 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- ~4 ~$ A/ B$ R( g6 iFormal Statements2 C1 p# d1 g; L+ T7 B
1. Public Speeches7 o' Y# o# v/ B; l
2. Letters of opposition or support( a+ ^; q+ n+ s' v
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 @& l3 h3 Q( Q3 s. | 4. Signed public statements
. \! x2 L3 a- M! ` 5. Declarations of indictment and intention; d* D, {# I3 d# W
6. Group or mass petitions
9 R( F$ Z. q5 w. \' u" @% h3 O' y9 |8 I" w8 T5 s
Communications with a Wider Audience1 H# [; F5 o) F6 R1 h
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols: K' U% X4 i A5 |
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' M' E2 o- l) J" u5 Q K/ Q- d% f
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books: N4 c D# K4 o' _( q/ a
10. Newspapers and journals, `! @3 t2 |) q; ?
11. Records, radio, and television
( W8 n! A! E; M) U1 J 12. Skywriting and earthwriting. U9 B( |; ~' o
3 a! c- {) P& M" HGroup Representations7 _& I' A$ [9 T& O' P
13. Deputations& A) g$ }8 r# P8 Z" J C
14. Mock awards6 N# P- X/ o, S9 W# g% i
15. Group lobbying
4 C6 Y& S) f; f3 v 16. Picketing2 J8 q/ e5 C1 k- }
17. Mock elections1 l. v# B' q1 w
% k0 ^3 w7 j. S8 b' g0 d
Symbolic Public Acts
9 ^9 _$ z' x2 n; ^) Z( R' o 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors! P: {) W g9 R1 O" u k
19. Wearing of symbols' s' N: d5 w, c, n/ r) |, c
20. Prayer and worship
+ F' n5 v' p' O: l1 [! |* W7 [5 r 21. Delivering symbolic objects6 Z; T8 J- n; ~! [5 v& o+ r
22. Protest disrobings* m! W* a" q) ]1 p& x
23. Destruction of own property, Y+ |6 A, x/ g+ h( [) `1 T& j
24. Symbolic lights+ x6 g, ^$ \. z+ u: w0 K$ d
25. Displays of portraits
; q! W2 A) }1 Y# f9 J 26. Paint as protest
0 W* \' j2 }2 g* f% k 27. New signs and names
* c; z; Y" N. i* q 28. Symbolic sounds* W( ?/ s4 N( t. Y$ f e, i9 k
29. Symbolic reclamations( o' |) y7 Y( O/ E
30. Rude gestures" N/ X3 m! Q' u
) j6 {& v1 j" `; }3 W: j% p
Pressures on Individuals9 c% h) n: c% \# u
31. “Haunting” officials
% E! k( J7 w& c; a 32. Taunting officials
. m9 c( W6 W- H$ w# U 33. Fraternization
0 C0 {) i/ F- \$ A, p 34. Vigils0 C8 x& U; J3 ^( f
# w. j# v% C' O. h6 MDrama and Music
# _/ `& E2 s; T7 {* Z# @- T0 u 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ k. q1 ?1 i9 y2 ?6 e- }9 g 36. Performances of plays and music
8 v& N& l" |4 a3 K* U* d) R 37. Singing
, P" W" L* c/ P3 Y% c8 d0 i' t9 m% t$ P( }7 ~6 }* m2 w
Processions
$ M, p3 p# `2 J- s0 T) T$ g0 z( v 38. Marches
- H4 S3 @# s* e! S" s. S 39. Parades
# g6 e; R6 B2 g; ]2 D8 @ 40. Religious processions
4 f2 f3 I7 s* C/ N5 a& R 41. Pilgrimages. n2 Y0 Q$ b; e* d6 M
42. Motorcades1 H- l, J$ H6 i+ a: ^7 G2 J. q
7 G# r& H8 y9 K6 j8 J6 t# k# T( G
Honoring the Dead* _% I' f' v! K& g( w! R
43. Political mourning
. q5 q( T5 w) k* k/ D% F) S6 h4 j 44. Mock funerals; M/ o+ K; ]& q8 E! v0 T. K
45. Demonstrative funerals+ i& f- |$ | m( b$ O
46. Homage at burial places
! ^, u$ k4 L7 i! @/ B7 I( f1 q' W' ?1 ]; Y( R
Public Assemblies- x/ {1 M! Y0 S* F6 @- S* F
47. Assemblies of protest or support
* t& h) c, |& m- p5 d9 c2 n, r 48. Protest meetings- X8 |$ N$ C; m. d
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! F/ _& G3 r- T7 w: W( r4 H 50. Teach-ins6 M0 a7 C4 Q+ Z; P9 R
4 m9 o1 c8 n$ a8 y( sWithdrawal and Renunciation7 U- _. v3 I* L3 U9 k; s, @( a2 c8 W
51. Walk-outs+ H$ K5 k; |/ C/ @4 i1 B
52. Silence
9 S* F4 U$ `+ o% H. Z9 ^2 ] 53. Renouncing honors6 o; k2 ?( E0 k
54. Turning one’s back; f7 p6 j5 l% z( C$ I
* \9 F% l( G Z$ d
" b! r3 T+ \$ @% g5 y
3 {; A- H( x0 k/ uTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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& L8 s: Q0 T) L% l8 u, _$ M $ p/ ~1 y$ P0 ~# F! ^1 ~
4 T2 S" k' Q: [) P/ z# s! POstracism of Persons
6 o, U& t' A# G7 n9 N5 C 55. Social boycott
3 Y4 w) W( T3 z 56. Selective social boycott
* ?) W" G/ |, T8 [, b' G2 Z' o, Z7 c 57. Lysistratic nonaction
: T% X0 `) H4 e 58. Excommunication' r, U6 x4 l0 D8 A( B: x' H0 M
59. Interdict
0 X! [: P) s% p4 _$ t6 j+ P" Z' z- _# r1 e
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
, B5 N9 ^( I& n1 {6 M" K( b8 O 60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 d7 o4 l) r4 L6 E5 `- F" f
61. Boycott of social affairs
+ S1 Z1 X9 P! w 62. Student strike
' J4 ^( g6 j7 V/ }% U 63. Social disobedience
7 W- I7 k+ y* _ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
( {% d0 U6 r6 D S9 |1 C; b* P; Z4 F+ C( r6 Y# `1 J b
Withdrawal from the Social System" f/ `# @5 i; C3 b
65. Stay-at-home9 {9 I" `( q" z/ @: G/ X9 E5 w8 V
66. Total personal noncooperation
" i( X0 [1 M: k$ b2 I! `# H) v 67. “Flight” of workers: m P% B, l" ]% \ N j" f
68. Sanctuary% f% v2 u' _) ^9 `* }8 i
69. Collective disappearance
8 O" S& [. j$ G4 U 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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2 i/ q6 @4 |7 t* ?1 v; _( H7 ~- W; r1 \2 B O
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
! F: {7 P$ J% U2 h! B+ o; {8 r
8 e4 ~: g( F4 e& p8 u( D # E2 X I* Q* G) ?2 s
Actions by Consumers
0 g( e. U# d" U 71. Consumers’ boycott
& R* v* R7 i( A4 s1 P1 |9 H1 X 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) p! O8 N: B4 o) s" V* x4 {# Q 73. Policy of austerity
1 C' j3 s1 C5 h* ^ 74. Rent withholding' } b: R3 l: z" ?2 [% K- n% d
75. Refusal to rent0 l# M r0 w; U8 m) w
76. National consumers’ boycott
3 t1 Y) Y3 P* c3 c, x/ [2 r 77. International consumers’ boycott
' B b3 L: {$ u; W5 z6 Z: e2 \8 k8 c U/ X
Action by Workers and Producers- Y7 g! ]9 p- P6 y" c& p+ i
78. Workmen’s boycott1 @( P) b7 R v1 a& {2 J6 y
79. Producers’ boycott0 g% V: X# e1 d3 l$ B* v9 n
& G# K! M p; ?0 } f! tAction by Middlemen4 b. Z @! `3 {4 ]0 Z; v
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- T7 ?+ h5 t7 t9 Q
) C/ L. W2 e0 S5 X
Action by Owners and Management$ p# ?; J6 S7 V' k1 n, V
81. Traders’ boycott& c' J' y, ]& _% |& ^. q/ t. |
82. Refusal to let or sell property
$ ?& q. e% I# v 83. Lockout% h% n, E9 D# a) o
84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 U3 F; ~* _: j- }2 k+ [* e( q" l
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 G- m6 G% k( j
# e) X( u0 F1 MAction by Holders of Financial Resources
6 q3 o) O3 C) I2 H$ Y8 B! D 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ {; H; [# l9 G- T8 a' ]2 O6 M$ `2 f 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; _- B2 U' f# \2 O& y$ s; A2 x
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
: T5 G7 y, A& P8 G 89. Severance of funds and credit
5 _2 n& p* e8 j3 N6 N* S 90. Revenue refusal
. c3 o- z+ Z0 }( T: f. i' X& K4 X# B 91. Refusal of a government’s money' ] K' a: r% V; F
- z) ?8 [5 H! mAction by Governments/ n$ a; s3 m# l8 B! M4 }$ P# U
92. Domestic embargo& Y) v) b: k& w/ h% C9 g! F
93. Blacklisting of traders5 s7 F0 R1 O7 X. J
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 W2 k8 r$ t# k& |* @/ F' N 95. International buyers’ embargo, s" P3 G+ b; f5 r2 Q; ^! T
96. International trade embargo
3 ?( W& r6 z! J! [0 E( S& G3 {) I0 i! M1 }0 B, ^
( K' h% q( w/ V/ `6 t- V4 O* @# Y3 D7 t
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 T+ V" v \! W* P! a2 ]& }- _
- d% ^9 o. l' W! I3 K1 g$ P5 A ) _+ S, K2 \$ T
Symbolic Strikes
- ~, ] W: V E. q2 Y; L 97. Protest strike
( ?* G. S) n+ q9 r* s: T% u0 T( N 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 h( P% i$ T* ^+ M) q! K: |
1 p$ k. m# x# c/ _( g
Agricultural Strikes/ M7 A4 ~( T8 z# o6 C
99. Peasant strike
% J% `4 x- ~; Q1 H& b 100. Farm Workers’ strike8 K4 h. m" ], _1 ~1 \8 o
6 H( |9 k1 z6 h/ pStrikes by Special Groups
' D( j; b* a M 101. Refusal of impressed labor" |3 Z& y5 X2 n$ b3 K& @
102. Prisoners’ strike/ I4 Z- j# V" O. x
103. Craft strike
2 J7 I" H: h9 D' J 104. Professional strike: U) k: p2 ]" j" |" Y; o
9 F; Y6 s4 S, n+ \7 M: c; Q+ [" _$ i/ `
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
. W$ T" s$ f6 ?8 M, U 105. Establishment strike
9 _# ~* _" A4 B; d' M6 f( \ 106. Industry strike/ k7 B1 T7 P2 V4 Q+ f0 s
107. Sympathetic strike# C4 \# H2 @4 J( _+ r
- K: m# [/ A5 A0 U# f3 yRestricted Strikes* P! R% J0 M% p1 e# L
108. Detailed strike7 n! F+ ]1 M2 C) e5 K- }+ `
109. Bumper strike
! a3 Z8 [8 c0 _: q" e 110. Slowdown strike) }9 a4 H* g0 a7 _$ t; T
111. Working-to-rule strike; Z5 l8 L0 y A7 Z% A/ _
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 W5 g$ S8 o- W" X2 B
113. Strike by resignation# s) q* f- C5 y4 R- Z
114. Limited strike
2 ^3 e) x( |$ ~* { 115. Selective strike6 }4 I! w# y0 k& O
, {0 R) p0 `: a( Y1 \/ [
Multi-Industry Strikes
2 _) p! \# P/ R2 s6 ~+ s- P4 d; q, }. q! Z1 y9 d& A8 Q( W
116. Generalized strike3 G T, I4 ^0 X! N; m
4 @1 X; I' L8 G! ^: u 117. General strike
; f# M4 N0 |. S B, N0 S" N% P$ J% Z/ x( |
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures: q6 g7 m1 d+ y2 ~, c) m/ h
, n: m; t t1 ]( q, K* m9 [. \ 118. Hartal
M! X E- d/ {4 Y b2 _" n3 _0 L- x* J1 M3 ]8 Q9 ~3 S9 ]
119. Economic shutdown
" [ m$ y4 z# N; p& a8 y
& K+ N' D$ r5 I% g6 L / x a" U7 ~5 i# C7 ?5 u7 n
: g5 Q5 O5 b+ } k4 D: _' mTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# x, Y& s& G0 S9 h6 O
: u6 X6 F: p% |* P' O: _ " Z1 {2 [4 K% u
Rejection of Authority& T- \) y3 Q5 Y# R5 Q- [9 ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) a3 U! w2 G& R7 k [/ p
121. Refusal of public support7 @: c, q6 Q7 ]1 o# u! m
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance0 o: q, Y7 Q3 m& N: U j
1 I6 X7 D* @. d; e1 H4 L" NCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 R6 I& k9 h' @: `, ~ c
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# i& c# p1 E& ^ 124. Boycott of elections
/ y3 a, T. Q! G5 p2 o/ F7 I 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
2 Z( Q6 N7 O4 \% l 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- B$ z0 O) e. O) j 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions5 K: o+ E! W6 Z5 ]
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 ]) C3 K- s/ v) i+ k. O 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 L: i/ B. _% O" r. }
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# Y2 V* w/ N) z6 m- E0 g6 S1 q
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
9 U# `+ Z( @0 Y: d8 |7 o 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
7 o; u- U+ Y8 J. s2 f/ q% y' K' }) M/ ~' X9 E
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
1 k1 W) V* W# Q5 h! K0 K4 b 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
8 d# I8 S, x+ D5 V 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
( b3 z* A3 t+ n( c$ ?" B 135. Popular nonobedience) q' e: ~, A t5 f
136. Disguised disobedience/ k! w1 F8 x" |
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. j' c$ o' E" c, ^! l; u5 ~ 138. Sitdown
. w4 ~, ]6 ^1 H( V7 C5 t9 \8 G0 g. v 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
! N0 [$ f$ ^" r 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! b& K$ q9 K5 ]2 Z% V+ H5 y7 Q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
5 E- C0 E' d0 q- c8 A6 X$ f' s/ p, d6 }5 l- R
Action by Government Personnel
9 i9 j; r9 e- D; w, T- P5 _ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides1 u9 F* c0 q, ^6 } }$ w u
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
2 W( r$ J1 b. Z! H1 c8 d 144. Stalling and obstruction
+ @9 u( R3 z; ]1 z$ p O( s4 b 145. General administrative noncooperation
8 Q; R9 [$ `( @, |. U( `7 M" N# m9 q
146. Judicial noncooperation3 C+ i% J, H/ K5 X' `$ h
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
3 Z: X, q# \0 W, p5 _- z 148. Mutiny- Q' y8 e" B, w8 M# p; v" L
Domestic Governmental Action8 y6 C; a/ B2 {/ }: \5 }
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays& \' v% E- Z, y6 {
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ n: V( s& e4 i; e b! o; Z& z' w$ Z0 ~/ b. f$ ~) A
International Governmental Action
. t% t j* Q5 a; q4 ~ 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: [" V, X- i5 M& ]
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; s8 h" T# E/ u$ C( U
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
J; x, ^# _0 ?$ F( W 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
$ h X9 z# ? `) |# \) T. m 155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 k3 s. Q8 c, N( y# t& m3 E
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 j0 S1 w G8 C) L/ W7 v$ D3 Y 157. Expulsion from international organizations
9 G3 {" N6 V& e% ~ j/ }8 \# z4 T+ {" D5 C' z M0 _, N* D
. y) n4 J* r6 w9 m" _4 x% S3 z9 t
- ` B6 _ b1 ?0 |THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
; Z/ [" @3 o9 y, {& S/ M$ i" a3 B# g1 [( I
, W3 E) S* N2 s3 GPsychological Intervention' w+ }# L3 S \2 m% R6 I- V2 B
158. Self-exposure to the elements
4 a+ }8 m: ~6 @' `9 R 159. The fast5 a- ]7 P, X! _. X) t2 u$ E
a) Fast of moral pressure4 g& J& ^8 m, s- P/ o
b) Hunger strike: O! F. t/ X: a7 b
c) Satyagrahic fast8 E! U. w5 ^: u1 b( n7 g& k
160. Reverse trial1 v- G) ?. e1 A" o6 v$ i
161. Nonviolent harassment
) j4 W7 z9 p& c1 z, [. G3 ]6 w }' K3 h! j; M, t7 E' w
Physical Intervention
: n7 c/ J) B7 l6 k7 N4 ?( D+ } 162. Sit-in
3 s9 S; I, _; Z 163. Stand-in- ] o; C" ?! C% N$ I2 c
164. Ride-in. l5 P4 J2 F+ b! w( c( X
165. Wade-in
# R/ s$ Z/ g, H F1 V 166. Mill-in
7 Q' P$ q8 Z5 p 167. Pray-in4 L" ^2 C+ v, M9 f
168. Nonviolent raids$ x; a1 x4 u4 ]& D
169. Nonviolent air raids( X, G3 g2 U$ d; |; y, f; ^
170. Nonviolent invasion; W9 ~6 p; g! q' M
171. Nonviolent interjection
# L) F- A A1 h0 P; ]9 k$ u 172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ @ u# F$ f+ h# S 173. Nonviolent occupation
. ^( d% [9 N: Z5 b, g; {4 H
! N: I y' u8 y4 L/ { D) R7 kSocial Intervention; g& J4 L6 Z, v3 {$ N
174. Establishing new social patterns8 s/ T$ \& c' K1 V4 Z
175. Overloading of facilities
- X# m i- ?$ [ 176. Stall-in; L0 F, j; d; V
177. Speak-in/ a& C" W. H B0 C
178. Guerrilla theater6 j5 }, k% I8 u/ x
179. Alternative social institutions
5 g7 r" F# ^0 f5 f 180. Alternative communication system
: a6 K* \$ g7 }! N$ ~. s3 S2 o* b3 P( m/ j
Economic Intervention
8 r8 Y( O E6 S3 Z 181. Reverse strike# v- x$ p& ]; }2 O& d
182. Stay-in strike! G- T5 _1 B: Z! t& m
183. Nonviolent land seizure
6 G& g" c* g* _) d; ^9 w 184. Defiance of blockades
. o1 N( d8 T0 p 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
V; T! Q1 ]3 M; x$ Y/ Y2 } 186. Preclusive purchasing
: W( S0 s2 y* J4 b 187. Seizure of assets9 U( X+ ] P9 D9 P
188. Dumping8 T2 X- I" T* c' S5 w3 n
189. Selective patronage1 }, Q2 K; Q, ^" O
190. Alternative markets
9 _' R& Q( X, g4 L& v; u9 L 191. Alternative transportation systems9 ?; z1 W9 X4 R) [
192. Alternative economic institutions& \* x1 a9 t9 c" ^$ \7 y7 G4 D
2 u- n3 I$ I3 l
Political Intervention' O& V+ f* |* r* b
193. Overloading of administrative systems
6 b* \# g3 `! F3 v5 Z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 w0 p, b a7 f m1 ~) ?+ M4 b
195. Seeking imprisonment. |& E) b L: U9 d% v
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
2 A/ X% N% e& Y1 U 197. Work-on without collaboration8 m0 L; ]* o4 c5 E: @$ p8 R; G
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government+ c9 Y1 X. {5 ]. ~; a6 F5 ~4 k6 t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
