 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! C0 L1 r( _' V8 d* m' b
Formal Statements. G, \& H; [* G' Y0 w0 K7 k' }
1. Public Speeches
h k: ?9 p: O2 ]4 t 2. Letters of opposition or support
6 @* G& M, S# e% N 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! W' ?2 h* h" l. e% L+ m) C* t7 y
4. Signed public statements, y8 L7 j4 _5 z: [8 e
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ ^8 ~; Q ?2 _$ X9 | 6. Group or mass petitions8 X, _1 z6 k$ T' x9 H5 u
3 X3 X9 n, e6 g
Communications with a Wider Audience$ i, K) {* a; q( H6 Q$ V/ E+ ]
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols0 \/ N: A$ i; j1 C0 X" s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications8 P% v- C D) }& M; B0 z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books* ~) U- v& u4 L; S2 c0 {
10. Newspapers and journals" D: a" Q% ]* j; U+ ?! D" k9 C; i
11. Records, radio, and television3 c# a% {- H/ \6 i
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ [9 j# s# @) v* I
6 f' }' v0 N& k# j# }' S8 j; `Group Representations
6 y: i+ D y- O( g! } 13. Deputations6 }* c6 R% q. _' c3 }" [3 r- S
14. Mock awards' V6 ^' o# [! \- ~3 ?& r1 e4 w
15. Group lobbying
# T7 @6 k+ W* h0 Y' o: f 16. Picketing
" ~; c' h& Y9 ~. g H% G9 J, n! ] 17. Mock elections
' r7 X6 Z/ i4 A% z3 Y% g
! ?4 g& h) ?! gSymbolic Public Acts
3 `# X& z* t! E7 J! f2 p 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) z5 ?6 S1 ~7 H0 V( G4 s6 p" B( A 19. Wearing of symbols
, X o4 X6 o% d# n. d' q9 S 20. Prayer and worship
" o6 i8 M$ C2 j9 m/ X1 h) G% s 21. Delivering symbolic objects
9 @% n* o/ x3 x2 }2 K# z. U 22. Protest disrobings X. o2 E$ d" u
23. Destruction of own property0 Y+ \8 P( d; y4 K
24. Symbolic lights- O# i( F( Z$ o0 n. z8 l
25. Displays of portraits \0 U0 D) _$ C. B W
26. Paint as protest. t7 R. f! I$ e: u5 m
27. New signs and names! c# z- R" [2 v: _+ O1 }
28. Symbolic sounds5 t0 R4 G8 a! `/ ~
29. Symbolic reclamations! O: D$ a" @ b0 o9 K$ f
30. Rude gestures
+ t7 c; A# u+ E3 G' X1 o: a; o2 L, z
Pressures on Individuals/ s& }$ H! u5 X
31. “Haunting” officials7 B( Z; K# T" o4 B$ u# f8 ?
32. Taunting officials
' \/ a; R, @5 z" c: Y 33. Fraternization
7 J3 `0 e. I# g3 Y- S 34. Vigils
& \' ]& \' J+ W6 Y' |& S9 H( i7 ~7 P/ a0 n9 k
Drama and Music
) b! [ }+ B. V1 N8 k5 k, M 35. Humorous skits and pranks8 L. f* j* ?) l* g5 @5 o0 t" V
36. Performances of plays and music* \- y6 v# ^* N
37. Singing) B( a [; s8 q! s% l6 E# X" P7 i
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Processions
6 A. E5 ~' H$ z0 _9 J6 _3 ` 38. Marches* k! a+ _' l5 {5 Z' c8 y0 d6 ~
39. Parades
" E6 K7 r5 |' a- g& G3 r. p 40. Religious processions
# z- ~! o4 M ^/ N. \' X; P 41. Pilgrimages
; O# ~7 [" q) _: d1 d; H. w+ l 42. Motorcades
* M2 V5 K) W; v7 K, g4 c) F
; X* U- b+ D- S5 \, {* O) s THonoring the Dead
5 Z. ~ X; \4 }- E8 z ~$ a V 43. Political mourning
1 t# A' @/ b# P. c 44. Mock funerals
; X( S |; ` j* l7 P 45. Demonstrative funerals
; U* X1 [* g1 i5 w$ R 46. Homage at burial places
+ e7 v+ [9 I* Z! Q5 i8 Z* k- R; r
1 h7 S9 L- w5 L# n0 RPublic Assemblies
4 L8 A7 o- o5 i( M" \ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 R# [2 R2 Z |( ? 48. Protest meetings
) f9 C2 a8 i- R: P 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest/ `+ H. c3 T2 H7 x) I4 m \
50. Teach-ins
$ M. p, o9 Q& u" d7 b3 g* s9 Q3 Q9 a
Withdrawal and Renunciation/ J% D! k0 V* k2 C" D/ C
51. Walk-outs
/ w$ |# x+ D8 X# w8 F/ ^ 52. Silence# ?/ K: b+ X1 `# } f
53. Renouncing honors8 t+ q+ G a Q# Q" T8 \
54. Turning one’s back
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7 P3 j2 ?) ]7 c- W' v x0 H& o6 w% P& U7 \% w3 W( p4 f) ~
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 Z! B- ]$ l4 h& d4 h) }$ ~5 a$ j9 i( u; l0 @
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9 {; p5 h/ L& X/ OOstracism of Persons
* j/ A; n* P0 s 55. Social boycott' N+ f6 Q _0 V
56. Selective social boycott
' d/ ], H( G, p/ P 57. Lysistratic nonaction
/ O: z! G+ M# c0 |: h4 y- z( l 58. Excommunication
' D# s) a% C; |( x+ M1 k 59. Interdict
6 t( O/ G, j$ f4 l+ k8 Y1 h3 X+ `# V
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 W. [. k7 M! e 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
/ J) T1 |% P/ V+ w4 M9 F; b 61. Boycott of social affairs
' T! h& ~6 _/ b R$ w 62. Student strike3 K7 t/ J( J6 c! D7 j7 p: ?
63. Social disobedience
1 j# u- @1 g6 I# x3 \1 h" V: a 64. Withdrawal from social institutions% l( l& L0 |* P1 B% q; u
: E' V- R* r! ~
Withdrawal from the Social System p1 A. Y$ ]# Y8 p! Q, W
65. Stay-at-home0 i6 Y3 V# c' A) m! h+ [
66. Total personal noncooperation
6 P0 M5 A1 b0 G1 i( g 67. “Flight” of workers
L F5 O# o: e. e 68. Sanctuary. e2 ]2 ?/ p6 |8 j$ H4 U/ |: A
69. Collective disappearance
7 M7 F# B% _6 B" k1 a( M 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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( ~: n5 r, @% [" YTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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% B$ ]2 m1 r6 s7 U
3 ^) \% Q+ W& h$ [8 B/ X1 ^Actions by Consumers4 R+ o* n' c/ Y8 [
71. Consumers’ boycott' [. f# n: k* _6 V2 M
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& Y: E r3 X, p, C% A$ V9 l9 e
73. Policy of austerity
9 t# G+ c0 j2 |" @ } 74. Rent withholding. W7 w1 K9 C7 [$ J. i8 A% U
75. Refusal to rent
1 o$ M) o: h. l5 b! s 76. National consumers’ boycott
9 E& J' `; E- P, O) _$ ]' x; A8 ]% ? 77. International consumers’ boycott
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) z0 w( j% v; \2 OAction by Workers and Producers( l' u+ H5 M1 z% P; }$ p, j C, l
78. Workmen’s boycott
5 Q9 }$ {. c$ z% s+ o+ ]8 Z 79. Producers’ boycott- A8 _1 ]% s }2 I
4 M0 N6 U# P& u8 }6 R- o$ L; T
Action by Middlemen
+ z( \- `+ p5 g$ A* s/ n U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% A/ _7 x8 M4 L, B/ s& m Y7 ~5 C
8 n+ O# [9 g9 v* R- xAction by Owners and Management w& l: N: g! f
81. Traders’ boycott
& p. [. p7 o1 P+ t' D' c. ~ 82. Refusal to let or sell property$ F" F* h3 C' E( V( e
83. Lockout
" w% C! T n/ V& k' @& h) } 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 h- t8 T3 z0 S4 I 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
4 A1 K5 e6 l( L4 m
7 N6 W7 W% W3 `+ X* H. wAction by Holders of Financial Resources/ r2 I3 [5 m" C: V
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits. _- n+ Y3 {+ E4 ~
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
: p0 a6 q9 r: V$ d# E/ \ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest9 |4 e* }( k, ]! b
89. Severance of funds and credit
! e( H/ q% O& h# }- m9 A% Y: t 90. Revenue refusal6 Z5 v' S% u5 R7 x3 T+ k. k+ P! d: \
91. Refusal of a government’s money. c( ^0 ]) }: B g" {% K
! v% \6 M+ `+ X7 QAction by Governments& N8 a$ b3 e. |# j$ w( l
92. Domestic embargo
( X0 O. {; L; n 93. Blacklisting of traders
3 _- r; ^5 Q4 m& _& `. t$ A: _ k 94. International sellers’ embargo" w) T$ c& ?" H! t' q9 {7 a
95. International buyers’ embargo
. c/ x+ j6 _2 e) r- t' x3 v& {% e 96. International trade embargo
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6 P+ E, d1 g+ Y4 J7 c7 k1 s1 XTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE" q; {6 A0 @$ n7 N4 O, t
+ `/ X8 l& X, H1 O3 ^' |$ c& K
! e3 E' l8 j3 J/ T) vSymbolic Strikes: P& q3 B& x# C
97. Protest strike! V- Q% O y7 A% O/ F# U4 H
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
7 D0 q# T8 B0 P+ B( v3 N$ o& B8 e5 _6 P, V! F/ ]' F
Agricultural Strikes
/ v/ @ o& o1 \# o# m2 w* i 99. Peasant strike
! i0 T5 }/ t m7 ^6 g9 A 100. Farm Workers’ strike
) Y# W1 P/ N5 P I
4 D$ N/ k; M. I/ M" N5 hStrikes by Special Groups3 [! d- [4 m2 x: i, d S
101. Refusal of impressed labor
! p q: S( y+ P" j3 P# M# ~/ t4 u 102. Prisoners’ strike
5 U$ K, N: O; \+ Z6 p 103. Craft strike
- Q7 D8 n' s/ ~+ Y" W7 i, ]. D5 a 104. Professional strike
5 M: Y g r; _* l! a' `
! }3 n- @& E+ T3 j$ s3 \Ordinary Industrial Strikes
Z+ A$ ]/ m4 Q8 R 105. Establishment strike+ @! y& k. P) g' C( B! ?* q
106. Industry strike+ P* @1 \( z8 o7 q$ a. l( I. S3 T
107. Sympathetic strike# e+ P9 o6 `0 U& W9 Y3 p3 l
9 c U4 D3 _2 w# |Restricted Strikes
; c2 P% U1 `7 h& i0 f [( j0 Z 108. Detailed strike r0 a X4 n8 }9 ?, ?2 q! |
109. Bumper strike
& w% q, `$ ]6 g. f 110. Slowdown strike1 u1 j, R& a& r, j
111. Working-to-rule strike
, b1 o5 K* M/ j, _ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 E8 ]7 w; G+ u, v" y( I 113. Strike by resignation
* x9 J& `1 t/ ?4 r4 I8 K3 j. }- L 114. Limited strike
& c9 H m9 P2 u6 M$ _, a 115. Selective strike0 X4 a/ _1 M0 A# ~# L
3 P2 x) V( ]/ C1 w& FMulti-Industry Strikes3 e, S5 p: w# H5 T/ I4 k
1 W" n& U* [0 O5 \
116. Generalized strike6 `# Q1 o. M m, Y0 w
P. m4 _) n7 L* W# ]
117. General strike
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% F& x3 V3 {( |7 RCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 h. a; }& C. a% ]6 M
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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) u, x( Y9 \& W, [THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# ~' w0 J* Z& f7 V7 U9 T& x
1 Q9 d- U. M$ x
4 m% X+ ?( ?+ I: x! u5 L: BRejection of Authority" k) K/ r1 _1 i4 [" m3 B5 L
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 N& {2 i$ m4 J, i, s+ t7 e& M
121. Refusal of public support! T. F0 A' c6 s$ u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' v# f3 c$ y' H& n9 m0 S" T1 W! D# E) ^( O, c: x6 ]
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
) F2 R; I, b8 D; x& W1 ^ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 a! w3 V* h& P: X, _* j* J5 s0 T9 D3 B 124. Boycott of elections
7 S; R i# P. p1 y: K9 o 125. Boycott of government employment and positions: h; W: @: i8 ~: g
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies1 e8 J) i, k" w5 W: @
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
: M9 O' @, s( q 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 i2 ?8 b- o9 P4 b) A% ]% T 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" o( S4 l' U! i7 s9 n
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; P3 |$ h; {9 o) d" o
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ _( P- y: O# ^0 W: H
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions! s9 Z7 k4 X! j) C& F2 G
s1 f; ~5 A' q i9 ACitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
V r. [, u6 X: O3 T' N9 C 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: Z2 r8 K* W% a& M 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
8 }* W) [" y; M& C- H7 \7 E 135. Popular nonobedience! B7 ]3 [1 g3 d$ [
136. Disguised disobedience
* K) t# [. T; O) N 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse9 h8 B- Q! B, T8 l$ w' R
138. Sitdown b ^5 N& l$ x8 M# Q
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation8 {0 K* l/ i2 w
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 m* m* g0 k3 t$ {
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* I; ]# c: Z$ e3 w% X8 S
, E9 v- m- f0 c
Action by Government Personnel5 [ S! @, @( q) n; l
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides: o7 i* r9 F: F7 I
143. Blocking of lines of command and information; _+ G" E k1 t- J% W
144. Stalling and obstruction
' t- k( \1 D) A' { 145. General administrative noncooperation* T# R, `1 p' j( ]9 A' _2 l \
, Q9 M3 e3 h6 w$ t9 z M
146. Judicial noncooperation* j- s0 Y5 G$ D$ [" F8 n
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents8 q0 c6 a# g' v( }% T; ^
148. Mutiny" {# g" a1 J) v, g. S7 h
Domestic Governmental Action5 X* B- Y0 N, A+ `
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
# H5 u% ^9 F5 A$ D) C1 c6 G. W" J/ w3 i 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units0 n$ J4 ^. t; }
' p4 J& i2 o# nInternational Governmental Action
/ Q3 H) O- i0 P 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( h' P, P* f4 P
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; a* Z+ X# F5 c! c
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition* P/ ^) Q4 I" M0 c+ G: T% d
154. Severance of diplomatic relations) {1 Z" t6 {% f5 v6 Y' D. ]- |- U y
155. Withdrawal from international organizations. C/ y' ]# |0 |9 J( e3 Q
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 E6 _/ H! u# e% v
157. Expulsion from international organizations" ?' [4 Q/ K; r8 \( z6 H7 Q* s! ?
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, |0 t6 ^. L9 J0 ]- qTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 e6 G4 X, L$ w, C1 Z8 e9 i# e( v
6 `* D, P7 n* v
7 m2 o' q- W& }( qPsychological Intervention
2 [: d( O( g4 ^( i7 v' { 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( H+ d8 y/ H* m' H' I- f 159. The fast7 y2 `5 k. L! L& T1 z
a) Fast of moral pressure7 c' a, g! |1 w) T
b) Hunger strike" R) a0 Y& V' O
c) Satyagrahic fast0 h8 w- J' p1 s) j& {5 _
160. Reverse trial' l6 q6 d6 t$ Y2 f
161. Nonviolent harassment
9 w# m( q( A2 r0 a
, ]( u* Y0 c2 W5 x( u4 s3 k! i7 ^Physical Intervention
" A3 U9 _0 {6 }; ?/ y 162. Sit-in
' Y6 E1 n Y" W1 S: Z+ d5 h4 H6 d- n 163. Stand-in8 u- u, ]- f! j! d/ g7 V5 I
164. Ride-in
( |0 A( T) m" S( v 165. Wade-in( q9 K9 x+ d. |
166. Mill-in/ | A; S* Y) l; _0 [, z! f `
167. Pray-in {8 d# v& t: O1 X5 b3 N2 ~
168. Nonviolent raids
4 @2 o/ R4 Y2 i/ H n 169. Nonviolent air raids
( Q% z( l* u# F8 {$ ^ 170. Nonviolent invasion( u \7 H# {& [
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 @7 U$ R- h5 t/ c7 W$ ~ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
! u4 V3 Z5 o2 R 173. Nonviolent occupation2 S1 ~$ G+ F5 B9 Q( j
# p9 T, j% z. B g2 YSocial Intervention
6 L) }. B5 d3 {* \5 ]- A i6 c 174. Establishing new social patterns! |# C! r2 n# j4 G6 Q1 d) w8 b
175. Overloading of facilities
7 F0 ]) { Y& k' c 176. Stall-in' J Z/ |8 D$ K% }1 p3 |
177. Speak-in" `, W7 v# h" s7 D
178. Guerrilla theater
3 i# u& I7 [+ t' V 179. Alternative social institutions
9 k ]- N6 \' o 180. Alternative communication system
2 ], M8 d7 f0 d. t/ m1 t9 d. n
% Z$ s4 z9 @" L: O) |7 c9 [4 eEconomic Intervention
1 p7 ^) v5 s- L, k2 x% n5 | 181. Reverse strike
8 \% N8 ]/ t! ?0 T 182. Stay-in strike6 \! w# }& [& A7 K M; y
183. Nonviolent land seizure
- `" f- c8 h1 s) O 184. Defiance of blockades
9 j) A4 P% E3 R 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
* A: R ?) U* x' Q 186. Preclusive purchasing
. t! A6 a5 l8 v% M 187. Seizure of assets
6 K' x7 h/ Y2 y) T 188. Dumping
. g( N3 b' ]' x7 v 189. Selective patronage- A% K5 t# v( B
190. Alternative markets2 r( x8 r" p9 R9 }2 `
191. Alternative transportation systems4 I* E4 c8 T8 `1 b! R! `
192. Alternative economic institutions
5 U) ?1 D/ C9 L) F$ L. H0 b) M/ m0 M/ r: L* a1 p: C
Political Intervention$ l. O$ O' O5 z
193. Overloading of administrative systems' t& L- q9 X4 v) _8 V' q; v) E3 j
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 k/ |5 o8 ^: a# w5 g2 @. n
195. Seeking imprisonment, `# b& ~% o6 u( K5 O% }# b. ^
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" f- K6 ~; ~& W( P 197. Work-on without collaboration
" l7 c' m9 L) V' N 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
9 d6 ?, L" D2 y1 h8 I/ E
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
