 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION1 ~7 h: _0 ^9 q' ~
Formal Statements
7 ^8 W* C1 K+ `: P) {* {% r; |( ]0 r 1. Public Speeches
) d) y6 y8 k% E+ { 2. Letters of opposition or support
2 D$ D" l# O* b: r4 D2 N& T 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions5 D5 f K& y- n7 x% a
4. Signed public statements- \! s; X6 ^: Q
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 e9 k' o9 ?( J8 N, g 6. Group or mass petitions, ~) A! D4 E& E" P% h8 Q! J
0 x) G- _% D( \5 ^! ^; R6 O8 rCommunications with a Wider Audience
3 ? C8 ~4 ~' k/ D. R9 ?/ Q4 L( B( v 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 X/ t+ j' f) F
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ H: K0 Q' n; f- c1 N* `! _
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, ?. U- {& Y. T" N, t 10. Newspapers and journals
( X: f' K5 y" I. W 11. Records, radio, and television0 b3 T% G0 j; o! L$ T' L( q' _
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
- H) \: p& S6 w0 p' _8 t r! `: c$ X+ {; ^
Group Representations
7 f+ P. p' |( ]# K ? 13. Deputations
% X4 |6 p) [$ }$ b7 L4 `4 a 14. Mock awards
6 v/ W4 r8 j# \+ U 15. Group lobbying
! W1 h4 N/ R7 z9 \% w 16. Picketing" i3 A! g: m0 i( E( p& {
17. Mock elections
# m2 Y. w8 Y0 j2 k! T2 c2 J
; a7 V& @: C* }% I/ J4 @ tSymbolic Public Acts! F5 O; e) I) S- ]# K) l
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. G$ x% S) H. a5 U% j7 `' U" b( `
19. Wearing of symbols
$ M2 Z, u' {3 U; d4 z6 V. y' i! z 20. Prayer and worship# \* A1 k3 t9 ^- h9 r
21. Delivering symbolic objects$ f" c0 N7 S* s9 E4 D8 L
22. Protest disrobings! C! E" W6 j1 \ x+ q; J
23. Destruction of own property* p8 R5 K& K' t; r$ p2 n- g0 A
24. Symbolic lights8 x9 m1 {) k8 d l
25. Displays of portraits: G1 K1 a6 G! w! ?2 F2 }
26. Paint as protest
& D/ p/ P& i6 \3 `, u, e8 W; O 27. New signs and names, W& A! e& d. a. G
28. Symbolic sounds0 c3 o- j! z6 a. I. x" H' b
29. Symbolic reclamations. T R' j* a. x& Y( Q; r: p
30. Rude gestures
8 ^; ?/ Z. M! i/ B+ G4 Z* `7 p) J+ H/ @2 Y& N: N T2 q
Pressures on Individuals! L. `) m K6 w9 a
31. “Haunting” officials
/ u7 }% A9 O( O+ ?. \- I# i 32. Taunting officials H2 w/ h- e: M/ A# d
33. Fraternization
$ }. W% O7 m6 `% j 34. Vigils3 ^2 M# o9 n6 C2 K5 `
% b m N2 Z/ T" tDrama and Music
# d" N+ h" P; \2 E Z6 n. t 35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 M" Q* m) w6 S k k9 j 36. Performances of plays and music
0 N' _, t9 o- e, L8 A) b 37. Singing1 B# A6 d$ ^; n7 p5 Z5 p0 }
' K. p6 [; [: V+ y/ y2 i4 T
Processions9 A" d% n. ~8 I( ~
38. Marches$ N" D K6 o1 ^
39. Parades
! B4 ~) X; J; p% `% \ 40. Religious processions3 Y7 d8 S& J ~/ q" ?
41. Pilgrimages5 [+ m9 N: }( V' _$ w' ?
42. Motorcades
/ o7 G v& Q5 i! `3 Z( O+ V8 k; q( P# {2 {$ U" q, X8 P/ J
Honoring the Dead
1 T8 O. _+ B9 V9 X 43. Political mourning1 b: Z5 f% t1 y
44. Mock funerals9 E& Y( q: \) u8 @- M% _
45. Demonstrative funerals
( \" ]9 M# _/ N* R 46. Homage at burial places
9 e6 F3 i5 g- s, i; Z9 P" E' s: u
3 F" V" s, Q+ F4 b/ \Public Assemblies
' q: j& y) E) S4 b3 a1 m 47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 R1 t D) m- l; t# A' p 48. Protest meetings- x {% C1 b2 ]2 i$ |# T0 v! S
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! h* K4 g! U: k( j/ i. l- a3 h 50. Teach-ins& i5 o) y1 r8 n7 H( c5 Z Y6 G
1 t. R9 U( ^3 I5 Y6 oWithdrawal and Renunciation
7 S2 W$ x0 z- h3 N% H }8 S1 W 51. Walk-outs
) T S* e2 _$ r% W* e9 q9 @; P5 r 52. Silence" A% X5 s6 S" g" O
53. Renouncing honors& P* P2 L7 D# Q* j
54. Turning one’s back
) i5 ^( T/ y E- U- r$ {; Q' L, c% ^9 d
5 H. n" w' `6 _) p
. s1 Q0 I. u+ ^/ J4 d+ |, hTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 m4 e! V9 a1 {1 y; J) E
& s8 C5 M& n$ g) e* a/ G ) g3 x! Y* L4 Z# L
/ y+ {5 q1 _' O0 m3 OOstracism of Persons5 j* J& A7 B1 y6 ^
55. Social boycott. E5 B) Z, i6 K3 F
56. Selective social boycott
! |3 M a, O3 U. W, r5 I' h 57. Lysistratic nonaction9 q+ l9 p! p' E+ h. p2 j) Q+ N7 u% [
58. Excommunication: h k6 |7 R& |" t
59. Interdict, W) [6 V: j- Y" } ^
- u! V# @. ?* r# ?- L* g5 c- R, O) MNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; V5 u6 c; G S1 j3 P$ D% J 60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 O1 F- ] H- j0 s$ p6 ?
61. Boycott of social affairs, c* J5 b8 G! @6 |. a# T3 `9 C
62. Student strike/ R4 u/ O f7 V! M1 ~+ U) W7 s7 F
63. Social disobedience
5 s r6 a x$ m# `6 {/ \1 Z5 U 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' d& |9 O2 e# Z! L7 G2 C1 L5 M0 C0 _% K: { e, M
Withdrawal from the Social System
; F9 s; g! l7 ^9 Z/ C1 g, z) _ [+ C 65. Stay-at-home
/ m0 b+ u) g- d2 O& i! F. K 66. Total personal noncooperation5 R0 u' u# N ^; i; f
67. “Flight” of workers1 J$ g+ c" V) V1 c! A5 c% N, Z
68. Sanctuary
' Y7 Z& X4 m0 e6 P7 x 69. Collective disappearance- M! t2 @( P7 Y
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 u _# h& P+ e6 R. P, t7 j
& M6 c( B% F- G! h+ ^
" _5 h9 w9 b- J: c3 R" Q$ @; j; O: o# U1 z( {
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
2 J/ t3 y K/ E& w9 {- z, ]+ \6 S$ B2 o% ]+ k
0 b" {% x! B: {7 n! lActions by Consumers
% H1 `/ \1 X: @9 i, ~ 71. Consumers’ boycott' ^" h- D& Q' }. c ]" b2 E0 a* \
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
2 v3 G/ h5 }+ o$ Q# d6 W 73. Policy of austerity( n9 Q0 Y" p% p( m( Z: I& P
74. Rent withholding
# l. X$ q' l% D; Y. z$ } 75. Refusal to rent
" M( y4 a& w3 n% v: z 76. National consumers’ boycott) t# k9 X2 u1 @0 Q( [6 l
77. International consumers’ boycott
7 T4 g5 D9 Q1 r" T5 }" d% {; d
Action by Workers and Producers) O" z8 M- h8 F5 }
78. Workmen’s boycott
5 l. W5 h: q. R+ p, z/ U+ s2 C6 w" M 79. Producers’ boycott" |# b( c: R4 K: G) v0 l. m5 `
, d; b* b" _: F) d* J5 u1 F! G' W" OAction by Middlemen- V* g0 E8 ^! @6 O2 `
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott; u2 H# ]& O* i) i( E. t1 b1 o
- N) x, u: Q+ `3 E7 GAction by Owners and Management
" P5 B& @$ v+ l3 Y% [7 E, Y 81. Traders’ boycott
5 c8 [* {- I. t4 y( s; M 82. Refusal to let or sell property- d5 h3 d" i: {: R6 l
83. Lockout( j( R$ X9 l& k8 {
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
; R* U$ V6 Z1 v4 y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”; P) ?* x; f# }, C& |+ C
1 L0 n. z( P) K: y1 C) f+ xAction by Holders of Financial Resources9 L% t. R2 g3 C4 H( U
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 e. a# s! ?$ a+ F# G; E 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
# U6 F# s; \; K2 Q1 e# c 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! X; G+ u8 C/ V0 H
89. Severance of funds and credit
0 E8 Y! T' J4 ]' D 90. Revenue refusal
2 X0 B2 w: e3 Z; e1 D 91. Refusal of a government’s money
K0 t$ B1 D! E6 E. v8 k1 }9 | Q8 E; b
Action by Governments
9 d5 }7 b; }" N. Q- m) G) y; K1 G 92. Domestic embargo$ I/ o+ c- _/ J5 y5 A
93. Blacklisting of traders+ ~7 D7 Y: A) z4 l, [+ t
94. International sellers’ embargo$ Y/ s+ \9 a0 O, v. `$ P
95. International buyers’ embargo8 b- x, b* T- D) t
96. International trade embargo8 w: `1 J; K; P) t
/ t9 T+ e$ @9 m l, H
( [" V+ O. w) K# u
0 z- R! W& t7 y8 W
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
+ A2 |8 O6 c3 [6 {6 e! `
. q' f. z% K4 h$ b
) H. b* o/ y# b4 W( ~$ w' c) d. @Symbolic Strikes7 N Q" \4 v6 C9 _2 t' s3 f
97. Protest strike
7 C$ E* o: `2 [4 J$ i4 E8 e" ] 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 a8 Y; [( Q$ V; m( y0 b# N8 p
+ G) J' o& g) z
Agricultural Strikes) D3 T' w2 f" a7 F# e2 j( a
99. Peasant strike
) i7 ?$ f" u5 E# l F 100. Farm Workers’ strike
, e6 f0 A+ m1 @. Y: h' E# @) [2 p2 c4 v. }4 @; l' `
Strikes by Special Groups9 w" X! B G' S& G8 Y
101. Refusal of impressed labor
' y. u0 K* y" @5 Q8 J5 x5 U 102. Prisoners’ strike8 j/ K! o$ M) f1 f+ m
103. Craft strike& P; J- k, y+ W6 H- \
104. Professional strike
$ o w( n' U9 I; d& W! ]- f5 g, j: |
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' Z4 b; v# G' W6 P0 [0 u 105. Establishment strike
- r& k8 ^. F. v; Y* p 106. Industry strike/ [9 ]! r7 S/ J! f& N
107. Sympathetic strike
; d/ R8 N5 s- K; \1 D4 B7 ]) W* L# L+ c
Restricted Strikes; e1 u; U4 Q+ ?) W( @$ @5 z
108. Detailed strike
( e( U) V2 i* k& B 109. Bumper strike
2 {9 l K. M8 Q3 v' J8 ` 110. Slowdown strike# l7 J1 Z$ R# r7 t8 U
111. Working-to-rule strike
& M. a" j8 G+ w5 o7 a+ h) V0 E. o 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
# e- ?; S# p+ L0 s- D- m& K4 ` 113. Strike by resignation
) M- e: `! w) o; @2 f 114. Limited strike/ V) t( m w# R" G7 Q% I
115. Selective strike
) W# q: o% e: w5 F6 @1 v; H0 A5 K5 G5 {% T5 [5 ^* \1 s
Multi-Industry Strikes6 m$ N- ]0 O; P9 I8 m
8 z+ ^+ b; i* j 116. Generalized strike5 f2 i+ t. ^( V4 C' a* Z2 @) W5 h
- L+ I/ |# X% o! M
117. General strike: X$ Q" t; M" r- d7 b
B# ^+ g5 J4 p! z% q7 e1 qCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ d5 n! O: I( S, ?0 h
$ r/ X! k: i j9 Q n! Z9 x 118. Hartal
6 P6 _! ]) O' N" A0 a- @( A' ^. h+ j1 e# s7 ^
119. Economic shutdown& a* w7 {5 R+ `! y2 I
/ t0 k7 J/ X0 s: V% |
3 z; [+ p2 x5 W* G; ^! ^ t# T6 j1 t1 N/ \
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION4 u; K% j8 n9 Y8 @
" a3 L1 A. s/ z- [2 @
7 U4 m; Q4 l: d
Rejection of Authority
* ^* s2 o! Z1 i 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
8 Z& o0 R W* M8 W1 y/ m# ~5 r 121. Refusal of public support! e' m+ u+ R- J# G) `9 l
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 E$ j, ^' L8 J! U
$ j& U& x) p7 Z \6 j$ L& w
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ F* o8 Z5 c: G2 L 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' n2 c- P5 h! |9 A: b. Y" T7 x 124. Boycott of elections# r0 T7 d Y, ]0 n+ t- m) O
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; W5 O) E% H ^2 s$ ?6 c( s 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 P) K3 E- q' S1 Y" C* d
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
# W, F; q" d, v/ R# B4 \9 k0 @! ?: R 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations+ f! Z! z8 I2 G8 h R. }
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ k2 E# d O& J4 \) e 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks3 P3 \4 {, F$ M0 C! e) {- f) X
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( d6 d2 H% x1 K, g, u3 t, g/ \
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 C' f7 f; x5 f K, L
/ D5 |" _, b( v _- C1 l
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 }, i p( Y1 {+ Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance; ^$ S8 k# `) n- I) K. j
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& x: K7 G0 ^; E) ], j
135. Popular nonobedience, g" E. r, a, P8 [% ]
136. Disguised disobedience8 @) t0 c* m2 x4 C
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ d5 p: H( l' G- l
138. Sitdown# _& c+ }6 j/ ^
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation3 ?# {1 ~" j3 j$ y& p
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 b* c+ \2 W) W& g9 V/ h* b
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& O- }& J( g9 n3 {9 z2 k+ P* E! {' X! U" W+ [7 B; l
Action by Government Personnel
$ I: ^- ?; x4 S; X" q- y 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- A, z Y1 H: G4 O
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ q6 c( l4 @& v; c, ~0 V* ?; M 144. Stalling and obstruction) }$ y6 {* \6 p
145. General administrative noncooperation5 E, c7 I$ B6 R" x+ q
* F/ D6 w. x1 S6 L* r% o/ L 146. Judicial noncooperation
, U8 z9 ]* z1 Z 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' r/ g% O: Z0 V) p M0 X
148. Mutiny
+ O& ?: m5 x4 n2 o, ?0 c# DDomestic Governmental Action
6 z3 |/ f1 s* O: W5 @4 o 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 j! Y' Y5 W( M+ c3 H7 r& G 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 \ ^& n+ |& ^7 U1 _- w8 V' P
M/ i2 C+ M! @ S; B IInternational Governmental Action
; z4 T5 P# l. Q* n( k; e 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations3 q Q7 E* b8 Y0 ]7 P
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! x; C# l) Q t ]: C- _" F+ g! U
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ r/ ]0 I5 G6 @+ J
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
2 r' [5 H* G0 u8 } 155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 b7 g! k7 N$ T- w1 o
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* o7 {6 E2 H8 w) m/ o 157. Expulsion from international organizations
& r0 S" V4 e; c; X5 v3 ~ {
9 r. r, y& c7 P$ v K6 F |7 i% y% R$ A. Z. C) d
L7 d$ }5 i$ o7 E0 p
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION; }" X3 H5 O' z; V$ N+ X$ P0 H5 z
c- m: y" W* z \' ^
; C, B4 M# g* Z$ t! R# y* l! XPsychological Intervention3 Z9 H7 x$ |' {3 r' l' s4 r& @% U7 e+ k. ~
158. Self-exposure to the elements
h" ]! l0 b" x; ?1 t 159. The fast
k" l e1 w) @$ Q# G3 _ a) Fast of moral pressure
( l i1 s, c1 }. c b) Hunger strike# W, h) S! C4 z- w; Z* s4 i" q
c) Satyagrahic fast& i V* a j# k/ S' ^% J; O
160. Reverse trial
5 z; {! Z1 ]. [ Y 161. Nonviolent harassment
u% g* u6 k: c$ f+ X4 E5 ~5 D4 \5 ~! i9 V# H/ s6 J) y" B0 U
Physical Intervention/ v1 l" t1 F: B0 c5 k& I" h) }
162. Sit-in& l$ L4 _# S P4 q, Z9 S
163. Stand-in
: n) u4 v# M5 `6 g( f0 D) Z" O 164. Ride-in/ M0 t7 [6 s2 I& W, O% B( s% [
165. Wade-in+ a+ P! _$ M1 S9 [# w! Z5 q- _
166. Mill-in
1 C9 O) f# x7 D( w+ m9 s1 | 167. Pray-in9 H& G2 G) ]/ a2 ?
168. Nonviolent raids, Q' S# c7 D$ L: P
169. Nonviolent air raids2 @4 j% ?( e! e. U, h
170. Nonviolent invasion; o2 q7 ]" y( p3 c* a, _
171. Nonviolent interjection0 ]2 `6 k0 w! x+ \7 B7 e- y
172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 v+ V" c& n ~+ [! N 173. Nonviolent occupation" S5 {% n4 O7 p
2 F3 ?' c- k% Q& ISocial Intervention
! B- S, X1 h% A; `: t 174. Establishing new social patterns0 g8 G% Z1 m! p6 [. ]" b9 J) x& d* M
175. Overloading of facilities+ o+ g, l! G/ u3 F. w: _; c+ L! ^4 F
176. Stall-in
( ]+ c9 _% E t& H9 \. \ 177. Speak-in7 C% x+ o0 H, h. p3 n
178. Guerrilla theater
2 P# S+ Y2 C5 b4 Y 179. Alternative social institutions7 h8 e7 W0 q8 u9 P. ~" o
180. Alternative communication system/ a# F' V! y2 \, H3 s1 W' F, m
+ M! _+ O$ N+ e( i) JEconomic Intervention
( ^8 f% b2 ~3 S 181. Reverse strike8 I/ `1 b, B' ~3 V' J
182. Stay-in strike0 w7 u# ]! N- m
183. Nonviolent land seizure: T6 F- p6 f* ^4 a6 O! a( z; o. A
184. Defiance of blockades8 J! s; y) \9 c& a& h- v9 a
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& S( G `. K2 d, X 186. Preclusive purchasing( S. p$ e/ {% C$ m9 Q
187. Seizure of assets/ P5 A, i! @: b% R
188. Dumping. L" c0 A& ~5 L. t& q; N$ M
189. Selective patronage; F5 H1 _$ V1 a7 m1 ?* L
190. Alternative markets
3 t* ^8 r) {! \& x* y 191. Alternative transportation systems/ a! v1 i5 A" e
192. Alternative economic institutions3 \ W1 t" T# Z" s7 m* M
- e: P9 ^* b( B8 G: m' R/ s, ePolitical Intervention
/ s* Y: s" J7 {: m5 k2 x" {" L 193. Overloading of administrative systems' X2 P) q& a% Z6 |5 B/ S1 w& [0 j
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ ~3 {' \* X( C+ X5 l1 E* M" ^7 g
195. Seeking imprisonment
0 [5 n3 \* y/ n' P% E9 f; _! Z 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* X# q" Q) i; t; y
197. Work-on without collaboration M3 F# ~0 V& L( c
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government6 Z" O/ J N, Y9 I( R% m2 F
) e1 k' d* P; Q$ f
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
