 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& |; J5 { L' X. [, C1 ^+ c
Formal Statements
4 r' \ `7 n" A5 J2 x 1. Public Speeches
2 R9 N3 [$ S# z& h 2. Letters of opposition or support
% A+ u( j3 N, u' w4 [* f1 P) E; g 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) m5 H0 _9 O" L/ s
4. Signed public statements
* z3 I+ b% w9 c' ^ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
# }* o/ a% L0 S" i 6. Group or mass petitions" a: R2 W& w* V# J
6 t- A# F$ O, E" Y9 ^9 J6 _ ~Communications with a Wider Audience
. A/ m, F* U3 e4 B 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols3 Y6 z; R1 z& \2 j7 P9 H
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
; \' w# ~" g1 |9 P" R+ f 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! D2 R2 X! P* O7 j! l% k% C+ A
10. Newspapers and journals1 _+ L/ f$ O7 D! h y
11. Records, radio, and television6 \ B. z" x* T4 x5 N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting% U: b+ E4 g6 x/ r; L: b
( Z1 I8 |2 j4 z3 j, \Group Representations
1 O9 D' Z7 o% z- `$ @0 b8 A 13. Deputations
8 ?5 {% `" C' k' n7 @* s 14. Mock awards( G5 ?; F% u* t5 c* h
15. Group lobbying
. }: Z/ G( S2 T 16. Picketing6 T' `) q3 T5 [3 A- ^9 v" N) |
17. Mock elections, f: H, h$ H6 i$ T& U4 d9 R" P
$ l/ `: M, j5 E4 c; n+ M8 x OSymbolic Public Acts
q; q% K7 p$ N- ~3 W9 N F" ? 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 _; g Q; a7 w7 m3 N 19. Wearing of symbols- M: H. {% m7 Y, E
20. Prayer and worship. z& y) i* [/ F$ L" I+ z
21. Delivering symbolic objects( o, a6 u$ o% _! C5 \$ D
22. Protest disrobings
( W* T- `7 @% R+ P8 j2 b. n* B6 @ 23. Destruction of own property+ P. F$ K; o$ o. c1 ~
24. Symbolic lights! X1 Z5 g/ p" s8 _: G) d' c7 A
25. Displays of portraits; k1 m* V; n3 ^
26. Paint as protest
" H) d/ F o5 W6 G8 P 27. New signs and names
9 T! c" I) }/ t7 v; a 28. Symbolic sounds i4 ^6 B' u* Z% l/ t5 k
29. Symbolic reclamations& h; P% F# \9 R* @
30. Rude gestures
- G$ k- K. Y7 g5 z4 h+ J# h
6 f. t7 O, P4 B7 T# XPressures on Individuals7 c; ]) j$ ~2 }* V
31. “Haunting” officials
$ o: Y: A% }) G5 a4 S" C. ~6 J' b 32. Taunting officials, N/ Y/ ~( N0 O/ }
33. Fraternization
$ c8 J6 d F X; n; e 34. Vigils
8 o( T- w4 C9 ^( g4 A5 B
- j) G6 w$ R! `/ WDrama and Music, T, Y6 `7 m/ ?' \* ?- Y' B
35. Humorous skits and pranks E* G/ ` n8 S4 s
36. Performances of plays and music0 y5 I- z1 i7 `0 q, D$ k
37. Singing2 s6 r2 ^+ k0 A5 O1 \) E0 U: {
9 Z1 h- x' K; D2 q' z$ X7 T$ C: _5 Q
Processions4 P5 O! k: B U, R+ f
38. Marches
+ R6 B$ E: M$ S% i) F9 ~7 _ 39. Parades2 g* P$ z- J3 Y/ o
40. Religious processions
) F5 p* ]$ s0 g( a 41. Pilgrimages
0 Z! `( P5 d9 G 42. Motorcades0 k$ U* u3 E% c& z
* Z' S3 Z g2 d7 J/ I
Honoring the Dead
+ B4 z3 F7 w5 { 43. Political mourning6 M9 _/ v4 j& l2 W3 b
44. Mock funerals
+ |$ b q& ]5 T6 T 45. Demonstrative funerals4 A. L- I2 r, e' w- K; z+ T
46. Homage at burial places
( U2 S3 r6 c9 f$ y- [* k) o/ Z5 \4 b r# r/ Q5 m
Public Assemblies
% L6 s" Z7 M3 _, c' A6 G6 l 47. Assemblies of protest or support. z- a5 r" u( x' ]6 L/ u& h8 x
48. Protest meetings; s/ n' ^" F+ ], y4 J
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest3 V# \# a8 D0 g Y% l
50. Teach-ins
& e- [& {* v% A% u/ I; _2 K/ x8 p: t) w6 [" g" |' U5 W; S& e# D
Withdrawal and Renunciation
% N% ^. w2 @, h 51. Walk-outs
' o5 H6 Y" p; ~* R 52. Silence
5 R4 P# r# R" e. a 53. Renouncing honors
" [/ ` Z) k c: r. y 54. Turning one’s back
6 [& U5 U5 Q6 D# A! u' |& ]1 Q W
4 P/ i& j2 w5 e* Q7 s0 H2 ~, l/ x/ S [: P
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
" m) I; M/ v9 i* X# P: q7 K3 f, H# X- A7 Z* ]9 {% b
9 p, L8 v) f$ B7 t+ M- C: m+ F
3 o$ Q: P- L! B n eOstracism of Persons: c8 X6 h: K* T
55. Social boycott, D' y! Q+ E/ |. ^, r' G* J
56. Selective social boycott* P$ Z9 e* F# V. h% R1 M. ?7 |
57. Lysistratic nonaction
2 @% Y' X1 L" t0 t8 M" J 58. Excommunication4 H" Z4 d3 h. I# k1 z' S
59. Interdict
# J7 {8 L$ T) Q$ Q% {* V _" x" a2 i) V% X% q6 |
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! o, r* `" W- k" E+ f, J% W 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
6 v( m: d1 Z' \ 61. Boycott of social affairs
0 y4 I% g! `$ H; C9 A 62. Student strike
) Q* c3 d; _9 j% _) D! d 63. Social disobedience8 p2 p X5 D- o; u8 x' E
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
( A( h' B9 I8 `6 F4 }$ W8 Y: k& S9 S4 |, X. b; K4 l
Withdrawal from the Social System: _/ j) Y9 x0 h1 [: R: Q
65. Stay-at-home
' v) s3 Z; z& `1 I( b 66. Total personal noncooperation
5 g2 v9 ?) O# t& s/ t- b( O8 | 67. “Flight” of workers+ i% r; C, @/ |$ {; y3 @1 W2 n
68. Sanctuary( j' N1 S3 t* O+ I
69. Collective disappearance1 I) O9 |- y5 R: g5 q* B( q7 t
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS" N1 m/ M' m6 z! o7 d6 q; e+ k
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Actions by Consumers
3 J4 Q2 G/ L2 i6 u# t 71. Consumers’ boycott, V) B8 v) A- g' E5 V+ F8 ]
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods- I" w- s' S: D+ k h8 Y2 m: P0 h
73. Policy of austerity
' e& K% b! G2 R 74. Rent withholding- R- C' y9 A+ x6 M/ E
75. Refusal to rent" ?0 L2 t, @4 N$ g' x" v8 Z2 k }8 W
76. National consumers’ boycott8 S: _" y7 A& I
77. International consumers’ boycott# N7 z! ` C+ Z
5 O3 E0 b! K; U B6 j, M( mAction by Workers and Producers
7 g, S A9 _4 U8 _) t! P 78. Workmen’s boycott
0 c6 H& x3 j9 }& j Q' a 79. Producers’ boycott: Z, x ?/ o# \, s4 ^; \: L
. N5 n& l' e4 N3 I) V3 r6 ~' w! FAction by Middlemen
; _; }( a2 y- o' p: G# q% O( S2 B 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* ^+ U* R0 L: J7 A
! C# F( s0 L: C% O2 g! C0 D( G; K& eAction by Owners and Management
: H- H% d( e0 }9 R* D9 M 81. Traders’ boycott/ d: L2 j) w/ d; B: J" N# \; q5 @
82. Refusal to let or sell property
) B8 F6 c# G P, F1 \! x 83. Lockout
3 O2 }0 G1 o6 [: V2 r* p8 l 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, N1 c, L! W7 P1 l" d* \/ y/ K! O1 L 85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 I2 w& T" W! {2 \
3 q! P7 i0 k, O9 A2 p2 c: x# sAction by Holders of Financial Resources
7 Q* D6 R1 n. a0 ~4 ~' E5 o 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits) Q1 d; g8 [6 f8 q- V4 H; {
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments( E6 `( Z& f- b3 U
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ i9 R) o1 J& G, z( q* f) R7 A f 89. Severance of funds and credit
+ s+ D/ ?1 B, o- V' o6 u 90. Revenue refusal: ~8 ^4 ^- v1 e( {# M
91. Refusal of a government’s money" i* }6 a2 x) Q. k! u3 E7 c/ @
5 k. t+ f5 ?- {) oAction by Governments& e+ q4 h( ]- G( I' f- r
92. Domestic embargo/ Z5 T6 ?7 ~( l2 \( N" I0 |
93. Blacklisting of traders
/ ^9 `" i j2 c! L 94. International sellers’ embargo9 U0 r# `$ t6 `/ ^
95. International buyers’ embargo) W2 H: p8 h9 ?) E4 i
96. International trade embargo A0 O; m# Y$ M! \- q# a
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6 a7 e3 q" i- Z( W# r; zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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- _& M0 x; k+ x. T
Symbolic Strikes
( K# t) H/ P9 d! p% Z. W 97. Protest strike' D. D/ ]) g W2 H4 n# P# r
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
v7 y8 a/ {% |% [; U' d& l/ z3 h4 h
Agricultural Strikes; p' F5 Y. @& S* I4 C& s
99. Peasant strike
3 A- O0 X# P) ?$ _: P 100. Farm Workers’ strike5 f5 g" _: f0 h0 G
2 _ N+ L6 s) T7 G' T
Strikes by Special Groups
! w0 t7 N: w+ P- k) ?+ s 101. Refusal of impressed labor; Q: c# t! Q- U4 _2 Q3 L. u# t: X
102. Prisoners’ strike' _3 @# I0 x0 H0 b
103. Craft strike
' S6 |5 k+ W1 ~5 ]- ^* E 104. Professional strike- ^2 D. n; \; a) ^/ {
; n* `# [' m$ ]/ SOrdinary Industrial Strikes
5 x6 X$ ] k0 L* _* U 105. Establishment strike. |/ O9 w6 N6 f6 ~1 E* [
106. Industry strike
0 f1 D, Z3 |) w& ]! z 107. Sympathetic strike! s% _5 E; Z- r7 N" J V
1 ]- m, n" ^" Z* s9 eRestricted Strikes; c6 J7 v! @5 F; H" b
108. Detailed strike
2 d& C3 d9 S2 J6 ^* Q& O# b 109. Bumper strike S" C! r# C! j6 [
110. Slowdown strike" K' I7 p4 @; B8 P
111. Working-to-rule strike4 z. H j8 q+ {+ W- D) s; |
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 E5 Q. u/ O" |1 n4 R \% U 113. Strike by resignation$ T& g D4 Q) t$ p: v0 [
114. Limited strike
/ D; P8 c6 p4 x: v) p$ q, Z& P" M 115. Selective strike- Y6 x! ^. N$ D6 O
! H+ J% O: s2 C _* u
Multi-Industry Strikes% u7 ` {2 ^: W. ~2 @) u
& A6 V0 l# [1 H' n/ m" D 116. Generalized strike
( y' `5 U b' V; [; o
9 n# f& L$ l: A. a9 P+ h$ z 117. General strike5 z7 i M4 N- q% y& ~+ B
7 C$ A8 {- U* k( Q2 C, v0 t
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
4 @- z, U9 X( @# v6 `) K: d* x! ?. \/ x5 t
118. Hartal' T7 ?; |' g* S: `0 i% Y' {3 d
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119. Economic shutdown
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: N. w4 E, ?0 DTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; E$ b1 o( ~# R# F( u+ h( |: e
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4 P0 C r* ]) W: z/ u/ RRejection of Authority: l: h v$ y* Q @/ T9 ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, k+ Q& G- [0 T. I8 X
121. Refusal of public support+ r0 `7 O; Q8 Q3 i/ E2 S/ h! z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; j# z. [' X3 z- |; o* D# |+ u7 t) q) `
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government, l2 |1 `, f ]
123. Boycott of legislative bodies o/ E) a& T0 A
124. Boycott of elections7 b {% }8 `( ~" z, H
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# ` E1 F( s/ n; w; e 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
, _8 ?9 X4 W7 y: x. g5 }+ a* \ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* ^8 h. N& \7 ^8 X7 B 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations& t6 E; e W) k' O, z+ {
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents% M, e6 x$ X" a0 O% g o( q- w
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
+ l9 s6 w1 v/ G. S0 i 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ C4 W' `5 y' u8 I* U, ]% L( e2 f 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ J( r% G; D* F- O% _
8 @7 x- V0 C x S, W) B1 |4 OCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
+ ?3 X: X7 G% Y( F' c+ B 133. Reluctant and slow compliance! k! S1 o& e# {: T
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' |8 D. z6 e# _) @9 Z 135. Popular nonobedience
# H+ R: T' H' k `6 p 136. Disguised disobedience
0 Z: c( k1 v! P2 P0 h4 G/ l 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* B/ j8 t. S( t( U 138. Sitdown
6 K+ P' O- P2 E# m2 \( ]9 V; e 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation# A9 G2 x- x% X, N$ I) L I
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
+ q: L4 u) Z$ h Z7 S* J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws- T+ l+ R3 o( [
0 Z* | g& X& {" m7 r% z8 ]
Action by Government Personnel
( N0 R7 C" b, _- t 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ A7 |7 L+ D* n 143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 _% J, {5 @" t9 V# w: x q. Q% p, P. B
144. Stalling and obstruction
% D! o" \$ S k1 X0 @ 145. General administrative noncooperation
% @+ L9 e: e L. x. o* v) x' L0 r. n! R: ~, d3 Y, l
146. Judicial noncooperation
2 R; Y1 |$ X* p; u: K4 b 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents. i h6 e, I" Q3 i: l C
148. Mutiny7 @& V+ @6 Q3 o
Domestic Governmental Action2 r+ @1 L0 o! T* r
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays A9 N5 `6 M q8 a8 ]
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
# ?0 M; N' X( U8 }( A0 ^7 O) s0 U( y, m3 Q' q0 d" _9 \
International Governmental Action
( n% ~5 Z4 L, {8 | 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" j1 O, I: |! d0 N9 N' s" b# F6 v
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events7 c1 v. s6 ^; @9 [) q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ F M a; R, K( E$ f) e- ]
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& Y K3 o2 u9 v% T8 r 155. Withdrawal from international organizations- B5 x: M& B! A8 f! m. D$ Z& z% l
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies& E p6 W" j5 ]
157. Expulsion from international organizations/ p! W ~7 ]2 F5 R; b9 e
3 S' L8 D8 F D9 V$ Q0 T d
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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+ B0 V7 K/ E9 l r7 F( X+ t" CPsychological Intervention
8 m: m- h$ a" m; Z) I8 x 158. Self-exposure to the elements; W1 I3 e- S; W; ]! f. F
159. The fast" g7 h9 o8 y+ y! ~3 u, F
a) Fast of moral pressure& [4 k. Z( i; Q5 z
b) Hunger strike3 E+ B7 v: Q+ U6 i; |* j$ z* q
c) Satyagrahic fast3 Z a+ S6 X8 z3 P1 |, t
160. Reverse trial
* o* G) I% W+ I9 Z* S. X 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention: w$ J0 `, f7 H ?/ D# p* M
162. Sit-in# o+ k: N5 g( v3 D, v% p
163. Stand-in
* _7 e7 R2 s5 U" f 164. Ride-in
) r; e* s9 w( G0 U3 O1 F; Z' c0 i' Q 165. Wade-in, w; t; Z' F5 Q: z1 `) q! X
166. Mill-in6 \- G/ D* `7 e: A% c2 A
167. Pray-in& }" G3 `% r. e
168. Nonviolent raids
8 ~% ~! V) l' I- m& b. Z 169. Nonviolent air raids% k+ w* R/ S( ^& W* X, a, ?: u
170. Nonviolent invasion
9 `, t; A% V; |6 q1 I! f 171. Nonviolent interjection
! h% Q5 G. _: D3 a, D5 s9 c) X$ A$ W 172. Nonviolent obstruction8 ]/ p% X" Q3 U7 W: @3 p8 X8 Y
173. Nonviolent occupation
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6 O: _7 l) i% y9 ZSocial Intervention* \: F9 C3 T/ D0 j% m4 w8 h0 S
174. Establishing new social patterns% {3 ?2 E! ^* s L# S1 l* q" s
175. Overloading of facilities
( R' ?% G& Z: [9 R7 h; g9 C 176. Stall-in$ N3 K& \0 E! Z
177. Speak-in
5 l3 K: }& L$ C/ k+ e( t- a 178. Guerrilla theater2 a' g3 A& G" ^! o8 E' J$ S3 z9 i
179. Alternative social institutions9 {( n! ^) s7 r$ Y6 W) d
180. Alternative communication system/ j" K! U/ F' f$ Q( a/ E
3 |+ Z$ A E' ?2 h* k: P
Economic Intervention
3 L; D" c) |9 @- ?% `6 w$ b 181. Reverse strike
+ e2 s3 g0 a6 Z k: a* Z: d7 y/ K' a 182. Stay-in strike
: o; G$ l A8 Q. T8 Z 183. Nonviolent land seizure
& K) `. V4 [ Z9 l$ } 184. Defiance of blockades' y/ P4 @( l" O1 G) ^3 d
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 m. `$ p# @$ F, K; H 186. Preclusive purchasing
7 s7 l+ m L6 L1 f9 Y( z: n1 w 187. Seizure of assets
( o% w C: |1 w6 ` U+ n) g2 ` 188. Dumping; H i$ }$ x b) s) Q* c
189. Selective patronage2 k& o2 f* |' G) Q9 s3 ^* e
190. Alternative markets& _! Q d' P( p l% {
191. Alternative transportation systems! n" q+ ^5 S3 W$ x6 c+ k0 g
192. Alternative economic institutions
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Political Intervention; h5 A" E$ M9 Q7 q! |
193. Overloading of administrative systems) D7 U- q& F; V5 }$ f' W
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 r: `+ t4 P( c
195. Seeking imprisonment
b3 G6 J/ T3 \/ k: {( ^& Z. q( D 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 Z8 R/ c/ T. g0 @, y2 ~" [- p 197. Work-on without collaboration6 C! V, P; D9 p9 m6 K+ M5 \; T
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
