 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( @7 [" E0 a: T8 K* D% r# \Formal Statements
* P$ D' F! X1 f; Y+ A 1. Public Speeches: A1 x0 |4 B+ z$ s7 R
2. Letters of opposition or support
. Z4 k- Q5 ^0 a0 \ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. T7 Q; c4 c2 H& W& {. b 4. Signed public statements. Y" R5 C1 i( t, y2 e* b
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 E3 ?: q$ a- F2 y- x) l 6. Group or mass petitions' C$ m* Q9 l8 T$ G. B
$ q, D0 i5 W$ x7 f0 j0 |7 c2 M- ZCommunications with a Wider Audience
8 }7 D/ K) b4 X8 {- Z- P9 N, z J 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. K: l) T7 \& G/ o2 k& A
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 @" l* ~$ Q) ]5 N' n$ ` e 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
9 j7 E- g7 l/ w 10. Newspapers and journals
1 V! E" _1 V! _6 D6 H1 }, R+ { 11. Records, radio, and television
4 x8 i% ]! y+ @; g, S/ S 12. Skywriting and earthwriting. V- _9 C& r: B4 i& j
/ W5 X8 L( C3 }# R
Group Representations
8 g) w9 @0 Z0 |7 _ 13. Deputations
6 B, Y, }; q; n7 q 14. Mock awards0 E" y$ ^) t) i/ U
15. Group lobbying' D$ |. [3 f# Y" J( Y% E* k
16. Picketing
- H @5 F5 y% g) q% |8 @ 17. Mock elections8 t/ p0 |3 b. c p
0 u9 z1 V9 D$ p, p2 i
Symbolic Public Acts
; i% q: l8 ^9 ~& H 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors7 p+ H* H" Y {
19. Wearing of symbols7 }; g1 G `3 v' `9 h5 Q" z
20. Prayer and worship8 E9 e- k, l# s* y+ _
21. Delivering symbolic objects; L# O: l, y6 o' B/ u7 P `
22. Protest disrobings! {9 M& P7 l ~' G7 g, V
23. Destruction of own property
, b( n, v4 \. Q3 w4 L: B 24. Symbolic lights
: r7 p6 S0 m6 S7 H) V 25. Displays of portraits
+ \8 W4 j0 I: {* `* a8 C+ } 26. Paint as protest [/ m9 ~* ]3 ?) D4 N7 d$ Y
27. New signs and names# a$ y$ }& {3 k( X( m: J3 |7 P
28. Symbolic sounds. D7 H% P+ @: ^3 T# a! V
29. Symbolic reclamations9 T: W/ ~( s+ P2 W3 p
30. Rude gestures
0 I/ u; w- G. F0 v( B
3 `. z8 d0 N0 s/ ~& J0 |3 MPressures on Individuals
. W5 t6 o/ r+ Q* v( |/ S 31. “Haunting” officials9 ^1 Q1 I7 H; T. ~: h D
32. Taunting officials! o6 l$ z0 }2 U# w* o) Q1 d
33. Fraternization
' S H8 z# H* \) u* N/ e& F% D 34. Vigils
/ Q* F& X# u# g- V
6 {) s% U$ C+ X. m6 b; _" hDrama and Music
& m$ W7 @4 J% g8 s) F 35. Humorous skits and pranks
, Y' \4 O* c' `+ b5 E) E& A+ l+ O/ V 36. Performances of plays and music/ k7 U& h8 q2 j. q$ E
37. Singing
# g* `- U" {, L3 j9 ^
6 c- Q& v% b- R1 j' J7 HProcessions6 n5 a K) |7 }( O8 S! G
38. Marches1 j. y; A' _. V/ K
39. Parades1 C2 _3 L6 ?) ]: _% _$ W
40. Religious processions
8 K Z) k7 z( g. k3 f7 d" P, e 41. Pilgrimages- A+ Z( C4 P* }: D' o8 A
42. Motorcades/ H8 s4 m8 j$ |. c7 N
2 _' v+ ]( E; R! j- y. X U3 N' mHonoring the Dead
8 H. @2 k* @! {. a. ^ 43. Political mourning
% ^1 v$ {+ `7 O% H1 t+ Z1 ~1 c: R 44. Mock funerals2 v) [% s9 [/ \9 g& |* [
45. Demonstrative funerals
' z3 z8 x) o4 t 46. Homage at burial places5 O$ o( {! G6 P
8 j! N5 ?0 M: l" o. ^Public Assemblies
5 J6 f4 C8 `1 G1 @9 m) v! t 47. Assemblies of protest or support6 x( e) d* X. ?2 r
48. Protest meetings
0 D d" q2 K6 a$ d5 j$ W 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
* { |6 P2 s3 }! o7 o 50. Teach-ins m/ R- a7 ]' x) p5 [$ y: ~
. ?) B& W0 ]4 g( j+ c6 c, gWithdrawal and Renunciation
2 |. b6 ^; Z* B 51. Walk-outs
6 m, s. X q4 E. N" |* F. o- A 52. Silence8 D/ H! `3 {9 U" H3 ~" v3 @
53. Renouncing honors
! S1 G- y6 O! s3 t8 z 54. Turning one’s back2 {: I: f K3 d
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@6 m, M2 x& G" A$ W* I
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 h# G# z# h* o. r( j! u* w+ U
8 Q7 Z. c( T% s$ ?0 Y$ o, e1 Z5 EOstracism of Persons5 c8 M+ b: N1 r" z$ W% }+ p- \1 w
55. Social boycott) x% c0 L4 y# B, }" e3 J: Y9 h% {
56. Selective social boycott8 z6 M! A% I/ D- H( G8 }' N) b) t
57. Lysistratic nonaction
3 _. `/ T# i* H2 Y9 ?2 N% O 58. Excommunication' Z; k, K( Q6 L% h$ x+ ]
59. Interdict
, o7 F% u; Z/ u& Y; J0 P7 h* y: e# C5 I# E$ K# t
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 @) T4 h& u/ w! w 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
) J# L8 J- _* w 61. Boycott of social affairs8 u7 ^8 P- J, [5 y0 T+ k
62. Student strike
( ^( m& p0 E& |( x 63. Social disobedience
9 e+ }7 ]# d& {0 x 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
n: z6 K( u6 Z4 a9 d# A& ~0 K2 b8 b
0 J( V2 ]7 K8 \: n# z2 NWithdrawal from the Social System$ E4 d; }4 V% \1 m P6 l
65. Stay-at-home# V l. C; @' D8 U9 j
66. Total personal noncooperation# v7 `9 ~" I- C( ]
67. “Flight” of workers
^! u7 U( H! {. O. a 68. Sanctuary
0 ]4 v! t; b! n4 P# I 69. Collective disappearance& q6 P! b& Q; \: K$ |! P
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
8 q" K( w% f& X. C6 G; |4 I: u: N7 [/ C$ ?
* U k& Q' G! B+ A: j
2 {& V/ `3 u" Y5 l7 X' S0 X; BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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2 T* m$ W4 B6 b. G6 G( y: i2 R/ f9 j# g) jActions by Consumers
: {) O5 ]- u& h# q1 o 71. Consumers’ boycott8 t' d" ]9 r4 y4 |/ z' q
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
K8 {/ l" P! v& w _' Y 73. Policy of austerity: \0 T" Z/ g' d* E) O6 E6 k" H
74. Rent withholding# V& ^/ d& A$ h- U/ R
75. Refusal to rent
% Z# i. C" P3 B! |1 f1 k7 i' w/ H 76. National consumers’ boycott8 U+ a! Y) M2 i9 d% H
77. International consumers’ boycott
- ~; x c0 t; j6 w; D+ |. H+ o% i4 J& b z9 [
Action by Workers and Producers
8 I& A) m i1 O 78. Workmen’s boycott
- G3 [# P# A# U- L 79. Producers’ boycott
) a' @( k. z) j& G6 z/ M0 m
; V; T" h+ s/ ^# bAction by Middlemen
: y7 G1 g- N; Q' b4 D 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 D" [6 P; ]+ L1 B8 K. ~
$ |5 A4 q4 z* S! G. LAction by Owners and Management1 v. j8 M/ F$ g, Q. F; A
81. Traders’ boycott% n3 N; y2 V$ K$ E' M
82. Refusal to let or sell property
5 P- z; |* x! t! i W5 ~6 \ 83. Lockout1 ^$ K% `7 r( j6 C+ V4 q( s9 Z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 g) W0 i! W$ V6 h! y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! s; o1 ^/ V$ e V! k, }% X/ z3 r; S" j3 m+ r' e5 C
Action by Holders of Financial Resources6 r, N1 o: b; `
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
) v4 f% @. M% n9 ^9 L- I6 A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: D O+ Z4 g+ s( j 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
( B, z& u& E( X @3 ?& [0 r9 ^ 89. Severance of funds and credit. _) T( r8 z: r: n0 l
90. Revenue refusal
" L( P0 @& v9 r, _ 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments. e! Y, u) i6 E# |6 v; L1 _
92. Domestic embargo
% x2 W5 l G$ w6 i6 j 93. Blacklisting of traders5 E) |3 _& H# O- c
94. International sellers’ embargo
' Y! Q- L9 U9 e0 b. f6 \0 M 95. International buyers’ embargo+ e$ Q) z! z8 c# C& V! A; B
96. International trade embargo% w5 |# w9 E+ M7 m" X3 T: J
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
; Y4 \. O8 z/ C1 W1 C, Z
" P0 W/ a+ f6 \ % [9 D3 V6 P5 S
Symbolic Strikes
0 t+ W1 u5 R% t: M+ i 97. Protest strike
( Q3 m+ R4 S- `& y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 p" e" X% H! W" U$ @! J; M4 d
* Y: m% o; [1 H! c2 g; r4 c/ e
Agricultural Strikes8 o( g. x" [* D& c
99. Peasant strike# e7 B' U0 U9 {7 n) N! s
100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 Q; m/ y2 ^5 M
$ i( g" o) o* j. nStrikes by Special Groups
& C) Z+ _+ q8 P1 P& g& i. v 101. Refusal of impressed labor0 |1 M, W$ P8 e1 `6 d
102. Prisoners’ strike" W- C6 w9 ]& h2 V% E1 Y
103. Craft strike
! y2 }. k2 C" L9 P 104. Professional strike
3 s' l1 B' t' H1 Q( H: b
0 a4 K3 }: ]& X0 [Ordinary Industrial Strikes
2 W, T k; W+ C9 Y" ` 105. Establishment strike
; [9 ?" y' G! L3 Y' O: J8 Y- P 106. Industry strike3 V3 s) y4 {& x' X
107. Sympathetic strike
I. Y+ ]2 V9 c- P% `
( M- S+ I7 h$ d5 g& ?. x6 hRestricted Strikes
6 Z/ |; Z, v) I- ~2 g 108. Detailed strike
" Q5 E! m( L+ W6 H; t 109. Bumper strike2 @- C& x1 E; X9 e) M/ w
110. Slowdown strike: `- z! o# Y* _8 g6 I, z1 i
111. Working-to-rule strike
9 [9 \1 ?0 w% R2 b: r 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in), T0 H- b0 k+ @$ n* d. G0 p, W- D$ e
113. Strike by resignation
! x. D( N: D: O. j( q9 l/ R 114. Limited strike
/ v+ _& W( {) L3 Z 115. Selective strike3 {' u7 y" U( C3 t; @& S! \/ B( W8 |
' r4 d4 {& X7 ^- s+ W
Multi-Industry Strikes
8 z8 n2 R8 M) n- z5 q/ T* J5 P9 l3 q3 t! h: l9 @6 m0 _, D
116. Generalized strike9 S) u; x: e8 ~; g) N
1 t/ w) [/ ^ R7 I# L' Y. m# d+ j
117. General strike
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. M( u' E1 Z2 u: U A& y- ACombination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 z5 z/ B4 ^ c1 m6 J7 c5 B
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118. Hartal, U& b/ P2 i# ~0 T; k
4 x% o6 c% o/ D; x( o
119. Economic shutdown* q3 g& P8 t5 ^
2 w* k4 M( X6 J( `/ q 9 F, J. x8 _! o5 z m9 v* I: y
8 v: R! q8 Z/ I9 S2 w3 |4 w
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority) h. u5 b3 @5 @9 f
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: [0 }, w. c2 f0 B: R5 H
121. Refusal of public support# K! Z, k; _4 a- }2 V O: j
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 G# k' K2 A$ p' b
7 d+ ?5 e% q$ X- Q; J3 A3 pCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government, Y/ i% _3 v8 p$ J: b
123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 q# h4 X0 l# @' k
124. Boycott of elections1 r6 u" o5 ?8 Y+ H) f+ R$ X
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
8 D, T/ w2 O( ^2 u# n7 |: E 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" X- f8 c( u& u) @
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
5 S/ Z! W1 H3 M2 ^ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 ?; i6 \! v9 A( z7 d
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% b4 B5 z: ?; z D' j 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks/ f( w+ g" V; A! W
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ m9 C/ }3 }8 V2 o
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
% D) r! T& ], }0 M/ f4 m
" t2 s+ j- d* P4 } M5 F. {* _/ @% ^Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience! D9 O2 t( a! f u: ^# L4 X$ q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( ]( n2 h' L4 t& o+ ]# @% O3 ` 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' {, G8 a3 A% J) N, j4 P 135. Popular nonobedience
6 a6 l: E) F- k; q 136. Disguised disobedience
: U) X+ Y( ~; [- t) w, |( \ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, b0 h* @+ r) V, J( y
138. Sitdown7 x: L8 F$ Z. h" b! O3 o
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) `& m) q9 v3 v
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& A, Y/ o" R& W" u2 _ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, J3 v9 W" O% l2 J, A% }2 d6 e$ \+ H
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Action by Government Personnel
) \+ t3 D. g, B$ C4 v$ ? 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. Y5 {/ a; X) C/ b1 }7 S$ J% g
143. Blocking of lines of command and information: r9 e& P# w* ~: H8 p+ v
144. Stalling and obstruction
& b7 q0 N& j0 {; a3 c 145. General administrative noncooperation# |0 r; \! Q2 Z; w8 l* j8 D6 H
. q3 k% a. V" v$ F# S, D- ` l j 146. Judicial noncooperation5 m3 s* x6 E( t* \; k4 L
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( _, }5 B4 J! o1 m) n 148. Mutiny- v; b1 {7 f9 R* V/ w8 }' ?& Z
Domestic Governmental Action" [: k4 d8 L8 p" S( a
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays4 a# z, d! @# v# C
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units1 y3 Z" ^" M" G2 r. A$ g1 m
5 d }! p( t, j. e0 l
International Governmental Action
7 N7 I; h7 q+ r# ^! ?! K 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ A8 u& [, `0 ~ 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! I* f( j" L) o- N. M1 c- L 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ k2 F8 u1 b4 a
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
' d% ^: _; {0 G8 f 155. Withdrawal from international organizations! _/ z, W6 s& i2 a3 w4 k" @6 R! O
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( H/ W4 A% y( q3 n( q 157. Expulsion from international organizations2 _$ T) Y8 [& z C' }: L
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/ X% h) a$ z) wTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION" d% }0 U$ i' ^# G3 D6 G) N
- ^5 i$ l5 Z$ {+ Y% ^' y . L {$ b$ z( E7 ~# ~( c
Psychological Intervention
8 B& G9 @8 j8 F9 s8 M# D8 K" W 158. Self-exposure to the elements3 _/ V9 r6 p' ]5 l/ r
159. The fast
! l1 `4 W. D. ^: J; Z& G8 b a) Fast of moral pressure5 b$ F `9 B( y/ _9 j' c$ Z
b) Hunger strike7 }. W: f. ?2 N) a$ ^6 A. f% p2 R
c) Satyagrahic fast
5 S' ^- H6 M7 O" e) A$ c4 | 160. Reverse trial
& L# r; Z: {8 ~/ {" N" }2 t( u 161. Nonviolent harassment+ ], k/ t/ Y- W9 w- b H; C% i) a' z+ F
4 A& P4 ^$ |. o' ^
Physical Intervention, ~9 _' q* Q V3 Q7 M4 s. j# L: D
162. Sit-in4 \$ B2 p/ n" V
163. Stand-in0 G) z3 c! B1 f' x- c+ S/ I
164. Ride-in$ d L, u3 @7 O7 \, ~' [8 w
165. Wade-in, [0 s3 g* g1 K% W+ z5 g
166. Mill-in
, j1 m3 T7 {. s5 ], T/ e) h 167. Pray-in
+ K: e+ [) g& l& q. s5 u( { | 168. Nonviolent raids: |: a9 A2 f$ x. n/ Y# u+ I8 k0 K X
169. Nonviolent air raids: g H/ l6 {/ S& \- w3 h5 @
170. Nonviolent invasion
+ J( q2 i1 L! i! e 171. Nonviolent interjection0 _) ~# Z* \: O5 z: x) Q9 C
172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 a' h+ @- P! j1 K" X 173. Nonviolent occupation
2 Z- d) ]" b+ p8 A* k6 a3 K% ?# X; A- K8 I$ O0 C, Z
Social Intervention" n& R, _5 l0 @+ H4 F
174. Establishing new social patterns
( _5 b) s a `/ |& r1 c) r7 n* R! L 175. Overloading of facilities q# p. C% G' u
176. Stall-in# t1 B, O3 T5 l" F8 H [
177. Speak-in' \" S$ b' K; q8 q
178. Guerrilla theater
- r* a! b1 ]0 s5 T* b& P8 D 179. Alternative social institutions& N4 u+ W( m8 S
180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
& c3 |4 k3 O' j, k' \% g 181. Reverse strike! x1 X8 f) H% J+ A9 w1 X7 q
182. Stay-in strike
& @9 b! J5 Q, k( U 183. Nonviolent land seizure7 P1 I0 Z7 E% @; r4 x" \
184. Defiance of blockades2 r5 l" T/ ~8 U3 l# [" g
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 P! J' l3 R" N u+ |. v
186. Preclusive purchasing
6 {: |; W; M! I( m6 ^/ l7 V4 G& o 187. Seizure of assets
1 s1 b0 q1 A3 G 188. Dumping
, F' X5 K9 q5 Y6 J' x! _' \ 189. Selective patronage
; v S9 f. ~4 E3 B 190. Alternative markets6 V! B/ f% E' _$ y( i' W3 l
191. Alternative transportation systems s' a, m. _4 C0 P6 s: n4 Y1 l- I
192. Alternative economic institutions
+ \ X1 i m: K( c5 C7 N) x( `. G8 R) n
Political Intervention2 I/ i4 I& k. x% @
193. Overloading of administrative systems+ }: a9 D5 W9 C
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! h* b6 O" K9 I- D+ ~5 f! N 195. Seeking imprisonment
( K* `$ V9 y4 p3 u- Q6 o 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
$ g. D% Z& `2 o" o 197. Work-on without collaboration
0 q$ M$ g+ l$ p) }& U- I9 k m 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) K" v% }6 m0 b; z9 r }
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
