 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION: a( w% J) R, p! v5 \5 ?$ J
Formal Statements
c4 M9 I# L; o* K 1. Public Speeches- Y* D* k7 n3 L! T
2. Letters of opposition or support
) h9 L4 L8 P2 M9 Z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
8 t! n" \& S( f% h8 X$ ? 4. Signed public statements1 c, O9 O, m! }
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 b/ Q: ?# p: e 6. Group or mass petitions
, y) T/ `- d) f' M
, f1 h! W% ~1 o1 v. lCommunications with a Wider Audience
4 }7 `& C' Z: e( Q; p 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols4 p" b* t S- [) ^ t
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. F: S; t0 u( q: y E; M 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; w3 d9 x# S7 z* P' U4 x/ }
10. Newspapers and journals
, i" H! m* G, O _ 11. Records, radio, and television
. H9 l+ T, H* v0 I, U: T 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
$ r( {. z' w2 [5 {6 t$ N7 b& c. n5 D, D% M
Group Representations
6 y$ \" g8 q3 ?% U7 i 13. Deputations
, i5 F c, u8 Z0 `5 S 14. Mock awards
! u& }& y/ T5 p- l5 d' ` k. V& o: g+ I1 J 15. Group lobbying
* r" O7 q% J- p# K! ?# q 16. Picketing
7 X, r- d/ y8 N8 C2 H. M" \7 h" | 17. Mock elections" F+ Z) r# D/ K
1 ^: i' ]' N m' M
Symbolic Public Acts7 P4 }9 i6 k, H6 W3 H8 w
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 Y* M/ s% r0 A+ j 19. Wearing of symbols4 U% @- l, `0 d
20. Prayer and worship
! L0 _' \4 X ~, ` 21. Delivering symbolic objects1 S4 ~! J( W8 {/ u' D$ U
22. Protest disrobings" l1 z( I) t6 |' g* _$ E% S
23. Destruction of own property
1 O" X* [4 I3 L' P 24. Symbolic lights
2 b; J3 a7 f. M9 Y" R, F* R9 D9 h 25. Displays of portraits7 S! A/ m( n/ Q, x& E6 @
26. Paint as protest- s; H" R/ L4 U* Q- X0 O$ f7 O
27. New signs and names M& N% e- @6 e) o9 ^
28. Symbolic sounds
, c( Z3 F b8 \# h8 _6 G 29. Symbolic reclamations" X6 i$ u7 Q% t; h# r B
30. Rude gestures! [" Q8 w3 L( o0 O& C
* L4 K4 F1 h R
Pressures on Individuals3 m; e! A! e M; g
31. “Haunting” officials
# {" j5 C" J! L- ^# P 32. Taunting officials
; t- F9 }; J# a- g, q3 y8 ? 33. Fraternization8 r& E8 { s, B; i( S r! |9 q0 C6 ]: n
34. Vigils' y2 L0 G# n( j) K
5 Q V# n8 s) ~1 q+ wDrama and Music
+ H7 ?- L/ y& ^, W. x( I 35. Humorous skits and pranks' `. @! n# \) c" H* ] Z) K
36. Performances of plays and music# O, B8 G i6 M6 @# L
37. Singing
' N; g. L; a' A+ v! g' @! ^8 i' K5 t' @1 x0 C7 P
Processions
, B4 t1 g9 G3 }. a" n 38. Marches( C/ o* `% R3 o, v
39. Parades8 K2 d: h2 d# j" Y8 J. E
40. Religious processions6 N1 x$ w( E% ~
41. Pilgrimages2 G9 w+ B* z: q
42. Motorcades
: D2 J; v; z7 B: B/ z5 S6 q% V: y
C$ h5 m& O( N3 }$ r( C) KHonoring the Dead
" [" I/ s0 _5 K# u2 d! w% Z) A 43. Political mourning
$ C5 [" O8 s2 r; K6 M 44. Mock funerals
7 ~8 Q/ u. y J8 N7 ^- U, Q 45. Demonstrative funerals
2 r6 I" r, X. u9 b, ?! E 46. Homage at burial places
0 l1 i; L9 m1 ?4 M6 C: B
) t' ]; f8 y* o8 j/ UPublic Assemblies+ ?- I# T. R: k
47. Assemblies of protest or support
- o+ o% _! J& f0 f5 ~1 m, w 48. Protest meetings! D5 u0 X6 ~4 x W& d' Q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 r! `0 N3 o% N 50. Teach-ins$ s8 O6 D4 ^/ q! `/ k
* Y' A! m7 ?: k3 [% u. p4 gWithdrawal and Renunciation
0 _8 d( V# Z' B# }: G# G9 h( f 51. Walk-outs; T2 e- m0 i7 I5 a
52. Silence
0 l8 d7 G& b( @ k6 N1 Z I2 C9 y# k( } 53. Renouncing honors
# c# B3 F, t! { 54. Turning one’s back
" e5 L! O* ]: \4 l8 g I% m
. b5 a# g9 w* @. k. [3 l3 {2 L & A z5 [' V: G3 F, d
v) o! _8 G) `% m+ L: P1 V
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 l% d9 y6 ?7 V7 G3 q; d
7 P! r3 S$ r" _# C$ ^, v' g
: Z$ p* {7 I* x' U3 J& m$ K
j9 d A+ ?* f7 t5 c
Ostracism of Persons
}! v# c6 D7 B- Y; D 55. Social boycott
8 n! P8 @( ?4 \" u 56. Selective social boycott$ o- s. A9 ~" N* L* j1 `
57. Lysistratic nonaction* ]! _$ @4 G9 h, v" z, L% O# y+ v
58. Excommunication$ @$ \8 |. \* F Z& ?
59. Interdict- r5 u9 ^' \6 D4 L1 N1 ]6 N4 Z8 O
' U" _9 Y0 @4 @4 w* I( m+ X) FNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions2 ^- U \% H+ e2 l* S
60. Suspension of social and sports activities$ h* J1 K+ o7 h( y! @. S
61. Boycott of social affairs
1 h* \: M" \: ^: ]- ~$ ~ 62. Student strike* |* u5 R9 f Z- i
63. Social disobedience9 S- y) y% _2 P: |. t+ e9 q- ?
64. Withdrawal from social institutions+ c. j' D& \7 [' }4 Z' C& y
' \8 N0 u4 p c$ j- M1 u, X7 J# CWithdrawal from the Social System! O2 K$ k: [. g
65. Stay-at-home
/ V3 N( V. ~4 w' }/ g4 B 66. Total personal noncooperation
9 b r& Q' J1 j2 N 67. “Flight” of workers$ s! G3 F( B- O9 A2 E. v
68. Sanctuary+ Z' d+ K+ }- q q8 C; q$ R2 f1 |0 [
69. Collective disappearance
1 }. w" V; v: Z& ]# h 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 b) P3 ~8 q; G% G4 a2 ]* p5 p" L. ?$ A/ a
3 c3 |2 _7 ^& W# z) U7 [Actions by Consumers7 q' s+ f- |5 U. H* u( q' \
71. Consumers’ boycott
% u7 E4 p7 x1 ?) g/ S 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 A. N0 I$ Q1 ^! t- F
73. Policy of austerity0 k, {' Q& p6 ~6 {9 U
74. Rent withholding' c- R3 V/ ~; @! T- z
75. Refusal to rent
( }2 H" n5 K: i4 ^ |9 A& \2 a! Q# G6 t 76. National consumers’ boycott
0 V% V1 O ^4 ]5 C7 w4 N# z8 W 77. International consumers’ boycott
3 P/ W9 G; H4 ~2 @* W% Z( }# N5 x8 G" P( R' G; a
Action by Workers and Producers
$ d' T" k) J2 A% n7 B 78. Workmen’s boycott
( o# M3 F( F8 U, |1 k- a 79. Producers’ boycott
. _/ k* j- u. |0 |0 E
8 C/ f8 y3 f( B1 z' _8 wAction by Middlemen! L9 r2 M7 L9 ~3 r7 B% Y: [; m
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott3 U" o- ?7 L9 ]" y) z
9 o2 Y' @' t: ?9 y) UAction by Owners and Management
# J" }+ f0 N; P- e/ E 81. Traders’ boycott) H+ {% }# w- y6 Y, F1 p/ c
82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ |1 A% i% n# }# X; a- A 83. Lockout1 a. Y p5 d5 \- a- K1 }
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
* I- c. D4 s) D1 S 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ ]. `# m; t' M2 l2 P4 @7 C @ J9 `7 M1 Q& X
Action by Holders of Financial Resources5 p( O, k4 V3 c
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; P) D- I8 T1 ~' s8 n# Q2 z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! s3 R' I7 \( M8 I
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ @! N/ Q2 b; _% W4 y( |, |& _ 89. Severance of funds and credit: t. s( v* \2 Z
90. Revenue refusal
9 A3 G' h- m9 P+ u! H+ @' U 91. Refusal of a government’s money$ A& G! X: w; Q& W
7 R1 L5 L- z2 Z$ W* |Action by Governments5 U3 H5 G1 s T
92. Domestic embargo
, H. H$ k0 x. [7 m$ R/ l) [7 m 93. Blacklisting of traders
5 r6 z% r3 W6 G7 m 94. International sellers’ embargo7 @+ m _, z7 T+ W% A
95. International buyers’ embargo: I5 k9 f" \: S( _
96. International trade embargo
+ l8 |# r: A( o4 [# W5 u
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M Q/ }0 ~$ K/ T, ?THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
* J: T! U, G" E+ g# ?2 m+ R& G; p8 w f, J2 P" X
% u) Y0 ]2 ~4 D7 hSymbolic Strikes
% N& X2 S% t+ V& M4 t* @6 b 97. Protest strike
7 G3 }$ k6 h/ x 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! g0 P) z& v/ w! ?7 ~% Q
/ ~" N. g) t( M1 d9 a
Agricultural Strikes
4 x. b( Q7 x; A! C9 k 99. Peasant strike
! H3 F: o& C" @" j) Z4 [ 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ c9 `" I* ^/ S+ e$ J& b5 z! `( E R- K4 u- q# l
Strikes by Special Groups
. D) h; z2 @# r$ k- X' b2 e: } 101. Refusal of impressed labor
- Y; i. [; k) h1 t 102. Prisoners’ strike
) G n4 m. Y4 U% r2 |( @" O 103. Craft strike- q% W& O4 O: s, u
104. Professional strike
0 d4 r5 c+ ~3 D5 X9 v% y4 t8 a
- \9 Q: Y. v J8 O; `Ordinary Industrial Strikes. y* e- p# {" T$ f. E6 g3 c
105. Establishment strike
6 R( f; U$ G# V6 X 106. Industry strike7 T9 w/ u% s1 D, M* U
107. Sympathetic strike
5 ~, Q5 F& f4 f9 o! J. u; C
; T3 F }# t+ L! Y( aRestricted Strikes& x [ U; ?8 U9 E
108. Detailed strike
& \) z: J1 T" E 109. Bumper strike
$ _, \9 w$ ?7 Y# j2 c; d% U# |# p 110. Slowdown strike
2 f% k) {$ d+ I6 G 111. Working-to-rule strike
( t' f8 {4 v _& o 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: j2 q6 p: `5 Z1 P. U- Q% e 113. Strike by resignation( c2 |2 |8 U" W7 d; I
114. Limited strike
$ Q: K3 o/ U; C& z! B1 k$ Q 115. Selective strike
6 k9 C) R8 P! m- C2 W8 b( K
+ `( J0 ^) ?, U) \/ xMulti-Industry Strikes
' `6 a/ P; J i4 x: ?; Z# i Q1 s% [6 l! p) Z0 y
116. Generalized strike
1 U; \% \) P6 |8 q% v: y9 [: d( o9 `6 H- ~# G E
117. General strike
; p' I3 G. P. I4 q6 E% ~; c8 Q/ A
+ @' S; G Q3 e. L+ A2 z5 m, DCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures" J% T# f- y, |
: T+ T+ A; f5 A9 S( v3 t$ ]2 u
118. Hartal. Q9 a& e5 E: m/ A
2 d& W: Y7 T/ e0 T( O0 A, p 119. Economic shutdown
0 b# K/ T$ A/ e. N! v* R( C& n: [+ Y4 _6 q; M% E
o* y3 [7 v% ~: e$ x" S9 Z# u
* ^; K5 q/ {2 Y# [7 `THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 U6 g# {3 z+ u$ @4 w3 p, aRejection of Authority
, D+ P. _4 ]+ q f, x0 n 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance) p: Y" H; A0 U* v& p, F) t7 E
121. Refusal of public support/ N7 y" z. R+ S# ?4 R+ }: k
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 e; Q' }9 Q) _! `' g+ g
, w( e& X o i; d
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
( ]# h/ l+ G3 t- S; g 123. Boycott of legislative bodies6 l* y9 Y# U% U0 |
124. Boycott of elections/ n e' C ]1 @, y* D8 Y( U* E
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
) ~! S$ |( H# _7 L3 X( B( i6 [ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
8 ?$ M: P- a* Q2 r9 B 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions: v4 s& M- h6 B% r: v( p0 E
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; U; b* F) h) ?% y- e" y d
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
$ B* o# N E+ K* Y* u 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks0 t, ?" z; y/ X8 D* J" D) M$ T' s5 X
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, J, X# {: o0 M8 r: V 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 E3 B4 h6 C7 K0 h9 O
. G6 E2 b/ ?7 [- j# lCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 Z& z/ v. S* J 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 j1 r$ c! o W9 b( {, O8 {2 @
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision: f5 C( \. A: \
135. Popular nonobedience
# @, r6 E. O7 t" k$ h! W$ @ 136. Disguised disobedience
/ h, B4 ~8 S& K; M$ |" Z1 H 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 C8 A$ O" Z% z& n$ E' h# t+ t! A+ j( J 138. Sitdown
6 Y% R5 V' K5 z m 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 z( n+ _) E: N( P3 F. y 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 U! q' R+ x5 W! `; [: [; N4 ` 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
6 k8 c3 ^9 } n' m3 u; J9 p- ]- H; c) A2 V6 h2 C) X% w
Action by Government Personnel
) e9 }* y P. u5 L8 P 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides9 J) k' k6 ]& d# g7 E( K( T
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
. j! g+ [! {: q0 m; b* S+ J 144. Stalling and obstruction
% R' x* U. g4 n/ x 145. General administrative noncooperation" t% \: H% K9 R& L
+ \& c# c Q( a6 S 146. Judicial noncooperation3 Q; c/ I1 k+ {1 g+ s; T5 w
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" ?3 n$ K' B" A; x' u% G) r 148. Mutiny- a$ b2 _1 u3 T1 k1 W1 e' f
Domestic Governmental Action
1 N9 r7 }( Q8 x/ h7 O/ o6 [ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 X: u& U* }3 M 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. {, H" F! c3 W
( c0 _2 M8 K- q# E1 S0 c( NInternational Governmental Action8 s# e3 }2 I% a# L/ z# J. f
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
& C- _( y) O- g; {1 t, d( P 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
) B2 P" H0 A$ z& |' I 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition' b! T# r7 ]; k7 x$ n
154. Severance of diplomatic relations( G7 l. k- ~% t* o( c* A
155. Withdrawal from international organizations; Z2 Z9 T' _& \ a- ?
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
2 {: g2 D, M+ R3 ]" ?) j3 ? 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 s) W1 `/ y5 L0 _
! f/ S# h- q8 X8 L$ r" l
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. ^2 V- |& b- \5 U9 e$ @* Z( ETHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 [% |( Y- U. [! v/ T/ A& q% m* ?+ H' f
7 `. H9 g: c# {) j0 i3 f, L% R3 p
Psychological Intervention
( |) t0 l/ `- ^ 158. Self-exposure to the elements" Z) o& l/ K9 Q) a W
159. The fast* q9 M# K0 n5 F" z
a) Fast of moral pressure& s% V. N9 P; B7 E3 A: y
b) Hunger strike O. j* X9 k2 ~7 ?% p) X
c) Satyagrahic fast
- H/ ~* }3 n; }2 \" Q; ?0 U( y! Q/ Q4 ^" C( c 160. Reverse trial
b k Y' Y9 s7 V: l$ b$ }# J/ ] 161. Nonviolent harassment2 j) |3 u9 v/ b5 A! t. \0 \
2 e. O7 Q2 n; B! }. Q1 cPhysical Intervention
4 ]* u3 P0 g5 K5 F' J0 \. e 162. Sit-in S$ J8 p* G. w8 i4 i9 g1 e! ~- ^
163. Stand-in
4 w! B! L; d8 e6 }+ W 164. Ride-in
/ n$ b3 M- ]8 A 165. Wade-in
( v$ @ Y3 b% ~% U- e' W 166. Mill-in
: U4 B. G1 s ~6 \8 r7 ] 167. Pray-in& Y7 d! R- K( s$ ~* n1 U v* _
168. Nonviolent raids c7 v: w3 p" q5 i: u1 }8 Z( D
169. Nonviolent air raids
z3 r, a- c- T9 P 170. Nonviolent invasion
d! `1 w2 f+ j3 O. I( U 171. Nonviolent interjection* v' Z, n- d3 ]) n; ]3 B) \4 C
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, l7 l- B6 ^, O6 u/ R* M 173. Nonviolent occupation. J# [. D) }( d" z
/ w" \- s# @, K% ]5 ASocial Intervention
' c' R' X2 l' h/ p" H) q4 g 174. Establishing new social patterns! s) o- ]# ~: n( a; }
175. Overloading of facilities/ f7 }& j5 W+ r- O
176. Stall-in' x2 {* l0 C9 f6 b' ?1 Q
177. Speak-in/ x: M% u5 B; ]* N$ g
178. Guerrilla theater
; s. U, B# b; X0 c+ h+ A 179. Alternative social institutions
: I1 k( d" o$ h3 K4 J 180. Alternative communication system
, g! g8 m/ O% a
# G6 `6 K8 g% R1 {, eEconomic Intervention
5 b% w- I0 ~3 z" n3 q8 q$ p 181. Reverse strike2 O3 n9 x1 S) @
182. Stay-in strike
* T6 _6 o9 c! ^4 e' s- l1 E0 N 183. Nonviolent land seizure
: k1 y W+ x2 r/ ~1 c9 U 184. Defiance of blockades4 e: L8 N# `" S0 Y. m: j9 p( X, |+ Q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting; [! `/ G% P" U
186. Preclusive purchasing
: h2 H; ]! i5 Z$ i 187. Seizure of assets! A3 U& s7 s( }2 F% _# z) P" Z% e
188. Dumping
5 ^' ]1 Y* m" t2 q: @ 189. Selective patronage4 ~' K' z& N% a5 N7 G* b e* `8 s4 _4 t Z
190. Alternative markets
) O" u. C% | q 191. Alternative transportation systems
) r' u- ~; u$ V! J7 G 192. Alternative economic institutions
+ X+ S/ u6 w- R# s" L4 k- H) r k @* R7 q, w, @
Political Intervention
8 x5 k$ a# S! @$ Y 193. Overloading of administrative systems! b1 {: ] I/ |3 }
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents) |4 f5 R% ]- I0 e! P5 a3 N7 T
195. Seeking imprisonment
# \' p2 x% t" [3 l; P- P% t0 W2 d 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws& ?; n% o- `' h( e# M/ r- p
197. Work-on without collaboration
- [( U3 y. H, ] 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government. ?) Z$ z9 ?- L) U
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
