 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ [: y$ z8 V2 Y G, f. wFormal Statements
7 \. M* ` P8 ]# Z" m) J2 K6 W 1. Public Speeches
: r8 g, ?& J1 M/ I 2. Letters of opposition or support
& i. W7 B2 H8 j. ~' B 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 `4 U9 r0 u' N4 I) w
4. Signed public statements; N i8 s* |: d) Y4 e' V& i
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
' n. U6 D+ Y8 i/ z4 I 6. Group or mass petitions
2 j" y( R6 B$ \) [5 j! H
9 H! k F# d" o, _, kCommunications with a Wider Audience0 I: V1 n" k) t" C
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 ^$ k3 n/ D( d/ B& s, ^5 W
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* g6 f( B( d% A5 R( j1 p: w 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
7 Q+ k+ k& c$ W2 h) P8 H5 J1 j( c+ k 10. Newspapers and journals
6 r' `- _- z7 ~+ ~! S 11. Records, radio, and television5 K; O6 |6 t) C) C$ C4 l
12. Skywriting and earthwriting. n9 y' ?( I6 l/ [/ ^8 P) E
9 q8 C1 b7 C" \4 m" YGroup Representations
' d& r- I9 E( Y2 }3 d 13. Deputations% I8 R& _" o, l! l
14. Mock awards0 Q3 `, H9 M! Q6 q7 B7 o! R
15. Group lobbying4 v9 n) t, a+ [5 ^) z
16. Picketing
; O9 m- c* `/ J" o 17. Mock elections
/ @: Q( q0 a2 b3 ]6 ?3 |- @- R. c# v; L5 G: V+ h
Symbolic Public Acts1 B; ]5 H" D! j3 @$ T3 V6 |
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 Y" W5 ]! N7 ^* m2 R+ m6 b 19. Wearing of symbols
7 V* G w% A9 w 20. Prayer and worship
# v4 b, \: \8 i: q0 q! R* W3 M- B- G 21. Delivering symbolic objects; g; U: t+ P& `* R, Y
22. Protest disrobings$ G8 U( o% e& a& d: P
23. Destruction of own property
9 M+ J: a5 N: k( Q 24. Symbolic lights' z0 D* W! F2 J3 @4 D
25. Displays of portraits: c. e; Z) b9 t
26. Paint as protest' L% I ?. @* }0 l$ p# Y7 W0 c
27. New signs and names& R3 i! G* I" j
28. Symbolic sounds% ~9 \8 l* z% N: o% J2 n# l3 b$ w
29. Symbolic reclamations
9 y) W8 X& S" ` 30. Rude gestures& M, V/ E7 I" _! G9 ]/ R3 ^7 L
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Pressures on Individuals
! ?" Z0 Q/ p+ O6 L& J 31. “Haunting” officials
4 F. j7 k5 [9 S; @/ [1 d 32. Taunting officials
1 o4 q, {4 X0 ~ 33. Fraternization
. m. z+ u& E: A/ B9 |8 y 34. Vigils
- d) L c+ B0 b0 {4 l$ @
) { v( x( v: A. k- O' [Drama and Music% Y6 Q; \3 C A W; N- p h+ J
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ x/ P2 c8 y. \, {8 H
36. Performances of plays and music, m J7 z$ R s3 a! p) `
37. Singing/ H1 o8 V' z3 z9 ~5 F
0 d2 ~3 i) m C: lProcessions. `& U1 E& j+ M5 ? L0 p. p
38. Marches3 s. }4 T/ d! K# U: D. s; V J% @
39. Parades3 x6 M: t2 e b. a
40. Religious processions
' x6 H- ?, ~+ r) k: K: T. a/ s 41. Pilgrimages
6 H8 s" e. A' N) B3 h1 b: H" a 42. Motorcades( L- R* n! ?* B
1 m' i/ o& H/ d- A5 d
Honoring the Dead
V4 z0 L, @3 m) u1 J2 s 43. Political mourning/ U$ s/ _9 c" H7 X" Z3 M7 J
44. Mock funerals' t* e/ F0 v- i8 G; |
45. Demonstrative funerals
) L4 n& ~6 A9 K 46. Homage at burial places2 A# O4 P( X% Y/ E5 p
6 M) T; x( g8 m
Public Assemblies
! g1 \& T$ ~8 ] 47. Assemblies of protest or support
8 J: Z& z% h' q! C9 X 48. Protest meetings, T2 [. ~7 f/ I
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
8 A) M" o4 @5 [. ^3 N( s1 T0 g, k 50. Teach-ins2 \' Y4 ^) f$ s5 Y5 q% V* o7 b' L
4 o0 B$ y. G9 D+ M3 e& T
Withdrawal and Renunciation: _+ ~7 v1 F) o" V$ B
51. Walk-outs8 W( H1 [9 `) B* g0 W
52. Silence
4 ]3 P. g' G% a* \( B X' W( m 53. Renouncing honors
- Z7 s" \; `6 C$ ~2 I 54. Turning one’s back
, f) [4 Q4 e8 K1 X3 N+ c. d
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: l# L" ]" Y/ ]5 R; `5 a6 U" t8 T; [- e+ a7 `8 g9 R6 c
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# ?/ C0 b; u5 _& t' f6 a7 B5 D/ T
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# A. s0 M* I8 z' J/ e! ?2 u4 l2 vOstracism of Persons# t) G- X9 I0 D" a! r1 q
55. Social boycott9 A# P: Q8 r& }) a+ h, ]4 }3 `3 j
56. Selective social boycott
" Y! ^# M4 @, b& X- I 57. Lysistratic nonaction
& G0 h: w+ H$ @. u( E& V 58. Excommunication2 D U$ k. C$ `- R, @3 j3 V
59. Interdict
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: W6 x! h. [9 z8 s- _6 h; C# xNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 s; _; B* `. h* u. w
60. Suspension of social and sports activities( O; Z. k* c! `. A0 \
61. Boycott of social affairs; `8 [' {. d, {6 v
62. Student strike e4 I4 N$ f6 E$ z
63. Social disobedience7 ?( C$ |% p5 v* `. }0 @1 O8 s
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 ~7 \+ a. ?0 v; |- Z6 ?& Y# i! \# G, y& d2 c/ P
Withdrawal from the Social System* [% }! W2 r7 p0 m* e" Q
65. Stay-at-home2 Z* g: v( B% p" r) O* X- O# |
66. Total personal noncooperation
6 u: @) j) d8 E7 \! L- K 67. “Flight” of workers
3 f4 p" ], x5 X: x& M 68. Sanctuary2 w- ]! y# A3 X0 x" [9 {; v7 t, h
69. Collective disappearance
9 U: F+ W5 Y. B, B1 m 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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5 \, o; b, C+ u1 L: _& ?
+ U _/ P& }- U2 _' fActions by Consumers( P. ]4 n3 @# B ~4 ^6 F8 r N
71. Consumers’ boycott
: M2 L- f; t+ C4 S% m" j 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ C# Z% }6 Z4 A! G" _ r0 `# o2 | h
73. Policy of austerity
- W1 a2 M: G+ J0 L/ U7 J 74. Rent withholding
! b- l* w# D. [$ m6 b: R4 ] 75. Refusal to rent4 R2 L! z/ U( m, P& p: T& u
76. National consumers’ boycott
7 i7 c2 }0 h6 S a9 i 77. International consumers’ boycott' U% c% Z7 ~% N* x( `$ {
; G- R4 S: M8 i1 ]9 G0 _0 w: V
Action by Workers and Producers
0 _! f, K: W- J/ W. g 78. Workmen’s boycott1 ]7 L' p6 K: g0 `8 L$ \4 A
79. Producers’ boycott
! y9 P7 Y: ?" Y+ R' b+ M8 |8 u; k" z/ I) y" Z2 |5 s
Action by Middlemen! y0 R0 X: c5 i c# m P
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott. h. i3 H# w. @. ?
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Action by Owners and Management
5 Q* L. L0 l- ~; y9 v 81. Traders’ boycott6 T8 ?% ^+ x; a/ L& b; {
82. Refusal to let or sell property$ y/ y+ K: R, T- D5 K
83. Lockout
. |5 Y/ I. ]" B- _ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance [! E- n% g( \
85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ M+ g5 a- G' g1 N
6 \9 E R" L" b
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" `. i6 M6 @( q L3 P 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; s* U3 B2 I. V
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! `" y) _4 m5 k# L- ~ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, h0 q& f' p0 ^9 J" r4 n
89. Severance of funds and credit# a4 G5 u1 }+ }8 y" K
90. Revenue refusal
6 T# M9 O9 {$ b+ J+ e+ I 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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+ h W& G2 k6 w$ W4 ?0 [Action by Governments5 x7 n& t) m$ Q9 K
92. Domestic embargo! i/ g4 Q g" n
93. Blacklisting of traders
: G& r, `4 ? Q) n 94. International sellers’ embargo+ N* z# T% r& n
95. International buyers’ embargo% Z- u/ x4 H; f6 I* L$ k2 s, I
96. International trade embargo, q8 u/ e2 G3 g! w i
6 u, U% G5 v7 x& }& g" u6 j
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$ v$ D* A% x& B4 o5 w3 E5 g. WTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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* a/ E; p, ^" a/ L+ V# jSymbolic Strikes
/ S' p% H0 h3 W/ B 97. Protest strike
8 z/ P; V9 a ^; Y* F5 H 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
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* q( Z+ s1 c: e7 H; T1 bAgricultural Strikes
0 ]1 y7 e( S8 M s 99. Peasant strike
& V, y( f3 m& Y 100. Farm Workers’ strike
" x9 X3 i+ ^* ^9 c" ?4 m: A- F' N u; O2 {
Strikes by Special Groups
( h) }$ Z2 p3 h, F/ k 101. Refusal of impressed labor
9 Y" p) A6 }! ^" { P4 R6 I5 o 102. Prisoners’ strike( k2 N: F1 y3 X) ?
103. Craft strike. q* A& d- y% T. A' S8 B
104. Professional strike
+ j3 d2 Z {, Z) p _9 i9 N1 v* U1 P9 Q
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
" [" Z! F$ z' m" t* i 105. Establishment strike
, e' `+ f S g$ ^2 P9 \+ G 106. Industry strike0 Z" {: ~; t/ ^ r# t0 J+ i+ f
107. Sympathetic strike7 v/ L4 Z# H% [+ n. W! @
( I! G- z1 j( T3 n( tRestricted Strikes
$ D7 K2 Y, T4 Y 108. Detailed strike
! u# S0 g( l; `& u$ S- | 109. Bumper strike
; h6 B5 {- R. }' F 110. Slowdown strike0 I4 {5 t# o* Y- J; S- S1 v- h% h
111. Working-to-rule strike
' Q8 E" \4 ^1 w' y; } 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 x: O& k, [7 Y7 h2 O# z0 i) d2 h& J 113. Strike by resignation
5 L1 v- ~! d9 n) U: x9 s+ g 114. Limited strike3 |, V! {3 X( [! f
115. Selective strike
; h# \3 J: F3 A! p, [/ F! B3 h: O" B) w6 p/ [4 {
Multi-Industry Strikes
! c2 ?4 ^! w$ \! l0 j- E8 B, z
9 _8 M9 F) D! v* t; M) W) K 116. Generalized strike5 N/ T, D- r x4 {
1 ~! y$ `9 `$ {; h
117. General strike5 C1 v* b3 F- s$ J: W) [0 x
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
; C5 S: F9 `, D& g2 Q; c& U# m. f0 h+ u% R' z+ @; v
118. Hartal* D2 ]: F; t1 {# s+ z/ ?/ K. Q* m
$ [7 @+ u0 w( |) c3 t1 z7 ]
119. Economic shutdown1 G) a# I. n& {% x% {2 T
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* i7 C1 n0 D2 F3 u2 K+ vTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ p u/ A6 w5 m+ ], dRejection of Authority! K3 w+ p/ k6 |/ R# Y. u5 L
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance' v8 s( S0 K% ~& ^% o* n
121. Refusal of public support; {4 q7 D% y0 _* t5 ]# r& s
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
% N: G# V0 c2 @1 O' U! y$ n+ q
) `, v6 j% {7 NCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government; L$ q) ?$ D5 N) @
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
0 v$ w7 m4 k/ R$ ^ 124. Boycott of elections
' q1 g: C3 s2 F! R1 b4 f8 V 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ V( S1 z; K; r* ~( @2 q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
2 q. ^# C4 S n+ ^2 y8 L 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
; P" ?! v) G. P; S 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 Z( B0 b( I' X7 x* T7 u$ ?0 Z
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 I; X a! Q* c+ t3 I, ? 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
$ Y' S1 g. W0 ]/ Q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 T4 `; ~$ P* g 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
3 p8 B; {1 D: U( @) c3 H9 R* W" Y( H
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( W3 y2 v5 N" L! U" S 133. Reluctant and slow compliance m" D) F/ Z! G, ?% ~
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; z- H7 s2 |$ u/ ]" _3 d% g' y3 `
135. Popular nonobedience, r: k( |+ G! \5 ?
136. Disguised disobedience
* ^+ x) f: J2 i- g' r& F8 J* t 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# ~& e* J( x4 W9 f9 E2 ]
138. Sitdown
( e! z0 ^2 `6 {# i1 K: T5 y 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: H/ y( l& B5 s! Z' |- P! l 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 O( j! h) s E4 k* K7 n
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* g2 S2 a+ v8 X& M; ]7 q; T a
4 }4 ~7 R+ w/ E2 X* ~; T
Action by Government Personnel
$ G( [0 }. @4 Q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) z6 T+ T* L' W7 c% R0 n& [2 C$ X
143. Blocking of lines of command and information/ B8 ?% d' t+ l7 t, L- `
144. Stalling and obstruction8 a7 @4 t* P3 t( J- U
145. General administrative noncooperation
; m1 ~! P+ z+ J% i' H/ K
9 E7 Y( Y1 {5 i 146. Judicial noncooperation
5 @5 p v0 }* \2 K! O( h 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents6 H j2 X, }0 T
148. Mutiny7 t. M) _9 z! D: o8 B, D2 p% G; g y
Domestic Governmental Action
( Y: `% V# m8 r3 H' I2 E8 c& l j 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; o% ^0 l% q' m, _
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ U$ e" G4 e' S; t2 L. _
& r, G% `6 F% e7 r) @7 [5 AInternational Governmental Action
( h( P: `7 }' D7 @8 e7 t" F 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
. @# v; z* _$ _3 [5 v7 J 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& L/ n8 w% n1 b& r7 n 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. q; M& p$ ^' D7 v* g ~2 m' t
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
( b; D' d8 F" u8 B1 I 155. Withdrawal from international organizations$ \, T( k. H+ b: W' B5 n9 w# o
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& _2 \- z) A6 E& ]7 l
157. Expulsion from international organizations
% W. J2 m- O2 z2 y% T8 G& F9 f5 [' _- V( \. m5 @
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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, ]) ~$ v$ ^9 ] A+ @! f9 E' d 5 j0 z4 k+ o( y# K" J* t! H1 j1 c
Psychological Intervention5 p! A6 M; G5 h6 F
158. Self-exposure to the elements
8 _5 A- C+ h, O4 |" V. K2 c6 C 159. The fast
+ }, K( j R4 A, }5 H a) Fast of moral pressure- |7 C+ u4 f& Y0 R
b) Hunger strike
; x/ I$ N8 w$ Y$ [0 R c) Satyagrahic fast
7 t: Y( }/ d7 \$ S- R 160. Reverse trial
8 Y* _9 @0 }% T1 \" j; F/ x 161. Nonviolent harassment
1 ]7 l: i: R. o P/ C: y2 R9 Y$ k+ [" F1 E
Physical Intervention6 R1 G; z. {: U' F% H# a
162. Sit-in( G! T/ k! p7 t* D8 |
163. Stand-in
% A! Y: J/ E; j/ A: f 164. Ride-in
$ S3 ~& T/ ]; ^ 165. Wade-in
) l' ^# L; I7 s- C0 P: _- T 166. Mill-in
0 ~# Q! K! l* |# [! Q( v' X P 167. Pray-in
+ b) T6 u4 L+ n- Q }8 g 168. Nonviolent raids, f0 [! n$ _" l, x, f& q3 r8 v Z0 I
169. Nonviolent air raids
1 K, G* q+ m# F# p4 j5 k5 p1 L 170. Nonviolent invasion
( W8 p# D7 V$ Q0 J: f: M 171. Nonviolent interjection
/ A) k+ O6 j; l9 D$ q+ C5 Z 172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 f; E9 q: L I5 T5 A 173. Nonviolent occupation. d4 q4 F, _0 l0 M
+ E2 M7 d2 o( u0 sSocial Intervention
& R: s% G9 S$ x+ J) i/ A 174. Establishing new social patterns! d0 B1 _* p* O& f7 R
175. Overloading of facilities
& |( c6 o0 O; z* J2 z' _ 176. Stall-in2 Y+ r+ E4 l- T. m9 g
177. Speak-in t* G7 }( K7 B' x
178. Guerrilla theater
* T9 F/ A+ e6 C1 Z 179. Alternative social institutions5 E3 s h) M- ]. s+ M, O
180. Alternative communication system& M: G- T7 `4 a- m. O, ], ~
- h5 k N( K0 b" GEconomic Intervention! f% b$ L6 z& {, |. a9 X# V7 E
181. Reverse strike
0 v: y; x! z' H- o/ f 182. Stay-in strike2 O- t/ {% V- R9 u" v; d/ L
183. Nonviolent land seizure) {3 L, L' |$ j/ V8 M; H" k
184. Defiance of blockades5 m9 o8 Y- C* }3 }0 t
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 T5 a0 U8 J% `& A. Y3 x
186. Preclusive purchasing, u$ t" D6 v5 ?$ J% T6 b/ e
187. Seizure of assets' Q* D+ x7 K5 [& B# o! @+ d
188. Dumping: R0 M# q, d7 @/ ]/ u
189. Selective patronage
3 Q1 e ]4 `, A" `* \/ x+ s" ` 190. Alternative markets
1 R. R \: \' O) W: H" h 191. Alternative transportation systems) w6 ]" q) u" i3 ]3 l* r( j' T0 M
192. Alternative economic institutions6 u2 ~* I; E+ M9 | b/ d5 o
8 ~9 r A0 M. U& g* n! q9 pPolitical Intervention7 j6 d5 a$ y d8 s
193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 v0 q( q- g& S5 D9 K, K: ^9 g 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 j1 V. R- q2 f 195. Seeking imprisonment
+ i, Z4 ?6 ~- P' f 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws/ z3 f/ `3 L! q1 Q2 @5 B
197. Work-on without collaboration% _9 t3 ~+ i. J
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government2 n! E& p" I! N! D6 b- o
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
