 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 ~& C; H1 U+ o
Formal Statements- o) u: ~7 ~7 e8 d" C+ S
1. Public Speeches' u. s3 U& Y3 O% r6 ^
2. Letters of opposition or support2 |% W5 ? ]# T r+ _5 Q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: {- S/ U$ C4 g7 d 4. Signed public statements
8 V" c- S/ E8 E' c 5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 e% a6 S/ G0 T
6. Group or mass petitions6 r S- Z+ \4 e
" _1 C5 J- ?1 S6 L* R9 p0 z
Communications with a Wider Audience
/ G8 T& N3 e( o, W; y 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols6 l% n9 V' M- v- P1 u0 ?
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications$ v4 p/ W" K l. ^/ N* U8 ~' `
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books8 o, g+ j7 ~1 u" B# z, r- [' x# g
10. Newspapers and journals
% I _ J$ o7 l& i 11. Records, radio, and television1 E7 _; `+ l/ A7 |2 K3 k6 |& o9 O
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
! R1 G' s; J# c; f# d4 e/ @7 U* { B. T
Group Representations3 H$ D, @. A5 }7 x7 i5 c
13. Deputations
5 e6 \+ d' R9 d9 u# Y; Z$ I 14. Mock awards
5 t2 G4 U. e+ N1 Q 15. Group lobbying$ I0 S' o+ z& i) {0 {4 F
16. Picketing
- w& J6 E" C3 e 17. Mock elections# T9 N5 M/ C1 I3 S/ E* ?" n- ?9 n- `( g
. ]7 f, J) }! P0 H! p1 f- h7 _Symbolic Public Acts( M" I5 n+ ~8 l6 U9 P
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
' b; R7 R4 I+ L0 Y( K7 { 19. Wearing of symbols% [% W0 T3 z% W( {6 H
20. Prayer and worship Z% }) m4 P1 H) c' M
21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 v$ \) z) _& b% c6 q. ?( d: g 22. Protest disrobings) ^$ S4 G* [; U% U& c" A
23. Destruction of own property n+ D3 ~% W+ x& f3 ^
24. Symbolic lights
: j; Z4 K% p) u" w 25. Displays of portraits
/ M6 K: J: V& t7 k7 L 26. Paint as protest
0 Z& H, R9 q, `( A0 @( y N+ j, X$ V 27. New signs and names
5 ?7 `% y% h& G& S4 C3 h 28. Symbolic sounds
! d/ C0 [; C" b& e, |5 V 29. Symbolic reclamations$ G8 l2 N* m* o4 D3 ~7 k
30. Rude gestures
. h5 M0 S M2 ^2 a6 I+ w( P! d- N! u' e8 Y# N5 e6 _) m: x% N8 x
Pressures on Individuals4 C! g: M# h. [: W% |: ~
31. “Haunting” officials& q |' S7 p/ q; N6 ?
32. Taunting officials& n4 Q; t+ Z1 G9 ~
33. Fraternization
% f; Q9 {7 w1 ^2 G( k) N 34. Vigils
" F1 d$ O' ~$ C2 ?! K
/ e' {7 k: ^% ]0 w! I! U. K9 Q! eDrama and Music/ z" P5 x( g G9 L7 b( {
35. Humorous skits and pranks
* g/ R% f$ t% y 36. Performances of plays and music
c; I4 X3 f, o6 u 37. Singing0 y/ B. x& e* ^; }: G
# J1 O e; V7 g: g2 b+ fProcessions& Z/ p, G9 L) W$ ?# U0 H: Z! j
38. Marches9 {4 m9 b% [$ ]4 b, P) r
39. Parades
2 a" g" f/ w' }) R9 a" d 40. Religious processions4 g$ b* b( C$ S% t# \
41. Pilgrimages. s; {7 I8 r b2 H% s* `" e3 C; D; J
42. Motorcades
7 V1 v9 k2 \8 v# R/ t: o; ?
$ U+ t1 m! S) h8 pHonoring the Dead' c' k/ X; m }
43. Political mourning7 R) }7 x3 H* @$ P
44. Mock funerals3 H9 p+ ^$ g6 ~) m ]
45. Demonstrative funerals
# v. v, k7 K$ c 46. Homage at burial places. r$ V1 J) G" G9 k* N9 p) F2 {1 `
: t3 d2 u; [; K0 Y4 HPublic Assemblies. u! y* }+ m* h) u
47. Assemblies of protest or support( c$ b; E) H" ^4 f1 Y7 H
48. Protest meetings
1 G) z) a! {/ J7 K) r" N7 w 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
# f b: C6 ^) Q2 V& c6 h 50. Teach-ins- v+ c9 Y. b4 f% h7 E% _& I; q
7 A$ l9 ~4 r( X( X8 d NWithdrawal and Renunciation0 A: e6 b1 L4 t
51. Walk-outs# E' F. Y) y$ c! ^, J% d
52. Silence9 |! J& w# l9 ]# Q# x" g' |1 N
53. Renouncing honors
2 L( Y, _% O8 M$ ^% c2 M/ @ 54. Turning one’s back
2 i1 @/ Z c( A- z0 x0 t# [; O0 M& U3 w; S
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$ z8 R0 a8 X! v' I7 V/ G) d' h) m c/ D
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 z6 R& y* D# L7 L6 n+ n- H
& q: P2 H. q. r* O! q) ]
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) T+ z6 l9 Y: ~. i7 M0 qOstracism of Persons
" T7 D8 C0 X4 j4 {# m, c( [" b 55. Social boycott/ L0 ~* G! w6 W$ E! v
56. Selective social boycott
9 g* s" J2 {5 t5 c 57. Lysistratic nonaction
! @" w6 {" }. c \* [8 F 58. Excommunication" \9 S) H& H" g* { L! Y+ g
59. Interdict/ s; R ~% n* y2 n; r! a- e6 b
1 a. [! ]7 i0 C" u0 H; W* ZNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' ]( p- @, ?9 A, A 60. Suspension of social and sports activities% `2 R; L6 | W) S
61. Boycott of social affairs) Q, q8 x4 N$ m+ Y
62. Student strike4 T1 {* q$ ?+ E/ K+ g1 x. u4 z
63. Social disobedience
' D1 m$ L1 R6 ~ `* j; W 64. Withdrawal from social institutions; f! N! `# p+ N0 r5 Z
0 \7 K ]: h, p: U
Withdrawal from the Social System
! A1 ?" i+ _4 H0 [ 65. Stay-at-home
* i/ K' H/ }" @# ]/ n9 N, N 66. Total personal noncooperation' y. B/ h0 P" z, m! J
67. “Flight” of workers
4 N p- m7 N1 h/ x6 ? 68. Sanctuary1 {0 d3 C+ E9 i- Y$ ?+ i! e" r* v8 |3 E
69. Collective disappearance5 t9 {0 H- F* k- D# L
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)7 c2 x/ h6 q1 Z: E' j
* p8 P3 m, D7 a 1 X% ~$ h: X% E3 \% D8 @
8 X% A8 E j8 G: H7 MTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: z6 f6 J; a2 ]$ W& o
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Actions by Consumers( [8 [, z% h% v; ?3 J2 g
71. Consumers’ boycott
- ^: N5 E* K, }0 ?+ `0 c8 k# s% O" f 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 u& n0 R& J7 ~% A
73. Policy of austerity
6 N1 B, m& c! p+ s8 X- n- h8 U: S 74. Rent withholding( q5 ]$ J2 P( q6 R1 w
75. Refusal to rent
8 @' j5 z( ^5 ~/ s0 J 76. National consumers’ boycott0 [; @' k2 U% t3 x
77. International consumers’ boycott- O1 n, X" p: g9 e
7 z4 }- [% t0 h6 N
Action by Workers and Producers- _9 J4 r# a7 ^6 ?1 D: E {
78. Workmen’s boycott1 w8 i! |4 y. o0 Q& B( ?8 [
79. Producers’ boycott
& O" J# \" H4 x+ a( s$ ?1 M5 Q
Action by Middlemen6 |4 R0 F2 M. X
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott7 f4 B- {2 g! z; F$ j8 Z) ]. V
$ g& G0 T: p% g: F- iAction by Owners and Management
: P1 W- ~$ q: V; L( Y0 X* ~4 ^ 81. Traders’ boycott9 P: I2 N C; V9 G
82. Refusal to let or sell property8 b0 y- W1 j/ x
83. Lockout
/ m3 c3 H$ m3 I8 G% u1 b 84. Refusal of industrial assistance* K; G3 t' H; p$ L- q9 P4 t5 y! A
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! F% j8 O$ q& S% e! {/ o; h# `0 J3 c% }6 d' E6 @$ ~- M& s& i
Action by Holders of Financial Resources d9 l+ T9 H7 o$ _# @) T
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits' m, [ ^" i$ j2 q
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
% H4 a: z: j7 e( M3 n6 h5 Z. P* }! p7 a# O) _ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
S. p# b) h ~$ i" X 89. Severance of funds and credit
" G) {' k5 Q; a 90. Revenue refusal7 \ x8 {* N# D( p3 a8 c( E9 y x
91. Refusal of a government’s money
* c5 u( }! h0 B( s- G& D& O/ q0 e% U6 k% [
0 }6 f- t' ?! [+ l- N; ZAction by Governments
) B' Q K( M, t6 v, j 92. Domestic embargo
5 _) U n3 M4 w1 E 93. Blacklisting of traders
5 ]0 z+ J# P* t( X D8 j2 i 94. International sellers’ embargo
& m3 _5 n9 Z# V1 e: }4 L T 95. International buyers’ embargo
* R4 Z. @1 F; o$ \; W 96. International trade embargo
; P7 @& I ?8 N+ o+ }' b# Z& U5 C' ?' }* Q3 g* @4 h( B) ]
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
8 l2 b$ A" s# h. t( R+ k5 V) ]6 A0 m+ W: Y: \4 ^
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Symbolic Strikes) {+ p6 p! k4 A+ I. z
97. Protest strike0 ], W, b( H, F7 Q' ?% ~
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)' i2 N8 b: ^# q5 m" a- ]- M. O
8 P" H; O+ l# ^Agricultural Strikes; d4 |' R+ J' o9 D2 w6 D
99. Peasant strike
! ?1 p2 D. x1 i* W J( k, H 100. Farm Workers’ strike
! ]; ?# {2 A/ ~ M6 |8 L1 G$ G+ c; P, O$ b& a! W. @# f, ]2 K
Strikes by Special Groups
k+ R* c- w0 V 101. Refusal of impressed labor. o) n' A. t$ `- C! U
102. Prisoners’ strike v9 H+ ^% f* B, w( P" {7 b
103. Craft strike
' o9 J+ `7 h. _0 Y) i- v0 U& W 104. Professional strike
$ e& G% e/ _7 Z% j& J- B5 B
6 F# K4 ?- Y; }- @8 _1 l) QOrdinary Industrial Strikes3 h$ U( P1 q. U z
105. Establishment strike/ J! b6 j! ^# W6 C0 e, |
106. Industry strike
0 N' a, _& m% z7 o W9 a! K 107. Sympathetic strike
F, R! o1 }/ Z$ X) s- s4 H4 i+ @+ O) s0 j, ]
Restricted Strikes' F* A- L4 e3 l
108. Detailed strike
1 R4 \+ Z! |0 f. U! f 109. Bumper strike
: q# o9 q. [7 U1 `( Z. V 110. Slowdown strike
$ |% {9 N# t' h+ c! U 111. Working-to-rule strike
7 j' P, `' s) d7 a( C* O& ] 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)4 u- {, C \- L' C
113. Strike by resignation6 u' e. k" W/ S# [9 b/ E" Y; ~
114. Limited strike
% I. J$ ]: R9 c8 f8 |/ \ 115. Selective strike* s6 o; E6 \9 n# N) o
8 B1 [4 l% @) t0 F
Multi-Industry Strikes4 [ _+ Q g2 T- ^% v; `+ F$ H
7 _& [ o2 u, x) B2 Y3 x' D 116. Generalized strike9 e3 I' N' q$ `, y3 ~. Y; q3 V
( w$ |. d) Y! f9 n* N
117. General strike; V: q& L' O5 ?: X: F) _- ?
0 j; t9 o1 r; X9 G& M1 s# j: PCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures" G6 m& K: [4 O1 ^9 k: U* b/ K% e
8 c0 V* A% O; }' P$ R" d! f
118. Hartal# ]+ t7 l3 X6 J
4 Q( ^9 Y1 w" o2 o 119. Economic shutdown' ?8 y9 }) q8 n$ w
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0 {, [1 n; ^5 K: @8 P8 sTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION' F. J7 `- w% x
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Rejection of Authority2 ?! e3 _! n4 Q; l& A' q) {
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 g1 M2 G7 Z2 X9 L# j$ f
121. Refusal of public support
& c- `: n8 s% i d' K7 ?: V 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance# j) R$ G; i4 C7 J
5 x# J0 A- i' O- R% c+ K
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government2 a8 |& Y8 b6 J, M4 B; A
123. Boycott of legislative bodies& F7 G1 f0 q: ^2 k4 C
124. Boycott of elections
9 y$ x/ h6 f) A, \ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& n9 i c ?/ ~! c, @ h3 D" f% U$ S 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 K2 C8 ?) m8 p R- N; _
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions; m3 G! e( y! Z. u
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
# A( F- k2 U7 t4 O 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents- t! i$ h+ W# n+ d$ M6 }
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, G+ }3 A- T& n) h 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, L9 H/ p/ v* n/ C3 P% y 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions) d, k+ A+ R5 O6 O6 q. t0 Q( }9 _+ o! j
7 b- H; [6 V( V; F. _; \6 g
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# r. p U/ H: g7 q: \ 133. Reluctant and slow compliance( C( i( x% I: Y! I9 `* T* S& c4 Z
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; R( D" c2 X9 q; g$ D$ h: Q0 y 135. Popular nonobedience1 g1 S- H2 `5 E5 l2 k
136. Disguised disobedience% h( |9 L7 k: q7 j0 O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 ?6 K) a* x' J# z1 |- y ? 138. Sitdown
) ?9 `' w' }( R7 Z( ?6 B 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 S3 s* T8 {4 i4 c& ^4 y/ c, K 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! R% V: P3 Z% q$ s2 Q/ W: L
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws# P# o b) ]& T3 z# W& \
9 E2 x. N& E2 P& k1 K
Action by Government Personnel2 ?, M5 ~4 k# H& {1 c
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides; D' C S4 `/ V7 t3 m: D
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 }' @1 K, o/ b4 z3 x% C# Q 144. Stalling and obstruction+ h/ M% k5 o7 _
145. General administrative noncooperation
9 I" y* `0 j7 k& }0 J* k" w& @5 q3 I( _) }. j2 h( ~
146. Judicial noncooperation
# N- J$ b, J% `3 P l I. \ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents" J* G7 V3 J7 X/ i; Z
148. Mutiny2 _' \& H* |5 w9 ]
Domestic Governmental Action. L! e, u6 Z W2 w3 I5 E: r/ ~
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 a; o( F- N j2 C0 N( W 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
T! r# G( s; E6 K/ \" P! ~
# x5 q6 I: v' u6 fInternational Governmental Action1 I D, A, g7 q1 F! T( S+ W( O' d
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( c0 c) Z+ O/ C3 ]) ~ N5 A
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events T$ [, \* I w- \' Q- \( L
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 a F4 O: a# ?& `
154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 C9 Q( ]( A& L
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
/ m* j. Q* a# x 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" J$ L0 j9 o6 g4 X
157. Expulsion from international organizations2 v4 J- Q2 c# z- M
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 m( O% b0 |$ @5 W$ R
i. q* F3 J# Z) x
; \9 l9 a2 h' W6 h. `Psychological Intervention
6 Z+ y: l8 ?0 t% W7 O# z 158. Self-exposure to the elements; M7 `4 k6 p1 p* Z# L
159. The fast: ~# d6 \0 F& a8 o$ r) r
a) Fast of moral pressure
9 f5 m" x5 ^ W- R( C b) Hunger strike( c. _9 O$ c) j2 U; V
c) Satyagrahic fast
/ x. e5 v9 p: G1 g' q, | 160. Reverse trial4 c& k3 m8 ^# Q/ H7 T0 e
161. Nonviolent harassment) N' @& i6 |& q. f) W8 _" O# V: r
; |" m6 G* y$ i% l6 Q4 e& }Physical Intervention3 C3 ?0 w6 ^4 N# m% z
162. Sit-in: B O1 }8 r, @
163. Stand-in! l9 `5 v Z$ n8 L3 A* J
164. Ride-in9 t E: `8 T' k2 L
165. Wade-in( g/ ^: l5 O- g- h8 b
166. Mill-in
3 C+ H! y) V/ Y( Y+ X 167. Pray-in
* r% g5 Y! W; M8 ?' j: S+ v 168. Nonviolent raids
4 n/ C7 W$ B7 M 169. Nonviolent air raids
, D; [7 r; z( ]5 _ 170. Nonviolent invasion7 K0 Q# t0 N d" t0 z
171. Nonviolent interjection0 r% E. I8 q; G: t, k( i' w6 M
172. Nonviolent obstruction) s& I* r, `; T& Y
173. Nonviolent occupation8 N# R3 o% T# P
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Social Intervention0 W4 w. c5 f+ k
174. Establishing new social patterns2 u0 y( c* s' d$ y7 k
175. Overloading of facilities5 W8 n, H+ z* j, M7 o
176. Stall-in
" o, {" e. H8 P& c0 L1 w 177. Speak-in
2 _% q# d, [. I. T) P 178. Guerrilla theater; F: A$ _7 l# c: D" e( R7 F0 z4 n
179. Alternative social institutions
2 u: I. ~, X: x9 d/ t* S: q3 v 180. Alternative communication system$ o% V& O, n9 M7 E& ^3 D% L' ^
1 [0 c ?: x! H- G. `Economic Intervention
7 K% J( L% c! F. C! @ 181. Reverse strike
) l( Y2 ^% } q9 i3 o 182. Stay-in strike5 S1 h4 e4 \* F3 a6 U v! Y+ _3 w
183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 j' M5 Z/ j* D$ _4 l9 [ 184. Defiance of blockades9 Q0 |1 ?0 R3 ]! F- A, L d% i( V* P6 b
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting5 l1 x# z6 q; P- i( r. z+ |
186. Preclusive purchasing m0 Y1 P7 H1 G2 w# n' B9 t
187. Seizure of assets
6 q9 D8 ~$ Z+ I 188. Dumping
6 B: S+ W5 f! V9 n: u6 d8 Z% { 189. Selective patronage7 }0 ~/ q' L7 ~ ~7 v" \( E
190. Alternative markets
, C. ]" _' Z7 J; _3 Y+ r9 d/ q 191. Alternative transportation systems
3 V1 @0 l; ?6 W. _ 192. Alternative economic institutions
3 d4 u3 Z8 n8 K' t! L9 W7 c$ F* E2 v+ H
Political Intervention# F6 _# X& C) L+ e0 P- B: @3 p/ q- Z% H
193. Overloading of administrative systems/ O% L6 f& p( d* _, t0 D
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents8 o- r7 o* z" I7 P
195. Seeking imprisonment
' n4 T0 x! C0 e. x: H; J* x$ m0 g 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
0 e; K+ ?( I5 Z; U X 197. Work-on without collaboration
% l- T; D& o1 u% V 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; g- y9 @# {9 D+ o* c" G
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
