 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- J! n m" X7 h6 U5 n* ~Formal Statements! h" E% l% h W1 q
1. Public Speeches
. m! y, O. v2 V/ O 2. Letters of opposition or support+ g0 t3 Q# [: f4 Y3 T
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. L h7 m' l q- [" N T7 w 4. Signed public statements
% G# g5 q% k& _. Q. B2 s 5. Declarations of indictment and intention2 x/ `( B. P+ c, Y
6. Group or mass petitions
( R; Z' k1 f5 k5 f; A) v3 k0 V& m* T$ D
Communications with a Wider Audience
& r, F8 ?- p! t, S 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
i, y \. u3 z' B& E4 c9 P 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications% n! v# s( a: m& p1 s$ W
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 _- {' W" d" b% Q
10. Newspapers and journals' g- n" t8 D. @
11. Records, radio, and television
8 \! S: i7 }, W 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 Q7 @3 I7 l# |2 g& G4 f1 W! y) S* y
Group Representations5 S5 Q4 I: ^6 [: a
13. Deputations
/ {) {" z3 v' \7 J5 s! {; Y 14. Mock awards* T; U, m# N+ [3 j
15. Group lobbying
1 k3 h, R7 J0 n 16. Picketing
$ ~7 T) c$ N: m 17. Mock elections
- L' F" O. }! G& i3 M+ ~# T7 M1 h2 `+ t# l1 j7 c9 F% n) d) L
Symbolic Public Acts# d, I' w- E. o% q+ p: `& g. C3 v- G) C
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: U$ g! E% G7 _) h( q" E+ H- q 19. Wearing of symbols
- O4 ]; G' ^) d 20. Prayer and worship
& }2 e0 D) ]' E" b8 m+ F 21. Delivering symbolic objects5 o. L; t* u `1 q& \
22. Protest disrobings
/ A+ p" \! s9 T2 Z- e 23. Destruction of own property
; `3 m, c# u1 I7 \ 24. Symbolic lights' J3 V3 X3 K( C+ {5 L
25. Displays of portraits
( C$ x7 b, n" t" Y$ A! |) O 26. Paint as protest! t1 R% O1 z2 l6 V- m6 z: N1 T1 F
27. New signs and names
% `. n4 Q! V+ a8 w: w$ M) k1 d, F 28. Symbolic sounds* M. i* O6 N( j4 M# ^( k
29. Symbolic reclamations8 Q+ a! l. N P2 }
30. Rude gestures8 D N/ E" F: Q. @. z$ A
% n& M. S! N4 hPressures on Individuals
4 U8 c) K# f7 G 31. “Haunting” officials
) f& u5 ]- h% \1 m* C8 } 32. Taunting officials
# C+ N$ l, \ ?& @3 [ 33. Fraternization
' h( v( ~+ ^+ R S: \ 34. Vigils
# P4 N* g# t& ?8 |! ~ f
9 R" d) D' d6 |Drama and Music8 I; N6 A( T) f% \! d/ ^) z/ D
35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 Y7 n. l* ?( G9 e8 A 36. Performances of plays and music0 q, R5 F& Q0 N+ T5 y5 P
37. Singing* N" S" p' j& \( Q
0 X& o! y( G' C& `
Processions
+ ~. z6 k9 C% {6 U; [" j' g 38. Marches7 N0 g6 P5 X! Y- v; l6 ?8 ~
39. Parades
' w, |2 ~7 g# Z! [ 40. Religious processions% @5 F- c% ^4 J. a0 ]
41. Pilgrimages3 ?8 s3 y% J e
42. Motorcades
1 Z- D9 c# s. h" |' W
1 P* |2 p: D. N9 m" @7 ]Honoring the Dead
& l! B. S4 H) O" u 43. Political mourning
5 @) F3 K+ O5 S+ @$ Q( u6 C 44. Mock funerals
; Q6 d. E6 i4 J0 s 45. Demonstrative funerals- U" ]: |5 u1 O
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies8 q7 f# S) o4 c. e1 @" j
47. Assemblies of protest or support3 i: }# h5 Y/ @0 l h
48. Protest meetings
8 K- E+ c- I/ W( J" ^5 Z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest& W* p- f# l T* q' S. v1 M
50. Teach-ins
* I% }: X( G# @' l. [; ?7 C/ T" a: u4 t' [" f$ {
Withdrawal and Renunciation
) g* f G( K# X- X/ t 51. Walk-outs
; P% B) M0 j) y& q 52. Silence
; t! n8 b a/ s% j$ z) ~2 Z 53. Renouncing honors# z% v4 h5 d2 t e
54. Turning one’s back
& ]8 s, j4 Z$ d Q8 R3 M8 g# @& u- O6 c2 C
3 g) ^8 g E1 Z* p/ b, |) x
4 D6 a( ?6 S/ A8 \THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
' ~; S" s1 Q! U9 u; R) x7 s0 ~* E& U6 w o0 R& ]* V
+ h0 C# |3 T% M' o7 ~
1 a6 G# u. `. `8 _5 u6 g2 g- EOstracism of Persons/ w0 w! Y4 t% l1 R
55. Social boycott, L" a/ W. t6 A$ d- U5 G5 ?
56. Selective social boycott1 K1 c" d! @+ N- n4 V5 O
57. Lysistratic nonaction/ H3 N1 W; d3 [& \) K6 t
58. Excommunication& i3 Y1 g. e( C: R
59. Interdict
& s" L( d4 E& k. S2 b/ n; _
" b. F4 Y W/ F% [Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 P/ j2 L; \- Y v9 u 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! F" t# o" W( [8 F: z 61. Boycott of social affairs5 n# [3 j2 {; j$ @" z) Q9 M
62. Student strike
5 F; b, `% {& @ 63. Social disobedience) |& `7 w: J) @: K$ L+ y# @
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
# a' A) c" h2 ?5 n( Z% R) |$ A5 t/ |# B: i) X
Withdrawal from the Social System
) P V$ G% n# H' V D 65. Stay-at-home
: s( c* I9 g. v* C1 s 66. Total personal noncooperation* u8 V& X( E$ K% N( m
67. “Flight” of workers
7 l ?9 w- I Q 68. Sanctuary
0 A& S) x1 o1 T# b& y: h3 R% c+ p$ A: H5 g8 J 69. Collective disappearance' F5 |* F/ r' _1 u2 m( E
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 K# V+ N: f! B5 v& O
8 @2 I/ O. j/ I% s
( {' [/ f% [8 O& s& T# U0 J0 N- f4 r' I
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
( T7 S! G. j, I' D
* ?1 v( V7 P6 v4 e; ?2 @" i & h2 T2 M" p1 s8 @
Actions by Consumers
9 G( h2 D2 Z, R* q3 F* D# O 71. Consumers’ boycott. g9 w& A; M1 r
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods ~4 w! k5 j' U) ~2 x; {" J
73. Policy of austerity! n5 z9 f: A: y0 y' \, q% R. m
74. Rent withholding
+ c( X0 H+ u I, c1 j 75. Refusal to rent
: e; z5 j# E& W8 [+ H; H 76. National consumers’ boycott& `0 z6 Q8 G( M3 i
77. International consumers’ boycott
4 w, C) y6 q* i3 u
$ s4 [. q5 Z4 j% gAction by Workers and Producers
- b2 H( s% K1 K2 ?: o. z 78. Workmen’s boycott
5 a9 s) J. D+ o8 P5 C6 Q 79. Producers’ boycott7 k/ w+ e5 A- k9 O" W) }& ?# k
- g+ w* S/ g7 j; `
Action by Middlemen
O3 H+ w( W3 R1 C2 Q9 K2 r* f. Y m 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 t- e2 z8 q% N: i9 x3 G, q: b6 S
. i- l5 D6 h. D6 }' hAction by Owners and Management
2 k% p9 d& _" n/ i+ F. e; Q 81. Traders’ boycott
& q! t# t `9 B: [) S! y 82. Refusal to let or sell property* B2 m( Q: x b
83. Lockout
; p) y& T2 R/ k' i i: w 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* L0 L; g( ?0 f) Y3 j 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ N7 E5 _8 B, Y! d
+ d: d. p! ~+ f; g% ?Action by Holders of Financial Resources
2 ~" W1 H4 f. {) |% v 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits8 T7 W! p' Z$ {6 ~
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: ]# N" L6 [& I' ?) ^* F 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 Y9 F4 [$ X5 D6 @9 v" W 89. Severance of funds and credit
/ y0 o# R- l0 q- {+ A9 c# |3 |9 r 90. Revenue refusal
; K4 c' ~3 ~* |! W# D/ y5 s 91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 @' Q5 g7 @6 B) q0 s7 @4 r1 E1 Y0 Z6 i) ]. d
Action by Governments
) D& s+ i1 A7 }+ H9 l Q J 92. Domestic embargo5 J' T0 k- o( \: b/ R
93. Blacklisting of traders
% M$ a! [; D$ [/ { 94. International sellers’ embargo
; s" C+ p" U9 w! \) j$ |$ b6 K 95. International buyers’ embargo
( C4 v: K7 ?% }9 m8 h) e 96. International trade embargo& e8 Y9 o, ^% @
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T, s/ i6 F. K- }0 oTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% e4 T+ A6 A" _3 R) P
" R) R& n2 m4 [1 _
$ i3 U! S# x5 F, d1 _7 rSymbolic Strikes
. e5 Q8 b% a0 e; ^5 \ 97. Protest strike
2 ~+ W" ^; k% r- s 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# h8 n! ~( }* r
6 O. M! ]' E+ d7 c3 ?
Agricultural Strikes
- l6 z9 U/ [3 `4 I$ O4 X- R 99. Peasant strike
% p9 z/ I) O8 X" d; j 100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 ^" d/ E/ |' X3 E2 l3 R+ e. x3 e( T2 ]
Strikes by Special Groups5 t' |7 |! t, }& F3 x
101. Refusal of impressed labor
6 P G$ h5 a3 u1 c G 102. Prisoners’ strike( \6 z4 E; Q' }# W# Z6 a/ ^
103. Craft strike3 b$ B/ N" R5 W$ i
104. Professional strike5 c% B3 y7 L" [7 l+ y9 ?
" I: I9 ]. l, a. OOrdinary Industrial Strikes5 A6 e. e1 x' W
105. Establishment strike
! Y8 L: } J+ E* [+ r8 I5 m9 e1 }9 r 106. Industry strike
% F, a* i8 p! [) Y7 W1 O 107. Sympathetic strike% g) ~; v/ p- }+ t! V6 ?2 t
$ W: h) q2 p4 j3 N5 H8 G( s
Restricted Strikes
' ^9 q8 w0 l1 y0 u3 w 108. Detailed strike- Q, ^: k% }) B% `8 N
109. Bumper strike V# N6 M, t n! [; T$ M+ ~
110. Slowdown strike
! b( B) _; ]- f+ \! M8 k 111. Working-to-rule strike# J+ |0 \. q3 d, ^
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! n" |0 ?/ x" _( u' E6 M- R8 G. d
113. Strike by resignation- ^5 e- O/ P$ g! ^6 ?5 j7 `$ Q* ~& p
114. Limited strike9 ?" x% J+ [7 a0 g2 @% p
115. Selective strike% B8 d0 `. T Y& r( n
* Z* ]( Z( O F8 a, y7 vMulti-Industry Strikes) U. c- e0 k# c5 n2 Y: a Z5 h
. {2 @) v0 _( F% L( v; G 116. Generalized strike5 m& F+ B( d7 p
. b/ v: K8 G6 E: z 117. General strike
- G6 x/ |' H: N2 F B# \- F* {; |7 n! V
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
2 B" ]( d7 K$ l% J2 [6 x8 q3 K4 j& m% Z! R/ P* h
118. Hartal
- F( [8 z& l1 d' s$ m% h- Y _8 n9 q4 R' P- Q# C
119. Economic shutdown
7 |, ~) C# h8 x! u7 ~+ u6 @! M# k! U2 N0 D% n& d8 L$ p$ U9 q- `% ?3 g
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 N4 p: R$ l' p z& J1 R& ZRejection of Authority
5 F- s. P, a0 Q! j8 ]6 U: j 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 t9 @% j; p! ~+ ?
121. Refusal of public support
+ g v" B; G, b+ h& u3 d4 t0 ^0 N9 h 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 Z0 w, W: d( w: c
8 v9 u* X/ [( X# Y5 YCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government( K0 Y, `. v6 ]3 N' z, M
123. Boycott of legislative bodies4 r& Y7 B- |* x2 `
124. Boycott of elections) G2 F K) x" K- I" L; M# [9 j; S3 ?
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
Q8 V, h, n: l4 U9 f! H1 v. G# G 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 v: ?/ E& x4 B3 n# O7 e 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ m3 |$ o: o& A3 _' Y0 }! g
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. P8 s( Y9 S c u+ y! i 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
. m; [/ W: Y, m- y6 u8 ]4 @6 `! T 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
1 T5 P+ ~& g% B9 k3 R) z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 m6 P6 a; F% a) L
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% @" s: A. q6 H( v$ L; J. }* ], a5 Q! g6 e2 o6 c
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& S; i U6 D& y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 l: _4 U0 ]. R! X( P
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision6 d( ~# F/ }8 B+ T8 H
135. Popular nonobedience9 b3 q; a# _- N1 |4 ^* t. ?+ [
136. Disguised disobedience% X1 D% x% h5 j1 Q7 g! }$ |$ O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( M! N* N0 I$ b( N9 [9 @* c
138. Sitdown: y( q3 E; A& P/ s4 k2 T; z9 Y
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
; G1 `( a) l3 q' |5 w5 F& E 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
9 C2 @) p6 z, j& f8 h, r7 L; e 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws3 ?; `# u7 K/ z, s6 g; [- t( m
9 E% Y( y# e4 ]. M; Q
Action by Government Personnel U: `( Q1 b* e9 n+ i7 I
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 B# n1 Z t& N& v# [ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 e' Z- y% m7 u. ~/ {1 t 144. Stalling and obstruction, a+ W! z# g9 e. ^' K
145. General administrative noncooperation! O2 _- a! [: T; I0 ^+ H
% C* g2 u- H" H) X" b 146. Judicial noncooperation( f5 @# l% |& o# i2 V7 T
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
8 }7 I1 V% A5 t/ E3 W, a. P 148. Mutiny
) w% ^) ~3 C- J J- S& H' C, _' xDomestic Governmental Action
6 H' @/ R: [" s7 n8 {8 {) N9 { 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 R5 `6 H' G: ?5 f2 z. Y1 ` ~1 V4 {
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
' e' S3 J+ J/ u6 Z+ f3 B; W( n% ~6 l& K0 q
International Governmental Action
) n' z# }. L% Z- P% O 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" \5 r5 z: k% { 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events( S/ D- s! l4 J& P7 ^5 [6 l
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 H# t+ { [. _1 j 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 Q a. L3 c! g$ o. W% m
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* B: Y6 g2 K" m$ h. \7 V, h 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 Z, ?* ^: h) j3 C2 w% ?8 A 157. Expulsion from international organizations: N/ ]4 v( z- g D
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9 a* B V7 m4 _' E3 |- \; ?# c% x' M
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION, }, }7 M) R# I# v0 _* J( R
: x2 S f( V$ O
3 y3 r7 }8 I$ W6 `# |6 s* |
Psychological Intervention8 @7 n; y9 E0 O* S t. k3 y2 Q9 ^
158. Self-exposure to the elements
! P) t' m* G. E- V2 S& w8 f6 D 159. The fast: ^% ]+ Y) x/ Z3 k l. M0 L
a) Fast of moral pressure
6 ?9 Q) K8 X$ ^* J3 B: d- v# _ b) Hunger strike
: S$ x- M. ^# B! D c) Satyagrahic fast
, u8 _' t0 N& A 160. Reverse trial& @; g% K, f/ L% W
161. Nonviolent harassment+ G! [' G/ T. J; _& I# S
9 ?/ z' m* H9 N. J; u6 R+ IPhysical Intervention
/ \* @: O/ ^) K5 U9 [4 u( w5 N! l 162. Sit-in* c) w' Y8 s+ l; N7 s$ K2 Q
163. Stand-in0 Z( K1 O0 @- ~) }
164. Ride-in$ i6 r2 S7 g7 V/ U. C1 b
165. Wade-in( X2 R" i1 v, S% g* i7 c' x# i) {
166. Mill-in7 U8 ?) B8 \- c* J) s( x, T0 u
167. Pray-in# r: E: v. `5 k% a
168. Nonviolent raids) O) @/ T3 i J" B0 }
169. Nonviolent air raids+ W: A# L, ^) f
170. Nonviolent invasion
6 d% {- X- ]# }- }/ N$ z( | 171. Nonviolent interjection
# M) @* ~# Q- B$ g, f9 @6 p 172. Nonviolent obstruction ^) E. ~# D8 D" e3 ?3 v7 y1 ]5 Z
173. Nonviolent occupation& L( X+ i5 W( J+ w
6 w% l! r6 ]/ e9 `
Social Intervention; q7 i6 Q* l u+ B# \+ I- v
174. Establishing new social patterns
5 @# W) {, V1 f9 g0 r 175. Overloading of facilities
: m0 h& p8 G+ |; Q* e) c/ L+ _$ C1 K 176. Stall-in
8 W( v% y8 [+ | M: G/ @! O 177. Speak-in
7 u+ Q' X: l3 a+ ~' a& c" l 178. Guerrilla theater
2 c5 c% K B# O" i. `! l 179. Alternative social institutions
& `# W5 X& F) F: ?. u/ O* f7 n 180. Alternative communication system* B3 d8 ]. [6 x4 @$ O
$ y+ J2 T& W! o, ~1 k8 G0 r
Economic Intervention9 n* l8 m. {, D) p
181. Reverse strike
& w( W2 t* ?4 [3 Q5 g: j. e+ h$ ` 182. Stay-in strike$ s# E. d7 y: A# N; F* |
183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ E; [" _# ?4 C9 T: S! o2 }* \8 I 184. Defiance of blockades' u n0 f7 ]7 T3 j) |& z. L; k
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting7 B: M* j# k! R% r/ T
186. Preclusive purchasing
) P) r8 z4 A+ t0 K" K& G$ q7 | 187. Seizure of assets
$ l0 v, y/ c0 V9 f5 P: _ 188. Dumping! e. `$ j5 r% _' e& v# k, m
189. Selective patronage
# I$ q* {9 }5 p$ t, K; E 190. Alternative markets0 C9 T0 J4 J$ @* `2 Z
191. Alternative transportation systems
' W1 v! f7 {2 b" S L 192. Alternative economic institutions* t A" {, ^) Z# b( A2 k1 a5 X. y3 L
7 X7 m: F4 i% w0 O9 b0 XPolitical Intervention
; h, \5 t- B+ I+ v; p# P 193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 W3 ]* P, K' \) N; h 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents+ U* J- S2 [& H
195. Seeking imprisonment
9 @& W, S2 }3 t1 e& i) N; S' m 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 x+ V! s ?) r 197. Work-on without collaboration) Z/ Y j( S q( M. R/ ~ e; G' [
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( J. [. u7 H9 ], P
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
