 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" `$ l, C' b: h0 F- n
Formal Statements
% y2 V5 E9 @ m) ~ 1. Public Speeches% h. |9 _* C! U1 K
2. Letters of opposition or support, \4 O0 r, }% o% g
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
P8 u H4 V1 S0 L 4. Signed public statements. O; t* _- Q! ~
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) _. `3 k: ?9 |6 u* ^8 v 6. Group or mass petitions
4 L1 Y1 e/ g. J# t) o/ }& ~- i3 @7 g) s4 a3 [8 T! L6 R- _
Communications with a Wider Audience( [) e# o Q. }( Q; r7 i
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols8 P- N/ x" T. i, d( E V4 X
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- H! }. Z% u$ { y( C0 \
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- q) C C' n9 Z- P" _ 10. Newspapers and journals# A6 t/ o4 f0 V/ ]& j9 n5 M/ D
11. Records, radio, and television5 a/ b3 T7 u5 w! ]& ^
12. Skywriting and earthwriting q {7 l( e/ g4 G5 s
6 l4 |2 y+ ]. G5 PGroup Representations
. F% Q/ V2 P1 O+ C5 S, Z 13. Deputations
! S# f1 p# c1 d. \$ a0 @ 14. Mock awards; T2 @( W9 a- G X' V
15. Group lobbying
5 u& T1 F( `0 {2 V1 i 16. Picketing& C. b7 y1 Y2 D+ ~ N% t. `
17. Mock elections$ j+ e% C# M; t. b* B
8 c# T% A# v. f3 t4 N$ P; _
Symbolic Public Acts
6 Z+ n; u; y/ J! O/ h% s M 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: ]3 e5 r4 P6 y. @ i8 N 19. Wearing of symbols
: V* V5 J! ?' a+ F" a( R5 ? 20. Prayer and worship
0 l6 N* w5 e3 c% d. r' x/ w+ N 21. Delivering symbolic objects/ n7 D8 f, F E9 p
22. Protest disrobings
! b6 z* c* l8 R' }6 V& a 23. Destruction of own property! H' A3 y! z3 X$ `7 q q" L% E
24. Symbolic lights8 I# B4 M) Z$ Y9 j3 B# l7 M+ c
25. Displays of portraits
( Q9 f4 S8 g' f% g 26. Paint as protest1 f+ f3 h& s; d, d) V+ Z; ]
27. New signs and names
1 q5 Z9 v; V" B1 X% |- B) x 28. Symbolic sounds" ^/ X1 d. w0 H) f
29. Symbolic reclamations
6 N6 g* Q9 O% m3 n r, ] 30. Rude gestures
e7 \1 V+ {. I m, U9 e; n$ v! [8 ]" j) i# x* b8 k8 O
Pressures on Individuals. L7 J5 `) |, {" y4 a# @+ J
31. “Haunting” officials) A1 Q" E2 Y8 d; ?! n! ^
32. Taunting officials7 `3 b1 E! G' o0 Q3 z: X
33. Fraternization! q0 N! L9 f' K. o
34. Vigils
5 M) ]$ n- A- U% N p; I1 t
; o- q2 k W- x5 k FDrama and Music
/ s4 _1 o7 n+ |: m( Y$ t! p 35. Humorous skits and pranks$ R# L( ?' U/ C! X
36. Performances of plays and music7 w+ k j/ Z$ o! _. @
37. Singing
2 z! M" h! l) I2 L* ?8 V; i! W) J, t, Y6 U/ E( j$ P
Processions! O1 k- o( H# c+ I4 P$ V' V
38. Marches
8 y" D3 W7 V1 r8 O4 ^ 39. Parades! F- N7 x2 P; k
40. Religious processions
$ o' O( Y2 m+ a# \: {9 G! \* U- c 41. Pilgrimages
+ a5 O3 f6 U& P 42. Motorcades4 r0 H4 c. R1 i
! I" |3 R7 _9 g# t0 O: X/ bHonoring the Dead
+ f; a- r7 D+ J B& p. {9 s+ a" V 43. Political mourning
5 i! {+ Y( }8 r! F/ K. J, [6 ~ 44. Mock funerals
- X8 H# M2 T# u. M* N 45. Demonstrative funerals7 n0 z8 _7 s7 Z/ |! _; ]+ X l
46. Homage at burial places
$ X* R0 n7 o4 l
' p' O( b* K8 H5 O# B. pPublic Assemblies" {4 \/ e; l' n) T) w9 Z4 i. W
47. Assemblies of protest or support
, T4 n: w+ W, u 48. Protest meetings) \6 C4 n& S* U j
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
$ M/ `" g' h7 o+ O0 Y: I 50. Teach-ins
5 S3 S0 o# \- e- S
: ?( c0 S+ u Y3 fWithdrawal and Renunciation
9 i6 ]& L1 W/ r8 M- v; l 51. Walk-outs
" w5 X# j ?3 b3 C- S; j4 L 52. Silence
; M6 C& q1 H, R% q+ M; @ 53. Renouncing honors" a: ^7 O! i7 Z/ b
54. Turning one’s back- i: D7 o3 L) k7 {
. w5 {! L8 B2 [. e4 ]+ ~# f
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION: K: s. o, T0 p5 L* C7 {
! I' \# }* f1 @* \ J; N
3 g: q6 p% }" V( V. s7 V
+ l& v$ W) I! ~. {& YOstracism of Persons
# G" d" I' j3 j4 R7 f4 ] 55. Social boycott# \, j( z, g9 _$ M' k
56. Selective social boycott7 d- @! w: Y" t# ^
57. Lysistratic nonaction
2 ~/ N( b: H) n& v7 g$ R 58. Excommunication1 j/ [) F- ~2 z. H+ c: O" f
59. Interdict
* w+ E5 T6 z4 d9 e
# Z! s0 q. `: w1 ~" e0 | k4 |" c4 YNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) u( i+ E% B- \7 @3 W" S 60. Suspension of social and sports activities, g) z- v) M1 n6 U7 z1 L$ f3 s: G
61. Boycott of social affairs
( Z v8 l3 k7 x/ u- u& @# k 62. Student strike' t3 R1 T! q; J* Q& }& `* \
63. Social disobedience# y: {1 D' o0 l; s- T6 r5 |
64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 q9 z( R' r2 E J1 S0 A# b! i( A
Y, ]" n3 D4 d4 Y* d+ y$ W6 WWithdrawal from the Social System
1 N2 }$ U7 q$ ~: V 65. Stay-at-home" |" {( D6 x# I2 W8 n
66. Total personal noncooperation+ x1 W o5 x; r+ `1 o) g
67. “Flight” of workers
1 ]) ^( \3 }3 T$ T: u- n- o9 R5 |7 ` 68. Sanctuary# M+ g5 F" P" A4 I
69. Collective disappearance! q9 U& F. t& l3 u- W% O
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)( i8 a; ]/ d+ x3 Q; ]3 k3 \
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1 O$ S1 l2 d6 I% _/ V; K0 M, j! k" {7 }6 c- c
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 c5 E# s; A% ~2 }( R
1 c3 h! f b) V' |3 h" [$ q) l5 O; x6 W & U% I1 f! S `) n" z
Actions by Consumers ~$ `, d+ s3 S# a3 J% ^
71. Consumers’ boycott
5 T: V( x% _) ^) s8 F 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 c& a$ ] Z& T. `, G5 O 73. Policy of austerity) e- B: s) j0 L* n
74. Rent withholding
j2 Y6 S4 r! G& E" k5 X, @% C 75. Refusal to rent! C: _9 F: m! D2 f$ E# e+ j
76. National consumers’ boycott
1 D! N' F) [6 v; Z% ?, [+ t. f 77. International consumers’ boycott) @8 j" f- ~9 a1 h- Z4 {/ i
4 X- }5 q/ t" I. c4 A
Action by Workers and Producers3 \4 T/ T1 ~. h3 u3 \; v
78. Workmen’s boycott
+ c- a6 `/ N+ ~+ V8 {) ?, I 79. Producers’ boycott$ Q# r1 v1 ^1 G8 R' o5 H/ N$ w$ h' z
# \+ Q* o" p0 S) n6 a( _9 qAction by Middlemen; B/ k* @, o" A1 ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ ?! c g3 r' u+ w; k( f" T: ?4 t3 ~, t; H1 }% e" ~ C) E! N+ m, i
Action by Owners and Management, I* ?7 n6 p4 f; O6 _
81. Traders’ boycott
% u: d" p5 U, Y* h 82. Refusal to let or sell property3 @( r) l; I" [9 Q+ @9 k
83. Lockout
, {* l4 R l8 O- Q* ` 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
t# S, b. S# e% c G% B a 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 d# w- U" [% ]5 c9 M
1 @% ^9 A2 h% o5 I5 gAction by Holders of Financial Resources' x: d* f1 m F# p$ }) J, ^
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
; X' w3 T3 {% Y% J 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# W& |; B+ f0 ^, m t
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ q9 V8 g$ _- D. t( ~) G( y. T. V" f 89. Severance of funds and credit- a& \( h) p5 u2 V* q9 d
90. Revenue refusal
" _9 [+ M. t& {; Y' r 91. Refusal of a government’s money, \0 p e S' S; L1 O) n
- T* _& B* ^2 z/ w
Action by Governments
8 r9 P0 H1 }. d# C' @# J$ k3 v 92. Domestic embargo
" s0 H- ?* Q; C" G& | 93. Blacklisting of traders
/ p( U h+ c+ Y1 q8 D7 b 94. International sellers’ embargo
9 Y+ A9 E0 `( @& E6 Q 95. International buyers’ embargo
) U3 ?" X" [0 L8 A+ r. j I3 h( Q/ s6 i 96. International trade embargo W" i. u( e% w# z& c1 k6 K
% f! `- c- Z2 y5 s+ ?6 ~4 e& x
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
: h$ I# M+ j3 F Y9 G( h( m$ @1 ~' N
% }8 h* g8 \/ T2 Q9 LSymbolic Strikes$ k+ e, x. J& }# k6 Y
97. Protest strike/ Y+ w( `; [: E
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). L3 l9 R6 m( L" A) n
' y6 t) T+ X' D, p8 yAgricultural Strikes+ b. L' j$ |, d; t
99. Peasant strike
: i; r- Z$ Y" F* g% R" D: ~ 100. Farm Workers’ strike( k( ~: G6 @9 A) Z& o
. N. z, c% e: N) `' a" e; ~. C
Strikes by Special Groups9 o4 I$ p, T! Q1 K
101. Refusal of impressed labor! }! X0 C# ]1 r3 t9 ]# U
102. Prisoners’ strike
, u, n: k, y2 }2 l' r 103. Craft strike
1 H$ ^ f3 k* c9 M& k6 P1 @ 104. Professional strike
N' _& }4 H7 a% ^( K) Q; h3 {& r
$ j8 D6 B3 X' G9 s' q `' iOrdinary Industrial Strikes" y" `6 @ D- f% c7 S
105. Establishment strike
' X8 r, B" B$ u; v 106. Industry strike# i6 ]. T: e$ T! e' h
107. Sympathetic strike5 m4 B+ v: T6 |! [
I3 F }& O3 j( m) Z2 A+ lRestricted Strikes9 E8 I# e R) r4 i7 Z# L7 M
108. Detailed strike. @% ^# r. E9 Y+ D$ S
109. Bumper strike
0 ~+ E4 f0 k6 f0 c9 e& _ 110. Slowdown strike
' `7 F9 D) r- o5 h) | 111. Working-to-rule strike3 @/ b1 A6 a( g7 ]
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), I1 \4 P, C V3 h; ~, N
113. Strike by resignation
0 S' X* |, k& |; M 114. Limited strike
$ i, Q& D) W0 D1 k. C; i 115. Selective strike
% v, Z" c- C! y) s" r5 g
: c, P# n5 A5 c$ `8 u4 gMulti-Industry Strikes
$ l) W' A6 X' o8 @. h) z5 y5 G4 [% Y. N3 Q3 h! i
116. Generalized strike$ d3 D) _8 ~3 ~5 p" @
0 a8 F, ?# L9 k7 c8 i) d/ n' ] 117. General strike" _2 @" j# F2 Z- `4 f7 d* B& ?
S& R8 U# x$ s( |Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 K* E' f( M4 P
& \3 a0 ~# w- r5 T6 A) Z 118. Hartal" r# ~* R& R m, f: ~% m
$ \5 ?3 ?: r& X) a
119. Economic shutdown
& ~% E5 N" H: I. {( r& F5 ?5 Y, e# w+ k. l0 }9 E% \
9 U* o: k& P; H2 W# \2 i
- G, j" S$ X' qTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority/ P9 ]5 T9 E0 Q2 u
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 z7 A/ g8 G+ A2 T/ F
121. Refusal of public support0 r$ _4 P5 I* [
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 T, ` n$ Y( `6 ~ Y
6 G+ a% d& }% P' p k" n4 s" [/ r" W- p+ E3 ~
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 s j$ H, Z1 O( l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies' G O4 N0 E, ~( }* @
124. Boycott of elections
q7 v4 c( j. ?7 D# ]; h, h+ f 125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 b5 p- V2 l& a4 r! |
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 Q! `8 K8 \ Q% ?3 ?! p3 d/ O
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 |5 _8 b; R; u
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& i+ r; h/ C5 E. p( j7 L* E
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 T! F9 d& G2 O& {; O" Y! [
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 {/ w& {( i. J# j3 H" m 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& Y8 [3 t( V3 b5 z 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! u/ W6 k: o3 B5 z5 |+ x* k( L
, B, W7 g, i& c8 v8 Z7 KCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! p5 m+ l r& }1 Z# o) I7 R
133. Reluctant and slow compliance& y; Q4 r, ~6 {9 I5 C5 k' f: E: Q, ?
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: [, R* t* |! a4 [, v6 |
135. Popular nonobedience% X* U E& s/ I/ T
136. Disguised disobedience
0 N1 s" g5 x1 n; [& ^. W5 [ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ r" x2 E2 b0 o! ~
138. Sitdown/ X; n( b, I x+ R% k
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. K: B$ X& ]% P& n% v0 v. l
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% e3 k6 M- R* C# y3 S9 Q0 Q8 r$ W
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 \ Q5 B% F4 w
6 c+ r, {! ]( ], A; xAction by Government Personnel
0 q( a3 e+ |% }6 E2 N 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 I; x/ g8 g: v9 Y$ ?2 C
143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 T. `# Q* V% U* `
144. Stalling and obstruction
0 h7 r: s5 X9 N. \" W( H 145. General administrative noncooperation7 r! I! m8 @9 d2 ^! q: ?2 u- O
/ [ R% Z, p( d/ _# a6 }$ R
146. Judicial noncooperation
3 X4 B G; H m 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
# R! P5 t- t. M' p0 b- { }0 p6 F 148. Mutiny
9 `* E; b" t9 _; F3 f l, SDomestic Governmental Action
( Y3 H& g3 k; ?- Z$ H4 q8 c 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 y; |: y! J& [: H/ T" _9 w X9 h9 | 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; g4 e' ?& a) y* ?+ \* G- r" t$ _
7 |. {+ Q" O* e& JInternational Governmental Action
/ C' q- L; C" j* s& T$ @ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ N% c* K: m0 a% i$ y
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; |8 A; h4 _* A
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ C* G* a$ W& R; k9 i. t/ h8 }6 A2 \ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations0 K7 A- O3 O# u: j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ k2 t3 G6 H: G 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
# z: s: p3 G/ b$ {5 ]( ~: {. x 157. Expulsion from international organizations. H- u2 n4 |( b* Q4 U7 c
: {$ b* ~0 j# e7 g w: z2 W
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION2 d b) b1 L ~
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, S( f- F* u2 RPsychological Intervention; b) |; r6 _/ m) `4 J9 f+ ^
158. Self-exposure to the elements: ^) V2 ^& l$ `
159. The fast+ q, j. v8 h+ U
a) Fast of moral pressure% L7 c4 V6 J$ ~& D8 Z# |5 F" K
b) Hunger strike
' E+ j: }% b' Y* G c R c) Satyagrahic fast( ?. ?9 Y7 b5 B: C
160. Reverse trial+ E' U! F3 k! U
161. Nonviolent harassment
( a0 f! i* k" `) `- r
8 x% M: H) h3 C, J \7 n( J" mPhysical Intervention. R/ l1 [! t' [: D
162. Sit-in
- U- D, A$ `8 V" v 163. Stand-in+ P% `+ v' z6 J* D% R: p7 L ~
164. Ride-in1 _1 B2 j! f1 ]2 X X- _7 a
165. Wade-in
( G$ E* h, S4 [# K3 n 166. Mill-in. \ K7 N; y, P
167. Pray-in3 k% v, X3 M V1 e% n) M
168. Nonviolent raids
4 j7 I5 R3 T! h 169. Nonviolent air raids3 S6 g6 a A4 g5 h! A; C
170. Nonviolent invasion/ g8 e! f" t( W3 _
171. Nonviolent interjection, ? K2 Y2 J4 D* q9 }7 M
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, t1 R! g( L7 E9 f* j7 k7 A* z 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention0 K) y$ a r- z2 |9 k, {; w; g
174. Establishing new social patterns; ?1 k! F, E; `* R
175. Overloading of facilities! J) f" `" s/ R* q8 v
176. Stall-in
1 m# y x0 B" G" {$ k' F 177. Speak-in$ {) ^* M0 w/ \. E) ^# f
178. Guerrilla theater. v0 H: o- k+ U! { F0 g3 E
179. Alternative social institutions" W9 _5 p% A, b
180. Alternative communication system$ t% E( p. E2 R7 a! E) E" Q: ?
6 P0 r& t. L% r; KEconomic Intervention
; C9 d2 u( Z" h* p* q: w$ q; V 181. Reverse strike
' T0 A5 X6 J( ?/ ~ 182. Stay-in strike
$ |5 E& `0 A2 s( m8 C! R6 z 183. Nonviolent land seizure' u! G( M% F0 G9 e2 f9 v/ j
184. Defiance of blockades
& Q3 q8 L. c# e* m8 a 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: K; I: f# |+ G/ v6 X+ C# [; T 186. Preclusive purchasing* p+ F* u w! s, N8 O
187. Seizure of assets
, z+ k3 L% }5 b 188. Dumping
e& t- C# o9 Z: T0 u4 g 189. Selective patronage
, P. I) S; L/ j6 Q7 m! F9 V g: w 190. Alternative markets( I0 ]! H6 y2 _$ H- f) [9 `
191. Alternative transportation systems
- P) s' t. B+ B e3 l, U; j 192. Alternative economic institutions
/ O/ N; N- s6 X! ~( G1 ~) O3 E4 B+ u) R7 }' V$ P7 H
Political Intervention6 @* ?, u7 h, G2 n( j! T) \* X
193. Overloading of administrative systems o; Q/ V) V) _* i; g2 o2 ]
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- Z3 L2 C/ |. [+ z" w* g6 ]0 ~$ t
195. Seeking imprisonment$ W3 u; |- ^# ?
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 x' z+ L' b: n 197. Work-on without collaboration
O' |3 L" S% _1 U1 E1 Y5 } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
