 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION5 p/ m8 ^- f- G- D; [# h% A
Formal Statements/ `# c) p" u' D/ O
1. Public Speeches3 K! `! C* r8 B2 f2 r
2. Letters of opposition or support
6 \- Q( `% V: _$ |4 p& g 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions7 s9 g/ J# }! a, f
4. Signed public statements
/ b7 c7 k; W2 O& j$ g 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
5 G( l( B* b* M; K6 e 6. Group or mass petitions
, A7 U- i1 d8 x) N3 P. V. u0 B2 U6 T
Communications with a Wider Audience7 t# Z0 g' G' k+ F8 m u
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 N: K5 R9 N+ H4 f. W3 H
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 t3 d0 `, F6 E; h5 q& _, N
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books. t( [9 d2 T8 l. Y' G* o
10. Newspapers and journals8 n5 H5 N$ c' \
11. Records, radio, and television0 }- [1 V d' j& o4 y
12. Skywriting and earthwriting% T. u1 m; p; R
8 r" `' T" g9 a/ M, e6 I. p6 a) TGroup Representations. e: ] L1 L+ V( H- G
13. Deputations- S8 S" S; a' h6 K) p( P& w
14. Mock awards8 ?4 x; o6 P4 _ [9 Q% _ Z$ s4 D
15. Group lobbying& R2 W/ q/ R. I# d( n
16. Picketing
. j# K* y, x' b1 g, v 17. Mock elections
! ~5 {& t" C8 {8 i) }9 W& s _$ ?+ }4 P7 s! }5 ^9 R S4 b. b
Symbolic Public Acts
7 j, R) a6 y! Q+ U( j% W 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
4 |- t% k; I9 Q$ x 19. Wearing of symbols
5 F9 l2 H3 z# _# _1 t; N V 20. Prayer and worship& _' t0 G2 n! d" [5 k
21. Delivering symbolic objects
) [! \1 ^% I1 Q5 @+ J+ o 22. Protest disrobings- h" C: z4 {6 D# j [" _2 T* `
23. Destruction of own property( @+ I' I! h) n1 E/ x) ?/ ~9 k! E
24. Symbolic lights
3 b2 t! @! }' j$ i2 _ 25. Displays of portraits9 D6 _ u2 Z9 J) e1 ?, k# G+ l
26. Paint as protest% D p" t5 w) y) D$ U' F+ ]
27. New signs and names9 b; T( r( U9 [/ s* K
28. Symbolic sounds
' S# z- f B5 Z& j: q6 e 29. Symbolic reclamations
7 C/ ]3 G! ^4 O& J* {7 j9 _" p 30. Rude gestures
4 d" T4 x7 a& d* y1 I3 x* E6 ~3 w
1 ]5 Z7 k3 a9 }. V, FPressures on Individuals
1 ?! Y% y8 L6 `/ [: n 31. “Haunting” officials! X4 D. x. ]$ `
32. Taunting officials
$ v( ~) q! T2 U8 e8 X& x 33. Fraternization
- }" q$ z; n( c E4 D/ w" E5 J& h 34. Vigils3 {% i2 r2 r& t
* O. a' q' J+ c
Drama and Music
* R6 ~ q9 `- f- s# S 35. Humorous skits and pranks0 C5 S( e6 j' h* Y5 P9 I
36. Performances of plays and music
7 D2 h+ f% q* q1 |8 O 37. Singing& J4 C# P* B6 O5 _! r+ ^8 W6 f
5 G8 h' g4 l- a3 u6 b* S
Processions \+ ?7 ]$ h- v; f4 g
38. Marches
4 L# ~- T! Q6 x) r, s- @: D2 I 39. Parades8 V4 n; x4 @5 s& y
40. Religious processions
6 y* k( ^- g* i% R p* B 41. Pilgrimages
" f: k$ f" q4 H$ r! b 42. Motorcades
: `$ k l% Y* V4 l( }2 l" T2 L3 n: D& _0 u$ w; V- F% L+ S
Honoring the Dead1 u! H% _& i5 A! k1 J: N
43. Political mourning
" G/ f4 N% S5 Y4 ^1 y! L0 M0 s 44. Mock funerals
7 E8 ~7 d5 L) w 45. Demonstrative funerals( M- g! t" U4 i; z9 }# ^
46. Homage at burial places/ K( w. p3 r5 \
1 u$ M1 @1 ~& T0 a- b( K% RPublic Assemblies
* M5 ^( L* f' _1 J- q# F% b 47. Assemblies of protest or support0 H' O$ @, {, o$ Z0 _8 F6 V# U
48. Protest meetings
& A( F* A0 ~" p5 e1 _8 u3 p 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
/ _) K, P: _* U( A$ G9 Q% _9 [ 50. Teach-ins
3 I" R. M5 r! F. N# I# y3 u% M
5 M c6 y4 l8 {3 ~/ yWithdrawal and Renunciation
+ c( S- O1 D8 E+ e! Q f0 n 51. Walk-outs
" M; e8 S3 _* C 52. Silence
- u, Z4 r/ a1 _, V7 N6 Q6 ~ 53. Renouncing honors5 Y4 b0 \2 @% b! m& u* W
54. Turning one’s back
) o- o3 Q- W5 c0 z. Y9 C) l. P0 q* J
% p% x% M9 r. P Y, d1 a
4 p0 }2 q& \( j6 N- ?( RTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
8 D' A. b# B3 [; d! E; ^8 h! t4 a% ]& F1 V5 a2 Q. K
% ^( g L6 S5 c$ \# c1 o
! G6 k# D$ O9 \ a; \
Ostracism of Persons
( O" y. u; p0 s# x- W9 p, f8 B 55. Social boycott
' E. |8 Z' p0 B( ~7 l$ K+ O 56. Selective social boycott
/ O$ G+ { e# F 57. Lysistratic nonaction
9 g X* C1 e0 s$ k 58. Excommunication
: {1 R' A5 m4 Q* ^ 59. Interdict; G3 L6 V, P- u2 m
% m% r6 c8 R: u; z( K! j
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
6 Y' x: Z) l6 K& r2 I. } 60. Suspension of social and sports activities/ K5 m: q% p' Q- ]; w5 b
61. Boycott of social affairs
" I1 e: | r3 t$ F4 z/ C3 _" t 62. Student strike9 d9 E/ _ i: y) ~$ }
63. Social disobedience6 m3 j3 {. @8 ^8 m6 f3 v2 s' o+ |; g
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
% N9 m& `5 q: t. i# w! [2 `; \! k, K7 P
Withdrawal from the Social System4 U8 d3 U& A. e+ O J4 ?' B
65. Stay-at-home$ Y6 Z( d; }; a' T
66. Total personal noncooperation
! P: N9 x0 e4 Y D1 g! n 67. “Flight” of workers, b; I5 C( i! n @ C6 K
68. Sanctuary
, f D) K# A$ @( v$ \ 69. Collective disappearance0 `+ C* N( }& E& F
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& P& g" f$ k, M, Q/ N. U/ c" {
( n2 Y% T. a9 _$ Q* [' c 3 L: Z# I, w) ~; B1 i0 V# |1 e* g, O
( X1 I/ J) \9 i& L p: [7 yTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
6 f6 P3 K8 ~+ R4 e
2 E/ T( h& O. R# y* e
, ~: w$ y* L9 g' |5 G% EActions by Consumers w/ g. p( }+ t6 R
71. Consumers’ boycott
# C+ i5 H4 _+ ~! U; ~% Q 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods# s" y# _. V: i3 p
73. Policy of austerity
+ r/ g1 |, n! r/ a/ t 74. Rent withholding; V4 D% ], y$ U& F( }
75. Refusal to rent: p( I0 r7 {1 X4 ?1 n
76. National consumers’ boycott# ~8 H' e; Q9 I2 N) Q {
77. International consumers’ boycott8 F, W. P1 ?, E7 R6 C+ m
& S( h2 z/ ^. F' ~5 N0 c4 C; k( `, u
Action by Workers and Producers# Z+ `; p* y! b8 J( u
78. Workmen’s boycott
6 Q# f' d w8 d. k( c x: W 79. Producers’ boycott
4 J; P/ g: m1 B; h9 M& `
! z- y; P, q6 `8 N0 l4 `) CAction by Middlemen
' r5 c+ Z" n' g0 X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott! G1 R: \% s$ d* s
) f' ]8 G! }4 L! V8 f, z/ K5 qAction by Owners and Management
/ E3 a6 Q; n$ U2 C5 u, X* G 81. Traders’ boycott, { f: W* p, g) M0 Q% ~* y
82. Refusal to let or sell property
+ \& _( G3 g, l4 D' n 83. Lockout
/ d8 `7 T, A3 T0 S 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
3 Q7 j. U6 B4 T' { 85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 r H7 P5 B; D
" }# w" l7 K6 {Action by Holders of Financial Resources5 K; B x" T5 H! W% Z$ _/ q9 {# u
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% _& t" R+ B; o: Z+ Q/ Z
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
8 d3 q, f# h" u 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- C2 U* s+ i# Q, A 89. Severance of funds and credit
* G' Y# L' k; U8 A u 90. Revenue refusal1 |3 _4 ?% \8 T- n4 G2 B
91. Refusal of a government’s money5 E* w) ^1 y0 H$ ~) }
4 C6 d) z$ r+ r8 B3 B2 }2 z$ {
Action by Governments
) e- y, b8 u, B8 s 92. Domestic embargo
/ x$ i) ~2 d ~9 C% ? \) i 93. Blacklisting of traders7 _7 I l' `3 k( ?) `! z( b. F- x
94. International sellers’ embargo: F9 m+ h, Z; q! V
95. International buyers’ embargo
6 p6 L( ~& ]9 v' p& ]/ i3 p! A8 N$ L 96. International trade embargo
$ F3 K' v0 X, D" p/ R0 _. W$ J; n
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! s7 M, C) p" S8 w8 _1 Y; c
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE, ~9 H6 U* s- M- J# M, h& x5 R
' u0 e" @* B. _ 9 k8 P4 N0 Z. }5 m4 o- p: J* q# k2 X
Symbolic Strikes2 U0 T/ N' O! Y6 h* q4 S
97. Protest strike
% X9 f, C; A$ I5 s 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
& M5 q9 _+ |6 m& W" i! A3 ?
7 I$ g/ X' @- \- s. QAgricultural Strikes9 ^1 b6 |- y- }9 W$ P H# f
99. Peasant strike* C9 _* p0 |; u; w( P6 {* o. f5 P
100. Farm Workers’ strike
( G: Z+ o6 S3 y! m# A/ m h, M
0 {# X* S8 v+ e- \( `0 e9 KStrikes by Special Groups/ Y* f* i; ^! X4 k) T! ~
101. Refusal of impressed labor3 t+ l( H& u6 u8 K6 R
102. Prisoners’ strike+ ^0 M8 S! L, C: R
103. Craft strike4 q9 Q* _7 \& G7 ?
104. Professional strike
0 G% z# L! q" n+ w' t5 ~ {; h! R' x) j7 M. d( c3 E. s* s
Ordinary Industrial Strikes' u; m. u: f4 t) v0 v1 l( Z) R: f
105. Establishment strike7 D" {6 L0 a9 n$ ^9 ]1 P8 n, r; }1 ^
106. Industry strike
4 K4 F0 d+ c5 _0 ~ 107. Sympathetic strike- e, b/ j0 j5 u- @' N( j: R
" J8 r$ `, B) V% u; Q/ q* S" E: `Restricted Strikes$ d( K% m" J0 |) Q0 H- u
108. Detailed strike
7 S- ^6 a0 L$ l1 |$ y: D" w ` 109. Bumper strike
. H! z* ` j p 110. Slowdown strike6 v, y7 Y, G/ k3 N
111. Working-to-rule strike
$ n L* U3 m- b8 M* X 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
3 x: r2 @" h) k* v+ N 113. Strike by resignation2 z" v1 j7 B$ G7 A
114. Limited strike: p' w8 j4 L a6 |! E
115. Selective strike; R% I: C6 @' X7 _3 Z
( q5 p% C0 p2 {) XMulti-Industry Strikes) a, o& I" h1 O8 S; K+ J2 ^
4 Z+ ?; o d! M5 g" f5 w: `' D
116. Generalized strike
, p1 V5 y1 ?6 w W6 z. |" n0 B$ B7 z* P2 W9 m4 m2 S. m6 S
117. General strike
9 K# X. B& i0 \: L% s! R& _+ [
l/ U, `" \% ~! oCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 E* y5 f8 T* r/ B2 r
3 a0 f, r# }2 } 118. Hartal2 i5 i8 J* {- k
+ Z8 s8 G' c/ M$ Y9 S 119. Economic shutdown6 m( y! g' K' R
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7 J5 B) v# H' Q# Q
6 M- K) x( W7 [6 ^( s
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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- Y9 Z: @' N& c$ c o$ ^* X' n
Rejection of Authority
; H% K. J* E: x" F$ i; [0 l 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 w" V7 g( J- X9 k/ h6 v
121. Refusal of public support3 ]1 h( M( k) Z4 Z
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance- n2 K) r1 o( b1 \) G
0 B* L" z( s6 d1 k- l e
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
/ y% ^: A7 X3 {8 k4 s 123. Boycott of legislative bodies, l i9 k5 ?3 L
124. Boycott of elections/ ]) V$ g6 J& O' ^7 o3 V
125. Boycott of government employment and positions) o1 m2 h2 t+ ?- n% \/ _' B
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* L$ \9 V( ?; n z4 b% M. a
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions" l" V' K4 L6 o$ z7 D) Q* p
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations7 e7 J* O" w' y% c
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
9 s' d6 s( B( J" k8 v 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
# \8 U, I b. T( P; z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials Y- j% u1 Y& h
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
' s5 O* M, u ]$ K7 z6 f4 }1 O
, d* z$ ^: D6 M- @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience1 T! S- j# `3 d% G9 Y1 X4 @4 E: v
133. Reluctant and slow compliance" C3 k- ?% [4 O: M6 m9 V
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision' |5 C3 ]( C+ ~! k5 E% K# h
135. Popular nonobedience) P3 c7 f, H4 A5 X: @8 h
136. Disguised disobedience+ R, O! N9 X& _
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
/ p( i8 p2 B, ^+ z+ a0 ] 138. Sitdown
T) H: O, T7 Z( l 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation/ A6 b2 A- ]% S% R) E4 g+ F& |5 T& }
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
' J5 I- T7 P0 c8 z1 K 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
3 \1 Y9 H! }: y* }4 i1 t& e& V& f
- s% \) t3 ?8 CAction by Government Personnel& `7 M1 @. l5 u. `* H
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ U9 _0 p! X$ f( |" R 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* I) I) K/ U( m. H' A 144. Stalling and obstruction, x4 h F; f ]) o9 t
145. General administrative noncooperation
/ E h. [! C/ M2 N9 i( G' C) g* u% ~2 w
146. Judicial noncooperation
6 I3 g- M3 a3 W4 F" [; [ 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
+ _: L. L* p( I7 L: w7 ] 148. Mutiny. k+ T& _. s+ r. ]% v
Domestic Governmental Action
2 q4 O% g6 U/ S K2 T 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
: q4 w/ V; W6 _9 P 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units9 ]9 l6 |1 p3 g9 m
* U* n9 l: p9 \International Governmental Action; ^* v( s; a5 R: \! R" L
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations( |/ }% X- T# Z. {( Z& ?
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ E0 J4 l k+ Y
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition+ Q# J0 R" K5 M5 _
154. Severance of diplomatic relations2 \: N8 B+ T" U0 ~( P0 W K
155. Withdrawal from international organizations; ^! j8 J, a9 L
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* _* c9 ` x( H. c
157. Expulsion from international organizations
W" `- T; z: u C& v) U( k
5 {/ U1 Q1 Z- t/ W7 j6 o; g
& _7 w5 \; q2 a3 N( n+ L7 ?& B4 `3 U1 X6 l8 E# P+ u3 K+ q# y
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 G1 u, D4 l8 Z+ s R
$ y: x7 q8 n, D( d! p
% Y$ h0 B8 a$ x3 }/ QPsychological Intervention
7 F* ?) |0 G7 s. Y 158. Self-exposure to the elements9 m4 k& j" ?; u0 V
159. The fast; J$ x n' a) S# A& {5 y
a) Fast of moral pressure" V2 P) C1 ^3 H* L* N# U5 [- ]
b) Hunger strike
6 M+ B9 A" t9 _9 j7 y! B! E c) Satyagrahic fast
; R5 |! e, x$ \' H o1 ]0 [) e$ d 160. Reverse trial
# L" w2 {7 r/ I% l 161. Nonviolent harassment: h! `. C& F) K% p4 g
+ P2 w& [$ b/ S) Y
Physical Intervention
& z( \0 o8 u4 w5 \ 162. Sit-in
3 }# ?2 _7 @" V0 h 163. Stand-in$ v" f @# Y1 r% e7 T8 E8 |$ S l: k
164. Ride-in
& m+ G' i! \* X" S' X# j' u0 z 165. Wade-in T& G; j" w Y
166. Mill-in
, Q# o1 [* Y3 M5 y, } 167. Pray-in
) ]% ~# E5 N, K 168. Nonviolent raids
% h! s3 B& O/ G0 Q; M9 J# O 169. Nonviolent air raids. i& q) x4 j& D5 R3 H1 M
170. Nonviolent invasion
; Z3 q& }/ f" {* l U9 d& W 171. Nonviolent interjection7 r$ \; O0 h; S. E. v" g( n! |
172. Nonviolent obstruction- c& }! @' F* A) {
173. Nonviolent occupation
, B6 i+ `7 |! |2 G, E3 ?, C' S5 M9 T1 G5 B, p
Social Intervention
2 J A6 Y/ a" O0 m: n' S* P/ f 174. Establishing new social patterns: K& k8 {. _- L8 t0 a
175. Overloading of facilities: r* ]0 }, e" c l( S s; ]9 x
176. Stall-in) X1 D% s/ q, R4 A! m* B: e
177. Speak-in
4 O" {0 `4 |( d# \ 178. Guerrilla theater3 ~0 Z7 j/ R7 s3 G
179. Alternative social institutions! c" K- P" [$ x) H% h
180. Alternative communication system! m& X; @- |9 p7 `7 X6 h
% }- L1 d3 L2 D) V; X! i8 @! \4 [Economic Intervention
, U" n- n, [" E9 N 181. Reverse strike" s2 p! O3 o9 }- y# Q4 Y" e
182. Stay-in strike
w$ n% N) g- `$ v2 {$ a9 M 183. Nonviolent land seizure4 T3 H- i a! K7 s3 ]
184. Defiance of blockades l( q0 Q7 @$ G: H
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 P: |$ l. L* T 186. Preclusive purchasing- w2 m" [1 y4 s0 N- y# v1 m! z' j* f; v
187. Seizure of assets0 y5 Z0 c" I+ Y' A8 R3 I: s# l
188. Dumping. k- \$ N4 V* p2 d& {1 p
189. Selective patronage
4 |/ u2 N# A3 ] 190. Alternative markets6 _+ R2 ]5 \7 Y4 k
191. Alternative transportation systems0 B: K# c4 M4 x- S9 o3 M+ r5 L
192. Alternative economic institutions1 f: j; d; C% e% q; O& _
: W7 ` ~: Q( y1 S9 j
Political Intervention
- V# v' @& |) O) y5 ] 193. Overloading of administrative systems
& P" @! w: ~2 H- | 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents" v! T+ j1 U8 s! J" c
195. Seeking imprisonment
* I) F# ~, ?# P! H5 ^ 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 y' Y! v1 r1 O7 K, b/ K6 G
197. Work-on without collaboration+ d f: s9 ^4 |
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government V. z0 |+ C( u/ p2 A
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
