 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 I- i; W* K! a* t
Formal Statements- `3 q1 L1 F! i8 A8 |3 ^
1. Public Speeches; f) R8 q7 F+ z" e8 Y
2. Letters of opposition or support
1 W1 `/ U/ e' n6 z. m# l- W 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 Y' h4 S5 K! c, f8 i4 I! r, N0 I
4. Signed public statements
$ { t/ B- ]# Q4 I |0 v# c! W 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 w( n1 p0 }' `* H7 Z3 T 6. Group or mass petitions
9 n$ Y4 k, ~ n; n- J" K W a& V: P3 k
Communications with a Wider Audience# q0 U* a$ A5 Z* l+ |* G* m* l6 D
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# K9 H; u2 m, ~. \& \: k+ [
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' `# `1 l5 U* n; p
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" z# ]# C9 W9 ^' A 10. Newspapers and journals, n: b% u- S. O" r9 X# [1 Y) f& e
11. Records, radio, and television" \& Y! }# ~& f; J: h1 v: g
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( {3 S$ z( e1 G+ b0 ~% ^/ w& D
: `" v. s1 j' XGroup Representations0 i) b6 K7 ?8 [: o
13. Deputations
/ B# N G* e- b. ^5 r! G 14. Mock awards
- W8 {: |; w8 ]# `: D3 c9 _. C" x 15. Group lobbying
( w( g) u& [9 a# k- X8 j2 X 16. Picketing1 s0 b! u- {8 c2 [* W3 s9 F6 u. v
17. Mock elections
. q7 n. n5 p" w; V) z2 X5 c7 J1 ?
% S8 a5 c) Y# qSymbolic Public Acts6 D1 \0 o( N5 f; Z" H/ u: j
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, C5 q8 c) D! J8 d& I% X7 B5 r 19. Wearing of symbols5 {$ ]; R6 V- H- p$ O! w d
20. Prayer and worship8 {1 C( e- F) H! X" X, t+ `* e
21. Delivering symbolic objects. H! |' R6 Z, X% r. w
22. Protest disrobings
7 V8 P) k2 E& S+ f& x( b) e 23. Destruction of own property
/ h- Z, K, i6 h$ P5 i. ~( z 24. Symbolic lights9 h5 O# a f% i' h* {
25. Displays of portraits0 N$ K" T# ~, R. j
26. Paint as protest
& P) m# U9 I, t7 c, S3 r" y 27. New signs and names5 s: y& ^9 w( A9 n& G
28. Symbolic sounds) @. j! `# N, s5 \, ]
29. Symbolic reclamations
4 B# m5 @2 ?+ Y* F- A 30. Rude gestures
' b5 t5 _2 K, a: H. W( [& T# o* r# l/ ?+ a+ v3 w3 P
Pressures on Individuals" {6 v {, Y C) S4 z
31. “Haunting” officials
; H) w0 w/ w" K$ J3 g8 `, |0 j 32. Taunting officials5 c9 _8 l9 D: Y8 E! }
33. Fraternization' w+ W& _+ d& g0 M; O8 H
34. Vigils
( v6 z& ~* C" w5 U' c p& s' z, G0 h
Drama and Music$ s' \, ~( U0 r; o6 _* v
35. Humorous skits and pranks
( _7 C# F1 u4 c5 R1 B4 i 36. Performances of plays and music
4 O: Z6 `9 a" O1 q4 L( K* } 37. Singing
. Y* o$ r- o+ P$ l0 a, a- b% j% t6 c. a- Q1 ]1 w1 `6 f
Processions
& \1 c# W# e5 b6 U+ d4 ^' E5 ]4 ]- ^4 A 38. Marches @% ?! m* D, l6 i( e8 ?: P4 v0 Y
39. Parades0 a* y# G. G9 u3 K7 i* g4 g
40. Religious processions6 r, c6 @/ b5 ^7 h9 }% R8 _
41. Pilgrimages
- Y. G: W0 f: {: ] 42. Motorcades
E+ U) G) I7 ~5 P ], I( _1 z- Q3 w' Q- J' B. T# N, U+ N% Z+ B
Honoring the Dead
$ p& I$ I! R' j: w6 x* W 43. Political mourning
$ E) M4 u+ b, n2 F: Y; D 44. Mock funerals
" O: }! u5 x8 N$ H8 a4 r 45. Demonstrative funerals+ a/ d8 q! y1 }
46. Homage at burial places
: }6 Q+ ~$ E4 d3 o0 M
- j- D) o, B$ T" [' JPublic Assemblies+ y6 ~' ^0 C3 R; j
47. Assemblies of protest or support
$ F" O# s! Y9 g. B: O 48. Protest meetings
2 H* b! W# C' ^; p5 [ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( t1 e2 s; H* W1 D% q; \" F5 P& ?" ^ 50. Teach-ins
5 }) m! a/ r$ B' D; Y s' ]+ b+ B) o: G3 V& w7 H6 s0 u/ r
Withdrawal and Renunciation
5 h5 S% g) c r: p8 z 51. Walk-outs
& r. Q+ t# }& ^3 f) x 52. Silence( {( {: I1 k; Z5 t6 i* Q, N
53. Renouncing honors
! c( I% m4 T+ O9 u6 P 54. Turning one’s back
$ G- v4 [) F% g* }, C, E" [3 E5 u4 |. k! G+ g
; { p4 O; ^& y" m
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION2 s, D+ V2 Z+ t# O
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& d! F3 `* x" Y }5 h7 k
1 s: d1 l& f/ t- p& oOstracism of Persons5 D' ? z3 Q. u k, `6 ?
55. Social boycott0 S) w9 s7 P" V# n* x- y
56. Selective social boycott# r/ C# L( Y! V4 y& ?0 t7 P$ N
57. Lysistratic nonaction
( I4 o9 O5 c" a6 W6 N 58. Excommunication& }' S) u6 ^ h& {$ d
59. Interdict: `6 O* S' L2 I8 c% e. l
: `* B A2 ]- e# [6 RNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# B' C/ H! t- Y% i# h8 u% c! g! N9 ?
60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 K3 f/ ?! ~5 n9 H# L" X9 H. T2 k
61. Boycott of social affairs
. u$ F! F' S' C# ~1 e( @ 62. Student strike/ w/ s0 }9 e1 }8 Q# S% j7 P
63. Social disobedience% Y' J/ U3 x( I1 J
64. Withdrawal from social institutions- u. ?# x' |; z. U* {
4 m' k* d+ L% p- m# L- c& G
Withdrawal from the Social System. O4 o8 n4 L0 H# H9 F
65. Stay-at-home/ L- c+ e( }' ^8 a( }) t0 p
66. Total personal noncooperation
2 C# A0 b( _$ X' Z6 N& v 67. “Flight” of workers
' |- w& P( ^6 j( ` u6 R6 x4 b0 B 68. Sanctuary
$ K" f; l3 u" j1 @% W* E 69. Collective disappearance
* c' e: L$ ^0 N2 u) c- _6 \0 L 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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6 ?, ~) ^ S# D8 D; L: K 1 a7 z% h7 W7 t6 Y' l; R% s
1 g! l4 K- C2 u3 [( U& M6 U) u! ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" A3 k8 ?5 F2 Y$ q" R* A w$ w
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Actions by Consumers% r k2 n8 p8 G* ?
71. Consumers’ boycott; R8 n; G) { ]2 B5 K' ^% o: w
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
. Q; ]5 a! [9 n6 h2 w. v- p 73. Policy of austerity
( G b6 Y. t0 S* H& [: ]. T 74. Rent withholding+ q+ |& y! n) m/ W& c' n1 t3 [
75. Refusal to rent! H& \$ H. |, i( _8 W ?& O" z
76. National consumers’ boycott( ~& \1 }- L. g7 |9 x# N; m6 t
77. International consumers’ boycott
- ]9 W" q6 L) E- d% a' {9 [" k+ b
Action by Workers and Producers
" U5 A H; h0 u/ U: E. H 78. Workmen’s boycott
8 d1 @9 T! o5 k" F3 p" |4 X: Y% f/ p- E 79. Producers’ boycott
; X0 E/ \% F& `% w+ q- r' X9 ^! L' ]8 J4 W: e! G
Action by Middlemen. ]/ B6 e! C6 }' G
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& Y: P, r; _9 N
, m t$ w$ g$ E. lAction by Owners and Management
; N: H0 x5 O2 }! x& t5 y 81. Traders’ boycott
* {+ Z7 Q5 m- T) c: c1 H 82. Refusal to let or sell property2 B& x. Y" _: H& v
83. Lockout- I+ X) c2 _" J4 ~/ I, m* d7 Q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
% q/ B; m2 Z! N# Y7 t1 K( \ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
3 a+ [9 y$ H& ?
R7 l1 s3 A+ w- k* zAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! b9 s4 s G0 I% |, q" L6 A5 d 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: P. M# z4 |$ B" W+ j, Z& l
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% V' s0 y% J1 v+ y1 s# L8 C 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest a$ [0 ^; y! d" o; G$ Y% A2 F
89. Severance of funds and credit
`' f7 _( J# x6 C' x3 J- { 90. Revenue refusal
; _3 ` {5 K, [ 91. Refusal of a government’s money# e% S) d( `6 K7 [2 d. g& ^/ ?
7 _9 K7 @. j5 S$ M& `( SAction by Governments
9 d, }: ]5 Y( b 92. Domestic embargo1 N4 t7 n) Y6 k: [
93. Blacklisting of traders- h# i7 s: _, s6 Q# ?
94. International sellers’ embargo0 q& T# x! p* n: d/ c% S
95. International buyers’ embargo
T5 ?* \+ V5 `. M& }# y 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& e8 x+ ~6 s ^, x
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+ ]% o" X5 K$ r& Y4 t4 _5 C0 ], B: W
Symbolic Strikes
) W, g) _2 c4 R# @) q5 A. z/ Z9 a 97. Protest strike: r' v+ `) B$ Y# U0 u; f9 j
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) |. P3 V% w2 C7 T0 `
' J0 P5 j. A9 V8 uAgricultural Strikes
Q0 F: p0 O8 x5 _! S# z 99. Peasant strike& r5 w g) X/ D& n' x6 w
100. Farm Workers’ strike
& R+ ^, v0 W$ c% s2 z1 z% d( P0 u' g# e$ T* J' Q9 a- J
Strikes by Special Groups
7 E' F: L8 b2 u8 m4 k" p- v 101. Refusal of impressed labor: q( \! F" E1 v5 M+ j( s
102. Prisoners’ strike
; R! U5 y% _5 i* N' y) M 103. Craft strike7 f; U8 Z# ^4 d2 `7 ], u
104. Professional strike) F8 B d7 |$ p' n- S) e; @
% N; ?+ t6 j6 c' a7 r oOrdinary Industrial Strikes* z( Q; U0 p5 A
105. Establishment strike
# d5 K% P' D" A2 e 106. Industry strike; r# g/ O% G' g
107. Sympathetic strike( {. j5 M' v8 }4 B3 p8 W
$ j3 {3 u/ y* D# k6 l4 n/ oRestricted Strikes3 B! g% p: ]8 M" O l; }) E/ {
108. Detailed strike
4 Q+ |/ Q/ ~2 ^5 I# l4 `! ~ 109. Bumper strike
, [8 a6 ^0 d1 y, I* k# y" ` 110. Slowdown strike3 I, j8 D9 a" ^$ o) R) C
111. Working-to-rule strike6 N# y ]: s0 x! c: ]/ N8 i! u
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& z- s: a$ B" C4 W0 o1 p4 T
113. Strike by resignation* ^! G4 J) Q0 c1 X/ N7 ^5 S
114. Limited strike
7 J, J" A H3 Q' Q) L 115. Selective strike9 C4 G" l. a" Y
1 L- C. X8 J- D( ^
Multi-Industry Strikes; l9 P; E. d1 I1 F* [# F& L; G8 D
, o) I, k H$ f4 V b/ O2 O
116. Generalized strike
/ w/ L$ s+ h3 L' ~$ g& B
! |% `! z; x9 e 117. General strike2 y2 E' _# z% p4 [; i$ `! h
- T/ o9 v/ u" ?/ _4 m7 y( ECombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 `& G/ M Y" `/ a, [/ {, x- g6 T! u! ~) z# V, c
118. Hartal
9 i7 M3 K9 p7 f1 V) h ~
/ g' k, n' x$ n+ n4 A+ H 119. Economic shutdown% W4 _- Q9 ^8 i7 f5 _
# Q! W( U5 b5 _! Z/ R: S " L: ?1 w) e: v3 S( o
: O Z i2 a O3 Z9 ~0 `THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' M" h- R# e+ A9 F
5 V8 v7 p2 c2 V% I( F: B0 n& R6 x2 R4 C
* W* X9 z; i. x* a% oRejection of Authority4 \ C# |0 Q4 L3 i* o4 d& e a
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; Z; Y' v$ z# d 121. Refusal of public support% E/ c5 U$ d8 j( K0 W6 q: v4 r
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 |# ]- n$ b4 z
6 J1 ]1 T1 [' M, J5 Y3 \9 DCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
( K. @: q- M- z- Z+ P; l5 Y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 Q1 x( F' i5 A/ U2 w
124. Boycott of elections, W! h/ J7 M7 p3 T
125. Boycott of government employment and positions, i/ U2 M l3 G* j
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! \& _1 h- z; m# ~5 Z$ M5 E- O, ?
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions1 ~3 p y3 x9 B: c) H7 ?
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
~) o* t2 U' o9 ?+ g+ g) T) z4 X 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 i- s! Z" X, e 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks E. Q8 L& ~8 ^9 v" L" x6 K- i) N
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 j0 N- k- ~" c2 E" e$ p
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; {7 }+ H M( Y' n6 R: n0 C" i
/ {7 ~" X4 j4 e/ D: e2 E
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
) q+ T$ H7 D# y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
% Z- f: K$ m& G) w6 I7 C 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) l) R/ h* W$ B2 `1 }9 L' { 135. Popular nonobedience* R7 N$ i' w1 b1 p" s- R7 @5 K
136. Disguised disobedience/ n) z! F; _& C
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse% b2 ]7 a8 V9 x! i, M1 o& ]9 R
138. Sitdown
' ~: U( v6 A& S7 S 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 E/ K" z2 ~) @- v/ ~" H, N 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities1 p* Z' O* I" @! f' n# S; |
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
* h2 V5 h2 N7 N* Z# d4 ^3 S
( o7 N7 ?/ u6 Y9 ], N$ o% I! S2 X* DAction by Government Personnel0 T' A3 H- W1 V, l( M/ z+ N8 Y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ ]. ~& n* _0 D 143. Blocking of lines of command and information: |- H; G' Z) ?" D6 U% t
144. Stalling and obstruction. `( } C5 v3 N0 \+ w: B; Q
145. General administrative noncooperation
& M5 K9 | O9 S- u4 D. `
; S/ U/ r- G- Q' F; O& z, Z; X 146. Judicial noncooperation
7 C+ R: m4 |& x6 y 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents% x1 m6 z3 u, x3 y5 V" l0 t2 Q
148. Mutiny
- a6 }# O7 i- x+ IDomestic Governmental Action
: J1 y4 n) B, t 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; j# z5 ~8 v! v
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 l" h+ d2 C( J$ |1 L# A H) U. t
p1 R5 N% D }+ r) l+ NInternational Governmental Action
8 V! G4 P7 C0 s6 }" ]7 A: t 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ a0 m- K" o: [$ I0 y9 P# ] 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events6 n* l* i8 ~, d4 |
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 k/ D2 \! G/ b/ `- H/ c, i. { 154. Severance of diplomatic relations! G5 G g. R/ Q# X( Z8 j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ y6 n9 M' a1 s# Y+ m0 A( w 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
7 G% }5 T" q" B 157. Expulsion from international organizations
/ K# n. L7 `; f9 Y7 d& q
- ? V" {4 S; J- E8 ]0 w ! c8 G/ N9 b/ Y% q3 y3 X- ]
2 o& J3 w- t) r) s: `: t+ `THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 n" W" v3 X! ?* D/ Y
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Psychological Intervention
6 e: k1 `7 y% |% z2 F3 J1 u 158. Self-exposure to the elements% B/ P* y; x& S& |4 l: v
159. The fast% |) Q& m0 Q# y+ e% @: L, I& r3 c
a) Fast of moral pressure
4 [( p, @2 L0 P" S* d# Y# P b) Hunger strike9 @" Z% Q7 F3 U$ d0 a
c) Satyagrahic fast' V. b5 T( ]$ n
160. Reverse trial
7 y8 T- i8 ?3 P, A 161. Nonviolent harassment1 D' s- `0 I, x; O" m
9 [% _: l, i5 |/ j/ t
Physical Intervention! Z! U9 F2 w1 y6 D
162. Sit-in @. x( a: w0 b3 v0 t
163. Stand-in# Z) {* N7 b. H' T4 j
164. Ride-in
- E n& Z1 Q% G 165. Wade-in
9 E/ C3 ?( `9 k1 y9 K/ w( r 166. Mill-in$ c( t3 ]$ }, x7 {! C5 a
167. Pray-in! r( L9 \4 ~8 D3 x g
168. Nonviolent raids
% G( y6 ~$ j& ^" M" D f 169. Nonviolent air raids
$ V3 U% g p0 B* t 170. Nonviolent invasion+ ~6 `5 g+ X: B& E! |
171. Nonviolent interjection; ?& h& \4 Z6 `( K+ F8 `6 R0 F
172. Nonviolent obstruction# U- n2 c* P! \* n" M
173. Nonviolent occupation* n% X# t- G. x
0 u2 p0 A2 r' {% {, q$ TSocial Intervention3 h; f1 w* q' ]1 z7 o% }
174. Establishing new social patterns
: L! t6 l N. C0 @1 J 175. Overloading of facilities
2 t: b" o: j- [) x& [ 176. Stall-in* d! ?( M" E% t1 W6 P
177. Speak-in |& Y' e) H! H, A7 L/ n
178. Guerrilla theater6 L- \, A0 k& w8 ?% Q4 t" n( E1 Y
179. Alternative social institutions
( h" k: d6 D& u) l1 D 180. Alternative communication system9 r1 }" j, m$ f
; w0 Q7 P) g8 K( UEconomic Intervention
3 c5 y4 x( d7 o+ `9 U 181. Reverse strike( a+ a' d. W: G6 r
182. Stay-in strike7 T: r0 b [- B
183. Nonviolent land seizure* y \# w2 F6 t7 m: f
184. Defiance of blockades
; l9 t% n1 B/ ?' }7 ~ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
) F2 N; a2 z9 ~) G7 t) C 186. Preclusive purchasing8 m$ t& [$ \; y* i/ j; U
187. Seizure of assets
! Y. z8 r/ [7 z4 j 188. Dumping
" T7 y y% V( { 189. Selective patronage0 Y3 i( s& p4 G! E; v2 w! [
190. Alternative markets
, S& N1 Q4 t9 B4 {" v 191. Alternative transportation systems
0 Q9 o5 i1 `* p, @+ b' U 192. Alternative economic institutions/ Q; |( M# g% ?; Z" Q0 B' F. C
" q) z- j+ A- J' [6 E" _9 u7 a3 qPolitical Intervention, ?% O- Z8 g; |. n+ H6 h5 T
193. Overloading of administrative systems
& y- d; B5 y0 f" [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents s7 R8 W6 f2 @0 D! A5 u0 q
195. Seeking imprisonment* v! P m4 F! H5 r/ {
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
' k# n6 ^# }1 N M4 ~. z 197. Work-on without collaboration# t% c( M7 H* `# X" q* P9 Z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; u6 Z' i! q/ E8 Q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
