 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
5 \( e! c: h5 n9 |! w) U& W0 J0 LFormal Statements
! b1 n1 u: d8 K8 p: j& c2 C# b5 r0 l 1. Public Speeches
9 n& F* _. M; l ~/ ~) r 2. Letters of opposition or support/ f1 F6 D( g% t( W
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. m' o& |, h- W p& r# s% B1 W! g 4. Signed public statements
/ t, V" t- R- `& h$ _1 N5 T 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ R* j1 ]3 F2 g' C4 N 6. Group or mass petitions o' a) k( O0 L5 V$ {4 b
) U" _5 C/ {( k9 u# R1 M
Communications with a Wider Audience
2 o, T/ R3 I9 V& u, w y; t6 ] 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 ^3 q* w. {9 b$ r9 S0 T
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 u' W/ u4 [6 F, T8 @% c- l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; S9 u* N' b/ U8 }. k( Y 10. Newspapers and journals) j" V* Q0 W! B$ f& x7 c
11. Records, radio, and television) d% X- T. y; X* u4 K
12. Skywriting and earthwriting0 w8 w- R% q$ P. C7 j7 ]
9 a# A4 S8 x: kGroup Representations
! ~% X! d' [# H6 Z+ ^ 13. Deputations
/ L5 Q3 Z9 ^0 Y' K5 L- l 14. Mock awards, P b" C' w x1 _: X2 x
15. Group lobbying
1 o. a+ z$ X( K- f$ s; x0 m: Z8 u 16. Picketing; v- V) l8 V! H
17. Mock elections
, B4 S+ h8 l$ c3 G5 @+ [' u5 l* S0 M1 n" i* r: J, ~ t
Symbolic Public Acts7 E$ p+ n7 g; B* o
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
+ ]4 f Q- P: k$ H 19. Wearing of symbols
7 c1 m9 q& `8 n- V 20. Prayer and worship
1 f) L7 Y5 K: \/ \ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 J9 s! ?# N+ c" R 22. Protest disrobings* s* ~( w! `: f5 O2 M) R
23. Destruction of own property
9 o( h& }- g' B+ v. K& K 24. Symbolic lights8 C; r0 U: t* y' Q9 a
25. Displays of portraits# J X' u# F; N. X
26. Paint as protest
: ? h! e5 C; _0 h, y: G 27. New signs and names
8 w; p0 E. y' H8 t 28. Symbolic sounds
6 d1 I/ L+ m. Q1 ] 29. Symbolic reclamations O7 S: M+ z! b
30. Rude gestures4 h' ?5 G& g% j# t5 a6 z& g5 u* z; k
6 a7 d; G* j0 T' E# ]) N# k4 D
Pressures on Individuals
: x O# o$ B, F# B U" C! x* t 31. “Haunting” officials7 Q9 u5 w# o: c" q# w1 b, c
32. Taunting officials9 s: q) c" D6 |! J' {
33. Fraternization4 b2 l# d! e$ l
34. Vigils
, N4 R3 n# Y( a+ L5 U0 f# D- U8 }# i/ Z7 e9 e; E; t
Drama and Music: H" Y* }4 O' w, z
35. Humorous skits and pranks* B% J( E4 j' w2 i* i
36. Performances of plays and music
8 ~* s! F* W8 H4 L" O 37. Singing& w6 t) Z4 ?; d& E. `9 x8 H; G8 E
- z! V5 {2 m( Q" u8 IProcessions
* ^9 B* B: u% G$ W0 K 38. Marches Z/ |9 x3 n# I' Y% D7 V# m; |
39. Parades3 R. y+ M% g* K, T
40. Religious processions7 }# Z% s, ?) ^2 [. R
41. Pilgrimages
( p5 T% t4 A. a0 |* T! ~' e 42. Motorcades
8 l6 m) {' Y3 W5 E0 I% {4 }
- o( V# Z% @2 u9 ?# K& m. ?Honoring the Dead
+ s8 ~/ c9 B2 E I 43. Political mourning. m4 s4 _: z8 F. d/ r7 S; C: S
44. Mock funerals/ {+ X+ w8 `6 {8 i
45. Demonstrative funerals( u1 t1 F, a+ b
46. Homage at burial places- H6 N. k! ^1 A
) o& E& {( N0 NPublic Assemblies. t5 V! R, W5 B
47. Assemblies of protest or support5 H9 a, @+ Q- J. r( X; g
48. Protest meetings5 K6 a9 P; ]+ i: |" U8 m/ I
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest5 [# D1 j0 J' C; G- @8 [
50. Teach-ins$ A# \0 T7 k4 e/ U+ U: K
* Y9 E) H, J# _# L
Withdrawal and Renunciation
. v2 g0 y- B( ~+ Z 51. Walk-outs$ O$ L/ j: U, L4 I2 q1 v
52. Silence: |1 g' C$ i% |7 @
53. Renouncing honors
0 `$ `( }- d1 N! p; u 54. Turning one’s back
! ~5 o* e$ Y- J( t5 h W. a, R Z4 u! N) A ~9 T+ W0 }
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! Z: H) }; l* v7 r# h6 u8 B
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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& } ]2 D Q$ C) v7 ]! S2 r0 L" e, X3 _( X6 B& L
Ostracism of Persons# ~( e( M) m8 z2 _
55. Social boycott% {7 G, Q# h! G; _
56. Selective social boycott7 B$ B; G8 I' e" a% u$ b
57. Lysistratic nonaction! ?5 Y. g4 J/ L, {
58. Excommunication5 M( K0 e3 v; U
59. Interdict
: M* K( |. q% e! o; a; u+ v: R# T& U7 X+ M4 E2 B
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: p" b+ K" ^4 ^& h* Z4 Y
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
' a" P7 C \% ?1 i) F1 E 61. Boycott of social affairs! g+ V! g5 w" W. O
62. Student strike! U7 V3 v: w5 y; r* `
63. Social disobedience
* A$ }' u4 _* U: A5 V) s# y 64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 O0 |9 |3 p) F; f
: p* P0 q/ `0 h- W
Withdrawal from the Social System
, Y( f# ~! _3 S' B( S; K6 y4 ? 65. Stay-at-home
: [3 @" Z# s& N" ?4 W 66. Total personal noncooperation
5 F5 F/ d# r* B2 G7 [! o4 m 67. “Flight” of workers
|! J7 C- P, u0 ~ y7 R8 Q$ j9 ^ 68. Sanctuary, r: d; }9 G- U4 S) C% }
69. Collective disappearance
. D$ f9 G+ o5 V! l 70. Protest emigration (hijrat), p" F1 R1 e4 B* v7 o
8 p( T6 j8 F+ V! Q" z) N D/ D
, d4 ]9 s; V, Z' d. a# F
- n3 D) E: v/ E5 L" N0 JTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS% |, X! X% A: S& {5 e9 Z
+ U; R0 T5 X. D t! g; B5 l - ]4 r0 U2 \ k9 f
Actions by Consumers* Y+ d; _1 e! e9 L
71. Consumers’ boycott7 m/ }5 \. O& V) b! @6 S! g
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# C7 S7 D- x9 n- Q `* j
73. Policy of austerity
6 s2 q# J, _% p" y 74. Rent withholding) Q# X3 ^& ~" x( l
75. Refusal to rent! U9 z& x& R6 f3 |& I
76. National consumers’ boycott# w5 \8 h! g \
77. International consumers’ boycott
* p3 ?3 `% {! U" m) Z; K/ e, ]3 {6 M8 b0 U# \: q! g# E
Action by Workers and Producers
7 b8 k& z8 O0 ^+ T& t; ]2 U. {+ p) n 78. Workmen’s boycott: r q1 e& c. c6 i+ K) n9 B, ]$ ?
79. Producers’ boycott. F0 l' y: E" `6 U, B2 H
) e; U* J+ h2 N/ ZAction by Middlemen
) R7 O' l( R: |& A 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
* Z( f8 j5 J! B9 V. \' [/ j
( a2 p" k/ P, ~Action by Owners and Management T# a7 s( z: s; q! _; {: y0 U
81. Traders’ boycott
9 H6 \; N5 |2 R' @9 c0 p- B 82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 P j% W" ` |( M$ R& b 83. Lockout
8 D8 r+ M/ \3 e9 V2 R 84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 N- K2 {! t$ Z% D
85. Merchants’ “general strike”& ]) [5 c) c; j$ l: h, E* W0 f
, {- _" {+ Z% Y( y! n- wAction by Holders of Financial Resources) T: j J& {5 Q% P. J' J
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% q/ P: {7 C6 W0 Z/ L0 u% u5 c
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments% w0 v$ V4 | j9 `+ E/ i. N7 `
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 {& F% ]+ V9 I2 f1 o H0 t
89. Severance of funds and credit
0 U( T( k9 u6 \! U 90. Revenue refusal/ q( A# m2 w& `0 F8 z# Y6 n+ O/ ]
91. Refusal of a government’s money; }! x s+ w/ O- c; v% X
3 y3 G" O% Z) O) M |) I9 i$ O
Action by Governments
7 c% r1 W+ v: J) | 92. Domestic embargo
0 ?( j4 R- e7 a0 m 93. Blacklisting of traders
9 Q) V+ m. ^% ~ q2 J7 T" @ 94. International sellers’ embargo
2 Y2 v/ ?! \- h% H5 L( N 95. International buyers’ embargo
Y- ?" r5 N/ p7 t% b6 L 96. International trade embargo
4 |5 t* i6 C# q8 D
4 c& ], j+ `) N$ B k2 Q$ \! S
9 ]# G4 `3 c0 X1 m' k! H Z) ~. ~% j$ d+ S& Y0 g# G. ]
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
3 E4 B( u# Y; w0 x' @8 I2 B
- w' G) a1 U) u; T% Z- L- n* @
. o9 D9 [- T& d- K6 XSymbolic Strikes
! F/ b% K# q" N. V4 m* m+ k3 m `8 Y5 [' [ 97. Protest strike
+ r1 n( H8 r K B( G7 V 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)/ l) k; N3 T5 w. D H% }5 K
6 C: Z; h5 v& d! [& K; @Agricultural Strikes
$ a" p. S" J6 w' Z: S: K8 W. _ 99. Peasant strike5 O! e3 T8 A2 `- t( `
100. Farm Workers’ strike
' t% o; U& T3 t) q* h; h# s3 H! l" d; W9 G! X9 d* @4 d: F
Strikes by Special Groups: l( y+ H5 s5 f1 j0 f" O: ^
101. Refusal of impressed labor! o' L. G3 N* g& b& s" Y
102. Prisoners’ strike
6 T( a9 F9 J9 X" ~ B4 U' J' b; W 103. Craft strike$ a2 g3 B, O5 M$ k* y- T
104. Professional strike8 j7 C' L' A! F# r& e0 R
5 _0 K3 ^7 J. V$ {* O4 @Ordinary Industrial Strikes
2 |4 |: c- V1 D- k2 H 105. Establishment strike( K6 o& | r `+ l8 G% C$ _% v; o
106. Industry strike1 h8 W+ v% i3 r* U; w
107. Sympathetic strike d- t! O6 R7 N" ^0 V0 }: F6 P6 f
9 ]0 H# i, |& [9 p( r6 T1 d
Restricted Strikes
* r& h( l4 x) x. D3 J 108. Detailed strike
4 I& f" c ]( Q' i' c; F 109. Bumper strike
! _0 l x9 w# K# L2 R' c1 t 110. Slowdown strike4 t0 P ^+ z; L9 h/ z
111. Working-to-rule strike1 F% @ C1 H( ]$ P
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 `+ x# n0 o8 F
113. Strike by resignation8 l- \9 P: H8 L; G
114. Limited strike
. k6 t9 f( K) P 115. Selective strike
4 c$ p% e R, C+ L' s M& u* D8 S3 E+ E
Multi-Industry Strikes
0 K( R' M1 r+ n3 z1 r
$ m. ?$ I# s* U, F 116. Generalized strike
$ p3 L ]* L' d; l/ [% s S* M$ T3 _9 A" \% i8 h; ~
117. General strike0 p% [6 M q4 H: h2 J6 ]$ R
+ ^- D& V1 u) A# `* t
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 C- i% W3 z: T: M
5 i L# q; ^9 W; T% c 118. Hartal' G4 V& }; q; w
2 c; v1 W$ L. H, s0 F
119. Economic shutdown
) g1 C% D6 H. o+ A# [9 x- _4 K$ A& W4 |: l* y' R$ l2 c0 @% `
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, j- G' c7 V5 d3 Q$ _. I2 R
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Rejection of Authority1 q9 {/ r$ {) g c5 q, `
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
1 ?" H0 V; t, j" W6 ~ 121. Refusal of public support
6 H; o) E) M9 b9 j: m0 g) Z ~% } 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 d2 b$ L. C) L V
' A. \, x% i: y6 {) m ZCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government- x2 b' m+ H# E# B; r8 H1 h, _
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 O5 }8 X9 f! L 124. Boycott of elections. S6 J; p Z* e7 g5 C$ Q; G$ u
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
# H1 M6 c7 i5 ?" ?# U 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies4 Q1 Y/ ?5 `0 m1 X
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& d, { o$ H9 t% F 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; T( w: F% e& {8 y
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 r# K2 e( m) N
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ s3 Q) p- X3 O5 u" W9 f
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& t$ s; h/ i+ O& m/ L3 b3 |
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& g$ D; a7 F6 x- p2 V K
/ }$ J F! U) w$ N7 K7 XCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 g% v2 v7 q0 e+ A c& A+ z* l5 c
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
' c1 b, p5 e# E1 U/ a 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, V8 x) h' p& D. Y% x
135. Popular nonobedience
, `$ a0 K; l- S( r. P 136. Disguised disobedience
, K) m+ C' @- n8 w F9 J6 ~0 b7 z' Y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
A8 a c& N5 ]" w 138. Sitdown" J' V% Y8 P& T# I) M0 N
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
5 A- R/ V% H# B s 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities3 c* }2 ?3 y' C3 |/ {' A+ O! c
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws( d. x( N3 ^( P2 y5 e; |6 w
0 D" n8 A6 y. B; M pAction by Government Personnel
. ^9 o0 R6 W6 j2 \: @- W' N 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 c+ [" g4 q# Q- @( X0 ~
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ }, O+ X7 H( C! L 144. Stalling and obstruction
1 n! C/ m( g9 c& H' T 145. General administrative noncooperation" i! U$ A, f( |) c( M' p K6 G
) E9 s( i. h8 R' k8 M/ T
146. Judicial noncooperation+ g6 _" _3 z+ u0 {
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. q3 G8 S) k3 ?1 c6 s J. M9 a 148. Mutiny9 | D" Q' i! t, L: P
Domestic Governmental Action/ C2 H$ a7 g: \2 M7 C, T/ m
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays3 Z- \- d8 ?; |9 c3 ^
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' Q9 G! l, a9 L! u
Z/ _: r9 W2 P: z* c
International Governmental Action
0 ^/ U7 `8 _! P8 D6 p6 k 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 H4 q! j/ D" K 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
6 ~& W- B0 r( M$ a/ V' {8 W0 J 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
2 ~0 H! X; v' i 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
4 u! A" _1 G: o' G& g% q" c 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
) I# A s. l7 {; n/ Y3 ~* u$ B' d 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
8 p( f7 D8 p5 t2 f# ~ 157. Expulsion from international organizations/ {6 d' _* s3 `6 K
! w5 f- X0 G4 I6 |4 R9 Z) y; d $ C0 i( }0 S m* V }/ B6 _, g% k
" D/ ^& ]6 Y- x! [' p6 ]
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION* e7 D" i+ f4 ~8 `7 f4 t) F0 ?& j% `
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Psychological Intervention. F- l" V! N5 x8 H$ B% S) I9 v5 J2 o
158. Self-exposure to the elements2 l7 b& A4 m! \' _; O% ^; [& P
159. The fast! [4 B4 f4 y+ E* b- Z- }5 Z
a) Fast of moral pressure
) P2 _7 B9 {9 Z' o b) Hunger strike4 |% f V% ~% f4 W8 t" r5 X
c) Satyagrahic fast' y5 [6 f4 q( [. V/ b8 b* j
160. Reverse trial' r% p6 O% h" v6 D
161. Nonviolent harassment
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& F. T( h: }4 Z" }3 hPhysical Intervention
6 [0 Y/ M1 M5 b0 \ 162. Sit-in
. r/ E8 f+ h! S6 { 163. Stand-in/ O1 L* X5 u: a! }$ W+ m( [6 ?
164. Ride-in4 Q2 s8 P8 @% H! u- I9 X6 L
165. Wade-in
, S. o( p3 c1 O! f# _' r7 I 166. Mill-in
$ d5 E4 q5 C9 b% Z 167. Pray-in
3 H I8 Y8 ^. W) Z; D8 n6 x+ Y 168. Nonviolent raids0 k7 t$ [, R" Z; M" K) X
169. Nonviolent air raids
6 y& K0 v* k+ v! ` 170. Nonviolent invasion5 r' W6 j5 Q) m; k$ a* n
171. Nonviolent interjection/ Z3 R' W \& u
172. Nonviolent obstruction, C$ O$ B3 M: I- x4 t$ R- f: d8 S
173. Nonviolent occupation
1 m; j% @! X b+ S# c7 c7 c+ m) w2 B b1 E- d4 k4 c# p
Social Intervention' |8 Y( ?2 ~' J- V
174. Establishing new social patterns" b I! W2 Y5 u
175. Overloading of facilities
# ?+ r7 [* e" G) o$ \ 176. Stall-in
- m" M1 a: D: m: N( P0 o. m+ c 177. Speak-in+ b$ [9 l6 S: y" t
178. Guerrilla theater
" N2 Z( y/ X. k @( g) F. R7 H A 179. Alternative social institutions8 r! G( N5 u2 I7 W" w& r
180. Alternative communication system
7 |) F. J: d, }5 O& E" N* l$ _+ C' a, h6 B( B M2 B
Economic Intervention
7 C0 U( ]8 D% {5 N8 G 181. Reverse strike
# `% m& _; p7 l& X( D 182. Stay-in strike
# ]* K% M* M! G$ ^8 M$ R) q5 r 183. Nonviolent land seizure
' K3 P m* e+ D9 b; ~ 184. Defiance of blockades
' W; I1 u- Q; L- R9 ~ p/ X7 i 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- l9 |) e" I* h
186. Preclusive purchasing
- W5 H& {1 Y+ \+ e4 Q 187. Seizure of assets' [) ]2 F. |: V0 N4 \
188. Dumping8 N ~. k8 D9 X6 D8 ^2 m; u
189. Selective patronage
) m& v% j( Y% m* ]: i$ a! L, H2 v 190. Alternative markets) l Z" _( ^1 K) p4 p
191. Alternative transportation systems; B$ X9 H* d7 Y$ j. s( m
192. Alternative economic institutions
% x" P6 L: M# N6 g! l! b+ q2 R* C+ v5 m- {! H2 k4 W* B
Political Intervention% O' D1 U! i# O1 [3 F6 k$ [+ f
193. Overloading of administrative systems! h- Q- p7 w) ?3 {2 ^ `
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents6 |# s1 `1 Y5 F
195. Seeking imprisonment
. H! l- [: |% S2 `4 N6 J 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws: ~8 n0 I" |8 l8 j9 n
197. Work-on without collaboration2 C i$ B. m: T; l+ i5 e! H0 C
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
