 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
. F. X$ B$ H4 G; f) L. u/ @* FFormal Statements
, a9 x/ o! f7 _" G8 K4 p g 1. Public Speeches! [! h' O1 S+ p! u9 o& }
2. Letters of opposition or support
' j* Q7 [1 j. [2 V4 Z 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions2 f# Z) t* v+ y0 w& Z; p% R
4. Signed public statements
8 w9 |2 U$ p) a/ Z% ^9 V 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, a; n& l6 i+ {5 ]" q3 o) C 6. Group or mass petitions) N6 R! w8 O+ i$ F) `1 a7 g
. J8 p" R7 t0 i% H9 b9 b' Z) BCommunications with a Wider Audience
" R- x$ l( j9 m& e7 @6 C 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
- X2 h8 S& j7 ]7 Q 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
h! R6 v A `, t1 P4 | 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
# C: K5 W# o5 J: j 10. Newspapers and journals
0 C9 a. C& C6 d 11. Records, radio, and television' O& R" a! H ]' X0 d- V
12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ m9 ? A( P4 @$ r! C
) e# e: j3 Z& X# I5 ?+ EGroup Representations, j! R) ^) {- \$ p' V1 I5 x; r% l
13. Deputations
' E* G5 |; u; L" t 14. Mock awards
. M6 @% e+ g" {. @ 15. Group lobbying
2 J6 E* D& v! i ^. W 16. Picketing o F5 `: I; w2 Z
17. Mock elections
! n" B2 v. o7 Q, H3 M$ p' ]- g( A- c2 h, S
Symbolic Public Acts. _8 O" U, K4 ?( H/ S( F2 V. p# I
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors" A) C+ V- z1 f4 J
19. Wearing of symbols( }9 a9 U* d+ b
20. Prayer and worship) {# ^0 g+ t% m' y# ]* x, z
21. Delivering symbolic objects
& d# V, n' ]. C; U" m 22. Protest disrobings& [3 x5 O5 m/ H6 W) G: c8 x0 s
23. Destruction of own property( A+ e. u' |& i1 @$ {
24. Symbolic lights( J( h1 e v& X; _. ]$ v3 n: O, O1 f6 l
25. Displays of portraits' R1 B2 C$ `6 P3 |1 E' p
26. Paint as protest
; ^8 t H0 _4 J6 E9 ? 27. New signs and names' U3 [/ l* i o' U* J
28. Symbolic sounds
0 U8 u+ o. X; u2 ]5 T f) k+ W- J 29. Symbolic reclamations% G9 u" X3 a% L7 X7 C* l
30. Rude gestures
6 x3 Q, C! j5 b$ A( Z7 a- W* K: `9 b9 t7 ^+ k& i* j! p) ?. h
Pressures on Individuals1 y5 |- l" t0 e8 B+ f
31. “Haunting” officials
2 A2 I% |. y0 v! @3 S 32. Taunting officials- e2 o: ^; Q8 [: N0 D2 C1 o
33. Fraternization* w/ g. Q0 I# n* O, u3 z
34. Vigils
8 P) @% s7 I9 o) h3 m" @ E$ j# f4 m( l- r" l5 @# I1 n: D( m- M
Drama and Music
: I u% @ T* ]- k7 l( g/ R$ X* S) d 35. Humorous skits and pranks+ W9 _8 q0 i* m) P# K4 `: U
36. Performances of plays and music
" G# ?* g! |! Y; L# R 37. Singing
. e) J' P, T6 J) R' H
# Q: b( a1 w% }, T! I9 vProcessions
2 g) A8 F: q! n. G- z# \+ H 38. Marches
; g# g; E- ?+ ^4 G0 w9 K% S+ w7 K 39. Parades
0 U) x" n2 W" ~ 40. Religious processions
0 n* l* l( Y, y, p 41. Pilgrimages, t8 W1 y: v" T. o+ L
42. Motorcades5 @6 I3 y1 ~& e3 z/ z- f: Z
' r; {. c* v6 e D2 i' {Honoring the Dead0 ~" [8 t% X! F5 l( B% \ E
43. Political mourning
/ ?$ |5 f5 s& M6 h9 T% _) R 44. Mock funerals" b- z% z9 _/ _
45. Demonstrative funerals: N' j; S0 C6 j' C
46. Homage at burial places. x2 z6 t! G2 ^5 `
/ \) e. A: E3 R- R
Public Assemblies
/ K+ l% m! {" J( F1 Y 47. Assemblies of protest or support
5 `2 D! O0 ~& [) K 48. Protest meetings" n$ n0 ^ B7 ] V3 [( N3 i
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( {7 s7 r# C5 p2 O 50. Teach-ins4 p- a; y& _2 d0 o4 Q
. o9 q+ J/ L; ~4 a9 }9 e, Z3 AWithdrawal and Renunciation
, `7 u- Z* N! `# \ 51. Walk-outs
; R8 ?! N9 v3 W K& b" Z 52. Silence
, y( f$ b6 Y. z1 O& o0 s3 K 53. Renouncing honors
- v) |& K6 |$ L" R) P; a8 K 54. Turning one’s back
9 R6 ^2 A( c1 U/ L% s- W! c" N% r' U; \& M
3 p& p9 O7 W* X5 j3 q5 b
: n+ m4 s f. w
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
' O9 o7 F4 r$ H' N5 R U6 r% q E! N+ J8 l T
& P6 c" f0 m% ?$ p/ _. ]: \8 Y$ e" F4 X
Ostracism of Persons) P% ~8 r0 _8 O8 J% I# G
55. Social boycott4 j, k# M. r) O% Q0 u0 V
56. Selective social boycott
- `2 f; [7 Z0 p! O9 h) P9 K. Q5 l5 O 57. Lysistratic nonaction0 o7 ?# y# i5 o0 S! t6 R
58. Excommunication
( {. l( C l. u! M 59. Interdict" b" L( ?/ r! K3 F- k" s: H
4 ~3 |- ^# A) ^1 G8 A
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
* G! O4 P1 ] N 60. Suspension of social and sports activities7 k1 t# }: v7 n, T* _! U0 Q4 A
61. Boycott of social affairs
4 W3 g" _; E; R U1 s* S 62. Student strike
2 P- Q1 D# I9 e/ h) \/ Q$ Q0 r 63. Social disobedience4 @; O; P; y5 Y# `$ z/ Z3 g
64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 C, v- I+ Y* C' g/ x9 \" l
5 f! D \; U" v3 ?# \Withdrawal from the Social System
0 k: N1 U$ l# o0 W9 }2 }2 R9 M 65. Stay-at-home h3 q4 Q$ {2 m2 r
66. Total personal noncooperation
: ~9 h5 h7 ~& S7 V; r) C( |8 g 67. “Flight” of workers
6 d( p/ w+ a, A% `1 b 68. Sanctuary
9 [% @: W9 f* p5 k) ]: n; K 69. Collective disappearance
5 @0 V) q1 X- O/ C3 s$ t9 D 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
4 t- l; m! b% J* o5 b G( G4 G& I9 [2 F( @4 S# E/ ]! Q
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: \' m/ z5 i; S# i
& d3 w @- R) ?7 g" P, \! ^* } * f7 H3 t/ S9 ]+ S' V& {
Actions by Consumers2 d7 Z9 k- k0 \4 ?: K9 R
71. Consumers’ boycott# t: m# f0 R0 n. A
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods1 c9 j& g6 Y; Q2 N
73. Policy of austerity
; S* y; Y3 m6 o0 [2 e6 H v 74. Rent withholding! Y! E+ J6 w4 A/ K* C; Q% g
75. Refusal to rent3 `1 n6 m9 w- i X: T: M
76. National consumers’ boycott# t; P5 j O4 ^! W; N5 i
77. International consumers’ boycott# n# e' w% T9 y7 M; O
) Q6 a4 v+ W( r1 T
Action by Workers and Producers
6 b1 i( s7 s% h; G8 L$ j$ @ 78. Workmen’s boycott% Y* {3 y a7 `* k
79. Producers’ boycott% Q6 b" A1 W' w) g' _7 Z
/ Q: y- q, q( T1 X
Action by Middlemen& R7 v) M! u' q4 k
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
}! m: b8 c# U( Q9 O
+ V+ I! U: p8 ^5 E8 [' {( a$ X! ~Action by Owners and Management4 v& b7 C1 x/ u3 e/ X
81. Traders’ boycott
) w: w9 I+ Y/ |+ Z0 x( M- C 82. Refusal to let or sell property. P) o" p& l. O$ A
83. Lockout
! Z; C: W2 d% R; }2 f1 m 84. Refusal of industrial assistance* ~- P8 I) l. f/ f4 T+ q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
8 `0 M: L0 a# J1 Y# n! [. P: r; Q' q: m! j. j' }
Action by Holders of Financial Resources9 n5 O J+ f+ L0 D7 X
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! n- T. z+ q) G5 I; @ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments- j) y* j& z1 y4 u m
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
1 N: o+ }. e2 V8 B0 Z) y- T 89. Severance of funds and credit
% s& `/ W6 v( c: K- h: K 90. Revenue refusal7 t5 \& l3 L& w8 C7 [2 F
91. Refusal of a government’s money b6 N; h4 Z+ T, P+ E! F! d
) J- z( ^, `1 V$ h1 y; C; aAction by Governments+ v/ S. ^& o) I
92. Domestic embargo
" A. t4 O7 W/ t0 g2 i% ]3 w 93. Blacklisting of traders
. J" U. U# y4 k" F v, u 94. International sellers’ embargo% a% t; \4 ]2 l6 g% Q
95. International buyers’ embargo! A7 u- ~0 O. K* V F k
96. International trade embargo
5 m6 h4 j5 Z3 ?, z7 N: e" ^ y+ ?7 w4 A" k/ [
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7 j D$ g W5 P5 `! @& K; T* |
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
- [4 K! J: N% R4 P6 J3 q! g! U; c0 H* G0 `
' G: a- X$ d9 Q' m; [" i9 u7 u/ Z/ A9 J
Symbolic Strikes
$ D* O8 W6 t8 M* \/ ^/ ~ 97. Protest strike: q: o) B" D5 ]: F) s% R5 w2 n
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ }( G, m' i( d' v6 ]* ~6 ~' P
1 n6 `( y7 Y) b j- j2 f+ z( aAgricultural Strikes9 C" V- w; I2 m# E) y
99. Peasant strike
0 k5 X! Z3 M: @2 k" \ 100. Farm Workers’ strike3 [) ^# i: N7 w! s
9 _) `. q' L6 G$ P! u) ^
Strikes by Special Groups6 T* C: D B& k2 L8 @5 D( o
101. Refusal of impressed labor" l( u& E& R, S5 ^
102. Prisoners’ strike
! t# H: M9 f$ d3 e1 v. W6 a 103. Craft strike5 i ?% X+ |* B9 s3 f- q- l
104. Professional strike
3 @9 b" @% N5 r1 d: E
/ @: ^6 b2 C6 o3 N) jOrdinary Industrial Strikes
: \$ D; L% }3 O$ w2 H+ l 105. Establishment strike
2 K* [7 Z/ d8 b7 P+ a 106. Industry strike
4 H5 q) ^1 A1 C 107. Sympathetic strike) |- y: u6 {, a; Q: M# h$ Z
; H4 G/ H# w$ q- y* @2 E
Restricted Strikes
, d& b7 l* I( V% g$ f 108. Detailed strike
8 v. J" c8 k' @ 109. Bumper strike' U/ ~' p5 @- T$ }7 |) ]
110. Slowdown strike; ~: s$ S) t# Y
111. Working-to-rule strike
* x2 T, [' h- A/ y; K# e7 d- B 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
. y5 O2 c$ x9 z% T L 113. Strike by resignation
' `2 x7 @) f3 B" ?# U 114. Limited strike
/ p s" L3 z& o" Q0 \* M/ E 115. Selective strike
. N5 T/ ~0 J B# v8 P% E. z. T( i2 P- H( L+ W3 ~% Y
Multi-Industry Strikes2 s$ i/ q# i8 o% b0 @+ T" K2 ]. g; y
; i) [2 h" r; P% x+ y, P7 X" ] 116. Generalized strike
- P$ I2 y0 A. M5 \) u5 _& w
; T$ O" ^; w7 i$ } 117. General strike* D( @ G' l% l% F9 W0 S$ _5 C
4 c8 T: ?+ l9 h, ]8 i$ n* QCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 D8 L2 O! g6 K' |8 b8 O! K
$ e( m6 u. P' r# R# S P+ P4 ] 118. Hartal# g# Q" P: [ f0 U1 I6 X+ n$ _, t
7 z6 ^0 q0 _& @+ F' F) M. A
119. Economic shutdown& ~' V; j0 z" U6 n9 x! N
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 F; m2 [3 U; u. F: N
: i+ r6 L5 d" e& t! K
2 b' a7 {: g9 Q4 W! i3 E- ?Rejection of Authority9 K g4 @; Q8 I
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' `. M3 u% N9 I. K) C9 a 121. Refusal of public support
( b% k C+ U- U 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' g7 h1 ^' s y/ T8 C' k s+ ^' B1 A$ t9 L+ ] Z* i: Y, d
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government& @1 }6 T7 v0 h) z
123. Boycott of legislative bodies% S8 s9 b5 F. i7 \6 g* B I6 @
124. Boycott of elections
, b/ b1 T# _" T 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ e9 N: s3 x+ i j$ n& [6 V) ~
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
! H, i" [- U: O4 Q2 W+ Q5 ~ 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" j" X- Y2 |, N* y. k
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations/ a8 n+ x1 {. R
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
8 `' Q" R! ^! ~0 K 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 P( ]/ r: u4 S' S( r3 [ {! q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials! z# `* i) P; g8 T% m S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions/ Q1 B4 E: s' A+ V+ `
, d6 T; D* L. J0 H! I8 b, BCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 A3 |, `4 i2 }1 u# I* Z 133. Reluctant and slow compliance! n: a1 Q1 K$ X- _* j7 d
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
/ n6 x& M; b" ?! o" }( ~1 V 135. Popular nonobedience
" l9 ]9 v9 k% q1 s: q" l 136. Disguised disobedience
6 {) G3 p9 z( y7 H8 H 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; d; e u4 C$ D: Z8 G7 t. r/ I/ _ 138. Sitdown ?$ l$ z, W( n7 k6 q2 o R7 O
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
6 ?6 r' `9 z- v7 g2 y' ~ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities; @ ~5 K" `: U! H+ N
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! ?: w7 j0 ^2 O; u1 @% H8 ]. i# g5 B! U$ J( w
Action by Government Personnel. R! t, g- I( P2 {$ p0 I
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
; L* ]% P8 R7 @: \* ~" ~2 V 143. Blocking of lines of command and information. `% N1 V' K9 }; c; n" \+ x* j
144. Stalling and obstruction
4 S4 S6 {8 O3 W4 L# V- ], A/ |& L 145. General administrative noncooperation
: ?+ d# A( ?: [. s2 R7 X6 \
. H4 w' p [$ n# d 146. Judicial noncooperation
4 Q3 J" i, Q/ s& u$ K 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
5 d5 m4 t8 [; T& { @ 148. Mutiny# u; |5 k3 |9 y
Domestic Governmental Action' f3 ]5 m. {2 ^* | a3 P
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, O, o+ s! h) q$ I0 h7 A 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 a% J% o6 [+ R2 Z3 c- i0 `' _( b7 c: t2 t ]
International Governmental Action" f9 G& V7 [2 \/ k- ^# c& f3 G
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations& H0 P2 l8 T A* C# a
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events+ g1 F0 k3 C6 R
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition$ c% x% H. L- i0 L K" [4 y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
. ?1 S9 E( I a' k5 }: I. z 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
/ [1 k) q5 e) [6 ?) q$ U/ N+ ? 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( B( y( o) }1 ]- B5 f 157. Expulsion from international organizations. U& X: Y4 I5 `6 o( L r; L
: {' W& s2 f) y3 y' U
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION w* d* U8 B8 L$ s
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Psychological Intervention
* P- y7 i( Q2 N2 U 158. Self-exposure to the elements
1 [) H D0 C8 I 159. The fast
R V- d- q ]$ j( d a) Fast of moral pressure
$ Z7 J/ C0 V# [* [0 q b) Hunger strike, Q" W8 f, r2 a0 l. w: Y
c) Satyagrahic fast* n! o7 a) |! i/ K9 Q; c1 q
160. Reverse trial m3 p# B4 l' Q2 _+ S) |6 k$ X
161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention
' Z% |7 }/ |! Z! S8 B 162. Sit-in
* G, c3 \3 j5 d* v0 H6 U1 } 163. Stand-in( v8 N9 ?7 R6 ?' h$ f0 ^
164. Ride-in
$ \ K2 j, j/ {* @3 S2 N. I 165. Wade-in j; ^4 ?9 [1 {3 r, M/ d" Q
166. Mill-in7 W( p5 c0 J1 h+ M1 J" M
167. Pray-in' A9 A: W0 [, E* S
168. Nonviolent raids
- l! `' G9 B4 q$ D+ @, Z/ O 169. Nonviolent air raids- G' R. ~+ \. ?' o, ~ t
170. Nonviolent invasion( c+ z' D+ \2 m
171. Nonviolent interjection' ^9 Y, I9 A: ]; C) x
172. Nonviolent obstruction
+ O9 ^6 _" V* W, x/ s# F+ C% L 173. Nonviolent occupation! A9 u1 B4 m+ t4 E! D1 L
( N V% H5 f. q, p" x+ c9 T
Social Intervention
8 t' F2 {! X% f, F& d 174. Establishing new social patterns! G. i: e7 t& h
175. Overloading of facilities9 x1 q1 ?/ b! t. j) ~3 |( s6 ?2 E& }
176. Stall-in
1 p0 [' x1 e9 _) S4 K3 `6 F9 ~ 177. Speak-in5 X* p; d6 p8 \5 Z7 i, ~
178. Guerrilla theater
0 A. A6 d f7 c7 _/ n 179. Alternative social institutions+ A; i) _4 X0 a2 c# ]' m2 e
180. Alternative communication system$ V: ?5 g4 ?6 F5 w; L5 h7 T
" A/ C/ \) ]/ K; w; _Economic Intervention! T" H' I1 }; L8 O8 {
181. Reverse strike9 b8 A& `1 S+ [$ X
182. Stay-in strike
/ ?* w6 A! a/ O6 x4 x) f r 183. Nonviolent land seizure9 c0 y/ {8 ?2 ^
184. Defiance of blockades7 r+ z7 y) t% y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting/ D& B8 q7 w- I. _ [0 Y- F, M
186. Preclusive purchasing' U: e( i3 F4 S
187. Seizure of assets
3 M+ e0 m' [+ ] e$ M* S# G 188. Dumping
V, _1 x7 `8 S2 Y 189. Selective patronage
5 s) Y Q! u E 190. Alternative markets9 d) q, I) x# }
191. Alternative transportation systems
7 Y) a" c d$ `4 W 192. Alternative economic institutions
$ ^) b( W' }' o; L* _- B* V) ^
+ T' U/ V) s8 O( C' b2 J. [: g2 @Political Intervention* {9 C5 u! L8 N! ?
193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 H7 E8 W6 w H# `8 m, \% c 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents' L7 U" a1 [7 s6 ^8 X0 {
195. Seeking imprisonment
, O7 Y+ [: M* O- T9 B& @ ?8 S( [ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% |& }2 j/ T3 w k' |, }2 M9 c8 M+ E% h
197. Work-on without collaboration0 n0 ^- Y. v, q* S/ G3 X9 y
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government- ]% e4 F1 H# e* X
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
