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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: H4 r! M5 o- Z
Formal Statements
% s+ V) S! _4 b3 B& m9 V 1. Public Speeches1 p! b2 k1 B5 U0 M: v7 i, F1 ?
2. Letters of opposition or support
; A& y7 m! E9 r3 Q' t 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! Q% {! `+ c4 T( x3 S 4. Signed public statements
s8 a' e. q/ B" M' F 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) M! T' F3 N) e. _+ G 6. Group or mass petitions3 l* A- N3 K' ?8 u; Y
) @" m4 k+ Z8 o4 ^( {5 A/ ]8 E2 jCommunications with a Wider Audience
* _. H* P# P9 r* X. x* D 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" E% i) z) K; K* ]" ^ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. T7 g( q: g2 z0 S+ l {) K. |, W 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books' Y3 y6 X# e8 j+ ^1 D- z: Y8 I' h
10. Newspapers and journals
5 m" ]/ m; |: T. y* W 11. Records, radio, and television
9 u/ Q+ x4 T4 G+ F" _ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
U% [1 c8 T: e0 P: g) I7 ^+ k) N
Group Representations& R8 `4 n$ a: }7 [$ {
13. Deputations
9 |- L: T2 ?$ n$ ?; m0 K 14. Mock awards
9 B1 H* {2 @$ `: N1 P 15. Group lobbying
7 W( A! U# s1 g) T 16. Picketing
) r+ G! e/ }6 f8 y8 ^( f: I& x 17. Mock elections
8 @2 |( s% {) T& A; P3 U# u% V- }: F2 U- \* u9 ?+ R2 E9 O e& P
Symbolic Public Acts
; u3 d) ?2 J0 o! E 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors! @ X# Z: o1 r( d
19. Wearing of symbols
% d! y e9 z4 M* E 20. Prayer and worship
! e7 D9 H g( @" x: g: t) q 21. Delivering symbolic objects7 T+ i2 h( V" V" w$ a0 s6 n2 r: \+ I
22. Protest disrobings7 S& o1 v0 x+ v f
23. Destruction of own property
- m& Q- L, U' e+ ^7 H 24. Symbolic lights4 q1 F5 M- ]- l: r6 b' G
25. Displays of portraits
! v; a; s' c0 c6 k: | 26. Paint as protest
5 S7 l9 M4 F4 ~3 g, q+ L6 Z8 i& } 27. New signs and names; a& f1 s- Q' o0 F6 O8 q& f
28. Symbolic sounds6 [" C# B6 c$ y' i) p7 `
29. Symbolic reclamations3 n% O& a/ e+ D# {/ X
30. Rude gestures7 P4 }7 l1 M* p# Z
1 c+ Z/ n8 C0 V' SPressures on Individuals' v9 X9 z7 Z3 P1 P3 J3 ?7 s. O
31. “Haunting” officials1 p1 [+ d' `; }) X/ T3 i8 |; [
32. Taunting officials
. x5 D9 L9 s1 ~ 33. Fraternization* Y+ `) _1 W0 t- h% o4 }
34. Vigils
, ]3 K# T& H* L& V- ?( o$ Q6 W' V9 Z
Drama and Music
1 {0 w( j$ ?5 T z/ L7 I A- a 35. Humorous skits and pranks" k( ]9 E& \- k3 V1 I! S
36. Performances of plays and music, N# ~6 U* ?* M/ C( p+ @- B( r: P
37. Singing
6 z W: O9 O b9 D" _5 o
2 N, ~# ^! C' W( Q& WProcessions* Y6 |1 K3 s: h1 [
38. Marches B p% x1 s' K5 V5 a
39. Parades
8 B& F) P0 B$ H3 S7 Q 40. Religious processions$ r$ \9 t4 M; q& i X6 p1 k+ M) b
41. Pilgrimages
* H* C# G# [2 I) R7 _3 u6 D 42. Motorcades6 [, p4 d% L$ y
# g% @% K& c$ i% Z; M* fHonoring the Dead! A" e( R c1 J; h& A Y$ {
43. Political mourning" @- [. [. ]& Y
44. Mock funerals6 ?( M5 n& N ^
45. Demonstrative funerals
6 a0 s6 v' R+ P 46. Homage at burial places
2 \2 \' C) w5 S( X0 Q. u& g& M e2 A: p# U
Public Assemblies
6 L$ ]0 C7 R8 B) ^7 N5 w; W 47. Assemblies of protest or support
- W) r; C' r h. G3 l. o 48. Protest meetings* J7 c7 g3 Z$ C4 `4 w( g
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 W& d" w: s, F 50. Teach-ins, ~5 K/ n* h: s6 \$ d
! O6 C3 P5 m ]! Z
Withdrawal and Renunciation5 K' l2 b+ L- d9 ]% x. e
51. Walk-outs
+ Y; ~( [" _" |+ H 52. Silence
3 o4 S8 V l0 l& a3 s 53. Renouncing honors& Q5 u) f2 D: b3 i4 V
54. Turning one’s back2 }+ x, E8 {( C* p
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" X7 \) F% S8 U/ e+ g) A, jTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 S7 a( p5 D4 u) J( v
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Ostracism of Persons
9 L4 a7 B* E# }1 _% M 55. Social boycott4 g0 m+ A% u4 q. v4 `
56. Selective social boycott
# J2 h% e2 {' L( p. X. P* T 57. Lysistratic nonaction2 j1 {1 z; H9 S+ T9 H5 Q: b
58. Excommunication
1 p9 k l/ A& ^. N 59. Interdict
9 r1 e) J+ G+ d, V( K7 ~ Y) }; V) Y k6 ^# o* ^9 W: V" D4 D
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions9 y% b3 Y$ o- X+ E, F
60. Suspension of social and sports activities, e- v" E- q/ {% l8 Z3 V
61. Boycott of social affairs
7 ~( s/ ?. q6 {! C4 d 62. Student strike
- s X3 l& \/ `5 ^/ e 63. Social disobedience' G; Z2 `( y- |- G* Z+ |( N
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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Withdrawal from the Social System
. W" H5 ]7 D) g1 i0 r5 P& B5 u& n9 ? 65. Stay-at-home
. |/ m4 L8 r4 b 66. Total personal noncooperation5 `9 s5 i4 b, w- Y! k+ L
67. “Flight” of workers
* C, u: m& A6 P5 {) m, B 68. Sanctuary: L7 a- ]* D1 N! T5 [" y
69. Collective disappearance
6 \8 l) \* E7 ]. z- n: b$ G 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ i0 D4 M6 t1 m' Q" A
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
; U! n+ X( U# M+ N% ~- Y 71. Consumers’ boycott7 r8 X t' ]1 o8 k3 K
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
w2 A1 r' u H, J 73. Policy of austerity% g- t5 l% n4 h
74. Rent withholding
* t1 z# k# R3 z/ m 75. Refusal to rent8 V; ]# _! _0 B
76. National consumers’ boycott
" P5 f2 R6 T- | 77. International consumers’ boycott
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( B/ T4 s s# lAction by Workers and Producers& |4 Y3 n* ~, J2 R% M* c0 R
78. Workmen’s boycott3 J+ ], n( V0 M. ]: ~& d
79. Producers’ boycott
8 s" g$ c( U% ~ k3 W
* L( d9 z* s1 qAction by Middlemen) X# {0 Z' q$ Z' c
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott N2 }1 q; G" E3 i
6 |' v1 {1 O- i: l; h* Z( r0 {
Action by Owners and Management
8 f3 }- V- R6 h" j5 v1 z! ] 81. Traders’ boycott
4 n* J; D3 m: ?6 b 82. Refusal to let or sell property# |5 L( `0 \6 L
83. Lockout
, R, }/ ^0 q) w6 _8 |! w& c) z$ { 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
6 O- m/ d& E+ T; V1 l# j 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 E0 o2 K$ D! l, F7 R! J* D% [; K7 J- O, |: b: m9 ?0 l# p% H" p
Action by Holders of Financial Resources0 t9 x/ U8 j7 l7 } t7 i
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits0 l) l- T, @; i! z' q& z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: p7 p+ b9 y6 ]) E" X9 R/ \ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest7 H- C; W3 K4 @! P8 U& u7 W- x
89. Severance of funds and credit
6 L6 S4 k- J4 W0 [8 V0 Y+ p" y 90. Revenue refusal
- @9 n! \8 u7 x" Y) a) a9 ]1 o 91. Refusal of a government’s money' B3 J8 a- n; h0 Y/ ?5 E
2 ]* n. T9 U$ @' W
Action by Governments
, Z0 ?# x$ f. ^* v% q( w" w 92. Domestic embargo
9 G3 s9 O2 m5 n, V 93. Blacklisting of traders9 G& i- }" q3 ~; Z+ m
94. International sellers’ embargo
" Y0 ?0 v+ X$ p1 k/ x/ J 95. International buyers’ embargo
; e5 B7 N3 ]# {, h `) M 96. International trade embargo
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* t: _7 U) Z# Y* O& PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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# w: v9 A$ h1 Q- _2 JSymbolic Strikes
M% ?( L% J! T 97. Protest strike
8 e0 s( }" p! {3 v! p 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). K7 f# N; |9 p0 |
) n$ U) \' ?0 p8 f6 O* H/ y ]
Agricultural Strikes7 U& ]' R$ t- L
99. Peasant strike
+ k( r( A% A9 v4 _) y0 c% y" Z, | 100. Farm Workers’ strike8 I. c, D z) L% Z2 j, \1 L6 w2 `
& n! s; w$ [* ?! f+ ?
Strikes by Special Groups
0 y* L0 I+ _9 T+ Z* m 101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 G! \+ R0 q4 o1 s1 K: C 102. Prisoners’ strike
; N4 k% M0 V0 _4 S& K i 103. Craft strike! E) l6 \# X Q N( Z$ a
104. Professional strike
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6 [1 v$ f$ l$ A/ |$ jOrdinary Industrial Strikes* ? B1 A B, }. V
105. Establishment strike6 j( g. Z6 d( v+ j* ?- n; `
106. Industry strike
: o; l4 ~: V. ^( q 107. Sympathetic strike, L# h1 V! c; q0 W
) ]* _; ?4 v# ^! X& ?Restricted Strikes3 f' m+ g8 v! K1 `8 K0 N* d
108. Detailed strike
) C' a0 m9 m9 x( [$ Q' B; F* N8 t3 \ 109. Bumper strike( s1 K4 l1 O' U& y; B1 O' Z
110. Slowdown strike) [8 K6 b$ M3 ^, G( j
111. Working-to-rule strike
! G, u& Y' [, A( g 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)5 a B1 r' ?! T/ K% } s
113. Strike by resignation' d4 k* k5 O0 a J* O7 ^
114. Limited strike
5 @0 x1 L3 N3 C3 d/ l8 F6 T 115. Selective strike
K/ _0 s0 @4 F+ k. C5 R6 s: b
, d/ c/ o r8 J6 k. c1 yMulti-Industry Strikes6 v' F; T( p2 q$ M' d
( r; w8 A4 E+ I2 C- x G 116. Generalized strike: V( R% Q9 B4 d! {+ P
# A* |. ^$ B* k5 Y/ j 117. General strike- I' @- h0 q W! q2 j @5 y6 @+ i
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures! g7 M: c7 P* i+ s
2 ^( a' k0 s; }: ?" |$ c* b! i
118. Hartal
6 h* I( j0 q1 ^) l8 y
9 A+ T3 k0 v: X( D9 Q: F 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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2 n) c+ a, e% k( u, R+ ~' ?5 |% I0 H H/ fRejection of Authority
0 |: b) x: C, W& T. l: ? 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% [- [1 y8 @/ K4 A/ w: v
121. Refusal of public support& e0 r1 |, W& C( n" p9 i) t' M7 |: \ o
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government% _! u: @2 e) H8 Q' D$ g
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 @% o4 [, J2 I. F
124. Boycott of elections
. K9 x9 J$ m+ |; S% V# B0 U5 U 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
+ j) r% G) ^4 k6 L7 F" q( j 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) v8 N( o" [/ a6 N% E+ w: J
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
+ y8 F9 Q% t C8 k( @' G- c0 o 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- f8 G7 `0 h+ I$ l2 i. S* Z" M5 I 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: ?, ]1 y! p. E
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks4 B2 s- a6 }! G8 \- i' L2 j
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials g, |/ S0 m" t! B8 ^8 F
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 X# m3 p& q4 ]6 U7 \5 k3 I- ?$ m
$ a5 s f% o# V" M. ^9 eCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 e; _' L0 U% W \& t! n( V& Q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
4 @: x; `2 {: g 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision0 H% T7 T: L2 z; v
135. Popular nonobedience
9 c9 S9 R1 Y3 n5 l: D- ^" g 136. Disguised disobedience$ @! K* @& `% F2 f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse" q# A( k& ~' X% q! [/ y
138. Sitdown
7 Y c2 N) D+ m Q 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" I# i' s0 {" g4 T$ h7 F2 A5 \
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
2 K3 }( T- ~( _' i9 P! Q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 V5 b5 [% n8 h7 q2 P' y6 ^1 Z5 `
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Action by Government Personnel& l" @ l2 x( w+ q$ P" o2 E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 o1 D; a7 Q4 O+ |/ {
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; j+ Y( C# X7 n4 B; C0 ]! h' P; \
144. Stalling and obstruction
7 O, Q2 l/ \: Q0 j/ ] 145. General administrative noncooperation
+ }- O H# ]% \2 f: X. }; R# d; w# v) b8 b
146. Judicial noncooperation
( y1 j, c" U$ y a+ R' |" @ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, J6 S, c* G! X0 i 148. Mutiny
) t4 J0 T1 V/ S% }) r0 [Domestic Governmental Action8 ~" z8 M6 i5 _. Q" E
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
2 N/ ~. m' N, f- d 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action/ ^+ D+ X0 {9 a3 ^" \# H$ E# x
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
9 _1 N' e( `8 k i3 z/ T 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
( }; W- i6 B6 x2 `, j 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- Y6 H6 v& u& y 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ ]3 O& N' ~- [# j0 r% s 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
/ Z8 Z O9 y2 |, A# Y- q. q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ E( ^2 T6 D9 q+ S$ v% i* b 157. Expulsion from international organizations! D! O* P* r$ a3 X/ y v
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
$ ^+ ^8 S U: L! h; m2 ~2 | 158. Self-exposure to the elements
% ^ @( j2 W- A% _9 F% f9 y 159. The fast3 ?. U8 v8 h: Y V$ N
a) Fast of moral pressure; Q& p {, D* s8 i9 q' M4 d
b) Hunger strike% V# b5 _% N3 S" g
c) Satyagrahic fast, G9 K$ x4 s R, `* V" `
160. Reverse trial
) o9 J7 I) |+ o/ B 161. Nonviolent harassment$ N& q3 h$ l, e7 G! ]+ ` c
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Physical Intervention/ [2 f+ q' _: e, w' c8 s/ C
162. Sit-in
" ?3 T9 {6 x* U7 M2 v9 ~ 163. Stand-in
* d+ J, [: w1 I; P( }/ m: e! V 164. Ride-in0 ]* J, Q9 Y! p L
165. Wade-in
2 {2 h! x5 k6 C7 E6 J 166. Mill-in
7 P) c! Q% x& W2 V7 t9 f: K 167. Pray-in: y t% h) L" j; Y a, s
168. Nonviolent raids: E1 {4 C8 U% J7 _. a
169. Nonviolent air raids
- V2 x, w; o2 D; L- R5 T8 J 170. Nonviolent invasion5 @% s9 ]5 V/ n5 \
171. Nonviolent interjection* G/ m/ x2 v4 v9 O: B! r2 ]9 b& x2 ]8 X
172. Nonviolent obstruction+ [! M- ^$ C# ] B6 J+ A
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
, A+ p: b9 {) }+ H) l# K% y 174. Establishing new social patterns1 B3 V; D7 P- v% r+ C2 c! X
175. Overloading of facilities2 _ w" |5 U# z, o2 P; ?9 ?
176. Stall-in7 O/ E3 d: r/ k% y9 R
177. Speak-in9 F( X2 O) u7 E( H) ?5 X6 O+ t- E$ C
178. Guerrilla theater
; N% P6 @4 [+ a 179. Alternative social institutions
* r4 r5 z7 ~3 k6 [) b! t3 H 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention( M: _2 K: v' O% T
181. Reverse strike
0 Z; J. v) A( e% S+ E& X 182. Stay-in strike E! g& U8 o0 h3 c, e
183. Nonviolent land seizure
) }' ?! @# m7 p1 m0 l7 V( D1 U 184. Defiance of blockades
; k/ P% A# g( d9 h- S5 O$ \ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 \. u7 J. z; z& Z
186. Preclusive purchasing2 |' e8 i2 d+ H# y
187. Seizure of assets. D3 j; _$ ~( @& H: @. }# l
188. Dumping
, r9 |6 v( G) M+ a8 u; D( l 189. Selective patronage
% D! M; P. l7 G& I/ u0 _8 N" X" E" p 190. Alternative markets
* u/ U4 ?% u* v4 j9 L* d# F" J 191. Alternative transportation systems2 g' X. v0 o+ S# M
192. Alternative economic institutions& n6 G7 w& T7 W. A. J1 @! G8 D9 T
: W1 Z; [) ]' A, P# W9 a# T) O# H' M, XPolitical Intervention0 j9 E L! U% w6 u% b
193. Overloading of administrative systems
, d x% q' J: T$ Z: Z8 }4 @ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 m- X% |! ~/ f* j. m 195. Seeking imprisonment7 ?! b5 O) T+ y9 b' O+ x
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 c, M- Q9 k( J4 | 197. Work-on without collaboration% O% c& E# j# [5 J$ u
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government- ^2 D2 X8 Q! I2 S q! m
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
