 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION E' \" ]0 |9 L1 _* G7 B
Formal Statements
- y* M; J5 E: \9 t: H, G# T 1. Public Speeches
2 r. w) Q5 S& Q' Z 2. Letters of opposition or support
5 O0 p+ _1 h' { 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( n7 E' f4 Y+ D l6 Y
4. Signed public statements7 Y; p( h& k8 K, E
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! H+ {) ^* U% k7 Z1 `! x# T 6. Group or mass petitions
# M. J( q( M3 d; T. ?2 a& s7 i" s3 S9 w U
Communications with a Wider Audience0 S! O& d/ {. q6 h5 @7 H5 w
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols& G5 e, k( `- Z$ V2 A$ O/ O L
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
* i" g R# k4 O" @# E# U b 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, C' |8 U5 y- ? q W/ E/ a2 x
10. Newspapers and journals) A, S# |! A. D
11. Records, radio, and television
9 v5 B/ B3 v6 c+ }9 y1 l0 f% l" g 12. Skywriting and earthwriting6 q7 G( ^/ y) O
6 n6 ^: [/ j! GGroup Representations
% T* b2 j8 N0 _2 p 13. Deputations$ y) s4 L# J$ Y1 \8 `* [
14. Mock awards
+ Q$ E* D" @; U* B: v/ { 15. Group lobbying
" c: [% o6 k7 `' U6 ]0 M8 `' I) B 16. Picketing
/ |! G/ j7 D, o3 |( G0 | 17. Mock elections ]6 ^5 L8 ^6 y6 [. X! @
- H1 v9 w4 K4 USymbolic Public Acts
" y6 A8 e7 f7 A, x- D" i 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# ~0 p. S% e' k. A. t2 G! {; i
19. Wearing of symbols9 M, ?4 e% z- a, }/ Q3 t
20. Prayer and worship
9 d4 E7 y/ O4 W; i- p! E; J! ] 21. Delivering symbolic objects2 }1 ]! i, G3 ^& }. N8 B" @$ y$ k
22. Protest disrobings
, s% }, Z& a3 R" q" O7 d1 i 23. Destruction of own property
" U# L6 N" i2 z, `* B5 m9 d 24. Symbolic lights
6 N$ W6 ~1 u9 |# I" k* J; d* u4 N 25. Displays of portraits, ~% s6 n1 M* L# M* Z. x( t$ s" v ^
26. Paint as protest4 {5 R% a+ _& f9 @, S. g
27. New signs and names
/ Y! }. N# p1 j' y7 L$ V- P 28. Symbolic sounds o# P+ ~2 ^2 L6 W2 a
29. Symbolic reclamations; `- v/ P6 M& d. p1 F) G
30. Rude gestures
6 Y% u, t$ r$ d k& _, B' i/ b5 k
- P# I# L1 S" W7 d' w0 J. h# D: DPressures on Individuals) ~$ o+ ^+ f2 t( N. y2 U
31. “Haunting” officials
) ?/ B- h5 ~/ U3 i2 K( H- Q 32. Taunting officials! [6 Y# J' {+ D( i) A
33. Fraternization4 _. }0 f5 I* a
34. Vigils
. K$ m4 x; F% f2 k! U2 O( k* ^# K D' A" U
Drama and Music$ x; n, z! ~3 w2 L! k5 ?
35. Humorous skits and pranks
* E6 g% b5 c( n 36. Performances of plays and music
* R$ y' Z6 ^2 j) ^ e 37. Singing
, K" C, l! W7 d2 H" k5 X
( y4 k z E- b4 c$ ^Processions
4 ]8 L" t/ ]8 k* ?! c8 [& g3 b* O) q8 J 38. Marches
1 F! o' G% ]( s: O* ^ 39. Parades
- ~2 p f. Z( H4 W1 V( m 40. Religious processions6 |9 e" P1 ?/ i
41. Pilgrimages
( K1 F) R$ w \3 T" G% _ 42. Motorcades
$ E. Y+ A7 J( ~( U
: L- ^0 m% E q- HHonoring the Dead
, w% t( ~* s! Y 43. Political mourning) g* t! z# ^) ?5 d! j4 `2 `8 z
44. Mock funerals
1 F& D5 q; C9 i- ~: C e 45. Demonstrative funerals
5 e! ?: S0 t. Q- O( n3 k) F 46. Homage at burial places
0 S5 ]2 _7 e/ T3 ^4 A& @/ I4 a3 y# a6 y$ s3 j& k3 }
Public Assemblies: H+ H$ t0 M6 F+ v) Z% t( N
47. Assemblies of protest or support7 `& B2 u) x Y6 J1 `5 a
48. Protest meetings
$ H: z- P# `* `" w" a 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
, V6 ]! r; ^' F4 k 50. Teach-ins
# b9 h' ^2 f7 w6 C2 U! y; ?/ T7 P6 ]% E3 ]: w% H1 s4 Y, g
Withdrawal and Renunciation
. |4 O. X$ |% r: T! U 51. Walk-outs
9 Y5 I4 Z+ w" p7 Y 52. Silence! q3 H9 o% t" D; l6 ?
53. Renouncing honors3 u7 s$ o. y0 b8 h4 A
54. Turning one’s back
% ]( p7 O& O$ y) V' f; y+ r! P. C
1 M; I( D" i. Z& V9 W & Q; F+ i; p% u
9 f& `# b d; RTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
% U; d) X* ~/ i( u+ A+ e3 B* G+ T( r" c
8 D2 F3 `/ w$ u" n' k }% w$ a" Y0 ^$ f/ U8 T. V1 F
Ostracism of Persons
7 q; K5 X* @( F' Q1 y( b3 ~5 b 55. Social boycott6 K8 d( z- D) y% d4 m
56. Selective social boycott# o7 b$ G' X$ H1 n/ U! x! v! l) n4 N2 n
57. Lysistratic nonaction5 Z0 D7 z! w. }# Q& F
58. Excommunication
( X3 v) N$ m6 s" u4 P5 P5 H$ i. T6 B 59. Interdict
+ Q Q* ? G' {2 z# m( C+ R4 A. _9 m- q+ Y% ]
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 h' _( @% L% P# y9 f/ y 60. Suspension of social and sports activities8 H% d1 { ] R+ O9 B% F% P
61. Boycott of social affairs
7 a- k+ \5 V4 q+ h! O 62. Student strike
+ q1 J) ^ V9 X2 z0 p 63. Social disobedience
# S7 U2 `9 Z0 q3 p% ?1 u 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 d: w# B1 ?; ^: l8 _
8 M- z7 V5 ]0 F. ], u2 N4 zWithdrawal from the Social System
* z$ l. ?, w- H' o3 S' n" Z( v) | 65. Stay-at-home& b4 V# t$ R9 p
66. Total personal noncooperation* ^! G ?; R: i4 @
67. “Flight” of workers
; X# [1 ]3 r; g% @- z8 B4 S 68. Sanctuary
7 h0 |! S+ ?' \: b' q1 V0 r 69. Collective disappearance
2 D \ t; M4 R" e+ h 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
( Z" k1 H8 }/ r6 g
3 a( T% s1 y) M3 y
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8 h" \; G+ l" [6 [" e0 {THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
& B2 G7 y# c$ X# u6 o; x5 y) l
( b* Q3 k' f- F9 y0 Z# m
/ E m( N3 b, X. {# {Actions by Consumers
- _2 w5 t7 e/ I: x% @" f; y5 P 71. Consumers’ boycott
7 f" }: ?6 i' K, X 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods6 Y. @! ~' b7 V3 `8 d
73. Policy of austerity. V( H5 ?7 P2 d; Q. z
74. Rent withholding
7 S; o# C# v" \: t 75. Refusal to rent2 v* V3 y. L* U3 F, Q% Q; O9 K
76. National consumers’ boycott( `3 @8 w) R5 I. Z0 p, U8 z+ C
77. International consumers’ boycott# ]5 B( I) y, N/ Z
, G8 e) t& l% N7 f+ Y. VAction by Workers and Producers+ {% s" @! F" n
78. Workmen’s boycott4 ]" }1 \5 q8 p3 u# V. w
79. Producers’ boycott
+ c; }: d4 w' L6 Y: M. S& s8 E
Action by Middlemen4 P ^2 A, W* g+ |" n
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott( c' b) o* g+ y0 i: Y) R& T7 X) ]% `
# g5 I$ y. a6 H# W; L
Action by Owners and Management
5 t; ~2 l, i2 K( _, ^ 81. Traders’ boycott
$ d! M( u+ i& t. @: [7 }5 e, u- w9 O 82. Refusal to let or sell property1 h$ Y0 c8 c5 U
83. Lockout% T c. L' I& N$ n, S: |
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
+ f' T3 A" A/ G5 m 85. Merchants’ “general strike”( s& w$ |8 {+ r+ V
* \8 X* { g: x8 U ]+ \9 ]
Action by Holders of Financial Resources8 y; |0 b$ ~' H/ C5 n0 I' N! A8 u
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits% ^) ^8 c$ U; K$ ~0 @+ v9 i7 d# W* t
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
3 {; |6 U# e" k! F* D 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest, l% j' K4 h; Z( a, n" ^
89. Severance of funds and credit
x, S+ s$ ~: e1 W 90. Revenue refusal
$ R2 Q- p6 ?5 ~; B+ F 91. Refusal of a government’s money
/ Z$ [& m; Y5 k7 ~7 ]" m4 K G7 _# t0 c
Action by Governments, Q( D4 m6 j# o; E @
92. Domestic embargo# V- `! n8 G7 P. E2 b+ z5 _2 E6 O
93. Blacklisting of traders9 F1 i5 r6 h$ M5 B1 l' I6 z
94. International sellers’ embargo
+ h5 b' Z+ Y7 M" O' d 95. International buyers’ embargo! R+ {" @8 h% p
96. International trade embargo9 U8 @1 K; t7 @% s9 w8 C6 o& R
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* Q- v& V3 z k( ? dTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE3 b' u. G G7 _8 F
6 H: h x, S" S1 s3 {; @. L $ e4 }; i5 w* R2 B: ~$ H0 @( I
Symbolic Strikes
* W2 ~ u1 q8 W2 ] 97. Protest strike* S! y$ p( H' g3 ], ^) f0 U* {) Z" R; |
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
; J) }7 s% `3 r- z; H& m3 U U, r/ j+ T9 t. D+ v7 c1 F' V
Agricultural Strikes
6 C6 u x/ f+ x( ? 99. Peasant strike% ~% z! M# n9 J5 b& Q5 K- t
100. Farm Workers’ strike
) T. e$ O; K! p2 o& q# _9 H8 F! I3 J/ }7 d2 U% v3 p5 B
Strikes by Special Groups
6 H8 T5 ]- ^: L$ i 101. Refusal of impressed labor
, P- K( \. S2 _% T5 T9 n 102. Prisoners’ strike
; I! K; P: X: T( [" x 103. Craft strike
: Z9 T7 i& M0 p t 104. Professional strike% |' d* ?& ?& E3 m
) a3 R) x( z3 o6 j' p( IOrdinary Industrial Strikes. T! V2 u( r/ X0 f/ K1 ^
105. Establishment strike
& x# v$ l3 M- I) m5 l% x 106. Industry strike+ F3 S: ~0 j+ F& W! e& e
107. Sympathetic strike; Z7 ^9 G% s5 v: Y+ ]" Z7 u q
$ ^0 ?( F/ P ^, n: h, U
Restricted Strikes" R; n( k9 C, w/ @5 A" j& b
108. Detailed strike
/ {: _. I( h. K0 E9 ` 109. Bumper strike" c# I2 d. }% Y1 O; `# a2 J
110. Slowdown strike8 n3 U$ p N# t$ j4 e; g, Z
111. Working-to-rule strike2 p9 f: d0 k8 _! Y# ]* W& w1 S
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 I4 M# j. f7 c' m: u6 Y 113. Strike by resignation2 c" r x$ r+ }
114. Limited strike
+ K8 f+ R; v/ g) D9 ~& `$ ] 115. Selective strike
7 k8 t8 A) }) {. g5 O* _% }) \, M& ]+ q* s4 @, A. z
Multi-Industry Strikes
4 _8 G x# N, V3 G
4 f5 ?9 v r, c* s# Z5 g) G 116. Generalized strike
! I2 q0 _+ Q4 G1 Z( Q) V8 d) Q
& s. T( n9 N# K( F7 l, N6 } 117. General strike% w7 m, Y) E4 G: o9 b
) {- H* X8 c0 ~% ~
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- b. X( U! {4 F3 T1 S# ~4 d0 D
3 _2 L7 Z- N# @ 118. Hartal
+ Y t6 o8 B& t* K: k4 Y' J
- c. ?# i3 C2 r 119. Economic shutdown
+ ~" n7 A z+ a7 f W" B
% ?8 x5 s6 x# j; p* ]+ K9 w7 S
6 N) u) X+ W$ F1 ^$ m7 \! @
# ]6 [4 [5 m. U+ \) ^6 P7 aTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" J" f6 w1 _9 o! C& v2 Y( W
" [$ G0 [* Q! G/ ?/ ~6 d1 ~. N
* x* o: A8 y& z" d5 eRejection of Authority
/ S- g2 W( w4 N m% u. H 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance6 t6 `2 C4 e+ X( \/ X' ?
121. Refusal of public support" V4 a6 d$ V0 b2 u
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
1 u$ Q! R2 v- _* ?. @, h a- P. _, p# x! c. z) i! b( \
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government" B7 e: M8 \& V! C( s5 Q2 y! l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies; r" a1 t& k! V8 O
124. Boycott of elections8 M1 `% j; X- K, B$ G( w8 R
125. Boycott of government employment and positions5 P/ C9 V3 @( {
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ [" X" R/ `2 Q7 j( { 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions. e0 k, a2 L8 n' J9 J0 y2 |- _0 }
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
# v) u0 F; v1 `5 t. R$ a. l0 G% ? 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents' A% `. W$ J; s& K6 @
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" x, q: Z! t" w4 G7 m! O# a 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 F: V F$ d) h
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions8 ~ q) x% _) E. S0 Y9 @
. N5 f) {* e, O! J$ W
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ p4 u/ ^! m8 D- w
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
4 s! ]: C. z+ m7 k' X8 j 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision( E2 m7 t* H- d
135. Popular nonobedience
1 B5 P0 I+ n M+ I8 N' W 136. Disguised disobedience
) E$ ^ N. E V 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse4 u; e% J- h1 [3 K
138. Sitdown
) X) ~; q0 x* [! H 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation" p- D3 E# x! Q2 ~7 K' p
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ x5 j9 J% q" H* _# @5 c6 }( r" C 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ j, e9 S9 R+ k0 ~* R. [$ H/ x/ c/ \2 a1 E$ S2 C
Action by Government Personnel/ k, D' d2 m& v6 [( d+ U
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* b0 i1 Y/ V- }% C. W* W- n5 h 143. Blocking of lines of command and information! K: ^( E C3 }5 ?. Q: i& e- E% v
144. Stalling and obstruction% r: s1 w& j& U* y7 x
145. General administrative noncooperation) \4 e# P' ]8 I6 e T
7 e$ B" t, e1 Z2 ^! \
146. Judicial noncooperation1 X9 O) J9 y; ]
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
& f, t) z5 F/ ^9 ~ 148. Mutiny$ p! t+ Q4 k/ B3 z1 e
Domestic Governmental Action
! b& @) X3 |4 E: E: A( M 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
, z' Y: ~) a+ @. k7 U 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
p8 j: A, A7 P4 l0 Q0 E
, \" D( \3 B# T( HInternational Governmental Action8 Z( R% T3 ~& k! u
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
; }( O- y/ K! w) e/ b 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events6 P2 D% m% D' k
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition) r3 k: @6 l* B7 n$ b' }+ }
154. Severance of diplomatic relations, A' J1 p/ B; T) |8 `
155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 k/ X8 M2 @, W% f; d3 z
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
- X( i8 K/ {3 e/ \ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
+ [ P8 F3 R# O; x/ }
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! }+ S% t4 @; B$ _$ H5 P: Z3 n2 f. U# d o5 j
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
) l. V; S! e; G4 }
/ c( u# H' ?5 J* ` 3 a1 z& A2 D9 Y0 W6 F
Psychological Intervention
( q, W3 U$ D$ o0 g, A* i 158. Self-exposure to the elements H' c( @; J- w6 K" V
159. The fast2 O) A4 \" S2 q P9 C. I( W& A$ s* s
a) Fast of moral pressure
6 R4 ~8 Z, X7 @4 l: _/ m b) Hunger strike
* P8 k- x* v( w: ]2 i0 n6 E c) Satyagrahic fast
9 J; ?6 s! b/ x( j3 }: B 160. Reverse trial
+ F' I) t5 ~) ~8 J; w# z 161. Nonviolent harassment
( x& n4 ]! ]1 d; |9 A6 N% V" h+ V0 Z* g+ R4 [3 v
Physical Intervention
8 C" T2 |2 ]* B2 O# ? 162. Sit-in
* L& W# }9 }4 J& R% p/ N; M6 l 163. Stand-in; g+ r: a4 o9 D& k, R0 F3 M* Z8 n4 d
164. Ride-in8 P/ m; {" Y" k- H: P+ K- ^9 ^' u/ g
165. Wade-in' w8 S9 Q+ K6 j6 T7 t; y
166. Mill-in
- s; ~# L$ b! y- o/ z! B. { 167. Pray-in q. d4 u2 N1 S$ \! O8 f
168. Nonviolent raids
) D7 r6 P3 O8 w% P5 S 169. Nonviolent air raids" R. d! S( O, }8 Z6 e; t" M! ?
170. Nonviolent invasion
1 J# i6 n( t3 N7 A 171. Nonviolent interjection% K" R( m- o, X
172. Nonviolent obstruction7 x! V- E8 [( j A) G$ T9 S
173. Nonviolent occupation
3 r' g; G. d( F, f# K, N4 _9 \ s5 q6 F9 K
Social Intervention& N6 @- K; v6 _5 `7 \( }' t6 C
174. Establishing new social patterns7 t; c0 H, i% u. ^% W
175. Overloading of facilities
& r% _* s! ~/ k5 P 176. Stall-in
, J6 G3 e- F3 n 177. Speak-in- C: g7 h3 o1 m5 f( `
178. Guerrilla theater, [7 X* ?& D$ l8 u# n* v0 ]# j- R
179. Alternative social institutions( U6 x. @- s$ [ B/ r5 Z
180. Alternative communication system5 H9 L9 F1 E' x
! m; Q) L7 i3 ~
Economic Intervention
! t$ M1 E0 M0 X- u: N 181. Reverse strike) O& T6 V+ y0 D+ c
182. Stay-in strike/ Z& A% b$ x0 Z w
183. Nonviolent land seizure0 P0 T2 x1 ~4 u6 G6 B7 d
184. Defiance of blockades
7 ^$ a, R2 \& g ]) \3 \ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting8 i# F, q0 }1 c5 p8 d
186. Preclusive purchasing
1 j- l& _: q2 H, k+ o 187. Seizure of assets+ W* `0 ~5 ?. s* g
188. Dumping
2 h2 X1 i9 _% x, ~& X5 K 189. Selective patronage! B' L" O* f7 d; b! i0 J
190. Alternative markets
% ^' h. E6 F5 b% @: g7 x! U+ i& c 191. Alternative transportation systems
$ B2 D/ U; b ` 192. Alternative economic institutions
9 E2 ~& x @" y% |! Q: J
/ H$ `2 F0 X# q: f A! j @Political Intervention% X1 ~3 w9 z. U, X2 ?: u3 c
193. Overloading of administrative systems. c- J0 N+ W" ]1 D% Y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents! U! s w1 C: ~8 v0 f9 ^1 @% @# o% ]
195. Seeking imprisonment
2 z- [. y& h; U8 l' M2 m( y 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
& s+ U1 h9 P, N5 f: t 197. Work-on without collaboration0 }/ Y$ G. @& a5 i
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government V) Y8 b$ r' J, C; S! ?0 V
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
