 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- I9 O h* {9 L# a* `1 Q" aFormal Statements
, M& n4 n8 i. t3 x 1. Public Speeches+ l# ~! ^7 C& U, s4 F
2. Letters of opposition or support
! n- Y3 u; @1 }, D3 ` 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions2 ~- G/ ^0 x7 L& n& z
4. Signed public statements
+ F: b% W) `5 M. J6 ~4 F3 h 5. Declarations of indictment and intention! T5 Q7 Q+ S! f& G' p
6. Group or mass petitions/ D: v9 S O$ g& `! ]
# u; w! \7 ?& T9 Q+ [1 Z. J
Communications with a Wider Audience
7 M8 n5 Z5 H" k 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 u9 O: z% [2 L N& E: ~
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% N- N- G% c& |! Y/ A+ G7 I 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* y: X% n( V- _! V m9 [ 10. Newspapers and journals3 F" h& }4 |! u& s. z. p4 v: T; [8 ^
11. Records, radio, and television
4 P: r% I0 _+ A, X3 N0 H& P 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ N$ E" M# h. p: l
) J" X& u+ s5 e! }& lGroup Representations" r! X0 H- V8 Y1 k3 M* h& U9 T4 Q
13. Deputations
7 ^, z& R0 _+ [9 C+ H5 z 14. Mock awards
: m/ G# _; P c( Q [$ U5 S' u 15. Group lobbying
6 h l& \' K+ J9 | 16. Picketing6 c! B- {* d; t' L. e1 S& E# m! |
17. Mock elections
* r' C7 S! h. t5 O, a6 w
4 `4 Z$ c/ b$ ?$ @: u* t- `Symbolic Public Acts
! i+ H a* s; s' s 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors: n! y" R0 L8 |& j7 t2 m$ T9 z
19. Wearing of symbols
8 @+ |8 z; p2 W- [% V" g: K* v; U: i 20. Prayer and worship
) H" G4 f2 S" Q" X1 `- M' Y2 h 21. Delivering symbolic objects
. e9 ?+ r- ~% p8 j0 G 22. Protest disrobings
. O: L2 e8 z) D* F 23. Destruction of own property
# {% g+ I4 j7 z. L 24. Symbolic lights3 K& ^( x! P L7 Q
25. Displays of portraits: m. U" P' [( ~+ ]7 H5 \9 c
26. Paint as protest
; z( J' Z6 l; H/ }6 U 27. New signs and names' o- n0 Z; G3 N" o7 i% r/ _) N
28. Symbolic sounds8 Q( z- {; ?+ a- O k
29. Symbolic reclamations N, ]. L. x' ?% F/ k4 W
30. Rude gestures1 o. x4 l0 J" S
# x1 [' d4 [% N; [/ ]& FPressures on Individuals+ T, K6 }; \1 b% b8 G
31. “Haunting” officials ]! c; M4 G/ ], [
32. Taunting officials5 r1 s: f6 m7 a7 @$ o3 Y% z# `# o
33. Fraternization4 ^3 u" ?9 W" u. p3 l3 c3 b6 D
34. Vigils
; t# C m* f) }; S+ B1 t0 a1 Y0 x1 @3 v% E
Drama and Music
! ~. C4 b/ U* E8 `6 a$ E9 c7 l 35. Humorous skits and pranks9 @6 ]* `8 [. S( F' B# u; T
36. Performances of plays and music
2 Z; j& e% Z# H) [ 37. Singing7 u- W: s- n1 D% [, T3 c0 c
0 L) G8 Z2 H" H: s
Processions
1 B V4 |/ ^3 \% j N 38. Marches- d3 x5 ?1 z9 Z( ?6 l' {
39. Parades
" g# a8 l7 r- E( c1 `; h+ C0 { 40. Religious processions
, Y: P' O/ J. R 41. Pilgrimages6 X6 g6 v" _/ J) b
42. Motorcades* u8 C9 X7 [5 Z% ]% J- c+ N! q
, Y% \, a; q; x9 o# X& [Honoring the Dead
/ L7 `0 {: r- F4 i7 E9 K& u 43. Political mourning& j. Z6 ] R, X1 r# ?5 H- `: S3 Y8 `
44. Mock funerals" _8 e" U& P& y2 Q, ^1 }8 F
45. Demonstrative funerals
, P; K- V+ @4 s 46. Homage at burial places
; \; E$ Y5 W7 B' I* C2 p( I/ B# [4 p W
6 Q6 T% S- A: g+ |0 ~* z' ]8 nPublic Assemblies& A5 [9 F: t Y2 V7 p7 x& T
47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 D( J6 y1 |/ O 48. Protest meetings( o3 U/ K. O) U5 e9 F- J
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 n2 x/ t/ O% h2 Z" ~: G/ i
50. Teach-ins v6 S7 {7 T! O% F( Z
( H$ j q4 d& {% v, D _8 L5 m; uWithdrawal and Renunciation
7 |1 I& L- J: e { 51. Walk-outs
: @; S- T! ~, d' ?: O9 Q 52. Silence' \( n7 a7 {+ U) ]/ Y5 E0 @
53. Renouncing honors
$ R0 q' `& @5 g8 k6 e* g, y 54. Turning one’s back. ^: {# [" l, J6 t6 L7 Z5 T
: z+ W" d2 S8 {9 G6 s8 u
3 u' ^0 E; ?) W: v9 I0 b# ~+ j( ~: J8 }9 m2 {6 c
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! h4 g2 [- G! L% F8 w/ t
( z3 p5 w' o. Q
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0 J7 ?* j% w% I# tOstracism of Persons
; \$ u( L. `7 W* q# ^ 55. Social boycott
7 w, q X! V4 n 56. Selective social boycott4 Y6 s. z$ F- U, [% k: Y4 F# _
57. Lysistratic nonaction
7 k6 ?* |- x; \, J* r/ r- i: L/ ~' V 58. Excommunication/ b2 g; G) y5 B0 [6 [7 D4 o7 Z
59. Interdict
1 p, _3 ^+ G. k; B) E* u$ N
5 v3 _! C' L2 L; R0 YNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 S! P; j- a0 `& s 60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 M- _1 f J8 D( J
61. Boycott of social affairs, m) P5 i" |( l+ s9 [1 _5 |
62. Student strike
9 S" A! l7 c, e$ K 63. Social disobedience
* _8 D+ U9 o) T9 d6 ]3 h Q7 f 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' o( U; W! `! z+ A9 Y$ j1 P4 c( _. o0 c0 X7 S: v! B$ o
Withdrawal from the Social System
. j5 h$ v7 J" m 65. Stay-at-home9 t, E( B0 S' F+ k' ~6 \
66. Total personal noncooperation, S* _/ ^2 D9 c Q1 d% k
67. “Flight” of workers& [: O/ E) i+ s, K' y5 B) h
68. Sanctuary
2 L( {1 m+ Z& v v4 F1 Q) \* b. d0 y" D 69. Collective disappearance9 B; x% B8 S% y
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)- C8 q" G, M$ g0 ]5 ]& k
8 A" j8 q; [; F& f4 e8 j
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- F+ v/ x, V# Y: ^8 ?
5 ^" \8 p% r2 ] $ N3 L: A: |9 I$ M
Actions by Consumers
% N# s) f6 ~0 j# M6 J) {9 n$ i 71. Consumers’ boycott+ D' |3 a: `' K1 l
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& u# B& K' V& B( x
73. Policy of austerity7 i8 W, I( `! [. H1 o
74. Rent withholding
4 L% j, {+ k% Q) M) _7 O' _ 75. Refusal to rent
7 n; \' t; ?+ a; f; u 76. National consumers’ boycott1 \1 o1 O" H" M$ O3 A
77. International consumers’ boycott
. A* l4 s2 @- G4 s2 G+ O2 E! \
2 }( E& N( y# a5 k% A6 w1 CAction by Workers and Producers( g/ c! R; v: U+ y6 M) M0 ~( ]4 ~
78. Workmen’s boycott8 U% D5 ^- _; D. |7 U2 R8 f
79. Producers’ boycott
7 m8 c x* C) T9 u Q4 [& t8 g+ x
Action by Middlemen
8 Q* \$ |4 [) Z8 X: M# L& m1 { 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# [1 V) x& [3 S0 g( x
$ P1 }( \) i7 ~! k5 jAction by Owners and Management
: F( U2 O. j! V5 {7 @ 81. Traders’ boycott# K* _: H- T b' h. b8 Y3 o
82. Refusal to let or sell property+ O+ }, W# |0 ^
83. Lockout
: Y# V( r+ @& U7 Z 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 @0 f, U$ ?; S/ m2 x# z9 \) \ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ |0 q. R X( {( d( g/ Z$ _2 p/ W7 d0 p$ t! S
Action by Holders of Financial Resources8 ~3 B4 O# [% N
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' x( D7 U" F$ T0 a5 m' y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 a$ e$ z6 B3 Z* f, ^ Q9 I 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- |; s4 U' H$ } S( e 89. Severance of funds and credit( a; r4 H. I7 D1 r4 k# o
90. Revenue refusal
1 u' c; S$ z& t4 P, i: u% f# Z 91. Refusal of a government’s money1 S4 ?- h0 u0 J$ L' C/ R
4 w% v" b. r& L- V
Action by Governments" G2 V' R) s- G; c
92. Domestic embargo; O4 w i7 Z/ d, t/ `" m* w4 N8 r
93. Blacklisting of traders
/ m" q0 M5 j' r 94. International sellers’ embargo
K* ^/ i- D1 j1 o7 u% Z5 K 95. International buyers’ embargo$ v7 P* z3 u" R) N* k% `4 l
96. International trade embargo
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7 W7 [7 Z% q6 VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( u( c: X0 | k) f" u& k
0 Y# `: m# |$ a8 L+ H. ^; `
+ v) m2 Z7 ?' v7 h. K, D0 S( j) g' OSymbolic Strikes
( D3 b6 I8 i' k. T |$ J 97. Protest strike
5 ^+ a9 W4 \* Y/ D: ? 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)% O$ G0 W- _8 Q( s! ?
9 w) X5 I3 N; A) h* ?: N( p
Agricultural Strikes) k1 }# K, @0 q, G5 A5 D! S
99. Peasant strike
3 v' F4 O! |( }' q, h 100. Farm Workers’ strike) S; y2 Z5 R7 S4 z' \8 e& Z: K
, K( C1 E8 m' ^" Z: c* HStrikes by Special Groups4 G; O' y3 a; [# Q: \
101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 I# `; y+ @- E 102. Prisoners’ strike
' I+ f& k$ g6 g6 F- R1 M0 R 103. Craft strike" [- u7 x+ k- s7 Z+ J" L1 H
104. Professional strike
' [$ ]) r. S8 C1 J8 V, e; g" q; j) m' b
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
. S+ D2 F0 R1 Z) Q* o' t g, P 105. Establishment strike- z+ T8 c% \ w! J, x
106. Industry strike |) [" b& X- _) x( M& Q
107. Sympathetic strike
5 M2 v M; _$ O6 S
+ Q2 }4 u& s5 C+ c# e- R+ y- GRestricted Strikes
# F. i2 r( I; M+ g9 ^1 D5 L0 \ 108. Detailed strike" C/ ~7 L' y( `
109. Bumper strike
1 v- }5 e) N6 L6 n! g2 u' s, \0 M 110. Slowdown strike3 Z2 d% ^) S& |9 z
111. Working-to-rule strike; g: N$ c6 }: E2 Y+ t4 _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ H# g }4 `. a+ z" M6 y+ W 113. Strike by resignation" I$ X# L$ X. E& A/ _
114. Limited strike
# j. t3 d- D& D' o6 o1 c6 w) s 115. Selective strike
I; J, v* a. ~5 n1 \$ x" \' G/ F, N* |8 [* I
Multi-Industry Strikes$ ?; z* C- |' A* O3 k
; s6 ]! ]9 P/ ~2 |7 D( U# ~ 116. Generalized strike
# {+ X) V- X6 M' Z" E
C% l2 B! ?) F& A* O8 ~5 X 117. General strike' B! h) z3 ]6 w' y% F9 E$ j0 f
# j" f6 O9 u% e C/ k8 DCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ m1 C. `4 G) N7 N
- S4 }. _8 e# M- U) A/ k' W 118. Hartal) s2 X# i+ V. m X( A1 x, D7 e7 D, N
/ }# s1 `$ ^) P6 d 119. Economic shutdown
7 t Y: w4 ?# k4 A1 Z
2 _5 w+ o- E& Y" _% j1 g; M+ r # @0 H! E6 a* Y1 p: h7 ~
) y+ D6 J6 b$ J! V7 f* M, OTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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6 |) A9 d5 F0 \( O- m1 `+ y
# B- _! ]* _/ z9 V+ o" h7 jRejection of Authority7 r: y1 h2 m, T+ m$ {2 ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
H; I+ H: O% I+ E 121. Refusal of public support
0 R: } N6 y; S 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' p5 l9 e# i4 f2 v- Z
! U, h% k% I1 TCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
$ A$ C/ O8 J* g4 v8 |6 [( U 123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 c1 w7 t' N; l( b
124. Boycott of elections
3 r7 J% b# P9 N3 d4 J 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% x; {$ g! o% i 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 K1 _* j; a- M, s! ~
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 r2 V1 D3 P- D u& m
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations, F, { ^5 S; N
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 l5 v) A' ~2 i 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: `6 Z; j( }9 @8 x1 X+ p 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials9 D* f/ j2 t# Y7 D9 Z! U
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
c) ^) ?9 G) }5 y" x9 v* W$ ]% u& s
" g9 q& d% J5 `- H7 V/ I2 oCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
! S' i/ [3 }' K4 s* D v) K 133. Reluctant and slow compliance) Z6 w7 P% B% v4 x
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
* d, Y/ n2 c0 n4 W. W# F& I 135. Popular nonobedience* u4 H% L: ^: h: t P* r3 k
136. Disguised disobedience
^2 e7 b2 _# V/ F0 ~8 ^ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* q. c# I9 s2 F2 f! F- o [$ G3 D+ l& y 138. Sitdown
S# M8 X3 p( L 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation5 p+ _/ O3 Q' r9 ~& a; |
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
3 k$ i6 K4 | q/ Q( v2 | T* M 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 Y& M/ @9 m6 A4 k$ @
# `/ @" ^0 u/ H2 c% e j1 @2 x
Action by Government Personnel, k& w. h+ I: d) p7 z
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ X- Y8 @' p3 t" ~/ A
143. Blocking of lines of command and information' L5 X$ E1 v& K4 f" h v3 j1 J
144. Stalling and obstruction& @; ~ G4 u, M. J q( k. y3 M
145. General administrative noncooperation! d' T# I( S+ t1 o
$ a: o) f: l. l
146. Judicial noncooperation; f* L. k3 L, |2 P+ r* X0 ~( ]- ^- d
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) ]4 _! |$ X7 s" ]
148. Mutiny/ n, Z0 K+ I8 H( ?6 E" o" _
Domestic Governmental Action" i a; D7 E# r( A4 l2 ~
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
+ o* b( r* M' Y7 l 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units! s u, k7 x1 I+ F- ?& ?- C% O: T
+ `2 h( X1 n, M% PInternational Governmental Action5 @# c7 i; [% v' C6 B5 d E
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations% M! z: c- {4 O
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. ^5 _ R0 Z- c, t" ]* a8 c0 i" X 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition( M P3 T7 {5 f
154. Severance of diplomatic relations* z9 p9 p+ P4 Z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations* O% o5 U5 S+ Q+ S6 d0 n! r
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
% ^) s( B# p& t3 F, V' C 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 _: t5 x4 t2 g6 z+ o+ m
8 A( @! K* b8 L; y4 d. ]
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 o' m. |* Y" ~. M2 o
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Psychological Intervention
2 H' y6 Z- M9 ~ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ j* p' z1 `( y& u 159. The fast
: [- | c/ b, e a) Fast of moral pressure7 R3 V5 E1 b! Y; y
b) Hunger strike
) h) F6 V4 c% x c) Satyagrahic fast
& n* l" K7 J2 m 160. Reverse trial
: d& B* X) O2 c+ F5 d1 } 161. Nonviolent harassment; F% M) O' @$ N2 K9 j
$ g& J1 k3 I$ ^: ?0 j" \Physical Intervention+ S% |9 S% A: Y( y& D
162. Sit-in3 c# G# z4 x$ e) b! B
163. Stand-in
9 ]$ B% q. k: Q1 G& p6 h6 l( ] 164. Ride-in4 q, T/ y# N z) v* {: Q
165. Wade-in6 `7 h" p) p8 F0 f) C
166. Mill-in5 X; t6 |2 t$ C: z
167. Pray-in
9 ]* k5 ^: [" `& m" m! M 168. Nonviolent raids, O% j8 r" |5 s5 l' |
169. Nonviolent air raids3 V% Q# u5 G* x
170. Nonviolent invasion& v& C* d0 T2 S2 M0 T' z
171. Nonviolent interjection
( l# O0 e, k8 j2 H' P* c; C z4 [( l 172. Nonviolent obstruction
, Q( w, y) B5 {7 O" ^ t1 [ 173. Nonviolent occupation1 V. e3 T% ]) ?4 k
. f4 N2 s4 E0 t1 n
Social Intervention
( r! N( F5 U; b1 [9 O/ r: [* u7 C 174. Establishing new social patterns
5 A) u3 t' L; F4 g 175. Overloading of facilities! N7 Y) b- W4 r# d
176. Stall-in' P. ?. Z/ C7 ^2 e& w6 e2 P
177. Speak-in
7 k5 v; `6 Z* r+ S7 k 178. Guerrilla theater
' {- u* a; ~+ _, }3 R# \2 j 179. Alternative social institutions7 o7 Z$ V. S u& A3 \$ s4 J6 g% U7 R7 {
180. Alternative communication system
: M7 r* ?" n3 T0 a# ?
# l0 m# }8 y8 u8 z kEconomic Intervention# q( y+ M- Q! x3 W1 I# |$ D
181. Reverse strike8 p! J2 N- K4 [$ ^- i+ S7 s
182. Stay-in strike
) q" C% o! ?% _1 b6 W4 q+ o 183. Nonviolent land seizure
# g+ ~) L& r: u 184. Defiance of blockades
; _ _( w1 d. U( S( v* Z 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' k/ }0 Y! _! u. ^0 i3 r4 E. f
186. Preclusive purchasing
. V1 W* U {9 g5 b* n7 ~4 P) k$ u 187. Seizure of assets; r& \: G }6 B+ Q2 \- |1 {
188. Dumping
/ f7 C. M e3 X* {; H, T 189. Selective patronage
9 Y/ J' N( g4 D7 j 190. Alternative markets4 d1 }! l2 A; y4 p3 a+ g
191. Alternative transportation systems/ | u2 b& g: b: F7 R
192. Alternative economic institutions
1 l. n2 a2 W2 J4 I h. N1 y S) w% z" A6 C* f8 k* ~ H0 M
Political Intervention" ~6 F' M4 O5 h: d) {! \
193. Overloading of administrative systems9 t8 ~' E1 w2 Z% [7 M6 X
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 Q3 @2 X5 I4 @ 195. Seeking imprisonment) J& s. l2 u& F0 H
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
/ b" n1 k3 {( f' g1 U 197. Work-on without collaboration
& Z. \3 L+ ?5 \! J 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
