 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 a8 ?, O/ D% _: _5 Z" Z# G# Y, e0 E
Formal Statements
2 H/ y7 I) A7 m 1. Public Speeches
T. p, |4 T H+ c' H" e7 { 2. Letters of opposition or support" f' ^/ K* m3 e+ X. Q! Z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 p+ W2 m; ~8 ^ G
4. Signed public statements, ?4 ?8 }: |. u% q9 z/ _
5. Declarations of indictment and intention% G# a; {# P6 T- z _0 U1 j
6. Group or mass petitions
- N; \$ f, D7 K/ g1 l# b7 d8 `# `/ ]
Communications with a Wider Audience1 s* @& [: C0 F- A6 H
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
3 N$ d6 A% _1 w# | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( h" `" l1 C* \6 {6 [( ]
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
4 u& |7 C ]" `+ S. p3 X4 J 10. Newspapers and journals' w$ z, g$ M% ]& j( q! |! d4 A
11. Records, radio, and television
' M( D7 S m( c 12. Skywriting and earthwriting4 m) G+ b- L# G' Y
! d" Y4 G9 M2 V* y3 |* h {, o6 u
Group Representations
7 \, S: K& l" A; F5 B, o( ~ 13. Deputations
) I4 h8 W' f. v9 |! I3 x2 o. K 14. Mock awards1 `- m) G7 d7 ^ O
15. Group lobbying# {& G4 ?' c# T$ w# F! Z
16. Picketing; P5 T5 H" v& z: V: |" |" O
17. Mock elections2 e. S3 Y; a9 n; y8 x
+ i" ^6 F. e% T4 F' c8 o7 v: F! c
Symbolic Public Acts5 f0 _& {! _4 V5 V
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
" n& y: D0 t4 b0 Q& l+ c) G3 J 19. Wearing of symbols
% m3 X- ~( W6 k9 Q 20. Prayer and worship; W6 F6 i8 Z+ f6 `, n& I4 h- s
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 M# `/ I6 u0 A! z% Q! y* k) D
22. Protest disrobings1 _% }# m8 q) G4 o% m( g: W
23. Destruction of own property
6 T7 f/ i v. z 24. Symbolic lights8 }- G: d6 I: t6 C( X
25. Displays of portraits
9 }* `) E7 c. x8 o7 n 26. Paint as protest
$ j z3 H8 M+ X$ { 27. New signs and names
' [! w3 v! E" O0 W 28. Symbolic sounds" Q# G9 \ b0 R( \2 s6 Z: B7 T
29. Symbolic reclamations
f! o* N' _8 q' O* u. V/ n 30. Rude gestures! X+ I5 W. r3 V0 {
* S' i. m6 ]: ?Pressures on Individuals' Q* Q4 O2 \% f% Q4 z: _, }
31. “Haunting” officials* d E5 ]- F* \. N- h9 ]
32. Taunting officials/ B H1 }* t. Z: N- Z
33. Fraternization3 c2 b+ n& G0 c! \9 k4 w, x
34. Vigils
& ?* S+ J- e/ @8 |8 `
, E; m7 k( M$ @9 l, Z* w3 pDrama and Music
( I( T/ U- G: [: q( N 35. Humorous skits and pranks
0 o* I. I$ t* z: F 36. Performances of plays and music
% Q6 ^8 |: s q/ K2 [ 37. Singing
/ g0 ^! D5 G$ W) A0 ^
+ K. b0 U& k5 c$ U: P SProcessions
/ {1 @$ a9 W0 Y' L- _7 z 38. Marches
, F/ M7 i3 W/ @2 k: D# |2 U 39. Parades
& k6 C" h! y+ y( K* C 40. Religious processions7 ?& T6 S2 L( e0 O
41. Pilgrimages
, A- u" p0 ^- c5 X& s! ` e( W 42. Motorcades# H8 k* M4 z* K8 H
$ I# ?0 s" L2 g$ y( S# Q' fHonoring the Dead9 n+ C% \6 A9 T# h, x
43. Political mourning
# w2 J) G/ F+ j/ }+ ^ 44. Mock funerals6 f" m. T7 W; p
45. Demonstrative funerals6 d2 W! x7 J W6 o& _) c
46. Homage at burial places
# \* W6 A3 ]( Y' ? x, C
' K; z; @' L4 Y( {* O7 T- WPublic Assemblies
6 Q( r c, g0 W9 J 47. Assemblies of protest or support
& X, K r; F& r+ b 48. Protest meetings, b: r/ M% S9 _0 J# ~. w* n
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest. V( o7 F4 K% H( E2 S4 Z% W& G
50. Teach-ins
/ s6 d( x' \3 {: W* I4 W7 v: W3 u1 Q& R' ?7 V" N
Withdrawal and Renunciation5 B% _& I3 Y! t9 p9 m! f
51. Walk-outs
' O5 L( d1 q/ G% Y0 D' Y 52. Silence
. r9 w% O5 _- N5 W$ F6 _ 53. Renouncing honors
/ m+ \* v$ t, N/ \' D 54. Turning one’s back0 H4 k/ O$ q$ O: n; R" n" ^& V
; J" |( S1 T. k+ B : J1 U" }) r# \0 u) d5 l
" q8 f4 W6 \: r. Q; J. W( U
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION" Y/ f1 A( R2 @8 w) E
8 g* a7 Z5 T3 v6 s/ E8 W" t
. P0 \! ~) o3 S3 i/ y, G' j
4 L6 [/ d8 R" y5 i' m
Ostracism of Persons% c0 A9 _/ n0 ?% g
55. Social boycott" L& r9 i- I+ {/ q% A
56. Selective social boycott
+ W& w$ T5 F& ~0 f% n1 K* K2 | 57. Lysistratic nonaction6 r7 W8 H. N% |
58. Excommunication
- k! Q5 V) X- l$ ^ k& N5 k 59. Interdict
4 ~" M* N E9 C* M1 G; Q! r) P
% A: E K9 ^. W9 u4 pNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
% F6 H4 |7 t, u# a8 j) I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities( K0 o( M. G9 ~2 o3 s
61. Boycott of social affairs
# b" l- i" C( x! x0 ~2 x 62. Student strike5 o% ` c# _ z! A4 L: n3 p6 ]5 s! H+ H
63. Social disobedience
: t7 T, o. ]6 d( R6 M2 t% d9 | 64. Withdrawal from social institutions; M( n; |, j2 Z: M8 k
. E8 ~3 T d; T" h' O: wWithdrawal from the Social System @. _0 o, V& W2 A; d! I
65. Stay-at-home
4 x3 I2 M1 P3 d9 y. i$ S1 W7 b$ j1 M 66. Total personal noncooperation+ |! d2 b* A' b3 ]: E
67. “Flight” of workers
4 A# H8 e2 h3 I& I/ Z 68. Sanctuary- t5 p. `6 S5 b
69. Collective disappearance
) {/ u& k" z0 O( |; I# i6 G2 e 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)2 Z8 c( z7 n, L9 a# M. d3 @+ p0 ^
; y7 X4 S# y# p7 ^; U! b+ p' U
$ }) V' j" p+ ^2 k# {& j; Y9 a
& i! m& v' t( z4 zTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- h1 W) T2 r) D& T
. G( a% X( s. o/ K6 p $ i: n* _% J# |5 [
Actions by Consumers& t' K7 F3 C8 d4 O, S+ d
71. Consumers’ boycott
0 v, d% M4 S: }- K 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& L4 y+ a3 r- J- C/ U2 ]. H3 b" i. U
73. Policy of austerity
2 @% o$ ]) s; n) r; J 74. Rent withholding
9 }1 P9 u. G, ]" O: r 75. Refusal to rent9 A* W1 R6 U3 b
76. National consumers’ boycott
. k p3 V Q9 d [ 77. International consumers’ boycott- U+ M; c+ Y+ v, f% N: _
1 n' G) X$ Q" {% P5 c* T
Action by Workers and Producers! }3 L5 C, {6 p! D
78. Workmen’s boycott$ a3 m3 a# y2 F
79. Producers’ boycott
- G9 w" G) E- h0 T& ]3 {. ~! c. A: Z/ n1 |" T& `: _8 ] Y \7 N
Action by Middlemen
5 `; g* t: M0 ]* ?8 e4 G' y0 O 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott4 m H/ n$ `" j F% s8 h
+ F. q9 ~' y9 ]; `9 A" s- {
Action by Owners and Management* Z; M/ x: q; F4 t2 b+ w, r! E+ m8 E, a# M
81. Traders’ boycott
- m+ Y$ Z8 B# U9 ~ W0 ]! f 82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 r/ t& o8 Q$ o% ^" [& | 83. Lockout
* O7 m, B6 m" r2 s. P1 M 84. Refusal of industrial assistance7 _5 _0 X! M* j1 n& a0 X# R
85. Merchants’ “general strike”* u G0 `$ }8 E, e k1 ^" P) J
6 k$ T5 G5 T! w7 r0 N" nAction by Holders of Financial Resources% u) W0 O( S- }
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
F% x- R3 S, K2 Z& h( x 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments# G/ ?2 i' F3 p! E9 Q9 B
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* e: D, t4 P2 S. k3 F( ?2 y8 a( X
89. Severance of funds and credit
5 {3 q% f! `$ [$ N" G% q 90. Revenue refusal4 `) S- Y# G" b1 a/ Z, g6 [& Y2 M
91. Refusal of a government’s money2 g' V7 H w$ p% v3 U
1 t1 g) _9 O d
Action by Governments, E1 i/ ?1 m! q' ]5 L
92. Domestic embargo
" D2 B% P S) j9 z 93. Blacklisting of traders
, {5 }7 I& y! Y8 y2 q 94. International sellers’ embargo) H" C- @. K) J1 I1 `7 `7 z: p5 |
95. International buyers’ embargo
% @" I- q' V# w5 _7 p 96. International trade embargo
: k" \/ Y& {; G' |" |4 C0 C9 a1 V5 f- x; }
. n" Z; a" K t" r, S, Q+ Y# |7 r c
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: t: L1 v8 e& j" o& Q$ o# V
* V5 \$ p+ ^1 {$ h
' p/ [3 D9 V% a r% f" d+ m. cSymbolic Strikes
8 e, R3 t, L3 b7 q( f3 ] { 97. Protest strike
8 u& p, K$ q: N/ \ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 v$ Q6 H# {" }' [
0 X. e) L0 A/ F7 \6 y# L2 t+ X' LAgricultural Strikes
8 e7 a# S; S# r! ?% X- n; Q" T 99. Peasant strike G; I! V5 }- A0 \% T* I6 v
100. Farm Workers’ strike
1 z( W3 z+ D6 _! v+ S+ c: ]+ C
Strikes by Special Groups: q- O6 [! r6 I, i" ~0 V7 `
101. Refusal of impressed labor" k: l3 m1 C, o. b Y f
102. Prisoners’ strike5 q9 ^3 N& k# T% b
103. Craft strike$ I D1 ?2 |, C4 J
104. Professional strike
' X6 S* |! M1 ^- D, P
. r7 Q" X! `1 x1 J2 SOrdinary Industrial Strikes
& g1 }6 ^6 O, T% G2 K& j8 x3 [ 105. Establishment strike3 t; \9 T3 r f" d- x, P5 j
106. Industry strike
5 V0 g' C+ o# ~& N+ j 107. Sympathetic strike& v( ^4 _ I2 g5 B; l- F2 h! a4 I
7 C& |+ r8 q4 d5 l8 m4 D+ |
Restricted Strikes( k! A8 I0 y$ j$ a
108. Detailed strike
" E: B, f4 k* p8 b# A9 J, C- H 109. Bumper strike
- x! |# p+ o- t V 110. Slowdown strike( _9 W6 o" Z4 z$ i# g+ s. q& F
111. Working-to-rule strike; X* w+ d) J6 H( r: ~
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
0 U1 t8 ^0 x5 Q; B5 |6 S/ k 113. Strike by resignation) Z2 v z0 h2 J
114. Limited strike
, O) x6 [5 Z& h' L 115. Selective strike: f/ z2 g, U! }( Y, _
; V) E& m8 n) D! b, r
Multi-Industry Strikes8 d7 ~2 H0 s7 ? I: Z2 H
3 A- g5 s) J* ~+ _0 ~
116. Generalized strike
6 I; F1 p, T# \" ^) n% ~' w) q4 s2 v( x- r! U3 C5 c/ Q
117. General strike
- Q6 Q. S, Q) d3 [' \% x+ ], b$ t# U2 B2 C, p% l3 p4 ~
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% L0 _, z1 s6 s |5 [/ s2 i$ h' p$ L6 V" N7 [- k% z! l
118. Hartal
1 ]# x1 u8 m T, O: G& b
/ V: }0 c7 D7 ` { 119. Economic shutdown, K* N6 C- I# [6 J) u
2 W) n3 _) O; `0 b) I
5 z+ c! }1 J* W2 o9 Y) c, @( ]: ^- U( q" Q3 u
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
, e5 \) H- W( g
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Rejection of Authority
& Y/ Z3 l9 Q: U9 } 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
. S: i7 q, i4 g$ g 121. Refusal of public support
. _, |- v: S9 E 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 L; [! G* }. ~" j. [7 M
9 f' ^! b/ e: I& C( ?% _Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
2 @; n4 L) C! |$ J J3 \ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 Z) g6 A- e4 h7 A/ b0 U
124. Boycott of elections
8 P! h" C8 x/ F: I$ L; j2 |5 E 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; U9 f, O2 R0 |& P 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
/ C4 N3 D$ M* }% p 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions9 M7 {( L# a* Z
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations q0 E. K8 ]6 E+ W! X
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents; f# j/ D3 J% W2 ^$ a, A1 _
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks6 N, B; H6 ~' A$ Y
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
- ~4 f2 F+ K D. }" u( J8 P. e! Y1 Q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
& f1 G* O) E F4 {1 O W5 P. Q' \" y, w% r
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
" l3 M- f+ u# C4 j( |0 g( w 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
- a5 Z \. R' [, ?9 w 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision) I! i$ H1 d' k; ~
135. Popular nonobedience
. u* D( @( k3 ? 136. Disguised disobedience
! X6 ~* ?3 B( u6 f1 \% | 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse0 t" A2 f6 O) |9 M" b
138. Sitdown
+ W+ ~9 k; I' |3 A7 S( Z+ ?0 b 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
" P, J! j8 g6 B. [1 f* H5 J 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
& U4 d5 _) K( x 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws |! Y0 {* P6 t) R; o
. g4 g Z3 |5 i( Y- d
Action by Government Personnel) M1 {! [) ~) C+ T: @7 t
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides2 w5 X2 y$ y3 [, n) w8 h+ G7 j
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
1 R$ G1 Z' F4 D9 e8 X9 A$ l 144. Stalling and obstruction" Y- L3 N+ P7 K7 g! X5 L: c# Z- C' {
145. General administrative noncooperation
0 h$ }4 _% G& q" }* k! W1 c6 H6 F8 w4 J) \3 M0 j
146. Judicial noncooperation
% }# C0 x. a/ j- m" d: V 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
) i$ @9 z, _2 z+ S1 {4 r' I2 J 148. Mutiny
6 E' a: |, ?& ^) n8 t( j1 CDomestic Governmental Action
2 v& R% \8 y3 q% @ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% C$ W9 t( p2 v' ~( I8 h9 ` 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
& ?" T3 d$ M! v$ |6 i& I" S$ ^! q+ A" S; [
International Governmental Action$ N+ Q: c7 s! C
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations# Y( h Q- s* F! d( a J( J+ w
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events0 @% ^' O$ }7 F; L/ Q3 s* G7 y
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition9 B$ d- k V4 ]7 a2 B( b
154. Severance of diplomatic relations0 y7 |( J+ S; a+ ?+ N/ W
155. Withdrawal from international organizations4 z1 b, W( K! |2 }$ j
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
% P( s1 m( X+ u( i 157. Expulsion from international organizations
4 x/ b5 @8 x; q1 I' g0 e( T- J7 I8 @$ G! ?+ Z
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$ s4 x7 U: b4 D3 X4 e6 u( bTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
y0 Y. ?6 H2 M* f
0 o1 ~4 T0 N: d/ F9 ~* R6 o3 W- V
& ^( e# J5 c8 J4 i5 LPsychological Intervention
; H* f! W0 v. j" x! [3 I0 }, n 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( P' @4 m( [' d8 b- |; r! R# c, S0 c 159. The fast
/ ]5 q6 o0 h. [ a) Fast of moral pressure
8 s2 k- C1 g! A) }9 U/ R b) Hunger strike
7 Z8 a5 B4 H& d8 @9 A- ^ c) Satyagrahic fast
! M! p9 [' f. O1 F( E) Z5 _+ g 160. Reverse trial
" [$ P$ t& B8 T0 S! q- S6 H 161. Nonviolent harassment
9 Z& @( m- W& P# W7 F- ?- `" R
Physical Intervention
) v9 l, e& d" ]9 I ]0 e 162. Sit-in; \9 O" k* {/ F3 u& }+ ?% W7 D
163. Stand-in% Z- A9 ^' ?7 v% f5 L# v2 j% h
164. Ride-in
8 X3 m P3 Y. U6 R8 i 165. Wade-in {8 Y" J, [' r( W, L' e
166. Mill-in
9 D. J: R' j) G, b% `; S d 167. Pray-in4 ]; c+ l1 M, v7 i8 A- }; g3 t
168. Nonviolent raids
+ w9 x3 C6 F, G! t. O6 G2 N6 V 169. Nonviolent air raids
% e: V; R: u8 Q# o. Z0 s1 o' W8 I 170. Nonviolent invasion
, y1 a) Z6 `: ?, r, \ 171. Nonviolent interjection6 y6 E/ x( G7 w
172. Nonviolent obstruction
; P8 X+ V u* ~+ P5 G 173. Nonviolent occupation
/ V6 w/ |! ~, {2 ?: T- ?3 c+ T- d
Social Intervention
& U l+ u% P, T& F# p 174. Establishing new social patterns
+ ~5 O( z7 h1 V3 |% C 175. Overloading of facilities
2 X2 r* Q8 v8 i# z+ h8 J1 i 176. Stall-in
: r) [! x8 e* E 177. Speak-in
" z9 c% j* V" y: ] 178. Guerrilla theater5 o0 t9 `& D, |! c( n
179. Alternative social institutions
, N- _# |. |) q 180. Alternative communication system
l- x( u- O0 O9 i
& k" \5 z1 I2 B1 o+ v: D- wEconomic Intervention
& M" b" r+ u2 [- I$ O 181. Reverse strike0 b6 i! `* j6 T+ o5 }+ B3 j
182. Stay-in strike8 E' c9 {# R3 i& i
183. Nonviolent land seizure
# [ G9 J& Q h2 A) L 184. Defiance of blockades& u+ w# M1 T9 F6 u
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting0 o0 P/ k" s6 ~. H" _+ Y; N
186. Preclusive purchasing& r# U. J1 b( s# E& [9 N
187. Seizure of assets4 e, E' `$ ` @
188. Dumping
+ {4 M( j: @: _! {4 ?- N: g 189. Selective patronage8 Z4 t% O; z9 y3 p; n+ L
190. Alternative markets2 z( T. h% u: s3 A/ M" i
191. Alternative transportation systems ^ y1 {4 f1 j# c% D* s
192. Alternative economic institutions
; z* i5 [* j% C) ]
/ F; g# O' U: n6 h8 {Political Intervention8 r$ Q# k. [2 @, @! G/ f6 x
193. Overloading of administrative systems9 D5 _8 h. g! L4 w4 \
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents; @* a3 L0 P* S+ z; j8 k+ T- C
195. Seeking imprisonment8 U4 \4 z7 \& P Y, U; u5 E+ K3 l
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 |3 i0 G/ C2 x
197. Work-on without collaboration3 V2 _& T- m- \
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
1 s! z2 [9 }- ^* Y/ C, I
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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