 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
, s# @! u/ m K& Q( I- SFormal Statements/ u6 C! u; j [7 `
1. Public Speeches& a- U3 y' J. @ _
2. Letters of opposition or support$ E1 m2 a8 p% X; M: Q
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
0 `& V- G; C! L 4. Signed public statements6 C, T; c' h" R M! J
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ x1 {+ j1 ]: o. [, H1 Z- d- \ 6. Group or mass petitions
[; _/ z: r0 {; `* a: N! b. q4 F+ E' z7 k+ @6 B
Communications with a Wider Audience
w2 f' b% n( U3 P7 H: b8 ^ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
* b: B, M5 r5 J& M3 b 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications- C1 z9 Z W! ]' G' e
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books) V7 p& S, O' E6 X5 ]5 R& N
10. Newspapers and journals6 ?1 W4 c; N+ A0 T; o0 ^* t, k. k
11. Records, radio, and television
( v% V; I6 [ T# [6 S. B 12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 m& ?; H" D9 X' g& j
. v: l, U/ N4 A( O! QGroup Representations( p3 L! n J' P, m. R
13. Deputations
/ J6 y& F2 N5 p7 M+ {; f8 l 14. Mock awards! I( { L. r2 V6 E) |9 D- _. o
15. Group lobbying
1 w9 r* \/ P- t3 J1 i6 _ 16. Picketing) @4 F0 H7 f& Y
17. Mock elections
1 v/ z* [: B* L6 v* A9 J8 c# w+ I% h# Y2 ^
Symbolic Public Acts
4 x: [+ l0 ^# ] 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors8 w' x2 m6 y6 z
19. Wearing of symbols
- T/ O; }9 G. ~4 d& R6 \0 p 20. Prayer and worship3 L2 W5 d( _* O, K2 z! ]6 b% ^
21. Delivering symbolic objects) O3 ~, d$ q% n7 x
22. Protest disrobings$ o% a2 \+ n8 j: H$ S7 r b% j1 ]2 d
23. Destruction of own property
, f9 n8 Y9 U" \" L 24. Symbolic lights% Y5 O! C) m5 n
25. Displays of portraits, N7 u' p9 S: H. @( j ]/ n: A3 D; [, ^
26. Paint as protest4 l, E% \, ^) v2 |
27. New signs and names0 {1 b: a8 ^- r1 ?5 P" U" G/ l
28. Symbolic sounds' j* \" c. |% _5 g
29. Symbolic reclamations0 O3 o% s; q0 o: Q/ I0 S
30. Rude gestures6 L7 P* `+ X9 {* ~/ v4 R
0 Y) N% O6 k: f, Q4 Y# h. f7 N4 ?) jPressures on Individuals$ l5 i' N' z: W) h. [
31. “Haunting” officials# h: Y- W1 }$ E, p1 B
32. Taunting officials. P2 i3 S; c0 }+ l* D
33. Fraternization
" {) r* J- X3 {# w/ d0 P 34. Vigils8 D0 c" S' g0 o' V3 q# C
, N! b9 X# c- g/ V% }8 N
Drama and Music0 r: }* G/ {6 A* f8 {
35. Humorous skits and pranks
( a3 @) V, y6 e6 M! ~7 U- {4 } 36. Performances of plays and music
2 f/ |- x* q3 C3 p5 N 37. Singing; O: X$ G) E' f) @3 F
# X* ^% y3 u {" L n" }8 bProcessions
. B2 N' u) U6 e" x: U6 u* F( b% Z 38. Marches
6 J' z7 m' Y% t8 y5 t7 s3 t- a1 t 39. Parades9 |' \# @" c/ a4 @8 |' x
40. Religious processions
& r2 E+ ]4 E: J$ H2 @/ ? 41. Pilgrimages* G1 H% `$ X; Y# s* ?( w
42. Motorcades4 A# A8 @: [" I# ]& J
2 h. {. o# ?. G$ ]9 kHonoring the Dead% y/ c7 U2 {% d. |6 ~
43. Political mourning9 d" }/ v0 Q3 F) I4 k0 p
44. Mock funerals3 m& |7 M* y+ Q( a) J
45. Demonstrative funerals& F- ~- Z+ C1 S% {: e( ~
46. Homage at burial places
( Z/ x5 U* z" u' d4 S3 }8 U4 E. g8 n; X8 k1 S- {* `8 H8 Z$ }1 ?
Public Assemblies
; A2 X1 L! Y) J: Y7 { 47. Assemblies of protest or support
4 C( q3 S `( B) a, V7 b$ W* R 48. Protest meetings! j$ ~. c1 K2 @
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest6 ]+ {+ \( |4 z4 e- z) P! a3 R
50. Teach-ins8 i1 W, U; g& t* @/ @ y8 b
! K$ r/ C: \" ?8 B! v2 TWithdrawal and Renunciation
9 u. E, i) c& Q+ d% Y& y7 z# I3 M 51. Walk-outs# v6 p* E) `0 v
52. Silence
( u6 p% l5 g! B* V. W 53. Renouncing honors
- r( k2 F+ y, f" m 54. Turning one’s back
) e5 Q. D. o. r$ w3 X1 A! `7 @
4 Z* q% f6 u3 b
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 j J; c4 v- g% [2 ]; k
4 Z- x* j3 Z; L# I. v1 f
% H) ?$ t$ R) N# a3 M& }, X+ O; E
0 } m7 u+ f0 \: zOstracism of Persons) T/ e2 M! [ H) A- O% I! q
55. Social boycott3 W3 E+ {5 i R! F" ]
56. Selective social boycott
2 n3 i. E m8 T% d0 }4 q4 n 57. Lysistratic nonaction
& _6 x) i* B% N# J0 o7 T# k 58. Excommunication
$ p1 |; S, Z9 V* c 59. Interdict3 Y/ x* E- z# e" ~7 m
6 s2 z2 M& L, K8 j' a- Z/ jNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions( n$ P% q5 i4 Y$ c- p
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 o1 e4 v" F/ { 61. Boycott of social affairs
" L* } r6 O; D+ u8 T- c 62. Student strike
. K* r O" ?/ {/ ` 63. Social disobedience' _8 p& I, m+ I$ j2 `9 k8 F0 \
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
5 d. Z. w Y3 w$ {
' j' \$ P- U, U6 P# zWithdrawal from the Social System- g# ^+ k. z( W( \1 K% C0 s
65. Stay-at-home U d2 b# u. ?# N
66. Total personal noncooperation6 k- ~9 c/ H' P0 Q* l w, H1 ?/ {0 @
67. “Flight” of workers( `+ M7 [/ B i5 K
68. Sanctuary
+ P7 U. M! l' P+ g/ ]" m7 _* ` 69. Collective disappearance
) W+ N4 h+ L9 {, U$ e 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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; V9 O+ d& P% B- H0 E) ^7 M r2 gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS0 C$ ^5 B" L- j" E: A6 o
6 G1 t, j3 M1 c/ j$ D% Z
8 I% O0 `5 ^. ] @
Actions by Consumers
: A: W3 T, E0 C1 k1 Y& l 71. Consumers’ boycott
5 b H2 b4 D0 F' T# I) X# H2 \ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# Q& E2 ]* l+ W9 D2 E6 n 73. Policy of austerity. W4 e4 D' U% _6 |. ^# u
74. Rent withholding
( m2 V! V( l8 y# e- T+ R8 @6 o: Q 75. Refusal to rent0 l/ V' N5 y" y0 p. J) X' g: x0 P
76. National consumers’ boycott. z2 N6 `3 @. i. W- ?9 f# {" q
77. International consumers’ boycott
+ P& z, o* K; Y/ ?4 I
7 T5 Q! R& c6 m+ I0 l( u8 lAction by Workers and Producers
+ \, X) ?5 z3 B7 @0 T/ X 78. Workmen’s boycott
( m5 s) Y! j+ i6 e 79. Producers’ boycott* b2 ^& N6 q3 {4 g% t
5 Z9 e% r; F$ X2 ? eAction by Middlemen
; {( L' l/ k; ~# i) c' b/ ?* E- r 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
- l5 N( O! @, x( I. f0 u1 h7 S
. X$ X1 b& X/ C# G- x9 |( n, JAction by Owners and Management
{. _5 E- {! U; L; ~' l 81. Traders’ boycott( O, {5 W! c0 t g+ Q5 G* ?$ ?3 y
82. Refusal to let or sell property$ o p( j. W% F X( Q, Y
83. Lockout
; _. p6 k: x1 m1 `8 x 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! N! ~: ~5 {; y; V2 o- Z; A" O* Y 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! [& q/ T( |+ a' e! ]0 H( w: O
; X7 A) Z! Z2 T _0 oAction by Holders of Financial Resources
; O) r$ r3 ~' }2 w; { 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
% ?0 \' h4 g* O# L9 V 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments" ]2 d( h: x; c$ ^: v3 ^1 L7 K
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' v- d( ~" G: X1 Z
89. Severance of funds and credit- v$ \; Y. w1 @ e8 V6 m s/ m% x
90. Revenue refusal
I) v( u- I* s' V 91. Refusal of a government’s money4 l/ l* |, M: t7 I3 {/ L& T
0 H7 d$ D: M1 \ y2 N DAction by Governments
) Y" X& `4 k, E5 a 92. Domestic embargo1 U; X, D3 e/ \5 O5 H6 s1 J7 v
93. Blacklisting of traders
; ^* u7 W* z' w4 u! K$ J, ` 94. International sellers’ embargo
$ A2 I& [$ n: Z- v 95. International buyers’ embargo
5 w" W" g' S% o- P: f% I 96. International trade embargo4 [: C; M# W, q3 c0 s% b
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& Q8 q& }/ P+ w, o( {' qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
M9 _2 b$ S! h4 _% B: \1 s, d2 Y+ i" @+ z! a" g4 X
$ r8 a: a$ j& jSymbolic Strikes1 n# G6 V* _, \
97. Protest strike* N# _! @; D6 j/ ^, ^
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
1 i% P3 |0 P- R3 I) a
" @1 W6 t1 k9 n7 P; o/ YAgricultural Strikes
) ]8 N, m' b8 L! M. b' L 99. Peasant strike6 k& [& J, Y6 m$ H# u6 K8 \% O8 B1 L
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ F3 k7 ~; d+ j, b
3 B. R+ L: V% IStrikes by Special Groups+ [" `; O7 v) H }3 n' F( `
101. Refusal of impressed labor( n( D- }3 S' i j" B
102. Prisoners’ strike
/ w) q% J/ _: d t8 [ 103. Craft strike: i" w$ m' G& C& X1 \( Q
104. Professional strike1 z- r" |# O, F2 \& G/ G' t4 I5 d. D
; O0 ]/ s& W& o; R6 P+ [6 `
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
6 D: x8 N: _' x( }+ S 105. Establishment strike- x" f- _9 Z& U
106. Industry strike C$ N. J% S; c5 L* i
107. Sympathetic strike$ }) k8 x/ Z" L
& l# ~' c8 i, \: l3 c. X+ {
Restricted Strikes
9 I w$ y w" g 108. Detailed strike6 C1 W' t; C8 u7 C
109. Bumper strike; w1 P: X+ G" _. Z: Z' q. t
110. Slowdown strike
4 T1 X, @3 S q( m/ w* V 111. Working-to-rule strike
( B4 p5 w! }5 Q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
* Y9 v6 ~4 o8 T: H6 G( g* w 113. Strike by resignation2 |/ c" R! q* S$ r
114. Limited strike* O! W# O: d- A. B5 [
115. Selective strike. l6 a) T1 y/ A/ [. b9 s( g3 b
) {% I1 t1 g9 r J6 k& x( O9 K6 x' z4 dMulti-Industry Strikes% ^8 x; m$ }. V* v
( N g5 }; w6 B, ~( f8 ]
116. Generalized strike4 a+ X. U! ~2 t
. }9 c9 l! x7 X3 R6 T 117. General strike
5 F* R3 A8 B" _4 O7 r/ X
: c- ?: [9 j* ZCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures- u, k6 Z& w, z) `( k
. U( Z; x k$ j' E) h. p6 J# j
118. Hartal
" j6 s0 A! |! o( W$ J# e( c$ a1 D$ u5 e
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION: }+ w- D. w/ E
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; C- f* }- s( e# N* a, aRejection of Authority
0 u: Z( Z9 `; c; N, A. {+ q b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance5 f6 d9 B. _$ A f4 ?; x
121. Refusal of public support
: ^+ d0 ~! ~3 B2 g: a, S" I; p! K 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance4 l0 N( }( L( w5 q; v2 l
! p" C- B9 J# {* P
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
" v2 T3 p( Q- H5 e, u( z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% p/ T3 S5 W- s+ v2 W& Q
124. Boycott of elections4 h+ t2 f/ L7 r7 W. z' l
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
$ X9 m0 I! X# M3 o( Z) [0 E 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ u4 i1 _/ d$ d. F
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 R* \, h4 F7 }% B# h0 N7 E: y
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
& N7 d* I( g4 N% D C) a; y 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 J1 T4 s; _7 y" D6 o8 M& g: a 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks& m4 J7 k* k; W/ _. I2 u/ b; e2 V( x
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials7 Q: ]) y( M& ?4 c+ ]9 T$ a2 s
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- _1 F% s5 z& m' a# v' h8 y
* x- x1 y* I0 R c7 B6 E; `5 |
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
2 d% b& E# J& m: G7 k 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
0 x ~% b5 {& a( j8 }0 j" f 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- t0 ^ f2 ] m9 y 135. Popular nonobedience+ O& b4 ]" D; t, b1 T& I
136. Disguised disobedience
. R+ e- T; I; `2 R9 K* V0 P% F 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse ]& t/ D# \$ N0 h _% O3 F m
138. Sitdown& o3 U, L3 V; b x
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation) b9 p) I5 b" T" Z( E
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
! ?/ ?; H/ u* O( ` 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
9 E* Y" ~% H+ C8 H" M7 ~/ z: L- d b/ U
Action by Government Personnel
H8 H' P3 J- `& d s9 ?& H 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
3 K) y, s7 z+ D7 ~ 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; V6 u! E; K! g( O% ^ 144. Stalling and obstruction
+ m0 p+ S% T- W 145. General administrative noncooperation
* `: U" [ Q4 @' j! q: F7 J1 l% f7 S* H4 C
146. Judicial noncooperation
" r: H/ g( |+ G: m 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( Q- v& r2 ^3 b" p7 y: y/ @" K 148. Mutiny
. r( ~+ Y. w5 o' a9 R3 F0 r% IDomestic Governmental Action
, Z8 s$ A* e. ^* P, X 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- M* K# n2 {$ p6 e( \
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
% x( J/ Y8 o& N% h z5 H( Z
$ m& p8 U( H$ BInternational Governmental Action2 j. x% [. Q4 ^ w8 c; |6 H, H7 |
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations$ ~6 P1 J Q& B( Z1 Z) `' X Z
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& T0 m- E7 ]$ t. h3 U5 H) K) @ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition9 @3 y6 A2 e! W2 K4 ~3 K' Z
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" s* ^4 Q# c+ S6 X* t6 I0 _ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations' R/ _4 t9 O/ n
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies0 C, I4 G7 A4 G& r, y: \) }
157. Expulsion from international organizations
7 f' L: n8 Y; c7 ~) Y8 t
5 K5 n0 n6 k' \$ K
, ~, V# ]9 A, ]9 z! {, M0 G) n. O/ ~. k( E# f: ?, c
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
2 w, O, d. K' m2 Q: ]4 U0 n* y7 b" r1 R8 z1 s8 ?& D( }1 z
" ]6 q) Z( @* l
Psychological Intervention7 I/ M3 i: n6 z/ ~ v: n
158. Self-exposure to the elements
$ H6 Q _; F& i5 d 159. The fast
7 w( c: J2 N5 k a) Fast of moral pressure
: a* B& R0 Y$ {6 p b) Hunger strike
# [4 \& C3 J+ C+ w c) Satyagrahic fast# s7 q$ A/ B( k5 f5 J+ R# P8 P+ c
160. Reverse trial B- L. R; }% D9 n9 \6 M
161. Nonviolent harassment# h @; B0 d0 w: Y1 _
B& V, N9 n. ^! P. {0 `2 ^Physical Intervention
* }$ `! w* z7 y. Z 162. Sit-in X! L H* ]+ ` ^3 v) Z
163. Stand-in
7 Z" p+ x+ T; i+ a+ C7 m' t( c 164. Ride-in
) S, k. w; \( A9 v* Q* h$ I 165. Wade-in, C% B" O. I4 G0 S- c
166. Mill-in P- V- t3 v% O% L* A2 V
167. Pray-in3 G. x u. W/ e8 \3 {; l
168. Nonviolent raids
0 l# i9 C$ [9 g+ V$ G! ] 169. Nonviolent air raids. g. |/ \8 Y7 W6 f
170. Nonviolent invasion
! m0 M4 S# o2 r, J5 E9 q* x/ ]$ { 171. Nonviolent interjection
$ y0 \* _5 \1 E/ x( _3 D8 p2 O 172. Nonviolent obstruction
4 P$ L1 ~& h+ I1 q 173. Nonviolent occupation" H- g- b5 {" o& u
0 f& b9 Z# H5 W/ x) QSocial Intervention+ G4 @+ e! m9 t3 C
174. Establishing new social patterns
* }& R! R& t' ^2 \; Q) L- l$ e! K6 a 175. Overloading of facilities
7 ~; w" D% b, J7 ?" f/ H" w0 \! j# ` 176. Stall-in8 X: D: u* A( z% F, r" p
177. Speak-in9 Y8 w8 i) t. s$ O
178. Guerrilla theater8 T f) d! b* x3 t* ?$ J
179. Alternative social institutions. F6 j, b, Z% l9 B6 w: x
180. Alternative communication system
# b `3 r8 B6 ^5 r
) f7 R; Z- X: T* X% `) S" SEconomic Intervention
) j8 E9 y& o; ^6 X( d( i 181. Reverse strike
$ w4 o, H/ S- M# j8 Q 182. Stay-in strike. f$ o c6 x3 W/ b
183. Nonviolent land seizure6 F5 x2 c F* J& _4 ^+ g( {
184. Defiance of blockades# S* f J' C/ a2 ~/ Z& R/ z' t0 |
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting$ M9 o* \5 T' `" e9 l5 F [
186. Preclusive purchasing% P9 F+ H4 L. r; H
187. Seizure of assets6 Q- G9 v# I. O, Z6 V
188. Dumping
8 Z- s( c3 R5 R1 C# E4 X3 C 189. Selective patronage
8 }1 A+ y1 w. b; u6 f; e2 p 190. Alternative markets
; ]9 F+ l. m1 G8 W" v; t6 t! Z, U 191. Alternative transportation systems
' M: q: m3 N3 O: S2 V6 M4 N- u* } 192. Alternative economic institutions1 X/ e4 M6 c3 V. ^5 W& z
6 E5 @$ A1 m, k6 w0 lPolitical Intervention
; v" M) j0 d. F+ t/ \( X7 \ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
% n3 A- \/ R0 {% T* { 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
+ C& V/ r! g3 ^- O 195. Seeking imprisonment6 R% U/ a& \" k% t5 ]; b
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
6 {( R5 Z* U; k 197. Work-on without collaboration& B: ?0 r0 e! e( a6 O3 f+ T8 P
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government: u+ b2 n1 N- M+ I; I; V! n3 s
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
