 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( f# n) h. _; R- y: eFormal Statements; c+ j, O! I1 J5 }: Z
1. Public Speeches. K! {0 ^- [+ k& K1 f
2. Letters of opposition or support
! g+ l5 ^1 F4 N/ r 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ h* E7 y) H! M! x 4. Signed public statements E" G8 |2 J% _' x2 r
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# t- x3 ^; w& d% P 6. Group or mass petitions
/ n: j# k) `5 y& c/ m
6 C5 ` q$ [8 K; Q# ^7 b) xCommunications with a Wider Audience
# L5 N) @) r }# X3 L 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
) ~1 p8 `: A, l' O 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) Q. `: O" S3 n' e+ m2 M+ B
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books& B5 t' \+ P7 p. w k) a! t! p
10. Newspapers and journals% x0 U) {2 g$ q1 l% D) j
11. Records, radio, and television
; H3 P, \9 W( w: a; }: S: ~ 12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 C" B+ M& \& L5 O( c3 h. @
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Group Representations/ C/ @; m. y# U6 S \
13. Deputations3 Q" {# T1 n _
14. Mock awards- x9 b* i) J( P L* U% x
15. Group lobbying& d5 S: U1 u9 r0 T* U
16. Picketing
. p9 \3 y: s8 k: \% O 17. Mock elections+ U! h5 m/ l! p8 y
6 T8 U8 _4 P: s% z2 B$ h1 ~
Symbolic Public Acts9 A: z2 T* m* Z" \% i3 A" G+ A" v. Y
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. d1 v) T, c% s( _* F% y 19. Wearing of symbols' O5 L2 R! q# ~! \/ B a
20. Prayer and worship
+ _ z6 g* R" C d, Y( Y 21. Delivering symbolic objects
8 v6 w4 t6 l( ^* {. t- J* m 22. Protest disrobings
0 x' K! T# e1 \1 @! {6 m 23. Destruction of own property
* T" H9 y7 H) o/ |& q: i$ h! R7 g% D 24. Symbolic lights
3 T9 }" F* d; g. _2 ?5 d. ~ 25. Displays of portraits
! f1 T% x9 g$ ^- q1 F2 @6 \ 26. Paint as protest
3 X6 j; y+ E7 c0 x5 i, L0 o8 q1 A 27. New signs and names
3 |' c* h% |7 h. [4 o- x* ] 28. Symbolic sounds
1 Y# F! S( J2 [4 g2 ~% F; Y; a- e% q 29. Symbolic reclamations
( j2 J! p& L w" H/ Q 30. Rude gestures n- r$ w- F5 c- `6 K `# y" s/ h
) D0 X* Q% K* S+ w' h) _! Z4 V) [Pressures on Individuals
1 s( {5 D5 q" O, e! t 31. “Haunting” officials
0 }7 Z' n3 X4 T+ ? P# C" j2 O 32. Taunting officials/ Z+ L2 e0 P* [- a# h; W% O3 T
33. Fraternization h1 {; b2 e: K
34. Vigils. R. x, I6 D5 S: V; f8 O# t! F
X- C8 R' n6 L/ w3 F- g2 h1 u/ b
Drama and Music4 a# n- ~5 p+ _; y x$ D# B* {( R
35. Humorous skits and pranks
" p, L/ P* R) s/ e: H. H1 B 36. Performances of plays and music
1 {7 k# V9 F/ ^/ K/ Z7 v3 v8 W: a' A 37. Singing/ \# l% ?/ _! c4 R- y, z% t" ?9 m
* e) ^/ a0 j' V; b; B9 j! @
Processions
- k- H3 r+ u6 h5 V4 z5 Q V, | 38. Marches
) x8 y$ t, f: Q2 E7 C1 P4 R' D 39. Parades
3 f: F! ~% n( W* ^; @+ L4 g% |* g" h* f 40. Religious processions
+ x' ~5 g O1 i: f V& J, ^2 r 41. Pilgrimages
+ \+ d- ^* y0 n; \. A7 d9 O 42. Motorcades
7 j" R# h; w/ D- P" i9 X, A
% |) x- M% v( g3 P( k& cHonoring the Dead
) c% _+ j1 c4 C% z0 {6 p 43. Political mourning
4 E5 X7 ^# A+ o- F; b; m 44. Mock funerals
0 ?" a$ h3 h. f2 o5 @ 45. Demonstrative funerals! C9 ~5 _* `) G- b
46. Homage at burial places
9 y0 s" c+ ]+ T. U3 }! I8 Z
# P, u- M8 U- j* D! t+ T$ QPublic Assemblies
4 b# D$ x2 Z, t$ { 47. Assemblies of protest or support
- X$ J' x( O. P; | 48. Protest meetings
5 L' {8 d7 [ D, S% a 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
J4 t1 R: ^; i& k+ T* W 50. Teach-ins
0 U4 A, ^8 U! _1 Y+ Z- }. }8 }1 `& f+ p
Withdrawal and Renunciation+ C, |* e9 j9 H! V
51. Walk-outs
4 D; [$ f6 H4 t1 d 52. Silence
# ~- X- O4 B! c 53. Renouncing honors
. X6 r& n- y; P" R4 B! Q! \ 54. Turning one’s back
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Q5 }& N% Y0 l 3 {/ P; z" Y4 V9 C. I+ Y
3 g, c& o, c' h7 _THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ t" `; a: e5 j5 f% [3 ~% I" {( t. I: W a( r1 e
Ostracism of Persons
- ^$ i( x: c7 z2 k" n3 a 55. Social boycott
2 x( Z2 K1 W5 `5 z( N' @" | 56. Selective social boycott
) C) V5 v2 o# z+ g" o 57. Lysistratic nonaction+ P8 D- ~3 y; m2 G; i9 K$ E
58. Excommunication8 @4 W6 c0 R5 ]& j6 C
59. Interdict; s* Q2 A0 [6 z" u! q
& ]7 J9 l* g' K) B, W& ~ M: W8 t
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
% U8 S( q2 @; H8 D& V$ o9 V7 r 60. Suspension of social and sports activities& o l o( ?- ]
61. Boycott of social affairs
- ?6 q; k* Y0 j+ y/ H, @ 62. Student strike5 x0 R! \* p9 ~8 {
63. Social disobedience/ r8 j Y, h- v/ J
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
$ q, O& F5 s/ ?9 Q
1 f5 o" q6 ]! p, G2 DWithdrawal from the Social System
6 L" T% N, |4 ~! y& a 65. Stay-at-home& S, i+ ?$ g5 }) B
66. Total personal noncooperation
# K. B' P3 i" L$ o) Q 67. “Flight” of workers
' P9 i! t; A; N0 S 68. Sanctuary5 ~/ w, G9 K: v( R5 D1 M
69. Collective disappearance" J( `- K0 D/ k+ G3 f
70. Protest emigration (hijrat); w+ T7 b3 R0 H5 K
Z% U7 X R1 l; b2 ]
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# S. t* K8 ~9 j1 s6 `$ YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 I6 l1 G2 n) y0 r9 W! I* q
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Actions by Consumers( ^- ~9 r- {4 `1 b' j1 h. W" t
71. Consumers’ boycott
6 ?3 K1 q! |+ ` l+ T; s( O 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods4 i8 X4 i# z& \6 L' Q8 ^2 m
73. Policy of austerity
: c; G }& M. Y4 f( T r 74. Rent withholding
* G7 I! b# I, g0 ~ 75. Refusal to rent9 ?+ A4 |+ I( N
76. National consumers’ boycott
$ O4 L5 s% D3 T/ ?; q) D 77. International consumers’ boycott" C' S. [" Y" J& _5 D: s
2 l0 E4 d+ M3 Q5 W) j6 u4 M% k XAction by Workers and Producers
; g% ]* i9 J6 `$ m, ` 78. Workmen’s boycott
# B5 a' G5 M! q( P- i6 r R& H& B+ ? 79. Producers’ boycott) M8 m$ q$ g) c2 E1 G0 E) X
9 l! ~) B* M6 V$ _& ?
Action by Middlemen% f, A+ `. j, u1 H
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
7 N( w2 ]7 W+ e' u
2 M0 i* u. Z. T+ V* X KAction by Owners and Management
9 E6 M% J+ X' S, u5 t2 |+ J. m 81. Traders’ boycott
3 V1 S. y1 y" I! Z 82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 J1 e \4 M2 \% T( } 83. Lockout: \+ |& n+ a$ @2 \* k4 `2 O7 E) M9 J
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 K( Y7 R6 g! z& _ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ r, z& s. S) [' `) x1 s+ E3 X! C+ L5 l: h) S
Action by Holders of Financial Resources" v# g0 @6 |+ P- U/ h
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
" h% |( [! H1 o, @& y+ s+ I 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) e& n: f. ^/ I6 y* m9 ]4 o 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
3 z9 d* T8 V. T' M! u( |* x7 D- f 89. Severance of funds and credit" J, x8 \/ x ~0 y/ w7 R$ ]/ u
90. Revenue refusal. H# f, h2 Q+ x8 ^7 K
91. Refusal of a government’s money
~; `3 P+ o; @- @3 {2 O
& g- t. _" Z. j8 h1 N5 _# _Action by Governments( L, X! C o8 e- T* ^$ Y
92. Domestic embargo' l% F$ Q$ u! C: a o
93. Blacklisting of traders
1 u y. Z, V: O% n 94. International sellers’ embargo
( s( G6 l" K* f1 E# U 95. International buyers’ embargo M2 N0 i m N; l% L
96. International trade embargo* O2 Q/ a1 N! K4 x
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/ D7 E# _# `2 _ @8 Z( a6 VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE/ b% K) I- b# |) b D" s
( \5 a7 q, }" d4 ~% t) }; ^ " {. ~* i/ T3 K% o8 }1 o; c+ f
Symbolic Strikes6 x1 \4 X$ B" R0 e
97. Protest strike
5 C$ ~. J# `# I! d 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)' A8 q% d/ F9 `" Y5 h1 M
! [' T w6 p9 R0 AAgricultural Strikes
" y- K3 z; p& u5 n& ? 99. Peasant strike2 V2 S- a! r' p0 \
100. Farm Workers’ strike7 M, \2 b8 R, c1 B: N# [3 x- \- o, i
' J1 k" I( x8 Q5 ?6 @/ q; @Strikes by Special Groups/ T+ B* _, t4 R% o; s: W+ h, S% ]
101. Refusal of impressed labor
0 G' b H0 R8 ~" s2 ` 102. Prisoners’ strike' Z2 \' T( e6 e |- h5 M
103. Craft strike
( n' f- x5 A5 k) v1 i 104. Professional strike' q5 `. v2 d4 y. g7 ?( O! z4 p
& m2 O9 V) j7 a/ }
Ordinary Industrial Strikes* p2 X. |7 R& b8 a5 k
105. Establishment strike$ R k5 W7 l W1 w+ c# ]0 }: N& ]
106. Industry strike
' @/ H" r; C& \8 q. J! r& f! @( d 107. Sympathetic strike. z( c! B* G/ Q B( i$ v
7 m5 ?# n+ L' [/ m: I
Restricted Strikes
3 Y _! _6 y) q B. [ X 108. Detailed strike3 M. F& M/ I! D2 D! o6 u6 l
109. Bumper strike
, |' l% R# r+ Y6 Q 110. Slowdown strike
" {5 Y; K$ p0 p* s+ Y 111. Working-to-rule strike
- \+ {+ A- Z8 g" E7 Y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 x0 }7 w: A' J& e
113. Strike by resignation5 i4 y6 `, }! D
114. Limited strike M% g8 s K- O" d o
115. Selective strike
* ~* y. @ X9 j/ Q+ q, A" x* N7 z! o& {7 c( a/ U
Multi-Industry Strikes$ Q/ f* y4 l2 B# {9 @
" G" K1 ?1 `5 K' Z 116. Generalized strike
" ~% R; q# G' A4 D# A( F- f \% Z" j" h1 Y: O5 k0 D: r( S
117. General strike" e. ?( O& l- o- x7 I
% }, | C0 J; G* tCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
/ x9 p. _6 t, w" z* H3 w4 a
. G* n# s* E+ Y Z$ w+ k 118. Hartal. c; d) P. Z5 U: ]) n
/ \8 k7 \3 @; ^- `6 m0 V2 n' J6 U 119. Economic shutdown7 M, d/ }- V7 O! W4 o0 s- o$ n O
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0 _9 P/ e) A6 _1 Q! L) D6 u4 l- c* L0 c6 m
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority$ s0 w. K! d, S! H5 H$ ^6 V" i5 o) b
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- t& t( i0 d! [+ [( N6 m. _
121. Refusal of public support& W, f8 J+ o7 m6 N+ F
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# F- i" J5 x7 A
0 b; a8 f+ j2 L) n* qCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government$ h3 ?9 E' @7 k1 Z- o
123. Boycott of legislative bodies" J: x4 O1 H8 T5 i S; P: \
124. Boycott of elections
9 w8 }( m: M& Z8 c 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 Z1 z0 }' f3 X5 s3 ]2 l2 K
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# i$ u% C: ~/ H
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 |/ S( ^& b. Q
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 B+ n$ c$ _9 E
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
/ [! _) I$ y* c0 s6 v4 u 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
' X7 d+ ~. z! X5 J g! O* S 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
3 O3 I# L& s q/ G6 D 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 G# N- w; }. d; y8 G- I; [% D" z# m. g0 B/ L. W
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, A6 G0 h, h) L; [5 X( D 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
* C2 \9 r$ n3 [' B( k2 V( E 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" K- p' Q$ a6 @% w; S
135. Popular nonobedience( k* [0 x, X9 z2 W+ |9 E/ u, p& ]) R
136. Disguised disobedience1 x% X$ C; R. {* r# J7 z! o1 J
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: Y* A4 K, y: r6 ^1 s. { 138. Sitdown' a6 m7 z) f0 I' a4 u% R
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ v( H9 X8 s0 p. C2 m4 T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 f7 F. b9 `7 o# D 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& T4 O1 Z' c" c* Z* Y
9 E2 A5 {4 o2 N/ gAction by Government Personnel
' [6 Q% l# K8 E$ }2 l7 e; o/ F 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides0 S! `, g5 V( L: a/ e
143. Blocking of lines of command and information) t" g) W- D$ S1 o+ o, j {
144. Stalling and obstruction
6 S+ Y# e% X. d7 J/ Y 145. General administrative noncooperation
0 q: c0 G5 { A x, V6 U, n' g- u# {4 P( c# B) @, g, Y6 ? U) B- R
146. Judicial noncooperation) @) Y$ b* b4 t a0 r
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents. l6 J: R; M9 u
148. Mutiny
" X4 l# P m! E) ?7 b/ ADomestic Governmental Action
# |7 @2 J- D8 R 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays$ V! G/ d" P) t2 [7 t# [5 I: p/ y) S( L
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
. D7 Z. J& _6 y% V; ^9 [/ H8 p/ ~# P* i0 J1 M0 P( o
International Governmental Action
8 K' H* p5 L x1 j 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
* {- }% U' }. ] U' J 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ g' I0 ]+ u1 ?4 t( A+ D: o: M 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" @: e7 [* S$ Z2 H
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: y0 Z3 s% S/ o& b/ n. x0 M 155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 u& Z. g: P% ?; S. d8 z/ x/ e
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" ]# }8 R& j& |$ { 157. Expulsion from international organizations# J0 |8 f6 j6 |( z1 ^4 R) q
1 v% N9 c- V* ?4 X2 @ D- a& w
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$ h7 J3 f! _. b8 hTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
1 }$ J2 l5 t8 U0 ~& Z6 l 158. Self-exposure to the elements: n6 `& f; q, N
159. The fast1 d8 ]5 p9 M V$ t" Q
a) Fast of moral pressure
' l4 V5 D2 }! s, n. S; K! b b) Hunger strike& x2 o2 ~& [7 f; T. }* j$ S2 M
c) Satyagrahic fast+ J& X' J: Z" J2 F
160. Reverse trial
( S3 C0 C) g) c 161. Nonviolent harassment: g) f; b3 K# r1 \
. }0 D: U) ]4 J- r( D1 YPhysical Intervention
: z! o0 B4 @- @4 Q/ a# t) d 162. Sit-in9 b o" ^- Y9 ~* Y
163. Stand-in
6 w P, U& Q1 l/ }, V3 v 164. Ride-in
) @7 R* x4 H* G) `( Q4 k& e 165. Wade-in$ I# v; C# J$ R/ m t
166. Mill-in L' Y' f {# Q) N- d' g
167. Pray-in
b6 v% k+ U- T+ F 168. Nonviolent raids
7 b- n* u6 G: i) n% ` 169. Nonviolent air raids
( ]( G- G+ `6 ?3 P- r4 r- r$ F* W 170. Nonviolent invasion
: u) d) G) n* a ^: B8 I3 k 171. Nonviolent interjection
5 j2 Z& P) e) i( Y5 r( ?2 T 172. Nonviolent obstruction9 U- ]3 A [; L5 N
173. Nonviolent occupation" Z6 u# H+ B( b# \# N
4 v" V1 D9 V* K! g& |# A* mSocial Intervention7 l: e: H2 `* F1 T
174. Establishing new social patterns
0 e8 P' N4 k0 o( o9 Q 175. Overloading of facilities
" m, c2 v8 c) W& c8 j 176. Stall-in% u2 m: i6 n+ C
177. Speak-in
' i5 I, g$ B! U% Y 178. Guerrilla theater
' Z& M: e+ C, ^( O1 U0 G$ F/ N3 T) p 179. Alternative social institutions
' z% Q" _" R4 c) L 180. Alternative communication system& f( q f1 b" C
5 l" A0 u3 _" D$ H5 V9 S1 BEconomic Intervention
. f% y" f/ E& o' G' ^4 h8 A 181. Reverse strike
+ C2 l$ T5 |: y) x- M2 |% ? 182. Stay-in strike, t- s, q1 D' p6 v* x, W
183. Nonviolent land seizure
/ R7 Q6 T8 A% k1 I+ l$ H 184. Defiance of blockades* @& s+ a# a2 }# X4 A$ W$ |( J* |9 D" B
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
0 G- O: T% C4 V+ Y* E$ }9 V6 t: o 186. Preclusive purchasing
* e, T+ c) V( T8 ^( c 187. Seizure of assets
; r/ h& ^1 ^3 f8 }( C 188. Dumping- _( f) g B2 P) T( m
189. Selective patronage' T$ y6 Y( E/ D) j, c( A
190. Alternative markets4 z5 W: L0 `2 }) Y" b
191. Alternative transportation systems) m: e0 U0 ]# m: ?/ ~
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention2 b# }$ w' n' M( i' d
193. Overloading of administrative systems
" H) D' c8 X$ D 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
( T5 F6 s2 d( Y7 i+ `' _- I 195. Seeking imprisonment
" g; z, e/ l1 i Y5 M 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# ` S9 O: O; G9 K1 @ 197. Work-on without collaboration! u5 n/ l8 ^. }1 G1 }) O
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* }4 j4 x& z' @; n5 @; l0 W
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
