 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& P: M2 x" R: n; ]/ D# @Formal Statements# T" _/ v! R# u
1. Public Speeches
. {' K) {2 y" a( t 2. Letters of opposition or support, W a# ?. v2 J/ e. J: h+ ~ ~) a
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' |; _6 J% ~1 _
4. Signed public statements# U6 H/ P [" ~( _( F+ ^
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# v. i6 z$ \. W$ q, t. t) z 6. Group or mass petitions8 K( B0 q+ O. U' s
: m" p9 {5 T( q3 g8 [
Communications with a Wider Audience
8 d" U) T' u' q: p7 S 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* f4 j8 K; [" Q; |4 D
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 f( z6 ?" M- ]3 s
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# l. R" }( S1 R 10. Newspapers and journals
v5 a n0 i. @" p9 w4 a, c/ E0 k& @' a% j 11. Records, radio, and television! P- _) ]4 n1 u8 j6 T
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. e) P) z4 q9 {' r$ d; j8 o0 W9 U1 l
Group Representations0 l: a3 k0 N" \! s2 c
13. Deputations$ r8 F2 N8 p. }4 i$ v
14. Mock awards
/ g' h% u8 s6 _9 y8 E 15. Group lobbying- t' J4 G/ x, p0 ], A, c
16. Picketing2 \5 T0 J' ]" K! Y/ n
17. Mock elections
/ B& E% ~$ O. q! B9 D! e u
$ U X8 l4 P: {7 \" ?9 jSymbolic Public Acts
9 ]$ p" c7 K/ v4 U. Z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors+ V! I+ w* W& I6 C. q
19. Wearing of symbols- C+ r" v( @' G$ k
20. Prayer and worship
3 z1 ]; i7 V. u |# J' d' h5 C. v' u 21. Delivering symbolic objects' h5 J& v' K0 b X0 s( @
22. Protest disrobings! u: q% S. R0 f* [; [7 r
23. Destruction of own property, x7 r2 [2 I; ] t
24. Symbolic lights/ C6 U+ ^" x* d, |* M/ Y3 l3 t& ?& r
25. Displays of portraits* l) n2 n" W$ z1 E; X# q4 b
26. Paint as protest( V2 f5 W6 A# n/ |, V. V$ t$ a
27. New signs and names, h' S! C: n% ]/ u2 X+ V x: w) K5 @
28. Symbolic sounds' j S1 e0 A# j$ \/ `9 h* V8 K' Z) j
29. Symbolic reclamations
0 X; s5 E' r& a+ @6 ` 30. Rude gestures
1 r2 b8 c3 R/ Z K3 ~5 A
, G. U9 ~5 T# {Pressures on Individuals
( |5 f% w1 r6 M. j, ? 31. “Haunting” officials
+ w* M6 }$ c1 v' o/ ] 32. Taunting officials# K+ W" ~ k* }4 V$ m% W/ u
33. Fraternization
" I2 S3 L% l8 @. a2 D$ V 34. Vigils1 i2 I. z; s+ j
9 r- W) B: |* H/ EDrama and Music
8 L) n2 ?# G; b 35. Humorous skits and pranks1 K- F \. K v* I
36. Performances of plays and music
/ E" D, m2 L9 k- x4 A2 E 37. Singing
7 ]$ ~" p- \! w6 h+ A# k5 m( i5 V
Processions7 A- ^7 W& s" d' x( A( \8 y. S: U! O
38. Marches
9 ?8 Y# R. J/ p( W' a 39. Parades& Y S% P6 i/ M2 w
40. Religious processions
1 i( q1 w( [ g) Z9 i 41. Pilgrimages+ M7 f% a# `/ b j* P, J
42. Motorcades
, \0 I& B: I3 h; R d6 d
5 N, [$ D7 |4 m6 w' I# L: iHonoring the Dead7 m. i! E% } H- d! H" S9 I7 C' |( p
43. Political mourning
% v# f6 u1 J0 f, U( e 44. Mock funerals
8 ^- m+ l& `7 T 45. Demonstrative funerals
0 n9 K( g3 F; b9 b 46. Homage at burial places
* n8 n; [" D) l- L" D
5 R( b) I+ M% `Public Assemblies! _2 H& K* O* j+ F% O4 M
47. Assemblies of protest or support* ~( i' F& f! |. a3 [
48. Protest meetings
' ^' N. \9 T8 A9 ?/ f3 u6 E) h- s 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- e7 E/ f+ y; p# j6 d9 X 50. Teach-ins
0 w5 }2 N8 o7 a2 C
+ [: T! V9 H; y6 o; {Withdrawal and Renunciation
2 y/ I( I. O1 z 51. Walk-outs
" X5 C( O' G z {1 M 52. Silence
$ D9 @& H8 U9 J& F' Q: Z# c/ J 53. Renouncing honors
: W; {: H3 m7 d: v% r8 ~/ g; |( @ 54. Turning one’s back
* b0 {7 }" D! G& \
6 M9 A0 T6 z* S# |$ O
; o2 Y- I1 }6 ?9 d
6 s/ s9 [6 f( e. RTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% ?9 w6 Q, z* ? U+ p! \( Z h) y
. ^% G, u- k4 ]% a
" C4 L% ^/ V. I, `
5 L6 v! |# k2 s' s7 [" Y5 s {Ostracism of Persons9 n, g1 q( y: Y4 G( o% ?
55. Social boycott5 }2 |, o. R+ d
56. Selective social boycott1 M \4 z. {* _4 _
57. Lysistratic nonaction
" v# _; \% a1 q7 l 58. Excommunication* r( f& v: n2 u. \5 {% M9 h7 s* K5 D
59. Interdict2 k, t3 }- Y3 I( o
/ F- t. ?4 t4 K" u6 XNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
- O7 v9 m' E2 B+ m 60. Suspension of social and sports activities2 Q2 V: C9 P9 M P+ o
61. Boycott of social affairs, h( H9 Q! {6 Z8 ?: h% v. w
62. Student strike
% t7 x$ }5 x2 r5 u: y% c/ G 63. Social disobedience# `5 a* j4 a+ [" `+ n/ `1 `
64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 E9 S) l8 m# Z+ r
D$ V$ B- I* {1 B- ^
Withdrawal from the Social System9 b+ O# X, ?8 M. g; ?* I: _4 h
65. Stay-at-home' |: Q D4 e' H
66. Total personal noncooperation/ Q2 u* U9 m* O- C" u: `
67. “Flight” of workers8 W9 [, ~4 ^) j# F
68. Sanctuary
- p% q! j Y G1 \4 q" K 69. Collective disappearance1 l, ]. j) |' p- |
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 a# m, L1 w9 i! l
( w6 v9 m, O7 Z7 {
4 _- D. M5 @" y
, W( [& G. z; ~' C5 NTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! [* M5 {; G2 o* e g' J* [
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) T. g/ n. b9 P/ ~Actions by Consumers
% A" }6 Y+ E7 M/ @ O 71. Consumers’ boycott6 p, B+ J& n+ A+ n/ _) E6 @
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods' s- V+ C/ @7 v' B. P; k
73. Policy of austerity8 w5 Q% [* h- z {4 m
74. Rent withholding) [4 O z) s4 T6 M/ O$ c
75. Refusal to rent
; Q& Z9 T% u) U/ X' p/ ?% x, j 76. National consumers’ boycott2 K, M; i/ j8 W& X: } H
77. International consumers’ boycott0 o! g m: j P. b- K! c( T
9 ?" G( H; d7 cAction by Workers and Producers
( T' r5 M5 D9 ]" c6 X4 X4 C 78. Workmen’s boycott5 z9 V% q, y, X
79. Producers’ boycott
( o$ l U8 r0 [) ~4 M! R8 Q) N N L! V# y/ L
Action by Middlemen
* [, R) m C0 \: [: _ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" h' ^' k" V. P8 E) r, D/ H
7 Z/ w% {3 d( }% D3 _6 V, f" t
Action by Owners and Management
8 a" D' k9 t2 e6 X4 ]" c" n1 v 81. Traders’ boycott7 d- a, ^% H- J6 x
82. Refusal to let or sell property
# N. ?# p2 l' @: y9 _+ I 83. Lockout+ f) E) f) l3 Q7 p
84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 Q( m/ K9 r! B' `
85. Merchants’ “general strike”& I4 M$ t- O* O# k
, q/ Q+ r3 J% F4 m, d2 cAction by Holders of Financial Resources
) E$ o5 e% s- E2 ` 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, A: ]5 l2 N7 W1 q9 S+ r ? 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 Z, ?& z5 h- |( o
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: _+ C2 k% }. u- ?0 M4 O1 n 89. Severance of funds and credit
+ K0 ?# T" I$ O: J0 f q' Q" a 90. Revenue refusal6 x, Z8 O/ u4 f1 `4 ~
91. Refusal of a government’s money9 o) Y* p7 n0 N( g' C' y( f
m; U) n( ^6 U# c& T- nAction by Governments5 v* J- s3 w6 ^9 w3 n: u0 C
92. Domestic embargo
+ }6 v5 d+ q8 C3 [0 ] 93. Blacklisting of traders+ g7 |) a/ j3 v" V! ~3 S
94. International sellers’ embargo
! }+ c- q) v. l 95. International buyers’ embargo8 @. i; O- K! ~ A/ |+ k9 p
96. International trade embargo8 Z [) b' e, U b
/ {' D! u( P( S. g: v/ _* {. F 7 V5 ^5 s$ n v
& t# b1 C& x3 D4 ^7 L- Z+ F" {4 [THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# x2 K# I: S# z6 S( b- }
# u2 M/ H; G% A& b! f J* D$ o- l6 R$ ~$ [' ~% u
Symbolic Strikes* K4 Y9 w" H+ r
97. Protest strike4 W- L; r7 M" h& T& [- N2 J
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)7 i* w8 C6 \. a: o# P" t4 ^+ {. x5 ]! @
- Q4 {2 u$ l# e0 I3 s
Agricultural Strikes
3 V" c; @# `2 P6 m; y 99. Peasant strike" ^' l0 X$ C- B) J7 Y S
100. Farm Workers’ strike
# a, M _: B3 [+ G9 l& b' A0 ~5 i+ _$ H e& U
Strikes by Special Groups) O% y' q, O7 L. Q, V
101. Refusal of impressed labor) ]6 i; x# {1 v8 T; I5 N: {
102. Prisoners’ strike
5 F9 K. \+ B7 w% m 103. Craft strike
0 b, K5 s6 F' z. T3 h 104. Professional strike
' s/ g# P# T) o- l& `( _& r4 S2 X, C1 L+ V( z( K
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
+ T c% s0 M; }4 { 105. Establishment strike K! `( ?0 O- |
106. Industry strike
- ~+ K$ `. @6 E- D9 `+ [6 l/ t 107. Sympathetic strike
) S1 b* O# w1 }
4 ~9 G3 T, q# Q4 N! r& h; qRestricted Strikes. L$ J7 |, [% K a0 E
108. Detailed strike7 G& ~5 L3 b0 h+ u Z1 G( W( X/ j% t
109. Bumper strike
7 [. A5 w6 u9 b0 d( h8 s: r 110. Slowdown strike
# w- ^$ b8 J/ R: K# N! g* X# L) g 111. Working-to-rule strike
7 l9 T& ?+ k; Z# o 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 O2 F0 }/ v8 u
113. Strike by resignation
0 k& T: f9 z( f 114. Limited strike1 i+ M. ^& @4 d+ p
115. Selective strike
; Q( z9 ?$ l5 X( w, U' Y! L/ `: O' j9 i4 t2 o/ S; _! g1 }" |- S
Multi-Industry Strikes" U5 @8 _9 V8 v. C" x0 j- t
0 B) B8 _, V% i, `! e" | Z& S
116. Generalized strike/ b8 n- F4 h* v
' W) e* Z% M; j+ r3 \( E
117. General strike
2 I/ ~0 k6 ^4 U4 U; V- B
9 u) }/ a4 f6 K- aCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures2 G `) }8 m- x
; s& H ^$ v# k% E' R$ G 118. Hartal) m# _. K2 ^& {' J
7 O6 \1 v, w4 r" ]: p9 s1 r 119. Economic shutdown
: G/ x9 G7 h8 H m9 O2 [- r2 {7 @ B6 p# d
' d0 \9 i. y5 E6 U* C8 o ~$ a
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
& K4 X: X# z6 O
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Rejection of Authority
# l% N* G8 D: Z/ z) ^5 q3 w! f* O 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, {+ u( A0 U+ }/ Y6 g8 P- J1 p# v+ h; B
121. Refusal of public support8 G2 q' q7 J1 v2 X2 M) ~/ K
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 W7 \/ X9 Q$ t& X% S: ]; c7 ~
. Y a$ X- o- S3 d2 a- H. w: ~7 l
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- }! X$ v! X* q* R& q2 K 123. Boycott of legislative bodies# m5 s2 n- D# C2 J- r
124. Boycott of elections/ [. C- k/ F- W5 e
125. Boycott of government employment and positions; N: e# ^/ Z4 o+ d
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 K1 N2 S P u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 g1 L5 j$ P( r: e, y( ^( c+ M 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 h+ |9 B8 i2 B
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
; e/ p2 K8 h+ ~$ n: s; `8 U- f 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( l4 u" o) o; y& {6 \# A1 z3 G 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials) `6 U2 `- G" k' a) ?. E3 I1 C+ W1 `: f
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% J* T) t' @3 n4 S! T/ g
5 |, L( f0 @( r0 B- N( e
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* \% g( m" K0 g4 S( ]7 t 133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 j# C/ @2 |) l# W B
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ Y z; c: f# [7 ?" Y! C) U8 ^- k 135. Popular nonobedience, D4 h& d4 Z2 x3 W3 t
136. Disguised disobedience
& s2 l9 {+ d7 b9 F 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ Q, X B6 e8 s- S+ \6 X
138. Sitdown
7 \- q' a* U0 U- h 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 ]( N" X3 R0 M( R: i, t4 p 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ S9 Y1 ]. w. G5 \: o+ X 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# d" U. @8 h! }- F4 N) h% t
$ k6 Q1 l3 h# z$ r3 M* CAction by Government Personnel. ^, f: n( z" l* r# [% |/ h% u
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- D/ q( }4 z6 p% d. Y( g( q( q 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! s+ o" ]* A. j* Q7 T7 w0 U 144. Stalling and obstruction! O) Y9 [( x) X# W) C5 p* g
145. General administrative noncooperation
1 d! n+ p1 k# C' J
; K# e6 R( v2 W- A/ S% R: J 146. Judicial noncooperation
2 K4 @! C6 [' Q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
! z* `% U8 r2 X8 S0 M! c, n 148. Mutiny
0 I9 x: O- Q& {0 f% D; hDomestic Governmental Action6 x% P& e+ G @
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( R! ^4 h- b& z O) k
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units- n6 s( C6 A. x
6 ?6 E/ H, i5 L' n
International Governmental Action- S% n6 T9 Q0 J, ]
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( X! y$ C, H8 v J7 F! r( \
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% v+ j; Q d. n7 w- {$ _& @
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
7 c9 T' V9 }0 Z8 W4 c' @5 Q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
# A" ^6 o3 L A! k' \- @# m 155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ M/ _: {0 d0 ^: @ o3 n" a4 M7 P6 P
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& k2 d/ a- r; j+ s3 o& p
157. Expulsion from international organizations7 y7 R* Z2 V. ^5 ?; t5 [& Z- A
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' D0 w2 N: s l$ c, f3 ?$ oTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
5 z2 S* a1 w) [5 e, ^$ b8 J# u" [; Z `4 |
Y7 Y8 _2 S K" l% ` 9 Y7 L! Z' _: k( E3 h+ t/ J- s2 I
Psychological Intervention/ F' H* y7 j$ @0 N! d
158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ P% {: s/ L! c3 G/ q 159. The fast
. s" b5 b5 S& G8 r* j% {8 k$ N# @ a) Fast of moral pressure" Z; ^$ a: I1 A
b) Hunger strike
& T2 i& k' _$ `" N3 `3 T( x% s c) Satyagrahic fast- `2 C+ t# b5 d* p) |! B4 g
160. Reverse trial
3 E4 Q2 T$ K2 C# J6 T( ?6 J 161. Nonviolent harassment
8 B- h y: t' V6 z4 u- {& M) c5 k6 t* c2 D
Physical Intervention. I! W8 j! u m. q+ \5 G
162. Sit-in# Z9 \+ o$ o5 C B! |1 C2 s
163. Stand-in
5 q+ }* R: \; X) `% e# r" ^% X 164. Ride-in8 u/ Q9 R _% T* p4 |5 I# A
165. Wade-in# r) l" O4 l# L) W; r
166. Mill-in
6 x, t. q1 R( Q# x 167. Pray-in
7 L1 j2 D7 H/ v) g3 N; E0 }9 o. T 168. Nonviolent raids
3 w0 \5 ]. [, I" r! s 169. Nonviolent air raids+ ^9 k. c1 k! } C l6 w. y
170. Nonviolent invasion
# Z" {: y' z: w 171. Nonviolent interjection
# |# {6 ~2 K& D/ `* q 172. Nonviolent obstruction
) t N1 l! n$ l& u/ | 173. Nonviolent occupation! e: w- C% p! r$ T# J
% K, @9 A' t3 G T
Social Intervention
t* c/ `/ J$ ^" M c% B2 G 174. Establishing new social patterns! P& R- f% w# J1 `6 w) |" Y
175. Overloading of facilities
( r& x9 {# X+ R8 a& N5 e1 Y" E 176. Stall-in
1 O! q& ^, H* m6 w6 ?2 k 177. Speak-in
F; u, l; B; y9 k6 Q 178. Guerrilla theater- L5 |; k+ b X. P
179. Alternative social institutions
* |% f8 ]% o; `1 z0 y: m 180. Alternative communication system" p8 N9 Y6 T5 j/ l$ @
+ e$ P5 d T% I8 r; J: PEconomic Intervention
) P8 r2 N# Y9 ?& Z ? 181. Reverse strike+ h( h4 D3 u$ X; \" Z- a
182. Stay-in strike
7 s* u2 v& Y+ l; W$ F6 L' {# _& J* f 183. Nonviolent land seizure; C8 H. @9 `8 x
184. Defiance of blockades/ ~% {5 E7 ~5 E# _ E
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! D, d! R! S( C- @5 x/ Z7 D/ c8 R9 D, I 186. Preclusive purchasing
5 }6 ^3 Z; E) a' N+ f* d( \8 P* h 187. Seizure of assets0 D$ l/ L' h- Z; B
188. Dumping0 Q' H+ W3 \! v
189. Selective patronage
+ O. h: s) t4 {" E 190. Alternative markets4 f5 m4 Q* U) ^- _8 w
191. Alternative transportation systems7 i T( ~. H6 {8 B8 ]0 k
192. Alternative economic institutions
2 _& b! a: K: m+ i' a* G
% h; z K" [' X0 XPolitical Intervention
3 R; ~# M+ u( B/ m: x. ~4 G 193. Overloading of administrative systems
! E2 g8 C% g) j* g3 w* U# b* a- ~1 y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- G- B6 Z% k* _( {6 e
195. Seeking imprisonment# r& Y0 |. M% M1 d& G% Z3 y9 {" p
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 s( Q; `8 V5 k9 M% u [ 197. Work-on without collaboration) H1 c5 l8 y, [4 x4 U: G
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" \' n' b2 u; i
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
