g5 Z) r; z2 M 29. Symbolic reclamations6 R* z* ?9 ~. u9 D }- t9 g
30. Rude gestures
; S! a- b: i& `' `0 z
6 p6 w4 ]6 W9 l$ _Pressures on Individuals4 R) F: }; ^+ A3 U' G7 L, W
31. “Haunting” officials
5 h+ l: K% n+ n& s 32. Taunting officials; _# W( D1 ]) i2 H
33. Fraternization
7 Z @, @2 W* o( L 34. Vigils
* W$ O' e: q5 ]" X) f3 ]3 X: d* @5 J* C
Drama and Music
2 H+ h+ G9 \* m# p 35. Humorous skits and pranks
# a, V- P- J5 r: S; ]8 N0 _3 ~/ a 36. Performances of plays and music% ~+ H5 b7 B& E7 W* j2 t
37. Singing
! V9 l; _( V! K' q0 I X# I" a- a; Z% M1 x; E1 ^3 f) @, [
Processions$ ^0 f) k D; `( z( i( t* n
38. Marches9 V: W Y/ G( Z' O; }6 V/ A0 J0 ~
39. Parades
' I3 P/ s- c8 `0 m$ o. M2 ^ 40. Religious processions
$ Y" e: n v9 M8 t$ K 41. Pilgrimages
5 {8 b0 @9 q) P2 m* q 42. Motorcades
+ W- i! ?& s+ @% x+ p* ?/ m8 G x; M& N8 ?) ^8 o" J* F! S2 I
Honoring the Dead
2 _+ B; w- A3 w" y9 A 43. Political mourning
6 d5 R0 A. L1 v- d& e3 K 44. Mock funerals& x9 J2 N: O J; F
45. Demonstrative funerals
; n2 v& Z# y7 |, R 46. Homage at burial places
5 y( z7 D% _5 v* i
2 v m `2 I7 _Public Assemblies
9 b- Q( Q' B0 k: \% e- N4 Z 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* n2 V3 z5 N( G7 F1 N& p 48. Protest meetings
+ l3 j! I+ V+ }4 b 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest4 U( |! w6 G* I/ K X$ l
50. Teach-ins4 D( M+ b+ X/ j* B0 a. j* t% K& V
8 g) @2 Z$ Y0 @" M7 |4 x9 d1 N& UWithdrawal and Renunciation9 q" R8 l3 `" |# A/ ?
51. Walk-outs
/ \4 R! U$ o$ X8 `- y( P2 ` 52. Silence# [2 \& G: h F: j- B& u
53. Renouncing honors4 j) l# V" ~0 q1 D {( C `# ?
54. Turning one’s back0 p$ s! B j1 R% R
9 H9 a4 j2 j1 D$ H# c: Y4 v
9 p0 c8 m1 U& U
" U" {6 N2 r$ M6 WTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 K) C8 @. `& u! p5 B5 a
2 k- q5 O& }5 C
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& [" e8 @( @! q3 ~. |4 p- pOstracism of Persons
% X0 b! g8 q/ s% Y) H$ i5 p 55. Social boycott
- s5 x8 A5 W/ F- g+ d 56. Selective social boycott5 ^) B$ l# F! \
57. Lysistratic nonaction }4 b7 o- V0 i8 w c, k D
58. Excommunication
% ]' a; C$ O5 p6 p 59. Interdict' h! O% Z4 H4 d# W( @# u' B
# ?3 \3 M9 k$ [0 G7 R- m4 f
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: I+ B3 c2 L$ `3 @
60. Suspension of social and sports activities U7 a( g1 z/ J% k- R2 q6 \- b
61. Boycott of social affairs* v' K f1 k% ]$ A( p# f
62. Student strike
$ X6 N z+ `8 c, _; X- ?$ D: v* ? 63. Social disobedience
1 K% d, m2 L4 A& }9 |9 q0 Q1 v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions, z6 S7 \; C/ o& V* H3 N9 x
# f( X5 k2 y. M/ g/ a" ^8 ^- tWithdrawal from the Social System
! X$ I A) ]. w: a) ^, |& S 65. Stay-at-home( g! I" o- V9 C M5 L
66. Total personal noncooperation
% d/ C$ k$ E& | 67. “Flight” of workers3 ?& O0 p2 U8 w4 ?
68. Sanctuary' p5 V- Q: b/ n. X
69. Collective disappearance5 T8 U. s# T' V+ q- r7 m+ K
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
" Z5 I# {# ^* [6 l
4 M+ A. c, m- H% i" B. j( ^6 _ 7 V% o( S3 Q( r2 n4 P0 E3 g5 T
v8 g9 S! L" h) TTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS' A& L1 @; g# M* n6 Z* \: ]% k. O
3 l8 y; X0 S) J+ [; a
" _: y: z# N1 u- e5 h1 R
Actions by Consumers" w# U3 R9 Y% u
71. Consumers’ boycott5 f8 K" |' Z* d7 o( Z% x
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 o" x+ U; K# G3 N& G7 O8 ` 73. Policy of austerity% B& h% A$ ]5 K7 b' f
74. Rent withholding
4 ^* S M, O, G4 v) P 75. Refusal to rent$ ]5 d4 d; _! L1 h& z- p
76. National consumers’ boycott5 o( f( \( \3 M. R$ s
77. International consumers’ boycott5 ~# i( T1 f/ P0 a% p e/ H" t
! ]# W+ `2 ?" h+ P0 xAction by Workers and Producers3 e# P% b! c3 M# ?
78. Workmen’s boycott: H3 c5 O& j6 |/ U! t! f- m
79. Producers’ boycott
' ^8 U7 \$ Q3 n) B: e
& q8 J T4 S1 t, E# uAction by Middlemen2 b( j8 C9 J. M. g$ ~3 `
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
4 X$ P% P/ m/ M" b9 p8 B8 h G( \+ Q, p) q8 j( C- j3 Z- X
Action by Owners and Management
8 }$ J" d3 _/ } 81. Traders’ boycott
, ]8 m8 [7 I( V; O 82. Refusal to let or sell property+ O4 e% ?3 |( H
83. Lockout9 @& [4 }3 Y2 m1 ]& P' s2 |5 d
84. Refusal of industrial assistance- L6 W7 V! o* C( w* Q- q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
3 p4 p4 {' a5 x$ C5 m" ?! i; @: z& s/ u0 }
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
. L8 z$ _2 ~5 U5 j6 f4 g. ?2 O 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 a8 c1 Q5 w% u( ^" e 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 y e0 d0 b- _+ q5 a* E y 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" k( j* b" K5 K0 M9 l: T6 U" A. D
89. Severance of funds and credit
9 H3 F* u. _- F7 N2 N 90. Revenue refusal: f2 R& S5 r, l
91. Refusal of a government’s money5 N5 L0 R4 J/ Q9 x! B# V/ p
" c. M, M+ s- {# G9 ]Action by Governments: j3 x, k0 `( B/ D2 E* A
92. Domestic embargo9 p8 t1 q+ z# y. I
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 Y9 c! w. e/ X( p& w 94. International sellers’ embargo I1 `8 z5 ]% z( }8 O7 k9 ~' b E
95. International buyers’ embargo
" O8 s& f2 `; i/ m 96. International trade embargo" X N4 [0 v( e2 Q* e6 F: ?
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5 N8 Y& x8 p, T9 Z9 S
: ^& O. g0 O( r* Z/ G. Y8 y) ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
$ ~/ {$ t3 i' q& s+ U9 h9 F0 P! [$ M
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Symbolic Strikes0 ]. N* U" R5 r, d8 A; m
97. Protest strike7 Q) l1 ^9 Y0 A
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
! {4 i% g7 t! C' n" l% d w: n; T: B! u# F' A; M* F
Agricultural Strikes
& D# r& t$ X( g9 ?9 \ 99. Peasant strike
5 T6 I: m$ u7 B5 Y9 n 100. Farm Workers’ strike. {6 N7 [3 H6 C
# V, ^, @$ d* WStrikes by Special Groups
) s4 z' e" o4 p) M, g 101. Refusal of impressed labor; J) n2 E6 k/ t8 c5 S1 b+ u" z& t
102. Prisoners’ strike
2 E6 f1 q Q: x: g 103. Craft strike
; S/ `' V6 ?2 R9 y: T 104. Professional strike- c5 B% y# E7 Q- O' t1 `4 Z
6 Z/ v/ t* D( L4 i) Q
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
& m/ R* B5 e) e9 @) h 105. Establishment strike
5 X2 ~' @( f0 K) [# z 106. Industry strike9 c6 T4 T' v2 Y3 |
107. Sympathetic strike/ j8 h% [5 s( e# Q* ~+ g
6 B1 Y, [9 G% U
Restricted Strikes& i5 w$ c1 t; b
108. Detailed strike+ K0 T2 @* p! i! I9 k6 u
109. Bumper strike
6 u2 v8 A1 W1 B" J% w1 ]) j 110. Slowdown strike
! f% L u+ _" x6 ] 111. Working-to-rule strike9 `! n) ^& L4 H, {
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ j2 {0 q, ~) }# _ 113. Strike by resignation1 s8 n" Y. q/ K* f8 J7 x
114. Limited strike! }- C! H8 g4 E* ?$ b3 F6 v! A1 T
115. Selective strike
3 C h* ]( i+ \. d# W
3 ~ T5 M* z3 O3 G2 pMulti-Industry Strikes
) ?8 c) g b. W
# l/ \' J- F/ p6 [ 116. Generalized strike5 A: B5 Z$ v6 ]3 `$ w9 s" w; w3 k
6 a+ {- l7 M0 k6 ] 117. General strike6 C; u4 ~' t% S# }) D7 |
* e# L) C7 u" C% J4 t/ _! m; t3 j
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures* d5 c/ g; K: e4 r( B
) Y3 H, I4 Z F; A
118. Hartal5 \: e( j+ u5 i: c6 W3 }$ H5 Q
: t( R+ Z7 \, W" ?
119. Economic shutdown5 e' p% ~, F' B, |( N
^ S0 j5 j" f3 `0 X& n & n4 |+ b+ D% M. v
- V' k6 ^, e7 C% y3 T) pTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ _1 H4 B6 {% {1 a/ w; _! \% G/ p9 @- b
0 F, H# i* a9 s$ X
9 A9 l) V" W; \5 {: mRejection of Authority
" n% L. {/ _1 e N) G- c! g" u4 Q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; h: h1 {: t2 G. N* b
121. Refusal of public support/ ~: L' L \7 |! t- U0 x1 o/ G
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; m. d1 y3 s: W/ F3 t5 e, k
; i0 P" C) Y7 q c5 \7 S- xCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
3 @. Z& v6 O% i; \0 P5 \) r 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
* y, k( W4 ]' j- _; F 124. Boycott of elections- ^8 A+ u) k' n" e9 S& ^- k
125. Boycott of government employment and positions' K. I7 `% F4 }$ f" F
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
4 [4 ^) ^! }# z! F3 J( b 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions& x3 [9 V1 Q) Q/ Q/ C. m
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 g3 @* b6 o; g) ~5 `/ u% u
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ T# K/ r' ]0 b: T( b' r* T
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 o- Y3 M J+ l
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 Y, t0 M5 p* e* m1 e
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) y! o0 S6 B+ e+ o% [6 F
& a& H, {/ |- K g
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 X6 M) i4 \+ O5 B, m. s
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
{7 h& U1 p& f* M# |" z2 | 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, K3 M5 X& U0 d
135. Popular nonobedience1 k6 y* X7 ], ~5 w+ k' \. I, z# p
136. Disguised disobedience: {" `2 h( z- V% W
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ o5 ?+ V. H$ g8 E0 Y: \
138. Sitdown
% n% h( }$ R9 }4 q6 [" R: r 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* {6 j$ ~# z( T 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& y: `( ]6 G( A& c 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 k+ p* \& M0 l* a% g
6 }' b( M1 K: G& T& w( XAction by Government Personnel# `6 w/ k. D9 i! p0 W$ ?! y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 C6 U+ O8 X/ ?1 n2 s) [0 ]# G, w 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& x$ o7 l; G6 [, ?$ c- s 144. Stalling and obstruction
# N% \" f$ ~/ Z1 k5 l# d, { N 145. General administrative noncooperation+ H: G, B" o5 {
5 M# s! J# n% \* j4 t4 _. ]# s 146. Judicial noncooperation# T8 Y! q( O( _
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents$ [) T) z7 \/ x8 i8 B
148. Mutiny
1 u$ R" ]" ~: S& x& v! ~& lDomestic Governmental Action& @ f6 ?. f/ b0 R4 n" n) l. y
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& ^3 i& T. C+ P) l( a
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. S2 Z+ x% ~; c6 }) ]/ S
G' }& b! _! c6 V r! KInternational Governmental Action
! C9 f. E% u5 `3 J/ S0 ~5 i 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ x8 ~0 S4 S4 W) L
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 P* c* | y- D2 [7 Y5 ?2 g: s 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 w* c1 O# x) q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 p1 s$ ~6 `; _' @) E6 ]! ` 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ l- X/ c' G8 V 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 E' }* E. C9 H7 G( F D 157. Expulsion from international organizations
) I0 N/ \/ `# ^$ y( j+ i" W3 c O. V c. a
O( W2 X n% Q; p5 R7 N4 i- {' n$ S7 N3 x3 j0 E
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 B: m* V% o) C. N- T; ? Y7 |8 K+ n# ]' e7 H! L
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Psychological Intervention
5 i0 V8 u$ Z8 c% s% L 158. Self-exposure to the elements$ M; S9 ?- y+ T) `- n
159. The fast+ y# D. M' q+ u7 `5 H9 B( L: O
a) Fast of moral pressure( m9 e8 |9 ]* q, R; G/ ]6 {
b) Hunger strike
! x- G6 G1 v. u' D8 } c) Satyagrahic fast
( N9 M1 k- |, x 160. Reverse trial# i/ N: c* |2 w% { L
161. Nonviolent harassment
! K1 M# J! W2 D$ r$ }2 I& g' ?: c. D) L
Physical Intervention# n/ m$ l# |$ N9 T
162. Sit-in/ c' i7 A& l- O, m9 J4 K& C
163. Stand-in
6 J; d/ D: S! G% K* s$ ?) v 164. Ride-in
) U- u: A" z' }! t1 u+ N& K 165. Wade-in+ h& B/ i: }& Q! Z6 j! j
166. Mill-in2 \, i& i3 r; u4 e2 Q( l/ y x2 t
167. Pray-in( u+ N) w, o1 B1 Z) f% f; F
168. Nonviolent raids$ E& |8 w% x2 b8 w4 N% G& i
169. Nonviolent air raids
2 Y" ^% {/ e4 | 170. Nonviolent invasion
1 L/ x: ^# n, C7 o1 c2 H 171. Nonviolent interjection
2 f( v3 b. @4 F- a 172. Nonviolent obstruction* L* \" a+ B, Y5 w
173. Nonviolent occupation2 g8 H0 m* N0 X8 X x/ N. o
$ ~+ R7 r* f9 }; K) a- h. k( j" d# V
Social Intervention$ B" ^) ?* m3 K: n
174. Establishing new social patterns: V) K( e" o7 i4 }( K$ f- k( ]
175. Overloading of facilities }: \, ^$ u; l2 C/ }0 S+ C$ p
176. Stall-in$ V3 G3 V Z5 `( Z- Q# s" {
177. Speak-in, ^% |# j J/ \! i8 p. T
178. Guerrilla theater$ w# M; o( v& J) i: \0 ^
179. Alternative social institutions3 W/ I- a7 x m
180. Alternative communication system
) O$ _4 A* @% f! Y1 n
+ I6 U: b: V$ _8 J7 }Economic Intervention: M# Q/ K8 X1 U) V$ C' C" f
181. Reverse strike$ r) I1 a' |' z( K
182. Stay-in strike
& j- t4 [% {7 [0 u/ M4 `; m 183. Nonviolent land seizure
5 E/ Z& m" I" s* l& _+ V) f 184. Defiance of blockades
+ u& i3 m* P/ D/ B& I4 T$ d 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ f/ E+ q" p- A/ P" p g+ R
186. Preclusive purchasing
0 H) m' s$ q: I0 ~2 x' x) s 187. Seizure of assets
/ b; C- e# h+ X6 Z; p 188. Dumping. \. R2 |, L7 n2 r
189. Selective patronage- Y' L4 i0 k* ?& N
190. Alternative markets
, k$ L# \) J4 H( a! M! F3 t' z 191. Alternative transportation systems5 C/ J. S5 z' ]0 Z" W
192. Alternative economic institutions
/ O1 l8 k G. W5 R" `+ Z: }$ o0 i) _) C; t3 k
Political Intervention
( Y) e* D+ f9 F0 ?' k) a( E( B/ s+ X 193. Overloading of administrative systems- X/ D8 k1 e% _0 e( J/ n. }
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 ?. V8 T1 s5 h; @ 195. Seeking imprisonment
" m6 o0 c) d" A7 J" d# H 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 N! V4 j1 n3 h7 c# T5 o1 `- ~ 197. Work-on without collaboration) N, c' ]5 G3 H% k; [6 h/ b
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government9 w8 T8 g/ M) m. W7 D: f! K* y4 Q
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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