 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 i. L* Y4 q$ Q/ ~& |Formal Statements
2 g' g# w, O( L9 i. C 1. Public Speeches
& e9 ]0 I0 w4 A+ V) A! n" O" [9 E2 s 2. Letters of opposition or support
' X9 I; J: Q, r& ~2 ~8 s# g 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
9 c; e1 k3 u! w: X" K Q* K. f% y 4. Signed public statements
/ J' @; B3 g5 u- v* G" F9 k. Z: i 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
7 ~2 i8 Y6 {2 W3 x. ^9 E$ K: [5 Q0 q 6. Group or mass petitions
( N4 U( p4 t2 t+ `0 g+ [4 O4 q' ^7 s/ O; R3 T3 k
Communications with a Wider Audience* `2 x9 t. s$ b/ i* d, R
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, M& S V" t" j8 C( b
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 k) ]/ w7 d1 M
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books) c5 _$ T, W5 B; ~5 q, k# l1 l( s
10. Newspapers and journals; R, p+ i0 s1 {. H/ K% l
11. Records, radio, and television& g/ A2 v: X b9 M1 N
12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ b& u |0 x8 `- @* }
2 ^( }6 p0 {0 r/ v$ U4 p8 ^Group Representations
. J. l( M; J& j( g ^ 13. Deputations8 w. i0 D# d% f& P
14. Mock awards
- w# S7 ?6 N1 J V/ [ 15. Group lobbying+ k _: T4 t( B. I) O$ o) T
16. Picketing% Q- h) B. `; o2 v! U6 [
17. Mock elections" B% Z+ w3 _/ ~- q
7 g/ [; B( i& [# f9 J; u
Symbolic Public Acts
5 t+ n1 q) ? ~* W 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# g' C; ?$ {; P& ]. V- ?! i+ C 19. Wearing of symbols6 |; ]& f3 T: ~' }" t1 ~, h( \4 r
20. Prayer and worship* @7 ` y7 K, }( b$ \( a* h1 S
21. Delivering symbolic objects
" v& B. Q' e: O: J( B# f% n 22. Protest disrobings' D0 P9 f6 D0 |3 p% ^1 j! X
23. Destruction of own property
: _0 y& E) Y- t0 b. M 24. Symbolic lights- \/ }) N& T) u; j0 ?
25. Displays of portraits
* N2 A1 Y' [, P0 Q& m ?( }7 V# | 26. Paint as protest0 p3 Z" J* k% Z, \" o: T3 Z
27. New signs and names
' l- Q3 _; N9 U$ b, E 28. Symbolic sounds
* v/ X c" D- { 29. Symbolic reclamations0 @# ~/ D, E8 N' ] L8 f6 G
30. Rude gestures" i& V% K3 I9 V4 [$ U
1 ?- e3 t8 U6 C* w; ~1 U5 LPressures on Individuals
, h( b2 C& n; y; a V: o) G( A7 a 31. “Haunting” officials' Z( z0 c+ G+ X+ U2 r
32. Taunting officials
4 N. Q; P3 e8 j* y# F 33. Fraternization; C0 l3 f/ B9 U, g
34. Vigils
; P6 `% ?$ D) i( Y7 [& P8 |# q4 M7 Q8 o' Q# a, l6 n0 o4 v* q
Drama and Music
* h0 s5 `5 H6 t# E- L; X- B& f 35. Humorous skits and pranks4 m& a5 ^# v# ^) {$ ~
36. Performances of plays and music
+ T# F6 }; x n. F7 w$ X3 k2 o. O5 n. p1 F 37. Singing* t" n: {5 v" I0 P
, l* g; ~1 |3 L
Processions
k& ? E2 S8 V) @1 h. e7 F 38. Marches2 V% E: i- `; M
39. Parades* l- [7 U# W \2 W6 l; f, H6 v, @
40. Religious processions
/ p3 x2 H! M0 S/ X$ } 41. Pilgrimages
! [/ `5 ]# ~+ M 42. Motorcades
6 g H# B! Z8 V1 O) a3 o, S/ w/ O: c8 |5 F! W) }
Honoring the Dead
2 x3 J! m4 w$ h2 l/ M 43. Political mourning
( |, j9 _" H9 l! {. x 44. Mock funerals3 r+ q( R e+ }2 E u0 x
45. Demonstrative funerals
* [& J8 C& u+ v. I* |9 v: d" W 46. Homage at burial places
0 q8 X8 X& k: Y3 O" o
9 V, h! [. ]$ J K( \2 NPublic Assemblies- y: k. H p* R$ ^% T' z+ X% Q
47. Assemblies of protest or support
, F& }4 ~3 w" Z B+ L0 {9 i4 X4 y 48. Protest meetings9 b1 t3 v4 K" ~5 N- `
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ X; p3 j: f2 d) y# A: q6 _
50. Teach-ins' |% e9 E1 K2 O' m4 @5 X
, @- y7 l( o# `- m- E1 m; uWithdrawal and Renunciation; c2 @# L% [: \
51. Walk-outs
$ s6 f- s) j0 [3 T e 52. Silence0 o- l1 ]+ s1 s$ u* ~8 u
53. Renouncing honors* q1 G) h! K& g- J
54. Turning one’s back
+ U& P5 k/ y1 f& K- B, a+ O( T! A. v" [6 N" c
& e: Q- W, j' D$ Z8 Z+ O8 h T; f
. R. w2 Y |& l! OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION8 B3 U6 z( Q$ n7 F( v2 v* _6 S. L
' V1 T2 C- f, f: K. l- Y
O: f0 j. H7 @8 g. }5 U- `( T6 @
3 [: x( X" F$ LOstracism of Persons) N. r* y: b* z0 w
55. Social boycott0 H; b) W) w e b5 u- _! p
56. Selective social boycott
/ R/ x8 [. W, `) F: g 57. Lysistratic nonaction4 X" w; d6 v, j# x* c
58. Excommunication
" {9 b% J- |: S5 R 59. Interdict
* p- p2 i; ^/ { S: Q5 D$ Z3 l) S0 d2 `
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions: u0 D: W( d; P4 R2 ?8 ]5 t% i
60. Suspension of social and sports activities8 J6 j3 h, R5 q/ f
61. Boycott of social affairs4 }) W; U3 a( g4 }
62. Student strike
+ f$ G& e( q5 R/ ~2 z+ n' b8 S$ L" L 63. Social disobedience* x$ Y; @$ _2 }. b- f9 K2 j. n
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
- O& N; J1 S% X$ H" b6 J6 B- \3 a K( O( a6 ^
Withdrawal from the Social System
3 o& a/ ^2 V) x; e6 }" u( G 65. Stay-at-home. Q' Y) ~8 ^9 c+ z
66. Total personal noncooperation
$ t/ p& J3 _0 y" l% S* B. y 67. “Flight” of workers& s, r1 U6 V' `% ~7 u9 `
68. Sanctuary" W: E$ c/ _! h
69. Collective disappearance
, P' Y& u c4 N5 V 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
* s! X8 w5 A# h N- \; t: A# L% _% j. @& P O
7 \0 g3 Q: Z. t: ?- d U/ L
! x+ o/ C! K7 Q1 `4 p, s+ hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS% M+ H, i/ s- `
8 C p. M% L$ N8 P2 h: W( b
) J8 Y% Q7 s7 wActions by Consumers8 J; L R# T+ c& n1 v
71. Consumers’ boycott
1 c9 r) D2 l5 C0 C: ^8 d7 I 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 w! R d$ t8 e, G" e/ e8 f! [
73. Policy of austerity
+ C7 t1 s8 C& C5 X8 @ 74. Rent withholding8 W, W, U. f5 m# J, A: q( u
75. Refusal to rent/ X6 C2 [+ m9 {% B. l6 {
76. National consumers’ boycott
9 U0 V6 s5 d7 s3 L" a 77. International consumers’ boycott7 l! `: B: g+ y$ J$ {- P
% X) o$ ?5 G- U& E
Action by Workers and Producers
2 ?2 _0 L/ t( r7 \ 78. Workmen’s boycott; g( l* S# L% J# \. y" _( ~
79. Producers’ boycott* j8 R( u/ \* k7 k. z7 W
. O h' Y0 @! t& A3 B
Action by Middlemen& X' P0 I9 m% \; { m0 Y5 l, H- |8 O
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# F6 ~2 R) h8 {+ W( Q$ U! [1 M6 h5 o6 `3 p
Action by Owners and Management
* t1 K% R- c7 Q 81. Traders’ boycott2 y/ L' n' Z" v+ @
82. Refusal to let or sell property1 L- X; q2 D! ]2 k$ `& y$ }
83. Lockout" f, I3 A3 Z" p& V
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
, J7 X: G* O. \& e0 p 85. Merchants’ “general strike”; V% \4 ?1 I2 c( x6 I
_! p! |+ J0 U8 @8 |/ K3 y4 `Action by Holders of Financial Resources5 `6 g, Q. d% B
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
' k6 Q6 M2 P) E( L7 `" L: q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 U6 R) y- _0 K. R3 y, P
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
, z5 y3 y1 h. K6 `( ^5 U 89. Severance of funds and credit
. ?4 t8 s! q3 F( n+ i 90. Revenue refusal. g: z3 [1 D* ^' O. g
91. Refusal of a government’s money3 {$ ]& b. A, }& F
0 _; \/ g% I& B( ]* Y: d( `Action by Governments
; S! r$ S9 q% v! i* ~ e3 d: W, X* ] 92. Domestic embargo8 r t( h% O% t0 C( y! b- t( U2 k
93. Blacklisting of traders
6 k* y( m/ I+ w" X7 s 94. International sellers’ embargo
8 E1 t) u; C5 p8 e3 a3 D 95. International buyers’ embargo- X2 J5 ^$ x# D }8 E
96. International trade embargo5 W0 K1 q% O: }, S2 L
0 H$ Z5 h' r w* _& \( K" \ ( N3 b( B8 s/ ~
' X% G5 Y8 m0 u( ^& F; K8 ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE1 _( I7 u$ |& K# r: x: j& p
R7 V; @' g+ `' z. d+ ?. P - k( |0 [& P: }7 Q5 m8 k0 @
Symbolic Strikes
7 ^$ O# J/ `) e/ a0 ^ 97. Protest strike8 Y( N4 Q/ F+ [' x5 X+ G* I
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 H7 M# C$ }- M3 B4 Q. I2 W0 N
( P2 ?2 Q; g; R O. a( S/ w% iAgricultural Strikes: n7 u/ C' a6 P# o9 X/ U, @
99. Peasant strike% x% t, F8 I1 s0 m+ K+ M/ r
100. Farm Workers’ strike8 l+ [' b3 p. Q. c" M! m; t
5 A6 R) ]: s5 _: l1 K$ JStrikes by Special Groups) |. @, a0 x1 ~7 x- {
101. Refusal of impressed labor
a1 o3 q% H5 A( N4 i6 H 102. Prisoners’ strike( ?, B- u* _/ n, m4 v; z
103. Craft strike
7 r7 L2 n# P- Q# `3 o 104. Professional strike
+ M* o. Q5 K- R, m4 S8 @5 {: f* ~. q
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 ~/ t) b ? X* R8 E/ P 105. Establishment strike3 E N* r3 m2 M% y! ^
106. Industry strike
" b0 G; H; @/ v4 f* Q4 G. y5 A 107. Sympathetic strike
5 V1 w; b+ v* Y/ w
0 `. B- {( w# E; }* {Restricted Strikes/ h+ W* `+ h# t5 w" _! b! ~
108. Detailed strike
; T, N2 ?8 ~: ]0 \/ ]2 c 109. Bumper strike' F& g3 l. s1 j4 R t+ O& l
110. Slowdown strike
( M# j( Z* {6 L/ j% f 111. Working-to-rule strike6 \. V/ {8 C8 a& h# W
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)# e8 G8 X1 j G2 ], |+ A3 ~7 F$ w3 C
113. Strike by resignation- N: B# N8 D. b" K* R
114. Limited strike
, S5 u' u' Q0 C5 m 115. Selective strike7 L# o+ H, k4 C! B4 i
4 }/ t3 w( d+ L" C) |0 D
Multi-Industry Strikes* s0 b( X7 e, D1 T
! u8 \; o& z" i. H; y; ?, {+ P
116. Generalized strike/ B! x% G5 O' `2 c$ Z9 p
/ \2 x) P* {% ~& E
117. General strike
: ?# m+ H, O F, h9 G
; U& d' X9 y2 F: {) d. F4 m/ OCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
2 m: l2 X* }' k, ?% w: F% S5 H4 t+ D/ ]* p* H) B
118. Hartal+ s3 ?- ^# I, ~, g2 ^( \
* Q" B' c! j$ G" e
119. Economic shutdown
$ f1 M$ _6 f- q. \1 P7 A% ^3 V1 t) C- U! @! d2 i( t" f- G: F+ k
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4 R- t$ X3 t" A. r& h" @. ^& hTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION9 W& w1 e* ]0 U. a1 j7 f
+ r; Z8 U; u+ z& m4 R* I9 m
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Rejection of Authority
; ~6 ^& a. @; t* I+ ` 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
7 }: X; ?% c( t! q6 e 121. Refusal of public support- b1 g. u/ {& q
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 N0 `- P' r2 g6 [) o5 S, l
! [+ N2 @2 i5 o/ Q
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ p8 E# X$ R. v8 Q8 M1 v+ i+ g+ q
123. Boycott of legislative bodies( _8 u& H' t! Y o( @" O3 z2 m" y
124. Boycott of elections
N1 N' H, q6 R& I$ ]; i1 Z/ I 125. Boycott of government employment and positions, G, T. W2 ?& g3 [
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies6 r$ x8 w: T. Q- f$ A- ]
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
8 c& A2 @' O1 W }+ Z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; y6 E7 i8 P% a @& o, h1 r
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents8 y8 N8 T3 B8 C
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 ~ C) Z' D8 k! j, [* {8 i
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" }* D( L, D2 R9 s5 Q
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
" N/ J; x+ h! a; h, ?* k& Y* Z
( Y( c E) p% oCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
( L& R2 \) s* q% @1 J 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
( ]: r. n2 l; b; P& i7 d 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision9 M! |& p0 g: o# t8 ~/ `7 j, G) t
135. Popular nonobedience
9 i- `/ M/ Q! J1 B( V& h% `* o 136. Disguised disobedience
9 x" Y5 k6 H( T2 J, F: F) E6 A1 u 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
, X% A- P8 K: [* H8 G+ R; ~) ] 138. Sitdown6 C* W7 P! R" c) \: i# g6 z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation8 S" a E7 \6 j/ \, B+ R: k& L+ s9 K9 r8 X( f
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
) R& \' v5 x) B& S 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
e8 g. k5 u: K, `* N& o) {/ U% \% f* {4 q! a% I: ^
Action by Government Personnel% S. l2 k0 d% R: Z; Z. C
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides) j$ n! d9 X$ P. O- d N) X4 O' ]
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
& Z5 @6 G e* a3 Z% E- s; U$ M- n: B 144. Stalling and obstruction
$ O/ X9 ?+ f# i* O9 ` 145. General administrative noncooperation
- G' g. n- q$ x9 I$ T7 Y! f* E/ }! }* t1 G* ^2 _
146. Judicial noncooperation* g$ n7 Z) s' b0 _5 ]1 X1 J
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
, V4 L- w$ m- R 148. Mutiny1 _2 @" J3 i4 o( I9 v. r w/ k
Domestic Governmental Action
! C7 I" z+ t! l8 d0 r8 c* V 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 j; v4 ^' q# K" W 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
! _9 C% e1 d) {" D4 C5 Q9 q5 y3 F s! Z
International Governmental Action
0 B' W r% I3 k3 K0 u' ?. Q- Q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations [, m+ ]1 J2 l" ^
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% ]% W) w' i3 E! S1 z/ O
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' @, M( F" Q; r 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
: i) _) |, R5 [ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
7 D. m9 S3 s# R; Q0 w1 W; j: h6 n 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies/ v8 W) B! f( n, t. s' }
157. Expulsion from international organizations
) v" y# J: V& C/ @% W+ Z# Y) h( {1 `2 o" k
4 C& d- P& W- k& ?
/ N, z& `$ J3 k' }) W0 b0 NTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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/ W5 T T* }/ @8 s" w5 @( l8 jPsychological Intervention Q- _4 x8 \, _
158. Self-exposure to the elements3 Z9 M- c5 u& b' `) [
159. The fast, B, I3 Q) N( k4 O, i0 _& j
a) Fast of moral pressure; m/ R S% \( F! Y8 i* y6 W! Q
b) Hunger strike! a( u7 H" E* @* T" t
c) Satyagrahic fast) K: a* Y6 [" @
160. Reverse trial9 s) b7 B- u M4 v6 y0 F4 \9 ?: C e
161. Nonviolent harassment5 _" \# }0 J( e) n; u$ y# L
- \" X% _7 }, _. C* p$ ^
Physical Intervention' p, j% \; j) I
162. Sit-in
6 _, H/ x; k! g8 R, r$ R 163. Stand-in
% r8 Y6 c, I) Z+ _8 ?. X 164. Ride-in
* D0 ?4 |5 l7 D! C2 l8 Q7 z( I2 A 165. Wade-in
: ~4 P! Y J/ B5 ?3 O 166. Mill-in/ n! W0 _ \) v& p% e- }$ Q
167. Pray-in
& c4 T; K4 c6 U, ?4 n! {! m: q 168. Nonviolent raids
; J: l( Q, K# Y 169. Nonviolent air raids2 f! u6 q+ ~% i) f
170. Nonviolent invasion
! W1 B2 S7 C, p& k 171. Nonviolent interjection4 {# O$ B) a! |3 U. j5 Z3 {7 b1 {: r }" P
172. Nonviolent obstruction8 C2 t; n: F$ x, Q7 a; r2 D
173. Nonviolent occupation
0 b6 ^' A" \4 J5 O2 v- o3 K, ]" c; ?, Z; B% `
Social Intervention: A% u4 X; {: x( G1 T4 M
174. Establishing new social patterns
, p& c1 b4 _7 Q! _$ [/ G 175. Overloading of facilities
1 d/ V3 Y z' e8 E! C4 _* j 176. Stall-in
- q0 ~# k: J, X2 c( U% B 177. Speak-in
" d- n; R# V7 A# u& i8 }4 d5 e W 178. Guerrilla theater
/ [+ F4 M/ j% Y8 t 179. Alternative social institutions# w& c( k/ z, Q! h
180. Alternative communication system' g3 Y, o0 t0 C7 q
6 l2 O. b9 Q: C3 H6 h8 l+ D
Economic Intervention
' {* P" a0 k% E# L: K0 x1 u 181. Reverse strike d. z5 N6 H4 K( A: N4 x
182. Stay-in strike" J9 _* I: U5 w; u! [' n
183. Nonviolent land seizure
! |) k7 s- L' Y2 i* ]7 @) Q$ A 184. Defiance of blockades
5 r( v( T3 K3 I$ Y! j/ R 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 ?, y4 g5 [! D# D
186. Preclusive purchasing) u' |9 M# E# N( i$ w4 e
187. Seizure of assets1 n4 Y1 N3 `% N# ~- |" g1 L8 Y
188. Dumping
: b, K' }2 }% L1 c. z3 w! | 189. Selective patronage2 G9 X8 u' q! p: p5 N
190. Alternative markets# `6 z! p6 z x8 h& ]
191. Alternative transportation systems
?) E" O2 W+ k/ t2 {( b 192. Alternative economic institutions# f* U; w; X8 [
" `. `9 C0 R5 I
Political Intervention
@+ K& K6 L% I C: F 193. Overloading of administrative systems% }5 u K8 r9 j2 w
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
$ u" p0 q* ]" T: @0 V 195. Seeking imprisonment2 R) q6 u% Q: u
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
" l1 l b" L1 y2 Z. B, @3 o: s 197. Work-on without collaboration$ U3 w# {* x# m0 {
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
