 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. ^( O: o5 Z! M# x5 U( P+ v3 iFormal Statements3 t2 M# y e( R2 T9 Q2 a
1. Public Speeches
& A2 u+ G. L4 P9 p; n! J 2. Letters of opposition or support$ v, _- ~" R3 o% h# j" Q; x I4 q' B
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions w x, ]9 M+ T0 s3 N. o7 U! B
4. Signed public statements7 s4 e( N0 B& e2 f5 q: x7 \4 l
5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 `3 N. J7 M& r2 j2 y7 O# v
6. Group or mass petitions
% p: |! V* D0 ~0 M7 J
, {! [- E D7 d- pCommunications with a Wider Audience
/ C8 ~& b. ]. B8 | ~ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
& I/ p. X7 `5 v0 I" l& \ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications! ?- @( W+ v4 D o( x# L, o" C
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
5 _6 ]% b7 ?9 k: f 10. Newspapers and journals
2 ~& D* ]1 R( J# m 11. Records, radio, and television
7 l5 ^! }( u% G: D' K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* V$ w8 @/ e. }+ \3 z; ], Q: d% ]" t( m2 Q6 F6 { a
Group Representations: B" y7 J. M6 z% A/ ~6 u y: S
13. Deputations
- M# V7 B% z" n: f) c! H 14. Mock awards
m+ Q! p7 T9 P, i& b( G2 U 15. Group lobbying. N5 [5 Y1 u* J) K2 ]/ S7 H, _
16. Picketing
' J4 Q$ v7 |5 D- N4 i+ m4 L 17. Mock elections: K0 g* S6 ] h6 i3 N
4 R% W8 i8 u! A. T u0 wSymbolic Public Acts
* e1 g7 Z( R; M. T 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- x8 }" R4 ]$ K. J
19. Wearing of symbols
: S* t+ p' i M6 q; ] o4 k3 G 20. Prayer and worship0 G% s3 w' @: Y9 B3 ^0 R
21. Delivering symbolic objects @$ V0 Q" Y' F! C
22. Protest disrobings
& Y( k$ D E! J5 z- M: d 23. Destruction of own property
9 L) V4 S6 E9 ]. N* M. H/ [ 24. Symbolic lights% G* ?8 W3 x+ L2 S+ M
25. Displays of portraits
/ ?5 v0 b5 F' Q/ y" N. a! p 26. Paint as protest
& u' U. i1 M2 n5 z4 [9 X) C+ E) o 27. New signs and names
, s! \3 J: O' t 28. Symbolic sounds
6 T/ t' q1 v' M8 v 29. Symbolic reclamations
4 f4 D8 ~) Y9 a8 i 30. Rude gestures
& D4 ?9 k' a; a7 d- M
( E1 A$ Y8 K8 D; Q" [' O. J4 i- nPressures on Individuals$ s' T6 W# P& K0 ~# ^
31. “Haunting” officials F# T0 P0 w# A" R# A6 O7 }- z0 n+ |
32. Taunting officials
8 F2 u! n7 J$ f2 a- j' k 33. Fraternization
* P& r; Q: X% Q/ e k, V, _ 34. Vigils
a; g5 {- i0 J8 K' c/ u q4 S
0 Q1 C8 b' {" O& U' TDrama and Music
$ m& Q4 u$ x2 Z' E 35. Humorous skits and pranks
& S! @0 ~3 |4 c# O% m5 ? 36. Performances of plays and music
7 l: l7 ~( C; E' ]( t0 ~: Z; L 37. Singing
9 Y) {" ?. m* U F+ A9 Q) N7 |1 P; i( X( b9 k' q, S
Processions$ d0 t0 B7 C# _! n+ E9 a8 f2 c! ?
38. Marches% V1 B6 [; n9 V! {( s/ K
39. Parades# U3 w- y* w, e& `
40. Religious processions; Z" N) V$ n; W$ m7 d
41. Pilgrimages9 j$ x3 q0 x) i0 q' u
42. Motorcades
1 _" B% q9 _2 z2 ~: w1 H9 i* A7 c# u+ v2 t3 ]5 ?8 H' D- N: [
Honoring the Dead! g5 `7 @ c7 r: ~- b* c* p# D
43. Political mourning
& t+ |6 C4 b. c2 r 44. Mock funerals
4 I" j. d! G! E& a: [0 R% b$ i 45. Demonstrative funerals
' E$ R7 D" r7 X$ U8 a5 z; W 46. Homage at burial places
j, T: I5 j( c
+ D: B- e. S1 q2 W) TPublic Assemblies
6 p0 f2 u2 n" l4 f# e3 p/ ]3 @ 47. Assemblies of protest or support ~: Q+ S9 o0 N7 J( d6 n0 h
48. Protest meetings- ^! ` \6 D) P
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest9 z& p6 O: P. i8 i! Q
50. Teach-ins* }2 X+ w, t6 Z( ]0 p5 w; l, u9 Q
3 n2 R/ _ S) p1 ~% AWithdrawal and Renunciation
5 r3 W5 v- i' A 51. Walk-outs
0 c8 ]; R* d" _8 q 52. Silence
* x. e' d# _' b- I, R: {1 U+ ` 53. Renouncing honors
. Q2 Y& r" @! N; V 54. Turning one’s back
% V0 \# ^! e; d9 F5 N% e% V* E; K% A) j5 p' j& K
$ h3 M% ]: K* D2 v9 a- A4 o
, m3 j! {9 J9 d: S. z% k2 M$ yTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! Q$ F% {2 y( w$ P: E0 B. y
, |$ i, B4 z% J4 `, u% t0 f- W9 P
- Q8 X- L/ Q) i
; {% {* z; a6 r2 G* p
Ostracism of Persons
, n# t# \* ~" f3 {& W 55. Social boycott+ k) d$ M3 S4 c
56. Selective social boycott* j" Y2 d- t! s: x H
57. Lysistratic nonaction
# J$ T- }( z! S5 S 58. Excommunication
+ [; j* E0 F& U$ C* [' S, y% P6 i 59. Interdict
7 o8 a6 H5 r! d. ]2 p
/ Q, C. x# C5 G; F& p" yNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
. q0 ~" m6 w3 m& ^ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 N; c" {6 B$ f) \$ s3 w 61. Boycott of social affairs
- D2 R7 U, Q( z: ] 62. Student strike; g. U/ @0 z6 k$ E6 K
63. Social disobedience
( p0 Y3 B& @+ F. O 64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 E- N4 v# d) A; `$ }, {4 E4 M! \
B/ z' g) f0 b& l! C/ N5 d5 w: s
Withdrawal from the Social System
- \% F1 s# W. @) H) W 65. Stay-at-home7 x2 y+ s6 R1 ^" e% m/ I
66. Total personal noncooperation" F) g0 G$ t9 n' y# ]6 c. X; Z
67. “Flight” of workers
# ^% ~- x t4 A) z7 g2 M+ ~ 68. Sanctuary7 M+ ~- r3 U& K. z
69. Collective disappearance* e4 {0 n9 Y8 `1 V# u
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ t2 {8 c2 H @
* G2 |9 l5 M* t3 \0 I/ y
. ]( g! H9 `, L$ @# {1 w+ ?7 T8 ~
" D0 b! p; J7 f7 r$ Y8 n8 p7 r; T
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
" `1 W1 F0 P, `& S, {9 s
% N. b; d7 g) [, f8 m6 M0 Q
6 _/ j* p! [/ K$ _7 @/ ^! OActions by Consumers) b, p5 H( r( ]; l4 N
71. Consumers’ boycott
4 L( B* S# k& O) J/ j+ s 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
+ r" x& G2 \$ }" {; y 73. Policy of austerity& U: z: n0 n* u0 J4 W8 l7 O
74. Rent withholding
8 O$ K& @! s) z. Q 75. Refusal to rent2 Y* T- I" \* K L3 ^" g% b
76. National consumers’ boycott
: o4 a4 J( q0 r5 o 77. International consumers’ boycott3 |& V+ f0 \1 r
4 t* Q9 Y G5 Y7 k) sAction by Workers and Producers0 _: B0 p9 H, k/ n
78. Workmen’s boycott( }1 ?8 Y1 e3 m. q
79. Producers’ boycott
/ w u O$ j" i1 o8 k
$ A; f/ @- h0 C# e2 k+ B2 ^Action by Middlemen$ {) y% |0 s! b6 C
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
/ B f3 W) B! G+ F& H3 e9 }! x) v: K; N- v0 @
Action by Owners and Management$ B' _/ Y* Y$ \" q# {% d8 B) s2 u
81. Traders’ boycott S# _. Z. U5 _, o
82. Refusal to let or sell property% Y6 j3 P [& t5 h3 A0 E
83. Lockout
7 n: I0 N$ ]: o: E 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' A3 O( G8 N3 ]. A: S0 j# X3 ~ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”! H9 J" R- \" n
% J8 O- T' F8 d5 LAction by Holders of Financial Resources
7 L: k& o$ R Z6 }: } 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits# N K( M0 e( D4 l* j
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments6 C' O+ k( v, Y# o* o/ c4 l+ E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
2 q2 z4 e: R* j: R: X( k. d* K 89. Severance of funds and credit, W0 Z9 d: J+ O
90. Revenue refusal
% j# a7 G# }: h4 V 91. Refusal of a government’s money
# B$ b s5 ^$ C. p- A* ?8 b) M5 ` j8 x& L- \
Action by Governments
( B- c {$ y- E7 l+ n4 v0 H4 {) h 92. Domestic embargo. M7 b/ R4 l# B/ } s8 ]
93. Blacklisting of traders( x# L) y% M* v7 o/ Q% _
94. International sellers’ embargo
" F' P+ }& ~- u3 {" @" i+ m 95. International buyers’ embargo
' Q& q4 o q( S; l: a 96. International trade embargo! y q, s* ~" j, K; h5 v9 Y
8 ], ]5 u/ q! P, b' _0 N" u 2 r5 d$ r5 \4 P7 r- h% [ i) @
4 }3 J( Z( S7 z0 s" y: ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ ~: d, L. O8 C
9 n k# r( e; J* S8 @9 o
. g8 I. B5 Y) c
Symbolic Strikes& Q( f7 E( M$ P4 A' P
97. Protest strike5 J! ]5 F" G1 {1 O% k
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 s" \+ E( {1 V& j$ e1 D
& s7 k1 o+ p. D* kAgricultural Strikes4 |! k5 a* ^ ~( U, \
99. Peasant strike
/ C& }& Q" d* d2 d8 } 100. Farm Workers’ strike4 y" a( u. e N+ Z& {
8 w: D6 Y( D& Q* U
Strikes by Special Groups
4 e4 A9 Z+ H6 H; G 101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ K( G" O9 V9 v- X/ U' W 102. Prisoners’ strike
8 e' _9 _8 r5 H# ]+ @, s 103. Craft strike
; P* Z- q0 C9 \: g! R! M$ I 104. Professional strike& F0 f3 [4 F) }: ]' E
( X7 `" s/ o3 _' Z. g
Ordinary Industrial Strikes+ T/ I% V0 s/ F
105. Establishment strike
9 G0 b+ @' u- J f 106. Industry strike: @6 R4 C" Z- \. i0 _% a V( o, w. o
107. Sympathetic strike6 |. D" c- K+ I& V. }2 H+ [
^& c8 H) g( e2 j6 }$ V0 i
Restricted Strikes$ l( ?# R' f: Y+ q8 ]' f( i
108. Detailed strike
. B: h8 ]% L5 B- F' N9 i8 e; m! Y 109. Bumper strike
, ^" g1 C# S8 V) S 110. Slowdown strike
( P8 {/ v' i- ]5 d. P 111. Working-to-rule strike" \* ?9 J3 h" a* D0 A8 R3 m
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
! |7 \! m4 e5 P! }4 |) l& O 113. Strike by resignation
* }) n$ }, |" l$ D3 g6 a' a 114. Limited strike% }2 t+ S, c2 P* s
115. Selective strike
' I- L3 c3 P) H+ e9 W7 M" m4 J/ `+ ?! W, }: k' j6 T; s! N7 t
Multi-Industry Strikes) k/ d& Q) ]4 k8 I
+ h! V, i5 L" b9 @, S 116. Generalized strike/ ]! D! y t2 F
6 ]1 n e! f% X0 b4 X 117. General strike
* |6 p7 }7 m& m( T/ {' o# ^2 g6 P! v B% f
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
+ V b' {' I, L; [0 Y' G1 h" ?& W% z& C
118. Hartal
9 V w/ U' v, B
' B) _1 V* [! e, Q 119. Economic shutdown3 O* f* c6 t3 s) I% ? ?1 S6 `: n
9 P, y' w. R; U$ ? A / v& i3 e( K' p
/ q w1 W2 v8 M2 r8 {THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
! H: w9 m( Z* W ^* b- [8 Q1 B) O+ |* _8 _, s, W
/ Q* Z3 j4 P6 x8 ^( Y6 BRejection of Authority/ e1 ?/ Z. b( f2 n1 `
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance. ~* A' X6 c6 S8 G/ Y& T
121. Refusal of public support- F( k' D, T: d% c
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 M. C3 u( Q2 W% Y, F. b
4 M8 O! r9 u. n$ ]6 ZCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government9 O- Q1 i$ C- q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies, w1 z5 W3 L( l5 _* J
124. Boycott of elections0 s# V* X; Y4 g4 m
125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 B, V8 U% p* U8 ~5 q5 ?$ t2 Y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ |- _3 E! |; Z; Z9 c" [; l/ p
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 [8 t9 M8 J6 z: R" g
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations3 ?( _8 U% D$ A
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents$ o5 Z- Q6 a0 ]9 @
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks" e1 x- L1 v3 P5 O4 ]
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( I0 `8 w- P, y$ V 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
j, l, g4 t4 k/ L; _; R) @# {8 e2 g+ [% W
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ X# ~, j$ M3 o, M3 j, K 133. Reluctant and slow compliance% J$ T: o/ P: ?% E: N1 a
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& N& x, T; e$ U4 g1 @( {! s/ }- a
135. Popular nonobedience% K; c/ E' Z9 m. \
136. Disguised disobedience+ U8 `% h2 T6 G. `- C
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
8 N+ j+ H* R" g8 g( l 138. Sitdown
: | f# e. g w 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation7 v& M& s# H3 [
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities" y$ Z: Q/ L9 D( f! P* r
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ A; |7 K( H, @+ K2 }
/ ^4 ]# @) j0 I& `+ uAction by Government Personnel. i, @( _4 B" n
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' e3 @& T$ e5 P$ P5 R4 e+ S6 m 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
7 K+ [, J% u j 144. Stalling and obstruction+ Y: O& W, d" D1 k' e% Y9 [ { W
145. General administrative noncooperation H4 M* w2 n( W9 {) q/ Q
G; j6 c: P- H 146. Judicial noncooperation
! {' a5 i2 B: d# s. ` 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents: r5 G3 g5 _! K2 ?" a5 d h
148. Mutiny5 H) [' @" f, U2 w3 C% J' ~
Domestic Governmental Action
0 Q7 _1 @3 J0 z8 {" w1 N 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( ~/ A& |! }% O N. v, C0 x% s- g
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
2 `- v* @8 \/ P$ w# J1 ?# T1 ?1 P6 ?6 y9 C% ^
International Governmental Action% ], m$ S% p5 n L [
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations, ~: B7 k; l. o& }) y6 x: j; f
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ b5 p9 p9 I- F+ w5 U" m# x! P; | 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ w+ _/ j# i& m7 Y. h A) H+ J9 r
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% e& g7 f' Q% r2 j0 M- w 155. Withdrawal from international organizations8 \- s0 K& [$ R: m" M. n
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 Z/ s( S2 }/ H2 B9 ? `0 D 157. Expulsion from international organizations
; p8 N7 l# Q: X
) I0 ^6 E( B0 C1 U* \% g
$ U I4 g- @5 E |& @, ?+ _+ Z3 `9 X$ Y
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ R/ I8 M# s4 I. ^: d7 B$ p s5 N
& W2 Z1 P' V$ K
, Z* h }9 f L$ ]2 FPsychological Intervention
( B' o |5 q X5 }7 h9 V$ o& w, ` 158. Self-exposure to the elements, _8 [4 b+ [ V! F* o) V/ F
159. The fast
, {: R- ?: b# D1 U# B+ ? a) Fast of moral pressure. @% l$ T1 t1 e: j& K- E: J0 R
b) Hunger strike
4 Q0 |4 @: p) u4 A c) Satyagrahic fast/ g" m' R, t% c% b5 {) a+ \6 d( R
160. Reverse trial
5 Y$ i6 ?: b. L: T* y/ ~4 \* M6 C- j 161. Nonviolent harassment+ B( P+ a& [, I1 i( N r5 m
$ w: C" o& _" K# `% g- a
Physical Intervention
& s) s# }5 H% j( A1 C+ r, } 162. Sit-in
! _* |0 ]) S$ q! a' Z4 r5 U* z 163. Stand-in' x3 {5 Z/ I) D- O8 z
164. Ride-in
" C( Y% i' f# T5 X 165. Wade-in, k. S; E M& J: U, O# ^7 h6 Y
166. Mill-in
4 p9 `" I& M) t& x Z+ q7 z 167. Pray-in; |$ b- }! n5 n; \" D" v
168. Nonviolent raids
+ P. {; B" b3 I# v 169. Nonviolent air raids6 s$ n7 t: E9 j2 D4 B- z
170. Nonviolent invasion; Z! _5 d4 ^: @3 e1 ` [2 c; Q" Y
171. Nonviolent interjection
5 C$ j' \& r* `4 E( L! X. g 172. Nonviolent obstruction7 J) {5 W0 n. p' B' f0 @
173. Nonviolent occupation
; g, O/ ?/ t7 u U9 D! j6 B9 `$ i; i
Social Intervention
: {: |5 S; w O% g7 B3 N, C, B 174. Establishing new social patterns
& G L1 Q" z b, N7 ? 175. Overloading of facilities
W9 s, E. H- V4 U 176. Stall-in
/ H0 O: I7 O3 h3 ?' F 177. Speak-in
+ n. Q5 Y# d' U 178. Guerrilla theater
7 M3 b/ w+ X. M$ Z 179. Alternative social institutions% Y: Q7 v4 Z) O$ `# o* @
180. Alternative communication system
8 |9 w# r+ m1 }7 v: ~4 x0 k- o( W$ p
, @# H# j& H1 ~9 k: Z/ G! ]Economic Intervention: R* R3 B1 t) e" J
181. Reverse strike+ q K8 u# r; j
182. Stay-in strike. I1 v! x/ _, Z
183. Nonviolent land seizure& [/ l! A6 f) t# B6 w7 w
184. Defiance of blockades
7 d6 Z' o- {# O9 R 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- U/ r9 @8 a) z; J$ x 186. Preclusive purchasing
. P) a. N/ Q9 u4 ? 187. Seizure of assets
8 V7 W6 ?. ]) z% g 188. Dumping
) p" R$ ~* a# [' w 189. Selective patronage7 V: W3 ]0 ^/ f; V
190. Alternative markets
, K4 t' a' q9 f: F1 W 191. Alternative transportation systems7 s# x1 _$ X( H/ M
192. Alternative economic institutions
9 L3 j, g: g/ ?1 q
$ @0 z8 }4 @; F9 O2 @: k5 sPolitical Intervention
- E3 B' j9 L# T" I, u0 z3 g# z 193. Overloading of administrative systems7 Y+ f1 ^. D5 m! Y2 W5 N
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ u |) v7 h/ v
195. Seeking imprisonment
4 k4 C, y( B4 Q2 e 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 v# I# l7 [9 [) C8 z6 Y$ R
197. Work-on without collaboration
" D/ |9 Q k. }; P) s; l 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; P! n+ y7 S' L& \
7 T8 G: c$ _0 M) o7 m z
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
