 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION7 b K, d" V+ f" b4 ?8 d
Formal Statements
6 Z) A. t% T, N. |! c9 Q2 \ 1. Public Speeches9 Q$ r* c( K. V7 G8 w
2. Letters of opposition or support' I+ ?: [7 }, ^ K1 A
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions W) g. e6 G5 O0 ]
4. Signed public statements% j& J6 G. J9 v, ], E# _
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
2 }8 `6 p% Z: U( [1 ~ 6. Group or mass petitions$ H% Q g6 N/ N6 s' a9 Q
& ^1 a/ {9 ~$ I
Communications with a Wider Audience
! |5 E* ~" }# x. Z( y$ H 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
+ S; F. S. M0 X0 i; D! x 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: `, F1 J8 P$ v5 }& S 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
. l6 d) F& N8 h' j! ~( k( ]0 z. E 10. Newspapers and journals
6 k- d. m$ K) E' k/ N 11. Records, radio, and television2 {& Z3 ^# I' x# j& L1 V& c) |% P. K
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
( O% w$ y0 m# t( ?$ K
) Y1 k8 Q% r3 b# HGroup Representations. b4 D6 O: @' J. @
13. Deputations
3 |: R6 k* B/ ~5 _ 14. Mock awards
6 X+ V( }; P& i) C 15. Group lobbying' D2 n4 d8 b% g7 @
16. Picketing f2 K4 ?6 s) d
17. Mock elections
* A1 _/ ?2 S5 w* m7 C. Q8 B6 W/ k! U, z9 s) m
Symbolic Public Acts4 L4 z4 b5 O0 ?) _: i
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
6 t$ d& y3 c$ M* J: J8 z7 d 19. Wearing of symbols
/ Z" ~3 q9 v: v' F! [! g 20. Prayer and worship
4 c$ R3 E8 `% C3 ` 21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ W! }: [' ?# A. V# j 22. Protest disrobings- H2 a9 T5 j+ `- H
23. Destruction of own property$ W* j+ n1 e) T/ B1 l( _
24. Symbolic lights2 N5 p+ e0 V( y& J$ ^% x: R" h
25. Displays of portraits- F( u; P% h" Q y3 g
26. Paint as protest: S, L, J2 ^1 q- M" i' f
27. New signs and names
1 _9 W. f& |4 I% Z* g 28. Symbolic sounds
8 i- c$ c1 b% |! d9 m 29. Symbolic reclamations
- Y; Z. w* X9 U 30. Rude gestures
. O4 p4 b9 b# y6 @ d$ j+ A- w, j! l# k
Pressures on Individuals
N( Z6 w4 Y1 Y; P, l, g 31. “Haunting” officials: L: n4 a( e: Q+ A; I
32. Taunting officials/ V/ y$ n2 v+ `
33. Fraternization3 g F4 q# j' U1 f3 B% P& s
34. Vigils
( ~) ` P& b( O, V- Y5 |6 ~/ J2 x8 e0 y R1 o0 g' z
Drama and Music3 b3 R+ \5 b3 q0 j) a
35. Humorous skits and pranks7 H" P, D Y% n6 X( ~; @4 P. `# _
36. Performances of plays and music$ |4 x" N2 M7 ^! n4 a
37. Singing6 `% F P4 I6 E; d# G2 n& |
* R: j! u' L7 w7 z" `* H! [+ n8 NProcessions
6 a7 f( s$ B5 j4 q: w2 c 38. Marches/ [# b: G$ U$ G3 w
39. Parades0 @* L0 f; j2 A# m7 Q
40. Religious processions7 R% z. l' T; j- W6 F( P
41. Pilgrimages k6 d8 n# @( }) Y8 K
42. Motorcades
( U; J8 S! b5 E7 L$ y
. x( E* Q1 [0 N9 m* u3 m1 }Honoring the Dead
7 o& P8 u; }+ n+ \& ~. H 43. Political mourning
8 P9 _0 T+ M- R) f/ r 44. Mock funerals5 m/ R9 U7 V; G- }
45. Demonstrative funerals
5 @% p; P' V2 K2 T! w 46. Homage at burial places1 ^0 k/ D% U0 L6 {
1 q" K3 J$ y5 z" Z3 v- j( B @; ?
Public Assemblies9 e, a& L2 B' a
47. Assemblies of protest or support
- z. K* g: N z5 V$ O1 e- ^ 48. Protest meetings
) L5 |) r0 d8 l8 N6 a 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, B6 p j P6 W/ U8 w 50. Teach-ins9 D" I6 v/ C v& C9 A7 s" g8 F
{4 y* r) S9 l2 Z5 A5 p
Withdrawal and Renunciation$ r) [( v2 @# g; ^9 Z' s7 @
51. Walk-outs
% S6 ]7 c- j6 j# X) p 52. Silence; |2 m: L6 i* L+ p v+ C+ ^8 x
53. Renouncing honors
a" A5 e+ L0 Z/ }- \ 54. Turning one’s back$ R J: J; H, y* ^* S, I5 [
' @- @$ K/ A6 [8 d' O7 R" N # m7 B* r; V3 ~. a/ I+ Y2 ^ y# J
5 J4 v- O ~+ V. n
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 `# D) p/ d5 O: a; ^- Y4 R$ g
* i% V/ J% w" [2 U+ o* ]3 ]
) l6 B. k' r, W0 R% r" i0 H q
' r9 B/ N5 f, u/ v( A( [Ostracism of Persons+ m' Y: {# W" C g
55. Social boycott! a6 @6 e9 \0 w
56. Selective social boycott
0 i. ?) G8 ~8 I" \ 57. Lysistratic nonaction, X7 \* ^( ~0 a; m, h) n
58. Excommunication
* p5 d: n; K1 o# T1 [ 59. Interdict
: y5 g4 L+ P" n$ o
$ v7 P, a6 y aNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 u# v {7 B" w3 u( O. u* c5 J. r
60. Suspension of social and sports activities( {2 j9 E" p! y, Z! V
61. Boycott of social affairs
& r, q# l+ H9 Q6 u- k 62. Student strike
7 i/ E" v' o$ r+ p 63. Social disobedience9 j+ b w/ r. P9 W& T
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ }& N7 U6 s A7 d9 q6 h4 ?& p& l4 a/ J! ]; p
Withdrawal from the Social System
C# l* {" s- P2 c9 ]- h0 x 65. Stay-at-home
( ?1 [2 n7 Y5 i* r 66. Total personal noncooperation$ J3 Q* G. Z- Y% s- N, X: c
67. “Flight” of workers+ l: n* r/ {+ Q" f2 u; c! D
68. Sanctuary
1 _. ~$ D9 n0 H, u7 W/ s+ K' O 69. Collective disappearance
' Z( O; e9 @6 k5 o; [8 ~" d 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 W+ m4 X1 u3 E2 v
8 o( G% e: S- d2 [7 H0 F% w% x
8 F' `$ u7 P: [" f
0 ?# m& T- `+ ]* `* F- U% fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
* n7 U5 a. i, h8 t1 a/ A1 O9 M$ l, U8 }1 _6 S7 [1 e/ W
$ P/ I/ c" t A
Actions by Consumers
6 g9 |3 L3 o/ f: F; P. J+ D 71. Consumers’ boycott( N# O$ A& U: k0 L+ G/ S
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
3 B6 d" S: ^! w* e& r/ n7 P! i! f 73. Policy of austerity0 g0 ?; T8 m! R. o& k0 C8 j
74. Rent withholding7 k$ F) r( D" a
75. Refusal to rent1 b/ c$ o6 I, o& V8 Y" p
76. National consumers’ boycott
; P! v c \* d* j 77. International consumers’ boycott5 K- J8 o/ t5 ]8 r6 J( P
3 s: q- v4 X0 c3 ^3 }+ ^
Action by Workers and Producers
; n4 G6 q* E }( ^; f 78. Workmen’s boycott; B# j/ D3 y$ h
79. Producers’ boycott
, b* e9 [8 t2 ^- X' [/ F K
5 s& }! E) x+ M8 r. ~2 }) V7 nAction by Middlemen' R3 R; X8 J- j. [. A' Q5 j
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
! ~* R% ?" S1 I0 |+ U1 I1 `$ G" m4 W: i" b
Action by Owners and Management
$ l1 I4 ?) _/ d+ l' @ 81. Traders’ boycott, i/ g4 p' C, w7 E. R4 H; a: |
82. Refusal to let or sell property0 O$ F: ?0 x* }- w* @9 k
83. Lockout7 Z" ]# |9 n- D" W9 q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 {# f( S* M- Q1 w e2 l; s
85. Merchants’ “general strike”- ]0 R" }! `9 @# l
# p2 T- R, L. x: ]Action by Holders of Financial Resources1 ~! A7 Y- {: V8 u, t4 @" ]6 O
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! }7 G1 p0 ]1 G6 N 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" a) U) f* E# F; c: u7 A% ^8 u 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ w4 y# S' D3 R9 K5 O# |6 K 89. Severance of funds and credit
1 Q1 i- z9 J) _/ P* e" x( M 90. Revenue refusal( O% j9 u7 _8 n% O: P
91. Refusal of a government’s money. R) r5 @, l8 t
# ~* ~2 H( [! B' jAction by Governments
& G# u' ]1 P% u* ^' M- T3 \ 92. Domestic embargo- ?( D! {( s- m. ?' b- [# @9 g
93. Blacklisting of traders
, S5 e& U) i0 Z 94. International sellers’ embargo$ N* S! K* W1 ^. w. b/ _. ~
95. International buyers’ embargo
, [$ o9 Q6 I" E* ~ 96. International trade embargo
$ v6 y! h- g, B; K2 Q, F5 ^/ h' u0 w& Y* M4 W$ l3 G5 f
) W9 S$ M( u6 b1 m/ g6 B: B# Y6 j+ z0 I, M. o4 }
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 L2 o6 [7 h# F4 C' g, P$ e$ @
/ u% J$ j4 ?. v4 m" i' j
- H& k X" i: }) o1 H4 {6 B" JSymbolic Strikes
# z! S1 o- M- K3 n1 t' ~+ Q 97. Protest strike
6 a$ m$ }( ~, Z- R) a6 I+ {4 e* R 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
4 L1 O) u& ?: Q1 @( e3 T) p3 x( V. g! ]; y
Agricultural Strikes
! o1 Y) E- ^% ?9 h- D/ E 99. Peasant strike& l ^ y0 w3 T# @% ^, u2 O7 a7 _
100. Farm Workers’ strike
' ]0 I2 O$ t8 H! V; ~5 _
% F! Q+ i' i3 ]Strikes by Special Groups8 L9 s5 f& ?8 R/ b9 K: O
101. Refusal of impressed labor# h, f, B' v# w+ V
102. Prisoners’ strike
z, c% W) h4 S- \; y3 C* x 103. Craft strike
4 Q# Y M9 H5 n5 r! J( v 104. Professional strike6 W3 Z$ \% E/ u7 L8 X. T' Z
. F) G6 A& k' D# E% @2 S
Ordinary Industrial Strikes% o+ X1 u6 c! m* t$ B
105. Establishment strike- u( \% ^# E4 J
106. Industry strike
: A7 K" G3 h1 ~( g: R- U 107. Sympathetic strike, H1 E( ] w% @# Y, I
, u1 B/ ^8 N1 V' }# Q# o/ dRestricted Strikes H% ~1 ? v6 H3 d" Z2 j
108. Detailed strike9 y" k+ } ?, _* E7 x" u1 I
109. Bumper strike8 z6 T. \" S8 r- |$ ?) x
110. Slowdown strike- _' D3 v* d, h/ P9 @. \
111. Working-to-rule strike
! F( U: `. y3 r) ? 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 `9 q7 S! S: p. \
113. Strike by resignation+ b) J; K1 K: n* P8 j% A; g, m
114. Limited strike
, v8 s j5 o) p% D; C; f7 x 115. Selective strike0 k: H, a% T6 Q, ?+ D' F6 T
. T# X" } ]9 }Multi-Industry Strikes
9 `6 [9 j9 F% _
3 s8 m- k7 w0 E! b3 h 116. Generalized strike
9 b) M4 e/ o/ d0 p! [3 }4 B6 a! i# }( \5 ^/ ]' w3 a d
117. General strike
& y) y% T& p5 [2 r0 i3 U4 ~2 L( p7 O% N# ~1 r' A/ c, \
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
z; U' B/ c- Z: i2 w
/ Q. D( y( v- v: G2 a6 Z0 k$ T 118. Hartal
; _ }$ g8 x0 t0 p5 [0 K6 T; x& D! ^5 T5 i5 X! G, i; e% z# z
119. Economic shutdown
l7 d$ P0 g# s# l* T: r0 ?/ \2 e( w' w' d9 p
0 b6 S/ r0 D8 H- g+ a
+ G( f( S# K. t7 k" B' g9 gTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
3 V& [' X3 q3 f5 w; O- y
6 n9 P- }; m; T! y$ {& ~ , K* p& M( N/ p* H2 R% @
Rejection of Authority& l( D# o$ r# T" l
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 i2 S6 u8 L# z1 v: y9 h% n* P2 q
121. Refusal of public support
- o1 j {1 Q) V/ Y7 g9 D! N8 D. T 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
7 ]6 M+ H6 I; ]7 C$ |. x- ], M& g) T9 |
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government# b8 Q! l0 s3 I3 V( S) ~! H
123. Boycott of legislative bodies) l& B8 I9 ?$ Y2 t* V I
124. Boycott of elections( T8 B4 q, \: H+ n7 N+ |1 ?. A
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- H& C0 c6 g+ f% J n. q+ h d 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 \: q, a- B- B# f3 s 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
. A0 j! L7 R& Y4 l 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( L j/ y' _& m0 j7 b# `5 M" [
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents, l2 g& d9 w& f5 @% g: P6 S# y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks2 j6 B4 b2 L/ F9 O
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 ^. ?" c/ g' x! s 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' I3 D8 ~* w* y( O% k
% j5 {# } v @$ N4 UCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
- p& W3 d3 d! [5 I: R 133. Reluctant and slow compliance; }8 }! y$ f0 J9 @# z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
r$ J) d# e! `% v; h- V 135. Popular nonobedience
5 U0 `3 u! v1 D 136. Disguised disobedience
! I" I; s4 q" L* b2 F6 s [: n 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse8 Y4 t* b' k% s# ~* G
138. Sitdown
& r& E0 p9 v) O( ?/ B. l$ M 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
4 _! b% _5 ?9 e9 A3 Z 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities, g8 v4 `( O4 J' I& Q5 H
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# D2 T8 Y* |1 `3 z. U; m# x" X- O! D1 p
Action by Government Personnel6 ~# P7 @9 y- [6 e) A0 w
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' U5 E; t+ W6 Z" q' e* [
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! o2 A* d( j0 C- z; m
144. Stalling and obstruction
/ D7 z ^" y8 \6 Y; q, m' S 145. General administrative noncooperation
8 ~. C H6 s* h2 G4 X! ]! M* Y3 g- S' e
146. Judicial noncooperation
3 y$ d8 K* R# ~8 i, f' v 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. V3 f& Q; Y7 N1 I* V2 ` 148. Mutiny
+ Y& {" v, J) N. y1 r, T$ ADomestic Governmental Action
% u7 D) i9 Q4 R4 s0 \ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays3 D) N; Z7 J1 ]- j# }/ }
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
- G( C) v5 ]4 X2 V$ i, v$ C F. H) j0 o
International Governmental Action
) R7 a$ C1 w: l a: {8 K$ d 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- ]* p, l* |( { 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 Q" m) ]8 A. E1 l 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ H4 v2 t0 T8 B ~: I. Q: s+ L. h
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: s, X4 v; S9 s* \% S 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. Z9 ^; b" t- d- N y2 S2 \- I 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies3 S( w- M6 j8 k' U
157. Expulsion from international organizations
5 D( g: }1 O( C& Y' f/ E
4 N( a; x+ {" x/ I% O r
8 y- E' K4 E% s' ?) e- P4 h3 A* v" y
! t4 U S9 X! t- bTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION' U: b* D% b/ Y; W# a8 ^3 w# }
" v& V7 @ Y- m! s/ c
7 u" H4 A+ a3 e1 u+ h6 p7 i! R: [
Psychological Intervention
8 d4 A* o9 X% T$ `+ p 158. Self-exposure to the elements1 y# a% [+ Z/ N6 o) u
159. The fast4 ]9 c& y9 z p. X
a) Fast of moral pressure
9 f( K& a( U w9 X b) Hunger strike
[ H- a& g+ X5 | c) Satyagrahic fast
, F1 x, `) O+ b" n* x! P% P% d' K 160. Reverse trial# k- ]: }) b2 Z0 e- F" v
161. Nonviolent harassment, ^6 f- G' M2 b) w8 O" b) W \1 |
) K) X( F& {3 m* u! z' NPhysical Intervention
5 z9 `; T* ~1 i& l 162. Sit-in$ I3 C1 ~9 O4 A8 p
163. Stand-in3 w8 Y) m, ]3 B+ N6 Q7 c
164. Ride-in2 Z$ k. M6 ~+ ]% `
165. Wade-in
) M6 s/ m, `3 O1 a- z; o1 F+ d- S! L 166. Mill-in& N3 O- |$ ^/ k1 D8 i2 c
167. Pray-in
. `& @# V# c9 I3 O' X$ A" b 168. Nonviolent raids
4 f' z% R$ p4 y& f# `, C2 [9 S" [ 169. Nonviolent air raids
$ a& l$ r* @. J+ |5 m/ B 170. Nonviolent invasion6 I, G5 [' n3 d v5 J
171. Nonviolent interjection3 M% g' ?! u8 X* e' X
172. Nonviolent obstruction
" |* x. h6 p( d5 M 173. Nonviolent occupation
3 T! M6 E& D$ c* L/ @3 Q
% j" r, m. Z9 a2 Q9 L' X) Q, ~Social Intervention. F5 P5 a0 K# u7 u
174. Establishing new social patterns
% O) ]- J5 z8 d* U 175. Overloading of facilities! a5 c- v, \/ F K; n$ q9 U" n2 d
176. Stall-in- T0 Z! P6 Z& b
177. Speak-in4 X& H6 F) O( k
178. Guerrilla theater
+ q: t: t) J; U {4 @ 179. Alternative social institutions
& X2 o4 c& \4 w 180. Alternative communication system
, U1 Y3 q7 r' u% y: F
: n4 S! q- q0 M+ GEconomic Intervention
' J* P* J( x. ? 181. Reverse strike8 s8 y- d- {( g! ~
182. Stay-in strike u* \" {: `' v
183. Nonviolent land seizure
: V5 |2 V/ b1 R' @+ H( _4 d7 C2 N 184. Defiance of blockades! @1 k8 m+ R0 K: J
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- G1 M: _+ z. s" T3 p7 l2 x5 s' ~ 186. Preclusive purchasing
: X, T* E: _, d/ @1 S 187. Seizure of assets3 V/ P; o/ C5 ~. L( h
188. Dumping
+ o; ]) U+ r$ J( h. a0 v0 J; J 189. Selective patronage
2 C% v0 g8 f! p; y& ] 190. Alternative markets
" u' G6 J* V3 d9 I6 ~. w 191. Alternative transportation systems
8 U0 t) k* ~6 h6 t, f9 R 192. Alternative economic institutions
! }8 e8 E. y; u# U% M1 F& E7 s6 \' a, |8 T
Political Intervention
* t4 x/ z0 Z/ `7 w+ q 193. Overloading of administrative systems; t5 j6 j( h. b% X
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 R8 H1 Q1 I& k; o3 C% S
195. Seeking imprisonment; S1 @: Y6 L8 w0 B J8 R
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws: N* a8 q1 f/ ~
197. Work-on without collaboration
j) b6 p. V! W, o& S7 ?5 d* | 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
. \6 n# u; N. z& |* o- x# }2 ]# g' A& Y' D
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
