 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 g7 g1 B0 q) }/ }
Formal Statements u! N5 Y; o& O% x2 K1 ?
1. Public Speeches; l2 e& Z# u9 w" j- i
2. Letters of opposition or support8 {9 b4 ]' Z* K
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; f7 s: ]7 c' I0 B
4. Signed public statements
0 P. D7 t6 Y( m4 z# M7 | 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
* ]% H& M2 n' e" W 6. Group or mass petitions, K/ C' ?& K* i4 K5 U
+ Y; L$ b: ^% F: Y3 f
Communications with a Wider Audience/ o, [. F( m+ i7 z& {* z
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
! c0 `/ d+ a& Y( T 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* h# R; f% F" \. V3 A- _ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. l+ S6 j* F0 I% Q, Y
10. Newspapers and journals- U! M6 `- e3 Z, [" V
11. Records, radio, and television _( M3 s7 I. j% {
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* P% h" H0 j3 d+ {& [
' y& U6 l! _0 n5 o2 iGroup Representations$ r5 ]5 R6 P# o2 Z p
13. Deputations e1 i- i2 x5 m3 v) f4 L/ u4 A+ W
14. Mock awards/ l' {( y! h4 z" S9 h! T
15. Group lobbying- d9 v& h$ P6 a2 N0 z
16. Picketing
* v: k9 A0 Y) u 17. Mock elections& @4 I+ O3 C5 _' [
6 L. R- o- d$ r1 H
Symbolic Public Acts4 E, M; k6 u% x3 p( W
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# u; ^, z0 l7 Z/ `$ S+ Z w8 w* K
19. Wearing of symbols
3 |) i* W( h5 t4 g* E 20. Prayer and worship
) ~' s2 V r* ?7 t0 M 21. Delivering symbolic objects
. P' ]* ]+ d5 ] 22. Protest disrobings
: L( i: a6 v- F2 {. i& Z- Y5 | 23. Destruction of own property( ?( ^' ^ B# y6 Q H6 G
24. Symbolic lights! ^- |8 |4 e) M, Y0 M9 G
25. Displays of portraits
' U% @8 E+ C& z0 ?; b6 Q4 M 26. Paint as protest) }4 F1 i) u2 i3 Q
27. New signs and names5 P8 A3 h$ f1 M* {& T
28. Symbolic sounds
. d0 _! R3 B$ @0 o 29. Symbolic reclamations
+ b0 i" O) R! }) [3 M% u 30. Rude gestures
( H R5 y- f$ q7 i- \4 U( A V; ?7 u; x
g. m3 M5 J6 f3 |& q0 cPressures on Individuals
, n1 y# n" P$ W6 D/ q4 u/ e 31. “Haunting” officials9 f6 O8 l7 x' E4 B
32. Taunting officials
) A: Q% e/ c4 {" w) f* [* P) _ 33. Fraternization
. w* \0 O8 e1 B" p 34. Vigils/ ]) N/ W* s- m: h9 a* p
; `$ G* `' d0 e* S6 }. |) m9 zDrama and Music
$ d3 @1 `( V, j 35. Humorous skits and pranks8 @' q; U6 K% B3 d& q' e4 q
36. Performances of plays and music
: s, E/ h* o% M7 T; p 37. Singing
5 d, d Q) t$ u. R* K* \! G# E. H c% Q0 z; A' q2 \
Processions
3 e( Y; P2 f4 X' O* |1 Z 38. Marches' l2 h' A" o1 H t W3 a. h
39. Parades
% ~6 x3 r* C. q/ q8 u- C z 40. Religious processions1 e% S ^; U s
41. Pilgrimages4 l% t# H; S. Z: r6 H+ H
42. Motorcades5 F! ]9 @& K/ B9 C Y7 @, b/ G& {' V. g
, T5 A% M* e6 |: u) B" g. XHonoring the Dead! |( `2 I+ J9 q7 o9 {
43. Political mourning' W, u& f" L5 o* `
44. Mock funerals
( q/ I, |; y7 J6 L" S 45. Demonstrative funerals
. ?/ N; P) m# Q4 l$ U E 46. Homage at burial places
# M6 s" G0 d. B: ?) V
( R: M4 N6 x4 w/ I* `5 |$ S" aPublic Assemblies
# R) \ \3 E8 a% c% |1 v0 a+ x2 { 47. Assemblies of protest or support' W3 s. H* F9 a2 J/ D( s+ s0 g8 l
48. Protest meetings
1 |0 y4 q3 B6 ?& G( R) n& l) n 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 R7 u& k$ P5 x1 v, L% M7 d4 g; ~ 50. Teach-ins
; b9 ] @% d/ p+ G T. l. s9 R+ {
: O; {) o/ t8 }, U% O/ kWithdrawal and Renunciation
* S( G. T. P+ k2 }% v5 f 51. Walk-outs! O8 H6 C# A9 J( E: L& `
52. Silence7 |2 U) a( u5 X& g
53. Renouncing honors8 O& [, b9 h8 [
54. Turning one’s back$ U% W# {# I" }6 G; ~: i
( q/ \% D7 z0 D3 h5 K! C( T ; c8 P$ x; p% M2 i* ^, [9 X
1 f" D1 B H6 bTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
( b6 y" e: H1 t% M0 o* _+ m6 t; r: v4 [& i. D
. ?& P% ]' n: s0 l7 e
4 s' D& z4 N/ d6 _( TOstracism of Persons' m2 O8 _' M3 `+ V* n7 T, b7 J
55. Social boycott, z$ v2 U2 F/ o1 U U- e' x' V
56. Selective social boycott B; W4 ?8 G+ F7 {& ~
57. Lysistratic nonaction
& L! n7 u/ [" _ 58. Excommunication' W G3 R$ N& L, n$ F9 K, j! m
59. Interdict
3 O% \. |- q7 |+ [1 ^' T% Q9 B6 X; Q
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( l- C- R: J8 Z2 e& y# O- q 60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ K: N" J/ r5 w0 y# \/ O
61. Boycott of social affairs! n3 }; v6 c7 n6 ?& o* e1 l
62. Student strike
+ O# v6 b9 m6 }+ m* M u 63. Social disobedience9 B0 x0 T r1 {0 r% s4 }
64. Withdrawal from social institutions+ `9 n1 R% s% _" G5 J
4 x6 } l4 s3 z. C
Withdrawal from the Social System
1 Z/ Q& x9 [( B+ w+ m" [0 U$ r 65. Stay-at-home- Z0 b; Q; Q+ L
66. Total personal noncooperation
* ]6 \, j; c! v9 R6 H9 ` 67. “Flight” of workers& {( u! Y/ t v! O
68. Sanctuary
; I+ {* p" S7 S; ]; t1 o* V0 N+ N 69. Collective disappearance$ @" N7 V! }7 {2 B$ }
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
/ h4 v6 Y0 ~1 W+ {; T* }2 M- t5 n Y z% j7 t6 Q3 D- v
+ [- E& I [; k
: i; I+ s0 w$ K( C% n6 X( dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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$ |! K2 U3 d* Y& x: J- `+ j
2 v- H' ?& Z, D6 J* X( TActions by Consumers1 h! o' Y. L0 K( i
71. Consumers’ boycott
" o/ ~3 ]4 [& Z 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods$ G. I U/ u9 t! X& \+ v- g* _7 c% ^
73. Policy of austerity
! S f/ [; b+ X* y7 y& R* k 74. Rent withholding; Z3 H% M' P& s' `5 Q- n: }* B# a
75. Refusal to rent
1 h1 i2 \( [* J& \+ u T 76. National consumers’ boycott! y# W4 Z2 T$ q, w W* i- O
77. International consumers’ boycott" a6 }# |7 P% w4 {4 B; M& C0 X
" y7 x" r+ j8 Y4 Y$ f$ dAction by Workers and Producers
T) E: d! b# V 78. Workmen’s boycott& g% w0 N7 G$ j6 Y2 m
79. Producers’ boycott1 K. E2 l' N8 z) ?; \* u$ z4 |& d
. i- [ k+ t9 LAction by Middlemen
& ~8 N3 e0 M3 l5 ~ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! d* M0 S# A( h- ?4 E4 @
8 z: t2 w$ r/ @
Action by Owners and Management" _% e+ l4 E" c2 q
81. Traders’ boycott
4 V9 g8 G7 Z3 y7 |( S6 l3 r9 `8 I 82. Refusal to let or sell property7 [2 j7 c% h& j# i% p% S9 I1 a
83. Lockout
' ?* N$ V6 n: ~* b* B3 m: b8 i2 Z# b) X 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: ?8 G- P8 g7 u9 x" y9 b W6 M 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
* C1 v; J2 z+ d$ n/ |( e8 v9 a9 l/ e* H
0 D# b" m/ h2 J. d* YAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! [" U$ N/ x# t' z2 L 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- z3 n3 c9 S9 a @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% o. } B) E7 v: a4 {$ o 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( u3 ]3 m, G+ p: I# Y+ R
89. Severance of funds and credit9 V4 B5 t, T, A( M5 r" k
90. Revenue refusal
/ n; q) e3 P" y( @ |9 L/ k+ t! ? 91. Refusal of a government’s money" m- J+ B+ w5 W, d
5 ?0 N0 G! S/ R6 K& WAction by Governments
# p% }$ n" h" C, l 92. Domestic embargo
8 `) z: S* U- c) o" D8 S 93. Blacklisting of traders
7 y# R' w1 A9 @7 A/ D+ k 94. International sellers’ embargo. I) `) @! a5 x0 k& L
95. International buyers’ embargo
* n2 |# Y6 q, G9 y; C8 I) B 96. International trade embargo# O5 k0 w! b3 T4 S
u4 J( {$ }; ^ 1 h( A( M0 u/ x" s
" s/ e% ?3 v4 `1 X6 Z# |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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+ ] k+ |4 f. Q$ c
. g; \, J0 Z5 |9 h5 P) }Symbolic Strikes
! Q( v4 \% t8 \* G% M 97. Protest strike
8 b! w+ c) w: A! v9 s) J# | 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- F3 N# f, g8 [
$ V; \+ }# V2 f0 v. C1 O' fAgricultural Strikes/ O. g' t) D: p+ N) T& U; e0 |
99. Peasant strike s n3 S. {$ q
100. Farm Workers’ strike- K, |3 J/ V% ]
- D6 h. z$ x4 j/ n3 }, i: z% Q
Strikes by Special Groups! O1 p. _9 z/ B4 d
101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 h- Y/ H8 Y) f1 W r. m/ N: M" Q 102. Prisoners’ strike q3 L) [/ A. |7 X' d' g; M
103. Craft strike
8 s* k- v2 f2 p) D" H. @( z 104. Professional strike( r( c7 w" v; K9 m5 U2 I- {: u
5 _' q5 ^* v8 c6 v. |0 COrdinary Industrial Strikes) o, P' M2 @* F, |, f
105. Establishment strike4 }5 j% L' A; z' O, B
106. Industry strike; V9 E3 A4 E/ K% k. f: Q1 K3 g
107. Sympathetic strike
# }$ ]' `9 ?9 P; m: ]* q6 O1 P; {: K; {. q0 J1 `3 ]
Restricted Strikes% _4 H7 T$ G c5 l" p( ]
108. Detailed strike8 w5 U9 Q7 f1 M5 H
109. Bumper strike
) D' @5 t6 K8 l 110. Slowdown strike
. P8 n8 q4 g) d# ~% N 111. Working-to-rule strike9 z, u( Z s3 `
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)$ _) U7 G8 Z3 j i, `5 k
113. Strike by resignation
* P* D' O9 A0 ~0 M! _ 114. Limited strike
: {( a/ X+ R1 ^: @ N: m' I! c 115. Selective strike, V0 z% [) r) a4 S5 p _
$ G! }2 L$ `5 |$ C8 W1 AMulti-Industry Strikes, _2 Q3 [ B; i% k$ M c# D( M
6 U& N+ E( P) s4 i. ? 116. Generalized strike
5 P5 `. }5 Q# j& R" O& ]
. o+ ~9 N" A6 B+ d" N, S9 V 117. General strike: {& V. B9 N+ n& N
& v) e. p' |3 @4 X8 L3 b: Y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures& c1 I3 o- i8 h5 N7 r8 F# S" J
* a2 w s2 l* Y
118. Hartal& s2 T8 o7 i' a1 Q1 W% [- h: ~- z
; N- d* V) i6 E t+ a 119. Economic shutdown3 n" o: l& c4 [7 `* Y2 }' F
9 M$ n$ B) e2 q$ U) \
+ n& D) {1 G& M1 @" Y3 x% f
; _( O! k+ x, r
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
9 p4 v0 D+ U, G 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& A6 }9 U- r9 C7 `
121. Refusal of public support; y0 i3 ]: P9 }8 G6 a7 u7 |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 r2 x' a7 j6 H! _& x+ D6 [/ _- h2 }
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" w/ c: O3 j9 X& {' z% ] 123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 h, ]; b, `# Z: u
124. Boycott of elections% ]! E# E2 W/ I( y
125. Boycott of government employment and positions! }0 O$ H, ~- M
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 P( p7 w7 s' R& ]/ J' I" t# @7 s
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
3 ~" _, R& p$ m1 D; i 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; Y& D- b8 j" l4 f+ u
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( }# @7 X5 E9 r' j, i
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 ?& _& D! j+ u, V- r; I 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials; S0 p$ n; h: P! u5 d
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions1 ^5 k( c1 k P! I: P
+ h# H4 [! K4 ~ ?2 c
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& I) y: W* B$ E( _/ {- l" ~; T% L
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
/ W. A, A9 j3 b' n* O# s 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision6 s2 e* T% T5 H/ m- C6 h2 v1 w8 R
135. Popular nonobedience
5 N) H+ I0 _# ~. n I 136. Disguised disobedience
& j, K8 F0 _0 a0 \3 }; b7 T s 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, r6 V- r3 ~! B
138. Sitdown( x% n( {. O) [- I( Z+ P
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# ]; d5 @0 O. w7 n# h) ?8 g) w 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 d2 T3 ?, B3 D+ `) f% b 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
1 U" I( i. m2 ^# ]; L6 q, n. G9 j `8 K a4 x
Action by Government Personnel
( D b! ?9 B$ M8 o 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 y5 i* R, _8 t7 H& w: s; C( H
143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 e3 i: a; _% k+ m I- I
144. Stalling and obstruction
: g4 Q5 s$ U; F* t/ `& g" A 145. General administrative noncooperation
" J5 E+ ~9 q Z$ u
- D/ X) o/ i& M+ k- e M" D# P 146. Judicial noncooperation
$ K# p# j; }) Z' n$ } 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents7 c; k0 B: ]6 P6 a! j2 H j
148. Mutiny4 Y' m4 G) r: \4 Q9 H: X
Domestic Governmental Action
9 i. D! s6 B. `$ Q- {$ E' ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 C2 E+ L3 P, _: q. S+ y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units* O+ k V y! |( _2 D4 k7 K
& q6 Y1 c. a3 G, z w$ ]; TInternational Governmental Action
# U5 W. U' F, N4 S 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations2 E0 }: }8 @+ f' u) X$ }
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' a; A0 A4 W! A 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
$ J. F" H) f* W3 R) a' n8 r 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 |2 k9 {1 d5 ~# d# u 155. Withdrawal from international organizations# C& S8 ~. ?/ _6 e) }. n
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
: W/ D- ^; A7 j+ h9 e( B, G+ r 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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( S+ j" e- z6 t$ x7 B. {/ s8 R/ ^' E L" n$ R% N. A( l
* o. m( ~: [) q) p7 B! a" ?! O2 hTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 y+ s3 ~, ~: ]
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$ V8 e( g& `$ U/ D) X; GPsychological Intervention0 I$ \9 A" E3 U* g. q2 p* ^9 a' V
158. Self-exposure to the elements0 ^" y: p9 E7 }* w. M* w
159. The fast
, O4 `) B2 {- x' a* o a) Fast of moral pressure
: d: a& g X: g! } b) Hunger strike
]0 B" C# K# J7 E' Y c) Satyagrahic fast* x# o1 b% L% {5 H7 Q% q3 P1 j
160. Reverse trial
{8 r, m( |! j; ^+ M0 V7 u 161. Nonviolent harassment
; F0 B* I4 a. i4 u- a% B4 v5 a
4 e# o! m; I0 F+ f' e& Q% k" ePhysical Intervention
$ ~+ G1 H2 P3 {, ^8 z2 X 162. Sit-in
' @- Y' j+ h. j! T- K) V! n3 f 163. Stand-in1 z9 g% K+ f0 g u% H
164. Ride-in
! |: [5 e: e) N$ } 165. Wade-in
5 t/ B; x: P( g' z% e9 l 166. Mill-in
0 ^% m: C: B% F# D 167. Pray-in
' y% y8 L1 r1 z, ] 168. Nonviolent raids9 i* |& Q& P7 w6 J" \2 T
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 M6 u. W7 }& r, V4 a 170. Nonviolent invasion
! S7 t) t, Y5 h- y% u8 B+ I3 z 171. Nonviolent interjection
+ d2 S5 K( V7 Q) J( y, g% E; w% d1 r3 q 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! S# @( x. G/ H0 e" B 173. Nonviolent occupation
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5 t* h. d% U! W' k+ \. jSocial Intervention
3 \0 A" ^- Y" H 174. Establishing new social patterns8 w J4 z6 s( M3 L
175. Overloading of facilities
4 H t7 F o, \+ `) e 176. Stall-in
% |# f( i& M5 |7 h3 ^' q, Q+ U 177. Speak-in0 o3 g* X/ @& E8 |7 `% ], g# _7 K
178. Guerrilla theater
: W, W: B/ H9 w' f 179. Alternative social institutions
# d ?" t7 U& g: ?7 V U& Q! R 180. Alternative communication system
8 i; r# X. w* d6 y `- Y6 _( O: X& t/ d h& n: S, _
Economic Intervention
2 P4 R2 \0 K5 h1 c. R1 K, m 181. Reverse strike
2 i, H( a g; \; Y) f 182. Stay-in strike
, R' i! @+ N3 c/ g% I; C 183. Nonviolent land seizure
% d2 X/ t8 b: {9 I( C2 c 184. Defiance of blockades1 q% ~! V! n* V
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ @* w: |1 z( m, T [6 q8 l- Z
186. Preclusive purchasing; Z% M8 [+ _8 [ K$ }. D) o2 ~' }
187. Seizure of assets
H, j9 ]# s' a6 l! k- h 188. Dumping' j. Z1 _, u" I3 j: m7 P! E5 g! i
189. Selective patronage
# ]: P" d; I( J( I( b 190. Alternative markets, ^& q& C1 K4 m- s& p7 [
191. Alternative transportation systems; |( d* C* a' W
192. Alternative economic institutions- I7 ^/ L$ z4 g* Z6 a9 S Z5 \
+ e* ^; B r' f$ B6 Q: @Political Intervention0 t9 \; I) y5 I. m" _0 \1 s
193. Overloading of administrative systems3 I S0 X4 l- H5 d
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 M d* i0 b) N. h+ @+ b' L 195. Seeking imprisonment
1 o9 I. P% i6 g) _& w% L- T 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws y$ g( {: b5 N- M# F% S7 A
197. Work-on without collaboration8 Y& u2 D& Y, Z$ H6 Y
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government/ S0 f+ P( Y4 z/ K* j
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
