 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION/ Z6 z0 y6 w# }( H- ^) u* `; i+ s
Formal Statements: d& U& t# E; U; j# x
1. Public Speeches. l4 s6 R5 `0 } I5 s8 u5 y
2. Letters of opposition or support
/ w. { H+ i+ A 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions# E+ q; P$ w0 Z3 c! x
4. Signed public statements! z; J. V) J9 Z- ]
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
% i( n6 u5 t' D" W 6. Group or mass petitions
5 E. o; b% ]; w7 h' X( a( q
5 W! s4 r4 p4 z: ~ V) \! N" eCommunications with a Wider Audience! b% Q/ N% d3 D
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 W2 O4 O @7 D9 f0 n: m* v7 j; p 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
) j% f0 z( g3 m 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books4 \, J+ _& j! r8 e
10. Newspapers and journals4 A8 ?7 W! v; ~- t7 L z' P
11. Records, radio, and television
, ?0 [5 E" P/ {" I7 Y6 j) v 12. Skywriting and earthwriting7 ~, g. B% y- j, y L
1 [ _# n! [ JGroup Representations
' b* H: _) G0 E t! E3 a8 z 13. Deputations; E- g2 t8 L, {+ [& }$ D* u, A( f% i
14. Mock awards W8 P% f, r' B& ~' c
15. Group lobbying1 F% g( F) f# Z# x4 x) f- F* }
16. Picketing
; B4 T, `) @3 M9 _3 L 17. Mock elections
/ ^' h5 D( Q0 V& I4 O3 z
* @: R$ g6 b: @% k! e! g: `) sSymbolic Public Acts3 U% k& F3 Z& l4 g+ A+ w' t
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors R1 w7 D& i4 ^! n; O/ A& i
19. Wearing of symbols
$ d; h. }8 _& y4 r+ k 20. Prayer and worship/ N: m2 W ~3 g3 E! M( y U1 x
21. Delivering symbolic objects& \* l b7 n: D0 _# Y' X
22. Protest disrobings: W0 |, A' a' P) k7 w7 x
23. Destruction of own property, Q; Y8 G9 L1 Z9 G
24. Symbolic lights3 k2 v* C! W3 V1 q" m; C
25. Displays of portraits
# y: ?. m) D* Z8 R. R9 ] 26. Paint as protest
K9 _8 p( N8 I8 Q% j' z 27. New signs and names+ y Y: N9 m, u! @9 @6 [, K/ x
28. Symbolic sounds
. C& w5 _/ l% {4 ?+ ?+ f; i 29. Symbolic reclamations0 j4 f3 q8 H0 ?, \0 y6 s: |
30. Rude gestures
, b: e& s H5 v0 Q1 c3 g7 U4 S% E2 E2 q% y! i3 y1 `
Pressures on Individuals; o8 c. K7 B" D9 h1 {# _
31. “Haunting” officials
; I5 P- A7 C6 V6 J3 E 32. Taunting officials
6 m/ v( ^, u/ X* z7 s5 l8 j* l, s 33. Fraternization3 U5 {: q s* r, T3 t4 j6 }
34. Vigils! {$ _# o/ _: y" m
/ G2 j9 G* P- _% b+ J5 `" J
Drama and Music* @9 k- Z# \/ m1 S, |
35. Humorous skits and pranks. [ Q" ]: a/ R( E: t
36. Performances of plays and music
3 h! N J" n& Y7 j 37. Singing! j. N! ^ M2 J+ R2 C5 ~) J
# f. v/ x4 o0 Z( [% _$ g7 F! WProcessions
# y) ]. [- K7 W9 j3 F 38. Marches
! {/ G" X$ Q% Q1 c" n! N9 I$ S* [ 39. Parades: }; H* n. _% ]
40. Religious processions
, K; b' S% J% z" [" } 41. Pilgrimages
- n: G/ H H: r: I" k 42. Motorcades
/ w: H; D- _! T% n" e
- p$ l0 W1 n% H. B( M$ AHonoring the Dead9 x7 @: F! o( ^+ I& U# P$ a
43. Political mourning
: W3 I3 D9 ^; U' Q$ v5 r 44. Mock funerals' s+ k6 M+ W& Z- m8 W, G0 A
45. Demonstrative funerals
. L) ^' h' A$ {" H" l 46. Homage at burial places
1 Q* x* u$ ?# |; T: B8 u5 L+ V- ? G3 c+ g) [6 x& m6 @
Public Assemblies
! K- ^! L# a* M& t/ ^ 47. Assemblies of protest or support q* I$ |' u! J' J
48. Protest meetings
' B! y) x9 }- y* e0 B: W6 [9 `; r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
' s$ @, Y: q$ c- h 50. Teach-ins
! E, S% l: K S" c
' _: L8 T9 c$ R* T0 e. SWithdrawal and Renunciation
% T3 S f$ e v2 t; u H' O 51. Walk-outs
+ E/ f6 {, v6 Z" c! G8 I; {" ~1 ^" Y% ^ 52. Silence
1 ~/ {6 ]- S, I) ^. K, P: _# ^ 53. Renouncing honors
3 B4 j1 ?" X& V y; I2 v/ e V 54. Turning one’s back
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0 t9 }- ]) m& }: L" p1 ?
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( G, D3 N. f: k; V1 A. g. jTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' P/ L! l1 u/ j
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- U6 Y2 t- Z F" g! m4 s9 [& R0 p3 S# V( b9 x' W6 e! m- Q
Ostracism of Persons0 b$ A+ v2 I, D
55. Social boycott
; v r& O& g2 H8 Q 56. Selective social boycott
! }+ ~, `8 M6 o3 R 57. Lysistratic nonaction
. a8 B( d* |1 V' V: |' v 58. Excommunication: G/ q/ k$ u- i( a- w! B N
59. Interdict* j; Z% e( ?( W/ y9 s# s N
9 y' r& b2 o# W3 @, |; N1 M% ONoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
; o M/ N& F" T; O1 C 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
( q+ W. L9 }2 ? A6 D 61. Boycott of social affairs7 p: Z$ o; z" {( O4 d
62. Student strike* P, O: F! v" d9 ^' M
63. Social disobedience
# o, j6 s7 _% m# U" \& V 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 c& C7 T8 f2 |% n1 H
( f, K/ g. K# }Withdrawal from the Social System
, h. H% F7 R& D. B 65. Stay-at-home+ ~. Z) I( c! P# N
66. Total personal noncooperation
k. l& P$ Z. S, e3 Y& f/ k# ~ 67. “Flight” of workers4 k, n9 B! Z4 s' p( {" w
68. Sanctuary7 Z2 I" B# ?- _) Q$ Q0 K
69. Collective disappearance4 ^' E0 m! R$ ]7 F4 x
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS1 U9 c9 t) o; y! v: f$ [( f5 `
/ e [( Q% G' _
5 N0 S& f( ^! Z3 x: J& Y R6 ~/ f' HActions by Consumers
$ f, p1 A1 N6 ^2 I( z1 @2 c 71. Consumers’ boycott5 q7 i/ Z: k1 \8 v2 T) A( t( s
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
& U1 d* h. T& l; u 73. Policy of austerity
9 V" y3 M' X7 R- P6 Y 74. Rent withholding
& S. N: R' ^* n. M 75. Refusal to rent
( {) C8 E. h0 C& q 76. National consumers’ boycott t+ u: W" Z c; h, A4 x+ C$ l
77. International consumers’ boycott" o) u) T7 U* W$ f: a
: e3 s4 c! }0 {; d! C0 P( M
Action by Workers and Producers: c* l: `. |: c* [7 U" x+ T$ c- |
78. Workmen’s boycott0 e* Y! l8 D& L
79. Producers’ boycott
9 L7 l; c% x! O1 U
0 E2 u r. m3 _( J$ `# pAction by Middlemen
1 T% v# q* ?: B% G% e3 o 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 _/ N( ~% J$ ]" A' h' c
! s4 L6 O; c0 g+ W' y
Action by Owners and Management3 h3 e* R4 d, @1 }* ~' h, ^
81. Traders’ boycott
q; n$ F) Z, F4 { 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ R4 V- v( ^7 ]2 ~ 83. Lockout+ W5 ]+ _' h3 j4 W& d+ I$ ~
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: d1 v1 r0 {; S8 M( b 85. Merchants’ “general strike”0 l& A4 Z* B/ ]; q1 |2 v" _
1 y/ l: p! Q4 J
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
; N5 r5 D, W% c6 I4 O; A 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
5 E+ t+ G; R* n5 Z& W/ B7 M 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 `$ o/ z1 R/ a: _! y$ {( a0 } 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 m# L' v1 U$ e y
89. Severance of funds and credit. @) X8 H9 l, P7 ]& M9 k. L
90. Revenue refusal9 G5 G/ J1 X# ?' m) p
91. Refusal of a government’s money
1 s; ? S5 A! m+ _0 ?' V- I; e9 p& J. x1 ^& Y
Action by Governments$ c2 A. e/ s) j1 b9 Z. R! P5 g
92. Domestic embargo
+ Y4 r& o5 h$ V/ h 93. Blacklisting of traders
8 q, ?1 `! D6 p1 g& K Z' {" | 94. International sellers’ embargo5 B5 b. ~; \& B% P* [
95. International buyers’ embargo
, s3 J7 H6 z' N1 A3 t0 n: u 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
0 {7 {+ b) w+ O6 W. I+ i# N v6 X" T, y4 o/ D
3 c0 q- B: f' W& B
Symbolic Strikes6 Z8 B2 f$ V( N+ _0 W. ^" I8 i
97. Protest strike* T/ ~0 i% w! d% ?. i2 W
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 N6 n- H. E0 \! U1 S: I
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Agricultural Strikes7 @4 {: |5 ~0 p0 i" R( [3 a
99. Peasant strike
8 |4 w0 v- ~* |8 a( R 100. Farm Workers’ strike
/ m0 V( G; R0 h; E& C8 u: ]& D. v/ V
5 z, i8 M8 O; |# M5 y# [/ H& EStrikes by Special Groups
/ F. N! {( o# @( n1 E" Y 101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ m8 o1 A, E! o& F" }, m5 I 102. Prisoners’ strike! t- e+ {* D" W# l$ g0 t
103. Craft strike
" L3 V+ W: P/ z% t: K6 F 104. Professional strike
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& t( N H1 a1 M! rOrdinary Industrial Strikes
' }8 ^, l: _5 M9 b! D* E 105. Establishment strike
, b( \# k- ] N& D5 } 106. Industry strike
& l, t/ f1 ]9 `- g7 X3 e( w2 B 107. Sympathetic strike
2 H: [" Y( ]. X Y3 \1 |2 s/ j: d& ~9 m) c, U5 a, t
Restricted Strikes% e+ T2 _8 c: d( w) t9 {
108. Detailed strike
7 T1 U; R0 B( ] 109. Bumper strike
1 I Q. Y# m) X8 J+ A2 N 110. Slowdown strike7 h- l3 E. K+ k M" X/ B: I2 q
111. Working-to-rule strike
) ?/ K# I( {; k) x9 O# U 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
6 C- u4 n. }( T$ O7 Z, X, o' Z! @ 113. Strike by resignation
- |2 }7 N ]3 k( j+ T" a" Z 114. Limited strike6 @. ^) l$ }% }" E9 N$ q
115. Selective strike
4 H- u3 }" N5 y( M I% F, _4 d
" O3 M+ r6 n, q) \& r$ L/ Q$ _Multi-Industry Strikes$ D% Z# J- J4 A# r
: e' @& O5 Z7 E B' y
116. Generalized strike9 g. v) V# w& @4 @* z
8 o+ z# q f! @$ T9 E3 u/ R( z, A7 j 117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
8 j# i% ~' E; f0 j' ~) N/ G$ r: ` ]' `; v% [- r( M
118. Hartal
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4 M% S) d$ K. ^ 119. Economic shutdown& Z _! S- y, O2 b
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1 a! S' T* A1 C* PTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION( C# s/ J, i! P& {) u
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Rejection of Authority+ f0 w; |1 \- B/ V6 h* E( D7 t
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; |* d9 A; ?! F+ N9 a2 z
121. Refusal of public support- V! o: }4 j3 ?, C$ x0 e: E
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 `& q* u0 N. | w( ~4 {# W5 f5 a
. n2 J# R. \% l5 r! H5 @/ CCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 H4 `4 x( n& O3 z3 A; S 123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ U3 a; j8 h( l5 L9 ^: d
124. Boycott of elections
' L; e' R! D2 L% u" T8 L 125. Boycott of government employment and positions6 E3 P Z9 q) j o7 N
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies, T; r: G2 ]- l4 p
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions: f4 G" ?2 l( A2 D! T
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
. }/ e7 @- j) E( E 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ y' e. M4 u5 k$ H# ~/ F! b8 Z* i, J7 ^
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- q4 A& w: X% y- x* c& z8 V- h
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
) C E$ A$ y. K1 [4 ` 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions0 {# Q9 `! B1 E/ z: N! R# F: f( h
! {6 s( Y. c. kCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 W+ Z" X' j9 j. u) o0 h W* A
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
! g( ?' k" p5 F" G; { 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 o2 w& s) S/ Z' m9 s3 C; ]4 w8 X 135. Popular nonobedience+ L* G# H3 ~( Q4 _8 B4 L
136. Disguised disobedience
" R" }. z5 G) e% e 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse/ u0 K* z+ t2 u* f
138. Sitdown6 `7 ~' Y+ K. x) f+ I4 y
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
/ m0 Z) G R4 c: l4 ` 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 s, I9 H- l& T# Z6 O' A- S+ r$ s 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws, J0 F+ n% d$ ]1 t+ ^
/ s7 |' J3 ^- ^+ G' u% L1 o9 UAction by Government Personnel6 g0 J. n6 R. @9 H
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides& g6 d; q0 o4 e7 i9 N# [" T' `+ j+ J
143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 R" Y' A- ?) q) c7 ~1 }4 Q
144. Stalling and obstruction# W# _' b5 w b; H! \
145. General administrative noncooperation
4 k" w+ b1 y; `8 i% u$ V/ k
0 Q7 g; q2 Z4 ~7 z 146. Judicial noncooperation
2 {. [" E, u" h1 j1 B 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents8 d7 h' Z. f+ Q0 Z
148. Mutiny
: a( G& Z) v- j1 j" S( W% n6 Y+ Q/ lDomestic Governmental Action
2 M! i! a t" q ~, B 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays* b, ~- Q: |6 f- l7 ^0 h
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. }& `4 ~0 `, Y6 b0 `
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International Governmental Action
) g$ Y1 J# D0 x& F 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. A8 N s) a# L. j$ q9 Z3 Y
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
, I5 ?3 y; |4 Y$ g7 o& ], V 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
/ p7 x- B5 Q$ o" X. w2 }4 e 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
5 `5 ?1 [8 t/ f. G 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
! d- { n1 i% m; W0 y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 u2 S, ]- E5 j0 C- P 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# l$ x q9 J- r- o- K
7 S9 \# \) j8 w% ~ $ c: E4 V* Y- U) d
Psychological Intervention5 G! }; P( I; q
158. Self-exposure to the elements
5 o, g" G+ a3 E1 A5 G 159. The fast7 q( R9 _! C1 [; E$ k! v
a) Fast of moral pressure
& o2 p+ i! K9 G% z$ U) G b) Hunger strike1 B% e2 U" |+ P: H" g! m
c) Satyagrahic fast+ Q: ~/ f2 ]. P8 x8 M
160. Reverse trial
7 D7 H2 m; i, \ 161. Nonviolent harassment
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! f3 D/ T9 W# q1 e4 V* g% APhysical Intervention
3 H0 D D8 Q1 }; g8 d' E# q 162. Sit-in. w- C9 ]/ B! n8 @/ J; q* x
163. Stand-in
- e1 p2 u t- Q) v* ]( W( c1 R# S 164. Ride-in9 t9 Y$ k/ i1 [$ v3 |
165. Wade-in
/ z0 ~2 u6 f6 L2 |6 s$ e 166. Mill-in
, b6 c4 K" J' I/ } 167. Pray-in8 g8 f( Y; j* ]1 b% p
168. Nonviolent raids
, v+ x; a# T$ a 169. Nonviolent air raids
- J. |) M% q/ y' h 170. Nonviolent invasion4 r8 D% s, s+ m) F& H3 F( g+ U) y
171. Nonviolent interjection/ j/ a4 z) S9 e. V- R4 S: i
172. Nonviolent obstruction
" }& S; I3 @7 w; \& {) M$ d 173. Nonviolent occupation% ]( b/ n1 l& s: F, W' C
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Social Intervention
1 |$ E* I& w& L/ _+ W7 V7 E+ ?( ` 174. Establishing new social patterns0 K9 j( I6 C6 q2 y: c( G G1 j
175. Overloading of facilities
3 z) D0 ~* b c% x) Z5 W! y 176. Stall-in
/ X) P1 H/ x; J4 g6 l 177. Speak-in
& l/ T6 d3 k% R% C9 ] X0 ~* ] 178. Guerrilla theater8 y: ?" l, ^- j; J; x
179. Alternative social institutions
8 h* U8 V$ C' Q ^) p 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention. R( x+ ?$ K% w( J" w' {
181. Reverse strike
' ^4 V, P+ F$ F6 C& r/ o( s 182. Stay-in strike4 V3 |* ]& I& ^* ]+ P
183. Nonviolent land seizure; b6 S0 f& r1 U# a
184. Defiance of blockades# b2 B2 W2 b5 H* u
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
2 _# y* Y& d. s2 N E3 \ 186. Preclusive purchasing
; w: }- P' w d' c7 n3 ^ 187. Seizure of assets
4 u! y3 E: A5 F 188. Dumping. _7 i" L7 m5 c2 i$ X$ ^2 b$ [
189. Selective patronage
" @5 b+ k( y* v 190. Alternative markets$ L2 h2 o& I# J% r" u0 i
191. Alternative transportation systems/ R4 e* F: M, A% E. V" p* U* d/ s
192. Alternative economic institutions: Y3 o" D# }- S8 M
& {* S' b5 n2 ~3 v& kPolitical Intervention; b( _( w+ K! W: ?
193. Overloading of administrative systems+ I8 N8 r+ h$ T) u
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents0 Z, _; P& t( T
195. Seeking imprisonment
' b. ]8 A3 z7 ~ G7 j# M 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, u' p& |4 S* R& G- `
197. Work-on without collaboration
7 `9 B. d* N) _; X& U 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
