 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ t, f8 L L" }8 o6 r
Formal Statements
+ @4 E% l$ O! O 1. Public Speeches* b+ V0 e" n' F+ L( K* |: t9 |
2. Letters of opposition or support
/ r+ D, S3 W0 m3 Z: }% t 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 R- d8 M) F2 Y+ {* `
4. Signed public statements
; J' T( G! Y" c/ W 5. Declarations of indictment and intention. k% S% j# b L# e7 p8 S/ B# h
6. Group or mass petitions$ e: ]+ o2 N0 ?) r! Z% d
8 c3 f. X3 N& G4 {6 z
Communications with a Wider Audience
/ T' t7 V3 ^7 F) e 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. d3 Q7 m- [) S# @- Y
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ c4 |6 N( A. r$ L 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, a* \3 ~8 i! |7 I: g2 x
10. Newspapers and journals. x$ S2 _' f# Q- u
11. Records, radio, and television
9 v$ L9 F' F5 B( l 12. Skywriting and earthwriting$ k2 P: S/ M& A8 d ]# K* X. {
" U0 j( J$ z/ \( y2 O: P- yGroup Representations
0 M1 ~9 X d7 w0 D 13. Deputations8 `- z9 C# t [
14. Mock awards! D1 M( b6 s* ]4 O8 ?3 U
15. Group lobbying
3 K6 o% n: L ?9 m. u" j, a 16. Picketing& r6 ^5 E4 @5 Y! s3 }
17. Mock elections
4 j: h! p, y) J8 t. T. o9 l! y& t8 V. G( h2 _
Symbolic Public Acts
4 e& ?; S* Z5 |- D* t% b2 ]0 V 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
: p6 w8 y' U0 ^6 C 19. Wearing of symbols: S# N) f( t; Z* \: C
20. Prayer and worship
\5 g: m- i. A1 q. m! v 21. Delivering symbolic objects: x" n/ Y, G1 s4 x y
22. Protest disrobings
" p, a2 |$ q* }+ g 23. Destruction of own property
% q) u2 ^5 P6 H1 }- Y2 [ 24. Symbolic lights
! R4 E% x$ M9 Y; m3 p) W9 [$ x+ P( z 25. Displays of portraits$ ~- x. J! r3 E
26. Paint as protest P* H% L* S! I ]( ]1 A8 d
27. New signs and names8 V" |# |2 u$ }* K7 m8 N
28. Symbolic sounds
' x7 v( ]+ e; z7 u 29. Symbolic reclamations' v, b' {# T' s, ^8 f3 R3 r% m
30. Rude gestures
! a# F S* l' O# D7 V0 d" O$ h% t& E) l- ]) o# f' C
Pressures on Individuals
& j; l8 C; p0 T) |! p8 _* ?- Y# q 31. “Haunting” officials5 v" h! x5 _% b2 G3 C8 h0 b
32. Taunting officials8 B; n+ K; B) a; [( X
33. Fraternization
4 a# _0 g4 @% V1 g5 a 34. Vigils
+ m5 R# T$ B3 v2 x" b) [% h( \3 h! G! A5 ]% G* d
Drama and Music
# e; d. N9 k9 V+ D! O B/ S 35. Humorous skits and pranks
- N4 z9 k. t" Y+ D 36. Performances of plays and music
1 w+ H) F7 `8 `3 v: r) ] 37. Singing1 T* w4 m& ~/ A( e u
- n D, g; Q4 u& F8 t9 e
Processions7 A$ U: O6 Q5 q1 Y g) N- d, D
38. Marches
5 H* P5 D6 _/ g* N/ e& G+ b5 |/ h 39. Parades
# @6 I! ?. q5 @* W5 g7 z 40. Religious processions
, Y3 K/ b0 P1 p' r7 P 41. Pilgrimages
- R/ @/ x/ W8 C! G 42. Motorcades) o6 {4 Y | `$ g0 ~5 w
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Honoring the Dead& `% o. k& e# M% G
43. Political mourning2 l4 ], J+ t5 g* k2 h
44. Mock funerals
( A/ G5 J9 R. y& h+ m 45. Demonstrative funerals5 {4 Q" T2 f4 z% Z
46. Homage at burial places1 p# A6 W8 m/ e* y* r& ]* n" i" j) L
; l+ Q, q$ N7 n9 p# M3 g+ l; bPublic Assemblies
; v5 C. H7 b# j* j 47. Assemblies of protest or support
% u C) B. G6 y6 R, b6 m' I 48. Protest meetings! N. g) ^- a9 w% F$ y. l3 {, H
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest* r7 t6 g$ x9 w- k" `% R) b
50. Teach-ins4 @! @9 T n! j" X9 Z( d
7 X+ |$ d, e" e6 UWithdrawal and Renunciation8 ~( B( [* f- _
51. Walk-outs
C0 C8 N; s: g! C9 Q 52. Silence
0 m: N4 w* V3 K$ |: U. L 53. Renouncing honors9 E' _% b& \3 }$ i6 l2 J% h
54. Turning one’s back
9 s/ y/ D. y3 K6 J' |0 j8 X" G
7 ]; X3 u5 C5 ^. o ) m ?- R/ Q" r$ V
4 Z+ D6 ^! e. Y& H# m% U/ \5 @THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% o2 b2 O5 b# s% V
1 d: h" C! Z8 O2 b# B
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Ostracism of Persons
) ~# H* X" M* o) @, |1 p) C+ b 55. Social boycott
5 O; J* X; m; V& U" [ 56. Selective social boycott
* z; m' a% x& N8 u9 \ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
! a1 U9 N: T |5 } 58. Excommunication+ V; l6 p. J5 [+ z! T- I% d+ ^
59. Interdict
" Y9 w+ M5 V9 m5 u$ X. B8 D: K- H* b! o) Q% {: h
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
/ d6 Y1 }5 b& @$ ?. V1 T) d4 i 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
% @! x2 M$ C$ m: { 61. Boycott of social affairs
( c# C0 z, u+ m 62. Student strike
$ t+ }$ a4 r! V* I7 G 63. Social disobedience# u( y0 M& N1 U
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) T4 k2 X! E& r; _
9 ]8 E5 v- P" k+ A5 Q- j( @ YWithdrawal from the Social System0 g. Y% Y6 K1 S% V2 d$ m2 {
65. Stay-at-home- l! A6 ~3 s ^
66. Total personal noncooperation5 l# b+ K, k+ y4 g' M
67. “Flight” of workers
; T# W0 X8 ~ b 68. Sanctuary0 k# g3 S# r2 J0 ~/ m
69. Collective disappearance
0 \8 F/ w* ~8 {+ V" m- `% i# Z& N+ c 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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4 ?# ~+ [) H8 B8 ^! h5 X6 L# [' c3 J* [
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS2 w/ ^2 _0 A( J( l$ k, X& k- h
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7 s/ M5 B3 z1 Z; {- K* f+ X6 AActions by Consumers
9 X: d5 k# ]% N7 N/ {$ N$ G 71. Consumers’ boycott
, ?0 _5 ^0 E2 {; S) @ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods" L9 r: |) W8 t# {9 h6 a- R# Y9 R: z
73. Policy of austerity
( o% K6 x9 q9 Y; p* T$ X6 P9 w* S 74. Rent withholding/ o$ T4 e% o2 U% B5 j6 l" C
75. Refusal to rent' j5 D- k" x6 m; c
76. National consumers’ boycott
7 e) |% \% \! B6 E+ k 77. International consumers’ boycott8 L7 Q# r) b9 c: j5 b
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Action by Workers and Producers$ r0 b, p# V5 s
78. Workmen’s boycott+ F% W5 j, E( e: n/ V- M
79. Producers’ boycott
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" g. y' |. Y& @' nAction by Middlemen/ `* i* a6 O4 R% V! P# p& n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
0 V$ `, E i l' C
c: ~' r ~- k$ ZAction by Owners and Management
! F: c2 u4 c5 i8 M 81. Traders’ boycott
+ e F. {' y$ B5 `, O, }0 | 82. Refusal to let or sell property. m6 P2 j0 Y1 D w' N! }9 o
83. Lockout4 B3 W5 B! k3 z7 e& n
84. Refusal of industrial assistance( W5 r, H* A' O" y8 G% a; o2 j) @
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
" ~2 c& \9 j( y8 y/ L5 V! u0 v& k. r* S2 k
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
) g$ u+ _ ]5 w 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
- O6 g# e; ]3 Q0 I4 j* W6 T# v2 ] 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* k' p- Z* W* n" [! C9 d
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- I9 ]# G5 ?2 R) E, H( i# r; Z 89. Severance of funds and credit
9 e. ~0 U4 Y7 D& |2 u 90. Revenue refusal
M: y& t3 P4 q 91. Refusal of a government’s money! C9 D% I7 w3 C+ F4 @, F& J
4 b9 t+ H5 n2 A- D; K% p' k vAction by Governments7 w2 E; J- x' z
92. Domestic embargo
* U( r) k# M5 G9 k* q 93. Blacklisting of traders
4 s. H6 Y- |/ c) q% X8 J0 H8 T 94. International sellers’ embargo, u, c0 ? i0 L; P! z8 p7 I
95. International buyers’ embargo1 r8 @' V, {7 n+ ]* R' q* `
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
/ q8 m% W5 x- B2 W 97. Protest strike
4 ]: x1 g. K4 W* n; A, d5 c7 Y' V 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)) [0 \, w6 } K5 ^8 w' K" H
6 o+ k7 z8 |& \" j1 R, J$ Z7 \9 l
Agricultural Strikes
# g1 |6 A- _) @7 S 99. Peasant strike) f" A# c8 J, |+ x, j
100. Farm Workers’ strike
" l. |! y, v6 g5 s" }0 M! E& @" Y5 i0 K/ ~# o
Strikes by Special Groups9 [: a0 f- R5 M# V" c% c5 P, g: y
101. Refusal of impressed labor, h8 x1 f" ^' E; @: k( w
102. Prisoners’ strike( m" r6 Y) ?* O& r6 z
103. Craft strike
4 Q4 J, i2 U* w; P; ^- Y 104. Professional strike% v( w9 R- R: N+ m$ h+ o" E
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes7 l$ S# S' ], u2 V
105. Establishment strike
0 x, n; x6 _, f* i2 X 106. Industry strike
; H7 p; Z2 \2 b4 } 107. Sympathetic strike. K" P# x1 i$ ~7 m9 w4 c3 [
1 L9 |) h1 Q2 o5 U! @/ d. }
Restricted Strikes
' D* m Y7 ]; H! t3 F* l 108. Detailed strike
+ a1 j& V7 c! L$ e9 \7 i$ @3 y/ C 109. Bumper strike( y( ^6 d+ `, ~. T0 b4 t) b( q
110. Slowdown strike1 L8 ]) W O+ I" t+ n' m1 E
111. Working-to-rule strike
1 A! ^, @1 _! d% P, ]: H: ? 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 K& X P9 H- d( w: A& n \; b 113. Strike by resignation
8 \. \( Z. A8 V. l' ] 114. Limited strike$ z! s4 M, z$ W$ }. x: R' y7 o, h
115. Selective strike
) {( \1 W5 ^ O9 ^
9 ?. U9 B/ V a6 R6 P: BMulti-Industry Strikes
8 x1 l M& W+ Y* ~" y4 w! w7 j9 X/ ?0 Z2 v1 }. A
116. Generalized strike. t1 A. v, d O" }+ V
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117. General strike F% s# F5 ~" e8 x2 w, {
4 b- ~' I3 v% o5 P2 P
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures- b1 D5 \% A' M4 a$ j% G8 S
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118. Hartal9 `/ A. \" z1 U: {" |! k0 r
* d7 T; g1 M% _& O& v* m, w/ O: t2 X 119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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: Y& P3 O5 D- a. [& r l( B) }5 O+ VRejection of Authority) C2 z+ o: z& Q j8 |" Y
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
" X; q3 p" i/ Q) | 121. Refusal of public support
& g9 K1 u, V9 M* I' C 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- u' ^$ P) f; t7 ^
P" z, B- r3 a! VCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 I6 J7 A3 _- K; f- u+ v" k4 ^$ z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 ^) Q2 K8 s0 b& x/ D- P0 v 124. Boycott of elections# P# U9 q# ^# O/ _4 N$ t5 j
125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 Y6 `8 c$ a1 q: j4 d
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies. p# p& U% K9 w( h; Z `
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions& m4 o+ ^4 I/ N5 l" P1 o* U ?
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; N- l4 z1 ~/ Q2 @0 ]: q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% ]0 i" i2 k' i& e) _# U 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: @1 p' N4 Z, F5 s8 m. L
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 w" K6 u2 N" j
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
5 A, b+ b6 {9 D% ^8 N! |5 Z- R/ w8 R" H9 v- L1 W; X4 b' C
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: P! `) r5 K2 Q5 [: s# Y
133. Reluctant and slow compliance$ ^$ H5 t( T8 b
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; g% p K @% v1 O' N3 O/ F
135. Popular nonobedience
' b/ T# }7 z& Y% W# M: O7 B) ^ 136. Disguised disobedience
' }& K+ R- i+ G3 W2 m 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse1 L3 G/ d2 B" d9 Q" k
138. Sitdown
/ e5 i5 Q5 H& i' A 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation% o& z: n! g+ q( Q
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- ~' X: P% }' c
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws; t4 B0 H& i2 {: f1 q
" g D1 N y3 \: m. B9 ]3 e
Action by Government Personnel/ f# y+ C1 Y" {
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; H1 f k7 `- {/ t' e
143. Blocking of lines of command and information. a. M+ x |- m3 O7 M* {" F4 ~$ j
144. Stalling and obstruction/ i1 S5 {) M. G0 u6 r# d. a6 X* W- c
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 z" E+ z2 D* s3 g% C9 V( R5 I9 q- y' q+ d/ G
146. Judicial noncooperation+ j9 a) r; P9 S1 U& h' S$ I
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents9 E9 g0 D& Y0 k6 Z
148. Mutiny
! B4 }3 v8 h+ \0 z9 S8 K$ t3 ]Domestic Governmental Action3 y: w7 D5 p7 S& F+ R
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% c" `0 E% R( i+ a9 ] 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units7 s5 Y' [7 @8 y J" w0 Z8 G9 a _
* _% r( H) h1 _0 M( M2 iInternational Governmental Action
' |3 I! r/ ~* J2 W% {; s9 X 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations6 B' U: }* ]4 a0 d# O3 J: n* C
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events9 X% [- L9 n+ w. o6 N1 }8 P
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ z5 u% t6 x: E; L1 L 154. Severance of diplomatic relations* a: f6 X8 [* f# F/ i) u
155. Withdrawal from international organizations9 t- K! f. m; q! o5 Q z
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies9 S5 ?! t, ]" H3 n. G
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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" U Q" u1 t4 c% YTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 n0 Y" m, v5 Q, Y7 R7 u) D
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9 z, C! Y3 u- ?" dPsychological Intervention, m6 \8 q. @, f5 U% v8 X3 m
158. Self-exposure to the elements
3 o3 N& w7 S$ a 159. The fast
3 I# ?& ?6 r `& E9 G a) Fast of moral pressure
# @. } U" B! Q b) Hunger strike/ A. M& L& s t. q! R
c) Satyagrahic fast+ l4 G+ Z9 c9 p! Q" b
160. Reverse trial% j a5 _) D+ d# ` E
161. Nonviolent harassment
9 J9 C4 b# N. b5 w0 x* R6 h7 |" D1 e+ Q0 }- T) R- w. V
Physical Intervention' l! L* q4 z" F2 m
162. Sit-in
t! r6 _$ B d5 J! ]: g 163. Stand-in
8 S B# |5 q0 S$ Z/ A; P 164. Ride-in+ A4 X |5 J4 s7 A8 G3 f
165. Wade-in/ ]- y, k& M7 n
166. Mill-in; n8 L$ u, T- k6 z; T4 ^) r J d* b4 w
167. Pray-in
" ?0 \& s6 _+ Y% Q0 | 168. Nonviolent raids
1 n* ~% s) q0 L- I1 @ x' [- l0 d2 W 169. Nonviolent air raids X7 r6 {1 s' {5 |+ d. \/ p' W& m
170. Nonviolent invasion3 Q% m$ _9 X% f! O! ?
171. Nonviolent interjection4 u7 \6 P! G% j/ x5 H3 z
172. Nonviolent obstruction
7 @5 t3 z" |2 p$ L 173. Nonviolent occupation
6 w: O0 B2 I: `6 @# ^4 |+ v' v+ w' a2 c* c- C
Social Intervention
?7 X5 M% x& z0 `: t: Z 174. Establishing new social patterns1 v+ A! z7 b5 ^! ~
175. Overloading of facilities; V- b* v1 g! L6 i8 ^' J1 r/ Q
176. Stall-in- Q# _& y# F# [
177. Speak-in& j; b& d! O5 ?0 I
178. Guerrilla theater* g5 E+ N% k0 Y
179. Alternative social institutions' E+ @* h! X( v2 A# K* ?0 B
180. Alternative communication system4 G/ N9 A2 {/ v3 K2 Y# |
8 G$ @ F" _$ y4 N- P" h
Economic Intervention
, M; _2 O- Y7 S Y: V6 q 181. Reverse strike
7 N/ V p- r. l2 R) A) K 182. Stay-in strike
$ `0 g7 x- w/ c# p/ D% [ 183. Nonviolent land seizure0 |0 r; B5 @+ p9 M/ D: i" G
184. Defiance of blockades0 |8 V2 r4 k) R+ M& ?( t. a+ G! q
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
]8 ]6 T, j# n7 s4 c 186. Preclusive purchasing
! T; A8 G0 J# M# l1 L 187. Seizure of assets8 Y5 K' E5 X0 O- y z; i4 |. n1 Z3 c
188. Dumping
- T& E. w7 U6 _6 U 189. Selective patronage
2 Q! ^3 J+ h3 E2 H( t/ ?9 M 190. Alternative markets
# O) X; L' d/ A2 ^; A+ D 191. Alternative transportation systems
5 o8 x4 q7 m4 L4 t \ } 192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention9 d6 M7 K. `3 m
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 Y, T. z' c! @4 T$ T& K
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( d& f" W. r t0 s 195. Seeking imprisonment
3 X% z! g8 _" x* G7 A! e2 R 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
. R- V- o# E# q4 i" b 197. Work-on without collaboration/ z5 ]* b% N" L$ J; m0 U: b! M/ G2 b
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
