 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION2 k; t. K4 V/ M) _
Formal Statements x- H x# u8 Q* Q3 W5 i
1. Public Speeches: `- N, C+ k6 ]. N z* \3 j
2. Letters of opposition or support% }9 s5 G, r! O& `
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( \1 N. b! q# @1 M$ d1 z/ e
4. Signed public statements/ k1 M3 b7 c, p/ p7 Y n6 j
5. Declarations of indictment and intention+ C. U0 l4 ^5 a' w/ f `
6. Group or mass petitions0 D8 @1 F3 o& J7 B& u( w9 f; E$ M
( }9 ` n: t; d3 ^0 m' Y+ J
Communications with a Wider Audience
3 X- r H; P+ e4 L; k# s 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
( T8 J7 d# _ \) \% o 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
9 j- y6 Y8 ]! a 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
/ J q+ d* W0 o3 t 10. Newspapers and journals
8 P0 C3 _- _6 o 11. Records, radio, and television& R2 V( {' ~% w; D- }
12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ V, x% d1 v# k* c" ~4 Y
6 g! E4 S* X7 ^1 [- _# d, W
Group Representations: p9 d5 ]% _& Y5 `
13. Deputations
& |* a7 s$ _0 X, _0 [& Q8 ^ 14. Mock awards1 P1 y6 \ { h. I
15. Group lobbying# @8 U8 `( E1 s* ?" Z( z
16. Picketing% A4 q1 \# F) w4 A a9 N4 Z$ p
17. Mock elections5 P! O u# t$ Z( z8 X) S/ G
$ b' W3 `# |2 O1 Y4 ?0 a0 b
Symbolic Public Acts5 `$ {: J7 W" x y/ ?# s9 E$ J
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors9 a$ k D8 l: z/ O, E" E; \
19. Wearing of symbols. m8 ~0 q, Y# j1 N3 H
20. Prayer and worship
. R- j/ k7 H7 M9 { 21. Delivering symbolic objects' e8 H# X; @; i6 p {
22. Protest disrobings) O/ f- f8 }- i1 [2 _' P- m3 C* W
23. Destruction of own property
; b6 }' W' s1 l4 f 24. Symbolic lights
. [& e: d+ v6 K, z# l 25. Displays of portraits* d; s( N: F% i
26. Paint as protest& T8 V* o1 s+ `9 F3 x9 p6 k
27. New signs and names! u- L8 s, m# P' P3 f9 ]- i9 x- M
28. Symbolic sounds
0 C, S/ x o1 [ 29. Symbolic reclamations8 I" y) n( ?& r7 h
30. Rude gestures# O: x8 L8 ~; `, _7 e$ t
: ]+ V1 D, j) G8 n# ^/ Y. Q5 y2 ]Pressures on Individuals
* d' _* r2 _ ?2 | 31. “Haunting” officials) L9 h- \1 Q4 I& f" y5 ~8 x
32. Taunting officials
9 F) t9 Z# Z8 l9 q; g5 \, M7 D 33. Fraternization6 q! \& Z1 A. B9 B+ e
34. Vigils) \/ |7 W& w4 F" T/ |! x
* K( h6 m0 w `Drama and Music- T2 b3 c6 i8 v3 C7 P2 \# j0 s
35. Humorous skits and pranks* J+ z2 t- Y7 S S; }% Z
36. Performances of plays and music0 T$ ?) t$ X( C9 i
37. Singing4 o1 T# d! ?# Z. n+ Y2 s4 V
8 }0 ]: Y7 |$ a6 AProcessions
; K/ H8 g/ R8 X4 c! t! g2 m 38. Marches
1 Z# F( n8 Q8 j8 q: ^. `* m9 l$ K$ r! ? 39. Parades- D. o' s- k; _( C
40. Religious processions
6 X6 C5 C5 M7 F 41. Pilgrimages) x! T- s2 O. j9 i. p( a& c
42. Motorcades
& K( y. b c8 I
. |+ X R& d' uHonoring the Dead/ Q: k# y0 H4 b/ z. O# K J" {
43. Political mourning8 ^5 h$ Z: o- C4 c n# r6 m
44. Mock funerals
! T+ e$ _& e! G* J" z5 | 45. Demonstrative funerals
2 A/ R2 ~ j9 o: P( M8 E2 a 46. Homage at burial places3 d7 E" u0 \( y% Q( \. z0 o/ ]
/ T$ U. W1 \; N* u* }Public Assemblies
9 X6 x3 I# Z/ r/ e5 T3 O 47. Assemblies of protest or support9 _6 T4 z0 `% |% A) s
48. Protest meetings9 A8 d( {+ P% p/ g' F
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ k, X9 V9 n5 q2 e) i
50. Teach-ins5 q/ h) C) ~9 A! `. q% z
( ^# D+ `1 I6 I, C1 g" tWithdrawal and Renunciation: Y7 f3 d4 V& ]0 | j8 X; e2 S- U
51. Walk-outs
8 ?2 h/ l" \: ^( e 52. Silence ^* Q; z; k- _) y7 L1 i
53. Renouncing honors3 h6 _1 ]' Y, h; x4 g; Y9 m
54. Turning one’s back w& f! L8 p9 N6 F
: Z* E" C8 V" I! _9 }- f$ Y
6 s2 e0 ~0 e4 K" V3 t- }6 X
o3 y% q( F w4 I. B. z
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: F/ Q b# `4 z
) O% z8 O; P* R3 |9 Y- ] . J0 ^2 i! ~2 T' }/ \4 t
/ Q. H0 J5 Z/ a. }" O5 F- f$ [& n( Z# f: _
Ostracism of Persons* w& ]* b# t% f
55. Social boycott
6 D+ z/ v( Y) m( m 56. Selective social boycott7 l0 e8 [3 g& B; h9 `) j6 a
57. Lysistratic nonaction
4 f2 `8 A' c G( Q/ _9 {7 C0 R; v g 58. Excommunication; x1 H+ \2 H; s/ Z& Z
59. Interdict/ X0 A6 R1 m1 s1 M
|* ]+ Q9 v4 e& xNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions/ l; [% z2 `1 j( I8 X2 X* A6 x/ V
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
7 }0 A& C. n; @3 u K. r% w 61. Boycott of social affairs6 s8 h$ P+ w# X1 I
62. Student strike
- G' }# A1 `( w3 g' S1 S! u 63. Social disobedience: c/ v9 H$ G! Q6 [$ x. s
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 ~$ S8 q8 P3 {0 [3 I
0 L" m6 Y4 J. s& L0 \7 G4 l( VWithdrawal from the Social System A) @# B5 m, Y8 V( ]( Y/ n
65. Stay-at-home' w: k# Z- ]& c5 z7 H7 g) W G# R
66. Total personal noncooperation0 u" | C8 T# W" c, Y1 b; T+ v# E \7 ^
67. “Flight” of workers
* F" h$ p2 t" Z% e; Q1 a* D 68. Sanctuary8 F! c# ], x/ u: { E; z5 y7 x
69. Collective disappearance
8 Y. k! i: F$ }- l u% s5 ? 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
5 s& A- s' _2 h; y/ [8 B+ Y9 }
+ K& }- w v0 D) r" _
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5 k8 O: x# S0 I8 H0 w. k& VTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS8 i- A: N1 g, u) U5 K
* n; H' F g/ Z
+ y' R/ T: H# N. DActions by Consumers& `: C, L8 V4 E9 h6 A
71. Consumers’ boycott
/ s0 k9 C* R5 }. M; Y" H: P' E 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. s# P' x3 [+ @7 ` l2 F' j# o* `
73. Policy of austerity4 N1 Q3 H: Q9 Q) a6 N3 r$ z
74. Rent withholding5 A1 }' | Z! h9 g& v. O5 D
75. Refusal to rent( V" G9 `/ j; K0 x
76. National consumers’ boycott
$ G: U/ n ?, T ` 77. International consumers’ boycott
5 f" s; W# W, Z: Q: e b# q* P9 X7 G0 p9 _
Action by Workers and Producers
# d8 i# v2 }: |, b$ P6 N7 j D* Z 78. Workmen’s boycott
: U; G8 }% K, s7 C0 R 79. Producers’ boycott
9 c8 M; Q4 h! `. b/ Y' r$ a& `
" A0 R1 R7 G2 {: X; j) OAction by Middlemen# Q) l2 P. N7 \
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott+ W1 B+ j( \$ n+ G% }( z
( \& V1 U% j$ N; @$ RAction by Owners and Management
/ K" n, Z: X6 t+ A- ^ 81. Traders’ boycott; e1 O% @/ g: o4 U
82. Refusal to let or sell property. X' N* d+ k) E" J$ Q) s8 Q9 }& s
83. Lockout; I: [& k: L; X* ]$ f9 n
84. Refusal of industrial assistance& y( x9 B0 W9 c9 v6 x, N
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ e! K: D" T$ t- y
! v5 l; @* c1 h2 g0 {- ]" u+ G. mAction by Holders of Financial Resources
1 o, G, f2 O- Y! I# t$ f! C 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# A: P1 V- Y, s, K( F; v/ W7 w7 A 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) x9 X2 D7 ^/ h4 b
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 d( O3 y% j) p% i2 v3 g. V 89. Severance of funds and credit
* \+ O/ S, k4 \+ w# [ 90. Revenue refusal7 F: V1 Q k7 a, H# L4 L( |" _
91. Refusal of a government’s money- r6 y: M, s" q
+ J `3 \% I& D: EAction by Governments
( Q# U8 J. \7 _4 u$ W, r! b 92. Domestic embargo" a! b2 a5 l- Q
93. Blacklisting of traders
( z5 Y. N3 r. p w! J0 O$ `! ^" W; a 94. International sellers’ embargo+ A }$ ?$ I- t
95. International buyers’ embargo
8 l; Z' S: e7 c 96. International trade embargo$ x8 Q: h3 b1 w3 m
4 \; j, o! n( \ + t d2 s# u# t' i( U; q2 ?
; n9 o0 O0 N) c1 |THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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) }" M+ l5 l. i x% bSymbolic Strikes. S' c# O. V- p8 H1 f! I
97. Protest strike; s2 s: K- Q$ A1 s8 J2 B" n- y! Z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
8 F. a" N% C. t0 Z( k/ M, x3 z" ]+ h6 c* T5 H% {3 c6 E, E7 e; s/ [
Agricultural Strikes" v5 B; ~8 H& v1 u% g
99. Peasant strike
5 k+ b) g3 i! O1 Y C8 ~9 y 100. Farm Workers’ strike
! V& F7 {5 w1 P* _! T5 ]9 E9 q8 w
Strikes by Special Groups
3 b8 d0 k1 }% A5 k# D 101. Refusal of impressed labor
o7 _9 c8 ]* G( ]% [ m& [ 102. Prisoners’ strike
: d4 {& @3 A1 v, V 103. Craft strike
$ f' f9 k$ D, I2 ~6 Q b/ e 104. Professional strike: t, D; r5 B- T8 J+ A
f X/ S$ J5 l/ ~
Ordinary Industrial Strikes, D0 S0 M e) n) s& j8 d, ^
105. Establishment strike
* P5 D8 m& P- m2 {1 }, K5 { 106. Industry strike
9 D* A) u: j; I6 S 107. Sympathetic strike5 R0 k3 N' ?- ~: N/ B4 [1 T
7 |* Y& a" r$ c8 }$ h/ zRestricted Strikes3 m+ ~4 @6 J) q$ f5 V% S5 R
108. Detailed strike
$ P! T* z$ ~4 d- a( T; z" v 109. Bumper strike$ `# j. q* _* X. {+ V8 \% c" Y9 \% i
110. Slowdown strike( L1 i7 w7 U2 S; P: ~- o
111. Working-to-rule strike
( K$ f: }& c# o/ v8 p( g4 z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
T _, E" b `7 M( s 113. Strike by resignation5 Z9 ]# T& E; [2 |
114. Limited strike
( c6 }/ @5 \; n/ y$ K 115. Selective strike7 A7 g2 b: C2 x4 o
5 e8 G+ I- ^* R
Multi-Industry Strikes$ F) r1 p4 A5 j$ P
3 f' d {: d P7 i. U6 t% S
116. Generalized strike) b' Z2 l" N; D h
5 l9 y. _- ^* k& e m% q. I2 t4 X
117. General strike8 B7 K( D$ K7 L6 M1 @7 w
% K n3 J) E) V
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures) X& I% G: x( V, g3 q4 V
; y7 |$ n4 o3 w 118. Hartal" s' {9 C: q0 s8 t5 i# O
: V5 ^! l. z- l! o
119. Economic shutdown
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( f7 Q1 O: c5 I; N9 P( K! RTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 {# h- G! i) U" \7 G
% [1 ~1 w# R# ~& Q7 }. H G$ w# T9 c
1 I( G+ ^ n4 Y3 N& k8 \Rejection of Authority
. `* V! T r" d% e% \ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& e ?( a( D& z8 _
121. Refusal of public support
3 i/ I. E( H$ O( }9 _5 _( |) \ 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
; D$ `% [3 M# b& X( S6 }+ K+ B9 u
( \ j# }% ~5 o# M4 aCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government: L9 i2 Z% r# [ A0 }: j5 ^+ s
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 Y2 Y8 g* ?) S9 K* @ 124. Boycott of elections4 t" }: E/ ?, ~& p( {% L
125. Boycott of government employment and positions' }% `7 K7 Q) X. g$ k: z% E
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 |9 r6 H' _$ W0 ]1 Q! y4 M. b 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions% \! w4 c& ]6 { E9 n' X
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations5 T! M# b: x5 r6 w
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents3 c' w; b/ d( u) |. d
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks! {( u l% m$ H m
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ e1 q; v$ H6 {9 V# d 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions3 l' s- |( R2 \3 s: G
6 m$ V' s; P+ R& z' v% G
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience8 H+ \0 }/ r' F1 i& P' ~
133. Reluctant and slow compliance% }2 Y( ?' ?+ n- O* u3 g
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( m5 k% W3 w1 E. W7 l8 n$ J
135. Popular nonobedience$ \ J! z: z) w; l3 F4 |' j5 A
136. Disguised disobedience/ r9 Z* x: C9 S2 `. k
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: P( Y4 D$ X1 e" o2 d8 I! l 138. Sitdown
; j/ m& n3 S7 Z0 H7 k; P( |3 O& { 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ U" f6 K: Q3 H: f! v& |. e
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
9 o$ v/ ?5 }4 p# N$ M q0 w' O) J 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws" y+ `/ S+ _; Q/ y' L. m' t
# K# g7 b: }9 ~0 j+ n; W, `* Z% |: _2 V
Action by Government Personnel& r7 o" X; ?' T& u5 V
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 N# n; S" v7 r' C1 [$ A& o 143. Blocking of lines of command and information/ l5 g2 x" S. X& k
144. Stalling and obstruction
! _% Z$ s, E. u" w 145. General administrative noncooperation7 K/ o( g; o$ E4 `
+ y4 ~" K B5 `& L+ F 146. Judicial noncooperation
7 |& F: p% `6 k F" {3 { 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ g5 Y$ r1 V$ a# o+ K
148. Mutiny
# Y3 x7 e$ W9 Y# R( ODomestic Governmental Action* \1 o; H! _. i* Z% U6 b: O
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) o% x5 X, _& M- ] j8 S V3 {
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
: t( V- f8 d: m6 G! L1 v8 }, S
7 b e8 l8 w2 y* K7 LInternational Governmental Action/ w6 O; P1 [/ B+ Q1 d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
7 \8 A& O: a$ ~2 O$ p; Y O; s 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% \3 {% \/ c) Z) }6 D) u6 |. x
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition% |; H0 w3 a/ y# `9 O( F0 q! i
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
; r6 i$ Z" [7 G9 a9 z' [3 q8 j 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
. {: y; K9 P% F2 g 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
" [/ l$ m3 h* H/ v* B7 ] 157. Expulsion from international organizations! `% \6 ]! y6 H8 r$ b
5 c2 I! D4 {: U
8 T& `0 [" r ~3 N* F3 L9 {6 ~3 q# n Z# ?- e Z! l
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION! C6 {; k ?* o1 s$ q5 P7 L
. t3 e( k6 d, _, {+ ~ ! x- w3 S {, ]- K# u( x' b
Psychological Intervention+ W6 Q2 K9 v# F9 \, s/ x) c
158. Self-exposure to the elements j2 q$ q9 n$ u% U( k
159. The fast) Q% F9 T3 Y: n+ l0 P5 e0 Z
a) Fast of moral pressure! Z# p6 ?1 \! W, W
b) Hunger strike
8 d$ d3 W" `% [0 D/ X$ A9 j c) Satyagrahic fast1 g; Z. x/ Z: F5 s. [- L# x6 ~2 y, Q
160. Reverse trial& b- l1 x$ E; b8 N
161. Nonviolent harassment9 b& t! Z B2 _
3 A6 `* b( a- YPhysical Intervention
0 ]- J O" h4 ^# J0 S) d 162. Sit-in
) j( Z& v& W7 W5 h 163. Stand-in6 V) p2 e* z/ l! ~4 x- w7 ^. ^
164. Ride-in6 A l) v4 I. P( j
165. Wade-in
5 `0 S/ H p& }+ |- D6 W9 Q( L" v6 ` 166. Mill-in+ F/ x4 [# ^& X5 |5 h2 D4 s% T: e
167. Pray-in9 h; H e. x& x% X0 a
168. Nonviolent raids& e5 r1 K/ g0 \$ K: D
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ W7 ^# _9 @& V0 @! @ 170. Nonviolent invasion) ^& V2 _/ r; h) N b
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 P" Y( p6 T7 `% w 172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 f: ^' p9 Z: y* B# I8 H# T 173. Nonviolent occupation+ w# @/ \$ u$ s! ]$ |* l. ~
$ K$ _8 S! a7 z6 Y2 y4 h- MSocial Intervention0 `& l- \" U8 m; Q$ c! d9 _' z2 }
174. Establishing new social patterns
* A1 ~" ^, x7 P# R6 F! ^1 C# }+ h! c 175. Overloading of facilities7 w! M0 e, ^# |% b
176. Stall-in
3 U1 d+ C+ p1 N: Q8 u# ?* ` 177. Speak-in3 @& {2 `; s1 k0 V* E5 E
178. Guerrilla theater
( Z0 }7 d" U$ n8 b1 e) b 179. Alternative social institutions3 v3 O: K1 F0 P8 p) _+ Y& w/ r
180. Alternative communication system
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3 }# h! U8 H, q) y; AEconomic Intervention) Q+ \* S a: W# ~6 [4 }1 {
181. Reverse strike
, d( @) u! O8 N: ^$ q8 _ 182. Stay-in strike6 H5 e0 I0 \* L
183. Nonviolent land seizure* F2 ^( U' N* n% V% c
184. Defiance of blockades& w% s. U0 s4 {/ V, f( V
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
& w% ~/ }3 R( b" Q& f 186. Preclusive purchasing
$ g$ `% t$ r3 g: x+ a1 m 187. Seizure of assets3 s. v9 ?' ?) p- i1 g" S3 u) }: N
188. Dumping
+ L: _" ?4 n& I3 A8 v, N8 K4 v 189. Selective patronage) Z' U! ]2 E U- p) J+ `8 `
190. Alternative markets
" ? J( D7 ^5 J- O4 y9 I6 i" k 191. Alternative transportation systems
% ?, }3 @% H: @7 V# Z 192. Alternative economic institutions
9 ~6 h( h6 R& n3 y
/ {+ M& V6 J2 ^ H4 ~! a, G, GPolitical Intervention( Y0 a& |" x3 O0 U
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 ?+ g- N" d0 y. ]0 F4 S
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 M }# |& p6 H& |
195. Seeking imprisonment
% K/ p6 K" ]& u4 I: K( e 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
* E z" v/ o: d3 b4 T5 ~ ` 197. Work-on without collaboration! \0 S. Q! y. k( e
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
