 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ c' r: R: a3 S5 {Formal Statements; j$ x7 O% v& i$ l
1. Public Speeches
3 Q+ d( I/ ^- V 2. Letters of opposition or support' N/ F4 ~: m5 z% q) T
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ L& U X+ d& ]7 @
4. Signed public statements
- o! Z7 P$ d* X+ R& M& o 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
) A/ d' E; }0 r# S 6. Group or mass petitions( Q/ M# c" a, E3 a; \ i
% R% M1 j5 Y8 W4 X0 ]9 D
Communications with a Wider Audience
9 O) i ]' _* i, T- H+ d% g! t 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
; P1 L$ \( u! O) e( c 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 ]$ t, y: r# u0 e& F4 X# e
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books( A& a0 t) W' o( v5 i- o9 O" B
10. Newspapers and journals0 L( S' U* T; ^0 i5 d
11. Records, radio, and television
( Z8 O: k! {6 Y5 @# V) | 12. Skywriting and earthwriting" j/ E H2 n! M$ ?& [
! s) |* b$ }1 |2 k
Group Representations
! {& \1 l, @9 a E1 C4 D" r 13. Deputations. Z! I- t; |# R% M
14. Mock awards
. a$ {; O. \6 y9 ?7 Q' p 15. Group lobbying
- q* A9 f2 {* V3 N9 t) m 16. Picketing
; N K0 _- }9 Q7 F+ O( {# p# K6 Q, E 17. Mock elections7 u$ V) _( F/ n& E& y" Z# S- f
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Symbolic Public Acts( ?; A4 a9 c: S% ^! |% J$ M- g# z
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ e! ]+ }# e5 [- U S
19. Wearing of symbols
( p( S% a6 W# x4 s" N% N3 [; A 20. Prayer and worship
7 [$ J8 a0 F" e& ^8 V 21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 q/ [6 ]( H5 g1 ~- d$ b# C( { 22. Protest disrobings
/ B" D$ @7 @9 ?2 n+ g& J 23. Destruction of own property
. J: m/ E+ a9 \! P: N 24. Symbolic lights
! \* `+ @9 x, z( x5 D1 H0 E2 C 25. Displays of portraits( d2 P; O4 t1 E; J2 M4 [2 S
26. Paint as protest
1 z5 d% }, X# ^0 t; q& { 27. New signs and names
) O4 T) |' o; `: h1 M 28. Symbolic sounds
; s' u: v! o+ r# F7 V" S5 W) @ 29. Symbolic reclamations
3 P+ h. {) e- M2 c" ~ 30. Rude gestures
! t1 [8 o$ P8 T/ Q! t+ c/ M2 a; C6 [+ H8 E' {6 J( H3 ^
Pressures on Individuals5 C* b: D/ Z7 d; b4 t# j
31. “Haunting” officials* y7 n' }* J4 _! x
32. Taunting officials
4 g* w+ [$ x' h+ k7 H3 S+ r 33. Fraternization
4 F* {6 y* ~" p8 d6 W 34. Vigils6 J k! U# R* S1 K
8 V# w% q. c' D$ ZDrama and Music: y+ y! z' ]' O1 \' A/ _7 ?. b$ N1 {
35. Humorous skits and pranks
# z. ]" f% B2 c5 ~, O* x 36. Performances of plays and music* P# \1 g9 f$ U3 F% I
37. Singing! i, [- e% L5 E1 G! f3 O
( }% |6 _ v0 J9 [
Processions
6 [- V, |) n4 x: w7 [ 38. Marches1 [3 | z/ {$ |+ a7 X
39. Parades
- k& }/ y- q6 e/ \7 A 40. Religious processions' M6 u: d* N0 b: G" v% F
41. Pilgrimages
- o; @3 C# b( S1 \9 w: i! ]/ y6 u 42. Motorcades! C5 f- }8 m! U2 _, R) n H
" C/ m0 R+ B9 f1 f) CHonoring the Dead
6 _; `" J; i; y5 i1 ?6 M" Z 43. Political mourning, B T8 Z) H' y
44. Mock funerals
" t/ X2 t2 X5 D7 ] 45. Demonstrative funerals
: F9 |& ?- \6 J( f8 h3 Y; C 46. Homage at burial places
D/ K" h' L: l" B" L0 S# k8 p/ U( W
Public Assemblies
1 @ l6 v8 x5 r2 b+ f! i 47. Assemblies of protest or support
) c3 s/ V' K* X' O0 y/ Q+ q 48. Protest meetings! a2 D- N" z( ~/ p k+ u
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
) Q6 n, I: M# V; }9 ?4 @ 50. Teach-ins
& j: N% f1 Z" f( j; A. o3 \/ ^4 t- k3 y2 V4 ?% O5 r% n7 t0 U$ R
Withdrawal and Renunciation; Z1 l# N8 h3 e; B% y
51. Walk-outs
]5 \; S' r0 e9 f- k 52. Silence2 Z+ p$ U9 s% Z; l
53. Renouncing honors* `8 ~; b+ L& }* I f4 s
54. Turning one’s back/ m4 ~& ~0 \; Z; t p# l
C0 x& m+ C7 p1 D1 @7 O: v
: ^4 o$ s& B3 L D; ]* m. p# E5 _0 n( F5 N
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION3 V* m2 S7 W% N( s1 v( [0 q
) m/ `7 @9 ~! D0 s
6 n8 Y* l" t! |0 N! X; N" ]
# G$ \, ~; [9 i1 v* ^. B" H& Y& {Ostracism of Persons' M1 O$ n7 {; n4 D
55. Social boycott
. _! w' T7 n: Z7 P 56. Selective social boycott. m3 A7 n7 Y" R, P& T3 o: c
57. Lysistratic nonaction" |) s* A. ?6 E" q; `9 [
58. Excommunication$ ?: v& s- c L+ c: P
59. Interdict; n( n" H8 w/ R3 A# D U5 K J
* o* a& K+ \# C. Z9 U8 ], u
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
( c5 D% \2 F% r: A! F( g( Z; \" k) U 60. Suspension of social and sports activities# ~+ s0 C4 z4 T$ K: v4 p& b4 V
61. Boycott of social affairs
- j/ n; h, V1 \7 r$ z% p& n6 Y' \. [& J 62. Student strike' }' S% p3 H8 [; `/ j! [
63. Social disobedience1 m& l f9 D1 d+ K
64. Withdrawal from social institutions6 ~4 b/ ?" H: o+ U
0 G4 K5 k4 [. XWithdrawal from the Social System7 l9 K. Q' C! i, _/ T
65. Stay-at-home& T1 G2 v- B, O9 G
66. Total personal noncooperation
- S5 u1 O% q+ w' p. A* _# E 67. “Flight” of workers$ ~0 b1 R& p- z- N6 b
68. Sanctuary6 \+ y1 c1 d9 [8 T, ~6 y8 ]& ^
69. Collective disappearance
/ j9 z8 I, u% a5 @4 \# M* g 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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% N, m1 M; p0 v: L5 T$ C
: \& ?1 j7 u: @5 n' g$ xTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
0 c' ^* r9 ] S( T3 ?& N
o4 _0 L. Q" V6 R' m% S5 f
; E! W" |) E- I$ K jActions by Consumers
' n% y. n" B1 }" q; I! y 71. Consumers’ boycott( F# }, ^. I# \
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# o2 W, O" h: p. e. Z3 Y8 k 73. Policy of austerity7 ~+ _' \1 H! R; L. \8 j, [7 B# s
74. Rent withholding9 k) S [7 X* W
75. Refusal to rent
* N) r9 m- I0 U7 M4 v7 d( \ 76. National consumers’ boycott
t' O$ b3 m( H 77. International consumers’ boycott. h9 |; I& g& ?6 ~
3 ~/ u/ b: P1 Y# ^
Action by Workers and Producers+ S, M' D% X& w* d7 m* z
78. Workmen’s boycott
- M- C" A* o' \8 M/ A 79. Producers’ boycott
. Q: `/ r& Q$ O; [ L4 v0 r: j+ q9 u8 u. n
Action by Middlemen/ \+ v n2 p8 A, _
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
- x$ o5 E1 ~# ^0 O; p 81. Traders’ boycott0 k2 [9 t/ \4 B3 R) `* k3 ^6 |
82. Refusal to let or sell property# V. Z& h5 v3 g) ^
83. Lockout
3 C: k$ @; h5 u/ C 84. Refusal of industrial assistance& B' m' y9 U X* a. u3 |6 v
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 p9 D0 w* T+ y* E5 _- v' u- l2 X- E) z0 k
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 ]0 J9 {4 `" v# b 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' F, C3 w5 V+ M; f( J, z8 Q' v 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; P3 x! V7 [# n |' _
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest- _+ Q9 f& z J# K [5 n
89. Severance of funds and credit
7 C- o3 g% R, U* W' P! c 90. Revenue refusal: Q& _0 i9 ?8 w3 t
91. Refusal of a government’s money
! z6 D P7 ^8 Z e0 c% B! N! D ~8 x! `6 D4 f x
Action by Governments
3 f) e w1 _/ _3 y" H% d 92. Domestic embargo5 P# F6 i i/ m$ A$ T: l$ e: {
93. Blacklisting of traders. g; W0 S" c& }4 W) {# ^3 s
94. International sellers’ embargo
2 J8 V1 Y2 F6 u( I8 P 95. International buyers’ embargo
: k& ~0 a' z, \5 |* x5 ?3 u. [: X 96. International trade embargo5 x5 F6 v/ D5 }, W
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE, Z3 L6 H0 O( \% t
8 }8 \) L8 ?# }, o7 _
6 X7 `# D8 l% v3 m( j/ _/ YSymbolic Strikes
/ L4 P* J/ n* N' |; x | 97. Protest strike
3 w2 V$ d3 N: r7 w% i 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ J7 B* T4 `& T: e D4 T0 z2 t8 j! Z* |; m2 A1 T" P. c
Agricultural Strikes% o8 K1 F+ `' D3 p
99. Peasant strike
) X7 A' [' C9 w! |5 x8 W6 O 100. Farm Workers’ strike, W7 I9 {+ W, M- C, l
3 A% O! w6 P, JStrikes by Special Groups
: ~% Y3 L' @; { 101. Refusal of impressed labor
) j2 T N! c: { 102. Prisoners’ strike
( }- |* P. j6 v' l) U 103. Craft strike" h1 F4 n4 z d- n& P
104. Professional strike# C! i4 t& @# j0 p( C% a- s/ A) j
9 n% ^- u3 y! ]4 D4 o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes$ \- \% x% x# Z% C/ h
105. Establishment strike4 ~6 q( @4 I' G$ k: P6 {
106. Industry strike# D6 J" Z$ ~' j4 e* }9 B
107. Sympathetic strike5 q! E5 y* _- |. Y5 f' ^+ ?
0 h% O: {$ w' ~
Restricted Strikes% l! A, Y* M" J( j$ }( Y
108. Detailed strike {7 q6 l/ y% S% I! @3 b" l
109. Bumper strike* W: v. v5 ]. d% A* Q+ h1 m o
110. Slowdown strike
# `+ [& Z. G' _ 111. Working-to-rule strike
6 \- O1 k" n' q' L/ F4 a 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 h% y& s* W# v+ X' Z 113. Strike by resignation( W- i5 @( p1 ?7 ^' j
114. Limited strike8 E3 p! p8 K* g, g
115. Selective strike
9 H- b8 P& O+ {& v# G6 Q! X3 a+ F" O
Multi-Industry Strikes6 I) `+ z2 M- E! A0 F
' O) m9 U( s% A7 x) J1 ^
116. Generalized strike
1 t; d% j7 R! w( n; H7 W! @* W6 R: T
117. General strike2 a& S6 e6 t6 I' D; P6 a
# W3 i2 ?. C! n2 k% c( S7 \Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures! W* \8 R! w2 F! o/ [8 d
w6 x' u6 S2 i! l 118. Hartal
1 |) b; }9 J" @+ J" B% u% l8 o S
# H+ F/ v2 w+ ^. a; d 119. Economic shutdown- e/ U6 k) u* S; Z
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1 B9 ?! T L7 v5 c6 Y5 vTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
4 |9 W# I; U: ^5 F" S, Z9 `; s
& Z* ]$ i: Q* H. q% t' r + K3 [- Z# I& o/ G: h3 Q. E+ }, S
Rejection of Authority9 ]) E" [8 i7 H7 V% M) s
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% X! y5 x5 e2 O; U
121. Refusal of public support
2 Z R9 Z2 z5 c0 X 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance1 ^ z$ k; c/ t# l6 m* b8 P$ M
) @7 t( Q$ y$ X, G, Y
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 g3 ~) Y5 L u* H
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ h; @; ]1 i" h9 S
124. Boycott of elections* ]0 `- ~ S) M, `
125. Boycott of government employment and positions. A) P+ ]8 B% c% m G% u+ o
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies- j6 f, e- m0 P0 q+ F
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ z" {) k& }- B9 \7 P5 v; k& K. f! u
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
" s4 a: \8 }8 f2 X 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
5 W$ X/ n6 M4 M/ P8 [2 | 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
9 }3 Z. v p' _% T5 S 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* U3 C! M9 ^( D2 h, P$ S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions5 o$ b3 o, Y. z
: R! B4 z' }8 M, m' L4 F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience" F- \5 Q) ~; k# M! Z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# {( _3 C* j* N- f8 A2 x/ A 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
g; d- `' s. X$ `* ?7 B' |+ P, C 135. Popular nonobedience" e8 c- N) x' p( Y+ v& o
136. Disguised disobedience
+ ~. b! P7 r! e# v' H7 \ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ Y* L( [. |9 U D& a) S 138. Sitdown
, D/ o7 @6 J6 ~6 {* g8 D 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
V @1 R& z6 {( p. U e5 t 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ t( V0 J8 K( Z5 Z1 q1 [
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
" ?$ o) F+ @+ s' t" h; S5 x/ A, @# @- C# }5 J+ i8 Y
Action by Government Personnel
9 o7 s8 ]4 x2 s 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
- r' H4 K5 S/ z+ \$ C! m 143. Blocking of lines of command and information' V. G$ s5 v# h, H' X/ t/ |( P
144. Stalling and obstruction
% w* L8 b1 s1 l: p( |; @ 145. General administrative noncooperation
9 c9 H$ Y- J+ e w& J$ P# \' i2 W! }
146. Judicial noncooperation' W1 X6 }4 g1 k# c& ^2 u
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
; y$ e3 K( g8 @. X% [ 148. Mutiny
: u$ `0 M2 z: T! L" z; ]Domestic Governmental Action
( i6 Y9 k$ X) H. j% U 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays, e$ z6 e" X- U, }+ L. n
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 B! g( |* ?/ o! g, W
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International Governmental Action' p, H$ A- J. P" f2 N. X6 d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
! Z- T8 J0 O/ K) C3 _6 @" I3 K 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events5 N) R: ~( l" [( g% w: a) `! n
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" h& ]$ k, o M' E/ R
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. {: G4 E# n& r7 b9 L* Y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' E& r, @) v, p& m9 D! ? 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies# K% X8 p8 i& ~7 `2 W
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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j+ `. Q- Q2 O$ X6 q5 z: @4 K: \# D2 R K
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
$ ~2 N: P" g) J1 Q0 n" y1 o. F- E; W0 N: S# N# i5 L$ g
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Psychological Intervention, N3 n0 P$ O- [ s
158. Self-exposure to the elements
' X: q/ V6 t/ M2 `0 z 159. The fast7 N7 S$ a6 Y/ d, v4 I
a) Fast of moral pressure
& `4 d; N2 w1 Y8 m% r3 {, ^0 { b) Hunger strike6 ^: @1 K0 J2 n1 N; D
c) Satyagrahic fast
4 e0 b0 Q9 k4 v0 n# W 160. Reverse trial7 h+ |4 R3 j5 u I1 ]
161. Nonviolent harassment
+ C2 m: ~ l) X$ p$ i6 I
& X( ~4 u, v2 p3 yPhysical Intervention6 g. J2 R$ n+ p7 }1 Y
162. Sit-in( `5 q; y1 J$ B$ l) T; f6 ^
163. Stand-in
! W4 z# C$ ^) u& f" q2 v) C 164. Ride-in; ]( h# E6 B2 D, k* Q
165. Wade-in4 k0 i. d2 W) c
166. Mill-in
' u7 p1 \, I9 i* P; l8 h' w- P 167. Pray-in
& s9 i& q4 M& {. R$ O8 P 168. Nonviolent raids
8 e. F# w" c/ k- L. U 169. Nonviolent air raids
' q( B1 |! V3 n( Q$ `- @ 170. Nonviolent invasion
( A" `$ H5 d' H0 n) k' ?3 m9 o 171. Nonviolent interjection( k, m& T { Q! g. X# I/ f
172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ k2 }& a x0 G, V7 N& g% G 173. Nonviolent occupation4 d7 r) Z- e: f: w
( V: q2 k# M2 F6 f- Z' f6 ZSocial Intervention# h" t, k, w4 n3 B
174. Establishing new social patterns
6 a- F; ~& W: g5 t" x3 W, U 175. Overloading of facilities3 ^8 s* L. S2 S3 z3 g
176. Stall-in! g( ~3 X2 r; H9 D5 b, e
177. Speak-in
5 u1 D3 K& e" L6 Y% [ 178. Guerrilla theater2 r T. b& W- M- v* n' f$ `; ~* r
179. Alternative social institutions" V, U# q# w' X, x1 z' D- z) t
180. Alternative communication system
1 D8 ?! ]7 v5 d2 }* G& H4 Q# v, O R, X* h
Economic Intervention
: M" ~8 `. g4 i1 N# z1 b+ N 181. Reverse strike( f A$ }; ~( P0 j; \/ C
182. Stay-in strike0 l* Z I' G: _8 q m, J; A
183. Nonviolent land seizure1 s8 B4 N7 ?; x6 O3 A K- R: E- u
184. Defiance of blockades
n* ?" m; y7 G, V9 y) P8 @ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
+ Y: ]2 s3 [( Q, Q" e$ } 186. Preclusive purchasing
! p7 Z1 E; @1 x9 N: H, M4 i1 m. Q 187. Seizure of assets
% I2 y$ _6 b0 L4 L2 L; o% w! Z8 ^ 188. Dumping
4 N, s6 x- G9 b( x" U9 j) t 189. Selective patronage
% X" j, t! O8 i% b 190. Alternative markets
7 W0 o2 W9 U* f7 h" @2 A 191. Alternative transportation systems
# X5 O/ @( b6 u& F4 D5 l( q, ` 192. Alternative economic institutions
. U8 S# P5 {4 _& s% q; Z
! j" W, e7 J: Z2 HPolitical Intervention
% e/ j7 C9 F' J: @& ] 193. Overloading of administrative systems
# n1 k! ]+ N; {* h. U8 } 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents3 p0 X& r2 [( {& i: B2 m" t+ u
195. Seeking imprisonment. \+ h+ f. O B
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws- R$ W+ P4 b, U8 G0 W3 ?+ w- B
197. Work-on without collaboration. O5 U! P2 Q4 Q' f( N
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
