 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
- } U' R' f% k. y7 S" dFormal Statements
( F8 _- a2 K; q7 A& ~ 1. Public Speeches
- a5 Z! j: u3 t5 o1 @( ~; D" S 2. Letters of opposition or support
# m, b# S$ H3 [6 M. c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
6 r- c. ?0 a1 v 4. Signed public statements2 I; I4 U* u; ^
5. Declarations of indictment and intention, z9 }" B# B- F* \- B
6. Group or mass petitions5 F! G9 N$ E: k
7 v; L w1 B$ b' ~) Z7 C4 ^
Communications with a Wider Audience# h( k* Y# P% [) r' o5 H8 P
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
( Z8 C' w- z$ e3 ?0 |6 o 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 x' Q% }/ J. }- _* D( B
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
V, A6 Y0 Y4 c. I. ~- |* q 10. Newspapers and journals
( A8 \6 t" t& u* p e% h5 L) t& f 11. Records, radio, and television% X2 D9 K: h# S6 c
12. Skywriting and earthwriting' p( k- k @" j9 g
0 o/ ~" A: D n! h2 ~9 {) a9 tGroup Representations
0 z' `9 h6 h- d: \3 \ 13. Deputations! U- o6 A) n* m
14. Mock awards" i. E- ~0 F7 x: m7 P
15. Group lobbying- `+ @3 P& h7 x) I: f+ x1 V$ f
16. Picketing
- O, l! R: l9 y, M4 p$ b ~1 y6 Z 17. Mock elections6 f' d0 ?% x' N. I. b2 Z
9 Y8 N' g$ X. U7 N1 sSymbolic Public Acts; q; Q* l9 V+ r3 } i. l
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
1 e+ d+ g! |) n0 v0 v3 m 19. Wearing of symbols) k0 O( q. v+ g) d9 N, ?
20. Prayer and worship. s4 x8 D; \0 `. ^' B0 E$ M
21. Delivering symbolic objects- A0 o1 [$ z' @3 ?4 ^) F5 p% J" Q. P
22. Protest disrobings6 U9 Y1 r |# W0 t- m/ Y+ Q' }2 l a
23. Destruction of own property
/ A4 v W' A C+ S Y, n6 ] 24. Symbolic lights
/ h- ^/ O' G- Y: Y8 v 25. Displays of portraits
5 |4 F& Z3 c$ K$ _" x 26. Paint as protest. R4 B# v/ N: k9 w: \% l
27. New signs and names2 b1 I5 u1 T5 {7 O: w/ U. x
28. Symbolic sounds9 y4 E* X( s, g, r+ w+ n! F
29. Symbolic reclamations
/ e8 n2 f" }$ W1 w% a 30. Rude gestures
5 Z. t9 F& X/ e6 J. `( s; C% n( n1 g2 t# M2 r
Pressures on Individuals
* P3 [( l9 H$ Q( S% n- _! | 31. “Haunting” officials
5 w, @1 @- t/ x5 G- \" Z7 T) y 32. Taunting officials4 Y" g( c# o* [: O1 k, j+ M
33. Fraternization& w9 e, j; h. U' w3 [7 M
34. Vigils
6 j% T, I: w& z1 [! F( b# X/ H& X$ Q
Drama and Music
$ C' V: ^" n! w+ W 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ _9 r5 `& ?1 R! n* I 36. Performances of plays and music+ ? G4 i' D X" X
37. Singing" n& r2 E* S/ d( W, W( m
4 w0 v" T/ H r4 Q* ]Processions
% e2 Q( Y. ]+ a5 D5 e1 E 38. Marches
' r8 p E4 g- |* m7 \ 39. Parades' i# o6 `& i h! m( q/ P( ?# N j
40. Religious processions
. l" D1 [" c8 s0 H7 x. N4 t 41. Pilgrimages
2 v4 ^4 A, ]" y# g8 P 42. Motorcades" r! G' m/ o8 d+ m2 h
& c8 Y2 y! y! b, R4 b2 f* p5 XHonoring the Dead
& l5 V. W! \" K' B* B: k 43. Political mourning
; e7 ^( q6 c8 `6 R 44. Mock funerals
% ]/ H* n; N& X 45. Demonstrative funerals
# J' x* F8 C2 |3 j2 i 46. Homage at burial places! A: H7 H( @/ |( M! I) `6 h
3 K& ~" S8 e9 C2 t/ z' XPublic Assemblies
; q: `- R; G. Z" } 47. Assemblies of protest or support
/ M6 B. f" q$ w* o$ [2 C! e 48. Protest meetings S7 [* b! n/ A5 u" A0 R
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
; ]) S; T/ ?2 h/ g9 P2 z8 X 50. Teach-ins0 j3 u2 U7 X8 b7 f, t3 V! J
' g, d: \7 z5 t& { @
Withdrawal and Renunciation
6 L% F/ j# B# ^( c 51. Walk-outs
|2 c z& O( _ 52. Silence+ e8 R$ b# n1 L5 `/ u8 M
53. Renouncing honors
6 k9 O' _% ~7 L 54. Turning one’s back4 e! \' R4 X; B9 ^% K1 i
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: k- Q- q& ?0 H) |+ s) ]0 x/ k+ n" KTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
/ A' a/ l. ?5 ~ a) \9 O0 Z5 F0 j/ l$ e+ {# j& c7 s
4 ~# C. p& T8 R/ }* n, [
2 i4 L: S5 [: T/ ~; c- x
Ostracism of Persons
( X, I# V8 E4 Z5 R: U/ X 55. Social boycott2 T2 F; e! p* m( h/ N
56. Selective social boycott, V6 X% u& p# ^0 A9 i0 C
57. Lysistratic nonaction
% _3 d/ C x2 P# G* r, W9 v 58. Excommunication2 Q9 p7 r$ p* J, H$ ~
59. Interdict
6 \: i- `6 ~2 J# s/ @
' B! p. r6 L, ]; W/ ]Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
% ]* c: W- x4 j; d2 `4 X. Q3 h+ J, h 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
; g1 w" C7 Y& Q! g* Q% R( i 61. Boycott of social affairs: k, C% ~ t+ ]2 T" t
62. Student strike/ t# P' A* E$ C. F. W J
63. Social disobedience! W3 Q9 A0 q' W: l$ b7 M4 U
64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 }( e& L ? r. L0 o7 E- |
' K1 I+ b2 z% M* t: i/ }. S
Withdrawal from the Social System9 h1 [0 ~+ [# c$ P) ?6 X
65. Stay-at-home
5 t* O- ]- p/ _ w# ]4 |( { 66. Total personal noncooperation
! Z: T2 t. u0 w3 ^# E J0 } 67. “Flight” of workers( h! }0 @4 q4 h; f: \1 U
68. Sanctuary
2 p6 w7 `, \, Z- a 69. Collective disappearance7 A; v, F0 n# n5 x# R
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
6 Z) l1 B' h A. N7 C. J6 B* r9 G$ w5 }# P$ W
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers
; p5 G4 r+ ?1 T% U% I 71. Consumers’ boycott1 [4 H7 k* X! r0 s \
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( v4 D! h6 x0 C* T( {- U0 v& h
73. Policy of austerity0 ]0 h/ Y+ T8 ~' U/ E
74. Rent withholding" g* j, a" q, k# c; n& c
75. Refusal to rent
8 i/ `7 J2 c4 P* M& {+ Q 76. National consumers’ boycott
- t* ]/ V4 W8 @% [; C 77. International consumers’ boycott1 v6 g; {- l7 m; t
; ~! a F8 o2 u1 D
Action by Workers and Producers, \& c) [3 \. Z9 H7 P
78. Workmen’s boycott* p' P" p% N1 v+ D
79. Producers’ boycott
1 _) E* c) y5 l$ x) ] P. e, {9 \) J9 e* w5 P/ X' \
Action by Middlemen. q2 I' j) l/ W: y2 R6 v
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
! J. k5 l9 C3 R" f( g/ h& Y1 g
6 f+ x; f# z, c! T2 c" xAction by Owners and Management
5 p% a% `1 o3 g; }# L8 w" ~ 81. Traders’ boycott) K+ |9 g, Z. z2 i
82. Refusal to let or sell property# J6 b' j& Q2 r0 j% m! n) s/ n
83. Lockout
$ D, c# O7 T9 | 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; R Y& X0 i% M; v: g# H5 v1 x
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
% c9 p6 }7 Y' ]7 F9 Z1 ` ?5 y7 l6 e4 e Z5 J5 G0 U, z, N
Action by Holders of Financial Resources( O4 |# g5 P7 S; C( s
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits; M c" j& _3 Y, W- w0 e8 n
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
- f8 q. D, S; I 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
$ r9 g6 F" u6 a! V 89. Severance of funds and credit* `( z4 e1 s, U7 M2 m9 J: K
90. Revenue refusal% T! W6 w A) v7 b& C& ]) Q! l
91. Refusal of a government’s money1 s6 v2 g" a& n0 |8 |# d/ |. N
( s; f% t3 }8 o* x
Action by Governments- n2 a9 A0 d- t2 w D
92. Domestic embargo
0 n' ^! Z. k2 e: P" L4 d7 ~ 93. Blacklisting of traders! G' E- L h; e; d/ H' X
94. International sellers’ embargo) N# `; g! @% t4 G" ~9 X: N4 Q
95. International buyers’ embargo
3 J. M, T/ O/ @. {+ z+ u) w/ w 96. International trade embargo5 }! `* }* }6 w: k
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
5 K+ {( g4 C# d% n7 N, D0 u; x2 ?5 f$ _% @) B- }( l, B/ w4 ?
, L1 d; s5 J5 u$ L' ]9 s5 V
Symbolic Strikes; N9 t2 ]8 t; M5 r& I( S
97. Protest strike7 c" z! b9 a( ^7 Q6 s7 {8 l$ R( i* C4 V
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)" P' Y. h: I2 j" T7 a) q; m6 `4 Z" T2 w
: h& G7 h' X' w* h
Agricultural Strikes
; g/ [% Q! @) O( }( v7 R2 d, P 99. Peasant strike
2 ~# c% _9 m, S( W' E 100. Farm Workers’ strike
2 s7 b( q) ^- S9 A; I
# \, f5 h6 I4 l, \& c) gStrikes by Special Groups
: b9 H: M+ _3 a 101. Refusal of impressed labor# H& d2 r6 y; E" v1 @
102. Prisoners’ strike: k; I: x! D( t5 O. e9 O
103. Craft strike
* P" M( L5 ?. h# H. n: l 104. Professional strike N9 Z4 W$ N( C6 c$ z4 _
. s% T9 U/ _: r: e/ i) ?
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
& ?+ O% h' ~/ y5 u0 O 105. Establishment strike. Y& S8 B4 R6 _4 ?8 l, C" b( }# A
106. Industry strike0 D3 V9 N- v3 X2 G# K/ z
107. Sympathetic strike( C2 Y) i S E
1 E# k9 {9 t& z0 hRestricted Strikes+ z- q" U! c( }3 {
108. Detailed strike, f S8 }+ p' a G- p
109. Bumper strike
" K' H5 S' f9 _. m, Z1 e0 Z 110. Slowdown strike
* u4 R/ j0 x, z( l3 F% u1 l 111. Working-to-rule strike8 O+ K8 i. B4 y' N; `9 \3 T
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 F& n, `: A4 q- d4 H2 `* G 113. Strike by resignation
; u) U H4 W p9 e4 a 114. Limited strike
4 V Q" \, o5 j- [' ~ 115. Selective strike
- M: m* a, c2 s y2 K) Q# I
2 N* T3 E" Y U* gMulti-Industry Strikes. \/ V) ?4 c- ]) ]9 @" u# O
4 T) \1 R+ c! ?" E$ V9 o5 T+ g& j
116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures8 I: a4 g) y$ u0 d. R+ o9 `+ m. Q
8 v; ?6 e8 ?+ O2 \. L8 {9 N
118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown' J* d% n& j9 V; T" g
6 U; B& ^( B8 A# i6 _2 [
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4 v( E, c# H5 [" w5 V3 A# @THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION& S; S. G7 q6 Q& E7 F5 ]
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Rejection of Authority
7 M. `9 O* i$ R% z% u; x$ O% S( e 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
/ W2 B9 X, p, x0 t, ] 121. Refusal of public support: r# s5 y* `$ Q5 C
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' |' c4 z( ~! \/ T6 Q E q1 [, u8 e2 v9 K& J& h
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
. a, C) y) V. W+ ]1 H1 v 123. Boycott of legislative bodies3 ^- m3 H5 t L4 n! O4 e j
124. Boycott of elections% k& z+ y9 `1 T) e* G2 g8 |. X
125. Boycott of government employment and positions; r' Q ~6 o( N2 e ^ ?1 Y
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
6 U3 \( `" f3 E 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
1 ~3 `, S- y2 y1 M5 i2 d! @ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations4 B5 I9 [0 y2 E" t
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) Q2 h% C- |5 @$ j! y
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: s: G4 X5 E: \9 L: A1 Y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
% b/ U- {; t/ ~, w/ v 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ K: u5 ^5 t3 D8 e% ^* t/ z: I
, ~, X E! m6 r8 I4 \Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 a# N- A! t4 r- _5 D4 o
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& x0 v2 n9 d* D. u: D 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& L5 v- x$ T7 `$ U/ n
135. Popular nonobedience
0 H7 h& b6 j7 ^6 L. L 136. Disguised disobedience
# I7 h$ ]& u( u' w G) _ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse3 D0 U! o7 i' M$ ]. B
138. Sitdown
: \7 L0 X$ s4 Q c 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
# T, R$ N7 k: L2 i 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities. i; N1 I4 |- M# ]2 E$ k
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
8 m) R* d2 k& c L, [0 F! I7 ~, Q& o6 E7 T3 z) t. m5 {
Action by Government Personnel+ O8 Y' l: v& T* O; y% w
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ V$ Y+ g; \4 @
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ Y/ x6 _) M4 J0 @0 N- B a2 B# h/ Q 144. Stalling and obstruction) b/ m' y; p; O! x
145. General administrative noncooperation- A/ B- N g7 U8 R( b. q
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146. Judicial noncooperation
, r9 @8 V' X; b H$ A! X 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( R! `" m+ o$ {# J( @ 148. Mutiny
1 P! _# r# d, G6 x8 G) A# ?; O6 jDomestic Governmental Action
5 ?' h" U& r% ~* V+ g, q 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 K3 p; c3 w, R
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 ~8 L: e8 g3 ?: n7 e9 Q- \- y; j2 G8 j# ~* z; K
International Governmental Action
2 d, }, x) t. b& L" E: Y+ n 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
) @: H" u& E8 c/ u/ K { 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
- o/ } T5 Y+ F5 i# g 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition8 R5 I; d- b- l* |% S
154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 @& G* `4 V* L0 v C
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
: i) j' Y7 {3 T) j1 X% W3 G8 l 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
) f; H: i. i6 d 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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, [" U3 K/ V- FTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
' x# ^5 Y: x3 A 158. Self-exposure to the elements! @! I* b: e5 W, j7 L% F$ ~
159. The fast
: I, M6 E/ u% ^+ Z: H1 f a) Fast of moral pressure' C5 y9 `: l, U; Q1 _) z6 t; G( k
b) Hunger strike
: s" M& I, ^% e8 ]$ D5 S- J c) Satyagrahic fast
4 p2 z2 u' s9 H6 l8 g7 G 160. Reverse trial: ~: B/ A( W7 L
161. Nonviolent harassment) Y. A0 p4 c9 D8 o1 |) }7 _; Y
6 x8 G# l1 }% p, ^; KPhysical Intervention
& v1 i0 T- f8 l+ H4 @3 } 162. Sit-in/ O8 ]3 G+ Y' N$ H$ i$ X! k3 _+ _
163. Stand-in: M6 N+ m# H* p% G, H. d, h
164. Ride-in+ ]+ {5 G; S7 t5 S& ]8 l. ]# H
165. Wade-in
+ C8 p, o% [- e) C1 i 166. Mill-in4 V% n* _/ m9 _0 ~, _: i4 \
167. Pray-in
! a9 m9 M4 v3 N, w( V1 j5 k 168. Nonviolent raids
. w7 N4 L/ s% G 169. Nonviolent air raids x$ [& x% Q R9 q0 S9 \
170. Nonviolent invasion
0 c# D$ y; K3 @# `8 O3 S/ X 171. Nonviolent interjection
5 ]3 a& w$ i- i/ D; v 172. Nonviolent obstruction/ B: P2 G$ q, F$ |# t+ P
173. Nonviolent occupation: z6 e- [3 \4 N+ e! d* }4 x
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Social Intervention( u- Z! n/ b/ f
174. Establishing new social patterns
8 l4 i% R# H9 @" }; x 175. Overloading of facilities
$ W/ ~( h+ t0 E- x* I# j l 176. Stall-in( [% V( ^4 F$ e
177. Speak-in
5 [: S/ t# H# c6 ?! H% E 178. Guerrilla theater
; r0 b0 J- w" v4 h% I- r; i& ~ 179. Alternative social institutions
) f0 w% X+ W. x! |6 e4 o6 c) c 180. Alternative communication system- }( Z& T& S2 J. ^& s* u
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Economic Intervention2 q! h n$ n/ [. }8 Z0 {
181. Reverse strike
) A. \6 Z0 e0 L9 J' P 182. Stay-in strike4 V, o+ e2 y. r J) K6 B& S. Z& [
183. Nonviolent land seizure$ u, Z+ [6 {6 k9 M
184. Defiance of blockades% }. }1 M0 M3 a \6 @( W1 f8 Y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
# ^5 x- K; ?3 s1 L* ?; c 186. Preclusive purchasing: A* x7 t- N1 i5 |
187. Seizure of assets$ H; g, E+ l- |5 }& M( r$ p
188. Dumping Z$ i, C/ x. A# m( i0 R
189. Selective patronage5 ?" a2 J/ M1 V4 F O! D
190. Alternative markets
& x A3 X0 K& u! r 191. Alternative transportation systems
" E: D4 K% c: V+ R& G 192. Alternative economic institutions# S0 F& m7 d7 c$ p+ _; j1 }) b
% n- F* \: M+ o% q. Z9 ?Political Intervention( l2 k) n" ]6 O% r
193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ f, B9 i) @. N9 z2 K 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents# ~+ i2 u1 }( Y6 e
195. Seeking imprisonment0 d/ k0 u, L. W' R
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
l6 p& o$ P. c4 M# E) W/ O1 I. L 197. Work-on without collaboration+ F: H0 ] O- a! H! W
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 a$ G' Q# F& p# [1 X4 Z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
