 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
z% Y' s1 i1 q: c! m# OFormal Statements
6 Z# V v9 r- b/ y 1. Public Speeches
5 K% T: P: U# V5 d4 E/ j 2. Letters of opposition or support/ _4 P' Q# ?, c) \3 Z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 W; }( X$ ~4 j, e# J* u
4. Signed public statements
/ l- z- K+ U$ K1 E0 _! d 5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 f/ k2 t5 ~' h9 \% W. J& {- J4 l
6. Group or mass petitions
2 y' H2 u% P1 r1 h+ W4 P( X" n6 {& A* U! n) _' a( g/ W- s
Communications with a Wider Audience
6 ?; |, H% U8 |# q# z+ X 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols$ G+ Z W/ {* j9 f
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 c6 e* d' P5 |2 f& v 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, H- f" ^/ R4 K4 z5 o4 S 10. Newspapers and journals+ m% B7 J( e* U( Y* u9 E
11. Records, radio, and television' o1 Y7 _3 x$ ]/ y( `4 V# z' Z
12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 N. l6 }0 r! V+ Q" B! S1 k
! Z1 g7 ? A4 H. h! O. i b2 G
Group Representations4 {, H4 C4 K; k( Z
13. Deputations, n! h0 x: z/ a- |9 p0 X
14. Mock awards& r# \# o+ }. q* t. s
15. Group lobbying) a( }4 p/ _! D: k: A
16. Picketing
2 f X3 _) q6 r3 ^% c/ ^( W @ 17. Mock elections$ f+ h. T' x' {
$ Q0 T* ~$ M$ r7 R/ U
Symbolic Public Acts0 I8 D& Q- T, }% t: E! F
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors0 x) h. s- Z8 D) `/ c& H
19. Wearing of symbols# B* h8 X6 ^+ l. j, j
20. Prayer and worship
% }0 [, D) G* N! G+ s' C 21. Delivering symbolic objects: r& l7 k/ R( j8 e, c4 o) f
22. Protest disrobings
; g1 q6 v) P, a3 H. Z+ W 23. Destruction of own property
& l- x- F2 [3 a% P4 ? 24. Symbolic lights
{+ `: u6 k q: d 25. Displays of portraits
4 y+ D, C3 T- ^; N' r 26. Paint as protest4 [# C2 G( u( H- F, @& ?
27. New signs and names. s K3 m8 x. z, s
28. Symbolic sounds) S9 }+ `- N! [7 N* d* w2 K
29. Symbolic reclamations+ K u& `' [5 o) Z. |! v) \% x8 L( b
30. Rude gestures
) m3 _* Z+ ?" i
: \% x i$ i8 EPressures on Individuals
P( c$ `0 V' i5 ^ 31. “Haunting” officials
, J/ Z, \! @& k% k* I 32. Taunting officials
5 l$ d8 r2 D `% i- w- h( C' r# t 33. Fraternization. L+ h9 z/ Q- v
34. Vigils) U0 f: C( u- p& I
5 Z9 p7 ~0 L( D( V" u
Drama and Music
& X5 u, e: b/ S 35. Humorous skits and pranks K4 |# A9 e) |& d* K5 n [. {/ R( T
36. Performances of plays and music
( D- ]1 U: l6 l' c7 }, Y 37. Singing
2 e0 [8 F! E8 w z) P! o, {9 b( u9 j" n! O; f# ^) @
Processions
9 W! [% G& W3 U4 Y 38. Marches5 X; T' f1 I. |4 V6 s
39. Parades
$ a2 n. h d [8 k 40. Religious processions
: G" T4 H+ @% x" N3 F' }3 }( J2 n 41. Pilgrimages8 u2 b2 N8 j+ N, ]
42. Motorcades0 l g; B) h+ o. C& j
2 T7 g) s! {* H! w5 f8 }6 sHonoring the Dead
! M" Z% N6 W! D) K 43. Political mourning
0 [3 w) {1 C* C6 r! U- m6 c 44. Mock funerals- r7 L/ \3 s- L( k' |
45. Demonstrative funerals: s# c, ?7 D* v9 t+ C1 c& f
46. Homage at burial places
- E5 ?8 @2 i) t8 H c* \/ P, Q5 R- }/ x( d
Public Assemblies w# Z( j2 t. i: A
47. Assemblies of protest or support& V2 K6 i: K2 b( W$ J- g8 H% Y
48. Protest meetings/ |% X; R! c, L; c* j* h- w
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ H( v7 w* o9 i8 C/ M# I9 F
50. Teach-ins6 q/ D+ c+ e4 o" H2 d# }) |3 |
( S2 e5 B6 ^1 u9 f2 A
Withdrawal and Renunciation( t9 @& s1 p+ h) ^
51. Walk-outs/ F# }' e, T0 E+ t. G' c
52. Silence
6 e( n q- P# {3 K' F 53. Renouncing honors+ [1 a' P: f% M; o- n" S
54. Turning one’s back
% o. j, T0 M9 i, d" M
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9 d4 J9 N; s9 h( A8 CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
1 w3 f4 y1 J# ?( ^. X4 f. `5 G! C2 N& o9 U6 H3 r# m
& V/ i$ O- U! f4 p5 b% w* ]$ n8 C5 ]/ }. ]5 w- X" a
Ostracism of Persons+ Q' @% `7 A/ Z7 b0 i9 v3 t
55. Social boycott' F, A5 H5 J$ ?# r0 o
56. Selective social boycott0 K) d4 i& a3 _
57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 V F* `7 H$ j. _* j# D o 58. Excommunication
1 y2 m* }3 G) j- g6 x/ F 59. Interdict h: U; W3 Z: m9 t# b
+ ]! u" d0 g6 O: R* Y# ~Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, B( K9 h# C/ y# A9 v4 k5 q 60. Suspension of social and sports activities6 Q& E* B. |, t/ {7 H
61. Boycott of social affairs d, r; Z( ?7 P3 e
62. Student strike
& I# ?& J4 Y& i0 s* ^+ ` 63. Social disobedience' A! \# F* f' ?$ y$ |
64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 G$ }9 F) W% x0 w. x* b
6 J- R+ Y L Z5 o8 N# R& k* rWithdrawal from the Social System9 U8 [, n8 @; }4 Y$ m
65. Stay-at-home( u, a3 j. v" h6 a# T
66. Total personal noncooperation
& z1 y4 M* m( v2 w3 J( Z, h$ f 67. “Flight” of workers: b$ O: v$ ^. T1 N- j" x' ]- ^
68. Sanctuary3 E! N7 @# V; Y7 W O5 Y; v
69. Collective disappearance
* j/ M! O A& }1 z" H 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
/ V6 S! K& v# H( p* k$ A) K
8 w5 p* g' O# x& ?& {$ H+ K
I5 B) a2 ^9 t4 r4 M- b* o
+ \; }* h! M, I' j5 B# }THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: R# h4 a" G. c8 k: R4 E$ G/ g
: w4 x. ]9 R9 o w( z
, h7 \$ M( ^$ m
Actions by Consumers7 [7 A3 [# Y' @, a" Q. H
71. Consumers’ boycott
, |- ?/ X$ U0 ^/ e+ [ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
- b* l6 a/ X; T8 ]$ E' D$ K- p 73. Policy of austerity2 p' y3 \# u* @6 m
74. Rent withholding& Q9 @5 a) ?* p( }7 w
75. Refusal to rent
5 k' g( }2 e4 }4 I 76. National consumers’ boycott7 K/ o. Z1 _4 B# X; t6 \
77. International consumers’ boycott, j% k8 q" u$ I: m" V
& g/ R1 i$ X' B. K7 l. L
Action by Workers and Producers
) ~% v8 J% J+ n# b 78. Workmen’s boycott
7 W, }( ?2 R7 K- s d' ^3 N4 | 79. Producers’ boycott1 B! n! F8 m4 E w
# s1 ?3 S L+ h6 eAction by Middlemen6 y6 v+ [( R; g
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott, c& K9 S% [! O$ ^ l" l
/ P7 G4 F0 }7 S/ ~" l7 \% B
Action by Owners and Management
* L. B: h$ i) v6 W& h1 V' U 81. Traders’ boycott% Q2 g% J4 F" m6 J3 f- z
82. Refusal to let or sell property
* r" R3 L' u" u& G3 i5 _ 83. Lockout
( o3 Q7 {; a, \ F 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 Q3 t6 [, q2 W8 ?) R" Q 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" y3 V4 p/ G# z$ O3 P) {
& `; U! J4 p! w* H% t$ g& h$ b7 q/ \8 [Action by Holders of Financial Resources5 G/ Y' F% \% `' A
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% p# y$ r6 a, i1 ~- O7 E
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% W$ R2 {+ \: U! c; p A" J( q5 M% E 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest+ h( x5 g' k6 \9 Z! u
89. Severance of funds and credit( z+ s3 a) v: {+ a* [5 I2 O- R
90. Revenue refusal
" w. S% |) s# M- M 91. Refusal of a government’s money* ~$ U* f; V& t/ H& p2 N
* ], B6 s2 {& X3 X9 q4 J8 S6 N9 bAction by Governments9 u# k! @ ~, }8 |0 S- d
92. Domestic embargo
8 Z6 Y, }. Q5 |% d2 { 93. Blacklisting of traders
2 ^. A6 N* P4 { 94. International sellers’ embargo& v% w6 W/ a, s6 P
95. International buyers’ embargo* C0 o7 {' V! R. G3 J) G, |! s
96. International trade embargo0 W# g. `' n( C8 i0 F/ x
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% I5 n$ `* C2 h
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- n0 r* H% L7 VSymbolic Strikes' ~- m' O! g3 k' c
97. Protest strike
& \* T' I& ]9 c- n' A 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ K& U1 t: p- ?* ^3 X! D
E1 U6 K& l. C0 B& r( I7 ]$ G
Agricultural Strikes( B1 d" w' ?! m8 W% ?2 l% `; h
99. Peasant strike
8 |: x( k4 H0 W1 P$ F$ l 100. Farm Workers’ strike. R3 e* x/ u3 C' b! A( k
# l) O+ D* q' n" |8 \6 e8 rStrikes by Special Groups
2 l7 K" V u. `; N& H% q: } 101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ e+ e+ y2 v9 J2 B+ W 102. Prisoners’ strike. E/ u( y5 y$ q
103. Craft strike
1 G2 D- q9 _5 }, e' o+ C1 V 104. Professional strike
* }- p# m8 y/ ~
) R- e g, G' q* h. nOrdinary Industrial Strikes3 B+ J4 J ~: F+ n4 E( ]0 Z% `
105. Establishment strike
. o& b E/ a# b# }( k 106. Industry strike
) L* Z9 v& v- q* e3 Q1 B: N2 T 107. Sympathetic strike& `4 \% Z4 k: J) f% s+ Y
% L& _* B9 N5 f( t, Y* x+ |) R- |! H
Restricted Strikes
9 s3 h" `0 t1 }( d% m' h Q 108. Detailed strike
6 X) D3 C: e2 U! h8 `# U1 ?$ { 109. Bumper strike
# m2 Q6 e, z, [9 H) R; t. W9 Z 110. Slowdown strike+ c' Z' h0 c, \' |9 k/ b
111. Working-to-rule strike) y i3 m7 P" S8 ?( _7 [/ o
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ p# f: j' q. V5 O8 s' _ 113. Strike by resignation
. E$ c4 o6 s5 L 114. Limited strike5 g, X+ ? I0 n5 ~- i' o
115. Selective strike- }: K( j; e$ s$ W0 j* t( |6 L- T
" p* V( b9 ^9 Z" [+ N4 u2 m, @Multi-Industry Strikes4 n; t# _/ n- v, l! D0 i I, \& y
$ n _, l2 ?0 w- ^ 116. Generalized strike- H. Z' o) G* G1 s6 J o" f
" [0 T; k7 N* Y7 w6 u. |7 N 117. General strike
2 e3 ~, A% T, k( j+ r
# N0 v) J8 i: S# g3 X' ^Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures7 c$ l( H! _5 l
: P# D: r/ W b# X) f, L5 ]
118. Hartal
- a# ?: T1 S$ L
6 i$ ^4 K5 i* e6 L 119. Economic shutdown& E' J6 w P3 w/ p! D6 {) f; W. y
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8 r( G; u' z5 e" [& s7 F2 jTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 z7 X1 d/ p* e0 _) ~" S
6 }% M4 G- a* j( U) Y: c
! C& ?8 Y2 G l, v/ `/ a9 [Rejection of Authority5 X- M3 e0 v& X6 }
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance! n7 q" J# D. v! _
121. Refusal of public support) c) x. M0 A/ u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! N q& D5 _) [$ @
# G$ e! V" v8 m" Z( J# ?: BCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government( T, j$ x7 x$ ~0 u) ^
123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 c2 ^) l _& F. q, P# x% Q
124. Boycott of elections
" _8 n3 Y }9 [3 Q0 ^ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions J$ l& O0 f8 [8 }+ ~
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 f6 J/ K/ E: S& n( N1 i! g
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( p+ ]2 z8 n" `2 g" G
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( g3 }5 r& X, _% c, N
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ d" P2 d2 W% U9 v# K 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 o. Z& T7 x; ^ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; U( f* x! N1 ?& @) G
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
R' T& Z6 E A0 o* c
7 e4 M2 E, x) O4 V* \/ @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- y* r% `& ?$ s$ M# I( e7 O+ ^ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 ^) r; k4 K# ^& n- n
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; i/ m* K: p, K6 ^! r* h4 M T7 T. o 135. Popular nonobedience& P3 ~4 [+ B2 u: }3 Q
136. Disguised disobedience
) F& }) C+ P6 \5 z/ A" m 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 p2 T5 E9 x/ d5 u; Y6 p& D
138. Sitdown f3 t: K; {6 A
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# k- J$ g: c0 H' u, I 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* y; s4 `% R1 j
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ E3 ~2 b1 p: i
1 R8 w" }8 U$ A
Action by Government Personnel8 E- H8 G) v, L
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 c9 t) ~2 B+ C
143. Blocking of lines of command and information: o P% }( D# ^- l8 ~
144. Stalling and obstruction4 ?9 k& \. p% j* M' [ l
145. General administrative noncooperation
( ~( q* ^4 c+ c+ ^' g$ r& G8 I2 D" T0 R! e8 q2 R
146. Judicial noncooperation3 l/ W! K( _" ^3 V# W
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# s& f: g7 U1 u3 Q6 t
148. Mutiny
3 Z0 h5 ]$ K3 o; K3 Q( oDomestic Governmental Action) N/ W8 ~6 I: n
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' y& [" o ?1 ^) M5 F5 t 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
) ]3 t3 Y! M, u% E
9 o; p9 p- t6 g2 H: _$ R$ `International Governmental Action( {+ T9 a) H0 h7 q/ e1 \1 M( }
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations t; f1 E1 Z' x7 }7 ]" M6 i! v
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) t3 b9 S- x6 [4 \' Q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 p) O# Q, M2 M2 I
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 W; T0 A. K0 P5 s: m 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 W. i# K; p$ j6 u; ^) e/ h \ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ M/ X% {, h2 `& C6 I 157. Expulsion from international organizations
% W+ w9 p( Z3 ^6 f8 _( c( \) @$ E6 V
. T0 {5 A/ C7 \$ v9 _/ X
+ B5 d; g. F0 G% x0 S" pTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 ]) c- I5 k& _, [
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Psychological Intervention+ D& A9 T6 c9 N, F% g) F
158. Self-exposure to the elements
( z6 ^" L, j' Y* ?* S6 _/ [" k 159. The fast
' A2 w* f: E* G a) Fast of moral pressure* J- |# c2 }$ v0 N
b) Hunger strike
, E; k2 y2 A! o' ]) L+ ]+ C c) Satyagrahic fast
( c8 o- R' _7 v! E1 R i$ q8 F 160. Reverse trial
+ B; O+ P! A9 ^7 C( A- E: i 161. Nonviolent harassment" i4 y0 H( u/ S: V6 h+ R' j, S, K2 s
; K+ w' b7 T! G1 N3 U5 R Y
Physical Intervention
& H. \, O* K7 h4 x 162. Sit-in
$ @. C# \3 c& p2 V$ _; @0 o" D( m 163. Stand-in) D# g4 U$ x; r, X, c0 ~2 a
164. Ride-in9 C4 z8 o# f4 E v
165. Wade-in" {5 y. V! R& y; H5 P% |
166. Mill-in
7 ^! H, E6 L' G$ z. A0 n# i 167. Pray-in! \5 a. ]" t# y* v' Z. ~
168. Nonviolent raids5 x6 l% G. q8 n) A- A! o6 J
169. Nonviolent air raids& m0 s% }1 `% n/ s( H7 z
170. Nonviolent invasion
- ~5 e) C; A% ^" M! e 171. Nonviolent interjection- z& Q0 B9 C0 a% f- o, _6 [. N2 ^
172. Nonviolent obstruction
+ d7 T3 @; r: e4 U$ Y$ m 173. Nonviolent occupation* s- u1 U/ ^! g
6 F. S6 j% |% ^1 s& Z' ZSocial Intervention& L5 f8 H& ]; X
174. Establishing new social patterns
! b2 G8 q/ W7 V0 c 175. Overloading of facilities( E2 f R( V, g
176. Stall-in
/ L" ~. B; B6 c 177. Speak-in* s) g( A) _0 Q+ m2 O8 Q1 k; B
178. Guerrilla theater$ @1 N: d3 d( ^7 U
179. Alternative social institutions% P) `4 j1 F l, f! k ]' v
180. Alternative communication system! `0 W( W+ |! p- ^/ Q$ v
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Economic Intervention
4 q: l4 u* R! s: t" G) ~ 181. Reverse strike3 H: A; \& z( `8 O
182. Stay-in strike
! Z/ X0 g2 T6 G- N2 N9 r7 a& d; F 183. Nonviolent land seizure$ a8 J: {" U! j6 _
184. Defiance of blockades+ p( ]% z2 y6 |/ U& F6 B/ h8 D
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. P2 Y' V4 I! W0 n
186. Preclusive purchasing
% y. s" R- Z1 q& h+ Y 187. Seizure of assets0 F1 Z2 H) `6 `; O9 T
188. Dumping8 C" `, ~) @7 ?( U% v$ O
189. Selective patronage
5 e- C5 P2 K, h1 R' R 190. Alternative markets
o& h) f# C4 U. K 191. Alternative transportation systems
+ W& P+ y# R5 B! I. X 192. Alternative economic institutions! ?6 }2 X" s- t! X
3 [& p! ~7 Z+ p" U
Political Intervention
5 j2 G5 @/ K9 P 193. Overloading of administrative systems# z3 g" d' I# b4 ^) M. i
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
5 q! p, }& p9 y p 195. Seeking imprisonment
0 G3 K- j' W/ Y5 u+ Z5 m$ q; |( B 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) N* q( f% g6 J7 e7 s3 Y 197. Work-on without collaboration
! P/ x' v8 r2 l4 f2 d% i5 B: U 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
