 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION7 _; M6 }% I$ l' M
Formal Statements
$ q+ q+ }# y( B3 m 1. Public Speeches
8 M% p2 r/ G6 w6 E 2. Letters of opposition or support
! Y; I- Y0 l7 A7 h O+ r A 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions4 b$ u# F. E6 w
4. Signed public statements
/ i: x- D% ~7 S; _ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
6 J2 d$ `/ B( I! x8 H0 r, Z4 I 6. Group or mass petitions
- _5 k4 V1 R) \& ^6 b2 m& y% X, R- a- Z, y3 U
Communications with a Wider Audience
1 v- d& |; o) [4 T) x: i& @$ F( [ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, H" v/ v6 o3 J6 ~! h" L- h
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) x; `( G1 |2 e6 z' i 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( _: i; V8 z5 Z( i8 n7 w5 s 10. Newspapers and journals% s& P% c- v, g* A
11. Records, radio, and television* @4 u" W( w8 k
12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 [3 B* T: l: U! ^0 x& g/ J* ^
' h; P4 i7 A$ b) _
Group Representations o7 P5 w" n9 w* I$ \' }: T
13. Deputations$ V! B- X* x! v& j5 r5 F/ O
14. Mock awards
2 F7 @" I. ?9 M' A0 { 15. Group lobbying/ g0 Z& Y) t- z/ T, N1 i( z
16. Picketing* @2 Q# J, O; I4 U
17. Mock elections8 h! w$ Z( i# B4 Y% D' N1 L
9 L+ i2 I8 \ }' S& `Symbolic Public Acts$ K( G" E+ b% K5 S
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( b ~5 F6 k; C' _0 e
19. Wearing of symbols* R3 {% n3 k$ z1 c. y
20. Prayer and worship2 k: m4 ~1 Z" |$ A# p# t p+ X
21. Delivering symbolic objects" q# P9 _# ~; e2 y) H7 _& i) O
22. Protest disrobings
! q- c' R; O n2 s- T# ]( V1 g1 O 23. Destruction of own property
% t! _/ `* v/ o$ Z) { 24. Symbolic lights! G/ d R' [6 D& {* o z# K$ f( T) `
25. Displays of portraits* l; s8 C2 V6 ^! ]) F1 Y
26. Paint as protest
1 k$ s4 B b& `3 ?, P1 W- \# c 27. New signs and names
& ]! ]2 ~0 q" ?9 u 28. Symbolic sounds
- V( u& h7 P' j4 L# W. K 29. Symbolic reclamations( y% e1 ~" [6 I% K l I
30. Rude gestures
2 V* c5 u* W2 \7 A7 T- ^0 H
4 C2 {1 m: r( b5 `6 v7 L* RPressures on Individuals% \4 R& ?- J. O, O1 i
31. “Haunting” officials
. C9 I* p1 s8 u. g 32. Taunting officials
4 y5 ^: C U) B 33. Fraternization
# D$ h/ E2 t$ P% H) M4 _' W0 k& E6 E 34. Vigils, d. A% A* T& C' F# K5 G- s$ y/ `# @
' V, J/ z. @3 g* \4 u u' G
Drama and Music
0 Z; G, V; {3 a, u$ r+ O+ v" y k& C 35. Humorous skits and pranks
8 B: J% I0 U3 K& T9 U* a8 g 36. Performances of plays and music
9 N7 p9 C& N# D 37. Singing
2 A8 W% D+ L$ m' r/ E' \2 \2 F
% N' B. B/ b' D& I- o$ d2 BProcessions
4 C Z2 c* K/ c% s: L- ` 38. Marches! w6 x) S$ M; m2 p& o, z
39. Parades7 e6 T, ^* ~& Z
40. Religious processions. F0 g0 v0 M/ ^& ~. e- D/ P1 u+ x
41. Pilgrimages
|6 }# e8 k' U8 C! F, ] 42. Motorcades
( x: ]% c& U+ v0 t2 j' u. C. i- ^
7 B: B+ R1 z4 b- n9 U7 LHonoring the Dead" r# S/ ?6 p H% ?
43. Political mourning2 o/ [, g% O: I
44. Mock funerals0 G8 q: X1 L; l% y
45. Demonstrative funerals
3 x, m: n$ b; ^! \" U2 | 46. Homage at burial places+ E. Y$ t0 j: u4 _' L) m. @3 Z. ~
5 ?0 U0 |3 h- HPublic Assemblies
1 p5 Y! z& [4 u* y# v4 u 47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 D( T' E4 a" S2 ? 48. Protest meetings
; u( }3 y) o: [9 T& Y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest( o8 s1 ^ T. U
50. Teach-ins2 ]( c1 I: R# Y/ j# j* I" {+ g
( G7 m$ z5 [- s: k* K' D4 }# _6 ]Withdrawal and Renunciation/ H) @8 ~4 V$ Z1 a; C5 T
51. Walk-outs
+ P' B1 i! f* p x( I 52. Silence1 X3 B9 l2 `! }: R" }3 T
53. Renouncing honors% N+ j5 @4 }' }1 u
54. Turning one’s back i% u5 g9 f. @% }$ s$ V* d
6 k: c- Z, j8 c J, b / C9 P9 v6 c" y: p
! x+ d2 Z& s0 i3 S, p
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION# Y7 I. A# z/ ]% E' l
1 P$ T8 T' R. A+ n: b/ E' L
5 S9 Q$ O* Q1 G
% \" q% C4 n; k8 IOstracism of Persons" U# H0 P) c# N) P! L( m6 s
55. Social boycott
2 J* ^% S* V4 Z0 l/ `- E" I! U 56. Selective social boycott
, r3 y4 `3 Q8 S 57. Lysistratic nonaction; A3 V, E/ u7 ^& w
58. Excommunication4 T' g! [% O9 l }
59. Interdict6 ^+ T$ H' W; M! R) V5 }8 m
+ d, s2 ~6 j+ G4 r
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 p1 O3 Y7 k( ]5 K
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! V9 N& h0 r0 j8 B/ k 61. Boycott of social affairs8 h/ I1 u9 t' S% R
62. Student strike# C: o4 f! I' w$ o- i2 R
63. Social disobedience+ O$ ?% z7 e. J+ z6 l8 o" p% D
64. Withdrawal from social institutions6 C% b0 c! D. f) \; [: k
* `# O1 y M: v( cWithdrawal from the Social System
0 G* a Z5 {* M 65. Stay-at-home6 `' c+ _! O3 ?/ g. R- `& j
66. Total personal noncooperation
9 D: \8 ?/ w. [+ w. R1 s! r1 I+ T1 O 67. “Flight” of workers. i. o2 I& d; q, z+ |7 G1 p
68. Sanctuary) `. k5 g0 t8 z% T7 k
69. Collective disappearance! _) s* O( f8 F: w' c: B; D) G' }* A
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
8 Q2 ]& Z2 w- |8 } `; n
4 G7 d g5 P, r. w% c: v5 ?
$ I w w: D+ X2 a. D) { S4 E* W* }$ J8 s) Q0 f7 n
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS5 _5 }- P6 w4 c( y
: ]. G& q' I" { _
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Actions by Consumers
, N% E% P* s9 G 71. Consumers’ boycott/ M2 D' q2 D; y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods! ]) _) l* r( _5 o& n% M
73. Policy of austerity
1 l V4 i0 W5 z+ D' P 74. Rent withholding
% m' v1 E! ~( n5 ?2 L 75. Refusal to rent
0 K" C- L% G5 o7 v w" c 76. National consumers’ boycott
4 C4 M" S0 d4 M& N3 p2 b 77. International consumers’ boycott4 k. k) p- m8 H+ E0 ]" R
! m9 h, v. P- U4 S& _
Action by Workers and Producers
8 j/ D. H. R* ~, o; s4 q 78. Workmen’s boycott5 ?) w& N8 M2 d4 i7 a/ n0 j! a
79. Producers’ boycott0 r) J) i$ a) h3 @, y( ^4 f M* J3 E- ~
# X. g& v: E: I3 u# M5 v! c& B0 v) bAction by Middlemen. G0 s" [, D8 t/ v# Z' u+ P5 X
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 u [: F+ s1 }# V9 l( H& a
% J0 B3 M7 ?4 KAction by Owners and Management
* y; O& N$ G+ P+ `9 u/ Q' n5 K; F 81. Traders’ boycott3 F m5 @2 C" W5 h7 m* J- W
82. Refusal to let or sell property6 r4 g% [4 ]7 ~! b0 r
83. Lockout
/ N0 V8 w" A# _8 N( N 84. Refusal of industrial assistance& w' \- ^) T: c% n- q
85. Merchants’ “general strike”% Y2 @+ l1 K8 x1 V6 ?. |
% p; S0 g6 d( h$ N: f: M1 IAction by Holders of Financial Resources
/ k/ c, \6 i; ]' o1 K 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits4 S" m# _, `7 a
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
! b# U: J$ a) x/ M- f: h 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest) z$ J5 {0 x z/ `3 x) ?
89. Severance of funds and credit/ z1 V9 ]. n8 H% b3 j' w
90. Revenue refusal
: n# f6 e3 }7 S6 U, V2 U 91. Refusal of a government’s money
% T6 ]1 ]% r3 l) c8 {' T3 o. ^3 }. k4 E- w1 ?
Action by Governments
2 }- z: Q" Q2 [! a 92. Domestic embargo
L A, e$ |- Y0 E 93. Blacklisting of traders% x. o3 m0 O9 K% |
94. International sellers’ embargo7 b2 X0 c# S& |% B9 T' S
95. International buyers’ embargo
# f1 c6 T) H8 b 96. International trade embargo! g) n" |2 H- s1 w
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( f: F* X7 N' }# y5 `2 y
( P& i3 q: ]; d, }) G1 rTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
# B& L# |3 D* ]4 I6 x8 Q
' z4 t2 p$ A! e" I
4 H8 M, o8 h; r T3 p8 G& _Symbolic Strikes
) z: _9 T0 h& H, y 97. Protest strike4 b# Q9 x* ~' N7 Q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
, M) e" L, {4 R+ t. g9 |8 R
9 a( s) d( m7 K3 I5 Q+ {, HAgricultural Strikes
2 U$ M, X" t' M3 c% B( G 99. Peasant strike& I* a3 r+ @- C, Y/ Y i. E
100. Farm Workers’ strike
! h% n1 o( f7 a) {
$ g3 G1 ~6 Y) M( pStrikes by Special Groups0 g. W2 o. z0 j' f# U- ~
101. Refusal of impressed labor
' m9 i) o% B( `) c* V/ J& m7 ]' e 102. Prisoners’ strike' K3 |! x a! |" L
103. Craft strike
# H# [0 l/ F6 g0 D) {5 {( r 104. Professional strike1 Z7 R0 W8 t1 Q' d/ B7 b: P+ ?
6 b, k7 l V- v3 y1 ^
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
4 H- G6 Y+ H, P1 _3 `* S2 Z0 t 105. Establishment strike
( \8 N/ l- o) m 106. Industry strike) `& R) w6 X; n6 D0 w
107. Sympathetic strike5 v& F7 k( N, x9 f% r% y7 r
3 z7 |0 C: {) v& u& ~/ A7 Q, \6 ERestricted Strikes3 w. `$ O a# b( k1 v. P* B
108. Detailed strike
* {6 R/ C" d* x1 \! k 109. Bumper strike9 k4 A9 g1 H% Z* i; o+ q
110. Slowdown strike
: n% [) `7 n4 i" d* f7 y- z R 111. Working-to-rule strike* V c- f- @* T/ o3 l8 x4 t: X
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 l8 ^. o& g9 U5 y
113. Strike by resignation% N( I. {6 a1 j% o4 l& z
114. Limited strike
) s* U- p+ q" ]: Y# m5 X& j. d 115. Selective strike2 }- j" Q, L) x6 J) I- G) J0 C
: V; M. n/ S9 ~; x' a/ A4 DMulti-Industry Strikes+ C" a! C" q7 {" Q* u9 H* R
) t2 Q1 P/ `# ~; p7 j 116. Generalized strike4 q$ E3 N5 Z* W* F
8 a5 ?! K9 E: o% I4 P' l
117. General strike
& A. J7 k% {2 c9 X2 S1 `+ i. @, J* N* E
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( _9 R3 o" k! z0 U/ y- G* G+ U7 K4 z5 P' y+ w
118. Hartal" \& j! K. K8 d$ r
% F; c/ Y1 W6 L1 U: I; A2 y 119. Economic shutdown
2 L6 k+ D# @( z' U& y* c% R$ D2 G7 B& U5 @
0 y$ w" h" T/ V2 W0 R5 K0 { ~
! i% ]5 }& K; c( ~, T2 GTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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* F# g' P$ T/ q( f& Z9 R* i; iRejection of Authority
2 V0 K" p- R) ], q 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. p# g9 r% {" B% {0 Y 121. Refusal of public support! {7 P7 z6 C9 t) {" k, O
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, y4 s! h8 u0 _4 a4 ^9 X
# H$ d6 R# z% {0 [
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 e7 w/ A! `) ^- p$ m$ L 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
1 p3 R: ~; {: @ 124. Boycott of elections
* l# h; [% J) \. n! } 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
6 e" W& Y3 f! m; z, C' Y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 |9 j' e6 e% l, e2 a2 Q0 }/ W 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions0 f1 K2 P M2 X8 d
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
, @1 r; E; H4 G/ x6 V/ G 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents: I4 L, V' r6 _' _; J" o4 X) G
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: _1 q- ]2 X9 U. ^: m% F3 a 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 V# g4 i$ j, @7 U2 M) v* Z# }5 Z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions; Z; @. ]9 d& ` O, m( b, X4 m/ i1 L G
* d% S' u9 ^$ g3 ~% sCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 G$ w$ a" M6 J4 R9 Z
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
5 @3 |+ [5 H# {: w! w4 ? 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' P; @& z2 {# I/ i
135. Popular nonobedience
6 E9 J' H# [" {' Y 136. Disguised disobedience5 F/ k7 r# e8 u; O
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; c/ l/ O; Q$ ~ 138. Sitdown
/ y9 F3 W& h+ A. {5 s& V/ F 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation* W) i7 p. U) l( R$ a, j3 W
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
$ h Q: q4 I1 t3 z" c0 d 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws6 F- s, `' P$ y4 p+ \* F
: N' s! d8 ?% Z" f3 @) f; UAction by Government Personnel1 T/ p& p* c) H& H8 _8 B$ O" m
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- C' M4 `4 O; j% x* s
143. Blocking of lines of command and information, |3 r7 j1 d0 r, E0 c; T3 X) F
144. Stalling and obstruction$ W8 }! W- P. m; O8 i
145. General administrative noncooperation1 x" b2 @( L$ ]4 e! c
& k5 p$ |) G9 o& \6 e# ]$ \ 146. Judicial noncooperation+ L9 S- L5 F3 D
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents( Y9 N) {" v# M0 x
148. Mutiny
+ y5 u8 e6 y4 @ t4 F' hDomestic Governmental Action
( O8 v. L' J7 v. i1 p+ I 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
) K, Z0 s _9 g8 ]! g J2 V 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 {7 Y4 a. _' L, X, c" d
7 g7 h3 v- M* E) E
International Governmental Action
$ y) J3 `2 B4 e5 H$ o6 r! e. ^7 Z$ Z 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations5 O6 ]6 q: x4 X7 b G% U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
' f$ ]; ^+ W5 ~3 @ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition6 D4 Q0 m) _, C
154. Severance of diplomatic relations* K0 \& H7 Q. Y* C7 _7 s
155. Withdrawal from international organizations0 d% {3 T8 j! ~1 A* g3 ~) F- c
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 l" s# P9 _$ P% H, z ]- e8 \3 K 157. Expulsion from international organizations/ Z: H# k+ t+ x8 A, m, N+ e
+ s% h) e7 O& y8 ~" a& o! v5 _* z
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
4 Y% E! R- t3 d0 a3 S2 q% B& p2 `; C2 ?) j
" f$ ~4 m0 q" ?Psychological Intervention& g8 X; |. N) d
158. Self-exposure to the elements1 N+ F1 o8 I3 }/ R4 L9 H
159. The fast
/ H) L) K# ~* W+ _/ T# b3 K a) Fast of moral pressure7 M i8 H7 j# H
b) Hunger strike& l) N- d$ W) c
c) Satyagrahic fast
4 _' j. O/ W6 K0 l 160. Reverse trial% w! ~& v3 ^) L. v$ {
161. Nonviolent harassment: [4 A( O6 u5 k2 M* P
' K( ~ g1 W2 f0 tPhysical Intervention' `2 ? r1 d# Z% ]
162. Sit-in! z4 }$ [5 g4 Y! X! W5 A* n
163. Stand-in W* E/ K! y. Z
164. Ride-in, I8 J* W- P p3 ^" m5 C
165. Wade-in
$ {& c5 S/ q% f; M/ ^& m3 k 166. Mill-in
) R k0 Y: ]* C& M 167. Pray-in' N- @( R$ _$ d
168. Nonviolent raids& [) J5 R2 b) M4 V+ e! l: v1 ~
169. Nonviolent air raids4 r0 U; }1 h/ _# e9 f5 P4 Y/ d$ n# Q
170. Nonviolent invasion
9 L; p9 b- S1 g 171. Nonviolent interjection
! v8 ^0 ~5 z* p. o3 u5 o! I 172. Nonviolent obstruction
3 Z# G3 F+ `& K+ s% v2 V$ @ 173. Nonviolent occupation
% B* }% ^. E& D% d6 B2 B7 u Z4 y8 R+ V. Q% H
Social Intervention9 b- J' D7 m* m4 z5 o5 E
174. Establishing new social patterns
+ S% V0 d! v6 ~' W; T$ u 175. Overloading of facilities! y) F6 p& A) s% w) ?) L1 }+ C" C
176. Stall-in: j& l" Q( c- N D5 g/ O3 m: p6 e
177. Speak-in% p$ y$ p6 E+ h5 O' C
178. Guerrilla theater
& n8 m M- L; K' w" P- ?4 O 179. Alternative social institutions
& U* L; P8 K& Q7 u5 A- L: ]2 @ 180. Alternative communication system5 |, }% w$ }8 U& O' t" K" S
' c* O( m: Y2 Y1 Q
Economic Intervention3 V1 G6 g( Q0 y9 n8 U2 } }
181. Reverse strike6 Z6 v. L/ ]) w+ {
182. Stay-in strike
" x- l8 J9 A9 J1 d# v6 A 183. Nonviolent land seizure
( B8 e) T. f. ^ D9 h& h9 U 184. Defiance of blockades
* o3 ~7 _; L9 H& T( \' [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. M* S3 z2 n& j; a- k
186. Preclusive purchasing
, Q0 `! E* d1 h$ b) {+ | 187. Seizure of assets
- U0 f- C; Y. p 188. Dumping
4 b: e0 x. X4 Z- C8 y' t0 i+ X 189. Selective patronage: ^: X" v( P( N5 o7 g+ \
190. Alternative markets$ j6 F& z P v+ J, Q
191. Alternative transportation systems
6 K8 d" ~. [' ?' z; w) b9 [- u+ L5 F 192. Alternative economic institutions
0 [9 u; A' W) B7 C6 `" {" v( W$ i3 F- L9 E6 m, P+ k
Political Intervention! c, I, O& Y2 d
193. Overloading of administrative systems: b( h8 D# V h" f) P2 p) M
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents7 `- T- T' h9 g9 v& l0 ]+ i: W$ v! w
195. Seeking imprisonment7 o" ^2 R, u3 } a/ d) X
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws* c7 m! g! l9 X7 w" f
197. Work-on without collaboration
1 i% T2 |$ T6 @/ d m 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
& j+ t+ \& {8 N( ^( H1 n% D
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
