 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ g; \1 @0 G3 ~; k' h
Formal Statements' V0 s7 _8 Y) W m$ m. I
1. Public Speeches& G2 p# a( i/ {* }! k
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ L, B0 p3 f) ^/ U2 J 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions$ z8 v: ]4 Z1 Q5 ]' _2 O4 ^ a2 E
4. Signed public statements9 `5 S% Q/ v% T5 I! ?
5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 W; Z0 |: [) n+ i W* W
6. Group or mass petitions
/ r5 y6 G, `9 V. o- J5 n- o, d: a) h! O# O
Communications with a Wider Audience3 K* g$ M' V6 X
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 c! ~+ h0 R8 |2 h# I0 w1 L
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ H. \! x/ C3 ^1 Y! _
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books3 E; v" u1 h+ ~* |1 G4 G
10. Newspapers and journals7 |& R, o" X+ }' d: O: u
11. Records, radio, and television4 h( t' d5 p/ `/ s4 [* l0 t
12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 X, g& q: L; r- O8 I5 r! {$ c
# \# D! b' G( K D' a
Group Representations
( W3 C% O/ ?. g! W; e$ ~. W 13. Deputations
- a! x) ]3 U! N5 ~ 14. Mock awards
5 d) k" N- `/ u- I) z1 U 15. Group lobbying
# k& ]' b* D% M0 ^ 16. Picketing2 D+ n5 E" E/ V; R
17. Mock elections+ t# y; v& G, r9 `- m
( m* }% w& B# l$ h$ L
Symbolic Public Acts6 h! A" z. D2 Z) n
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( G! x+ V2 E: V" j6 [
19. Wearing of symbols
8 J, a6 X8 Q) r 20. Prayer and worship
& U6 d7 q/ A. R 21. Delivering symbolic objects
- x, [" D- z* S5 H6 [4 H6 v 22. Protest disrobings$ q$ g% f0 d: P9 F
23. Destruction of own property
$ L+ ~0 n. ~7 p- t3 l' E Q9 Y 24. Symbolic lights
2 N$ E1 y- O( |' L 25. Displays of portraits; `3 n; M4 P4 R0 ?8 Z6 D: B3 @/ ?0 W' a& V
26. Paint as protest
- N, a8 }" u! J. | 27. New signs and names
4 _- t$ ^4 R8 t6 B5 X 28. Symbolic sounds- N2 k3 k' P. Y# r% u- W" E0 `
29. Symbolic reclamations8 q" K& H1 Z' B, U# A3 K( \
30. Rude gestures
7 z3 s# p% H; q& a' E1 @- Z3 o( s
; l* N: Q/ O& F, a/ i CPressures on Individuals" g) J9 c; F8 E, Z
31. “Haunting” officials. `/ I5 }6 j) Y7 {7 Z3 r
32. Taunting officials5 q( D3 P- r M7 R! a
33. Fraternization0 o/ M4 b$ U+ Y; U
34. Vigils1 @0 \% X/ J" a( i7 B
' x" t' ^7 Y. P3 u
Drama and Music1 ^) d4 G9 ?: P2 j: E1 ?. w
35. Humorous skits and pranks
, @1 l* Q# J" n0 e. D5 @ 36. Performances of plays and music
, e0 E: r% d) O2 t2 h! D 37. Singing0 w" T$ E+ U+ j4 C& }/ J! w/ r, }
7 l- X) w) j6 c1 r: ]& j
Processions
* ]# l D$ r% C" K 38. Marches7 o( v" S6 f# Y1 J0 o
39. Parades* z* m* b1 B$ ]0 t
40. Religious processions6 b: |3 j5 x2 M& i$ g0 Y+ _
41. Pilgrimages9 M8 w/ s. f0 L# x6 ` N0 l
42. Motorcades
( A3 z3 ^* q* }9 x
8 w: v ^6 f; a! aHonoring the Dead/ m9 Z0 i+ Z* d7 R
43. Political mourning
" I! ~0 x# Z U6 ?; ] 44. Mock funerals
* e, h8 Y" W3 L3 R! M) b' `7 K 45. Demonstrative funerals
( w! |1 Q' _ k6 z) o 46. Homage at burial places
2 l) L2 E& F& v
$ [+ {+ \1 x# N2 V9 l4 kPublic Assemblies
3 U; @1 U5 j8 `0 j7 a 47. Assemblies of protest or support
0 t4 |/ A2 i7 r5 d. W. n 48. Protest meetings$ _$ s9 n& h) Q' R. Z! W, S
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 @6 H1 z. ^) O* p8 p; |) O, R 50. Teach-ins
- M" ^" g8 G& a9 B
8 @7 _) I% z6 G/ q" W( OWithdrawal and Renunciation0 I4 W: r+ e2 v/ y
51. Walk-outs
/ J, }6 I% ?- r 52. Silence. x) j5 L- c: l
53. Renouncing honors/ [, b2 M7 E1 n" E( ~
54. Turning one’s back
9 t; `1 h7 S$ L; n* d) c- E' a
! M* L7 \( V/ m- d( l! B + z: b; d3 u1 C3 q
2 t& t( m% V* V2 w6 H0 F7 w" A6 f* MTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION) T) |* `9 n1 ^
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' w: l& R7 R. r% z+ |Ostracism of Persons
w# h- T" q0 A9 T, ^ 55. Social boycott% k `3 I4 e/ u3 x; i/ p
56. Selective social boycott
& g4 U C9 ^8 J v) P0 H1 N 57. Lysistratic nonaction& Q' M$ f) t* l2 m1 _7 R4 b
58. Excommunication
4 A* b. j! p6 C) E1 ]' f4 R9 U 59. Interdict
3 ]; S0 f: @" c% [
. e7 g: d2 Q& J+ I( SNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& G) B+ z& z7 s2 Z 60. Suspension of social and sports activities; i0 T) K: y3 w8 \# N# i/ I
61. Boycott of social affairs
3 k3 P, a! t1 @0 ~* G6 o, D$ h! v/ T 62. Student strike" |, @1 V# U/ z
63. Social disobedience7 o( m/ Z" ~0 ]) E% V
64. Withdrawal from social institutions! s I9 R+ q2 c7 V- N
& o# o' u0 Q9 c; n4 A6 Z0 WWithdrawal from the Social System
$ ~# ?! o _' ^' U7 R0 @/ A7 o 65. Stay-at-home
0 F4 W) E7 d* i7 I! ]* `2 ~, u$ W' d 66. Total personal noncooperation% e/ D/ U' T$ X, s9 ^. K
67. “Flight” of workers
" w3 U4 s2 U X( {& o 68. Sanctuary
( C: b. X" _( v+ Q1 c [' C 69. Collective disappearance
; g2 ?; T, x, r- z$ O0 `% u' ]+ c 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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+ ~6 u8 n" v5 o6 ]5 Q4 X5 N$ x$ ~3 Q2 |- Q
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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4 v! v6 x9 {% t! _; jActions by Consumers7 L4 N' ?1 s& Y$ f
71. Consumers’ boycott
' i6 ^6 G$ n$ g9 W$ I 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 p/ H& l' Q+ m4 Q/ B$ _. j# C0 E 73. Policy of austerity ]: b1 i+ y4 ]7 d
74. Rent withholding
0 v3 [9 J4 e; v. ~ 75. Refusal to rent/ u# L1 o+ Z4 u) j0 _
76. National consumers’ boycott
4 E1 k& h# e1 L% J) ]& P } 77. International consumers’ boycott1 a6 r3 a& X2 e) o, e
3 Y( @; r: A+ t9 _. [
Action by Workers and Producers
, M& V' p, }, k: ^ 78. Workmen’s boycott8 `' z! s( j: X8 d/ x: Y9 B+ s
79. Producers’ boycott
^! ]+ R4 H5 r
2 u7 q, x7 ~, R" IAction by Middlemen
/ K4 C" R: \" L# u 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
2 @1 V6 s8 {) a
/ R/ l7 E* e6 `Action by Owners and Management
1 V- X7 Q4 O s2 V3 ?, f h 81. Traders’ boycott b3 F+ Z# M3 q& L6 C, R
82. Refusal to let or sell property
$ R/ e: F( S" |. X" i. o( Y ] 83. Lockout
# g1 q9 M% i9 Q2 C 84. Refusal of industrial assistance& j& s, r5 [9 e
85. Merchants’ “general strike”& z* U; E# @; B r. p
7 L7 X5 t2 D. j' n3 o* t
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
/ D0 X3 g) F3 v+ J7 F 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ ^ {' g: l4 C# z5 X0 i4 t
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
* s/ }+ r. V9 F' `$ l 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( d0 x' k) O+ ? 89. Severance of funds and credit' Y0 R1 I6 l, U' j0 {6 \/ C! j
90. Revenue refusal3 c) |9 k# t; u: [6 ^7 J, G
91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 H0 |$ O" @8 _' ?& m: s* i* l" {) ` r
Action by Governments
( e( X5 \2 }( N6 \# t 92. Domestic embargo: c( G) ?: g8 n' U& S8 p
93. Blacklisting of traders" _' t" j5 _6 S1 s- I, ~
94. International sellers’ embargo
0 y; j+ T+ I! y/ h# H9 W! y w 95. International buyers’ embargo
7 U V* U" E8 N& Q+ B j 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE) t- T! f0 l7 x( t: X ?+ e
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Symbolic Strikes9 S" ` B, {( T }
97. Protest strike
# X G! i% f0 Q9 b4 ~; D+ t 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 _2 s) z9 p' |9 N! K% z" P
: R A5 s7 A% X7 B0 Q1 i
Agricultural Strikes
/ {5 v4 ^, k% w( v7 b" |+ l% o. ? 99. Peasant strike
* d4 }, H* X2 m7 z \! Q 100. Farm Workers’ strike
" W/ l. r0 y h+ T6 G
9 W* U t& s+ {4 v/ o, O# R' `Strikes by Special Groups
2 G3 h* G& ? C& _ x 101. Refusal of impressed labor
! V: s* |8 s; y* G* {* m 102. Prisoners’ strike G. _1 d8 j$ L- \1 V' ]; v1 y
103. Craft strike
: a& [6 E1 j5 ?, b 104. Professional strike" V# ^/ ^# R8 S G$ n% h3 e' L( _
' c. S" P- E2 l1 d0 k% m
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
: Z) K4 P; l& B' h$ e 105. Establishment strike
* G( f; A, w Y) `4 }; u 106. Industry strike
* X" f5 x5 K; s d0 R |% [- n' R; ` 107. Sympathetic strike6 Q$ f1 q O* p& {" E. t, t
1 b; z3 H3 W% T8 r2 N# u' w
Restricted Strikes
- a2 Y F1 a% Y8 {4 }& z3 M 108. Detailed strike8 q8 i) I1 ^' |5 h" \- F
109. Bumper strike
) y1 W2 }: n) ]' Y7 O5 D, |" F& F 110. Slowdown strike) v5 ]1 {3 w8 Z$ [$ ~( t+ F' a3 d, d
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ a8 f* I2 y! D' F+ U/ Q7 [ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
, E8 Z# E% `9 u3 X2 F 113. Strike by resignation( T: i- c4 o" _. o3 f
114. Limited strike" l5 D9 k5 `+ B3 a7 Y
115. Selective strike: e& f9 A8 H6 j9 [
* e* r8 w( r2 L) z- j
Multi-Industry Strikes/ z, [3 K0 Y9 r P! I7 R! D
+ v! u, h( @3 B* z$ }4 R
116. Generalized strike
, b2 J% f0 P; O+ l8 ]3 ?1 ~4 S+ @6 Y5 e2 M8 V3 U8 z# o6 {
117. General strike
6 W9 S. G& i2 F6 H x
' V2 i) g; o$ Y# @, X' LCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 n& M) h. d, B
# L4 |% x9 a* \! |4 } 118. Hartal
1 a" ~! `1 Y! q. Y3 s$ J8 s
9 e$ ^9 z7 D1 K 119. Economic shutdown6 v7 P8 c/ U6 J" P
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5 W9 F! G9 q. z6 y# Y
& s2 S+ O" a$ v; T3 b# J c0 MTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# o* W, g. ?* i- T
2 {- R0 l- D( h3 H- {3 G% R ; V$ \: s; c7 n2 Y" k9 f- V \
Rejection of Authority$ e. R5 y2 H) Q
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. B& l1 f0 c2 j" j# L9 \ 121. Refusal of public support
5 h; L/ y1 F, @/ Q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 l, g! J( f9 E; P3 c
! {* T8 u2 Z7 L' C) l$ q$ C( ?3 n' NCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
7 X1 L3 q) A9 D9 i7 G4 m 123. Boycott of legislative bodies9 D4 u! b3 i) |9 A6 J. u6 F+ e
124. Boycott of elections. C: v7 O. S! r- E
125. Boycott of government employment and positions3 F2 Q0 @# v" O& d# q& D1 L0 W
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
1 |1 l1 a3 P# \+ |+ d$ _$ k& g3 z 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
/ [$ @5 a d; n z: {7 j. m' [2 T 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# b; s) L- N. a3 d; ?3 {9 _3 {7 G& Q
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 {6 t% l3 n6 G. {! R! t 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 W/ G: ^, T+ I) r Z
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials# ?) F, T1 D+ c% {
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
6 @: ~+ |8 }6 _8 @0 H( Z) v; X+ [8 K4 G$ G- y( p
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 f' M; K: x; e% y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance- f0 N' v) |* s( o- l, m4 C+ x4 ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: l" o5 ~1 ?# b0 |/ _: Y* C
135. Popular nonobedience" ~/ t2 o* }: a( p( Y' Y
136. Disguised disobedience
1 Q2 u: J6 {5 P/ g 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ q! s2 C/ X q3 n. c 138. Sitdown
" N! ?% Z1 E, W" o1 `6 V 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 G% ~ m" w, L; n 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities# i4 J' n: p1 H1 G8 c5 |1 H0 C& W
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
( B. X, g: n& ^4 T: K! l0 {9 c, j+ b' G% o
Action by Government Personnel/ x6 l; F" z: N4 H$ ]8 \9 w
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: W8 k3 h- u8 U# \& W 143. Blocking of lines of command and information) M) v$ i5 ]; `, n) o1 T! N
144. Stalling and obstruction
7 f/ Z$ T& O9 M8 [9 W/ u 145. General administrative noncooperation- [+ s; n* o; ~
2 ?6 y' g2 ^4 s8 ?! x 146. Judicial noncooperation& D6 V6 O2 ~+ o2 P, I4 H
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 Q- ]9 i; f6 `
148. Mutiny
8 f* a" L, {4 V- N# c4 w5 eDomestic Governmental Action
2 H) q, Y/ G, a 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays5 M2 t' M9 N" l/ c- U
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 E4 h. K' E9 M
% R: Y) H: R1 C9 [International Governmental Action, P P8 H, K* K# i# k/ w
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& {1 z, f4 ?$ S1 C$ k+ _, m1 o
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ q2 N; b* ~9 B& R' g8 c# y
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* |; D9 b' b0 x# M% k2 l 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 X/ e, ^7 S& g6 C 155. Withdrawal from international organizations. _2 ^2 \1 y1 C6 w, y
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 D7 h" v+ e3 J/ G. Q 157. Expulsion from international organizations
7 D5 K: i/ A% @+ x& u% z
7 S6 x/ ?1 B8 R
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4 Q3 E$ g: t8 @' `9 @: hTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* m% |) ]1 Y7 d+ I: C5 q
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Psychological Intervention' g4 m' P! }6 o2 T7 k
158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 g \ s( |7 [4 c+ o- c9 i 159. The fast
; K5 q' o, q' T: b) F a) Fast of moral pressure
; P' l: v% E3 `" s& @: Z* M* S b) Hunger strike, ]1 O* v4 `$ [
c) Satyagrahic fast k& |3 M3 X6 r4 Y- `9 T$ v( u4 {
160. Reverse trial/ b) f' \1 v# p
161. Nonviolent harassment
, V) z/ ?/ W0 m
( r9 }: T4 V+ _6 X% |Physical Intervention
/ } N1 t2 D8 J) U# _9 M 162. Sit-in
' x. ]6 F, L. w6 I3 j3 S8 V 163. Stand-in* N: S5 R( o' Q# i7 S9 C$ x- N$ J
164. Ride-in/ U8 E* j, t! Y# ? { k; `
165. Wade-in: D/ B$ w6 D9 B2 G* J: x3 q
166. Mill-in
" R: S5 `6 N& |6 ~; r; w& c 167. Pray-in4 f; M! e& }, Y9 A9 w( k: W2 ^! ?
168. Nonviolent raids
! ~( f5 [. x. a& j' ?* ^# ]! N 169. Nonviolent air raids
+ V( y# W& m) _2 q; t 170. Nonviolent invasion
. Z" j5 C7 N- v- i* e) N 171. Nonviolent interjection% y* K: }' \8 }4 @+ ?" |8 X
172. Nonviolent obstruction% X- R! p* @' C: A
173. Nonviolent occupation5 g( s; C2 }/ D8 @* X
9 v+ g/ f: T: M! O
Social Intervention; H9 I6 P( p4 k
174. Establishing new social patterns
( X- n9 Z! g% P+ T/ l 175. Overloading of facilities
3 k6 c, |/ R8 j- T; R 176. Stall-in
0 L8 H% r/ b( q8 M 177. Speak-in
3 T- I! O: f+ b: \) o6 I 178. Guerrilla theater: K; u) x9 y; G+ _
179. Alternative social institutions
3 {2 s5 J: G2 C8 E9 m8 e, W 180. Alternative communication system+ B. U! c$ v( B$ H5 z/ L
/ @ P* x5 \3 L$ `- {8 f3 Z z1 gEconomic Intervention: c* o& a8 W) p" D1 t( r2 B
181. Reverse strike) V% c( d( Y) Z# u
182. Stay-in strike; }- i4 K4 ?* ~" x0 \4 a8 n+ o
183. Nonviolent land seizure; V0 u3 s+ O- r+ |
184. Defiance of blockades
4 P2 p, O( u3 z' x! P4 J& H 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
, t' h1 T, X& n! q 186. Preclusive purchasing
1 g" m# v: P: g% h3 s0 V# S1 i 187. Seizure of assets
+ h/ r8 B. z3 c6 n3 N N, _0 U, Q 188. Dumping
6 N/ n& ^6 o4 f1 F! J 189. Selective patronage6 }# @# Y! t7 ~& ~$ P
190. Alternative markets
2 b1 d1 d9 S, Q3 V. b- e0 A 191. Alternative transportation systems
5 }( e6 B4 i2 i* x4 d 192. Alternative economic institutions
' h) y ?! N' X8 K3 b8 |% s1 s E' d( @9 F' C7 |
Political Intervention
6 u* u l3 X1 y" A) x0 d8 ] 193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 K1 ?# M6 w( H" `5 o7 z" }5 O O 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& E6 d9 k/ p( g- Z6 }- r5 X 195. Seeking imprisonment, D' J# z: k3 k- w" l( w9 ]% ?
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ X, @4 \# s1 c, u- A
197. Work-on without collaboration4 S7 ]) }3 U1 {; X, U
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) h/ n4 Z8 J& R6 L7 U3 J' N; W
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
