 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 l! d. ~% _* J* J
Formal Statements
6 g% f% b9 }* U! _8 I 1. Public Speeches
8 `0 `$ c# o7 v 2. Letters of opposition or support. e+ X. P$ h+ |
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 Q+ j# B, _4 ?7 U3 Z1 x 4. Signed public statements& G" g# I7 L* F5 @) @1 u
5. Declarations of indictment and intention; F' {' | v0 c9 R# I
6. Group or mass petitions
5 {/ ]; y3 C2 p" a
& l" |6 v- s, K; WCommunications with a Wider Audience7 u7 _7 |8 |* F
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
' r( n9 q* B" |/ e 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications6 O7 _/ i1 h" q" I m5 U( c" L! @3 U9 [
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ A, R+ g4 R) J2 o
10. Newspapers and journals6 e0 \2 g6 Y; ^- G. C
11. Records, radio, and television. p) f5 C* g( x* L7 X0 m0 M! M
12. Skywriting and earthwriting( w" e5 Q; w; g$ N' u
! B, R, G( |* M6 M& \
Group Representations
, j2 c2 y" R* e' h _ 13. Deputations5 _8 k0 A' u: S1 Z( \& R+ V# f
14. Mock awards
5 I" b/ q% p, s% ` 15. Group lobbying- T- d4 g+ W0 x# ]
16. Picketing
+ H% q& u9 [: Z* s9 Q! U# g/ c! S 17. Mock elections( r1 @. Q5 U6 [4 ^0 F/ `. e
8 T" B3 v: [9 T% N1 n9 s- @
Symbolic Public Acts: I) S3 M6 K' _+ E* H5 L+ i6 c
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 ^: l$ j/ H0 A' W Q: _/ l# N9 \. J 19. Wearing of symbols/ w) C d$ P$ j' R) W6 P
20. Prayer and worship- j' W/ E. {: D+ R0 J
21. Delivering symbolic objects6 c# K- U1 N2 ~+ M
22. Protest disrobings" R' m1 `) f+ [
23. Destruction of own property
: F7 i5 i+ Y% x) f3 m 24. Symbolic lights6 a% X4 f6 b" q) b3 G+ c
25. Displays of portraits8 {1 l, N1 @0 M, \
26. Paint as protest
/ u' n% T; V5 E/ D* f 27. New signs and names
* k R/ \3 L3 b1 w& U6 A 28. Symbolic sounds
5 c; T# ~! v; w& N5 ? 29. Symbolic reclamations6 Z* X$ w9 B: p$ n q; w: X# H
30. Rude gestures
1 ] ]" G& f8 C; F
+ q* T6 ]9 G, oPressures on Individuals
. M3 F7 A6 P+ j 31. “Haunting” officials
) o3 k2 |2 N3 u3 f# X 32. Taunting officials
; }, v+ b* E7 E& a 33. Fraternization
3 L6 o! o) o" D, Q 34. Vigils" [ i v, n( a+ ^' Q
2 F5 \1 h" n& X' ^% R# T0 t# ~
Drama and Music
5 N# k0 J% i0 } 35. Humorous skits and pranks- {, L. A6 g+ l6 t A) @
36. Performances of plays and music: F/ }5 b) D1 o
37. Singing
& n: ^1 `4 g5 e& [; _& J7 S; P# N0 N- ]' c6 Q
Processions( [& Z/ e. G1 D- M" g
38. Marches$ N5 V" w! A2 f" S% H9 M
39. Parades& T/ Y2 X( S) l& U. R2 [- ]
40. Religious processions
7 @; a9 y: H. E 41. Pilgrimages2 G& N+ x1 `# u- G' m, h
42. Motorcades0 j& L Z# Y! q# E
; J+ Z- h1 C6 \/ y% M* yHonoring the Dead) M* A1 ~. ]$ W) ~, h- }
43. Political mourning
5 A. a6 Q z. N( A/ E 44. Mock funerals" y/ D8 k2 }/ H6 B i7 C
45. Demonstrative funerals; F( n2 } q) N, |" @; P) D$ b9 j
46. Homage at burial places9 x0 a* ]; G& T/ C0 Y6 o
; R' s. `; Y+ V( g; ^* P
Public Assemblies
% P' L2 c. R4 { A 47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 Z1 \: O1 t/ t/ h3 e; Q 48. Protest meetings
" S* a) I8 o4 d5 b* b 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: v2 q: e" q; B 50. Teach-ins+ ~0 |% C" C: C3 n$ C- k3 d! U* l
: o4 `7 d6 G" z/ h
Withdrawal and Renunciation _6 L0 M2 b* S: I7 |
51. Walk-outs
: A* X4 F# d" I* _/ G# s- D6 ^$ l 52. Silence# o! \9 i: K: Y5 S( j& {
53. Renouncing honors
0 @$ U& b! b& U- n0 K 54. Turning one’s back
& }! B2 U, k: O( t x
& S) p6 d8 Z: T7 ?
% S' S( V! @# H
- j$ @& x4 i+ P( }. d. d* OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION R! W/ n! N7 B R+ e: x
o9 L' c- F9 u# s
7 i# Y x8 Y5 P$ v/ D% B
0 v$ R: E5 w8 f# z
Ostracism of Persons- C U; b7 |: W3 A$ ?5 I* i# u
55. Social boycott, F0 g( Q: _0 {* `! S9 {. p
56. Selective social boycott* e. w4 w t* e
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 q0 X$ z6 s/ H& `5 ^ 58. Excommunication
" E! Q$ \9 @2 I/ R8 Y W% d$ D 59. Interdict
- A: W" ?5 E# L9 A% P: J
0 E, C9 O+ D" Y- QNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# x$ a& o2 {7 o, Z- i
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( C1 o2 i7 [+ m/ }, j. ~: g 61. Boycott of social affairs" [7 j4 Y, O" f* e" ]
62. Student strike7 m# g+ E+ v3 U4 ]& f! _
63. Social disobedience
4 S% a$ {6 x8 Z! W. _( o+ a) ^, X: r% h# O 64. Withdrawal from social institutions6 H! \3 E2 y2 _6 \: T
' m6 t3 w3 e, \) Z8 gWithdrawal from the Social System$ R1 ^( [/ U& g6 f/ W+ C
65. Stay-at-home
: T1 t3 V! S7 j# f 66. Total personal noncooperation8 s! L; R, L. p4 f' A- d. q- H
67. “Flight” of workers% S9 m& w0 S' W" j
68. Sanctuary5 s* f$ K' [6 F- H
69. Collective disappearance9 x4 F8 p+ Q1 d- I" M. X
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 t2 Z$ e1 V6 ~) |- i- V; f
3 |7 Y# b/ [. P + z3 L5 F! n6 z# r5 ^
6 T9 x( k+ ?5 k, U f3 `, zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS4 h3 I$ h% ?9 [( b4 B) _6 B
3 d, S& b8 \9 }+ u
9 N* E Y6 ~, p! T$ [! OActions by Consumers! y' h0 \+ R* K/ u$ x8 u
71. Consumers’ boycott
5 A5 r. C- t: x 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: I+ a+ _- E2 f2 n 73. Policy of austerity
# {4 X/ x) |8 K' c; [- \3 @ 74. Rent withholding
0 g' Q" y, {* Q* ^% v7 } 75. Refusal to rent
9 B" I# N$ v4 t. f" { 76. National consumers’ boycott
% `: @# C' s. q4 w* j) D6 C. Z 77. International consumers’ boycott4 D6 m3 t6 C( ^ N9 h
3 e+ O! n6 V2 ~Action by Workers and Producers
1 i& {2 I3 }" j3 a- z6 X/ Q: _ 78. Workmen’s boycott n6 C Z/ G' Q% f( o
79. Producers’ boycott
1 h3 ~0 M9 \- m5 r4 f/ i. G$ H- T5 {
Action by Middlemen
! S/ n' Y% G. {9 \ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% f: t+ W8 X7 A. Y* K
% P* I, q& ^2 ^0 L5 n6 [1 XAction by Owners and Management
2 J6 a% H, g$ \8 F p% [ 81. Traders’ boycott6 {, n9 E, P6 ^. x/ {. G
82. Refusal to let or sell property9 S4 S, l- v) _1 ^: ?; D
83. Lockout0 k5 x* m1 X6 H7 _; A/ k7 H) x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
/ {/ `( m2 [8 s1 Q' A+ @' \8 i 85. Merchants’ “general strike”# [2 g9 E2 h% |6 M# Q$ W6 M9 O
7 C8 H( X' v" L1 O' E- gAction by Holders of Financial Resources
9 a0 S8 A7 }6 Y4 f5 t& K% N: l 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% C- o& x& ^9 A* \8 e. s8 N0 a2 q
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ }$ }% S, r7 w: `
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ g3 C: p3 c, J9 K8 G4 r" { 89. Severance of funds and credit& ` V- _& \, x0 e9 e. m- U
90. Revenue refusal, T, B4 @. T. I y2 J0 H$ ?
91. Refusal of a government’s money
# B& C1 @9 J8 p. F0 ?2 m
4 h7 j+ f, r& V0 ?+ [3 qAction by Governments- ` C. o1 Q$ |+ l! n7 k" y
92. Domestic embargo8 Z( E g. c, V. W7 Q% n
93. Blacklisting of traders
$ D2 n1 C: t& l+ I 94. International sellers’ embargo, O+ |2 w3 t- d# `
95. International buyers’ embargo
" S- C9 ^+ r0 T! Q8 a7 W: O 96. International trade embargo
3 h( X) D5 ~$ e, J2 b* X% _& n2 i @- t
; i2 I3 O, b; g9 _7 T3 j+ A. x" j- | l: u5 w+ p; W6 P. N
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
. D! U; \) q) F( l( _
4 f; f5 _4 z0 u: [- u- Q3 P 6 ~# X) ~7 L7 O" P, f
Symbolic Strikes
# w2 W$ {& F- T' k9 u 97. Protest strike+ d2 X/ x( ^' g+ D/ q- g
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 ]& ]8 a! n6 u6 S# h
8 ?* j G& K" _0 v3 @Agricultural Strikes
& t: k' g# J& Z" G; R2 _! I: F 99. Peasant strike8 j- j% ^' B; Z( O, v
100. Farm Workers’ strike ~$ Q: l( U4 w: }, Q
3 }/ C0 S) X& h( {$ t$ X( y7 P+ ]6 iStrikes by Special Groups
5 u* `9 @% u- l/ _* `' X 101. Refusal of impressed labor8 i) M+ @, f. p3 S* z& Q& ]: I* N \
102. Prisoners’ strike
1 b) l2 Q f9 Y h, X 103. Craft strike5 R$ h" K" t _. V6 J/ o0 C" j
104. Professional strike
9 l( \8 h; X2 R. a2 ]. U8 c% |5 G& y
Ordinary Industrial Strikes0 h3 w7 K. a" l( ~5 s& H$ [
105. Establishment strike
3 d" r7 }, B4 { 106. Industry strike
8 l& l. t8 I% I; C4 `, U 107. Sympathetic strike* ], Z1 Z( ] Z8 K( D8 u5 U- Q! U- n* N
8 c. l5 `+ n, f1 H% L9 v+ n& q* m
Restricted Strikes5 h: p9 ~8 o( c% Q$ Y7 M3 Y5 Y
108. Detailed strike
; l& b% O2 e0 D5 H! d. b; V 109. Bumper strike
* R* q5 x" i8 B 110. Slowdown strike1 n/ m) U; \! ]+ v4 c
111. Working-to-rule strike- B; I- d, G3 g0 B' ^9 J ]+ m* P& F
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: E& D, v2 O: j# k; {5 ^ 113. Strike by resignation0 A% d7 P! ]9 [
114. Limited strike% ]: @; f8 m1 E' F+ |1 r9 h
115. Selective strike0 B6 V+ y( R) ]/ @, ^0 i
) Q0 w; p) \' y# h
Multi-Industry Strikes
8 P' R t9 h6 m6 E* b& \+ `$ Y- \: d/ s
116. Generalized strike) D( { z W' v4 i: u5 w" X; \
$ R+ K/ J& H/ {5 g# t) | 117. General strike
! e6 T' t G; P- `0 j- s. E2 J% w1 E$ @ W
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
: x/ e( e8 [$ X% j+ W+ S5 n9 w0 I+ v* o+ _
118. Hartal' f2 J8 I5 T& B! o) A
% l$ Y/ Y- Q5 h, Q/ F- Y# B% @ 119. Economic shutdown
( ~) j( y' ^7 I; C6 y% Y& F4 Q" m8 p( m6 S
' A( O: ~+ F! a* G* A6 | c# y
' [8 a/ u" X, @* ]( s; Q' K" b1 @& @
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
) e+ U* i r$ E. f" \7 d& c/ J* i+ N) |. U* R& I
% ~) ~: V: ~9 J' l7 h1 _0 zRejection of Authority6 T. z: y- P1 b& T+ x
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- e9 h- m$ l- ~+ ^9 r# d7 H; t4 c
121. Refusal of public support
/ J' r8 Q8 ~: ?- i; @( x7 P; V* C 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 S! I3 Y- U0 t! Q A2 }% _0 Y7 g% c( v0 [+ ]
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 N7 ]+ ]! I6 `% t, r4 H0 L
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
3 y% A! Q9 J) |7 ~# } 124. Boycott of elections
. o" B0 J, d% [5 p7 j4 Q6 s 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 `) |/ C2 Q/ C9 B7 x" C2 t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 ^' `4 a: F3 g5 M& D, v: x8 T3 Q; u 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions* a. L( o! x+ H# b# r! t$ \
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; r% G# o3 t+ L- A4 \! H6 O 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
2 M) _: w. ? X, K p E 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& @- P" E+ R, }" y {
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 i5 d8 C3 f1 D0 w2 w1 H/ ^4 d; I/ q
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ O& l% s7 S0 Z, E
1 Z: U! H& ]% u/ Z/ v, wCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& B2 K9 J6 w2 O$ t2 h* e# D0 ]
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
; ]9 Q1 K; ^" ^ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
2 `, e/ C6 P4 k/ u6 X1 R# Y 135. Popular nonobedience" v3 d, h0 Q) L
136. Disguised disobedience9 a' u8 q" w; Y0 K; q* x
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
5 H& Z) x0 a! A- h& [! T 138. Sitdown: s! \# ~3 C/ |' H o
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" p4 H; o1 H4 e7 t; j
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! `- B1 M: ?& D6 y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
# l p2 K9 t9 |" s6 t0 U0 H, z; U2 H/ x' q
Action by Government Personnel
; Q# ? Y. V' } 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides! A0 ?5 l3 y- G0 q/ d
143. Blocking of lines of command and information- L, H! u: j y5 m& y5 G7 E- F
144. Stalling and obstruction. i" ]3 c, Y2 n9 `5 M# j0 I
145. General administrative noncooperation
! T, r4 ?; V$ d8 I+ \+ |3 p2 k/ q+ U& E0 H- G$ k
146. Judicial noncooperation
1 ]0 W/ @* m5 |8 M 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents3 G! C6 H+ Y& f8 z: s
148. Mutiny
' |/ B1 k, m; Q& W) m4 L! zDomestic Governmental Action4 E( u. x3 q# E! I% S
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 V: O6 v7 r& K4 E7 G9 I 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 Y+ ?+ e" c! {" q1 r
; G6 m9 k6 I0 {) } n* Q$ RInternational Governmental Action
, ^2 \* T; m j# L1 @, R 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; V% q$ y$ e! B6 ^" W. f 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
1 E1 ^2 U# `9 Q/ W 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
4 ?5 O4 h1 A" W 154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ r/ h+ W4 j' c# B
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. _) W" z) d2 F g9 M7 X& z( ] 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies' ? E5 ~6 b3 e4 [; V+ e C
157. Expulsion from international organizations
. q, Q0 k5 I3 z' n
) n' ] C' ~% i5 a! J/ b) Y
. a, c. I% |8 M, p( v
7 e9 Z' Y1 i. n- xTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
* h" X5 N( F2 u# e) ~6 ^6 a/ N2 t0 M2 Y$ |3 A2 k! ]
4 u( B+ K% |/ c" \* i3 q- c9 ?) _
Psychological Intervention
% F1 T9 x, Y/ s: o 158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 E/ x+ `$ \( `- [$ e 159. The fast9 R. x9 W- ?. B! R
a) Fast of moral pressure/ g/ Z/ k2 l, t( ^; j: c2 e
b) Hunger strike
8 u5 E6 ?, k. W3 B* b& Z* a c) Satyagrahic fast
# v( j y% H: [! q# T. s$ b0 f5 T 160. Reverse trial; u3 j, l5 P9 d% o" [# o3 E# F
161. Nonviolent harassment, D7 n' S* v& d; ^2 Z4 D4 @
$ P" S, s- l7 wPhysical Intervention d9 \# k9 |! }7 q3 O# o
162. Sit-in" V4 s7 ?" x7 e9 a
163. Stand-in
( h/ z; ]' }* f7 K% i 164. Ride-in
/ \8 u1 w# C, D( s 165. Wade-in: \9 q5 Y) ] i9 W
166. Mill-in
4 R) ]* R- D3 b! s# K0 Y# V; f 167. Pray-in
$ Z* @ E2 c! c1 S; Z 168. Nonviolent raids
% i7 J) E# ~$ p. P7 T 169. Nonviolent air raids
' T% N3 Q9 @2 H, C) V& Q- T4 f: I 170. Nonviolent invasion
& g1 ?/ z# d i 171. Nonviolent interjection
9 w+ ]( f2 T- C. f y; I4 g 172. Nonviolent obstruction
' H9 i9 E3 w+ C 173. Nonviolent occupation: I' g) t0 H" m b/ G
9 ~- t% ~7 O$ s! B% V& U9 m7 ~
Social Intervention
5 d, I6 R2 l$ }- k 174. Establishing new social patterns$ K. V) v+ o- K
175. Overloading of facilities/ I) H j7 b2 H) J$ g* j. _% D
176. Stall-in
- F5 d4 u9 F9 V' ^ 177. Speak-in6 X" h+ D2 I; D0 a
178. Guerrilla theater" Y; @1 ?+ b( q/ P u8 ~) n1 f
179. Alternative social institutions4 [3 W3 ?+ n' O
180. Alternative communication system
+ y& V0 g' q, Z, V9 ~
- p3 G( I3 w8 j8 X+ zEconomic Intervention) `) l) o9 F2 R
181. Reverse strike
; ~3 k5 P: U: v0 h5 } 182. Stay-in strike
" E$ Z4 U: \ Z$ ^. _7 B! i 183. Nonviolent land seizure
# t6 F6 V2 t# G( m$ c 184. Defiance of blockades
7 X" s K2 I2 E/ h 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: P4 u8 A% \7 c4 m1 t* l! H 186. Preclusive purchasing
; r9 E O. b6 J5 C& R" x 187. Seizure of assets
3 _0 t5 H5 A% c 188. Dumping' q; z/ u. t& a# \- {' c! B1 G
189. Selective patronage" Z5 C+ N2 w d' j# E8 @
190. Alternative markets, h6 b# w, N- t' E: Z) \
191. Alternative transportation systems: W; l' @4 u+ u
192. Alternative economic institutions
9 h; p( P/ q: @8 ]- V" G4 \; q1 A* O* a
Political Intervention1 J: L4 o/ S0 o' y) c" J2 v1 D* o
193. Overloading of administrative systems. W- U* C9 Q5 W
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents( ^* s# T3 J- w
195. Seeking imprisonment2 Q1 w0 ^ ?$ r5 ^
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws9 u$ V0 K. ^4 b- C
197. Work-on without collaboration
/ x. i: F" |. z3 d8 P* c 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
; G, w5 X0 g0 G; Q6 R; u- L" a. Q5 t0 S- w9 O
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
