 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 A* a2 s6 _2 y" T
Formal Statements$ K& D6 q0 P+ _3 K( a0 A
1. Public Speeches/ ]+ z& S. e9 Z! ~2 r$ B
2. Letters of opposition or support$ V" y/ n5 @- ^/ F' l
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; W1 S! P" _! \' u5 _; A Y 4. Signed public statements: o* v4 ~; B8 G& J7 @& `
5. Declarations of indictment and intention4 E. [- V! h2 `; K# H% q3 [
6. Group or mass petitions0 I& v6 w; W0 n- N/ b
! c+ S+ Z5 b6 [3 Q c. ~7 H N
Communications with a Wider Audience
/ j/ y/ ]( V5 }2 C 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
2 A7 A- r0 q# ?0 w; l3 H0 \ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 Q! _7 F0 l K( h; \2 A 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 N X( @3 \, N 10. Newspapers and journals
# X `" s9 v5 S" R V' L 11. Records, radio, and television& U( v, n' \3 L2 z
12. Skywriting and earthwriting; c4 ^1 p; b! e7 V( d* i% l% x( N5 S
' p; T6 R0 k* a% V5 J0 O# SGroup Representations
/ R7 p! `; J. o& @% H- y 13. Deputations
) o% w6 |& g6 m$ r Z6 m a 14. Mock awards
3 N n, S8 J$ i 15. Group lobbying
g) m! k: l# B; g# s9 T% F9 g3 z 16. Picketing
( r# m8 j- P# Y& U+ d& q 17. Mock elections
* U- s9 e8 L* ]8 j
8 R8 h8 ? f& C- T0 b( hSymbolic Public Acts# Y! Z! R4 g" i1 }% C
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
- D$ H9 O$ ^# { p. U 19. Wearing of symbols- d6 f1 G. A- ?3 V
20. Prayer and worship+ O, A `/ A3 D+ s# A
21. Delivering symbolic objects
, g5 z% m, ]) J' M `5 ]: r 22. Protest disrobings
- g) w! H% Q* a; M# U 23. Destruction of own property
% b8 y: s9 O8 t8 h3 m; y+ d 24. Symbolic lights$ k2 j% o2 L! T% G
25. Displays of portraits
" X6 e% p) l& m9 B) v" X 26. Paint as protest( R# ~* o9 ^8 t. ^, x, ~
27. New signs and names. j9 W9 ~2 I8 s' m
28. Symbolic sounds' ]) t9 [, B2 |% W; L: W7 h
29. Symbolic reclamations
/ _3 o2 f1 h0 k9 j 30. Rude gestures0 V" ^4 [3 U$ c
/ h6 x3 w6 o T( D- l+ pPressures on Individuals
1 f* R' r+ L5 h @9 b 31. “Haunting” officials. O8 N; o: g, z1 Q% d
32. Taunting officials
$ C0 L2 ]/ y* O# U 33. Fraternization/ h& A5 X* V. G
34. Vigils7 R, l! b& \2 r
' G$ l0 }3 y+ nDrama and Music
" k; x8 A4 S" L* O e. u* x" K 35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 j4 w. `) I* D( \5 @, l5 g. t 36. Performances of plays and music
h0 ?% m! g l6 H2 Q 37. Singing
5 q/ ?3 U1 M# e) v2 ?
, `4 z, b; Z+ `+ j- [Processions
$ y; N* M8 o% V- l/ u5 M 38. Marches
6 J" g6 a+ K! a0 k/ t 39. Parades- S; s2 c8 Q7 q t5 {& ?
40. Religious processions
1 w& ~; K$ ^. l6 Q* }) P 41. Pilgrimages
* |6 Q: R# r- ]8 [, R# l 42. Motorcades3 p( m* c$ e4 w/ b/ ~' r* g
- L7 F8 ?7 W. K( Q! l
Honoring the Dead* f" i+ i( Y7 L1 z
43. Political mourning% ]. \1 B, K W+ j% V }
44. Mock funerals) I' G+ r( z4 L& l$ s- Y1 e
45. Demonstrative funerals
7 n c3 g9 s) v* I+ P& f 46. Homage at burial places" j' p8 [ E' O+ q
& M- K* W i( B! V9 h- ~Public Assemblies8 a# J$ y q) U* b$ @/ w
47. Assemblies of protest or support, f' S* e; v I
48. Protest meetings G5 Q9 j2 T4 z$ L v8 a5 W0 N
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 b# H5 L4 N3 h( u' N6 t" k 50. Teach-ins
7 |6 i/ m' w7 Z i/ l2 g
2 ?9 v; s5 [% \4 o' L" gWithdrawal and Renunciation
' |+ ]! [0 [7 E5 F 51. Walk-outs% E7 ~0 w# P5 f
52. Silence
+ p4 n9 {+ T& y, n: @ 53. Renouncing honors# ]- C3 I5 h' ~3 `% [) S# ]4 v
54. Turning one’s back
4 N# W2 [" s( G: c. [9 E: @# X0 i& B4 M: V
! ^- e' e; H$ k1 v! n" V C7 G* _- ~4 Y
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- ?( R2 u# x0 t0 f# f
. L. f% B5 [" `8 H; M# j) Q - I; y. k( p1 S
/ H8 ]/ J; l& B1 _( w4 o1 mOstracism of Persons
6 a/ ]7 p3 E" K1 _) v4 ^ 55. Social boycott
6 T1 J V& L% K+ D ]0 ^ 56. Selective social boycott% v4 }) d: u9 } }3 Z& t! W/ e
57. Lysistratic nonaction% i5 r0 U. v. v( \# V$ C' \) j
58. Excommunication
7 f) r P: e4 S" v; P: m. ` 59. Interdict4 _7 C( b7 p, [% \3 Q; A
9 z6 D E1 D, N& RNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 S' O3 `0 z! D8 X; y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
/ f8 s* ~ `/ a: j6 A. b6 {+ l 61. Boycott of social affairs, F: U9 C* K g8 U1 t# G4 z" n
62. Student strike
& ~# ~4 M6 z ^4 G& C: @" y 63. Social disobedience1 ^, Q. l# u4 k
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
! c/ ]& r. t' j$ q0 [
4 W0 ?8 l5 t+ hWithdrawal from the Social System
/ P5 D. f/ i3 p 65. Stay-at-home
- S+ h4 g) t4 c1 A6 B* f" Z" u 66. Total personal noncooperation
2 v6 L6 P* {& R K, b# E 67. “Flight” of workers
* t8 v: N# [9 p! O, r 68. Sanctuary
% {% B4 `6 n7 T O6 G) X 69. Collective disappearance
8 Z5 G# g6 W1 O* d- v 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# D2 U: U' d0 w" g7 \4 |
# G8 F: _+ Y" q( Y3 m
/ E h; L, l5 C3 x4 ?& L5 ~
% O: s7 b3 {% t XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 H' l* ~! O; d* s: x/ f
/ A$ Y ^9 F( p: m) V4 d( n2 Q
% T1 u9 Z: A& K9 D) O8 cActions by Consumers7 N) W2 b( T7 e) R( t+ y: h# U
71. Consumers’ boycott
) y2 f7 h$ r+ j 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( a0 k1 J4 E- e
73. Policy of austerity5 q$ d: U# R6 a1 P' O" |9 s, C
74. Rent withholding
$ {% A' r. k! w7 i* N F0 r 75. Refusal to rent
: M* C% Y' z: R4 n8 u' j 76. National consumers’ boycott" C5 {) x, e. V0 J- o. a( ]
77. International consumers’ boycott
+ x! l! l/ V& \. q+ E: w6 M
7 {) |- e8 ]- l5 Z$ e7 j, ^Action by Workers and Producers
- a6 p2 w" f0 W7 Z( X" D1 o 78. Workmen’s boycott1 _4 z: ^, j" U0 H7 R) C3 {* q
79. Producers’ boycott+ H b$ u+ g2 p. u% E d& i1 D
6 N1 r/ x: f$ r6 mAction by Middlemen7 {+ n/ H2 k; J4 }
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. w! s8 u1 \% X+ f
! w/ o1 b a: v, s# RAction by Owners and Management/ p5 a8 G! r2 q& ^
81. Traders’ boycott' {. X. _$ [7 G! b# d
82. Refusal to let or sell property
, s/ c( O3 S( z+ Q6 S1 V 83. Lockout4 z" A3 g; B. k' N* l$ t( `
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) z2 d) D# A; j ~/ c 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 z% s8 q# c3 T3 r' O! `5 C v4 h4 w+ t
Action by Holders of Financial Resources, r, q" U. W; m. S9 ^
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
( L8 S- q, p t- a# e# A$ [ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 Z7 h, ?& R0 u \& x 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- [$ K2 v4 }. n( G 89. Severance of funds and credit: U# I- [5 f5 k3 s. P: j+ _& {
90. Revenue refusal) U6 u. J/ Z- X
91. Refusal of a government’s money
/ T; `) z. P* t4 l0 S) V8 X2 n
1 I5 s1 C, \: oAction by Governments& C$ n- l; T; d* l7 l
92. Domestic embargo3 Y# D0 @ v, Z5 K6 y* Y, j" _
93. Blacklisting of traders2 J8 V6 C9 A0 g
94. International sellers’ embargo4 d: I: J5 W4 b8 l: O) n
95. International buyers’ embargo( v' `" i* f- B2 P6 h
96. International trade embargo
3 `1 ]" L W2 z5 n
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7 k6 j! f6 O* G" o8 h# F' H7 C% vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
! e1 ]/ b p ]3 Q" K- @: B
) Z9 y% e# c1 \5 K l5 v
( D# \7 w( _* A/ G6 T: b% VSymbolic Strikes+ ], x0 r# n0 S8 G4 J
97. Protest strike4 C) y: p, L! d& p# Q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)) A; Y& r' _6 M
; ^4 g0 Y9 |0 U, R4 {) MAgricultural Strikes; P4 |" T" v$ N g" |/ Z' N; Q
99. Peasant strike
7 l6 ~1 Z( L$ b 100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 C i& A8 |' l8 D2 I% \( @7 ? k# B
Strikes by Special Groups0 ^8 k5 O9 f r' G
101. Refusal of impressed labor3 H9 n' I5 H: M8 j9 k
102. Prisoners’ strike
' V2 p: T- C% u5 h1 ~; [2 X 103. Craft strike
" e7 ~7 @" o0 Z' c 104. Professional strike
- k1 V9 N' N6 Z7 s0 {$ l, E; w) J( P
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
% N2 @1 Y# Z9 M- F 105. Establishment strike
+ U7 g6 b# r+ P2 I, r! r y 106. Industry strike1 i9 i. S2 k$ c+ E! ~" Q
107. Sympathetic strike7 q. d4 F7 N( A
' W# R P$ t# H/ cRestricted Strikes; G" i4 O" K3 l8 N* O% Y) {' v
108. Detailed strike
. E7 D) k5 d3 _8 k 109. Bumper strike
$ I. k/ ^/ ]. |" y0 ?7 d# I4 B7 j; z 110. Slowdown strike" `2 _+ [ a# v
111. Working-to-rule strike! e" W2 {6 X& R4 L
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% b* b- v7 r; ]# [
113. Strike by resignation
* I1 F& @; E+ f$ l+ z4 v 114. Limited strike9 G/ N) e" s5 n, C* ~
115. Selective strike
, T3 w6 U, D9 U' M( O/ j. @4 f$ ] L
Multi-Industry Strikes4 {% F [, p' D7 u O+ F: S
! m, \( v5 P) L) y
116. Generalized strike
4 _7 r3 |$ [7 {* U$ D7 H* C7 u7 `+ d
117. General strike( {, ~" s' f H
$ @" V! _, y/ \2 P( A
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 n, ^; b; p( G2 v2 o
z; P1 j8 X I( P0 i5 G 118. Hartal$ v: n0 W1 F% y. @6 G
# d X1 R% p( B) a; s 119. Economic shutdown7 a, }8 H, R9 |( r
0 A; y/ P5 k" v7 O/ s2 k
$ F' l0 M: z' w1 I% ~, }0 W Y2 ~4 U: h
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( s8 `6 { s9 k# o! F1 j8 x8 B- {
) l: B% [8 v' _- ]6 z
7 k8 G) a) J9 X, ?) k! U
Rejection of Authority( K. x p, P5 B, n. I8 @, G' ]* t
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance1 b- Z: g: L% U# U, u* g! A. N! z
121. Refusal of public support
\& e& Z, r$ V9 x 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ B/ b* h+ p: j, B0 N
( r2 X9 ~3 P) C. j+ ACitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
m* |$ c6 M F. W 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 _0 |% O* f4 X5 d% i5 w2 | 124. Boycott of elections
: p1 l/ }/ ]8 F7 [% B 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" P: S, H1 U, V. @9 x6 } 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# @: p" ^& i4 ^5 S* p
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 j; y( P( ?0 Z" D" F
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 \; q+ V! w3 O& r 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ u- l% P/ @3 O c 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% F- U. ^* v- y7 s) O/ U 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
`( j' i- {* N& d' ` 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& p, f" f5 i3 \7 O7 b
% T8 _$ P2 `6 @+ uCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 V3 `) {( C! Y1 m* H) r
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- c6 Y0 }( }' o6 B" E) V 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; M) |+ y- C3 X
135. Popular nonobedience
0 S: O/ g1 V) n1 t9 ^ 136. Disguised disobedience
# M3 J0 |" G/ e! w7 U8 j* L' f 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* J" v7 Y5 P& f' ]0 j; B 138. Sitdown
- [! ?; x! X* E O8 u 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
. w0 P) ], P4 C9 L 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! z; P3 B: l, A3 L+ r0 @, C8 {
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 B% \9 s: ^2 ]; m
! q( _2 q9 F6 k& D" @& e5 dAction by Government Personnel
5 n! t# x" p) u8 A9 s7 G! f 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, u8 ~8 `9 r( B6 M/ q# `# ]/ W, G5 V* ]
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
, X; k* `" S: Q0 m 144. Stalling and obstruction! ]! a! |" Q( h( J- Y. I5 y
145. General administrative noncooperation
/ ^4 Y/ t, _9 U1 x% G
5 \' {9 A- O3 W/ ~6 Z3 c 146. Judicial noncooperation' _ _$ }7 b" v3 Z* ]
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" V( B6 f0 u, u. p: M0 b4 K% g
148. Mutiny
" K7 x( q6 U. b% M: w e4 ~Domestic Governmental Action
4 B- S6 n! N% G 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
- k& n+ Z1 q2 p* F/ Z9 f4 D8 ` 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units* w, j9 W9 N2 R# c0 c
' p3 f4 e" u9 mInternational Governmental Action3 }- h' b2 B5 L
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& i2 ~+ R6 R; m: J6 p 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ ~* u$ n4 ?8 x/ K
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. T8 c' B: ?# v8 w# ?
154. Severance of diplomatic relations$ o. Z) X9 `2 o+ G
155. Withdrawal from international organizations& t/ C5 K4 ~2 S
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& P L# A6 Z& n5 Z1 N' U; O
157. Expulsion from international organizations, a* t) h% G( ]4 T
% p) T3 ?; y+ d" e
1 V3 O( w; V( j/ q" D9 U' J: E6 X! l( k: v
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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/ w9 z% \# `' e1 B3 Y/ X" Z
Psychological Intervention
- T( W! g; M3 _, Z( w+ P 158. Self-exposure to the elements2 V/ o W$ ^+ _/ P* l) n. _' J8 r( F
159. The fast
8 Q" Z8 F' j! q1 o/ ^ \ a) Fast of moral pressure
9 A/ L4 V; I* \; X( ~. _+ L' i b) Hunger strike
4 \, j3 f- s+ K c) Satyagrahic fast
( y" v. U4 q9 c" l( A' Y+ U 160. Reverse trial
% X% A+ E2 K2 J/ Y- B. F 161. Nonviolent harassment
& P$ r+ d! {9 W' F% J% }. p8 E4 ]
Physical Intervention
. A" ^# y1 |* k) ? 162. Sit-in
. \3 i% ?9 i I$ O7 m 163. Stand-in# R6 h7 r P0 A& W- f
164. Ride-in
. G+ n- G7 l/ p. h5 v, k 165. Wade-in8 K9 K0 K2 I: |) `- O1 L0 P. x* I
166. Mill-in( L$ ], z$ k" A+ R/ Z
167. Pray-in8 Z, A5 J; ?& y5 M
168. Nonviolent raids# v: z% s8 x2 ?! R6 F
169. Nonviolent air raids
% A S; o6 i' m3 c, D: ~ 170. Nonviolent invasion
. `2 G9 z3 V( M2 ~4 Z& Z+ I 171. Nonviolent interjection
. N+ b6 l# w4 m: G6 y 172. Nonviolent obstruction; m! S2 U. g6 M3 ]3 ?5 {
173. Nonviolent occupation2 x2 t0 e5 l. B7 S9 N
- ]: q1 C* G) \0 ~/ s ]
Social Intervention8 D% D5 E2 Q6 M) x" e
174. Establishing new social patterns
" J. a2 r+ g, a r5 V 175. Overloading of facilities3 G$ a2 h3 J9 S I
176. Stall-in A f- x2 G7 k7 [% @- M( r
177. Speak-in7 L e# F# o. E9 I. b
178. Guerrilla theater+ A2 Q9 ?5 K7 q
179. Alternative social institutions; g! e: O0 m" s ]
180. Alternative communication system0 |% O# q8 }) m9 Z4 i; L/ ~9 f I1 Z
! x' C9 o5 {& a& I
Economic Intervention
6 K" H+ b6 s0 A' n$ Z1 s$ X- Q( I 181. Reverse strike
& K7 p$ N+ _' b 182. Stay-in strike/ U+ [6 R3 m. h* ?* N
183. Nonviolent land seizure) ~+ o- ]" J' g* [- m
184. Defiance of blockades x5 G6 Y1 |$ p. Q2 O* Z
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- @4 o8 }; D# r) H. r' k3 {2 G
186. Preclusive purchasing% ^+ S3 G" K+ _' j0 f( i4 {9 r) U7 R
187. Seizure of assets
) P: a J1 ?- M3 Q$ T3 d e; K 188. Dumping
) x% G5 D, y: O2 _* N9 Y. v 189. Selective patronage- g" s9 y( R: x8 r* Q. ?: X
190. Alternative markets7 @ P: L' `/ a5 {3 f5 I" @( a
191. Alternative transportation systems
; s3 a V, L2 m6 t4 z# Y$ t) c 192. Alternative economic institutions& P, R+ T; X! K1 [4 i
% h# H* ~- [7 G$ c# W# I5 |' T# }
Political Intervention0 a' I( i: X. K `
193. Overloading of administrative systems. U$ P6 j( Z9 D; y. \ Q
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
* P4 K3 Q* D$ J0 B# F& N 195. Seeking imprisonment) F; O; B4 I8 P8 d' T% o- O- q
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& X( v8 \' y+ v" ^- {2 V8 |& l1 L% v 197. Work-on without collaboration8 N2 c" {1 g; Q2 q' ?; `& f* y
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: j: d% P: c* S' O9 x7 G
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
