 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION% U8 X Q& ^7 c5 Z$ q
Formal Statements1 l/ \) s2 M7 n V, w
1. Public Speeches/ J& B& l$ i p/ I# L" S; U1 ?
2. Letters of opposition or support ~ y" M5 n6 v$ Z6 ~5 v: C# @, t
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions" c) I8 F: Z3 Q/ @
4. Signed public statements
r1 _2 v- s' k 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
& n! |1 E6 U7 f 6. Group or mass petitions
9 ^ |, b) q) {+ b, c+ }4 C! i9 N( ^, J- G2 ?* x
Communications with a Wider Audience- p6 f% u8 D5 A/ @% s
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- L! R3 |7 J6 @2 i
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
$ R. q. d" \# @8 Q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
; v2 r L. V" Y! F2 K$ ` 10. Newspapers and journals
3 U0 o `) E) T: _ 11. Records, radio, and television* Y) q& i% H4 k- S
12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 g5 W- O8 g' B
# U7 N% }" }+ m- lGroup Representations
/ \& H+ C8 o1 P1 W 13. Deputations7 ~9 I q' @, k+ Y8 e
14. Mock awards
- k+ q4 R5 K2 n# | 15. Group lobbying# e: J8 Y/ I+ }5 D2 X( \
16. Picketing/ O+ G& ]" \* X0 c+ L1 Z0 T
17. Mock elections" B' }2 |; l( r( u; w1 q
% I9 G7 ]6 P$ T, |8 m5 ]2 [Symbolic Public Acts
& S% L4 M3 O5 ?. a, M* w! { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' H9 ~% x" q5 S
19. Wearing of symbols
/ |. c& n& j" P' P6 j 20. Prayer and worship, P# F8 B8 e6 d3 c- X3 C) _
21. Delivering symbolic objects
1 L. m3 T( \7 Z3 }% l& {) z6 j 22. Protest disrobings
# c- W3 m: d6 @+ h3 {# P, X2 A0 ` 23. Destruction of own property
d9 E, z6 _# c7 c- L8 v 24. Symbolic lights
& s* \+ a: |$ d( |; v4 f 25. Displays of portraits
5 v- s0 C6 O5 p$ C' U( e 26. Paint as protest, W) Z+ l0 G s) G7 `/ t
27. New signs and names" Y1 }; i" W9 z
28. Symbolic sounds) S2 i) I8 _) t( K* g$ X
29. Symbolic reclamations
" H4 E2 Q, v9 f1 { 30. Rude gestures
( v( J! ? h5 l; [) T. r
J9 Q% l3 K" Z- L, nPressures on Individuals% Z5 f, U8 n9 ~6 A- N0 v8 r
31. “Haunting” officials% A* q* D. W: y: K0 A6 W# g+ u
32. Taunting officials
, P1 U. m e$ {% E* l 33. Fraternization
9 B8 a* |5 y) H$ a! W 34. Vigils
8 j4 W9 }1 u: H+ R: C) f6 F# |5 h t
Drama and Music R1 G: n$ |( | H3 M: ~/ e. H2 X
35. Humorous skits and pranks4 b! | z8 T& q `9 d% _9 E
36. Performances of plays and music
, W, Y" Q, o# U4 W# Y! O 37. Singing
3 y7 d% @1 F2 ]' J; m+ i0 n4 r/ [! O( p# ~, t% P
Processions, O. l8 f) l2 o1 E& v1 E! ]. n$ [
38. Marches
@# y& M8 t# N& C- M4 w+ X# K 39. Parades& s: z( c" l6 P( y O( |# o8 I; Q
40. Religious processions6 b) G \8 I/ O& ^8 |& Z
41. Pilgrimages
4 k$ m+ y, y2 Y. m( F 42. Motorcades: ]: A2 j5 F; `! b
& } L9 _8 {6 t' _& i4 {
Honoring the Dead
9 ^' k! b, s: v/ O$ R 43. Political mourning
$ a5 x2 p! p6 f K% X9 ` 44. Mock funerals1 L/ _- O* N0 o. N3 E- w8 J: o' A
45. Demonstrative funerals- ^" L% E0 b! O% n) I" n( u0 K
46. Homage at burial places
& {% k1 g9 V/ K0 z! G5 Z1 _, [+ e8 H3 f r
Public Assemblies# g( y7 \& W+ s A" c; t
47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 u. s4 E0 x' m t 48. Protest meetings+ w3 k! `+ w5 h( o+ [$ C; r- N
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ I+ \/ f; X+ ^! J* Q
50. Teach-ins! m6 y, v+ Y4 r+ A: n
+ M1 R& p) N' D! n* l
Withdrawal and Renunciation5 H5 Z# t/ _9 f
51. Walk-outs
6 d& }! C2 J% x 52. Silence
2 C* U- q* j: ^$ x/ ^. U 53. Renouncing honors U0 A: [1 @( x% J5 w0 u# l4 @
54. Turning one’s back
6 r) N; |+ R4 m- B/ f( H5 ?& p+ t: [1 P9 B- D
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0 u$ Z1 x/ p+ w- s g9 m
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
: z- o6 B& H) i0 L2 ]7 t K2 E E- ?; }& w. T3 C( I
9 g% c5 z/ }# `1 `6 D7 ?2 w( O0 F, [, F- f
Ostracism of Persons
; k% E1 G4 t4 s% r7 ]; m& H 55. Social boycott
@" j- w6 C$ ? 56. Selective social boycott+ Y5 W1 m8 |4 M( V/ z
57. Lysistratic nonaction
9 u# @6 P n2 P6 P! E) P$ T 58. Excommunication
2 v$ }- [4 i! v" a- b: q. q 59. Interdict) l$ s" D; b) f9 X
9 X0 ~" t4 p0 o/ p/ J& ANoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( j: b& `5 f- T, x2 _
60. Suspension of social and sports activities! m( V; H! y- a) |' k1 D
61. Boycott of social affairs
& x9 f3 q; l( ^- ^ 62. Student strike
( |. W/ Y+ N$ b+ ~8 W; v' d 63. Social disobedience w# I3 [/ L1 j5 w
64. Withdrawal from social institutions) Y7 w0 w6 X, T3 c7 j& K* `
5 I" O5 ^: v: g% Y
Withdrawal from the Social System3 q+ R$ H. c. @+ w5 `
65. Stay-at-home1 r$ J8 j$ M2 E4 _2 ^% k
66. Total personal noncooperation
5 A5 P5 a L( f2 |1 O0 }; Y$ _, \$ t- t 67. “Flight” of workers
) r+ q: ~! J: P5 S: R, e% \4 O* j0 B 68. Sanctuary
% {( Q* d7 K7 d! R0 c7 h 69. Collective disappearance- [* W7 q6 ?5 \
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
0 F4 k$ C) w) A- V! s8 d3 ?, y e% O: h& |0 I; Y6 f. T. O
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2 `, F8 d2 e" J; vTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 j6 ^0 B* C E
. I0 J" O% F, V3 _. X1 t! i( N
. Q8 t: j1 P. HActions by Consumers' O$ j* i$ }! Y9 v
71. Consumers’ boycott
( r: I, U3 T# T% u* P* I# M+ ^; Q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 a" E4 ^" |% I9 i1 P8 r: d/ U 73. Policy of austerity
3 ?; |2 E) J# S" D) b8 a 74. Rent withholding0 k, l4 \0 x! u
75. Refusal to rent/ Z& ?8 Y/ I6 K6 [1 ~2 {: S
76. National consumers’ boycott
" r$ V. ^3 N9 O4 [, n 77. International consumers’ boycott4 I7 \! i' ?7 c3 J
$ t3 n6 d) V. ^
Action by Workers and Producers
7 o+ [0 v! j) w' U M' z) f 78. Workmen’s boycott0 Z" v* N' _; U0 Q* L
79. Producers’ boycott: ^% C4 |% d. J$ k; m
# ?0 ?6 @$ |+ y- ]Action by Middlemen4 F; g" A9 K4 j( W
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
! b( X" F+ ^; ]$ `$ _7 C! w' C4 D! |% b' E% J* E
Action by Owners and Management
0 e; W6 c; M7 c% u2 \7 C0 w 81. Traders’ boycott
( Z9 e# H# U6 m1 H 82. Refusal to let or sell property
7 y+ z: p8 J6 @6 l: z 83. Lockout6 u9 _! w- x' A& a* ?
84. Refusal of industrial assistance: E$ |% H% L7 D9 ?$ n
85. Merchants’ “general strike”2 e8 T* r) N- A# N$ e
# W/ j1 P* X# P" K. ]9 z8 B; LAction by Holders of Financial Resources
W0 Q% y8 V) X 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
: ^- d+ I3 J$ t& _! w0 R 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
" f3 o6 ?2 d5 S, d1 j K 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
! W4 T* n+ i5 C 89. Severance of funds and credit
: S# S6 \0 I+ d( I 90. Revenue refusal, P+ ^: c: l' t3 n! [% G
91. Refusal of a government’s money
7 H \7 E" N( n( x+ f* b Y [/ l7 e. ~
Action by Governments! n2 j' U4 N! A2 h9 J
92. Domestic embargo. U1 j k% D0 G4 B1 w L
93. Blacklisting of traders- |$ H! I! X j, v) r! q
94. International sellers’ embargo
& ]# _1 h4 G* f" A 95. International buyers’ embargo. U- m# Y% g" e6 z+ T6 N' M; W3 x
96. International trade embargo
; V5 D. `8 r( m( W
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE5 a2 {" M8 L% }3 P
' M0 Y" g+ l9 ]4 F) \% d% P
5 j0 a0 I$ W0 s1 I" i9 m
Symbolic Strikes7 r! v4 C2 H( ~7 K
97. Protest strike
5 z$ B/ R. k( \ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; u0 A8 r1 W$ }% ~ l4 n, y7 U: w$ R% b6 m
Agricultural Strikes
" `- b9 A+ j8 E. x$ Y% ~7 j 99. Peasant strike
. Y) P' W$ ^( t8 ]; @) \5 Q 100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 m+ P$ S& r# s( W
4 y+ {- L! [$ E+ x) Z+ {2 X! `4 JStrikes by Special Groups
9 |9 a- q: S) H; ^/ k. |3 n; N 101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ e6 _ X0 }/ H3 s2 Y1 u 102. Prisoners’ strike
$ H) S6 G* P( f 103. Craft strike+ [! M) a+ X7 H. B0 a' E* s7 b
104. Professional strike; o+ {, ^; L1 b7 V: M% p7 n
6 I$ T; T, z2 x$ A0 i( M LOrdinary Industrial Strikes- j) D6 O$ Z; g; n/ \
105. Establishment strike
) j' D6 d6 |+ k3 F1 H7 y- H 106. Industry strike) u3 J! F+ t& Z
107. Sympathetic strike \. U2 t9 f9 n) @
0 h0 L" |/ S7 G5 U
Restricted Strikes J4 K. _( W9 e& A' T& H, I
108. Detailed strike
. d. q2 O; ? ]8 O. Y5 G* x 109. Bumper strike
7 e8 W' p. u6 S; z) W: t 110. Slowdown strike& i6 ~9 B F! f6 z" L
111. Working-to-rule strike _6 }0 y( z2 T: S/ R' [; L
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 e x) p6 u/ d p% y* ?
113. Strike by resignation
) p% ]( H. l$ l; D2 ^/ r 114. Limited strike- d/ R A% ^1 W
115. Selective strike
! E* [% X+ ?/ t# v7 y) [: G R& \3 H- S* Z a$ B( B7 f' i
Multi-Industry Strikes) Y4 o0 B( O1 j( m8 l. U6 A
( o( j9 B) }. X; e. t) y2 q2 L
116. Generalized strike/ ]; y5 o9 d- S. B0 @) ~
5 H* a. U6 G' J 117. General strike
3 i) d! G7 R, \0 U2 o: V4 ~6 a1 q9 k* C& U4 K! F
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures3 l0 E; F7 R: n5 Q
7 j3 s/ [' {$ z7 i7 C' l/ a- a: U
118. Hartal
% s5 ~$ H2 W: e4 B u2 h, @9 ~" K- M2 \3 y
119. Economic shutdown. J) g& I8 |6 r# k8 S1 N! h+ X
2 J4 p. I A1 c, c
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& L. F9 j5 |* DTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION. H. H# l2 L, b1 h
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G- `- j0 C: a4 i) e
Rejection of Authority
* `) y+ j# @- M3 _5 j8 Z, @ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ G$ D6 ^! Q1 m 121. Refusal of public support
8 l* H' Q. n* x5 { u( O, Z3 N 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
0 A7 @7 ?2 ?) C% T* l t, r9 t3 S1 H0 o. Z; x
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
i& {! A- y+ Q w 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
$ m9 s& G& O+ w, q8 W( w 124. Boycott of elections
, d# P0 N! x! c' C. j 125. Boycott of government employment and positions9 w- m3 s! n: _( J7 t* Z" i
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies; F: R3 w* }) s8 p6 i4 h7 k6 F
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions9 m6 M* v1 `! r D
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; N6 Q: I/ L8 l% S: J; z/ N) @
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ B* d+ c4 T. k/ o+ B$ }
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# G& K9 a# N3 W2 j. J
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- r' @1 \5 R6 o. _- I2 \ 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions, |4 b4 o2 ?. D7 q
8 p. N3 X R% |7 ]2 u4 L
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 c$ K, B3 `. q s Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 n, y3 I' C y, f
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 Z5 x( ]) v7 F4 u7 t8 f4 ^% A' V 135. Popular nonobedience0 o6 ?% c4 N" N; t
136. Disguised disobedience
( Q# r3 U3 R. m 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse, ]! Z$ F/ g; i
138. Sitdown
) G+ G/ Z- ^9 H1 o. t% B; [- e 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 G' E$ d! j0 y: m6 Y3 } 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
: I W0 e1 Q. b4 c4 w 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
. ?2 G1 x$ J) }% P4 B" | T/ [$ p& ?) [1 B6 ?
Action by Government Personnel
: n y K4 e/ X: L. n" q 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 N8 i6 }+ J3 J* m& j% o* ? 143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 X' h" m# R0 P3 M, Q* u* c0 q( }* C. h) S
144. Stalling and obstruction1 D O4 U, R5 o; O( E2 \3 d
145. General administrative noncooperation" L4 F5 H# h' } r8 u( M
. {3 X; a6 g: s% k0 d 146. Judicial noncooperation2 U- ~ E/ ]5 w3 U
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents$ `3 \7 t: k4 d. O
148. Mutiny
0 w3 U& j, {& @8 w8 yDomestic Governmental Action
3 _, S" N8 I: V 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
& M$ D, ?8 z- P& m/ W1 z! m: j 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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6 U, }+ s- G' W( q4 m$ s: c, H* FInternational Governmental Action% C y2 J G0 m) ~' h
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ m( W8 Y& |# E5 l1 a/ e
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
5 D4 F t: N7 y/ X, F# \ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition4 X" G) j! M* T( a
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 @7 a* v% q/ ^+ n ` 155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 q$ k) c( Z& E7 E4 X t
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
5 ]' c5 a `+ N 157. Expulsion from international organizations
. T7 P4 f u; [5 @+ r; F
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& [* ~1 T, L% ]
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: M* e1 D3 g n
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+ ^3 h& R q* n+ CPsychological Intervention: M- B3 l9 X/ f; ]9 b
158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 x. x7 `3 o* ?% D, j- e& U 159. The fast" {3 R" P7 J& ]3 h4 p/ a, U0 Z
a) Fast of moral pressure! V% T! h3 A3 K* ?% u U' G
b) Hunger strike
2 A9 D' D* l9 @* ~ c) Satyagrahic fast# S4 `. F% |6 w' G; _2 q/ U
160. Reverse trial
" W( r' @* Y' x" G 161. Nonviolent harassment+ y9 s+ S9 m7 O) H
8 W, J9 E- D" y6 s: e
Physical Intervention
: H7 b3 Y/ }" z# \2 l$ ]. @ 162. Sit-in
5 t/ i4 c6 O. X5 J 163. Stand-in
) U5 M5 r, j8 ]/ W" ^ 164. Ride-in0 _3 X6 e; Z; | M6 F5 I* x
165. Wade-in( i; x/ T& T( }" s y) t4 d+ [1 b+ H3 N
166. Mill-in
% _% y$ D1 P8 b4 B+ n. i9 A 167. Pray-in8 O1 i! o; h4 f# N' h% I g5 a
168. Nonviolent raids0 _) V# \1 \* W' j
169. Nonviolent air raids) |% y8 t {& R1 p
170. Nonviolent invasion/ T) G& B n& `' j/ F' ^
171. Nonviolent interjection
, _1 v1 W, t* V1 X' s/ N4 H5 F 172. Nonviolent obstruction
1 G( Z6 d+ g0 J2 e) } 173. Nonviolent occupation
6 V) H2 s$ m" v! u% R( A5 O5 v& N
; Q( d4 B1 c0 k k2 x8 J" {6 l \Social Intervention3 B/ n% Q* j/ @ O, ^/ f! D1 d
174. Establishing new social patterns
" r {4 `8 D( B; W/ V; D 175. Overloading of facilities0 Y( D) P& X$ N1 n+ ~1 I- N
176. Stall-in
% r- H4 X" X+ P( m 177. Speak-in5 L# y1 l" ]# g" y6 C
178. Guerrilla theater) b' L- t( b5 E' p9 K5 ]
179. Alternative social institutions
$ B! w! p( V# Q5 y, [ 180. Alternative communication system
( Q* ]+ C/ b( o( |* f) l6 G4 \. c& K$ L8 @5 a
Economic Intervention
$ a+ I4 A) g; h8 K' I- H0 l 181. Reverse strike2 o! f- d. a+ L
182. Stay-in strike
( S: q7 W9 C. f9 Z1 z 183. Nonviolent land seizure
4 J" {* N( Z( J 184. Defiance of blockades$ m) x+ e0 o6 a" W
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting% E/ [3 U) C8 Q: o
186. Preclusive purchasing! `/ }" A2 J! J# W# B. D; b
187. Seizure of assets
! S9 s8 ~$ N. W6 A' E# t8 m9 L 188. Dumping
& i& E! ^* I$ O! l. } 189. Selective patronage" Y; \2 J7 l2 e2 K& l0 C3 l
190. Alternative markets
0 X) E4 a7 F: g. `, u+ u, ^5 J- P3 B 191. Alternative transportation systems* \7 L. W6 B5 q' X2 b- K
192. Alternative economic institutions
8 B) o9 d1 X* t$ A! `+ V+ q; z, Z) t: g; _. H% H; \& m
Political Intervention9 `& L l$ d0 G b' y
193. Overloading of administrative systems
7 B& T7 T" k( y0 a 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
3 S- @; |% H9 A T) X8 }' [ 195. Seeking imprisonment! N, R; @/ a! P, v$ e+ B: B
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, q: ]8 r6 t6 _
197. Work-on without collaboration
# i4 F+ z3 w9 ^; ?) Q2 o: h 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
