 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( b% v5 o0 U3 TFormal Statements
6 H6 e) E; j2 }5 e 1. Public Speeches
* U) p L$ o: ?3 _ 2. Letters of opposition or support+ f F9 O' B% b% ]
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( {/ t# F7 t$ V" h6 g
4. Signed public statements
5 K% f' {- U* u$ S; Y6 F 5. Declarations of indictment and intention; h. _! T' @- z* J' R& A
6. Group or mass petitions% p1 {8 Y1 |! {9 \' ?
9 m/ w& \. e" ]8 f2 @0 s
Communications with a Wider Audience' g ]0 }: Z/ N2 J8 v* ?" i8 x
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, y+ |& z4 M) N9 G! \) e 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: _6 N$ a7 g7 j& u( W/ G 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ J- t( H1 o: @/ Q( t$ o
10. Newspapers and journals( T9 F2 u# x% ?- U
11. Records, radio, and television7 ?6 ~0 {5 Y& |- R/ K; _ l, B6 J
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 ^6 {6 T V+ Z* _1 ^$ C9 L5 s0 W6 `$ A) Z: Q. y5 U
Group Representations
% A* p H8 e& X& u k$ ?7 G 13. Deputations
. D' j. Z1 y- Z4 l0 F 14. Mock awards7 ?* z% S4 [; B8 ], i; M+ p) s
15. Group lobbying! F- W8 w: g& _+ n# k7 _
16. Picketing
1 P% p9 l( o% d$ r0 f( | 17. Mock elections
! Y; W+ |( N: H% W) y2 j5 s
" O( r) y9 W% Y |/ _Symbolic Public Acts
: \7 ~/ b* s2 C! [4 N! H( _ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* h2 \$ y9 S4 b9 X# J' s 19. Wearing of symbols H5 t+ w5 j8 x' U1 n5 A
20. Prayer and worship
Y% @, R Q7 Y5 A 21. Delivering symbolic objects. u: a4 R+ z/ x, v5 s: D" M* b
22. Protest disrobings. A+ h* w. M3 f$ y, v
23. Destruction of own property
9 r' x* k+ b& N+ { 24. Symbolic lights
/ x: F& c; b: C" v0 B 25. Displays of portraits
0 ^# x9 B1 @. T$ h 26. Paint as protest
: R# B) T' E8 M* ~4 `! ` 27. New signs and names
M& }. \ |* o% R% X. n, N$ { 28. Symbolic sounds
. ^9 K# d0 `7 H2 _! Q g 29. Symbolic reclamations( d/ C% v- R1 {! Z$ {$ J9 n7 ?. J
30. Rude gestures" Q* Y, _' ~, n! W% D- O% b0 E4 @
$ R$ E& A! W; l' n3 `: Z- jPressures on Individuals' m" Z' s# \$ a
31. “Haunting” officials
7 f' K: U5 Y) H% Z% o 32. Taunting officials4 C. z* A- w; ?1 R' O
33. Fraternization# J$ p) U @) ], ]# o
34. Vigils
& [$ y; M0 e' u Y
1 p7 t8 p: i) U6 t- L. Y7 BDrama and Music( o- c& [( {% t0 t" X
35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 ~3 f7 {; M+ L 36. Performances of plays and music; ?& [9 f8 M3 b
37. Singing! i8 q0 a* f8 { C" e
. h, r$ c: [* ]9 o1 X3 B
Processions" L5 v* P) N( z: T W" o
38. Marches
3 g( N2 ^+ i9 Z5 x( W 39. Parades# n% a. j# j+ M: r% u% d3 n. w
40. Religious processions* g4 N3 V- F' N4 q3 `5 t
41. Pilgrimages
# a# M# y- E9 X 42. Motorcades
; J3 f8 S% {; ~2 K" U; i2 o. x. F6 o$ V, U: ~
Honoring the Dead6 v, X. V1 d6 F) d
43. Political mourning( q# r6 [0 A' [7 g9 ]/ }' H# k# M; C
44. Mock funerals; |& S( A- N( x9 M" H- `8 W1 k
45. Demonstrative funerals0 @+ c7 ?# \8 b o- @
46. Homage at burial places3 T+ o8 [$ m% ^% l! D' I
$ L, ?6 `5 I# H, n5 [* ]
Public Assemblies
( v) L2 Q6 a" A8 W# b* N/ R9 V: A 47. Assemblies of protest or support; Z- C* S5 D) k; n+ @; o
48. Protest meetings2 f+ O( ]5 I2 c' n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' F8 d- L( J' X [4 x! O 50. Teach-ins
. c1 n" m4 \; c4 A, i3 K& H
5 _1 k( a6 e' @ O; N+ XWithdrawal and Renunciation
- z) L8 z+ c: ` 51. Walk-outs
) m5 K# N. {( Y' U: N6 o 52. Silence1 l& G# V+ ^) F: j
53. Renouncing honors
: K* v" B/ q! K# s# [" z7 R9 ^. a6 c 54. Turning one’s back% D0 ^& W8 q- w, {% Z( x5 l; H
5 i8 W5 @+ e+ G% U0 Q1 t, @ ' Y8 \# P/ w5 V* @$ `0 t
" L7 E0 C }! d3 o$ |THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ {# D0 W0 F0 `
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Ostracism of Persons
3 D7 J! h$ |2 d 55. Social boycott
) F# l& e( Z7 A2 y 56. Selective social boycott
9 q3 ~/ f3 I! m. j 57. Lysistratic nonaction, |% P9 F" M1 r4 {$ \
58. Excommunication
% v9 i, P3 W& \7 O1 A* I1 ~ 59. Interdict
! ~* t2 L4 K, Z! t, d6 [$ H, n) i5 p! v! x6 z$ C8 z
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) y! P9 u9 F9 F# z, a9 H9 n 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
" V" R6 Z* h% P; d' p8 d# \ 61. Boycott of social affairs- U$ O9 j: i6 n7 p
62. Student strike
) f+ u1 V% ?# j0 p) A( p& Z 63. Social disobedience7 I# f5 E, Z c. g6 Q* v8 ^
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) c0 q' ]" y# G+ O# Z- T1 ^! H
: X$ `8 c" X1 V2 i4 A
Withdrawal from the Social System! Y5 i. S& b @
65. Stay-at-home+ M$ Y3 k P+ l8 m7 J/ S: ~/ r
66. Total personal noncooperation
3 V! {' `# z$ D7 {8 Z: j 67. “Flight” of workers- u2 i! T" }: J2 k$ |8 U
68. Sanctuary
# } j8 I3 q0 j2 @6 w 69. Collective disappearance! g: g R7 r% {- ?$ n h I( A
70. Protest emigration (hijrat) m8 z; O( t8 D
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2 |4 V8 X t' j6 v
) l& S7 q5 M% m& Y# RTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers6 E& D8 F$ v9 ], ~- r: X B
71. Consumers’ boycott9 j& M# N/ p& C1 H, v
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ F1 H1 \3 @" X0 [5 m3 C. E8 k( V
73. Policy of austerity
0 @1 d2 p0 {7 h/ G& k- a i 74. Rent withholding
+ @5 p2 y2 C$ F, u3 e. ~ 75. Refusal to rent
4 v4 p( G5 c3 f6 p. j. s8 Q1 f/ F 76. National consumers’ boycott, F1 i: F6 m' F. T; z! [# A
77. International consumers’ boycott2 T9 s+ y# S. w# Y$ Y; P
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Action by Workers and Producers, N; c, r. F% a3 _6 l
78. Workmen’s boycott) ~: z/ o% T- a/ p
79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen; k# [ `4 J, C7 n8 {0 u; d7 i
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: ]; r, N3 ~5 C$ e, C- s7 v
$ z2 s! [5 f% k
Action by Owners and Management
* p- w+ ]2 z& {" [8 k! |5 J 81. Traders’ boycott, B& v" r1 d! b/ @1 A
82. Refusal to let or sell property
" g1 b% S! |9 ?# Y1 N 83. Lockout
+ d$ e$ \ U; m/ I4 d; n. u. B5 y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 o6 J# z$ ~2 w: a( z) T 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ i5 L. Z4 l& e3 H' d3 S! h& q! C7 a$ h- f: V
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
( f0 D9 n- @& |& S# i4 V' v 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' ~. |; j* l7 K0 n( \ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* b0 t& T* u" A$ u
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, X! u! x: E& w ?" T, \. s) H 89. Severance of funds and credit8 P" H' k3 F! z3 l" l- B
90. Revenue refusal! n& \; u1 n' P7 I# E% D6 a" f
91. Refusal of a government’s money, |2 `" B3 C1 s2 c' S
% a: U, |1 U5 e1 x& ]Action by Governments8 p$ k/ Z( n4 R( i& ?& n
92. Domestic embargo H( S* F; v5 H5 q4 [
93. Blacklisting of traders. S0 T- ?; R" |& ~. D5 [
94. International sellers’ embargo% x0 h4 R8 s; s4 M
95. International buyers’ embargo
% C' N- [1 C- h( M 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE I% v# ?4 H L% O
: [# p: o4 I3 \0 {5 A
& k/ [: o( X6 \1 i0 v' s+ tSymbolic Strikes! ?$ Z# _/ s0 s3 y, A7 H9 k8 o
97. Protest strike
/ \7 j9 N4 L* a; S; n 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# [. n' A, |9 w5 s# v
3 m3 i6 C1 @# y' k. r/ m" a* ?Agricultural Strikes' R* O+ T% q1 L" b u! y
99. Peasant strike
. M6 i2 f8 }) M3 K 100. Farm Workers’ strike! L" S8 g2 D% X0 F/ x$ Z
: O- |6 k9 ?( |1 a8 G
Strikes by Special Groups" w8 {9 l, |2 @& O9 _
101. Refusal of impressed labor( y6 I. [2 ]1 y/ H( _8 [% j
102. Prisoners’ strike7 U) \8 C2 B. J" D/ H# e6 F
103. Craft strike0 J- ]+ m( R' B; c/ q$ o
104. Professional strike0 ]7 ]' Q" D3 E# y* r7 A. o
* {5 m0 i3 Z0 U8 z7 _3 @6 }. pOrdinary Industrial Strikes
# B5 i% \- @5 Z8 [+ B 105. Establishment strike
, m1 a4 R2 F* D, E 106. Industry strike
* K" O4 W8 u9 h, ^- j 107. Sympathetic strike9 y$ z6 d% h( I9 j% w1 O& S. Y
$ e: [2 W2 ~, K6 Y
Restricted Strikes
& D, x, G5 W- F. D, v 108. Detailed strike
* E1 F1 r @8 b) X 109. Bumper strike
7 z1 {5 l8 ]3 N+ F0 Y 110. Slowdown strike
, a# T, k) e5 @, P; i1 M 111. Working-to-rule strike$ C4 Y9 t5 S- [- d( @
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
@, \# Q' O) r2 H/ z! \8 f6 [ 113. Strike by resignation
: S- t) R! y& [" _1 h2 u/ ~4 ? 114. Limited strike" r7 g) @7 ^, J
115. Selective strike4 B7 w6 C* c0 l" {3 X B9 r3 E
, ?* R% y5 z) `' cMulti-Industry Strikes
# w6 A7 p5 M% o* {- M7 E! D8 V; E" B2 u' \1 V( u4 y
116. Generalized strike+ t- j' g( p* H0 r0 l9 P
' k8 A8 C5 N! \$ }1 @* h 117. General strike
* I' v, ]! }0 U% @+ K! J! C
% ~- T- J( r/ N% wCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures5 S, }7 s4 a4 K$ L) T
5 {5 a: C" n- b3 c+ v
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown$ r w; r2 ]5 w' ?$ m/ x& @
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; N- P9 M) v+ I
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8 t, i1 Z0 B7 B( z- ZRejection of Authority
Q% [1 U" \. b3 G8 V 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 m5 ~: T1 {0 U, k5 y/ E 121. Refusal of public support
- D; r% b; W7 G: N6 [. x6 ~ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
+ I; Q K+ p: h; p. ^* T7 T3 b
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government l6 d# D+ A7 ~$ R9 i
123. Boycott of legislative bodies# z4 \, Z5 @1 ] g$ u0 r
124. Boycott of elections
6 n1 n) [# P( f( u6 g 125. Boycott of government employment and positions. A6 R% r/ A5 J6 F. j
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies9 g. T: B6 q% j& C
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% d3 O' c. B* q/ l4 e
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# M, k4 F4 X/ @+ I7 y
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
! s# W. D( V p2 K 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# ~ V( B/ w: \* O( f3 I7 O8 ^ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials. t0 s U' X9 f- ~7 {1 @
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions8 N! ]: L3 L# K# B& c% }
( {+ Z' x0 t. \$ ZCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
r# E# ^4 S$ P! @ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance& S# ^+ L" A1 a/ a& h5 }, N
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 u$ [* s4 q; j7 z3 F 135. Popular nonobedience
# V0 G/ m: R$ ~8 g1 R b 136. Disguised disobedience
( A7 L$ c7 A2 b/ k4 N4 ^' P 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- t& Y" Z6 {3 E- C( P2 u' p
138. Sitdown
; k3 |& F% Y/ K) N8 G8 X 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! Z& x9 `& s5 X" ?. _2 y( O* d
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities3 p) j; {* ~' ^. {0 r% D h
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 I' X, {& L$ z1 [( z
9 e% V4 n) ?2 ~) q( N/ s
Action by Government Personnel( `7 D' J# t+ V! {7 L" {
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 j1 B; K6 d3 e/ p 143. Blocking of lines of command and information! p) V; b4 j9 d( d2 b
144. Stalling and obstruction* I% P" {9 A3 Q; x, Z+ b7 |
145. General administrative noncooperation2 M& N4 H9 m& B) N
5 I) t: H7 V' v! R 146. Judicial noncooperation
( G/ ^9 _9 D& V9 ?0 A$ {$ \) i' N 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
2 x2 g7 F( W" M; }; P+ z- T6 ? 148. Mutiny
4 Y8 Q' ^2 G7 F2 pDomestic Governmental Action
9 y' R/ H- d) o# n 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! q& K, @9 J5 ^) |7 D 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units* E; U+ u" @4 ]( n- I* p
) L: Y! U+ Z( F& F, UInternational Governmental Action
" e& u( U1 [4 G9 {- D5 L 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: f% \8 X: f* X
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events' q* w; h& @; B4 {( q/ O
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 u4 {- @9 S7 I8 Q. h
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
$ |! E3 n" ~+ X7 A4 |5 N 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 i' J& J3 Q9 O+ z% i& i5 g Y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* R8 C- V1 u1 X' j" V
157. Expulsion from international organizations
! F3 @2 `% a: ]& S% y/ t9 P) X/ A; g3 Y1 n2 Z3 W. d2 ~% V
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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3 e9 w+ ?+ p W; O; P4 _$ M' l- v& |Psychological Intervention y' Q8 w6 E6 J0 a5 v' d! ~& b
158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 I; e! _. E+ A6 | 159. The fast
' h" r0 o! z! b0 I" t a) Fast of moral pressure
. ~" Q' l/ I: _! P. x4 B b) Hunger strike% I/ D, E) A+ H2 b0 D$ ~
c) Satyagrahic fast
2 |+ A9 b* y( m% @; \% h) i+ S 160. Reverse trial ]1 S! L* }1 Z& O! y, w; F; w! v
161. Nonviolent harassment. g8 t9 |& M2 u$ z0 ~7 A4 t2 Z
4 P5 M* c2 a) f6 B/ M$ M: X2 Z8 Y" lPhysical Intervention" c3 v1 h8 w$ a1 a
162. Sit-in
0 I+ Y; r9 q+ E; i. K1 E! T 163. Stand-in: r; ]9 Q U7 }5 C& k
164. Ride-in. M' R/ k6 m1 s
165. Wade-in
6 x7 n. b) a/ {# m7 |' N# B" p% E0 E, S 166. Mill-in* p _& D$ h" s- X+ u
167. Pray-in- N( O4 e& I1 g6 t0 w
168. Nonviolent raids
( L" o5 `% f! M' y: |6 `0 ~3 m 169. Nonviolent air raids
* P8 s6 p) c! M$ i 170. Nonviolent invasion, f4 M) u9 M: u# E' J: H0 p% A
171. Nonviolent interjection
! F) r# z6 Y. Z, q 172. Nonviolent obstruction
) F x& m& q) [) Q0 I! c S/ o 173. Nonviolent occupation3 |1 H: n" y8 i: x
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Social Intervention
, L/ f6 K1 P& `" m5 N 174. Establishing new social patterns
" K' ^, L9 O0 N+ y" _ 175. Overloading of facilities' G5 }0 L) `6 @# g& K
176. Stall-in
1 F* c4 U; r6 Q 177. Speak-in. B7 K* m# h# G" ^% }3 U+ w7 }" ^
178. Guerrilla theater% Q/ b6 S$ ~4 ]# l$ W$ P( G
179. Alternative social institutions8 ~$ Z7 Z9 j$ q9 M$ | _
180. Alternative communication system: g& [! V& m& I. K8 q
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Economic Intervention
( s: \$ p; _% _: R0 t. q( M 181. Reverse strike
& ]$ X2 @. q6 H! b5 G7 w) Z: M+ p 182. Stay-in strike
' B* o3 O6 R% w+ X 183. Nonviolent land seizure
0 z+ ^- v- J8 O+ G" \% C 184. Defiance of blockades9 I) h% a$ ]% O* \' Y( E
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 l; Z5 {$ |. r4 A1 a8 E8 Z% g 186. Preclusive purchasing/ }$ ?4 h* i5 |; H1 v+ o
187. Seizure of assets. I' @8 ]& W3 i9 d1 R" d6 C
188. Dumping+ g2 O {4 {; m* F$ y, D
189. Selective patronage* D; O, N9 w8 ^+ q, G! s! J
190. Alternative markets
* B& ?2 ?. L# {- x Y" Y# l$ T+ c 191. Alternative transportation systems
! G# c8 g3 s( A8 i c2 S# Y* o* x 192. Alternative economic institutions
, l6 Z. I2 }4 _& Y& w' W4 r3 g( o6 q- [0 Z$ `* o
Political Intervention
# A# T" b `3 M+ }1 F' G2 C5 ^+ O 193. Overloading of administrative systems* J! M/ U* x- h) [! D
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
% C E2 C- {# J$ o+ I8 K 195. Seeking imprisonment. t+ w( I3 V! o& L W
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 Z- q7 @- g# e* v1 M1 p1 d. m
197. Work-on without collaboration/ f" e1 r0 b# Y& r1 O5 u. n
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 D& m, z+ @7 |/ {7 [
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
