 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- ~8 C6 B# \; F: W& A' t4 T% @Formal Statements
: W W! @, [& O* N0 S8 [- m 1. Public Speeches
; M* r9 Q6 o- G 2. Letters of opposition or support
# `2 ^! h3 B9 K$ l" u 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 S& J+ k8 q/ D1 L/ }
4. Signed public statements
/ p j$ }8 T; D6 t4 ~ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 j# F1 e r/ k) [% P 6. Group or mass petitions2 v" B: w# I/ a
1 b$ V9 v( o; q# `# X& z% gCommunications with a Wider Audience
5 { [+ t9 L& g. T: K* ^ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' V. ~1 d" {4 I! j$ ]8 b4 U: B 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
! ^9 v. {" Q9 Q- [1 C2 U2 |8 G1 W 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
1 V: b5 A* V$ T1 @; Q 10. Newspapers and journals
% _- T. q/ s* i& e 11. Records, radio, and television
3 g: O8 z+ U. p: ]; z% k 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 \/ |9 b6 P: f2 s" f- K- Y; g6 I7 o6 p8 F! a% u9 A
Group Representations! m8 G2 I; c, q& J$ [% j6 P; A5 i
13. Deputations
8 Q" G+ Z' Z7 {* X4 o2 R. C) i% H0 f& G 14. Mock awards
7 F: w6 X2 s2 s( t 15. Group lobbying$ ?$ M6 d; h3 K' N I, x
16. Picketing
: j8 g7 ~1 L9 Q- L+ h# U 17. Mock elections
7 j: Z4 m" H* o. a5 W6 C
! o. Y: o5 T# h1 B, rSymbolic Public Acts2 }5 {9 W& T3 G
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
; b7 F6 f0 {8 C 19. Wearing of symbols
0 v3 X' m. q; p- j$ v7 m ~ 20. Prayer and worship; ]% T& A! ]9 ]0 G- r
21. Delivering symbolic objects6 I; e) c% j' ~4 ?
22. Protest disrobings0 g2 c+ [# j7 L% ~5 ?
23. Destruction of own property/ N& ~; c' v) X8 M7 p# v' L; i
24. Symbolic lights- N" l5 `/ g! ]# C @9 D
25. Displays of portraits
1 g( j w. T6 v- W) v 26. Paint as protest
: g1 s' D$ H$ `+ w) P 27. New signs and names! x/ a0 k' ~# Y
28. Symbolic sounds( q- l# `+ F% ?) I' O
29. Symbolic reclamations% V) O' N9 p: d9 a
30. Rude gestures/ Z+ o3 H& E/ j( ] J
) O- b! T' P, k, u- @+ ^Pressures on Individuals+ Q1 y+ i v. E+ K) |0 i' h
31. “Haunting” officials: L, W Y! K8 N, {& m
32. Taunting officials
) I; |4 Y( t+ J: u7 ^- e: S: T! J 33. Fraternization
0 K8 D5 n% ~. w7 T$ k/ } 34. Vigils
) {$ C8 F$ |6 v* k# s3 A8 B( B" T
, t2 v( {% ?+ [ jDrama and Music
! f3 R4 d ?3 v3 R2 C+ @9 Z3 H$ e 35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 u$ m( ~& ^. T* Z) [ j 36. Performances of plays and music- u2 _- r( I% c. i+ n6 }, k1 ]
37. Singing" b' b& `2 F& o, f9 ?4 M( p0 D
$ Z& l1 `2 ~2 O; H2 ?" V |
Processions
, B" W7 L D' M0 @3 r4 m 38. Marches
- X3 d f; V7 J, d* ^8 K 39. Parades9 x& I9 m- |$ P* ]
40. Religious processions
* K4 Y* O `, M" c 41. Pilgrimages4 v/ N3 {3 d& c. a4 v
42. Motorcades7 D% A' o' y0 O9 J0 B5 e
, D* M3 }6 t7 h2 G0 c) x3 u! @2 YHonoring the Dead f {# N$ D- E4 H
43. Political mourning
! P0 l* j7 F7 G: ~5 c 44. Mock funerals
6 V9 k$ u% ~0 x/ C& G9 e2 Q 45. Demonstrative funerals
9 A- F" n. D& d% E' s1 m, U 46. Homage at burial places8 }) d1 g1 t' t$ W1 d# L% S
6 e6 T8 ?* j9 ^0 B( P1 X# U
Public Assemblies. F. B6 o G, f! a* t! A" C3 f
47. Assemblies of protest or support
) Q9 O" \8 P/ v- o 48. Protest meetings
" Z$ `. ?: w$ G& e" u, X% | 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 L' d! C* z, r7 t8 O 50. Teach-ins2 x ] X' k+ m9 a
- h3 p9 j& v$ `- p4 g- ~; {
Withdrawal and Renunciation6 c5 f& Q4 L) \- Y, K( e7 o0 C
51. Walk-outs
3 t: u, [& x& {# f# J9 t1 b! K 52. Silence3 J; ?5 v0 V+ h2 m6 W! |* a
53. Renouncing honors8 f( l6 r) t/ A6 P- ]
54. Turning one’s back8 m. W" p$ W: {, I) u7 O
5 F0 m! Q& f1 Y ; D* @# |: ]0 n/ w8 g, e
3 C9 q; O5 G3 }/ P/ s1 gTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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! i5 C! L+ S0 U0 i% s j
1 u- X5 I7 X4 I2 G" P3 U) \$ [
Ostracism of Persons
; _9 G# f& i" M+ H1 P 55. Social boycott
+ K! @! Z: {! s 56. Selective social boycott
& x3 p7 u/ G' K1 G0 m 57. Lysistratic nonaction
2 z7 k( m N. h" y, I( X 58. Excommunication! G6 m0 O3 P: ~5 w" c- ]
59. Interdict
7 E' u: ]6 r6 Z3 f4 }0 J- B9 \& x5 A3 d( ]' Q+ E
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) e- |$ ?" \5 o, W+ e& S 60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 ^' D9 d: P2 S, Y
61. Boycott of social affairs
7 H9 ?2 P( j6 W2 L0 f 62. Student strike
( c, ^% s' F) I8 I: L: g8 {2 L 63. Social disobedience
" ~8 c5 h* J# ?# j 64. Withdrawal from social institutions) J/ ~9 d; z* s/ p% f% {
8 M$ x/ c# m+ {4 x
Withdrawal from the Social System2 E- W G; B, s# M' i! R
65. Stay-at-home) Q! j# L x. l
66. Total personal noncooperation8 H& K+ R% }2 A( Q6 O& F1 @
67. “Flight” of workers4 T* @" Y* |$ @3 ?3 ]5 l. m) T
68. Sanctuary
) _% W4 T/ D( N( l 69. Collective disappearance
! U; z* a& n; `1 f& a8 \3 [( P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 q8 {+ @ c( L- q8 }! _2 E8 s7 M6 q% j9 c
5 [9 r7 X8 j( W% z9 z4 C4 W& X
8 D5 P5 {/ g- V) F# t7 ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 J, o: J$ o9 j* L$ s9 m) ]
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Actions by Consumers- s; z. O' {& W! ?4 Z* W8 F, V
71. Consumers’ boycott
3 K# n4 ^+ [6 ] 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ h: M* _. @$ [
73. Policy of austerity! J, o, r. E' U7 N2 O
74. Rent withholding
0 A. C! U% U/ ^: H% @ 75. Refusal to rent
& s: @- _. h$ v B% u) o) S$ Y 76. National consumers’ boycott
5 }) ^- p, B5 I6 I6 f 77. International consumers’ boycott/ s" M; F6 o" G' f, A/ f B! e
' V+ I+ W" \* N: e G u% R0 w/ SAction by Workers and Producers
5 J" D* [6 b4 ]: A2 p3 j3 X 78. Workmen’s boycott" H4 r! S1 I, q3 ]' }! h; J/ l; A9 s+ Z
79. Producers’ boycott/ p8 d9 c' q2 Q/ Z5 k5 E
4 N# ?# X) g# a! g5 _Action by Middlemen% I! e! y5 m2 P- }
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ H8 K. k) h4 Q4 r4 `
9 y* B" J8 L8 Z0 U% o6 CAction by Owners and Management
1 b( J7 Q! D0 M& o: z- _ 81. Traders’ boycott' f. i+ K3 Z8 Q% y$ n* ]3 }
82. Refusal to let or sell property
: R# H4 f) c! V) v 83. Lockout
8 ]- o/ {/ m" F5 U; v 84. Refusal of industrial assistance( K9 r% q; k* ` W X
85. Merchants’ “general strike”: [& I. T" s3 }8 p9 [* i
8 O4 y0 W- \% d1 x/ S& |; X
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
2 @9 k, v9 l% Z) Y# U) v 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! f3 S) e$ I. S6 j
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 h$ ~$ p4 z& h; V! m! D9 L
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ C; J$ F+ {% k$ L1 H: Q 89. Severance of funds and credit
, ?8 H; E6 N* U 90. Revenue refusal
9 q3 K, K% x3 b: k# R) U 91. Refusal of a government’s money
. ^- K! U, W) f' M( x5 i; L
- [* @: Z7 p: r* O& wAction by Governments2 X$ A- R6 T. {1 q
92. Domestic embargo
6 f# L5 X4 U/ F 93. Blacklisting of traders
* J. W* ]7 i3 i) k9 R/ V 94. International sellers’ embargo
6 m6 B! A, Z7 S D! Z2 x 95. International buyers’ embargo
- W- B- v9 M4 ` 96. International trade embargo
4 X2 E' i% _, w" u8 B9 E! h* e# b; _7 ]% a, |, c
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8 ~9 R0 F' N8 l4 s* JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
$ D- o( j0 j+ L% A" W3 @& S* _, ]2 ~" b; e. `8 n" E) @4 k
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Symbolic Strikes" }( T( U1 N2 }* E
97. Protest strike
+ M0 h# ^! O, ~ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
6 v. i0 \/ A* h& i' M1 ~' I- q6 W1 O
Agricultural Strikes
8 }1 ?# M' @; K; T5 x% b9 T: l 99. Peasant strike
- t; W. w- ~( P Q$ a 100. Farm Workers’ strike9 c1 D p" b% U5 Y; g4 `
/ i+ d0 D, s# t* ]. I8 |6 v+ z: ?' C" T. p' h
Strikes by Special Groups
2 J3 {& G4 q% O( a0 y' R 101. Refusal of impressed labor" t# |7 G1 d1 h8 e2 M
102. Prisoners’ strike+ c2 _( f) \2 p6 A$ R5 n. u
103. Craft strike3 @* z5 J, A' A V. Y
104. Professional strike
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9 }& m! _$ K8 h% o( |Ordinary Industrial Strikes- {# d6 Z; J. d, W3 x; x6 f' c/ d, W
105. Establishment strike
/ h. e) K0 ~$ O! k6 P! n 106. Industry strike
) e6 s& X9 D% _ 107. Sympathetic strike. f: L/ ?$ |/ a2 Y/ o, I
* H; i$ R5 E5 t. rRestricted Strikes
+ O5 k7 Q0 \% ^8 L) o 108. Detailed strike
, g8 h' t V) P& R; h7 J& l 109. Bumper strike' ~, K/ c' o( I6 B
110. Slowdown strike7 i, Y5 y- x# V
111. Working-to-rule strike e7 S" ]. ?: C' A
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% Y. [+ g! F: E% u. C" a6 v ^
113. Strike by resignation# o, \, v# P7 F2 E5 h3 \2 `# R/ _
114. Limited strike _' o1 @* ?3 D9 B7 s5 F2 @
115. Selective strike
1 n3 I6 {, m. v% Q
6 b) R2 N/ \. m5 QMulti-Industry Strikes
& R" w: M' `1 L; B
$ T6 ~; b u! P0 N 116. Generalized strike1 q! z, t$ l7 s# T/ a2 r; ]
, e( Q; x/ D$ K: V) h/ G9 ~+ v
117. General strike
; L* g( g. H! Q# C( B* w4 m4 `: g7 X% a" N0 J
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures) v* U5 P; N% V2 ~
& f7 H4 K' t; E7 E; W# F" r. m 118. Hartal/ X1 d4 s6 n& R q) |2 f Q3 f$ D
5 t( S( t2 {$ O6 f 119. Economic shutdown
$ j p* w* {) t% r7 j) ]- }
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- G: M, c+ | Q y$ P7 KTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
: x5 u- k* [& V' A: V 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
l- v- g, q) h3 C5 X9 X: F 121. Refusal of public support
! D4 j7 j) G. m 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" ^8 t5 F# H2 V9 M4 k- ^
6 z# |. B) i5 M3 _% r5 `Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 O1 T: l* N4 o" j5 F5 W" [, E6 `+ I" M 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& L5 c, M* Y: h- X" O3 c3 V5 R 124. Boycott of elections
" N' R$ Y8 i3 P0 ?# \$ a/ x 125. Boycott of government employment and positions7 t S) c. @' T4 E3 W
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies3 Y* U( H- W4 P3 m# T* L1 A6 m
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ r1 L$ ~' \, v [: Q# d: |5 O8 @+ E 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
/ c9 E: B" e- F& [: j7 s3 u 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( W0 ?8 c8 _8 j k& N 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
* z9 l* R; j- [ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 ]% t; Z, X: y* \2 k) }) t 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 y5 w/ [+ V1 D: X& K* d+ Z, u! ~# d/ n+ U6 O' d4 `: n2 H; _) Y
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 z7 @/ V1 J9 X. l/ y( Q F/ |+ @ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 _* ~, ? Y: `4 ? 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision# N9 m' m" d4 I2 G6 q) l" V
135. Popular nonobedience
- ^1 n$ V$ E9 z9 e7 D5 G m 136. Disguised disobedience
9 `: v( O r. B* d: W3 V 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse5 U! { [ {* W( K
138. Sitdown* L& S: O- n) K" k5 e5 b
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' Q' B/ F% H" b. w$ L
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities( u5 o# x. W6 |" d8 s- ]
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws% B; E% d6 E5 ^8 E7 S
( s# y7 k0 X8 l k" }Action by Government Personnel
5 y0 V: P5 ` w3 `+ G 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 _3 Z. M2 b S; Q1 Q. V& S 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' U1 H0 b% l& P$ [; i" R# U! ] 144. Stalling and obstruction0 U' V# I( r( }1 L, C' J
145. General administrative noncooperation* l3 U- H( m, X; y, L# v
7 s7 T& w+ v& z 146. Judicial noncooperation
3 q# z2 P B/ R+ J8 v+ V) o+ j. g 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 y. _- [# Y" F4 x 148. Mutiny/ \% Y5 k% A3 K' q
Domestic Governmental Action, ]8 R5 m. B# B& V/ }+ A6 [
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
/ w* Y0 A" I1 O+ j! A 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ S( b; e* J+ N+ _% l d9 a6 j% ?+ d5 n" g) P, V
International Governmental Action
n# V5 h! h9 Z `9 Q9 h 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ `# V3 A( g( W$ p8 E7 E3 m Q' ? 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 ]3 R0 o! g$ t4 v; `# C6 X
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 ~, g0 M9 p R% w* D! T9 g) ` 154. Severance of diplomatic relations& C: T1 F4 _6 V( m
155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 {# L$ ^2 p& y) C- p% N1 l5 ^
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies1 r( B: q+ z U
157. Expulsion from international organizations+ I: A4 g" Z) y% ^3 P' ?! N
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M4 o6 W+ V# K$ e; i5 mTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 v" _" a% P: x, M6 m3 a1 b
, H4 @1 j! l* B& \6 U* C& v3 w# X 1 o$ p* I, d% s# q' m) O
Psychological Intervention @0 x3 r. t% R$ q6 U. ~. }# s
158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 F) _+ P! I; r9 H+ \7 s% l( [& b 159. The fast
$ ~. q6 D+ H, j a) Fast of moral pressure
& _- c1 s3 a7 V) w( }% c# j b) Hunger strike
/ v: o+ f5 V# w; {% M0 ]: A7 k c) Satyagrahic fast
+ y1 R8 k* w3 ~& c$ k 160. Reverse trial9 c1 z7 ~6 G! t* H
161. Nonviolent harassment
% u; C+ g2 d/ ]9 L N
2 L4 o8 e: }* m/ rPhysical Intervention5 {; f! n5 X+ O! ]: Y( s* W
162. Sit-in
. P4 R8 j/ u3 [0 }. u6 i 163. Stand-in
7 ~/ b8 x; h- u( i) n2 \ 164. Ride-in& E; Y/ D% @6 R0 }! E1 ~: {
165. Wade-in/ a4 |1 w3 }7 z, O0 I
166. Mill-in* p- j2 F4 H o' I8 C( I" R3 ~* a
167. Pray-in
- {: C' f6 |9 r `) C 168. Nonviolent raids( Q3 \2 R0 P7 t( U% }: ?& T- ]/ x& ]
169. Nonviolent air raids4 c, ^7 \* `5 C7 g
170. Nonviolent invasion
5 W5 x# F X3 ~: n 171. Nonviolent interjection
) V# r; r: `( }- K" g4 K ^: \0 [ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
C! e8 X( U g6 B( C 173. Nonviolent occupation
7 n. [1 C v6 [5 E2 p
. T6 F1 j$ K1 Z2 ~+ q1 X" b! CSocial Intervention0 z) P* w3 q0 K6 `# v
174. Establishing new social patterns! ]9 S5 C( v/ y4 B9 \
175. Overloading of facilities
0 K" D7 {8 j0 c! l6 w( P 176. Stall-in
* ~; ?9 K6 M- ?) ]6 J. u, F 177. Speak-in
& \) Z# L3 o7 X+ R7 E, `' S 178. Guerrilla theater
$ C7 u8 E4 {& u: O7 J, l8 S5 ` 179. Alternative social institutions% n2 r4 E8 q1 t N( c2 z6 ~2 f
180. Alternative communication system
$ f& t9 S: T3 Q' o
1 b) v# n- Y) V2 I0 T; m! }! pEconomic Intervention1 @0 O4 R8 l5 W6 a
181. Reverse strike
* s {, K) Y/ H 182. Stay-in strike
/ h# X& O, t) w, q, y 183. Nonviolent land seizure8 l1 M+ P0 k* Y: q: T; j$ N
184. Defiance of blockades+ R9 [4 M/ i/ Z `, }# ^
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. @- G n4 E X/ X7 h* P+ @
186. Preclusive purchasing
4 Q5 N; P* S- K8 } p3 b 187. Seizure of assets
9 V0 l' @ B Z" e; O' v 188. Dumping
' t! j' u2 X! E* _! `. t 189. Selective patronage) V; X) ^$ M% [' U1 B# J
190. Alternative markets$ M: z, A0 v2 S$ w. m! R' r2 r/ Z5 a
191. Alternative transportation systems; z6 q4 R9 f" Y* p
192. Alternative economic institutions! h" K& s+ n' [# _. a
% k: }' d* S# e% j4 k' z& JPolitical Intervention7 L, S# R/ l @/ f, z$ X' {! c
193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 Y* `0 \. z( e& I9 |! O0 f+ ?3 A 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; T C3 q2 R1 U6 @1 H" ^5 L$ ?
195. Seeking imprisonment+ R, C8 c* p" L+ y6 q3 p. x
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws2 W/ r- \' A5 H9 S) R6 Z. H
197. Work-on without collaboration
! {4 h! b5 t, ?+ r4 \ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
