 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION) y1 o2 X+ b' O: D# S# L* W, M
Formal Statements, s8 m* J9 A- b' Y/ b6 A( v# _
1. Public Speeches" C4 p. A8 F5 d/ @
2. Letters of opposition or support0 Z/ ~# q* J0 d2 U* _& v3 v/ V
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
# t6 S$ p. K' T! t* ~ 4. Signed public statements
6 g% ^/ x1 f7 t5 q2 ~ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 D( w9 c0 `4 d- ]6 a" e9 a
6. Group or mass petitions* e7 p+ ?1 T. h
9 b. o ^+ n/ m7 MCommunications with a Wider Audience3 [/ M4 H0 i+ @1 e1 W
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" t6 f& U, f& o" Y; Z
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications" C3 g$ m* t0 j# [" u" m/ R# g
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
+ G. b6 c u! o% S2 k4 x! l* d 10. Newspapers and journals8 J* u& [+ N" e o! f2 h3 {5 g
11. Records, radio, and television
w1 _* |$ Y7 b1 c2 T: y4 K 12. Skywriting and earthwriting5 [. a% Y$ Z7 F7 G4 G& f0 r i1 |
! q6 K5 \( x, o( V* q" AGroup Representations( y$ u8 A6 g, p( S/ m4 ^1 O. D. w
13. Deputations
- U: {$ H7 `% T$ @3 X 14. Mock awards
. q# _) g' \: { u 15. Group lobbying; U: Z3 n. D6 Q# u" A! p( d' Z
16. Picketing' c S1 `, B% g" m- k; t
17. Mock elections
6 e0 J! K( r4 I; M8 D8 m2 R4 }2 y' m$ k s/ z9 t( G+ f
Symbolic Public Acts
. G5 d L3 J8 m! z* T6 v! M 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ O. d p- @, E
19. Wearing of symbols" t# H: u1 p' h
20. Prayer and worship' p+ P$ i+ Z6 O2 }* @
21. Delivering symbolic objects
3 k/ S6 z/ k) u 22. Protest disrobings! u: J H7 Q( q/ F! @
23. Destruction of own property/ G% v6 K& N5 S4 O3 f$ R
24. Symbolic lights
' Y- Q$ ? q1 Q: d5 _8 Q 25. Displays of portraits& I1 ]1 |" S2 o
26. Paint as protest9 Q0 P, ^6 e0 t7 Q# @0 }
27. New signs and names# T+ r7 a; _* A) z0 b
28. Symbolic sounds* f* d P; }3 e/ q0 u* Z
29. Symbolic reclamations$ T2 D3 R- j, H1 \ b
30. Rude gestures$ l0 A3 @8 y+ r1 N+ ]
" o, u/ w8 h' V; v7 e @
Pressures on Individuals9 Y! i0 o' b& B: R z" B$ h
31. “Haunting” officials, N8 s8 r$ { c8 ~
32. Taunting officials; i) p( g; K. P# ]8 J' a P! _, F) V
33. Fraternization
, }- K8 y0 }$ X" J- _ 34. Vigils, C9 H) w7 _( a3 Z
: L, a% {& l) }0 Y9 I" RDrama and Music
- S% R/ F9 \, `4 y 35. Humorous skits and pranks3 p x- r/ R2 N9 x5 \3 Y, \! S
36. Performances of plays and music" C* b! x* h: s" @
37. Singing
. P( Q& q% Z, Q+ G8 F) D7 \$ ^! L2 P7 K" @! ^6 a- w8 U; y" j p
Processions; X$ d2 z, b# Y" ~; V
38. Marches$ \1 C0 H& |3 S2 m7 E
39. Parades1 d2 p7 [0 [0 E2 P' C
40. Religious processions. h# U2 P) A5 X' y# q1 }
41. Pilgrimages
1 U2 j( c. T* A. \ ] ]$ o/ k 42. Motorcades
* a+ e7 A* K* n) g) R& `: |/ u5 u; Y) E; M: l
Honoring the Dead
8 J n5 c* z! r! b 43. Political mourning
4 e8 m1 L3 L. j w+ l 44. Mock funerals
) D; M/ W0 t" A 45. Demonstrative funerals; s- A3 m! [: E& H( _
46. Homage at burial places. _$ Y' j# L) X' r* D0 K6 k4 A
- {8 u, B7 @7 K/ M& j9 T
Public Assemblies
0 _$ b5 q6 }2 X% J6 o 47. Assemblies of protest or support; F: i1 S3 r) X, c+ A9 H1 c
48. Protest meetings
9 J8 ?% w- p1 u' y( | 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 u, F8 j1 R% ?. i; M" x0 N7 q, i2 | 50. Teach-ins
' ^) y" f: B: w5 ~: r5 z, m
1 k0 k% V# K$ B; _0 E; v* {/ h- @Withdrawal and Renunciation
) O9 y- r4 y& s( c: _ 51. Walk-outs- X3 }7 E5 q. u. Q
52. Silence
0 `! b+ v+ q# R8 X* A7 X h 53. Renouncing honors
* p9 @6 z7 S7 Z 54. Turning one’s back6 u0 I+ q" v8 }0 X" }9 A) ^, X
8 r; [9 P+ f7 q$ ^1 K4 A! Q4 Y - j4 u4 |# A1 }" ] l& j* H( t
: o; Z1 N5 w% n* _2 U
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION0 d, q9 j/ V, g& P0 \( R
3 A- [6 u. c# `$ j; }( \0 J2 C1 l
6 O. m5 o& {1 W. h4 o7 x8 ?8 l1 m
2 p6 e5 d4 C2 }Ostracism of Persons
( Z1 r1 c! \; R. B! E 55. Social boycott' K5 s* V4 r6 a
56. Selective social boycott
* w/ {$ Q' [) \5 u 57. Lysistratic nonaction
, h2 k/ |: F9 u. M5 g2 t! ] 58. Excommunication
! D: j' j7 E* \5 y! |5 p 59. Interdict7 ]3 S$ ?( E% b; f
, m+ c' K c' o0 G7 ~, P) ~
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 C# h* Y% ]# ^3 z* ~ 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
8 C. `) E: o4 N0 C2 _5 T) S) p$ q 61. Boycott of social affairs
7 y; r7 A* J; w; C* a 62. Student strike
: k0 d! U" Y0 F; N0 U9 F 63. Social disobedience
3 H4 G6 P$ Z" _: Y. ]/ } 64. Withdrawal from social institutions) o n T: W' `2 f% o
5 E0 v. }5 u" H5 L/ R6 |% x
Withdrawal from the Social System
6 q/ S; [+ M! s3 V5 S5 G( K2 d9 b 65. Stay-at-home$ |5 m( I" b8 f( L; ]4 \( ]! H
66. Total personal noncooperation
2 x8 y, d/ W. C' j+ A+ S7 G 67. “Flight” of workers) M+ i9 I0 f( n* ~+ J2 U
68. Sanctuary
/ c4 r9 \, l& k& X9 w! a. Z: k1 C 69. Collective disappearance- P# m. Y$ d, n1 Q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
" K7 W& n, C. ~% C) s% W, K7 P" R6 S$ m
# R+ F" T S: q" R8 a0 R" M ~4 c7 _- H
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS* a; s0 C: b9 E- z8 s5 g
8 g1 K% @7 k4 m# }7 L7 i / N5 p1 H; W( \( c9 Z
Actions by Consumers
1 G- [8 j. ~0 ] 71. Consumers’ boycott3 k0 Y$ `" D6 @) N9 D9 j" }: f- n
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
! i3 O4 L, [- \ q% E8 b 73. Policy of austerity+ A( L! G1 @! z* h; ?6 f' g' L: L
74. Rent withholding
& l: ^1 A6 I: P 75. Refusal to rent: S; U o; ~* G r. u! l7 b- \
76. National consumers’ boycott* H( m2 M/ C1 K4 p$ }
77. International consumers’ boycott0 Q8 d9 Q% c0 }6 ?0 s/ o! D1 H
1 ?0 u* g, Z) k2 K8 v
Action by Workers and Producers. f. Q! |( e$ c( X% ]7 Z2 y Y
78. Workmen’s boycott
$ W- J' M, f6 L6 w3 A+ { 79. Producers’ boycott$ `+ v! |$ b& R
[& ?# Y9 r) k/ j; E3 c
Action by Middlemen# }+ f: B: ^) _: R
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% ^) C& m0 |6 A
) ]/ n8 O. L% [1 [( ]$ AAction by Owners and Management, ]( I. r6 z6 ?. ~6 r
81. Traders’ boycott' k" g5 b% N( ]5 N( d" p/ p
82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 \# X3 |8 t( s( v" @# t 83. Lockout
$ @4 {: [) u* J* A 84. Refusal of industrial assistance" N) V5 E6 r1 y* E" V
85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 S5 C9 r ]/ g
6 c8 X% {+ ]- LAction by Holders of Financial Resources
- q/ L! X$ P m; d a 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits4 C0 s: R: t8 D7 }4 g! Q# M
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments7 i3 t7 Y: K* H* ~- {; c/ ^* [0 p
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
8 }" ?4 G/ X) N5 u- W4 y, H1 d 89. Severance of funds and credit
. @3 N6 F" Z+ ?" O7 X7 z8 p 90. Revenue refusal! v C3 X5 ^; ~
91. Refusal of a government’s money
8 v' y2 h" S, ?$ U9 g1 k2 K, n$ F9 l7 S5 _0 s
Action by Governments" J" _( L0 g3 F
92. Domestic embargo, y$ ^5 \" ?6 l( \
93. Blacklisting of traders' ?) C4 }2 Q' d) p7 x
94. International sellers’ embargo
8 {5 r% M" q$ d; J 95. International buyers’ embargo
; B0 Q- Y0 h! M/ u. M5 Q% W. F 96. International trade embargo; m1 D# [# R) l+ d6 s
9 h# j' g, U" Y8 Z: `9 Y( x ( e2 m2 v; |# u; i
7 y$ K$ N3 u* L* a9 c
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
7 }* {0 w0 v' e2 ]
5 w, T/ m+ T; U4 r
( P& \5 r+ U0 {$ H* iSymbolic Strikes
/ O" D) E1 X% f' T; v& k+ ~ 97. Protest strike
# J+ ?8 @$ Z6 ]. m 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
+ X4 J* e1 t) G8 ]; T8 V4 X
' @/ H" g* E' C4 f, J0 `. vAgricultural Strikes7 Q0 ?7 C3 d( Z5 B% ^6 n6 M. j
99. Peasant strike
, `. W, p: y$ h' }5 o2 _" R 100. Farm Workers’ strike
" {2 f2 r) {2 c7 w, ^5 R; b3 u$ N5 b/ y5 A8 K4 F$ Y* I X- m& e
Strikes by Special Groups
1 x. q9 Q$ O) a" `- F" v# ^ 101. Refusal of impressed labor" n v$ U# p# |% a. H
102. Prisoners’ strike
: y) }$ \) r4 J 103. Craft strike& t& v: h, L! }" k( G
104. Professional strike
# V$ ^" x' T. F$ k
" h: l* y! i% a& P5 iOrdinary Industrial Strikes1 N w) l% N0 U3 o% \2 k4 O
105. Establishment strike( D7 L! k5 \' V9 X; E9 o
106. Industry strike! W* t* ~. W5 _% @/ o
107. Sympathetic strike
, S: G7 V+ }. Z. y/ o# [/ h* \; V
7 J M0 X i! I3 CRestricted Strikes& K' b* u" h9 ~8 J, o
108. Detailed strike
) a/ t% u. f' O% I6 m 109. Bumper strike
! W. `0 x5 w _. H4 e 110. Slowdown strike
2 ^* G- j, V B6 {5 @3 g4 R7 n 111. Working-to-rule strike
7 x$ c$ Z8 |+ z B2 J. b7 _: T 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)% U: S ~: P5 b. Q$ N! K: \6 v
113. Strike by resignation
' ~0 N) W" ~: \ 114. Limited strike- v: q- `3 V+ p; y0 ~) d9 p
115. Selective strike9 R; V8 c/ x- V: }! ~4 e; x
& y" ?) K* x8 D" t$ e( M
Multi-Industry Strikes
# G; N+ J* g' j7 q8 A* O% z4 J+ d1 W% {; f( e
116. Generalized strike& Y, B' {9 L- {: w' H6 M. m
/ b4 e) Q! A1 G$ s 117. General strike
5 t. w- ?- d! ~# f7 }% a$ L" l4 S) c5 s3 X) Z
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures& r/ r% U+ N+ k0 d1 I
i( D- L5 }" W `% d3 f
118. Hartal$ ^2 }6 T1 X9 v/ j3 `
, A1 F; p) ]; @( k- C) K8 n. `8 d 119. Economic shutdown% F& o9 Z" a: J' U- H+ n6 b; \
2 q; R$ k# T7 N6 F' L
8 v, U) b3 d) w% D8 M1 k+ O0 b$ m
$ b* W1 i s6 Y3 V( Q! }5 VTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION8 \$ @- F6 q$ M" v% X
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Rejection of Authority" {4 o0 Y; r. w4 t
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance( J- y" [. [# J8 I: q+ [
121. Refusal of public support
$ n; i: Z& Q) j- m5 j. g$ g h 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
4 [$ i. g9 T: }- |. [/ s0 R- P
3 ]4 V' V4 [$ n" eCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
6 f0 f; C' x% f 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
- n T- u+ T: u' u% A% e( M4 l 124. Boycott of elections+ O% t1 t7 m4 i( B
125. Boycott of government employment and positions }/ N, h! ^1 }
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
5 O s4 \% o, _! ~; a 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- N& |; |7 |3 t5 O7 K
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
d& d4 ^! B6 A# B# @( U' k 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents/ J$ S. o: j; K" R' T4 C5 \6 Q
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks2 \( {. o# m/ a' Q R# ~9 O% _
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
# q% W) \5 ]0 L1 ]6 s4 g 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
8 }- X* `( N, Q( z5 b; a. x! @7 [
1 N. ], r- _# E$ Z7 j S7 e% A5 S4 TCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, b0 ^+ s7 d# O/ w( A 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
. K% i0 n& Z6 M5 | 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- \, G8 y! h9 \6 T! l& ^ 135. Popular nonobedience; J3 G" e' X0 s# {" u
136. Disguised disobedience
4 X& C0 \$ p* s! f$ V 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse6 w% @3 h! h* m9 u1 f- C# q
138. Sitdown
9 h6 j- `5 {3 A: W8 d& _ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation4 u* s+ C% s; X7 t) ]
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities O' v( \' j6 F, m+ s( j# z) P
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws* O6 g7 s6 _% _) c% P
+ [3 i9 }: c% ]8 i
Action by Government Personnel6 h# J' v1 z. Y! b1 F8 A7 _6 m
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides2 K: y5 x" c$ `0 I2 X$ K6 i3 Z( `8 ^
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
: x+ h _" Y- I. B$ A! t4 o; @" Q& ? 144. Stalling and obstruction
+ [9 E( a' T) U) K 145. General administrative noncooperation
& n/ K9 e. D# B V2 I( |9 T
9 [+ f( ^- i. L2 ^ 146. Judicial noncooperation
& H; B; y6 K, u) K& Z- X 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents! N1 L) L0 ~9 Y$ E: B
148. Mutiny
" q7 [. {/ M' N8 L' o! q7 {Domestic Governmental Action: f; `# i. @! D/ q8 W
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays8 w. P D9 z* X( k; D, i$ S% P
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units a* b2 {6 q, H
$ r( k+ a6 S/ y1 S: |( H: `International Governmental Action
: `6 j8 k7 w8 n7 V3 a8 M 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations0 I6 e. H. z! h1 h/ @; u. H; n
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events; V) Y! |8 s# s$ p8 J+ z& u% }
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
) a) t: ]- t' o* g' e1 P& \ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
# g4 R2 [8 L8 l% x; R" q 155. Withdrawal from international organizations( J& z' |( |) |8 d6 J* C
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies8 C9 a& R3 U. y
157. Expulsion from international organizations: F& J' Z: |1 u4 m" w1 x
6 i/ M: a, ^0 C6 n5 ~$ o% q3 @
8 b8 B2 z0 S) K# s" s& q- Y* c
0 a O5 W9 M( m6 Z" ]THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION9 B# J p3 n4 a& X+ `: i
* X4 D1 K$ x7 f: c # h4 Q3 r' K p5 M+ g* u% H8 `
Psychological Intervention& t& `( Z2 ~. L# @9 A- [
158. Self-exposure to the elements! C) H# T5 Z( d, ]5 _
159. The fast
, d& d7 V; M' q: j; X% r+ c a) Fast of moral pressure
# j# ^7 K# D1 Q: C, ` b) Hunger strike& p) A$ n& ]# k& ~- h ^
c) Satyagrahic fast
) ?! n$ p1 N3 ?& f5 i4 _* \, Y 160. Reverse trial
- C! r2 @ S- p 161. Nonviolent harassment y8 i: t k& G2 x- W' c) N
# `, O' R+ ]5 b d2 V8 sPhysical Intervention4 \: H+ R) y: p' r
162. Sit-in( t p; j: v0 W4 T3 `' O
163. Stand-in
z3 h' A7 W5 J8 m& h8 T/ ~7 F 164. Ride-in
0 y5 T4 p$ }3 Q/ _8 X$ e9 X 165. Wade-in# V4 l+ f! p9 J2 H- ~8 {0 `
166. Mill-in
6 k. l; m; Z3 H* ]7 M7 U9 Z 167. Pray-in" i; B2 P5 T" \
168. Nonviolent raids
" a' c6 H% C9 W$ z' ^+ E/ P7 t 169. Nonviolent air raids$ i! s7 z4 ~/ Q7 y$ O' _3 f5 d
170. Nonviolent invasion
$ B2 E" h9 g4 E Z 171. Nonviolent interjection
( {* g. j1 K/ S/ k, J" u$ a# T 172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 }$ U8 ^# t: ^" K$ W* x) I) m# S 173. Nonviolent occupation* R- Y! c/ [- b4 W5 s+ e5 X
9 i8 _) ]0 d! t3 g$ h/ `Social Intervention5 n* j% [6 y8 ~/ ?/ E
174. Establishing new social patterns
: U8 P% Z/ J: b2 c( ~) ]* S6 a$ R 175. Overloading of facilities* `; M I& h6 K1 s8 z4 Y: i
176. Stall-in6 X& B$ H0 u& E' q: P
177. Speak-in2 C# V& {$ a: q( s
178. Guerrilla theater" Z2 f7 t7 X) b( `. ^( ~
179. Alternative social institutions, ~. M$ X; Y' |5 g& s/ U0 H/ m
180. Alternative communication system
/ U' n+ Q) I7 ]) Q% b% L
, K+ b9 b+ |* k, P9 Z9 H: E; QEconomic Intervention
' e3 ]9 @* s7 n* K6 { 181. Reverse strike
L" c6 c B- q 182. Stay-in strike
, P6 F/ X- _4 y" E 183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ ^- [7 ~* Y6 F; i: Q 184. Defiance of blockades
6 M0 K" g2 r8 @+ V& C( n 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
: s' t3 L! t* V- g9 {4 x 186. Preclusive purchasing+ t# m- j, ~( j# ?3 Y L1 l( U% e
187. Seizure of assets3 k3 u# I; J/ O& O
188. Dumping
4 w$ Q1 Z( b! ~; | 189. Selective patronage* [( I7 ]% H* }. V
190. Alternative markets3 v! J2 X9 K; s5 D
191. Alternative transportation systems
$ r6 A. _5 P- v 192. Alternative economic institutions
" i4 K) Y3 I5 @ x2 L) K% ]& b6 q) A7 I- t9 c2 F0 h- J
Political Intervention8 C4 r6 B2 Y" j! V3 y, X6 x8 E
193. Overloading of administrative systems
! |5 H0 S& h3 k/ [2 y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
% M7 c( O! e4 }* Q p" V( w1 [# L p 195. Seeking imprisonment; L# m$ a) D2 I/ M2 }* h, Y$ T$ \* w
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 o1 f3 d( c1 }! X5 V 197. Work-on without collaboration: e* V, e$ J) {7 J- j) @
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 m3 S) V4 K( y6 r6 o
2 x: U, ]8 {! ^- C$ x
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
