 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
9 v0 X' r. U0 P8 }, UFormal Statements
" k9 y: p! K' N* f; I, f9 F( ] 1. Public Speeches
, X( E- L/ o7 M 2. Letters of opposition or support
) @3 I& o- g( d3 d+ k |9 h# J 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
8 b5 c8 f8 n# n2 f 4. Signed public statements4 L8 e, v" W% p
5. Declarations of indictment and intention8 ^' q7 q: r* x" X7 F4 I/ D- I
6. Group or mass petitions0 ?) F) Y* C) x R
7 J i8 d2 m3 N7 v
Communications with a Wider Audience5 H) O, g4 ~) q5 i5 U9 X
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
7 c4 \- ?/ M ]* m 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 w9 A+ o9 j; s: E2 m
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 u: R8 ]8 [2 T 10. Newspapers and journals7 H" W6 u; z" l [) W
11. Records, radio, and television
( [" D/ v$ V" ^5 X: v. _/ a8 q 12. Skywriting and earthwriting2 ]7 B4 C# W' j6 t$ U6 l
* U* n8 P1 F8 x+ S" xGroup Representations
& d% `, U, h2 b9 T+ z( j* e 13. Deputations: X& L" Z5 w1 i. a
14. Mock awards3 ?/ J0 `9 \5 l5 A9 E
15. Group lobbying
( i9 P9 j4 Z0 R: M \3 { 16. Picketing
3 ^$ c& o1 _1 D: V c( l 17. Mock elections
7 E3 f+ ?( z( h+ D" C7 S% Z. s6 t8 c5 N% R( l1 Q5 g
Symbolic Public Acts
7 a& U# a; b8 @0 X8 i 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
9 G' x9 I6 b; x* u( h* ~1 ]9 I2 Z) \ 19. Wearing of symbols) I6 A& p: \' {5 r
20. Prayer and worship
# `8 i- H2 p/ G1 z; ?9 N, {6 v 21. Delivering symbolic objects/ _, f& ]- w6 Q( o* a# }
22. Protest disrobings+ T) c( V" N/ I$ }- G8 O
23. Destruction of own property
* E' X, T2 ~. N% Z m \ 24. Symbolic lights
& C- |: Q- V) d8 m8 s' }( A 25. Displays of portraits
0 R! b4 e0 x5 F7 \: p& X9 s& Q) J) U 26. Paint as protest$ b* x, R/ C9 k
27. New signs and names& w$ N: [, h: I
28. Symbolic sounds
0 ]' @( v# l8 a0 | 29. Symbolic reclamations7 }8 W @% e& Q
30. Rude gestures, {( E/ P/ l5 g$ F
- r* y1 n. Y$ B' r' Y, UPressures on Individuals
! r% P" n- s5 _1 C5 Q8 t 31. “Haunting” officials
: R1 P/ K: j# {' b e, z! }+ j 32. Taunting officials# P6 m; L) R4 ^9 Y, D O# W
33. Fraternization$ d/ A4 D2 I% r) _* c2 l8 V- r
34. Vigils8 W' U/ k' [- B4 j! }9 u+ T/ Y, p7 J
- v2 s/ s) M- O$ b0 i, x" f" c! f- k6 I; ]Drama and Music. q: K8 _! }2 T' i
35. Humorous skits and pranks
- ]3 h& z7 O# U% F3 f* w: J9 m, @ 36. Performances of plays and music7 H" [# e0 l; t3 z
37. Singing3 j: |( P, |" s' D5 O. A' f' r
% r, ~/ U0 ^: y; ~5 a7 p
Processions5 ~! d# n' y# x# j% H% F9 e8 F
38. Marches4 a" k6 A- k4 N; [
39. Parades
$ G8 r- ?/ D: x% s8 r& S7 X 40. Religious processions
9 u! ^/ b, l' y1 q 41. Pilgrimages
0 r' J5 Y# ^1 z7 @7 `7 y 42. Motorcades
* B7 }" k1 M/ ^% ^0 q5 R1 t- O( [# h% ~! a7 A
Honoring the Dead& W; Y0 Y, c" f& V# B
43. Political mourning
5 t7 } s1 F7 U. i 44. Mock funerals2 b5 w! Z b; i# v7 m+ r ~
45. Demonstrative funerals
! B: [# j5 ?1 w! T 46. Homage at burial places5 o' R. R# i2 c& w5 H
* ]% n# D: Q j
Public Assemblies( T' z6 Z5 S. ]1 U, S
47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 O% r" M# M7 l% [ H1 L 48. Protest meetings% p) N" v G! P$ A( E- s* ^+ H
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
% u* ^# z; D" s0 H* V 50. Teach-ins/ V& ?* h1 u( l" b j, T" z
3 E3 ]7 L. O' g+ n; ~Withdrawal and Renunciation; j$ x+ y) b- }
51. Walk-outs
+ t% P4 G f0 w9 Y6 o4 ?9 o 52. Silence8 ?1 \8 X/ Y/ y1 p j/ P
53. Renouncing honors
# v- }* I/ d- l" U/ Q: ` 54. Turning one’s back1 X& l8 V3 T; D+ ]9 J5 s- @6 r' l: K
! K% k" ^% d3 k) J0 {$ H
& \8 p# o' L4 v& H2 A/ S) M5 ~/ y. U( ^
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
4 y/ g! P0 K! ]) k9 U# |9 Q/ u+ K7 m8 [1 l5 X
3 {# C& h* ~' ^# A7 u
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Ostracism of Persons
& T+ C1 u8 K% p5 G 55. Social boycott* E( s" `) r- [, \/ x
56. Selective social boycott
4 T& ?5 k) d7 |) R; Z* ~' s 57. Lysistratic nonaction
, j% ?! B+ o* Z0 q 58. Excommunication! A- U e; p3 h8 f7 u% [3 y1 R: D$ T
59. Interdict2 j5 b: I. F. F3 h1 ]
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
) M6 \. U& z. i+ Z" Y 60. Suspension of social and sports activities, N) S8 V1 q9 f: {6 Y8 {
61. Boycott of social affairs: ?. P0 @8 n5 W o; _
62. Student strike
s# r0 M1 I# O) Y1 }/ L 63. Social disobedience D# P. O. M4 N9 k; @1 O
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
. g1 @! W9 n6 k
0 i& N% |2 @& B! A$ F6 U- v, FWithdrawal from the Social System) w5 w3 v0 m( x% w# n
65. Stay-at-home* `6 a8 Z- P4 f0 `' M# s
66. Total personal noncooperation) i, O6 V1 ?2 K9 J, l
67. “Flight” of workers
8 l V$ T5 N4 j! A 68. Sanctuary
: R, G* Y/ _( N: V& i* S 69. Collective disappearance
& Q- a$ N( w: J/ \6 | 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)8 y0 r+ W: S( {# M+ F
& k3 a8 r2 v) L . ^# \, C' A+ T) ~6 H/ v- ^% q- v
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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& m4 x$ r6 d, _0 e; n n+ x( }& e1 ?
Actions by Consumers& R; V; v) A& N3 p
71. Consumers’ boycott0 m/ g& r0 e2 [/ o$ M' k0 l/ B' l
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods3 e5 r+ D' Q. C1 l# ?; K! \
73. Policy of austerity
) a/ z& O# E: N6 W" y 74. Rent withholding4 Q& r j; u0 p6 I
75. Refusal to rent
- ]( U1 d. F- P9 ?, O 76. National consumers’ boycott
, a( }& F7 `1 n) b1 ? 77. International consumers’ boycott7 [7 m. E; z, t% _1 _
0 R: g- v* o4 Y J/ E, D" a6 `
Action by Workers and Producers6 b, r/ n! h$ w6 s) V
78. Workmen’s boycott. O- ? Z! `2 k) k* T( K j$ R5 `5 W
79. Producers’ boycott% n5 @/ E6 V r8 J" o! R# R& P
, ]+ U# p6 }( e" T( H. ?3 U
Action by Middlemen7 k1 u+ I1 m. C* \6 ~0 P
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
- J) k7 s9 k9 S# H9 W$ {
9 L2 s4 Y2 @. T6 `) S' n3 S+ h5 dAction by Owners and Management
# w; P9 D$ E( p$ n! @6 g 81. Traders’ boycott
- v+ O. a: U. h9 |4 X7 e/ Y$ ?( v 82. Refusal to let or sell property1 v2 G0 Q. A9 h. J8 |/ A2 V0 B# I
83. Lockout
% j8 Z6 q& R" m) h" _ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance) f( ?8 u. W. m, f7 V) M* g
85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 m7 l* X8 T4 Y6 N6 _' y; e1 \
$ x o6 r2 s8 r2 e
Action by Holders of Financial Resources1 w: P" ~4 ?3 g. g! D* K2 r* h
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits' ]# b$ X6 K }
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! f% D& ^7 P: T& s
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ f! J% X. O& B0 Z1 H 89. Severance of funds and credit7 y# o3 P- U+ {9 q, ?# u2 Y
90. Revenue refusal$ W& \! a. c8 H- l- q
91. Refusal of a government’s money5 Z; Y' P/ q: n5 R) }
6 K4 V9 T1 F4 i) f. VAction by Governments
3 }3 Q P' Z/ ?3 y/ v: O4 y 92. Domestic embargo$ }2 T: U+ q4 A, p
93. Blacklisting of traders
' y! b7 X0 q1 ?+ g: A# C: @: j 94. International sellers’ embargo; C- i3 E% R9 ?6 C+ w
95. International buyers’ embargo
- a" C3 S* u3 l# z 96. International trade embargo, n I X3 f" A
+ J- E+ U" p( `9 t8 ~0 _9 i' N6 c( v+ u# a
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5 F/ h: B: M& E8 J2 |$ m p7 d
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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@% `: b8 c% Z) aSymbolic Strikes
4 ]5 @+ o' R! C# d9 R' D$ D 97. Protest strike6 l4 D* A5 g0 n2 Y/ a1 j
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike); j1 B) q/ x" z2 _8 y
& w# J0 c9 v3 M: W0 O' {
Agricultural Strikes
& W# ^9 a. t" }* o I' j 99. Peasant strike( u0 h L7 O' m+ t
100. Farm Workers’ strike
) Y1 w& l+ V: X$ h( B! s* f G8 n% i% d# ^. f( S0 o
Strikes by Special Groups$ H* k8 A! c2 i( A2 P6 I+ C
101. Refusal of impressed labor2 `* f8 f' _& ?- U& ]; A
102. Prisoners’ strike
& L2 ^3 q; D- ~% g- x: \: y7 ~5 ~! Q 103. Craft strike
3 s7 ~" C5 P+ D g# n2 v1 o" Y% U 104. Professional strike4 e) r" t7 e x9 P
n1 W; S- x* G8 |3 s# H' @Ordinary Industrial Strikes
# w/ I9 P ?: M8 k. Z 105. Establishment strike8 S' b" ^& i& T" _7 D! H
106. Industry strike* S* z9 q$ M w3 e+ L4 g; t
107. Sympathetic strike/ i! I, Z2 k# }& t1 h: ]
. L H% @% {' T6 f
Restricted Strikes! B% U5 ] N1 q9 A9 {3 y1 P
108. Detailed strike3 D5 Q1 A* N5 m4 Z
109. Bumper strike
3 p) w& g. @+ G0 C4 R+ H/ `; v 110. Slowdown strike
- a" O& A* E# _4 i5 f6 G( z# V 111. Working-to-rule strike& y4 m8 e4 N$ z; o) ^. a
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
$ K, w; a# p; c |: e0 O3 a 113. Strike by resignation
% t5 @; y! s1 C4 z2 q$ { 114. Limited strike
4 s+ }. Q4 E, `2 I( V 115. Selective strike
8 Q9 Z" Y& o$ b& Q/ f% ^$ \7 h2 D a, ~
Multi-Industry Strikes: v5 k- z6 E& X4 B
2 @; Q. `6 O5 i: X. ]/ A: E
116. Generalized strike4 e" d6 S; k" P2 M4 K2 s3 r8 E6 f
' n5 {' v0 R% k8 T4 |
117. General strike
3 V1 w9 N+ o/ W, ]- ?- V# k6 B: M P5 K3 }2 F0 `
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures& c9 X: K) e" ~7 p- ~# r% _7 | i
, _* h% V- F# ?0 L& s) Y- |" W" K# C 118. Hartal/ t& |& U& F) N- Q
) F; c: s3 A& G+ `
119. Economic shutdown, O& m6 m# |6 ]' n/ H1 e5 g
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- w+ | V8 b( d! W& ^THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 @" {) U' u. S+ }Rejection of Authority2 u5 f. P; u2 v3 ~
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ O- O. |% i c7 {' H1 N" f
121. Refusal of public support. P* G$ w; b: f$ t% |7 w. i2 g- m
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 J+ O! d8 r5 w7 B& J% T/ m6 s S0 e
, T, E9 Z# G3 G4 C2 {! zCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
7 V7 R# R8 U; L w! X- S 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
i: H5 P( n! ~% X 124. Boycott of elections" e; \3 H- I+ c
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
% g+ p7 y4 r5 R* X) b; Z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 S0 g1 m0 y( P1 ?- c. | w 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
% \, L! \4 V3 \2 R! z 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations! |, U# ^" Q% O! _4 ~1 {; ~& g; c
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' H+ z$ h# w7 s. E 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks0 M- }9 z T+ T+ P. \* g# K
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( c( A- S& u% l- e) \) _7 w7 j
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% H2 s* t9 N1 V: M1 a
( O! d: S. V0 @& z3 n
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience3 W9 A6 F6 v$ b) \
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
! h' }" r8 x' T3 e 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
9 Q: I+ P4 y, _ t4 r; H 135. Popular nonobedience
! I6 }" ]6 X* _; | 136. Disguised disobedience0 y9 `7 ? |; s6 ] k0 K0 L
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse. [# x5 C) k4 {) b4 v- c
138. Sitdown3 g6 H, ?( U8 H! z% u4 D2 t% u
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' G" J& h J( O6 U# X0 }& p
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* F5 q) {: b- K0 ~0 Z 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! }- v0 E0 ^! x1 E0 F: o# Z+ H( ^
Action by Government Personnel( \+ u# V* f; ]' W) q& ]
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' A- V, T+ u k3 j2 i 143. Blocking of lines of command and information5 W; N, B4 B. R7 s% v: N, k
144. Stalling and obstruction
# G6 ?: @2 D" K" C6 f 145. General administrative noncooperation
9 }" R0 y# [7 }" \: `% Z! T/ Y5 r/ a7 ? E4 v* V* J
146. Judicial noncooperation
: r7 j2 V' w! ^. H& V 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ [6 R- G, h% I: f+ p
148. Mutiny2 B" v9 M, {9 r. W! h5 g5 }; l
Domestic Governmental Action' |$ q* d9 P, ]# f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
9 V* f2 Y4 l0 N! m6 Z9 y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units# T4 Y/ j: e, M; K$ n8 B
, R' b" q, P4 HInternational Governmental Action
. D; Q1 H) t" n9 D/ {$ m6 F9 s 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 N/ V8 P; M$ a2 q6 { s
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
9 Z5 k7 D, f/ F% \& X 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) F4 p: P4 g) W) ], _
154. Severance of diplomatic relations' L2 N+ E \! k, `9 p, n' i4 ^
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
0 G! ^+ g0 ~7 u, M$ C7 _ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies" z, z* b# q; k* g* R3 w& p
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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5 g9 }+ Z- s- L5 r+ e: q" S& J. } Y( c* d
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
% X% Z' v( y2 |, {, T' h% M V0 A$ b- r, q& m
0 r( Y% k' J- @8 K; o' hPsychological Intervention
! d l/ x& j4 O1 ^* P 158. Self-exposure to the elements
/ j' V7 g' V, a2 A- U' @ 159. The fast: \( h" f( j }5 I
a) Fast of moral pressure
# o7 O; n* X" h d5 { b) Hunger strike2 r6 D4 P4 ^ s
c) Satyagrahic fast
- z, Z. X/ r) p/ p 160. Reverse trial& p6 `/ y m" p- P# Q1 X; X* _9 i
161. Nonviolent harassment7 I6 M4 T8 e2 \* i! ?$ q6 I* Z2 H7 `
3 D, j8 E$ Z0 R Y2 G- d% C- w
Physical Intervention1 t9 d! i" f( l
162. Sit-in
& |$ L: S" k' \2 ^! t 163. Stand-in% Y" g- } ~! ]4 N) ]
164. Ride-in
# Z. c9 H4 s% A- r1 X 165. Wade-in G3 L# Z% h; X- C6 z
166. Mill-in0 E. z X2 X! X& f% G3 ?- B1 E
167. Pray-in/ H0 a6 Q& T5 ]. X) m) T% ^7 |% S
168. Nonviolent raids
7 e; m7 _* l- u' ? 169. Nonviolent air raids
8 q: {/ |2 I4 {7 Y" x 170. Nonviolent invasion
$ {" d7 X8 d4 m7 c$ A; I- ? 171. Nonviolent interjection) ^2 G, H. _9 E! F
172. Nonviolent obstruction& Z* g, Z r/ L2 c) G
173. Nonviolent occupation
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9 m2 n# |% y/ R4 iSocial Intervention; K: y( j% e, Z* B6 M$ ~
174. Establishing new social patterns; W* n% u! x7 y( C5 ^3 T$ W! T/ ^! K
175. Overloading of facilities; b. T( K+ }. B# b$ |& F% K
176. Stall-in
; s. J& K; x1 j" ?0 b 177. Speak-in
; ?( J+ A" i' o0 m& S, w, S5 A 178. Guerrilla theater
9 D. I0 [& z" b! z0 N2 m 179. Alternative social institutions
+ J# ?9 f; `+ j 180. Alternative communication system/ P- D0 w' r3 {, ~) E% R
2 H+ g6 c( R+ V c6 yEconomic Intervention
; X+ u$ h" x" W! g | 181. Reverse strike. t! z4 F5 u" ^/ E" a7 s! J
182. Stay-in strike
1 d5 K9 r. _4 k4 f4 O' O 183. Nonviolent land seizure
2 G7 h5 U5 F% M } 184. Defiance of blockades
, i( t1 ^; }% K: X# |/ j" G 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting( S5 }6 d1 s% b5 |
186. Preclusive purchasing( P3 m4 J4 _. [. c* |: p& V
187. Seizure of assets
" r6 D0 c V& ~$ _5 e 188. Dumping
3 |, @; M( t' h/ M$ g c 189. Selective patronage
: f# f- d$ j- P! Q 190. Alternative markets: A' a2 j- q# i; _
191. Alternative transportation systems. d- ~$ T0 i1 O. d [) _
192. Alternative economic institutions, ?+ t6 S0 r2 d7 ]3 K- q# @6 x0 {
/ n4 [& _/ R# ]4 m6 o/ @& t( r
Political Intervention% O }) E- _1 x# Z( p8 R) u0 \. z
193. Overloading of administrative systems
* R `$ n7 z( P# ^ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents6 R+ A* f) M1 w0 L( ~% T9 I3 [
195. Seeking imprisonment b' `" }2 c7 B( R' S! j! I
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
( o+ v- i: R ^/ x- x8 i: H 197. Work-on without collaboration
9 z% E5 H q- [0 i' I 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 |6 u* X- q0 V# X7 e. Y
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
