 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ j, y' R2 t9 Q3 e* j$ w; V
Formal Statements1 ^& x, K* [1 i L* X* ?
1. Public Speeches& g0 ~" H8 D, {* O3 b" t% {
2. Letters of opposition or support7 q# }0 R6 }! @$ t
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions3 u" k K8 Z( I2 s' W
4. Signed public statements
# Y& G5 ^ z+ p) E 5. Declarations of indictment and intention1 V A" |4 a1 l% x
6. Group or mass petitions
4 Y4 z1 S0 D$ z( U K) r0 V
! [# E1 x6 j2 l8 dCommunications with a Wider Audience9 ~- t% r: [* A" }3 q
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* Z4 i5 m5 T2 Z! f 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
" L$ E1 Z( z( ?, \- H 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; l( [$ X5 s' p
10. Newspapers and journals( z& P+ Y8 D/ X; C
11. Records, radio, and television; M' }' j, K5 m/ J9 u
12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 v" B* @ s# P, \
6 t3 e4 ]: }+ s: t/ D" b- C
Group Representations, ?3 g2 m, K f+ b
13. Deputations
6 H: S+ S* j; o% r7 r W5 q 14. Mock awards1 U! Y8 ~. z6 \! ]
15. Group lobbying5 ~4 V- P! t3 O' \# s; A: u
16. Picketing
# k# z8 \& J/ S 17. Mock elections) `( _. M, B, |8 E" t
. G$ T! B3 K# t* jSymbolic Public Acts0 j% P6 X* W6 A6 h) Y, N5 Y7 @" @
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors' `) q/ p$ t0 o* e3 E! e/ }: E( i
19. Wearing of symbols: k+ y+ h' { O8 J6 c P
20. Prayer and worship
" X" Z' A4 _+ P+ T J* o5 n' O 21. Delivering symbolic objects7 D3 @1 Q6 b! E; w
22. Protest disrobings
2 z/ q& g# C# M$ Y+ F 23. Destruction of own property$ c7 [8 t7 U$ d& r+ B! }3 b
24. Symbolic lights0 \. r( u# B% M$ W
25. Displays of portraits
+ H& {9 j: ], [$ { 26. Paint as protest
) m+ F! P; F# R3 s0 W 27. New signs and names6 E! w2 [$ \3 |& E
28. Symbolic sounds
! }8 n/ g4 s# t, H& G. E7 { 29. Symbolic reclamations
: M! D, ~+ m8 R) W4 \$ @, D 30. Rude gestures
+ f3 O4 Q1 ~: e% V* e0 K4 z# D a8 n- L
Pressures on Individuals
. Q) ] F0 _, Y; B/ q4 o 31. “Haunting” officials% q, R/ x; J* G
32. Taunting officials
) k2 i* V5 } H: ?/ u Q* m, U9 ~ 33. Fraternization# E4 D) A$ s2 O' E1 u$ _
34. Vigils: ~" U- |* i/ }! W: u3 U+ Z
; ]( c& S3 u$ X1 W5 u0 _8 V
Drama and Music
3 R+ r# N3 u: f0 Y) @8 R" J 35. Humorous skits and pranks' c, a9 A5 l* J" {- X
36. Performances of plays and music
6 o B- a( b0 r( d$ l% x0 Z 37. Singing" ^- L+ `+ X5 E4 [% o/ K |2 V
+ U! q7 b" i2 T: M; q1 B. \; e
Processions
( q& h$ S, d3 U. d" \3 G 38. Marches2 c, X8 y% {( o, A
39. Parades
: D. J/ X0 O5 t9 k 40. Religious processions& O2 m' n* f- U3 I) D
41. Pilgrimages
' S- X* k7 `8 [+ V 42. Motorcades
5 L9 i- A! ], m( p& L
8 O& q& ]% o3 c0 iHonoring the Dead! S2 z. H& z# B- S8 ~8 h# v
43. Political mourning& N' n5 b8 [! k0 D! _7 Z% ^+ c8 P
44. Mock funerals
" R$ S; @) i; X4 [# e 45. Demonstrative funerals
; j, e( o; ^2 a. I6 L9 k: Z# T 46. Homage at burial places( E2 Z5 S! c1 x+ f3 A5 V! j G
+ Q, |/ {5 W$ J; NPublic Assemblies g* l9 s5 x; D2 j, P l* A
47. Assemblies of protest or support3 _; I4 ?% c# C: D/ q; y7 u
48. Protest meetings% _ |: B4 |# ?! Z
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
& b7 v; h$ U7 @ 50. Teach-ins
0 f0 E7 S& ?5 T+ G) B. O0 i5 N$ w$ n5 h+ }7 f5 X/ U3 ?
Withdrawal and Renunciation
0 }! I' I5 }4 |' B 51. Walk-outs5 h6 R0 u6 z8 R( \9 H! w4 O
52. Silence* R# t; T2 t3 E
53. Renouncing honors g( z& k+ A/ L: \* h* C5 u
54. Turning one’s back
1 l& D( T6 y" K# }0 K4 x% l
% b- c7 {) ~' ~2 S: _+ M * s& t* ~2 s. O& O9 g, o5 n9 h/ f8 s
8 y. S: ?2 K& ~" nTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
- y2 }- C; i, M# z+ g8 G# I1 [$ }- C: f6 E3 r. x% [
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Ostracism of Persons
4 k6 v1 q, W. U: }+ o 55. Social boycott5 w8 ]! e( U$ J" r( Y" D
56. Selective social boycott* i! F4 D& f+ ]! J
57. Lysistratic nonaction
9 O) ?, h4 n! i- r% X* ^9 Q 58. Excommunication, p8 K6 y* ^7 L O3 P& ~! c6 j
59. Interdict$ a% J+ ^. D. t& d' m4 p
. W( X7 V0 z9 I' U8 c* @Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
3 x3 I9 ^ L+ ^/ I, ?; ]8 D 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
: G8 I/ b% p2 J) i 61. Boycott of social affairs
- U: ^5 z$ F7 S% b9 _$ V- d 62. Student strike6 r( A& e6 m0 A: H
63. Social disobedience
+ e R: ^3 ?9 b& x! _; H# e" d 64. Withdrawal from social institutions9 [- r0 J) P4 W8 Y! A
) {3 I! f2 {, F; k- n. _0 iWithdrawal from the Social System, }# b2 K! J( f1 T8 v
65. Stay-at-home
! L. ^! ` z1 \7 ?% G6 D4 l6 x 66. Total personal noncooperation- x: c& A$ T) \0 @; G
67. “Flight” of workers R' ^- T0 T: M5 R# b( l
68. Sanctuary
! j. S: L$ U1 I& W: |7 e 69. Collective disappearance- V2 s# e+ t% `4 ^6 ~9 o7 {+ V
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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: m3 G) w/ [' B
( S8 u; H: M' `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; h- w% { z1 S' {6 t
* `; Z6 r* j' e9 f7 h
7 r7 C) r5 Y/ T; M- D
Actions by Consumers
R$ U1 ^2 |& y 71. Consumers’ boycott, u( D$ q4 h4 m
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods9 R. z7 H7 j0 `5 i' ], p8 r# S
73. Policy of austerity8 }1 V' H3 f ?5 [+ T8 V" i
74. Rent withholding
6 ?1 K7 ~8 b* B0 K1 {0 W1 y 75. Refusal to rent
- `8 d# i* w% F1 a 76. National consumers’ boycott
6 ]9 N9 ?- z$ w6 J0 h3 O1 ~ 77. International consumers’ boycott* ~$ e, j6 I* j" J: Y
& f7 j; H7 k7 JAction by Workers and Producers
( n' H1 F. L9 o2 j 78. Workmen’s boycott
" P$ J9 b5 W; M% q0 T- ~6 C 79. Producers’ boycott
1 R, u# j1 y4 F
- I/ z7 `4 p. l& CAction by Middlemen8 G4 A: H7 v- k* I8 b1 y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
! P5 f( L$ U- N9 z# d" Y; }5 ~
8 l+ e. V, v7 o" ^Action by Owners and Management
$ k, |8 I i2 l$ c. Z8 Y" _ 81. Traders’ boycott" _1 d. J$ j; Z/ W0 @0 v
82. Refusal to let or sell property
$ V/ o4 F' c: Q# K. l$ \, g; W 83. Lockout
, x: J6 T5 m. L# g 84. Refusal of industrial assistance% g! l( A m/ T$ X4 F" k5 y$ D4 A4 y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 b: a. O' {3 a( F& S
7 E7 E. p8 y/ {3 O9 ~
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
% W2 j) {9 h, c. j: |# X3 z 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits E+ g8 B" i, r( j( c
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 h9 O2 s8 L- U# C" g7 L/ ^ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
* i ]9 q0 W" @7 ^; F1 E7 J+ _# z 89. Severance of funds and credit
" S) P8 F) ~8 S! p ?) _. u, e 90. Revenue refusal
6 h, E, r. v5 f3 J3 }5 O5 |1 l 91. Refusal of a government’s money
# w$ F7 d% j+ S: L2 _2 S& y, C+ K
7 b2 a7 B! f q' H( TAction by Governments
1 Y, q- e5 S2 D4 @1 {, p 92. Domestic embargo
E4 p5 _- V" M( t" r: f 93. Blacklisting of traders$ m+ |2 n* Z4 P4 o ?
94. International sellers’ embargo0 X9 L( r O$ w- m; T4 }! z
95. International buyers’ embargo
; e; S+ V' l. d# {7 [7 [* T' C 96. International trade embargo
' y" d; ^; T% ?: c! B/ O% D+ ^, v/ y. \1 s0 S# q
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& L" [$ S2 G$ [& C* ~4 O+ v7 y' i& ]THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE& |; \5 z) o, {' X" t. p! N# i, J
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9 h5 C* \0 Z! f9 V9 @/ s* J
Symbolic Strikes
; F7 y q- l. b 97. Protest strike# i- C7 X" X8 J$ Q# S
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike), l/ [+ B, D3 {
) s+ ~) k9 U& F" U( L/ oAgricultural Strikes
/ @9 |( z. X7 e: k+ _% n 99. Peasant strike P; Q- ^5 I; h0 B/ F; ?! `7 Y! J
100. Farm Workers’ strike
( M' A$ R8 z5 F- Q! L3 D5 b) H7 X& f0 O' U4 h% \7 f7 h$ ~/ | Z ]
Strikes by Special Groups% \# t8 C) w' b$ k s) V0 K% S
101. Refusal of impressed labor) x; F3 L8 Q' A# V; s
102. Prisoners’ strike
( U% g [; H- A& m, R! E, P6 _ 103. Craft strike; L4 z+ c* b: | n
104. Professional strike
2 `$ D" A& f. z) z& A* @ N% C: A) P' V# J+ t. [/ d2 E* G; k+ t0 [! o
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' @9 Y* C5 X; U 105. Establishment strike; Z' z/ V' L' B. c; b- [
106. Industry strike
9 v0 ~; W! q' U/ m 107. Sympathetic strike
& }& X- U( s4 j. k+ P) _& e6 z+ K2 m: o# K* v* ^. Y4 @2 @3 m
Restricted Strikes
4 ~8 r6 h& a. b% }% C 108. Detailed strike9 ?7 c$ g8 ]# {& D
109. Bumper strike5 l( l4 I5 Y6 D" Q
110. Slowdown strike1 b# F) X7 T' l* j
111. Working-to-rule strike9 j l, I+ z3 l$ S* P. `% X
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" X6 G6 m3 U5 f; n# b 113. Strike by resignation3 ?# Y4 z# g- ?) U
114. Limited strike5 J" K% ^6 Q0 G* C( v
115. Selective strike
& t, [7 v) R0 A/ }7 Y0 e P ~
. I# w1 y" L- x& f) x lMulti-Industry Strikes8 O7 b# o, k$ _1 d& ?
" V# k- ?8 A2 _+ @ 116. Generalized strike
2 N+ G& d! E' C' l/ `4 f4 \( p9 P
117. General strike% G1 ]3 u+ O8 B, U: ]
$ ^% _% o @0 D8 ]Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; J9 J% q# Z& U# H+ I, c
. C5 Q2 A/ ?( x: T, y) Q8 o, _
118. Hartal
{. U4 X( O/ ]! L+ Z% @3 F" f. O3 I! z- @" [
119. Economic shutdown
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, @0 z# q2 s8 H+ h8 F% Y( I! l& T7 ?6 N5 [& G. w q; m
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 x6 R9 `; q6 C4 a) K
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/ c2 u$ Z1 G7 |1 |$ uRejection of Authority. E& \: q2 K+ a+ y+ g
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance% r% {) Q' {* v- E
121. Refusal of public support% e& n- q+ Y- S, J3 R$ I+ ~
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance8 r6 z5 @; `2 s, D
7 M5 a9 W2 x7 K" Y% y# w
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 s, a, T2 L. b, I% g( r4 J* j
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
! z2 P0 v- K( v2 E8 s 124. Boycott of elections
; w, H! f( |3 {- u5 I$ N0 Z 125. Boycott of government employment and positions' r& h0 W/ }3 n; q
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 R) N4 d4 a n% r 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" S( ~8 [; ^5 R# h/ Z9 t6 j- a
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' m+ b$ P ^9 U8 r$ d 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents9 F. q; J+ O; s! u' K7 q; F
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
4 t$ g+ Q" h+ ~; x5 ^ 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 J- q5 i; e: F0 K8 ], w# [9 r 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
- p4 x7 z' S! j% [# R- ]7 k$ ~! [3 _0 s1 R8 E6 W
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience4 P1 h6 g% w1 J) z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 n! {: J5 B, [% t" w* D
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& H3 G; b' P* a. j+ a6 O8 ]
135. Popular nonobedience
: l4 s. w5 ?* i, m) O 136. Disguised disobedience
3 ^) d4 q! U) J5 w* h$ [" A' O 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse K' b( h, D6 N- N2 l- I. f9 l; H" m
138. Sitdown4 S, D7 w E. E8 i0 N* P" c6 j
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) p$ Q. X4 C: \7 U" B 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities6 h; g, T+ r. K& M7 w! H$ P
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 |, s, t/ w3 `
6 I/ G% Z# W) o6 a2 n. PAction by Government Personnel, l- A5 p: U; b& T2 D$ K; n) B
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides# L) f2 r# h9 w8 y. x- B+ W
143. Blocking of lines of command and information. e4 x! h( X, Z x
144. Stalling and obstruction
: c+ G F8 W+ F: X' Q M( P0 X; A 145. General administrative noncooperation
: d# U3 s% P, H4 h: U$ K( @$ F2 V
146. Judicial noncooperation
8 P q/ k5 b& o0 t 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents- r2 b, T/ D1 K( P8 g
148. Mutiny& } M5 z# \/ H2 c$ ^% B, ~" ~
Domestic Governmental Action
' n5 s# [" v; e1 R 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 D, X3 {. y0 ^* l0 A$ {. ]: r
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
" s: d' ]$ y: e6 z: |
J _2 n) m+ ^1 a7 CInternational Governmental Action
7 n' q' b5 _# {5 T5 F3 z* @5 I, X* v 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations y$ z4 |( s. z: v" m! _& y% U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
" v" G3 t( ]4 | 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. y9 e! m- s1 l% F% _% D: p) U
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 Z* L- {0 ?! o1 B4 {' O3 b 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
1 ]" j3 L4 k3 E 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 h& B# h6 }- {9 g
157. Expulsion from international organizations
! Q0 _$ x7 [8 f8 ]1 w. Z8 m7 y! D& B7 {% I8 T
, j/ z/ P( x! t+ [- x7 J# P
0 Z8 ]3 _) y7 ~( O; DTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION+ Z4 w0 H4 d% C
8 I6 R% ` ?* n$ |: `& n( v# C1 ^
` T4 Q1 P3 y+ o, n- S2 q% @2 g0 [Psychological Intervention h9 n; y2 N u, t- o1 l3 i! T
158. Self-exposure to the elements7 T* ]9 g1 [& e- r4 j4 T5 i: e, D
159. The fast: T: Y& U* Y4 v" t" }5 p
a) Fast of moral pressure
$ r3 s3 U' G4 K* L* W b) Hunger strike) B4 ~0 o: h& M2 f4 w
c) Satyagrahic fast; `7 o" n6 o. o
160. Reverse trial
4 F2 {& U# ] ~ 161. Nonviolent harassment
% ~5 v: k. D5 T5 c" U( f1 E2 [' Y
I. L& r% _( p& O- l7 h& N4 KPhysical Intervention+ |: Q4 K" s' T" m& I9 b
162. Sit-in
; g* J) r, R2 n! F' z, z2 ]. e 163. Stand-in
1 U! F: H5 ]" U( K/ W 164. Ride-in# m. ]8 I0 J1 E$ M1 F- L( l
165. Wade-in6 u% X* N5 N- @ v' \
166. Mill-in9 B4 k! ~, i: }( S$ S; Z/ H" t
167. Pray-in
& I! G" ?8 t1 c' H) [% C 168. Nonviolent raids1 K; G0 ^8 P; v0 m) |6 Q
169. Nonviolent air raids3 p+ ]0 w- S# _* q1 C: T
170. Nonviolent invasion8 p, W* }# f7 \; Q! G S
171. Nonviolent interjection
* _1 X4 f5 S6 {7 b 172. Nonviolent obstruction
( `2 ~6 c3 u' h/ ]; ], c 173. Nonviolent occupation
; r. F5 ~* [: `8 S5 \% A1 U% I4 b; @. T" q+ s# K; d: P1 e/ T3 c& Z
Social Intervention
& u# d, g$ a+ _ 174. Establishing new social patterns
! ]6 S0 `8 \ C- o 175. Overloading of facilities4 A/ g. ^, q1 h4 R, r& X+ ^: o
176. Stall-in( D7 t7 y0 e' @
177. Speak-in, G3 r" ` v" S0 O( { x H
178. Guerrilla theater
- J7 b) b% ` a' h" t6 a 179. Alternative social institutions
# H- G) H% t% d, Z 180. Alternative communication system
; f4 J0 ^, E" k/ n l: [
: K( P& x+ K7 h! P4 VEconomic Intervention
' q& l0 P$ l% Q' R 181. Reverse strike" r2 z3 v0 T( F }* U
182. Stay-in strike1 A: F$ V( v8 {0 r x2 S! X
183. Nonviolent land seizure
" @' q# m6 O0 P! F9 N: r& W 184. Defiance of blockades
: C0 S) f5 w) h6 q8 R 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
- _: U+ q4 }; v& X- H' O* \; x8 l8 v 186. Preclusive purchasing
/ c* }2 m% @1 E4 G# B, [3 M9 q 187. Seizure of assets7 ^8 \5 q; v' n' J* t; T
188. Dumping
% Y5 P; q4 Z- n) o0 N) d 189. Selective patronage$ j; p; g* I0 t4 o o
190. Alternative markets7 J3 l" I7 X- I6 D. C
191. Alternative transportation systems
' B+ [4 F' R2 B! P5 ^ 192. Alternative economic institutions
4 I, l3 D% ?' F' I0 b; ~( C
; q7 C+ j5 u' h/ ?2 z! X2 A2 NPolitical Intervention& x% c. J! _, p3 P& r" _. n% t
193. Overloading of administrative systems
3 f' a: h8 H$ H3 U- j1 i$ { 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; ~9 V8 a4 W, h
195. Seeking imprisonment) z; m4 o3 J3 q: A2 C
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
/ T7 u, C( R2 [* ~" n 197. Work-on without collaboration, T) c; b" b4 t c3 v0 o+ A9 B
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
