 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
/ r5 r' B' }' W3 R% o+ XFormal Statements
9 U$ D: u- l5 O 1. Public Speeches5 I& m7 \/ T# w
2. Letters of opposition or support# H0 J6 G0 l' `3 A7 L
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
5 e/ [. U6 u( r: \' F 4. Signed public statements! k# C, X9 J4 r3 M) [9 J
5. Declarations of indictment and intention* B0 Z* Y) _( ^7 j# O8 z
6. Group or mass petitions* ?0 E/ G/ q$ \) l
9 f& _+ t, z+ u) MCommunications with a Wider Audience; Z9 O: G/ v" N0 d+ x1 ]
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
1 t, h7 A9 i* \2 N8 t+ x, ]5 ^6 u 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ M4 w9 [ e- }
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 F$ f( F3 Y) W0 C# N* i0 K) Z8 \ 10. Newspapers and journals
. J3 V) y" j, X' @2 r 11. Records, radio, and television; G7 w- K1 t8 e4 G" y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting& `3 r8 H3 b R. g5 G2 T, `
) j0 w# g" d$ C1 R
Group Representations
$ W" q% @2 v" h! D% A" Y( u 13. Deputations7 i6 k: w3 ?% O! Z1 Z( V
14. Mock awards
' t3 S' r1 Y3 W8 ^2 A 15. Group lobbying6 z3 R8 R& r6 Z
16. Picketing
. p) C* a" |+ r3 T6 J5 e3 t' J 17. Mock elections o7 B5 @5 q F- a; c
; X% B7 J% D3 ]% `
Symbolic Public Acts
; |% w4 T7 J$ A$ w7 Q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
3 ^. X* o% o" \) E/ @0 a 19. Wearing of symbols
7 g7 P4 W" G( s( c+ c/ g 20. Prayer and worship
' W2 ?/ ~# A# G" ~! s0 v% t5 i3 C 21. Delivering symbolic objects
u& b: G8 \! X; m$ j- x 22. Protest disrobings5 U( F6 t6 j+ F. U; e
23. Destruction of own property
. A, ^, ?7 q5 Q. P1 E6 P; B 24. Symbolic lights
. e X& a S- f4 l3 s$ d% M1 l 25. Displays of portraits
- H, D% K# ^8 w8 h 26. Paint as protest1 U2 m- [0 t/ O
27. New signs and names
# y; Z* A" j, y- W 28. Symbolic sounds
- y- m' v; ?/ D2 B 29. Symbolic reclamations
4 e' w5 ^) `* d n 30. Rude gestures: J$ t" b3 V2 x% m) l# |
- y5 G4 J) i0 v( v. n
Pressures on Individuals
) {! S. M B" ~5 x# M 31. “Haunting” officials5 P0 W6 V5 H( q, v
32. Taunting officials+ i/ T) v. J. a* X
33. Fraternization2 S7 h0 s8 k: Y0 S7 i; j
34. Vigils
# J3 V; u3 Z% G, Z$ U! ^) m; Q9 A2 z# U) q) @0 N
Drama and Music
$ y& U% P/ w1 d 35. Humorous skits and pranks9 f" C/ d8 i2 H. `
36. Performances of plays and music: R; t/ F# P7 \1 e6 t
37. Singing. o7 Q1 d' T! Q; ]8 Z K
7 q4 {% T# P: z6 \7 b% _* ?' `; g
Processions
. o `- x- f' z$ J( R% j 38. Marches. r" N6 A. u( u' ~" ?8 o, G9 U5 o; ^5 w
39. Parades
, T( O: A( ~ E! y2 F8 ]2 X/ i" X 40. Religious processions8 B7 t4 N/ q' s( G* Q: O( Q# d. x( }
41. Pilgrimages
5 N0 V+ [7 _6 Y U; |! T) n 42. Motorcades
* r$ D7 j6 \, F" d! q) z! W6 y; @3 M, x4 J
Honoring the Dead+ M- N# t* P0 E7 [
43. Political mourning7 L& R: a3 d. M1 v
44. Mock funerals0 P2 q. y$ o3 ~' l" k: j& ~# A* h
45. Demonstrative funerals
/ a8 |( |& [: X' G 46. Homage at burial places$ v) Q; X9 {2 [5 v. i) |* P" [
( l9 q3 W. _% ]" W5 Z9 g- y! b. ?, S
Public Assemblies
% ]$ }/ f5 @! V! Q$ ^ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
. w3 B# _3 N, o4 G. p 48. Protest meetings* |7 I" C: v+ y) p+ q. i) X1 m1 Y
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
0 i; K! g: u b3 P# |. m 50. Teach-ins
3 F: z2 a* R0 M/ G: g- o5 [: Y: I# U5 P
Withdrawal and Renunciation
7 `+ D2 e( q- Q- _6 t 51. Walk-outs
( D% f+ {+ z) a9 [3 M; d( O0 `% B1 e 52. Silence
8 g$ o7 l: L. g2 @' t3 k 53. Renouncing honors
3 @6 e) b! G* n6 k# q$ y4 t7 q 54. Turning one’s back
' t4 u; t( w& _! Z+ @+ I9 Y
5 ^ j+ h9 x* c! V5 ^& T
2 i, y+ }! c4 M/ ~0 W: w+ q. R- W1 ^0 M& T% H
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION x; N4 h6 `' x: m5 \
$ D% o( J9 P: l4 a1 g' C9 [5 [
3 W4 W4 l- F T& Z9 g# U: V
8 O% l) S- X- B rOstracism of Persons
6 G+ P) C$ j; {4 T+ H, B& ~ 55. Social boycott
* @ H5 \8 C4 r 56. Selective social boycott
" ]" b# v! P* r/ D A 57. Lysistratic nonaction/ U/ {" P% a) d }0 H$ |
58. Excommunication/ r0 V6 T) T$ j% Q1 J8 K
59. Interdict
4 H! F1 E* m) X7 [ W4 @. ^$ ~3 a1 t* X7 e4 _5 \6 s" P
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
& V2 `2 \8 \1 X3 J* a 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 f3 U, X* ]* m# V& i, g 61. Boycott of social affairs0 |7 `/ M4 N( F* w
62. Student strike7 t4 F' P* ~4 @, S* O4 [
63. Social disobedience
: w" `& s# H+ z' L 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
3 @0 s1 D2 J/ l" l4 R
- \5 l8 F/ u5 VWithdrawal from the Social System
; r2 R. [. D3 s# n 65. Stay-at-home
" @% _0 Q! Y6 G6 F 66. Total personal noncooperation% S/ ~ x1 C& f5 Z4 F, D
67. “Flight” of workers' v6 l' m. _& R, B+ ~
68. Sanctuary
7 P1 i- d5 F7 q* x% Z: v 69. Collective disappearance
9 u% C. F. M7 y$ Q5 A& W( v 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
% N! m$ S- N/ X- a, k
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$ ^" X1 R1 a* U; J# j; a- T
/ p# u/ }# G" U0 L% p ITHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS) Z% P+ X! i8 y t# ]$ H$ \9 u1 g2 T
; U' }# [( O) V+ f2 G. I" O 2 B- \2 j% `! E7 C: L5 ^, H
Actions by Consumers8 }& j9 q7 S7 O# \! y
71. Consumers’ boycott- G v. J& l8 Y2 f! |9 i
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
& \5 @$ z, g! x) u" F( A: w 73. Policy of austerity0 k4 \- P' y C+ d
74. Rent withholding! m& }, q6 [' p% z
75. Refusal to rent! `" v! n- W& m$ p7 Y
76. National consumers’ boycott; f& n8 T& S9 e- h
77. International consumers’ boycott) s. K8 r' ^5 `0 O
1 z9 u* K8 x. Q0 I1 K! Y- a1 yAction by Workers and Producers' c0 S$ d2 x' K/ d- v. d% B1 z3 D
78. Workmen’s boycott
: Q& h* I8 [3 `; M& L8 \ 79. Producers’ boycott7 _- T+ V& t" P# Z( l2 m' C. z* Z
: R. i( T; w \9 k) s0 {
Action by Middlemen
2 n% x$ q0 \' j% f% i7 ~2 l 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
9 @, w) _1 Y# o; d* e( I7 z! Q5 u4 k+ |" Y+ ]$ \7 J
Action by Owners and Management6 {2 V& c" f1 s; G0 _# F
81. Traders’ boycott
0 N) s/ Z* ~' h# I; w$ J. T. ~ 82. Refusal to let or sell property: i9 ?: ^$ a& w, [0 o
83. Lockout* Z' g5 q" K" V( b. ?
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; T7 S) O) S9 L5 E% I3 x 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 J4 N. p% U8 c; O7 G" |2 a* M$ e; A* F- R
Action by Holders of Financial Resources# u- [5 U7 a" g5 k$ |2 a
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" O [0 h3 s0 U. C% G5 T 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 v7 Q' I$ G9 R5 O 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 { N, ~0 q7 Y5 Q8 f! N8 A 89. Severance of funds and credit! }4 V0 Y* g" u" L
90. Revenue refusal
6 ~* q2 D5 q+ c" w 91. Refusal of a government’s money
* r3 J3 l4 E+ l+ j! O1 w! S& ~* p0 s
Action by Governments; ^. {/ ]% \7 J7 J/ {- z
92. Domestic embargo# U2 e+ G" }6 z" e' K8 Q4 H
93. Blacklisting of traders
: U2 r& K7 y5 x" Q Q$ R+ m8 y9 K 94. International sellers’ embargo" C; O. N) c2 ~% k( f
95. International buyers’ embargo+ i E. c+ ~, U# q
96. International trade embargo/ [* }/ {, E/ B% e
W7 \% |) @* h6 T6 ?
2 z0 `4 O! r9 F! w$ ~' u4 N
& T: |1 v( m; U7 v1 y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
4 o: i0 N J! u3 s, p0 M2 c
+ T- N+ v- K `# N* T
7 X) Q8 ^, w& O( E& nSymbolic Strikes
5 M# c) y+ V5 ?( {: e 97. Protest strike
( `! A5 w% c( ^! b! B 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ U1 d) F- X" I5 F0 Y
8 J* m+ V" \, o# @" P! m& l! UAgricultural Strikes5 Q" e' m- H, y
99. Peasant strike- S) K2 N2 {4 X" r
100. Farm Workers’ strike
0 b9 S9 F/ Z6 @5 a' I B5 Z& z+ B5 i* x8 V
Strikes by Special Groups! X# W# y: B6 k' L
101. Refusal of impressed labor8 ~9 D3 m. A7 w: @& k
102. Prisoners’ strike
2 O/ `+ y. w8 Y0 Q) h 103. Craft strike
, c4 o' c$ |! S" A 104. Professional strike% n' { D) c) R8 ^
7 _8 F5 c( r* M5 M! [8 q; ] V2 M$ UOrdinary Industrial Strikes3 _ U0 }9 ~2 u R4 J+ z
105. Establishment strike8 o/ |6 P+ J. c; s& b* z
106. Industry strike0 C* l8 l* r9 N+ d
107. Sympathetic strike
$ E, M) L. T/ M3 @& f* {8 J% n& x0 b C5 Y" ^ Q' k
Restricted Strikes: R, _3 d0 t6 Y$ J O. d6 z) s
108. Detailed strike
& m; x8 V: g" h; N 109. Bumper strike
- m- Z1 E) d9 Q2 ?0 O6 | 110. Slowdown strike* D& K3 ]" i4 D1 d
111. Working-to-rule strike% u x( O( C+ y( j# T4 K/ p
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: g* e8 @4 \. q& {1 E, M# M 113. Strike by resignation# Q1 W6 F+ I! Z3 O( @
114. Limited strike
4 k. c) o% H; X# G3 a 115. Selective strike8 { B' y. p. }( ^8 A* p
) L/ |- x0 u8 }Multi-Industry Strikes9 t! G9 Z. O. ~2 j- R4 Y( a% Y
4 G* ^/ | ]7 g, q5 F) L( A" T4 {, I 116. Generalized strike6 [* J4 r6 X, @6 l0 U& R' v
9 C3 Y$ ~4 q* J1 P0 y: ~
117. General strike% X4 v3 |# d5 B4 F& \9 L% r% E! j
: G+ n% Z& V2 q# D
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
. ]0 _4 }2 x" U4 m K, W) Y; x4 @
118. Hartal/ P$ e( i7 m% v3 V# b1 i7 _
2 @/ d: \0 a0 S% R* I
119. Economic shutdown) ~* ]( y" P/ I+ d/ w' t
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; U9 J& m) U1 n% m. ?THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
- C# T5 A6 h o1 Y- m6 @$ x! s& U& b a. _& k: R( U8 j( t) u; Y
& i( I4 z; e- }7 `0 V* p7 WRejection of Authority# N" ^4 k3 d5 C( }
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 [% Z* I) M, N3 ? g 121. Refusal of public support0 [4 J+ n3 I% Z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) b4 a* z' q6 h/ w* B
2 a1 E1 f p3 ?8 X+ D, K @Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government# e! s, o5 W+ B2 o' o7 k
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
H& N4 d! m* q, S) R: G" ~3 X 124. Boycott of elections
" g" {" U+ q9 m: O$ z: [) ] 125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 }% y; H* o G+ j2 B2 t2 Q. G% S
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies( _' t# a* B/ ]( y# e: M& k4 m
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 ~4 C# Z6 D& _' ~4 v
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
@2 l% y0 j& ], Y7 A' c 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' L7 w& ^4 ~6 z6 h( F9 {! u2 `: E* s 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: g: t0 D; F" I- K" |% W# y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
+ [, ?4 G v ?$ F4 g1 e 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
1 s5 r1 t6 J2 Z( A$ O1 q
. I( O3 k8 n3 q6 RCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
V# W2 p$ H7 l% j 133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ u [! P$ J4 R
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ D+ q7 b4 {: {7 U5 o- A$ U
135. Popular nonobedience; M$ N2 _, T1 {# Y" Z- S! r
136. Disguised disobedience; [/ K# d- w$ P: L: t, K
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
# L t5 X! K4 i8 @( m! g6 j 138. Sitdown
% u& \- T1 l5 F 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 D7 F, q2 O! _4 r! |/ v. |
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities( W& v& T/ l0 ]- d; X% a9 V' ?
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 J5 E' z7 O# _- ~
3 J6 X& t8 D7 s9 E) KAction by Government Personnel5 ]& I7 g2 V+ C* _: l
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 e5 X8 \' x% X: w9 @+ d
143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 m8 N; _, u1 H a% z
144. Stalling and obstruction
6 C! E3 k5 B& }4 `3 V8 e, n7 ]! u 145. General administrative noncooperation z; k H4 x8 a7 J/ N# U* x
5 S7 g% Q! a7 Q# D$ O0 B 146. Judicial noncooperation
. S5 a. ^. T7 H6 o& S' y: q9 k' X 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) O" x0 E3 h! M5 e- t" l j* n
148. Mutiny
5 H% V, _* O# M7 _% ~% V8 ODomestic Governmental Action# m2 M8 @0 R: H+ R
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays+ G" n) J0 M# @2 J' J
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units* g6 |, `1 h, h% c3 C. }
9 ^0 m; K) N. J' J0 s1 Q1 AInternational Governmental Action
; F9 z" l# G: C) _' ` 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& a2 \) G: O! c% i
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
, X) M% u0 p( Y5 b7 ^4 x 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. g; G7 h- R6 B3 g7 e) m
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
+ |7 F3 g- q/ G! D. J) ?+ N4 a* d 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
1 `1 N! f1 K0 [3 a 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies U! ^8 T( ~: \
157. Expulsion from international organizations ~& _( q- N9 q; T x6 V$ S* r3 A
! B) Q+ p H% ^, U! R' q$ F
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$ _, y. G8 q( p( e7 ^) Q' zTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
( ^/ P% Q$ c: ?' V# Q# N* K4 u" {8 q: \" S& f2 e. X- w
- G6 |) v4 s* |7 G8 [Psychological Intervention" a) c& _# d1 z
158. Self-exposure to the elements
& l! [& L5 h# P 159. The fast
* c5 j, ]/ y( ^% R5 X( S a) Fast of moral pressure
1 c- y9 K$ v8 l7 G. s9 k. @ b) Hunger strike
0 \+ V4 x( E1 r$ D( Y, h) F c) Satyagrahic fast% v- F' q' o! Y' K6 Y4 Z
160. Reverse trial
' o' V: h O# l+ q 161. Nonviolent harassment3 y/ a7 P F) z* P( _! [. m8 l
& r5 @6 y* p1 o+ @9 y( z
Physical Intervention
# U7 F) r8 M, I8 O9 d6 G 162. Sit-in
5 j6 i" k0 S: Y8 U; q3 F, ?( M 163. Stand-in
! s8 T l3 V2 s 164. Ride-in
8 U7 G7 L9 a% O, R) Y) N, M" N 165. Wade-in
" ]' b F* J5 M( x, y' o6 n! q) G 166. Mill-in& i! R: r' N# Z) i
167. Pray-in
H% L7 L0 x) p2 j% g4 M; i% K8 l8 q 168. Nonviolent raids
5 n9 D+ R; T" e5 j 169. Nonviolent air raids, Z0 k. H! d6 S+ D3 r
170. Nonviolent invasion
6 c4 G# `" J' w, Y/ P' u 171. Nonviolent interjection
# a: R: l8 o% v' G J6 H 172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ v! Y$ y" k% D- x: c 173. Nonviolent occupation
4 w, C$ y- a! c# U7 g4 [& T% g$ B# r# F: c/ S
Social Intervention
6 o; z2 r* p2 w. m+ o- T9 g2 ] 174. Establishing new social patterns2 Z; x% v7 n) c) S
175. Overloading of facilities7 o a$ q$ Y( Q& T
176. Stall-in
$ I% X. l* a" {/ M1 _- K2 H, \ 177. Speak-in
; f2 O& `/ M! I# _/ S 178. Guerrilla theater
8 W( @# c, {8 q: W2 _ 179. Alternative social institutions; L- w6 |( f! I7 Q& M
180. Alternative communication system! \" Z4 |- R v- S( m+ h
$ I( ?7 [% M8 Y" ]Economic Intervention. Q ^% o8 X$ z' \
181. Reverse strike
6 b$ T+ n+ l- W( E( v 182. Stay-in strike$ }/ e2 ~( j1 R! ~
183. Nonviolent land seizure2 r3 ], ?. V1 m
184. Defiance of blockades
4 c; ^! ?+ b" O! l1 |' ? 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting, h# p% s% M5 w) n
186. Preclusive purchasing/ I0 J. Y; y# |
187. Seizure of assets
. w! ^- t9 V; g. q- O% [% k 188. Dumping
6 R1 V4 y5 B- a& | 189. Selective patronage2 _ k1 u0 M7 g' ~* v5 a" A1 d
190. Alternative markets
- n3 n6 S; h9 A/ d 191. Alternative transportation systems; Y2 k" \9 U \, m9 T) [2 P
192. Alternative economic institutions
6 {2 r6 H2 b6 s R0 e, M7 Y7 x/ x5 s% m' P1 P
Political Intervention5 M( E T& J" P( V9 t
193. Overloading of administrative systems$ ^4 x5 B' |1 G: P4 O
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" A; W: M9 S2 z0 Q# b
195. Seeking imprisonment
+ r+ a, [- g# A 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 x4 ~$ a1 i4 |& h8 P- m% J 197. Work-on without collaboration. G9 T7 Y0 Z5 a( W& _$ T' m% M- a
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ b) l2 G4 x7 I5 X( `0 A! P% c, N
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
