 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 W: z1 i! E2 x9 w1 @# X! @
Formal Statements
/ h/ u4 n' P% B" h. \' P 1. Public Speeches
" T+ V5 C7 i9 Z 2. Letters of opposition or support
3 F' Q$ ]- e+ R: Q' x 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
1 ]+ v1 j. O/ f4 \ 4. Signed public statements) K7 x9 p: C4 y) S" S. i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% V7 B2 E/ R5 G' } 6. Group or mass petitions" Q4 M- a; F) Y- I; g# w3 }
& }$ R) @/ Z$ |
Communications with a Wider Audience: L. B1 _) R$ t( J" s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
6 e* V8 z D5 v0 j 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 y0 r: i0 B! s( Z" O# y- @8 u 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
5 u5 z, o8 v6 y+ ?) F m# I+ J2 z4 r 10. Newspapers and journals( K' j; r! X0 `5 x9 {
11. Records, radio, and television9 N0 e; D/ Y: T+ y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
8 L/ d. u- H+ a/ D. L5 N$ E; ]8 b% _" Y7 u1 G; U0 e J
Group Representations
7 V& Z/ A. I+ s2 ?# r 13. Deputations- }% e% a2 p) h0 h6 F0 w
14. Mock awards9 u7 a5 Z" [ b$ s8 Y4 [
15. Group lobbying
% P: N% |3 H: W0 I: a9 X4 x 16. Picketing3 w2 d4 s% N1 e2 I" y: i, D- ?4 S
17. Mock elections- ^) N. f2 @0 s3 G8 D' o0 N: l# u
! u* ]- K0 c, c8 n; T5 o: m7 e
Symbolic Public Acts( n# ]1 h+ Q) `7 D
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( m- z- U/ n: ^
19. Wearing of symbols2 y/ m1 |+ o2 L. x( [
20. Prayer and worship
/ B/ ^( Y" F7 T9 I6 b 21. Delivering symbolic objects; z/ l* S7 Y/ T- ~
22. Protest disrobings
) H' y: R: D0 ` 23. Destruction of own property7 T4 H+ H) y8 @' `" \
24. Symbolic lights: ]" b) e3 N% N* _ I% V( g$ c) C
25. Displays of portraits
( A4 u+ w1 m u 26. Paint as protest
1 q! Q! A+ A# Z4 d: ^/ J3 c 27. New signs and names9 R3 Y8 T0 K( o- U
28. Symbolic sounds
f S; g' W$ [/ g9 |0 ~ 29. Symbolic reclamations" c8 g% z* |5 z8 S
30. Rude gestures( o N% K; `, w
/ x4 W5 P- h2 ^4 H; I3 A! E
Pressures on Individuals2 X2 c% u/ l, `( F
31. “Haunting” officials
7 N7 @: X7 Y# r' T$ `0 Q 32. Taunting officials
( g& C8 O4 V/ B/ }: a/ y 33. Fraternization: _; _( \, g. v* H2 _
34. Vigils
( w( D$ D% K; N1 I: y
. H" @8 t# j1 k1 nDrama and Music' r8 w$ q4 ^# N+ T! y
35. Humorous skits and pranks0 i$ o# k. _2 K* r$ ]; }5 ^& [6 P
36. Performances of plays and music
. ?. F0 i- p( D% Y; x 37. Singing
3 N- M* o L. ?5 Z4 q) Z# w1 K5 l3 q4 L! R( o3 a5 t( ]
Processions
( {' {0 P/ }0 y* @1 j 38. Marches6 {, B$ D: w" q$ E0 }/ G% D
39. Parades
/ u5 n4 x6 `! W 40. Religious processions: @' W9 z9 d5 R+ \( K6 P
41. Pilgrimages
# I# q1 Q/ f6 W, A5 C- I 42. Motorcades
$ W* P# j, P7 `. w+ u
. R- r# {% m& _6 P7 LHonoring the Dead
# K' R- x7 T2 o. g, h! z 43. Political mourning0 b; y8 [. z- o' J0 }: Z2 q
44. Mock funerals
5 Q$ F0 e/ R; c3 T. I8 F9 F- z 45. Demonstrative funerals
' T. n' E$ ]/ q. L. K( W* Z 46. Homage at burial places, V( P6 F9 @9 V! Y3 K( v
3 ^ k3 O4 r" x( S- [Public Assemblies
; W; }$ O |' q$ G 47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 C" a$ B. {% L2 R* C: V 48. Protest meetings2 S3 d1 z' Z& ]2 }' Y8 ~
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" p& e0 G* Z2 T" Y 50. Teach-ins
( q; H0 r' b& u( s1 y# i8 a( p4 ]2 x4 U
Withdrawal and Renunciation0 R$ j1 f2 H4 e# ~4 ?1 a
51. Walk-outs( D; q% F; T6 o8 d
52. Silence0 X) S+ e: a5 h2 B3 r
53. Renouncing honors
2 k; j; G3 ~9 d* @( M 54. Turning one’s back
/ w& [ V$ S9 i& a- f) F1 @# p
: _5 c0 ^8 z p; j
% c. S/ N2 j2 N( K
+ Y- s: `! w' Z0 l3 W( zTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
9 W* \8 B0 g. n2 Z: M) n/ q- z9 j* |; E7 i" X d9 l1 w1 J; |$ m& X- `
0 w6 G: A1 X$ V4 C3 |8 t4 B$ ~! M
3 l6 h8 |5 z) [. ~Ostracism of Persons' b% G; O& k% {) F9 N
55. Social boycott
! b% W% j: r4 W/ q 56. Selective social boycott* d. |( g' n* a; z ~1 I
57. Lysistratic nonaction; a$ Q8 N. [! u' h2 |4 G
58. Excommunication
6 C; N4 u# u; Y" q7 C+ N4 {: M 59. Interdict
1 b& c0 c; ~) Q+ M* `9 ~: F
- m$ f8 w* g2 XNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions, {. |% ~. n& S/ E5 H
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 \" f% G) M1 G- X: Q% s# E; Q, ^ 61. Boycott of social affairs
0 U$ N" S8 {* E) l. a J# s# C 62. Student strike
6 q z7 `& u7 K 63. Social disobedience& ]# A/ J# f' w1 |1 ^! G) K
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& r7 u9 J; Z( i$ n. r
2 Q0 k) B1 W) W! ~Withdrawal from the Social System* K& l0 G5 ^8 b9 y$ g
65. Stay-at-home
: R8 W9 r, d& ^) { 66. Total personal noncooperation: g9 E5 ]# n6 V$ a D; J
67. “Flight” of workers/ d8 i/ [4 T. B* n6 F0 X8 s8 J
68. Sanctuary
* E2 X+ w% l# E3 F' V6 D4 v 69. Collective disappearance
2 ^: d' m" ]& N4 l7 v9 c, P/ N 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 V" x7 f' v" h* _' z: G; P* y
/ A# A0 H" j' E& X! X
* D: s* s/ Q$ S0 U
' l% w# I6 _3 `- y$ |" v/ ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
3 U9 l' U6 S9 j2 u) Y) h: n' `5 g. C8 ^% L( [
! g! ~, ~* H7 x; n9 a7 AActions by Consumers
: w, p9 C6 b' s/ w% \+ d- t; H 71. Consumers’ boycott
9 s" C7 [& p* _# L: B 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) Q0 B3 l" u1 b9 b8 h 73. Policy of austerity- G& L' j6 U$ M8 `, |2 V, m$ ?
74. Rent withholding
! U7 d. j- u' |; B 75. Refusal to rent7 ?+ m% Y. A) Y8 H
76. National consumers’ boycott7 U! b$ r: C6 O) x9 }$ c
77. International consumers’ boycott
# v' c2 Q7 }5 e8 v9 s2 `, G
. B/ I" f" q$ XAction by Workers and Producers( |3 Z5 ~: ~9 M! _1 k& F
78. Workmen’s boycott# l1 E* H5 I1 h4 C
79. Producers’ boycott
( R l* p) Y+ ^. L! ^. ~( C" }0 M. R
Action by Middlemen5 L% J* z# X* W" Q
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ [7 Z9 b) E% k- A, H5 v
8 Z& \5 g! x# G) `! ` mAction by Owners and Management
: Y. {4 q; `( W8 G4 Q# O 81. Traders’ boycott
& ^8 L, s- b( t9 h. S' l 82. Refusal to let or sell property
# x: W; G+ ~& s# _; O 83. Lockout5 X+ c$ l6 {- ~' E6 y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance* x, z6 n" O% l" \
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ G$ r Y0 r6 S# k
; w7 l8 u7 a/ M" a RAction by Holders of Financial Resources6 V, X+ B- Q- @0 P+ ]7 l: G9 o
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ Z; }% y, |+ e- L5 W! V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" v* ~1 Y. `- U! L# E$ M 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 p" w0 \+ B( G5 Q) @$ [
89. Severance of funds and credit8 K9 f, \0 ]' j
90. Revenue refusal1 l: y. E: g7 t2 P5 M0 |% X
91. Refusal of a government’s money
/ k8 ~/ \- g( Q0 v4 N% Q) v) M! p( e& } a
Action by Governments
$ \8 T" G/ p3 d2 A( n% V/ r 92. Domestic embargo
2 f# w4 I8 V7 A# Q" h% j/ T) _ 93. Blacklisting of traders
9 {! }& X, g* d+ T# m. k- z, L 94. International sellers’ embargo
% M) F7 d) u. {8 E9 r7 _5 c: F 95. International buyers’ embargo/ p* R0 F6 T" V. L/ w
96. International trade embargo; d: V J `; R0 U# `# A
9 f7 p N0 w; V7 k) ^5 Y2 D0 ~! O6 V
8 ~/ M) x9 O6 @4 |! x7 G" \5 {
! ]2 q" W- w g7 F1 _
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
$ g' D7 |( p; w0 C. q! k: x9 P+ t0 D- Q
$ `% k2 C* o* o
Symbolic Strikes! f" f" Z Y8 K- R4 U0 R% F
97. Protest strike
. E h- k$ I. O, Y8 }& i+ b; w 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) {9 K$ _6 V4 G' ], Y8 K5 M
: Q1 `9 C( e/ b1 U" k6 W `
Agricultural Strikes$ C4 R7 G8 n3 Z- V L" b* W
99. Peasant strike
1 ]; { U/ N5 b W# p( Q 100. Farm Workers’ strike
: X" ^) S1 _7 N) Q
4 m5 \$ P- v K* i8 }0 vStrikes by Special Groups, T6 t5 y0 P) H6 l. x1 I
101. Refusal of impressed labor) Z3 D# D3 [' \% m( A% i
102. Prisoners’ strike
1 `0 O/ w0 A( ~: H3 s0 C/ { 103. Craft strike
- u: P. ~0 `, }% o0 @- M3 R 104. Professional strike
|' A8 L5 B" Z) g6 ]0 k/ ^
0 B; ^( q9 r% i9 mOrdinary Industrial Strikes
, c @5 S; \$ c; w' E; E. ]4 ^ 105. Establishment strike
" S8 `( v; n" L: R3 }. s( q/ k 106. Industry strike) u7 g8 N* A% r/ Z) Z
107. Sympathetic strike: @& A. p1 D* n' S% y& @( v% X
. K0 S6 j$ g. Z& |5 ~Restricted Strikes
( A& B8 \9 n5 `! C 108. Detailed strike
3 m; T. X a9 L) W; { _ 109. Bumper strike
0 d, P, a D- C- s 110. Slowdown strike
0 _" r! d% ^" B$ D9 y 111. Working-to-rule strike: |! u4 } G3 ?
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" P/ s1 V0 v; v! c1 i2 P/ e0 K: A 113. Strike by resignation
+ ~+ W7 }3 q) Q% U8 V { 114. Limited strike0 H8 [! {1 W6 y5 C3 l x
115. Selective strike8 F; f3 A: i2 t9 N" _( T2 F* a
9 V( ]& ~/ G: B4 t7 D/ a9 i
Multi-Industry Strikes
1 I; J. b7 A6 A2 T7 N$ m
L5 I/ N H& u5 i9 I1 d2 S 116. Generalized strike
$ T+ q: n2 `% M% y/ P6 g
3 i( g. @0 [) Z" k | F! r2 Q 117. General strike$ x6 C7 ` Q" r: z5 q( T
3 l* w& ]6 a- a3 {
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures) u& M1 E5 ~' g
5 V; u- q( a( i! F- b+ N& h
118. Hartal
9 ~6 a: A d! H$ k1 F5 D" d) P. ~$ p" t' E2 ^
119. Economic shutdown/ Z$ y+ ?7 B1 ]0 C z- X! `& j
' q M" r; k$ K6 v
% d3 h2 q' F+ B% s) d) p- b: s
. j0 b+ y" A- |; sTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
* M2 ^" W& O0 z( Z! L
. K/ ^ i0 e% a7 v
# i: [& k' b$ M1 }# u/ GRejection of Authority- V: S. V# \! n4 p# G9 a
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; n1 |* ?+ P& n7 ~/ G$ N 121. Refusal of public support
2 Q0 l; l; F4 B! b7 W# q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! v4 `) h) r4 l Z& F! I
( Y: i; ]" v. |- _Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government; e/ p% l4 ^ w6 U
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ p7 i; b( ~" i s# Q( G
124. Boycott of elections
! m9 @. f6 W4 j# J2 \3 X( @1 L 125. Boycott of government employment and positions( ^0 X1 J9 O$ ~
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
* h9 `4 J9 U0 y+ f& E 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& Y7 g' ?. S X# ?) M5 O 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations2 E I' I& X+ r1 X: ^) U7 J
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents6 \' x8 Z! I/ C4 q7 ~6 K; Y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# X4 a; e1 V5 L# U$ n- R+ i 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials0 m6 l4 { Z; ^$ S( e
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: {( N6 H. @! h# l0 I; @
% }! _) V- B" B* S: Q H
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience* }! ^$ } W U9 Y0 D. l* I0 G
133. Reluctant and slow compliance" f; F) v$ H) E0 A" e
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: I0 v2 t3 N. S/ h* r1 a
135. Popular nonobedience- x3 N- }# Z; H$ R* @: i
136. Disguised disobedience
$ G4 s; C5 G0 s7 x" [7 p 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 V0 e/ \% D* k
138. Sitdown* G$ t2 l3 m" e( T6 l
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 g* [- F& V; k5 D& S! I 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
. |, D" a: h0 N; ~ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" ]; A1 M. L& W' C5 V% _6 s, x8 _
- \6 T. t4 j2 H, k3 d/ |8 eAction by Government Personnel
0 j" F- y- P" m* O 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides8 q/ O0 p9 q0 B; i' Z" _) _) Q
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
' N9 e! c6 t- r H. H 144. Stalling and obstruction5 v2 ^. q8 A; t7 Y2 s
145. General administrative noncooperation
' o; c2 T5 H7 K+ t2 q+ ?% s0 v' Y( ?: H, {1 y7 l3 {
146. Judicial noncooperation2 s+ z, J% ~! {
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! _; F$ k3 N: ~8 n! Y0 D% o, t1 |
148. Mutiny
( K5 a, w% U# h$ }) z9 E" hDomestic Governmental Action/ ^. P* ~3 a; K" v, d' ]+ P
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 ~* I8 n: a. h4 E7 z0 b( u
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 F( q' _1 X8 _. E3 l+ }0 ?8 k& d% A3 I# N! t& B& {6 I$ |( X
International Governmental Action, i% p4 D+ _( @8 {2 g
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. z ~7 d# M4 u* K8 {6 ?& A
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 U' B/ ]. e5 F8 d5 p* C( o+ _4 K 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. _# R0 D2 F R7 N% R- ^! |: y 154. Severance of diplomatic relations. C A' ~' I6 Z8 I: d
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
6 [2 Q0 y1 _% c- F 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies; \/ G9 `" A% y2 \
157. Expulsion from international organizations6 U0 A/ H, r! B
; a# R! C; k* z ) a+ }7 q4 `+ D7 |7 I' ?, q& ]4 A, |
8 U: [2 C( a/ m3 S3 {
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: k5 i8 }5 n7 @, }; J* W8 t
8 ?4 I# q0 @* \# I V2 M* {: ]4 k + w3 q1 A# k( ^! P
Psychological Intervention
7 x2 L2 x$ O9 q' s2 V 158. Self-exposure to the elements2 l' ~1 e- a) X
159. The fast8 l5 n) z% m7 m! Z
a) Fast of moral pressure
* I6 d. m, V$ h" m3 r b) Hunger strike
+ L$ {, T: o* M0 L c) Satyagrahic fast: K6 _" I' r, m' N! V6 i2 d
160. Reverse trial7 X o8 H) I1 z: p* b
161. Nonviolent harassment6 k' j' {1 h, D; N, X: J
, {0 i4 D1 l. F V
Physical Intervention% e' Z7 b5 E: s1 f, K2 H5 p
162. Sit-in
2 s% i* N# c" e 163. Stand-in/ F2 i. L1 m* @* t2 r+ Q# T3 b7 f
164. Ride-in: H8 [' _: {" c9 ^6 k# C
165. Wade-in
! v9 H/ @) P% L4 k; G# I# f& \ 166. Mill-in% j" I8 K5 X6 p3 z, V+ P& U
167. Pray-in D, ]. H1 V0 D# s, c2 l, i
168. Nonviolent raids
2 Q* ]6 X3 f8 i6 n 169. Nonviolent air raids
$ M! |- K+ x; c/ Q, n6 v 170. Nonviolent invasion
, G* Q6 b$ \+ ?9 N& ^ 171. Nonviolent interjection
5 R+ j& F' m( F, R4 E" Y 172. Nonviolent obstruction* k y0 u8 f1 T$ |
173. Nonviolent occupation8 w. D- a# q9 y! E
4 ~) J8 b7 i, n& r2 ^4 y. R2 d. _
Social Intervention
; }: \( @+ }5 z" J0 Z% r 174. Establishing new social patterns
6 {: q& L/ g1 h1 Q( G. a$ i 175. Overloading of facilities
4 F6 c/ ~0 p+ P. F 176. Stall-in
5 o% [6 G( ~* R. h! L; Y 177. Speak-in
: t8 t2 x/ F9 Z3 @9 R6 C" r 178. Guerrilla theater* A. T0 H# L: O+ J
179. Alternative social institutions
5 d- W" z: [2 a" a0 X3 D 180. Alternative communication system& V6 G$ q \2 B8 \0 X* c
% y& _# [* e" H: o4 x6 ~
Economic Intervention" ]; B8 P. G. i5 e
181. Reverse strike
1 E0 A8 `0 W5 P ^2 [, b 182. Stay-in strike. N g; k/ [3 o3 [" L
183. Nonviolent land seizure
, [5 ~! N' ?5 I9 B- K+ d% |# Y( q 184. Defiance of blockades: l- r/ E7 Z! `' Y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting2 Q( y; h# D2 @
186. Preclusive purchasing
0 I- q6 S, x! [/ j. r 187. Seizure of assets
( E1 x- N$ j% l( B+ W: M 188. Dumping
; m6 M8 P% {! z1 E, Z4 | 189. Selective patronage' U7 ]+ y3 o, @9 M1 C. \3 V
190. Alternative markets' D1 j) U' s. o% g( P
191. Alternative transportation systems- Q; w- y% X. r7 D2 w5 c
192. Alternative economic institutions2 N6 V+ Y9 q- c3 }7 X/ @
8 c' [) l. y( d/ o* b
Political Intervention
* |' x3 U+ w% ` S9 P 193. Overloading of administrative systems
/ P- m- l$ M' N( q9 l" g& d) ` 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents L' M& Z# D' D8 H
195. Seeking imprisonment
" M. p9 p5 Q; g. d 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: P. ^% w l4 a, w3 M! y 197. Work-on without collaboration5 p' Q" B$ V. k, C
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
& u6 s' }$ ?) |6 @) j" X" G1 `
! h' {. [& p) c. F2 f2 ^" V" ` |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
