 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
3 u6 G5 l4 z" kFormal Statements
7 C& f7 F7 q0 T 1. Public Speeches
- z4 r% u/ w9 B6 J 2. Letters of opposition or support, T$ z( S r0 d `5 Q% Y& i
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
1 ^# ]) `0 B7 f3 G 4. Signed public statements
0 O1 T8 h' _3 {2 d# d0 v8 V 5. Declarations of indictment and intention* I4 s* i4 s. J6 @: s
6. Group or mass petitions
7 [4 D5 C( |% ^/ {7 F# J2 U- l9 m e# Q
Communications with a Wider Audience6 o9 X9 c( [7 @7 \8 R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& B' i2 _, c2 d: c 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications1 ]! n) t B4 {$ t u0 [
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
: @* J7 a* L+ K/ D d5 x 10. Newspapers and journals4 u2 V" {6 v: | S' F
11. Records, radio, and television3 l3 S' }( O6 j# b, v0 Q: B
12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 \3 ^3 L( G. j# E- d" I2 a
& _: L2 n# S! F& A6 LGroup Representations
4 H, D) |6 [$ A 13. Deputations
: h% R8 Q; H9 Q2 P, R 14. Mock awards% H3 t! E r, }3 n7 Z
15. Group lobbying
( c1 n; n O/ \! S 16. Picketing4 S- }: @4 v ~ _0 M, \
17. Mock elections; S @& e1 S4 R, H& j
' c. A( X& \# b
Symbolic Public Acts
$ j: p* J, W) x4 Z" _* ? 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) \* M4 S" w0 G" X* x 19. Wearing of symbols3 T7 m# L& Q0 u6 C6 N4 G8 o
20. Prayer and worship4 T& A8 N" v& q8 X! d$ X
21. Delivering symbolic objects( c9 g# w5 e+ u! B3 d
22. Protest disrobings
6 q3 @4 l8 T1 T 23. Destruction of own property
' h4 k- W0 [% p+ R! \2 o 24. Symbolic lights* [0 A) K; X! T% E, Q2 E
25. Displays of portraits
- ^; P7 u- E) n8 l 26. Paint as protest
; ~3 L0 V: w- P3 [! Z8 O 27. New signs and names
8 z1 `5 J- x4 [4 l 28. Symbolic sounds" n! G. |" U: m. ?1 r
29. Symbolic reclamations# @, j3 s2 H6 `9 m
30. Rude gestures
3 i& z* r; |4 V/ |6 U6 d: ~
, y, K- H# |0 O7 `& {6 m5 \& E( QPressures on Individuals
% `) y& x4 s6 P4 n 31. “Haunting” officials/ h' H, c. l- W- |4 `7 X4 r- T
32. Taunting officials
0 Y d9 v/ I; o6 G# D8 T( U. Y+ t1 E 33. Fraternization
' e Q4 ^. ]# D9 O: ]. t, A 34. Vigils- F! m% g& a9 @' d9 O. I; e
: j9 ]) {& d) x- n. o9 J: F% GDrama and Music( M3 f Q! E2 V
35. Humorous skits and pranks1 I& P+ q" g# L$ M: v4 j
36. Performances of plays and music
w! i' Y+ u8 H( G 37. Singing1 ~& i, k/ {- b6 A" h- I
9 v7 z0 Z- T8 I0 D% J8 k3 l4 V9 m, e7 a
Processions; j5 }9 k! L# f+ P) q3 |
38. Marches
6 {# F1 n. {7 G8 }, Q5 Q/ ]' i 39. Parades
l! x# B) b, C4 _4 O- Y( L 40. Religious processions
# K' p( q8 K5 d3 {3 `, b! {7 ]$ s 41. Pilgrimages g9 e( `9 r1 D: x$ j
42. Motorcades
& B9 E7 m. {6 C" A% a4 u, _& N3 p0 Z6 @& w; w' O
Honoring the Dead# s* j. p6 v$ E2 i6 V2 w
43. Political mourning
1 B0 r! L% f# }! |+ Y' E 44. Mock funerals% ~: C; T: |3 t/ a2 R+ z
45. Demonstrative funerals! x4 d& _; Y. O( @
46. Homage at burial places
* h/ t3 d. {1 n2 g' v; O- ^4 S" `# X% h% I6 F3 \2 a) q
Public Assemblies' b) m( X! c' B# b8 k
47. Assemblies of protest or support6 I4 H1 Q6 w+ ?4 g) z: C
48. Protest meetings
/ Z: K7 o: n% f* K3 R+ V, z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest% W @1 ?: x, J2 N' V1 K; M8 O
50. Teach-ins
3 I- b( N1 h- f, a) w$ C5 M8 E6 B& ~1 u: J. f5 c) Q
Withdrawal and Renunciation6 A7 L7 m6 h- c& J* l+ `
51. Walk-outs" g8 P9 p; x) i% O$ Q5 A. U2 i
52. Silence
. ^/ E% n0 D) j2 L- X" G* ~0 S 53. Renouncing honors6 T, {" \3 Y2 }* t9 O% p
54. Turning one’s back
* Z% T/ Y: i5 m# J
9 B0 |4 D& W6 Y
0 i4 ~8 F" l* D" N8 |+ H$ l0 A; u' Y* D5 ^: h
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 }8 B; T3 \. Z; J$ w$ w
D3 I8 Y- D6 D
" [2 C! @8 {& _3 c& F/ P/ q* h# e8 o' v2 d2 \- h/ u T
Ostracism of Persons
6 [: t5 Y2 d: ~; c! Q. ?" y 55. Social boycott I8 I! Y$ W1 ]4 b' I1 ?+ a
56. Selective social boycott' i# ^7 z# W1 ^) N/ t
57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 G7 ]& |5 M8 L: K' Q" K8 R 58. Excommunication
0 Q% Q5 r" y5 d! s ?3 T 59. Interdict
5 t8 a9 y5 T0 C3 N
) d5 k# l- L1 m; v3 CNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. h" o: Q; Q' x& o4 @. ]. R; r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) ? h" x5 @) z- o 61. Boycott of social affairs2 g4 f3 f$ B: x. H& I
62. Student strike% V$ u3 p( P# ?# K! L( Q( m6 m
63. Social disobedience
; e7 L# x5 R# U# h3 T3 a 64. Withdrawal from social institutions1 J! n( y7 J( L3 z- Z V' a: [
7 K" {+ c0 w$ k: n
Withdrawal from the Social System
. l( ~0 @5 I& J" U9 R( L 65. Stay-at-home2 n( D$ Y+ E8 A0 {0 J" K; Y. ^
66. Total personal noncooperation
& ^# H3 w/ H m: u: f 67. “Flight” of workers H0 {. j* l. R" P
68. Sanctuary* e8 z% N/ S5 Q/ |( w8 _
69. Collective disappearance
7 K# _/ W2 o- c' h% h5 n% h 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# K4 Q W( t5 x. @+ B
( M2 I8 J. _& R* B- H% X
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$ N$ ]4 y! A \3 i. h' N0 s
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS3 k. p; w& @) N" ]
3 a/ M! @" I4 g$ T8 `2 `: b0 r
+ B" m8 [- y$ s2 |& g7 s7 |Actions by Consumers2 z7 `7 t, B6 c; j1 L
71. Consumers’ boycott. ^, O* w4 t/ Q
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 d' l7 T+ a. p, O6 c: E+ u
73. Policy of austerity
; g$ G0 n5 I8 A& `# f+ v4 c 74. Rent withholding
5 I: ]: n1 D; q$ k% o' j$ F" Q+ { 75. Refusal to rent
Y3 ^& X3 w7 b" L' u/ P. b7 a) e9 v 76. National consumers’ boycott
+ B' c/ l$ w0 [, J4 W6 X) T 77. International consumers’ boycott3 A. |# N3 P, W1 k# A
0 k6 e) i" T. W1 mAction by Workers and Producers
" _; L; T, n& I, I3 w/ v+ F) Y: I6 Z 78. Workmen’s boycott2 L, c0 }7 E5 n: b) e! G
79. Producers’ boycott
{( R' B! @: I9 A1 Y2 C3 z4 O
4 }! Y3 y* K& C& x3 E( Y$ H9 W1 J: I% vAction by Middlemen: W( _' I6 R6 C2 U' J
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- [* U) o( r( {5 X$ |
5 v* S& {, u: _! H
Action by Owners and Management
$ Z4 T, m4 O) G5 [% k ^ 81. Traders’ boycott
4 x6 J8 b! N2 h+ r# U' f* V 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ |7 u- w& E, Z! T; g/ J5 d2 j" B1 B# \ 83. Lockout+ ?+ e8 i3 Q4 {1 O4 s
84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 l* |) r; r/ ^9 i! ?: b
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
( p% C% Y& l3 R+ r$ z* s. ?1 L1 a7 b" v. Y) \4 ]' a. K
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" n/ B" \% n3 B, w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# ~, ^& y- a9 y- t# k 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: |. R% W: H+ G. ]) l
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest4 n; \6 r! ]* L0 Q0 b
89. Severance of funds and credit7 j3 r, ?/ @( P# ]) N
90. Revenue refusal7 P$ k' L( c& y5 S8 E/ J$ z
91. Refusal of a government’s money9 s/ d- f* n% j+ E6 Z6 B
0 f2 ?2 d O. {9 U3 W8 F
Action by Governments
* _# ~3 E7 Z1 d$ M y 92. Domestic embargo! L, F% w0 s5 q$ a
93. Blacklisting of traders# x* s* c l( G/ M% K
94. International sellers’ embargo' J- j9 f; K' c6 s
95. International buyers’ embargo
- Y0 l( v' ]3 R. [8 f 96. International trade embargo
5 o- F+ r2 X6 R; c O( A( ?& b0 t, L0 f/ z; y* w, `( Q+ G
4 o2 \- x; Q( m7 v$ k3 S! O
) _3 Y. C& B; g: UTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
. V% Y* q7 c, W, s$ H* _+ w: |( W& V
1 E8 \+ }) _7 Z . h, c5 R9 M: ~# x4 @% r K, ?
Symbolic Strikes
* K: P0 l# a* N 97. Protest strike
+ }! K* X& T' W9 |& E& l 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
% k; P- d- T3 T- F
/ C5 F) d3 A' w2 l: ?; CAgricultural Strikes" L+ U6 s6 Z" X
99. Peasant strike
% N4 y% O: D/ m! E% _' i 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 t; m' A* }3 j9 T L
F; r% J# w1 _9 zStrikes by Special Groups
7 X6 [# M- g+ ~0 a1 |3 ~. ], E 101. Refusal of impressed labor
: z- |7 F1 \. W# f 102. Prisoners’ strike1 `, c1 E3 h5 }! ?
103. Craft strike
; ~) L; c) J7 D( g+ ~ 104. Professional strike
' K' g+ r7 c. G# E) \
" c( x$ O: Q) q- zOrdinary Industrial Strikes# A' e0 W( e, e! I% ]- G: Y
105. Establishment strike5 ^ t9 \1 Z9 p2 H; |" I
106. Industry strike- p7 _5 l$ X' G+ ^3 h1 g
107. Sympathetic strike! f# S0 G2 o9 `1 L( P
2 R" h# p; f6 O
Restricted Strikes& [" ?, z. C& H* \
108. Detailed strike7 Z9 i$ W1 U0 o! h
109. Bumper strike
- Y( H/ O# U; u5 Q 110. Slowdown strike
( U! Z e8 |: B, s1 x7 @ 111. Working-to-rule strike8 s" Z) k- ]7 U$ @0 j2 R
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
# w+ \1 o) t, E4 B 113. Strike by resignation1 i, g7 s m1 O0 q- B0 k4 e% S3 h
114. Limited strike
) \+ d+ s( t6 b& X! _8 D% W( R 115. Selective strike
0 a' c0 z. ]& f& B9 g8 P2 o5 A' K
4 N' v C8 `) l; M0 \9 J! O3 sMulti-Industry Strikes
& A9 D1 x4 d+ a2 _& ^! l' ?
. Z0 N' h/ K9 ^& W 116. Generalized strike
3 y/ y0 z$ J9 O3 |* T
5 M# Z; j. p r9 l# A; r 117. General strike9 T2 T& Q# Z; u- T
I; B( X, d N' ]$ {6 f
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures% d7 ~* _. g& f0 L
% A- b4 E% n& r0 x5 s, d- D2 d. W
118. Hartal
( c/ ?0 P/ z" I# l
5 [; b9 U) |" i: j* X4 z( Q* { 119. Economic shutdown- g& d$ j" l J: f
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/ w) V3 T5 u: H2 X% {- j4 O8 ]/ `5 ~ p3 rTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
5 F3 s3 F4 F) M0 w- O# C" U8 {) _" q* t/ W1 q
3 ^3 V9 q. A% A- P/ m2 Z( H* BRejection of Authority
: n3 d* E1 V# I/ c3 Y; P 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
/ z; ]1 U# i& f 121. Refusal of public support
+ i E( I3 ? u8 i 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance+ G- F; d6 _5 d2 b2 M
! H: e J7 @1 w1 T7 f- j6 j$ qCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ v& H* i. @+ S! a5 @! r2 O L$ L 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ F7 y+ e y* B6 O$ G, D; O8 d/ ~ 124. Boycott of elections2 d# `/ `8 Y( |* x! s% b% {
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" b; C/ C' N F2 V* v 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
. _8 E% N2 \. G4 W 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 _, R2 ?4 t3 Y- {( U0 U: X# a5 F
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
) g1 y% C8 M n/ g 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 p$ _8 b+ j d/ B7 C1 ^# c
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- h: n2 G) j0 r" _ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& d9 ^3 D: w2 p( l0 S4 G+ `. h 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 B7 J) a" y* ~: T1 z/ H& M- | c9 o, e' P+ q" N7 L
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience% X" Z$ i9 _/ H: v" p( r; i
133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ W% q3 P Z7 _0 \$ F8 ~
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% }% N! X) p) l
135. Popular nonobedience/ [( Z. J' A6 W6 w% D) I6 c' e
136. Disguised disobedience
2 [' G2 c3 R3 i6 l" _7 T8 M 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ F5 t# Y) P! r: F1 o) {9 ~9 t 138. Sitdown
2 E# p! C9 z5 y' M6 j: a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation& X; @ Y8 L, ^9 j9 v
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 \2 s: R3 K' l5 [5 j' I 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ P2 Q1 m5 {9 g+ {& y6 A* [; _! B2 w" D7 M. F: v4 h8 J6 ^% o2 o
Action by Government Personnel. _5 N& F) x. w& Q) y$ P% j
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. G$ [2 R9 z- m9 H, N8 G+ N; O9 C6 s2 F 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
0 x8 P9 O& s. c$ W% T" Z 144. Stalling and obstruction8 ]0 u9 b0 l8 |( g, u- ]7 v
145. General administrative noncooperation# @9 n0 x- x% w
7 l7 f" G: s' Z u5 B! } 146. Judicial noncooperation$ `4 N& l6 i, l4 a1 v4 t
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' J' \$ K2 w5 P3 T; @
148. Mutiny
; B: d: A0 K1 D* \Domestic Governmental Action8 ^* P8 Q2 q4 a: J( T
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 f! j% J& Z. r2 K: L 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units8 L$ g, z# V* M& x% n& ?3 T$ Y
6 v1 c/ y* O, R8 u
International Governmental Action/ T" @$ P3 |: n. U+ R+ h9 u
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. I' ^7 t, b9 e1 Y1 S 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 c0 Z3 u" B& n/ M* F
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 g5 s6 I* c8 [2 U 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' g: D; I) C. w
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 b" X' w, c" Z+ ? 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ ~1 W, c) k% Q
157. Expulsion from international organizations; @ E0 N3 N/ S- t i7 ~- z
3 r, D8 v8 B( R ) `) X* y j( \! T6 t
* F( q" H' z: R: K/ m
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
; u0 g4 Y g: y5 M A" G% p1 B) h1 {4 h
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Psychological Intervention
n9 q: W" m7 f* i: I [ 158. Self-exposure to the elements+ {0 @8 d& {" L0 l! k0 j
159. The fast) \8 H0 r4 z$ k$ W' D* r+ K! O4 k
a) Fast of moral pressure
$ q: L; L* _& ?- ~7 Q2 W8 A b) Hunger strike9 ^4 k$ k$ m+ }; a9 J! O j6 u
c) Satyagrahic fast
8 D. z1 y) D1 M9 V 160. Reverse trial/ z7 w7 I2 k6 W3 J& V5 d* o3 D
161. Nonviolent harassment
* d- T5 {9 p5 u& }$ U- a4 k i" v3 B* x$ g! C/ e5 d
Physical Intervention- E) h t4 f3 I% E) e
162. Sit-in- H$ f5 ~7 d9 Q" u: P
163. Stand-in
( ^, f( d* C* T" f 164. Ride-in) u7 h0 z$ W# ~1 r" z2 G+ u
165. Wade-in
$ _' t7 ^9 x2 f- D# |% I+ J 166. Mill-in) t) {) G: Y% `/ U7 r4 i, |" D
167. Pray-in
, q. o+ s; }- m+ ^# ^" e$ Q; s' b. p 168. Nonviolent raids
# v6 c% k6 i2 w( T. [9 _* L 169. Nonviolent air raids ]0 O1 M+ F. \- |9 \
170. Nonviolent invasion# r+ p3 K$ W3 R- v o
171. Nonviolent interjection
, b4 r: i2 |( G) o h2 ` 172. Nonviolent obstruction
T; } O. C% J! }. v9 ?- \2 `, ` 173. Nonviolent occupation
9 c& y9 F2 M& V3 c' q4 ?
6 D+ n" L% k, ]$ i! l: l6 g9 TSocial Intervention t0 U; t5 o/ X& S7 A. G3 F5 W
174. Establishing new social patterns
; y* z$ |" H+ n' v 175. Overloading of facilities' E* S t8 [$ t) e
176. Stall-in9 E9 E6 W$ L& x
177. Speak-in5 N' g c0 L5 p1 G8 @' M
178. Guerrilla theater
# B5 x7 k T+ O: ` 179. Alternative social institutions* g. @/ W7 D/ _2 }2 @! v
180. Alternative communication system- A2 p/ K, P, B2 s7 l
2 M/ B6 f `1 O% O- xEconomic Intervention' ~1 o- K3 w; k6 S) c6 I% j/ W$ y
181. Reverse strike
& j# j/ l. |) `5 @3 X- Z 182. Stay-in strike
/ L0 c$ N. {( R. X3 e: { 183. Nonviolent land seizure. Z' V, t6 ~; v. j; H6 K
184. Defiance of blockades
# u0 t8 M$ H% p' G' S 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting) d9 W2 [ v0 [$ }
186. Preclusive purchasing/ C/ l! T! q- f& \ `$ d
187. Seizure of assets
2 C/ f! X4 i. |! g: @ 188. Dumping
* _% \% p4 k' y. B) [' C& r 189. Selective patronage
8 C8 Q" B3 `7 t. a7 G, ]: N 190. Alternative markets
9 x/ _' c; a5 Z% r 191. Alternative transportation systems
2 x# j; t) X# F0 O, W p 192. Alternative economic institutions! Y( M R/ V0 V4 f2 N- [
* Q1 n( `0 S' Q3 a; w- U9 W Q$ lPolitical Intervention) z7 h- J$ \7 r+ u
193. Overloading of administrative systems
) O, ]3 M4 T) L! E3 n: y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" q; P" }1 H4 u# Z; s 195. Seeking imprisonment1 Q0 a5 t. R6 U
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws1 S/ m4 y+ L9 Z# U& p' b
197. Work-on without collaboration2 [: V0 I; a8 q. R* z- X, N. f# \
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" y& w/ @. l8 K4 P7 T
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
