 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
! |3 ? n9 Q0 I3 {) j/ s% mFormal Statements
) }, \( \2 F1 V% g# ]! N4 B 1. Public Speeches3 ^4 V. J, Y$ ^5 U: G; d) ~& D
2. Letters of opposition or support
$ E; C( J" d O% k' N+ l8 t) J 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* c' K% }8 y3 _5 ^5 [- m5 J$ e7 A( G 4. Signed public statements
3 S5 d3 T* }/ S. Q0 v2 t6 V 5. Declarations of indictment and intention5 a/ F4 G/ o8 w
6. Group or mass petitions
+ S& w; t6 a5 H) A
4 x% U. W' n& l/ J5 X8 ]0 qCommunications with a Wider Audience! L' |0 C0 ^. o9 z- m7 n- q
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# M7 F" Y4 d) L
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# V. u$ S8 X% k" i* j0 H3 V
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
! g, x" T/ `) i1 U; y' X 10. Newspapers and journals
; U3 F- q( k9 Q" O 11. Records, radio, and television
) T7 O2 H1 _; T& L" q g: k" u) A 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 U @! {9 o* _1 ~
* g/ K( H) o7 ^9 @3 M$ }, EGroup Representations5 e. l9 _* }$ ]' `. g4 f8 P
13. Deputations8 T0 a! Q7 c1 I& O8 w3 s3 ~
14. Mock awards
5 o6 k- n% u) \$ @ 15. Group lobbying! L4 V5 P: ~0 j5 `/ }* j
16. Picketing& W f& ~+ W: I% R' L5 V) f! B
17. Mock elections- W& H8 j$ u! a, c
{) c. o6 n0 r2 l- D6 Y) H& `Symbolic Public Acts& K$ F2 b4 D8 q/ ~! h5 y" b' M; n
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- T; `5 w/ Z; w; Z
19. Wearing of symbols& _6 ?8 j! r) i V
20. Prayer and worship K! h! ^. `. ^' l8 S5 t0 x
21. Delivering symbolic objects' y5 |- U N8 v
22. Protest disrobings
3 V a5 e9 U$ u, A+ Q Z 23. Destruction of own property2 @: U3 X8 f: l( r* z K
24. Symbolic lights# D; j- R5 D( X8 f
25. Displays of portraits
9 d: e& N3 L5 Q4 o7 l/ T- E' k# E 26. Paint as protest
! M9 g% ]+ J0 a, p5 g4 `( ~* a( \ 27. New signs and names6 S: `2 r# ~1 n( ~7 z9 `8 l" s
28. Symbolic sounds
2 k# _! L7 w; i 29. Symbolic reclamations6 L1 l+ g3 s; Q
30. Rude gestures. } d/ [6 ^6 F6 A$ \$ J
0 Q$ C, ^0 D, U7 P- H, Y2 }6 Z) H
Pressures on Individuals% q. J0 O# ?3 A4 `, j# O) Y
31. “Haunting” officials
& p: t: Z- T5 a, n' X 32. Taunting officials
: h/ Q8 `% J/ D/ _$ z 33. Fraternization
( W. e" P0 a; p- z6 G1 m0 d 34. Vigils$ Z, B0 C- p; {/ ? S3 N
# P6 L! C/ ~4 g c+ w0 ODrama and Music3 N; h" g' u3 S( ^# z8 F, l4 x+ Y
35. Humorous skits and pranks/ A6 ?0 g& v% ]" M2 [: G
36. Performances of plays and music) t5 y* ^. Q2 c
37. Singing
0 }* s5 f1 i8 Y/ E3 X8 o4 `
7 A0 P+ \4 D* M6 _Processions/ o/ J+ ]3 k5 ]$ u
38. Marches- M a. x2 G, ^8 i
39. Parades
: @: d& C+ l' z# Q1 ] 40. Religious processions
9 L" `( R$ n! n+ E: S1 K 41. Pilgrimages+ \( E7 i& j" U2 ^
42. Motorcades/ d# \2 n( ?0 q6 l
: x; k9 u; E* k) j5 @" q
Honoring the Dead$ N2 r* C* k: D. j9 d' r- z! {* c
43. Political mourning# |$ A$ L+ b" ~2 d% z. j0 f
44. Mock funerals
. _. q' b2 {' X0 L7 W, n) b 45. Demonstrative funerals
8 v7 F$ c' e; J+ L! ]. \. X$ ` 46. Homage at burial places
- j% s) @# j9 X. R7 B( a2 ^6 a6 F `0 E1 m \
Public Assemblies
* Y0 d) E# U! t5 j- Q& }, w 47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 x7 i# {2 c! ^- O 48. Protest meetings { A( z$ ^5 D3 ^ f( |
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& u8 E6 F }+ ~& q9 J1 |5 c, a 50. Teach-ins
+ d% L) j$ @! V+ V8 N, }
# v4 s" `! f( p% e. jWithdrawal and Renunciation" j6 }1 @3 ?9 e
51. Walk-outs
5 g8 m/ \( p! }6 y N$ e0 b 52. Silence' u5 z& o* v, {
53. Renouncing honors: O* [% }/ w, c
54. Turning one’s back
- F$ M& f) D! D( q
8 v1 A8 r7 {; [. l: v) `9 I
* x2 |$ j8 L7 u5 a
3 x# V& V* V/ | h; ~THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
$ z3 i8 Y9 J6 @% t! M
- n; A/ G. u5 Y$ X- Q: q
6 y: C- [0 \( r% I U
" K! b3 A: c; ~, A% u- R/ qOstracism of Persons2 d+ Z g; I1 t1 J$ U
55. Social boycott
) H4 G* A9 t# U i/ v m 56. Selective social boycott
% S: R7 l4 ^! w; o) B# y 57. Lysistratic nonaction8 \) p) G1 ] d& H; W. E
58. Excommunication
* a3 b2 x3 b$ i1 d- y9 k 59. Interdict
9 w) c, l% h/ C" Y! o
0 l+ A: [' N# Z* ~& p+ d# JNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( c9 b/ F! x+ D
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
# [: u8 g! z7 `2 ~ 61. Boycott of social affairs1 b- ^4 W2 ~! O3 D! S
62. Student strike6 \" m" ~( m1 t& s7 s. x
63. Social disobedience& W9 R: x: @% z; \, r+ W2 d2 j
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' {0 v6 [3 B, j9 g. V1 t+ J: V3 C2 m+ f* f1 W( C# k
Withdrawal from the Social System( R3 F6 h1 n2 y" s+ x' E
65. Stay-at-home
; H" `4 X$ j9 {/ L" o D 66. Total personal noncooperation1 A' [3 R/ c" p. j' r2 e# I3 g& }
67. “Flight” of workers
8 u+ r# ]" ?8 g4 t 68. Sanctuary7 d2 Q% }1 @: ~6 c2 T; s! }; v
69. Collective disappearance! U6 H6 n$ L& \
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 _4 e: X1 l2 |/ Z5 a
# _$ l% P7 r* `% W9 \4 C # [2 ~$ {' u5 @% O; j' Q- k
+ J/ d4 }& s5 j5 U+ b" v- W: x
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# j4 i9 E0 {2 h6 j
; q! b. T0 z! W! M* c: r$ ^ ; H( Y. @: V! J
Actions by Consumers1 `' {6 ~2 [9 s; m" j( {* o: i
71. Consumers’ boycott# k% p" {- n& s7 h& v0 k+ u
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 A$ G) V- V5 ]7 E 73. Policy of austerity! D4 i! I* t4 U5 H
74. Rent withholding' ]) S; Q5 ~& z/ `- z* `! Y
75. Refusal to rent
: r; x9 U" ~+ V+ Z b 76. National consumers’ boycott7 P- M, H/ c/ c! |
77. International consumers’ boycott9 I' g# t# z, E0 G! k* H
+ `7 G9 F- u0 l# |
Action by Workers and Producers0 U- z* i7 M1 Q
78. Workmen’s boycott, {9 f, J' ^, ]$ ]: W" I
79. Producers’ boycott
8 Q) l( H" L4 {0 H S5 ?) E2 ~" \0 H! |) R- Y- Z+ B w. ?6 G
Action by Middlemen8 c) v1 n" h) e
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott1 j3 j+ G, I/ b1 m7 u/ k7 G1 {
! |: @$ S D' s+ T `+ `- [Action by Owners and Management
- r* d4 l' m1 k6 W 81. Traders’ boycott
# ~$ N) s* z" q3 C6 [ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
! m/ B6 @+ c9 t6 e5 S 83. Lockout
9 I7 [# z8 m* v; F5 X 84. Refusal of industrial assistance4 R4 l+ O4 E' D9 {# N+ c
85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 \0 ~$ {' a. e
5 A) g1 T/ g' {3 U
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
! W$ A9 K: t( g( p2 L3 p# f* } 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- V; p T+ m" N; ?! A" B" k& G
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments) o4 f8 f$ N6 d# W* n8 `* f
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
. K+ v+ O5 d. ~ 89. Severance of funds and credit; M& |3 r) a( R: k# @, K, h
90. Revenue refusal, p) D( l5 ^; g& Z) j' u
91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 \7 n6 ?9 i$ _& ~, S' d. t) P5 K' E! Y2 c: }3 E7 c
Action by Governments
9 h4 u. r' y+ q! l 92. Domestic embargo: \) G3 P. k: }# p: E
93. Blacklisting of traders
5 O: ~# H4 M2 m 94. International sellers’ embargo8 l$ ?9 [, g4 C- \* H) `" @
95. International buyers’ embargo
' I. H$ D. I% j+ x; o- |& l+ c 96. International trade embargo
5 K7 o* b( w/ h2 W" H. N4 N' x9 b3 K
" G& ~ ~4 K9 c- R2 v; q9 X. F8 @7 E, p
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE- h4 ]& a- H; n4 i5 k5 t1 c1 |$ M
% N% l" ~; v6 V; Y6 z" y2 V
9 [6 n# U+ v5 c$ J' K G# n* mSymbolic Strikes L5 P- Z: m- I& R- j) {
97. Protest strike
/ d2 e8 p' h( O8 U! x8 \$ d2 g& X8 \ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
! w. a0 ?8 q5 X/ l6 {0 B _4 A. V' W1 y$ Y
Agricultural Strikes
& q4 Q2 M2 y H& B" J- I 99. Peasant strike
7 a: k* r! t! z& V1 @) B 100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ ?5 q* [$ b% |3 k a- i
6 h- [' c( i# H: i$ fStrikes by Special Groups
0 T( n2 F# f7 r! X) { 101. Refusal of impressed labor: ~3 k8 }" z9 i7 r& r+ B
102. Prisoners’ strike/ R: F% |0 R! f/ T8 ~* v' w
103. Craft strike
( m9 K; `% y) Z4 _9 N9 g 104. Professional strike
$ V' l3 T) |5 i+ v; }9 B9 ?9 w& p8 I) C+ B h A4 h2 Z
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' w; y, Z; m3 K! r- V6 I, z6 U6 p' ^ 105. Establishment strike9 ~8 X" ~: ]3 j U8 M) ^" N( S% s
106. Industry strike
4 K7 |! ^ P. n" h. _ 107. Sympathetic strike# M; U8 u* ~! }6 E1 E, }, f
2 G1 d# G7 k! w
Restricted Strikes8 c% B# _$ E0 F+ j4 S# b0 }
108. Detailed strike0 Z8 f7 H" t3 A1 U9 c& z7 O
109. Bumper strike
7 |: O" A. a3 U 110. Slowdown strike
- F- x; l1 N! n) L! j8 }% l8 N 111. Working-to-rule strike) K; U, R8 U7 ~/ {9 j% D/ y
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)9 W/ |3 X- s( h/ h S5 H
113. Strike by resignation7 j; X( n# i; Q$ P" ~+ W
114. Limited strike
& I" }, p5 Y0 u0 o% l 115. Selective strike
1 w) `+ w6 ?7 `
# i" U4 _% ?3 E5 YMulti-Industry Strikes
- v+ L9 e* y" e% e" ~; i7 g. t n5 u5 j# F+ ~) _# H1 I+ P! F
116. Generalized strike
7 y9 B" w+ z! q+ `! J( T
) R% X3 J7 N* F" |0 Z1 O 117. General strike% r- U) u9 y/ ~
: H- k. N, Q: w, p! u/ W' ^Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures* }5 b/ |2 O, t
1 ~4 u6 F4 h8 c+ L/ d1 f% G
118. Hartal5 P1 {( ^) @( l1 v1 Z0 v, A6 h
& ^( @8 v3 H: K6 ?2 n+ D ^ 119. Economic shutdown
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2 H7 f' J& C2 D9 d( b$ }
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
% F, L& Y# Z; `: l) g6 W; \+ ?9 {8 {4 k2 Z: H
; I2 Z: Q* E' Y) ~" y3 j" U! F# r2 kRejection of Authority' @, w& q* D9 z0 j* N) P/ \ H
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* G' A: `3 d3 R+ B 121. Refusal of public support
3 h+ \! p8 d5 i6 T 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 M: d. K% H6 k: e
9 n2 m |3 o! r% l9 J% kCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ G( G/ k5 t6 H% w" r4 x3 J
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
2 s! F$ F, G; R) i( X 124. Boycott of elections
; [$ B2 r* q! [- {- c: ~+ p 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 w. w; i& }! h5 i9 V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies `- ?" a# [; e2 V' ~; d- g B$ ?
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions3 S# E; V9 ~( `& p! _
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations# G N5 t# V+ I" G5 V9 o
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents7 e* S5 W- S& S# z; }# f
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- ]# o K5 X) x3 l: h, E1 `
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 r8 J/ n# G0 t- x5 L" I, w 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
, L% e5 x0 f- A0 P$ v! ]
9 j# W* Q. @% I' s+ u3 j& G8 z1 l! dCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
7 \* a+ {! ~( D6 k 133. Reluctant and slow compliance8 U9 l% z# p. k5 d2 {' u
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
" h; t& H$ E/ j1 Q7 o 135. Popular nonobedience
8 l9 v) r% i. h: `, \ 136. Disguised disobedience. B8 \2 S+ H& {# V" U0 T# n
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse! H/ x+ f! a/ o( d
138. Sitdown
) }4 j; D1 d+ f/ z: A9 y0 l) n$ R 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- Q- N& n9 F) G7 M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 @8 X1 W" @, _" ?, f 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
- F4 D$ H8 l7 J9 j3 v
& ?$ q( W/ }8 D, c+ y( XAction by Government Personnel
' d7 T! M: |, C8 K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. G$ _4 e$ D. @' r% I( G
143. Blocking of lines of command and information! U* I/ m: ?5 o! w7 ^
144. Stalling and obstruction
& m; [" Z- v7 R4 P4 \, S" T 145. General administrative noncooperation& K3 S1 M4 L) a* s
8 Y7 X2 w$ `; r4 F 146. Judicial noncooperation
) G' U+ r3 {8 U9 B 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
- ]0 n% ^% j; Y5 C" c2 d1 T; p 148. Mutiny+ S z" s/ g' P- }1 @
Domestic Governmental Action% z: g$ }* u2 H' Q% s
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. M0 \9 m( l7 c: x D, ?9 { 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
6 e1 t8 V) ] D$ s5 Z0 l+ i' @+ D7 G8 ~) X) O8 ~9 R, G
International Governmental Action
+ F! }& e. q6 b; t1 f' J 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations' K" d& M. r3 Y, x, Y
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events. J6 U8 b5 y9 P0 w* x4 l0 I
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- a% P( V0 c5 f2 }3 A0 g 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
/ T) I+ m2 u6 f" e0 r2 b 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! s6 o7 |' i3 t' | 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- B/ t) i: Y7 x 157. Expulsion from international organizations9 g* \3 c2 q, m" S8 ?- y; [
5 Q2 K! ^4 V8 F, k, |6 W 7 q U; c" l3 g$ p- j
0 C7 ~9 M! F7 |THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
0 e/ L+ A( K+ p0 `( [9 F- F 158. Self-exposure to the elements
& J. N" t3 j; @. e3 ? 159. The fast
1 H# s0 a9 G8 J W" L3 k4 I a) Fast of moral pressure3 S- k7 k/ {4 z9 R7 G& s+ U
b) Hunger strike5 j' D) y! ]! S* U, X
c) Satyagrahic fast
4 |; }4 h; y$ D3 l S- _' v; } 160. Reverse trial
( R0 w B3 a8 h9 `/ N 161. Nonviolent harassment
0 X2 W8 E2 C, b6 Z( j4 a( }3 L2 C7 E" T5 c6 l
Physical Intervention
# b2 w2 j: W8 D 162. Sit-in
( f) K2 I- a8 q0 O7 z 163. Stand-in
* z& j7 H2 J+ m d7 N2 G# T 164. Ride-in4 T: l! F. t: n, p; c* ]7 n
165. Wade-in4 ^( n, z3 t1 k
166. Mill-in# s; g a, l/ A8 Y; T2 F
167. Pray-in
4 c! y6 U. M9 W, @6 t( C 168. Nonviolent raids
1 W2 W9 G) K: C6 o" m 169. Nonviolent air raids1 m. ?, A" S- [" d. D" q: g2 Z% E1 Q
170. Nonviolent invasion& O S0 ^) ^0 A9 m% l
171. Nonviolent interjection# `$ C* B: K* c8 m
172. Nonviolent obstruction+ `& S& S+ r. x+ p7 @; v; E
173. Nonviolent occupation
* D6 _- E) [* ?
V& H! e) N1 O7 V# p6 _( ZSocial Intervention9 `1 L j" f. p* d f V1 c
174. Establishing new social patterns4 N7 y" W w4 F T; C8 U
175. Overloading of facilities% S2 J q+ t _0 m9 C
176. Stall-in. D6 c* E. t6 T
177. Speak-in- L1 D: [9 U5 D9 F5 R
178. Guerrilla theater
5 N5 c# g# e t 179. Alternative social institutions
! x9 Z) f$ P5 Y2 ~* A; f 180. Alternative communication system. I' q) f4 l8 W. q! x, b* i, G
/ P6 Y- l9 F' H$ S2 y1 t
Economic Intervention
# T: g- G1 G2 H1 S% d 181. Reverse strike
5 H" o7 v% U1 b1 ]3 i- w i 182. Stay-in strike
5 ~3 a$ O1 ~$ j# V/ }+ D { ~2 I 183. Nonviolent land seizure: o9 C: d6 I) i, x% M& O
184. Defiance of blockades
, w4 S" C6 m5 |' Q 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting v( g/ t4 o' _$ M
186. Preclusive purchasing# m" C8 O, C( }1 e
187. Seizure of assets8 q, x; O6 E, ^" j0 @+ q% A3 o. ~* v
188. Dumping1 Y1 l( _6 d3 m# R: {4 A7 W
189. Selective patronage
) a% M* y$ X: [* ` 190. Alternative markets
8 c4 y+ e" O4 p; b' C" T1 t2 [ 191. Alternative transportation systems; }' ]% Q) b* K+ }; D4 R
192. Alternative economic institutions
% i" O; c# u& N: H5 Q) R2 j7 M" E% D6 _2 g; M
Political Intervention+ B. }7 H$ A5 ?4 P
193. Overloading of administrative systems3 K; Q7 l3 f6 \+ |4 G/ T
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
7 g+ O4 A9 _+ I' Q& \/ M: o 195. Seeking imprisonment
0 S8 c& [) `) U* L7 A+ Y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* o# E! c8 Z& j& ]# y6 F
197. Work-on without collaboration
% t1 t$ e7 [; v, {) [# ] 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government' t! g+ s+ E# x. M1 \2 u1 F
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
