 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 u3 ^9 i; O/ y+ \# ?; {, V7 n8 }
Formal Statements/ o. n; v/ r; Z* e! T2 }) W/ z! y0 H
1. Public Speeches
& ^0 u* l9 Q" o7 B" X: a6 |. u# ~ 2. Letters of opposition or support
6 }; f* k' L; q, B 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( R; `9 b; S3 `
4. Signed public statements+ z' T9 m: n$ O% a
5. Declarations of indictment and intention$ D& Z; o# K9 ?! l& K; K ]2 C
6. Group or mass petitions1 e1 |) c( c7 t2 c
# x: k5 y; ]& S" Q7 H0 q' v! bCommunications with a Wider Audience
) i( J" ^1 Q& |. [7 K: W 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" w1 A% E+ Y. B1 u
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" ^3 D+ k' e: A$ i k s
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books3 l, c' E, b" X9 U3 `4 H
10. Newspapers and journals
4 I* m5 @6 J7 {4 S/ Y 11. Records, radio, and television
: Q: U; F, x* d) F! h* ` 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" F4 N, P ]+ S; z8 Q+ m
/ j0 y. x0 X4 W" y8 P0 ^Group Representations# y9 k7 [7 U0 Z! i/ {5 [. i; g; I
13. Deputations) x' s' R9 S+ ]% L8 N% L' m" @6 d$ c
14. Mock awards
6 `2 r; F9 c+ S 15. Group lobbying
- h* W% v4 _+ I! L6 d' ?+ g 16. Picketing
% s7 \9 g1 R2 Y* O6 }4 x: ?) D6 x 17. Mock elections$ ~! N1 k$ x$ K0 E
- t2 Q4 A1 a* v+ [; fSymbolic Public Acts
0 \* W8 i, T$ u' j! H! I0 b 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 L$ d8 W* _4 c
19. Wearing of symbols& p. a) |- J1 q$ j5 u
20. Prayer and worship5 w L" Q# b: R! T F
21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ _( y7 p, K. W1 S/ n1 S" \ 22. Protest disrobings2 }; {2 K! C9 x" x; \
23. Destruction of own property
3 y; x! T& m; N% P( c( f0 { 24. Symbolic lights
$ h+ e0 i( W) U* A 25. Displays of portraits
6 I7 l! [- \" N" l5 u; Z, J 26. Paint as protest0 `1 O, G, ]! r. R4 E* g+ u
27. New signs and names' i, v5 e9 q9 r
28. Symbolic sounds
/ c: W6 _: _8 g/ i8 \ 29. Symbolic reclamations0 k6 K9 Q$ X" q! J0 q- d
30. Rude gestures
* c0 l! G5 j) X5 L% E
6 h8 g' Q4 a4 D! o7 ePressures on Individuals- _0 f' H* E2 l9 c* N
31. “Haunting” officials
: R. q+ y; K5 W. N4 G 32. Taunting officials* r' L J8 w0 {, l. i
33. Fraternization
0 [$ G# v* Y4 V2 y 34. Vigils* O$ I5 v" K6 W
5 n# q" y1 ^0 u
Drama and Music
5 e" P2 B- D1 @ J 35. Humorous skits and pranks7 `. o# L3 c- Q* I2 ]
36. Performances of plays and music
1 V. m( r' Q7 c 37. Singing% h% U. E, }, s- f5 r
* a, S" L6 E; }5 J& }6 PProcessions1 V% m/ K: w* U
38. Marches
9 G% V$ l6 t6 L _( u; Q 39. Parades: S/ r' B( U, L" Q4 v+ f
40. Religious processions
" w, J5 B, Z4 Q( U7 U* L, j: Z 41. Pilgrimages% y! J2 h% r/ F% a0 i7 U, g
42. Motorcades
" T- H+ o5 A& N- j) B2 z
_% Z5 n- U7 J0 p( V8 F7 h: ~Honoring the Dead" d9 A% v8 |( s; y0 |$ C8 K
43. Political mourning/ Y; E5 Z, y+ v7 u( C3 u
44. Mock funerals
) Y% V$ c- E* I0 b4 ` 45. Demonstrative funerals
6 P4 g: p6 i g5 _ H5 W8 w" f 46. Homage at burial places
8 i; X: o; L0 C0 {6 y8 Q+ Q2 w D3 Z
Public Assemblies$ T4 Y5 p5 y8 z2 ^3 F
47. Assemblies of protest or support# s @4 W+ I7 L4 f6 S* m+ a* P
48. Protest meetings
r; v) O6 n, r' w/ x7 v$ J 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) @) i* R' Z) k. w: Y" n 50. Teach-ins; `9 o. x8 R A y0 O' t
4 |8 W! L# B0 j
Withdrawal and Renunciation; S: q, I" h6 |4 W
51. Walk-outs* d9 E! x8 d* u6 j5 v& q, |
52. Silence. t* y) \9 `- I4 M; ?
53. Renouncing honors( E1 o% G/ H# I! t e+ @0 E
54. Turning one’s back2 \ A' P. Z {$ q" w& B) F
# k, p3 ]1 y9 P5 ^. H ~& t . d" Q; }( ?5 V7 c
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION9 a) w9 I6 V6 |, z' ]2 d
) [ Q# L- g: ` ( L; ^! B n1 w4 u
8 J% D8 i9 ~0 A: t, l! { p. vOstracism of Persons
% v- \' g0 d& g1 S2 M' t1 W 55. Social boycott
- [. C1 R w6 W4 b 56. Selective social boycott
/ y, Z6 _ S! ? 57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 t' I0 M* X. s$ x6 y6 @: a3 O 58. Excommunication v F/ ^( a! b' E5 D
59. Interdict6 ?- Q/ \( ~1 ]) ^$ L
! m0 F' ?: \5 d8 J* Y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* p ^) t& o$ d! x+ X 60. Suspension of social and sports activities5 N* I; g0 G O/ P/ s6 a& v8 c# z
61. Boycott of social affairs+ s8 L/ O" n* W3 B$ N+ s
62. Student strike
( j# l7 a4 k5 i* ~ 63. Social disobedience
! ]1 `& [$ F) Z; G 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
0 w+ x; p: @0 |6 C# Q# t/ S
+ }$ x8 b- S' U# H% L2 kWithdrawal from the Social System
' I6 Z W9 y; {' _; [ 65. Stay-at-home2 g; B% B: w+ j/ [
66. Total personal noncooperation
. L3 v$ _" R* _ 67. “Flight” of workers
) `% k! S f+ H& T8 b 68. Sanctuary
, F+ c) Q' I% Q O7 J" B6 w 69. Collective disappearance
3 h; \4 I j/ P/ C; | ^, Y 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
4 o; U8 G! n w+ [& T3 W: B) y. \! d! `. j4 H
5 `$ l7 L7 c/ o# u& E
+ A9 p* x, j& C2 e5 NTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 o, v6 Q# X: e4 \6 V$ q
9 c0 t! w% o3 e, t1 v : ^& L# x n& J0 r( M4 i
Actions by Consumers
# r4 ^; B; s; L! K! a6 |/ Y4 ? I 71. Consumers’ boycott
5 T, M) E7 R, I1 h3 b1 Y3 f1 [/ V 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
$ j0 q. e2 h* M" a: m( c0 P3 O 73. Policy of austerity
3 G8 V$ B9 J5 [+ l4 X6 I+ W 74. Rent withholding
; h# ]) q8 Q. h8 u h. q 75. Refusal to rent
8 Q" v& S1 R- n* U 76. National consumers’ boycott
) b% D" d6 b2 D- L5 j 77. International consumers’ boycott
1 n3 D3 w! b0 A, V' l
. c7 ^5 y" p& jAction by Workers and Producers
. e( H: B2 } ` 78. Workmen’s boycott
% s1 I K V# S) B$ x 79. Producers’ boycott% @. _8 N- W9 m M3 x3 K# `1 D
2 B7 R6 e, C, m$ n3 cAction by Middlemen& q, w/ [6 ^5 y/ k: f
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 Q9 z2 N, |- \) Z+ o5 I
3 m, \* M( _1 D* p$ S
Action by Owners and Management: j2 F% h% |' n
81. Traders’ boycott
" E1 o! t1 T& q, a 82. Refusal to let or sell property
, l' u8 I8 z, U, @: L 83. Lockout
; n: ]& d' S8 P2 \9 f. F 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
E- p7 T- u- J7 d; L! t 85. Merchants’ “general strike”9 i7 E9 C( b2 }+ V# r% P1 n* v' y
2 l$ |1 c2 [' U$ xAction by Holders of Financial Resources2 j4 m3 p! l. M: C& G& v% a% A
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% X% Q& h/ w( o0 W, A+ {# N% T
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ W! o9 A1 j4 m: y7 @4 v& k
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest$ o, ?! D/ q# O J7 _
89. Severance of funds and credit
) q, i. i/ M _ 90. Revenue refusal$ H0 N% T4 V. n3 y u
91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 h* r0 H- I! v3 _, O0 J, N! k, T9 L8 k* m8 v
Action by Governments
: G6 _' m4 C3 P& v4 N! v 92. Domestic embargo4 s, ^" q% [8 w3 i
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 {+ f0 ^4 H8 y8 P) A 94. International sellers’ embargo
" y5 w1 p) A: e 95. International buyers’ embargo ~# }5 R% E) Z% G2 m' K
96. International trade embargo$ @* a" U5 R5 }" \' \" w6 c
6 Z4 [7 A, I- n
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6 }9 w% b5 G% v( ^1 V
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 [' Y6 x0 \( ^6 ~! A) i$ G
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Symbolic Strikes& h/ K9 S3 i4 v- G. k9 a
97. Protest strike1 h% ~( V. S2 L* T2 i& Q" I9 i- F
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)4 C. |) D* s! N8 W; G
; _+ m/ n6 y9 ^# v1 f a
Agricultural Strikes
( ^9 o R: j. c6 {$ f* U# Q) M 99. Peasant strike) b& I1 b0 q" J: t: q3 K, A
100. Farm Workers’ strike
, F" q/ O- t- Y# ]
0 w2 c. L1 U) R) vStrikes by Special Groups
, ?; Y7 [( y+ a8 S 101. Refusal of impressed labor
. Y8 v2 \6 |) E$ A( H) P 102. Prisoners’ strike* f/ \ k7 }( T$ t: U
103. Craft strike' L$ E9 ^8 P" Q
104. Professional strike
/ r( m! g$ H2 _* s z9 c/ M" o
0 t# a' Y2 ^6 D5 m3 TOrdinary Industrial Strikes/ O6 G% Z4 K9 G6 j
105. Establishment strike2 I( z* H2 J* {, K _- R( z! E c
106. Industry strike9 @$ @8 q! U2 y. B u- e8 [5 E
107. Sympathetic strike
0 U+ P1 ]3 A5 v% B9 h6 b, t5 _* \* Z
Restricted Strikes4 M& Y0 V' }. e% J
108. Detailed strike
: ~& R/ ]1 }: u2 I t 109. Bumper strike+ h5 K/ E" d* a( N7 a/ \
110. Slowdown strike
* F% e- V7 ]* v" ^" P* n% F) @. u% } 111. Working-to-rule strike& O: p! P# }8 z$ c3 f' e
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 u6 Q* p! Y9 `$ ] 113. Strike by resignation" s I# r$ k9 r2 U7 H$ s
114. Limited strike
! x+ y8 I b$ l& ]; J/ u 115. Selective strike: k1 r* q3 Y% _3 v+ B+ S
& |: k4 a. Y; R, y& V4 g
Multi-Industry Strikes7 t$ S; T, d4 R* m5 Q4 `1 S6 z6 d
1 M% @$ O: z8 M6 C
116. Generalized strike" D8 I9 \* [% @
+ U2 {: A, Y- r+ E/ `2 n5 R- _ 117. General strike
5 T. {6 T" F! o) a) u
2 C3 K* l1 b9 B" W7 ]# [Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
# l' I! ?6 @, M+ W1 \2 K8 _" P0 w1 c
118. Hartal
9 B6 M5 A9 C3 `& H$ X" y8 k* y2 ~* | B! r
119. Economic shutdown. V9 A# o! K& ^3 R) N& H
5 Y Z1 ?9 ~+ Y0 D2 j! K0 j 5 U& M& z' g- ~0 Y3 c. J
M6 O& I( @4 S4 W0 X2 C
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, \$ ?0 J5 m/ y; j
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Rejection of Authority- x6 w! q) @ f; u( @2 }
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 p; b- q* b' T5 {0 |4 z& G+ q
121. Refusal of public support
8 f, t8 @" p: P( P' p4 R 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
6 W1 E+ N/ \: \5 x: ?* y. s
+ {/ K5 a; S& h2 m7 k' KCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 }2 ?; h/ w% c& t( z: Z; D
123. Boycott of legislative bodies) z% _+ v9 K) u& F
124. Boycott of elections$ g/ N) _- Y9 C: ^6 ^1 `, f
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. k) r$ }$ g- X. j8 h' b 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) y$ V) N" {: w% ~
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 Y' a6 W6 \9 Y2 ^0 q6 B* n' D 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
1 d/ s. @" t- B& w! E5 W' Q0 z 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: {8 b& _, Z6 c# a. k 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 v: j$ E% {: \2 I! s' I0 C 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 _$ f/ E) L$ G( j9 g7 u! ]$ T8 L 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ w: |9 v& c! d( Y, n" L
) F I! w; }: A" ?
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience0 U2 R2 V# u/ ?* P0 f- n+ \" u
133. Reluctant and slow compliance& h! O; V! D' ~# e M
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision m U8 t* C$ Q4 z7 s9 Y4 m
135. Popular nonobedience
! k8 z" ?/ `' i9 t6 A6 Z# X- f 136. Disguised disobedience4 T" V- l4 N+ f1 L9 r
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
! }7 W& F7 Z }! D2 W/ t. A 138. Sitdown6 j( d' C. B. W2 r
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 o( h7 P" W) Y @: c 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities8 ^- W! d Q$ u4 Q4 n9 }: m" R
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 ]. [; I( U O/ t5 C+ b; H# c9 }: B3 j
Action by Government Personnel& c K7 {9 G& b
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. J( b: @, F' [9 _' g 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! a" [$ p, w5 K E, F" w 144. Stalling and obstruction
; k. l6 w6 b N* U0 h, J) V' f 145. General administrative noncooperation( \) H4 ^% z" z" t, ^
, d( R+ i/ s+ `* S9 @8 J 146. Judicial noncooperation
8 a5 R- @9 Z8 c- v+ J3 b: ] 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents } F. w2 N1 X( v, J
148. Mutiny
- U; r- j5 ~# IDomestic Governmental Action
7 z6 z+ M5 F9 m F) N 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 z: k5 ?# ^! D+ _: n- U0 K 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
$ w0 z2 F1 L' ? Z
+ o5 k+ u4 |+ ~International Governmental Action
% Q& t' V* F& n% C 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& E# i' e+ `/ I2 L1 f+ w7 U4 B 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
/ o) Q( H/ x }2 U# U 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition, e% I# z9 R7 N. p& L6 L
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: x; J+ u. [- n* |3 o$ A6 n 155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 w: d! n7 m( e" e
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* K3 L9 \4 a, e+ q: ^
157. Expulsion from international organizations0 J* E* I" G1 e2 p* x$ E3 h+ P
8 _. M: Z4 X1 @ s0 V
" v1 r: g, J: y% u- c5 |+ _6 e
& l2 {2 L8 w; k6 |! `6 q; Q( ~THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
. e, s/ v' ?/ i) Q 158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ d/ M$ W% H" H, Y/ y* f 159. The fast
% e% g7 `+ g& r* K6 Z a) Fast of moral pressure
3 n- ~ z3 v* b+ R1 ~) ` b) Hunger strike6 a$ P/ G: R2 l, O5 u
c) Satyagrahic fast* Y* ` A( i) Q" U: n9 V
160. Reverse trial
/ k/ k- z- E! Y8 e/ |# [4 a 161. Nonviolent harassment/ H( ~$ \* Q7 Y- [4 M) T8 S
1 w1 s N) [- s. Y/ z+ hPhysical Intervention
8 F7 F M# h5 j' }7 J F 162. Sit-in
; B: h. x) Q' t 163. Stand-in
. y# h- ]% p7 D2 ^6 D 164. Ride-in5 M5 m2 @3 J; u
165. Wade-in
) o/ a6 f& O1 @* N 166. Mill-in
% H, ~, \5 e# r6 n- {0 K 167. Pray-in
7 J3 M# o3 P; V. e 168. Nonviolent raids
; [* g$ f* z) s/ {) H9 \1 [4 t 169. Nonviolent air raids6 h1 o4 M* y6 Z Z, h. n0 B
170. Nonviolent invasion' h c0 c, n4 D7 U
171. Nonviolent interjection
, W) b% F% p# g3 G( y5 O$ m 172. Nonviolent obstruction. b7 y) ]4 d: T2 a! J
173. Nonviolent occupation3 h# q) h6 ^$ E9 U8 v5 [
" A/ Z7 h0 j2 D& m4 i6 f8 Z/ n$ A3 eSocial Intervention% W- G* K, k8 E( B( D/ Q a
174. Establishing new social patterns+ g5 N: d8 `4 b. N# U, Y5 M! _
175. Overloading of facilities X9 t' h7 c& _5 n( g' P' s
176. Stall-in D3 f! v, c W$ V1 {4 g( X! K# k
177. Speak-in# E, a8 Y( `+ x: E9 P: B2 S2 o
178. Guerrilla theater
; Q8 g: \/ s. v, O 179. Alternative social institutions
+ J0 |; i: S( k; \' a6 N$ A: d 180. Alternative communication system
8 G E* j) c) _8 o8 K
. i4 R& Y' u2 d+ ]5 `8 C* T) ?+ x8 PEconomic Intervention
# |; G% K% n' d3 Z* {: ` 181. Reverse strike
( `4 F3 w, M; d1 G* z 182. Stay-in strike( |, }8 Z8 ]2 {) G5 c5 @! K+ d
183. Nonviolent land seizure
) M* O/ k3 M' A; a6 ? 184. Defiance of blockades, \ R: k7 @5 W( C8 z, X J$ p
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 S3 e! Y9 d/ R Q- X+ ` H: O 186. Preclusive purchasing
8 g, i6 Q8 Z `2 v! e. I* L 187. Seizure of assets/ e6 k) h: Z: k# W$ }# D8 u
188. Dumping
. d. e" O- b1 }, b 189. Selective patronage
+ ?0 I( W; `, }7 [7 w, X7 C6 d3 d8 W 190. Alternative markets
( _" Y- V$ g# W. X& {3 j! | 191. Alternative transportation systems
p% S" d9 |8 ~/ _. d' n9 H 192. Alternative economic institutions
$ b4 k: s. V) Q. P1 t1 L, t6 j
( Y3 W+ H% H5 k6 R! vPolitical Intervention
$ ]$ ~* R3 z W ^1 w 193. Overloading of administrative systems
( @. S% \* {5 n( T) \ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, ~2 g# o, P6 j
195. Seeking imprisonment; T: _8 ]* J6 j
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: z, `) U7 [. l 197. Work-on without collaboration: O+ P- V6 {1 H( o
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
: I8 l& a+ {8 c1 V1 M- ~ k' S
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
