 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION. h; b4 j' Q; o' V" E: K P# q
Formal Statements" A% S4 n1 i; I0 f# R
1. Public Speeches
! e9 l3 l* `* f' B2 H; }+ M' S' T$ F6 c- r 2. Letters of opposition or support
" V$ ^- S, W9 a3 t5 ]1 s 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions/ a$ x. v0 [0 X& P% v& ^/ M
4. Signed public statements
8 \4 }( w5 k% K1 w. B 5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 I+ a! p1 V/ \( b) _( j
6. Group or mass petitions
! R. c. @* _* o% @1 d3 Q# D, p6 C8 Y) c. |7 ~2 p6 E$ a
Communications with a Wider Audience
2 P. u! s; B- x& \/ R 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
3 j" ~! Z# M8 c x5 y 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 r: i! ?$ m& j) ^. h4 I' m1 _' `3 I
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books# E; Q$ V2 ~' E$ R" I
10. Newspapers and journals
; x- T1 |/ [# w/ h( W# T- x 11. Records, radio, and television
3 D# K3 W9 C5 y$ A 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ D h' H! x7 ~* k
' H$ o8 w$ j# ]# Y. q2 m% wGroup Representations' ]8 K' N! M0 } @+ R
13. Deputations% H7 ^9 ]8 j3 _/ j" j: `1 C% c
14. Mock awards; t" \ ?1 `4 u# ~
15. Group lobbying; _+ X% H8 ~0 L1 r" s ]2 b
16. Picketing
3 q4 S9 |* ]9 ]' m: z! R7 q; K 17. Mock elections
- r* M) i3 P @% ] M _! L, ~3 Q2 D
Symbolic Public Acts% Z( W: {% i( {* H1 ~, U5 \6 Q( w
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) u* l( v K' x# n% z( d
19. Wearing of symbols
3 l- x: T1 j; k; S- Y( I) X1 Q 20. Prayer and worship
' `5 q8 }. \, G* _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects) K% }% ]. g6 }, X, w) I) S
22. Protest disrobings- G6 B+ R+ a9 U' t
23. Destruction of own property
% u+ S) W) i2 { 24. Symbolic lights
. i9 m9 R% c7 j# v! t8 B+ }- D 25. Displays of portraits
3 f8 p' i. i2 O) R" T4 w1 j 26. Paint as protest
. i/ n6 G7 d* w m* [ 27. New signs and names g8 c. t+ h+ o! `0 f2 l& m
28. Symbolic sounds. ~- y- ]. p2 c7 U
29. Symbolic reclamations- W, ?+ @+ h; ~4 Y) D, }. w
30. Rude gestures: _* j* d% `- y3 h4 O$ b
& N7 M4 X7 n; z* U$ QPressures on Individuals
0 J* o# h. |. d1 \7 o- y+ K) b 31. “Haunting” officials
6 C5 R8 G$ t/ M9 X3 Y6 h; z 32. Taunting officials" W- E0 e* h! f: y, \4 y
33. Fraternization
$ V4 N" V$ Y2 G# C$ A2 S 34. Vigils
8 b; W7 O& V$ h/ Q
! \7 V* M6 I1 W) HDrama and Music- m+ Q" {! m% v1 m5 e0 N6 E
35. Humorous skits and pranks
) P1 Z& ?; e- H2 x: `( H/ Y c/ v 36. Performances of plays and music [3 Z) Q; y6 }
37. Singing* E9 Y1 [" Z8 y( {
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Processions
4 W7 u; x; V. J0 P, F$ s% d: q 38. Marches" C/ s) f2 n9 I( ?; I( N, Z
39. Parades# {- X% G6 U h
40. Religious processions
; s! b# \9 A$ T$ } G 41. Pilgrimages
" h: N# h2 E1 g6 O# X6 p& S 42. Motorcades9 h3 f' T: T& [( j
J8 B7 G1 @1 S5 R- z+ F
Honoring the Dead
. T- u2 V% [, |- n" y 43. Political mourning; J- o) x, D W9 U& }6 W0 r
44. Mock funerals
5 e0 d0 A1 Z& R/ C 45. Demonstrative funerals4 D u7 T7 h" A
46. Homage at burial places
7 y0 ~6 L8 z7 B: g- _5 |+ F# r+ |" W: Q5 _/ q5 ^1 J
Public Assemblies
+ d- W( Q" P4 Y0 H p 47. Assemblies of protest or support
! u* B5 ]- Y" B 48. Protest meetings/ J, p- {2 i8 O, E8 g7 D
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 U; k# e; @* J8 i, x7 l
50. Teach-ins6 C" |8 @6 D# h7 j+ }# t/ Y" V
/ [+ ^1 b$ u' U: o7 @- k
Withdrawal and Renunciation
* }. E% J3 m8 i# H 51. Walk-outs4 b0 s) G7 l+ f9 P& t1 A3 j* b
52. Silence
, O! L6 U/ N _ 53. Renouncing honors9 @" t3 {/ z3 Z* N0 C6 e7 @
54. Turning one’s back
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9 K& D% z8 z% `& b! n# nTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION. M. b- f( a* O& x9 r" u" E
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/ _+ _. @' r. Z6 R$ e& p& L* ~; J
' W* b7 v- j/ t/ F. h( B8 P, a) Z
Ostracism of Persons
! y+ o I: z4 C- k4 J 55. Social boycott
. b. w; O# R( ]4 o1 A 56. Selective social boycott
# z; I3 [0 W/ v8 ~" U2 s 57. Lysistratic nonaction
8 f1 M- C# `+ X$ O5 P 58. Excommunication4 ~ r) l$ ?5 K; j1 r/ ~0 a* p% s
59. Interdict
: D: i0 e7 m( W- I: f G
9 e( P6 ~. z0 k \0 _Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) I# Q- c+ c" I
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ j" x6 q o6 `0 U 61. Boycott of social affairs
' d( H! E7 B$ P# w j7 D 62. Student strike
6 M. y* T# s3 D, H; H. | 63. Social disobedience
5 @9 c j) _" R+ q0 U4 X" L 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ X+ l. F/ i. c/ F
. C& g/ s: J; y/ }# }& S: O G6 fWithdrawal from the Social System
/ u' B( u4 H- y, u6 E- f 65. Stay-at-home0 ^: S& o7 {" N# y+ [6 P) ^
66. Total personal noncooperation
; S; w1 n0 @% ] 67. “Flight” of workers# k" N( u! b" H" C! \
68. Sanctuary4 c I( N1 U2 y3 j
69. Collective disappearance
3 z6 L' S* W% C% F1 N5 W 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)% z: \3 ~+ q! C
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
# t* `4 p- ` `5 R _; k0 v2 w- S. d ^, M+ R/ Z) u; Z0 U. d
: Y- h2 g% ~+ u; F/ `Actions by Consumers
9 W( V, p" R+ B3 Y( F0 j 71. Consumers’ boycott
" O5 h6 i! p* l2 B3 ?5 A# G 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
8 D6 f3 u) r7 f7 w 73. Policy of austerity
! P) k/ U1 _# z2 C5 D5 @ 74. Rent withholding
$ F$ D5 Z" m" ^" |9 K& t% ^& G' b4 P 75. Refusal to rent
& h) j2 }: o6 F( U; d+ l/ I b0 p% N 76. National consumers’ boycott
) i9 H1 o* N8 c; x; a 77. International consumers’ boycott" ~% O# @7 ~0 v& j1 h
W7 n; @9 V8 t! g/ o
Action by Workers and Producers
3 ~; C1 o, p% x6 [& v 78. Workmen’s boycott* t; `( u0 p* J4 U: {
79. Producers’ boycott Y3 e- c6 @* G
$ @$ m* g5 V0 }% x
Action by Middlemen
1 u- A6 C& U; g$ x' c, t1 R7 k+ ] 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
1 g& n1 a7 {& C q- _+ o/ f
6 a& X9 Z. G8 j2 \: J& G) h' xAction by Owners and Management
/ F2 i! u: _# i: Q6 h7 f 81. Traders’ boycott
- r8 E% H+ R8 d' O7 v; ? 82. Refusal to let or sell property
% y' T X: K: _9 v x/ _ 83. Lockout6 c& j1 p7 r( y% O; ]
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: M9 h$ a0 K8 ` N- t' _! b9 I" F 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
& Y2 `9 P3 T1 @8 U3 h
9 B! u C" m2 L" fAction by Holders of Financial Resources8 M/ P# E. D1 q2 u
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits$ l a L" h% t5 x* \% _- f/ ~/ V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! y* o4 z7 O: ` D0 [8 ? 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 a* q$ E( [; Z5 @! f, I o& ^8 v
89. Severance of funds and credit
3 Z; K3 K# R- f+ M2 W+ K' i 90. Revenue refusal
/ i; U5 x1 }) t% S 91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 n8 r! L. }9 E9 _3 P( R* n1 p. f9 G) H0 k' t9 g, \
Action by Governments
5 v g$ \- a& R2 [) x 92. Domestic embargo
/ o8 R5 A1 x' k6 z7 V 93. Blacklisting of traders
6 X( o" S- A5 N8 }. q 94. International sellers’ embargo _+ V% o' f/ M. l5 Z3 }$ k
95. International buyers’ embargo/ ^8 a& _* o! I) w% F, E" o
96. International trade embargo
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! E" O$ ^$ q' m. m- ]$ H( o4 x hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE$ r4 p8 `4 u5 a
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6 N1 O0 p# I1 d# iSymbolic Strikes6 o/ @* C% }# E" L+ O
97. Protest strike h7 z) v$ |, Y/ }
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# }" i/ ~% M7 S* u7 {
9 u$ N: m' k- CAgricultural Strikes& {( S. Q' i7 D( S8 d9 J
99. Peasant strike
6 @( E5 e9 n' V3 i" j; K j, } 100. Farm Workers’ strike
- X( T5 Z' Z) f" w+ Q9 J/ ]0 X
5 S4 X8 c2 }( o' F) J7 z& LStrikes by Special Groups
3 t# ~ Z/ m, T5 s7 d 101. Refusal of impressed labor
$ z+ \+ c4 n2 T( A1 @ 102. Prisoners’ strike; A$ ~! h" n; g4 j1 H0 F$ F
103. Craft strike
# O. n7 I. b- {9 U: n 104. Professional strike# c# O( {6 ~# T, Z- W
! [" I; s% y7 Q& H/ F6 z3 cOrdinary Industrial Strikes+ t5 \3 I4 b' ]6 _+ e8 j, [3 B
105. Establishment strike0 A7 D o( z- l/ ]: |( y# o9 `
106. Industry strike
) [& v1 L- x U2 z3 [ 107. Sympathetic strike
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" [' s) E% {" ~' i; pRestricted Strikes
; N4 e) Q- F2 L. u 108. Detailed strike- R1 S& z! |9 E! w7 W
109. Bumper strike
M4 A6 h& V5 Z5 T6 }' t 110. Slowdown strike
+ U- @' a, h+ \+ g k! x( O 111. Working-to-rule strike
% L* r N7 X6 O1 b 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" \4 Z: x6 z2 A( o: B 113. Strike by resignation
' T; u+ I; x( y 114. Limited strike5 N) A8 a7 J9 y. h
115. Selective strike
) P0 Z6 L1 y: [8 ^3 E
m- e6 _! T9 ? j; z6 X. cMulti-Industry Strikes
/ [* I- R/ j- |- M8 i+ i
, M9 q" K; R# z 116. Generalized strike
/ u: H1 }/ t# [
/ _4 _- c, I9 Y& p& c% b- j 117. General strike
/ i. I' R8 ?2 e \) }0 n
. ^/ ~: i; \6 K1 \* C: E3 TCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; S8 ~( h# I7 m- ^: m. S- J- G' c* C! x3 c* @& s1 U2 P
118. Hartal
) ~/ K. f5 m2 z/ @
' G# v5 j% U+ Q2 G! |& W- y 119. Economic shutdown% }3 H* ]3 C$ r3 }
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: c3 u, N: B, R* l* F4 V
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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8 a/ b9 {4 `1 nRejection of Authority
4 ]2 k; h ~8 R% N0 ^ ~5 [ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 o; W; R; f2 w, \( u
121. Refusal of public support! @6 J. k" [/ \8 ~( |* E8 Q
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 c0 t6 q7 |0 e: s1 W8 R) V5 Y7 ?
) \ z- \0 C! A+ V+ WCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 X, x9 ?8 W9 x6 l) f" W# o0 T
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
( l6 N4 }, A2 Q7 S3 z 124. Boycott of elections
3 d+ R0 z" n0 A, s6 v0 R u 125. Boycott of government employment and positions/ H/ _* @( E6 S+ x, ^
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 R, l! q9 b/ P# R0 h
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions' |6 l8 Q1 y0 c; _
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ ~( l/ h$ M3 @0 Z- o" ]+ B 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents. Y( g, D5 g% X' d- e' C' b! X
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, e H* N5 q' J: G3 { 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 R% n8 ?) l: c: t9 O
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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$ Y% f* S3 u& F: ZCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience8 m) z) U5 H; W: @/ J9 n$ V% f% }1 J
133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ h$ x( Z9 S/ N6 A: P3 x; e9 |2 B! s
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ w8 z5 {/ w7 G- x6 c7 a3 X0 V: |6 A 135. Popular nonobedience
, t6 j6 \$ P$ j 136. Disguised disobedience* n1 x0 j# l5 v- Y' ~. E3 a! f
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' t' }2 f# l1 F; ?5 I& X$ i
138. Sitdown" X9 i& `% t! F' `! D/ g
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 R2 s' a2 Z x+ P 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
; p( N$ O( H2 t2 S+ a8 Y! z! e& I 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
6 {% X/ C4 }$ n: K; b0 e. U) Y% q4 m$ b( N u# [ E) O7 A, r+ Q$ W
Action by Government Personnel
6 p3 ?+ ~0 d+ G: l0 [ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; h3 D" ?1 T# W9 V' P! m# M 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. |9 T( _7 }" N& v 144. Stalling and obstruction
9 G( }/ s) G1 f4 V. q) u! [& f 145. General administrative noncooperation
5 X* o9 S5 F# C
% p$ T# A; E1 ] 146. Judicial noncooperation
" m5 t5 x; n1 [& |' ^2 U 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
% x# W8 s+ ~$ E" W+ ~! k3 U 148. Mutiny
* E, D+ K4 U! k& LDomestic Governmental Action" ^/ M% _. g7 f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
! K. T0 v, v* S) R2 `+ v 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 _0 N5 }# F' M' c/ ]# ?
1 P- I9 z0 O/ C0 F" T( oInternational Governmental Action/ P, \* s& q! n! L! H
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 H; B+ {7 N9 K5 }( g. t+ D* t 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
, c) t _2 J' F! y3 X 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
+ f- v2 u' B2 E0 W5 ^5 V1 C) g 154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 q6 S% n: B" B7 i0 j0 `
155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 a. Z! t5 L+ C; T# V+ t
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
. M1 l; x3 b/ T% Z( i' H+ k- h 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
4 V7 m2 K; h5 o5 d
: {" Y+ B% _7 b; j( I1 w3 b % h& x" E: F$ e5 G2 N# Z* C
Psychological Intervention
5 Y- D% F+ _1 ~* s9 ^ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
' v/ o7 t1 p3 T: h9 |& F% Q9 m 159. The fast/ B4 `$ B5 X" m) u
a) Fast of moral pressure
8 @0 s8 U# z+ C& S: D/ C0 g b) Hunger strike
3 o& |4 e E( t) {) @( a3 s- o c) Satyagrahic fast% [! ^9 a' v& m) J3 ?! ^$ T8 s
160. Reverse trial P0 }- u, z9 P
161. Nonviolent harassment
- w E) z" K# k6 ^" e5 I% G# J. G. X0 n; I) }
Physical Intervention
d" ?- s& E+ p, Z 162. Sit-in$ n, |) v/ A$ m
163. Stand-in
) j% ^$ @4 T4 [& g9 p 164. Ride-in9 a z; R- U [& Z
165. Wade-in
; f6 c, y$ t0 s3 ~7 `3 Q( }0 [4 ^1 ~ 166. Mill-in
5 C, C6 P- I7 Z; B# A( W 167. Pray-in
. n5 W p' B6 ?' B' `& l) H/ Z 168. Nonviolent raids/ g+ U6 B" E$ I* \$ [& M& s
169. Nonviolent air raids
3 {! [$ L0 F% R; L8 a 170. Nonviolent invasion/ W* U0 V. @1 s$ \8 |
171. Nonviolent interjection
6 j; L- ?' T6 f, z* z' ]( b 172. Nonviolent obstruction7 t% G* H8 @; K {' H
173. Nonviolent occupation# u0 l! U3 L9 y
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Social Intervention
0 G0 C, ]0 E: b4 E: \7 w" r/ R 174. Establishing new social patterns5 ?+ B$ ~- ~/ k7 c# `4 l: C% I
175. Overloading of facilities$ q6 f9 @. v4 L/ e( o( V- V% I4 C
176. Stall-in
" q! I) Z! m$ a. H; L0 Y 177. Speak-in
/ @. y: g) x: |+ _* y1 } 178. Guerrilla theater
/ i7 @ X) g+ d" }# h7 W 179. Alternative social institutions8 Y R% ? w6 A4 \: Q, n( I
180. Alternative communication system% m* b. R( l/ I% X9 ]& e( s
6 x6 E4 y0 j! E* _: U# bEconomic Intervention0 N% {8 C7 u4 Z! T$ w) T
181. Reverse strike& E( V, ^! p; r7 u
182. Stay-in strike
& b1 t7 J9 Z) F4 g& H1 c2 M4 m 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' X$ O0 n, ?1 g) s. @ 184. Defiance of blockades
/ e9 ^+ v5 q! o1 O: K# h 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
/ F+ d& i' C* x: e$ }( @" x5 |& g 186. Preclusive purchasing r: F& N% D8 @) \; E/ D
187. Seizure of assets
; X! K `3 ?2 z, M 188. Dumping
8 B" s3 Q6 G9 B$ G/ @ c2 ]% c 189. Selective patronage
. P1 u+ \ W0 v( B, z 190. Alternative markets
2 y, v2 T$ y( a T, b% x 191. Alternative transportation systems( ~6 p$ U6 l$ n- A% w$ _% O
192. Alternative economic institutions6 s% A: H g g) j- E b% |0 D; D
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Political Intervention
; t5 i2 ]) x0 V 193. Overloading of administrative systems2 K, z6 g& a# B+ X" A2 B9 h |
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 T! g0 x+ ~6 K) h% ?. K1 {8 T3 x
195. Seeking imprisonment+ ^8 G; J) D5 f6 l- U/ z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) D+ \! J1 z" a, s4 c 197. Work-on without collaboration
1 s) E, V6 r( H- {/ j( h2 ? 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government5 P. [# w6 Z$ q2 p6 [, k/ h
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
