 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION, @$ X3 J- e- w9 F/ g/ l
Formal Statements
1 h3 {, e) j7 w+ m6 F 1. Public Speeches
- M! G+ w; r7 Q& m6 n 2. Letters of opposition or support
5 ?0 U, n$ d1 L 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions' q1 \% ~: Y; a, E* _2 T
4. Signed public statements
/ a8 w4 C5 X; U: ^ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ j6 F! r/ v9 B; ^( J6 r: M0 x5 \ 6. Group or mass petitions( c1 U3 a4 w" Z- A- F$ w. A# s2 {; u
' Y! Z1 C, {4 H2 n% A
Communications with a Wider Audience
8 l3 ^# Y n3 n6 i 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols2 k) o- c h! x. ?3 c: G
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications4 z# L; @; w; `: O7 v2 _0 Q
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
, L' y* R- g' N1 { 10. Newspapers and journals
: V M0 e4 b y2 m& ` K4 m2 h 11. Records, radio, and television
; H, f0 E5 J6 r0 \( B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
9 [8 D5 Z- m2 X; I- }9 n" [4 T" m3 W: a; |- u5 X) j/ U/ f
Group Representations
6 `& {- s |& r- X: F 13. Deputations- j* C$ H- f. b7 s! [
14. Mock awards& ]/ V6 a; t! x1 c* ^
15. Group lobbying# W2 D2 O! u! v! N
16. Picketing
& L' |$ d4 e0 x8 E, r7 { 17. Mock elections
, A$ X8 I/ j R! T* _' x/ {1 s G8 `2 G
Symbolic Public Acts+ K N/ L/ j7 }/ M
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
% v0 m! h' W, _) F5 c* A. o' t1 ` 19. Wearing of symbols1 g# v; d4 G4 t: A1 ]" F5 Q
20. Prayer and worship
: f1 z7 h' G) x" m9 U) z 21. Delivering symbolic objects
: x9 d# b4 \! _) a. U6 h8 \2 d, K9 V 22. Protest disrobings. a6 m7 W4 s$ i% K/ S3 L2 [
23. Destruction of own property+ Y) {5 T# H- x5 V, s
24. Symbolic lights/ z! s; K9 i, @- e4 W
25. Displays of portraits
4 Q5 \; e" x* E- F0 [3 X& o6 J 26. Paint as protest
5 X" y; v# G9 u 27. New signs and names N% }/ A& e# u
28. Symbolic sounds
% W9 h) |- m7 i6 F4 `6 b: I& z 29. Symbolic reclamations
8 J/ x1 [/ N! @' E3 k/ E 30. Rude gestures
[& e' F7 p* R" l4 D& u3 m. B, ^
Pressures on Individuals
3 W2 w3 i# ~: P 31. “Haunting” officials
' L0 l" I8 }# m, Y0 p, M) Z y 32. Taunting officials
/ n6 ]) o7 w3 E6 R0 Y" u! l 33. Fraternization: i1 ` E+ `) Q8 [/ d
34. Vigils
8 [) r: V. s* v) l3 O5 a
$ E0 o) @$ b. m" Y0 z. iDrama and Music
! ^+ K5 Z, f. f: `! W" y 35. Humorous skits and pranks5 |" z% k3 `4 X, E4 h0 O
36. Performances of plays and music
1 q: i# u& E" Z+ z! t) v3 G% Z 37. Singing
8 F1 W: E& g% Y2 j' L+ l& j9 n: Y5 c+ v" M/ y+ {4 \
Processions4 ?) p% i: s/ F/ s
38. Marches
8 b1 l8 \5 A$ S0 x 39. Parades
+ e! b' x8 A6 H' b 40. Religious processions
8 p/ l8 j1 a# M 41. Pilgrimages
1 v0 {0 n. }: E! p# v; X 42. Motorcades' ?! }! h7 J% s
( n) ]# M) G SHonoring the Dead
: P& _& h3 L& {. H/ ^ 43. Political mourning
9 ^ o% x5 v/ r5 c$ t) C$ O% R 44. Mock funerals$ |2 T8 ]6 j: b' W( Q0 G0 F
45. Demonstrative funerals
3 j# {* u1 ~' P6 b6 G 46. Homage at burial places
. v8 V& d% i5 L5 s
6 p* s/ s4 h' I3 S4 XPublic Assemblies
4 A5 ] x: H2 q' H, k7 X 47. Assemblies of protest or support
+ D( N D4 [3 `! Q& r 48. Protest meetings
[2 y+ [8 t# q4 |: s% h6 B 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" ] Y5 C x8 y0 `- K9 F 50. Teach-ins
2 c7 @3 P+ @4 ]/ ?) y( N* O( ]( ]; ~4 V3 C
Withdrawal and Renunciation
] J4 J, O6 B# J! |) T 51. Walk-outs
6 p' |5 ]9 W! n3 |5 N- D( V& V 52. Silence
8 N: z; D- ^- C! M& L 53. Renouncing honors* h3 E$ J5 x0 m: c' Z
54. Turning one’s back- R* ^) |! M; F- z3 p6 `
9 u& M5 r# H- v# n0 N- C
+ p2 E, q q- F8 i$ h+ [2 y, Z [& K: t
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' G6 L& S4 w. b# F# ^# X1 X# E1 m
3 ?; A" ` r- }4 e
C c v) S* v8 i. `5 |
$ a" U7 Q3 [9 E8 x: N wOstracism of Persons: w2 C0 x; e+ R& V
55. Social boycott
2 `% c- h4 S$ c9 |. ?% J 56. Selective social boycott1 z- S% }! e* Z6 h$ q
57. Lysistratic nonaction! T2 L, ]& l$ w1 v! ~: I, Y7 @) ^
58. Excommunication
% `9 x# c& Q$ D4 m$ i; R 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. l1 q1 `: Q5 O8 p
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
* b2 I u, K9 q1 u" \ 61. Boycott of social affairs7 s, L4 p& Y$ ?3 i
62. Student strike
( e+ V2 a' r% L( h, s5 `. d 63. Social disobedience
0 [( B3 H8 Z' s2 A: l 64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 J5 N) d5 @0 l: i+ p' V
( ?" h- N5 r8 F. uWithdrawal from the Social System
& `7 Y( t6 p& y4 M b2 H/ n$ L 65. Stay-at-home
* R7 I* l) g8 X& i' X 66. Total personal noncooperation
7 |) L3 q. R0 |4 H2 Z2 Y+ G. h 67. “Flight” of workers7 U5 |3 S5 d; e2 w
68. Sanctuary
( V3 O0 C$ q1 Y 69. Collective disappearance
$ f# Y3 Z0 B, \4 V! d2 v- ` 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
& s8 b7 o1 @+ g! J1 C L* ?1 C* O# I; h! ~& i/ G, A$ c' I
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& |1 G8 |' H8 J x+ p) @4 nTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
5 _+ i: K8 ?& S# F7 o1 Z! V( l; C
* |. P" m) v. L$ k" u) H8 n
7 k# z6 b+ ?0 z* j: vActions by Consumers3 d1 n2 l' M$ i* l0 l6 }
71. Consumers’ boycott
7 C+ i+ E8 |( _% X 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 E: E$ F/ h/ ^% C% N 73. Policy of austerity5 C3 c/ ^3 N& q9 g5 D
74. Rent withholding
; e) k, d/ o0 Q' ? L* z/ F* Y8 f 75. Refusal to rent2 s3 c$ S. Y6 F
76. National consumers’ boycott i5 y' b% d; U3 x x! k
77. International consumers’ boycott& o6 `3 a, y4 \: H' T3 d
$ v6 {- _' ?. ?5 ] { ?
Action by Workers and Producers/ L1 X5 p, X r( j, d9 P6 d/ a% n
78. Workmen’s boycott
! i5 s8 S7 V8 _/ [" [9 ^ 79. Producers’ boycott
. R- c4 w$ y1 t# a
1 O) Q6 {' m* ?' fAction by Middlemen0 W- M' [5 k/ a4 P+ C
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
# g1 o% Q+ g: W0 O ?, [- s3 D( A
5 F, O& g3 O) M* M+ lAction by Owners and Management
$ I* c g& M; P- @ 81. Traders’ boycott
7 e. P# Q" w& _- b 82. Refusal to let or sell property
. o! x3 F" }( Z/ Y& E! K- ?% _ 83. Lockout3 @" { N8 J1 m$ Y l2 W
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' b! s# V2 {) n 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
* D2 d1 A! F1 x6 L" _
& @8 s, v6 U) _& a2 a j: p/ MAction by Holders of Financial Resources) y3 e; o5 T7 ~5 ^: z
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
/ G+ @: w# Q; l3 K 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments6 C7 H0 V# u6 V5 o
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 L7 g) k0 f2 |6 b4 r2 r% W9 f
89. Severance of funds and credit
/ M9 D6 F3 k& H7 b' d" N 90. Revenue refusal( Q% M$ u0 V0 C- W
91. Refusal of a government’s money, K0 c! B$ y# J
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Action by Governments
+ w4 F5 O( g+ D* w+ A 92. Domestic embargo
" z+ l( n9 W% i: d5 r; S& J1 U 93. Blacklisting of traders" ~# Y" U9 \; V8 y. Y+ h0 _
94. International sellers’ embargo$ ~. j9 s% V( R5 s
95. International buyers’ embargo
3 F. Y' ~, j; Z+ {' V 96. International trade embargo
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2 W9 Y: O( l4 D$ L4 g1 O8 ~
) u9 ~" b+ E0 T9 Y
* V" C% b/ L3 I8 wTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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/ B6 v/ G+ m( R& m/ |! F, e
Symbolic Strikes
4 ?6 }1 M$ b" Q. n* A$ @) Q 97. Protest strike/ l f4 o, ], W( c- ?
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)5 z6 T: b/ E1 N5 F) ]% X+ N' h# ~
' z+ X t, c% d: q3 [% jAgricultural Strikes8 o# E/ u) X+ Z9 `' [7 E
99. Peasant strike
$ F/ v6 y/ j1 X 100. Farm Workers’ strike
. Q1 K2 D2 Y1 E( m# ~, h/ c' r
+ H8 V4 K' i3 d6 N: fStrikes by Special Groups5 |. l+ }; l% P- B/ L
101. Refusal of impressed labor
" K: b! p0 Q- f7 ~( u; g& D" @ 102. Prisoners’ strike
; Q: e- n2 c3 I. z. U0 {* u% ~& Z 103. Craft strike5 c3 `- \* Q' ^1 g0 h/ i' S3 S
104. Professional strike4 O8 z/ f# [2 @3 M5 s9 Q
6 ]* `9 C# ]% ^
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
: O$ B9 o6 H6 c) e* Q 105. Establishment strike
4 m! {# U' L( ?# N- B 106. Industry strike
2 }& H" B* s: ^" Z! b 107. Sympathetic strike
9 E" d8 m, n# P4 M+ I+ @* I" B9 U( H2 H! ?% v" t9 w
Restricted Strikes
( J5 v5 r* D& k: g. b) N, j: x 108. Detailed strike! }2 t( `1 q7 N" }- y
109. Bumper strike' I0 P- d' h& ?! \% N
110. Slowdown strike* R, z4 v( z2 @* { _
111. Working-to-rule strike8 O+ _2 n" b* o" R' W
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): ^; q0 p: t6 ~' o* p
113. Strike by resignation7 k7 G6 V6 _+ S# t0 C J
114. Limited strike6 i, Q5 X/ @2 T: ~: M! @& E) N f
115. Selective strike
, a$ A3 |9 V& e* d3 L( M$ q* ]3 N L: C8 @. B4 J2 I' I \3 e
Multi-Industry Strikes4 v7 \. o9 ]7 `5 L- x, w( Z; S8 e
! J& t) u7 h: M3 k( h 116. Generalized strike) Q8 M9 Z! e" V0 R, u$ D
: j8 q- P$ x9 a9 P1 L* \ M! l
117. General strike
* I; A+ a% ~ F( s( I
& k$ {1 [# P# h8 p8 K: ]! D; L4 rCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures' U+ [4 Y6 B4 b4 I' E& f
& B) b. U3 T" A) M$ m5 C! ]* F
118. Hartal
( q) a t- S; C/ t9 }
0 p) J0 |. J/ ` U' c4 ] 119. Economic shutdown
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. t) g4 Y- K F' k
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
! O' r5 Y+ l y Y6 D; o9 r
4 y, s: {/ D4 B( V
/ V4 b& X; Q8 w" a1 p3 SRejection of Authority! N- g D: M" g. `
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance: Z6 u& J- B$ t3 F/ H4 |
121. Refusal of public support
. ]% l( u ^8 ]9 Q2 | 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
" O! H3 I, G; ?+ `0 M9 H% w; d* |# o3 Z. y& ^- n
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
9 ~& N+ l9 R( F$ B \8 s9 @( a) x 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
% X* g* m) |; m+ m* f7 `8 K+ G 124. Boycott of elections* m# w9 q- C' G
125. Boycott of government employment and positions! c2 L! h! J" Z7 @- l# q, x
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# ~0 D( _" N- {5 M2 K) {2 d$ | 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions) P( H9 Q8 u7 L
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations% K: t3 j* Y1 \3 S
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* Z b: {+ m6 D% W 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks; x0 V$ D* w" |9 z$ g3 X# o7 o
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
5 ]7 w' V2 Q* b- P4 H 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions3 p; c2 H" k; V7 a
* Z# @7 v- B) O' F
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; | N9 i2 l5 @- ~& ~+ V0 e 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# b/ w+ u- l$ ` 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 P& G! q% T7 B+ I7 ]8 C" k. } 135. Popular nonobedience
! `6 v5 x* |- k9 L0 P5 E$ | 136. Disguised disobedience
) z/ b8 s8 J7 m' L1 J6 [* c 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
2 g4 ]( {- v5 _& k) i1 S; A 138. Sitdown$ T3 r+ D) G6 U# x6 a
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' Z/ u& q! u0 e" A% i 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities% J8 h3 i- A% \- m
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
0 o3 Z8 D: n3 s ~2 c
; p3 T6 u# s* TAction by Government Personnel+ _# L& |8 }' |# ]6 {- \
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
( p/ X8 H- R: W0 b+ R) V) A1 _& g 143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 i8 G: M$ ^/ ~) P5 v
144. Stalling and obstruction$ w- _& w- y7 S3 J, a7 F9 p o2 Q
145. General administrative noncooperation5 M! D9 X9 h) f( A9 j. l' q
& C. r% `, e/ ^# H; ?( v A% C; o
146. Judicial noncooperation
T+ ]+ G2 P1 M: H2 H/ y3 g 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) W4 H3 l' ?, a9 R8 n* S
148. Mutiny2 b( @8 u% Q1 f1 F
Domestic Governmental Action, o7 s' N7 l5 }) h" t
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
8 O! t$ Y" d/ I. `7 B; V 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ H* O5 N& I/ C. Z* G
9 B8 j; i) S8 x) ~
International Governmental Action
! s5 D3 i7 t. L. f' f3 \$ y* O 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations% X& A1 ^$ u* N, D& i
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events3 S8 U6 r# o2 V; w
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition. G+ ~6 z( H4 y
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& Z* I$ w' B) \! `) ? ~+ f 155. Withdrawal from international organizations1 C+ r/ K9 F+ c7 D8 A' q4 u+ W' @
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
2 Y R* S7 s0 O6 g4 H" ^ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
- s, C1 X- ^$ Y" A
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
: z3 `! d, \$ d- X/ ?
' B5 Y1 R5 y7 i! q ]* S0 Q : D% U9 U, f' e7 ~
Psychological Intervention
; ^, ^+ B1 S' b% {; r 158. Self-exposure to the elements2 \9 R8 F" `. |4 d( r# {1 h
159. The fast
, w g0 z1 K/ K% w+ g3 i a) Fast of moral pressure& m) O/ B! f; O" v! B, P
b) Hunger strike9 F. Z; M( l+ R' u) ?
c) Satyagrahic fast
* i) x. J: D- |8 ]0 ]# e 160. Reverse trial
+ m7 k$ [* ?& [% f) m 161. Nonviolent harassment
# v) F4 k i2 t. m9 s X
$ W" v9 W0 ^" d! }Physical Intervention
5 T" w+ U+ r3 [ 162. Sit-in( v5 {. C5 X7 K# C
163. Stand-in
5 c6 H. B# J4 t! Q) Q 164. Ride-in1 P+ R. v# }) Z- O: q
165. Wade-in) Q& i H( h d7 ~9 x$ h
166. Mill-in; Y, c, \! m( L8 ?3 l, U9 y& B# o
167. Pray-in
/ ~- j1 h" `" s! m; h# T* X 168. Nonviolent raids
2 p1 W9 s: G9 ~. i, E 169. Nonviolent air raids
$ ]5 _( s. c8 L7 S2 G3 Q6 }2 R 170. Nonviolent invasion: B& U0 j1 T5 U0 s8 j1 e
171. Nonviolent interjection1 G, [; W. C6 e1 r
172. Nonviolent obstruction
- U/ s7 m8 c5 O. t7 ~1 X) v- \ 173. Nonviolent occupation
5 g& p9 N( J$ j" {5 d. [! h, x8 R" D$ j5 c
Social Intervention
# t6 V! Q0 h# H7 d5 g 174. Establishing new social patterns
# s6 i8 \" O% Q) R' x) B$ q4 g 175. Overloading of facilities6 B+ d. w/ B/ `# Z
176. Stall-in( T ?8 {! r/ l* s5 ^; _3 E
177. Speak-in( M" @0 ]7 u9 d7 X) T }
178. Guerrilla theater' @, U$ X1 D" V1 p' c+ g# ^( X N! ~
179. Alternative social institutions: E- A# H9 W9 `: Q
180. Alternative communication system
$ S; w f& [% m! d3 M0 I# B% j' k5 M9 ?6 X5 A" n# Z6 X$ [
Economic Intervention
$ X# X8 T- p5 U# @ 181. Reverse strike
& ^" d' A" H. n% |/ @! v 182. Stay-in strike! Q4 o; Z0 T" Q% L5 {7 R4 z
183. Nonviolent land seizure8 w8 Y" g, T5 W
184. Defiance of blockades
; w6 l+ r- ]9 c5 v/ O. k& Y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 q) j" @9 @% m, A! c
186. Preclusive purchasing
8 J+ J* p% q$ _/ L/ X 187. Seizure of assets
6 f7 C% z' X: u9 c 188. Dumping
% ^1 e$ e8 r. ]- y% D 189. Selective patronage
; x% n/ `/ e, G6 {+ u' f$ U 190. Alternative markets4 W1 k4 O; V2 E
191. Alternative transportation systems l4 @8 K2 a( h
192. Alternative economic institutions" |9 M9 w% X2 T0 t
9 |: t, X1 Y" N3 Y0 A3 A8 v( _0 DPolitical Intervention
/ N% K2 ]# \& w c2 z! H 193. Overloading of administrative systems/ K9 \& t6 [' ~' a
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents E8 a2 G2 n3 c& |3 c9 V. c1 N
195. Seeking imprisonment9 ^9 K% f3 \& b; R! y
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 R& Z3 U" B3 I$ b- j# E" F: F
197. Work-on without collaboration9 s3 `; `. U. {. @! J5 c
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) w) f6 v/ E, b9 i6 `- v0 H
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
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