 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 @+ g% J/ [+ wFormal Statements" y! G( ` X5 d# a
1. Public Speeches; }" h. y7 L2 F3 c5 ?
2. Letters of opposition or support
( f) L2 a) O2 k! j0 G 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 u0 ^4 p" y! A& o 4. Signed public statements( {; B) _, A/ H4 K/ [# q- u. M b
5. Declarations of indictment and intention* S; N# \# l6 [
6. Group or mass petitions
6 Z1 N6 g9 F+ D8 { U2 S, y6 x C! A) {
6 ] J& F# H" L* a7 [# wCommunications with a Wider Audience1 `, K( r2 q' g2 u9 o9 [
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 R7 K l# }) l5 {; b 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications3 W/ T7 b% B/ u8 ?9 Y; n. \1 K
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 C4 [: Q1 \) w* d: j 10. Newspapers and journals
8 C1 ]( @) ^6 _ R0 O( g 11. Records, radio, and television7 W! H$ k5 B& ^2 E
12. Skywriting and earthwriting( V9 y. c0 ]" K+ ]0 a- s; N( k
/ Y0 n4 M8 i/ H7 r5 g4 r; p2 BGroup Representations
4 O* V* _- M0 D3 Q# V: k3 V- M 13. Deputations
# O, D! Y/ W, T 14. Mock awards
3 z& i6 v% p" f 15. Group lobbying3 |3 Y2 j: w2 M1 _. ?& Q7 L( a4 @
16. Picketing3 J* _( x" x [- @7 ]- G5 @
17. Mock elections
7 P) p8 M7 d$ X9 }. A: Y
! I8 }- @! y$ o, ]: ASymbolic Public Acts
( Z" l- t+ c4 Y B4 L( y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 L. j9 O- @* t* T" H* H 19. Wearing of symbols4 e) J% j5 j$ C" x3 q/ Q; |7 o
20. Prayer and worship
- f% M& i1 S; p1 M' k9 m 21. Delivering symbolic objects' O' h" K# e& ]& P2 a# s- c& d
22. Protest disrobings0 j% M4 N0 [- E9 s% s3 S
23. Destruction of own property
: W7 T" T! M. X+ | 24. Symbolic lights
& M! X- r9 Q% Z/ b7 m+ s# i+ j6 a+ m6 e* q 25. Displays of portraits m4 y: H( y4 T4 a
26. Paint as protest
- ?/ N( R5 d$ K9 T6 q 27. New signs and names- d9 }3 k$ n8 D) d* W
28. Symbolic sounds' U O' l) i! \2 c9 y, m
29. Symbolic reclamations) A; [; _+ [0 k, f* ~; v2 s
30. Rude gestures
r. l- Q; @1 z. J4 ]/ s# j6 S3 |3 Z# Q& C& w/ R- ~- V% Y- q- t
Pressures on Individuals4 y8 t" s" I' M4 \
31. “Haunting” officials; q# p# d9 N, _- x8 }+ p0 T
32. Taunting officials
% `) g6 O6 h$ U+ f) F/ ]0 R 33. Fraternization
. A% e9 D5 O7 K. l% s' j 34. Vigils4 v4 ~* P/ b& m; r
; p! M7 \; T0 t( j/ S7 _Drama and Music/ q) U. I& B# I+ l" d) ~! [7 o; v
35. Humorous skits and pranks" B& Y8 n" k6 S+ e+ H/ Z7 E$ ]
36. Performances of plays and music& X8 J: o, p, }" X. P, K& ~
37. Singing% v9 n; s' A& _2 K* ? f9 s
' ~' Y* k& l4 g) |' w' D9 GProcessions
4 _7 N0 h3 w; P. J8 n9 K 38. Marches+ Z+ |* y; [# b: M
39. Parades
& W/ k+ k6 C+ x% ^% m 40. Religious processions
5 E3 i3 J( a3 P# R& \9 }% K0 Z& U 41. Pilgrimages3 x) F( ^ Y+ n: u9 n% w( T' i
42. Motorcades0 b9 q' z! c: `) v* {
" K6 p* ?: ^# i, j' L: IHonoring the Dead
# A* t" x H8 I 43. Political mourning6 w$ X# P# R6 L6 s
44. Mock funerals
8 A9 `+ L% t9 z4 K7 h6 F 45. Demonstrative funerals5 h7 C% @8 u$ x" M8 g3 f: c
46. Homage at burial places
1 p: m' h F( X! E/ v' I3 T7 t. ]# V# n- `" Y
Public Assemblies
6 A2 J# E) r! I4 |( }. w 47. Assemblies of protest or support
* }7 y0 \& k/ e6 o' X 48. Protest meetings' @( n8 a# j$ \" ~! S, s0 q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
$ k: U) V* ]: Y 50. Teach-ins g6 `4 d3 y4 b
7 `. }1 s4 u% x& K) O. |$ {Withdrawal and Renunciation9 O9 Z# U9 W/ W5 w0 d u+ F: P* J+ K
51. Walk-outs
$ k& {- s- y7 R) x. g# O 52. Silence
' O4 I5 p J) G' L2 R2 a 53. Renouncing honors
/ A- C X+ d e4 D 54. Turning one’s back
, p8 m+ A2 h7 g [/ l9 J- g* e3 F) G5 g* X% ^* z0 d
3 e6 R+ B0 _2 Z0 z! N) ]
5 U" ?* j1 j2 W" U: e0 K/ b& a
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 a$ O! _8 R1 z" z6 g , E1 d) r. \; P5 X7 Q
9 Q; Z% i g/ T% c4 o: r
Ostracism of Persons
$ u9 r; k6 W+ ^+ `% {, [* p 55. Social boycott
4 l! b% u- U7 ?; D) k' t* U# H 56. Selective social boycott
1 W0 T( j" R/ z( F" F' b 57. Lysistratic nonaction
( D! x+ g0 `/ i4 f4 \ 58. Excommunication
3 g% a' Q! ~$ C" J 59. Interdict
$ B0 c8 m$ ^7 k5 D6 i) e
5 a6 z9 q0 z; E/ i% V4 [Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- E0 X2 U5 {6 t: {! { } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ { A7 ?8 T; Z9 i
61. Boycott of social affairs `2 G$ l. _" D2 l* K) \
62. Student strike
( R. v- h8 m" ^8 u3 d- m 63. Social disobedience
7 _: R' |" p, r& c) X# y$ |9 h$ G 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System: F7 D" H5 g, O- Y+ L0 a
65. Stay-at-home0 h0 K& }* u& F# \1 X. [5 V: `
66. Total personal noncooperation
* U& }" g! V5 x: s% y, i+ a 67. “Flight” of workers
8 e: I+ M& q% q. t0 u% O' G+ F 68. Sanctuary# C( Q( z3 l% P, L, {
69. Collective disappearance J! I9 u- J+ `- Z
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! x& {% X# T! H. E
) d$ v; l% o+ @0 T) _
6 k5 a5 e5 u7 [1 u- bActions by Consumers- G4 {5 Y9 V$ s3 j# h
71. Consumers’ boycott5 `) U1 U1 U% @5 N' P$ O# _& C9 A1 r
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ f7 }7 @) N' ]6 T/ M3 \0 L
73. Policy of austerity
/ i. y2 K8 s6 x, B! s; ?) x 74. Rent withholding! ?1 L" p2 m. [. {+ T1 j
75. Refusal to rent, n; t" | y( a; q
76. National consumers’ boycott
: ?! ]8 ^; m) ~" P1 k9 B; { 77. International consumers’ boycott
$ R" x" @6 c! V. D
: u$ s+ i3 O/ f# t. i/ v+ q, Y& dAction by Workers and Producers
, t7 V, o V. a" D! O+ B 78. Workmen’s boycott" V+ I* j% s9 w# {% ?0 o
79. Producers’ boycott5 R* Y5 K( a+ C8 ?% o! d
5 K0 B; ~: `" x* M5 q+ V
Action by Middlemen
* }( H# t+ B& L! `: d 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 f& \$ M1 L: m, M5 N6 G6 v5 A
( C# s9 N5 \- W4 u& }4 i3 gAction by Owners and Management# F7 S z6 B" o' p* V
81. Traders’ boycott
+ E* ^' f# p* o# Q% b 82. Refusal to let or sell property m' m; H# q5 U9 e$ s
83. Lockout6 u% L; A% ], o8 u1 }
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 l4 v* P0 j) K8 f" v 85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 J% w( M* L0 Z& k
: b( H$ l; k7 g1 JAction by Holders of Financial Resources0 _9 A3 m& k+ ~* M. H
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% f% |3 n+ @- H4 a 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments1 J5 X$ F, W: p9 g! Q7 b U
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( W% H1 {9 _/ k. v S
89. Severance of funds and credit/ |# u7 j% r( F
90. Revenue refusal
0 D8 N$ x+ Z$ C2 I# | 91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ J: C8 F: Z2 W% `, h. G
9 F- L# U; y4 p Z: {2 [Action by Governments: i! r' p( A) Y' Y7 Z' j) X
92. Domestic embargo) c- ^0 V( y# K5 f2 D
93. Blacklisting of traders2 R, D) B% X" | v+ L* I& Y
94. International sellers’ embargo
: |3 ~( Z( P0 s 95. International buyers’ embargo
, S# B& {4 @( i8 g; k 96. International trade embargo- \( P: ^( \( h/ f9 R" G% G
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6 x0 I; W. [: g3 q9 h3 c3 G7 OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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% [, t: \( y3 iSymbolic Strikes
/ b) b2 L% V) v/ _7 I! { 97. Protest strike
& t+ k! h2 O6 L. x 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)$ ^2 R- X: Z% o
3 e5 v4 a0 u. Z S, i7 s* c, L% P
Agricultural Strikes, l: q1 C, B- f7 k
99. Peasant strike
: B# S j8 N/ E/ i 100. Farm Workers’ strike
: V h* @( u4 D% z: K) w* L) M( @' O& }. [
Strikes by Special Groups9 i5 m' {8 X/ x8 p g% z$ f
101. Refusal of impressed labor
, b" f; j7 `9 L n 102. Prisoners’ strike
. w1 P, Q& Y0 r$ y 103. Craft strike# @' q9 {( m+ l% u# [
104. Professional strike
) x ^' A1 T; ]% O$ A+ E. i z( ~) b" B/ O! N) O
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
) l$ N0 _: o8 ]' c' F0 |9 Y# E 105. Establishment strike
" i R; V5 Y$ D. C0 ` 106. Industry strike4 k2 W% ~$ u. N. [9 O
107. Sympathetic strike
3 G3 `& i0 g) U; G5 d& [/ n4 B8 [2 u8 J
Restricted Strikes& L) j7 l- q, P/ ]- i K3 J
108. Detailed strike$ G( R% p( P( m1 i$ a6 }% E* o
109. Bumper strike$ E$ n4 x5 q7 g- e) k6 f
110. Slowdown strike* N' x5 s: y$ P: j9 y
111. Working-to-rule strike3 c8 p$ }! q2 u
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 f! v& a' O+ {* `2 u" u
113. Strike by resignation
1 N' f0 h* b' W 114. Limited strike4 d! m1 i# m4 }7 t2 n
115. Selective strike% i: B$ ~- V& V7 o l8 v2 O
# e4 H- ~. o+ z* f5 SMulti-Industry Strikes1 W1 R8 _: o) ?
) z. e* Y9 ?# H8 c4 }9 K
116. Generalized strike3 N1 D2 }6 G- \2 B' p. @
0 F& F; T9 x# }. Z 117. General strike N3 O @9 E. F1 Q( C
8 p+ }! Y% b5 i, K# rCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures/ T3 n! F! y4 v; I! A& ^
& Q/ X) T6 A( w4 z3 x
118. Hartal6 m6 X! J% u$ `9 p+ I; \
* q6 _- l/ R$ H; h: Z( {8 J 119. Economic shutdown
1 [) ^% |( r" b, n9 E- ?3 Q5 g, w4 d+ L& p5 z, C9 T4 d9 |* z+ \( R* Q' M0 j
p( g: M" `! x' i2 p
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
6 h4 ^$ j6 H5 ~- T: W; E x; z# Z( U4 r3 e
" w! @0 ^2 U. R4 h, l, n( O% F1 ERejection of Authority4 s) l9 f2 h% c& X# }
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 ~7 [+ @3 J# O 121. Refusal of public support
3 h3 n8 R$ L I* U7 c8 j 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. a2 G' G6 V | D3 Z2 O0 L) Y4 x" y- X: z9 _- K
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! S. i+ {5 Q' z2 T' b x8 t
123. Boycott of legislative bodies: w/ y& t$ `0 c& e
124. Boycott of elections
# u- y) L% D% M# n 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 M( |( B- \6 l. v; e! v 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 o$ k& S L, K7 f% y# ~
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" L; n7 x2 X; q3 ` J) m# N F! x
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. S. ^* w" L8 A* j5 O9 A4 Z1 ~ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( x/ t+ w. |* a
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ B$ m! S" M" ^' o 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& l( ^7 |! H0 [6 x
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
$ e+ m' W/ E# Y2 m% E Y3 O6 b8 F
. g8 L" N0 t i* ~( rCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 d) ~3 B( v' m
133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 F$ D, Q1 S' [) C, R1 E) j
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! P9 u$ q8 n7 p, i/ o
135. Popular nonobedience
$ q; l$ z- |- ^0 i 136. Disguised disobedience2 W! m0 s- y3 y: _9 E! h1 J
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse! I2 e: [9 n3 k# F, W
138. Sitdown
% W+ C$ E$ S. b4 J1 [ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
% p& o; v+ f; m 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 I ?- V6 D# B0 m! N; T! n$ N* I 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
- b* Y+ w0 S9 `( `
* Y) R" D: N, h) aAction by Government Personnel9 ?1 E4 D. v2 J/ `2 b/ ?/ {
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 m Z7 E M! b 143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 Q; w3 H0 v% ?% Y. o
144. Stalling and obstruction
/ x' P) l+ X' j2 B( V 145. General administrative noncooperation) L# g: D1 [' B" m
# x* q" H8 e) A. M- Z 146. Judicial noncooperation
5 H2 F% ]" X# r* I 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
3 d! ^+ U2 j0 F4 F6 Z% s5 M9 w3 U 148. Mutiny0 p" i- D4 W! E* l1 S: `2 O
Domestic Governmental Action: S& W( _6 k+ h, E% ]! u9 Y/ s7 M
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( z: V' @2 E# ^3 U: d
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! E9 k) e+ n: h2 e* t
: j& z# Q R8 e7 q+ _: K/ ~International Governmental Action
; b- u* d }" o4 a0 }9 T" O& N% | 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 M8 d' N9 y) R% z; ^
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
* \: }- m u$ m* g; i 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' g; z& k+ T6 ^8 L. \1 n. ] 154. Severance of diplomatic relations6 s0 Y( U j( g3 z/ X/ `
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
1 I: v2 `2 n/ b' R0 q5 G5 X 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
1 t! y; U/ ?& A) U 157. Expulsion from international organizations, A* G# R" P* j+ B) N2 J; k
+ k8 r* `1 X! Z) t: N
E) e/ y, p# R1 r' @! W' U
( s! f3 Y9 {4 B, \THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 x9 P5 [1 ~+ O
4 l+ W: t# N* g , F& ^3 [1 n; i5 y5 t2 |$ f% r, K9 G
Psychological Intervention
" f7 }7 R' Q* Y5 A 158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ Q% `" Y" d. O l! U0 P9 y 159. The fast' x3 `* m/ w+ W
a) Fast of moral pressure4 Z; x# Q6 J8 k5 o" ^
b) Hunger strike
6 r: `; |/ [7 f c) Satyagrahic fast
7 E5 n0 v; M8 L( R1 d: e- @ 160. Reverse trial6 L, \: _5 M* b2 j- ?; o
161. Nonviolent harassment
" x% E# [% l5 d5 e7 q3 C' ^" _
7 W/ V5 H; `: |1 j& b6 `: TPhysical Intervention4 H6 J3 C% o2 E+ L
162. Sit-in
+ e9 a0 u3 y& p! {2 g, R# }, q4 C 163. Stand-in) m' j0 n1 p3 K* C; y# ?0 E
164. Ride-in& P3 F5 p1 ?8 r2 |" s& B
165. Wade-in7 l* b7 X8 t) d, k* P1 h. O+ q' A
166. Mill-in
/ e6 f( Y* w+ G. ?2 c4 o 167. Pray-in
& d* n3 @: u( |& v- n( D4 g b 168. Nonviolent raids0 K2 X4 W( X! w' m0 z: C, B
169. Nonviolent air raids0 q' B; i, x0 ^7 E: l& W
170. Nonviolent invasion
" S% u& I* P# y F0 Z 171. Nonviolent interjection$ o( O( D: l8 v. Y* D/ V9 z/ u
172. Nonviolent obstruction, l$ H( Y" i1 Q6 P3 ^1 r
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention! p4 g" h% e7 ~; P# g
174. Establishing new social patterns
5 G# x5 ~( W3 O 175. Overloading of facilities
( U1 V7 p4 I+ r$ f5 n& n 176. Stall-in
, H0 n. d0 t7 w' J! p) I9 v) S 177. Speak-in
& |: m: w) i q 178. Guerrilla theater
2 G; s+ M; T5 @+ m 179. Alternative social institutions6 D- _, ~! D" e4 I/ q8 w$ y1 L
180. Alternative communication system8 M2 G) _6 v* H, d5 N$ @+ ]6 v* {) a
; e! t: O. i$ G3 n" J' h# WEconomic Intervention
$ t8 V. n) s( c: o) n3 A* w 181. Reverse strike
5 o# C% V. T% n9 c4 f ]) w% X 182. Stay-in strike
7 w) n- R5 f9 \8 F3 c* ]! E 183. Nonviolent land seizure; V; ~6 y# h$ x6 z' v3 ^
184. Defiance of blockades8 R. s" ]+ g; R8 w D2 I
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ W; m: a0 Q, ?& B6 I/ `$ a9 T 186. Preclusive purchasing
! u% y6 ~, H9 Z9 T e& V 187. Seizure of assets3 g+ d8 `' B$ J. h! ^
188. Dumping
3 Y1 `" |" U: |7 }; Z% E 189. Selective patronage4 S- t' _* Y6 k5 `
190. Alternative markets
! G* S: u, `. B 191. Alternative transportation systems
" }- G$ Q3 ~1 ?; j, l m 192. Alternative economic institutions
% X) T5 @3 X: H4 |" P! k! M) [& O& O* T+ ~) f0 G
Political Intervention
! q) P, R" S' ~ T/ `8 o 193. Overloading of administrative systems5 y& K/ f2 A$ z
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
1 T2 r% ]$ o$ K. U. Q 195. Seeking imprisonment; ^" q- b/ e1 E f
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 h- S x: z2 X" g1 V3 u8 K! H 197. Work-on without collaboration- Q' G2 `+ X4 {8 ~# }/ F1 i! [
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government4 F {- h E2 q$ g9 M" L5 H' x
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
