 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION$ V! Y! M& a5 Q/ E3 G* Z T6 [
Formal Statements& X1 g6 b& V: [: N( ?' s; _' x. N
1. Public Speeches
$ p) x6 Q4 g6 V9 D0 K) l2 R8 m 2. Letters of opposition or support. C5 T% U/ R- B! x W/ i9 Z. v2 O
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
9 e7 C- R! N- z" G9 v" ^8 ~* K' x 4. Signed public statements- m, p7 A7 J1 z# H; W
5. Declarations of indictment and intention9 C# K* g5 }- Q1 d; C; F
6. Group or mass petitions; m# Z+ W2 R. p) A
U* a0 R9 v) l. }+ k0 g) b: d8 q
Communications with a Wider Audience( g3 O' T1 f& Y2 d
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 o1 K( D7 t- c# Z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ M+ V. ~0 [, C4 I4 u8 P 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% [! I+ V/ y+ S% d' q- j1 e
10. Newspapers and journals
# r( r( |; u4 f5 I$ `* ]" p" c; N 11. Records, radio, and television
" O8 |! S' R6 p9 Q9 ~+ [/ O6 M 12. Skywriting and earthwriting/ h5 ^, G6 s" e! G3 I1 b
- d9 s+ `1 ^) [! W9 \Group Representations( E' u, p: z1 P4 a
13. Deputations
: B5 b# U7 P! s2 h 14. Mock awards
9 O& } \9 T- b6 C 15. Group lobbying: x5 X- {! D) [ w
16. Picketing
; q+ t3 Q( w0 K, J/ L2 X 17. Mock elections6 X" r2 d5 C* p. O$ x ?
* s$ _' L0 ^$ @7 h. d ~/ v* t7 YSymbolic Public Acts
8 O* Z# ~! d6 i' ^2 K2 {2 b% p% P 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
, Q+ _' q, ~2 N$ d 19. Wearing of symbols
. R9 h: } h% j2 C 20. Prayer and worship
: |/ i% ^& [+ B/ Q( { 21. Delivering symbolic objects$ d2 {+ [8 l( t5 H" B" I
22. Protest disrobings
% d0 J; Y( B5 O( o1 ~, }1 S7 A0 m 23. Destruction of own property
7 }- Q: T9 `: S% N7 `( q" a9 f 24. Symbolic lights
' c2 E7 t" d' W$ L 25. Displays of portraits
# ?, K/ p0 U/ t9 o3 }0 _" Q6 D 26. Paint as protest
& Q1 Y3 ?& |$ K9 H! r) \: i 27. New signs and names! L# r9 S$ M* v; \0 i% R/ r
28. Symbolic sounds' A& X0 O$ l( `1 |
29. Symbolic reclamations% E, w9 A& \4 r
30. Rude gestures2 R! \5 K+ W4 z/ A3 Z
6 F/ E2 Y8 O# K% k8 \
Pressures on Individuals( ]' { N J& A2 z; a
31. “Haunting” officials `- v- w8 |& \5 h) r
32. Taunting officials
9 a# N7 ] r1 w! i/ Z( r. B, f) E% h! A 33. Fraternization7 ?, `$ b6 o4 \6 c5 @! l* r/ A
34. Vigils
e, N7 p/ Y( q; ?9 O; c' p4 ~9 `
6 y( K9 [- W4 F1 ]/ wDrama and Music
3 ]- z$ n# T' B# h* z' P& e, f6 f4 Q 35. Humorous skits and pranks; s6 ^6 w) ~: m- s( |
36. Performances of plays and music
4 ? t( j9 d. R% L 37. Singing
; G$ l9 P' o4 i- @5 s4 @8 d/ O3 g' C* z- W* Z7 R/ i
Processions
: Z1 I3 \" m) Q4 V. {" a8 L0 x 38. Marches
+ k5 r& W- L; m5 |7 h5 o4 v K 39. Parades
8 ] {+ x0 Q' k8 [$ H 40. Religious processions2 {' [( l0 n1 o9 Q
41. Pilgrimages
1 K9 C1 c+ s$ V5 W' K 42. Motorcades' ?) K$ s/ v" f3 l
# s; Q) U7 f4 S, u: z. \, O7 wHonoring the Dead
' j |+ v7 u( h/ N1 S 43. Political mourning7 p" o& `/ J, |' }
44. Mock funerals
3 d, H: A1 g* _6 M 45. Demonstrative funerals
* J- `9 m3 Q; E4 V/ i/ h 46. Homage at burial places4 ]4 z# ]8 L" E! i
+ X2 F5 m3 A7 D# b( K: qPublic Assemblies$ P5 f0 {2 {+ C
47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 h3 O6 e- a r) N 48. Protest meetings. R5 y2 h- C% G2 T& b( ]7 g
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
9 J6 }2 x/ H V0 H6 D, x 50. Teach-ins- [/ K- m8 b8 }, X q
" z: y- o+ h0 l9 iWithdrawal and Renunciation
1 }# ~. G9 H% I' {6 {- { c 51. Walk-outs
& o6 J% h, b. `; l t0 K2 _7 N 52. Silence" w1 o& [" k; z& N- U" ~4 H
53. Renouncing honors
* o1 h" V% k( I) ^- u6 v$ @. a 54. Turning one’s back" j7 F) d& w% D
5 m/ E/ J6 b6 l5 Y9 p
# [! ?3 ?" B9 t& m6 h1 O) |6 E7 k7 @2 x$ e1 V2 E' _6 {
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) O8 I5 q- L2 h
$ p' j9 w$ i* x
9 s3 u. ]) ~ }) D8 s- p: h$ O! w, m3 o0 K! u$ v
Ostracism of Persons9 e3 Y0 y C8 r* \ t
55. Social boycott
9 M& L: l5 P( a8 h/ w 56. Selective social boycott4 A6 }7 D4 _: ]
57. Lysistratic nonaction
* A# _. _ P- ^7 I+ c 58. Excommunication
; F0 G& b" P, i0 L 59. Interdict5 K, U# k2 L l$ ^
8 o1 X! T2 b. c1 v1 pNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions5 i5 f& A8 ^) @$ r f8 D2 ?( w
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
: C6 g: P9 R+ \5 A( `+ h" ? 61. Boycott of social affairs
1 q( I; ^6 w% n1 n, [. W 62. Student strike
1 P* g3 Q! J, V1 x. X 63. Social disobedience
8 G8 L% s. P* [& i+ y" o" Q5 l2 y0 h 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 v& }8 J7 O7 p# N0 a) K$ s; F. |# I, ]- a
Withdrawal from the Social System
1 a" M# i# ?. R# j* S: F3 G7 Z 65. Stay-at-home
: `! O. m g/ v% ^" T 66. Total personal noncooperation& s& _) O5 f1 E2 O, |
67. “Flight” of workers
2 U2 l7 v) z B- r# o5 D 68. Sanctuary
T) @! C/ h2 v* u( {+ f 69. Collective disappearance: |! {; q: A C! n# k# @# y
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ ~1 M6 X, b6 I' a) G
$ k$ }/ A! P. q( S& J
$ I. F+ n0 \( u+ Q2 A0 x- v/ I" }) b
/ S+ C9 I: w) Q7 {8 b0 Q! fTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS! C" S& I! ~4 j
7 @) n/ W6 b( Q/ f1 D# L
2 T+ E2 F0 h6 M% ^0 bActions by Consumers
$ k# x* t+ s* i8 D8 K# G; { 71. Consumers’ boycott. n7 ]! f8 l) s. P
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 w0 e5 ^+ m6 h; q 73. Policy of austerity% c+ o! T/ D( u5 _6 z7 r
74. Rent withholding
; {% Z. F& h1 E+ v+ \$ T3 m 75. Refusal to rent" W1 R' @: U$ N+ S, Y# S
76. National consumers’ boycott
* C5 z3 y9 g& M# e& S 77. International consumers’ boycott
2 s: a& n$ x! I! ^, Q0 w) [/ [* a! a/ ~- O* S/ _' m
Action by Workers and Producers
# j% _5 q; C! A u 78. Workmen’s boycott
" s/ {) @" k- }! a4 F 79. Producers’ boycott
2 u1 v9 s+ g7 F: z9 q/ R5 b8 b) |
2 ^4 Y" `; T6 E; mAction by Middlemen
5 `& D- \7 ?8 o J A5 E 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ G/ k. e- b7 b0 y7 q' L! X* {' u) ^0 R7 S
Action by Owners and Management
5 W1 B. b. N- c% v 81. Traders’ boycott
j8 J7 y {! }/ `& U 82. Refusal to let or sell property
- R( _9 \6 U$ ~ 83. Lockout* S% ]: I9 d9 d! @
84. Refusal of industrial assistance% ~2 e/ c+ l, i+ }
85. Merchants’ “general strike”7 Q- c$ D( _3 }* j# d
( u4 K% q0 C% g# s8 xAction by Holders of Financial Resources
" o0 ^8 u& L8 |, G7 r0 { 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 N: f' C9 \/ s( g 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments5 R4 V C8 I; G& `9 i1 P
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest: h' h( o; R7 C+ N; X! O. O) Y% H
89. Severance of funds and credit( ~" O; N8 G) s) g# G) C, [
90. Revenue refusal
E+ E9 O) Q1 i! l, L0 k 91. Refusal of a government’s money( }" N5 Q! |' f
2 |- B2 Z3 i# }, p- i& s! T( pAction by Governments9 f3 {; K' f* M+ v' q
92. Domestic embargo9 H: o9 F% Z& q; p& Z; s0 i
93. Blacklisting of traders4 r- N# Z0 Z8 ~* M) g
94. International sellers’ embargo
) _; S5 V6 K+ l 95. International buyers’ embargo/ z% c- |( G. K7 W6 y( V7 a# x
96. International trade embargo8 s5 k. @6 t) U+ f
' x# R& p( [- X* y
" l4 g/ G& s/ f6 u- M! I7 s
/ m+ V2 h4 e; g0 z9 bTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
. |5 w+ A! Q1 I5 M- T( r; ^
) ]5 I/ \3 r. y. c7 a4 y' O 2 }, A+ {% Y8 X# h
Symbolic Strikes9 Z# C$ i! T& F' X4 y) B# l
97. Protest strike
$ O0 ~5 Q7 O0 b" D' M. u 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)) U* m# ]3 S, ]# Q9 S7 F- J
9 H; B5 J, ?0 R( `
Agricultural Strikes
0 y3 m- P w! @5 z 99. Peasant strike9 F/ e3 u) l$ @: P
100. Farm Workers’ strike% p' D( D6 A9 G1 S9 y
- h2 j+ V* @& j }
Strikes by Special Groups) D# l8 N6 D `8 O0 I
101. Refusal of impressed labor
8 p* R+ X D" x2 j. | 102. Prisoners’ strike
% f4 R# w: A) Y, q' v! A 103. Craft strike
8 z& P/ M/ Q | 104. Professional strike' M @6 U, X, R+ R& `6 V
8 I" z! S3 v: c3 p2 i5 X6 xOrdinary Industrial Strikes) \) t" k6 n- k; k6 |
105. Establishment strike
7 e+ K. U( R D; F5 M/ }7 B$ d 106. Industry strike4 U5 r3 `. A) T* Y6 M9 p: q
107. Sympathetic strike' N, b6 i" u. T `0 y& |" q2 m
2 @( W2 w0 _7 I) w0 z& u6 a& n! n9 CRestricted Strikes
6 O. F' ~- {) c3 u( K9 L 108. Detailed strike
5 y- |8 J9 M1 Z: M6 D! T7 @ 109. Bumper strike
, r6 ~' d& o6 y" t& u 110. Slowdown strike
& P3 w; ^8 a9 E. a( J 111. Working-to-rule strike" p/ y7 Z& F7 c- V: ^4 H
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
: a% n0 W' C7 I$ N; o; l6 J. @ 113. Strike by resignation
4 S1 ^: S% U0 h7 f+ o; ? 114. Limited strike
* `. w& d* B8 @6 o* h- ]6 q 115. Selective strike3 K! m% r' l0 ]- }- N8 X% d
9 b4 K. I& y$ H' N. d4 _
Multi-Industry Strikes5 w6 D3 e* K, o/ I" A8 S, C; \1 y' A
3 C( A( c5 U$ G- ?
116. Generalized strike
8 @/ W2 U. q' V; b7 u- f! x2 h% {& L
* W9 R/ T, ?; r/ p4 W% V) ?+ H2 E 117. General strike! Y" f! j+ `% `) }; w6 Y
4 h; h+ h. X+ Y$ k! R5 \! _Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures6 S4 {, K3 q: ~( |) g' S
9 M! G$ J* U" u 118. Hartal
' @ k! D; z* L' t
/ W# W! v; ?/ x1 e9 C7 H 119. Economic shutdown
2 I& t. j' o; K, o8 F
4 J3 \8 ~% C* } c
3 z% f5 K) w3 I* N+ f: y
2 P1 `8 ]: g7 \. g' \1 ~0 KTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 F0 d# n2 ?6 L5 B k: ^
* Y' F( u J" H7 Q
0 q# U; y$ P4 x, y' c0 V3 rRejection of Authority. e& g) I6 F& g
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
' \& G& i/ I; Q: C 121. Refusal of public support; B4 J/ L3 B+ v* e
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! z1 n$ f1 F. N5 N
; i+ ~2 A- f7 N1 g: rCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
' j) D; t1 ~: C V( _, y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies' _$ @ P+ @% V& ~* P4 y6 g
124. Boycott of elections) G' J! T+ N4 ^0 c
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
. i. f& { T+ n. N: Q$ z, c2 _. M 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 h0 m* ]3 Z3 b
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions8 z6 N0 E6 q- N6 D2 R/ u: }
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
' ?3 u0 d, Q# Y- b 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 h6 z6 I$ i! q1 Z% [5 a. p' { 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks5 ~/ z' V% m; y# N
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
0 w1 j2 y- u" V+ u6 P' q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
/ R Y% E l2 V. k
6 n! D8 I! d9 H$ m0 w. mCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 O2 G- o* i Z; Y* ^) W 133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 ^7 y4 [4 C* p8 o+ ?( [
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision5 g7 z. K* S$ g! ~6 C
135. Popular nonobedience
0 ?) o( A+ x9 t1 U9 L* w 136. Disguised disobedience
0 ?3 ?9 G6 L( R+ R, H* r7 }$ y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse( T& ?) E5 H( q/ u& Q
138. Sitdown( A1 y$ U& A: H; A& @0 P
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation- a1 T$ L; N( Z& u* g( o' N
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: p: X0 E+ Z' Y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
p [+ k2 T) y5 b
" L/ h4 f* i% x% W4 B; YAction by Government Personnel
4 b+ K* m1 }5 Z' X M$ p 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( @# r; j# I+ H( k P 143. Blocking of lines of command and information9 Q5 B3 x3 v+ Q+ M
144. Stalling and obstruction' y, K- b8 r/ d: S7 |% e+ p3 l2 ], m
145. General administrative noncooperation
; C# `, |# B! @3 [
: w7 J9 L/ ?% M; F! ` 146. Judicial noncooperation
1 K: \4 |! k+ t7 W K 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents9 R; s# o+ |" R& }5 X9 T; I
148. Mutiny2 A5 X% ]+ s4 [4 {' \& o/ z& h
Domestic Governmental Action4 N( p1 S, i$ z+ L' y H7 R% z
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
' L& g+ i- R2 d+ _5 X 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units3 P: A! x# {( g4 @% `6 o
3 G, l" r0 K7 L( B
International Governmental Action: q* ]) O1 I. {
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, {' r5 M P" M6 y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events( @; K8 U; Q+ e) G
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition- K3 d8 N( C. ~# X# M
154. Severance of diplomatic relations4 W; K ~( b7 B' f9 X
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
$ j4 m1 E! H8 _% X. S S0 P 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- r" a0 D5 g: G3 a) i2 x. w4 K 157. Expulsion from international organizations9 q) w" ?8 w7 h+ N7 g" t* \
4 y* s, O. r. h5 E& x( X; A
5 C7 ^. w' I& S% { N# i' N( Z- X. K
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 Y9 w6 Z# F9 z8 h5 n& ~; ~
/ T& \/ a1 L+ g8 {; \9 s
# }1 N4 ?" ]6 ^ l6 T
Psychological Intervention
$ r+ P) I; K& X! ^: C 158. Self-exposure to the elements' K6 V( U7 u$ t& w7 e k
159. The fast
$ d9 l7 \/ R( k: U" r) X" S a) Fast of moral pressure2 k' Q8 B" F. _. w- m
b) Hunger strike
$ @9 e! y- I8 O- {7 |0 W4 i c) Satyagrahic fast' q$ B* Z( l; e. F1 P t
160. Reverse trial" X$ L+ G9 {1 d9 z0 J% y
161. Nonviolent harassment9 u7 [! j2 C7 t5 K. w/ ?3 `3 y+ D5 B
/ I' e, h; c) @/ `5 h/ z, DPhysical Intervention
R$ M5 {4 g5 Q+ Z, M: e, P2 E 162. Sit-in, \2 y1 |. y: Y$ t- y
163. Stand-in
3 i% l5 f9 }; ~+ i* z, x 164. Ride-in
J# K8 v5 e5 n5 J6 o 165. Wade-in
5 G$ _/ Q9 u% O$ H; U4 E7 {/ o 166. Mill-in1 P2 K7 ?' ^1 [; i
167. Pray-in* g0 g c% g; \9 G7 S" A" S
168. Nonviolent raids# M' U# P% {& `
169. Nonviolent air raids
0 g- H/ W5 P7 y6 A% x6 u0 _7 b 170. Nonviolent invasion. P( f, `$ X6 r5 t/ S- E( v
171. Nonviolent interjection
2 C' c: b& m, c8 c0 a5 a2 S2 g 172. Nonviolent obstruction( p5 k' {1 k/ j' R
173. Nonviolent occupation
. B" r7 Q* s2 `1 j. _
5 e) j& _9 g3 o4 o9 X- r7 A5 kSocial Intervention+ o1 s- r Q/ o
174. Establishing new social patterns9 f' }- C$ {5 m( d1 U
175. Overloading of facilities+ j: p" a$ R9 W. i3 ^
176. Stall-in2 J7 [" H/ K, x8 j
177. Speak-in1 w+ f) K# Z& c. W3 q
178. Guerrilla theater1 i7 [2 v0 `# Q& L7 U' J
179. Alternative social institutions
, `, [* D- a$ U& w( k6 F 180. Alternative communication system
0 q! ?* L5 S: G5 ?2 n1 A5 T
$ a. Y& L& ^3 s: z* yEconomic Intervention
1 W" q+ B, Y) r( z; g1 E7 ]' j) ?& @ m 181. Reverse strike
: z( p$ d: _9 p/ i' } 182. Stay-in strike! _$ I+ l' C! x
183. Nonviolent land seizure2 V1 M6 M5 T1 i- I
184. Defiance of blockades) z2 _9 f- N& E6 A' _- x9 Q" k- {
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting' \" z7 P' v$ J0 X
186. Preclusive purchasing
; ]9 Y. V/ U5 y 187. Seizure of assets6 {3 |& Q# m5 g N1 v( d" M) k
188. Dumping0 e" b; T8 K6 L' P% L
189. Selective patronage! Y/ ~4 O- j9 s/ ~3 {
190. Alternative markets
2 x4 @! \5 [: r! k' ?- } 191. Alternative transportation systems* J/ j9 f( R) f" i9 v* {
192. Alternative economic institutions! p7 y. `, a! p7 x- s4 e. y6 T
4 v0 x' I/ f3 @, H5 GPolitical Intervention
, }: ~, Y* F( O# ` 193. Overloading of administrative systems
) K4 I( J" Y& H% ]! K& f 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, n& h1 J# ^" Z6 j& d 195. Seeking imprisonment
9 [/ }$ j, h5 u- R: [( E/ ? 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws. ^2 T/ j4 H# e1 W6 O
197. Work-on without collaboration
; @ J- ]7 b7 g7 H/ [5 ~ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
; |3 w# ^- Z( _- @: Y1 A1 M6 _, c' s2 W- G6 D) M
|
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
