 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
" H* W% b& w0 ]! n! j5 K5 ?6 MFormal Statements% {3 M$ L! ?- x8 b, ]2 A( Y' y7 W. O% C# }
1. Public Speeches
# N" D. ?! M7 @8 V1 ~- e 2. Letters of opposition or support
( M- A5 Z8 O6 r6 i0 \& C 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
7 G# |$ \7 R1 `8 g+ ], |! t 4. Signed public statements4 Y8 m- q' G$ t6 e3 H- U
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 ~0 ~+ g! s5 w2 D) S) K: I 6. Group or mass petitions
4 J# k1 e% {$ d
, P( C% x; [% N+ D- _, S LCommunications with a Wider Audience2 z* n; G0 l7 ^
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" E' N0 x/ B& F7 L. C. z x& v 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications a% ~, c5 e# L o4 f' ` J% J1 @
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
. c' r! F8 f5 Y6 o% P, U 10. Newspapers and journals
% W) a$ I6 A( q1 r! G3 Z' a! G& b w 11. Records, radio, and television
S3 U3 U# U* t- X( U3 Z/ o) W 12. Skywriting and earthwriting; H! I* i% R9 I2 u5 V5 B5 S9 ?
; W5 a# R: _& U9 XGroup Representations
4 p8 M2 h$ `( f% m" d 13. Deputations2 [2 i! Y0 }& x* `1 d! P( r9 i
14. Mock awards
& g0 x, Z7 q. A" l3 e- Z 15. Group lobbying
7 o( k" S1 d7 Q. Y 16. Picketing
3 b; W% ?" M& k9 O) x. P 17. Mock elections# v$ t& Z5 X0 n* \3 t! A/ s
1 S) J5 n. g6 {0 y! n- M, {# i- Z" fSymbolic Public Acts
3 L. o: k" a# T; K 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ [, f2 O. Q# E9 N1 v/ |! J1 g% s
19. Wearing of symbols7 v; g; Z/ k4 K6 N( Z, n) g9 j
20. Prayer and worship
( K( v3 Z1 L+ |" f) v2 o0 ] 21. Delivering symbolic objects
! t8 s' P! K5 F0 F9 U$ c/ ^: x. Z 22. Protest disrobings- M! W- P& x7 }( R% l. i) t" O9 J
23. Destruction of own property
+ P8 i: V! L1 u% k 24. Symbolic lights$ i+ b+ W+ v7 t$ r
25. Displays of portraits/ f+ A, p( Y. ~$ z# g' J& V0 U
26. Paint as protest- D9 Z% p1 r% ~ M$ Z5 p/ Z( ^# {4 q
27. New signs and names
8 Y2 E# ]" A) j/ w# A 28. Symbolic sounds) U7 {$ D; [" N+ ^5 P5 z, S1 f
29. Symbolic reclamations
- e+ Y |' z/ x# g2 x2 J3 d 30. Rude gestures
V3 u {' k) O( V% q! h+ L* Q2 \* d
Pressures on Individuals$ n) S5 Q8 K5 b5 L& \2 y
31. “Haunting” officials9 `3 ^1 |3 D. N2 }4 T
32. Taunting officials
: q O2 a7 h# F: y 33. Fraternization: j: q$ B7 P% y4 ~0 V9 H
34. Vigils
% U4 v/ i1 l/ `( Q+ l
+ y8 f/ b) q! }2 I! Y& R7 GDrama and Music
3 N1 P. y! _9 O: R! ?8 x 35. Humorous skits and pranks3 u- @: q) c/ Y" J0 @1 @5 ]
36. Performances of plays and music+ I' f3 {) g, G \. u
37. Singing5 p% A2 ]: O: Z
2 g: v+ g0 @3 H f- g/ }% z% hProcessions
n. D- V6 ]1 G' S2 J5 ]9 N* r 38. Marches
( _3 J3 F& |. y. a 39. Parades
p+ a. \, d8 ? H6 w( H 40. Religious processions" _9 n- ]- Y8 f2 D5 C
41. Pilgrimages
; [+ C4 q" y; S) G! c% H 42. Motorcades p& p- S, D% @- H% j& t
: c$ R! ]! n+ u5 vHonoring the Dead
4 \: k# c7 P. A% c) V 43. Political mourning( r2 `0 u8 P1 h
44. Mock funerals
c& V/ h' Q1 l7 E( w 45. Demonstrative funerals
( ~; @7 `2 E' I* j! b 46. Homage at burial places. c4 e9 l% \: `* }
: n) Q' v3 q3 @- VPublic Assemblies
6 h: Z* T+ T, o- l; G+ W: M 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ N1 _- t ~4 n% [
48. Protest meetings
/ B7 H# w3 j6 h: j 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
- u6 I" }' Y7 p3 d3 _4 U 50. Teach-ins
( i J+ k$ c3 X" E, A) J
1 D5 J1 ~0 U# _+ r- k8 FWithdrawal and Renunciation6 K3 k/ f% l; M6 V4 P
51. Walk-outs! g' C% I; ^! L; v' J3 x
52. Silence
& g6 o" g' E7 m1 D 53. Renouncing honors
6 |5 n5 @0 W4 W 54. Turning one’s back2 f, o! s x, J# S' V9 }
3 x; |# `7 X5 W- H/ M9 \4 g
! C* o- g8 ]3 Q$ _8 P
" a0 B9 v/ h$ I U# m0 T
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION* p4 R! A& @4 z$ Q, A o
4 v& q) Y, P3 X* o9 _% f& z
; S/ z7 p9 v; W! H c2 V/ L& T
7 _; _' y) Q8 K: {) _2 {Ostracism of Persons. I* f0 E3 f1 p6 z( i
55. Social boycott
) ^9 D" b. ^( a 56. Selective social boycott
2 Q E" i# v8 m& Z) L 57. Lysistratic nonaction
" Y( @1 \/ i* L' ]7 m5 L9 v 58. Excommunication f+ _3 ~! m; K3 s; ]
59. Interdict
2 i5 I$ g' c7 C% R. C
, }2 w: C" o7 t1 O* a) zNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions& M1 T# m8 I: X2 ^! F, y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) i2 Y6 F9 A/ G9 {3 ?; V3 ? 61. Boycott of social affairs# c) z7 Y4 | T! H) m. q6 c0 A
62. Student strike1 ]& t3 l. \$ E
63. Social disobedience
5 ~ G0 {3 `2 H8 Z3 z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions& s' X' n2 j) {9 a$ s/ j
. t f! K$ s2 [2 t. o5 SWithdrawal from the Social System
, y' D; d% v3 d7 V4 w 65. Stay-at-home/ S4 i+ d4 f9 n" W A; D# p
66. Total personal noncooperation- ^4 j4 q" b! [5 d& `0 y4 c" t
67. “Flight” of workers: h" N# I1 P8 a+ W8 {# l: b2 p8 S
68. Sanctuary
( O) F" e2 h& c; g/ X" m+ D 69. Collective disappearance/ y9 S' W8 P L
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# V, S3 G! @8 g6 u! K8 w6 N3 I
/ V+ p1 y0 s+ T* o3 |& k. w( \ A
) s& N$ M' ?! a0 R) _) m- a
& O& r) I# h" a. {8 e) ~
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
S' `7 a' c- d# b& r# J5 C0 s+ Q1 J+ S
2 M: h: `1 B# wActions by Consumers7 E" Q. X4 y b: ^ O
71. Consumers’ boycott9 k p5 z9 \1 W) h5 d
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. X" W5 `; n/ \* k; K' j+ x6 ?! }. O
73. Policy of austerity2 P/ r- \/ ]& w- K! K( E: O
74. Rent withholding
6 t+ O, K8 v* Z6 W& v+ m 75. Refusal to rent! M0 B# b) P' x: j" q, d7 f# J$ i
76. National consumers’ boycott% V+ H% v7 {8 ^" D1 O. n# z4 {
77. International consumers’ boycott
7 q" B( N2 B) l% p' t% H
6 t$ L# K* D2 {! bAction by Workers and Producers
- ^. T' f% @" H; }" R+ U, q 78. Workmen’s boycott
% d* |+ p. Z y6 H4 V4 X 79. Producers’ boycott
1 \1 z' ?" T U& _2 q# G3 x& A" V- ]5 n6 l- V8 {
Action by Middlemen
]2 h* F% Z0 J& L 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. q, f8 g1 Z( F8 ~' |! n- u8 W1 ]( M" Z0 K) l
Action by Owners and Management/ t/ z2 g/ I: a! A0 s
81. Traders’ boycott! C" e. Z- |5 K. B: f3 n- d) T# P
82. Refusal to let or sell property
g n; B& ~; {$ m% A! K 83. Lockout5 q% `4 P3 J v5 t; k
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ O. y, q1 R E, o 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
, L7 b T! i3 b4 a( n; J4 ]* s9 W$ N
Action by Holders of Financial Resources0 u" {$ d( `# O" ~; Z
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits W. B( }. C5 I: t8 q
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 z& l, p3 U" ~! s# S* _5 \
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest( P$ Q6 `+ }7 N8 U4 t- t T
89. Severance of funds and credit# D( v, v4 Z C0 p7 B1 K
90. Revenue refusal
. q l. f8 r, {8 V) S/ |3 T 91. Refusal of a government’s money6 r) _: ~9 n+ v& ?% V; |8 H
& Y6 W2 w0 n8 d" w6 T! E' o* nAction by Governments
& h/ t% h( r9 ~$ h0 F& B 92. Domestic embargo
+ C" R/ E8 z- B2 s* j- r 93. Blacklisting of traders
# u. Z& a+ a/ o* R* d& O 94. International sellers’ embargo) k4 K8 |3 B! }' J7 c3 z( p
95. International buyers’ embargo
( L3 }( `, H2 `: i- r" T9 w, c% ]: t 96. International trade embargo4 k9 W5 G& N7 z4 X5 y' Y! \& A
! I' F# `& d; B" r6 V4 o( C
6 V* P6 H" Z8 ~
9 ~4 q0 b' g7 r0 ?& ]% F. {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE7 c3 @. W! \' \% @$ Q2 o; {
! O q+ y1 Q: Z# x, B7 W
+ [4 ~0 U, R8 \; E( B" b
Symbolic Strikes
( I4 {+ h0 G/ N7 z4 m 97. Protest strike0 A( s7 V/ s" \% E+ x: [* L) N
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 K) _& C& J0 x2 Y
' R9 f' h$ a% UAgricultural Strikes ~! L' Y5 h& q' X& L5 n* ?. k1 T
99. Peasant strike& f# P4 V5 n' f4 N! E* l9 o
100. Farm Workers’ strike
, q. L0 m7 o4 \ H- m: ~& v( X) \0 S& z, q" p) ^9 U
Strikes by Special Groups
( z% i* F) `) _* C. x 101. Refusal of impressed labor
' N7 q. H$ S* X& {7 v# t6 j+ J 102. Prisoners’ strike
" f2 ^' `! i9 ^! M' Q 103. Craft strike
, \% Q* E0 L+ k' y2 C 104. Professional strike: s/ v6 Q4 ?4 j z
- c, u$ d" h- F" r6 t/ |) k/ F
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
3 k( N' h- b: o1 ~! ~ 105. Establishment strike! t: K7 c4 ~) h, e8 X$ Z1 Y6 L
106. Industry strike
2 ^$ M( ]. y- l2 w! M* E. m7 U 107. Sympathetic strike; J u5 S" X! }" T/ @' b: o3 \4 \
& {$ d: `* [5 G% o8 c; J1 i" ?
Restricted Strikes
' k4 [" }" T% |, I% T 108. Detailed strike
4 N0 e( C1 @, c$ U 109. Bumper strike
" l/ O; V6 V& q" Z! h5 |; W 110. Slowdown strike2 d! x6 j$ f( o( i! M+ X0 L- s7 O
111. Working-to-rule strike
7 y! N2 V3 N9 W+ u- [/ z0 m+ ? 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& K1 u! ~/ H9 ]" a. w9 g" o 113. Strike by resignation* V) ~8 `8 ]2 ?8 ~8 [9 q. i
114. Limited strike, H/ f4 O0 n* B4 I
115. Selective strike
5 A0 Z1 Z% F' T7 l$ T5 e2 N0 |
% k8 s0 P: r6 o+ ?, pMulti-Industry Strikes
" C# y- H0 M3 m8 r
2 j2 j$ W5 l1 L8 D/ b4 K 116. Generalized strike
2 Q F; L& F5 r; t* ^; Q2 o) E' B8 T, l2 p3 U+ s& W
117. General strike7 |1 [* n- }: ^# b0 ^ ~! T: u
1 U5 u% @5 R! Z; U& j2 [Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
2 f7 h9 {1 Q2 l$ a: s
# h# @$ I( ^8 c: y* l7 b 118. Hartal
# d5 E$ z1 {; d( Z( p* B5 [% ?7 J$ F/ W8 {
119. Economic shutdown
6 @, \& `1 y+ _4 ]* [- q& a& L* Z3 x z, U& o; n3 c) D8 F
8 {. s: }7 s6 M" b- @
2 r( r g* r6 M! w8 ]; RTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" Z, E; j( w; Z0 s) K% R, [
]: ?5 M9 |/ n! K3 O
$ U) m/ k. s& X" {7 Q7 I, e2 H
Rejection of Authority
/ }# p& E% D' [ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
) d5 v# o. g4 b: [ @. I 121. Refusal of public support+ I" N, g8 _7 h
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
& D/ N2 S5 v! [2 l
* t# X! ]# s& \6 n- yCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. x ~( e S6 R/ H2 `' a 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 \) J4 N- ^- ` 124. Boycott of elections/ Q1 l2 L o! a* M+ \ k( z
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) H7 m3 z$ _" o2 f; ^ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' p7 U Q; t2 ]7 o" M9 z0 d
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 O% E) [( R n# x$ r
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations2 c3 j7 H% z' A* R, N. e5 ~
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents3 f5 v0 C y$ {4 y# f1 g8 c0 o
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 e$ z% C! z i$ L
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" r7 @) K; o8 G; X
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 C. f5 u! Q, |; Z4 _, c
( U9 A9 N4 B; \% c: UCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
4 B) x% D% E7 Y! W' Y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( \6 Y8 P, z, t. A3 L* j/ P 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision3 i0 r: T! K5 t
135. Popular nonobedience9 H. I: x5 x1 k- q, {
136. Disguised disobedience/ m' w0 Z( w. M* Z9 b2 p
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
- s* J# j( W! M0 \* h9 ? 138. Sitdown
: {; Z9 s; F! M. d; \ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) H: j$ j" p7 }% V* [3 J% z: \
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ f2 m6 z/ t' P% O 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; X/ j0 y* f3 j4 k/ x6 N0 n
8 V' f. `; o. o) b1 K/ ~7 [Action by Government Personnel$ b+ s' Z7 l, A
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides% ?5 y0 E, L3 I! n
143. Blocking of lines of command and information# ~( o5 F# s/ \3 w, H) g! n3 V+ \) D
144. Stalling and obstruction4 Z, H1 n4 m) x- l
145. General administrative noncooperation+ U/ w# ~6 T' I/ U
. P" L1 b4 u. \4 r! Y4 P
146. Judicial noncooperation `/ L' Y1 P0 }& Q3 H1 }4 U
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 b8 ~: b* |3 u. f* J( J; A 148. Mutiny
$ z% z- U# V# k4 fDomestic Governmental Action) c( }1 u6 @0 a* x
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( F+ \. U9 W& ?+ Q 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 w, K6 K9 [0 q2 _1 p
0 e, E# `: y8 r/ I+ w9 @, sInternational Governmental Action' x0 b. S& P7 R3 n( r9 A
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ n, }7 Y# Y2 T" A2 y4 m, l' j8 H
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
2 y# V; X% E, }; u 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
% T6 }# }$ S7 A6 N6 x 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
9 b, h, ~6 h& o; z Y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations; |4 a, D# r, G. B. e/ K0 C
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- t, X1 s- r3 n& \+ z6 W2 \/ G 157. Expulsion from international organizations# t) o2 ` g5 I! [- t8 d2 }+ h8 |+ k
. L- O. { c0 h& l$ p1 A
% H3 [6 c1 _: D
7 c7 i- q% ]3 r& m M0 P7 y: oTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
- v+ B* h& y( J8 h
# V" E, _* _3 o# a 9 E* w9 g' n5 e
Psychological Intervention: y4 X2 L, O1 i K5 y
158. Self-exposure to the elements8 O* C2 r/ R3 p& e, H
159. The fast5 c% n% S6 K4 P1 C! f/ H
a) Fast of moral pressure
! w! j8 C# y; C+ y7 P5 F b) Hunger strike/ _' Q" L2 C& z$ A X$ F
c) Satyagrahic fast0 ^( T" j# e; Q( D% u
160. Reverse trial
/ v( a" J; q o 161. Nonviolent harassment1 v0 n P, c# Z9 _3 E% P+ d C1 F: s2 M
. F6 ~7 S) C/ x, Z# B
Physical Intervention' @! Q) B T, Q; a" V' ]& x4 s! G
162. Sit-in
" I6 q( B7 v! a 163. Stand-in
5 t. h% t, W8 l4 e. R 164. Ride-in3 ?6 @" L1 w c2 `3 \
165. Wade-in; O u K# j; }1 z$ \( ]' g' Q
166. Mill-in
Z9 [5 h( z F9 @0 s1 {! Y# S6 ] 167. Pray-in' K$ L) j: V6 J+ u5 B
168. Nonviolent raids
" A% G# b, [/ M* U 169. Nonviolent air raids+ Y# ?8 Y' J& K3 ~% l5 V& r% ]
170. Nonviolent invasion
! D+ r I+ Y+ q. N 171. Nonviolent interjection Q% ~& k8 h7 _8 D8 U* L8 Q
172. Nonviolent obstruction
' T7 I4 ]# C/ c" c+ W6 ] 173. Nonviolent occupation
, e# t( P+ ]& y, H# c% Y! D3 ?
; l" N! `! G* t4 j j& `" u8 [Social Intervention/ _0 L* ~. a; x9 A
174. Establishing new social patterns
" m( r3 d! y+ h' h% @& @ 175. Overloading of facilities
3 o; R) g3 d5 y, ]/ D 176. Stall-in
- l x2 c7 I" U& E% v2 L+ f; c 177. Speak-in
1 u5 l3 o; u+ D0 M: n6 X 178. Guerrilla theater
y& B! |/ _, ] 179. Alternative social institutions0 z& Q" f- {7 o4 a8 G, l: ]/ t
180. Alternative communication system
8 ?8 |5 `0 q6 D# i8 ^( F0 |+ Y0 x) f
Economic Intervention6 p1 b+ J0 d X; d/ I2 }+ q
181. Reverse strike
$ R# n% g5 H' i( h 182. Stay-in strike9 N. L8 |3 P i' ^- s7 r
183. Nonviolent land seizure/ j- d+ o) L2 ]5 @; Z! h5 c
184. Defiance of blockades9 t8 Q# c% h1 G7 w- c" ]8 g# ~- E
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
' y6 U C8 _% K! m 186. Preclusive purchasing% u) c; t8 |3 G/ B! F6 l3 l2 l- ~
187. Seizure of assets
' [+ T; h. y# ^" b' r; \ 188. Dumping
4 J" [5 B1 f( W3 I 189. Selective patronage1 N# l# e' ~( `7 V$ P$ X) h: p: s2 U
190. Alternative markets
. h: O8 ^1 X. R! L 191. Alternative transportation systems p' ]5 j- F/ i5 x9 i$ A
192. Alternative economic institutions' \5 P0 v/ h9 j a8 `
; n0 ?, ?% R( w9 R
Political Intervention: s) a" g8 B- X" }- }
193. Overloading of administrative systems9 Z- T$ o9 X$ g# p3 A' v. {' z
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 e! P; ^2 e2 u( Z8 v" Z 195. Seeking imprisonment4 u8 [6 c3 ]# u
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; B: y/ s* e: i: o- V, @! W k 197. Work-on without collaboration
, s/ P2 k0 b6 _/ B2 J$ i6 Z n 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; D+ Y4 i4 @. s. ?* s* U% S0 |2 |
# Z8 e0 f1 j* q5 a3 v& n# s |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
