 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 ?( ~0 ^1 a1 SFormal Statements! J2 x4 C. L8 m, m* O$ t. y- ?8 ?
1. Public Speeches0 k5 J7 ]6 \# T
2. Letters of opposition or support5 N( u) I: Y! b' q" b, U; S
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ b, l g0 I& @4 {& T+ g" A
4. Signed public statements
8 b) B: t, H& U4 W, J" V6 K. @ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention( l* C& k& v. T5 ?. r, v
6. Group or mass petitions$ ^3 N: C0 b2 g
9 L- a' s# z7 [" V* z, T T
Communications with a Wider Audience
7 a. g1 A* j+ D3 J0 n m 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; M) W" K+ j, A$ M( B 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' C; c8 H# M' r1 | 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books2 \ Y! s3 d1 K D$ ]4 l
10. Newspapers and journals
* H& L' o4 }$ _: x" Q. c 11. Records, radio, and television
* K+ F" W) p1 Z1 @9 o4 G 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 [6 l: T* ^" `/ ~+ E
% A8 Q# k+ W4 G% a& D9 `0 l0 qGroup Representations! A5 Z0 I- d/ y0 c; v! u: ~
13. Deputations* ?) {8 n8 ], h
14. Mock awards
) V. N$ \% G* {: N, h. r2 e+ @% m 15. Group lobbying/ Z9 W; G' S* t( n9 X% J, z
16. Picketing
( O! i0 j, q. d5 W$ v 17. Mock elections
9 ~3 A/ S- H$ b- w; N* i7 R& r! L0 A
Symbolic Public Acts
- [9 D8 Q7 H W% ^ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 R2 j9 |( [& ~8 C/ S 19. Wearing of symbols2 j$ X+ [- a; S, s8 Q* c; e
20. Prayer and worship) i2 \# |/ r" Z' a6 t8 x+ f
21. Delivering symbolic objects- g0 N7 y5 U* f: n F g" [; K- r
22. Protest disrobings v2 @0 D% Z7 m' ^% @/ {5 M
23. Destruction of own property
2 ^' X( z# n+ a" w; f$ L0 E4 X u 24. Symbolic lights7 I+ F/ I5 V* k: B
25. Displays of portraits4 ^' ?) K- @7 H1 p, l
26. Paint as protest( i: b. a* o6 t; x
27. New signs and names9 R7 t8 ~0 \* F$ o5 C2 P& U7 d
28. Symbolic sounds/ s6 e$ L, E/ Q1 _4 q
29. Symbolic reclamations1 u1 e |; {; {( B8 h' G( g) n2 Y C
30. Rude gestures" V! l# V* A+ {/ i+ {7 m2 H
, L; ~% n! S' ~+ ~2 S7 s
Pressures on Individuals
+ X3 b' a6 ]8 u" { 31. “Haunting” officials
" g( A( A: ?3 n. a$ ^& o 32. Taunting officials3 X0 m( G+ k, j: R& M N4 W8 p
33. Fraternization. A; ^0 C% ?2 H7 ^9 X8 @ H
34. Vigils
0 l4 o D. Q6 r2 _2 v8 ]5 }4 B
Drama and Music# B- \( m) x _/ T
35. Humorous skits and pranks3 r3 r$ }* S6 C _
36. Performances of plays and music
; x5 o) a1 Y& n: O' ] 37. Singing _. b2 u( r, @
- V! i! v: p. J3 L" r$ mProcessions* j2 i; a- a! ?" r# A4 N6 u
38. Marches
" _' r; J" H b0 n( ` 39. Parades6 C, b/ w6 R O5 ^
40. Religious processions+ Y) G3 `5 [% M* c, ^4 G
41. Pilgrimages$ [! q5 y. Q. ^" X6 J
42. Motorcades2 K s( m' ]5 R w
& k, ~) T. e, v5 v7 Z
Honoring the Dead
( \) z: ^& p- v3 y 43. Political mourning
: w' l& M5 p7 m' h& [1 H8 ` e* x 44. Mock funerals
3 C' c. A+ }, F 45. Demonstrative funerals
6 B: Q ~- Y! r2 r* I 46. Homage at burial places
" y3 t/ G6 b& Q0 Q# I3 I* a# o3 \
$ U+ h0 A/ b7 J; |0 e, rPublic Assemblies) X/ S+ V: D4 e+ ?+ k
47. Assemblies of protest or support, w9 @: ~0 H7 d* X
48. Protest meetings' s5 r/ `) G; ?4 j) c* d+ `
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 d' i3 ^1 t) U9 p$ F 50. Teach-ins* ?; P9 u8 V$ ?+ E" V! P/ t. x0 v5 N
9 w5 u8 N. r, X& }7 VWithdrawal and Renunciation
. I W" M/ y4 j+ M V/ M 51. Walk-outs$ U' R8 I. m0 }0 C7 F
52. Silence
2 u2 w* R E! k) F 53. Renouncing honors. b5 z* K# F- q- c9 o
54. Turning one’s back% d) k1 L9 E' L3 s
! u- L! F9 p4 f3 P, E . x+ ~/ T) z6 W0 m9 W- F
; }6 \- J% ?' `" S% t* \/ q8 CTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
. O, l; ` z* ^- [8 }# ^# w h* T" |
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* a: x: U" a" e% W* A+ w* X6 _) D
Ostracism of Persons
6 ]; N) G+ C+ {0 G9 }- R 55. Social boycott
1 E+ j8 J- g" S% | z2 `7 e* C8 \ 56. Selective social boycott% W6 o" _4 j9 y {2 b5 V9 A2 a
57. Lysistratic nonaction
" y1 W* b/ b8 E- _. u! U, @6 V# u 58. Excommunication$ s2 _: C4 w6 n4 C; [3 H
59. Interdict
) p1 P5 [- S `9 s0 K& Q0 x' M+ E- F3 Y0 I8 s# i- u3 t
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 B$ t0 R: `( X* C 60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 v' y- t* T& H( L
61. Boycott of social affairs+ W4 ~& D% Z5 N- M& P* y
62. Student strike
3 U1 m+ }* `- R6 j6 Z+ o0 F 63. Social disobedience) V. C2 { W' U. G. B+ z
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
; G" l7 U( Z" V& U' z
+ }% y& o; v. z& Q' @! I2 NWithdrawal from the Social System- p+ N7 _2 c9 `3 z/ y
65. Stay-at-home
) z* U- A1 Y. `% [, h! _7 ?( \ 66. Total personal noncooperation+ _- r) X/ y& p9 Z }, n# b8 j
67. “Flight” of workers
3 Q2 ^0 R* Z% H8 F, {- p& P 68. Sanctuary
+ ]1 a+ z0 y" z. k 69. Collective disappearance
, N& |$ y+ g0 [1 C 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
- j! t9 M4 ]4 r& M4 c8 ? M
2 c$ c v6 V+ F. k) G; B Q
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& {6 X4 R1 \3 N* u) ZTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS& |1 N, ^9 p$ N$ I2 e' f
( C2 ^9 z- D3 D% N% K: E$ a % \9 x& G+ O1 Y! C& {7 w
Actions by Consumers# E$ R9 |3 A* r3 e+ N2 _& [
71. Consumers’ boycott
9 q$ \' C$ ?( z# y2 z 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 P0 V4 d& Z5 e! x 73. Policy of austerity
4 x) W/ V- o* S/ w8 F& |- r 74. Rent withholding
& c9 |9 ?+ l( I: c. a7 [* v' w 75. Refusal to rent
2 j" ^$ \! y: m2 B1 |; H. l 76. National consumers’ boycott7 P6 c, T, O. \
77. International consumers’ boycott
t1 k/ B8 X, F k1 g2 W* A/ Q- \. C5 S' b* F) z; m+ o4 h# S1 l% H
Action by Workers and Producers
( A3 q# a- `5 W& t' l4 \ 78. Workmen’s boycott
# S1 _, c" i5 k8 ] 79. Producers’ boycott
: P. T% r O( C7 n9 o: T4 b$ | I" C) o! F& w. r0 Q
Action by Middlemen; Q4 K" C. E9 q8 i8 l3 v& {
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott& E, w" N' J8 j) z4 g z
$ m; @4 q7 C" c$ J) D0 `8 q$ G
Action by Owners and Management
: R" Q! h7 G. m 81. Traders’ boycott
4 x( L2 T" B3 V9 u1 S 82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 u! n) n: X& _1 o 83. Lockout" T% Z1 A2 s( c- x3 S& s5 w* c( v
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ V/ f H/ G' l, X% j 85. Merchants’ “general strike”% L- ^: |- J- z* ]& ]
9 I4 N2 y" j/ h6 I: G; ^: A
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 r* C( q/ ~. {8 `+ D 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% c H$ C$ u( g3 `, d
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments$ B$ k& ?1 F; n" ^
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
7 E, W, ?. `0 L8 N2 a 89. Severance of funds and credit
) X K Y- r; j, k 90. Revenue refusal( }; {, Z4 ]7 ^) n: ?) z
91. Refusal of a government’s money
! S: E) [$ `8 F$ H% v* }& l, X% Z% e8 T' @
Action by Governments8 o* S& Y4 a! Y2 @' Z
92. Domestic embargo! \1 V# L" B9 n# ^, _7 W
93. Blacklisting of traders
9 ]0 u. V) v9 i e; ~0 p [- U 94. International sellers’ embargo
8 t# i! u. t8 ]0 k V 95. International buyers’ embargo
# {8 K+ h) b6 \0 w 96. International trade embargo: Q' @2 L; r% e; ^! t
9 ?5 f7 ]" Z4 U5 [2 u8 C: a. l
4 v2 q9 Q. W7 o; a# |8 N
1 w, L& C$ P1 e! T# S- lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE9 v$ K2 E/ v9 R$ n- ?
" T4 b! C1 r9 p0 [. d, n. T7 g 4 B7 Z2 x: M0 M' V' v7 c) E
Symbolic Strikes
t/ I% a8 Q4 E! _ 97. Protest strike
) h) c r1 o* N' K1 B* R 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 s2 O4 W: T. N S, H; @) x6 `) [
6 {" p$ b7 x. I% E& J7 dAgricultural Strikes
. ~6 O. e' h* Z- r! q2 N6 t$ e 99. Peasant strike; q" o3 t0 U0 \4 h2 a( z+ o
100. Farm Workers’ strike
3 Q' V0 ]+ C% p- q2 f" b' L' I' H. }9 a
Strikes by Special Groups8 O" L `& m1 X+ A
101. Refusal of impressed labor
: z2 O' m/ E2 v9 T( h 102. Prisoners’ strike& W0 n" T3 }2 L/ ]
103. Craft strike
( B* q' K" v% ]4 k3 \ 104. Professional strike
( y1 v* @$ l& B: A v6 r: L
% e2 B+ N& A4 _/ l; QOrdinary Industrial Strikes
. P F3 N! w1 e! f 105. Establishment strike
% u2 `3 k; s* R$ ?' C 106. Industry strike
4 v& f% D. `" |. o4 M 107. Sympathetic strike
* b* P$ { C& ~; n& A' |
+ u s" l0 y/ B8 g6 f5 ^Restricted Strikes
7 g: U; b2 H9 v3 r' q6 K 108. Detailed strike* t" i- L& f/ N1 o8 q- D
109. Bumper strike3 a! C% O {2 E0 a4 D1 _/ z
110. Slowdown strike' n" ~& g2 Z6 A1 k
111. Working-to-rule strike
C# P2 b, t, G% x7 \ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" p% ]: s& V: ~: Q+ b
113. Strike by resignation
3 \7 D! k' p5 B l 114. Limited strike
* h$ H! y" p- j8 r" Y% B, X 115. Selective strike
7 O* L; O, d9 _4 O: ^
- w. n* E" l: T: v) e: fMulti-Industry Strikes
7 K* }1 }/ u# J6 ]* z9 C9 Z2 d4 T+ h Z- w: e2 J
116. Generalized strike3 c6 G% T/ y1 d
9 s4 d4 V+ ?! u& ~- h- P/ k
117. General strike
8 @, w. U% N% |) f+ C
. X/ @/ B4 A& k0 }8 GCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- @( G' O7 {* R- M- ~3 |5 ~) ^6 B% }" z' y# Q# c# ?5 Q0 j. b. I* }
118. Hartal( |1 D& H/ T+ J. [4 c2 g# e: j0 N
' z- A* n" t2 C7 I E2 n
119. Economic shutdown
! T1 k/ A- X- O
' ~4 e- A, E' c* i+ E- F$ c" f - S! \# j2 J6 b+ M, Y
( a/ g- I( U' \! C: | CTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ G3 Q; k0 M- ]+ Y, F$ T$ O- JRejection of Authority! A4 ?& ~5 e; o! b
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance/ ?4 s; E- P( a: O
121. Refusal of public support+ \0 x% }9 A7 L* b
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 J: r* ?: ^4 x$ N1 W: F0 k6 h
% a/ e7 R5 j, \: a2 i. lCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
7 M" }! T- T; ~/ s& M 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ R& t- ?3 g) l( B4 Q; e 124. Boycott of elections
) ~) c# `. k3 C G1 b 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 ]6 } {! [. Q& m 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
$ R5 G$ q2 b9 L4 B 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# s$ I( J' N+ @6 d. l! d1 ^ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
# O' {0 y* \$ M4 l& Y# @+ S, C' c 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 y" B( G# q5 C8 z% b 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, L) y+ Z, c5 `, ` 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
! O' u9 V0 i8 [; k$ H 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 D& z% T4 b# o7 V' v: ?
! G7 `5 y8 ]- R# J/ D6 KCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
% l1 c9 a) u, p( J# F( T: ` 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 a8 N0 k: ?# G# d0 U; n4 Y 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; |! B" L1 x9 `2 h+ Z& c3 {
135. Popular nonobedience
- u7 j- ~6 |# U6 P" N2 H 136. Disguised disobedience
' O( D7 I" b$ t2 `5 K8 X 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
) D7 n4 v: _1 Z, w) R' Z3 m 138. Sitdown1 I% V6 J" l' i+ ^! j
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ a( M1 @) h/ F0 `) W! @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& T" y; h; ]/ T 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws: v# d5 y: S% s( k" J
3 X1 b: j: H9 U
Action by Government Personnel
1 K. e+ @' y6 \- Y' s0 h, r 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: D" o6 U+ X6 @% p- w
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! B3 X5 X$ K$ _4 ]- F/ x9 v- Q7 n
144. Stalling and obstruction
: y/ z0 X) _: z" v4 N 145. General administrative noncooperation' |/ _& D5 ~" w) Z3 c* F
) `- c2 z2 U+ ?- H3 w- M
146. Judicial noncooperation
7 i) S/ }1 f! G( x7 Y9 o6 f3 {4 @' } 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents2 `$ O! L6 N; Z6 \
148. Mutiny6 [. W8 y! h- |- V( N4 b) \+ v
Domestic Governmental Action
! ~" G7 V2 @8 x$ F 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) Y X. f5 `& d0 ]) X. Z# \. H
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. ^" |. Y3 h; D: x$ z! G
7 K, z8 k" x: O# d3 R
International Governmental Action d" [2 O/ e; m; S% m' z6 B, s
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
7 V F& n0 b- h: g* E 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events D) w4 a* W+ k0 D
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition# b+ y' y9 q+ k2 I
154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 O) h5 F. W) C% A- a( r' O
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
3 ?! s- Q0 Y# ~, D 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- S/ j7 D% X% m! ~3 K
157. Expulsion from international organizations
; l+ J! J) ~% |0 h( J }: s1 `" K- r- F# T: k/ p+ e
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION& N' K3 [$ F0 _. c
* h! u" E" X' _2 Y9 y
2 |/ v9 W7 [4 p" R+ PPsychological Intervention
. |. N, i/ P+ R! |9 t: s 158. Self-exposure to the elements
* l- H1 f# K* t7 ?' R 159. The fast. o+ B S0 Z+ a; q3 R
a) Fast of moral pressure7 C5 E4 T& A; U" j- x; _/ b, v0 B
b) Hunger strike
: Q3 H5 d( P1 u+ r3 B( ^) ?0 p c) Satyagrahic fast7 k, ]. W* x. |/ K
160. Reverse trial- C q- ` x2 l. H4 X( D7 v* e
161. Nonviolent harassment/ Y" p8 f5 r: o s6 W9 f2 B
/ Y. R) _$ n. p2 M! tPhysical Intervention/ D2 N6 B# |, |1 k6 `
162. Sit-in
1 M5 C% X& A( g8 z8 c7 i$ y n1 a: U 163. Stand-in' W5 V1 Y% y- H% Q# U; \7 n
164. Ride-in* c& S$ L/ v; H1 q+ S# o
165. Wade-in! N4 S- n, u7 P! R Z0 p
166. Mill-in
, u, F p) u+ x 167. Pray-in
( _1 J7 t+ G8 m1 _, W 168. Nonviolent raids0 |0 I) G& c5 E3 D+ ~
169. Nonviolent air raids
* J% @- x" k3 x( ` W 170. Nonviolent invasion
6 s. ^+ w ?6 o+ u# a 171. Nonviolent interjection
: {1 D4 k: |- m% m5 }9 }! V, i 172. Nonviolent obstruction
" ?& p) D. S& S. U' T5 T% r0 {+ N# E 173. Nonviolent occupation, Z. R' R3 w- f: M* O4 N: n% Z( B0 W
) N4 G& t" ~9 C+ r/ z& g
Social Intervention
4 M" I2 H0 L1 V- X( h1 i3 o3 G3 h# q 174. Establishing new social patterns- B3 Z0 u5 W! c ]! x5 }# O
175. Overloading of facilities
" k0 y. F, q2 j* n, s 176. Stall-in
- A6 S6 q/ Z* R# j/ i 177. Speak-in
5 A7 t: e. G2 Y$ Z 178. Guerrilla theater
6 o- Z2 u3 D: ^% J O0 M2 B5 g 179. Alternative social institutions
9 e+ i+ `7 x( c* [7 o7 T 180. Alternative communication system
3 D' I* z) f; o' L6 [1 a3 G0 C7 e k4 ]! V; K
Economic Intervention8 R5 ^. J. i0 Q& w, o8 X( C1 ~
181. Reverse strike
* r' F! a1 f+ \2 a 182. Stay-in strike* i0 g! M, }+ `4 v
183. Nonviolent land seizure
% k: E. ?' |) E( `- f5 a7 X 184. Defiance of blockades3 h6 i' X$ s; Q# h5 \6 [
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
6 K9 w1 b1 l) Q1 }% y: r h. O 186. Preclusive purchasing, ^8 L3 ^9 J6 l6 E( l
187. Seizure of assets! f* Y- D8 l& Z# ~$ E1 K6 ~$ o
188. Dumping
" u9 g5 \6 X: g. n# G; |* L 189. Selective patronage; I9 E" W' t. W0 g* a5 _" w
190. Alternative markets
8 E! r2 V7 j% S" ~1 _ 191. Alternative transportation systems' n; e& W9 K# a4 ]' i# S9 a
192. Alternative economic institutions
7 r8 ^% c0 y" |9 ?2 Q% S# o2 E8 t- u+ ?! m% f. _2 F& K: i
Political Intervention
8 N$ X3 q3 c$ C7 A 193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 F6 @# G$ v- J& B 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents: U: [ o0 {& v: G' ^( E
195. Seeking imprisonment
- f) J9 Z( S# \ Q' O 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( S# ^1 z7 e3 e) I- V2 a- t+ Q- W 197. Work-on without collaboration
; T6 ~- P9 x* ] R" y' f: J 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( f, ]# y# a; p9 Y7 A6 g4 K( Q# i
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
