 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 D+ O1 K. p$ e7 V9 c
Formal Statements7 }7 C+ N$ E5 o+ m- Z
1. Public Speeches
! T# {7 U; h6 M) d8 N! s, A: u 2. Letters of opposition or support3 h/ c- E/ K* ^3 M% k' v
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! e* `% b+ V# q1 P( S8 t 4. Signed public statements0 M2 l+ @1 N' g% g) k. l
5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 T2 }4 w7 I1 U- ~$ C
6. Group or mass petitions: V Z6 d+ H' P# ^6 z
4 E- o2 j' U# A' GCommunications with a Wider Audience
i& { t9 t% e5 @& ? 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
% Z$ R2 h8 l, ^. ]7 T3 }; p 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! d2 J8 B+ e' t: o6 [ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books) L2 |2 ]- `9 I& v" Z0 Z& S
10. Newspapers and journals: q4 [: _, X' N( U0 u: z6 _1 |" O: C
11. Records, radio, and television
! f; |; i' s% l; n 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
E- E7 K" Q" @% }7 p7 Z
/ `! E# @" s- K' t2 N( ZGroup Representations4 M4 b8 y" A# f! J/ _6 e
13. Deputations: x2 y# H3 s. J$ a5 Q
14. Mock awards
. A. j* \5 q/ i1 I: q" W 15. Group lobbying
1 |. @1 n+ Q0 l2 [7 k& _% I 16. Picketing! T8 s& n4 t6 H/ L
17. Mock elections
# Q: k5 J d0 o+ B5 Z' r9 s7 V1 C' H4 p# \6 f2 N" k
Symbolic Public Acts# L! M& [2 x' y; v/ c# ^
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors; s1 e( F i* E% R7 y+ C' n
19. Wearing of symbols+ l! E* w5 O( q. }
20. Prayer and worship
2 u* l# H9 V& ?5 H% x 21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 J, h: y- Y3 x 22. Protest disrobings
6 f% i. p _ t2 b# C) H 23. Destruction of own property
5 @& q8 \7 @ I; z, ^6 P 24. Symbolic lights1 D; M9 ]; p( r: V. c. {
25. Displays of portraits
3 p2 B$ b# J7 [% G! l9 H. u& L2 ^ 26. Paint as protest
# P" a& l1 N1 g 27. New signs and names+ s7 W1 H$ o. F$ @0 a5 b: {- x) }" Z
28. Symbolic sounds
y! Z3 b1 l0 c6 b& l$ J 29. Symbolic reclamations( B: O2 {- Y( J x/ P- G; [6 d) }
30. Rude gestures: G0 Y% o+ G) T
( n6 T1 @% z! J) Q7 p$ j4 G( uPressures on Individuals
) i/ d5 u' \% a4 b2 O" s 31. “Haunting” officials
( o! Y$ r# E' V8 U$ L" i; R 32. Taunting officials
; S& e( i( h3 y& t& [ 33. Fraternization
8 L4 B9 t, V* u2 J N' o# N 34. Vigils
& G4 R, O9 \( s" \+ D
. m' o/ i2 r+ i4 ~, r- \Drama and Music
$ C4 d8 k6 U; J* u 35. Humorous skits and pranks! l" n0 R0 M% d/ f+ X/ |2 v) e
36. Performances of plays and music- }4 [7 G% u2 \2 ^0 w
37. Singing* [8 x8 U3 v' k
& m V, I% Y2 C+ L, B# A6 ~Processions
. P M8 A9 Z, w6 \0 W 38. Marches
7 J8 Z5 k" |! `, x# D 39. Parades
+ T" |' ~5 @+ ~! L8 c# }) d7 F 40. Religious processions9 B' z/ F( o# X+ v
41. Pilgrimages
: i& h2 l" e* z 42. Motorcades
6 Q+ r. m# L; B" N( Y( r7 ]! |# i6 u$ I# s% Q1 u6 r
Honoring the Dead+ ?/ C. g$ B; o; Q- |. J
43. Political mourning: i: i. w' \! N' o4 J6 o
44. Mock funerals
" Z5 O# }& P8 g3 n2 Q+ j4 b 45. Demonstrative funerals ~- y. A$ b8 S6 m5 Z* q1 |
46. Homage at burial places
$ K, Q1 T7 T, E
0 l; h' |4 Y2 yPublic Assemblies3 [% G5 c1 L" I X, k
47. Assemblies of protest or support
0 V6 i1 t9 @3 n& r T 48. Protest meetings6 n8 v% P8 Z# `- Y7 g6 J% [* J
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 n7 G/ q) F4 z @' W( b! W, M6 D
50. Teach-ins
* A8 P) |) k0 G6 `0 v
# d! M4 O9 s, P: k- x& ~Withdrawal and Renunciation
- l7 l) C9 g6 o 51. Walk-outs% g, P4 J( Y* ^) x6 k, e
52. Silence" a* i( p/ e( F! s- L; S
53. Renouncing honors
& ^: d4 S: r; K 54. Turning one’s back( ] p& j* A; t/ L8 G6 i/ J
4 T. w n5 z- @2 @9 ]/ [
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) [) b0 t( U* T0 Q/ B8 KTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
7 F6 ?7 R9 i. y& O" e# T- B7 v9 d
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# A7 G; h/ ? D" Z; H
) b/ Q. A. n. kOstracism of Persons2 A" V7 R9 Y, p* W# L3 f1 C
55. Social boycott( q' C6 M8 N+ N2 | g V4 V$ X+ @
56. Selective social boycott9 ?( I( M) Q* |% H! \0 s
57. Lysistratic nonaction( n8 s8 q2 [* Z5 q% I1 G# j' g
58. Excommunication
+ G2 M4 @2 O. z. C- F) E, J9 K 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! L* Q/ w9 r1 o" ?
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# i: H# k [3 ]1 ~0 z' L 61. Boycott of social affairs
3 }2 r9 K8 ^1 z" t G1 E# a 62. Student strike3 W. ?! F* `5 A- g( {4 F& H( W
63. Social disobedience* S7 y5 K; m% t
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 |" T+ d) Q1 T% v
( V% H: i5 f8 _) N" _5 [, e8 E) hWithdrawal from the Social System' F; u* h, O! }/ |0 X4 a' C! H
65. Stay-at-home# Y2 h g7 J# m$ ?* o
66. Total personal noncooperation
( h1 A7 _$ S0 a8 Y, K 67. “Flight” of workers
8 v& o; B: n( _* T 68. Sanctuary9 Z. d4 z5 ^' _! ]' k( z. ^
69. Collective disappearance" C! T6 n5 d3 _7 ]
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 [' k2 ]; n5 R0 C; X
9 {3 G( s, w' [ p' ]
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! V( _* o- i- Y6 FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
& j/ n$ d2 h' u2 `6 a# `) g3 r7 h: G' u$ Y
1 h6 M2 m, \) w2 q0 y$ JActions by Consumers. M W n' b, _
71. Consumers’ boycott
' i# `) r6 B' D/ m) | 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# [7 J2 r# ~ K% Q4 l 73. Policy of austerity
) g9 b6 ~0 D. Y" Z* [ 74. Rent withholding
1 Q( I! X ~4 a9 {9 R 75. Refusal to rent
: ?, y+ ]8 [% w2 \9 [, E) ^, { 76. National consumers’ boycott
$ h) z6 L. m$ c! z/ u 77. International consumers’ boycott! f5 d3 ^( `: T( \" J
! a. \. q0 \# x
Action by Workers and Producers9 d) m6 R4 a O% J2 g# H+ U4 t
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ `0 ^! ?, e j- I% B 79. Producers’ boycott4 n$ R7 x/ j. J. K' |
5 p' i$ I3 |" ]! n+ p2 ^; tAction by Middlemen
3 y9 Z, j8 o& t5 \% Z2 D 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
8 y8 l+ J; y& e R8 a! @% B
$ l9 @5 ]% R0 x3 b$ z) VAction by Owners and Management
" k% w: N6 _( E2 i0 s 81. Traders’ boycott
7 |1 w7 L! Q; H. e4 A; a 82. Refusal to let or sell property; j" a+ v! ]5 D% Y$ J$ `/ p
83. Lockout
; @+ m8 _9 {1 `% I' p3 i 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; ]5 C) b0 U; Y& M) R# r# G8 T7 d
85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 e9 e7 T( U4 \' m% m8 r
1 D' u: i, @# ]2 R: Z r4 f5 HAction by Holders of Financial Resources$ M( B4 |2 |: ?* U, O* q+ U5 w
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ ^. l' A& O/ F1 I9 R* G
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 j. C% W4 J& s' m, ?; _8 u 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 F0 o$ V5 M/ n
89. Severance of funds and credit2 p a8 \7 E; R+ x. C
90. Revenue refusal0 ]" Z9 E' S9 Z' f* z% ^; o
91. Refusal of a government’s money! d. S# q% M+ ~9 B: K
4 Z, t" M$ }$ j' [4 b! y, bAction by Governments
( _/ I# O; R1 r 92. Domestic embargo
* G& W$ Z# T/ i% l1 `' T 93. Blacklisting of traders
# ^8 w( R( _% x: d 94. International sellers’ embargo! ]) s9 u c& S7 y
95. International buyers’ embargo
0 T8 J9 h' |4 j5 V+ [ 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE4 Q. `& B% g2 n& \/ P% F: t: Y
8 I2 s6 z0 C; s% C' _) u0 n
% O. K+ v- V) x8 K4 N9 o; g" `/ \; F
Symbolic Strikes/ E" `+ o3 B t. n; h! y- Y
97. Protest strike, ^) Y9 [% ], J# N
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% R( c5 `& I- ^, P; r# g9 \* U: m5 d
Agricultural Strikes; K1 L& j: Z1 J1 Q }
99. Peasant strike
" T! b4 h! c c0 D: \. m 100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 P0 y( ]/ ], H& V! k5 k1 F/ [' u1 O3 q, D
Strikes by Special Groups
: b; z/ [! s M# [& _; H: F 101. Refusal of impressed labor* `0 @' Y' H- ~$ W& U4 J0 S
102. Prisoners’ strike
. g' G) A6 S: N5 u5 }$ h/ S' n/ Y 103. Craft strike
4 Z% A9 u4 g4 W/ ? V$ W4 q 104. Professional strike
: F. o. I- Q# V# D9 n4 t/ F- O3 f- J, K0 Q+ ~; A0 v
Ordinary Industrial Strikes! ~, A/ X; j% ^
105. Establishment strike5 ?3 ]- w# e9 o Y; j( ^( f- m7 j
106. Industry strike4 q7 Z2 K5 G$ m& x/ {0 X
107. Sympathetic strike. c* h! n& I8 [- C2 @
: I# [9 w: I4 S% Z# ~& o+ D) iRestricted Strikes
7 g* r0 d3 Q: S2 B& Q* h: V- ?# W$ M 108. Detailed strike( K4 }8 a3 y5 R& A4 S( a! ]
109. Bumper strike
) I. }$ O9 s; |' u 110. Slowdown strike
; W/ Z* d+ T1 ? 111. Working-to-rule strike
: M$ P7 C+ `) w/ }; Y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)# C1 c" A2 q. X: ]; |$ ^
113. Strike by resignation/ [$ q# S- s$ ^; m8 `) H' O
114. Limited strike6 i+ R; m/ \" R0 F5 |
115. Selective strike4 a+ o$ C9 V# S1 G
9 z8 O0 A/ e7 D: HMulti-Industry Strikes
& s. ~. h( g9 z1 j
, N. v0 c% n. @6 p5 f6 P* X 116. Generalized strike+ @- ^. j* ~/ s$ O/ {- \ ]
2 A- I8 D, B/ p3 N0 r 117. General strike
) K3 `1 X5 ~0 a( z7 Z1 C
. ]0 ]& Z6 P, mCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures" l2 }5 {& h, n, O
8 t- k; F- x0 \: ^5 M# r4 B 118. Hartal
# M9 Z y. S# \9 i
6 [6 q4 X' E$ N" e5 W 119. Economic shutdown
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# ]" [3 d* D/ a) S9 Z% `( p0 B7 J! }. `/ N
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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' c6 D) ~/ i, r1 B E- P& K+ Z+ HRejection of Authority
5 a" V+ S3 E8 R7 B 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- L& j1 n3 L) f5 E, Y9 @/ g
121. Refusal of public support, ~# \) ~1 n9 ?. Y |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance7 P5 T# P2 F0 {: D6 r4 R
E( m+ c( F, K( b, y+ QCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government4 ~, _/ x3 H' c; K& L- A
123. Boycott of legislative bodies' p+ Q$ R0 f9 ~2 R. e+ X
124. Boycott of elections6 L7 v/ O& j+ R* ]
125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 Q: d' x6 k% r/ r( D) \1 Z4 V3 G
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: t& c8 a4 x- ^9 H/ g* V 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
b0 b4 }* p5 z3 o; S0 S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- Q9 ^; u& _0 h; D5 d
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. l& |' L. t% L5 ~4 w9 { 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! j" P) E/ v5 C# _/ d3 E: x: R 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, u* ` `9 L# N3 }. D( v! S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 c1 G2 {: r( A# Z8 ?
- G: m& C) M5 d" U+ G( t( M0 |Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! {, d6 F5 U: R' ^1 O' g0 ]3 r 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 P; x# G- g1 {- w' w" B, F( C9 y 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision1 o0 w6 o8 B$ Z& S$ q5 i
135. Popular nonobedience# H/ G0 ~" b6 l2 D$ M
136. Disguised disobedience# d* {3 E4 p* f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' L \3 c( b) E: J- v 138. Sitdown1 `) O8 ]: |; ?# j
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 v5 \7 }% I( y 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities3 ^- _* S7 V- b* E- M
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 M, {2 D6 @* `4 i/ G2 k( f& \5 Z0 T* V6 }% H5 |% E& t A8 K
Action by Government Personnel
6 u7 Q( t1 Y; A& E8 q) v" l m 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 c; f6 V x$ i! `. | 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 f; K8 Z4 w* }6 E: D 144. Stalling and obstruction
' J) S: M3 E+ e% c8 a. p 145. General administrative noncooperation
4 v: c' A A4 z8 |7 e2 h0 X" D3 _( _- k# r( {
146. Judicial noncooperation
4 w/ s a0 I D1 W& C6 t 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) h- z. I3 U9 @0 m6 q4 V 148. Mutiny
2 p. F, i9 q8 m* C; ]( hDomestic Governmental Action7 C: i+ F8 o- F+ v5 Q7 z6 x/ P; U
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& ^6 h0 R5 |$ L! |: e8 e$ R3 G6 \
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! o j' l9 E, ~
1 e9 u$ Q' E% \' X+ I$ j) \International Governmental Action
9 D* K$ t1 Y: `' D5 l 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 ^3 R$ v7 u2 g' a
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 j9 o f- s# q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ k' o6 b5 i$ V w/ r) s$ w$ h 154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 Y J8 i0 c( E# Z4 s8 K
155. Withdrawal from international organizations8 n( Y0 P' r& Y u0 k$ j$ W' T8 o
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
$ y& ?" b: v( n8 @6 k 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention# L1 E# r0 x5 j2 A
158. Self-exposure to the elements: p1 w* O: z. g! _- J C
159. The fast( ~7 {6 b! y% w2 P+ |
a) Fast of moral pressure
7 R, q) `) V9 s- \ b) Hunger strike; O+ P5 d, w+ E$ W4 I% w
c) Satyagrahic fast: l4 C) H0 }* ?1 c- j% \
160. Reverse trial0 Q( k0 G6 s7 H5 k
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention! t) K8 S2 H# k5 Y* W g+ s6 P
162. Sit-in: @4 w5 ^- o* D4 v/ L. Z
163. Stand-in$ @: G7 v. I! X7 _1 k2 z( E
164. Ride-in
+ Z/ A, @3 s& H+ |# V3 ?' |) K 165. Wade-in& c! W5 w; }# k) I6 S: x% \0 l) H& m
166. Mill-in
. e# d8 t% s' z& | 167. Pray-in' n8 E# J$ D% F( g: [
168. Nonviolent raids4 n$ ]7 F$ v) L) q$ t0 O) h E
169. Nonviolent air raids
' M% q0 V0 L: D8 m e7 T+ j 170. Nonviolent invasion
& P, c2 d- ]) X; h! A 171. Nonviolent interjection
" ~# H9 P, p8 n4 i 172. Nonviolent obstruction, ?/ D# h2 i' {* |- m
173. Nonviolent occupation
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( a* j8 F' \" r. F1 L' s4 [Social Intervention
2 ?. i2 t* h n4 C+ p' ^5 o 174. Establishing new social patterns" S, h' G: L8 S9 d- \$ ?8 \1 S! E
175. Overloading of facilities
. L; `* `* M. I* [ 176. Stall-in
8 }. G @/ m4 e, C F: @; F 177. Speak-in
) ?; Q4 f; w2 F$ L e1 u$ Q. _- s 178. Guerrilla theater
4 r/ g; v1 d$ l; g 179. Alternative social institutions
9 D$ I# f7 t+ y( j8 o j 180. Alternative communication system _3 Y0 m( }3 l
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Economic Intervention! x7 d1 i; b8 A$ D
181. Reverse strike
( C% w1 w- L0 Z; z 182. Stay-in strike
) t" d. Q; r/ x8 w. A' o" G: h 183. Nonviolent land seizure
c* R7 h0 h; R1 V/ N 184. Defiance of blockades
5 P. W' n1 b6 e z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; D+ _9 n7 r5 b }& T5 K4 N 186. Preclusive purchasing
( F, Z/ L, S+ O1 F- m/ o! t% M" R! L 187. Seizure of assets5 R3 J- _4 P9 T! J z. v
188. Dumping; p$ O0 S. S) k+ ~6 ?
189. Selective patronage2 v5 X0 u. W9 W" }
190. Alternative markets0 m( c* p, i# f0 T
191. Alternative transportation systems. a) A7 c( s9 u2 Z$ ^
192. Alternative economic institutions
+ z7 q# V. X7 R1 l
" N8 N1 N4 _7 }6 d% wPolitical Intervention4 X- c$ }2 d. l, N/ B, N
193. Overloading of administrative systems
* _ e4 [) L @4 q) \* k 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ \0 p' P. U9 G$ p0 I
195. Seeking imprisonment: u6 j# K. b6 b, u i& F0 @
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# v% j) [$ D- [9 F' k
197. Work-on without collaboration c; P+ S2 J8 g% T0 u! M* t
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
