 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ [; r a- \! f- a
Formal Statements
+ p; J! o, t2 h0 s( |3 H4 O* T 1. Public Speeches C# |) V- l6 u3 E
2. Letters of opposition or support
( L4 z) S- h; R 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" A% f3 A: `3 z+ S# z- k- Y 4. Signed public statements) O$ I; ^! r& t! _( y# m
5. Declarations of indictment and intention N) S0 a7 J5 q* q, u$ Z9 n# K
6. Group or mass petitions: j) G& p; [9 j0 X0 J
7 `' m8 f9 E$ aCommunications with a Wider Audience
/ K$ A; A. z8 y' I/ P) P 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 E/ p: p% Y, {/ J, H* w+ m+ J
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
2 V% M. E) p) M, n- F9 ] 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books: O# C; {# i/ C7 [% _ A- P U
10. Newspapers and journals
1 @# I) I# N2 f& k9 _ 11. Records, radio, and television' n1 k; N7 c: H- @! n% q! E
12. Skywriting and earthwriting8 E- s* y5 E; d. G
6 \# [3 l$ U& i/ sGroup Representations2 Q* c' p8 C( v* R- @
13. Deputations8 m: r8 |# ^" E% j+ v7 p( \
14. Mock awards G$ q0 p' u' a6 O& E8 V
15. Group lobbying
& @ E8 N3 m6 W6 P* G- y, V 16. Picketing @' C0 e+ L# a7 `/ M
17. Mock elections
v* Q% N# I' j
2 e) V% Q, |6 f# h1 Q2 M9 h; ^# ZSymbolic Public Acts
, i; |+ Q f& N8 Y; B 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( Z5 @; w% `( b& `+ c
19. Wearing of symbols9 B: U+ J# X7 U) N f- _2 w& e
20. Prayer and worship6 U% T1 u8 j) k+ K0 Q
21. Delivering symbolic objects
! ^- o. z3 Y! }7 D& J) Y 22. Protest disrobings
/ l& G7 ?% k' \( e0 G( h6 g* d 23. Destruction of own property
& T4 Z4 p; B& y0 a* S1 G8 X 24. Symbolic lights$ o/ z; d9 L* h
25. Displays of portraits
4 k! x3 D- m- G6 a 26. Paint as protest
* `; u- @& n7 s 27. New signs and names
, Y, M: ^2 i/ U6 _) }* ` 28. Symbolic sounds0 y( `5 ^; V+ ^4 U! v& J0 a% M
29. Symbolic reclamations9 W$ d& ]8 W0 @. t* m
30. Rude gestures5 ?; _+ p; `0 f
" z/ F+ g: D X7 c" u+ S
Pressures on Individuals8 @9 x1 J7 ^+ q; y: B+ m
31. “Haunting” officials
/ @, w D* {9 j, v) c 32. Taunting officials
. a7 C& U4 O! Y, r8 s. \ T2 ` 33. Fraternization
0 `0 A' g2 z" N5 o' s 34. Vigils7 a, [9 W# [7 n& H0 U7 ^
4 J* f& d6 `! G8 o/ |
Drama and Music4 h! ^$ k* u/ ~% }. I. J3 r; W
35. Humorous skits and pranks4 C# v* [" q9 z) g6 d* o
36. Performances of plays and music$ I) W4 R7 k2 v6 r* M. ]' z! p
37. Singing
4 M8 z+ f; |; M0 u+ e
c8 |" C- s* g( oProcessions
" c& G7 a: p& @ 38. Marches$ ~5 A! v' }+ T7 z# z0 h5 |
39. Parades
1 z3 `' Z9 n: {! F8 i 40. Religious processions: Y1 t, m! q0 ]. Q
41. Pilgrimages
8 w6 \1 s# C# w" C# X/ @) V 42. Motorcades' z6 F3 E O7 |* i: d- c+ c7 j, p
9 k* q" M3 N+ B0 g+ ^
Honoring the Dead# V3 l' Q7 N- M4 H. E' d4 @4 I2 w7 H( x9 i
43. Political mourning4 t; S; Q4 ?: s& y3 F8 |' @: [4 `
44. Mock funerals4 G. E! I+ U/ W0 ~" J9 ]" q/ Q
45. Demonstrative funerals7 Y( T' P. g& U8 p u8 Y# @
46. Homage at burial places" j6 Z- U" O( S7 I" A3 p% z
- Z9 F! S# M: APublic Assemblies# K; E; R/ R% d
47. Assemblies of protest or support
( N% l$ b. W' P$ S 48. Protest meetings
1 V" I5 K4 c1 a6 L7 f 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
. r$ j' c3 k, e 50. Teach-ins
5 L {8 K' I s4 K' Q
6 \! E) H* ]# L0 U5 pWithdrawal and Renunciation: [( _8 o ]" \9 f4 G! H9 J0 a8 u
51. Walk-outs* _7 Z! Z. m* \8 v
52. Silence- Q E+ I0 E4 u7 K6 P6 h
53. Renouncing honors$ p! @! f& d: {1 Z4 t
54. Turning one’s back
. v1 y5 \: k3 a2 W! l& i4 ]8 T; v3 @% b% j, G4 l4 i
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7 j/ H% K0 A* _+ G/ lTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
`5 g5 p, r1 @) H {1 U; \% ^4 O' g! m- R* Y- V+ L
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' ] P! F5 ?! v: q. G' G2 P& qOstracism of Persons
& N* u9 m/ ]; C5 G* [ 55. Social boycott
7 b& S% c8 D, G, _) W3 W* O0 T 56. Selective social boycott3 L; G- S3 \% o: w" t3 s
57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ w( v0 u3 H3 H* h& H 58. Excommunication( }: ^8 |0 P7 m
59. Interdict
8 N/ L" }0 M5 V9 c7 N6 k4 c; w2 b- K# [" y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions v. d3 w( [- t
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
$ A( c& i: @- q Z" n; G# \ 61. Boycott of social affairs
, l+ I# c% j7 ]- Y 62. Student strike+ T, I/ U- C3 \& ?% _
63. Social disobedience
. y3 J/ ^8 i6 Q# ] 64. Withdrawal from social institutions! \7 ~6 Q0 c! H# F
; C' M9 \& J5 U
Withdrawal from the Social System
& u! B! h" r+ v u- I5 B! u& e 65. Stay-at-home
8 h" j, O/ v- p; x5 p; a 66. Total personal noncooperation" S; m6 V4 b K8 R( X- V# W
67. “Flight” of workers
" ~& F- E @ S! G% C4 l8 N# U 68. Sanctuary% Q/ Z1 Q+ `* ?" ^8 _
69. Collective disappearance: o N+ v! N. @) h
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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. h$ F, p7 }; C/ Z: q0 ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
/ [+ ]! P) L4 Q+ y/ d: u# H
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2 J4 d+ x8 Y- j; y! YActions by Consumers
v8 w1 l4 o. x# i' h% @- @# y Z 71. Consumers’ boycott* N# d2 w; Q, G, w8 T3 y$ r2 `4 L9 A0 S
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 o x/ Z- c* E; A 73. Policy of austerity
8 N& x9 U4 ]- ` 74. Rent withholding1 s2 m& K* N: ^9 i( J4 F$ C
75. Refusal to rent' R K. F3 G2 l0 S# w! ~$ W5 @% L, Q
76. National consumers’ boycott+ c Z, z# h3 e1 o( {2 e; D5 w
77. International consumers’ boycott+ C6 v/ h9 i3 i1 q- g b
: F& H' ^3 C+ {, v7 j$ P
Action by Workers and Producers- p0 a* @& x" O$ l) H g; K1 ~4 ?. w
78. Workmen’s boycott& U9 ~6 i z; S7 Q
79. Producers’ boycott) Z7 j$ Z6 c5 }3 j1 O* O( |
l- j' G# p. @ dAction by Middlemen9 l8 `+ G# \) J* Y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
' v4 E% K) h9 P2 W! B5 S% v+ U
& I( G" p" g8 o7 ~Action by Owners and Management, _ K' Q8 I! d: [
81. Traders’ boycott; j0 }$ x! {5 `/ X
82. Refusal to let or sell property1 \, L5 \4 p/ E. \8 K+ j
83. Lockout& ~ Z' t4 ~8 [1 B. }9 I; I$ ]
84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 O+ X& F) H9 j( B
85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 K) U' |. v1 N
7 o. u+ ?- g* g0 p* B8 X EAction by Holders of Financial Resources2 r, R5 M0 P0 z2 D7 A Q; s
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
: @ S9 o( E/ T( U 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments, r# X: v& ~/ J$ a
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% @! m2 [3 ~3 W5 u4 j 89. Severance of funds and credit
( X0 I+ W$ `2 ?8 G& t. I, t 90. Revenue refusal5 F- v; ~" B) z0 U, ^( b5 \
91. Refusal of a government’s money! f* Z4 ~6 i: J! H: o& A; X- |
g& a" g) K* Q* IAction by Governments/ [4 U8 h t' ~& H# Z9 u7 a0 ^
92. Domestic embargo
+ B1 i" M2 ^3 i 93. Blacklisting of traders- ^4 g1 o' Y6 I- J; r
94. International sellers’ embargo& t6 H/ H" b+ n8 g
95. International buyers’ embargo. K k% V3 S. ?+ `5 A1 O/ W1 d
96. International trade embargo" \! I/ V- ~8 d. p3 r9 d
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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# S2 ?7 n' a8 u: N) L% f 2 m" B3 |; b8 A. C" \7 u# X
Symbolic Strikes
! y* N2 L9 ^' L5 c `1 O 97. Protest strike
' o S1 {$ P) m" Z. X) V, e+ n 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
) e$ \* ~* j8 U4 g* Q# l( d, ?. T4 f" q J
Agricultural Strikes
9 L. L% R. F$ |* H2 u/ @( I6 s 99. Peasant strike
9 I; t8 Z. e$ k, Z/ i* ` 100. Farm Workers’ strike4 w1 o2 f4 ?2 n; H1 u
7 o* F; M* [! C- t+ \1 K3 c
Strikes by Special Groups. k1 w, \6 R1 a' d5 n3 |1 Y
101. Refusal of impressed labor3 q$ @1 r6 ] q) E
102. Prisoners’ strike
+ Z U- ~. ^, }+ k9 Y# @ 103. Craft strike3 S6 n2 K) J" C: [' j& @* @3 ^' J
104. Professional strike
$ ~8 j( E. u, k8 H
/ h4 U8 p6 L+ m! x' p* }Ordinary Industrial Strikes
$ T$ Q7 `: f7 P" y3 t% i 105. Establishment strike( Y; W$ u ^0 _
106. Industry strike
3 s3 E) u, v& G 107. Sympathetic strike0 Q- E' B5 @: n _: a
?) e( Q5 X: W: ~ w
Restricted Strikes
% \' ~" D( L6 ^ 108. Detailed strike
0 l o D+ a4 n8 Z- c/ x6 I 109. Bumper strike9 R6 ` g. L7 B, S( {
110. Slowdown strike
' l, W3 T* [3 {( z 111. Working-to-rule strike" g+ x/ I! v y6 N
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 e8 a' o K9 }' v! C
113. Strike by resignation
* `; H$ P: s8 M' S( D% o 114. Limited strike
" M3 o+ k7 _4 m/ y! N 115. Selective strike! U) U3 s5 p( V/ c9 \/ Z5 y2 ?2 _/ d E
e" |0 ^& L2 ?$ o2 ]
Multi-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike: s& Z% y4 K; F
9 }+ O! x) z* X9 B4 B. L% C
117. General strike
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( ~. d ~5 ?4 _Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures) f. E5 Q; x, e4 q) r* v" o
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118. Hartal
; E. o. A, p( k9 ^% s( G- v
; O) X/ b- m9 G( L 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
; Y1 L) }4 @4 }! e% Y- Z6 ^- b, f- ^1 z5 x! s" ?) d7 O+ @
. K C# y& v2 _5 ?: i" z9 h+ ~Rejection of Authority
8 A3 k" a6 W1 c9 ^8 }, z" e 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% o3 G7 Y; f1 ?1 t0 r$ k6 X 121. Refusal of public support
/ ]5 J6 R6 r* y9 R 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance3 y! u0 I% X }2 V; U9 U1 r& t
3 l% X( h ^. ]; d8 `0 eCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government' U: h7 o. ~' Q4 o( O1 u" f
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ |6 x/ k+ V& ~) `3 I
124. Boycott of elections% V& X7 q* d5 U0 x! W& O$ X
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
( @0 W$ Y6 F' c# e% P 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies9 B6 j/ D& d y/ |7 D' G6 ^8 G' B
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( e9 L4 ^; B2 v1 J 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 R; ^7 x) \/ t' B# [/ c5 \2 W
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
?# K9 c& y/ u4 d6 E# p' \ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# J8 ~% c8 k1 b9 l
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 S4 ?0 z8 _& F, e; z3 H- c. W
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
, g5 J8 M Q7 \; T0 i# `3 Q8 F3 x3 C5 h; L& a7 P# O$ d
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) D( X% Q- D( J# P
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; I! }/ M; W# m3 r s6 s 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" A" A5 R( y3 f% i9 Y 135. Popular nonobedience3 U( H Z0 n) @, D
136. Disguised disobedience
; Z$ w. Z" J! ?2 d9 R E A 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse: J: ~# r% x l/ g1 [1 n
138. Sitdown8 }, H; X3 z7 M- [6 @
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" k3 d" K% @- c7 |, ^1 e) O& w. S
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ _. c2 U* C# N d# {$ X }8 b* x% d" @
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
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Action by Government Personnel
( k6 t9 }4 `2 g" }0 d 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: ?: I+ k# _: ]( t" F2 v m 143. Blocking of lines of command and information! q( Y* z0 j0 p/ u: @0 U
144. Stalling and obstruction
& e; b# G4 T# ~ 145. General administrative noncooperation
% o. J% P( W. d+ ?& `
' l& {/ P. l& b. z, {& r 146. Judicial noncooperation
5 U3 U' I. {- t! V2 \5 u 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" n( a* L3 T( h9 ~! u% Q 148. Mutiny
6 _9 k( p: ^% U0 l3 JDomestic Governmental Action
, a! G" Y* M+ U 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 z" }! E+ {0 r 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units; A4 C) Y- Q3 p+ W U' |
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International Governmental Action
+ J: V% q3 v% M# V; l( g& L- q: c 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations: z% B% c8 z9 L H4 I! T! X6 e4 F
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- q! V, @! h' W" b% _8 y 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* I7 v, H) [8 e7 b 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 T, ?( ~# x' n! E0 u& ^
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
, A: {5 h5 z9 q 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies) y& v- Y o9 c4 H1 D3 }$ w
157. Expulsion from international organizations- H, ~4 e7 q- z: t
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; R+ g4 Y/ D$ v# f& C% ?THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# J! K& v6 y/ q
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v! I- t3 X" ~/ |9 ]5 DPsychological Intervention1 ] |+ q t) V8 [
158. Self-exposure to the elements
" }1 C( ^- k `5 |0 v) D/ Q, v 159. The fast: D. m, ^3 }+ P" p4 x' F
a) Fast of moral pressure& x9 C9 u4 ^2 B' {7 Q
b) Hunger strike& u0 d7 S7 q! O V( p) }' p
c) Satyagrahic fast
: @, L( P0 \& q9 o' Y+ } 160. Reverse trial" Z" L+ I7 @1 S" K( B
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention
0 Y. D3 h: j: ^, q 162. Sit-in( b: {# E# u5 C& f- m
163. Stand-in: C* c! L+ h" ~0 F* p
164. Ride-in
7 M2 b6 a! T9 y; e- z 165. Wade-in) x: j. t7 H3 v% e5 E6 Q# H Y
166. Mill-in
' D( I9 h% \! x 167. Pray-in
, T. G$ o9 ]$ K9 k" I9 Q 168. Nonviolent raids# |3 Z5 c" r# @4 W0 U2 @- W, z3 P
169. Nonviolent air raids
! c' K4 s U4 r3 F9 K$ r 170. Nonviolent invasion7 r3 x# o1 O8 Y: }' X G4 X" @
171. Nonviolent interjection
. `. x- |; P% d7 H- U. ^# r 172. Nonviolent obstruction# ~& s+ ~5 v; P. r! e" n c
173. Nonviolent occupation, @1 ^- `) q' T {: r; U
# H2 h/ r# w. Y' ^Social Intervention0 E9 r f" ?; ^) N2 X2 h' U, H
174. Establishing new social patterns
! z3 W- V5 d5 T# e 175. Overloading of facilities6 X, `; F c% v+ H6 W
176. Stall-in
4 p& E. W: U$ P+ B. l$ Z 177. Speak-in: X( \0 J8 Y" W" f2 {" ^7 ~+ r M
178. Guerrilla theater8 i; |+ U6 a* H2 R2 d1 `
179. Alternative social institutions. I" A0 v5 O) ^3 D, w
180. Alternative communication system3 {- M6 s" @$ G/ i. q1 B
$ U" L" Z5 _' K9 lEconomic Intervention( s8 k8 i7 [8 b9 @2 ?9 s
181. Reverse strike8 J: d$ H& i' \1 w
182. Stay-in strike
5 ]" l* Y+ B5 ?3 B 183. Nonviolent land seizure
. F. Y9 O7 f5 A 184. Defiance of blockades; }( r) Z5 _3 ]3 U% S; _
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting, P. {4 S6 k# I: |$ b5 j% z
186. Preclusive purchasing
5 a7 y3 R1 [) x( ` N$ f. _7 W4 { 187. Seizure of assets1 M; ~5 R; j d
188. Dumping
- Y9 M1 b) Q3 K6 _ 189. Selective patronage
; Q; P* F) u. `; t% a 190. Alternative markets
( S& z. D" F2 U: {0 j 191. Alternative transportation systems
' Y1 P' u/ ]0 u# K" ? 192. Alternative economic institutions" M2 g6 S' C0 u n* s% H
& m, I) o+ y7 K8 x6 n' @4 fPolitical Intervention
& D6 v5 U v" `- y9 h" c# e( O; O- r 193. Overloading of administrative systems% r8 n W. G/ S
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 b/ s4 q, u& J( E) i+ M: s 195. Seeking imprisonment
/ A$ S. D. L' V& i' p( q, I 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) F1 [6 j: t& `1 W 197. Work-on without collaboration- s) U& N$ G( ]2 f" K$ H& o$ H
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government# s& d& r/ W& D- Y4 B
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
