 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 f. L2 ~0 l) ^# T) s2 e
Formal Statements
[% r1 B* H/ V; x+ F; } 1. Public Speeches% y g+ [: k8 I7 ?
2. Letters of opposition or support' a3 W7 R* T. |7 K0 d
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
+ @1 s* ^1 _0 c" U. Y8 _5 Y 4. Signed public statements+ }& [. H( g2 G0 ]; o$ D u
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( Q( s* s/ C7 R# B" N 6. Group or mass petitions& L/ i" S8 p3 P/ `, K3 \0 e/ t
, O1 s- I$ h1 {4 L5 m
Communications with a Wider Audience5 M; x0 U( Q( Y* J
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' J! e4 e. `; T, N 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' p- B) M! Z- T4 ^- n/ u7 D6 r 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( v' x( g2 t3 U5 v' W 10. Newspapers and journals; ]9 s) ^2 U Y6 p, s% U
11. Records, radio, and television0 Q% f* x) \% R Q" f4 F C8 f
12. Skywriting and earthwriting; Y+ Z2 A' t4 Z& t
- R, ^9 }* H( l6 L$ b! J5 ]. U
Group Representations% b6 ?8 y- @2 b- t. I/ U: ]5 @
13. Deputations! u3 p2 e1 Q3 W$ [4 U( `4 G& O; h C
14. Mock awards) T2 \1 H9 l+ a$ M
15. Group lobbying4 b5 A8 i& |2 `; G
16. Picketing
' E. U5 n" r$ E 17. Mock elections2 @/ H8 z. n, J
7 J5 s* @5 }1 t2 s! R
Symbolic Public Acts8 j6 M( m+ \% O6 }2 H
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
' x0 A" h& D) j 19. Wearing of symbols
; [& q/ h" b8 Q) B 20. Prayer and worship
( i8 `1 y5 [8 T2 m. w; } 21. Delivering symbolic objects
. K* B7 d, M% @: h 22. Protest disrobings
r# t0 w1 N4 }4 i6 D 23. Destruction of own property: y; y9 M! w2 I/ B7 t, m l: Q+ x4 B
24. Symbolic lights
, e. J, \- ]* ` 25. Displays of portraits
# z3 f+ p" o) O$ @3 A9 J 26. Paint as protest
% X8 L* T9 G% U% Y& ~8 E 27. New signs and names
4 B ?$ [+ h( |: p1 [5 e 28. Symbolic sounds
/ G4 [$ O8 D* t 29. Symbolic reclamations# p2 H5 R2 h6 w
30. Rude gestures
. B# G. s% X. o
) V: w# R% r& l4 S. lPressures on Individuals+ q- [! Z% m9 V/ G$ z
31. “Haunting” officials
4 m% Y$ G2 ^, n# q 32. Taunting officials! K( Y& P. e' U. X% {
33. Fraternization2 f# W4 f ~- ]) Y
34. Vigils7 D C5 t9 c" W( j# b5 o
( Q! i* h$ z* m R8 j* x
Drama and Music
3 Z) E2 x/ q- G, ] o 35. Humorous skits and pranks
7 M1 ?# h" @5 M. u 36. Performances of plays and music
" B# N$ B3 ?, @- A6 [ 37. Singing0 n K7 v2 d( O) W( N
s1 e) p$ s! a3 k
Processions0 E, w8 E& N* ^/ `/ U/ o8 U
38. Marches
: ~$ i9 M" P8 ~: e& C 39. Parades: v- g3 `7 W, B+ C
40. Religious processions
3 A" \5 }5 [% \; [ 41. Pilgrimages. v* G Q+ w; o1 t9 ^# m. O; y
42. Motorcades6 v* U4 v" e* B6 @$ u
/ ?' \& s* h; K# T/ VHonoring the Dead
! n; w* R! L7 `) h8 B3 n( }' P6 A 43. Political mourning0 i8 H; M7 j8 S) v
44. Mock funerals0 e3 `" [0 K! Y2 E
45. Demonstrative funerals" g6 D/ d5 ]' |5 N0 L
46. Homage at burial places
: W+ P4 }( r1 H0 m l& Y+ l/ F2 w8 ]1 ]0 L
Public Assemblies
9 L, S0 w2 P( B8 L& @ 47. Assemblies of protest or support3 u$ N4 Y: ^# q8 ]( {, d
48. Protest meetings2 E w$ [9 L5 Y
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 V4 H# M w, f$ o! o5 `! ~7 L' |9 B 50. Teach-ins
3 c) C) c6 f7 H
5 S! j c4 i" n; D4 C+ HWithdrawal and Renunciation6 R8 W7 E6 C" k. x N" o( S/ f' }
51. Walk-outs% Y4 `% a( e9 S0 |
52. Silence
: \1 o8 o0 o0 z 53. Renouncing honors
6 R" p$ `3 f) @' p8 I# T 54. Turning one’s back
+ l4 o+ ]$ I" S) J* ~6 g
+ B& K2 \7 q1 Y. H/ c 4 u4 X3 [! p/ l9 B' n$ ^% `
7 W4 h% T2 y. Y9 |7 w- r0 d! nTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 i! K& \) i+ D( R' R
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! X2 \ g2 `: Q; P2 n7 g$ i; aOstracism of Persons
" E% w6 U. S# k0 w5 ^& q) c9 _ 55. Social boycott/ [& c. j- C# t$ e
56. Selective social boycott
: E" R. ^8 Z5 [" i3 b2 s4 `7 ?* l 57. Lysistratic nonaction
1 n- ^3 @' t9 Y 58. Excommunication4 P* R1 S/ j7 n( T
59. Interdict
, u, I: s! x/ j7 g4 F% g! y. c! H h% T, q- o+ c
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; w# h. S8 X5 f, K6 m% Z 60. Suspension of social and sports activities& J; q3 j* c \% T( @
61. Boycott of social affairs f5 {% A/ f5 e- d6 a
62. Student strike: q1 W% K5 E1 N7 }/ x9 E2 h7 c
63. Social disobedience, Q5 i3 p6 ]7 I2 G, o' D
64. Withdrawal from social institutions; j' l. t5 E) O4 `/ e
8 X' Y- [6 Z( RWithdrawal from the Social System. v: r7 v: s+ p) m8 ~+ y( I
65. Stay-at-home
0 k q' ?) s, ] 66. Total personal noncooperation
: E4 ^& \4 e9 K- p2 D: W2 @* ?6 } L 67. “Flight” of workers; g6 R! G" ~5 @: V+ i" K1 I
68. Sanctuary6 E- j9 w( Q& P7 m
69. Collective disappearance
4 A/ u, h- ~. [ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- ^' G4 @ X$ r0 H& A: ]; S
[% Y) i: {' V9 f5 f% A1 q- V0 J- ]
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* r% x9 H- ?% E/ J& rTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 d6 G" d; H# u [8 ?: h
% k+ B' ]1 G% j; U3 ], T
& f: r# k7 }2 jActions by Consumers; a5 z5 |+ q" | b8 I& f- r" \
71. Consumers’ boycott5 o/ j3 Y5 ? F. t3 _2 g7 n0 n
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 O6 ?/ l7 }1 l% G1 a) `6 E, G3 H
73. Policy of austerity5 `, i- E! v; \% L0 z+ k1 _' G
74. Rent withholding/ N0 y" Q# f( @4 C: H
75. Refusal to rent" p: Z) m0 j* y
76. National consumers’ boycott
2 l9 y; a1 g9 z( C/ H 77. International consumers’ boycott
7 V& P& [+ e( g3 ~ w( `3 ^' k
: |5 O+ ]1 y" P1 n; J# H3 WAction by Workers and Producers2 |1 ~' w( r" u( E" m" x
78. Workmen’s boycott8 C8 g& X& M7 J% a8 C
79. Producers’ boycott
) j2 R1 [5 }9 X0 ^; v
, M+ [- Y; R8 L$ e* eAction by Middlemen9 I( e3 o) j4 e2 N: `1 f
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" Q1 h( Q x0 `/ V
' ]- n! R& A% _6 k1 [! \, VAction by Owners and Management; `' g6 [5 l8 Z x
81. Traders’ boycott
1 o( ~; _# n. [# v 82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ p" r1 {& W) z7 s* h, G" v! U6 f) d 83. Lockout' [$ ^5 g' r+ V3 g3 ?
84. Refusal of industrial assistance, o. H. _; y% u0 s7 A0 E
85. Merchants’ “general strike”% @$ Z. @( s e( O( ^. v' z
% P5 D' l9 k# t& X: k ]$ L4 gAction by Holders of Financial Resources' j' r6 {' Z" a
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 K6 S5 J* ]; d$ ?
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
_. { \3 b/ }2 D$ `; N0 `& n 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 |' D1 j3 D3 O$ P2 M
89. Severance of funds and credit
$ v5 m0 y& b2 o# [! f' Q+ t 90. Revenue refusal% P D) M' @3 I/ h4 X6 t4 ~
91. Refusal of a government’s money, B, u0 E: b+ P( Q/ Q
2 `; X: }9 P, h L$ P2 I
Action by Governments& M9 k5 c% ?! I) ?2 I
92. Domestic embargo
7 M4 F* h7 g3 {3 y* S% ]' D 93. Blacklisting of traders1 t! f& |+ a3 ` ^
94. International sellers’ embargo8 b7 N+ a3 G4 C, w0 ]/ c1 e( Q: K
95. International buyers’ embargo
2 R. a1 H5 p6 \7 V! j) v0 Y 96. International trade embargo
# T y0 p4 u, m0 y2 n. X) Q8 v4 ^6 I. H' p. ] q t% T1 U3 f7 d
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; {( n1 x0 D: v3 u' ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: {# l- \ K# }4 O
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& C# S, \! h5 Q7 i( z0 n& P2 \6 HSymbolic Strikes
1 @9 R) O) e7 A! M5 J 97. Protest strike
# G. x( ~8 f7 ^# a8 _$ C* O 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 `% |1 q* c! v
% p v6 M' ^! t5 \0 ?Agricultural Strikes
; Q2 b" W+ A" c) g8 N& P N: p 99. Peasant strike
% S$ u9 a1 M( I& p( R p' R! X 100. Farm Workers’ strike
- v# r3 s x9 T- k" j% S. x/ l( E1 l( n9 H. r; s
Strikes by Special Groups
/ e: _* {/ r5 l9 L e! C3 F 101. Refusal of impressed labor
1 c& @# }+ s" {: z1 O: c1 m! Z 102. Prisoners’ strike6 B) G, d: K& C- \& n
103. Craft strike Q$ A% F+ x1 V& E
104. Professional strike
9 H; u1 {' }+ t# V# S- b' H& n- E
Ordinary Industrial Strikes/ l# M+ o* [ \, D5 Y) a
105. Establishment strike
% d& @! o3 v$ {3 u 106. Industry strike8 Q: O# X% K! D, U) d
107. Sympathetic strike7 j2 z8 ?+ r9 c% B
" w: v W$ |& X
Restricted Strikes
) H1 f8 U5 E( } Q1 C+ ? 108. Detailed strike
( q. C* p; |% Y5 n 109. Bumper strike0 v& H J. m" X0 J; n
110. Slowdown strike5 |3 {- D5 K5 C6 I) }9 N
111. Working-to-rule strike9 }7 U( j1 V& H3 @% A6 d
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ \$ v9 A! S) Q0 B' `5 z' M) y' X# Y
113. Strike by resignation" y: {: {* r* R
114. Limited strike
, w8 {/ }1 k+ }' A3 g8 @/ o" ^ 115. Selective strike4 _% ]. ^; ~1 i2 G0 O! ~. D
5 r# c9 h+ A, A' w R2 [' r
Multi-Industry Strikes
8 l6 p$ s8 x; I" r& }& w' f9 Y5 W/ {* B' X! A6 \) Z; d' Z
116. Generalized strike
; U0 [+ a; p& o+ G, G0 R: t& B$ t' \" t' p9 D
117. General strike
0 {8 F5 Q2 m% f8 I" s' p9 ]) x0 r+ k8 s; m1 s: O; o" ^: S
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 z" E& Y/ s, x0 s; l+ w$ I2 `
8 k1 S1 r) q) z( W
118. Hartal
( K0 R* n- u, t
8 c* J+ r+ c/ ]4 }% y; T 119. Economic shutdown: e4 \2 r3 T& o* b0 `& k' z
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 L# F- |3 Y+ |! q3 K* S7 m G
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Rejection of Authority
; W' p1 C) o) p+ V 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- _+ F% M6 Y) y- Q3 A+ E; Y
121. Refusal of public support& v3 Y& I7 |' [2 A
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( }) G6 Y! S; ]/ F4 j- P1 p! I) d! C% y$ Y# C
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ V; G- w f% v/ b6 M G
123. Boycott of legislative bodies* }; E9 y; {; W% U @1 X9 r* R
124. Boycott of elections
! x; I6 x+ Y& X% K4 u 125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 B( x, ?" ?6 H2 X# O1 s
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 `. f7 u' \ T) W' t1 o 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions# s4 ]/ w t, g% M6 \2 ?; J q
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
3 g: w+ Z# w, I' s! g& B 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
) a# [6 R: `2 t8 ]: N/ _ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
5 Z# J: B3 v9 ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
2 \; L9 d4 B9 [7 V, V! O2 y. i+ X5 i 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 }' y, Y3 k4 O( W
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
) l- p2 N+ S6 c" u- n. k& V1 ]0 I 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ }% h' y$ P b8 T: P
135. Popular nonobedience
; f! r/ |% W0 y" G, @ 136. Disguised disobedience
) R7 X' [/ u' c6 y' l1 e- j q 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse& P) H6 ]& [$ t7 W! F9 `6 S
138. Sitdown
% @- l. l' J8 h1 r 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 Y+ [1 M3 N1 { 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 c S- T3 n" S: Z( t 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' W0 l( U& a$ Q5 b, x4 H
; q1 P* A+ _' Q3 P$ m
Action by Government Personnel
Y/ P! m3 \( {/ t2 k" g; V# u o 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 P$ ]+ e; C8 n# i! { 143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 j9 X; @ G2 B% [/ r+ M8 ?3 D
144. Stalling and obstruction
+ g1 B0 }0 P9 a2 }. w 145. General administrative noncooperation8 U/ Y9 y) l0 H8 L7 |
1 ` Y$ @* `3 j- f5 s9 G7 i2 l
146. Judicial noncooperation- }% {7 {! L4 u6 _
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents9 W2 z' b: K# V6 T
148. Mutiny
& n- d+ i- J1 P4 m9 Y+ X" g9 @) pDomestic Governmental Action
h6 M( E: I+ j6 z5 I 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: n5 T( u- K/ Y, c+ V% \1 k0 x/ O 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! s0 {+ \1 B/ `
7 i" f1 b' }+ D( V9 ]. B. _6 I) r
International Governmental Action
% c D1 R' w: R- x+ V* c 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* G0 C8 ?/ T! p/ H3 Y; u 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 W+ c) e0 E. [, D( l' ~# u6 } 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 r& K. d9 X2 y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 n; P: G* R* z: n) o 155. Withdrawal from international organizations: U4 S, E5 ^# h7 {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* R/ ]7 D8 z2 U! c 157. Expulsion from international organizations7 j7 U g5 h8 x$ I; {7 F* v! K
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& {3 H) Y% y* x, |1 ~
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& P8 k; R7 U6 L& \4 YPsychological Intervention. @4 H) n% u6 g; D
158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 _7 M9 K. b5 X0 ? 159. The fast
& V: H, ]3 t% l" r" _/ }# Z0 z a) Fast of moral pressure7 s4 s/ S! m# t4 H# K4 @
b) Hunger strike
' O/ {# m1 V3 q+ g c) Satyagrahic fast' ]. R, L0 A( \ E: n# z
160. Reverse trial
) n! P% w; B+ E* s/ A9 [) m g 161. Nonviolent harassment8 g1 U i% U! ~; W" @
; x: d( h8 C1 M$ Q0 f4 v5 C
Physical Intervention
4 s3 z" X; o3 S2 M; I" Q 162. Sit-in
& G8 T$ A& `6 C 163. Stand-in
7 ]; B& ~3 }& ~& B# z 164. Ride-in
4 _2 e) O% A2 Q( i5 i; Y4 g 165. Wade-in( K6 C: H# K. r. Y
166. Mill-in' Z; M' q: C* Z0 }/ H$ z7 G
167. Pray-in! l) u8 ^+ J- M5 D8 }5 K4 p
168. Nonviolent raids
3 V$ `# f% v4 b; I( W2 L 169. Nonviolent air raids
3 d9 [/ \# t: G9 c 170. Nonviolent invasion
- y- c* E& G. J8 Y8 c' D, M 171. Nonviolent interjection9 D2 Q+ [+ p) l: A& k# A& W
172. Nonviolent obstruction X9 P) ~3 x& O
173. Nonviolent occupation
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+ [) z, A: h* k3 V& JSocial Intervention
4 j4 | T! U1 B$ o4 \' C 174. Establishing new social patterns
- o+ Y. s {1 \* y# t 175. Overloading of facilities; q8 Y! L0 w. }; q% H
176. Stall-in) @" R" r$ {/ F% I% W v, ?
177. Speak-in
1 ?+ \; O- [/ q 178. Guerrilla theater
6 |" k* k3 {7 W% { 179. Alternative social institutions p) Z2 h; r3 W6 x
180. Alternative communication system! E0 S% z0 Z. Q: h0 i7 j0 f9 A# }$ B
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Economic Intervention' d' H+ T/ ]! t" n) J
181. Reverse strike
( y/ U& M- ~# M( m7 C6 f3 L 182. Stay-in strike; _+ i' \/ _/ y3 H, h; X
183. Nonviolent land seizure
( |! Q s# Y% T 184. Defiance of blockades
1 x3 z) s3 L; y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" h, m7 J# ^" g9 d; _6 T 186. Preclusive purchasing3 l) j- g# W8 X; j4 S2 M
187. Seizure of assets
1 i( v4 o$ i1 r+ I2 @' s3 K8 K 188. Dumping
7 s9 H3 o. D* O3 ~; J9 \ 189. Selective patronage
0 I5 @* S& ?" d4 B, d( D( N 190. Alternative markets
0 ^5 P, g O0 d" F" \ 191. Alternative transportation systems
" ?4 {- b% d" B; N0 v* c7 P* z 192. Alternative economic institutions9 p# U1 `: H/ P
4 {# k. p( }. A2 B& w8 a
Political Intervention3 a8 W1 h) Z& r& R3 n' D
193. Overloading of administrative systems
# _9 l( Q. [% ~' f- b7 Q* P 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 v5 y! n9 J7 r- B* I 195. Seeking imprisonment: g7 K, z$ `6 O' o) ~5 Q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& |6 W8 S: ?( i4 g
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 V: X6 t4 M7 e& l \0 e4 L 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
