 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 j9 ^9 |# S+ x/ ?
Formal Statements! X6 ?9 v- F8 }; v3 i
1. Public Speeches
% \" t$ g2 C: e% h5 Q0 y 2. Letters of opposition or support
# y# O. h! u0 b6 \8 d: D' F- F 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
% w# B: M2 F. b8 M* p& | 4. Signed public statements
! q% G- s" E6 o5 v% d8 v 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 I1 | i/ ~9 N( Q5 d/ ^% K 6. Group or mass petitions8 x8 m! I7 E+ E6 J* ^
+ E a, P9 B( o: Z" E% G( v# b% K
Communications with a Wider Audience
; d( {! M- Y5 i 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' C4 d4 A) ]5 t 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications* e4 a# R* h& c+ \+ @* ^
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books5 h9 ^* y. o& _8 F: g! P# P5 u
10. Newspapers and journals2 L- N. E4 h3 N# u
11. Records, radio, and television1 I2 ]% g) b5 L0 z, a6 x
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 q7 w4 Z7 M4 G2 h# O! ]4 @! i# d
Group Representations
. E3 X; S1 S" p* d$ S) d 13. Deputations
9 Q) n! @0 o: l& g+ n 14. Mock awards0 g' x0 a7 z5 q9 p# B% d
15. Group lobbying# I) g3 D/ J: i. s/ H: @
16. Picketing
9 V* e2 K5 X. h) z# k2 B/ [ 17. Mock elections
- {: D& G- F# W( N$ X4 N( ~. [6 @' h X; J- S2 h* r$ g
Symbolic Public Acts X; M- T2 y, ~8 ]
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors T% y( G! @' ?7 ~) u- R) Q
19. Wearing of symbols
" A3 O# X8 F6 q( Q* q& ? 20. Prayer and worship! \0 c0 |) D+ b0 T. _5 y
21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 b4 N/ ]6 d' g0 _ 22. Protest disrobings+ E: y, A0 U6 \! K! X Z! @9 {! n
23. Destruction of own property; q( P2 M2 W" s( m7 E
24. Symbolic lights8 o# M7 x c' ^, s# `$ Y$ o( I
25. Displays of portraits) t' ` h) O: B) Z) B6 W! Z
26. Paint as protest7 D7 p0 V f5 C. Q
27. New signs and names2 S2 o5 o x9 y. M4 _( ? I" N
28. Symbolic sounds
+ B& }- c' _* o5 P0 I/ c 29. Symbolic reclamations/ ~1 \' ?6 U9 v& M0 @+ v# [% Y% B
30. Rude gestures
% e1 V/ d5 s# g+ E9 z" t0 S% e2 A6 W: _ t; ~9 Y: B* k( Y" k. y
Pressures on Individuals8 S4 M3 K. `+ T3 d- V( B
31. “Haunting” officials5 o, N/ S D! `
32. Taunting officials# p* |3 R- a+ d8 t! L. f% J
33. Fraternization
% l5 G2 ^& ?8 Q 34. Vigils
+ \; g$ i' O9 @: V/ v
: }& h/ A+ q6 V9 a+ ~' h! IDrama and Music
9 A. [ T) u& w) x# W0 O. b 35. Humorous skits and pranks
' C5 z, H9 C+ S: t Z( T 36. Performances of plays and music) w5 ~) E- ?* e+ }
37. Singing
7 ~# a' {% Z6 D* h- f8 u. Y7 l5 u" N* B9 s6 {( d$ N& q
Processions2 }2 p9 j) j. i2 W3 p
38. Marches
( h: ~! `1 H: a, V) i- e0 S% e' i" N 39. Parades
0 E. N0 }' U/ ~8 Y; U; Q 40. Religious processions- n1 {0 Y, y, w6 x$ e
41. Pilgrimages
$ b1 A) r# ]3 i1 N c" _# q 42. Motorcades
) v# O. s; F4 g8 k& X) O! }9 k: p* @" @) j; W
Honoring the Dead
* W% C) z1 G& B8 G& N 43. Political mourning8 O: i N3 L! \; U1 K$ `) ?7 _/ t
44. Mock funerals
( A. D" a, x: {" F; N* K. ? 45. Demonstrative funerals8 j( T0 d/ o& I1 L* H* p; V
46. Homage at burial places
# b3 u2 a6 j) A+ X5 E3 h; P" y, A5 ^
Public Assemblies
; ?3 m5 ^, i5 N% K) | 47. Assemblies of protest or support; T; J$ q: c m! ?# b
48. Protest meetings! i8 T9 |% a1 e9 ~: @) e
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest# ~ {$ n) c0 b, X
50. Teach-ins
4 U2 L* G& ^( i6 N2 c0 @. W
2 ^6 _ J6 }% y* G- z0 OWithdrawal and Renunciation1 W6 }7 `: ~* @
51. Walk-outs
* w9 `5 o' m; Q6 p 52. Silence w) W) h3 f/ u+ b: N/ p
53. Renouncing honors
$ j' G) Q! V% ~% s a, b4 c; k8 H 54. Turning one’s back
: N$ X: K# J* |5 {# Q3 y# V7 p h9 `
l: z- Z: t; x, a2 S: r& u
% B: V0 r8 X6 ^' H7 Y
' Y" F- g% M$ e3 ZTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ V, ^' w# Z' A
& f: b8 C0 T* }$ @' [$ K9 ^$ R' j2 K
8 @1 c* M2 \/ e" r5 f4 P; p0 K
* h9 X# K# W9 }# J3 B3 N
Ostracism of Persons
8 z3 b9 ^; b4 T$ h 55. Social boycott
& S) _4 t' H( f, b& B+ Q2 R 56. Selective social boycott+ R, p/ Q V7 v9 h) `
57. Lysistratic nonaction. ]& r/ @9 E: B7 _4 t
58. Excommunication
+ n* p% {" P; e7 u3 z f 59. Interdict( s6 }" S/ L W% J
: }; [' z: ?0 gNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 \: Y. c2 g0 e7 A# U 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! H$ n; |" A7 N7 U% I6 q 61. Boycott of social affairs
B* y7 M% ^9 n2 V2 _$ }1 X5 g" s 62. Student strike/ _. c( h. g7 \) V7 @7 O! F3 T
63. Social disobedience& ~. e% i% D% N( m8 f; v# L
64. Withdrawal from social institutions z2 F: [+ w6 \
6 W! a7 O0 X8 Z: t/ VWithdrawal from the Social System- N1 ^& X3 V: ~/ X
65. Stay-at-home# B, {; X* ~+ ]: Y3 O: \" b
66. Total personal noncooperation1 ?7 _2 L4 f9 t; e% ^
67. “Flight” of workers
, Y, v( `# y, o3 v! v 68. Sanctuary
7 U! b7 ^6 j* Y; @0 X( T! X 69. Collective disappearance0 U! q) _8 Z- [: r* [/ i
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
7 m* Q: T$ ~, o* h5 \; e5 i) L+ y8 s8 A
4 y- l6 r f# j4 l% A: [: e: _
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 O+ P6 B( u$ P* f$ H: G7 X
( R* P. f6 t# ^
* W$ ]2 Q' a8 [5 e
Actions by Consumers
: L) E4 Z! s7 ~( g& b 71. Consumers’ boycott
+ f- ]7 V/ {0 D+ a 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
7 g/ W0 R3 C, e1 W- L; n7 A/ h 73. Policy of austerity
$ ^$ Z5 S' z5 u 74. Rent withholding
3 Z; ^$ }3 e9 \9 D5 v4 n 75. Refusal to rent \% p' M& d' l9 v
76. National consumers’ boycott
& y D# p6 X7 Z7 } 77. International consumers’ boycott* F' }. \ b- G7 ?# `: n
0 S7 K) l, o, }5 A/ ~) P; Y+ N0 c
Action by Workers and Producers
. w4 V/ Q0 r8 J: R 78. Workmen’s boycott
2 d' v; k" S, Q9 b. |0 i* k0 `& v 79. Producers’ boycott
" \& S2 Q. \1 E) J! `0 S& A
: B3 f0 D5 ^: v- `1 HAction by Middlemen& V+ r1 y9 S9 }+ @! g c1 y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott5 m! N$ ~5 q$ \3 S3 p
5 E+ K% F. y7 m6 K0 yAction by Owners and Management
- I: h% f8 f. R# g( j d' z- I 81. Traders’ boycott4 }) _2 G* ~8 m( a5 B
82. Refusal to let or sell property# [3 V2 s0 s% ^: E
83. Lockout
; s+ e" T* W( A* [2 N9 h3 ~9 g 84. Refusal of industrial assistance% D) c2 y' O7 ~
85. Merchants’ “general strike”: f# W2 Z: X, J, C4 M
Z5 O! K+ L* L# b6 x
Action by Holders of Financial Resources0 l' l+ I3 b) B7 G7 Q" t
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 C e4 O+ S6 A% `5 t 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' i8 L2 g6 ^ z7 R 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
% F9 Q) I% D' l8 E 89. Severance of funds and credit' r( V( M$ z+ f9 G& K# P
90. Revenue refusal
; y" e' I, h4 t1 t4 | 91. Refusal of a government’s money
* [' ]% ?% e+ _* R$ @- e8 V! ?4 x! l7 v$ A
Action by Governments5 Z( M3 G, [7 I+ H$ b& f! O
92. Domestic embargo
- G8 @* j' n1 B" c8 u/ g& W 93. Blacklisting of traders8 n( \9 [* O& L* V
94. International sellers’ embargo1 [2 t( I* T: a# G
95. International buyers’ embargo
1 @$ d1 y4 P7 E+ V* q5 } 96. International trade embargo w$ s$ G+ i/ k6 Q8 {6 k! \2 l
9 D8 S, k: y/ p2 T5 ~8 K ! `8 s' L$ D, p* i7 a
" C5 O; F" t) \- OTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 \% p+ E, x0 _* b7 U# N
) e9 \0 A2 M* s8 N2 q2 d # A1 p0 X! m( V# X# ]
Symbolic Strikes& ^7 f% P I5 {6 q; v- ]4 K
97. Protest strike+ E& a2 Z8 M x# ]6 D4 o
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
' S- u5 {- s% P: g( \; H# D% g- x( G) x5 C" x
Agricultural Strikes
8 T) l$ |% ]( Q, [ w5 M4 w% Z4 q) ` 99. Peasant strike1 I4 ]) h; W0 V7 Q) o3 {/ ?" P
100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 i# m1 O- v# q- e: S2 f
! V Q: ~+ m% X* h, W$ qStrikes by Special Groups
6 m% m+ M- ]4 n* ~5 y1 `2 Q 101. Refusal of impressed labor
! T7 o# z- Y7 W# t( K4 K. e/ _ 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 W a& y A: L+ k- j 103. Craft strike5 r6 E3 {" @; I5 ^
104. Professional strike
/ E( f" y& h* ?4 h. R. C9 B( x( W$ ^
" n' _6 ^( C8 o. i$ pOrdinary Industrial Strikes w8 m- ?$ L e8 I: f" z7 h
105. Establishment strike3 v4 f9 D- h r) J( X
106. Industry strike6 E/ F% q5 |% @) r j
107. Sympathetic strike% h- w0 b' Z, G
% E; c M5 v, K6 O) u. b
Restricted Strikes
/ W% ~6 `: K7 w9 n 108. Detailed strike( S. Z |; n5 H- e; S" x
109. Bumper strike" z, e i- B. [
110. Slowdown strike
" E: S2 g* D/ J% p/ Z7 d4 G 111. Working-to-rule strike% u+ l5 r! m: ]- Y9 F* G% a
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 s( R, u u4 ` C9 j$ v) Y$ n 113. Strike by resignation. x& w1 U0 f! O( z5 G+ z
114. Limited strike0 J, O* Y4 ^5 ~7 A3 b
115. Selective strike/ o* N `& S: {2 @) s' T
0 f* d) _0 ^; P& y% P4 x
Multi-Industry Strikes% W' h. ^7 V" }+ {+ |6 U
$ Y( u0 P( C+ O( z L: ?: n! b 116. Generalized strike
! U- P. ], i% K6 F$ e8 u& a! J7 f7 }4 m
117. General strike/ j; S& c& Y& n2 R; E- M0 z
" R# v5 V6 |; D0 f/ ^. q# iCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures. n# a. [: s* p1 r6 r7 T
! `$ h7 V, e! ~0 K Z2 f1 J
118. Hartal- a4 k0 c/ S3 U# V; r0 ^* n
/ c1 E7 h) v) y5 v& I: v" C
119. Economic shutdown# V$ o7 b3 V/ `, b8 u- }4 f
5 H, v3 a% Z5 `# Q
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION, F- `( x1 ~4 I+ P3 H1 B+ m
% f+ D" e5 i" o$ s+ e
( n, o, o M1 I8 q: `; h5 ]1 LRejection of Authority
) _7 G1 H: X& n: v 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 B' R' D" n: W 121. Refusal of public support
h! `0 A: e I1 x 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
) a) \' }( T+ ?+ d0 n. i; T: e% L, |8 ]2 d7 ?0 X: s# c4 ?
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 V& N' A: z2 \ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies; t, _+ [% N7 V& A4 M9 V# {7 r
124. Boycott of elections7 v& ~' Z: x( w
125. Boycott of government employment and positions* n. `! W9 H( K/ I
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies) Q3 B6 X+ g/ w* w
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions$ z& r7 s9 n1 H
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, \1 q" M2 x3 B 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
+ i4 P0 |4 F/ n# I/ S% r; ^ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; S! I( L( D2 m: k8 N) d* g 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials: C E9 a4 P5 @+ v! M, x/ q; H' Q3 G
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions' g& M* f6 f3 d* R9 P6 `' k' {+ s
) @1 y1 z7 x4 e. }Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 j+ W6 y- ^0 e$ L
133. Reluctant and slow compliance) c1 h! }+ P+ R6 k8 w
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ ^& U! Q. B. R
135. Popular nonobedience' A# T+ }" L% g# ?6 w
136. Disguised disobedience
2 b' E+ N! C5 ]% V5 L* e" r 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ z3 ?. V, q7 H I 138. Sitdown
( D" e3 Q, Q, B+ Y* R4 B4 D/ i( a 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation0 _, |: ?& H1 v# X2 ?4 G
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& J: L. J) U. r0 J9 b* G- j6 _
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
\2 l+ B% M& ^: L7 {+ s0 H5 F6 b6 h! h' I8 q2 k( u
Action by Government Personnel0 R# y' o5 d- T" U! |7 l
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 p$ g2 W, A$ T, j$ V- t 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
, N- [% D6 e! s6 m 144. Stalling and obstruction/ Z, Z8 d9 R, O; ^! T3 C* s
145. General administrative noncooperation
. t+ ]3 t; L* {9 W. z" t3 q8 C2 C8 s
' C6 K' k5 }: r5 h 146. Judicial noncooperation4 K+ O- u- u! x( I5 A* S
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents1 `! ^0 Q! q" S3 g7 g; h% g5 w
148. Mutiny$ `. l9 _% G- T+ m U
Domestic Governmental Action
9 x* f, O+ q6 o 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 S/ U% P0 D, j9 |
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
4 ~6 L) Z$ B' {4 x2 h6 }9 L; g, e$ Z* K" {2 u6 M3 H. Y
International Governmental Action- B& V `7 X9 v0 Z1 x
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! p5 [( f! Q& T) [! B
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ `2 x5 K4 D: k6 ]
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition2 N4 `! M$ b8 E! W' z+ ^
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ B' T5 P- w& T9 d# i! _8 U 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' A' N- w, _4 O& Y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* B& X z6 ~+ O3 o( V( \9 U+ a
157. Expulsion from international organizations( ?+ G) Y3 S+ X2 w. m
1 {6 K5 N/ z B9 ?6 Y
+ V* X; R/ ^) ?+ K/ r9 T% [* a) s' K6 o9 g, r) @
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! {: z2 @# R3 n9 b
( g c. C% Z# _& a0 f
+ Q9 I3 Q- f1 y3 Y4 i3 P+ r, xPsychological Intervention
( b1 ?7 P: r+ g) t2 t, T# P 158. Self-exposure to the elements( V! F% E$ v2 Q* h- H" s! s
159. The fast0 l1 ^, J+ O- P* c# T
a) Fast of moral pressure
. A) }0 {1 `' |; A' t' o# m$ j! ` b) Hunger strike
( W% \! @4 N9 Q c) Satyagrahic fast
; ~/ ]0 H) }) @! r3 b 160. Reverse trial
' x! ~ Q7 I) N. e+ W, Q" o 161. Nonviolent harassment
8 p8 G4 U2 c. H1 ?% M3 g U- F, m- B" c3 p
Physical Intervention; k5 C% F# j+ s4 h7 I9 ]/ I
162. Sit-in) J- d3 I) e9 L. m% W: J2 Y1 E4 T
163. Stand-in' i; Y. \: Y4 K7 G8 X0 w
164. Ride-in
" j; |8 E9 l* E 165. Wade-in
& R' N; Z, A. @% C* ~5 D 166. Mill-in
7 c0 c" n- R; m7 d& E1 N3 d 167. Pray-in" v0 o& Z% `8 v4 T
168. Nonviolent raids
+ b" [& F% C# {: ^ 169. Nonviolent air raids
0 Z: h- ^; p7 B' ^* k 170. Nonviolent invasion! h" U& r A- G7 ^! N- ^
171. Nonviolent interjection5 o6 D' H3 N8 V' S# J$ C2 O5 o
172. Nonviolent obstruction( E. I# k- W; e/ ~: q1 o
173. Nonviolent occupation
) }8 H7 A' J/ _) x* r$ |, N, W# }% E1 c) x9 A/ G' L
Social Intervention
( M* i& T) ]; a5 X3 P6 @/ H8 S6 V P 174. Establishing new social patterns, D/ v& D/ I/ M! l, N6 Y( `
175. Overloading of facilities
& {& H" N2 k. L' }& V 176. Stall-in$ U* ]2 \# |# {5 n% N
177. Speak-in5 l" f3 a& P: Y: m8 G& r
178. Guerrilla theater
7 I% R8 y8 h- h# `- Z 179. Alternative social institutions$ g. ` o) C: `: G. P
180. Alternative communication system
; H; G; ~ {6 @$ ^
" a$ L4 s0 t; Y0 N2 u* a, _" I7 ]% iEconomic Intervention
( u5 a* k* o1 K0 M8 a3 M; v5 U 181. Reverse strike- z" L- ]* W! a3 B; t
182. Stay-in strike3 {8 i+ H" k* }5 V$ x0 P
183. Nonviolent land seizure$ a) r8 P1 g6 ]! q/ M$ i
184. Defiance of blockades
9 W' o' L( S- `6 R1 H3 @, l* ]/ E 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
4 M$ [/ b; B V& p! | 186. Preclusive purchasing, S2 {' s8 ^! V6 Q t9 `
187. Seizure of assets
' ]6 n$ f; J+ }) n 188. Dumping3 W: m1 P/ p" |/ X, V2 w' y4 L
189. Selective patronage
& k$ t0 S0 x, P7 G) V7 \ 190. Alternative markets, j- T5 U0 c# H7 A/ m& K5 \
191. Alternative transportation systems1 D! S% |/ P; f
192. Alternative economic institutions
, \1 `( t }2 v) N" g; O2 W
; U5 I" |& D2 ~3 ] _1 [/ ]+ i, |Political Intervention, z% S9 l( p6 z3 n) b: ]& h9 Q( E
193. Overloading of administrative systems( r2 _% p4 e, G# K9 i
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents% m! j# y5 h/ t* W# r8 t% r
195. Seeking imprisonment1 N$ N( F4 Q9 q- _6 w/ k
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws3 y) p, @7 S& e2 r/ c+ }* {; X
197. Work-on without collaboration3 w) t; F% [2 S9 u) B9 W9 d
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 \( ?' Y+ |7 X
% X8 E4 z+ W5 |! y2 }$ C( Y8 ` |
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
