 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
0 R. ~3 C9 U4 }Formal Statements" m" C9 Q7 g% r' e( i4 u: H
1. Public Speeches
- p- g/ H7 C4 _% l* x 2. Letters of opposition or support' I0 x" `* W. u( k6 B6 _' I
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
4 I3 E9 l9 ]7 q2 A 4. Signed public statements- S& D5 d1 [; Y( M- M [% K
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) ^& F# [0 _. T; k U5 z" d: G! ~( w 6. Group or mass petitions
0 W' V; o9 _# Q
& ]: N, h& J5 C# JCommunications with a Wider Audience0 w0 E1 Z6 B7 P" J) U5 |
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
9 U l6 n- ^3 q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
% L! t( C9 N+ E- ]- N; k, M4 ` 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& B1 u) X/ d7 r5 ]% P
10. Newspapers and journals% l7 P& X6 u6 h
11. Records, radio, and television
4 p- Y) Y) R0 K O V/ e 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 |' G' H4 I3 f7 g* q* [4 ~
2 @6 c+ q: H% u( G- p, ZGroup Representations4 J0 e- @. a# U7 I
13. Deputations) b, U8 ^+ N; l. Y* Y
14. Mock awards" ^, D6 j& p% P6 t
15. Group lobbying
|0 G0 ~; [5 r 16. Picketing
( F' R& c' C( ]% y0 l2 G: Q( o 17. Mock elections1 N2 m3 G$ P0 l2 w% w1 A/ i& q
( A& M, o3 H7 F7 m+ M$ f" y2 USymbolic Public Acts( Z8 L- e: O1 f# i: F z9 q: H
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, ?$ z' B, I. x% t. U Z# J$ `& t, ` 19. Wearing of symbols
& I. i% s4 ?4 s! R/ T6 m2 H2 P 20. Prayer and worship, Y, ~7 |+ e( {" p
21. Delivering symbolic objects1 G- Z l& ]; ^& x
22. Protest disrobings. s/ i% d+ ^$ f# z) a9 G- H: A
23. Destruction of own property
0 w- P! o: a" i+ v1 f, F- a 24. Symbolic lights
" u' u' ^: }/ [* N9 e6 ?" n; S* h 25. Displays of portraits" y. R) R) o( S, L$ v8 e: h; |
26. Paint as protest4 T" O+ ^9 c6 n9 h
27. New signs and names U8 d ?) p' b% t0 @
28. Symbolic sounds
$ y: Y. Q/ P% O1 K( L# _, p9 x$ ` 29. Symbolic reclamations: n- B% W% B/ f8 O. \0 p; A$ _
30. Rude gestures" T$ u) M: v4 {' B: X# D
+ s) \, V- g5 {. I$ c$ `8 h; t4 D
Pressures on Individuals9 g( {) M" Q7 L' O4 L
31. “Haunting” officials
: @# _- T# Y4 F0 e' _1 m, g+ X$ z' U7 n9 e 32. Taunting officials
# H1 ]! E1 O) @ 33. Fraternization; u" N& @: u; F X: E
34. Vigils
; _- u9 N) |4 i& q# m9 W# [( U4 U1 b7 y/ ]* H2 w+ Z3 e
Drama and Music
2 h; O M0 l3 t* U: L0 ? 35. Humorous skits and pranks
* J+ i6 X0 W! \+ T; A6 ^ 36. Performances of plays and music0 x- C5 r7 q7 [: i
37. Singing. _) c9 O; K+ k1 W8 E: H3 Z+ K
. h" x" f! t8 U( D1 vProcessions# j; C" X3 ?$ Z8 A
38. Marches, O2 r5 g( J2 ~8 D% \
39. Parades6 m: p* u# Z% E1 W
40. Religious processions0 m7 @0 [. l* |: k: B* u
41. Pilgrimages1 _5 M/ I' k) p! T
42. Motorcades
8 O( J6 p j9 [* m
" Q/ d8 ~$ m1 NHonoring the Dead
! d- @* t" H8 ?. i 43. Political mourning
/ a$ q$ S% R4 t& f& ~/ w: k1 q% ` 44. Mock funerals
- n2 q/ l2 d! G3 s: Q 45. Demonstrative funerals
5 V; }0 e5 k- b/ o6 \ 46. Homage at burial places
0 L' B" r- ]9 B3 c8 _5 R5 q1 ?0 o0 \- q# M; n6 F2 X
Public Assemblies
9 [( |4 @% s E: c( O' e3 y 47. Assemblies of protest or support
- W T! O4 G) u' D9 _& v 48. Protest meetings4 [2 z: e5 L$ N, T( `" f/ Z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 R7 O% s ]7 j- T0 a) b
50. Teach-ins
$ @3 @& Q* z3 ?9 B5 A( N/ W9 {
" z# i% [% ]) r5 j" `4 ?& p) zWithdrawal and Renunciation' ^0 |3 W2 g1 D" n+ K6 H9 t: E9 C
51. Walk-outs1 ~" _8 U9 X) |( V4 u# h* p+ x. D
52. Silence' Z+ J* [' V. R" G& l
53. Renouncing honors
6 [$ G0 q* ]" S5 x7 n 54. Turning one’s back7 \' O% K8 q+ Y; j
, u6 Y& q3 s1 l2 C( `
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& Y; R$ U# y2 n. q& w& ~/ ]( WTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
5 d& [/ }* `4 C1 T' B- {5 ^4 d& |4 ?
$ W7 e0 T/ p$ Q3 {: S# b+ J
) w( b* G6 A9 ~" A% ?- j
Ostracism of Persons
0 F4 C9 a4 a7 ?5 B5 e 55. Social boycott
k v9 I5 T0 E5 w6 r+ \ 56. Selective social boycott
# w/ H7 e+ z& c/ Z 57. Lysistratic nonaction" [8 u& Y& x& e: C$ h8 [: B
58. Excommunication
3 _& T: h- x: E; y+ e" Q1 G 59. Interdict: H7 z$ M) l7 J. @1 t
" G% _0 R: Y' `/ y" F7 d9 nNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ ~. i4 g# ?+ c" F' j. i% c: d/ o
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# P1 j# F3 X1 M {% k 61. Boycott of social affairs
- f6 a4 U2 p- L% h 62. Student strike/ U' D' |2 q+ i4 e- ]& s
63. Social disobedience
8 B, {+ I7 P# H' H' @" g 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
" D7 L6 s6 ] }# G
1 P: ]/ o$ R4 S3 r d) a* PWithdrawal from the Social System* u% I: v. {$ n
65. Stay-at-home
* n! }/ {4 n4 R& Q; B- B: N% s 66. Total personal noncooperation
: b7 }2 d0 n2 t8 A0 g 67. “Flight” of workers# i2 s {$ O; P4 L3 Y
68. Sanctuary1 { G# c. n/ _" Q7 @ T( C
69. Collective disappearance
4 g% t9 ^( W/ p9 ]% M 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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1 [$ @9 Z# g. ?7 { w( y3 y6 p/ N. E
3 e. [3 O' d; U. J. L- s% A1 OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ Q; G+ [& V7 p
4 h2 f. `9 f% m5 F' {
. |' Q7 @# l$ j OActions by Consumers
# w0 @% i2 A+ o 71. Consumers’ boycott
9 l9 H$ r8 D: P! c( [ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods$ P1 X9 @+ Y# n9 ~" j. X0 i; K9 ~2 c
73. Policy of austerity
+ W$ O% m! O/ Y 74. Rent withholding
5 K5 R7 G7 G6 p# k/ _4 { 75. Refusal to rent. P' E; V) o. J( o
76. National consumers’ boycott/ j/ a+ N# t% e/ T1 C& T
77. International consumers’ boycott7 ]4 o$ w7 N2 G6 p4 `
( M+ W$ K4 w. i0 @' I
Action by Workers and Producers6 v% K, a* Z8 B: J" ~
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ o$ c: a q9 n2 L' ^' r4 n7 J 79. Producers’ boycott
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3 L" C1 B+ w6 a9 \7 iAction by Middlemen1 ]0 p5 R+ f+ y0 ~
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management; V1 a5 Q6 P( _" O. g3 T
81. Traders’ boycott
% n( X8 E' }/ E5 S; m 82. Refusal to let or sell property# F6 @8 n9 q; j* u. j) U
83. Lockout
/ ?$ d6 H: p( s6 a- n5 \$ T1 q8 r 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
8 ] z+ s* w! d& y' l 85. Merchants’ “general strike”$ ?: h. R9 c* K4 o G
& ^% X0 E4 A- ]- P7 t( x- ZAction by Holders of Financial Resources
2 O! V" Q1 J3 _2 I5 R z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ j2 m, B1 S* b5 F+ \) S: H0 l
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
/ ?- X! y' b! p. I# W; O 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
) y: N, Y8 w- z: F6 X+ B; v 89. Severance of funds and credit
" }% X P4 A" t% g* b 90. Revenue refusal0 K9 S Z2 z7 g J8 P
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments
6 `* U# o! o3 J9 z4 g+ f; u/ i 92. Domestic embargo. L9 N! G! y; N/ C- K
93. Blacklisting of traders) O6 l$ I) J" i+ Z5 e& a. F8 ~/ @
94. International sellers’ embargo5 H, D6 p; M6 \/ ~7 M7 w4 E
95. International buyers’ embargo
0 r5 X+ \- w7 k8 M. h$ F3 c/ d% v 96. International trade embargo4 A$ G& ^# j; b6 `
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: {) ?2 _! F: X2 ^4 ]) i4 L' ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
- h1 x$ m+ ?( z( N% f& q9 r; }9 K8 r' ]# r
2 G; o/ E5 O& ]
Symbolic Strikes
' @* G' \; q5 s& U7 B( X 97. Protest strike
6 y: u% ~ i: L3 V: J 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) v9 T& _5 e! K
& q+ v3 r) P" x% p# C1 J8 ]5 GAgricultural Strikes
2 g# ~. {$ I% D: a 99. Peasant strike
) S. {- [ ~/ D1 v, y 100. Farm Workers’ strike( G6 ~4 O! b* h: N P! b' M4 m7 C. H
/ }0 S! P- a7 c9 p; U5 ^
Strikes by Special Groups
1 K8 u% H! i2 j. [3 h 101. Refusal of impressed labor K* d. l0 c3 V6 ~5 ?
102. Prisoners’ strike' A' E+ Z& C6 O m; P
103. Craft strike
( v' n; Z$ r4 G1 ^) n6 L2 J/ Q3 K 104. Professional strike F/ L# ^1 V K# e/ c6 [
! c" e* I' R4 J0 b- B Q) {Ordinary Industrial Strikes
) t4 D3 H% P1 H6 c) Q 105. Establishment strike! _" }6 {) Y& f" X- s
106. Industry strike
/ {( b C& f2 ~5 m6 k! M* b 107. Sympathetic strike
5 o8 L4 P! Q3 r( x/ ?3 n2 n
8 i' X: ^! v5 JRestricted Strikes
* r5 k7 D* P- R 108. Detailed strike
_ y) k5 j4 R# ~- b! S! }* y 109. Bumper strike2 o+ H, D' s2 N) x* R
110. Slowdown strike8 @; t q7 ?0 y, Q9 h
111. Working-to-rule strike
3 @: p0 r( S; W7 D( a 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
+ M- E* s& N0 z3 [. s7 f 113. Strike by resignation
. _. [) b5 ^3 @" \ s 114. Limited strike% c% L; A" e9 g5 j* d" c3 F( \5 K" _4 Z
115. Selective strike
/ v" J4 \* i# V: I5 m; d
5 y! l* r" x7 k4 v$ R2 S5 }1 \Multi-Industry Strikes
7 e7 v* Z$ f% T {' b( Q/ {1 [# e0 n- U
116. Generalized strike
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+ o+ g7 @+ K; b6 e! k/ ~3 N 117. General strike
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; ?( t" l0 J& f. U, h, w; E" VCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
7 @1 ?) `. d- k( R; P8 w: z+ I
6 q9 o9 ^* O/ |4 n: J' @ 118. Hartal7 ^0 p2 T6 O ^+ g& k
1 q! G6 u( z" ?9 @ 119. Economic shutdown7 |1 d; A! G4 s: ?/ w& t
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H$ d, a& w2 ^" j" bTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
6 J+ f% P& U) U& X- k" s 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 y* y8 o8 g8 E# J4 z8 s8 E
121. Refusal of public support# r( a/ Z4 @9 H. z6 G, a5 M* T
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
! C i- u/ A* B; E: {* w6 T) U
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government. P/ M8 {9 Z1 \; S7 ?
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 Y4 p+ Z8 c% @6 t 124. Boycott of elections7 h z/ ?8 B# F p* m
125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 y# ~8 \2 |; p) [, j
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
" ?0 s1 D# V0 J/ a( a+ b" X& I6 q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- g0 @1 Y. R9 y1 i% d) b 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% R/ y* \( I+ {0 y5 V- R 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 d1 X" B& ^: z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks, X8 K/ L' D J
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 [# t( O* R( F6 _1 s. D3 j; S4 o
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# t9 L" R, Q& ?# ?* w: u X L- L! ~* y8 b' M2 j2 a8 V
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience. o1 ?7 _& Q% S& C9 @7 n
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
3 u5 A& V' S: b8 z 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- I! l5 r0 u- a, T2 Z5 c 135. Popular nonobedience
: }1 g: Y+ m5 ^/ M( I4 K 136. Disguised disobedience& S. O7 d$ u6 B1 ?
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ ?# S5 u; z5 a2 K& e2 k* Q
138. Sitdown
0 x T/ e. x+ q I" e3 | 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
1 A4 g' ]0 Z7 K* z+ @8 _$ ^ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
5 V4 ?/ F4 K9 w, ]% ` 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
- R" x8 d Q/ I# B* N$ o9 _9 z- ?9 @, k- J- o# h
Action by Government Personnel7 u6 }9 l6 p2 b8 g0 V
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ _0 I5 m0 B* s K
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
9 V' T- g0 C# N 144. Stalling and obstruction+ k2 M/ \$ A5 Y- q" l4 W
145. General administrative noncooperation8 `& U$ ^# B- Z L- [8 x
% z( ]& ]) f. O( ~( }9 f: g 146. Judicial noncooperation
* f+ U6 Y, w1 L! D( ] 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents* X, W- p2 H6 a
148. Mutiny
r3 ~+ I ?% l& P/ B; vDomestic Governmental Action* r8 b7 W7 ]; S9 _# _
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* z- v$ t7 l: C
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 W( ~* s" d4 X5 ~- _4 m5 y
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International Governmental Action
$ I8 ~: h5 D, [8 b 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: Y1 S, p5 E- E5 L E
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
7 }6 @% M; d# i1 D1 t2 l 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 p( t" j. v: H; d j: l5 \
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
# |2 V0 I6 L, w" m 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, q, y+ k8 p! {4 k4 W+ V) c( ?+ z- l 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- [2 Y: J# _6 N R 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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1 O, |3 Q' W$ N6 cTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
- t. T8 Q8 T! L1 y 158. Self-exposure to the elements( t5 z. j/ s! Y# {6 s6 @. v
159. The fast
5 m5 ]5 w9 H' j3 k' C; s a) Fast of moral pressure
1 V# i4 \& h5 b. q( c b) Hunger strike- R7 Q. J/ t3 s
c) Satyagrahic fast+ q. E7 w, m ~9 ^) F! \' k& N
160. Reverse trial
& y1 u8 z# ?; i ~ 161. Nonviolent harassment1 u2 t9 f$ C) u6 B/ E# Q
2 ?4 a! L* X1 F+ C1 C2 W* }! CPhysical Intervention
# A2 z( y% C0 Q5 { 162. Sit-in2 p( w7 j+ N' \8 G; p5 C! g9 \
163. Stand-in
# r, G* w4 k1 F' |+ ^) y, H 164. Ride-in: _6 p4 z$ ~" z7 T
165. Wade-in
6 v' v; c! m$ v4 m0 t( A' V+ Y) Y 166. Mill-in
' G' Y: C, d ? 167. Pray-in5 p2 |7 j8 d" I! u/ T
168. Nonviolent raids9 O/ ~ p$ V9 I
169. Nonviolent air raids- a9 C1 R4 K, \4 m
170. Nonviolent invasion
) q8 P0 M9 l4 H. c0 y* L 171. Nonviolent interjection% W/ g1 \1 V8 U$ p& l0 {% ]3 }
172. Nonviolent obstruction. `4 k; |0 |6 Y2 I1 U. |7 O- Y
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention; [5 L4 e7 g3 L% E }( K$ u
174. Establishing new social patterns
6 E: b# c6 {% r2 ]: |7 T; _: T 175. Overloading of facilities7 m: K* [$ Z2 F5 @/ H
176. Stall-in& @4 l0 K8 r! f4 T3 O2 C: M
177. Speak-in
+ ?0 y) Q* t/ I 178. Guerrilla theater
- i# I8 f# E v9 q8 C+ q7 s 179. Alternative social institutions2 ?9 |: q' D5 p
180. Alternative communication system
! @' D" x& V% J# a% J! D" t* g$ M2 q/ g/ T2 f7 l8 k
Economic Intervention
) {8 `: ~4 x- x& s' E t 181. Reverse strike
0 X+ q1 A' t, J, p% C; O 182. Stay-in strike& ?! t4 a/ C- |8 Y* s
183. Nonviolent land seizure9 b; @( b/ `5 T# j- _" M* i
184. Defiance of blockades
; n# V4 S% e m. j8 m 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
1 u u8 m- c3 K 186. Preclusive purchasing" i1 \4 k4 C" \! ?$ i B
187. Seizure of assets7 D1 U4 `$ N' N: y" W0 M! Q
188. Dumping
' n% N0 ^1 U2 L+ u8 N& e, H9 K 189. Selective patronage
- `3 |8 O4 h( e" s: U, w. G 190. Alternative markets
0 U3 i+ d0 O$ P, G8 U" G/ Q+ H 191. Alternative transportation systems
9 n: w* k. }" q* j' s% m 192. Alternative economic institutions
, ?, t% N1 ~& W% }- |/ d, h% m6 T1 Z4 v' \3 i/ x1 w$ N
Political Intervention8 _: i) G( \3 x. J9 E
193. Overloading of administrative systems! P" l; W, z9 K
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
& ]' \( @4 l6 @1 U, y6 } 195. Seeking imprisonment, d; S% N) @ o r
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ B U, V, W5 |7 C
197. Work-on without collaboration; a; j" @2 g2 q% q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
