 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 A9 G: }6 k% C0 z" A
Formal Statements+ v m4 `- R4 \% o& j4 J1 ~
1. Public Speeches* z9 @3 k& D4 y' s
2. Letters of opposition or support' Z0 P/ W1 {5 z
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# W/ @* ?* c, [/ R 4. Signed public statements. T; u) A( q' N7 x, _( ~1 x- D% u
5. Declarations of indictment and intention: N4 D* G+ B0 E- e4 M% E6 V; [1 X
6. Group or mass petitions
- Z' A5 O) c: U4 h3 d* Q
, k! _! {- t8 [3 l' ], TCommunications with a Wider Audience9 [- f D+ h- ?( L/ T5 A9 \5 E
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
, s3 i9 B* m3 j( r 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' g3 ~: S; t% w" I' ~/ X3 i
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books! _( [- X% p! q+ U9 n
10. Newspapers and journals9 s/ s+ n C/ _ V7 S
11. Records, radio, and television
. W$ g: T5 b) n* v2 T$ { 12. Skywriting and earthwriting' w+ n: k3 _, v; p) M9 y$ y! p
, j* t" u. f% S5 t2 sGroup Representations
; V$ y( [3 Q9 V* m; v5 M 13. Deputations( F; c3 M% n! {/ _% a0 h0 u% u$ s
14. Mock awards
2 S% @ }7 }; V' i 15. Group lobbying
9 u O3 c' p9 u+ z+ S$ V) H 16. Picketing
0 p; M6 a/ D0 z7 Y/ @# _8 r9 x 17. Mock elections
0 |1 s9 t! s1 z5 |# |3 B
) _! B: T& R9 [8 O1 aSymbolic Public Acts' ?. O" E0 `+ c" u" q$ c1 i
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
# T3 M" ^6 w% _& t 19. Wearing of symbols
2 i p+ \' K9 c" b 20. Prayer and worship+ @' v# f. g" J
21. Delivering symbolic objects
* e _, V# t: G7 b- O: D1 k 22. Protest disrobings
' T J; S( ]' g v 23. Destruction of own property. Y$ n3 M: U. O6 ]9 A* v) c
24. Symbolic lights
1 ?5 x j% }9 x+ m3 K( }* | 25. Displays of portraits
7 |) H' N5 ~5 ]% L! n3 t# z 26. Paint as protest/ r/ r/ f4 I9 z) w: T2 {! B
27. New signs and names
3 c$ b+ \0 |$ O6 ?2 h7 r i5 ^ 28. Symbolic sounds! ~' T$ z9 t8 R$ }
29. Symbolic reclamations
# H( s& ~6 A5 m. i8 O 30. Rude gestures8 K* q8 E4 G# C
) X9 u5 {1 S0 Y
Pressures on Individuals
; `4 _' t: l( @$ C# N- c9 z9 [" [ 31. “Haunting” officials. j, t7 R9 p, C
32. Taunting officials
, i, q1 P3 A1 Z/ Y2 o8 k$ C 33. Fraternization
1 z, e, I* v( A6 e8 j1 q& y# } 34. Vigils
. i6 S+ s. r9 }
2 V, p$ K0 m3 E% uDrama and Music7 F- \. \2 s- F" I4 Q5 J2 J
35. Humorous skits and pranks
: T4 u) [7 K. X, [ 36. Performances of plays and music
. l5 _ e- g) v. B1 P 37. Singing
# g% u; E& d: w- D x
9 ]# y5 F C7 R' e/ X5 gProcessions3 E7 N( v' s& i
38. Marches
* M# G" u" L7 `! |/ A 39. Parades
- M9 N, E) J# V; D1 e( E8 _$ Y! @ 40. Religious processions! r6 i1 d3 h0 }4 g Z1 O" a! ]
41. Pilgrimages( M/ w$ Y) G" ?6 N
42. Motorcades
) K6 ~* ?) h2 Q# T$ p2 V6 l
! K( v6 E+ y8 D5 {Honoring the Dead
) ]. R5 o, `7 |, z& [8 I4 ~ 43. Political mourning) @3 P X5 }) M/ d' P% J
44. Mock funerals) Q1 t3 c5 Q3 V+ b3 k
45. Demonstrative funerals
3 A% h0 ? L9 u$ U) r 46. Homage at burial places3 I4 X: Q: k2 u3 q+ @9 E
& N8 o8 d5 {0 B! G
Public Assemblies
# P2 o5 M7 Z! w& E( g3 ^' j 47. Assemblies of protest or support
3 b, a+ D8 B, n 48. Protest meetings/ e/ S5 } s3 _5 {% _
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest" v; a( l4 }1 ~0 }2 A
50. Teach-ins
" Z& I9 B' I# r" Z& m6 G( L7 d3 b6 e
Withdrawal and Renunciation
4 V( H1 C; e d, S1 p2 v2 Y 51. Walk-outs* r: O! v5 |! _9 G0 v% S
52. Silence; A" i& V$ f2 A1 Y9 _& l) E9 j6 i1 Y
53. Renouncing honors) X5 V7 k7 b" Q% s& L0 b, I; U) R& d7 p( W
54. Turning one’s back) v: W u% b4 T7 c, [7 p$ Z
+ @ H) z: p/ Y. f8 r / i* u( L1 n4 T+ J2 s P |
) h! t) a+ ^- X8 q" GTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 m" X+ [2 c# K) ?6 D) k4 G7 ^ ( W5 o0 R/ u. O9 \% H, B9 X
5 }( Z- s* h) A8 O3 S1 b/ I8 Q
Ostracism of Persons5 `) M+ T! e: v3 s" O
55. Social boycott
]3 F. P% A) R3 N8 { 56. Selective social boycott4 ]( K& c& E7 H
57. Lysistratic nonaction
" k" j, ]9 f t( t% i$ ~, } 58. Excommunication8 f7 j: ^' N: {+ ?' C2 V
59. Interdict
# s. q& {& D1 ~8 E, A# |
% [( T+ N" b/ v1 C/ V& @) U9 hNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" I6 c0 }6 v9 l* J
60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ C! n$ W9 d0 O; t
61. Boycott of social affairs
3 p; o* {# e" o" Z+ R 62. Student strike! g- i; a- a5 c" e/ S: d1 X
63. Social disobedience
8 I5 m" y% N% C) E) W4 U% m+ v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) A, {: @5 }8 q! l1 R) m7 f/ G7 j. J7 E9 l; F
Withdrawal from the Social System5 ~* ?+ V0 g6 M3 m
65. Stay-at-home
6 h c, {/ t" o5 w) d 66. Total personal noncooperation6 T* ~: {, _: z
67. “Flight” of workers
~# ]% R# L$ z7 Z3 B: ~5 c 68. Sanctuary- y6 a2 M1 k; @! m, f
69. Collective disappearance
& Q9 x% x% ?8 k 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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: {3 ?' a }. }
# p2 X( A, }; u) \- Q5 B, z5 J# Y4 F% L7 R6 @8 h. m: w
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS# j" l0 P$ O# w2 Y' x; H b* B
# K: c" i+ }1 ^! s. r8 S. z
6 L3 { x7 m( g7 f9 }' P# R% tActions by Consumers% d* n0 w% M, P. q6 W. I9 A9 W: Z
71. Consumers’ boycott! i7 Q5 n. V/ t/ N* u0 T; H
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods/ J0 f; p+ I4 }) N- M& q
73. Policy of austerity/ o, W3 K+ [8 Z
74. Rent withholding
" k0 o; U" B3 n+ B5 W0 \ P 75. Refusal to rent
: q$ y1 ~3 p- H1 p 76. National consumers’ boycott
1 @: c) c/ n. C" v7 L 77. International consumers’ boycott
1 V0 W# ]. z! w- y" S) D! _: Y9 h
Action by Workers and Producers9 r$ [: \' {. v9 r
78. Workmen’s boycott' ^' R: A% I5 a& q- u6 ^0 n
79. Producers’ boycott
5 |5 u- G& A; `' F) I/ T, @1 l6 t2 n$ g% K# S$ [; x. C
Action by Middlemen
9 [2 l: f- ~5 G; v- g9 X- ^4 z' U 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott$ s* u2 M. N( V& h1 a( @
1 o/ f. q2 x2 E5 j0 N( }Action by Owners and Management6 ~/ Y+ l3 D# x |/ r1 _# U- d l4 F' f
81. Traders’ boycott
0 ^3 I, W5 {+ P4 p# J 82. Refusal to let or sell property& i' Q+ ]# N* v; U
83. Lockout3 N+ Q+ C1 X( g0 y& A2 [
84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 A& x8 Z* {1 c+ s8 @1 P; w+ ?2 w) |7 y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
+ f6 W- J- K: E' v# ?8 O+ x, q$ ~, c7 S, f' D
Action by Holders of Financial Resources$ @9 G" q, W. Q
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits# \$ L8 P6 c3 S: Q+ c
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" J( {5 O# A8 ~, Z# b
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest2 s; \' G: f) s7 X
89. Severance of funds and credit
2 K4 k+ b2 I" [. y/ Q5 W9 m3 p 90. Revenue refusal' c# u' X, S( W. u
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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( v7 z- e! N3 ?+ o# wAction by Governments/ D1 b ]7 I/ j9 |5 M
92. Domestic embargo2 K7 f; r$ J( {0 Q- w
93. Blacklisting of traders& u3 D5 ^! c% Q$ ]2 m" ^
94. International sellers’ embargo4 W/ A z4 H8 g1 ]" Y
95. International buyers’ embargo
$ q; f" d7 s4 [5 g0 ~$ g& m' x* z 96. International trade embargo$ A" K8 W4 b+ Y3 J6 H
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$ T; j) g/ f( x$ Y4 j7 ETHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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: L2 y2 Q; |8 v + P; P' I M% `
Symbolic Strikes8 D k, ~: g4 L1 ^0 x: i: f
97. Protest strike& q! L' P. H, W
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 I/ W5 V3 K) u; Y1 n5 p3 q. _
+ {$ ^, Q# ~% Y" N' K& a! M: N1 @Agricultural Strikes
3 h: f# F; }3 y1 y3 z 99. Peasant strike+ k6 b: F- R+ W v& B7 a
100. Farm Workers’ strike2 e; q: }$ i" r. x% E+ z
r2 v, O; n* A4 X+ J8 C" v7 [! |- P
Strikes by Special Groups; ?0 u/ K; Y1 C1 c
101. Refusal of impressed labor Z/ ?2 ^ V4 m! S
102. Prisoners’ strike
; R+ y2 g H" t+ H1 K 103. Craft strike
- H3 Z8 {$ B+ \% W! v" G 104. Professional strike* d0 R9 Y) h* M/ y5 {! Q
" S! ]+ r" a6 r5 A( V
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
- p0 A9 Q! j" I 105. Establishment strike9 o7 T: d% `- W7 w
106. Industry strike% d7 ~" S: |9 L) |: |
107. Sympathetic strike: I% X# k2 k) ^) H+ G
1 N9 y, U# H2 t6 v% K) b% F( U
Restricted Strikes
' `- Z" W' M* A+ \/ ^ 108. Detailed strike
F/ i4 t9 H0 `( g+ K. m) @ 109. Bumper strike
9 ?' n J* G6 V 110. Slowdown strike
4 Q6 s) G2 P% m. e5 ~/ |' }" S 111. Working-to-rule strike5 I0 ~$ i) e' d' H' E8 ^
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)) U. F* O M3 r) {, L' Y' l _9 _/ g
113. Strike by resignation {9 K4 K* {' b* s) g7 C# L! [$ _
114. Limited strike
& h+ r: ~" y: V( ? 115. Selective strike# }# I% E3 D7 C9 _4 K$ N7 M& s
7 P& h9 `3 V1 J+ M+ P4 SMulti-Industry Strikes
8 _9 v; x8 l4 m* @1 ~' S- F. y' b0 A8 G; M7 \4 K$ r
116. Generalized strike! |' R) X1 y5 x" U) u' d
: n+ [" M! M: ]; y0 H; _$ e
117. General strike
. w5 B& ~1 u/ @' M- `
: r8 h: x; f; a9 V5 F7 zCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, W4 U- l8 V u; z) ?1 X
+ z/ v4 g3 N8 r 118. Hartal) g0 u% m% w* x: `. f( v5 z% z
) e! V4 C0 }% V) X/ X6 t 119. Economic shutdown' k2 w1 o! Y2 H5 F; ]
6 I9 x( |& Z- v. e" |
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9 c, Z# L- r) F( ?9 O, j2 mTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION5 g% Y2 d: a! z1 S
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Rejection of Authority
5 V. s* M! i' |, I 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance- Z4 K% L- y. {1 C
121. Refusal of public support6 U0 J9 a: Q' w
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
. l7 p, ^' m8 ?, M, h2 ]/ D+ r- ]1 d% G* M
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ X# m8 O7 m. Q" w% R
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% q4 W) j9 k( s" U 124. Boycott of elections
* x; S5 n5 F* y) D' F 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
" I0 Q7 J" g; D) F* U; f4 W' k7 D 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" j- q4 F3 ^- V9 s- U' W, L
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions+ s" ]4 j& J4 e) L6 ]9 w1 q
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
; d. |3 ?6 U9 O+ |2 Q( ?* q ]$ N 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
: C3 F5 j; M0 W' r# o! n 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, ?7 c* z5 p, t5 w3 ?5 D 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 S0 g/ n* U' s" G, [$ D2 t# Q( N+ Q
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
6 S% u! C4 t: t: Z$ h" s* p( U$ Y6 w7 U' y" `# K0 I
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience7 `+ m4 J3 ?9 d5 A& `5 U5 u) x9 T
133. Reluctant and slow compliance: F( q. e* A# }/ A1 D$ p% ?
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
. r& y: Z9 ?1 c0 F 135. Popular nonobedience3 B) D$ c8 m u: F! s. e
136. Disguised disobedience
# @$ M* l1 ]8 Y 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 ?- Q" W. i" N; X. a% Q 138. Sitdown
$ T' y1 y# Y* ? 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 G9 {" G+ I9 a. t! [, w( s 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities0 l5 X7 N* o& a! a2 Y
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws& v7 H2 l! N1 \* k5 p
1 {2 o2 \2 C* w8 @, QAction by Government Personnel
R, u+ j- ?! }' V9 }: q/ \$ M 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
5 |; k- H! T' ]' h6 _; m' T 143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 R# n0 f8 b) w; r( H
144. Stalling and obstruction$ z& U) J8 [+ g4 X! g/ V1 n
145. General administrative noncooperation
( R- h! Q1 Y5 x0 b8 ~9 i. A1 k1 T# O1 \8 X) A! n; F, L% S
146. Judicial noncooperation5 Y1 S a% v A
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# a2 F! U. G4 |4 e$ D' s2 [5 j
148. Mutiny: |" g2 ]1 n7 J( E# y
Domestic Governmental Action
/ c- H9 V( v+ P4 W 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
( U. M# \' d9 s' ~- I3 V 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
p0 p9 a% o$ U) N4 m1 P4 q
0 [( f% d4 z' E2 k# V2 C* o- |International Governmental Action
* V3 v7 m9 K( Y0 h% S: m0 G 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations1 d; L1 B& f, V, ^* S% l5 p
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
8 g. Y6 B; b1 D; m( n2 X 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 J, C4 s" l9 [8 F
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
7 E; z6 l4 i5 x" H 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( q' @# E5 T: U5 A i 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 @! W/ h" ` k+ ]1 Q3 s/ G 157. Expulsion from international organizations; ]8 S2 X/ [" \9 q* \0 {
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1 t0 ]6 o( o3 M, Y5 ]- o ^+ {7 B7 k9 H5 f5 g( R; E
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
8 h2 f% F# o4 Q' g9 Q6 u- t: W9 o$ M9 L3 B
& b) ]1 y2 O1 y; w- }
Psychological Intervention
! @: w; {. Z" E! {) L0 r5 _( W 158. Self-exposure to the elements$ M Z$ S y' @
159. The fast
2 n! }. ^2 B3 R( Y% W6 ?4 ~$ D a) Fast of moral pressure. D. d1 L( Y) i" S
b) Hunger strike! F' [, j4 s/ p/ J
c) Satyagrahic fast
' K6 n2 `$ v8 @2 Q8 @- y& A 160. Reverse trial
6 W% X/ Q9 x# V0 H( s3 X5 q 161. Nonviolent harassment
6 C$ z5 z- C4 k
# E6 @9 K- Q9 o# m$ F8 {% rPhysical Intervention3 H b5 Z( G, g' b
162. Sit-in
* P/ l& i# l a: d* j 163. Stand-in3 a& ?+ q9 n2 T9 }/ Z6 Z* c# U
164. Ride-in! n2 j+ | w0 \. w6 U, g
165. Wade-in
g9 r5 x% G& \7 z4 w! |* b 166. Mill-in
9 D, _. o/ B6 `' j1 ? 167. Pray-in8 k7 x. q) s( U2 U. x
168. Nonviolent raids0 L; |" |7 W% G+ x& Y+ E6 W8 e
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ i& Q- }7 r. C" j2 V 170. Nonviolent invasion; j* r5 ]" m) X' P5 u4 A: y5 J
171. Nonviolent interjection
8 o9 l6 E) z7 o# i& f2 Q0 v 172. Nonviolent obstruction
- q: P, R- T0 G O: n 173. Nonviolent occupation; R6 i k* E5 I" H4 F# q& q
2 O1 F# @9 S* t
Social Intervention2 z0 v7 S. Q2 G
174. Establishing new social patterns4 ], w8 r) w( Y" g5 o4 `+ W% Z, R! ?$ p
175. Overloading of facilities/ c4 L+ H5 m5 p5 o8 t1 o' s T
176. Stall-in- q0 D( _! J+ |$ x
177. Speak-in& W5 v6 p, n$ H, B$ V8 y4 K
178. Guerrilla theater
- g! w. q2 y# }4 q" w 179. Alternative social institutions# S) ^9 Q. L( S, H
180. Alternative communication system D9 j4 q+ f" l2 u9 Q6 W. P+ C# d/ {
) O# i/ W- g8 |Economic Intervention9 D0 \1 y! x8 n4 l( h
181. Reverse strike
* N' I/ s4 x# B9 T$ Q 182. Stay-in strike5 j/ u7 y: A) ?) W2 z+ x2 n
183. Nonviolent land seizure+ f% m1 V o" I& V1 @8 P. y2 `
184. Defiance of blockades
K' |6 u2 _, `" O$ j 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting3 C9 a& R7 `6 g: q6 C/ n U5 N9 R: q
186. Preclusive purchasing$ |* W9 d) u Y5 `8 a
187. Seizure of assets: Z$ G6 H* j; I2 T$ }/ X1 o& P
188. Dumping
( g4 C+ Z3 {: V6 p3 D$ x 189. Selective patronage
( Y6 T: `% l4 z 190. Alternative markets) F4 }, h% n/ W8 V& D
191. Alternative transportation systems
* K' @# e) _$ Z 192. Alternative economic institutions
r! q5 \" D4 W/ a
# c8 j8 v m# _1 i% ~Political Intervention
0 b( M9 f& o( U2 x+ y 193. Overloading of administrative systems
, J" R) q B5 z0 j- w3 G- l 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
" V. z$ i2 Y% X/ B' t 195. Seeking imprisonment$ ?7 L( c7 ]* L
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
# A: j3 |& {# X s5 I2 m% `, R( ~ 197. Work-on without collaboration
5 O4 @0 f' @4 l" M7 W3 I) K 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
