 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. M+ E: Y, m( ]+ v5 g' h
Formal Statements
% Z8 o" m3 c8 }$ ]9 d8 m" Z. T8 T 1. Public Speeches
- M. r, \/ O# q' n# L 2. Letters of opposition or support
3 v6 s$ b4 q t1 {1 J |7 B 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions L9 W3 i: H9 r& @ K
4. Signed public statements
/ t4 g6 U( ^7 ~% z 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
3 d! \9 o6 s3 r+ m% x3 x 6. Group or mass petitions! P3 h: v7 j: ?
) O6 P4 y2 z; r i4 b( E! ?) G/ NCommunications with a Wider Audience
6 W* K: D7 x) J" `+ }) c- ], B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols! _; T2 e& G9 O& R: o/ l5 g2 U
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 F4 N+ l- T# Q* u 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( f9 w, R5 I* ~3 L 10. Newspapers and journals" h% G& s9 S. s! r* o: i: q; k
11. Records, radio, and television
0 ~# ?0 [9 Y/ T+ o4 i8 c5 q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( ?! {9 g3 X; @. D2 @$ v6 L- O9 H6 C- _! r6 f& Y/ L
Group Representations
# Y4 P* P( g: U9 N+ v1 k8 F 13. Deputations
/ U3 b& U }6 w$ |' q 14. Mock awards
9 @( e) @6 |& K3 N# o 15. Group lobbying5 C" _. K( U# B5 k8 U# R
16. Picketing% u) q9 u" [; f! }! h5 T
17. Mock elections
4 N9 I6 f- E1 q- b2 f8 Z2 `7 M) I( V" Q, }* D& p
Symbolic Public Acts
% Z/ _+ V3 Z' I' q7 Q2 C# `5 H: [ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ K9 G# x2 {+ ^( K+ _$ P9 ]9 p 19. Wearing of symbols8 W" _. i/ B# r3 @! N
20. Prayer and worship! R% ?$ \; v S# A
21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ Y' B& w+ m6 f- ]2 e* N 22. Protest disrobings% }- H4 N1 A+ e( F/ v
23. Destruction of own property. ^% G, ]/ y* B2 m# f
24. Symbolic lights
1 D7 ]' k1 s$ L! j" j$ T5 K 25. Displays of portraits
7 D; v% y) l: D6 ^# G% x+ E/ t# C 26. Paint as protest/ ^7 H6 E* c# w+ w
27. New signs and names
5 N3 x4 I1 P7 q" k8 v! N 28. Symbolic sounds
4 m# x. k+ a. Y5 ?, N 29. Symbolic reclamations h+ ~* G: W/ k! [" V1 }
30. Rude gestures6 _+ `# R) V( _/ X0 O
( U3 V( |! a4 P0 Y3 J
Pressures on Individuals
( \3 k: P: v: ~ 31. “Haunting” officials/ W% X, `5 r* S/ g2 A; ?1 U
32. Taunting officials
4 |7 Y" C' k4 s( E 33. Fraternization
$ w, I5 U+ q1 W9 B+ q% ] 34. Vigils! {. k* f, w3 F
, N2 b; s# V$ nDrama and Music
# S ]" a7 _+ ?/ i 35. Humorous skits and pranks9 {) S3 `; ?4 v9 |
36. Performances of plays and music
( U$ i4 O+ Y* A8 Z" |& @& ~$ o 37. Singing) n1 _1 L8 _ M9 h9 h7 A$ [
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Processions
# k j2 U; h5 c* u' U) C$ ~3 G 38. Marches* k9 J# W1 m+ i
39. Parades
1 G- G' ~( X3 W x9 S l 40. Religious processions" b( T3 p/ f) N. b- r+ \
41. Pilgrimages
/ E f- o/ s! J( g9 |; f 42. Motorcades _9 _% l0 J9 P) |+ z8 Y9 _
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Honoring the Dead
" `# z8 e' s* G! A" d 43. Political mourning' |$ w6 D d, h2 m) h/ U
44. Mock funerals% `( ^7 ?3 h+ p0 ]: @! R9 m
45. Demonstrative funerals( D, W8 g9 t+ ^% t5 _, J0 \/ a ?
46. Homage at burial places
! Q) k: V" m; Q' r. W
; z; |4 Q8 ]& P6 }- a1 ^Public Assemblies
5 J, n7 W! U8 r 47. Assemblies of protest or support) `: ]$ U* g k5 z# K
48. Protest meetings
4 q d; v' N" B, { 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 \9 V1 t" R$ ~# {6 [, X 50. Teach-ins
/ J5 c/ N' X8 U( C: X2 }( q! I- G5 L5 z2 a- k0 ~
Withdrawal and Renunciation' }! h" R: N0 d6 ?9 L
51. Walk-outs' P i. H9 B' n4 K
52. Silence
8 ]! p5 l; j- o, }3 Y' @6 d3 s 53. Renouncing honors
! m. B, b( s$ A& K) A# C 54. Turning one’s back
( G G# f, m3 B* j+ a
* t) k! w4 c/ Y7 \( z+ d, Y p5 @: i ! P, W. f! m5 ?+ W+ L& B
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% I7 W7 V2 Z9 f; |7 V {1 N
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6 o; O# a* D5 O$ dOstracism of Persons
& B5 H4 r, E, p 55. Social boycott( M# i" B# L( _* A& O b+ t2 G
56. Selective social boycott
! H1 s, ~+ [7 n6 O. x/ j% a 57. Lysistratic nonaction! ~( `. f- l: M! C! @8 Q
58. Excommunication
: Q% W! R3 \0 U1 ]& v 59. Interdict
7 }: V/ t3 z- U* q$ z
! I5 a9 [( h0 M3 L4 B& ~8 f F" iNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) V. N3 z7 f# E& S8 R8 ?- G' T
60. Suspension of social and sports activities; U2 O h% c2 W
61. Boycott of social affairs
4 {1 i$ K+ d6 u& P% K% D( V 62. Student strike
/ ^) ?3 C% ]" F/ t 63. Social disobedience# u9 ]0 O1 n" h& ~: @
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 ? H8 d/ w# K( Y& q; {; C2 X" o: Z) x6 s' c
Withdrawal from the Social System
3 _! U7 `& _$ B 65. Stay-at-home8 S+ p0 p* |- K6 D8 [' U3 J
66. Total personal noncooperation
9 [; y5 F# S$ \4 J* P1 `& F 67. “Flight” of workers
/ f1 u5 R8 z; P1 u$ ^' l 68. Sanctuary
& P) V3 L# \- C 69. Collective disappearance
. g5 i( N$ F4 J9 I ?* U* b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 j5 @3 }$ f! ?. ^! ?* u
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: [' }# }4 D4 Y2 I0 bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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# O* a6 H& l0 L' M9 P0 Q3 p, ~Actions by Consumers
; r* X/ |$ A# L 71. Consumers’ boycott/ |& J; N2 E2 T$ E. L" z
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# S( ]2 R5 r# {$ @: ^ 73. Policy of austerity
( x3 d5 [9 P# _. A 74. Rent withholding6 ^$ a; G: b# ]3 ^+ H: ~/ y Y$ A% W
75. Refusal to rent' w% ?& ~3 G( G$ i+ N
76. National consumers’ boycott* T5 x9 M! r3 `% `6 y7 _
77. International consumers’ boycott
6 c) ^8 s" L& P8 m
+ y0 b( K- {: N7 cAction by Workers and Producers
2 [4 K8 X a! X4 U6 C 78. Workmen’s boycott3 [5 h4 W/ H+ w+ j0 w0 X y9 {
79. Producers’ boycott4 m5 ?1 L. z4 K9 z8 C$ F& J/ o
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Action by Middlemen
7 s# E9 R7 ~- C 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: T+ S8 T! V; t4 P2 g3 n2 p7 L! o' P0 C+ z# {1 Y/ Q0 w
Action by Owners and Management' e9 f4 v9 s" J. k g6 q
81. Traders’ boycott" b* d1 Z9 v' [$ E0 F; F9 C8 u2 @
82. Refusal to let or sell property
, o `9 i5 f I 83. Lockout
4 ?3 n: e' J7 O2 c, s2 j6 K2 ~3 R 84. Refusal of industrial assistance, H% T w3 A: J1 _, \2 y/ Z1 S
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
- Y, `' I7 [! V. @) e
# V; n! T' y( O2 f( q+ [Action by Holders of Financial Resources
7 E" a; \& N+ U2 @0 U 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
5 P# g4 e M! D( K, ~& s) x a% K 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' }6 M; }# L2 m3 L8 X 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; N# E* {# \2 W4 e, D 89. Severance of funds and credit4 ?5 K |: { p8 K! h" M
90. Revenue refusal2 B8 w! n" s% Q8 v
91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 K+ F8 ^. i1 o, s% Q9 O" k, o7 ~1 [% Q* j
Action by Governments( [4 |3 F& S, b0 x8 c& [8 w
92. Domestic embargo9 w7 n. V$ O( ^( u' |" L/ p# V; R
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 j# h" P6 \+ U$ \+ S8 k 94. International sellers’ embargo% P- v1 r' v" f. g
95. International buyers’ embargo
- S. G7 K3 G" G6 r7 O9 h 96. International trade embargo! v Y5 Y# d7 W! x: e
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9 L6 J' c) \" p5 ?6 L' o- u/ ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE' A4 j1 @8 D& g+ k/ ~
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8 o1 }8 X8 P, c( L' N3 B4 D" A9 \Symbolic Strikes
% E! q- P) ]* f7 h% P 97. Protest strike
4 b7 j% J4 ~1 u0 k3 K 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ r- r% e+ z- V7 U; l
4 F& U, |2 `% V2 J2 j$ J" v
Agricultural Strikes
/ [" j: j% T6 H 99. Peasant strike
) K9 E. ]% S9 d, [" S. }8 @& Q 100. Farm Workers’ strike- F I& |3 i$ e" m5 S K
/ | g' o1 S w; M
Strikes by Special Groups
5 j+ W3 n2 u1 f7 N# i 101. Refusal of impressed labor2 H+ {" w, t- t& g! _: g
102. Prisoners’ strike7 Z4 M9 p( }+ [5 w! R( w
103. Craft strike
) F4 E- X1 M! z8 a% t 104. Professional strike
4 u# g# Y# W; ]+ l
/ G5 j; ]+ O9 L3 nOrdinary Industrial Strikes0 O) }8 u& M2 p+ R/ j% G2 F
105. Establishment strike
5 E1 H& E o5 l1 B0 o" L 106. Industry strike/ X4 o" [0 t" E! \; U _; W
107. Sympathetic strike
' f9 q* O5 u2 ?; ^! s6 J4 n" O h+ `5 Y5 m1 X7 b$ ?8 b
Restricted Strikes
4 w5 z0 G6 a8 B2 y 108. Detailed strike
. z( X3 Q5 j( P7 Y; | Y 109. Bumper strike6 F2 d( v9 Z1 U# _9 r- }
110. Slowdown strike4 {7 f3 g* l8 p0 i+ K; I
111. Working-to-rule strike$ G. Y4 \4 C- `& ]. _2 q- G! Q
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: B9 o9 q7 e# ^& D O- I 113. Strike by resignation
% _* @# T0 [- U/ Q; j 114. Limited strike
3 o! d. D1 @. N+ f4 f& e! _+ T; P 115. Selective strike
2 N# `' n# H4 P5 M9 H6 v5 s# Z, _ a" a* e$ i# M
Multi-Industry Strikes r9 D: p6 @6 a" x' ?
6 Y+ l9 }& }7 A- p7 h
116. Generalized strike
P2 Q3 }5 A5 L2 S! Q1 j& ?/ V
/ T+ h9 V* o1 {. S0 z$ U0 | 117. General strike8 Q" N/ H# R/ X9 U0 E* g1 ?9 }, ?
$ G- G# _' {4 B1 z4 A
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 i5 ^7 n% a( j) O2 N& r$ z, \( t) ]7 K
118. Hartal. R6 F8 b! w# ]; z/ j
2 K+ Q" P0 X0 w6 k
119. Economic shutdown
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& k7 ^* j7 w1 CTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority: E# Y C* r: x1 I5 w" r
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& D* {) @* |. {0 @ |: Y2 ~+ L7 r 121. Refusal of public support' E7 h* ~" o7 f# h7 K) e
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: w2 p% H4 |. a7 H2 C8 d
2 [2 N7 P$ N- J9 O1 V; V: \
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ w) O5 ~4 D w( d7 U" F0 s 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( J+ K, w' c: L: y 124. Boycott of elections- E% w% B4 x" f4 ~7 s+ x$ o. ?
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% w9 p% M z3 y h 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
\/ {; M* r: e5 ?2 B, o 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions. L, R: a- E3 a* y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 Z3 x1 Q. R& P; F) o K0 j. R5 u+ d
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents* g$ j/ Z2 P* M# _" B
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
7 p) o7 a* r0 u0 Q$ d% X6 E. r( l6 E2 [) R 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 @+ h3 X3 G9 i6 H! | 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- V' i8 |( J' p$ Q
- u1 k& G' b! r0 @1 f9 J' N- iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience' I( g& v2 f/ a
133. Reluctant and slow compliance* B A8 H4 ~ i6 K
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision- J6 z' n5 R3 C! A X* f- q
135. Popular nonobedience
1 X' O9 G/ C8 B 136. Disguised disobedience4 X: O6 h ?4 Q
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ w4 ^; X' T! S1 u) p
138. Sitdown
6 ?, [0 B* i! I+ c$ c8 z 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 l+ i( k' K/ o0 y! J E# t
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) d7 m; [ w, V' } E9 ^0 e
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. p5 K, [' h0 `% o% ~9 ~
" l4 X/ t4 w& ^# ^5 ]Action by Government Personnel
& x$ u5 X: e. \ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 m( {+ E7 x$ G( R% r, C9 f# L
143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ ]" V- e8 U) k
144. Stalling and obstruction
+ d" D$ c( A; O/ \" O3 z, ]5 A 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 G' U" t! n/ l! A1 U
/ ]- U+ G$ W) \ _/ C, ] 146. Judicial noncooperation+ I$ T+ H: W: I, s l- @
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
3 f+ m0 Z! F3 F- C8 c3 R. n 148. Mutiny
" W& j; c" G9 P% E- qDomestic Governmental Action
2 B; ~1 s* K2 O/ M 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! b( O+ j9 a3 x7 P. r% Q# i 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 K' R( L+ t5 G$ ?0 F; }. J7 K% Q
" l0 Q: @- F o ^% [$ ?: P3 P) P; i
International Governmental Action
l1 c3 Y1 ^0 \, `) [ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 U/ n! s- ^8 g( E0 k( h9 ?, i 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& x1 L |+ s. o6 N6 {# c/ ]- a 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: O3 n% x% Z: b* M1 R4 u
154. Severance of diplomatic relations: w B; g6 z. T, k8 y; Z& O1 x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations( Z5 g& I1 d) P }
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 [4 b2 x9 ?" k/ ^. Z n 157. Expulsion from international organizations! {' T$ z( K- H" f
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- W$ a+ M7 r& s8 \' T! aTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
6 y& G# U5 T% V; y
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Psychological Intervention
" \: O% k% C# w) S 158. Self-exposure to the elements
; g6 u, L. ~7 G5 V 159. The fast' H7 ], R* x2 s& R% t
a) Fast of moral pressure
( c6 a+ M7 i V h2 ^: l; b/ k b) Hunger strike) V$ M. G8 B- t) |: g+ F" |8 D: f$ {
c) Satyagrahic fast1 m ]1 \& Q6 y
160. Reverse trial
$ ]0 a/ f5 s3 F% S 161. Nonviolent harassment
l: O7 I6 m2 Y: |4 T
& U- g4 U- C3 p" qPhysical Intervention# A. E1 e; U1 |, N, ]$ A
162. Sit-in
' W0 C8 G' S/ ?+ N y* k 163. Stand-in
0 d6 {: v/ [" C5 H8 U. G 164. Ride-in; n3 ?2 _( m" l/ b; D
165. Wade-in& S3 z g& e k. r% h
166. Mill-in
: P& `4 ^& L- p( o 167. Pray-in- K3 L. G% U, b/ Y+ P2 n7 ~
168. Nonviolent raids
: y6 X& S# w4 q/ O 169. Nonviolent air raids* e6 d" A( |1 `& o( S
170. Nonviolent invasion2 x' C$ y3 J; U, }4 A1 G, d4 @
171. Nonviolent interjection
9 I0 p' R% t- O L; ` 172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 Z6 I' e$ _3 C# M* g6 l 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention& E# Q9 O2 L. ?2 F3 A* U& r# l
174. Establishing new social patterns% m+ J* Q% V/ n+ w; V5 r9 v
175. Overloading of facilities
' [# f) r4 e+ w7 A' f- q* g 176. Stall-in8 Q$ L$ ~2 t& p+ r' ?9 U0 {6 r
177. Speak-in
3 C) o* f f5 V+ r6 E& E3 z5 A+ U 178. Guerrilla theater
$ m! z: a! C6 P/ Y1 D/ ] 179. Alternative social institutions( j# C. g0 t6 G1 C
180. Alternative communication system6 W0 `: _4 P/ S! ~; w4 F
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Economic Intervention
( F# |; N8 N1 F: d7 | 181. Reverse strike6 _) m/ o" D: U0 D
182. Stay-in strike
+ k- o$ W% |# Z5 R6 p' k, k 183. Nonviolent land seizure7 B0 {( Q7 |2 e9 X# l
184. Defiance of blockades
- q8 f. l* f( q3 T$ U& u 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) S- `; k" r& [% w9 V 186. Preclusive purchasing4 N. \. d3 W7 O$ Z3 L( m
187. Seizure of assets* @2 a* f: Y; q z
188. Dumping
4 {/ j7 e/ q' Q$ i n- Y, v! b 189. Selective patronage
* c8 b W/ M0 _4 y* [5 q 190. Alternative markets
; K% S/ J1 ^9 P 191. Alternative transportation systems2 ]6 y) o- G' K6 l: ^/ Y5 [3 x+ S
192. Alternative economic institutions+ Y0 C1 C8 M e& w% b, i3 R
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Political Intervention3 J1 r" c$ ? M2 f, _4 o8 M
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 A7 Y" s' b/ l2 j
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# {, O2 o) B" Z# `
195. Seeking imprisonment
( [$ m# @; }/ a' _8 J& f* ^7 F 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' G# t$ o( E9 n; S
197. Work-on without collaboration
- q9 v) l5 x @4 Z2 y R 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government! e5 O* \# V; x Q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
