 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
) m0 z r$ v; |- I9 a8 m$ S& cFormal Statements7 n" g' z" k, d( q
1. Public Speeches% \4 D+ k& E: b) U
2. Letters of opposition or support
4 w( A2 ?7 B) K) A" S 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: l8 d, }# e, S7 a, Y0 O' N8 i
4. Signed public statements
# ?, E5 ~5 r( H4 ^" S" u2 o) d 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 G* Z4 s% r' u/ R 6. Group or mass petitions
3 A/ f' b4 L0 d2 F8 t
3 a4 x8 l) P% N% KCommunications with a Wider Audience% r4 z6 V# a- o( y# l
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. _8 R8 W) f# o9 y+ w9 v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
P+ h7 z4 Z3 d% g6 d/ N 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
4 m$ N" P- m/ y, j$ u 10. Newspapers and journals
0 p6 `8 Z" Y( b# h3 J6 P 11. Records, radio, and television
3 d& Z5 z! b- w( p2 A 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
, c/ b; C$ C2 J% s
6 N5 V% a$ Y) q; K+ f. gGroup Representations7 U& P4 z6 a# h# d3 q( L
13. Deputations: W4 G: @' o5 H2 u6 N
14. Mock awards
) `+ q) ~' ]+ H+ |% t+ U. D 15. Group lobbying0 x5 m6 [1 j! ]2 I- ^+ [* w
16. Picketing
" q2 M$ L6 i Y 17. Mock elections
* a/ n! V* @3 b1 ~( ?
; K& p) n! d# G6 h% j# RSymbolic Public Acts7 H! A$ x1 Q. i8 v c6 s
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ O Z" r5 `! F9 v) u- Q% j 19. Wearing of symbols
) q+ j5 u9 H0 I9 z* I 20. Prayer and worship+ h5 n6 A$ F+ g2 a" [9 D8 b8 R
21. Delivering symbolic objects
: C2 `* h A* E6 _$ h1 ?8 M 22. Protest disrobings" N4 Z q' |$ a
23. Destruction of own property4 X! l& H3 E1 y8 F- t
24. Symbolic lights
6 D2 G/ q% D8 g) d. g& l7 l- e 25. Displays of portraits
5 Z/ i, U; ]9 |- R9 F 26. Paint as protest9 y# \4 I# W3 o- H
27. New signs and names0 W# _! u, T3 J
28. Symbolic sounds, T6 X! x/ y$ N* |' _
29. Symbolic reclamations2 S4 n8 l4 z& N2 Y0 J/ W
30. Rude gestures" f) G3 s% C+ ~% p1 h( w
+ }' L; q2 m: {8 b5 w# f- t2 {Pressures on Individuals
- f- G* Y: ~/ K E7 u3 Z3 G 31. “Haunting” officials! T8 @" V/ _# b& K% I% T
32. Taunting officials
- v+ Z% V! e0 _9 ?; Z 33. Fraternization
# |: j4 N* E5 ]* z2 h2 C- Y 34. Vigils
3 q& J3 z! S. |6 @. z
! p) s0 B7 b; [ E' y1 uDrama and Music
9 ^+ D& Q# F/ p% o 35. Humorous skits and pranks+ t0 j/ j8 N4 J. c# f
36. Performances of plays and music& y3 u. U5 ]) H8 V
37. Singing
0 N* h! [% f/ B7 L* ]
3 [$ v( \ x2 x' l6 CProcessions
4 z0 h2 ?) f; S% {/ i. D) d 38. Marches9 n0 e5 R: f) y7 |( Z
39. Parades
6 B5 T4 V+ q# n& u& @ 40. Religious processions
8 z/ t8 D2 |9 C0 T 41. Pilgrimages" d$ y) r# j# y* f: R c W7 g; p
42. Motorcades+ U- R0 `: E+ \# e
6 B5 a Y7 g" f; bHonoring the Dead4 h3 z9 e6 N- E, u3 s& ^0 b. a
43. Political mourning5 i& d7 ?2 |1 V! S/ Q0 q
44. Mock funerals
/ M1 S6 @, l. n7 L d 45. Demonstrative funerals
5 F: U+ {% ^& v 46. Homage at burial places0 H. U) B* r: \/ A
; p4 T7 `# w! d6 |
Public Assemblies
+ B, V! [! ]- n2 M 47. Assemblies of protest or support6 G C0 r- a9 r$ X! r
48. Protest meetings1 @! @- l* T* P/ _: D5 S
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 @4 n6 Y2 ] e# f* m7 Q 50. Teach-ins7 t! z5 N [- R1 W8 _$ y9 o$ z0 J
6 u9 z0 |6 O/ F* F' Z7 T3 e
Withdrawal and Renunciation
& x6 m5 W# M. Z7 c, U% L* E 51. Walk-outs
! _) n; J3 y9 u- L 52. Silence3 y2 w1 E/ d' `( O
53. Renouncing honors4 ~; X0 I- s- m# _) c: o8 v8 q
54. Turning one’s back
( k/ n3 @7 @7 p& W$ d0 h
1 v3 ~' Z: l1 L' V' E& I. ^) B9 g " F. h* t0 y, q3 ]$ ?0 |: L }( a
6 I. {; p; S8 a; f; OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
! c: f4 |% D" ?" P/ y. G+ o4 E' e: l2 t9 c T
7 D7 Y; v9 N9 b/ J( q
6 `2 g% t6 s1 E* pOstracism of Persons
! e6 D5 X& I$ Y* h 55. Social boycott3 g4 i2 s* N, L1 U- K) A' l
56. Selective social boycott
( l3 R1 i* ?* p) l% Z6 f 57. Lysistratic nonaction
2 ]7 R" S% F) K: H2 g& U0 B% w 58. Excommunication
0 ?( X3 L( @! f 59. Interdict$ X* n3 N V/ g; V2 B( V
8 K- W* K( B: j$ v; @6 l% t. |Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions0 |. I! N3 Q) j5 I% M$ b g7 Y7 t. M
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ L; `5 O$ X2 ^8 C' p h 61. Boycott of social affairs
# W `# v9 e' x& a1 H3 t 62. Student strike
n, G2 v3 }, o; C; B% F$ K: f( b 63. Social disobedience
" _. O" D3 Q2 X7 f2 h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 M: z; [6 d# I+ R6 T( P& l2 T( _" c3 x+ T
Withdrawal from the Social System
& G% V- ^- @* j 65. Stay-at-home5 z, h( F, r7 t# B
66. Total personal noncooperation3 d/ T5 M9 |: K: a
67. “Flight” of workers9 a# \) R0 P( J
68. Sanctuary
) g9 ?" K: ^/ W, ]8 b( A 69. Collective disappearance
, F/ d# \9 n2 S* L: O- z( C 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& _/ O. ^+ {8 D, M2 \' u) l G& C3 ?: D# K/ X
, ]5 v3 N# i0 m/ _5 w8 s
/ i/ A' q$ |5 Y. wTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
# J, P f9 U7 x1 J5 g7 a+ T
$ y, \, x8 n/ S1 |$ V/ R
7 R# N1 _% [; R* x+ @2 GActions by Consumers
0 F! H6 f/ l& ]7 U5 S 71. Consumers’ boycott5 a/ p) u$ ?0 c: O f2 h
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 h! i: C p1 M/ W' y
73. Policy of austerity$ i& W2 R% q: V7 ^! B) I/ o
74. Rent withholding o6 r9 g6 H( |; _) u ?
75. Refusal to rent
1 j" h/ H4 R& C) d5 a( Z3 u 76. National consumers’ boycott
0 I) Q/ S( N1 M; k 77. International consumers’ boycott" ~" h: A, X. ]. `7 p; G2 k
l3 a& F+ I5 d$ g8 x# W
Action by Workers and Producers
" c, a5 V2 ^. W) \- y 78. Workmen’s boycott
4 J% R. p# F6 H3 p, M! W 79. Producers’ boycott9 {3 @; W+ O6 e, p g. U9 \
/ n: g6 t) V5 a: b5 qAction by Middlemen
. H3 y+ W1 B; S+ l 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott* P8 a1 ]4 f% D9 Q9 F: A/ S: N
6 |. u) e; ^& `! c2 J, p
Action by Owners and Management* D, d9 ~6 W5 e- w2 G
81. Traders’ boycott
" \: A/ {7 h" [; ^( D) E 82. Refusal to let or sell property( T& y% T) O8 N( ~3 D7 [) ~
83. Lockout/ {# ?3 t* N! T( [7 U" ]
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
# V6 V* s+ S6 C 85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 m. v2 r: t7 N: V
, V, \6 S; g# U4 ]) B& _Action by Holders of Financial Resources
/ d5 K+ w2 W' ?. k R3 j 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) P! T6 C5 z$ F7 ^3 K( [& I5 Q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; T2 L+ d" S. C
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest/ r) \5 l4 b& r! X+ Y$ n( [
89. Severance of funds and credit
- D2 m# R9 t" j* Q 90. Revenue refusal: n; P; d( C% }0 p! G& B" C2 @
91. Refusal of a government’s money
" K$ z& w. n& C, |
- H7 X9 |& [" O8 {$ u7 \Action by Governments( X2 f1 f2 ]$ X
92. Domestic embargo
6 {- c& O7 U- N" s4 e+ a 93. Blacklisting of traders& k' \# p& p6 e& k( s ~1 {1 p
94. International sellers’ embargo) S! Y8 h- t. v8 q- G' m8 K+ K
95. International buyers’ embargo
6 w4 P+ z6 D; X# z 96. International trade embargo
- J$ b# i, W. l0 G2 q; B h: Q. Z& r" T! s+ I' ?6 @
H- n, A# \ V' _9 p% ^/ t" o/ ?
* i- F$ s: J5 F: `4 rTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
+ [( U5 [) D. d& E7 [' n/ t* F3 k
3 ~/ i* T5 J1 K- m. `8 N+ S
Symbolic Strikes
% B* W" I% o% l8 }: k 97. Protest strike
: _% I2 L% [$ l; U# e: u4 w; z 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)) n' w' M" {# L6 l1 n
6 @$ t) Z4 [5 h, R1 B& [9 q
Agricultural Strikes3 y0 p9 G. D w5 E7 i
99. Peasant strike
) R3 T9 W+ O. E" K 100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 ~; N7 z5 Q1 B* W7 G, R+ w0 e
& J" p, c4 b7 a% h, f& c% ]Strikes by Special Groups9 ?+ R- a4 I* R% C# u# i
101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 e0 o) [- D# l. Q# h7 p 102. Prisoners’ strike
" h- p# K- o' x/ v 103. Craft strike
1 i6 A9 a! p6 Y0 N8 W 104. Professional strike
' H+ ?, E2 W# @" |. b w" |/ y
x. s/ c1 H3 d1 f# GOrdinary Industrial Strikes
7 `4 C! w7 g1 F. B2 w 105. Establishment strike4 E A' J) R4 N$ n, t0 V
106. Industry strike
; R" N5 ]" P. ~( ~ 107. Sympathetic strike
/ j5 k/ I' n5 k, ?. l7 v; d0 O6 j# |! d, h) F7 @
Restricted Strikes C; J: ] m5 h+ {$ ]
108. Detailed strike- ]2 ~* o' T" z+ w8 P
109. Bumper strike0 _, b. N8 |. |4 n
110. Slowdown strike& d" W+ \5 N( o4 H& a
111. Working-to-rule strike
( T* o7 j( N* m; x) l 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! F4 l' K9 g$ X* g0 @# k% y
113. Strike by resignation' }3 C! h! o/ s1 {- l
114. Limited strike
( {. |2 A* {4 |9 ` 115. Selective strike
r+ Z4 K$ c0 q0 ?" c; d( v" h% U- q8 d/ v
Multi-Industry Strikes
5 E: x# t. C8 J [/ \2 ?% ]( _6 p) U2 m0 c" x& X. C
116. Generalized strike/ t4 G6 u+ T# t, h
' _5 a' E2 ^# [1 W 117. General strike! z2 y- s/ V u6 d B! i% N
& L( S3 \" x3 u, g: N
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures# j) `( `+ G9 z! J: F
8 {, D6 Q! p4 y' S2 e 118. Hartal
o+ w. f1 ~" ^
4 ^0 M- j3 T- {7 E/ X/ R 119. Economic shutdown
6 H6 M% h0 l2 O. a
& M3 M" B! d6 |
% y1 w& @/ d8 Q/ o. X: Y* W) z8 u' D: p; L+ }
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
" H% L' C1 k- Q8 l/ a9 |. E2 B) v
' a5 V' H, |( r& u- l2 [; @2 n. gRejection of Authority
2 T* A$ y9 \; s# e: x 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& a1 L9 B" d8 R& Q9 K
121. Refusal of public support( H& Y) I7 E' X: p1 _. _+ x6 `
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
, g& y H5 H- h! g" ]( C/ S$ i$ b) c7 a0 I6 F
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
- q Z( @6 Y/ _+ O" M" D 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 V; g- g" B2 }% O$ ~* h& u+ ~ 124. Boycott of elections/ r3 r6 y1 l7 r ?! J
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 a9 b3 a( g6 L+ m$ l 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 H& t8 d+ U% p- G 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" K2 }* s* `+ r, y' r# A
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; d- _7 g1 x$ o% S9 U* Q9 {
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 E/ K x, H' L. a/ g 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% u1 y1 L S- }3 J2 @ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) m3 Z1 ?; K. s& A; n( {# V- B% Z, ~. W( D 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
! }& T9 C0 d# R0 [1 y' i4 Y' u3 _( {6 o4 W' |' K. C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience( S2 t2 q3 b6 M& B/ v: e4 K
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- z3 R, O2 |6 o9 [# M6 N% Z6 J 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 a( A$ A; B6 u8 _9 Z' x4 E
135. Popular nonobedience
) B! d+ u( g, l: j% u% D 136. Disguised disobedience a% b5 T2 \8 F* Z: |1 p* K, i
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( L) w3 N) g! Q
138. Sitdown
" j9 T8 M6 u- G& a7 Y0 ] 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 `6 {) I8 p E0 O8 m d
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ O# C6 c/ [5 r4 r. U) q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 E' K) d9 x% w' X* Q9 J( `; R7 L: ~) M6 ~- j. p
Action by Government Personnel6 T8 i# r8 |& R- ?+ C1 L
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. h! w6 I. @- w% S$ U1 h; P
143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 `1 O( E9 v0 c7 q- H) Y1 {% ?
144. Stalling and obstruction
) @4 d7 U, l& i+ A8 m N 145. General administrative noncooperation! s5 r; S i- s7 C
2 U- t. j4 k6 ~) R4 `. X1 u
146. Judicial noncooperation. @) w/ R/ O; U7 F) L
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 X+ j2 `" b8 N" b 148. Mutiny7 R- `* x( \; P* d* g. V
Domestic Governmental Action
* h$ Q D/ q0 P 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 e' G, A0 r- P: B1 x% u 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. a/ i- ]4 F% C- t" |, g" q# @6 i7 e9 V. K0 m. \8 y
International Governmental Action. p+ p$ R) \: d/ q! d8 s
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 Z* \. |4 M6 }; Y
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 H# T B% I7 l9 g3 B8 Z
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: @5 L% [7 R5 _* d! ~& _; g& N 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 y7 X$ C& Z8 W' d. R& h 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ ~$ k4 v+ D/ d, X9 Q0 P' `" ~ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. t. @: O' g; Z; S 157. Expulsion from international organizations' S$ r- R1 O* [
( K" S h# Y. O3 q
( @% i! f! a$ u5 X/ O
5 T/ n5 i( r$ ]& L j( mTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 e; c+ }# w) ?( O1 t+ u* w& q
8 S0 o+ E! b# [$ [" g
9 s8 H- Y7 n" A: i. o; s. w0 k3 W5 l+ b4 KPsychological Intervention) m+ w% o/ c2 z7 [" f
158. Self-exposure to the elements0 M& P" W! @5 k" W; t$ ?. D( v" k
159. The fast9 Y8 M5 ]* t* Y Z" h) C: m
a) Fast of moral pressure, G2 } E0 `9 z+ C$ g7 l( v
b) Hunger strike. J# F0 F+ q! n3 g7 E
c) Satyagrahic fast
1 K; S. S4 ~5 s8 S$ { 160. Reverse trial4 p. L5 r( d; z
161. Nonviolent harassment2 H R1 O! J# c
2 B! c% i* R6 I' N3 q' N; @3 Q! m' @
Physical Intervention6 U7 y5 o2 ]9 F$ J* b3 E" K; [' Z1 j9 W
162. Sit-in
% k5 s8 [/ a: [- { 163. Stand-in
. \ {1 B( }8 O 164. Ride-in' O7 q2 c5 Y+ l2 y- l
165. Wade-in2 P* ^. x0 A' d& p* G
166. Mill-in( [( W; l W9 s/ n% I- R
167. Pray-in* d5 |5 i9 d3 b3 s/ @% i# Q
168. Nonviolent raids# c7 B0 G& |$ U6 }0 p9 N. b
169. Nonviolent air raids
p: N' q1 k; U. N) J9 Y 170. Nonviolent invasion- Q+ G# I N% x3 d' F+ D' k/ \
171. Nonviolent interjection
9 o3 v0 p! _0 T# T. Y H6 Y0 q 172. Nonviolent obstruction
% w4 F4 s* p# w0 B9 {% B* E( { 173. Nonviolent occupation
( W3 q: v& X2 V& `/ O- y1 ~
) J2 |' _" {. i- ^Social Intervention8 @& b) L+ D) R) I0 q- G
174. Establishing new social patterns% S! X; B+ Z7 Q) Z; f0 L
175. Overloading of facilities
7 c E1 Y \+ J: ^9 \* h/ N$ J 176. Stall-in8 C9 g2 `# P' @) E; H3 e5 r* L2 r2 I
177. Speak-in; H) H9 b7 V; c* a: f3 i
178. Guerrilla theater
& M* \% l0 ~, M/ I8 M& t1 g* w" { 179. Alternative social institutions: }% t4 |3 h* v. j8 }! f
180. Alternative communication system
5 Y, G( T7 P8 ?% p3 I" A0 m) Y6 i( N) G
* m, U- n5 D# QEconomic Intervention$ @, Q: ^8 R+ p0 e$ P6 W, D
181. Reverse strike$ g# g }5 c2 |/ ~1 T) \+ P
182. Stay-in strike1 X" m( v7 n* l0 y' p+ a! H
183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 l" a- y; I* a* ~8 [: S7 w 184. Defiance of blockades# l7 ~4 f4 a$ A( H
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 J) n. Q Q- e! Z 186. Preclusive purchasing
% h; F8 }- @8 b 187. Seizure of assets
2 W% o7 y. h5 {+ V: j, ~ 188. Dumping
( b' u- H' v9 ~1 q9 y; v% L 189. Selective patronage
7 X) d/ c4 X- w# N; |1 F4 ~3 R! I 190. Alternative markets
4 ]8 ]3 I2 U; X3 x/ i 191. Alternative transportation systems
' C3 Z) b+ U8 S+ \ 192. Alternative economic institutions5 O. {4 d, f7 q G
& A" U7 @8 x, s8 c: |Political Intervention* R7 S! F/ a& K+ o2 A
193. Overloading of administrative systems
5 i- N3 i: @ U; r( `' j l 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 F0 x3 y( M0 `% m
195. Seeking imprisonment4 i' [8 h6 z9 X: c i
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: n) H$ Z: Y4 H9 |+ \/ h* z 197. Work-on without collaboration
0 u6 ` n1 _8 n: @6 Q3 W1 q* m 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. N6 I% b4 k; {. [! m N
% C' j% u- ]+ x4 U& F Q; k# F |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
