 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION* x) y+ }6 t- W
Formal Statements" K- i* z t" B4 E% e& s
1. Public Speeches
& A! l* t. K0 g/ ~. \: H! m+ } 2. Letters of opposition or support/ g! Z9 K; G* i' a- t6 u s6 X
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" T7 ?, {1 ]8 p. I 4. Signed public statements
; Y |& r* u& u2 u, R8 w! f 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& V, S! l- B7 ~$ M" m+ T* a 6. Group or mass petitions5 X9 r& t( H/ q3 t, W; N; h
3 _! H- [0 j& u5 w
Communications with a Wider Audience
8 c% j8 V8 M5 C* M 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& v7 d# l1 h' `0 G9 j' g% k2 L 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 V( g9 O, c' j( w4 L! i
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ Y( d3 L! a ?- p0 Z 10. Newspapers and journals. ] z) q9 \5 A' U( J. O: H
11. Records, radio, and television
+ N, ^, P) _8 B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 ]" @7 |" K+ G" G: F8 g! G
& ]' k7 B# _: Y9 U" cGroup Representations" c5 k5 D i2 E3 Q ?% p O9 |
13. Deputations
0 r C9 ~# x1 |' {* u 14. Mock awards
7 h) x* ^# y! ^* X ?! t2 O- G 15. Group lobbying
0 n- d5 x/ n9 L6 Q/ C. t ~& a 16. Picketing6 i% e+ T/ g+ n+ ?" V
17. Mock elections4 U# p& j7 V7 |% H. h! c I
0 X6 Q% b& _/ S2 e( i
Symbolic Public Acts
+ m7 c! X$ O; G4 d" G 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
4 o9 C% k- b; { 19. Wearing of symbols6 q `( [7 i! o% O0 {7 y4 S% U5 i
20. Prayer and worship
: l5 \, C" S/ W) u" r h$ {& ? 21. Delivering symbolic objects! a- N# Q( P6 n; V; @8 W
22. Protest disrobings
& {, [6 c; N5 T$ C 23. Destruction of own property
" I' O( R! S6 r" @- }# U 24. Symbolic lights; j+ I2 C% f& L# N$ F* O5 ~/ A
25. Displays of portraits
e& R n9 N4 H 26. Paint as protest
, b2 E( g% a7 K8 i 27. New signs and names7 O8 S) @( j7 i7 d! s& Q
28. Symbolic sounds6 e, k! \8 [2 w. I7 X; w( w
29. Symbolic reclamations
; n; v' q" g7 E* \8 D: w 30. Rude gestures
4 D$ A% ^) H c$ c2 B; Q! p
4 h. Z6 o* y' ]% X" d9 VPressures on Individuals: `" v. s2 J4 N2 Q2 E4 g$ X. T
31. “Haunting” officials' v8 G6 Z) N5 t
32. Taunting officials# N/ L* t c( R0 k
33. Fraternization
8 ~2 T& m$ M- S1 y4 ?- W0 {$ _, D 34. Vigils
" j% ]+ U0 s+ [5 b4 T: Q) V: v. @3 @
Drama and Music; G, H6 B5 m& B5 X0 `/ u
35. Humorous skits and pranks
* N5 _3 p8 t9 }( Q8 q 36. Performances of plays and music
# F) O$ U. u* [3 F/ O 37. Singing/ T/ u) ^# w4 }. n) {. Y
; ? c: r( \" T6 O. {
Processions$ ]6 a1 m& J2 M: I- k* }
38. Marches
4 Z& ^+ B# Y& U! j2 G3 s3 c& c4 J+ R4 f 39. Parades3 K# H* |5 ?2 j5 y8 |! L6 J' o4 P
40. Religious processions0 j$ q1 X! U: M' `" T+ v7 {( i% S
41. Pilgrimages
E& D+ e3 G. T, k! a6 ^$ ? 42. Motorcades
6 K9 ^; ~1 f5 P- r3 g% L/ U' A5 S/ p( \- i8 z: ~& q% v, T1 i
Honoring the Dead1 H* ?. D) {+ P7 R! v
43. Political mourning
2 A( a* @5 Z2 p 44. Mock funerals
0 @- O# Y* d& t+ @! _- A+ R 45. Demonstrative funerals
3 M6 P9 d0 F, @2 L4 T 46. Homage at burial places
, F9 Y Z( A$ I) r1 R
% x$ O' q' L; i. sPublic Assemblies
! t9 j( P4 a) O+ c2 {2 y 47. Assemblies of protest or support' B2 p9 V6 f" Q! ^
48. Protest meetings
/ F# h. l6 K Q* w4 a; x& G! h 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest$ d% G8 F6 R6 J! P" q2 V+ }* d
50. Teach-ins: B* r4 m9 Z- Z2 G! I3 I& C; D. H$ U
; P8 L) f, S7 O6 r; u
Withdrawal and Renunciation
) V# ?7 q! E/ n8 ` 51. Walk-outs
: K5 _9 _# e- ~1 _8 \ 52. Silence
# |2 h% ~& P z0 G, i M1 ]8 ? 53. Renouncing honors
2 T6 j4 \. ~4 g5 s! `/ D& D 54. Turning one’s back) _; H7 f0 @0 U8 o
8 k; k4 l; L" Z # i! [+ ~6 w0 W' W5 _: m$ `. e! X1 d
, P6 O. x5 r) yTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
; s' p- g5 {' {+ ]
% E9 J' }5 L1 W
, w, c9 a7 i2 L G6 v( I! m" i! q+ m7 n! E& h
Ostracism of Persons5 w' {" h/ o+ U0 Z- u4 @' n/ C
55. Social boycott, X! q8 o& V! k5 i5 B
56. Selective social boycott5 ^( u! t$ A% f+ \/ X( g2 k- c
57. Lysistratic nonaction \$ e7 A/ L0 S) m/ V6 j$ a8 A" e" H
58. Excommunication
& b' F( V5 S" R1 n4 r 59. Interdict6 Q0 c& K' K* l# b$ g. Q) @
% o9 L, ~6 r& A8 A, h& p# O% j( {! l1 aNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 E5 s9 S/ _; W K3 }# h$ g 60. Suspension of social and sports activities3 i0 R# a$ s' S0 I8 x0 A2 v
61. Boycott of social affairs" r' b/ s* B/ v! @0 C
62. Student strike+ T) J) D$ o: @' H5 s& [0 a& j! z
63. Social disobedience
7 a, w" ?* t! p1 z. {" P" D 64. Withdrawal from social institutions/ _7 P; O# M+ G/ h; k( `/ b
( ~: S: @6 V5 E
Withdrawal from the Social System
$ M9 S) \! y2 @1 B: }! l! t: | 65. Stay-at-home- n" L' t& D$ h+ i
66. Total personal noncooperation( A+ t# R( `! v- w- P' L0 s* ?
67. “Flight” of workers* S3 H4 k, V2 z% a
68. Sanctuary3 _! P8 m" O% \4 y* O
69. Collective disappearance
6 l$ W5 r6 o0 F- K Y! Z/ _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)) T$ X) o$ W& Z6 {4 k
0 Y+ ]. ?" ^8 Q' P6 _( R/ e
/ Y `9 a% R. M4 F
7 l- L$ o( {6 g$ b8 [/ I6 STHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
) A7 H# k8 F- A7 n. [2 j) i1 W8 C' z8 ]
$ x3 i C4 L1 p" ^' i& I" A- _
Actions by Consumers6 c% y* e1 I$ ]+ I
71. Consumers’ boycott: J7 G. f& l" a2 ~1 J% d
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 s) r+ f7 J5 r: I- \, i3 R 73. Policy of austerity0 {& i" f4 \5 h" Q9 F
74. Rent withholding" }; {8 Z. L- Q6 s# P: M
75. Refusal to rent
2 D, I& J# B# W$ x6 \: O# d 76. National consumers’ boycott: U C* ?/ k+ z0 ?0 v4 v
77. International consumers’ boycott
: Z) S3 i0 m4 U4 d
! K1 s$ g4 N0 X& E% VAction by Workers and Producers
+ B7 M4 I/ R ]( P# ] 78. Workmen’s boycott, K1 k2 ~ i2 Z `& r
79. Producers’ boycott
B2 r; P9 i# `
8 @! ^' S0 h" h: F }& ^; MAction by Middlemen
6 u) f1 f9 V' b) f/ e4 w3 s: T$ _ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
h3 z- J) d# s' e& A% b' a
" q1 q; H. q i1 j# x2 w! KAction by Owners and Management, N Z5 V0 G( [
81. Traders’ boycott) A8 P0 r. V9 F
82. Refusal to let or sell property
" ]; k9 P2 M* O: A 83. Lockout' z% f& D7 Y9 [+ \3 d) y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance- e" a6 o. T( I3 G
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
- y1 v8 X( J; [) U/ S9 v- i3 W# a* }/ R
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
- T- `. W9 W8 V* ?6 `& b 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
8 z G- m3 [7 d. w! f1 G" ] 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ P, p% C' M, K- s# h! Y1 k. L 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
" K+ S# C0 F+ h( l/ _4 V+ ?% ^ 89. Severance of funds and credit. H/ Q# b2 b# H, r2 U
90. Revenue refusal0 a, ?5 e) ]- o) d; T# U
91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 a, C3 W' K5 ^3 R/ Y
3 L: I$ k! _( N5 jAction by Governments
5 C0 b' H9 ~/ z 92. Domestic embargo
6 N3 L4 Y3 g0 J* x+ h! g; |# a 93. Blacklisting of traders
4 B; s6 U. ~% a7 G 94. International sellers’ embargo1 W& f `; J. ]8 {
95. International buyers’ embargo
& y; I9 K9 e+ ?4 }1 p 96. International trade embargo, H! m) p( W' \3 f( U/ `
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, M0 q2 U3 Q, j- A9 U& i1 C1 }2 _+ |5 ?6 V. s8 ]* o, U4 P
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
3 e# |* p0 N+ O# q) r h4 t" x8 r- D* K/ T! r( i( m$ J( r
$ D. N* t7 j2 T- e: }: i/ p7 q
Symbolic Strikes* f- m1 N9 Q0 l3 V
97. Protest strike
: O; \4 C- {. c 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- i x' P$ W7 t# s" x, M
5 o5 P) |6 F, iAgricultural Strikes9 l+ J8 ?5 H: `" r0 F3 r
99. Peasant strike n. \ s- ?. H
100. Farm Workers’ strike* n, T, x2 W7 H K- S2 s8 r
" h/ X! d, O* ^: o' h! J6 B. o
Strikes by Special Groups6 U* G0 s: C; i
101. Refusal of impressed labor! ~" ?' k* ? u) [4 Y" e1 u
102. Prisoners’ strike
5 O% e/ Z& a( F9 Y 103. Craft strike+ L# k; t* X% W% |, p/ Z
104. Professional strike
( _( c6 L! r4 C ?% Q1 L, v
5 h5 L- k F9 r# x4 h g' jOrdinary Industrial Strikes% _3 e. ^8 l7 ~' v4 A4 H
105. Establishment strike/ l3 `% ~* z) L" C% k( B& R
106. Industry strike
1 s' m7 f, h+ K9 a- l7 C 107. Sympathetic strike- v1 B# d2 r$ Z8 e9 I& s# x, c. g
5 X; ?9 ~$ P# P, C3 w# a F, [
Restricted Strikes
8 t' ~( v/ V5 m% A0 O 108. Detailed strike; K. w6 P, r- E6 k# [/ @
109. Bumper strike8 I- t3 Z2 E4 n
110. Slowdown strike
- Z9 T. \! v, J 111. Working-to-rule strike
" C: s3 U9 h$ _3 u* V6 Q/ ?& F 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! w _* ]* l. N, c P7 ^- c
113. Strike by resignation
" k% J3 t3 D9 H3 b3 h3 G$ N 114. Limited strike: i6 [" P1 Y0 |- M. y+ {0 `* |
115. Selective strike
% f1 I9 R8 m& k' q0 u$ g$ A/ G" H B8 U3 _/ n" D
Multi-Industry Strikes
# ~6 V1 y0 s- X& s4 K9 C0 e
' c0 n! [4 k; L 116. Generalized strike' u" H( i# I5 C2 q, T; p
4 {3 T% L* M# S- \2 V6 g
117. General strike
) p, M* ]% n9 P, Z) C1 z5 I9 _6 E+ f I7 t r
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures* e W6 l8 S' r! e- ]; O1 [* Z4 b F
) e- Q- w: T2 A8 K2 R. ]. `
118. Hartal
7 k5 w+ S! n' e0 M; d
& X2 _5 w, f2 Q; r8 | 119. Economic shutdown
, G! [5 C1 m- V$ s. n; r7 B, k- O# e& r$ J0 J4 z9 p
6 L7 U; K% p& X1 `
8 r% l% H' d2 z# e1 e
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 k4 w6 k3 y$ Y D2 W% F! U
* i ]* m+ j( F7 i4 S1 z, f/ ]
5 k: H; Y# t" b/ hRejection of Authority
0 q z! z7 {& D/ I. b" D. V: ^ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 U, N' K/ m( t9 J- o- l 121. Refusal of public support g5 @1 ?4 [2 h. D2 S" ?
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. n( f2 V( C6 C/ V# b; m. m
2 c5 P+ Z' _% ICitizens’ Noncooperation with Government" ^- ~& y! [0 ^+ B; q, d+ J& y6 g
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% w) [ l/ i, t( P$ I: g2 D 124. Boycott of elections& U. N8 B# x! r! G* ~! e
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 \3 }1 p# z2 z0 p ?. L7 [/ D0 ~0 c* ? 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 b0 \: s. {4 }9 I8 V: F3 | 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" X9 b0 z" p8 B3 K2 y) v
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ X8 d$ J c" O; n+ H6 S, D 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% k! g9 f2 Z+ q3 S! t4 _ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks, f& e7 A2 D+ R" Z
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
$ T) f. z5 x+ [! p& J T 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# R7 n* j* Y) P$ b# r ^9 @& ]( W; `3 h$ D( n
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience- O1 T5 Q& v& [* s+ }5 P
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
6 ~# P( }" o7 i# a; @ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 s' E+ l0 [7 Q 135. Popular nonobedience0 X5 Y! r# ^: i- e9 f
136. Disguised disobedience. Z% {4 r% |* C _
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ C0 f8 T2 Q- i7 P8 c& O
138. Sitdown7 Q9 U* n, d2 z6 U( Q9 x2 Q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 V/ g5 E6 C8 o( M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 U; z. p- v7 D 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' J3 Q) k& P9 w) b5 p' b4 a
9 d, }- X" q, X4 e" ~: qAction by Government Personnel# ~8 Z- z- b- l7 k- F( J
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( x# N" n% @4 x4 l& Y1 @. w- r 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; d# o& b3 J# Y6 I 144. Stalling and obstruction8 W F! X4 ^4 L, c9 @0 J/ J
145. General administrative noncooperation$ c5 w2 t# Z L+ @) T
: q, a; ]4 g: c q 146. Judicial noncooperation
* c& g5 f5 `! O0 q. b 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents5 b4 t3 @' o' n
148. Mutiny
" T2 I* d; c3 E! t* }7 HDomestic Governmental Action$ L# H/ j: ^' K- Z' Z7 E8 F$ r: l
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
+ P; q; M6 H: N8 n0 V& ? 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 I) V0 w/ i2 U# R7 i/ E/ Y. d+ i2 B) ]
International Governmental Action
7 V) o4 p$ J4 `2 N6 g, O 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations% H. K7 T0 i3 N5 l0 ?2 a& Y; c0 U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ x# p h4 `; |, b: v1 }& P. x. ] 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition- U9 o W0 [7 P
154. Severance of diplomatic relations2 @" T8 _4 R7 m
155. Withdrawal from international organizations8 z [3 f5 b; W: F
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies: j: S. { b1 u: |8 S, W. |
157. Expulsion from international organizations
3 R( C: |1 b( [7 c9 p
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$ d: \. V' A1 B# w U4 r% S" G* H0 r4 S2 [" q
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
! s& d$ c* q! h$ u. b$ G# C I+ H7 D: c, a
3 [* i; t7 n3 c8 T
Psychological Intervention9 J e# e; k& y( l8 _2 q
158. Self-exposure to the elements
& g$ ?; i# e1 u7 G2 |6 T 159. The fast
8 k0 s. s: n" t! i1 n/ D/ S D a) Fast of moral pressure C- W! p6 i3 O8 l r3 _
b) Hunger strike
4 O0 ~ f0 Q, P+ n c) Satyagrahic fast4 c( Y) _' l. E" D* M0 V
160. Reverse trial
0 |6 Y1 ^0 P. c6 [# O& X) x 161. Nonviolent harassment
( P, G$ ~1 q; d, W- X: q. s2 G' I
3 L: q" C. H8 \Physical Intervention
$ q p; T: ]4 A) N& A7 _ h 162. Sit-in
& k G0 q5 ?9 V( H 163. Stand-in
' y6 \1 g. U$ h- b' E/ z! H 164. Ride-in; s5 |5 h: h2 U8 ^+ s
165. Wade-in L* W6 {4 |% M" H; T
166. Mill-in
H/ _4 N7 G- k# E 167. Pray-in
( N V9 ^- M n 168. Nonviolent raids% j" C2 j! n$ ~; o4 p
169. Nonviolent air raids
3 b6 g! B0 _8 G6 [4 L$ B, h 170. Nonviolent invasion7 y r1 r! i4 c0 J5 B5 p0 S8 \ V
171. Nonviolent interjection
0 S2 X6 E% M5 C* |9 [* U% w 172. Nonviolent obstruction% t5 S% m2 y' \
173. Nonviolent occupation$ {$ p9 m; g- V" H: V
7 G3 r: N2 d$ w- W. |2 g6 g' pSocial Intervention
H/ _8 j& E+ ]: K 174. Establishing new social patterns
6 Z9 S* `) e. d# N! q& i: L 175. Overloading of facilities+ X" D1 z: q9 k; W2 _' X
176. Stall-in
V" E7 J2 j% Y4 j" w8 f 177. Speak-in
( d) [3 ]% o- J6 s 178. Guerrilla theater
% D0 G, h. h+ e 179. Alternative social institutions
! Z- ]) f1 X& b: p 180. Alternative communication system% C% P+ X; j8 s
7 i6 u; N) ~ FEconomic Intervention
) N, n% D0 ^; Z7 W 181. Reverse strike
% k6 R- e( v1 A 182. Stay-in strike
E: y, R# d. P- D @1 Z7 h 183. Nonviolent land seizure% c. f3 [6 B @2 L s' r
184. Defiance of blockades* I1 n, v! f4 ]9 i
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ b# |! `& e2 W7 g" t- [1 k3 ? 186. Preclusive purchasing$ B. W1 N/ k7 Z& H
187. Seizure of assets
# l- {- B5 W5 R+ m4 ?/ S/ ^5 B 188. Dumping
7 l& M; Q% y9 ^/ \; d$ O4 V 189. Selective patronage! W, U- P4 x; u; g+ R6 X) N
190. Alternative markets
0 o* I8 l6 h$ X( q* b9 { 191. Alternative transportation systems- n# [9 {4 h4 [2 X5 W; N
192. Alternative economic institutions7 M* {1 M1 F" O
% I+ N* T; G; [$ ^& c! \" ]
Political Intervention% q/ E2 d9 f5 G# q+ z) b
193. Overloading of administrative systems$ |/ Q1 v' I4 C: y2 m6 w/ z% z9 T0 J
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, l! N) _" `( B+ o2 s* E9 | 195. Seeking imprisonment5 j0 V, B2 P! n L* m+ ^
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& b% n, _! C& A6 g: ^+ ^) B 197. Work-on without collaboration
. A/ v1 K, H8 L# A& v) P( E 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
