 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, q1 d; n& V6 h$ q& h$ x
Formal Statements
, w9 M3 @& R+ [. `! J8 y 1. Public Speeches* H/ v6 ]% E, e8 @" j% G8 q- f
2. Letters of opposition or support9 E% {) I! {' X& c8 A' s+ p
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& r4 y2 t" [$ ?8 n( J5 \: W 4. Signed public statements
5 X5 J1 Z, b3 ~8 L7 A+ G$ F; S3 r 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 U3 x, Q3 I- P0 A! [- f 6. Group or mass petitions
* F1 ^% M3 G" H( e9 L* ?
) w a# \9 X" C* U& }- c4 CCommunications with a Wider Audience
# i3 h2 H# c2 ]# F4 f 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- g% A7 X% ]$ z) F/ X8 Y) O
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications, g* `* s1 T) @6 T% p+ z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 j3 j; Z I# k+ A; ~ 10. Newspapers and journals& q! V' D9 ~, k
11. Records, radio, and television2 y5 A6 G$ ]1 q+ [
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
% e. o& u) C1 b/ `2 B
9 M; r) M/ e8 w* K- ^0 eGroup Representations L: Z' {9 d# ?$ p2 h
13. Deputations
+ q8 L, X- I# Z/ p4 N6 N" W) _7 G 14. Mock awards" r. Z- V9 a; w5 U7 Y3 ^
15. Group lobbying1 Z0 o9 g% X, m1 [6 a, a. p
16. Picketing6 q3 [; i0 s7 k$ A
17. Mock elections, y; v$ a& k: g4 Z
6 M, d7 Y t5 I& lSymbolic Public Acts
- ]4 S% d; o! i+ l9 S' l. Y/ y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- B8 T. _* p& I+ k$ P" {0 ` W' l5 U
19. Wearing of symbols
* g2 M5 B* y7 q0 l5 x7 N; d 20. Prayer and worship2 N7 x Z- I+ N9 f
21. Delivering symbolic objects+ W7 |: G/ T3 q) Q9 ]& Q4 g9 V
22. Protest disrobings
, f8 l0 h; C+ r5 w 23. Destruction of own property9 k7 D7 y' ~3 [' y4 }/ \2 Z9 K
24. Symbolic lights
- ?5 e& K! s: U+ K# v8 k' ^6 b 25. Displays of portraits- w7 ~5 A- _) i: o/ e( r% \* g
26. Paint as protest! [! o$ n6 D2 ]3 T" ]; _
27. New signs and names' s3 k% C/ B) W; h# r
28. Symbolic sounds$ k/ ]$ b$ |! i- `: W1 @ z5 Z2 b0 ]
29. Symbolic reclamations. B; W5 T8 C8 x3 V
30. Rude gestures
0 J. i! i6 b+ H3 Q2 m$ e( d
& m/ e( s+ G- ^# |6 Y% ePressures on Individuals- g8 B/ I* g! [; N; o' d' X
31. “Haunting” officials C# {( U; _) J t3 |- Q' j
32. Taunting officials
9 S* O9 g. }6 G* p! H 33. Fraternization
0 Q$ P- y" E* D8 j 34. Vigils1 Y `" X2 n; ~8 _. a* H* f* u
5 |4 I1 @; _0 Z. HDrama and Music
$ H; |2 f3 X1 s7 P& p/ b 35. Humorous skits and pranks; T# l4 B0 Z+ Z( C( F) S1 n; F; A
36. Performances of plays and music
- Z2 e/ ~; W. @8 d1 r9 z 37. Singing! j5 D5 ^; u% f3 D1 ~4 d" x4 M
" Y) u0 Q7 E3 r. @0 Y2 q: rProcessions/ L( u) Z' I w8 e- O: _* Y
38. Marches$ @% W) k8 w8 w* e: \
39. Parades/ ^$ z, o" f5 c
40. Religious processions
$ T$ }4 V7 t3 T* ~ 41. Pilgrimages% }$ c: n8 V/ N7 q3 j7 r9 Y
42. Motorcades( D' _) Z: J1 ?- ?7 H
* [- d" o( _) G5 g F% ?8 T
Honoring the Dead
( N+ V a: T) _7 d0 ^* {1 h1 ? 43. Political mourning
& m0 x1 b; }4 i; d+ n2 D+ E# ~; ^ 44. Mock funerals
9 i0 b: t9 Y9 w/ Z 45. Demonstrative funerals
- Y. [; D& `9 e9 X4 K 46. Homage at burial places3 @ z4 [# f {/ S& z
/ K9 m/ g2 D) V2 VPublic Assemblies
$ Q1 h: Z! F# {0 S _5 m 47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 x) j! \7 l+ C" e 48. Protest meetings
6 j( {1 b5 T7 }) z5 y! W 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 i2 Z3 s) S; C, o" M1 h/ p 50. Teach-ins' w& E/ y& C% Z# |* M7 t% p0 Y
l7 \* m6 m O/ ?Withdrawal and Renunciation' G a* \' {# E6 g4 P
51. Walk-outs
6 d6 Q4 _5 w2 u; ?/ n4 O3 F6 D) O 52. Silence2 h, j B- ~# I! F# H9 N r: d
53. Renouncing honors+ n# O" M7 N( p4 ~ |* F, S
54. Turning one’s back' t1 o: t" l, `) | ^
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6 w7 |2 ~% ^6 G6 G- T3 KTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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Ostracism of Persons
! O. D; n: ]* p/ j 55. Social boycott
& @) q9 s, B2 Q 56. Selective social boycott
' g6 S: x& Z6 M4 F0 z- J9 o: i 57. Lysistratic nonaction; {: s% d0 \. F6 ~" p
58. Excommunication
& d B- s3 |) ~2 n7 K* T9 d 59. Interdict: L3 Z7 p) M$ [. N4 W) M/ R
$ Z( o( ~6 r% Z. G1 ^+ `- M4 gNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ G* }( d7 T2 Z" [: h% r+ {
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
8 o% z1 x1 ^) \6 z& B& c 61. Boycott of social affairs0 ^! M' h" |/ E: U) u# Z
62. Student strike
5 `( ?* |* C1 P- y9 J: J6 | 63. Social disobedience' z; b% s% R- F1 R( E
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& g& M2 L$ ~9 i# s* c
0 k% x" |% ~7 G5 wWithdrawal from the Social System
% I$ L# J/ E0 i! O 65. Stay-at-home
0 w {; p) u" P7 P5 ~5 s 66. Total personal noncooperation2 d+ x/ ^, y4 E( v; c U* f0 m. H* A' V
67. “Flight” of workers1 q1 L9 R+ y6 X: @* I# b7 v! ]9 U
68. Sanctuary
& L1 f7 V! h) K# q7 I 69. Collective disappearance
7 A2 y( v, l( \8 o& T 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' c' K7 R+ S8 z, u
/ _3 ?' k0 Y- U. Y! [$ w
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% [. d$ m6 v4 q+ g5 H/ w% {3 ^" FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: V- C' r W" ~7 M- D# ] {
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: ]' P E# `" q: ^/ VActions by Consumers3 B+ `; W( Q; V& d
71. Consumers’ boycott1 l5 {' x5 D+ L: u0 l! H% Y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" N! s4 O: i1 w3 }# L
73. Policy of austerity
; E5 z3 Y0 c/ a6 w! e% s 74. Rent withholding
" T' p H8 f* `* F! U4 E 75. Refusal to rent5 b S( r* q, j; E
76. National consumers’ boycott
1 v) K8 l7 y1 I 77. International consumers’ boycott
0 a$ v' p# r6 A* s( P1 b" x% G: M% @* K
Action by Workers and Producers
L9 j+ f \9 P) p* h% ?: L2 [ 78. Workmen’s boycott
/ |; D) ^3 Z3 `, I) S/ Y& _ 79. Producers’ boycott
3 I' h( V8 x: _; {5 d5 I4 L4 F% ]: ]: I, G2 l; B' H
Action by Middlemen* @0 Z6 {% } Q3 ?; ?
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
( b7 S& E- B$ _7 L( j) y$ ~8 Y
) t; w' K) }! IAction by Owners and Management
7 u' d; W6 j `8 L# n1 R 81. Traders’ boycott
1 g$ F4 ^$ t6 J. z; V- {0 x# c" U 82. Refusal to let or sell property, v( e8 K5 X) w" A+ A
83. Lockout
7 C( ~- l5 [! } H8 V" n. T 84. Refusal of industrial assistance- P, U, }4 P6 \8 f4 O7 j# k; E
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
; q* K0 E5 B# ]2 ~5 M: T
" b4 E" J6 y9 ^+ ?Action by Holders of Financial Resources! n$ W- F6 K/ L( `5 j
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits4 M5 c i# I6 S
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% o; q+ o& w" E2 n% ?% s6 s 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: u$ N1 e3 ?" b9 }1 z 89. Severance of funds and credit
- R. w; V5 k1 V1 J 90. Revenue refusal1 f/ w2 ~( D s" D: _; t
91. Refusal of a government’s money, {# B) N2 ^4 u
' p) W0 O; ]3 A* A9 K( l+ O/ VAction by Governments
0 M, j( c; d1 E 92. Domestic embargo
3 j/ _' o2 f( Y- r; Z! H 93. Blacklisting of traders0 ]# b( W9 Z1 o- V, X8 i
94. International sellers’ embargo
8 x/ i8 z6 ]7 @4 C 95. International buyers’ embargo
: m$ W' k& g0 n/ n$ R0 x4 b 96. International trade embargo
3 ~+ g: Y% m/ {0 v6 I. w% z: l
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8 N( Z4 k$ d }: T q, \; H7 FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
) A. E5 V5 B0 J. f% s: E H( R/ h( M0 c) n1 _# M$ X
; z3 L! ~' ?5 D; S( U% DSymbolic Strikes
5 C% L9 n9 X$ i/ a# H: f 97. Protest strike4 [8 s' |+ i- L5 s# K
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); i2 c) g/ Q7 B) @- S
5 Y; o7 t+ Q* j& L8 k, QAgricultural Strikes
i% [: r {3 r$ G# L 99. Peasant strike
1 M) Y9 [# _' \0 b; ^/ K' Z, C 100. Farm Workers’ strike: i5 Y2 \- S* D6 r
D* U5 C5 V% E/ UStrikes by Special Groups
& G: p4 t* J, E8 d E& O- o 101. Refusal of impressed labor
2 m0 [. T+ Y' W# W 102. Prisoners’ strike# R) \6 k5 ^- G( ] \# t7 C) W- j8 N
103. Craft strike1 C# R: t" S* L9 M1 R: p0 C
104. Professional strike
' }/ @. X4 ~7 ^3 `' G' n8 s1 R, [# {0 _$ E
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
3 X9 o% b* A! ~& Z$ T2 A 105. Establishment strike# M% g. _ ^/ ~0 I# B' E
106. Industry strike' f# _9 f- {' h7 P$ w' I
107. Sympathetic strike
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Restricted Strikes
V+ V( `" J& U0 ?0 e2 h 108. Detailed strike! S6 _5 _! o& V+ l+ J: e, L. ^
109. Bumper strike
5 M3 d7 i4 K1 }$ z% H( y, q 110. Slowdown strike
6 m1 o6 m1 X. f& K 111. Working-to-rule strike
" ?$ T' l; {" G4 Q) @" a6 x 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in); L8 `6 Q/ D6 j4 `' P
113. Strike by resignation) d. W; p5 E+ Z: A& M R8 v8 H% n
114. Limited strike1 q# a9 \6 P8 v a
115. Selective strike1 c0 ]/ `; r+ J- ?
2 O! \+ d9 }& Y& a# N
Multi-Industry Strikes. }# ]6 v3 q1 n$ j$ F& Q, i* A2 i
6 ~( x* t; p5 L9 H: L r4 N2 t2 G
116. Generalized strike
# Q8 z5 ?" w6 @% n7 q0 f1 y% L- z/ w. {4 t3 \1 m* b, e# r
117. General strike9 T6 ^) U- z; v% u# I
7 |3 t0 X0 j4 f0 H& k8 Q
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures, T2 P1 `% b# [$ J B1 O* z9 z' Q
3 o# n& ^: ]. A; j% y5 o# {, |
118. Hartal7 t9 d* s: p5 ?
8 r5 Y3 Q8 @0 w. q9 c" T: Z1 I5 c
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% M- u& Q7 E& ]
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8 s2 K$ _9 d" d- i
Rejection of Authority# d( A6 U9 X% p# _7 H; S
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& m. v. a6 Q% W; j7 @& j- C
121. Refusal of public support& v: Z7 n) R$ X1 W/ m% f! |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; N4 k! R6 H1 |
0 L9 x2 P+ s' O. V" l& n) MCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' ?+ Z: `* b2 \. l9 i, E 123. Boycott of legislative bodies. X: F. f. U0 v' y5 F
124. Boycott of elections) z3 ?9 s( @( d; F
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' j: y( J5 J1 E% ]6 J* r B 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- ? l$ G7 F3 ^2 F, H( s 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' }$ x6 d2 K, _; ~3 r 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 L* ^+ O+ N+ I" P5 L
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents( k/ g2 i7 j$ _6 C
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks, d x( g; l. [, B) Q
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% ~& n7 S9 K0 Q* y 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
, O; ?7 d& a5 n+ R1 t! N' \: _0 `; ? U* b) i
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, ^' z8 A ~4 x( {) P9 O: G5 y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance5 ]" }- @) L5 N r7 Y+ N* y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 _9 D d+ Q) i& N2 N
135. Popular nonobedience7 R! K0 J: C1 W8 `" L# [
136. Disguised disobedience( T! o, O# W: w0 y
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
& u* [1 U; R0 t- A* \' R- [ 138. Sitdown
, t6 f# T6 K$ t( R 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ ~9 e0 e$ J1 D$ O* y* m$ s 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! B$ {7 m, i, ^7 [! ?; t
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# w, ?* ?' a2 w# [
; `6 o3 `/ m+ }2 \2 ^$ o; @8 j6 k2 QAction by Government Personnel
3 ]6 c: e, m" o( o( i 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. }% J5 ?2 a# u# ~+ S 143. Blocking of lines of command and information8 V* T: y+ l, q2 y" t' E4 L& |- K
144. Stalling and obstruction
% H! S$ D8 f; M% O* F/ N 145. General administrative noncooperation) j5 L% u+ G8 M d& X5 N8 T
( P4 q" T7 z! I' w$ u6 m" G1 u+ ^ 146. Judicial noncooperation" C9 O' N3 @: {
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 J* I& T2 _/ z$ D7 |) Z5 G 148. Mutiny3 F& n; y: K9 E$ I, E
Domestic Governmental Action/ t+ [* w" b: V' Y1 V
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays( I3 k0 Q3 x* Z- C6 S X5 T# @' |
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
9 y5 p0 h; c& E7 V# ^
; H; s5 {: X. }, L1 `International Governmental Action* O4 t" u1 h( [1 r2 w- v6 a# R
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% L+ G* U# R! Y. o% i9 Q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! @% m0 ^& O& l: w2 h 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: H, B* Z: a9 V6 y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations( o$ l5 }2 E% N/ Z
155. Withdrawal from international organizations% u$ i5 k3 m5 J8 j- c& ^( i
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ i0 I# H4 ]* n7 L6 {* ]4 ?/ r 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- b" U6 b1 c3 e7 g1 ? p
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9 x0 M5 ^9 q( V0 i/ s- j! }$ J) rPsychological Intervention7 L+ Q4 S8 {, l0 M- [' m
158. Self-exposure to the elements4 A4 X1 E4 A$ y5 x' L
159. The fast
3 L% `5 R% i) M/ Q1 \5 [- } t$ Z a) Fast of moral pressure
1 J8 O/ l. P) `1 L9 @9 A b) Hunger strike, `1 Q( k1 f8 F. |$ T
c) Satyagrahic fast
# n# i* u, o. ]: \ 160. Reverse trial, M# b8 V7 f! q2 D5 a
161. Nonviolent harassment4 ?0 e; d/ [% }. |8 K9 p; O
6 P3 h# H! z m2 o, t0 T0 U( g( A, a
Physical Intervention
) M/ G- F1 i# K) { f) Z4 | 162. Sit-in, H- J ^5 I% \8 e
163. Stand-in
3 d% M7 G* T% c! ~/ `# m# ?- n 164. Ride-in9 I Z1 M5 y, w; Y
165. Wade-in
: v6 G+ L7 H' G5 D! t D 166. Mill-in ~" }/ P# I2 U6 {
167. Pray-in7 m/ B8 q+ A4 E
168. Nonviolent raids% z* t) \4 G% H5 i- L
169. Nonviolent air raids
# A' r9 d9 {8 s3 ~; X 170. Nonviolent invasion
7 F' t \6 T- ?. T7 u! [# B1 } 171. Nonviolent interjection
' v: ]2 i% X: O9 T# w+ d) z" q 172. Nonviolent obstruction% p. f( n$ l/ X0 U
173. Nonviolent occupation4 }# |5 J% v3 f# X, x( h1 W, V* m5 |. ~
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Social Intervention
+ R/ L1 Q3 z: G9 n 174. Establishing new social patterns
n: F* k' O6 ?. p 175. Overloading of facilities d' G. n; s' o0 K
176. Stall-in& P' O" i% d9 J+ k. k5 M+ T3 ^. M
177. Speak-in
- U/ r9 w3 }; J 178. Guerrilla theater
" J% t& ]0 ?0 x, g 179. Alternative social institutions
) j9 x6 b; q& { 180. Alternative communication system
, ^# O& \# v5 A7 I- u; E
~; J. x" [0 Q3 q1 eEconomic Intervention2 W, o. v1 Z; R% j1 V
181. Reverse strike: J# P M8 B C/ ]( B1 [* B
182. Stay-in strike
. Q2 r! K; k N: X3 Z5 N5 d# z 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' `% P- O7 L7 L4 G/ ]. S 184. Defiance of blockades
! H. C/ g0 J( M6 y! p 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
% `" e5 C5 j" N+ u$ I 186. Preclusive purchasing$ u: f2 K; s; J E a, U# O
187. Seizure of assets) b+ e" @- D, C5 c
188. Dumping: j# k' l+ i- I+ g# r/ A; g
189. Selective patronage
) k1 z* q% c4 V 190. Alternative markets
, Y' V6 {8 O+ [' z 191. Alternative transportation systems
3 A N: E, |1 Q1 y' z 192. Alternative economic institutions
9 G( [9 V" Z& I5 D$ c! S$ \) n% |8 |9 |
Political Intervention6 t( }$ \' K$ z5 j! I) C, V% j
193. Overloading of administrative systems
& @+ w& E8 }8 M7 I7 O' q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
) d/ p0 T8 P) W6 V4 i0 [$ q 195. Seeking imprisonment$ {: q, N7 k4 w
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: Z, Q9 G D8 S3 P5 o! Z 197. Work-on without collaboration
2 z+ B! Z! H* X$ Z6 Q* T2 l 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
