 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
8 E7 @/ [+ [4 j; W$ o: @Formal Statements) Y/ o; \% I |- N: K8 w9 b9 U# t1 ]4 e
1. Public Speeches
1 S: j9 b6 {) @; S" s/ v 2. Letters of opposition or support! F* `: l, b- m- j3 i
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* X) v+ i. T$ D% ]' z$ _: ]* q 4. Signed public statements8 a8 v) f9 l9 q! E+ b4 _
5. Declarations of indictment and intention' i$ E. j+ M% ]" M) \) L# m
6. Group or mass petitions9 G( `# t: ^$ B6 ~: J
5 F# W* q- U2 qCommunications with a Wider Audience
8 k. \; w" l% ~) | 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols, ?( P% l- w8 _6 V
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications+ W% f* @# e% }5 S/ e
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( N; u$ I" Y/ h0 q3 b 10. Newspapers and journals1 j6 t j- K1 {3 s$ _
11. Records, radio, and television
6 U- r4 \2 E' h/ \9 ^0 i% H9 T 12. Skywriting and earthwriting+ I0 z8 e: t0 A% ]
6 m* A! T7 I }# @- J9 X9 T
Group Representations5 g4 V$ }# C7 K( M0 `: Z3 a
13. Deputations8 Y5 r6 J2 ~9 j: _ `8 E+ c
14. Mock awards' a" u$ g1 z$ D8 ? V; y/ j
15. Group lobbying
- i8 Z/ I4 t0 v; p6 q' a 16. Picketing: [/ D! f5 D6 q3 ^7 v- P
17. Mock elections
0 g0 a; y S) L: y9 x( q
* V, g: D6 p& @9 W) o& {Symbolic Public Acts
* Y4 D0 s: E2 j$ @2 A 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
$ V6 L. h) ~) g 19. Wearing of symbols* B0 j% B) D4 ?4 i4 v
20. Prayer and worship
. y* }: i& V7 R. j 21. Delivering symbolic objects
; k* @8 r, j' T2 W 22. Protest disrobings
6 @: T' p) J* i0 ? 23. Destruction of own property
" r" n) z0 ]' o9 [3 a 24. Symbolic lights, }$ B* T& N+ x7 B9 }( j, f9 d8 I
25. Displays of portraits
+ {+ L( K: L! J; }6 c; o: `3 H9 ` 26. Paint as protest
~8 v' N: O! B; {$ U9 j* m" h 27. New signs and names
. Z* u0 z: r; B 28. Symbolic sounds
0 t* \0 F' x0 d4 P7 ]8 Y 29. Symbolic reclamations
/ R% u+ g( x! P# _& C 30. Rude gestures; }: `- D$ G1 q3 }& ~' H% I
3 Q! m# v3 R2 ^, f% a: d9 }
Pressures on Individuals/ [3 Q9 O( W1 E/ w
31. “Haunting” officials |) K5 G; H2 p9 \, [
32. Taunting officials
& B: S) P( @& f 33. Fraternization- ^5 Y, E% a9 k& Y/ F7 b! @
34. Vigils
, Z3 O: c! v: l& I" p B9 q9 A1 E" b; `- B, `( D, s
Drama and Music
$ m* E/ G, Y" V# @5 Q8 ~- U6 m 35. Humorous skits and pranks, r! y0 r/ V' M; p/ ~0 @6 O
36. Performances of plays and music
& z# n- B+ P4 e3 _ 37. Singing) ~ p" \( r6 ~/ E& l0 e- f
0 @: U. h& Z3 c2 e" v2 C, f1 i' L
Processions
( r: h1 g" L6 m 38. Marches
& p' j( E. U! [! u. a* i1 m9 }, f 39. Parades
" S6 B; ]! w+ d7 } 40. Religious processions7 R) o0 S: j! Y9 y4 E
41. Pilgrimages
# f' @0 p6 _# }3 N* ` 42. Motorcades8 r5 M8 ?3 ~5 h4 K/ ^+ c5 R
% f1 R9 F; e& C" @Honoring the Dead
0 w* ]9 m, y% z% O3 ? 43. Political mourning! ?, \( ~" H; a8 t: S! z4 r2 `
44. Mock funerals8 d" r# e9 t' t
45. Demonstrative funerals
& A# v0 G8 H# f 46. Homage at burial places; A$ j$ n, { k" {( u! L
& p+ z: E( w6 Q
Public Assemblies
7 Y; Q W4 X' Y; r* o$ j- ?5 i 47. Assemblies of protest or support
- ~3 p4 C1 V4 n 48. Protest meetings9 z- b1 b' J- _' a W
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 I, E( ]% V" N/ Z 50. Teach-ins: W: U- b; K6 B8 c6 V
$ |; D6 f5 _. m ?Withdrawal and Renunciation/ d* Y3 l# n* c _* [: M5 z. [/ f# ?
51. Walk-outs- K- [+ _$ S3 Q) N s
52. Silence
% P) [5 E u. U# X M$ r$ u2 o 53. Renouncing honors
1 f$ H1 s& J9 q% ?5 }# W2 v 54. Turning one’s back. ?3 z# t* q: i
1 u/ N( u% A/ x
# y5 q- h0 ~8 N" H7 }* `3 c0 E- ^! e8 u
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION' C2 b; X& ?) k; k- Q
8 b% m1 W4 q. P9 P* F
7 |9 Q/ b( i4 z1 q! z9 g( D+ I* P5 }$ n
Ostracism of Persons' I' ]5 t3 V: q. ^. ~
55. Social boycott
* u$ t' j8 ~, J4 M9 `& n 56. Selective social boycott+ P, t: T1 b+ A- k- V9 |& c! i
57. Lysistratic nonaction
6 a. a2 J; r4 X; a 58. Excommunication& E& d$ l- w+ t8 N% `) R: R# B# G
59. Interdict7 ~/ }& `; J0 M& u0 ^
( x u1 S: C0 H/ {7 mNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
0 O# m) H/ U, d3 O! E/ | 60. Suspension of social and sports activities! q a4 a/ r# J
61. Boycott of social affairs
( @; W7 k7 m4 b3 _4 [8 W a# I( W 62. Student strike8 C5 w6 [' X B& H8 x
63. Social disobedience
5 Y/ L: s' V1 L8 y 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
/ B2 l# N! U, R; y. | ~6 I* t% V( f% @' c' a
Withdrawal from the Social System& |5 Y& q5 ^( Q. B" P% b f
65. Stay-at-home
) D- A) m4 n/ @1 [ y x% z5 j4 U8 U 66. Total personal noncooperation
& w. c8 b& ? [9 h' a 67. “Flight” of workers h/ I5 `/ Q/ D" m! t! c7 T
68. Sanctuary
: B/ W' c2 f) y# B& |2 X 69. Collective disappearance: }+ _# H( ~% D
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)+ ~ A0 O B/ v! Q
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! o' j9 ^$ N! y; z
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 i$ q* O' C' T0 X* W
" k( Q# r: f6 n
' Y0 y4 D& `/ M7 O& W I/ A5 V
Actions by Consumers
- e8 W4 n1 w1 W; i4 p5 k5 v 71. Consumers’ boycott
3 w# w( m( V# g. T2 c# g5 W 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
2 ~6 J5 k$ F( A6 l) l 73. Policy of austerity V& A: G; }+ x: \
74. Rent withholding, \% C6 v# g8 H" R' e6 E1 i0 M2 ~
75. Refusal to rent0 W& b8 \5 Y J! p0 r
76. National consumers’ boycott
4 a) b. Q- O3 l 77. International consumers’ boycott# G& Z1 o2 e) V n3 [
+ Z: R. o0 j; e( t# z
Action by Workers and Producers/ ]8 U \. l# e% e; a5 M! s& ~
78. Workmen’s boycott& i1 p6 a. z# G
79. Producers’ boycott- L% o7 W) [; L* _) \
. j& S6 _! O/ n9 P0 ~9 FAction by Middlemen3 L Y. D8 q9 C6 w/ Y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
) t* v2 T; b8 e2 R/ k7 ^0 b9 Y' U! v! `- z0 P# ^9 W
Action by Owners and Management% D, {7 g0 Z$ e, o. N
81. Traders’ boycott
' t. |0 ]4 B& J! r$ S% g% c5 r 82. Refusal to let or sell property c/ F8 H0 p7 |/ |6 a- e! V% w$ _
83. Lockout
. A- w4 a# K) M3 r. R 84. Refusal of industrial assistance! E" v1 T! p* T9 ^* Q! y
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
. J% O4 u) V( `, I1 q* c1 w
, i* l9 A$ A5 I0 o% x/ AAction by Holders of Financial Resources# i, Z+ H) S9 E2 }) w
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 v# c- V; s- s# E" \: C
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
7 Q) |, l( H) j" f2 p: R7 [ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' {/ ^5 g1 G# H9 C, s. j# j3 e
89. Severance of funds and credit
! j2 r+ S; \( p. q7 ? 90. Revenue refusal
' k# }' u& }# ^6 @, i2 C 91. Refusal of a government’s money7 w2 i' z; i4 y6 f+ v8 v a5 A1 L
' u" e9 B$ X7 w% k& y$ KAction by Governments
6 ?# P/ F- T9 c6 u# `' U$ o- S 92. Domestic embargo7 V5 k6 z$ }& Q
93. Blacklisting of traders0 {% @+ r0 T4 _: v1 c/ u- s# O& s
94. International sellers’ embargo* W" x8 w0 \' B- n4 h% X0 e
95. International buyers’ embargo
& @! o. z' B. D. n* I1 t% U 96. International trade embargo: P' c7 D( K o( ?. I" H; A
' V) _1 _) u( p0 I
/ r3 t/ {. U [! T, G4 |, M9 j" [ G
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
0 g* f0 w8 @! N! A
5 V' ?/ N* E- X
, R* } o! J% H. { WSymbolic Strikes
+ } m* o* ^7 @2 l! [ 97. Protest strike; _& x8 R0 n" O, g5 Y! i, n
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)! G* L/ j, i' _. i8 i
M, y, q3 T5 u3 M0 Q) N6 VAgricultural Strikes
# m: h* b! j5 w% B. B) c! h 99. Peasant strike( U! `* A$ L( w' C. Z8 z% w' F- B/ u& J, \
100. Farm Workers’ strike
! {7 K5 V. q' D3 f3 ^* z2 e7 v! K7 o* [8 J
Strikes by Special Groups
8 ]: \7 B, q& a9 G( A 101. Refusal of impressed labor6 [: \3 }; h- j& }2 {" ~% T
102. Prisoners’ strike
2 I' X2 ^% x8 l6 f( m8 e( b/ G 103. Craft strike* g$ F$ F$ ]# k$ a
104. Professional strike
( Z; L3 Y" M& n) \0 m& I* y; S) L3 I, E4 e, k+ Z/ a" t
Ordinary Industrial Strikes/ B) x7 r) ~* U, B$ k/ J
105. Establishment strike
1 ]" E0 \- N, I7 e0 L0 ?( Q 106. Industry strike4 p! A( k- ]$ ]
107. Sympathetic strike
! R2 K8 j# W8 T4 b- }* I; |, r5 ]
! F& G. q3 O7 |: J1 `* w) a6 ]Restricted Strikes' l% r, ~+ ^9 u+ P" v" I
108. Detailed strike! d+ u$ P$ M) ?
109. Bumper strike) V7 ~' a! X _: e. b# \8 e2 P
110. Slowdown strike
$ U+ S C1 l& Y 111. Working-to-rule strike
* N' J" R/ J0 w 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
) k& v1 t+ ~8 c/ Q+ F. R- N 113. Strike by resignation$ k V- L7 ?; S/ ]9 L3 Q& K' w6 y
114. Limited strike5 o7 F. i- k9 t
115. Selective strike
- f" T/ e$ Y( K q2 `5 T* g& y+ c- l' F9 k
Multi-Industry Strikes8 o! j* m' n* n& t# s7 Q* Z) u
: |3 z+ t% P) X, E
116. Generalized strike
/ K/ {2 L( S$ S3 a9 s5 j2 R" o2 w" c1 p( H& V n
117. General strike
" ]% a' J4 u& \ [$ E* w
. O3 @; a- o! zCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures: h: I! ?0 C; U8 h7 }
4 P; E" I4 |* M2 [' W
118. Hartal. V1 ]* D, ~4 ^% {8 \9 k1 p
- q( s; o) ?" {1 v- A2 g& J/ ` 119. Economic shutdown
2 @; h$ C0 z( G; K8 [+ ^ s( I
4 n5 Z- `1 \ o2 m; ?, Q
3 Z* T/ \9 k1 O# v; A/ K# w; _/ a# X7 `# c* k' ]
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 N l6 h5 d( C. I2 I
& Y. X e+ @3 h6 e
& E/ E5 X3 w5 V1 T' ~. uRejection of Authority: v; {1 A8 L4 s: [5 M
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 w; r/ u7 c4 i g2 m0 [, g9 e2 J2 D 121. Refusal of public support
( S* \1 s& q. r/ V, u/ l% x 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ f* E4 w5 {5 j( O
$ A2 T6 d Z- oCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government+ q X( U! r7 L0 e. P
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ ]: ]( c* h! O3 m$ y 124. Boycott of elections
( H6 U: U1 r b! b6 g 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* s# B0 R, r# ~0 b* f1 } 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies0 c( t! N" }8 A5 {& I, S; I
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 c N7 g- G# }+ l- B, \ H$ E4 d# q, q
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 J% H1 V! q: Q: ~2 o
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 r! V9 {* R- \3 ]' p
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks+ c! R, {2 [% b
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials/ f5 j1 Y( ?4 P+ _) @
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions+ `3 T) ?5 s) v: g! f
5 G2 x" X/ j# a& n" rCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience8 L5 E0 D$ r+ O5 B: l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance( i- v% y: ]4 Y4 M
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" X* N' g7 M6 {' I m( O" v* F( c
135. Popular nonobedience
" q2 I% b$ w! J 136. Disguised disobedience' B; y. Y- x$ W7 v
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
6 T5 a+ J ]% ^: D" ]! x/ e 138. Sitdown$ g* `; {% o( w: C+ b0 X$ I+ N) ^
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
2 r' Y: z( C2 e# ?9 f 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: S' u; }% F2 a! ~0 \3 P6 |) z/ x( l
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
$ I- d2 y" F) U0 `. _( \, K
. l/ ]$ _. R0 y* X) @4 M$ a) y' NAction by Government Personnel
" r& W7 m; T W, r; `/ \ 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
7 \' H7 T, Y6 y5 b% j; v* ] 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
+ K' G6 d) ~5 U1 ~9 @3 f( x! p, V 144. Stalling and obstruction+ M* ?, k3 x# F4 V$ p
145. General administrative noncooperation0 o3 p# ?# C6 D8 ^
; M. L% A. w! x5 ^1 ]8 c8 @ a 146. Judicial noncooperation
7 \4 R$ x. k0 b9 y. o2 C 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
" A2 Q) g( ~9 f; X: ^$ f 148. Mutiny4 P$ q( f! e* R& w# D% {/ L
Domestic Governmental Action' G# w2 [# O& k3 n# g
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
1 x# k0 [ K: p7 A( I/ U! c, ?1 J 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units$ R8 @: @# v Q4 o& i ^" }; H
8 O8 N( d3 z- ~International Governmental Action
% S6 q0 v. h! e! e5 J- Q" r L 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations% w1 k0 z9 O+ i8 v
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 Y3 z4 X9 `: b
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
9 [' D" N. q: {2 i5 L% t& V C4 A 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* V! t' G* \0 z+ ], r3 L 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- `0 N: p7 x4 k; b7 B 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
/ K; u% S7 S! Y- f0 D( x 157. Expulsion from international organizations
: X3 Y) @* g" M! b6 }! }4 V5 T9 P. i1 Y+ {
/ z$ a2 R g( s+ ~! |7 j3 R- s9 M* z0 O9 k4 s- Z. j. R
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
# H7 ?3 N, U" J0 u: k1 @$ [0 b
& t g& ?3 c7 h* e, Y1 i/ q1 O7 h5 a
% M* U# |4 A+ X0 s# `Psychological Intervention
4 K$ S4 N k2 D" _. L9 U+ U5 n 158. Self-exposure to the elements! P( O& N8 v, O0 t. e2 h
159. The fast9 a0 `8 p; n4 G
a) Fast of moral pressure
v L; H% V+ q, Q" y8 X b) Hunger strike
% m6 o- e* N4 `( x( \ c) Satyagrahic fast/ M0 R9 Q2 \5 \4 C: d: k7 e
160. Reverse trial8 g# Q- E% w$ Y: u* d/ E
161. Nonviolent harassment- q) }3 t6 J: u9 z; L
/ W3 }. I h0 S% O" `Physical Intervention
4 M- |" w- }% I" ^3 N: ? 162. Sit-in8 y, V9 v8 a5 y a
163. Stand-in
1 W2 w5 r1 F: d5 {7 E 164. Ride-in
7 U3 b) q; e# A: V( P 165. Wade-in
" s. Z4 F8 [2 e/ D( N7 ?8 u9 l 166. Mill-in3 U% f; O: }; ]8 `' v
167. Pray-in
8 r# a1 a I) @* Y! V 168. Nonviolent raids2 o7 n* p; y: V. u3 ~- p% x" z
169. Nonviolent air raids( Z1 F: @% ]& q
170. Nonviolent invasion# o4 P( v) l" K" M- a& F2 t
171. Nonviolent interjection# k- U @8 q7 d) P
172. Nonviolent obstruction; S; W$ }/ T5 g, n6 Q
173. Nonviolent occupation% P& a/ R6 f* k1 Y4 r
3 F2 i1 g( t7 {& k0 J8 Y, X
Social Intervention& }' h F( c4 K8 [" H' o, B
174. Establishing new social patterns
- S4 O2 Q2 ?3 ]3 M) \ 175. Overloading of facilities0 z$ L' Z& U3 o3 d
176. Stall-in
& z W+ G6 A% v8 L. }" l7 W+ a 177. Speak-in
! O o! @: s- J \. z 178. Guerrilla theater
0 ?$ g) \# S- m: C9 Q 179. Alternative social institutions
4 ~4 D1 S& H0 c$ Q' B" ^! ` 180. Alternative communication system ]6 q" W8 R1 M' a8 |0 n- e5 X
, D$ j! ~( _, [9 ?' C$ REconomic Intervention4 } y0 O* e! S& @
181. Reverse strike
1 y) y- \ ~; A0 l4 a9 O# g& I* o 182. Stay-in strike3 I+ u2 C( J( K! i4 q( ?
183. Nonviolent land seizure
# V2 v3 x( }9 J 184. Defiance of blockades7 e7 N" ~, Z! A2 D6 U3 T, j' f
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting d! t( d; p( w$ s( k k
186. Preclusive purchasing& Y. }& x0 b; N# P5 B
187. Seizure of assets
$ g7 a3 q# [* C0 p9 z7 C: d 188. Dumping! U" c9 U$ ~8 _ B( z( y% P1 q! c
189. Selective patronage" j& ~) d7 W4 v
190. Alternative markets
; M5 `4 n" `/ d. B" ` c 191. Alternative transportation systems- o$ Y; b; I! O( W# C. X) w+ v
192. Alternative economic institutions1 s4 @& b r& t% j9 B, Z
" a+ q6 d1 }. Q* r+ `Political Intervention
" `" |* p& `% x. q 193. Overloading of administrative systems
4 m7 q/ \. Y4 o2 f: A 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents/ }" t2 J3 r1 Q* ?- I9 v
195. Seeking imprisonment" A9 c- p! s m
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
8 }' w7 K9 u! e 197. Work-on without collaboration
/ Q+ M2 q a# o2 X) { 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
