 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
+ Q; t# _* Z8 _- f9 X0 k; z7 RFormal Statements$ ^# G+ w( o, S# H
1. Public Speeches
" U) e/ ]4 o: e" }) X 2. Letters of opposition or support
. X2 E6 c& m, k: v( [ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions9 L1 }9 R# n) X5 g( x/ A4 W. w
4. Signed public statements
7 H) f9 X/ l! x0 I" R$ N! |' O 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( A( P: n2 [# @. m- Z4 | 6. Group or mass petitions8 `0 }& [, ]4 ]
9 V' x' k0 n. R1 K5 l
Communications with a Wider Audience
0 G8 \* F1 ^' c 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ w, P$ z* C5 F# R' e* ]- g 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ q: Q o. B P
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 G4 I9 ^, K; E# N2 {
10. Newspapers and journals
, a9 D3 W* c, x2 G3 U) f 11. Records, radio, and television) K9 w5 j: D7 D7 Z
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ B8 \' Q" r8 ]# Z+ s
: L! V, J) u* Y$ WGroup Representations
, O$ I7 f4 T; K5 r; s( \' @ 13. Deputations0 N) ~( z( ~+ K B
14. Mock awards5 M0 G1 W$ c5 A& N# N# N, c; x
15. Group lobbying0 W0 r0 b& W: s7 z& L
16. Picketing& c" v0 K4 H3 u
17. Mock elections
$ }/ m5 k. U- n# R
4 w* v# u" v& y4 ]. d! l5 vSymbolic Public Acts
o4 W: q0 K1 V4 B y+ |3 h 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: ]7 u( q$ O( ~! Z- v) H 19. Wearing of symbols+ \8 x1 R% b' u3 m8 a7 F" @
20. Prayer and worship+ R/ y$ J9 ]. P) S7 j
21. Delivering symbolic objects6 a/ V/ G; ?5 O( ~( a6 o" X2 W7 @
22. Protest disrobings. ^4 C' G! r" k0 u3 W& `& ?: _
23. Destruction of own property
3 \& W" D6 B# v$ J 24. Symbolic lights* @8 ]2 b- X9 x. U
25. Displays of portraits4 C+ |! p+ s: m2 C; x: d
26. Paint as protest3 x; |+ I/ a3 a8 T( {% w$ P6 v9 O
27. New signs and names( P+ e' h0 j5 J+ |; Z
28. Symbolic sounds& i0 o! ]7 h* b! T' h: m
29. Symbolic reclamations C1 E3 J& T3 S* Q
30. Rude gestures
+ k2 V' R. S" a. v
, a0 t. b: Q! L% t0 R1 n% OPressures on Individuals
8 H2 t# e( L6 G6 |" p) q8 D 31. “Haunting” officials
v/ x) Z- F u& ]/ X 32. Taunting officials( ]9 g) W" q* C3 A: G$ Z$ i; V
33. Fraternization- x* V- d" ?; N% h1 B$ `+ ?1 n
34. Vigils
- d% h6 I6 r" V: @: U, @$ y8 @$ N3 l
Drama and Music
# P3 W& l/ G o" ^8 m' _. V" Y+ n [ 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 K3 l' x. b+ K* K$ Z 36. Performances of plays and music
5 P7 E7 S+ c0 [# _" Z2 H 37. Singing
|5 u. z% \6 o9 @$ L
( k& _6 L# m! I! r8 kProcessions
5 P7 }( [( G3 b$ @1 g 38. Marches
9 d0 N0 k) @9 s+ w+ r 39. Parades. D$ A: I* h3 \% C T
40. Religious processions
- C( g0 J& J4 Q: @; B" J3 m 41. Pilgrimages
/ f) ?- r/ S0 n5 g: j6 n) c+ ? 42. Motorcades0 y$ ~! x4 ?2 i
3 L0 w# `2 ~: {Honoring the Dead) m. Y- f4 u, R1 y
43. Political mourning2 u/ R2 o: ~! E7 B3 d$ e1 r& A/ v
44. Mock funerals/ f$ @, \# C& i& Y- x: y: m
45. Demonstrative funerals
2 _/ q/ k, t: {+ H6 ]4 c6 c 46. Homage at burial places
z% p W- H" f+ |; u: ^" C
1 @& m. U3 D6 }/ N; \Public Assemblies- a5 O5 A0 B2 i C/ A1 b$ |0 Y* X& s |
47. Assemblies of protest or support' m) c7 L' Z. s' o' y: H3 I
48. Protest meetings
. X3 D. C% `# k# S: G) S 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 B+ `9 c! }2 X. i! G$ r 50. Teach-ins
, N" ], P% j( P x* O2 i" Q- U* t- S+ _) U
Withdrawal and Renunciation; F* \6 f4 {/ i7 g- K. k0 k
51. Walk-outs
: E! A# a; L) E \5 E- ?: n. F 52. Silence2 O" @' a* V8 M
53. Renouncing honors
/ o% t" N) M* J* b, I 54. Turning one’s back
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. G( b7 ^& c; `7 w K. }
2 a9 k; K+ v7 i7 E* }" Z
- f% W9 [* `5 v5 ^" G. {THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' z1 [& k: K! h: W7 R' r4 \" q
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! O1 Z! Q/ F# P+ L- f; L& F: N/ h% ]& @, r1 X( Q& i) c* }
Ostracism of Persons6 b4 L- q$ C/ n
55. Social boycott
: J4 B3 ~+ q/ c# k5 p7 N; ~ 56. Selective social boycott9 L& G6 _% k& h# Z* F8 A
57. Lysistratic nonaction
' m G: ]( O/ S 58. Excommunication& Q5 @5 t3 @. L# i$ s# {3 n+ C& y9 F
59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( ]& r" j+ M5 v! m5 A
60. Suspension of social and sports activities ~9 ?2 u+ a9 [$ n+ o
61. Boycott of social affairs
' a# @1 u) x* u2 F$ ] 62. Student strike
# X* H3 H5 P" B1 R) Y# m) Y 63. Social disobedience4 e% P, ?1 X! d
64. Withdrawal from social institutions* F$ P& `1 ?- @2 X8 U7 Y
# V4 l( C+ w2 n. n6 RWithdrawal from the Social System, {3 @0 @! b2 H2 a: _
65. Stay-at-home
4 Q$ C6 M! D W3 S8 |- f6 e: U3 Q 66. Total personal noncooperation
, @9 y8 D h: f 67. “Flight” of workers" ?6 a) @2 b1 ^
68. Sanctuary6 d/ f) o! ^3 E
69. Collective disappearance
, w" J, ^ I0 l- n. b 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)7 S& C: x& L. X d- `
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$ v3 O9 s1 D: y# pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! g& d6 X3 W8 @9 M5 t
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9 _, G6 I, }; ]8 q& Y
Actions by Consumers
$ ?- x# l- @8 m7 m& K 71. Consumers’ boycott
- }3 @$ z+ |2 O# {& c 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
s; H! a0 O k1 w 73. Policy of austerity4 i, Y3 Y' M/ l# c: m4 f P6 Q
74. Rent withholding
) E5 N7 U, ~- o 75. Refusal to rent
% g9 i8 }& j+ L; s 76. National consumers’ boycott
5 W& E+ l) u2 |, P0 G3 \ 77. International consumers’ boycott
+ D5 g4 u9 q' c
9 T* v* m$ M$ lAction by Workers and Producers4 x9 x4 P2 ~$ [+ C2 W1 }
78. Workmen’s boycott
I# x/ m& U- r- J' Y) e: I: l 79. Producers’ boycott
1 O% b8 i$ b# [+ h) h% |* S: k9 u' Y4 x9 g* i+ i' ^' [ [
Action by Middlemen
/ x3 | _4 @1 g 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 g6 I4 V/ l8 y, Z- d
) o6 L( ~$ f o+ m ?Action by Owners and Management9 O: P% U [0 g" X6 Q4 t- W
81. Traders’ boycott
1 l. v0 e& w* j: Y. G( ^ 82. Refusal to let or sell property q8 q" m9 k( a/ p0 }. Y! B
83. Lockout: [6 y( A+ ^1 y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance1 r/ t( s' _+ `$ e3 N1 ]/ |
85. Merchants’ “general strike”& z* z; L u/ i
5 N+ r/ P+ S% T! v4 n9 CAction by Holders of Financial Resources _; k( d; v1 G4 k2 @- r A
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% }) J7 M) w5 N# ] 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ Y/ \4 ]# r3 P; _9 j. j R$ c
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest3 A0 V+ A) i+ V+ r) \+ G
89. Severance of funds and credit P% _0 A# S2 l3 }7 E
90. Revenue refusal4 d; a( V8 i0 R( O: u
91. Refusal of a government’s money
$ s7 W$ {$ b, C6 ^3 ?0 r
! o6 ?# t$ Y1 cAction by Governments! o0 h8 i7 |$ Z
92. Domestic embargo
9 p$ R3 i; b7 d$ i3 Z$ X* N 93. Blacklisting of traders
+ q1 Z- f+ z' _5 s 94. International sellers’ embargo
8 K4 A+ g( d# `% g0 C2 k 95. International buyers’ embargo
5 f1 l# ~# |2 t$ s 96. International trade embargo: F% M/ a, f3 Z1 q
5 l! Y5 {# I8 Z6 _! F. H) q) O. X
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9 m- u1 ]: @; k6 yTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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5 s$ H, G/ Z4 Y- ]) C% W! DSymbolic Strikes2 v3 l! E# Z' q9 O+ i
97. Protest strike) Q5 k% j8 Y/ @. N+ n
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)+ ]( W% M% x: [8 V+ k6 m9 ], l
2 M$ @4 \# L6 [2 [) WAgricultural Strikes. g# |' v3 r; i' ^: Z
99. Peasant strike
& U% d2 t& G( q$ }( f! q7 q4 Q! ? Y 100. Farm Workers’ strike* n k" l" Z+ e2 c0 Y- z
6 `4 m1 I- B: ~9 ^1 B' T% y4 p
Strikes by Special Groups B- c9 w1 j6 t3 D' x7 [
101. Refusal of impressed labor8 _) Y& ^& ?, ^ E2 N* w- i8 P2 a- B
102. Prisoners’ strike- O ?4 r( I& I4 ~
103. Craft strike
N" q- N0 M: Y) i0 l/ A* n# p 104. Professional strike1 e I5 l; Z5 x' L2 E# Y
* @! F1 H& ` e- x6 mOrdinary Industrial Strikes' W" k; s2 [& N- p% F
105. Establishment strike
) O5 C# P! ~& ?$ W 106. Industry strike
. D6 ^# t; Y+ { \2 y 107. Sympathetic strike! L L% m0 A0 o' u$ v
- g% ` f" P7 V" M- n: r. URestricted Strikes
& F* n) ^2 ^% e: r/ A( N) ^ 108. Detailed strike
2 }2 P$ h6 b- _' {* D 109. Bumper strike, S* V$ j4 t% D) {- {3 a- M
110. Slowdown strike
. d, M4 t: M" @2 P& h* W 111. Working-to-rule strike0 H$ A9 K3 ^$ ?" S# y+ A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 E% e" _, p, a9 E% c) s 113. Strike by resignation
* j+ d1 w9 ]$ a: _: P9 b 114. Limited strike
% Y0 i% T8 q0 I+ G) Q" t 115. Selective strike
$ ^3 B9 `" A3 o) b+ }) g" i- P
* W0 }3 w7 a4 Q; R1 v; M- O( QMulti-Industry Strikes
" n" Q$ _7 l' X1 u
6 p& r1 {) R' p% \7 P% o# n$ E 116. Generalized strike
* o8 A" l4 @* C' ]$ x
% p0 a6 j/ }/ O2 }9 H5 U; O! V5 P 117. General strike5 \5 p- q( s z2 x
- T, P+ y- Y0 |/ xCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures% a' q# B) x3 M& e# T
5 G8 _- S& c. \* p9 C& g W
118. Hartal
' H6 _% ?/ f% b! r- D# U& t, v; }+ D1 j" o f8 a) _
119. Economic shutdown- b3 [8 T; f1 i3 k4 M5 r
3 r+ y: a' }- \& a4 h, ]+ V
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+ m) W! ?9 q, c3 U5 h6 UTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
: e/ l4 U( c) a; p' t6 a: w 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- _2 ^; q& `; g/ l" x, |7 X# K+ _9 J
121. Refusal of public support
) Y" D: k+ X: g8 Q; c j, ` 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 X; X3 G I9 {8 V2 ]* k8 S
0 q# U( V. F# N5 u3 jCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. J0 T# C+ \- k( i2 q 123. Boycott of legislative bodies# E# j7 Z" C- a C' s( k
124. Boycott of elections2 z: I& D w6 r& r! H2 J, L2 o
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) _% D7 `7 w( m( |4 z: e 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# f$ b f( Y! V 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! F% L3 @: S0 W3 i; w+ i$ } p& M$ P 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
0 k8 F: @6 ^& ~" v5 X7 ^ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 c0 c; D+ V! Z5 S% i* S K2 f
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; p- T6 b9 V5 `( \. X8 u- T 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
; ~+ w$ `9 o: \5 [ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% k( B: V+ o: ^! Y% P2 e
4 u& x, ]2 x4 G
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
& X5 k Y% R: t 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# g# D7 Q% N4 m 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
n) T9 s/ }; W# g- o; \$ Y+ w 135. Popular nonobedience
: \1 v* t' \% l7 P: x: z: b. C 136. Disguised disobedience
; [" T* v- }7 R& Z+ @ s7 T$ h 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 u' ]* _% z* o1 J# [3 Y$ o 138. Sitdown; O8 o$ s W9 g# V8 L( d
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 p: h1 H9 U8 V I4 E
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 J! z! R0 I7 \1 ~- c
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# J$ X- H+ h. g/ N A; {
& ]( ~# q) A( E4 R3 C: C
Action by Government Personnel7 `- V& P- A: i' D& g
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ P* y, d( M- X+ g8 t) g 143. Blocking of lines of command and information X6 W* b! v8 n. }
144. Stalling and obstruction/ ?0 X/ q9 @. r ~ F' p; [
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 q5 g, P7 S3 D/ V4 v, u. @( U+ I! i p) b
146. Judicial noncooperation+ F; Q$ D) {3 X
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 p: }5 j) v# `$ l7 J* G! [% Q. V5 X+ |
148. Mutiny" M8 q, `( D2 V% K2 _4 U. O
Domestic Governmental Action
8 P! P, L2 G. g7 \8 a0 I4 v; Q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- L, K2 Q- E) u( P 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
7 h, P. Z. N0 }! J( }3 ^0 y2 s% I% L
International Governmental Action& B8 m( F" ?# ^
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 P9 k4 M' X8 E+ K5 J
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events, w. r0 T4 F2 k5 [) t! C
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! L4 _) R" N4 F, r$ P+ r/ n0 L 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' F: I: R- [4 C% a4 E% v 155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 ~: w) P0 O$ o- \
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
% d; K8 b- m. H4 P0 \, L1 m 157. Expulsion from international organizations
" ?4 u& U, L$ l& {/ s6 t3 z/ [ H# o' P7 b+ R; v
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) M9 t& s( S5 p+ r- `THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ t8 H! s5 z" E4 W* B
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Psychological Intervention
' f4 E. @, P6 ?7 z- T# ]( a" x0 y 158. Self-exposure to the elements
# ?% _* B: ~3 b$ C, K; O1 F" ~ 159. The fast8 I9 ^% v6 V2 [
a) Fast of moral pressure# e* q* s' g( o+ z, C
b) Hunger strike3 n( @+ N" A; o+ v* F
c) Satyagrahic fast% @( d) N9 t" C4 F2 E
160. Reverse trial
- C2 q$ `# _! N8 S4 a 161. Nonviolent harassment
% p" {; T' i/ F& p7 \" r$ @. i
5 h+ A4 f( u0 H) TPhysical Intervention
) }3 f- k; s: z! B/ _4 K& l 162. Sit-in
2 z( M# @& `$ W5 V 163. Stand-in
+ [, X' T/ u& t; N/ m) x* a" \& a6 T 164. Ride-in$ z2 V$ Q2 H% Z- V! O! g
165. Wade-in1 B; I4 v3 K4 N* G7 U; X
166. Mill-in+ e/ w- z/ E7 t0 ?4 i
167. Pray-in4 v# a! a" ^! j8 \$ X' ~9 ^
168. Nonviolent raids
6 l5 r& V: D7 j4 ~3 l+ u 169. Nonviolent air raids2 t2 v8 `% P5 ]8 l4 |( `
170. Nonviolent invasion- M+ B W. x4 }" @. x
171. Nonviolent interjection9 h; R9 T$ L5 S# O
172. Nonviolent obstruction
# G+ l& @! f. z1 F5 q4 e 173. Nonviolent occupation
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L. C$ M. y: s0 s9 s! R; DSocial Intervention8 q# s- p( C/ F* O, U( O, T
174. Establishing new social patterns
8 q" c+ @# L$ P; ]/ A- U g 175. Overloading of facilities
" a/ l; |2 h3 w. @ 176. Stall-in
: o' l P0 D/ ?. }. U# M7 F) F 177. Speak-in
$ J. |' }3 f4 f m+ H0 V! u: c6 z 178. Guerrilla theater
$ t6 E, O; L% S- x4 d* C 179. Alternative social institutions
+ G; K+ i7 J8 ^! O6 C1 Y6 h 180. Alternative communication system
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! h, U" r# |$ J% u4 Z- N3 I9 MEconomic Intervention1 P m! z6 d ^& t) Z. z/ X
181. Reverse strike6 r- t- q0 m4 H% ^+ `
182. Stay-in strike
1 K6 m9 h0 h. z! X 183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 l! h8 R# C. @7 Z$ c1 q- f 184. Defiance of blockades9 L+ L. c4 f% H
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 O) A# D7 v7 D- |( M' Z2 p, o: `
186. Preclusive purchasing4 E6 W% N5 t& F2 E: d3 E
187. Seizure of assets$ t4 H: b _3 k& n
188. Dumping$ ~3 q& T) X' {: ]8 N+ k4 u
189. Selective patronage
* P! p) a. D3 e" P; L- | 190. Alternative markets$ W. m6 T0 u8 E
191. Alternative transportation systems
F9 ~ a8 N* z5 E' k$ W 192. Alternative economic institutions
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5 q. t/ a& Q$ K8 h$ o/ O6 U7 i& mPolitical Intervention7 W1 c' d. |- t( \
193. Overloading of administrative systems
( N& V# Z) f( n+ m( v; g# m) C 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
. m! x( h* w, v' l, F. L 195. Seeking imprisonment
% X+ x% W* r$ p 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 \! j1 O1 M ~% l( B8 c
197. Work-on without collaboration( x$ i+ m; k3 N& _) x% B! \
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
