 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION6 ^ [* o3 m! {* c8 T: h5 Z3 j
Formal Statements" Q# y/ K- R+ [. f4 i
1. Public Speeches# R- d* G* d3 w* z6 l! P3 o
2. Letters of opposition or support8 J- t3 |3 r8 [, V
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions; i" p, X0 z- O j. c( z
4. Signed public statements% R$ u+ P4 P; n1 E
5. Declarations of indictment and intention/ F$ q5 B( F1 r, W) B' ?
6. Group or mass petitions
. @% V! w4 g' o1 A/ |1 V1 r2 G1 n0 H
Communications with a Wider Audience( C' M. [- i* ?( R) @
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. W) L7 x [: B' \; A9 J: F9 ~" \
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications: f9 |7 x' G) P$ j" ~; H c
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# c* n. r1 B2 i% X6 Z0 E1 m 10. Newspapers and journals" j$ b: u/ Y2 u% O
11. Records, radio, and television- Y. E# ^, I9 J0 R1 s
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 m3 X$ p% ?7 k$ {
: P4 e5 H/ d0 g8 v* \! aGroup Representations
/ B9 o g" E( T# a 13. Deputations$ B" w( a2 z; I, @* a
14. Mock awards
" T3 `' ~, v4 d3 e0 u0 x" A9 x- x+ |0 i- b 15. Group lobbying
& v/ Y0 \; ?1 `1 X4 C) V. F2 ] 16. Picketing
- }( }& F. v+ x) L, w. B 17. Mock elections
7 A* k5 @9 j: b7 A- T3 A1 k/ f9 y `& z! C# N. H
Symbolic Public Acts
# z! S) _: I) c! V. `$ R% { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
0 d- }% ]8 u+ F! |. q0 U' \+ w: P 19. Wearing of symbols
( p' ~* H, t2 m 20. Prayer and worship
2 | S( c/ m9 d* F 21. Delivering symbolic objects8 Q& D$ g0 d6 K- @$ Z' u6 T- S
22. Protest disrobings
+ u" P( J7 ~5 r Z 23. Destruction of own property
: x! i+ F* A( L$ \# u 24. Symbolic lights7 W, ^) J t p. T
25. Displays of portraits5 K. D4 j) L7 D0 p7 a9 x
26. Paint as protest
u. ^: r7 r" r( l$ J. s 27. New signs and names/ Q) s+ y0 F9 T6 O M
28. Symbolic sounds7 v0 V: {& u' M( b& D
29. Symbolic reclamations
# G; l; ^( c/ V: H! g3 x 30. Rude gestures
5 Y# u, K& X5 a1 n) T" B4 v/ C) V; l
! u% J8 c2 [1 ^) E" F2 k. CPressures on Individuals
M3 p {8 \0 U, ~6 C5 Q' j% q 31. “Haunting” officials
4 g$ @" q7 I, r q 32. Taunting officials
7 {( F$ X4 [3 V9 u7 D6 q2 [, s 33. Fraternization
, s ~% |/ U# M8 H% X 34. Vigils6 t# ]: e2 l( }, r0 r0 R
9 k O6 f3 N& A. v7 k
Drama and Music
! \5 R& y$ }1 [ b3 n: ^% X6 m 35. Humorous skits and pranks6 t5 g/ h* {* N' S
36. Performances of plays and music( }2 [* J/ l2 m$ J8 s. U2 ^
37. Singing
/ [1 T, Q" x1 [7 ^- {" K, J7 Y3 P1 A/ n+ M3 }1 f
Processions
4 V* h5 H6 \/ @0 G, v6 U4 m% F' y 38. Marches
3 M ?# a" \' K( _5 z 39. Parades
# j! V# N0 H% @* P& P/ R 40. Religious processions" c% h0 r: p* u& y3 s3 }1 S
41. Pilgrimages
+ M+ i, R( h5 | 42. Motorcades- c; G+ e- h% U; o S% G# O
! X. r9 s: J# ~- X* M$ X2 l' }0 \
Honoring the Dead
2 m; ~" @ U r1 p- {0 N& P- U, t: a* ` 43. Political mourning" Z' ~* J+ R& `2 ]
44. Mock funerals
1 C& e, ?6 @/ I# }$ w8 s 45. Demonstrative funerals! f4 _; `7 _& u) ~3 a+ X4 P
46. Homage at burial places; G% `# j: ^+ B" m" F3 H1 O
; L; U4 q/ x8 xPublic Assemblies
* T# Y, b! }9 T: d: D# ~( Y 47. Assemblies of protest or support
. @, b4 X, r) p. h* Y 48. Protest meetings+ t/ t d3 Q) s9 c8 @/ M# d t
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
6 ]0 U8 v% P' ~4 F. g% U 50. Teach-ins) c/ L" H; E2 s# g
. i: z0 \1 Z d5 Z! DWithdrawal and Renunciation
' X9 N9 [4 F9 d$ Y 51. Walk-outs
& U6 \- K7 i* @4 t 52. Silence
; v* s0 q+ h9 V* S# c 53. Renouncing honors
3 i) q) r6 f* Z- Q6 h 54. Turning one’s back
6 L }7 Q+ _' V, }+ \
8 F; O, i3 F# K& ~# B2 \ 7 ~6 j% v+ C& h% M7 E. B
% [# H3 ]& q2 ?THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION! q9 d0 @" K- j2 E/ c$ Z6 C
8 [% y& @3 s1 u; R
7 c, S* S4 P2 L: D
, z! f2 X S9 k, o3 M; A; t6 POstracism of Persons2 k" `1 Y; E. @4 L. k* f( T
55. Social boycott! E4 `+ c' A+ ~* {% O/ P
56. Selective social boycott
9 V% ]' S+ L- m0 v. ]: c 57. Lysistratic nonaction K0 M% M' ` [( }
58. Excommunication. n% i/ I. m) K A& K
59. Interdict
! z {2 R4 }( ?, a# [' w, l" [: R# P
- P: u$ x- i( n: e9 R/ d2 E( x, eNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ x) X) ~# c. v0 ^& G1 b1 m
60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 `2 @& w4 n! y# G& h+ p
61. Boycott of social affairs4 X0 ]+ X5 S' O- v1 u4 B* z Z! H$ B6 y
62. Student strike
: b( ]3 P& Y- q 63. Social disobedience8 T4 L. |* l( L+ n; y4 V$ b
64. Withdrawal from social institutions3 r0 L' K& B' G/ u1 v: X1 `- k
, C$ J) ?& U. o o# C) ]Withdrawal from the Social System
. l' c1 U. j+ e: H/ f P1 E& W 65. Stay-at-home
S6 U) G, Z$ V/ w 66. Total personal noncooperation
% N# M" B/ u3 x! C 67. “Flight” of workers- [9 z# G8 J' R1 d! O' [, |1 a6 d1 ?. W
68. Sanctuary
3 v. \( C: e2 v5 [. U 69. Collective disappearance
& U) @5 s2 i% K, |; {4 v+ z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat); t" G; r1 [5 n5 z/ n$ ]7 E* o/ \. r
# {$ m3 @- J+ E
4 ^, M& ]7 |3 Y& B. D) }& a2 z* y
# n6 y6 {6 u6 ^' PTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 D7 U$ p+ h& q- D e
( a& h) J4 ]( e/ [( X
, I, V, p9 @6 ?- L+ Q# k" FActions by Consumers
) O& s7 x& p9 s. |; r. z( z1 f 71. Consumers’ boycott
9 Y. u3 g0 j8 H4 d0 V5 Z# T" s 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: j- B! o0 X# ?& E" I# I: t
73. Policy of austerity" w$ S1 w5 e- Y* Q# A. t, W# F
74. Rent withholding' s. \: k$ l% [9 g
75. Refusal to rent
( L+ h; h& z/ z' t& c 76. National consumers’ boycott( l- q- V& T) ] w' G
77. International consumers’ boycott6 G. c& v0 w$ \" z8 D
6 M3 p. U0 }7 n5 U/ Z, y* R6 }
Action by Workers and Producers! A4 t) e# I: }& D; O+ ?3 @# g2 A
78. Workmen’s boycott' P1 h! Y' q. y0 [/ ^$ e7 a# F+ t
79. Producers’ boycott
/ \" f* s3 ~7 q$ O9 X5 ^5 _: ^! Q) l( x$ ]% y. E; V
Action by Middlemen
& e. l5 A9 \( X$ [8 f B 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
: z2 A, n2 W4 A; @; i9 Y
8 S, P/ r5 N7 P* D d0 bAction by Owners and Management) H# ?; R2 t& W: n
81. Traders’ boycott7 S6 W" e1 J& F& b r
82. Refusal to let or sell property: R* Z P- [2 D# A) ?* `
83. Lockout9 s5 W- v( B/ {% X
84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 b8 w$ J8 w! w5 B% c+ f
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
y6 j. m+ b- C* q8 c4 X& ]8 A( s7 n5 x8 F( c, H4 {
Action by Holders of Financial Resources% v) Q( u0 w, o
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ S5 t7 [' U8 Z Z4 f% W- ^+ ? 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 S( ?* B9 h# C" z
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
+ ]( A' }1 z$ ~, j, c 89. Severance of funds and credit2 X! K5 Q+ m' `! ^. q" H
90. Revenue refusal. q, F# ]$ H5 J. d
91. Refusal of a government’s money& V, v7 o* I ^) W) }8 o( T+ R
! c' G+ I4 v% F2 i% d, ~: S8 E
Action by Governments" {" q" N6 a4 c! O; k/ O- c
92. Domestic embargo: }9 P. Q. K3 P' ~( H( U' a; B
93. Blacklisting of traders
. u/ y- z2 O3 l8 a 94. International sellers’ embargo
* o' }9 ~7 z; P$ o& Z9 M# Y 95. International buyers’ embargo+ R' r* I' k+ t' g' a! t
96. International trade embargo M- \. s9 n1 o# w6 e: T' K# |- l
+ K* H# |' U* z5 ?) F" n
# c: e3 _4 y3 w; S! M( w9 c$ m; z% I* q
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE. O& b8 r2 k$ L3 j' |- d
. i4 `: C& O% I$ B5 }! g+ U' F) s% s1 g 3 T* D' t* @9 a! n0 _+ e( P0 [
Symbolic Strikes2 H P' O" Z1 z, I J" d5 y
97. Protest strike
- U% U9 E' U: @# B0 V: Z2 C 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)- o) o. f! [: w" ^
2 b6 n/ ~# f6 W0 r5 ^; D
Agricultural Strikes
$ i* V6 ]! S% n& \1 v 99. Peasant strike: Q0 Q6 {6 ^1 }7 Y4 d9 O
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ \1 }( s8 P, u, M
. [6 k' v8 c7 ?+ a
Strikes by Special Groups( U% n( O9 |3 K( E5 c3 \: x
101. Refusal of impressed labor( ]0 {2 w, l. j3 u: C& _: X! [
102. Prisoners’ strike
% ~, o6 m' s. S- }3 P0 y+ t 103. Craft strike- Y1 F) w. z# k! G# ?! N5 w/ A& r6 X' T$ z
104. Professional strike& s/ J' _" h: I; K
0 g8 t7 B; Z+ p) u+ lOrdinary Industrial Strikes6 s) G( p5 a+ e7 |/ ^( Q1 t
105. Establishment strike
" F4 g/ m+ I) X0 ^ 106. Industry strike$ t N( l5 E, @3 D* s; g
107. Sympathetic strike
- b7 ~7 r. ?2 W+ G, z8 c/ `) ?
9 I' E2 M0 M6 @; x9 A4 n+ kRestricted Strikes) I: V: t( {) I% i7 `/ I, I$ {
108. Detailed strike. U( T8 Z' Z' N. k. F/ E
109. Bumper strike* a) k3 x- V" ]
110. Slowdown strike
' L$ @* U6 ~( W: G& g- I 111. Working-to-rule strike9 T0 H& f W2 t! A5 x; k
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
7 D7 R* ?* f2 j5 Y 113. Strike by resignation
4 \( b2 d/ Q/ ]0 u 114. Limited strike q1 U5 G2 p. A4 p2 K- i7 N0 {
115. Selective strike
% @: V8 X: m" ?- r) N6 v8 i, P7 o! K- V
Multi-Industry Strikes
m3 d( E6 @. H2 N/ I% x* h- l
5 u6 ]5 N3 t. O. P/ e$ ?0 O 116. Generalized strike1 @# l2 I8 n. c
! [1 [' f; Z( s5 B5 R" @9 i* g# E [
117. General strike7 x( i; M7 {5 c) A e
; \* u# A3 x$ K; H: zCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- R! T8 n: _9 [+ ^+ m2 G! n9 G u: W1 R/ t$ t3 m9 p- O
118. Hartal- n) ?1 m- `: [) J( S5 g6 j
3 @5 P5 Q- V7 G) C; r' _, ^$ V# a 119. Economic shutdown, F' A" n4 H6 e9 @/ e
# a# ?+ w z7 T/ e3 H
+ V* L! b ~' [& n% u- I1 [& A% Q' t" W& y
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
" D( G" l# ^. G1 ?% D0 [$ I/ Z" p( r J! _+ c) P3 g& M
' f Q" b. q3 L: v
Rejection of Authority/ _: s' U6 C/ f1 o! X' ]
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& U. @8 _8 R$ a- Q5 r 121. Refusal of public support) ^ v0 R) E/ k. J" l
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
# _7 b1 g1 |+ {3 w$ |, L! W, I: X
1 R8 @( u# `6 J- N" i0 T7 u1 l' J) tCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government, U4 q' }4 ~1 X) Y ^5 U
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
' p$ c1 @$ u* O 124. Boycott of elections/ y! K! e' s S
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
4 ]! c5 y4 }- W0 f$ Z6 H 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; W4 n" Y7 X/ ~0 ^ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% K6 i) ~9 u0 }$ W% n. R3 L
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations: @8 w6 w7 Z$ C3 W; c( i
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& o0 h8 B) H1 u G 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- B/ Q. C6 I2 I/ t9 x( W. f 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. t0 w9 N' H" g- r 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
; Y6 ^7 D3 n( E, M: D! G# M
" K* y) O9 @; x! Q4 x* Z8 ZCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 p/ R$ O# P, @& D" o* J
133. Reluctant and slow compliance+ Y, e; L4 G0 ?1 H; u
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision8 e- Y9 P4 Y; w% l
135. Popular nonobedience
( \! w4 m: c: t$ o& P+ { 136. Disguised disobedience* O) H z) Z3 \
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 X. }$ p- E" W# L5 I, a1 m 138. Sitdown
* Z6 K7 b: ?9 g( M& N 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ ?! C$ s8 _/ D2 T$ Y: q6 E+ S2 S2 m g
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities) {& a0 w( O- n4 T8 r4 p) H7 x
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
% I3 V. v: N d3 i
7 h$ K, o6 G/ |- NAction by Government Personnel
& a7 {# ^: V2 F5 o, d' s 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" m& J" f- C' e: g/ M 143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ u" D0 ? ?( I$ w2 M! a0 ~5 s' X
144. Stalling and obstruction
- o0 V& y# U: u | N 145. General administrative noncooperation
# P5 _9 `1 {2 F" @( L$ I9 J S% l5 @+ D
146. Judicial noncooperation3 N% X3 c G ]. {0 [1 `0 x
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents$ H' [( B! B+ s+ }
148. Mutiny' o/ R" o8 j' ^" B! A2 [
Domestic Governmental Action8 } {, J1 u k+ P9 h
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays# s+ o2 g. o- r# H
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' C: r! R' z. w2 M
* `; }. i* \; E9 p2 I* GInternational Governmental Action7 w6 \2 I: v. T5 F3 ?0 P9 u9 `
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations) }) N9 t4 \* z/ k
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 n) W" _. U8 [. z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) ^; Y) ~" O* M! B6 |' e8 V; x7 r7 E
154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 L9 f% O4 E3 \4 S
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% ?) m0 J: D$ G3 V+ I6 b+ i% D 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ B+ B' S# Q! r( p, ?6 c 157. Expulsion from international organizations
$ a, l' H6 R% C9 M8 A0 ~
# W7 P5 Z0 d$ ?/ y2 X
+ Q( G( N. e$ l, l/ U
5 @. H! F" e1 K2 }THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
6 M+ A3 b' T% @5 {! ?; [$ u9 X# R
6 l9 o E7 l) L5 Z- [
r9 `# A% g) t+ V" H9 o X- nPsychological Intervention
+ l/ G4 N" q( [2 T% C6 c 158. Self-exposure to the elements: S7 H9 D) W8 g0 p2 ]0 X1 e7 A
159. The fast; b6 a2 b6 d3 C( P/ ^+ Y- |% H
a) Fast of moral pressure
4 W' a, r; p1 K! M3 F) L b) Hunger strike
- K1 z/ ~: e6 w0 V' Q/ l3 L& j* v c) Satyagrahic fast/ H9 d- M+ D) D, D b5 E2 O$ s. P
160. Reverse trial
$ F1 R p* Y$ R2 r! a% w( | 161. Nonviolent harassment
% ~; t, P- N! i+ i3 \0 A6 Q' h/ o2 F
Physical Intervention' r* V) |! ?* t3 L" [& F. b0 t8 R
162. Sit-in6 T2 r2 @" b5 M6 \
163. Stand-in2 J4 z6 T3 ]% w: [# ^% d. d0 d' J7 i
164. Ride-in
* Y& d$ H6 F: _2 E2 D) b 165. Wade-in
' ?4 x3 `. f; {4 t- E& w 166. Mill-in
j$ J5 q, P) J2 X 167. Pray-in
3 Y' `2 s$ ~( B4 v* P 168. Nonviolent raids5 G7 p( m/ _: j9 G) ^# |
169. Nonviolent air raids
1 j( w, K3 ]: i5 r0 z 170. Nonviolent invasion
3 D5 N& h1 [; b" D 171. Nonviolent interjection
$ i S$ ^' d' G- R& h' c 172. Nonviolent obstruction6 h6 m' t0 M0 E" w( z
173. Nonviolent occupation
8 A! U: c' y! i2 E4 z+ U6 t8 m9 _: P. j& }' M
Social Intervention
, n( X; `0 _) G7 C% Z0 [8 ] 174. Establishing new social patterns- J, r& m+ E: ]: l* v ]
175. Overloading of facilities0 ^2 K. C8 z: l6 M
176. Stall-in
, T! u7 G! w% o) p4 w! N: K 177. Speak-in
, _+ ^: v5 {/ ], L6 \3 I7 N( ] 178. Guerrilla theater' v: s$ ^+ t/ c
179. Alternative social institutions
4 e& D, J; K) S, _& K; s 180. Alternative communication system* t- H6 ~% X4 d) \
# g$ }' a6 N- V; R3 ]
Economic Intervention
. r# w( h( m& B3 V% p5 F; r" { 181. Reverse strike$ |1 S3 f, v n/ [% D* G
182. Stay-in strike
# Y; m9 H2 V2 x9 |3 D( R 183. Nonviolent land seizure) j; W1 o0 s8 ~* C/ Y9 z: l: W
184. Defiance of blockades
) o. a" ?( |3 |, m, e5 D& L 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
+ N+ X/ r$ R) v9 i ?/ @ 186. Preclusive purchasing& s) Q! x Z u( I
187. Seizure of assets" ?8 {# n# v! v! ~' z
188. Dumping3 R' M$ ^" k3 k2 W
189. Selective patronage
( I6 g3 `( x P$ Q& l; v 190. Alternative markets
8 h3 f5 l( t* \5 B 191. Alternative transportation systems
6 @. _' V0 [+ a6 l1 E 192. Alternative economic institutions1 h1 l+ T" l4 \
1 t3 ]1 p3 t: \( T" s qPolitical Intervention! m, v: G& k8 [1 L; T9 s! f
193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 w' t1 A) p- @4 r# _ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ C9 J# [% E7 F
195. Seeking imprisonment8 o7 q/ c. Z3 W, z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 c1 ^) H9 M Y0 ^. ? 197. Work-on without collaboration
- q" \. c/ B. p% c! b2 { 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
7 l- ?# E/ ?/ E; ~
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
