 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 M8 }7 H7 u3 @( }6 [, j. @1 U2 h
Formal Statements
% E! n* Z' j4 I8 r) n 1. Public Speeches& ?0 e7 N. J: _+ r1 o. n8 M Z3 B
2. Letters of opposition or support
' C! e. _) m5 I1 W) x8 d* Z. D2 ]# J 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions: L* M G- ?$ Y ~( b8 c2 r
4. Signed public statements
4 U' {& s8 o6 |' ]. o" n" Z0 X 5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 A6 U- H2 N" A8 e7 q8 Z7 b
6. Group or mass petitions& ^" U4 f6 \# L! y$ i
& k. k% @% S6 v/ j1 Q" d. uCommunications with a Wider Audience6 R! K, V) K; M5 p
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
! n0 L( t- Q1 O+ u# Y7 x 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications: P# M- ^& n M8 S$ Z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
" p8 K5 I3 J. F 10. Newspapers and journals- U: {; V* u0 C
11. Records, radio, and television
: F% w5 t" |, Q0 ~ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 z: ~$ H: H4 e. H9 T6 N
4 G# m+ t- r9 E. I% \7 P+ oGroup Representations
) E# o& m9 n( q3 l" y6 k 13. Deputations
, T# w/ d7 v) R3 q 14. Mock awards
7 ^9 ^$ _" E& E+ e% Y 15. Group lobbying+ v/ d9 T# X& L5 Z" \* a
16. Picketing
' q0 ?) \: m V& ?0 n 17. Mock elections
! a' _' G6 s' g8 H) ?# ]
5 L' Z. M; [9 @( `9 bSymbolic Public Acts( v. I* G! f3 e# E4 T
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& Q* c% `6 X2 {3 s0 b
19. Wearing of symbols8 ?2 z5 R) y& M: O; O8 f2 E
20. Prayer and worship
5 l7 x+ W& [1 e) |0 z" ` 21. Delivering symbolic objects: Q% W- c: R& d4 L7 Y3 r
22. Protest disrobings8 g! d* G$ M+ k* g9 L; r$ p
23. Destruction of own property# a7 ?) U6 ]) R3 S% d
24. Symbolic lights9 s0 O" \4 v. Y7 X* w
25. Displays of portraits
$ F( P& W( B4 L 26. Paint as protest+ h1 K# U/ [+ Z* v
27. New signs and names& N6 A) x+ @& W3 S4 m) T9 Q. D3 Z
28. Symbolic sounds
4 e3 D" I/ r" \+ a 29. Symbolic reclamations2 r- V* ^+ c7 Q2 V
30. Rude gestures
, o) v( F2 z: B1 r2 b2 a3 p% S, { _# x& J4 T
Pressures on Individuals
% T2 E3 A) D0 L+ B- l1 ^ 31. “Haunting” officials
5 R5 [7 \; n& m7 p 32. Taunting officials
/ [% M2 b8 B) A& S5 J8 F 33. Fraternization' R: S: V! V& A0 a
34. Vigils
! j ]/ O" f: s& Q) @7 i$ U
7 l4 B4 q8 f' b/ x4 X I5 Y8 Q6 LDrama and Music
$ k/ \; s: S& f1 Q" C+ z 35. Humorous skits and pranks/ z, }7 a) I. z, D: M1 q- m5 ]2 P
36. Performances of plays and music2 s9 X2 g9 H5 ?
37. Singing. l" `4 d# B6 i/ M# \
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Processions
% v: p% E, Y, Y9 o 38. Marches7 F0 o; ?2 x( o
39. Parades. e3 h1 y0 d' y' `, T( _5 u; H- K2 I
40. Religious processions* R# }! `9 n7 v1 A" f) k% J
41. Pilgrimages
8 g* W" k. d8 S+ u& j& H' C 42. Motorcades& Y; d2 b! P' h) W0 j* o
3 v$ O- K6 E$ {Honoring the Dead
+ i. a3 m7 m- ^4 _+ @( J* C 43. Political mourning
; o( _( p; \( [" V0 Q2 ] 44. Mock funerals( j; \% i$ i* I/ Z; Y* m
45. Demonstrative funerals/ X& K' Q/ ]- N. X# U1 O, C
46. Homage at burial places& Z/ `& w& z: D' s0 c T
$ L/ w2 k6 b$ y
Public Assemblies6 L" J7 u8 b D1 S N5 f; y
47. Assemblies of protest or support
" h% ^! t. x9 q" s. d+ _ 48. Protest meetings- W) b! p, i5 M' [: z% R+ l G
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest4 N4 ?/ R& V( {
50. Teach-ins# J. ~+ l" Y( l+ F$ B, K1 U0 I1 D& k
! a6 F0 V0 v! K& t% h" oWithdrawal and Renunciation
$ P$ b, ~4 I9 C6 Y' D& W 51. Walk-outs
8 S5 e% S! R/ r" } 52. Silence
( d5 M# o# u3 r' r/ j, W 53. Renouncing honors
: S# {! h% V4 ?" c9 B6 Z 54. Turning one’s back- U2 a5 P7 d. Q! F
2 r! H+ T, i% E$ W$ a" {# \- y % ~9 R2 c) M: a& R3 Z( r
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- {$ y, I, d0 A1 G9 E, T
0 ]4 H4 D# l; A% C! g . g0 A# b9 S8 [) s( l! _! {
" e3 G8 b0 N* `: ^+ Q/ L
Ostracism of Persons& U% }' E* P$ |2 q2 [
55. Social boycott
' j9 K. D; Z, h 56. Selective social boycott
# ]# b# v) V9 T" R* W 57. Lysistratic nonaction7 V7 `' C/ O8 X- L4 e
58. Excommunication! u/ W& c+ x# @' e5 g
59. Interdict. j1 S# _0 K k# q7 ]( X! }# y; G
* B1 J2 O( I: }, W# B8 xNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' b' E" b/ b3 m, H$ _4 w# ?0 C 60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ k6 |3 S2 {% {
61. Boycott of social affairs/ H/ c$ s, Y! M, e& H
62. Student strike
1 e8 ~+ U6 D$ b 63. Social disobedience# Q8 H% Z2 z, }9 i y
64. Withdrawal from social institutions' b5 E1 |. [9 l
8 m4 j5 P2 V9 @
Withdrawal from the Social System
( w+ U4 ]7 D8 i6 C9 E9 [6 G 65. Stay-at-home5 h; c) n! K+ c8 R/ o/ Y7 W0 O' B
66. Total personal noncooperation
- g% m* L+ h' @" I/ E, P5 ` 67. “Flight” of workers4 i* N: A* x" o
68. Sanctuary u5 u) @1 f; h5 L0 }# A2 P
69. Collective disappearance( g/ o6 i) v; v' U; D
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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; n0 C& L# ? | Q, [- V" G8 oTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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# g7 y2 K$ K' }; ^ 3 Y# J. X: @: X6 J4 |3 P' T8 E
Actions by Consumers/ ]% c- W+ r5 O O
71. Consumers’ boycott& O4 G* v* [5 o) T3 S+ w, Y% s
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
2 y; Q7 y4 C$ J7 ~ q 73. Policy of austerity8 r v$ R y4 T7 p5 B
74. Rent withholding
# }3 O! }* l; _9 U, H3 `) F L* }6 r 75. Refusal to rent
* n9 S9 U0 {& I" ?- ` 76. National consumers’ boycott7 l3 l( L5 ]5 R3 u m- L. G
77. International consumers’ boycott! g# V7 g( w A' m. k$ O
& E: k1 {6 q" W8 P) tAction by Workers and Producers
& K3 T0 S! |3 e/ x 78. Workmen’s boycott0 b' O1 [4 v3 |5 w, T
79. Producers’ boycott$ Y8 u1 h! k& G3 n* t
0 o9 U# q) V; d5 {Action by Middlemen/ O. @- t/ {8 o8 |
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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; ?5 k2 W! h1 R- kAction by Owners and Management
$ ^7 j$ m, U6 d1 ?( q, Z 81. Traders’ boycott1 q) A. y8 w3 A; j
82. Refusal to let or sell property( @4 X# h( \5 [- D
83. Lockout
( b6 j; u; W" U2 U( K7 i3 q 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
2 X4 I$ c' S, o! W: z; n% `. e- c 85. Merchants’ “general strike”3 l1 }9 S. N4 ?* C0 ]
; g$ c( ^0 v) H8 y
Action by Holders of Financial Resources1 N) ]1 A' J- p. N. D7 F
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits+ I2 D g# P- A5 p+ R+ }
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 v& v9 v& v# B" x+ ?# H 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest$ Z% n: {- [* N- d- q5 q
89. Severance of funds and credit
# B8 ?3 Y; r3 K 90. Revenue refusal! Z3 O# B1 o0 Q. |0 B/ X# p4 Z
91. Refusal of a government’s money) D8 V/ W( D( y" R" H. d
. a' z2 O, _8 W$ \& r* a( |6 IAction by Governments$ x8 T, l" d) |/ K6 l! ^
92. Domestic embargo
- _$ b/ n) A. W/ T/ W$ W* I 93. Blacklisting of traders
! l/ w$ u, ]* x& G: A% g 94. International sellers’ embargo
7 R$ R6 E' S) l* o- k& G 95. International buyers’ embargo
7 Y3 t4 k$ P2 e: i1 w 96. International trade embargo e8 N5 [& c9 d( g1 O/ P
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- J( y2 @/ v/ l( }1 g, M- S* dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" P7 `. l# z t3 X
& t) x t; }* c- m5 t6 V) G
& r3 _/ r" D- h3 C& J! ], Y
Symbolic Strikes
+ e& Y6 Z0 p+ N" Y( B 97. Protest strike
+ R, H" l: i# n1 E0 S 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
0 w1 z$ B6 G) J* B8 d( G6 k
) X) {+ a. K4 s# K6 zAgricultural Strikes, X% B7 a9 o3 ^
99. Peasant strike
$ C1 {# G7 n2 A, q+ ~ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
5 r# i' x: D7 X- W, K% @$ I
; W$ x, h3 | j6 T/ ?Strikes by Special Groups& G4 g+ t( u7 ?# u; d2 ]8 D: u! p" T
101. Refusal of impressed labor
B2 K: `8 Q' ?5 W4 w, L; p: ` 102. Prisoners’ strike- S& M4 p% n% b# v) V4 G
103. Craft strike
. P. N q1 |6 w+ K" U9 M& w$ g- E 104. Professional strike9 G* w9 U$ z! R( Y
" z/ Z3 ?( d/ i% `
Ordinary Industrial Strikes. R9 u' P. c" t
105. Establishment strike
, Q* X" O* W0 k! y 106. Industry strike
- u! ~/ A b1 b 107. Sympathetic strike3 w& o, J2 ^& K4 u: `: Z4 ]# U' H
- [: x; r: h0 \+ \( O. Z# l3 uRestricted Strikes
% F% T% V$ T, S, L. ]: l7 n7 ^0 r; |9 T 108. Detailed strike6 p' H0 |" b8 Z b" {! q% T0 c8 J, ~
109. Bumper strike
$ w8 G$ p( y- Y8 S* x2 |; @ 110. Slowdown strike/ `; r" H% m0 }! i0 t. l
111. Working-to-rule strike/ m2 J# p: C- \7 M* c
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: C! U- R/ S1 w2 Y 113. Strike by resignation7 ^3 W, q5 K9 V) B( |: p$ x
114. Limited strike
2 b! j3 M8 G% Q& B9 c' f3 Z3 M, f 115. Selective strike
5 U& Q/ ^" n) Z* I, r* \9 j$ r3 |7 ?& J$ _" F
Multi-Industry Strikes
( I# w$ L0 \) I
2 {& j: }# r/ }/ k- u 116. Generalized strike( o- Q0 i' y: ~
% U% ?+ Q2 z- R1 g$ k 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
) p7 w! h0 O0 r6 X9 N3 a
0 r3 ^; _: g) u 119. Economic shutdown
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$ H2 h: G8 z- R/ z0 S8 @1 |THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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) j( M: `1 _% j5 ~: E% G) w2 JRejection of Authority- F) c) t y& _1 X* v$ H' a$ g
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
- w( l* H: Q r. [ I" G 121. Refusal of public support3 }. }3 q! x" ^ H3 t
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 ^3 [6 |5 A! E! R5 \, Z4 G$ V4 b2 G- t" L
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
# G q# j3 n% z `3 c 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 o/ Q8 X! h I5 g 124. Boycott of elections
; s* m3 f7 l! L" z. T 125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 o3 l, S7 t' r2 t. Q0 I" }
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
& i/ r! ~2 Z) C+ P& Z% g 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
7 Y' P4 n& V+ {( |0 _5 r 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations- r7 T) b" w- @/ H) C
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: J% y7 U) x& [; _: t# |8 c/ C2 i 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
2 a( o$ s% R# W1 @* ? 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
[! R8 v) D% w; ^6 j 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: I9 r8 Q# {4 M% b* g
% a% Z! q' C' Y, @1 gCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ x0 q( T2 F% i% z8 [5 E
133. Reluctant and slow compliance, `2 Y# I" C! o* |) L3 O; D& {
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
& T& `5 O4 _! h/ ^ 135. Popular nonobedience
6 H$ U$ c- ?1 J, C$ l6 X3 |( r 136. Disguised disobedience' F% W$ R- G; ]( p' R# k, C+ l
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' ^8 `0 Y8 w' |; U1 d- u2 u9 ?
138. Sitdown& j6 _8 R: |0 H9 C! ~
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 o2 g" k9 o9 a- T) r 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities3 O. V4 B; i+ S2 p% q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws4 z; N3 j7 n' ^2 J. m
) U$ A6 x* p+ t, mAction by Government Personnel, J& S8 B' c' M' c" W
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
: U! V- W3 {: ]$ R8 t; E% z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. L% M- x J2 c' I7 o 144. Stalling and obstruction0 O3 g1 l. h* ]- B. _
145. General administrative noncooperation5 U) I/ i+ \: i1 k0 N
$ b6 i8 f/ O8 \ 146. Judicial noncooperation
# F _( s. D+ Y7 M# d 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents1 T8 O5 P% S4 e r" V
148. Mutiny
9 h. i. a5 |* ]* I# P# @3 YDomestic Governmental Action, ^# C( w* [: a6 ~% D
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; }; f0 \! y8 X3 e* G& m8 v
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# F4 l: g% X0 d. S
! E* T+ x* w2 H. y" s+ \International Governmental Action
/ C0 v* u9 H' \5 d( [! X 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% \2 b: k) O: j 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" ~5 J1 E# ~/ {; M% n/ f 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
1 q s0 D; B6 b 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
% h9 ^% r7 `, }+ d8 u 155. Withdrawal from international organizations, p% L5 [" A, L4 H$ y
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- o( w" l) U5 }& E) d
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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* i, G0 x# B. l" z7 @" NPsychological Intervention
& T! H* h3 ]% C _. M# _ 158. Self-exposure to the elements" Z$ j% W b4 ?# v3 W$ m7 Y7 T) ^
159. The fast' D0 z% ^1 S `, C( k
a) Fast of moral pressure) p$ s) ?/ a8 t. [+ X/ `. b
b) Hunger strike+ d$ W- H. S) A. q
c) Satyagrahic fast
- C) R2 @/ G5 R A+ i( [ 160. Reverse trial
) M& `) L1 d- n, d 161. Nonviolent harassment) q$ @8 B) L7 C6 M- Q1 F
7 }$ j" _7 K# d( U& [Physical Intervention
! _# Q8 o' J3 }7 p7 F 162. Sit-in
; Y# d7 j% ^6 Q4 C9 X 163. Stand-in; |* D7 b# C& {1 R6 p
164. Ride-in
7 F& F' Q7 _# K) @/ n* ?% T 165. Wade-in
2 R3 _/ A7 y% U" V% e, ` S9 p 166. Mill-in1 j0 v- N- r D. a7 c
167. Pray-in$ u1 i( }7 u6 K. a9 R
168. Nonviolent raids
2 \* }( `6 p: J, X2 M4 d 169. Nonviolent air raids: V5 f \8 n Z; [! }
170. Nonviolent invasion
$ }, S1 t2 }: \8 @ 171. Nonviolent interjection, }) h, E" K* b& J8 }' }$ k# a# a
172. Nonviolent obstruction& x1 @6 |1 f0 O/ r! V# i# e$ J
173. Nonviolent occupation
5 M B3 b P ?5 b) Z
8 q/ t: Y( w% _! M" ESocial Intervention1 r/ y& u. Z( q: G3 w
174. Establishing new social patterns
! F9 P* \) ~# G# h: L6 b1 M 175. Overloading of facilities
) o% ^. h5 R8 W 176. Stall-in( j1 G6 ?3 ^7 i
177. Speak-in4 ?1 z8 k6 F ~
178. Guerrilla theater
# [. F- o9 ]8 _$ a q/ J8 b 179. Alternative social institutions
! N+ V& {3 F* K$ a8 l$ P0 n% i 180. Alternative communication system
3 W& Q( f; X. N4 ]2 j5 Q0 {+ h! _5 d
. }9 D6 _ ?1 a" HEconomic Intervention4 T( s6 z& V' @( z, ^, j
181. Reverse strike, ?! m# {' ]& c* k
182. Stay-in strike- w5 @ ?* f7 B1 Q; Z
183. Nonviolent land seizure
- H8 J. |8 q* `& A6 k9 _7 L; l 184. Defiance of blockades
6 Z( N6 o. g- L. ], s' {" F 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! T7 ?7 B" z8 P 186. Preclusive purchasing+ s. `. r% G, }
187. Seizure of assets" {' C8 v$ ` u% |
188. Dumping
$ m' J2 G# D/ \+ G) M 189. Selective patronage! j$ a/ X2 j& U1 a3 L8 D
190. Alternative markets
; X) [; Y: c1 s1 D4 F6 {/ N8 B0 l 191. Alternative transportation systems q, N0 b6 N- C/ j
192. Alternative economic institutions3 g: m( a7 }0 R/ e* P- L
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Political Intervention
% F/ j+ D4 @. e8 \4 f! r 193. Overloading of administrative systems
! |1 ~; a2 |! o' b$ r" E 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 G1 i! u4 w- `: j
195. Seeking imprisonment
4 B* M7 L' ~7 i' D" w+ l& V 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
4 R: p3 r1 n& ~( o1 h8 I L 197. Work-on without collaboration4 c+ v/ X7 j; s7 L1 q; U. d ~
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government% M4 a, I$ b0 u! E1 ~- T3 v
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
