 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 T6 Z! u+ n, c; t; nFormal Statements
) a4 X; H E* g1 g# V0 k 1. Public Speeches
$ T6 ^1 |& C- } N 2. Letters of opposition or support. K- W, s" V6 a' E4 L$ ?3 H1 s
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions- g7 Y6 z5 \) l: w2 `1 f
4. Signed public statements7 q% n @7 p+ m B/ x
5. Declarations of indictment and intention. x/ a* Y- |/ r6 F$ H* S. ^- L' \
6. Group or mass petitions$ o' j( w/ t: R: n# h8 i; T: ^+ L
7 B- m9 y6 ^' \Communications with a Wider Audience9 D/ |4 c% W6 M% A |
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
Q2 ~% `6 I6 q4 n 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications; W; D2 g7 Z+ Q" I9 u
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; G# k* Z0 |6 {, i- \+ d
10. Newspapers and journals
7 ]& N& Z( @8 x: V& F" c 11. Records, radio, and television8 I9 `1 ]" {; O2 [
12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ j. t, V r* ^4 }+ ~% S. I) Y
. x' T+ D u0 Z, f* w4 aGroup Representations, k* J. r n/ I
13. Deputations
* K, P: J! _+ [* X5 Y 14. Mock awards2 D4 B, z* s" A6 z. i6 k
15. Group lobbying$ T5 O- m+ m3 u1 A1 M8 ]3 U4 D% g
16. Picketing' t3 o* X- S- ^) H3 ?& Q
17. Mock elections# N- }8 M( o: V6 X1 Y4 F( q
9 M z( k2 a; _! s8 r& {
Symbolic Public Acts% ]4 v. B$ b' y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ O3 b) @1 s I9 n) A! B( Z
19. Wearing of symbols" a" J3 B: _- P5 i: g+ w/ F4 A
20. Prayer and worship
5 m: e: c6 W/ H' A7 B5 }, s5 K9 ~ 21. Delivering symbolic objects; J- P w: ^! c& i5 M! h
22. Protest disrobings1 s: E. C5 k8 \8 v# Q `6 m
23. Destruction of own property; ]: q f$ p$ R; e. Y# P( r* p o: M
24. Symbolic lights
I0 X/ k9 C3 K- r! H 25. Displays of portraits% ^0 j3 l1 B* F* B5 _$ {0 w
26. Paint as protest
+ ?7 K- @, x% w: Z6 w 27. New signs and names
. @, O2 g8 \4 X8 A5 E! i$ N, h' u: ]2 j 28. Symbolic sounds
5 @) f2 f6 Q5 b- O0 M; {3 z 29. Symbolic reclamations0 ]: s# Q* L H9 K% z- c# E
30. Rude gestures
8 b1 E" }. H t2 V. v( g% c5 f0 g0 V1 A) k, X# w# J
Pressures on Individuals, ]7 P8 C1 ^. G8 w, C9 b/ y
31. “Haunting” officials
( `# W: a. {0 w. P 32. Taunting officials* b9 q4 z3 Z) t( z9 }6 E9 R
33. Fraternization
$ I z% n1 @9 g$ U* z 34. Vigils \7 `0 o3 v4 ~. I5 p# f# A
3 w! L/ a, b' s9 X- D7 k1 }
Drama and Music! R& f1 b7 c/ [: e2 y, d
35. Humorous skits and pranks% \3 I6 G/ X+ @
36. Performances of plays and music
9 y% E, @/ `$ R# S# p8 U 37. Singing, G9 ]# k/ F$ h0 x! H* U
B0 c' A3 n% }5 _Processions
# c+ z( t" L" ?! t' K9 {* p6 r 38. Marches' v4 i9 I: g, [. d
39. Parades
' ^/ d: T; O" T- R. ?+ f3 Z 40. Religious processions/ W3 u1 k2 B; s3 s
41. Pilgrimages9 k: t. |2 \3 c9 j5 N5 q
42. Motorcades
4 l( L" D6 @7 Y7 Y6 z- s( d
+ v, Z* t/ Y5 c2 Y7 ?. M2 EHonoring the Dead
+ v7 L3 b. u: P* Q7 z 43. Political mourning
; f6 P' c% p+ K6 ]/ g, ?/ a' A 44. Mock funerals
[8 [) i7 q1 J 45. Demonstrative funerals
/ f0 I3 ?/ \3 @! E 46. Homage at burial places7 G* j! c3 k5 r3 }0 Z
8 B. B. S- q. O/ m8 e3 I2 B$ I
Public Assemblies
7 i- h! |- s V; L; C 47. Assemblies of protest or support
~" {$ h, G4 t* s7 x 48. Protest meetings
# H2 n2 X! E3 ~0 e) n 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( z$ P2 D* l8 R' Y
50. Teach-ins
1 v' G3 C/ R) z4 n2 Z( E& `0 w
# r/ e r# N) t' h( ^1 p7 }Withdrawal and Renunciation+ \. I0 K3 r9 {# B! U) ]* {
51. Walk-outs5 X! Q: }) [. o4 ^& f
52. Silence
* C% q3 k* N, d: _9 k$ p+ ~ 53. Renouncing honors# B% R3 V) b$ ]$ W1 u' C3 m
54. Turning one’s back% z8 p, T' b- d% ^4 H
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6 \7 ^2 }& |1 ]- c' e, ~$ B: I- f
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION: w! ?0 O4 Q. l" Z( K6 v* C; ]$ c
; v2 }4 j+ u! _6 P2 C" C/ ?
" y8 A. j' K' z' c* L) r: t3 `3 R! _& \- t# E0 u: E X2 n
Ostracism of Persons% `. } H5 x/ U8 p1 k+ `% J" l
55. Social boycott
- `# U+ E" ^1 @8 j( j4 h+ R 56. Selective social boycott2 S% \; X* t. u
57. Lysistratic nonaction6 {. V* s5 Y( f+ s6 }& w
58. Excommunication/ L3 l1 ]7 S7 Q* o7 k8 `, M* F
59. Interdict% J4 L y g5 ^/ q4 a$ A' g
* @! D: h# W# s. u y% d% R! O- t( RNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions+ r: s+ T2 i' V$ Q- I, ^8 `) ^
60. Suspension of social and sports activities! P: m- E) R! c; |
61. Boycott of social affairs
$ Z1 i b6 B; U 62. Student strike4 W% u) _9 \: p( _$ h- \5 g9 M
63. Social disobedience/ s( y- L9 b" p0 V) t# Q6 f; k; H
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
& @5 S5 a- n& I9 v+ _/ r/ |' b# [7 M) q1 j* j/ V
Withdrawal from the Social System
2 [* s& x" ]& S N$ W# f# `& t 65. Stay-at-home: Q4 h- x: T* a1 {
66. Total personal noncooperation6 W' T. f$ _% j, s# d( j
67. “Flight” of workers
9 P4 a+ F/ c( | 68. Sanctuary
% S# I$ L. ^: I7 [, ^ 69. Collective disappearance
1 H( w* }% {; `3 ]( u; ^; v 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 y# }4 I6 y! m* I2 v
2 _1 x- H b# k$ K 6 r+ V, S* s1 A& Z
% s; R6 f, Y( c; ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
( T6 _+ v, {6 l. b, _
6 j+ x8 N5 N: @! y
! X5 r7 F+ p! b% }Actions by Consumers
& r8 g5 L9 L3 T; r# j' T1 l 71. Consumers’ boycott' {; Y& { C' E! [5 c
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" v M u$ F7 [4 f& i% n
73. Policy of austerity$ s( V. o& `2 ]/ B
74. Rent withholding
7 X" }! i' Z- c) T1 ? 75. Refusal to rent
' m; S+ T3 R0 Y 76. National consumers’ boycott# s6 Q( j0 |+ T( c' o# w0 J7 R
77. International consumers’ boycott1 n( J4 c T& t# a3 ?) Q
# q9 ]7 i) h+ y5 H% j2 e. |7 H
Action by Workers and Producers, \# T' d9 \1 a0 k7 } O
78. Workmen’s boycott
$ D: O/ [; N! Q1 H' U4 S 79. Producers’ boycott
4 F @/ [$ U1 F# [% R, K ]3 \$ N R8 i3 i6 f
Action by Middlemen
, ^# H: z: i' y5 y: K( e 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott' V% b+ Z( }3 I0 ^& ]2 }7 n2 a
3 C2 u: z2 z/ K, L H. W% Q$ L+ gAction by Owners and Management
4 C1 B0 R* i6 N* ]9 B' z 81. Traders’ boycott6 {( j2 L+ W9 ^3 h7 E' n3 i: ]% I
82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 T2 n5 ~, g% z( g) j. _5 j 83. Lockout2 P1 `) V5 l- j9 |4 d7 u- e
84. Refusal of industrial assistance% n4 }2 T6 }: Y$ A! w" e
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
: t: i2 d2 B6 T- @3 ~1 a
% O# T- I' }4 \+ S8 yAction by Holders of Financial Resources
A) f% @9 b2 n 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 J: c( H; A/ y2 R. j+ v2 E
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments. K+ K$ z r `8 Y9 i' V+ w% _0 ^
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; ~$ D4 k$ N5 P' W8 c0 | 89. Severance of funds and credit
. E- i) Q* f" h; B4 C( ~ 90. Revenue refusal _; W8 B2 y! X# d
91. Refusal of a government’s money u+ v! k) R5 i1 }' k: S
! ?% _* e0 r8 s7 \$ O$ IAction by Governments: u$ E* S6 N6 w ]9 `
92. Domestic embargo
$ B) C* D8 V/ ?$ [5 r+ F 93. Blacklisting of traders7 u- C+ {! m q2 N/ ^# q
94. International sellers’ embargo" _0 v( D3 \& [
95. International buyers’ embargo
, X6 Z1 G8 u# b4 y. E 96. International trade embargo
8 S7 n3 a4 Q& n$ b) c( |; x. Q/ Y8 `" j- y
I/ s' I! o7 {* c9 o) _) L
" ~ r8 r% T: F" T4 sTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
! V4 V; {& o. u( S8 d
, \: T; V' @$ P. g, [ ' l% j+ a2 i$ R( j: ~! q
Symbolic Strikes
" `0 ?8 U2 |; |* @1 y7 F) U 97. Protest strike
: J$ }0 l8 ~3 E: P$ n+ r 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 F7 X9 Z6 F% \
. p3 v2 \; x9 ]' X* `Agricultural Strikes
8 v1 |# [1 H7 F: k, t 99. Peasant strike
! p+ ?# ?9 r/ H 100. Farm Workers’ strike
* g$ k: E& F! `; X" s* w" z. A: b; o3 `1 S0 E R
Strikes by Special Groups
N0 A* M1 k+ z2 x. t 101. Refusal of impressed labor% A( e7 ]9 m; Y# t& i5 F
102. Prisoners’ strike
# l, b: d6 ]7 J/ ]) M; T4 ]# X+ ^ 103. Craft strike7 } M8 _% p4 Q5 @/ P) q
104. Professional strike
: P& P' P* D% T. z7 f) B+ {. ~( i" a) T w8 [, _# f
Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 D5 g/ Q# x; L- J0 O' o
105. Establishment strike1 h1 F# h. u; i3 Y/ n6 q
106. Industry strike
; A) P8 d0 f" Y% G 107. Sympathetic strike5 U: w0 |2 | A, V
3 D/ X0 ]: I+ a
Restricted Strikes* _' k6 D, A1 u, @0 x' y
108. Detailed strike
9 Y% R0 m$ m+ K* g$ T0 d 109. Bumper strike
?! A' ]. v4 O- L$ y 110. Slowdown strike0 {6 ^' A3 L/ O* C. K W9 f I
111. Working-to-rule strike! n5 W2 A: H7 I; g
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 k2 f" m2 i4 ~3 L6 t& C 113. Strike by resignation* G& y& p' r! m& s$ j: Z! G
114. Limited strike
) I& S# e# Q' j: q% a, a 115. Selective strike
" C9 p: e2 J% j% R% Q- q: n% [( {) T# b2 _
Multi-Industry Strikes
/ X) D3 s" K1 }* S( m, l( m% p2 |6 f: y9 ]. x- i! V& T& \
116. Generalized strike. e7 g+ g. j+ j! L
[# k% {4 b8 v D" R/ G5 E8 w 117. General strike! j" e* F, T9 }4 p9 V& M
7 Q9 ?- n) O' R1 W2 @
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 [- M- A* e* s( \4 G) ^$ B6 k$ n% s/ h% S. }; m
118. Hartal
$ j: ~% m7 i5 y4 ?
8 t) d* S i) Q4 e2 Z 119. Economic shutdown% Y! q9 ]3 q' X% n2 t, o
6 ]2 d: F% _7 x4 u1 Y
& Z4 c: H- D, i# j1 y8 q9 y% ?2 N
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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- {8 U! H6 X @! F0 D* x4 i * `7 ^6 Z; U% L7 B+ Z. a; ^- l
Rejection of Authority
2 W7 V! X, b1 V# `* q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% m0 o9 d$ w1 {) k) T! Z0 e' o
121. Refusal of public support
: M. t$ U; i( Q& b 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance; E: i$ w' a+ n3 O* {/ m7 O! j
7 A5 e9 ~# J0 j% d# p& @ ^* bCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 y7 S L. Z3 R! b- t& N3 N
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# Z ~; G U4 m2 S2 w A 124. Boycott of elections
% ^& @+ h& g1 C9 k# h1 _( c3 s( G 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
3 W1 k) x: l8 }3 g, D* v& Y. H 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
- h2 D9 f) q" d- _ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions r# A7 q& h( ^# G- P% E8 W
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 p( V- r! Z! d$ m8 D
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' D' M( U# `1 K* n& X' H. M7 ] 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! m0 E3 O. V& G
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 z% p# o5 P& x* Z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions8 @3 x5 I. q/ ?& _ N9 A. x
5 X7 A' ?& g. g: |% S* ?3 `Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 { U( y, H4 E" L
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: B, C" l$ n0 q9 X# V 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision% a* j: `: @5 C8 N$ e
135. Popular nonobedience6 i. u. H5 }: Z2 e
136. Disguised disobedience
, _; c3 m; ^& L3 S6 @# k 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 X# Z, u* g, _0 P3 \4 C: ] 138. Sitdown% I% W" U3 Q7 A, u7 |: W4 S
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" Y" s3 F+ ^% o! a% R
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities5 L K0 Q& p3 ?
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ V& D5 L3 Q) z& @/ P& I& [% n, v9 f/ w
Action by Government Personnel
/ u, Y% p' X3 o4 Z0 G 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
1 ^* G' p9 Q9 p. s" b' u+ Z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& H/ r, Q! q6 q 144. Stalling and obstruction# _$ `# _ k; J
145. General administrative noncooperation
& T, s: W j0 ]2 ?) h' O
3 w% {, {/ c- c7 u6 Y 146. Judicial noncooperation
! f% f/ v, ]3 {( \( H0 G& F: O 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents8 ~$ F3 W7 _& o8 ]/ U+ a0 a& i3 d
148. Mutiny
; H$ G5 E$ j2 P& t% W& o$ qDomestic Governmental Action
% v, P+ U* |% Y/ U0 X, Q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays% k) J8 ?/ t' C$ B& h
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 b1 r; o: T9 m& a: ~7 o
8 O, J/ L. S" p1 W& f1 iInternational Governmental Action3 f3 N+ O* j6 r }: R9 Q8 x# j
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' ^& |/ t1 f) |9 T# s3 \
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events x9 h( m2 C( q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
R5 Z3 m d) x6 P 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
6 G: |) Q9 b$ i: o4 q9 \) X) ? 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
1 H0 t( `1 ]& q% }& ]9 M 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ b9 \8 T2 ?3 M- ~8 [/ Q- ~ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
O$ V. O2 Q5 N5 c- `+ ^- d
# |( z6 R2 X# z# ^# ? # E. z+ j5 D& J8 U, p2 p/ M# y
7 N* F. M& y8 I) MTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
% {/ J$ S/ U k! V1 q* y2 g4 j; o' t- ^5 _' ~' A. V
* K# C' C) U; N0 i7 {8 |& t
Psychological Intervention
2 W& V4 M4 I7 x6 u. ]: @8 p+ L 158. Self-exposure to the elements7 l# g- ^6 K; z8 l4 e
159. The fast) k0 G/ o4 J9 j4 {% `* z+ t8 i
a) Fast of moral pressure; s8 F' H: _" q' |* h3 K# P6 }1 x
b) Hunger strike" M: w5 v3 N' J2 N% p7 s: {- d
c) Satyagrahic fast) L8 u0 J; u$ n3 k0 O5 J# ]' V
160. Reverse trial
7 d& O3 h' x1 H1 h. ~2 n 161. Nonviolent harassment
$ A9 F! T. M- q3 }4 P4 \! V
, }6 {+ R; ?; tPhysical Intervention. I$ D4 C$ e3 r* D2 ]
162. Sit-in, O0 F6 u* R4 b( G- g+ G
163. Stand-in
# g: O. z5 I, s3 } 164. Ride-in$ O$ M: A/ C0 M7 y6 M
165. Wade-in
" W) U$ n% H$ D) }0 h, ~ 166. Mill-in
1 F; U! \5 h* r4 k2 p( W$ [) d$ ^ 167. Pray-in
! u0 _3 i6 F) r2 P6 M 168. Nonviolent raids6 ~5 b' R" Z2 S7 b+ j b7 O1 G
169. Nonviolent air raids
1 T7 u% T' t9 W* Y& o 170. Nonviolent invasion3 p8 ?* D) o8 O- k
171. Nonviolent interjection
; }, y. L' H; m 172. Nonviolent obstruction- i' m+ Q8 r) P( ^
173. Nonviolent occupation4 ^" }! m; f i" G$ j. `$ G) t
$ k1 f& o4 X! D) T! |' bSocial Intervention
. h% _( W4 W' S9 ^ 174. Establishing new social patterns2 J' R7 S1 w& ?
175. Overloading of facilities0 d( T/ {, @& {, [+ X C, Z" p" X
176. Stall-in: V( K. x5 ^: x; v2 N
177. Speak-in+ \) k- p7 ^4 A$ c
178. Guerrilla theater7 |/ G, {' h* f
179. Alternative social institutions7 e- I7 G, A h) e
180. Alternative communication system
! Y& r2 l$ `6 d9 R* l$ l# [
5 V" k4 E: u3 ]Economic Intervention4 O/ J1 \8 p7 a9 R$ B6 k' L% t
181. Reverse strike0 m- U) L- g! p5 F9 f7 p' V; d3 O
182. Stay-in strike
( \: }: g9 ], O! L 183. Nonviolent land seizure. @$ q- h E$ ]3 u( S# D+ C* D2 s
184. Defiance of blockades
5 G: j- E b# F- M, G- s" ] 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting c/ \2 a" B" S' f, B
186. Preclusive purchasing! N3 s5 ]$ y$ G( F0 W `
187. Seizure of assets+ `8 k k5 S! t. c3 i- f' q/ ~8 j
188. Dumping$ ~7 k I3 O4 h& U
189. Selective patronage
% t4 g3 C3 B4 [4 A- k3 o: e 190. Alternative markets
% o, j' {/ L1 {9 ^. I: l! ^; q" p 191. Alternative transportation systems
2 i, o+ H0 f' f4 M+ \3 F 192. Alternative economic institutions5 p* |. m1 e b9 ^; o+ W
4 |+ G) \8 g7 E- c* ~" F- Y8 r% FPolitical Intervention7 {* r$ g7 g8 B, r: A
193. Overloading of administrative systems
: w! `, q/ K2 s8 |- A; {' G, ?/ E/ L 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! H: s: ?" u6 ?5 J3 `& p 195. Seeking imprisonment
( P8 j: P7 x# c; ?" S 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws; ^8 V0 v' E& |: E% Z! U7 [
197. Work-on without collaboration. d6 E. M0 e( _3 c8 `
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
