 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" a# g% Z( }( S
Formal Statements
' {$ i1 G5 S N3 q0 h: l0 r! W9 a( J 1. Public Speeches
) j: y# n$ B. F$ i 2. Letters of opposition or support
5 d. X8 u8 _( r! Z: @/ z3 B) H 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( q5 _( l& ^8 m* @) t' F: t/ E/ K
4. Signed public statements& V* q3 w' j8 ?' e' d; v
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
/ _8 u9 T: |5 m3 q2 X 6. Group or mass petitions5 G+ \0 G: L7 ^8 g7 w, |
2 `( v' U3 x/ M. y+ ]0 kCommunications with a Wider Audience& L/ p7 K: W$ B' {1 \6 f
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
# n9 A) q- w# \ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
y& ~6 C1 Z4 s7 ] Z2 a 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 E r, C; o- _0 _: E! r( g
10. Newspapers and journals1 @5 o0 Y, i4 h6 A5 ~6 Y, ]+ z
11. Records, radio, and television; G. L4 D# U7 h- L
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 u) m5 v2 D3 Q) L5 e1 l3 A: X( g$ `, Y% z! _, l0 `) T
Group Representations1 S6 b; F6 |& c& O) ]
13. Deputations+ F) ^8 O1 v* q
14. Mock awards
n/ j* [9 n5 W4 r' C! k( e 15. Group lobbying
/ I) K6 q1 o, P* o& t8 a2 v 16. Picketing
1 g! S9 D j' o 17. Mock elections. L1 X' v3 Q) t1 d
5 q6 k- X5 m5 {4 K" Y
Symbolic Public Acts
6 E6 O8 y- I q- t" z 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
) G! D3 p* v. Z% K( u1 B& V- b5 C 19. Wearing of symbols, H& F b3 F2 h/ K1 [! V' @
20. Prayer and worship
) [/ K& ]% t' E/ b2 T4 i 21. Delivering symbolic objects! w7 L0 k9 {. q- p7 ]3 V' I
22. Protest disrobings
6 O- }0 h0 k% D3 i) ^( @, f 23. Destruction of own property) i; j. t4 q- Z6 S; D1 J+ Z
24. Symbolic lights
4 C- s/ Q! Q& y 25. Displays of portraits5 m& K2 h1 S( Z8 P1 w# x
26. Paint as protest
3 h5 c! s* E# \. d% W 27. New signs and names k7 C2 Z6 E! |( B# N8 ]2 c
28. Symbolic sounds4 a6 j7 A9 q c- Y h* z
29. Symbolic reclamations# l, N6 q1 a, ^! K1 c& T1 e
30. Rude gestures, \9 \: d! H: `' C' _
' A1 K2 V, F4 q6 |# c8 g6 m* o
Pressures on Individuals7 I( V9 c8 Q8 B; c
31. “Haunting” officials' _8 ?, L+ { r. H" ~1 N( _* }) _6 A7 |
32. Taunting officials4 \4 W: o4 r% T7 d# [
33. Fraternization
" F) j9 w7 m9 ~: j4 A 34. Vigils
; M# ?5 q: J( A! b9 i+ z- b8 c0 Z: u
Drama and Music
* |- G. N( q1 g7 `% C& Z( A 35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 R6 c6 f+ p+ }" g; _- |2 b 36. Performances of plays and music
* `" y: ?; d! d* {) b 37. Singing, ^% @( u& ]4 J! k& q
& N5 D! K9 k' D1 r/ u3 I; p$ G
Processions% X+ I" F' E) C" u5 }5 ?
38. Marches. n5 c) o6 k1 w) [. a/ ^$ u* b) G. x
39. Parades7 B! `1 [3 |6 D5 g
40. Religious processions: R2 F, e" E, Y# m, z
41. Pilgrimages- H! a% v+ t, M @) c% `# X
42. Motorcades
' b! ]! u; U- L; s8 h. ]: I+ q) p t- \
Honoring the Dead2 x: x. f {% F* X8 W( `
43. Political mourning
9 [; e; G+ x& n& _# K" U 44. Mock funerals
8 i) s% W7 P4 E! x' W& p9 [( C- C 45. Demonstrative funerals
4 V+ N. r F( b; E- P, d 46. Homage at burial places- l3 f! S0 g* O4 Y
+ y$ ^" N- Q7 J8 RPublic Assemblies
l9 u. K2 ~* L+ R) N# X2 ?% [ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
& k: e9 C0 m t8 _/ u1 { 48. Protest meetings
* j# h$ z2 \& d+ m 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 E+ C3 Y; K6 [ 50. Teach-ins0 a- y1 P7 j' s
% G7 B r. g0 L1 a
Withdrawal and Renunciation
Y, Q$ }3 a# Q5 e+ p 51. Walk-outs
# N8 R8 B# f( @! w) Z! a% b& ~: Y 52. Silence8 B- a* E" c4 m( Y4 y! ?
53. Renouncing honors
" U8 I: V, ?5 V/ t H/ r; u 54. Turning one’s back
4 Y( h1 n4 W$ e) b8 V* ]9 h
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1 s, O3 _" b1 R3 o3 e z) D3 G! ~$ L& S0 ^1 Q% E
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
6 ^+ E- r: m5 _ i* t& [! ^# G2 P7 q* o) E
" k. I6 ]9 Z- u: I0 ~+ S" N+ M- ` e5 { t' d
Ostracism of Persons+ o _- |# g7 w
55. Social boycott$ E# d5 O1 F( \5 a) G
56. Selective social boycott
* S0 ^5 Y5 o5 G# c' i2 Y 57. Lysistratic nonaction/ L8 p* c2 D, c# K
58. Excommunication3 K9 A9 Z$ q. z3 g x a! m
59. Interdict
$ ^; P" h; ?9 ?* }" _' ^+ G1 t* P/ _$ d# y9 L
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
5 c1 X# }! J+ v7 x- p1 R 60. Suspension of social and sports activities% e' {6 t) l z' h$ k5 d7 N
61. Boycott of social affairs
4 q/ z( n9 n/ T' |. i. E 62. Student strike' a1 [8 v( m7 a1 v/ y: P
63. Social disobedience
. j) }$ i% v0 P5 P2 J; i: W8 d! C/ W 64. Withdrawal from social institutions1 \" z9 U5 P. i: F3 Q# N
% A1 A% H! U& W% J! QWithdrawal from the Social System" p) e# u7 r- [- u4 o: g0 e8 L
65. Stay-at-home
8 l( @& Z `' f8 A/ G 66. Total personal noncooperation4 }8 Y W. d) k/ c- | e
67. “Flight” of workers
2 ~% I& k/ G+ Q/ Q' V$ K9 v 68. Sanctuary d! V" z. Z2 T$ p: u: K
69. Collective disappearance q- s0 ]8 h1 f1 |7 u" ?7 o+ ?
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)$ }6 E- n+ u2 t
6 m+ ]; D6 S: N3 e* k* a8 J' Z 5 H7 p4 b; N; u8 p9 E, c3 e7 Z! L
u" ~/ P8 H7 F& m1 T
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers7 N& i0 Z) X7 N+ {* ?
71. Consumers’ boycott; R4 y5 x& ?( X5 D4 o ]+ Y
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: E/ F# E; G% W, r1 h! I& G8 @ 73. Policy of austerity
, P* {4 X2 k2 N 74. Rent withholding$ j8 I1 c& n1 i L. X
75. Refusal to rent
. e6 Z9 \, Z) f$ Y 76. National consumers’ boycott
1 i; \8 U0 a( v- ~* R0 b 77. International consumers’ boycott! N9 h0 R c) S- N& Z v
6 @, z8 n/ s8 G: H5 g
Action by Workers and Producers
' V/ o* x5 A& i' h 78. Workmen’s boycott" Z0 w' ~" f( g) ~
79. Producers’ boycott D4 N/ C; \* G) \ K$ |
+ A% f: X3 D: T
Action by Middlemen
/ F9 b$ ?" e- c2 X 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. V$ V- N0 n4 K
/ C1 P7 }0 g9 |- z" X. dAction by Owners and Management( ~( v7 q% y1 V
81. Traders’ boycott
i D4 d8 w3 j6 I! [ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
/ _9 Y; i8 b* Y 83. Lockout3 W- U: J' B6 w! Y( z T; C( Q
84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 ]: M* |- m5 y
85. Merchants’ “general strike” W/ w- V3 U+ q g- c! ^0 U8 y! N ]
: |( z1 x7 u4 n$ Q' d+ m' B4 wAction by Holders of Financial Resources7 Q9 v4 W( p/ _1 _1 r
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 }9 h9 r) D/ ?1 \ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' A& G; y9 I4 M
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; D) F. M# i6 b, ~ q 89. Severance of funds and credit
2 H: i% y' L9 y0 ~2 m 90. Revenue refusal
; C) v; M# o. `& k$ u" \6 u0 h) v+ ~ 91. Refusal of a government’s money; j u) J" D" V
9 I4 X, ~% ~1 c" y" V$ e* cAction by Governments5 v& ]- R; M6 r6 r1 N
92. Domestic embargo
6 ?. v) y. s+ k# R 93. Blacklisting of traders
) K' h, f* F. ]& h" T! g 94. International sellers’ embargo% m& v5 d/ ?9 y# {
95. International buyers’ embargo3 A! `/ {* I& H; A1 ]
96. International trade embargo5 S) Q* V2 V% f' Y# o n0 q- Z" M/ }
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes5 p! _# S) j! F# a4 h% P7 H! Q
97. Protest strike8 K5 i0 T& V/ D$ N4 o
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)) c) E" w0 B2 L$ L
( O- T) k# p; A% b
Agricultural Strikes
. W1 m5 N' A( ~/ ]- z- ] 99. Peasant strike; B# K2 U7 R5 \8 }+ X
100. Farm Workers’ strike( T0 \* D8 |8 S; E* \
5 @: `/ E& j4 I' F, j( X% l
Strikes by Special Groups0 e+ s* l0 t4 @4 T" k4 Q5 I
101. Refusal of impressed labor8 m# K8 ~* J' i( N4 d! g, L
102. Prisoners’ strike
7 v/ s! o7 M( g; {% U; j8 M5 q 103. Craft strike9 k0 g( R8 Q/ a5 Z7 y0 t6 U
104. Professional strike; K( [ N4 E9 w# H% L' e4 d
8 P+ G6 G$ T( N/ U( |Ordinary Industrial Strikes
( r' \, l3 M6 l4 J" u4 B* M& c 105. Establishment strike' w {- @# ~9 o+ N+ u1 E
106. Industry strike
+ H9 ^3 V$ U" Y" f+ p$ z3 Q3 X8 h 107. Sympathetic strike
$ B/ D( Y" W- [* K. a$ o) u6 w; r; n7 W+ C; n" G
Restricted Strikes
4 J0 g! y1 S0 w* M: `9 H 108. Detailed strike8 x) n" b Q# ]9 F4 ]( u3 w% G, }
109. Bumper strike4 l" q" [( r7 Y2 `
110. Slowdown strike
6 e; Y7 o6 m& H* \3 c 111. Working-to-rule strike5 @6 l1 I' h ?7 _( _1 Z4 D, M# O
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)! x8 ?# R3 t5 l8 E$ {2 z+ P! l) |. g; I
113. Strike by resignation
- j D. z9 U6 g3 b0 l% k 114. Limited strike7 S$ h4 D. n3 j. Q
115. Selective strike9 z2 P3 Z& s1 M- `
+ b3 e- e2 T4 K; m% gMulti-Industry Strikes
/ f/ w: j' ]3 ~/ e& A% j2 e. t
1 t$ z5 @7 T8 L& T4 u 116. Generalized strike
9 f& M. m& H% R5 `7 R5 t* R5 ~ P' _ i) o: @. c
117. General strike: k) N0 }: T+ r0 p7 r, u. a4 l1 S t5 @
% Q/ d! m0 f5 Q0 T* t& {2 N# r8 vCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
) J7 W, e* ?, w k
- W$ K- l g% L6 q$ Q1 i1 m 118. Hartal/ v/ A8 q# Z5 S# H& H
+ K2 M* j; E! M1 P/ T9 B0 @ 119. Economic shutdown) \: E" j+ z G+ D
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION% x: T# g/ l0 ?! B; j, u; O
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$ c& }' i3 e6 ]6 W. R* yRejection of Authority
) r+ y, Q _& y: F; L1 @4 i7 d% p 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, j4 X, ?, W) k
121. Refusal of public support
) M9 a8 \6 R8 ]& L$ W 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 d1 J, w6 {, D; N- W- l4 V9 ^: y9 x5 @6 t7 M8 ]+ y0 k
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government1 b6 K; F! L0 f: ~) y. Y+ H6 T
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; h- N; Q+ `& [% P8 T1 @ 124. Boycott of elections
- S6 ?0 `" h* z( _: Q 125. Boycott of government employment and positions0 h) s( i4 ^1 ^# ]' {" D5 ]2 Y" R& b% b
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies/ {8 W! j9 E4 P% V
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( K" R8 Q/ F: W* }( L 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations u* |- F, j. b. E1 B9 ]4 h
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
6 g& W T+ `4 M7 g 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
! s1 y% L- r% S) B! } 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
( A; e& r3 v5 u N- l& R$ o5 O5 h 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions6 M9 P' p8 Q) Z! Y% o
0 ]) M3 |9 V! Y+ p8 g% p6 w" B3 J
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
) J% o2 G; O! \0 o; Y6 N 133. Reluctant and slow compliance: w" J. U* q! \7 G8 f3 U" \. l. \
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: p1 w8 e. y1 G; i; X2 j 135. Popular nonobedience
, C; h5 |+ L, a1 J! b 136. Disguised disobedience+ U" E' y6 B2 F" Q7 n+ `
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ x4 v8 l, \0 ^% K/ |$ |4 `
138. Sitdown
' J! T" f+ D" M, o4 R6 {- X 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ i# q& ~% T# h$ t* @ C1 {
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ u1 _( q3 ^) U W" {
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ q# o! Z# _' Y( G- F' Y5 g8 r3 I# l. z% ~# l9 w
Action by Government Personnel6 U8 l5 D$ c$ P7 y& p; y, h0 D: y
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ Z! i! d/ y3 }+ M6 T& d 143. Blocking of lines of command and information/ ^% h* c2 y5 g7 h2 T2 D% Y
144. Stalling and obstruction
9 N& d) f: [) f5 d: N/ a5 o( \ 145. General administrative noncooperation
- a% N$ h( J$ s5 ^% h7 Z8 H5 P. `* s9 F6 c8 K8 _" _9 H
146. Judicial noncooperation
4 J& _. T" f8 E$ q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 H% x( V- B/ r) y, S$ J
148. Mutiny+ n; Y7 f- ?; k7 S& U+ `4 P/ C
Domestic Governmental Action, q! Q0 ^0 P$ E9 {: J! O6 Q; P0 Y$ N
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays1 q( R* i# g$ x! e# g
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units% K: J% D5 i( {& \
+ X t S& ?" {6 K+ k; F8 N
International Governmental Action9 l) ?* W) Q/ T" F; T
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations/ T0 F& Q/ }( ] a( Y
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events4 P* F1 x- X% l m7 I! j9 \% S
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition/ b* Q6 [1 n- X8 `# |( q- ]# [4 h" C0 f& \
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* Z9 Z5 \3 Q9 j. l+ ^& s 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
- }" G3 C2 s i+ h. t7 T, L 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies6 r0 h% ?1 W+ K6 D( ?
157. Expulsion from international organizations" K4 k" y$ V8 A* |, p7 c9 r
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5 h" K0 W0 R2 w# z; K dTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% |% S) M( V! R T+ n* P; H
* C8 O/ N) N5 Z: [( a" e
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Psychological Intervention
, i* o% N7 c& S/ {! P 158. Self-exposure to the elements/ f8 |# T! G) b( ^+ U' g X5 R* t
159. The fast
3 f7 m1 ]: ~. h5 z a) Fast of moral pressure
6 `; {; j2 q0 ` x/ O b) Hunger strike
+ A) |0 m- \" U c) Satyagrahic fast4 D/ g( j" {0 w7 g% H7 w
160. Reverse trial2 o' H5 [; }# j7 c/ ]. s
161. Nonviolent harassment( g( c! e* g3 w" w) X0 Z
" Q8 `; A) N" L( L9 M
Physical Intervention; d M2 g% X6 g L# N
162. Sit-in2 v" h) R: Q+ K. C: R
163. Stand-in: L2 A3 m. Y, K, B3 V
164. Ride-in4 R2 X) j' Z/ U" P
165. Wade-in- y% {4 P) G% Z" E+ r) @
166. Mill-in
6 c, d5 v$ W* n3 p 167. Pray-in
# r H# s2 D% J# O4 f 168. Nonviolent raids
0 H5 g2 ^4 P, {( i 169. Nonviolent air raids( a! x+ ]$ N9 L: m
170. Nonviolent invasion
3 K4 S' _7 H% p: I 171. Nonviolent interjection
& Q2 P& h) v6 @& l 172. Nonviolent obstruction
2 L2 b6 h: _! q 173. Nonviolent occupation# g" O/ x9 I2 r2 c
8 ^0 ]' F. G! o3 L
Social Intervention: ]' k) {. \4 L, p+ d3 Y! K
174. Establishing new social patterns
" Y/ w0 L4 ~3 c( i 175. Overloading of facilities9 E: ^$ A" z7 B3 Y. o0 ~ Q
176. Stall-in
+ Y# q2 S5 [! I& t& f# G 177. Speak-in W0 j7 P: z1 r: D' T
178. Guerrilla theater
: c! B3 J1 H6 l% u( ~& H& p- } b( M 179. Alternative social institutions
# K; o. S' u. [3 c D9 x# W 180. Alternative communication system
) A. H9 o1 X0 V2 v: a- ^" u0 U! A4 c( k8 F; ?# g# Z
Economic Intervention" y- K- ^; V/ R8 M7 ~
181. Reverse strike
) l% \2 H8 h% B" p+ D 182. Stay-in strike+ @& [2 s- [$ V" Q1 n
183. Nonviolent land seizure
) B. p1 F# ^) y" `8 W b 184. Defiance of blockades# q& o+ }! p9 T6 k9 D
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting# Q. a* `3 ]9 ?
186. Preclusive purchasing: [0 h+ e( I8 P3 I# F# j
187. Seizure of assets
* [! P0 e1 K' h5 ~ Q 188. Dumping. s: B1 g2 Z/ d9 m$ S4 X* x2 m# }4 z, w
189. Selective patronage* x6 g# g+ ~! h5 w% g+ w3 o/ R
190. Alternative markets
& R% ~5 O5 O* C/ S' O8 M ? 191. Alternative transportation systems
! w: i1 G4 X3 ]+ M1 P 192. Alternative economic institutions- g6 u. B f! z$ z) W
+ p' _8 i; z; P. x. _6 K" T
Political Intervention9 n: ~5 f1 O" x5 P
193. Overloading of administrative systems0 k& b0 j# d! V* o( ]# j
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 ?& A* x9 j! |; R/ f 195. Seeking imprisonment; H" w6 x- k3 M. L: M# ]
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" P4 j* M2 f; O
197. Work-on without collaboration0 X- A P- L' R7 s0 O1 @" H
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
