 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 ]! F5 d- ~9 q% f. z# E5 R+ E7 E
Formal Statements
8 \$ {/ e6 ]( P6 u 1. Public Speeches8 P1 A# ~" J6 W5 K
2. Letters of opposition or support
8 k7 C% R& n( T0 ]) [ v 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( g6 G; k) q7 d5 L# i/ I: m; p. H
4. Signed public statements( `) K; _) \' J, K- I
5. Declarations of indictment and intention$ B7 w/ q8 l- ?- _" b" L
6. Group or mass petitions
Y L3 p* R7 L0 @* Q7 D! l, A7 U$ V
Communications with a Wider Audience9 D* L8 k1 h) c& f$ J3 U5 p6 h: L% C
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- r7 }, ?/ L2 X6 R/ n* j I 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 I% P/ S3 K" T% g2 y }" x
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* g) z" e6 G3 @: }9 q 10. Newspapers and journals. C6 e4 }/ V! `6 M
11. Records, radio, and television
8 ~+ t/ Q( b% @ M+ I1 z t5 b' ] 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 V4 M1 E, u7 B) K" S7 @3 X1 M8 y/ n* O. Q. u9 d
Group Representations
8 g9 F8 Y* f, ^8 E( r6 G; Q2 d* Z 13. Deputations) T, v+ i% Q# @
14. Mock awards. t0 l. v/ t. C& q% V9 f
15. Group lobbying
q4 {) G2 _4 j; @ 16. Picketing4 ?$ S; ~4 \9 N& f, F
17. Mock elections
; i1 D5 A2 C" \4 k( o o
; n5 r% v$ r2 Y* l# Z+ pSymbolic Public Acts
6 @, A* i& g, |# M) A. @ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 v4 F1 ]9 y! t3 v) I( ~
19. Wearing of symbols5 I1 x; w/ y( ~) y; M
20. Prayer and worship
. [3 S) w2 V2 ^ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
/ l, [ P- _( d/ U 22. Protest disrobings/ n" p' s! ]- Z! b5 m3 [
23. Destruction of own property; n# U2 ]0 Y% I; M' N) v: `
24. Symbolic lights4 D) u' ~. X; S" w! Y
25. Displays of portraits
. [3 s2 J* U- C' Y4 ^; K9 L" S4 e 26. Paint as protest
' a! W- D# w0 u" m# I 27. New signs and names
3 X9 O. S) N; {$ A5 p$ W 28. Symbolic sounds3 ~0 s# W: P, }
29. Symbolic reclamations! F! T- D. a8 T" E! d+ I
30. Rude gestures
% h* A7 U4 Q$ ]) J) K( e
, m$ V' z- E, |6 PPressures on Individuals" T9 H" [- }- g1 J1 X
31. “Haunting” officials1 e7 W3 o+ r# U4 l. ~
32. Taunting officials
4 i6 L7 b/ ~* n# x, x! L3 L 33. Fraternization2 I1 l% }- A% A+ A
34. Vigils3 ?5 e \. o% p" A% e
6 h, m- q+ |0 s) f$ p! h
Drama and Music$ N2 w& v. r6 ^' O( ?
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ k. F0 F( l+ m
36. Performances of plays and music
+ Y8 F. ^& {0 x3 n' h 37. Singing
7 k: m; m5 q+ X1 Y. r' ~" I: ]% Q
! U; x5 ?/ x: Y1 I) WProcessions$ u. j, |/ p+ F. f
38. Marches) S8 m' ~2 q5 K2 f+ S
39. Parades' w6 M5 }6 Q: O* Z4 L8 W
40. Religious processions
% G" E2 Y+ J2 I# ]- t6 Y/ j% g 41. Pilgrimages
) a6 A) V" N: G0 f- ~8 z 42. Motorcades1 P' r* ]: T. B6 J& P) e8 @" K8 s
: L1 O* o& e; ?6 x
Honoring the Dead
, j( b1 j$ I. F; i) T4 I U; G 43. Political mourning
/ Q1 c, M( `( f! [( k 44. Mock funerals
! R3 a, k+ ~* [- Y4 H- h8 c 45. Demonstrative funerals8 Q/ z7 }2 d: i9 j- R* w" T
46. Homage at burial places9 s" c8 w. s/ b; z
7 v; c1 u8 N5 ^& ^5 oPublic Assemblies! |& ]4 v% ~6 ~% k% \9 o5 \
47. Assemblies of protest or support* a$ F# U0 j- v* u, C: j& t
48. Protest meetings
0 A( o8 w: J, z: X* ] s( O 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 B' P$ W7 R/ x! O$ Q) \9 E* r [
50. Teach-ins' q% L g4 r( J3 S5 k1 B
7 U& l$ i* Z$ T- G3 KWithdrawal and Renunciation8 [4 V; k% l: r0 Y6 `/ a$ l; Y
51. Walk-outs
+ q$ w, F$ a, _% B+ m 52. Silence
, c/ h( d0 f: S7 x! p7 p 53. Renouncing honors
5 M1 e4 @2 [5 [& |9 a- F5 u8 R3 E 54. Turning one’s back9 q! n! u% q; A2 f+ c' J7 f
7 W1 u4 \0 \- O( G/ p
% C/ O7 u- k0 k0 P3 @, o, f \% {: A$ z) w: s- l9 T# G7 l
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 S- J4 [ O$ G5 a& \) y8 X
0 s$ I0 a& ]) u" b+ ^% K7 O9 X) y/ a
! r0 m4 H& T1 I' ]9 D6 `0 m7 ^0 H( d) X
Ostracism of Persons0 N2 k. j0 \; n, x4 s5 k- e, X
55. Social boycott4 q9 Z( m9 e" \6 i, l' U3 K
56. Selective social boycott
5 ]) y. {* `; n" C. n 57. Lysistratic nonaction
! V3 }( I& L1 R 58. Excommunication
7 Y7 a$ ?6 a* b% o: s3 @2 Q 59. Interdict5 g- P& C j+ b6 @' Q3 z' ~! n
6 t" x, u' y8 g# B8 a! ^Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
" Z+ l0 p8 S' K* `: E7 f' b7 s 60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 `. k4 ?* H7 o- l$ V
61. Boycott of social affairs+ ]! V. M7 e* X- m, ~, F8 O
62. Student strike4 P: j2 i4 `+ f$ c0 H. c1 Z2 p6 Q
63. Social disobedience Y+ L8 e0 U7 }2 {; Q5 [6 Y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' T8 A. |5 I* D; _3 L, }
, @! ^6 Y0 m4 \ H. oWithdrawal from the Social System
* a% s2 ~% [, e) H 65. Stay-at-home
1 o, Q( D' D( _" v9 Q) B) g1 h4 s 66. Total personal noncooperation* U$ x0 @9 [+ f7 ]. x8 h: f. g& j
67. “Flight” of workers: Z" {# @3 T, v7 O6 H9 Q- A; q
68. Sanctuary
+ D. ~" p, z) |+ n$ F3 _4 m& H# j( c 69. Collective disappearance
Z. X/ ]# t! S# U3 X 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
) h+ K% W7 j _. _+ \, G2 Z/ [
9 @5 p# y* O' V+ J: ~ Y, S0 ^
( k2 z7 G# j3 G5 H- F5 l0 t: X+ ]$ {4 \6 ?
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ q+ S6 |" d0 P8 p1 w9 J% R Q9 V% ?
% h6 t& h/ N! y k- o1 H ; s0 r/ \: z8 u7 M' T3 m$ w/ I
Actions by Consumers, o V2 @. `' L; _/ l
71. Consumers’ boycott" Z2 B2 ]8 w! P7 d/ O
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods% d. t6 F) j5 }! m. r
73. Policy of austerity
V) d+ t8 l# P2 I+ R 74. Rent withholding
3 p/ z6 m* Q& R1 s' i 75. Refusal to rent) m4 o T! q/ r5 L2 @
76. National consumers’ boycott
' r6 Z6 _" z K I9 e/ p 77. International consumers’ boycott2 W3 s! ~' G: z1 T. v" c
) Y8 f! Q3 p+ M: T4 u% {, A" B, gAction by Workers and Producers$ \6 ~+ M6 F9 M* ~+ b. B G
78. Workmen’s boycott
; h0 K4 v" k @$ j. a 79. Producers’ boycott
/ \6 W/ b% M& S) S0 Q, }; F; t. u, m: a3 @9 j! V- i6 y2 U
Action by Middlemen
; u' C- Y* n5 n2 a. g8 X9 U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" \" ?0 J$ F7 d" ?
! W+ f& p) i0 I! \Action by Owners and Management$ R3 p2 ^) T: ~$ ]& m
81. Traders’ boycott6 v, q! a5 i! b$ r% K
82. Refusal to let or sell property' X' z, [4 ~* ?. l& T# \! e. k3 N
83. Lockout
2 F+ f% q( j3 ^4 ] R( N( Y2 s 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 Z j0 S4 M' f6 W% E 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
; P+ d, o& Z7 I, j- X' b
+ x% M4 B8 Z1 L$ }7 }* @4 R$ w1 [/ s$ |Action by Holders of Financial Resources' F. Y. w% M/ z, A
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
6 f- b5 b7 X. Q7 w( T" T 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
, L% V$ I2 w" k/ Y6 p 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! D5 a* S0 n2 F% i% }, b$ b0 U! w8 p6 Z
89. Severance of funds and credit
* k! z5 b8 ?9 U 90. Revenue refusal5 r' p6 O1 y5 `" p" ?" [
91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 Q Y. s- l1 F5 n' g/ }
( J+ l" U x1 q3 bAction by Governments* j5 q" T+ z- r5 |7 P
92. Domestic embargo
) r2 F3 w5 n1 y$ h0 q 93. Blacklisting of traders6 t; H* z4 Y3 o3 B
94. International sellers’ embargo
4 \& S+ _; A2 n6 D3 O4 } 95. International buyers’ embargo
+ X7 u! F3 H6 p0 { 96. International trade embargo1 \, o+ q' X/ Q6 |( o) v6 `6 i' G
, W1 { f- Q# Q% v$ u- B% G
. o) Q/ R' S9 S# {% ^% U; f
: q" W7 k# M( i# `' b+ mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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6 X( N# V1 ^. j+ b3 \, |
0 j, w% T$ p% u4 [. W" u. wSymbolic Strikes7 J2 l- K. I) T3 x! H* a
97. Protest strike9 e$ H) y- h& f/ \- E
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# N& s! v3 r2 |* Y' }
6 e" }3 [: m+ G& @
Agricultural Strikes. ~: m5 c+ _8 {$ A1 b* s/ b8 T
99. Peasant strike
: y0 l& l0 L. }- | 100. Farm Workers’ strike
. c! Z6 _5 J( m! L7 Q. m* f" S y% q. }% `& @% a: j
Strikes by Special Groups
9 k' u; X' N! s' X/ t7 T. | 101. Refusal of impressed labor% \5 l3 @! u8 y$ M& G
102. Prisoners’ strike
' {% y3 R* v: l: J/ |3 i0 K0 M% V 103. Craft strike1 i# X) p: c, P! u7 g/ `
104. Professional strike
9 A2 c: Y' [% p
& p' W) Z! w8 G5 X1 pOrdinary Industrial Strikes1 o4 y5 E4 S( x+ i! ^" f9 c
105. Establishment strike
4 v% S0 Q/ m- H+ [9 e- H5 p. \ 106. Industry strike6 a6 o# a7 `" X+ `
107. Sympathetic strike2 G6 ^) M! r# A& }) B" N, k
7 W: T/ _6 n, Z; y: {: r" l
Restricted Strikes
8 {' v7 p) [: C9 E* k 108. Detailed strike. p3 A; A1 v1 C
109. Bumper strike
5 v, W0 @* C8 a' p- y, r 110. Slowdown strike
* f- {# ]- Q+ j& [4 y2 @8 P 111. Working-to-rule strike
6 n- h! H; h) |6 ]/ J" S) V 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
/ P7 b' e7 n2 w7 @: ^6 I) ?0 o8 `1 x 113. Strike by resignation7 C7 R- e$ x6 P, W0 ]5 S+ |) ^
114. Limited strike' b$ e4 ?9 J5 }% I3 u1 |
115. Selective strike5 H: A. C, W7 V: U5 U# q0 G R
( m$ \8 b3 f: Q& @8 \" G3 OMulti-Industry Strikes. P1 a$ y D1 X4 G! N" F
0 [' z5 |- n% m) b$ K. X. G
116. Generalized strike
3 K: W8 [8 o* Q3 A% W) v J) t
6 I+ R4 l1 n# m8 p 117. General strike4 E" Q* S' z U+ K( R( n
: S2 ~4 j9 @; @) ~Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
2 Q9 `8 r# o1 M, u5 v
+ A% `, H5 K1 l+ I1 ~- J 118. Hartal7 g2 P3 l0 G. F9 ~
B' V+ L6 a2 G. W 119. Economic shutdown
# V6 k' C! v) [2 t
2 \4 w& F2 g, A# U6 Z) b : l6 h& `9 j8 l; y1 j. p& y2 X
0 u, i" c4 I8 ~) ]- M" u; J& a
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION2 N9 X9 c( C; ~$ Y& z+ M
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Rejection of Authority% w* |$ D; d# ?, L
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance! s' H% |+ p `2 D
121. Refusal of public support0 v8 P! } c$ I9 p' i) h1 D
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance2 H |: f5 w% e4 m8 M/ t4 F
/ Z2 |: J" T3 A' V4 {1 b2 N
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 r2 j) V4 q/ }) L6 J. c
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ U6 R* B7 e _9 M
124. Boycott of elections# y- R+ X5 @/ v3 E, v! S" Z
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
! g7 a5 r7 F2 V 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# C3 O2 H5 E) q8 Z* K 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions$ ~0 q* |3 V) p" n$ r% x! a
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations h+ w" q3 c" V; s% o! v- T
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents! n, q4 Q5 ^ G8 N( {
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! V6 h5 j- @6 V7 J* v; t/ J" i 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
" c( c6 u6 S6 a4 o m/ u7 g3 { 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: i& C3 e' [$ V1 T
8 \7 h( ^* P3 Y% u/ _+ p5 i- v; j
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 t, u8 R1 |5 W% n# i* }
133. Reluctant and slow compliance& f/ ?& m3 Z5 \% A" `/ @3 b
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision. m& c- k; v) U# Q2 w& m6 \7 P
135. Popular nonobedience
( A) ~) ^% _4 ]- y) e' Q3 G 136. Disguised disobedience' ~1 |% V! |+ | M
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
$ z6 M! c/ C& E& F# L. t 138. Sitdown) [) s7 s0 M9 q8 d
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ ~+ t8 U% q! L3 @* t
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ K/ P& q2 R1 m1 Y( k 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 t ]( D# d6 c# m1 E3 U7 k) A4 y: y$ o
9 _$ H$ F# P/ G6 Z+ E5 ^0 pAction by Government Personnel$ v }9 t. Q' ]: P6 N7 Y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
# c. T3 y! C, O. K& L2 j 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. q g2 Y% e5 z* [ J7 I9 l: d 144. Stalling and obstruction, l5 y* i) E6 T: W/ k( Q+ }
145. General administrative noncooperation; ]! O+ t0 {+ q1 N; T8 s0 |" c7 D
% y9 Y( F T# v# A
146. Judicial noncooperation+ x6 ]8 |! F1 ~' O& Y1 C
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" {( H( ]1 R5 s4 a
148. Mutiny
1 A9 Q- W% d$ IDomestic Governmental Action
D4 a" t$ m9 ~/ P0 S 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 G3 r) v' }5 L0 A) i& p& @7 S$ ? 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ R3 ~, ]2 Z$ R2 x/ s5 l3 B+ J2 R# X1 b
International Governmental Action
% D; G5 H6 r7 t* [' M 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
$ _: Y! \5 A! P+ c1 v/ C 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 G2 z4 F/ u* k% s F( \' M 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 l0 r! L6 @# o6 t' M) n* E
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 E- t( i# v- o! Z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 W! x7 o- V& n5 x* i% Z 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies. N: r) C9 A+ j8 A/ {$ B
157. Expulsion from international organizations0 J$ G' _4 l- a! N4 L5 h. w
% Z k0 E, b8 h( [3 i+ g
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, t9 g8 \& y6 Z0 Y4 |: _! aTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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( d9 C% V6 @7 ]: h& N
0 ^' ]& G: \# l1 C0 [. o8 GPsychological Intervention8 m7 o4 i6 ?# J. ~/ H& g7 A+ R
158. Self-exposure to the elements+ v4 _* q8 c- K7 r
159. The fast
}) m7 o) }: O; R& V a) Fast of moral pressure% }8 ~. ~ T, s5 z9 |
b) Hunger strike( `' S6 h: z' i; t; D- y* y
c) Satyagrahic fast
) E3 Y p- g. L N& Y3 D 160. Reverse trial `' n- E' [ u4 h
161. Nonviolent harassment
7 l6 G9 { j- I& m# q7 n+ E2 U& u: c2 G, z$ s
Physical Intervention6 a0 b: ^. I" s5 ]( R* P$ _
162. Sit-in
2 m6 o0 K! Z! _+ c 163. Stand-in1 |0 w4 j" W2 p/ A8 L7 i
164. Ride-in* V8 ?9 \8 l. }* p5 Y
165. Wade-in9 K! r) w$ d4 V
166. Mill-in
9 r3 x8 A/ f% U8 }6 g0 Q 167. Pray-in" F* E2 S/ K) J6 N! X) F
168. Nonviolent raids& g( @" C; {+ P4 _0 p* J5 I* u2 p3 D
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ Z; u$ a7 i' C 170. Nonviolent invasion
6 C, c- X0 X: h6 t 171. Nonviolent interjection1 N6 M2 U; A# B7 s$ b/ a$ Y G0 T8 x
172. Nonviolent obstruction& f' r8 E# i5 O# s
173. Nonviolent occupation% k+ S0 o& u& l9 U" h, u
H, V2 W' M$ e
Social Intervention
; y8 g6 S8 o+ {& {& a 174. Establishing new social patterns
. Z) n6 P# i q) z$ ? 175. Overloading of facilities! B) }) ~1 _+ C* i0 Z) n( Q
176. Stall-in: K4 Q6 z d% a }; [$ ~
177. Speak-in" [8 n% O8 q) m* {8 w5 h) g
178. Guerrilla theater9 J& C4 s: I7 F! O. }
179. Alternative social institutions4 ]" l' w, S) X$ t$ J0 Z3 p8 O
180. Alternative communication system3 F$ A( G* d( [4 o) P. r% `+ }
% {9 Y4 s8 ^7 X8 r( w
Economic Intervention- L" Z9 D" m' H! F$ z6 h5 T' I4 z
181. Reverse strike
7 s6 C6 o/ r5 ~# H; A7 f5 @ 182. Stay-in strike
! X) M5 r& |1 X' S& x 183. Nonviolent land seizure A" _4 Q- P: S6 Y/ I' Q
184. Defiance of blockades
4 q1 @) m3 q/ s# t+ _2 l, D/ w 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* J" H. ?6 b, @6 b/ b& C
186. Preclusive purchasing$ J( g' a8 a8 \+ l3 F* {# r: Y$ E
187. Seizure of assets
0 ?! s/ e+ Y% Z( _$ t 188. Dumping
; f: ]4 d$ U% k* G 189. Selective patronage
& U9 |- @9 W7 c p, B0 i7 q% @ 190. Alternative markets
' [ d* q3 r; x! ~0 P1 i' k 191. Alternative transportation systems
" N% }( a2 e+ \8 I 192. Alternative economic institutions. J3 h: }8 v- D' H6 f7 j
: e, C! ]: t6 l) d. C; GPolitical Intervention
9 J8 z* h6 f/ E" l% a 193. Overloading of administrative systems5 D2 T6 r* E6 `) h
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# a+ u0 `* p2 h( f0 n; t C, n* O
195. Seeking imprisonment
4 q7 D5 s! K( {6 ]7 z4 _2 A 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, t; p7 L3 ^. J8 E 197. Work-on without collaboration1 U9 ?7 Z0 z* ~
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; C# p) V/ v1 d2 U4 a/ M- w5 |+ B
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
