 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION4 I+ [2 A' S8 L1 {0 A( [
Formal Statements8 h: v# ~# x; W, f, i9 }& v( r! f
1. Public Speeches: M, |+ y, X( q/ r7 h+ N! `! |
2. Letters of opposition or support
) O+ y" e+ D4 h0 z! i. K: U" \ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# w. k% a- b) Q, i6 g
4. Signed public statements- S0 C/ J; o& T3 ~
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
. C9 o- Q1 a# i& d3 A 6. Group or mass petitions6 ?0 l( p% I# H; _# m: y
! V/ b7 c" U i. Q5 k+ B% o, x& E2 SCommunications with a Wider Audience
, _* z6 w7 o/ F 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ f+ `3 v5 n3 i) f: L4 x/ ^ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
8 k; R' ~& X) ~8 E0 H2 J2 c 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 G9 n1 H4 K6 y
10. Newspapers and journals
) V; N* p. C- B7 U. r 11. Records, radio, and television
! k1 z, ]* G( b0 I1 r; r1 y 12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 G) f! F( e7 U0 Y s
W/ g, q; _! F N, J- S
Group Representations% ?7 x/ p5 D, a2 B2 y: S1 X
13. Deputations, p8 [/ ?$ t2 T8 M9 I
14. Mock awards6 S4 e1 A7 B$ a& e* Y( E
15. Group lobbying
. Z, X$ c* K0 _1 E% k 16. Picketing
/ b5 i& ]1 ^2 e1 [2 g 17. Mock elections
# o8 H% X/ _8 h5 E$ h
( ^6 F5 K4 r, W$ V; O R! g) wSymbolic Public Acts6 w" I& q7 T/ i- W) |) Y, p6 B7 \
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
8 Z7 ]4 n' i/ N3 R1 G. g 19. Wearing of symbols. q2 @( ~" N* P9 K
20. Prayer and worship
# C4 Q% x0 v" y5 V3 C 21. Delivering symbolic objects
! N* B% M; z1 ]$ j% ^, Z' H 22. Protest disrobings
1 y: _0 r( b* P+ K7 S" a 23. Destruction of own property6 W8 @; C8 b- \
24. Symbolic lights
( ]* O6 D6 Z& d: _ 25. Displays of portraits) F* @' C7 p: E6 }- n6 m- @. g
26. Paint as protest
7 T/ C* U. P8 u' S, t* ] 27. New signs and names
* c; g8 W+ _! ]# S 28. Symbolic sounds ?' ?- {3 V* Q! O3 D/ b/ a; Q
29. Symbolic reclamations
7 D" v$ r8 d6 Z: N. s0 J) ? 30. Rude gestures7 ^3 w( j: \& h% u! H
$ P5 G, a/ N2 ~4 z' S) ~/ X s4 F
Pressures on Individuals
; k$ j7 E) w& I* V& v5 ~ 31. “Haunting” officials
: U! G9 Z j+ R# R% m" g 32. Taunting officials" x8 J5 h% k5 T: w
33. Fraternization
# I+ N! E; J: A8 Y0 G3 |9 J2 E 34. Vigils
& m. b# [0 ?0 e# u7 N6 ]/ u1 i; `
; @; e' L e% u% S6 @Drama and Music! k2 |% J: Z6 F, f
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ l$ a0 B8 g" @- z+ N
36. Performances of plays and music. \# m4 a& z# i* ]* n
37. Singing, d( R- \* X, h" }5 P2 I( l) e
0 a% K% l* a& `! u# @
Processions- [+ g" N7 @! z$ W0 F' Y
38. Marches
+ ?: D3 Y) s: N! W6 U- b 39. Parades
\; n3 b6 |1 f$ b! A" V4 ~ 40. Religious processions
' C$ J1 S& G6 y2 X! n* |) b 41. Pilgrimages( ^" h; G! r! M
42. Motorcades1 Q2 k8 {; @& U& |
# ~% E& j/ N* F! J* z/ D- LHonoring the Dead9 B& o5 ?4 w) w3 f# ` D5 q/ S% @
43. Political mourning9 W. A% v0 m5 ], R7 S
44. Mock funerals
& I; j9 l3 ~9 b! ^+ l1 w& m H$ q+ H 45. Demonstrative funerals7 s c: X0 ^1 H3 F$ J
46. Homage at burial places5 a7 J8 |3 C% Z) S4 }. ?
% ^8 L$ m$ C. K( L8 X
Public Assemblies- H8 q2 L, F2 N! H1 K8 @
47. Assemblies of protest or support9 ?3 q5 Y5 R" t
48. Protest meetings" Z0 k m& K. d( s3 u$ O! O
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 ^+ `1 ?6 K s; S8 L 50. Teach-ins N7 _* d# P! q3 j
/ r* H5 R" Z" O# f6 I+ q+ A+ @Withdrawal and Renunciation1 Q3 w0 c1 c x$ g( G9 ?0 w
51. Walk-outs
4 }& j' |, }) L5 K6 ` 52. Silence
2 h( E1 H7 e; z- t 53. Renouncing honors9 ?6 w7 y: W; g" P
54. Turning one’s back8 r4 w p/ A0 u1 ]; l
M" ^) P" U) _* Y2 {
8 J. B/ `5 ]. d, z) |* v4 k( _ ^) F+ _# r
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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. E4 ^% ^4 b; b1 v1 w
: P. c# Y' H* k
; ?! o4 \* Z7 l; G h7 `Ostracism of Persons
( u! d2 y( \$ `2 c 55. Social boycott' {5 n6 ?3 o \8 q ?2 U
56. Selective social boycott
7 s. J$ I6 ~: B& C$ ^# F. A, [ 57. Lysistratic nonaction6 H9 B4 t* \/ P9 Q" O6 N. M
58. Excommunication
9 _. E2 R; W# N8 O+ Z5 g) `, q 59. Interdict: S! U% k. I( z7 U/ A! V1 K6 f
; K6 C1 L! ]( l% W( o* p; s
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 w' {0 z+ c/ l) \$ o' x7 l c$ o; ]8 c! N
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( d- _4 w" C: B) _# w* D8 P. ? 61. Boycott of social affairs
: u0 M) @% d& u- ^ 62. Student strike% W4 f( y6 z+ m& S
63. Social disobedience7 L5 _6 y4 c, b3 U
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) L9 e3 J O+ Y$ G' R
& O+ h5 U7 L7 _; {Withdrawal from the Social System
# R6 R& Q. A2 r* D1 a* U0 @9 r 65. Stay-at-home+ h' Z! a7 f7 ], G3 d2 t! [
66. Total personal noncooperation7 X0 I0 \4 v8 h4 q
67. “Flight” of workers
" Y) `1 P# C* I, T 68. Sanctuary3 N* W, z9 W& `+ U1 x7 `
69. Collective disappearance
' q$ f' E7 }) I, a2 d" W9 ?0 v& u 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# } X4 C8 H1 \# f0 ?: v
' U: }1 S; Z' j# e5 `( d9 ~/ w2 j 4 ^5 T" v* T8 S7 n0 J$ w
' F9 Y* S; e m) Z1 A7 P
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
4 h- f: ^, }% Z2 K. n) m9 l& M; ^1 x5 b8 p* J8 j4 p
* e; D+ Z& t- AActions by Consumers
0 h7 Z$ o/ B4 `+ C0 {9 e' t3 v! y 71. Consumers’ boycott. C6 S8 n! n+ d/ R
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ B8 b0 Z1 c' z' W5 Q+ Z2 s6 ^* y 73. Policy of austerity
% D$ H! \: `; b* i. G 74. Rent withholding
" U$ q! s- E- h- c; d3 |3 ~5 f 75. Refusal to rent- y8 F& Z7 b# v; R/ u
76. National consumers’ boycott( X" Y" u1 r: }& G2 y
77. International consumers’ boycott
" {% b4 ]+ F& ?- u5 V: O; D, z
% M X4 G6 r$ m3 c: TAction by Workers and Producers+ h4 y3 K* d j/ e. [+ f
78. Workmen’s boycott
' e! H* V7 A- l9 [0 N 79. Producers’ boycott
0 l; Y/ a/ n9 C5 Z" P% |8 [+ K9 m
1 X/ u9 E! l4 f4 QAction by Middlemen" Z3 @5 M- v- o: S7 H
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ d: c# p$ z, X; z; Z4 \5 L" O
' R1 y; u* u: e. i4 X0 X4 ?* O
Action by Owners and Management6 ]( Z' Z7 Q! V. I5 m! h1 C8 g
81. Traders’ boycott# z6 S3 p4 ^* @1 Y& d
82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 q; ]3 F9 z; n9 ?% U& n 83. Lockout
. C8 Q# v1 ]& Y/ i" Q" Y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 i* q3 L; N4 N 85. Merchants’ “general strike” j9 D( T/ z3 V
7 O2 F3 d1 b# W: o
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
3 ^7 O5 f e. ?: P8 Q; o 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits, `' A: r! P7 ^6 o
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments8 p, I/ B9 L7 s8 C" g* D# c
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: F1 U. W( n& A. ~/ }3 r/ ]9 C6 H9 ^
89. Severance of funds and credit
# i b/ N! v/ Q8 O+ T$ m" a( I# E 90. Revenue refusal
, J! n4 i7 E7 ^; v* |+ _ 91. Refusal of a government’s money2 ~! Y4 _( q: m9 A
: s( x8 ?7 ]/ n4 V, K$ q# P3 u5 ?
Action by Governments( s% S5 M* H) I. S, n" Z
92. Domestic embargo
" a8 B) Y5 A" ~# }7 v: r7 [ 93. Blacklisting of traders
+ A ^9 N1 ]# E# y7 t" ~% ` 94. International sellers’ embargo
q* _+ L5 \) e# t2 R% x0 F. l l4 g 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 g, o7 Z6 `* P 96. International trade embargo
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! k. j5 B/ w6 Y / U6 w+ }. S+ C7 D
; v0 N: T, P4 I$ Z" H+ E4 o- q: s/ fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 E' g0 e L% A0 T/ V, C: G
# F9 I' r/ ?3 D
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Symbolic Strikes
% W9 n5 u# J, s) V/ Q% G 97. Protest strike6 R9 d$ ^7 ?. ~" _% g6 c; ?4 b) O
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
6 e% M3 Y6 V, q& M
7 I$ Y5 j4 H; I; Z3 J: JAgricultural Strikes0 V, A" ~1 Y" B/ @3 C. q9 k
99. Peasant strike
8 D, R$ Y% j7 C! | 100. Farm Workers’ strike4 p6 k; l1 `: _9 s8 o
! x7 a* V' |7 c
Strikes by Special Groups
4 N, Q5 B: t* \+ c 101. Refusal of impressed labor* ^+ S& d+ G. e- `
102. Prisoners’ strike
4 k, v/ R* Q. d- q" m( h 103. Craft strike4 x' |9 e4 t2 G) u
104. Professional strike2 j' L: H8 s/ h0 n. D
4 x7 S6 o( j8 mOrdinary Industrial Strikes
3 b, B( x4 L1 {; A, r" ^ 105. Establishment strike8 v; L5 J) i! `3 Z9 L, e) O
106. Industry strike* k9 C9 L2 f1 n$ N3 t
107. Sympathetic strike3 h" U, a! z8 ?, X/ Z( W& u2 D2 p% ^5 I
- I! J5 T4 t9 |( l: o$ d
Restricted Strikes
8 ]5 z3 J5 S' L6 K 108. Detailed strike6 e0 t# g, {$ \1 w6 M
109. Bumper strike
( L2 ^4 m, O2 z: V! _ 110. Slowdown strike
% U0 t! f; g& {7 T8 ` 111. Working-to-rule strike
0 Y+ D9 E/ d9 \7 V7 L" f8 v7 L( r 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 N7 H2 g6 e& b: I: `* Y$ h( @ 113. Strike by resignation7 l- I6 T8 c! K0 q o
114. Limited strike
6 @- V' x* G8 y4 x' O7 U2 v; f 115. Selective strike
% y, U" [. y- P) ^6 O3 D# e2 A J2 ?9 ]4 A- N! _
Multi-Industry Strikes# t( r9 O* F/ t# V" T$ Q
! v; D3 Z- G" z( ?& ? 116. Generalized strike
5 z1 G! G5 Y* v( f: X, q% K* s; P1 Q
' p" u" }* ~$ m( B) w 117. General strike
2 W; T7 S- n7 F! n7 Q0 h2 \, B
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ j! I1 v5 y' S% J
+ h3 x" S* r2 E- C3 i+ L) ^ 118. Hartal
! J2 o W$ f0 `# W1 v4 G; L. z- N( H1 w9 r" ?& R
119. Economic shutdown6 N* g+ i' D0 u' J0 T3 R: z( {3 U
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1 E- q i- S# `5 P7 c! c0 i
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; i: D! C6 x) g! e, q
' f- y! Z2 t) L0 F ) H6 E I9 Z; l8 p
Rejection of Authority
0 Q% u2 k, y9 }, n+ t) O2 _$ _3 z 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ U5 j2 h* o: k9 v4 Y5 O9 V
121. Refusal of public support
7 Y# Q% b3 C7 \" F! j- }8 W$ b+ _ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( H9 @& [, F5 m# J
2 j: l. Z2 l2 @Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 Y) G: ~- h0 l1 C3 f6 {, {
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
. }+ e& E; y! J' N& W+ j 124. Boycott of elections- i* \% T( x) v2 K5 Z8 I) F
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) w1 B1 T$ ]7 D2 O, U. k1 i/ M 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
2 j1 I7 d0 N5 u9 |% ]( |; O( R 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 c+ `8 v% v, `4 p8 G
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations2 W( i! B/ Q4 ]$ J. @; |7 Z1 o }
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents; n' {$ q$ ?/ `# I4 ?4 s( _8 H" H
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; v+ L' G V' [- d1 i' | 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 z! {' _, W9 h+ ]
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% d( p r4 f: J7 ], x
4 e+ x: D V' Q% a$ `( D. l
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 G' a6 {+ v! r3 A
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 D4 p) c' g- R. ?' P9 } 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( m9 q! @% @* w) f2 s8 [% R; ~* I
135. Popular nonobedience4 Z; f- k* j/ J) L' |
136. Disguised disobedience2 C1 B V! s8 j5 O& v [$ E
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
4 q7 i) ]9 B5 [& k 138. Sitdown8 F- l* k0 }1 r! t( F4 B
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 ]) v0 t% d# [+ i0 w" I1 z
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ `8 T5 Y& Z; K/ T 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws j4 E9 o$ g0 L" A; q& T
8 C3 H& L3 w, M+ v ^Action by Government Personnel
% A, a& }8 W4 E' `5 {3 l2 z' y% p9 I 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 B, b* W z' K
143. Blocking of lines of command and information# R7 [7 t3 X$ e( b {! N
144. Stalling and obstruction1 C% C. o3 p! A) f1 X( r) u
145. General administrative noncooperation: Z5 p6 B+ x/ M; R. v' ~* M
, | D2 G: w8 b" B# w 146. Judicial noncooperation
, a& g1 ?+ ?$ t( Y8 i: q4 O, e 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' Z- `% a! K) L0 O 148. Mutiny3 t% r4 P" i. u& d, M
Domestic Governmental Action
! Y) A. @# r4 K 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ B& R9 p4 u. s9 ]" M& B7 _% q( p
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# _9 _- G. }" c4 i6 u
' D, p! _) B; B) e d6 i1 FInternational Governmental Action
+ i% a' b, B" N 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 F5 i7 Q2 Z8 \% h8 X1 ` 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events$ n9 g; ~/ S2 r; u' g
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
% a5 n+ G+ t6 N# C" s1 } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* O) K, Z7 b. k 155. Withdrawal from international organizations' ?6 ~( n! i9 J% L
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 [4 c; m) u6 U6 h, c 157. Expulsion from international organizations; ~, L1 K. V7 r# W A) o6 ?" R
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$ Z: q9 y( F6 m: n1 ]2 `0 t- w, H( z. V7 C" F8 ~& m/ {! c# K
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
) x) R6 F6 J* O" b- m, I; J2 i& q6 u: X. E
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Psychological Intervention, }8 b7 c, u( ^. n0 K) C9 e- o$ q
158. Self-exposure to the elements7 j& Q2 S' j7 v& [9 a1 d9 V7 g
159. The fast
5 y/ D7 q9 D/ Y5 T5 b& D& C; R a) Fast of moral pressure' s O0 d6 c- Q- p
b) Hunger strike) }- N% x* O2 ^9 o$ b% X: O p
c) Satyagrahic fast
" [! Z5 _6 M8 r" v! h7 k$ j/ | 160. Reverse trial
& o7 [- L2 ]+ p$ `% m% p& q 161. Nonviolent harassment
* P, }" D( k. f: e2 H9 {; t" W2 m+ Y3 o, k$ Q% Y, H& d8 @! u
Physical Intervention& z$ S/ K! A8 T/ b) w
162. Sit-in# W$ K, W) {7 ~6 ^ J
163. Stand-in6 q: u1 r4 E! @/ v, Q, w+ Q
164. Ride-in
2 q" V$ G: f( T) T1 p 165. Wade-in$ W6 U8 z4 R! p
166. Mill-in
0 U! i8 B) z0 P9 N9 D- s: e' \7 A 167. Pray-in
# Z7 t+ d9 g4 U9 F 168. Nonviolent raids. {" Q! G* f( R# y
169. Nonviolent air raids9 C$ ^% y J( X* E" V
170. Nonviolent invasion. P3 ]6 N1 o _+ g- K# Y
171. Nonviolent interjection' j5 n; T$ G* t6 G
172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 L) L! `9 p4 M- H3 Z9 V( I! G" L 173. Nonviolent occupation
: B9 I3 D5 u) d* `- z: w- n* _
5 B9 J; s7 I2 \: Y9 y" K( v9 rSocial Intervention' D) t) }4 c9 p$ z0 g
174. Establishing new social patterns# c% E; q: C2 Z
175. Overloading of facilities
9 w3 }6 G& M; N# d/ { 176. Stall-in: m9 l, w. m* y8 p) i7 J
177. Speak-in
8 D; Y3 E- @0 Q4 Q7 y4 w0 j 178. Guerrilla theater
& D% E( v8 D1 {2 F; S$ R8 z 179. Alternative social institutions+ f8 o. u: v7 U
180. Alternative communication system
& b2 }; p1 }) W3 n
6 A: z' r& [9 f9 {! T5 EEconomic Intervention; m! Q0 T$ M% o8 h. g* D
181. Reverse strike0 Y! B$ v% f3 c h# w$ R% Q$ I) K
182. Stay-in strike
9 }( k. C: S. L0 ]0 N) V 183. Nonviolent land seizure
- D+ w3 ~# E4 p! x+ k. G3 Z" ` 184. Defiance of blockades# l) l) _1 U) D. z6 G* \; \" R
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: E2 N, W H' X! ~% O 186. Preclusive purchasing# ]( q$ X" x4 I* n) B% X' z
187. Seizure of assets$ a2 c$ j; R5 o( G' G3 K4 @
188. Dumping
! o8 h4 l: I4 `6 q) A7 y 189. Selective patronage
, }& x% z/ P% i% i: t: P 190. Alternative markets- i: A# W' E3 w2 t6 J8 s* o" E/ W
191. Alternative transportation systems
) o' ^% ^. d6 v2 ]- Z* A 192. Alternative economic institutions
& m0 k w: t) N! p* Y9 D. |5 f9 n1 }3 x5 ]2 M
Political Intervention
; ~3 [0 d- { ?3 c, u1 e" M 193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 l) c }3 H0 }& @' z b3 H2 ^% l 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ k5 a0 r4 Q* L; S5 c
195. Seeking imprisonment
5 ?- A/ _: i& [; q* P: a) o 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 ^; J& a9 l) N/ s5 N# K# x9 d
197. Work-on without collaboration8 Z* \+ Y: X0 X+ V5 J' C
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
