 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( K% w; c$ n% R+ nFormal Statements# `5 j* ?2 y( m% s0 u
1. Public Speeches
& a' x1 ~1 I {, p 2. Letters of opposition or support
. K3 ]! t( @) ^ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 s; a6 p. R$ F* L 4. Signed public statements( k( L' I( Z( p: n V( B& T
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 |! a. \! o8 f& S' E 6. Group or mass petitions
) g/ G* ~# [4 q: ?( d4 J C: H' v8 I* I( H4 ~% u* N1 r
Communications with a Wider Audience( i% r7 X9 A! H6 g$ r& G% H0 z* Y
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" V) U4 W) l5 }8 M 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
& i* n' ?6 t+ ?$ B 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ h5 I6 q, ^ K( ` 10. Newspapers and journals- V' o/ F: [, }7 H7 C* F# d( p `
11. Records, radio, and television
( Y. l4 ^) G' ]. I4 m9 [8 ]( r" x 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
3 Q5 c. @# e2 u8 L% u' v, K2 x' |+ m
6 A, p n. N7 eGroup Representations% N# {; s9 v0 B
13. Deputations
% G7 i7 a/ m% i9 u8 ?* q; s- n& v 14. Mock awards
) |# R/ |5 X. e, L5 t4 s 15. Group lobbying
. k' j" E4 T9 a& E 16. Picketing7 a0 m+ W( e% O; s6 m: }
17. Mock elections
" d! v: K8 D( v& k
% s; a D" b, G( w9 X. l. ZSymbolic Public Acts( s4 _0 X8 {1 y6 p$ J5 G
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
a1 o9 |# N2 @) r 19. Wearing of symbols) {7 Z% W: b9 l( j! k4 s5 k+ ~( s
20. Prayer and worship
' f8 \6 f. k6 S6 C2 d2 j 21. Delivering symbolic objects
) \( b4 v, L: u' {8 K 22. Protest disrobings
2 \. U$ @1 g) K 23. Destruction of own property# c, q- D" l& d3 `% h) B! U% T
24. Symbolic lights
# W1 P* }! @6 o r4 U) V$ y) P9 c 25. Displays of portraits6 H" w; p6 A \
26. Paint as protest
/ J/ r% u2 A) O1 k A 27. New signs and names" n! K$ M3 Z% x9 O$ Y! l
28. Symbolic sounds
9 Z% i9 K" G f2 R9 h1 I 29. Symbolic reclamations
0 V' f- U( p! ~9 z- K 30. Rude gestures, ~- n1 X' m' R
% P- l5 C: s, {% h
Pressures on Individuals6 l+ |9 L9 O0 T! U! ]
31. “Haunting” officials+ O, Y/ _3 ~ Z. m/ v* o* r
32. Taunting officials# v" Q& d5 C y& E1 M
33. Fraternization0 ?1 y3 J9 a) E, n
34. Vigils
3 n- U6 M7 E7 ~# @# S
. ^0 A: o9 f5 V3 _* jDrama and Music
+ ^6 D# X: q+ k- M/ h' _" ` 35. Humorous skits and pranks3 p, u' @' n; m
36. Performances of plays and music
6 y. B! L {5 N$ U9 K 37. Singing
! m9 V5 k# ]* V# A/ x: o
' z' ]+ z+ w V. NProcessions/ Z m* F. Z3 S" L2 u
38. Marches, {' C* G$ H" h3 c+ }
39. Parades& n8 u7 b) x3 e0 W
40. Religious processions
" |6 C, P# ^) i- ] ~5 Y( z/ j6 c 41. Pilgrimages- Z" z; O; U" K: G0 x8 r5 F( M: N
42. Motorcades
( Q5 y$ n* `, V0 e7 n" |6 M% {/ ]" ]' y' A X: H* K
Honoring the Dead
- e5 z2 I* H7 r o9 u+ U0 `" O& V 43. Political mourning4 u. a- n- V' D d
44. Mock funerals
/ }) B2 Q K4 }# P6 S! ^! ` X 45. Demonstrative funerals
" |& M' C5 c2 M6 q 46. Homage at burial places4 J; Z3 D5 \$ K' q# R2 }6 V
5 J# k$ A' l5 k* `' x. a( A- y; F
Public Assemblies
8 n) V7 c3 A8 r# V9 t 47. Assemblies of protest or support# \7 ^+ x( ?/ I3 H4 ?9 p; \( F5 Q
48. Protest meetings0 _5 c7 B3 M& t. L- E& r
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 M4 U6 u7 C; C3 o3 @2 I
50. Teach-ins5 Z( J/ g- B+ i" M8 _7 e, Z
8 T0 ~, n% \! j. f! nWithdrawal and Renunciation& D" W( U7 l* d4 h( I
51. Walk-outs
: `7 w. R! `3 k! `4 i 52. Silence
6 K4 V' I1 j6 ~2 q9 X 53. Renouncing honors
! g8 V8 p6 `, n& ^+ r0 r 54. Turning one’s back
/ ~, K: i- }4 s* z! z) l9 e0 t5 H( B8 n$ N( t+ Y- [
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- q0 q8 b7 m0 o9 C) `* R
6 m- W& K- e6 j; z* S3 x" T
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Ostracism of Persons
, H8 y+ r% v7 Z) M; B6 a 55. Social boycott; I$ g1 U" j# ]
56. Selective social boycott8 @9 M0 C+ k. [
57. Lysistratic nonaction& {% ]. P: }7 G0 _4 D1 V
58. Excommunication1 ~' }" l) P2 }
59. Interdict6 @- l$ s6 R( Y9 {) L" T$ o. n Y7 b" Q$ |
) C/ y/ C7 F7 ]) D2 E8 a2 S5 v& |Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" C+ U; S1 j# b+ x 60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ X2 B$ |. c, N- I( d r& G
61. Boycott of social affairs
* D# r) X) U( S% _# J 62. Student strike- @! H( C" o0 w( W5 i' `' [/ M5 t
63. Social disobedience
0 \ R4 X: v# c1 }$ I 64. Withdrawal from social institutions$ {# N4 W j8 B7 V, }
" f5 I8 S& f' K; X2 f
Withdrawal from the Social System$ X1 F; q; c/ z
65. Stay-at-home3 y _+ o4 U% K: f" r- |! X+ B' d
66. Total personal noncooperation$ `8 L7 n, p+ _0 f9 S
67. “Flight” of workers# f8 s* U \ v$ X& J8 \
68. Sanctuary+ c6 @/ _* Z m) E+ K7 H5 O
69. Collective disappearance8 q* ~: _- e" N- S A- D4 m$ v
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& E" j2 j5 j8 ?% i. s: ^! |
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9 C4 Q. e; S. ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 [- J* |7 R! I* c( A) F9 ^2 G: H! j5 o4 [
) ]% k5 l1 i5 ]% q! BActions by Consumers
) q+ u/ _0 \7 p; U 71. Consumers’ boycott
* s6 x9 }' T* p0 {' n. ] 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 P1 b: e0 H" Y1 O& n 73. Policy of austerity
: o5 A1 `+ @" r- n% S 74. Rent withholding3 S0 [: A& |9 y" S+ k/ N4 ~
75. Refusal to rent
1 x4 C2 S6 I3 n- i4 N 76. National consumers’ boycott0 p2 R8 a8 Q c
77. International consumers’ boycott( j: L4 B$ q' K! U# Q
2 q- Q7 q5 s/ M( Q p" }5 ~( U
Action by Workers and Producers* n' Z( S% O. T! `/ }% r
78. Workmen’s boycott) K+ b! \8 y: C5 ~
79. Producers’ boycott: `. p5 w9 n0 V0 q
: p! w" F# A: Y. @3 AAction by Middlemen7 r5 V9 O# `' b4 j" m" y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; q+ B" f& ]' i
8 K2 b; v, T7 {- c2 M/ ]. D2 @/ W/ LAction by Owners and Management0 r& O" W1 ]& v3 ^( s$ S- ^7 Y( O
81. Traders’ boycott# k: n( m5 g$ s/ ?+ n6 G( z% @8 f
82. Refusal to let or sell property5 {/ l5 K$ z4 m% f
83. Lockout
) }7 H' i* v, l/ z2 B% B6 }; \) ~ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance3 g: B6 B/ r+ a4 k" d, f
85. Merchants’ “general strike”- N0 Y! M D% q. r
4 v3 Q f1 [- t8 e2 Q+ X/ K1 I0 d
Action by Holders of Financial Resources4 R- X" ?5 ^: G( Q' h
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 n j( S4 t$ P- h$ i. G 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" c) T" r5 F3 I% r3 M
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest8 n) Y* H, q: @+ ~9 ]* N
89. Severance of funds and credit
) j; N$ x% A# _% N! m 90. Revenue refusal
" ?% Y* x8 O/ Y; ^8 \# l3 K8 \ 91. Refusal of a government’s money3 A' {; v! @' N2 [
# \6 u& p( ]' x8 F. q' g
Action by Governments p; b) q, o+ ~6 ~3 z! u" }1 ]
92. Domestic embargo; e2 y a7 @0 N& l& o+ p6 F- m
93. Blacklisting of traders5 ^( f2 |' ], g0 ^
94. International sellers’ embargo+ t: v) V$ m, s! j9 w
95. International buyers’ embargo6 c8 A6 z) _6 G( {3 m) Y
96. International trade embargo
+ G8 d. `5 W0 a, O4 ~* m* {
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 b* d% b. d/ k4 U. c- C# i
0 C9 ]# b' v4 J$ z5 X; m- u
. |7 d- t2 @8 SSymbolic Strikes
Q1 A4 a4 d- [" \ 97. Protest strike
+ C) ~& |+ R) M8 r9 O/ v( k% U 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 b& J/ I: t) p1 ?6 f
3 ^6 U. n* J7 _3 w% Y$ }
Agricultural Strikes
$ b' c2 F6 F' \0 S7 G! }$ y$ S% k7 G 99. Peasant strike5 W, F2 P6 |, E% e' y0 q
100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 d+ u) p8 m( x) Z. Z; p8 R2 f. ~- F6 w
Strikes by Special Groups# n5 X6 B* X* F" j7 B2 ]5 }: P
101. Refusal of impressed labor
( P, G: S2 n5 C7 V j; ~3 B+ Y 102. Prisoners’ strike1 a! Y8 e. G: {4 j v, Z8 r4 f( v
103. Craft strike
7 I7 J8 {' s7 W; ]- R8 { 104. Professional strike4 f7 x* T$ n. W- X1 a
) v7 P" K4 X3 O1 U5 B
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
% m/ w4 F2 W2 Y, w 105. Establishment strike4 F% Y3 U3 k( L' n' p
106. Industry strike
# r% ^7 W- c8 u1 E 107. Sympathetic strike8 O9 ~% K) v) U6 f) n0 i' s
: g4 x! I- K- ]% Z3 j/ m6 QRestricted Strikes
3 k* R! ?9 w. Q% |8 W& b 108. Detailed strike
6 Z' \% y, }/ C) \9 Z: J3 a9 H7 Z+ ? 109. Bumper strike; C1 M5 B7 ~0 y6 |
110. Slowdown strike- ~, |) r) g e7 j
111. Working-to-rule strike
8 d$ ^3 _ r- w m 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 a/ d: U$ o1 C1 p8 o7 X- y( J 113. Strike by resignation1 B$ L2 ]& @; ~6 G
114. Limited strike
$ I& w2 X3 L( w+ t0 ?/ g 115. Selective strike$ c4 h! v9 t8 @
1 b8 e! A( L" h& g! m" ]# ` JMulti-Industry Strikes8 B Q% `8 c! U# {3 J
0 d3 |) q* K4 J2 I' H9 X 116. Generalized strike( {# F+ H+ G; w8 ^ f+ w8 Y1 p
$ D) \1 ?1 _( ?1 O3 Q6 g# J4 O
117. General strike
9 {4 M& F& c" v: g J3 B C9 f, ?- U' `
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( s: l# U! n! K: E2 w a, Y
+ }3 x/ ?/ D0 T& C, I" s 118. Hartal
2 n; _6 T1 q( W0 M1 m. j% L+ r* [5 j, O% B& x2 {/ ^
119. Economic shutdown8 ~0 U9 b0 { e8 C E; z3 t8 [8 g3 r
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: F& {( q% d/ b' i2 lTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 D4 O$ l$ Z( I1 S& XRejection of Authority
1 c( w* q& k2 a& L' S' Y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ i! F0 n" Z0 K f! B! O 121. Refusal of public support$ Z( K( {, D; r- ~+ L$ t/ h
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ Y9 R2 {8 g9 n# U* g# [. \* D. ~. g4 c
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government# R- L% [. p) a
123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 |4 G/ M! z. _. p
124. Boycott of elections! E Z/ C6 J: }3 Z! A1 \. N* `
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 S/ _) Q5 @& u2 c$ }2 O 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ W: V; e" [3 V# |
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! _, P+ }. R% l0 e- C0 {' v 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% ~; n( \5 V% `/ `/ ? 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: Q+ \! ]) x, x+ M. a8 p7 x" w
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
7 O4 y m3 `$ K 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ x* N6 N6 j9 t/ {; n
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
7 z- c/ a6 i( B5 b
, W; i# G: W: y4 D4 d8 eCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience% D- {% i/ |9 {* E/ j1 G& Q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
2 v3 A5 S: e7 d 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) Z8 h* ]$ S7 K, T
135. Popular nonobedience
! [+ u& V% h Y 136. Disguised disobedience& l$ o# ^; i/ L3 X/ `
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 w& _$ Z# \2 c: ^ 138. Sitdown
- v' _* B- O4 z! F2 W% \& o 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 @! E: j; K- [) K; U5 m1 c; _, x
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ u% w A( P; [) W; T/ I' N- I
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# [& o: K3 Y; `# M, l3 \# c- b
& t4 U Y' Y6 F% Q1 M1 e: c
Action by Government Personnel& _; v- o6 X( \
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
, P8 L2 b+ G B( S7 D6 b9 v 143. Blocking of lines of command and information' o' r; K4 m4 ]+ M% R; _- G
144. Stalling and obstruction9 d, g/ s/ r3 p% o
145. General administrative noncooperation
! E8 X( _' [* k P
$ y9 w8 @0 s* k: e8 a9 ]/ r 146. Judicial noncooperation* P7 r1 }" U+ s# g, c7 ]
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# W V. H* {$ @& e% K6 D
148. Mutiny
8 U* p% o$ Z" B2 c& ~Domestic Governmental Action# X& @7 K Y* X9 u. f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& I* K& u7 Y6 N4 M- ? 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" V# V6 ^, ^2 A4 W9 I0 j- u5 [
- d" ?' G" L% d+ ?8 d! K5 {International Governmental Action
& B$ J8 _$ J0 ] 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 E Y" ~' u! l' o7 a$ w 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events( p6 t2 Z3 \9 I7 I8 f7 H
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
! q8 }1 d1 F8 B1 Q 154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 T3 r9 f- j' A. \2 k" m4 N* w* }
155. Withdrawal from international organizations" i. m. u1 G0 n. w$ O1 [* o% s
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies% _; E/ j5 ?; o6 _2 g! I9 `
157. Expulsion from international organizations
7 X4 g2 ^; r; M
& {6 X% m! X0 b6 C 8 p: @0 ` t" i, i. G
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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" g+ i, Y9 S( YPsychological Intervention
/ z/ e/ S+ Q) r, ~! ?: w, X. I8 Z 158. Self-exposure to the elements
6 Y" V3 G: H$ U, u$ R+ w 159. The fast" I. P. q2 B% z$ X; B3 N
a) Fast of moral pressure
. c+ q: b, C i0 M b) Hunger strike q' x6 } S- @6 M0 q) ]* H9 V
c) Satyagrahic fast, a$ o( j5 [1 v6 F
160. Reverse trial
! r; t2 ?, d; \% G# q6 O 161. Nonviolent harassment1 ^+ L" Y5 A+ |
2 o; _; J, x6 F1 `2 o; p' `Physical Intervention
- Y' l' V' ~+ K" f3 z+ G4 [! x 162. Sit-in
2 Y' p" x; K- U 163. Stand-in
6 h0 a+ A! J2 G I" ^8 f 164. Ride-in
# C5 w$ d, q, B8 _ 165. Wade-in
/ a. `7 j j c" J 166. Mill-in! z' ?1 {; f+ b$ b0 d5 N0 W
167. Pray-in
/ U0 ~" r6 J* Z' k( l8 j 168. Nonviolent raids8 A/ }& G% ~8 J. T1 M& q
169. Nonviolent air raids$ B, R) [ n! w* E4 [4 {
170. Nonviolent invasion
: F5 ]: F/ [$ f/ b 171. Nonviolent interjection
1 A; Q C" \7 C# V7 V 172. Nonviolent obstruction$ |; j; w2 ]6 C5 Y. H& X( r, [
173. Nonviolent occupation+ s5 _" }) B) P- ]1 B$ w# c
+ f/ o" U) h" L6 o6 Q' F8 r x% CSocial Intervention
- O& \. |" N+ _7 i 174. Establishing new social patterns% R7 O( ?/ j' k3 }
175. Overloading of facilities
% z& T9 g$ q ~ 176. Stall-in
i7 J% ]; \7 Y& z2 G 177. Speak-in
7 v0 H, m4 L. {* O8 f, E& R, s 178. Guerrilla theater* n( I i: y8 W
179. Alternative social institutions) C \5 f; q W% Y* j; w" e& z
180. Alternative communication system
/ j8 F# c. O+ v+ J
! I2 {" g* F' ^3 S; EEconomic Intervention- `* c% o2 V/ A+ ~+ N/ A7 B3 Q0 v' n
181. Reverse strike$ L `, i' @, m9 w
182. Stay-in strike
" _& B- w4 s) S8 L# r4 d 183. Nonviolent land seizure# T6 U+ l3 o2 m4 ?) z) q- {9 x
184. Defiance of blockades
M1 z: O n: a5 e 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. z( A4 Q& b& l5 ? F
186. Preclusive purchasing4 t* r7 ^2 w4 K0 O; y
187. Seizure of assets
4 C) O: |" M; i1 N 188. Dumping
v4 g6 {4 Q$ t( E( ^( T8 z 189. Selective patronage
1 W0 b0 K7 r$ e$ m8 ^: Y/ ? 190. Alternative markets
9 J! L4 u0 t6 @: v; T4 h 191. Alternative transportation systems, ^5 J( @' P; J3 B
192. Alternative economic institutions6 C* ~% W% ~& \8 ~" W! e0 c
+ u6 i7 Y r2 \2 b3 b7 p x
Political Intervention
+ ~6 R& Z+ n3 ~' ~% J! R 193. Overloading of administrative systems! Q6 A& m% w- m' v, T
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" s$ b9 d/ p) i; e+ Z; m 195. Seeking imprisonment
/ v" ]! g& F6 \! T' [5 O 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 P) C* i# @5 R0 U 197. Work-on without collaboration
% [8 V+ ]/ a* L1 W 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
