 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' O& Y K6 L" c5 q. L! @
Formal Statements
7 L- H% S* w+ s7 W 1. Public Speeches
8 R* j: B j, k7 W" A( t 2. Letters of opposition or support! z! ~ o a0 E6 G) Y, _5 |
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
( q- m4 H+ S; R' G 4. Signed public statements
' t) Y$ a/ m0 S( F8 Q: J! [, E8 y 5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 S0 u4 b$ V9 p/ h
6. Group or mass petitions% H3 s( U# {& w# C. }8 }
' E+ g; o/ U% r. I, {8 K* CCommunications with a Wider Audience
0 o3 e9 _5 k3 j% m# q 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols L* N/ i0 ^: v
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( I) D1 v5 h* u$ o& L) w
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& e" h, h. X$ |) Z
10. Newspapers and journals
, \6 `8 H v) C8 {6 Y% g4 u) R/ Q+ q 11. Records, radio, and television
. n& V/ b1 q' {( P" H. K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ ?1 [1 j- ^1 A' y0 k8 e: O* t) `3 J/ r2 M% V+ L2 D9 V; N. N
Group Representations
3 t% `3 i; n/ V. C! _ 13. Deputations
# b" E" i3 r" t, U! `7 Y0 y 14. Mock awards M( Y/ P2 S* A6 p/ k
15. Group lobbying4 e! u4 l# v- v4 a! F% X
16. Picketing
1 c n, T/ \6 ?9 C X8 _. F( F 17. Mock elections u2 ]: C) G8 X$ v4 E& l$ |
4 x8 ~7 }+ g8 X: h- O% X2 S9 @% {Symbolic Public Acts
) [4 M: j ]* K4 Y1 U' E/ k# X 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 a7 s6 J( F# a) P2 t8 K 19. Wearing of symbols0 K' \# [: ]" m" E$ i L
20. Prayer and worship# J; p! A B9 M5 g' C1 \
21. Delivering symbolic objects3 c3 G2 ?9 ?: P- x! o3 l9 i8 @
22. Protest disrobings5 T6 y/ r7 r$ n2 V* _9 `2 p5 G* W: [
23. Destruction of own property
. x3 S ~4 [: m 24. Symbolic lights9 V) e8 e. |' U0 |2 ]0 S
25. Displays of portraits N, ~6 N; v) p8 j3 u
26. Paint as protest* X/ N: {( E! c8 N
27. New signs and names6 s2 z. C/ r7 G
28. Symbolic sounds, L( R1 y7 Z) s! R) c5 O# m' m4 @
29. Symbolic reclamations) n# _ i9 k4 f9 t, W- {3 T/ h
30. Rude gestures# w4 {# R* {$ O9 i
+ p$ \, M/ `% D
Pressures on Individuals
( f, L0 q$ i8 Q. b 31. “Haunting” officials1 ]2 k' }+ P$ t( |, Z- ]
32. Taunting officials
! k l a/ j" p1 B; f) s! T 33. Fraternization6 O( w( a, b7 H% M' H2 L
34. Vigils
& c* i- f8 a* O4 P9 z
2 x8 O6 p$ }4 P* n( u7 tDrama and Music7 f! G W' W7 X; \
35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ r9 N+ f. Q9 D$ c/ c/ h. w 36. Performances of plays and music! ^) r% T/ M4 }: s, y3 |
37. Singing
$ H+ A2 m' G) d: y
; D2 S3 u+ U! {$ b# _, E* C& c# r6 }Processions
4 [& T: L, G3 F5 D0 {$ f8 g 38. Marches0 A2 u5 j; \9 c0 M$ m
39. Parades5 e4 N) p1 P. f/ y' X6 i* i7 @( h
40. Religious processions
# U. N: [; q: y8 l 41. Pilgrimages) H2 @% o1 l6 S0 {9 j% l( r/ |
42. Motorcades8 G" o6 W o9 g; F: G" U+ ^$ [
6 |6 X8 w* N, \3 Z( r8 `
Honoring the Dead
) Q$ f9 c1 Q9 B+ E# g: r0 z 43. Political mourning
7 U, g b) z$ J4 w7 v# j 44. Mock funerals
' u# y1 _' ~8 l* ]2 L. W" w g- N; u; p 45. Demonstrative funerals. P0 z( G; O& g6 t, W
46. Homage at burial places3 X* L) e. R7 r0 }2 V( J
5 I2 F. _5 I/ k/ d/ [( GPublic Assemblies
" g8 R: P3 @$ @3 k/ U7 r0 |" e 47. Assemblies of protest or support6 H8 Q$ g0 H! z k4 ?) M' h
48. Protest meetings
% ^. |# I4 x; Y# K+ Z- ]; s 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ U% W- @$ \$ ^: v, S, i N 50. Teach-ins
( y9 W- P3 J9 {3 Z4 o+ s h
0 r; c) X2 a. W1 aWithdrawal and Renunciation" C$ E# ?# C& N, E
51. Walk-outs
, G% i& G W0 b) ` 52. Silence
" j* q. c3 q# R! F" d" X& w+ y 53. Renouncing honors
2 c4 O" Y5 {: l4 Y) B$ J$ q" m6 F 54. Turning one’s back
Q. }; ^" g: l3 z# [7 O9 G9 v, C0 ?8 T; _
8 x& S8 u. h" s% N6 g4 v% V
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
& Z7 M- E8 V8 Y# T3 X7 J& m3 ^. J* }) v0 }
9 b, w+ f M; x1 H0 z7 W3 _
9 I/ C% X3 n1 b- r TOstracism of Persons
- s+ z, k$ d0 l5 W, w& _" K 55. Social boycott
# Z+ v/ ~' D8 w' M 56. Selective social boycott
3 }2 [* `+ K7 T. M9 ]+ o; c3 g$ }6 F 57. Lysistratic nonaction3 L3 `$ q" F; S! i( Y
58. Excommunication
1 [" W5 D1 `) M" f 59. Interdict+ C7 k8 ^9 C' o+ ]& ]; Z
: c/ G/ N/ ?5 L2 c+ ?" q5 \8 o1 y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions3 e% K/ ]) | X" h! _- P8 o
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
+ ]" ^' u8 t+ V6 |6 e 61. Boycott of social affairs$ k2 P+ k5 S4 H
62. Student strike
$ t6 N* U3 y! \( U 63. Social disobedience; ~1 H5 T1 D0 C% @' z8 f' a
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
9 u% p& _' `* d* u5 p& V( d3 ]: U
" ^) \9 l: _- f' O& ~. cWithdrawal from the Social System
+ Z) a5 c7 `$ O5 H; |: s8 L4 F 65. Stay-at-home
7 T7 J7 j' f. Q: e 66. Total personal noncooperation, r2 J, I& Z; ~! g+ j! E. A; ]' R
67. “Flight” of workers) V0 m0 {$ _7 D4 ]# S
68. Sanctuary
/ g! y) _! |; [: o, w/ h0 p# m( N 69. Collective disappearance+ I: r+ Y+ b& g+ `2 Q+ E
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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1 w6 u7 j9 }9 H; l, V) C% Y) {
! K8 S, y( { R; a" j$ m2 Q( yTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
8 y X* A. ^/ n G% B% U$ T i; m) I s
& P1 g3 q" {6 d- Y* YActions by Consumers
" Q% D# ^: R" |. h 71. Consumers’ boycott
; w: F; Q& d* F, N 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 W* K& X. U5 f% @ 73. Policy of austerity2 W, K6 P" t6 D, P8 ?3 j) m' `
74. Rent withholding
$ y) U% u* J% X2 Z5 c+ s5 [8 g 75. Refusal to rent2 ?4 g# p: _9 S+ i+ l
76. National consumers’ boycott$ Q+ s; _) i% F' I7 [* J
77. International consumers’ boycott) q# {3 U `) L& i. G# c1 Y- ?1 I
& o2 U2 d) }8 {( K! i# N5 Z- k
Action by Workers and Producers
) f* K6 }; ~0 n0 s8 D 78. Workmen’s boycott& F5 o& s9 g; h# o
79. Producers’ boycott
% d9 c3 r1 N$ r q/ }! J( n, R9 {, B4 w; h2 ^ s
Action by Middlemen, J+ k4 P) W& n3 c; u8 t) e7 |- G6 \
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( b: d+ w$ v: e7 [/ z' J
. e( o4 ~- t- ]Action by Owners and Management) v. M z- H6 U" S' J
81. Traders’ boycott
; H$ h ~) e. x5 V2 w4 q 82. Refusal to let or sell property
* I9 K5 b# x7 Q- [8 Z 83. Lockout
) b7 i, N# E" H4 p" J% ? 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
7 ^6 L/ V# v4 Z4 ? 85. Merchants’ “general strike”) F" a# m7 q; ^+ U
6 I; K) S" n/ Z# [; j( @
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
5 k4 x$ W/ R$ Y H; p 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits! P9 N# ^ `/ V; q* K L; P
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments: y; r) q9 t1 T% }
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 x# W8 |3 C! r' P" F$ i7 ?6 j 89. Severance of funds and credit
$ x6 E- f+ P5 O 90. Revenue refusal
# A% C7 H3 T! X" g3 W4 S7 k7 z 91. Refusal of a government’s money* G& E( @8 @5 ^/ o/ s/ |0 q
. E' R* U# J# z- p' o. [# Q$ b( p+ PAction by Governments" [1 \* u0 L7 ^
92. Domestic embargo
- L r' c2 T" q, G1 ?/ T 93. Blacklisting of traders" O# l+ v3 L8 G1 E' K7 e& J9 D
94. International sellers’ embargo
) ]; i: Q ?5 L, `; q% q 95. International buyers’ embargo
" L1 n" l8 R. ~ v$ \' S, x 96. International trade embargo- H- D2 G! [1 K5 N2 N: O
6 q) r! G" _( a/ l' E+ _, G
1 n8 z' z: B( R& C/ ~. o2 {7 [9 u$ u* C* y9 |6 v
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% l% |+ c6 `$ p: B w4 F
1 g" A# b# o. ~ P8 S/ x4 g & K; c! K0 \! `' W$ V& \1 J4 ]
Symbolic Strikes8 l. q, B) b1 H! {1 K
97. Protest strike
( A' L8 A. W6 w 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# Q* g, i( y4 I. X4 n
. X* Z- m! ~( ?+ O, tAgricultural Strikes* w2 \* K1 {% U A7 g+ k) c5 Y2 p
99. Peasant strike! R9 {9 g2 X# u: [, Y' ^( K
100. Farm Workers’ strike
/ H- ~1 A. s& K- U, z( j. Y6 ^0 z# |/ h- n1 y) o2 s9 V y
Strikes by Special Groups3 R* C' D) U4 f
101. Refusal of impressed labor
( j5 w7 f2 W$ d$ r* s- b 102. Prisoners’ strike4 ?/ i- ?4 p( D) U' p
103. Craft strike% e B7 h( m0 _) p6 z9 g
104. Professional strike
1 E5 ?3 S5 v0 z4 @4 N9 \ b+ u
: o4 i4 A$ P. A* E! ?Ordinary Industrial Strikes. b( S+ x& S0 d
105. Establishment strike
, S6 q: p8 ]: ~8 R7 j# G7 A+ X& z 106. Industry strike" g" a& j( P2 ^) w6 j& }
107. Sympathetic strike+ A% {' `" {$ V' [5 b S3 q9 G4 }
$ s! w/ c4 U( s9 g
Restricted Strikes* Q0 C- t! i3 _5 j& Q7 @9 [
108. Detailed strike& D! }# K, N, m2 x
109. Bumper strike# V( [5 W- b& }, d3 a
110. Slowdown strike& J+ I! B1 h. Q! \ X" V: |
111. Working-to-rule strike( C3 z1 u6 q+ l; u1 b
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): P; X8 r: z: i* n
113. Strike by resignation
/ h3 c9 _2 x4 F" c; H 114. Limited strike4 R( Y* [ a. m, o% y
115. Selective strike" {3 c2 A) C$ [2 _" G
5 r9 N) H% j/ A4 ]' w/ c$ _- K* JMulti-Industry Strikes; D( g, x3 z0 m9 x
# Q( \4 `! e. V
116. Generalized strike0 x+ o d$ _# d7 }- T9 {
0 ]) |5 b3 y( | 117. General strike
, E, U( m- y. m% G3 F; k3 X. ^3 n7 [% b+ u2 x4 @
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; _ B+ V! }! X9 w ^& ^1 Q4 E6 y4 w6 A' R9 E4 n! n
118. Hartal! ?5 B1 j7 \; H) i8 R1 n: m
$ K) v! V x/ h( z$ _, t 119. Economic shutdown1 F5 O& Y2 [3 r4 B$ |
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4 s# I* f4 C& p' g1 A# n
- u1 g6 {9 c( m8 ATHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION- p5 n) `( U! x3 _4 y
H, a" p- E) C) R6 `
9 S- q; s5 A' Z& S" y
Rejection of Authority, ~# S1 p9 X3 C4 ]% |9 [, ]8 S+ A5 P
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 w( }2 L/ a0 E4 U4 m( E
121. Refusal of public support
7 K1 c5 p2 u8 ^; R+ N" w8 X i- W/ E 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; w* m& _ @1 W) \$ R! G
Y: ~, M7 L+ F1 CCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government( E& x6 c4 d9 f; s$ |4 r
123. Boycott of legislative bodies% z0 V1 G, A, ?+ Z! p1 o, I
124. Boycott of elections6 L3 @$ J* C4 V8 K/ a
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) c$ j* O- Z" n* y, f* a 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* O0 O; z! z% s3 ?
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions, I. B. d7 U8 N: d4 a4 n
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
q" n$ H+ D9 H4 u1 E 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ V# t1 }; ]2 F+ }( \/ ~
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 s, V9 T( k" k* l4 ] E
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# B" G( L5 `$ @: m0 E( ^
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions! f' T# N" X w5 I: e
4 l5 `6 ]! { J: u- iCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' U7 S+ a" D- _ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 X6 I0 x6 C' i0 e! i( c
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
% M' \: K4 A, f5 n5 B$ J. ] 135. Popular nonobedience
7 P e( O* C4 P2 a. {, d/ F 136. Disguised disobedience
8 t; J z& w' D4 \3 R3 q 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse. Q! e9 Y0 ?& i6 @) g% @- d
138. Sitdown& I1 M. t" [$ F' Y$ {) w
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation. K; F1 U6 x& O8 H4 |
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities9 y! F, c2 X7 F' ] w
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ O/ ^ j, r% F, W3 A/ j
- ^; V; B! A0 _! J) NAction by Government Personnel
! q1 D {/ {: W% [- {; j 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; K% }. H. A, a, i/ m 143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 F8 I8 b! P8 F/ D7 u
144. Stalling and obstruction9 i1 a. v* B% t
145. General administrative noncooperation$ ~- G0 R0 d$ R8 s4 k7 l6 H ~6 g
' G5 G0 U+ R, n9 u; s5 V+ m 146. Judicial noncooperation$ e5 J. l% h% C/ g4 [5 w8 I5 O
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ w y8 S3 R& S5 |
148. Mutiny
* P8 S/ y2 X1 V& O! K4 D- L: gDomestic Governmental Action: [9 C! v, y) [- _4 `& p
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays, n; W3 S/ D, L* [' W
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ Z, Y1 r J+ b& q# ?7 V
& ~# Y5 \7 M. N7 f6 o. _/ SInternational Governmental Action
" K2 n, U7 q$ S0 Z6 v, X 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations4 h2 @1 N4 N% v
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
0 F/ ?: A; ]0 _2 F 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition1 |7 o! L: J# r7 q
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 t* k m" T% F+ G' z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
9 J$ C( ^# [& Q6 Q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. {2 ?, G! d8 C& A7 d 157. Expulsion from international organizations
% {# y. s$ Y) g" z, ?/ h
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8 y0 f0 Y4 l dTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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# ^% R* r% N0 ?$ \8 s2 jPsychological Intervention
! T+ o2 o z5 d: o* ] 158. Self-exposure to the elements2 z8 ^3 ^+ Q3 P6 N. ^+ p
159. The fast" W1 H* H- i0 r' r
a) Fast of moral pressure) X. s5 M( r" J, Y# F& I' F% k
b) Hunger strike9 m% F9 I- h3 W) W
c) Satyagrahic fast
' B0 {2 Z0 T$ R) O 160. Reverse trial
: ^+ j6 ~8 Y0 f 161. Nonviolent harassment
! r: h2 ~5 [9 i; |# t/ n: K4 {
; t! x2 a2 h) v6 V9 APhysical Intervention: C" X& u# f& g: r+ g+ }
162. Sit-in) o; Q4 O" F0 M0 `) k5 f1 T
163. Stand-in# K. c/ x- D4 v \
164. Ride-in
h$ V f! d N7 b, i% ? 165. Wade-in
+ x% Y/ _( f/ l' o5 F* } 166. Mill-in
2 ?' ^1 B# r3 G 167. Pray-in
+ ?+ N3 l* J0 J8 k- o2 o* a+ `7 | e 168. Nonviolent raids9 Z* l( ^/ Y$ w) ?8 K% j% {
169. Nonviolent air raids
# @9 t2 D8 b9 r2 |& g 170. Nonviolent invasion
0 ~6 y0 R3 P" i! `3 p 171. Nonviolent interjection% }3 O% D1 Z T$ ?. U& G/ h6 s
172. Nonviolent obstruction
# j- B* A" S* z1 x5 X/ {0 X 173. Nonviolent occupation0 b* q1 o( ^. p7 p
0 X) Z H- l& E' ~7 \Social Intervention
1 d$ ?1 Z* {- Q, @; L 174. Establishing new social patterns5 {4 ^& N; S, M$ r7 x3 f
175. Overloading of facilities! K8 R3 b& ?& v1 J
176. Stall-in
2 M G/ l/ I$ M5 b K' u 177. Speak-in. ]2 C# O" B( ~* w$ \! H" z
178. Guerrilla theater
5 R0 e' S' n& q3 t 179. Alternative social institutions
. x! Q+ o$ V3 F3 j' U3 f 180. Alternative communication system
/ F. F9 y' P/ |, n9 ]5 R
1 b" v v# x! P+ ?( H9 E7 o, iEconomic Intervention
' t) a- `3 h |9 k+ k 181. Reverse strike
$ J+ B. s6 c* s5 X 182. Stay-in strike
6 O4 ?) [* [& N9 A0 l, x9 @ 183. Nonviolent land seizure: G. o% \- \' |* q- m( g
184. Defiance of blockades" m7 k; Q2 G, Q7 H, o0 N
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: h/ `6 x1 O. c+ D
186. Preclusive purchasing
7 \. f% A( a) { ~; o* _& R 187. Seizure of assets
0 v7 Y( Z2 o' g0 f+ p5 u: e 188. Dumping8 _8 n) R6 s5 Z1 }# L- _
189. Selective patronage) ^% I- J m! }8 c+ `! a
190. Alternative markets8 ^, Q. Q1 T n
191. Alternative transportation systems
% T; k% x x( O# Y6 g$ a 192. Alternative economic institutions0 E% B7 {# x# z5 q' S
^, r" U& d& x& U5 f Y. X) sPolitical Intervention
! {: a8 {" y7 {$ r; h2 D3 G! I+ B' } 193. Overloading of administrative systems7 r6 r, q( r! Q r$ l, I2 ~
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ k7 {" ~! ?5 k, ]2 v# ^ D6 r 195. Seeking imprisonment$ \0 F+ @1 K9 b. G0 C
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
5 H5 V) k/ |( N" P 197. Work-on without collaboration
& w2 p/ i( Q5 @' } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government$ g7 J* _& ~! u# _. Z# k
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
