 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ N) K# c# _& k4 b+ a) C
Formal Statements% ^$ i. p5 W0 E; P: U p' I, X
1. Public Speeches' R U8 b* j5 u6 q& M
2. Letters of opposition or support m# t7 K2 a7 L3 W9 _
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions) d5 O! T# n; ]) X& G" G7 n k
4. Signed public statements
; b8 O& M! p& k3 B' }/ i: L |2 f 5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 i9 [8 F# B, N" H, }* \8 u+ r
6. Group or mass petitions
/ @. g, x `% A' p) S" v Z4 R0 m- Y( O
Communications with a Wider Audience: P! D7 x, K! I6 [1 c; \1 j
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" X* G# s2 U* ^- o# M' A; z2 y6 `# n 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
: Q' E6 H( k9 T+ L 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% r, ]8 ^: ^9 A
10. Newspapers and journals
& e, ]3 ]) E! T( C0 u, |8 I 11. Records, radio, and television; u1 G( C8 b6 |# V e& B4 @
12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 E% v9 K( v2 [7 ]+ e0 _
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Group Representations, L6 b4 h- v# W% n$ S5 v9 T: h
13. Deputations" M" W" Z9 g: j+ T+ [- r9 [& V& f
14. Mock awards/ J% c, L/ K: a7 ~* G0 B5 I
15. Group lobbying! N8 \- A4 R0 X" g
16. Picketing
% D/ ]% S" d' y# M7 ?7 t- W$ Q6 Q 17. Mock elections4 B' D! v; A1 j$ d0 ^7 T1 e6 x
4 F" d8 E/ j1 j) ~- W) T8 X, V2 jSymbolic Public Acts- S; E+ U- R$ B1 Q
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
" p; n. B1 z* A% @( C( ~9 O 19. Wearing of symbols
, o& o7 t' \ X1 L2 G7 [8 q 20. Prayer and worship
9 b6 U7 l' O( c; J1 p( W7 O& i 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 ?9 [2 k2 u+ u- l# Y8 a7 E 22. Protest disrobings
. N; E' T: t1 Q+ K1 y7 T 23. Destruction of own property5 }3 ], ~' H0 i! O H+ X$ j. K
24. Symbolic lights, d4 d# s- t1 y0 ?" M/ ^
25. Displays of portraits& R' H) y! D# s2 \9 z
26. Paint as protest
2 l# D( q7 k) N0 ]6 ` 27. New signs and names: Z+ W4 s& v$ P( p
28. Symbolic sounds: H% F* ^) Q9 Q, N
29. Symbolic reclamations
[& s8 p$ p9 C 30. Rude gestures2 b. O4 \( S+ l+ n+ m5 X- T
: z! j% v3 ~& ^) x' uPressures on Individuals5 N: P( o3 \, V. E2 Y* w$ x
31. “Haunting” officials
! X. J8 w) g6 \) ~4 G5 _' Z 32. Taunting officials1 P, y. p; k0 Z: o$ Y9 ]/ O2 L
33. Fraternization, y& O3 \; t- h, [5 t) L' |
34. Vigils5 B. h1 }+ \, j9 N" b$ n7 U V
; r' }5 A* B8 Y* @/ M4 j3 ^; B
Drama and Music
4 @' \7 `+ Z% O, u8 u. a8 k 35. Humorous skits and pranks( p& A% h$ ~4 |. b- _) \
36. Performances of plays and music4 x: u2 r- W+ d' N8 W
37. Singing
5 H# _( F. A) E. S o* E
* B$ t$ G+ Q& {1 E7 ^, WProcessions
& k, d2 v8 O% @' ? 38. Marches
6 H% R1 [1 r9 d( ]7 ~5 M6 P 39. Parades
, x5 O J2 e; V* P8 s 40. Religious processions
7 }1 p* l6 R) {7 R& I& @ 41. Pilgrimages
: R' d" g6 z0 p 42. Motorcades
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* {% O0 u( Z: f" o2 ]Honoring the Dead
# X& ?' q( K I/ z$ k( R 43. Political mourning* S, \2 O* {0 v( r
44. Mock funerals
' x I0 G7 ^0 l7 f) V9 j8 C 45. Demonstrative funerals* j& n, {6 M9 u7 ^) T t# J% B
46. Homage at burial places+ Q' ~1 B+ j' ?7 C2 v
" _, e- ]* m! k7 l6 q- ]% c8 ~+ \, qPublic Assemblies
0 M! P2 I9 L* T( X, R" W" v 47. Assemblies of protest or support& q( z; R9 k' C- ~- J7 P
48. Protest meetings& n* l: [6 |$ L+ M
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest7 J% u1 J" n$ L: w3 |
50. Teach-ins
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1 k+ |8 \) R* p( Y' _. b; qWithdrawal and Renunciation$ v2 i" A6 r H
51. Walk-outs
- J& Y* b. F+ E8 _( r 52. Silence; n8 u6 r4 O' I+ f& M
53. Renouncing honors( ?. z5 F" o7 F0 g3 W o6 F9 {" N4 Z
54. Turning one’s back
6 x5 _. X1 ~# R' Z6 U* H% z' T0 e
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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D6 q: Z1 k1 S/ H: C% S
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Ostracism of Persons; e: Y+ M; u$ D( r4 F
55. Social boycott
5 k; a) B( N9 d- G ?" R& {; ^ 56. Selective social boycott+ ]' @5 A; g+ X, h- V- a
57. Lysistratic nonaction* f" I$ |! y% L5 l0 @% K
58. Excommunication8 n8 N9 D' o! s, B
59. Interdict: p8 m3 x6 a# {/ ^4 F
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions4 b8 _% Q( m' ?" w: Q6 p: B
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 f9 M; r7 Z2 A" X 61. Boycott of social affairs- k& V* Z) N2 z, w
62. Student strike: P& H. }' w, k
63. Social disobedience
H0 m2 D) [' \ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
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- I: b; z! S. dWithdrawal from the Social System3 B3 Q" {# w y- q4 H% Y4 i2 c
65. Stay-at-home
) p1 _$ t+ r7 W/ v 66. Total personal noncooperation" O1 d% p$ W1 ?2 c8 ^+ r0 Q
67. “Flight” of workers
% {: ]; R- f$ k# S$ D8 Q 68. Sanctuary
* X2 |6 b. L7 q+ M6 x 69. Collective disappearance; S9 F+ w; M9 _1 D8 ]" A0 ~
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)" T, K( X* M" i: h+ Y: Q
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: d. Z3 o9 U* {# b# HTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers+ }2 ?8 B T- j. |/ I f
71. Consumers’ boycott( u+ d6 i' \2 _3 w
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
1 L, R9 I: x/ p3 C( P- S 73. Policy of austerity% V! d* V! {7 m+ M# r8 V
74. Rent withholding) J- u$ b1 t/ e* G4 J
75. Refusal to rent
7 r. w% u; u: b2 c 76. National consumers’ boycott
+ I# [: m1 M$ ] 77. International consumers’ boycott- I" E; V7 A, c+ a7 w, A- L
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Action by Workers and Producers( A* A+ F& ~3 k3 ]( r" a' s8 m% l
78. Workmen’s boycott, y" u# I6 d; D# }. |4 s X
79. Producers’ boycott$ c$ @: {* U; _8 \ C6 h4 o
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Action by Middlemen4 X# n# O" k3 O/ P' Z0 H
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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9 J* y3 i; r- V. VAction by Owners and Management
1 n- @5 F x, w8 \- D 81. Traders’ boycott
1 ^9 r% Y; g# ] 82. Refusal to let or sell property1 I" u. ]6 @0 @- D! g" C* H
83. Lockout2 s, d7 M. t: K4 b' w
84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 n3 J. ~4 Q) s
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 [! t9 K6 w/ ]+ _ c0 d$ K
. g, `- } k: k' S1 K: HAction by Holders of Financial Resources
! I4 f0 e, u- t+ M* W 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits L0 P3 l$ Q7 H
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 {* h9 x- x9 e3 l+ G 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' o" Y0 w- z6 U0 ?9 P" t
89. Severance of funds and credit% {3 K1 A( Y* |3 X1 h2 a& Q- S& j7 d
90. Revenue refusal
9 _0 i( Q" x$ U: m, z+ z 91. Refusal of a government’s money( [/ ~0 R: M+ S K/ d* K
- \ c" j2 E: h/ n \, bAction by Governments
! U+ r; Y% y' n9 w4 d 92. Domestic embargo
" w! q0 ]4 U" Q5 M( ~ 93. Blacklisting of traders" d/ K8 h4 w$ q
94. International sellers’ embargo
$ s+ K0 ?, S e) y 95. International buyers’ embargo6 |4 v/ \. H# J1 c+ M/ [4 V0 A
96. International trade embargo
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; r# k8 m0 j9 qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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/ c; d8 T4 E- z! E6 {" R- {5 U4 E1 F - {) p( m3 W( r! @9 Q1 o
Symbolic Strikes
& F, |7 G/ }' Z* }0 b: `, d |- n 97. Protest strike! B8 l0 @# M4 W* f
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike) g2 f" F+ n) I E* O: s
* e; A# z6 F3 ?% X
Agricultural Strikes
+ ]+ ?/ R4 V9 b, T$ T9 }% D 99. Peasant strike0 ~% s3 B' X8 z5 K) H( F
100. Farm Workers’ strike- e0 s" ^; {1 M: d
) O1 ]0 i$ G# g% C; j }
Strikes by Special Groups
& v- [8 J# k8 k( Q$ G 101. Refusal of impressed labor
% k: K+ r% y; |1 C3 @8 C3 c4 F 102. Prisoners’ strike
- U# d8 ~8 J4 \7 ^7 ^1 h! F* R 103. Craft strike, s7 l# F: e; |# D' E' s; z" S
104. Professional strike3 B, T8 J% v* I3 f0 e. R
4 B3 |1 [4 \1 o7 uOrdinary Industrial Strikes
$ @4 a) `2 X- N( L( D' E 105. Establishment strike
: V# L- }* l6 ?+ j8 C. x# |5 b 106. Industry strike
% c# h9 C: C5 C- x! k2 E 107. Sympathetic strike5 Z% ]% P0 }0 K c
2 V! ^4 b6 c: @' O* URestricted Strikes1 S4 J4 n- k3 m/ i+ n
108. Detailed strike
0 w I5 a C- b. O% X) f 109. Bumper strike
& z3 t" Z$ c) p1 _ 110. Slowdown strike( m2 }; d1 f J3 I! n
111. Working-to-rule strike, ^, X3 U3 W4 L9 h6 b% Q
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
5 o3 H% l" e, l. y0 g 113. Strike by resignation* A7 R0 S) \- \# h7 e0 L
114. Limited strike) P3 P4 Q9 |! U& O+ h/ \
115. Selective strike# C2 [7 C7 L3 g
- w- w0 Q) M6 o2 H4 RMulti-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike" B1 X' Q' G3 C# M
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117. General strike8 p8 I5 o& j5 O$ e6 \
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal5 u% ] x2 M0 `+ s
1 w, L$ E g+ n- o 119. Economic shutdown1 D% A* k9 p- Z) [; E0 ?7 `( S
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7 b6 I4 b9 q' f; TTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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! ^* g) @; X# Y1 zRejection of Authority; g9 q& ~' ]$ e5 K/ s
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance o( ]6 p6 p' M$ W- W
121. Refusal of public support4 u0 ]' c* Q- [
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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+ W7 J# N: r% r0 j( G" Q, n- UCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
+ {) w) t, F$ L/ B b- ^ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
- E3 _5 b i% m1 t/ Q0 k4 y 124. Boycott of elections( n7 N7 {7 ^& y1 ~; K N0 x
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
1 n, b" W9 O0 s* b- w 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' @; N. O) _# f6 l3 x( F4 g( { 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions1 W5 D6 q& @$ B, x4 [
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations1 ~8 q, r! {) t, ~
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
4 l0 R! N% t! Z s- t+ p1 ^; O4 P 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) E- |& X: l& \' d e2 ?2 }
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
' Z }. _8 N8 V/ ]7 n6 x X 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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2 k" V7 b) E3 a/ W9 wCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, C. B R* {# Z8 i 133. Reluctant and slow compliance7 v7 Z" g- Y& G; c) r0 P5 D
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
4 i$ m( V9 `4 j [ 135. Popular nonobedience
$ w: y5 t' I. F! X) c2 S5 T3 e 136. Disguised disobedience$ v1 I) o. q0 |* t
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
+ ~& Y, l7 T) r$ ^# I* S3 L 138. Sitdown" J5 v0 e3 P: ]0 v8 v
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
7 Q5 m; T: a/ I0 ` 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities$ g5 i( {* D4 Y, |# i
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 |7 ^& d6 S) X2 B: v
y8 ] Z: P0 k5 Y3 c
Action by Government Personnel4 X2 Y0 n# P$ e% `( l* e
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
0 |' f0 v0 X4 D* l0 f# ~9 o 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
8 L# ]7 B% J2 m' ~/ r 144. Stalling and obstruction
) Z" c6 K4 z' S# [1 e' d 145. General administrative noncooperation
; Z. P' v- Y5 n0 X& Q5 q
3 I. U ~8 v& k; {; Y) X 146. Judicial noncooperation
4 L, H" q* g/ v3 x; C 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
1 u( @! d% P$ F( u 148. Mutiny g( @2 u9 v3 L% \: Z
Domestic Governmental Action
& x! \* K+ g% O6 G, K* x 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays: O) X+ m! R9 b3 W) a
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units' m, G. a/ p& b7 u5 M
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International Governmental Action* K$ \% v' F/ t y" B$ j @
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations- M: r* s1 j- I5 K" O" k
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events# n" b2 p9 c9 v! L. \; x! _" B$ {( p
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 |' c2 H! U- I9 m9 B 154. Severance of diplomatic relations; I4 Z6 y$ b' A- `# Z, w4 ]
155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 o* P2 s J' }1 @
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
2 t& L, y* X- f8 d3 o 157. Expulsion from international organizations' G! \, G) h6 [5 Q; l; n1 ]; [" K
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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, ?% e' n! y$ d# C& }: tPsychological Intervention
! m) S& G1 a" G 158. Self-exposure to the elements
+ [1 g% ^& A6 r" D& N0 g* l! O 159. The fast
7 F! I1 B& z; |- O! {. I, J' M$ X a) Fast of moral pressure: O6 p7 W7 k) V4 e/ H
b) Hunger strike/ V/ X1 n; W6 O2 |0 L9 f; V9 |( {* n
c) Satyagrahic fast
5 }! m8 o- ?! ` 160. Reverse trial
' D2 ^) Z0 h8 P9 }) @" ?9 [) T, ]: z 161. Nonviolent harassment
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Physical Intervention- p r! j, A+ ~( K
162. Sit-in. h, x6 `$ C5 u- `! S
163. Stand-in
* b6 G3 ~5 R. ? 164. Ride-in+ v6 B% ^" s! b- T1 }9 v- o' u; Y( z
165. Wade-in+ X3 a! h. x$ K. n m$ S
166. Mill-in. F1 f# J7 F! s h: L) o
167. Pray-in8 |, T3 z& }- O& n: D
168. Nonviolent raids r5 b# w- q/ J; \9 \# ^8 \
169. Nonviolent air raids' g, |' R' o! l' j3 B' ?
170. Nonviolent invasion- y0 e$ u2 x( s& p4 Z4 }3 _* X
171. Nonviolent interjection
4 [0 r1 r% _6 [ 172. Nonviolent obstruction
/ e# p/ @, @) p 173. Nonviolent occupation
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7 X e9 g1 |( k& C. mSocial Intervention
& V, o3 S! A8 M4 M" G: T 174. Establishing new social patterns
) u* E$ E! p" p" } 175. Overloading of facilities$ m( t! K: s& N4 k- c( m. J
176. Stall-in
% k% E7 O/ J" W) x3 A 177. Speak-in
. i; @8 d8 f/ _: X) b 178. Guerrilla theater R. A* @* q7 x, Y ~2 ]
179. Alternative social institutions
' l" h4 F3 L& y. ]* H7 u- J) T' H 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention
+ x# I+ }' W! \% k( C1 f 181. Reverse strike
! h3 B8 W$ @) [1 X/ V! j8 }: Y 182. Stay-in strike F4 `" ?0 M8 R% O
183. Nonviolent land seizure
/ Z% t! K$ B6 } D/ u! M& Y 184. Defiance of blockades: g; ~# S; o4 S C i X
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
; U- n' O" f8 X p% y; l- S 186. Preclusive purchasing
5 }: Z* C2 o# D* R% i9 U. ?' {! v 187. Seizure of assets* h7 z5 z$ P, J& W) u0 U% |, D
188. Dumping; p5 f' [; {9 `( y, d* S
189. Selective patronage3 U/ A- O$ Y. f4 X
190. Alternative markets
& `1 _6 ~0 ~: f) |9 I 191. Alternative transportation systems$ p1 l9 l3 ?7 V3 c
192. Alternative economic institutions: n& k$ [1 \/ ]1 P9 C: Z* q% U
% i6 X# e0 f2 O9 e5 }
Political Intervention; |3 w9 H% E4 I
193. Overloading of administrative systems
; q( S- r. @0 o! r" I 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; f& @- U5 V% \- R# `
195. Seeking imprisonment3 j* b# `5 O# M7 X
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# `/ H' K# a: O3 w! U" U 197. Work-on without collaboration
; H. B2 q5 h. r) W" d7 j2 N 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
