 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 `" E& n! I0 X
Formal Statements
1 M: {) e7 m/ a t- M* Z6 H 1. Public Speeches2 e8 A( i$ _5 {4 { ]/ F
2. Letters of opposition or support7 v8 k/ }2 d. ` ]% t2 l
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, H0 N. i5 q2 p( ~& h$ H8 R
4. Signed public statements9 ~. h: ~* S3 w* Z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
Y5 z, O( w. K1 H5 m 6. Group or mass petitions
: H- `7 q+ z4 E4 R- _" d6 X1 ~4 E) e8 t+ e
Communications with a Wider Audience
8 J( s9 `2 U6 {* E9 H" B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols) R! I6 F* u+ y Z8 [$ `) Q2 g
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- k5 Z- T& p6 Z. W4 |
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ i+ T! |4 I3 ]' M+ A8 z M/ A" [
10. Newspapers and journals3 i, u7 M. o2 S, i. ^
11. Records, radio, and television
' t: }* J1 G- _7 {, C0 s: | 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
. T0 L3 N% r8 t1 f5 x* j. u) v/ `' ?; w7 I4 K6 M: h/ F! A) a! B
Group Representations
# S# A/ Q! n6 v# Q- M 13. Deputations
/ q2 ]$ S! i! e8 O 14. Mock awards
u9 W; g, W8 l! x# w6 B0 r' _ 15. Group lobbying
2 m2 J0 E0 e9 a( N; W 16. Picketing
: u% T% S7 }; q2 Z 17. Mock elections) }- h8 h% j6 i. O9 M9 @" E
) U6 [* B' A7 p3 h* GSymbolic Public Acts
2 f" r. A4 u7 N1 A 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 z9 h# C0 H8 Q 19. Wearing of symbols
/ a9 \. V; U3 t: T; W( @ 20. Prayer and worship& ?' z, _# w& K! X
21. Delivering symbolic objects3 Y% Z, |4 z4 f8 x3 b1 q
22. Protest disrobings% l% ?- R- r, Y! g0 i+ X
23. Destruction of own property
! B, a) [1 f" I: T 24. Symbolic lights5 U- b5 o0 E# y8 @% C/ R6 J) G
25. Displays of portraits
& }4 a" Z* E [9 k: H- W; I6 Q 26. Paint as protest
d9 I; q) B" X- [# X+ \6 e | 27. New signs and names2 ^* S: ~# `* _/ H4 a: O: z
28. Symbolic sounds6 C/ n: K7 s" }; t# o; b
29. Symbolic reclamations
/ U/ X" ~7 p$ O, b 30. Rude gestures
1 j. l7 w9 D. a7 ?9 B' W# c) ^4 _& o, k2 L0 R
Pressures on Individuals& f9 e$ p: N1 e' G5 ^- l
31. “Haunting” officials
5 L4 Q9 l; }$ }! M$ [$ w) s 32. Taunting officials
$ }3 W: b/ f7 G" j 33. Fraternization# n. y$ X5 E+ f
34. Vigils/ ^; R" [( a1 R' v2 A9 i
3 q/ k& |2 F4 f$ W! ], xDrama and Music
# C% Y4 X! V4 f: a2 s) s) c% r( i 35. Humorous skits and pranks
; b4 R X7 q+ H 36. Performances of plays and music( }& {" \3 T |9 p, c
37. Singing; j+ h1 z; ~; \& o$ h( {/ p" Y
' b4 |) C( ]7 O5 e2 A; m3 tProcessions
# b' h! |5 L C 38. Marches
% L* b$ \! a# I7 a8 Y 39. Parades
s5 D4 P& E1 t' ~, c; ~* q 40. Religious processions# s. n4 h* n S. y* `; q
41. Pilgrimages
" E. ]3 @4 F5 c d6 D+ |- Z 42. Motorcades
5 c; J* e% B( {3 G7 [3 q. Q2 V: f4 V0 z* X/ f- k$ F
Honoring the Dead( Z# z. _- j4 O$ {9 [9 {( G
43. Political mourning8 K" {+ V; B6 Q+ v$ p. d, Z
44. Mock funerals
' F+ P# j+ c2 m 45. Demonstrative funerals
' Q) _2 l. Q1 ^. x 46. Homage at burial places
! O$ W$ n7 \7 H2 n2 N5 H# u
# U, Y+ A& Q. y- p1 X5 pPublic Assemblies$ ~+ \! f% p6 W, r r6 Q6 P
47. Assemblies of protest or support
* a1 g" e$ j7 n! q( V 48. Protest meetings( l7 _* C. b9 e7 T$ ^$ ^: `
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- l$ i7 ^/ u5 ^( A4 H 50. Teach-ins
# @3 y+ g; I' L+ O9 G, y; R" t8 U8 |3 x# u7 M
Withdrawal and Renunciation3 v C# x% @3 V; H4 s" l
51. Walk-outs" ?/ {1 w- E& U: z Z
52. Silence
/ {4 i) M8 Z T/ u% L Q 53. Renouncing honors
' v1 h6 R, c8 H1 M+ p 54. Turning one’s back- q5 ~% l; _3 A I* n7 W% I
, I' ?) p# t7 a" V t
4 ~( s+ ^, m7 c# L' ` l: n6 _
7 i8 W; O$ J2 WTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 @: ~8 I! j3 l/ f( K! a" X
- {. q& \1 i0 p Q+ e2 _8 M4 a 0 u+ m; L* u# V7 L- S* {$ y
# i/ g( K. C2 b4 `/ L0 v" K+ }Ostracism of Persons
' x* D6 K& O+ l. I5 }% k1 c 55. Social boycott! q, s/ K5 {5 j. d
56. Selective social boycott
: C! A; c; N3 d, O$ _ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
' r h8 P( m+ B 58. Excommunication
5 `: E# P2 ]0 ~2 f0 c3 _- w 59. Interdict
+ i6 k6 G* Y# _1 H# w5 q/ G, V; {
- X1 P$ U# [6 N" E5 Z3 ?9 @Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) a! f) `1 D( A! p+ | C 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ b- b4 \: r3 b. x 61. Boycott of social affairs
# R% b$ F) W1 F$ Z 62. Student strike- j; r6 S7 K- j
63. Social disobedience
8 k+ C- f$ J' J1 ~; [9 s w5 } 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
6 l, R5 f- i% A# o( n5 t6 {& J6 O5 V( p" x9 i
Withdrawal from the Social System H5 y, \& @) X( a
65. Stay-at-home
8 Z( l. g5 G1 M' l6 w; t; r 66. Total personal noncooperation7 f: i( c; R9 K Z0 l0 R
67. “Flight” of workers
& M# p* J2 Z5 L. z+ I* c, E2 ^ 68. Sanctuary
- U, k% R! N- e+ }* r 69. Collective disappearance
" n# L5 X% s& P/ P- J1 M 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 s5 e8 f' N% J0 G
4 u# i( ?# _, U9 b; c& W 8 {# e& p: Q$ D) ]- X
* o2 S8 ^' I$ r; o) k
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 G; ?- K3 {4 X* H K8 J M
% l# `6 j9 M: b% E$ g7 d! v
- [9 f) G% R6 ZActions by Consumers9 n& o2 x5 k# T0 R' G
71. Consumers’ boycott& K4 `* T& Y k2 K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 U# N# x7 A& e. ^
73. Policy of austerity
\8 Q* P7 ]9 F! Z 74. Rent withholding
. w7 B8 ?, e! ]7 ~7 F+ n5 p 75. Refusal to rent- o* g( v1 p! a% [) ^$ A1 P
76. National consumers’ boycott3 H1 O4 x$ x0 G2 H1 F
77. International consumers’ boycott
y$ [ r8 L" }8 Q
# p& \! @: ]6 ^7 i! ]% Q0 e l$ O( n# K0 qAction by Workers and Producers- n! ^8 j! y) x8 G
78. Workmen’s boycott3 j) _: R% M2 F" u8 R
79. Producers’ boycott
- M3 J# W9 H7 W8 v! @' K0 O4 ~" X- ~6 Y' f( B
Action by Middlemen
& n {) m: g- y0 O 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ Q. D& J* H) S
0 D2 j% u6 r6 |4 e6 J; }
Action by Owners and Management. V" U/ A6 Z( Z6 l* S% ]! ?
81. Traders’ boycott$ }9 O) A/ f( ]. X( ] _
82. Refusal to let or sell property* Z, Q: d. d B, b) t: l- x' J* `: B
83. Lockout
7 x# [6 o4 C+ [# J 84. Refusal of industrial assistance Y% @0 U8 J( b; I
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 I, `- ` u# ~2 W8 }3 ]
! ~6 q @( @" {: _& |Action by Holders of Financial Resources" o. U2 f' ~# ~9 r
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits: [" v& H6 q. A+ R) O2 }, c
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
5 I6 e# f7 I' ^( D8 ^% r 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest0 P$ {% Q$ i. f$ o. l& d
89. Severance of funds and credit
/ x2 R' A! g- [# j( D 90. Revenue refusal2 I; |; [- O8 o' q
91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 D0 K7 y+ M0 a
. h; y' y8 X8 n( T1 U! v1 iAction by Governments
5 E6 ~4 t6 p* }' [. G; z 92. Domestic embargo5 v ^; k+ s* J. p, O& r
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 P5 o* ]) a# o0 S( V 94. International sellers’ embargo
5 P9 W0 o& z8 ^1 O 95. International buyers’ embargo
1 A+ l$ Y3 \( u7 \- f 96. International trade embargo
) V+ U5 s: W/ J7 I% D: ^
% h5 X, [3 A6 M1 O 5 u! J) i: C- u. K5 o! q- R. w' ^" T
. P3 o; J q6 b' `: ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
! R1 t* j, C% k% F/ k( D2 U* D# W& u7 \! d- P5 p7 p
+ k. |4 `0 R9 x! q- k* D7 d
Symbolic Strikes
1 N3 U) Y& F, H! E 97. Protest strike8 j( X1 R+ n+ ?3 {, ^# d
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! H* u- ], G% \" W
7 ]8 W& M# b$ [Agricultural Strikes) v5 t* r! h( B4 Q' p
99. Peasant strike2 m& V# Y& T! l5 R+ G
100. Farm Workers’ strike
' j/ b8 i) k) K- L2 q7 v) k
6 A" K5 M3 A1 m( m) F8 ^7 [# ^Strikes by Special Groups* W: ]1 V" H k% h. x# ^
101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 B7 ^/ H$ d! ^' i& X1 u8 x! F 102. Prisoners’ strike
3 N* ~* s! B( [. B" y9 e' r* s 103. Craft strike
, ]; C1 P, \$ { 104. Professional strike
1 b7 U# P# d$ @
/ q8 w3 L' j/ \6 D6 L( UOrdinary Industrial Strikes
# f* p" }- a" ]9 _+ y3 F B/ X& \% F 105. Establishment strike e( d- U' h8 P7 O4 H! ?
106. Industry strike+ @" L: I- j, R$ x
107. Sympathetic strike
# X9 ^- s4 U+ F, Z" x1 j& \: s) M! q1 @( k3 t
Restricted Strikes
+ [* q( p/ n$ G/ a2 U 108. Detailed strike& ~+ B) U8 Z( U8 c- E3 j" N
109. Bumper strike2 G* P( }% C9 h1 Q5 h2 K. k
110. Slowdown strike
4 P8 @" C$ ]. H1 {$ t. E* i 111. Working-to-rule strike; I) f9 Q2 u( R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* i# o) V0 i0 k 113. Strike by resignation. Q0 W! Q: O2 V, l
114. Limited strike+ z3 r- @' Y! \8 @
115. Selective strike/ N7 p2 f% q0 m
; g" |6 Z0 G6 ?/ t5 {
Multi-Industry Strikes* r/ o/ Y! X. J
# B5 c3 T, o$ l- i9 L0 }
116. Generalized strike' D7 k" b) B# i" f+ T# q3 j$ k
1 y9 Z1 t' [3 g' f& M# g 117. General strike: ]2 D- v( g. z* {: U1 S2 O
0 v$ o1 |" s5 o' h i; C: BCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 c' P Q+ R. [$ |/ j2 [& @0 v; O
# X; }% A# p/ ] x: s* T 118. Hartal8 v2 K7 f0 j# j' v
, d, A6 e9 m6 ?8 x4 J: Q 119. Economic shutdown
% I1 g9 o5 n: x' r2 _/ |& P: a! L9 @
0 f% |' G) P( M6 b* {$ c 8 M' M: [; F; Z
( t. Y% g) Z1 h$ C! b
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
+ D0 C L% {/ y4 [( f- Q- W. z( c) Y
% {' V% t8 ^4 g, ~$ n
' q6 Y* {; C9 f! MRejection of Authority
! X! v p0 d }. V! i 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 Y; s9 x+ ^% U) ~/ q9 K# n# U 121. Refusal of public support
" f& x6 i3 M' U1 V) l5 o 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
# Z: z$ n | I
$ D0 Z S# w) F' O1 p! t0 P5 k& ECitizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 f% b$ ?+ B4 N/ \" r: U6 J
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
) L! D$ p/ m" p6 n1 f6 u6 z 124. Boycott of elections0 D: Y3 i- e7 q9 H; f& n6 P
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
7 T* m y; V, Q; M; A. m" S" ~* e 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
C5 V7 G7 C& O& i3 F 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& D& d3 p& j$ [0 e0 ?, W; K 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 C. ~( ^/ n( z' r" l; ?
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 M$ b$ S7 m5 u1 A 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks2 w2 G2 N+ {; p0 ^$ Q* y1 t9 Q
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 n3 w2 }6 B# I. o6 ]
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! H) G$ x3 s" D1 H; s0 f% @3 B1 q- G- m* d) ^* b
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 o& Q b. T( ?
133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 o, J7 i' s* ~$ z! z1 ]
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) ~- h4 i" o- u3 ]0 c
135. Popular nonobedience; V. u- v8 d. @
136. Disguised disobedience
5 Y* B' Y/ H% D5 v- p$ ~1 y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse L: l2 v# D2 a% N$ L
138. Sitdown% M \* M! s" n) w: i# O% h
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 z. Y9 z7 y0 P4 W; j
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
. K/ g* b& |7 c& x% P6 ~% C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. B7 v1 }1 G# V. e6 a1 Y+ H( ]% f- X
Action by Government Personnel
$ C6 v0 Y2 `" o+ G; x- @- U 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 l! o0 b7 f, v, k3 C
143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 `/ R, j5 K0 b# M7 t" }; V* F
144. Stalling and obstruction
* f8 Q( X' ` {. U0 _4 R 145. General administrative noncooperation8 e9 n7 K, S8 f" p
# c+ O) o7 n8 E9 A# n 146. Judicial noncooperation2 R0 N5 u, `) Q+ \0 m2 ~ V
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) m6 G: A( O1 s6 |2 K+ T$ v 148. Mutiny
: k5 ]5 g# z" k ]0 ~; `Domestic Governmental Action
( n: C, ?1 \2 h) M 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; k! y, w& w, w4 y8 N
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# }0 }' f* _: `% B/ w1 n; e* E8 ~( u9 X
International Governmental Action
6 V* g/ f; y, D; c: \8 X 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! n) h0 f, l& `; d& ]. L
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ c& V! m+ z% ^
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 v4 ?' W& u& `. h 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
( h7 [: ?" X( j$ x$ c 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ K \! t% Z7 f5 \* S: T$ q0 Z; j 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies( T2 t( ^/ j) W& h
157. Expulsion from international organizations! x% c. h% q4 C/ E/ B0 H7 }/ s
5 i+ r, B0 g, ]; s- J( `; V 2 F$ v. u! U# g4 E
- D) s# H. P4 \5 I9 g; v5 W
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& }6 B$ T, B2 x+ D. P2 P9 W
% ?6 u; {& ~, T' L; |+ U
1 \7 [' j3 j) B. IPsychological Intervention% V, Z; k1 W5 e) i" \* N
158. Self-exposure to the elements& T# k/ j; G* I- N
159. The fast
4 t" }0 ]2 A2 m, v4 s( l5 M a) Fast of moral pressure4 G \. f q- p* R: ?2 a' a# e
b) Hunger strike* z, i7 Z. d) d. @% C# C
c) Satyagrahic fast7 `+ ]! s& ?3 @
160. Reverse trial
) P w, G% g6 q. f* K- i: r 161. Nonviolent harassment
% | n. i* x) R) K; m1 U, {1 K& v4 J
Physical Intervention. z) X0 `+ j: A
162. Sit-in. M4 y& h$ f7 ^) M( A6 i) H2 f9 k
163. Stand-in$ {9 g) {+ S; \* H9 o8 X" D
164. Ride-in3 @8 [ C# ^7 h( a
165. Wade-in
1 \, o& `8 C) h$ s9 e 166. Mill-in
% t2 E, C/ R, p1 ~# I! q4 T$ l 167. Pray-in
2 O: l( a1 B+ q* i1 @9 R 168. Nonviolent raids( t& I3 W, B8 j7 A" u
169. Nonviolent air raids
) L4 y W7 A( E, ?' a 170. Nonviolent invasion+ u% Y2 I4 Q1 s9 f
171. Nonviolent interjection$ ~5 p( k r5 w( ?3 i% S9 t
172. Nonviolent obstruction
! m# ?/ ?" [' y8 D 173. Nonviolent occupation: i: {0 \" y* M& r `
. @' I C/ b% c8 G$ V; O! B lSocial Intervention
; R/ {& [+ h$ [ {* C3 Y 174. Establishing new social patterns
, ]2 I3 k- }1 }5 d: T+ p. ~+ } 175. Overloading of facilities, U6 g5 E2 s2 B, z I. V- Z7 i$ A" ?
176. Stall-in- [2 ], ~1 h5 B
177. Speak-in
% o& [0 s, _+ Z+ S* b+ Z+ L+ a 178. Guerrilla theater9 r: j& i+ d1 W, e* ~
179. Alternative social institutions
! ?( m1 ?3 R8 P0 W9 z" v2 o" O 180. Alternative communication system
# a. U) X/ u0 l5 J2 |: p2 U) I$ p' Z+ ?; S+ S, A' l
Economic Intervention4 ^/ i; V9 z4 |4 q
181. Reverse strike
/ @0 y$ l5 h8 w7 Q3 w7 D 182. Stay-in strike/ P3 q4 N; q6 G& D+ k0 q' X; ~
183. Nonviolent land seizure9 h& m! ?' Y y7 V" S
184. Defiance of blockades' A- m8 r( d3 e/ ^) {( b# J
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 l% A8 I# q3 d: @; m N' F
186. Preclusive purchasing
6 e8 U: K/ K( z6 z3 n1 q 187. Seizure of assets: k+ b* G+ _1 W5 f
188. Dumping9 \( Z9 C; a% x9 I! R( Z3 n
189. Selective patronage3 y" r, L$ i7 w* \1 |' Y9 W7 \
190. Alternative markets9 G' d% X% ~/ c- L4 l
191. Alternative transportation systems6 s" w' L' h: g
192. Alternative economic institutions
* @) X" L/ h y5 g
; H& I2 v0 T* VPolitical Intervention6 T8 q' N+ ^, f* z" E6 F% a0 |' n
193. Overloading of administrative systems! v) E5 n% l$ v: i/ k; z
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 b5 e, F4 ~* U" s4 \% `
195. Seeking imprisonment
/ L9 q, _9 ^$ I* V, u5 R8 N, ] 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, w4 }1 v6 H! U 197. Work-on without collaboration
( U1 |) @" R7 I. U 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( x- K K" M: w0 x, X: D
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
