 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
& X" F: g& A9 t* I" [# BFormal Statements
% f0 Y8 G; X8 p 1. Public Speeches
4 c8 H: J: N# B8 t- d/ c; g- h 2. Letters of opposition or support
; [3 x) W- V0 ~0 Q- S; u 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions5 ^3 F( C* y; u! e& ^, b3 g) G
4. Signed public statements/ v' w' O1 [4 W$ l: l
5. Declarations of indictment and intention8 p1 R' _$ u- }! H! s# x
6. Group or mass petitions
$ K; }2 ?6 b9 b$ R) i- r; A4 _; i) Q
Communications with a Wider Audience
/ R$ g! o4 Z- ]; ] 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" w7 {9 I. Q/ N" p8 C 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
+ V' Z2 g5 z3 X+ H: k$ | 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
8 R, F% E& Z) T# {0 [, C& c 10. Newspapers and journals
6 }# H: s4 Y9 J. H 11. Records, radio, and television
: Y8 ?* x. z! p7 I 12. Skywriting and earthwriting' G. n% _ r* i. E5 _
% Z/ |% a) n7 p2 @+ O) uGroup Representations1 B1 I: R4 F' c$ p# O. a6 d
13. Deputations# V* d- C. q6 l, G
14. Mock awards* A. p- s6 X7 `
15. Group lobbying' y3 R7 N7 e; A, E
16. Picketing/ m) I4 D$ S/ W& S- v# G
17. Mock elections3 K; \4 H9 j& Y. u
9 x$ x! \ p# j& y8 ]) [' ^9 r
Symbolic Public Acts
" X1 P. h c: \% ^ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
. [6 J2 T# D6 Y/ X6 s, y) |8 Z 19. Wearing of symbols* p) s2 ^& D$ ]0 ^* L
20. Prayer and worship5 H2 m6 T& e; e! r: @
21. Delivering symbolic objects( K% N5 P( a. S
22. Protest disrobings" g6 d' x# \# G# A: w' _" P
23. Destruction of own property5 }1 q+ |& }; w: S* L
24. Symbolic lights
$ i+ l7 d- d& B9 b* \$ |$ q 25. Displays of portraits
) e4 |3 t' l$ p; x: @ 26. Paint as protest) z( d/ P# G* y
27. New signs and names
+ r( j4 r% l$ q9 _+ o 28. Symbolic sounds
/ E( t: T; ]9 T5 t 29. Symbolic reclamations' e$ w. @: |7 F% O6 p
30. Rude gestures' o! C% K; w5 F' n9 h Z
0 i' [0 P( J2 O% m3 i, {7 v& ^+ dPressures on Individuals
" `0 A3 d4 G. o. M: F4 U 31. “Haunting” officials
, }/ ^% I' \! N. Y2 P3 V6 m( O1 } 32. Taunting officials
. D" f! H% d7 Z 33. Fraternization
; X5 v$ w# m; B% X& @6 m/ Y H! u 34. Vigils& f6 n0 a& v/ v- r( G7 K: J% e' E
5 Y) h" Y3 |5 c2 X/ {# Z
Drama and Music
9 P+ y6 p4 x( V/ W% R W M; g 35. Humorous skits and pranks* P" o1 t0 C. d2 h
36. Performances of plays and music
7 V; ~: i0 l$ W0 L4 Y3 p# o 37. Singing0 _/ n0 G3 B n. O
7 x9 [% q. F8 |9 kProcessions' n8 Q9 R, b' [% Q2 ?' p
38. Marches
. L2 [+ U8 r5 Q) U* A# [ A' Z0 o 39. Parades
6 j Z( G# S2 i, o! V! h 40. Religious processions
7 I! M' b! T) c! q+ H/ s4 ` 41. Pilgrimages! L. y1 M( V* v" r1 H
42. Motorcades" q0 Z. i3 a5 M0 p
% U- f8 T Y4 W+ T9 U g- G$ Z; d8 |1 ?Honoring the Dead/ j/ N7 C' }& S# U3 ~9 G
43. Political mourning
' R# K) x" x3 a% w, ? 44. Mock funerals
- l4 H% [; R; [, D: s& E 45. Demonstrative funerals( M& D' v: ]4 L5 _
46. Homage at burial places
6 l \$ S; S: I! J
. [& f3 {- n( H' P+ NPublic Assemblies
0 v5 ~! B# i: K; p% t8 p" D 47. Assemblies of protest or support4 v' s5 u& F* }
48. Protest meetings
7 Y' `* n9 x, \1 D0 s' a( b 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest- v; n! z# s0 L2 M" r8 ^+ f% c/ N* f
50. Teach-ins
: a' V+ x7 ?2 U0 ^. C$ P, \+ e/ {# z! K' Z2 j
Withdrawal and Renunciation
7 Z# h3 B& s$ t! h1 H+ i 51. Walk-outs
, x* ]3 F4 b% L9 N' m 52. Silence. b8 p* ~) k4 F- N+ b
53. Renouncing honors
+ P- g; ^/ c! G 54. Turning one’s back# Q) K' h7 o5 G' ~6 _
1 [1 e! ~ M+ P4 B: E6 e* m" s
8 q9 D' b+ i+ h+ L1 V* e) A' |" U
5 T C5 I7 ~ T, {1 N4 DTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION% z1 q& T4 R, s5 _' e% Z2 W3 H
3 M7 Y$ e8 h8 w, S: m; p6 A
& N5 Q& P* k4 Z" h: e
% o+ K) ^! @. H- `Ostracism of Persons% U$ y( I. p5 _
55. Social boycott
5 D% p0 N1 J, A) h' X2 s! j 56. Selective social boycott
3 a- A e8 A: M1 _ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ y d* E$ }/ G3 L: [6 {5 u+ J9 @7 S 58. Excommunication
) e( X. M0 ?) \0 i* u: p3 g 59. Interdict; }1 h" H4 I, W0 a% z0 y8 j3 h
% G' S8 j! v2 R; DNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
' j2 e! c% v8 t: d 60. Suspension of social and sports activities0 F/ T) [5 l# L* Z2 j% F
61. Boycott of social affairs) U$ g- v! ?/ @5 M; b/ h2 ?3 y
62. Student strike2 i, E' I) q' ], R* c
63. Social disobedience/ k+ F2 s( U7 f' C
64. Withdrawal from social institutions a1 u& y: ^4 B$ K5 f
" w8 u' S6 m0 X
Withdrawal from the Social System
6 b7 C% J& v; O! h E& \ 65. Stay-at-home6 k2 L+ |' T' a2 E% i1 X$ f( Q* K
66. Total personal noncooperation- S" g4 U" E& v1 G& c& E' I& f) ?
67. “Flight” of workers8 m: j9 K6 x8 D/ N C
68. Sanctuary5 l# C' t2 ~' B2 R' J. b% ?( u
69. Collective disappearance$ I% y6 v& t) H" |
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
1 W8 w- N( y1 \6 T' }. V0 |5 ]+ g) ~3 }. U g- N& i+ i
" W4 F) T7 c4 U% U) u3 M' v1 l
8 c. @3 k3 a! J, I+ b3 w
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
/ z) ~* h) [4 l8 p! M9 `& f4 F8 m0 }+ E: n6 u2 m
8 n, I6 f: ^2 n: a# L# Y& X, v. k
Actions by Consumers
) I* n0 u; K) G 71. Consumers’ boycott
! L* _' i# P7 Z& G 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
6 {+ G" t. T$ T' x: i; i 73. Policy of austerity2 ~; P& P% S1 K) l. I w0 v
74. Rent withholding
1 {* x: V6 r- F1 _1 | 75. Refusal to rent6 A2 S1 Q4 ~6 [% N1 f
76. National consumers’ boycott
+ _1 {, ]3 P0 @' I" E# w 77. International consumers’ boycott
/ p) g" U4 ^# O1 G
1 @* b8 g7 f q3 u% ^* y" o0 d3 ?Action by Workers and Producers7 |* q* X; ^+ m4 C+ [: y+ k
78. Workmen’s boycott
8 H- f. a4 @- B( E; m# I) g 79. Producers’ boycott1 t9 L. `! L, N7 X* A3 F
' ~- w" Q5 {- n2 ^
Action by Middlemen
' o7 l8 P: X: h+ ^$ s. D 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
6 H/ M, A. W; o* X
9 ~$ @) ~; F8 h; RAction by Owners and Management2 p5 Z: I9 r n. U' g/ O7 i
81. Traders’ boycott
+ V0 G9 R1 h% h7 x4 T. V" Y1 d2 g 82. Refusal to let or sell property3 I2 R6 B/ A7 J7 ]! y
83. Lockout: Q1 I6 Z: w) ?; x
84. Refusal of industrial assistance8 m6 t+ i8 g2 N# O# S
85. Merchants’ “general strike”* N U2 P& \, H
& q$ J5 x! t1 _2 b' S; \Action by Holders of Financial Resources
0 E" Z& K: t3 H G3 C/ V/ {$ u 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
3 G* S8 z: y% m. j( S4 S 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* V' u9 ?6 R0 @7 O5 }1 M
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
; l4 M# v# \6 h8 `" K 89. Severance of funds and credit: t4 X, O8 N! T, q
90. Revenue refusal4 V2 K% Q4 u; L$ h
91. Refusal of a government’s money( \# {) _, ^2 U5 y0 k
& j2 n9 g: q% L) D9 D0 u7 LAction by Governments
: `. h2 ?! g$ _1 x/ b+ q1 a; r 92. Domestic embargo
1 Z% I* s" \, v 93. Blacklisting of traders
- ?+ i8 _0 i5 [- S j3 t5 A1 s 94. International sellers’ embargo+ N8 s) ~4 d, y. n
95. International buyers’ embargo
) ?/ B6 L2 s7 S+ V! x5 H 96. International trade embargo
2 J2 b; P! F- r2 U0 S# k& d8 g6 G* a# ?+ {! T* u0 y2 c0 y
$ A8 x, M5 M5 E) ^/ j0 O# Z2 P/ I
: W# X. D0 W( L- ~2 E! U
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
$ r) h3 y- H$ K: u# a3 {6 o( W4 j0 ?; p! t8 |3 c
/ m' o' a4 \. ~: {# c3 l7 u' NSymbolic Strikes
2 l5 \4 t x0 b4 s 97. Protest strike
0 }* ]! |' v& v 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
* C, O. g1 h! F+ E5 ^! G+ ]* t, e+ O" d" A" O
Agricultural Strikes
( ]6 {, W, p$ X; Z7 Y+ ?" k1 U 99. Peasant strike
4 @$ x/ E: e8 A2 t: w* L5 {) y 100. Farm Workers’ strike, j3 @7 q. G. z' j5 U
& _6 z7 `) A9 S! k8 LStrikes by Special Groups
3 }; z1 `9 [1 l! `2 N 101. Refusal of impressed labor, o. v+ z" h7 n+ d3 [
102. Prisoners’ strike
% ?6 s9 `5 F" l4 s, p3 ]+ \1 w 103. Craft strike
8 ~. F5 X$ g. y4 S$ h+ c. v( W; U 104. Professional strike
) p% e, q( |% x8 r t( Q4 V' q- Q/ I6 y% E
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
" |* x8 g4 D0 M: A p' b6 V5 \+ h 105. Establishment strike# M% X- e6 C, P. z
106. Industry strike1 V! m/ y4 i$ f
107. Sympathetic strike b- R0 i# B8 y) _
. Y! ~: s$ W$ R$ ]& T! |% NRestricted Strikes
) I6 H Q3 L. O0 E6 E4 \/ ` 108. Detailed strike8 s* f. D7 }- e! u
109. Bumper strike1 t9 A3 t6 |7 l5 h; ^3 I/ ?% U9 ~3 g
110. Slowdown strike
% U( ^" Y/ a7 c# m 111. Working-to-rule strike7 i ]# W$ o: k4 S$ Z Z/ Y
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)# P S$ R7 ?* {4 Z2 H- M5 N* b9 C( S
113. Strike by resignation
+ u% j" r- Z* d! ~8 k o1 h 114. Limited strike) e2 D% v( A6 L% U0 c
115. Selective strike
! |* V* f: G) l/ N8 Y3 G2 ^3 U. o
. h' o3 u8 t3 Q" V7 XMulti-Industry Strikes
" e# G$ D$ p. _8 b) g
/ i U: U1 K5 f9 u# V, U 116. Generalized strike9 Y. M* s; @0 R3 ], V
5 j: d, G* k+ e2 m% @' L+ ?- l
117. General strike! o# w# X: ~ [+ w$ l# p5 ~
; y5 T0 J1 h( A- wCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
' X B' N) e5 [ n% q) J8 q& n# u" J- l( y$ [* T+ U
118. Hartal3 c5 b& L3 z# u3 G
4 H) I3 i5 K1 N ~$ o, e E6 ~ 119. Economic shutdown: [1 r |* e" d; o2 |
/ R9 P; Y9 w( {) e 7 X: Z1 y- d8 e( t6 b- k
; G4 G9 f; R* aTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
/ m4 R+ p- k. ^# m2 L8 o: a& o# k- `" G" G/ K1 ^6 } \$ M7 T
% N* f# S0 p1 N
Rejection of Authority1 J! v7 @1 p) j: ?
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance' @, f# M1 d% Y
121. Refusal of public support7 |3 B! \& o; K4 U( j* F- Z& {6 ^
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance6 Z7 J% N4 L! ^$ e. O
9 }& q. G* d" g' Z4 H5 O( yCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
8 t+ f) w y- w7 w' q3 z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies% W1 E! w1 W: O* c& |
124. Boycott of elections
6 S4 g9 N* H9 I/ ?7 J 125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 N @# r" I, r" N. V
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
2 ?+ d% z T& w9 B% s9 W1 H 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
9 M1 B* T' N$ e9 N 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
5 n( m1 L. f* m/ ?9 ?8 M 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" p: m! c$ A7 X, ~: A
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks: g: n9 O, T' e- n: j+ \5 d
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ S9 Y9 \5 r c- Y) A 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
( o6 h7 L+ N9 c0 ]$ c0 ^
8 y3 v& z# y- b: ~: @Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience$ W$ i" n0 U/ U/ D; ^
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 e# ?5 y* A7 E9 M" m 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
$ X0 j& h' l5 O6 H M6 h6 s 135. Popular nonobedience
% \% x- s4 ?4 E! o! r) M2 p0 E6 Q6 k 136. Disguised disobedience
7 `# z7 }) c7 X+ k% V0 ` Y! s& z 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
z% c+ i' X& M+ F( Z 138. Sitdown
( \ T5 {1 J5 w9 {# _% h4 Y. q2 B 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation1 `3 \3 {- h) y" p. c/ p
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 |1 e5 h9 m1 `+ K$ g1 [: n 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! i& c4 {2 G% W& ]+ W9 l4 e7 r6 e% x' s
Action by Government Personnel n z; [0 x5 G& [$ B/ @
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ f; ~$ l7 @% I! N0 T, n* |' n0 s
143. Blocking of lines of command and information6 E* c2 G( j5 k- ~: G& `: [
144. Stalling and obstruction
4 f. U2 i9 B4 X9 K 145. General administrative noncooperation
; W+ s! I+ Z: p3 X
9 w/ p6 \6 U+ y 146. Judicial noncooperation
4 R& R! T0 o, e+ K$ K' u, r 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
^6 A+ H, H3 n# f 148. Mutiny
4 u& K! I6 V/ S1 F$ ]2 Z" X" D rDomestic Governmental Action
( q" Q( i3 g+ I 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays- e) f( J# K/ \3 }9 L8 P5 w9 _
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: ^5 `8 v6 A& }- ~7 s
, u+ n+ Q# y3 LInternational Governmental Action
1 l u) W, \: E- q& ? 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
% u4 r; @: t2 p; T 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
+ [2 u% \/ S( T7 F 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
3 R- v2 E* O' W. \5 t 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
c; ?$ F: f3 X0 v1 z" H W8 i 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
4 t2 s( _3 V. z8 w 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies* ?' n- _+ S. U
157. Expulsion from international organizations
2 a: O3 @" L6 ]6 _% Q" }3 ^& U) ]! e' s" G% A& p- N: F+ Y5 F9 d
! l# X4 H: K/ g% K. s+ `
w4 M; @4 @' @& k7 y3 q* nTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
& M' a( i0 Q: ]+ z7 Y+ {- I2 }# }5 h& d$ ]
5 a8 S i, a$ `/ CPsychological Intervention8 x" k" n- y% ?3 P9 L6 w E# {
158. Self-exposure to the elements0 k/ p: |' t, S1 |$ e. h
159. The fast
- w0 ]6 k, h% ^/ h0 Q2 n a) Fast of moral pressure1 w( b& G6 ]& y/ W7 ?. U
b) Hunger strike( w) j7 w! Y% m2 Q1 [
c) Satyagrahic fast" P v1 ]/ ?% z8 I3 O3 F, N
160. Reverse trial
' V) C5 Y- \) d! n2 O3 B 161. Nonviolent harassment" a W* y" v' S0 G4 @, z/ u6 k
3 q7 @1 m& |; R; ?
Physical Intervention4 Q. v* @ G; S9 Z C
162. Sit-in
1 _% l3 E1 }# t$ |5 v6 O2 s 163. Stand-in& X+ Q: J) a6 e& ?1 ?
164. Ride-in1 s9 q- |3 F6 h* b4 ~
165. Wade-in
8 H. z2 g s! o" e 166. Mill-in/ H- V, X2 i* \: Y: W0 \+ @
167. Pray-in* V9 P5 {4 S, t2 Q
168. Nonviolent raids% n" {; S( }* B. j
169. Nonviolent air raids: n/ m: {& W3 v9 T4 ~: o4 }
170. Nonviolent invasion8 c$ E+ y# i) L& E5 V! o6 w
171. Nonviolent interjection
2 R. J2 d8 p7 S1 [; v- s1 \ 172. Nonviolent obstruction+ ~! n+ }4 ], Z% v# C4 G- M# V) _
173. Nonviolent occupation
! D# t5 D; [4 b J) {
8 w! J$ O* s1 xSocial Intervention
. S5 ^4 O- G* D% q 174. Establishing new social patterns4 D- x7 _' h) P& s# \7 p6 g
175. Overloading of facilities
+ ?* Y9 L0 v, }3 l' o" [; Q 176. Stall-in4 Y! y W2 ~( ]+ X3 b9 Z
177. Speak-in
/ I* j* E; `7 F B8 p 178. Guerrilla theater; B9 c8 [! c' Q' u
179. Alternative social institutions+ g# K, |5 U! a. I7 C8 m
180. Alternative communication system
; v$ L1 J4 p) I* n% J2 o9 h# F0 b1 B. Q4 ~8 {" y& E% n2 i
Economic Intervention
! \1 T- b; E, S, y2 `8 V 181. Reverse strike
' p$ ?- k+ L/ G- c# s 182. Stay-in strike. W! |2 K1 z: _! ^1 e! s
183. Nonviolent land seizure4 F7 D; ^7 L1 u% H7 Z
184. Defiance of blockades( i" W7 H8 G* H1 Y
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
0 _6 R6 F& Y. h4 d 186. Preclusive purchasing; K, f+ T8 P* i: P+ W
187. Seizure of assets
6 O9 K' N2 r( B- P& _- |# p; p 188. Dumping
) q# |6 ]6 @. ^! ]6 Y4 O7 u 189. Selective patronage
: P9 O* y& X8 m 190. Alternative markets+ h: n! u$ v! {
191. Alternative transportation systems
' m5 c- E7 ^3 O, ?: e 192. Alternative economic institutions
( {( [' s) _( X6 F; j7 ]
2 w/ n2 G1 E9 W8 {& ?/ UPolitical Intervention: g4 w5 n2 `7 `
193. Overloading of administrative systems* y& i# N8 x! f( k
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
/ ^: e2 t8 t! u' g) O 195. Seeking imprisonment6 I5 F4 j3 g3 X6 K' z6 q Z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, @ ~3 p; i9 ?5 ^* X6 _! F 197. Work-on without collaboration
1 j. ~' w1 M2 s% b2 ]( h7 F w 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
, I6 E! z+ V$ m
. Q0 x3 W- h+ J. [ |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
