 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- D2 K0 G1 h" `& H+ w% ^: jFormal Statements
7 i% D3 u0 Q% G5 e' g 1. Public Speeches# \8 i& `- q$ g8 H
2. Letters of opposition or support: c M+ _* ] [. o
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 R+ n7 M) r' V, f1 {$ V 4. Signed public statements# x6 Z: |8 d1 z. Z1 a2 N l
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 e3 V* f' H Z3 m 6. Group or mass petitions- Z3 c0 p. r. ^. D5 {- X
4 c/ f* F4 {' [$ }8 t" _
Communications with a Wider Audience, |+ ^1 K; k1 G3 _0 [- g
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 P5 a" H0 p9 T0 D 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications T4 J% K* O. d- {) A+ _* K% P
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# v& Z3 {4 B1 R0 i. \
10. Newspapers and journals) T! Y+ B/ @0 N4 ^' }7 Q1 q& y
11. Records, radio, and television
" X8 n0 `! x+ f+ u1 B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting% z, u. }7 J# b& y' p7 \" y
* j' h8 S- f3 T( k1 D1 N5 _. m- p
Group Representations' M/ K) h2 P( s5 a9 L; S) p. V5 i
13. Deputations
5 `6 Q! ?7 z1 ?# w: L4 ?; p% i 14. Mock awards7 [ h: r% d6 C2 }7 O$ K4 S. W
15. Group lobbying: s+ ]0 K" `* a2 ?
16. Picketing
) n4 G6 U/ \% I 17. Mock elections
6 r) D6 h# P1 J7 J/ i; g0 ^+ J& g/ F8 G8 ?/ b: J/ k' B/ ?
Symbolic Public Acts
' _2 A5 }6 r/ X( f- Q, t 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
r( w3 n6 d8 T' ~% L2 r! W 19. Wearing of symbols
* F2 J, L: d: C: H) C$ f- S: c" b 20. Prayer and worship7 ]# F5 o" f5 j. e+ \! I1 c8 k/ y
21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ }& w4 ^ V6 X' r( J 22. Protest disrobings
. t( _$ h% [9 C# |. |; L: n# ] 23. Destruction of own property
& n$ x5 O5 M( E+ w7 w, k4 w 24. Symbolic lights7 s/ y$ T$ T0 ^* t
25. Displays of portraits
! T [0 i9 u. q4 D( Q+ Q' Y 26. Paint as protest
. F+ x* c+ q2 f- a3 M 27. New signs and names2 R" J1 c) C2 L0 | B
28. Symbolic sounds7 D. t6 @: o' \7 [$ Z4 v
29. Symbolic reclamations
. Y9 A; u) }5 X) R1 U; P$ K 30. Rude gestures4 W7 Z6 s K8 R0 w7 Q
# V( l6 Z! {: m6 l
Pressures on Individuals3 C( L* O y" m" z( H2 E; K+ M; Y& X8 z
31. “Haunting” officials
! `; D7 F( f' a Y+ }, h0 V3 d0 q 32. Taunting officials
4 W0 V) m3 s: m1 C: I: d2 A 33. Fraternization% e9 w4 O1 X6 G/ @* K
34. Vigils
) E8 a' z( c% D+ w1 E
1 o/ Q) Z# } Z5 M RDrama and Music
- S5 I% P9 K w! u/ k6 P* J 35. Humorous skits and pranks( s4 ^! I6 s& h+ c1 l- E, d
36. Performances of plays and music
- T% {6 K7 k7 x2 F' t# M 37. Singing
9 f% C( S0 v z- _, H i" S& W) R* d
Processions$ _+ p6 l- a! U) C4 j7 ~3 a: w
38. Marches
% _* |' J- P3 }- v3 [3 Q1 \ 39. Parades. g0 V- i. A) x7 b' i& j
40. Religious processions, J; r) Q) V x7 d0 j, U
41. Pilgrimages
8 O- @/ T& d+ ^, I8 I: _ 42. Motorcades
4 V: E0 e r" r3 s/ j: T! r
5 n3 K. @( S- z- g& B1 W. y; x7 vHonoring the Dead
6 V* q, S6 \3 i+ J5 }& |+ {" C 43. Political mourning
+ N( s, N. h% Q 44. Mock funerals0 t' _0 t! U: {
45. Demonstrative funerals6 v6 C( g; a+ x; r) H/ X( y
46. Homage at burial places* J" u: J5 O a" O( B. I- O$ J! j, K
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Public Assemblies% M! ]# j) a- |& p
47. Assemblies of protest or support# E+ h6 f' b& F
48. Protest meetings
4 g; {; V8 g! p# }$ d 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
z/ _. \( |( ]8 i% i 50. Teach-ins8 H" i; Y. Q4 j8 }* Y; b6 E
0 v& a+ Y2 o7 G5 g; \( p
Withdrawal and Renunciation
$ v+ N$ B/ J# y7 q! H 51. Walk-outs
9 E7 o$ ]- I- Y/ ~% a6 E 52. Silence
, G9 K+ y4 X6 j- g" [( _5 t 53. Renouncing honors
9 N1 ^2 ^6 f" f4 b6 v1 g 54. Turning one’s back- n: R7 M" Y7 ^- |
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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H9 F, y. B3 g4 {/ B: n+ A
. S9 D* M9 ]: y8 x- `3 a4 q3 R+ H! Q) b" G) x5 j& j& D
Ostracism of Persons
6 [0 Y' W8 h9 ]4 ?% @ 55. Social boycott `7 |( m& N% _1 z
56. Selective social boycott- L9 H" @9 j" t8 F0 p
57. Lysistratic nonaction
9 L! ~3 f( x- I- N$ h" e* \ 58. Excommunication
: [! m. h2 t0 G0 ]" q# u 59. Interdict- f. ?: b* ]6 l' D; z! w
; s3 b' W4 ?4 S6 A ^* \Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ P/ ?; j# g& \* C
60. Suspension of social and sports activities! d% Z+ x1 [0 Q# ~* z4 s5 b) E
61. Boycott of social affairs$ ?% T# Z6 {' v. @* N/ u4 b$ t
62. Student strike
8 I. x& L' R4 i8 Z 63. Social disobedience/ a, Z+ A; Q6 D9 f7 d$ B7 M+ f
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 h2 f) R8 ^! j) D
7 i9 R1 N4 c, c$ h( g+ |1 k! |Withdrawal from the Social System- i4 ]. N+ S) r8 c: G& D$ f* q8 `
65. Stay-at-home
; x4 @* T8 ]. o4 u* A 66. Total personal noncooperation! j( @. u, ~- D. z) z/ ]3 A% T
67. “Flight” of workers9 @/ G: S. d9 w' S4 {" j
68. Sanctuary
w4 E, u- C' ?) ^% x% {0 Z 69. Collective disappearance+ v0 n k% p @( b/ H" j
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& P+ q& b: E3 b' Z
' @4 `: I* O$ i/ e1 S* c; [ 0 b, w# G2 H- z( Q. z( W5 |6 Z; y/ ^
& R8 v0 r; W" t- v; n- L$ [: XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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2 [' m( U$ q" `Actions by Consumers2 L i; W1 S; ]+ e. R3 ?7 A
71. Consumers’ boycott
7 }9 b2 u. Q/ B! L! @4 R+ F/ D 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods K ]: _1 k( {* r
73. Policy of austerity
d/ |3 I, m) _2 x 74. Rent withholding
6 ] L. ?1 b! i/ Q! j 75. Refusal to rent# f2 a5 c8 T- z' ]+ _
76. National consumers’ boycott- W' g4 D, M W$ g8 u! p0 r' O; `) {
77. International consumers’ boycott
5 q' R5 b2 l1 M
4 s T/ b( M3 F& k. J+ zAction by Workers and Producers
5 T3 f W# Y/ m: c. j4 i7 o* ?7 S 78. Workmen’s boycott
5 _" i( M3 ~4 d: x0 g 79. Producers’ boycott
8 X8 j1 P: B% |0 k/ ]
' d9 Z @% J# f' [Action by Middlemen
2 e9 A8 X3 j1 X" r4 [" Z, ?: _. [ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott8 j; @* F& y0 O, H
* u) t g% k+ V' _0 r' YAction by Owners and Management( X! a V' \9 H* k- ^; r, X3 K9 k
81. Traders’ boycott2 U- G ~, u$ W- T0 R7 J4 J
82. Refusal to let or sell property
( K$ n9 m0 Q/ }8 D 83. Lockout8 L3 v' g: U2 I# u! E& Q( v
84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 P9 ]' a% @' u4 z! |# n
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
3 u0 X5 N8 c! W# a) ^
% v# d* A, Z4 ~2 OAction by Holders of Financial Resources
/ A# R' ^( y! L 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
$ e" l8 G) T6 R8 P, l- N! I 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ q3 I9 y6 U8 L/ h, \0 F7 ]/ j
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 r6 c9 [& v k& Y
89. Severance of funds and credit8 V# n1 `- ?4 O% F
90. Revenue refusal
' l1 v4 e, V4 l+ O- a 91. Refusal of a government’s money
G& k" i: n4 `4 _$ ~! A P% l7 _, T, x8 R) q
Action by Governments5 S, Y- Q6 O( b) }/ Y9 [
92. Domestic embargo5 U1 m2 J U$ }$ s+ H' [) H
93. Blacklisting of traders
7 P# U; g. @$ y! { 94. International sellers’ embargo
. [' x' s7 N7 ^) @9 V; q8 ? 95. International buyers’ embargo9 [7 m1 ]% A1 j( N9 k
96. International trade embargo
* C; S3 c. r- m& s9 O1 U1 y0 K) f6 o: c) e2 |- ^
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; j( |2 \# B$ b0 G- t6 c3 bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
8 W4 t! X- b: H+ M: ~ 97. Protest strike
' |) o3 `- `) {' N) n2 v$ N 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# I# j1 f! ]0 ]* G/ w; H' T
- z' L1 G. _7 ?8 l% @
Agricultural Strikes; g! g/ D+ D, H w) ~
99. Peasant strike# e5 c( E$ _4 @. I4 O9 e7 ~/ o
100. Farm Workers’ strike8 `* `, B: {' s) b' H9 G
2 f* ~3 U) J: e) q' z
Strikes by Special Groups; C7 m! a; Z& j4 Z/ K( X
101. Refusal of impressed labor& a: H0 ?5 b$ b& Q2 D, S
102. Prisoners’ strike
- }2 |7 X& ?! M+ g$ R6 i, ~3 { 103. Craft strike
, |! t* r4 a+ p* S- M 104. Professional strike
$ r2 B* t* v: V0 b( S# D# g! W0 X' d) V2 ~/ E7 O
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
* J) J4 R2 ^ z3 |8 D: k A- u6 w 105. Establishment strike1 A+ O2 v3 m5 l& v
106. Industry strike: ^9 E% l; D( ~* p6 r; {1 y0 E# j6 q" c
107. Sympathetic strike/ k" _) J8 z! g$ d/ E4 O, s; n d6 |
4 O ^( b }& f4 p j+ tRestricted Strikes0 Z6 J4 x9 A+ k- u. V
108. Detailed strike2 d6 V0 U( C$ Y
109. Bumper strike
; a9 W) t! v) y. h% z. C; \( \, @ 110. Slowdown strike+ u0 D$ Q9 {2 c! N
111. Working-to-rule strike
" s" ?4 {) b. X7 M( T 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" w8 U: y; B D- A$ p/ ~ 113. Strike by resignation
, l& S7 U/ ^3 y% C 114. Limited strike
# Z# p* _& e1 ~ 115. Selective strike
D; d& m8 R/ x% [7 g/ e/ F8 ^0 z4 T( T# V6 X0 ]9 ]8 r
Multi-Industry Strikes# q- v- V8 W; @8 s$ j
8 w; \0 U! R6 S- S& @1 @, ]+ P 116. Generalized strike1 @9 y% p# Q, ~: {/ \# F
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117. General strike
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+ X9 N4 V8 S7 w T BCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
7 [ B! H+ n; J( x4 L, Z8 K2 d0 g8 H2 B
119. Economic shutdown
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6 U# a" l( ]0 l& H! X ; | |5 h- b# F x* u" i
1 f; C+ m1 U/ E# C1 W+ F" gTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
; L: T: q4 k* ]5 S/ S7 \, O { 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance4 a) n7 f6 A G9 P( O8 r Z9 l1 \+ j
121. Refusal of public support
/ W1 ]0 h0 O# `* W: c 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
Z, K$ ~9 L7 o5 l: w+ H6 |7 I
9 k6 x6 y4 x: @' ?: N' F8 `Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! r& y" w" {: S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies* @1 a8 A: ?, [# {* J
124. Boycott of elections
4 `4 t2 _3 _6 }% F2 U 125. Boycott of government employment and positions; D+ n9 G+ |+ r$ X5 j. ^
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: D. E4 S2 }1 `3 a( R 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, t" h- T8 o. b5 Y, J
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 x) i7 F# R- F# a 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents1 D) p1 E) u T% i! C" m0 J
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks% v5 o1 z% R1 H/ ]5 ~
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# D' V8 m6 m/ Z9 U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
* t- h: k$ \! y: g
) {; ]* h1 T# A$ }) Q/ ]- PCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
E/ ` ]$ u1 L7 D# } g 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* s/ N' h* Y$ D$ A/ Y2 s# P$ ^ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# G$ t0 G6 M' V 135. Popular nonobedience( a4 {) |, t* |, i" l/ [7 h0 `9 l
136. Disguised disobedience
# M0 \) g6 V+ [$ j5 W1 P X3 z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
h6 u/ n# \) C2 i0 D4 ] 138. Sitdown
8 I9 n, z6 n& Q& Z6 ?; H! R 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 P: `4 k/ o2 t( C& j& C0 G8 E6 ?* ?
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ N8 \/ D. w. y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' J7 x7 g! c) m, B% m
: _. k! z# t3 ^, k9 x* f/ r* \Action by Government Personnel
s) s$ b0 G! j0 X9 z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 F( K, |$ @* M- R a7 o
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! M3 B4 h9 V/ w6 `8 v/ B 144. Stalling and obstruction
! t! R8 h9 f5 a9 D$ C 145. General administrative noncooperation4 B' Q, h! ?- l; K! @
8 }: Z5 I r8 _7 B" o! K0 V/ a 146. Judicial noncooperation
6 l& V) l! Y7 ?& y5 j* ~ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( C _, g" z2 j3 ^
148. Mutiny/ d( E9 j" E9 U( V/ Z
Domestic Governmental Action
4 A) U# z/ g5 b- W! b# I 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
$ |4 C$ Q4 d- J 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: c" J( Y" X4 N6 }+ y9 ^$ c
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International Governmental Action' s G5 }1 d1 q! p" ~5 n, T" c* Y
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 K0 C4 k! J/ F) r4 b
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events* g( U( S* }& t* n' |! [) U" g
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. j& p- u# B5 p5 J% a* P
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. I) Z' O* C) U, z0 q, g! \! K% p 155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ u( k [) s6 A: Y* M4 H
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
2 Y0 u( \4 i- z. E7 J! s1 A 157. Expulsion from international organizations( O' t/ T' {. v- @% v: a( ?7 d+ _
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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# w. m/ Q* g4 sPsychological Intervention
; h1 V2 }9 `& f2 y3 f2 Q7 M 158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ Y5 t4 x% U' D5 r* ^9 e 159. The fast
2 z1 m; d9 N4 p7 ` a) Fast of moral pressure0 R/ B6 n* I: }4 _ k+ Z% W% P& D) y
b) Hunger strike
/ _ V' M- U. _+ `2 u c) Satyagrahic fast
8 I) x5 C) ?& @4 L9 V6 F. [ 160. Reverse trial
. M8 v6 B2 w( u& i, z7 a 161. Nonviolent harassment+ A3 b, I7 R0 k+ A/ \3 W
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Physical Intervention
7 a9 ~3 a/ D% ^ F 162. Sit-in
, M5 P' s, F, C; K# ?3 p4 V 163. Stand-in
& g- c6 ~% g j- m. H$ { 164. Ride-in
; r" v) Y K+ ~) Z/ m; D' n 165. Wade-in
) f, g7 J) ~# ?- Q ^) H# W 166. Mill-in. v" ?+ P% O0 L8 \
167. Pray-in. [9 C7 @* l, G9 C& b8 p
168. Nonviolent raids+ i$ z! z( n3 p1 `& c# D* C
169. Nonviolent air raids
& z) O& h4 `6 O/ U 170. Nonviolent invasion
# t0 X M0 t$ s9 e 171. Nonviolent interjection
/ }- V; |) [7 z8 j; Z 172. Nonviolent obstruction( |% _+ o* {( ?0 u
173. Nonviolent occupation9 k [' W# x1 k+ e# m: H/ H4 s3 R
# |( v Z+ O8 TSocial Intervention# l" w% ?4 M$ P
174. Establishing new social patterns' a4 ~8 Z5 o" `4 w; t
175. Overloading of facilities
8 X! `* _3 |6 P, U( Q0 L2 W 176. Stall-in
) ?. n# Y- c0 {( F 177. Speak-in- p7 }' e6 i, z, F" w/ a! D
178. Guerrilla theater/ \+ m' R3 i% {
179. Alternative social institutions) {' O# ` w; [
180. Alternative communication system( c& [; w' K0 [$ g: B
/ {; O! S" K0 w* W7 G8 |4 Q5 W" [$ `Economic Intervention
0 K$ v, f5 O3 ^+ L& X( h: M+ ~5 l 181. Reverse strike
3 I/ K1 q( m: S5 o/ J5 ~ 182. Stay-in strike
$ B0 j( [1 @; x; Y. q3 }6 t 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' d9 m" M4 i$ y, G t+ @+ ]6 h 184. Defiance of blockades2 q' q0 _- p: }
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* s$ g8 ^+ }& G0 `$ W3 d/ O
186. Preclusive purchasing
1 U% _2 }( X0 ?& f+ K w 187. Seizure of assets
; J8 C5 Z. { D0 Q$ \/ B: o 188. Dumping
$ i4 s1 v! l5 o# _3 _" H8 n 189. Selective patronage! d) k: v; A4 K- ]
190. Alternative markets: o2 k7 ?5 r7 \- X% E& H8 x
191. Alternative transportation systems
% d8 E1 i; T# d3 b5 m5 K# P 192. Alternative economic institutions
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9 I( P- N; f: w' p4 a6 g& e v9 oPolitical Intervention1 U$ c1 W; c/ ]5 p
193. Overloading of administrative systems
. w o0 i a: C* q3 z1 x3 J0 \ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 N" p! W- i3 p+ f3 c A5 D 195. Seeking imprisonment
. P5 q& X$ }7 @" X8 \6 s 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws- o8 q% r+ |- u# j
197. Work-on without collaboration# d8 Y$ r x) M' a7 ~
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
