 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION9 `6 j# h- R) `0 B5 H, t- m
Formal Statements' a5 I: l, S0 ~
1. Public Speeches. M, z* x9 S% z" S; e
2. Letters of opposition or support
# p/ w6 M6 x- ^" J/ ^" m" n& F 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
( T& L/ ?* S; c' f 4. Signed public statements9 k# r) }6 o) a+ Y0 H2 k
5. Declarations of indictment and intention6 `% m" L0 V8 s3 i6 a8 Y6 R
6. Group or mass petitions' V, W8 Y' |# \5 r
( J. U% s/ q$ f: `( {Communications with a Wider Audience
' i8 U$ I9 N/ l# R3 Y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
0 e: a. q$ z, N' n 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 a& X# g& L, r: D# i 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& O: n+ t! V) D( p: ~7 F4 g* u
10. Newspapers and journals* N8 ~4 c0 s* p1 e5 I
11. Records, radio, and television4 v9 V" d0 a& ?$ F8 x5 _" @% v4 Z9 i
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 @0 i2 j- h8 n& ?7 H# a4 k2 D! h7 U+ p
Group Representations6 t0 l, p& A+ s+ }
13. Deputations i* f( U' y8 [8 U8 ^
14. Mock awards( i" c. W, q) `8 _& Z
15. Group lobbying! [5 d+ {. w( l; a) a
16. Picketing
1 C) I& K1 k V9 } @. q 17. Mock elections7 o9 K: v5 a$ t! ~8 ~9 H* h) `
1 y5 y% F! }6 X# m/ k) c9 |Symbolic Public Acts
, \2 o5 ]2 U1 t- c4 _ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 U/ |( K/ H0 L' V
19. Wearing of symbols+ s* s. H1 O6 k/ f1 h' ~
20. Prayer and worship
8 E- Z- |& t3 _( V& B Z1 | 21. Delivering symbolic objects- I+ `4 E/ i: _2 u4 t7 ~4 X5 G
22. Protest disrobings
! `5 @9 y1 f# S& m$ r 23. Destruction of own property
# o9 d) Q- ?! x$ @" D4 Q/ `$ I 24. Symbolic lights
6 r; [0 Z* _3 d* T, H( K. t5 W- h 25. Displays of portraits! b( }1 X0 I; T3 \$ Q( E
26. Paint as protest
3 o I% ?" r( S* _, W$ x- h 27. New signs and names, I8 a$ o9 ~" i. _, C; ?9 ?
28. Symbolic sounds
) Q0 [1 l+ C% k1 u1 g9 m 29. Symbolic reclamations% _7 o4 e6 j: e4 i& \
30. Rude gestures S' E: `* u7 f6 {6 F
6 B, D) _2 V# @
Pressures on Individuals
* y! x n+ p& F, x6 O# ? 31. “Haunting” officials
" \; f8 w, L: G 32. Taunting officials/ w2 P' g* j* H$ u E6 O1 u: Q
33. Fraternization
7 |* i7 `3 o8 Q* w: x- r& T6 f 34. Vigils- i5 R/ a& m$ r& f, S/ g# a7 m
8 v+ L; l' U4 |4 w* _
Drama and Music! e+ d2 z& n% a" S( B* y
35. Humorous skits and pranks3 M: P* g4 e6 s G( o. z6 U
36. Performances of plays and music
; T" C$ Z+ z7 ^( \1 j" h 37. Singing4 C. b9 c5 ?0 q! \# [
5 V4 }. ^# g; q8 rProcessions2 O+ m* ^, T" X* w
38. Marches6 L! |* Z& `4 K
39. Parades
" Z! N1 g) M- h( d5 ~9 o: h 40. Religious processions9 w- I0 _0 o1 f# h) q; ]# N h
41. Pilgrimages
% F5 A* {. o% r' _4 d+ h) ? 42. Motorcades
9 k7 S9 Z( y4 Y2 q1 D/ J0 Z/ S6 u5 n! y% D5 r( w4 C6 i
Honoring the Dead
. v K2 N+ S* ^, N I$ ?4 i5 ? 43. Political mourning$ O3 R' \& Q) a' x- @- H% N: @- R
44. Mock funerals
' N1 B9 T# b) p H 45. Demonstrative funerals
( w+ G5 C# z; F K8 ^ 46. Homage at burial places
$ T; G& Z8 b! i& P. [/ d$ V
& s# i3 E! i, b, e% h' }# UPublic Assemblies
1 @ ~5 e# P% z. T1 G9 |9 M 47. Assemblies of protest or support0 Q% Y8 g( x" u' i. N
48. Protest meetings
; @! ^ T: @' Z5 b- ~- Y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest2 m- ~* N$ N; m
50. Teach-ins7 V5 Y2 F* h5 G5 Y
& ~! {- t% O& ~' zWithdrawal and Renunciation% M* g3 p0 u& f; q _% S6 _
51. Walk-outs
; x# m# [. o( {8 s+ o3 A: h 52. Silence3 A* l8 V! M5 w! A! g
53. Renouncing honors
# C; _' b. Z/ _; ] 54. Turning one’s back
$ |& x7 K2 Z1 \; U, W
6 `: b4 t& V# ]% {' }; A & \, C0 M- ]- v2 P2 E
# O& _' ]- @0 l3 Z3 x; _: wTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION/ ?( i( |- a) R" t7 ?, ?
+ l" [2 k! d; L' i- s' l
; D' N1 S N( E5 v3 \% _4 G( c: k1 \! C, ]
Ostracism of Persons
$ D C G: j7 r0 j1 x 55. Social boycott
: |# ^7 u8 A+ x* i8 N" q 56. Selective social boycott8 v9 w# L$ Y: ~+ ?- w
57. Lysistratic nonaction
% F% h4 e1 i6 k% }8 _ 58. Excommunication# {, a8 m- ]8 y
59. Interdict
/ b4 I! q) z/ z4 N
B7 w) `+ z/ G/ lNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ r. Z) t) m q& `, }" s$ a1 x 60. Suspension of social and sports activities! a+ _! ?- `0 n- h9 A, D- H8 C. W5 e- k
61. Boycott of social affairs
6 _+ P& C( r* `$ K' @ 62. Student strike1 J. }( ]1 ~" p: \+ ?$ Q) P
63. Social disobedience- l: J: x$ I. z( e$ U" ?
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) m& W2 l* N( B/ F6 H1 }+ ~" q+ N1 ~1 B
Withdrawal from the Social System
8 ] v0 v! Z: b* ^3 Q- h 65. Stay-at-home: }1 ]0 B4 C8 S
66. Total personal noncooperation" i2 D" E5 m- m! C1 P4 m- p7 p
67. “Flight” of workers
$ D/ G: P- W# y: z, V 68. Sanctuary
G" @% |+ y, H$ l' E1 d5 t 69. Collective disappearance
: c0 b* `6 ]3 W" ?$ j1 Y' R 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)3 a" n7 I9 K) W
3 W! a0 |3 S+ G0 ]' z& n s* O5 @ + ^7 F3 H: @7 b1 J) V# e" T, q
& Z9 c0 y1 }' o( i% ]% h& ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
$ w5 u; B/ m F6 f4 G& A* B, X( ]
5 h+ h/ `5 v6 x$ k9 c; L2 C$ r5 P$ p : u1 l/ }7 H5 k N2 [" }) B
Actions by Consumers
& j7 H, x$ O0 m* @2 F/ a0 m 71. Consumers’ boycott$ v; f `/ V$ t9 i0 {
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
& R6 t6 N8 p3 |# I& M) E 73. Policy of austerity5 |) {5 } q! S8 w3 B' P
74. Rent withholding
3 c) z8 N, i- `' O# Z 75. Refusal to rent H G# ?% i( [: m, U8 _1 P( ?; c( y
76. National consumers’ boycott
* P3 P5 i/ ^9 j- b* b7 E5 \! g 77. International consumers’ boycott% B$ ]7 w# s+ l
( Q- }5 C' Q, {4 x2 F: m3 U
Action by Workers and Producers5 n1 {# o" ?0 p6 v3 \& y# ~
78. Workmen’s boycott
) d- N, S* q, n) Y; k5 f3 e 79. Producers’ boycott; Z3 I4 p: i2 {3 c: @. W8 G; _$ }
$ G9 a; b! U- K# ]9 b( h
Action by Middlemen
7 H. L* V5 k; q+ ?' M 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% f, g9 b+ h! a
( M- G& U( z" W/ A1 g' J7 QAction by Owners and Management H, Q0 l$ k4 ^1 ^, ~
81. Traders’ boycott
! c& H5 J' ~4 t" q 82. Refusal to let or sell property
% M( ~( v8 J! B# |$ `* x8 H& @ 83. Lockout
: l- `2 r1 o \; ~# T! |4 P 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ }9 r, Y) Q! a' x# j 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ t' W. D- z2 L F$ ?$ w
/ _; S/ \4 {( D* ^5 G" Z4 IAction by Holders of Financial Resources
- h! i. S, L& Z, ` 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits" i7 ] ]9 o; p- w4 y G: F
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 m: Y5 i2 b+ D4 t2 }2 L8 z 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
) m5 x. E* U& R4 l 89. Severance of funds and credit1 y* C. Q. m, D
90. Revenue refusal
5 n+ u" b- L3 b' c 91. Refusal of a government’s money: b& m# Y0 X$ d8 g8 p
3 ^! g0 @% {% z# ~
Action by Governments ~0 A4 X) J4 q6 a7 P6 [) o! Y
92. Domestic embargo
1 S9 _, u- L% L& N 93. Blacklisting of traders0 d& m" U, n" L/ u& L) e
94. International sellers’ embargo) H) l8 k4 v$ {& H& q, L( c
95. International buyers’ embargo
_& V. U) M2 n- V; e( C2 O u 96. International trade embargo
8 {" V$ y- L* e
4 \. p2 n7 C4 a9 U3 N/ G5 ` ( u9 T' X& n# f: E0 `+ u( D
# s% R5 a3 X" j* c2 L9 nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
$ S7 x1 j3 M& s8 ? C& ?8 J, d; l8 M+ A: _
8 P; q r$ w1 z1 T3 c3 tSymbolic Strikes6 R9 G) K1 `: R. p- a2 }
97. Protest strike
7 M. L8 V9 A* E0 M: V. r 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 B" ]* B: {8 J. N3 I3 L
: f% {# i. h, h* Q+ WAgricultural Strikes
+ f) J5 s& t `6 x* L 99. Peasant strike u$ _7 c1 c: }! w# D
100. Farm Workers’ strike" q( K; L$ m. d& y
2 u* }' m6 R& {2 n6 S, t
Strikes by Special Groups
, o; `. r+ {, v3 @$ X2 H( s 101. Refusal of impressed labor) h9 e7 U" S, a/ K" D$ m
102. Prisoners’ strike
+ u6 n# h5 l1 l; C% e% x/ I 103. Craft strike; R& G; `' g7 d9 e( T8 l
104. Professional strike
X6 x; s) v! G3 I! G3 b
( m& S8 e: s; g7 t/ @$ e+ \9 R4 tOrdinary Industrial Strikes
* |5 b& L; n, j. A! X0 m1 x 105. Establishment strike7 F8 G1 s% P2 g$ X) O5 x
106. Industry strike( C8 g- K9 C5 d) W" |# h6 i
107. Sympathetic strike, H% g& y% V$ n, Q
! w) ], j G# L9 ^; E0 U! ]Restricted Strikes9 R& v6 C6 Y* N' J
108. Detailed strike `4 i, |1 o' u; g9 c* i! \0 _2 O
109. Bumper strike
/ e% s* \+ Z. t 110. Slowdown strike
- L0 _* h7 q- z4 V2 w6 `3 ~ 111. Working-to-rule strike' g4 H! ~; }8 D& v$ p
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 I+ F4 ~9 T( |+ q 113. Strike by resignation
0 t3 g, c" _ G. } 114. Limited strike
2 [! K: S/ l, \8 @( n# K. t2 u& b+ s 115. Selective strike0 J$ ?) u5 b8 U0 d- |; L$ Q$ \3 H
. J$ ?& j" b) Z* A$ l0 N0 f& d
Multi-Industry Strikes+ I6 I7 r) s" }. @
/ |5 O$ e7 S5 Q
116. Generalized strike
9 H$ R+ b" x: U, Y* @' ]5 ~2 }& @" k0 A: ]- r
117. General strike
. h/ t8 Y6 S' M' K$ H
- z* c/ ^: I. zCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
6 u1 ]. Z7 [3 i* T- ^
0 Z, h! \2 `4 z p9 Z# O' O 118. Hartal
8 k! _2 G5 h4 p: W' F \$ }0 N0 |5 T, n) ]6 Y$ n5 \+ z
119. Economic shutdown3 i9 ^* r- G1 t' x/ S: D
# p/ U0 l" N+ G9 o $ {% Q7 T6 v) z0 u- c2 F, d
9 { a0 s7 S9 l6 u8 {- v
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION- q7 U& f1 z" t2 ^4 }; \5 _, `9 [
: a) k4 ^5 L- X$ R# {+ g6 f7 G
- D* ]; o2 k1 kRejection of Authority" `1 d! u& @4 I+ u4 E
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance$ U, F5 N5 b8 ~' N, H* v2 U/ r
121. Refusal of public support2 g: v: s: _# g
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
3 a' u8 @3 g0 @
7 R9 T/ O& ?$ ~7 Q# f' [. ICitizens’ Noncooperation with Government( m+ Q( w+ l. h% T. R
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 O* b' O. Q. C8 \7 B 124. Boycott of elections
5 A3 b# B0 G2 Y0 s 125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 M, d1 C7 I! n
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies: a6 T. [! a$ \
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; K0 z3 ^& D* m7 q 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 v1 ?* A! V( R+ q; _: G: D% o* E 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
Z9 z# I" z/ b# {' U; h 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 G' \5 Q% ^/ ^: p
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
6 i2 W/ A. X q$ x% f$ a 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
6 R2 g+ [) r) }# @/ e
9 ` C- @- ^+ d* d! cCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 Y+ B0 E) |+ X' j7 a: L; A: D) D 133. Reluctant and slow compliance% P7 u0 h5 I, j; M7 o M. K( J; k3 i
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" ^' r* L3 D- C9 P/ A
135. Popular nonobedience
8 u% e$ @" w$ d! E u; w, N 136. Disguised disobedience- v* T, ~# i2 X' {$ C2 Z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
. ?% ^3 J3 {# x+ M: X 138. Sitdown
4 z& |" }4 i" P) u5 s z) I9 [& X 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# v2 H+ D) \6 v+ q5 F
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
. p) m* R ?1 @; H2 ]0 j% D 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws) x( J1 Y* m# U4 d) s
+ `6 a3 W( S# d
Action by Government Personnel- a# s) {) [) k# {/ ]2 q
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; h5 J4 `# M5 y# Q% J! [
143. Blocking of lines of command and information: v+ Y2 T0 u$ b' u7 C/ w6 O
144. Stalling and obstruction
3 O$ R5 \- a1 o" S8 t 145. General administrative noncooperation
; E1 L( z: o$ W1 V/ j N4 X
0 G" d- {3 n5 u$ h Q 146. Judicial noncooperation) p! e9 ]& r" m! n
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents5 ^6 o% ]& w. m$ f9 d0 a
148. Mutiny: r8 Z7 @5 Q. r3 K
Domestic Governmental Action
9 ]3 E0 `, u" m1 U7 f; O 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays, g8 B$ C3 \8 E4 e- {4 }9 u
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( d" ~6 F) U1 `: v- a$ d6 y0 y& D" z
- Y3 t$ h% c& d, iInternational Governmental Action
/ h* @+ [6 K; D8 ]0 K 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ o9 g }* b) u0 [) ~8 h' k
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% V# |7 x& {) H, m) [
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition: ?8 h( G% U9 C. O5 w
154. Severance of diplomatic relations- j; b0 r# U* H" F
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 F7 @6 N* z$ R) i5 V$ T; a 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
' q% @# `; H2 P4 b' ^ 157. Expulsion from international organizations7 }5 L6 |3 B* o8 ~
$ I: X$ ^) y* a q, n O
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) I( l9 s% S& A0 a+ WTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION6 N$ J7 i, h2 `( _
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5 v( c# \# G+ e' y7 Q9 jPsychological Intervention
1 g9 D6 w4 z' t" Y! Q( a) W+ L 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( D" H2 O+ {" p+ K 159. The fast/ g' A+ t$ B) @! L
a) Fast of moral pressure
& P% K; ?& G T' Q4 C4 t( n b) Hunger strike
! Q% p2 A6 g$ h& o" O* c& W. D c) Satyagrahic fast: j" ~& t1 v, v7 g8 t: \
160. Reverse trial
( Y1 P3 |( ]. `0 r3 I# c 161. Nonviolent harassment
: W: F* X+ i& k) m- o) \3 ]( }* a! I2 A, E @ Y. C T
Physical Intervention
y# j- M9 m F6 j" c5 T2 u2 @ 162. Sit-in
0 k- S+ v& v/ l" h. k 163. Stand-in0 `( ]3 z& K, A: S
164. Ride-in
; \; L3 e8 Z2 z g1 P3 u 165. Wade-in
# \4 f( Y# `5 G 166. Mill-in
2 {* j2 g# e& N 167. Pray-in! A e% z6 _3 ~- S. D) z7 @( [
168. Nonviolent raids
# D7 [) M, p4 _+ b' V9 D0 l' G0 A 169. Nonviolent air raids
; n( ?2 }, b1 i+ G/ ]) J 170. Nonviolent invasion+ O/ g+ K8 U! w9 X7 Z S
171. Nonviolent interjection; e0 T1 T: X! s, ], j: }, k
172. Nonviolent obstruction8 O+ Z! G, B1 W* E+ m/ L
173. Nonviolent occupation! h; h* ^( |. [6 N6 H
$ M$ E& e+ r Y6 C4 g+ q
Social Intervention
4 k( H. _8 c+ b1 o- y9 ] 174. Establishing new social patterns
. f( }" n( ?; n! _ 175. Overloading of facilities( H; o- g" _; U, l# ? S
176. Stall-in' A5 m+ ?& K" X- E: i, o
177. Speak-in
# t } |: o& p- N: n 178. Guerrilla theater
' p" C T2 ]) c' B% [; ^ 179. Alternative social institutions3 u1 G6 s2 d7 w9 U
180. Alternative communication system5 l3 ^0 w( s* h1 A
+ y' k0 B' Z5 M8 |. s) W
Economic Intervention
# A! `- Y0 W& q' t. S. H 181. Reverse strike2 ]( v' c. c4 i+ E& ?
182. Stay-in strike
. K1 |- a5 g/ Q* k, o0 z 183. Nonviolent land seizure
& F8 |" C+ {. C* p' e8 } 184. Defiance of blockades
, d' u K3 P* V( Y5 n: q$ A 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* C0 N# p* X+ x- u3 y8 J- o
186. Preclusive purchasing
1 M5 }* @% i: I& m g0 B 187. Seizure of assets& H" ^0 m, H8 ]( y" Q0 [( \
188. Dumping
! P! s# H3 Y; }' l 189. Selective patronage
0 K+ ?% e& @" p, o 190. Alternative markets
/ T# i1 v8 [% k7 i3 d6 ^5 w" C 191. Alternative transportation systems
# q4 O0 M9 Y: l4 w/ k* n 192. Alternative economic institutions
) G( E+ y5 T) i6 h0 V
! }! ?3 k5 t. C; ^* {. t- UPolitical Intervention. v$ p2 m4 {* k8 V
193. Overloading of administrative systems {. h7 q8 a/ D9 @7 p( w
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 ~. k4 F+ x Z b
195. Seeking imprisonment( H1 M# k3 l% o7 m' A
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 G; P7 j4 } l3 {& M# H
197. Work-on without collaboration
6 n4 a2 k8 H) u6 O& \: [. Q 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government0 @" Z" d b9 g9 l }5 Q/ q
9 K7 \0 m7 c/ K9 ]8 B# ~7 U
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
