 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ G9 J' J4 Z! ~) `& f; u
Formal Statements
( e: x! E- P; h; { 1. Public Speeches
2 c. w- t( ^7 f: A. Q; [ 2. Letters of opposition or support) ?7 b) t8 s5 R+ W* `$ _
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! A- g$ H6 U9 Z& k% _) K; D) ^; }
4. Signed public statements" d a- M& s- `4 M
5. Declarations of indictment and intention" ~9 K: D4 R6 }2 V$ f
6. Group or mass petitions
, S3 o- n4 Y# P+ q
; L1 M" e; K) H2 n2 \/ ZCommunications with a Wider Audience; S1 M6 Q5 ^, H
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" T; w' U' z. T2 t5 y0 e
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications/ \( w5 Y2 R B
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* D. C! V! ]1 [& ^& p6 ?2 w
10. Newspapers and journals
8 }5 l% s6 ]* p7 U0 c 11. Records, radio, and television
* `( x3 ^& O: s5 j9 G7 c 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 r$ c- X- `3 U; E+ Z3 f {$ L5 X
Group Representations7 y8 A/ b% Y v8 o3 Q1 ?
13. Deputations
4 p* e# T4 @( t2 D: r 14. Mock awards. |4 v% M$ }& v
15. Group lobbying- W& w6 z) K: Y6 y% |6 T% y
16. Picketing* p& y: [* V$ F, w" K
17. Mock elections
& }& f V% V: n8 a% }, _( y
: V Q$ y" e- G1 H" `; eSymbolic Public Acts
" R* L# o$ k* D) L# e# | 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% c0 w: Z1 Z. ?) t# t. J9 A 19. Wearing of symbols
& k9 J1 |4 q6 h 20. Prayer and worship7 V1 B/ c4 R: o# ?1 Z
21. Delivering symbolic objects
0 b7 u( a5 z5 ?! c# V& ]- s- x 22. Protest disrobings" p4 U% o, X8 e/ z
23. Destruction of own property1 R2 P7 V- [9 R) e/ j
24. Symbolic lights0 i# w: u' e8 @# X$ K/ R
25. Displays of portraits5 U5 h1 H* g$ L3 {
26. Paint as protest
8 _# n& b6 l& f, o' e( u 27. New signs and names
- s. Y3 `% \" F' h: P' L 28. Symbolic sounds
L1 [2 [# z f: m' ~8 F; [9 n5 K$ K* D 29. Symbolic reclamations
9 z9 y' a& n6 B3 D* ?# }" I 30. Rude gestures
5 U) }; I f- n% \8 p; v6 v- H _3 O8 Q: L( ~7 B
Pressures on Individuals3 {5 E8 v* b" @" x
31. “Haunting” officials
4 ] s! P/ |- Q5 y p 32. Taunting officials
, P; I; U0 @5 R1 G3 ` 33. Fraternization3 {6 i5 U2 Z* G7 J- Q" H
34. Vigils
& p8 Y! T( ~: O# U9 ?2 w0 H2 ?. |( a" s# T: d
Drama and Music( w. L: a g7 l% c" T$ B
35. Humorous skits and pranks- Y! ~9 i" A2 |$ T x+ I1 t
36. Performances of plays and music
# d4 i% b. U1 |9 E6 ] 37. Singing
' ~$ f+ d* A/ @/ x* V
, N3 I. x) |# f! n# \$ v4 B/ ]; NProcessions3 L' M d- G) k' m7 B
38. Marches4 X9 i7 I9 e7 U5 k( W
39. Parades
- @: e, Q& ?7 @. D0 o 40. Religious processions3 E1 R% n, Y# @- F# D: k
41. Pilgrimages9 j! }5 U5 I8 A% j, F2 g4 A, `
42. Motorcades6 b$ G0 E2 Z; q) [. D: |
% F1 ]; G# B$ ?
Honoring the Dead" l1 e& h% W7 B
43. Political mourning8 ?1 c, f( P/ }" Q) `9 T) P) F0 t& L
44. Mock funerals
& V" I3 u8 f6 B" E. q9 c 45. Demonstrative funerals4 p& F2 _! a5 y) D) f. } H
46. Homage at burial places
: e! Y/ d, y1 W- [+ a7 W" G. F2 h5 z6 S1 _8 s! P& _+ S0 a0 k
Public Assemblies: C2 [- `8 L, x& |# \
47. Assemblies of protest or support b0 s0 Y' c% K* J
48. Protest meetings" ^( z' b6 k9 i8 |% X! L% D
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest: g/ P2 q5 C7 D- F4 v
50. Teach-ins+ {6 q2 W2 m% B, z+ {" v* o
) N- v" P$ H8 Q' N2 @/ D0 c$ d$ j6 N4 ?Withdrawal and Renunciation O7 B6 w; N) r. W4 Q& O
51. Walk-outs
. o' I' Q, E/ k 52. Silence; Q9 @) g' N- Q3 W
53. Renouncing honors
8 C8 M; m$ o% V6 B 54. Turning one’s back) L" o0 s" s3 d1 G
5 p+ k: ]% Q' ~( N$ Q. _( C
8 o. D' H' F) d
/ S& f4 {" f5 C9 M4 r1 _/ QTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION- h v- k. e1 U& N
9 I5 G$ R( r8 Y! u/ c+ i, [
0 `5 W- o1 [. O6 Z% x8 v. k
: z+ S) G# {5 a( {Ostracism of Persons
5 X2 q' e# h5 ^ N0 I' Y 55. Social boycott
" `" o+ J5 v1 U 56. Selective social boycott% k. U! P5 o6 t" s
57. Lysistratic nonaction
5 l. Y1 o3 P3 c2 d3 I 58. Excommunication
+ N) j) x* Z8 d8 u# i 59. Interdict
) {0 Z J! i- O( C& j$ a; }4 ~& \- \7 S5 s$ ]% |; k( o
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
$ A' v% [$ O% N( p- y 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! [" P0 u6 V- |0 f! y6 o 61. Boycott of social affairs/ [( u' E/ D1 d. [0 A; u
62. Student strike
' y& _ n: ]! \- K4 v v- y5 R3 B* i9 B 63. Social disobedience/ X1 b9 y# C% e0 D5 [
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) G% T9 N5 |2 _: |
4 v6 J% X! d, @" g
Withdrawal from the Social System- g2 W8 s: `6 _3 c' B3 @ i3 ~* c
65. Stay-at-home
$ `& S9 u. }! Q2 ^ 66. Total personal noncooperation
- [. Q1 o4 c* M M 67. “Flight” of workers
" r8 @+ {# b3 x( Q- v( p" c+ a8 P 68. Sanctuary$ y$ [6 T6 ]3 i3 h' d; B, V( T# r2 j
69. Collective disappearance
2 k# k9 A- A2 Y2 o# s 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 B% G0 O9 }9 E2 }+ m8 X
) h! `9 P! \! z* Y
# m- G8 j' }- U# a: H1 ?2 B
7 z* c: g3 q; e; N( l4 ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS% | N2 p* m3 v2 C5 r6 w
% k8 O3 `! ^( R+ A! R
. n3 D2 x/ e# DActions by Consumers
$ ]) a0 _& E& B 71. Consumers’ boycott
- _8 m. l) L$ I# d2 k 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- |) f- n, ~" R
73. Policy of austerity
* f+ u# ?$ j, j 74. Rent withholding
0 @& T8 C- s, V3 e1 \; B. [3 n 75. Refusal to rent
1 M2 B( _# T7 d! P 76. National consumers’ boycott3 l" M3 j! [& ]+ Z
77. International consumers’ boycott
/ B# C2 e: C) }/ o6 O
, W* V: L) }: }Action by Workers and Producers
) B* u9 n5 m. U; |8 A! d$ N 78. Workmen’s boycott
% z3 J3 G% d: y! _1 ]: j' r# i, w 79. Producers’ boycott
# ?0 b$ ^( w8 R h, y% j% V
, M$ p. n0 Z9 m% q- kAction by Middlemen
1 W B+ ~4 w& h: U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* b8 s, v: k- w, a6 q/ Z) o2 L
, j8 K7 D0 Q8 y; ]$ dAction by Owners and Management
8 U6 Q& N4 f+ I& x% H x& S" m 81. Traders’ boycott
' n6 @7 F) [/ P2 H7 W. n0 C* p 82. Refusal to let or sell property
# g% h. X( A k- \, ~ 83. Lockout, c( e/ z: [) i7 `/ g4 i& k
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
- z4 x; { q& J2 _& S7 a/ O 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
% Y4 F+ x D- b/ r; m) u
0 m6 @6 o: J0 j* X. oAction by Holders of Financial Resources+ B) B) o( g0 G2 V+ j; f9 g
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
- C; \ Z4 o% k1 H 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* d6 h% ^1 l1 D0 Z9 X! Z; N
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% H+ I8 T# I4 ]8 q- `* W( y' b 89. Severance of funds and credit
$ f" S7 _% D3 `: L3 C: K/ ~1 [ 90. Revenue refusal2 k" }6 S" L: b& f# X/ K R& s2 u
91. Refusal of a government’s money" j; c1 a6 \7 x1 v% y6 F
( c6 B X* X7 z5 V! Q5 @Action by Governments
3 g8 i& R" w! v; i# b9 N 92. Domestic embargo7 ?! T" w9 \/ U( o& X. C
93. Blacklisting of traders3 b# T4 E3 t! j" L' p+ e% w
94. International sellers’ embargo& g- K4 w% E+ ?. t2 B4 ~
95. International buyers’ embargo
( I1 `! ^) r7 ^+ e5 Z0 Z: A 96. International trade embargo% Z. M! K1 Q8 w7 q( R5 i
3 W) ^ W, d4 v; C- h; R
1 {; V' w; C0 N. R2 x3 O
5 h$ }$ G: ?- W1 U; \
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
2 g+ o9 Q; W4 ?9 ]9 Q2 V& [& i5 z
. J+ e( L3 X3 mSymbolic Strikes
9 O6 t2 L* v$ | G% s2 Q 97. Protest strike
0 o2 |4 n( G; B. A2 P* h( i( E0 }! s3 m 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, |7 E E" T" E# x" v5 M: l( \1 N1 S1 @5 H( G+ s
Agricultural Strikes
$ E$ K. e- K4 t+ H! \' [/ I: p 99. Peasant strike
+ ^- |# i) B% G( Q4 [$ ]/ l3 l 100. Farm Workers’ strike2 a9 z0 [3 G+ s& X! k6 r3 `
7 K' i: g' i- v. F; B; o
Strikes by Special Groups
2 ^' k/ X6 T0 m- O$ d1 c" N 101. Refusal of impressed labor0 Y6 _8 B: T5 d( e+ i) X0 l5 P$ o
102. Prisoners’ strike
' f7 n' w; b; B# _; r7 z9 h* e 103. Craft strike: K. ]: D% d3 M- Y C
104. Professional strike9 z, u1 F# n! V1 a% H
% C3 r+ ^, K3 }& w2 I: D AOrdinary Industrial Strikes
6 o; F! P: e4 o6 S9 E9 a 105. Establishment strike U! I& j. E5 J; S5 U
106. Industry strike5 D7 R% u7 f( S, m
107. Sympathetic strike
7 v2 K9 Q4 _5 [2 h7 k) Y: ^1 Y1 g/ Z* }$ j8 t
Restricted Strikes
2 ^9 k& A5 b2 l 108. Detailed strike. d8 w1 _- m6 l
109. Bumper strike
+ |. {* l0 _7 P& ?0 T* E 110. Slowdown strike
. k8 P# ~$ w. R( v 111. Working-to-rule strike* x1 q5 A& J% ~, R7 T
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 {- j% p# v7 x% Q' Y: @% Q
113. Strike by resignation
/ U2 K9 G- c. u2 K6 o- M 114. Limited strike, Y1 y4 o8 }* I
115. Selective strike
% R- I/ ^9 \3 } m
2 E* l3 y# f& j uMulti-Industry Strikes6 C7 {& J( g4 p
% z2 g) T( p4 r5 x8 n
116. Generalized strike6 ~0 Z0 @5 ]# m5 Q5 U
+ j! v# X& w3 Y; ?/ T 117. General strike
* L1 A, I' h. |' N# x2 h
* U [# i& P U6 _0 S0 u% K+ BCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! k8 T# a" ?1 d& J
' n f; ^* `7 w6 `+ b- l5 u# \/ l1 A 118. Hartal1 C1 F2 [' \% ` Z5 ?5 c7 {9 D8 |& b
B* I. j5 j% q Q& G 119. Economic shutdown5 \8 q0 G5 r) K4 r8 m) M. s
7 a9 [9 z4 V/ {* q0 A9 {6 d6 E B B
1 r- f1 S9 |! [* p' x! z* @" l" J- k
; x8 M6 j9 g0 {/ j qTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 H* _2 z8 w% T8 Y. r3 l! N
7 [% `" R c, n9 L
B" I Z1 f" U8 fRejection of Authority
3 `3 V' t! C3 z; B+ O* E: ` 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance2 w X/ y, a* w. ]2 q
121. Refusal of public support* {/ C5 s- G" ?. K
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
h5 R% n+ j2 Z8 \8 B, ?8 t$ w2 h3 Q8 Z! j% D) f" d; ]0 @5 C# @% u
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 _9 R+ Q8 r! W8 y4 S
123. Boycott of legislative bodies5 g8 u1 ^6 G* b0 Y) r& z
124. Boycott of elections: Y6 U: v4 ]2 A0 H4 p- h
125. Boycott of government employment and positions- }$ R, ~4 ?0 C' w- D
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies$ U D/ L* J3 k2 t$ [$ `7 [: G
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ u0 d6 Q; y( u" A k 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 w- t* `$ b4 G1 |4 C2 L& ^+ ^ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 U2 l- K6 r. Z 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- f9 V" s% @! b, X8 J) M7 K 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
9 `; Y0 n. O0 w8 d0 N 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% |6 ^* Z0 |! `1 k: ]1 o4 j, \
" H0 M5 }% a4 ]1 I0 T
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
* _+ Z$ I' Y2 Z% T7 a0 z- w/ _; ^ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
$ _$ N+ Q/ \9 X2 R& J3 W3 c4 k 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. m$ N- h0 q* z% v% i/ i# y; F- ^ 135. Popular nonobedience7 C) x+ s& Q6 Q% C8 R+ F
136. Disguised disobedience
i7 r! d8 a7 X- Q 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
0 Y( T( t& M3 u 138. Sitdown1 I* q3 @( o. f
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, J7 g2 F& J @' x 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 E( p7 H' k' `5 p1 i6 j 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws' r% Z1 Z# g8 t; W7 s/ }# x
- G' B- j6 U& c* L9 O
Action by Government Personnel' Z: t& e+ l4 n" O5 l8 ?% o, \- `
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' ^+ C+ J- l3 {/ ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information% v5 a' S+ r. S' X! H1 n
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 l! P9 {+ g& G1 k& o 145. General administrative noncooperation
" i8 E* C! i g- J/ B. ~2 R4 \1 ]' X% j
7 W: |, Y5 f9 M* R 146. Judicial noncooperation
, S% b6 z/ f1 @- u% X8 W ? 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents+ u# V8 Q( O9 x% j& Q% q
148. Mutiny
) b. Q/ c* i- G* Y! uDomestic Governmental Action
9 G! |+ A: U5 u9 F9 H 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 t, G' O- L2 F0 j$ |4 w 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 o/ R& F$ U5 {& g4 F- S9 c$ \5 F" T+ _6 Y+ N, s) @+ Y
International Governmental Action
4 N0 w" S- a( I+ P, Z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
5 `1 k+ t& I" K8 ~: D6 V; C 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; k! X* z+ p. B' {' s2 z7 d6 b
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
* X0 ~1 t' _6 ? 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 T0 G6 W' A+ o 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 z0 k3 `: n L2 Y- v 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
I9 q g) Q8 Z 157. Expulsion from international organizations% a, ]4 Y8 y I3 q
0 q8 F" x- D& U, x/ O2 ]9 A& p7 O
( U9 u0 [ }9 L3 O) o
. @4 \2 Q: v- ?0 v6 e# }, TTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
$ u. M; a5 D& X
9 U4 z* t, W }, [0 U; q+ H ' q: R, u# h3 J7 E! I+ E
Psychological Intervention
: q; u' o# l, @, p' d 158. Self-exposure to the elements
7 f: x& \$ M2 }: H1 R k' X0 x; c 159. The fast
* f; p) n Z$ ` a) Fast of moral pressure
& v& m( O* n; |. d8 F1 { b) Hunger strike y& ~0 x& R- Y2 c1 I5 y+ ?
c) Satyagrahic fast# P1 g! L. P& s" O: B9 v
160. Reverse trial/ G4 ^+ A: ?3 T
161. Nonviolent harassment. M/ q/ E4 N6 ^7 \' Z! R, {
+ y9 r9 Q3 N+ F: t
Physical Intervention
" k& q) l0 ?) u* i 162. Sit-in
& i6 N) L S, V6 p% e6 A& c/ |% I9 f 163. Stand-in3 ?$ {3 U3 n' S- ]* {
164. Ride-in9 U. H7 K+ M0 x# ^+ m
165. Wade-in
( y# N& @; O+ p7 e" P 166. Mill-in
, E0 J$ S. v/ W# ^6 ]+ a2 g" N 167. Pray-in' m z. E, \5 ?& y( x
168. Nonviolent raids0 m8 b5 t; F6 T3 c0 Q
169. Nonviolent air raids
/ o$ X! o$ L8 } t& Z% b$ S 170. Nonviolent invasion3 Z- s) R6 r: o0 B
171. Nonviolent interjection1 S4 x( }2 p+ S9 C' N0 W
172. Nonviolent obstruction. h; S) ~( b) N! L5 m# }
173. Nonviolent occupation5 n" Y, j G0 B; s% O- v+ J3 T- w
1 S7 y9 T/ g' c* v! y
Social Intervention2 T' m3 Z0 z: w8 P, a
174. Establishing new social patterns5 }" \' N" K% c, \3 I% a
175. Overloading of facilities
' E* Z* W6 K4 W 176. Stall-in
4 ?0 Z! D* `- C9 E# `9 z 177. Speak-in9 M( n" q- y9 _ t: y
178. Guerrilla theater
4 b4 x( f+ V' b; V: E8 z: M( x/ B$ l 179. Alternative social institutions
0 L, r5 i5 G- s/ D 180. Alternative communication system$ F2 y4 B# l( R, ?& s9 V4 ?
' G) d% p2 s5 Y. c- ?
Economic Intervention" B: F, {7 z/ i0 ?
181. Reverse strike
3 x, q0 W8 M, j; t: J 182. Stay-in strike1 k- [3 X( v5 P4 I) p v& q
183. Nonviolent land seizure2 ?! F( z; K7 X5 x
184. Defiance of blockades1 ^% a) m3 H; T
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 J; B3 q7 B6 g4 M 186. Preclusive purchasing
/ z) I; \% e9 Z6 n7 o8 D" [ 187. Seizure of assets) I b! b6 A' {; }
188. Dumping7 F, J3 u% _0 [+ f
189. Selective patronage
# a8 q$ e1 ]# n; _/ { 190. Alternative markets
! E4 d" y1 S: v# m0 Z 191. Alternative transportation systems
6 A7 [ e5 {3 E& x6 k 192. Alternative economic institutions* K. F9 J8 j$ \! }; v0 F& W
K4 @/ `5 N0 @3 V% |" m
Political Intervention
) Q! y. z0 i/ w& h6 F- V 193. Overloading of administrative systems. e2 \ g% H0 J6 s0 ]
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
6 J! B: ~4 e0 A9 }2 E. j* l 195. Seeking imprisonment
2 }$ e1 _0 u; L; P; h0 W$ j. R# N* R 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws0 w u6 L6 \' ~7 y, R2 ?
197. Work-on without collaboration
, @2 e6 |: U8 e$ { i) O% x 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government" ?0 L* o+ k7 L; e
$ k! m3 H& g# e( D) q- | |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
