 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ f1 t8 v& [6 R9 B- p5 t2 rFormal Statements
8 T- v# S! j( y- ~0 M 1. Public Speeches, N* y8 I% X- _$ P0 k
2. Letters of opposition or support2 w. ?% r8 H3 o2 X) @ v+ u6 W+ u; j
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions2 g) ^# _/ R5 }0 x! i6 o9 i
4. Signed public statements
" Q& U9 f3 |; V& U5 r" ^ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
8 P" c% w% P) {3 s6 M/ y1 @: {9 k 6. Group or mass petitions+ E* b f9 i4 \) O; Q* F
5 P2 A7 t, Y! ~7 TCommunications with a Wider Audience( n* a1 r# f: S9 {- ^9 }# f& H- o
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- E% N, k" W w, y. V 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* }% ]. M9 i8 Q, J/ u9 X 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
3 Q8 ?. {7 ]/ z 10. Newspapers and journals
3 f+ V) |6 y: ]$ P E" [ 11. Records, radio, and television
( n' m% z0 o2 j- q6 i [' E0 q6 s 12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ j2 x% [" r! W- q0 o
) |* ^7 I5 L$ \+ v8 N$ NGroup Representations
- J; }# V* { D2 } 13. Deputations
/ c; C- ~& |; n% ? 14. Mock awards
6 ~# T2 k' ? g) z7 | 15. Group lobbying5 C: U. z* `8 m" c
16. Picketing
) p& a# y9 x% g& [0 K5 o% f* Y 17. Mock elections
* H5 @; N: j! Q( r
$ B' g. q* \5 K- h4 S" ySymbolic Public Acts, V& z/ S/ v, o8 R0 D" B
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' K% u, l/ m7 t$ g, | b
19. Wearing of symbols
" d7 c2 ? L% b- ` 20. Prayer and worship" V+ y6 X% O8 Q) t
21. Delivering symbolic objects
, v! S+ v) ?3 a/ P- D4 b/ z 22. Protest disrobings! l: m X1 |: A# V* } C
23. Destruction of own property
. Y4 }. y- J& _& a3 Z' Z9 @ 24. Symbolic lights
6 Y+ m1 r. R) b% @+ J6 \5 L 25. Displays of portraits k$ Z( z" f! G. |- b
26. Paint as protest
. E, A d3 V$ a 27. New signs and names5 [7 h6 G k! K8 v/ b! ^. f b/ a
28. Symbolic sounds
0 A" l4 X4 g) G0 }5 X# \2 y0 j 29. Symbolic reclamations0 ]1 q& @- r/ z i p
30. Rude gestures5 Q7 R, e0 Z+ s4 ^ t" k3 y
( j% n3 P% @7 g1 K2 G1 s, hPressures on Individuals6 w. P6 S# R W9 t
31. “Haunting” officials+ F$ Q7 g0 ]/ F6 R. |5 Q- ~* b
32. Taunting officials
' R7 `' z5 N* g& v( n4 S 33. Fraternization
% d \! u2 Y( C, B 34. Vigils# J7 S: K, g+ v; @6 f: B
) Z5 F& ~, M% E1 \8 o; R# DDrama and Music
) B0 b+ S$ o& j4 |! y, G0 H! ~ S 35. Humorous skits and pranks3 j& P. I% d6 L" a% w, x3 g
36. Performances of plays and music
, z4 R5 M' j! f 37. Singing
4 Q6 M/ i4 D# A0 I* Z& A, J) n" g8 c4 {0 U) \1 D
Processions( N$ d; M% _6 f! L/ a: P
38. Marches
" V7 [' e' `: Z" c 39. Parades- I- B Q8 V% s6 }- R
40. Religious processions9 r& p6 D7 T+ Z
41. Pilgrimages
" K; \% f, V: ]8 W0 v( O 42. Motorcades
$ s2 P3 X( V @7 E6 I$ v
: j* M$ e x2 w0 m1 w5 \9 kHonoring the Dead
n3 j4 N& ^4 y! ` 43. Political mourning# H- _5 }9 N& H9 u7 _. W
44. Mock funerals
7 [4 n9 ?: e. E8 T6 T$ C4 U 45. Demonstrative funerals/ P5 H" a6 }# F
46. Homage at burial places
/ i3 w1 D; J- K) h+ Z( F h: }# } v& P$ l
Public Assemblies
6 C, B, L: R! ]+ Z" T& f! d+ F- L 47. Assemblies of protest or support$ Y# f4 ]/ H9 t4 b& b/ g0 z) Z
48. Protest meetings
! ?/ J7 U+ g$ X9 I* Y! p 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 U: Z" w% W, L9 Z: G% H 50. Teach-ins) y* I" B' d) L5 d+ c
, L) {& _& B+ k) o* l# }
Withdrawal and Renunciation
; j1 s2 K% L. t1 |) J1 Z# W) y 51. Walk-outs# V* I4 O& F1 ^) j I- @& \' J
52. Silence7 X. X0 U) m6 f+ k: N& ^: Q
53. Renouncing honors
, W) E' R k% d; U3 \! o 54. Turning one’s back* r/ P6 P8 i, t8 \( {$ L$ o( v
* [) {" M9 e$ A7 k# Y% F2 m ; A2 f0 M" Y/ S( P' R2 t0 q' t
( ?' a( ?( U& W7 kTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION A: {9 i0 L& N+ ~" p4 a
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- _" N, y+ d3 B6 m1 eOstracism of Persons7 O7 i/ d' f% i& A& f* n$ z
55. Social boycott
5 A9 f( w$ P; C( N 56. Selective social boycott* o1 |* Z$ J I* o! J1 J# O& t
57. Lysistratic nonaction
% V6 r: D, m/ T! H- F$ U& K6 R, d 58. Excommunication! r$ t& z7 a+ u- [
59. Interdict
1 Z, L8 z1 j L6 d2 f$ C/ d
" g7 C Q% f0 e/ P1 p7 L( k" aNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: o0 r) Z/ k7 m6 {- n( S 60. Suspension of social and sports activities8 b& ^) |0 c: b) P) G8 h3 S
61. Boycott of social affairs( ~* ^- D4 H m
62. Student strike
" W7 I/ R+ c4 \0 U p5 ^ 63. Social disobedience1 ^. _7 o! T2 L: S( A4 q
64. Withdrawal from social institutions. V. z' @* x, l. @4 \$ F
( C% [; _" y |, ]9 }* CWithdrawal from the Social System
) X. D) W0 Z9 w* y 65. Stay-at-home
0 Z5 y! @' c7 } 66. Total personal noncooperation4 j( F; O1 j: L6 v
67. “Flight” of workers3 Z$ i% P6 J2 F+ R0 M3 l8 E
68. Sanctuary
( E3 L; ~7 L0 {. E7 ^9 r) W 69. Collective disappearance2 S. d+ o; f: @0 p
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' X( Y6 U2 n" U ?' s3 T4 p8 h
# j" W8 {1 I+ }0 U2 g5 z5 Q4 H/ L) b : X" w8 b1 d; p
1 T4 a7 E3 [* e
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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0 H) b% ]+ y+ z3 PActions by Consumers
' @- \0 \$ J7 T3 r: E4 [$ j1 I 71. Consumers’ boycott" P4 R) ?* M a! d8 ?. }9 ~
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ ^! H6 [2 R. v5 O" }4 I
73. Policy of austerity$ j* V! T; b% c# W* X
74. Rent withholding
# w7 `/ p k$ |% \ 75. Refusal to rent* ?: V" ?% q7 k/ p0 Q
76. National consumers’ boycott3 V) x2 x# x( T" y2 F+ Y: W% g' m, ?( X m
77. International consumers’ boycott7 Q: I, n* {" ^" L* ~; q
3 \5 J% v8 I* U& l- j; d" xAction by Workers and Producers/ M: \, k' Z& L% K
78. Workmen’s boycott8 n* f/ }. Z8 o6 u
79. Producers’ boycott, p# a- z' B o' L2 O; D2 l
% ?& H ]7 |5 ?1 Q
Action by Middlemen4 A) k* U' a9 g% R
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ A8 |$ }# e- s8 Y+ s
$ j$ K' J8 S% i" j1 b6 ~Action by Owners and Management
/ i7 X; Y* O4 \0 E! T5 I 81. Traders’ boycott& Q0 @. F/ w. _. `# Y( j) ~5 \
82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 s6 Q' Q, P1 _4 D/ n 83. Lockout
( M, a$ b6 A6 G, P4 o& a) u 84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 _' e2 T; ?2 ^$ } q! v5 n" ` v
85. Merchants’ “general strike”2 u* O) ~3 E) [5 n( j. T1 n4 K
2 n. G8 ` ^: j2 x
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
: i, o& J5 y4 R 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
. e$ v& p- o) Z% C 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments& _- O( C) M6 O) k
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
9 R" }& G" b W6 D' r3 [ 89. Severance of funds and credit% h9 [$ c C4 _0 N! l# j$ d
90. Revenue refusal4 }; x3 ] w6 [$ X2 G0 a
91. Refusal of a government’s money
+ ^7 i3 j- H1 ^5 D6 _$ A9 V/ S0 N: A$ I1 m- O0 V
Action by Governments
% e3 `: \- J( N$ r$ n" E& b- T' ?: L 92. Domestic embargo8 K. N9 |. F. a" h( `- F i
93. Blacklisting of traders
8 b# P2 V# ?5 K) x2 g- f# t 94. International sellers’ embargo! G- x* P* v+ h5 V( r% h. H
95. International buyers’ embargo, j) C4 K ?' w5 A* L8 t) a
96. International trade embargo
# m# U3 ?6 f9 v* g4 m, v& m7 Z H3 y8 \) U8 g# h
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE# _" U' A& o& m/ T2 l
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t( Q, O7 i5 I+ K) X7 T4 n2 }Symbolic Strikes" P+ `1 p: w" w6 h* q
97. Protest strike
, ~/ x/ P; h! m* ] 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): A6 u5 X# |2 m% Z: B' N
) P6 P3 _* G: \. q9 Z, GAgricultural Strikes4 P+ U; y N0 g$ w
99. Peasant strike
6 Q3 z! w. y# ~, e$ h 100. Farm Workers’ strike }# w) A9 N% E" n' b! G5 B3 G
j* d8 N6 p: e8 h% ^4 aStrikes by Special Groups- Z9 M9 b T1 |' q- T* {
101. Refusal of impressed labor
& d# Z+ U$ g$ |4 ?6 X3 F, f! g 102. Prisoners’ strike
) \# ~4 d, h' F$ [+ b0 { 103. Craft strike8 s. S' w! y2 L/ @& J6 o7 j
104. Professional strike8 v& h3 v4 t0 Z5 }8 N
# k3 B4 b. [7 \( QOrdinary Industrial Strikes; |' g0 _5 N: e) |& Z; P" i- I% f! U
105. Establishment strike
# x1 ~, ?" `, o0 m; @ 106. Industry strike5 M: R7 o- R/ i& A' R
107. Sympathetic strike: c+ p: E$ q" m5 ~0 z& f
3 D* A* d# e) |' C7 [
Restricted Strikes
7 ~& n! i+ ~" e- @& i' Y4 \* K+ a 108. Detailed strike$ \! Y/ Q, j" C. r( s
109. Bumper strike$ X9 g' Y' s# b1 s$ i. ~8 o
110. Slowdown strike
5 i, N- u5 b, b' @. _9 R. r 111. Working-to-rule strike
! x/ T& V9 j* E$ W% [" n 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
; ~% O. w! T! j 113. Strike by resignation- [( \3 S8 p2 P
114. Limited strike6 A* R7 F. n6 u/ N8 r; U
115. Selective strike
$ I! w. B+ e3 q0 j1 N
2 ]* b! M7 R1 F& TMulti-Industry Strikes
6 w' \; C6 K- q7 u& C. k5 h6 F- }+ ^! L9 I* \) V/ V* x% t
116. Generalized strike
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5 } O3 Q) v; T) f# E 117. General strike) O% G1 C4 U7 ~8 l1 m0 ^
& |$ ?1 D' S5 ?6 @. L4 ^# u8 t- |Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 g6 W3 [9 [5 h* M( Z( F6 a
: g) s- Z$ u, D$ L 118. Hartal
) B' }. n# A3 J) B
) x! w0 e/ B& e8 j+ s( i- n, g' s 119. Economic shutdown8 o( \, c1 F' R& y. C2 ^/ \7 ?5 Y! z1 R
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6 d9 t5 l$ Z* [: qTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION K+ g$ p8 k/ R% K% {3 {7 r& T
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Rejection of Authority
% C! m: ]8 C5 q" R5 F: O; O; o 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance* Q- x2 v9 Z, j* I& M. S6 k3 f
121. Refusal of public support# w) b% b9 t( ?4 `( s" p
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 c2 x& w' P( |' R9 c4 c5 r
9 b0 Z2 i8 e( S9 KCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" F. }) z; V( f# ^( D x' s 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
# D% ?. i8 ~7 |/ H, e, { 124. Boycott of elections- E8 d6 L+ w- p f
125. Boycott of government employment and positions4 m/ F5 D& C& ? o
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
( ^* |4 ~2 I/ X. O" y8 {9 `$ C1 S 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
" {/ q' U# N X" c4 d, v8 U' a3 l 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 |" q. q; {) c% m 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 X: O) k, v) B+ a/ L+ ^
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! b9 A0 h/ D# L* e: X0 k4 Q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* }5 Z) X* ?% H- _
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% s, }6 r% |5 S! E
' n, }* n- Z# Q0 W8 @+ kCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
. p, d8 w7 b2 t- Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
1 _5 R3 a% M$ O/ B$ u* O 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' W- t# b- U& M2 M' S7 E 135. Popular nonobedience
j) ~4 Q* t& }6 P! l" n* N 136. Disguised disobedience
% A" L3 K0 X- J+ { 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse! e- I: p9 q! H/ h' F
138. Sitdown
' c, x- K. K: S 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 R$ G! o1 I! y2 L" x& ?& K& Y, O4 j 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ |# e h5 N2 ]3 J9 C7 `
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
]! X6 u0 {5 h1 H! ]9 ~
: A$ L7 b; [. PAction by Government Personnel
. b; f2 y m5 G5 m/ |2 T/ Z/ Z' \2 z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 y% D5 k f5 ]. |$ l* A: h. M, n
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" T* Q. K T5 M 144. Stalling and obstruction
. [$ V4 P4 M8 h! q- X& K2 J' f 145. General administrative noncooperation# |, P( t( a' {0 g4 e$ i" g" J
6 u. V9 J. N# m3 a: r2 \
146. Judicial noncooperation- X3 O+ U! s3 S- C/ L1 O' S I
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) Z3 y0 o2 m# ? 148. Mutiny7 ~( R. D8 F. U% C N
Domestic Governmental Action7 i c6 y1 o) E% \
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays/ y1 Y( R% T2 K2 _! p8 x8 q3 a
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
3 t# [: R6 ?. U# P3 ?8 q
' p1 h1 I, K- O2 a+ k* EInternational Governmental Action
& q, a$ s2 u4 t) }& c p& ?" w* V* V2 P 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
' G G7 U/ O& V1 S5 S 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
. w1 T0 o6 R/ x4 W( n 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
% {1 ]- g% Z7 U/ E# e- X2 t( x 154. Severance of diplomatic relations6 D) Z) j) L& `3 X( x
155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 C& |( g3 _2 u
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ j4 z* d1 J- p' [ 157. Expulsion from international organizations0 x1 m. m- G6 P# {, P) R
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% z. E8 K5 E) i& T. J$ z$ ?
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ W3 L2 y' \* T. E* m. ?
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Psychological Intervention- P. N3 @/ h' \; z m, d
158. Self-exposure to the elements* s j$ g* Q6 `* Y2 N- M" y
159. The fast
0 H. g M# O n V a) Fast of moral pressure
- u" K T7 {6 @* l3 @ b) Hunger strike
. M! a* d- T- e c) Satyagrahic fast; n0 Y8 T7 Y* x6 m: M
160. Reverse trial
! V# M- \% t9 j+ o, B' r$ f 161. Nonviolent harassment9 v$ O, b1 l8 `+ c/ k3 \% A
( ]6 w. b) w# v$ _% vPhysical Intervention: H+ g) z( q6 U8 h3 R
162. Sit-in
& _8 v, o, W! \( i 163. Stand-in* w- R- M9 s9 J3 r7 m
164. Ride-in* z6 k5 ~+ ^0 L# d3 n+ o
165. Wade-in
3 d j) Y, P" Q" M5 Q8 T 166. Mill-in
6 l! V: S8 h( n6 }* a 167. Pray-in
, N. [) o+ p- z 168. Nonviolent raids
2 P' `8 Y: k4 j 169. Nonviolent air raids7 M, |2 ^2 u" `# s
170. Nonviolent invasion
: m* s; H0 \1 ^8 G9 W2 ^ |- v 171. Nonviolent interjection' m# @+ ~( x! H* Q. y
172. Nonviolent obstruction
, k8 P# a# g4 Z7 `7 u 173. Nonviolent occupation
- d+ q5 ^5 h# }' H% X8 {5 ]$ [: y# K( e( z. m3 ^+ _) ?% e2 U
Social Intervention9 }/ a) m3 m( p, j' u8 i& ]
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 P" c) h# l: e( {8 D7 J' i 175. Overloading of facilities
$ n5 ~8 v$ y/ Q- J/ I3 g/ n 176. Stall-in
( l! g, {! [9 k/ r! Q2 z 177. Speak-in
$ k$ s4 T4 i& l" `1 i 178. Guerrilla theater' s6 L+ L) G( z! b, y' [* K1 U. x. U
179. Alternative social institutions
( z6 Y0 w3 r( p. P 180. Alternative communication system+ c. g- P" ~" W
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Economic Intervention
. N& j: q. o- T 181. Reverse strike
. T% {" y0 Y$ z3 u 182. Stay-in strike3 X9 C0 h1 _& A
183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ K. p- J: a' d+ P 184. Defiance of blockades
) w6 H6 |9 L- X7 ] 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
" D2 z) e1 p3 S/ ^7 b+ a& P5 X 186. Preclusive purchasing$ F$ ]6 t4 l Y W0 u7 t
187. Seizure of assets! {7 z6 k, I6 G, R. K9 o
188. Dumping
/ o$ j6 z8 Z9 j; G" p" \% U% H 189. Selective patronage
& l# Q/ N$ R8 E 190. Alternative markets2 S9 B; }) b U4 \
191. Alternative transportation systems
: E* C8 M3 t2 n" { 192. Alternative economic institutions
M7 T4 I( a! u" b/ J; u0 g4 F, h/ ]1 W. a/ y
Political Intervention
7 t1 F' [# ?5 C, ]: S, \ l 193. Overloading of administrative systems$ T" }5 M5 X1 n' M0 O
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents$ z7 R* x! O3 F& l0 ~' k
195. Seeking imprisonment
/ e- Y4 [) E# g6 A 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws: L3 w1 A+ }9 o3 e# |" ~+ b& ?
197. Work-on without collaboration
3 g, r* Q' E; C 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
