 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 m! v) I3 q, _" I' QFormal Statements
3 M& ]; M6 N, t+ t& K2 I 1. Public Speeches$ ]! o( j9 g8 `
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ M/ P* [6 z# P* g0 R8 }5 y% { 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions, M6 [9 `( ~9 q9 t) a# j- W2 _
4. Signed public statements
" ]7 z) \5 |& M0 z+ i# I8 H 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
1 z) T7 X# g1 m- c, e' u0 ` 6. Group or mass petitions
+ ^; A5 D! a' e1 |7 ]
, s1 {% d) n# [- `; WCommunications with a Wider Audience% s6 E3 J; I. N R' w1 r
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# N" J X7 |8 T' I
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: o" U6 l4 t+ {9 e* V 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 l; ?" J2 O4 m2 z
10. Newspapers and journals
7 h) x; ~0 V8 H! i( |: n 11. Records, radio, and television
; w! {2 d$ l4 b 12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 l' R) S4 _$ O+ c
O3 i$ {0 D* W* p2 V" h7 A: N" J8 {Group Representations
2 A j! O5 ^) B m- ^( u) z# M) Q/ V 13. Deputations
- r4 H4 s `4 [ i# P9 t* ~ 14. Mock awards/ P9 z; M* t5 _# l4 @0 }& \+ k* _+ M
15. Group lobbying; F7 z6 a% E8 q$ P& d1 @5 W
16. Picketing( F3 g5 F/ a/ ^- C
17. Mock elections6 l; j) e4 P" B6 V" `4 _# e" k9 k
: ~! |5 M, t- m+ t* l9 bSymbolic Public Acts
( ?: q4 B! Y% C" a1 r7 G4 A& @ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
& Q: O) q% J8 h U% I; E+ _' F7 L! X! N 19. Wearing of symbols
% ?* O; N( f! G# R 20. Prayer and worship. t; t! P9 o$ D
21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 m0 q- R+ z+ U. \+ c3 l1 N 22. Protest disrobings
8 X2 r( [. H1 O: i6 R! q 23. Destruction of own property, U' P1 x; v2 L/ B& I& Y
24. Symbolic lights
# b- l$ O9 W- k; J2 K, n( i 25. Displays of portraits8 Y$ T$ V. ?' I3 H( A0 X$ d% ]. A/ o
26. Paint as protest
]# ~% e# m3 ~ w9 w. P7 b 27. New signs and names T5 b* i, h! s
28. Symbolic sounds
: `% {8 _0 U% T. Q4 Q' [ 29. Symbolic reclamations
6 f' j8 [. D4 ~* u6 f1 h 30. Rude gestures* ~! P7 x) D( \0 ~" H
3 E! a, k7 L+ i( NPressures on Individuals
0 [# d" U7 l" h5 u! q 31. “Haunting” officials8 B) m3 q k+ e2 U- B
32. Taunting officials
( i* l9 e# H1 l 33. Fraternization
. I7 s1 l$ B: D; W 34. Vigils
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Drama and Music
( {# I# n3 ~' f2 G 35. Humorous skits and pranks
& D2 a( b% U! }$ E 36. Performances of plays and music
6 ^. K6 X1 m. G5 u 37. Singing- |1 d1 m P% y n) L6 R. ?
/ u2 c- v5 g- a$ n# c: @Processions
+ E4 S5 ?8 u. C8 m8 C7 _; n* X 38. Marches
1 m* R3 q5 X$ v; S# o1 k. d! |! }# \- o 39. Parades
& u) c8 K. R! T, t$ ^ 40. Religious processions0 e' U' S6 H$ [# p- M& Z m
41. Pilgrimages
1 f% B, V4 s( h5 J7 N. B 42. Motorcades, O# u# c$ V& }* ?6 }7 G
8 P9 p0 ~2 Z* S5 R$ ~
Honoring the Dead- j1 _1 t) |5 t9 _# A
43. Political mourning
0 @ \; C$ v% L2 z2 T9 z/ m+ { 44. Mock funerals
, I0 q9 e5 F$ L7 C5 M& ? 45. Demonstrative funerals
2 ]' Q2 q q, G& t/ F 46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies
9 h- n- b: O2 W$ B 47. Assemblies of protest or support' V2 n7 I# B( t0 r
48. Protest meetings
! b- A# ^2 k8 r( q% k) b) n 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& {/ w- `, {: Y 50. Teach-ins
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Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 T/ V$ {8 C* q: j3 ]) M 51. Walk-outs
% B' A2 n; E# g 52. Silence) a0 w9 @& }/ Y. |: Z7 A; p
53. Renouncing honors
, Y3 f* I! G2 @1 b h' u7 G 54. Turning one’s back
3 h. V8 y) K" J S5 I: }" `, j& n$ c* x" w5 V2 h! x
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. u! i8 N* v. [% ?, G [7 l/ P rTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION8 M5 k% Z8 m v3 w/ w! \: l. d
2 d8 d% b, S) c& [ G 5 N! w, D: w. V9 w& [! y2 x
$ }' b _. e s7 o2 R
Ostracism of Persons$ ^+ d! y) u1 r1 d* r) K- @
55. Social boycott
2 j5 B8 I5 a2 p 56. Selective social boycott- `0 Y) Z1 v! c4 ?* w3 T
57. Lysistratic nonaction
& H8 G. r4 N0 f7 z6 C- Z6 [; R5 u+ i 58. Excommunication( p+ l% z" u7 W- r0 z! \
59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
~6 y. J7 y/ ~ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 b; H0 B) l& h: C& E8 Z k 61. Boycott of social affairs+ }9 J6 g3 ]4 }4 U
62. Student strike* f7 n Q2 ^! ]# V: U- w O
63. Social disobedience3 i0 ^! r+ K! R/ T
64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 n. C% }9 O* T9 l1 |
* } E/ H" [- `2 i- [
Withdrawal from the Social System
g& M6 D' U9 W' w6 L 65. Stay-at-home
6 _9 [7 |4 r* |* ? 66. Total personal noncooperation
& l7 Y( a9 I; U 67. “Flight” of workers* w$ F% y/ W' S$ X
68. Sanctuary% n1 Z6 k2 }; | R/ L% E6 M
69. Collective disappearance
+ z5 D! A* s" _ 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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( h3 x2 K9 M( r/ E+ q0 S8 ?& g( bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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1 }( E: L! }1 O% oActions by Consumers7 u2 n3 d) [2 Q
71. Consumers’ boycott
) U& X# F3 s( w 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. t- t' J) d$ S% ?
73. Policy of austerity
! v0 F* k8 x: a& {) c _ 74. Rent withholding9 `# F2 h2 h7 G, t, |- x" z
75. Refusal to rent
|# w9 ?# b, M& x! T- K; A. @% m 76. National consumers’ boycott
3 C+ `4 M4 Z8 k' p 77. International consumers’ boycott
3 K- O: F. _+ C/ y
9 p d' [% X4 a9 O+ qAction by Workers and Producers6 B4 |$ C( H- H6 ~: p0 |7 c
78. Workmen’s boycott
& H( w! j$ Y$ S& x1 j 79. Producers’ boycott
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9 V0 U) l* I/ jAction by Middlemen
1 E# N% P/ A$ l7 d 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; i7 ?8 _9 t# C! L
2 I0 B# q4 b# x' e) t3 ^Action by Owners and Management5 K- N' d. {% V& b- i5 {
81. Traders’ boycott+ o4 I5 E% t$ J. z" _; ?& q3 ^
82. Refusal to let or sell property
: y/ d5 Y' u0 X' b5 n 83. Lockout/ t. ]- R. \. `" R
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 I7 \. x, t4 {" [5 ~; e3 a3 w x 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( P8 l% N1 A& P) d+ P4 ]8 _$ `8 K/ i Y' F4 e% D5 R: u" I
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
; B3 E' A8 i, G# `; ^ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" t* ~5 v6 j+ `3 ^' [3 e 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
( h# M6 `3 R. f: I( N" ~ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest3 m3 E6 _( A ~3 _1 I. @/ r& k E9 A
89. Severance of funds and credit
; r% y( @& `" }0 r: h 90. Revenue refusal
7 y/ S, P% ~& ]7 T 91. Refusal of a government’s money6 c0 m, r- p* C
" }5 }* Y- v; S$ D# KAction by Governments
- f3 U' A8 p9 Y- D O1 ?8 l 92. Domestic embargo2 ^4 U$ B* k, y" ~3 F1 N0 g1 C# ?
93. Blacklisting of traders! I8 n1 _# ?: }
94. International sellers’ embargo) x7 j1 D2 Y! ?
95. International buyers’ embargo- ]+ j x8 x% y$ v+ ?; ?. `
96. International trade embargo& n! m9 }0 f# s
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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- L2 U9 L7 b4 r* e% T2 m
Symbolic Strikes& O5 S' V4 f0 w" e: c- Q5 P( c
97. Protest strike
( V8 K- u/ x' i. c/ I$ c 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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Agricultural Strikes
& J! ?" U) }+ X+ ^6 ] 99. Peasant strike
" c7 s: d% X! t/ b4 E% F, J6 } 100. Farm Workers’ strike: p$ e# }/ {9 N p% m# q
4 X* R7 X# L$ p9 sStrikes by Special Groups
# L( R3 a% i( C0 O4 w, V, f 101. Refusal of impressed labor0 N0 M, l4 h* F! @+ J8 i) [5 G- g" h
102. Prisoners’ strike
8 b: p( }/ O N' u( O1 W7 { 103. Craft strike, ?6 {$ F4 h$ z# \& ?# P& y
104. Professional strike" m! ]& R- F# ?- j
+ E; |$ t) z$ z% OOrdinary Industrial Strikes
# ^! g" \' D1 q 105. Establishment strike8 ?2 y) Z8 u: n$ J1 |5 f
106. Industry strike3 E# \: e* ]( F, J( C# v
107. Sympathetic strike# i. {0 M/ @9 f- ^4 S; A- y
( c% S4 Z4 [+ v- z2 G! R; V
Restricted Strikes) t) {9 O) E: \) [: O
108. Detailed strike
7 p, |& i; X+ p9 e- C 109. Bumper strike
2 S0 y2 f! g' o7 q! Y 110. Slowdown strike3 L( q7 r" {8 c" z1 L4 {, T
111. Working-to-rule strike
1 F! z4 T6 K% c 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 T$ y% A2 z( ~) c4 W0 j
113. Strike by resignation
' O1 P$ K, x5 P" V8 W3 v( q 114. Limited strike) ^% W% r# B2 M& x( N
115. Selective strike- a2 ^1 F% V* K. ]7 [ t9 ?. z
" _2 y% C4 r. o$ y& k
Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike! f# {9 o- ^. M
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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6 s8 n, H! I _$ A0 m8 t 118. Hartal8 ~4 F( U u7 M
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION0 s- e) g. ]2 E$ B- y
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! a$ _2 `' k8 ~) Z; jRejection of Authority
' c) W1 L2 x( @ }/ S$ I5 d 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 V1 l% D* A# {6 X" I+ _- z; m 121. Refusal of public support
8 {) M9 K$ G R 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance$ m9 m7 T6 }: g+ [2 z
- }( v+ s- j8 ]0 T4 W! C, Q. iCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 Q: ?" L: q# U; `/ o 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
& `" o* b3 w8 ^ 124. Boycott of elections8 Z) Q% {8 A5 X- {
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& R8 r) @2 U; c! W& O& D' t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- K' l5 A1 m0 b4 I" z: K 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! u5 K) x7 P% q0 [, [; a O j 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
) v0 K9 Y7 W% ^) m 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
, C; e' e. }( G- T4 Z. o& D, b0 m 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: F' d5 b3 p' w4 O8 L+ r# A 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( n3 U+ l7 c- R8 j 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* T0 ?6 F/ A* J( ] 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 f4 V2 ?! O5 w/ t/ D) A- k 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 w) A8 u9 m8 c1 ^7 ` 135. Popular nonobedience
2 B4 b4 `: Y. v4 J 136. Disguised disobedience- a5 R6 b' o) u) ] t) ^
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse! X1 V% H# ]0 r# s S
138. Sitdown5 U- v* _7 H% L* o
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' Y7 q3 c. ^& E; g* C+ q& L
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 P# _; s, Z2 S0 H" O6 N 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 C0 ^3 O+ Q6 ~1 L p0 z. |
, @1 |& W- u( ~5 UAction by Government Personnel, w! c6 L7 Z, U% B
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) K2 y' @" ?& o) a% F8 y8 T& a; E" ~ n9 u
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! k3 b$ v j5 o; ~: T7 x8 C 144. Stalling and obstruction" M0 Z" A. L; w& q2 W
145. General administrative noncooperation
" Q) i" H5 g" K; ?* P# T5 m' q5 [ u2 y# V0 Z& ?/ v' w2 s" R
146. Judicial noncooperation& e3 U' s" B: b
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents R$ j4 R2 M" s0 l
148. Mutiny' E9 Y! q0 g1 v! k; P4 d
Domestic Governmental Action0 u5 [' e% j9 ~ p8 p o3 ]8 j
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& b8 U/ f5 a* e2 I; V 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action" T- S6 d+ O* ]- ]# `* J) T
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 ^& D! p$ u, {+ K6 o8 G 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 `- E N% `% i" T 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 z7 I. [8 w' \$ a* P+ w& e: G 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
p3 d/ i1 n# ^. `- X 155. Withdrawal from international organizations+ f) u$ G# }7 _$ k7 _+ M7 c! n# L
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies2 O2 x B( t F8 @7 f6 B/ H
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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& A& T" J+ n {& UTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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7 y2 c2 H2 F6 s# `Psychological Intervention0 D( ] U4 ^" [* o+ E M$ j# D" T
158. Self-exposure to the elements+ c- w0 b8 h: M/ z$ ?( g- {
159. The fast1 H7 A7 [# q2 E' s% I- C! D
a) Fast of moral pressure
5 o2 @( M3 \0 U# R2 _0 J b) Hunger strike& u; n/ ^% X' Z2 I1 k# E( d
c) Satyagrahic fast! T2 F# g7 P/ L* w" u0 [
160. Reverse trial; S( {3 x/ M, R8 ~
161. Nonviolent harassment
% _( R2 u* [" f0 b M' d9 B, P. [2 u% u
Physical Intervention
% E' V! S7 }- L0 |6 O 162. Sit-in
8 J# T: r |/ \ 163. Stand-in
9 B4 m2 m/ G0 o1 J; s7 F 164. Ride-in! s+ @& w: I- G, H/ ?
165. Wade-in/ K. b1 v2 f. ?6 b" R0 _( ]- L
166. Mill-in4 H% e# i4 ~* Q# K. S
167. Pray-in6 Q% ~6 R8 }# i8 a N
168. Nonviolent raids
- x! l' m0 B+ ?* x# a 169. Nonviolent air raids" I+ K6 ?1 w7 L3 g
170. Nonviolent invasion
; O- z4 D, Y, h8 b6 e 171. Nonviolent interjection" \) ~8 L2 V' z. N4 N( y* N' W
172. Nonviolent obstruction
. ]. P3 n+ n3 R p* U9 {$ ~& p3 @ 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
. i. p$ ^1 U& ~$ Y3 \ ?2 b: l; F 174. Establishing new social patterns
P$ [3 M$ w% X* \' {/ g2 O; {8 i! n 175. Overloading of facilities
8 I- p8 M; a+ y& c 176. Stall-in% B$ q. y" B1 A$ S B: P: d
177. Speak-in
$ n/ @5 h4 U$ o0 i 178. Guerrilla theater
* I& ~6 I/ a8 v, u h2 e 179. Alternative social institutions
: l6 w1 V0 [! G7 Q1 p' R 180. Alternative communication system
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2 F: O6 D$ u3 o. Q( {+ A1 t( kEconomic Intervention& Q, R8 f' m; F# f3 g
181. Reverse strike! U+ m$ [4 M1 A5 X& b# V& r
182. Stay-in strike% A% F3 [) S6 ^: u5 F( u
183. Nonviolent land seizure i7 ^3 ?6 C) n$ f. w
184. Defiance of blockades. g2 h* b7 d5 a O2 V% @% l
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! o8 f" _6 Z6 m5 p4 X# ~) w0 A+ ^& { 186. Preclusive purchasing
5 \% Y' a- q4 b! ]4 ]) R 187. Seizure of assets. [! @; G' b$ K7 Q$ ]! a w. a @' g
188. Dumping
5 q" M7 C6 ]* O1 f b" T 189. Selective patronage! |) z' |. h% W5 N6 ^" ~
190. Alternative markets% |8 c( s9 J" f& N' C
191. Alternative transportation systems
' U$ T! l a& Z4 Y# y: l. o 192. Alternative economic institutions* j5 `( J) F+ _5 g( @' _6 k$ S
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Political Intervention# w. x5 h: o+ P3 f: K1 H! m
193. Overloading of administrative systems+ V" F2 [# T' ?7 e
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 W8 Z4 b/ W& r3 `' S" E 195. Seeking imprisonment5 j: a2 v, p9 w$ c" \7 G2 `4 Z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
/ h/ b) q2 {0 o+ C: y- } 197. Work-on without collaboration
! ^0 g6 u4 U% \, H3 {, O1 a5 m% n 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
