 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( X; n( _3 @3 P0 e; N' B" tFormal Statements
. C/ X8 g, l+ N/ k/ m 1. Public Speeches/ o2 C; Y9 Z O# T7 u/ a
2. Letters of opposition or support/ G) _" O$ J5 j& }" {& N
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: M* e9 ^0 P- m7 v, R# [, J, {1 y% F1 H: ]
4. Signed public statements
0 R) L7 M, C r4 U) D" X 5. Declarations of indictment and intention4 e1 O3 V8 g; S0 c, f/ h
6. Group or mass petitions
7 i; b& l0 J: C
8 ?0 h! n9 d0 B9 v8 _, j, ^4 bCommunications with a Wider Audience
9 B' H( [3 l6 S$ [3 o/ o 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 U8 w+ q( i3 G Y* R 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
- l; a5 D4 U) X" f# |; o" f5 [ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
+ C) E$ K2 ?+ B$ I 10. Newspapers and journals
: w& ?5 b, P7 r1 Z 11. Records, radio, and television! H8 M8 A/ e9 j2 i8 N: @
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% `& G/ |; H9 F# J# X0 H2 _! T& s. }6 P5 [1 p, _* S) O
Group Representations! j1 z, I. H y; m& N% }6 Q0 b
13. Deputations2 R; K6 I& { ^
14. Mock awards
; z2 e* h7 v, a3 p5 r 15. Group lobbying
5 e& k: ]4 p K6 A 16. Picketing
$ Z1 T b+ J) K$ U* H' m 17. Mock elections+ Y K: p3 J1 |) v* F4 z( G
( q {9 N; ?. ~/ i# ?# M3 F
Symbolic Public Acts
+ t5 M, z1 h- q) H# K) b 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% w6 J4 X; c7 _5 A! s- p. \ 19. Wearing of symbols/ s! W1 W- C% c3 @. L+ R" j
20. Prayer and worship% q# N. ^' a0 l: g: y+ g
21. Delivering symbolic objects. Q M w- D; G, X
22. Protest disrobings
7 \$ ~5 e% T7 b2 N+ Z* V 23. Destruction of own property6 A8 t# y' z; W2 c
24. Symbolic lights! S. x A. B. u. [& b9 ^
25. Displays of portraits3 d E6 h/ Q' X6 V9 s3 D" U& I
26. Paint as protest
: _ O6 c3 a8 `: u, V9 B 27. New signs and names$ C* X% V+ }- I( P; S- x7 ]
28. Symbolic sounds
; W6 _. J- U* J2 ~ 29. Symbolic reclamations
7 A( v8 f4 i2 S! r( R2 b! o 30. Rude gestures& Y1 A0 V) e; p, n$ s5 l+ j
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Pressures on Individuals. d' K; {, s9 ^
31. “Haunting” officials
* ?5 D# b& n+ h5 j6 I 32. Taunting officials
, I$ c2 `5 E0 ] 33. Fraternization
4 @: M; R H$ H 34. Vigils
$ x5 ~; x* c7 J) m: s$ x7 P7 K% t* g' m6 i
Drama and Music
( N- ^" R6 r" O$ h% X 35. Humorous skits and pranks
. [" o1 `3 e. b5 \% d9 ]- M 36. Performances of plays and music# d+ Q" `- R& ]1 m- @, k& m
37. Singing. {/ S4 J l$ u7 j' {6 N' C9 p
6 s7 a% s, D6 D8 q- e3 X
Processions) u: L3 _" b0 }
38. Marches
* g% T: z$ y5 C! K2 G1 k7 l# r 39. Parades) ^+ C2 _4 e. T
40. Religious processions& ^0 r* |9 u& }! o+ V% j3 V
41. Pilgrimages( [) L! V& h; V* z
42. Motorcades
3 M- z$ ^, b9 z% v
; g- o& `( {) p) B; `9 kHonoring the Dead8 Z# x" E, K# N3 |
43. Political mourning
* ?* U, J2 x5 x+ h2 j 44. Mock funerals- g n" f) b7 c6 E% `
45. Demonstrative funerals! S9 i& M2 t' O; p
46. Homage at burial places
4 k" O3 q( C* F( ]
& h. y ] c% w8 B" GPublic Assemblies
$ v( A5 W$ a0 b& U 47. Assemblies of protest or support
1 }/ E0 z5 d) {6 E: F/ x3 G. E. d 48. Protest meetings
' l0 Q' c- U2 X% A7 {! R 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# n/ i. B9 ]5 _8 Q" o
50. Teach-ins
6 M8 A+ V' q3 ^: L! v+ r; x% t; J$ S) B. I0 n; x
Withdrawal and Renunciation
/ c- J& v. L+ L9 f+ ~1 z* d 51. Walk-outs
1 S% _! G+ Q1 a) {$ z 52. Silence, C) A: O2 u# h! W1 y, F' F
53. Renouncing honors5 [5 t9 O8 q* B" t
54. Turning one’s back
( b$ j4 ^6 V2 B0 \# _
& x6 { o* ?; L: l 3 u* C( l9 Z; }% D6 v
/ J7 d `" o3 I% yTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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. }+ n; A d3 x7 ~
) s/ E3 j. x$ [/ Q; P0 W# aOstracism of Persons9 n7 F k1 Z: t* X I
55. Social boycott
9 m# L3 X2 @7 v a$ X 56. Selective social boycott% F! f" Q4 _# X: _8 L
57. Lysistratic nonaction$ M) c8 r5 { ?# m! \5 s6 r$ y
58. Excommunication
; ?8 V# B9 i* J) X9 Q# }% F 59. Interdict3 G% v5 K# j0 J$ g" r5 @
* q1 w( m% S: v* ]Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions* M- F9 C- G1 g0 N1 [
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
- g. f" T6 w4 O0 k 61. Boycott of social affairs/ Y6 c, @* ~; M
62. Student strike
$ T" F/ N' D* N6 B1 m6 N r5 Y: b 63. Social disobedience, {6 U# b1 b: V+ E* X- Y e
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! X, `1 g5 o0 Y1 z1 Z- b. Z$ _8 y+ [$ U% Y# A T G7 r! r
Withdrawal from the Social System7 {/ ?9 w7 d* s7 S0 t$ N4 B
65. Stay-at-home0 s$ d; t, y( V" c: H& g* p: z* m
66. Total personal noncooperation5 M, j3 y$ |# o1 J- r8 d1 _
67. “Flight” of workers
+ [, X4 j: a6 @7 B z8 D6 R 68. Sanctuary
d, r* _" d% f; \! ]4 p 69. Collective disappearance
N& V5 |4 c& ]: P 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* I! R' P* a8 |$ E' m9 r+ p8 \. y; C2 b& \, s T% F Q& x/ K
! f+ L* }) L/ J, e. Q
Actions by Consumers
9 L5 A- \" ~9 v8 ~0 ?9 w 71. Consumers’ boycott: I$ E7 @% h% E# l& H. X; ?
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
% f6 K: M% A& h! S4 v 73. Policy of austerity1 {$ c- A' S8 o* n$ A1 G+ `
74. Rent withholding
) e) r2 c; y$ h2 S 75. Refusal to rent- p1 V5 n( X3 C- B0 X! l. m
76. National consumers’ boycott
7 g" c1 X0 _9 J% T3 h6 k: B 77. International consumers’ boycott2 a$ {( O- Z- h% E! b; d- O. X" _
- u4 P+ t1 f8 c
Action by Workers and Producers5 h. f) }8 G# Q; H
78. Workmen’s boycott$ m [7 L E5 V( {* ?/ _
79. Producers’ boycott
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( M; W; N% P9 V) b, J0 H3 t1 xAction by Middlemen4 o/ b; h: S# _
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 |/ m; @& p; C5 X C
! w% G( R; ?' T/ w! Z8 `/ jAction by Owners and Management- p2 O( Z) P% m2 N% V0 v+ Y
81. Traders’ boycott% ?- h! A! X) e# j+ G. v
82. Refusal to let or sell property: ]; M2 i. r* Q, r/ J
83. Lockout
$ f) W, a. _" T I0 s/ W6 Y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* e/ Z' i4 t G2 K4 A8 ~ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”2 B2 {9 Z; R4 i( I
8 a h7 I& b+ a. j. Q3 UAction by Holders of Financial Resources
/ D( t9 F2 J/ O: p 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. ^4 N9 `- N% g2 E) I' c. ~ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. J- l, ^( ~5 V$ y3 u
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( A- q) ?5 c2 k% W, N, K q5 [6 X
89. Severance of funds and credit
5 H$ V! @* g" a1 s1 f, H9 x: v- w 90. Revenue refusal- t' c8 R, ]; @7 S4 f# g2 }' L
91. Refusal of a government’s money$ V' ~7 F i& e' L/ ]/ K- W4 A
) V& t, p8 P: l% h# F2 x
Action by Governments
+ d% q2 {2 J3 Q" N' Z9 R7 ? 92. Domestic embargo3 G# M0 m0 c" w i. R# ^
93. Blacklisting of traders0 K) N8 R. m" H# |8 Q; Z$ j9 B
94. International sellers’ embargo
7 q ] a' V' t6 A 95. International buyers’ embargo( l s# M3 O6 b* T& M/ s2 O
96. International trade embargo& _1 R5 n. ?$ Y: }6 k2 X+ Z+ W* N
7 h9 Y0 C5 n, I8 L0 o3 M
8 e2 `9 Y, Y1 C/ b, n* z
! q u9 z7 R# y; h2 W8 ]& J- LTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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: V$ Y/ [( Q9 B5 \
Symbolic Strikes
2 P \4 A2 U: ]. [' W* g 97. Protest strike
^% M" I& U( ?# l3 v: h9 a 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
2 \6 A h. J m2 q9 X s, [
# K5 c/ z; o, b% CAgricultural Strikes
3 F) e2 s' B) D3 P5 U" ?( O 99. Peasant strike! z: d! J$ m/ K, E* W
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 { |- e9 P0 p; b
. b6 a+ l( ^4 T* [Strikes by Special Groups
9 f# @$ e! N2 j6 x3 Z% O v$ P( j 101. Refusal of impressed labor
# J3 T+ c0 X# k6 U! C7 O* ]8 `0 e E# } 102. Prisoners’ strike
- h5 m6 T2 s6 K+ G) Z 103. Craft strike
+ w6 p3 y0 Q3 {; p3 ? 104. Professional strike3 d, B s7 Q. D
' H0 W4 y& o) J0 x+ S5 ?0 s7 i/ `
Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 k* P: ^8 S7 x' t5 }' j: H$ I; P
105. Establishment strike/ Q, C: M8 i4 j) t0 P/ q
106. Industry strike
3 V+ t' d$ Z3 A d& |1 Y7 d 107. Sympathetic strike
' t* }' X- C% ~" u# H4 Q( u7 ~0 G1 w1 x5 ^ C
Restricted Strikes
, K* I6 O* }5 {: D7 w3 ^ 108. Detailed strike) l! Q2 Z/ e' L4 `
109. Bumper strike7 V- L. V1 q' y* d4 c
110. Slowdown strike
5 m" t* v/ A; B6 ]1 T, k 111. Working-to-rule strike1 G' z! o. l7 i+ ^- K& W
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)- O/ y0 O% v4 ?4 ?1 s* Z1 M9 Q
113. Strike by resignation
k5 e6 @, [3 `5 ^+ [" H 114. Limited strike# ?. J2 b! f3 k, f% E) c+ F7 U! Q
115. Selective strike
% A( q! e. q$ D. Q+ i
) U* n+ M. K' O3 }9 L4 gMulti-Industry Strikes( f2 U" ]# }+ G
7 [0 k' F( c3 I0 I; z 116. Generalized strike1 U. k0 d5 K, ~: a2 n! U& r' y
9 t( J% d6 o% `) {/ I( ]% p 117. General strike
8 I- u) z m0 ]" F8 \4 \2 V- y4 ~+ N0 a
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ n& A9 Y) N% Y. Q5 X5 T
0 B2 _; ^# J8 |, p8 z 118. Hartal
% J0 d7 h2 w1 `& I; y9 @7 t3 Q7 c' `$ c0 N6 X& G
119. Economic shutdown3 W$ h8 u$ W$ Y8 @* y
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# D/ b8 t3 M* O2 tTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. s0 b2 ]# y% `' ~$ Q
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Rejection of Authority) i5 B* S+ D4 A
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance L, ~$ B6 _( q6 ~! t7 a7 `/ D' U4 _$ a
121. Refusal of public support
$ A3 J: |: Z& S' Z) t 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance: @' a* I. B# A8 B" y
* g9 V7 E; _( `7 C% k6 S* ]1 OCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
: K; ?9 I& s- q+ b 123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ a0 g$ Y/ X% W8 r8 f( U, P3 h" p
124. Boycott of elections
4 a H3 ^! W: n# P 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) l6 C7 `. i. ]/ F9 T 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ Q7 e) {/ M/ @4 j7 k2 x
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 @3 c$ E1 ?4 a% M 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( R* _8 f* U5 l) k1 C9 l4 _
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& {7 |. H# M# f a" ? 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ u4 }. D8 [9 b F; ]4 S% O 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 x$ [" w* d/ o% ?9 g+ S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
' [* L h2 G+ u) J! G3 d$ B2 u& L; P! @3 ^
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience _, ?5 j) H' K
133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 f! a& F& B' I1 d K$ b$ t6 m
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
) E, }3 F' Q4 B( ^3 N 135. Popular nonobedience+ U, e* f& k7 I2 q
136. Disguised disobedience
' J! n* {8 X$ `0 x 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( v4 H/ F. U4 o4 @
138. Sitdown8 Y' b! B0 [: y9 l) C8 p1 ?+ A
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
+ ]4 L: V4 W3 v& s' ?& A 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 X3 n6 `- E* E+ t+ B8 D. k 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, @* {4 W, U9 V: `1 \& P' }9 s
& u" e: b3 S/ x1 ~/ `' y; K
Action by Government Personnel
' X6 G# [4 |0 t0 k! L6 U+ m 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
) U. [& Z3 L' Q* K7 t' d- \! N 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) ^. b' P- q3 a: O 144. Stalling and obstruction
' G- g+ _0 W" ]; g i- d; _ 145. General administrative noncooperation
0 e$ `8 s) ~' l, {2 p: Q [
1 v2 a: r2 ^/ Y j' @9 \ 146. Judicial noncooperation
5 \* M% ~" D5 X' P7 ]1 W 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
4 e& v8 K. O- Z, p 148. Mutiny
6 C' l2 g5 v1 z+ i, Q- d$ Z- Q8 wDomestic Governmental Action) M7 R+ i: P# C3 H
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- r; N. B& |0 k3 c7 n: |+ U 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ @, e5 W4 V3 b3 D+ {" n: I. p% M& c7 D0 r, {" A2 g; c0 o
International Governmental Action
# D5 e; d* @, ^- F/ q! [ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. T- D6 }" v' B/ |: x 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- U: x3 ^& |) y- Q1 o6 `
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- C& M, h. [2 B, Y1 F3 @ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations* l2 t; x, l, F" r
155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 E( j: c% V" ~; S
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) l/ Q) G$ o7 g% O8 ~0 x* J+ N# e 157. Expulsion from international organizations$ Q& K' l3 X7 f! l
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2 Q! u6 c# J% K+ F2 TTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
! {7 \( f W/ O! K( J6 k7 R6 @7 O8 N9 i
5 p- b' _3 J7 MPsychological Intervention
4 U5 B% ? ~! k+ p 158. Self-exposure to the elements
, ]9 ^% S3 J$ `1 e 159. The fast
0 g. Q& P' J& f9 ]3 R Y( E a) Fast of moral pressure, t U# S8 Y8 H+ j' R: x0 U
b) Hunger strike. Q$ H: u- U4 v$ |& S. i3 b4 d
c) Satyagrahic fast4 P5 b# k$ c, L$ J6 V% P7 Y
160. Reverse trial# f$ L& c! R. V
161. Nonviolent harassment% s# F5 N5 g9 m
9 M5 g" C" n* ^
Physical Intervention
% K, }2 u, e; O2 R7 d! | 162. Sit-in& ?6 M/ R5 Q: a# h7 V
163. Stand-in
) t( } { y- j; u+ W# O. j 164. Ride-in1 \: R4 B) X( O# Y: t# V
165. Wade-in
) }* e3 C. w: _/ N) B 166. Mill-in
) S. q9 z4 z0 v0 y% d% l% g9 n2 R 167. Pray-in4 h2 e" p/ J$ p" S/ x( O! O
168. Nonviolent raids
, c2 ~% s* l6 n* L, K 169. Nonviolent air raids" D% C C/ |5 B
170. Nonviolent invasion
/ a1 m2 L5 c4 H1 c2 S 171. Nonviolent interjection
) f7 h" q! n/ v+ B- ^) k 172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ V4 B# k' a$ r) d 173. Nonviolent occupation7 K! Y7 _& J# Z$ c* h& {5 _- A
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Social Intervention# K7 ]" O5 a& d4 r7 p D* y& a7 X
174. Establishing new social patterns
* @9 q: M3 a$ {6 K/ a" o8 e 175. Overloading of facilities$ Y/ b3 w; V4 _& ]) P& A% d
176. Stall-in
l0 t. f, S" k% Q" V 177. Speak-in
5 C# S/ X" Y" Q) [# g) N 178. Guerrilla theater, {! E( J/ i- S/ B2 m1 }7 b
179. Alternative social institutions
; ]. p3 [! l( q* P9 f) l, q 180. Alternative communication system
1 x8 [' @2 M% T' G2 U. z) R: Q( a0 ?* j
Economic Intervention8 x' n0 n5 o6 U' e( Y3 K
181. Reverse strike% z: F$ p8 f" n) T
182. Stay-in strike
& x; a8 d0 }. I9 @6 S 183. Nonviolent land seizure
- u* }: S/ r) ?4 r$ j# { 184. Defiance of blockades
3 T3 f- O/ m' T: @ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* x0 N! C" w T1 b3 _( V
186. Preclusive purchasing" ?% f1 @& I# r
187. Seizure of assets
* q9 g. \* T/ h7 | 188. Dumping$ S1 Y S* t# j: k" Y
189. Selective patronage
2 x9 [8 F7 Y% \ 190. Alternative markets3 |' V. ?9 V5 H" \/ K
191. Alternative transportation systems
) w+ T+ o4 {+ T5 D* V6 m" Z' Y 192. Alternative economic institutions
- x( F! M$ Q9 C
+ \5 |/ h) r) W, APolitical Intervention; p- L/ F% D5 t9 b& \" T0 z9 ~
193. Overloading of administrative systems# V: x- v x, `& ^7 ]8 ^+ y8 ]
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 r1 y# o& ^8 @9 {
195. Seeking imprisonment. }. ?4 c1 a% p
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ q8 U% b5 g" V" v- ]* I/ i( c+ h9 c7 W
197. Work-on without collaboration8 d* u& E c% t: ^
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
