 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION- L! v; j; i7 @) i9 E
Formal Statements$ l+ s5 f' \* H1 ?0 `/ g9 h
1. Public Speeches
2 J' W3 _, y5 T' \ 2. Letters of opposition or support
! k9 Y$ ~/ u% S: t: x0 Q 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
0 l' `/ Q! N) W1 @ 4. Signed public statements& `+ s' ` Z; @1 t$ v. _0 N
5. Declarations of indictment and intention4 b) u& g0 L* p& v2 K1 b
6. Group or mass petitions3 S6 {* ^1 `1 i: f, J, W
8 b' @3 J2 K6 w( a4 S
Communications with a Wider Audience& s# x6 g: M h6 h7 b# r
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
$ ~/ O4 [; D" W, j- q/ t% f1 S 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications5 Y% w5 a6 G& p8 W) q4 ]& F
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 Q1 Z# } a% D' e f
10. Newspapers and journals
7 ^; |) J F4 W R 11. Records, radio, and television" e$ K9 D9 d$ o/ {8 C8 b# Y0 H0 L
12. Skywriting and earthwriting1 v0 ?1 f, V. H3 N8 ?( f; C8 F
$ M) N, U5 r- J% _3 J8 z" YGroup Representations
2 T5 y9 { V4 o2 d! `! |; x 13. Deputations
- U: u% f Q3 t5 p8 } 14. Mock awards
& _* Y# Q$ h: z7 `# Q$ _. ] 15. Group lobbying
4 s2 f& l4 A- H. n; q 16. Picketing
, V/ I8 y% ?$ C7 D7 O 17. Mock elections
1 v" s/ f$ `, ]4 r! y% E6 W
# `+ D X7 y6 w rSymbolic Public Acts2 _' ~7 G6 V& k0 E. |5 \
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# t6 v |$ L) N6 W. |
19. Wearing of symbols" ^# i( M3 M- F6 `$ [. e. Z5 }
20. Prayer and worship
, O! W" _0 H: b. ` 21. Delivering symbolic objects
+ x4 F- Y$ G. @4 n. S! P# h$ Z 22. Protest disrobings: }+ ` V. A( h4 ~6 @
23. Destruction of own property
$ L7 {: E+ b' V8 s g 24. Symbolic lights) r% U6 [ q( Q- y. L
25. Displays of portraits
$ F$ L/ y1 i7 _3 k! p 26. Paint as protest
% X" p/ d4 c. ? 27. New signs and names/ k4 h' I! Y( ?! Q8 @$ t5 H: W
28. Symbolic sounds
r: [9 |4 ?) A1 _; K 29. Symbolic reclamations
) ]! I& T& U7 r0 z2 u 30. Rude gestures T8 t, D1 n& c. G1 I: ?
- z L4 R- J' n1 h) [: }. kPressures on Individuals0 h {5 J. G M9 H2 l
31. “Haunting” officials" o6 G' K' O( G7 c1 H: r: e: y
32. Taunting officials
+ l# _3 l# i' e0 F" O$ z 33. Fraternization
3 p+ P! A8 ?. n9 c) {/ W+ M 34. Vigils
x) H {, f$ i- L. `; |5 B% a% y! C( k8 \: ?
Drama and Music3 K4 K. A# J* x$ M+ b3 e
35. Humorous skits and pranks
9 P3 S2 m) \8 ~4 h- d7 F 36. Performances of plays and music
) b4 n2 A+ O1 y 37. Singing
) C+ Z* ^$ W9 l( H V) c. o
4 Y( H$ o7 }6 q) V7 P wProcessions
& b7 H* h( ]7 Y8 N4 S 38. Marches' `' k$ d4 J% @- A8 Z
39. Parades
, t' {5 u4 K$ j4 `' @: M: F2 j( \ 40. Religious processions
* n1 ^) D) }$ V3 x7 ~6 M 41. Pilgrimages" `1 z. l1 a$ b6 u% b) P# |
42. Motorcades
. H+ |& `8 Z3 W5 w( q6 C
8 R( m ]9 p% u5 \: g _Honoring the Dead' M/ G u0 A# B$ P! ^
43. Political mourning' b1 G$ K1 i; ~( z# Y: Q
44. Mock funerals# w, d$ P6 t+ n( |2 Q
45. Demonstrative funerals, N% x$ F I2 j) C& ^
46. Homage at burial places& E+ t8 c$ L5 P9 Q& I
& g& ~4 B- P8 f2 U. `Public Assemblies
4 g: Q# g2 D C, [8 j- p 47. Assemblies of protest or support0 K# b2 _6 o1 J& I7 I. z
48. Protest meetings
3 N% O' s0 R+ d Z- b) n 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: h# y. V5 P! d8 u0 u. e 50. Teach-ins
+ m. c( {6 u; o! Y5 L
% j# a/ f3 u* v5 B. g2 T6 sWithdrawal and Renunciation' H( B& ~8 L& n1 I
51. Walk-outs
. s2 ]7 {2 r i; y E 52. Silence
t4 v9 C9 M, s$ y 53. Renouncing honors
9 r" Q: _) M' n3 h# W- W* u 54. Turning one’s back7 I' ^) `9 Y2 f# S- u
: t7 w+ u+ d1 b3 l: W* y/ I
3 f/ r C1 R! Z8 @" N' _ q7 d# u" T+ |3 [0 J
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION }, O. w4 n, Q* p1 H
" v" n, v% {3 X) O1 h/ f
+ w: _/ d+ S: W1 c, q( o$ U
4 ~% N& a; I2 b7 {, pOstracism of Persons
: p! j9 A" B, K, g 55. Social boycott
6 ], r5 @5 o1 y, N$ P: `4 h 56. Selective social boycott% @6 i5 _) C2 z, a" q
57. Lysistratic nonaction y0 J. U/ r4 L
58. Excommunication& U% m" W/ A+ A4 Z- @
59. Interdict. N" r5 O1 K9 m1 F
6 g- ^0 C$ M) _% M5 e+ f4 A7 a
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: t# x- a& M- R: o& [5 s' d$ I 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
8 |- S P1 P2 i4 X; D 61. Boycott of social affairs
* n, n/ N2 ^. p+ D8 x 62. Student strike
) C3 h0 ^+ Q. ? 63. Social disobedience
9 n9 ^! n4 x# t V4 m 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) A7 u3 a) ?: Y
$ \( d3 K# R6 J, T; \+ |/ @# b: ZWithdrawal from the Social System
6 u) J' E4 N+ `( ~6 W" L4 t* t5 [ 65. Stay-at-home
; t/ r m) P. X! d7 f 66. Total personal noncooperation. |' L+ N/ w0 Q9 Q5 E1 i
67. “Flight” of workers% _ `0 R m! z* d9 z$ W
68. Sanctuary) A5 ]3 K8 Z6 ]2 A
69. Collective disappearance
. J0 j. |- F: r9 ]3 a, ~, f 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)# R$ T; @6 D( o* Q& h( y2 u
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: y$ m2 X* m- P; h) T7 h% t, Y NTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS+ g8 ]+ e# [8 S& q+ o, c
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5 b* a; D a" a6 L0 WActions by Consumers
1 A$ Z/ G# ^: y1 w6 t% A 71. Consumers’ boycott
m4 m! k- ?; W* s) G3 ~6 S 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
: b( t, B" _( L8 U( R 73. Policy of austerity
) N1 \- Q: X7 w5 \ 74. Rent withholding: p7 k: v7 C# p
75. Refusal to rent7 E! \( u3 b2 V& T! u2 }- N1 N
76. National consumers’ boycott
/ G l& @' \) b. ]1 {9 M- \ 77. International consumers’ boycott( h# y7 G( i0 T5 l$ v( C2 o- t
. _0 X2 w) ]- x* E7 O. ^/ M
Action by Workers and Producers
& d) p1 ~- h( H 78. Workmen’s boycott. ^- t* N5 a0 @4 r2 a
79. Producers’ boycott6 [/ a* f$ \% {# R6 h' b6 _ k+ V
2 p# k$ V5 w! e3 r; qAction by Middlemen5 ]8 |. \# u8 l) Y( g: \' P
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott1 T" s0 X4 D3 P$ S2 L/ n
6 m' W+ Z: L: C" w& f9 jAction by Owners and Management
7 I M) G6 l/ a 81. Traders’ boycott( z: ]: C; x8 M+ H5 g
82. Refusal to let or sell property h8 L* C2 S5 t0 Y4 Z1 N% X
83. Lockout
- v5 {) \/ Y( } 84. Refusal of industrial assistance$ W6 Z# H0 o s: k) h. o- l
85. Merchants’ “general strike”" I5 }( h3 f) v" @$ H% P Y
/ ]3 e) z& q) w! TAction by Holders of Financial Resources* J! {, t/ o5 n$ y) j
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits' x8 B x5 a* r/ {( O+ A# @
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 ]3 W* n1 k1 s8 N7 q& e
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* }% a3 ^' n( b3 @ Y0 q
89. Severance of funds and credit
) H; @8 @+ b- s& [ 90. Revenue refusal
5 B+ {" Q5 R' H! r! Q 91. Refusal of a government’s money+ v- s7 }: x- b6 v9 ]
( T5 Y1 l7 f7 j X/ J9 O# l
Action by Governments
! S* Z8 \: I* ` 92. Domestic embargo) h: g& w6 `) ?$ K, m% s
93. Blacklisting of traders
" j A- G! K, U9 j9 p0 v } @! J 94. International sellers’ embargo- `4 E9 H% ~ L) w J
95. International buyers’ embargo
: C3 U( ^7 ?2 ~ 96. International trade embargo( K% Y9 m/ p7 n5 S' G
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+ {% I+ A: d/ b) x" _, J7 F: V& \2 {8 k- i9 {- S/ f# K
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 a# y9 r) R$ H$ b7 j6 L0 ^9 S
& Y7 X% j- c0 l* e * G: s$ ?9 [! G! ~- h) B# _; F
Symbolic Strikes
0 O p) h$ Q7 C! M, N 97. Protest strike, J; I* P! P2 C! O9 k8 F* q
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)0 |6 D3 M! G4 p, D
" R: S: @7 E+ z' k, C8 J5 G% q" ]Agricultural Strikes
/ g, G; r: h6 s) q9 ~& d2 _6 m 99. Peasant strike2 t( F: T: ~3 N
100. Farm Workers’ strike
6 L6 S& q) s, c2 f) _3 `! L7 F0 E* y% F/ B9 e! T
Strikes by Special Groups( S J/ e+ f8 A6 r" T1 G. T
101. Refusal of impressed labor
" v4 R% _# j. f7 w. r/ H9 D; m+ ?, t7 B 102. Prisoners’ strike c9 {+ i3 H' q7 f3 b5 f8 H% u9 B
103. Craft strike8 g* x' u8 T5 v" ?( s
104. Professional strike
. }. J) a9 n7 F5 \) U! g7 s. I+ h5 p( d& P) V' p
Ordinary Industrial Strikes6 {6 s, Z4 o4 u' Z) Q7 ?
105. Establishment strike0 q$ `6 `& j: P/ {) s& l7 r
106. Industry strike: t: p, n# z0 A l8 I/ y/ u. m
107. Sympathetic strike
; l. J/ K! Q1 \0 O9 E" g" c6 d8 c/ \4 Q Y1 U2 y
Restricted Strikes
, G$ L/ x3 C3 L7 s 108. Detailed strike
% g% J; L( N ^/ g0 a- k& f- f6 A 109. Bumper strike
& |2 _+ F& I0 X 110. Slowdown strike) K. x! G/ H5 m% W$ R
111. Working-to-rule strike
* O2 j: U5 M6 l( {( y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
" B' v0 R8 n& o+ u+ [: O6 x1 Q& C 113. Strike by resignation
) ~1 ]& j, A6 d% |/ `9 I( H7 S 114. Limited strike% |" d0 T+ c _+ U' P
115. Selective strike
0 U9 }4 C2 P1 J: D/ A' j! B
) l/ u/ _0 x* ~, f0 BMulti-Industry Strikes( K0 P3 d6 K2 I* {! `
" @8 }" g) w: [& d* a# K% i5 W
116. Generalized strike
9 H( o: j. C' \6 K" i
/ w: L$ @9 r9 d7 d( w! z4 l 117. General strike% ` R1 B" N& J' |% D+ K- L
7 t& j3 y2 x# M. i: X% _
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures; ~* W' C: m" c7 h6 @
+ n) S# N+ O( D
118. Hartal
8 Z# Z: V" o0 ?4 v0 w. a2 R7 N* B1 I D
119. Economic shutdown. \- o) y- G. X7 u* }1 S. o
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9 @: q1 M: a8 X, |) L0 r. t# E- O% n3 R) N$ ^* H1 X
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 i$ o7 X9 x0 H# M& e r. V8 ]9 d
% d/ B' O+ J7 O0 m. s) f WRejection of Authority
& `" c+ {0 |( v7 c0 r. l2 ^ 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
0 N1 c2 V! T; m5 W 121. Refusal of public support
f+ m& @' E% R2 T* W9 k; M 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
- n$ _% Y7 j6 W; ~
* z' Y2 n& ^% P3 b, ^& [, UCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
A/ \. R+ Z3 f8 |8 k% ~5 K. y 123. Boycott of legislative bodies: j5 o. {; G; M% z$ {9 c
124. Boycott of elections
4 c8 P' ~8 c- c1 b# r E! N 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- K. n# o8 }$ \7 z 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 _ I: U: M: ~# ?+ C! s( N 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
! n- I7 n5 i9 @) B. i& }4 K# | 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% d, J- b1 ?. m3 @& T n 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents) ?7 Z, R7 f8 j- ^; j) l+ J
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( ~3 ~& ^, g0 Q+ A! h 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials" k& v1 V! n1 z$ a- s+ r
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
4 l* r- a2 G8 c/ v7 ]- r2 N) U% ^' P2 z
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; |, [ J% Z- ~# ?$ I) j 133. Reluctant and slow compliance* c/ ]6 ~- X5 B5 K; ^6 s' r' L8 Z# Q
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
7 B4 x" T1 y, f! Q8 d- j. ? 135. Popular nonobedience" g" s: ~; U0 m; C
136. Disguised disobedience( Z6 q9 {3 m1 h: o9 U* G
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
' e+ B3 H5 ~6 k& {- I# T 138. Sitdown
2 P* u% Y+ }0 T 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation! L6 Y+ c M5 M
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
7 l9 T4 B1 _; w, ?: W0 u% I5 O 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
* b# ~6 V, j7 d6 y& o/ M
/ x7 F4 u( A h) N2 P2 lAction by Government Personnel# u8 ^9 C4 D2 c8 \/ _
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides' c; }. L. I6 B! H( s! }
143. Blocking of lines of command and information7 \0 Y+ W# m% @& C/ F" I$ y9 f
144. Stalling and obstruction
+ M D/ N8 L" x" X/ Z 145. General administrative noncooperation* T! _& a2 N# {& f: q {
6 D, _+ V$ d& N# F4 h4 A; [' S 146. Judicial noncooperation7 A& r' s4 g& U) _/ F w2 \
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ u x' z4 s; O' M6 C! l5 @3 T 148. Mutiny; F+ g6 I: J% ?) q b
Domestic Governmental Action
% X3 Z' T) X: g1 U 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays0 B! q' {7 O& o* l9 t9 d$ w
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
0 P( T- ]9 ~! X: Y0 ^3 |9 n( o: E& q7 C! C8 ^) H ^4 s7 _" x
International Governmental Action# Z7 N+ Q: ?5 z" h% a) h
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ Z+ r8 W# f8 g" x c% H
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
& i7 L' y5 c+ F# b( D+ f D- ~! Z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition* X. v; x' l; {2 H
154. Severance of diplomatic relations* N6 O. X, y7 R; ?1 g* v
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
* C6 l( p! K9 L2 @3 K) [: e 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 V, x8 t0 T" q1 y7 s4 j" V$ Q 157. Expulsion from international organizations
4 L8 n0 _7 U' K, D5 h2 o- m- n- J0 M6 J* M
+ r4 l/ T2 A0 _
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION# \1 F; a1 c$ _
7 T7 e) c* m! \1 Y! Y" H7 R% e( b
2 Y! E' i8 q: D8 R! W' ?- _Psychological Intervention# ?9 r; b& Q+ I) k
158. Self-exposure to the elements' M: S4 p( ^6 [, `1 X% _( {
159. The fast" }0 l" g; X* N- x, O
a) Fast of moral pressure# L8 L4 ?6 [ h
b) Hunger strike
6 l9 p! G+ p& o/ o+ p c) Satyagrahic fast5 C, W" o5 L3 M
160. Reverse trial
* _6 `+ Q7 c9 S0 d! a 161. Nonviolent harassment
% |3 L+ m$ d& A* v3 h, {5 v. f
0 t5 B8 v' M4 J* oPhysical Intervention) M8 q% U0 z% h. L- S: m0 E* M
162. Sit-in* H9 r0 }5 U# j4 w
163. Stand-in
9 z0 b: [* H4 U# _/ a1 {" O3 j 164. Ride-in
- i. Z; g- ^5 |: Q) I8 ~5 K 165. Wade-in3 D8 b I2 ]: S( T, P9 u
166. Mill-in
) l6 n4 ?! `/ [# u2 L- E5 a2 c0 t 167. Pray-in
0 o" s! B& y7 e' Y6 Q3 u) y6 U( y+ j 168. Nonviolent raids8 d5 x& x- y! y
169. Nonviolent air raids
+ m- `0 x% |( \3 f& V 170. Nonviolent invasion) P! A' ` D5 L
171. Nonviolent interjection
0 p* F$ B- d3 I7 {1 n; L6 X6 V 172. Nonviolent obstruction$ Z, S; F! J1 q3 {! n
173. Nonviolent occupation
. Z! ]3 r0 \5 {6 x- H1 P, H6 H) I
3 l Q1 {: n% u y6 \/ T3 u2 [Social Intervention
% ~7 [/ D# i6 W6 ? ~ S 174. Establishing new social patterns
( I' y' _" R' K$ O* ^5 j$ a 175. Overloading of facilities
4 n) P; L' O# \; J5 n( q 176. Stall-in9 b8 V7 `1 a( q% o6 ~ l7 ?
177. Speak-in
6 J, c$ b6 O+ ^; @ 178. Guerrilla theater
P* x' Z+ o8 m) f% E4 ] 179. Alternative social institutions
( |5 `; s7 r5 m2 [, C3 ] 180. Alternative communication system0 K( t1 N @ @" t6 r) r
5 a: a: D5 q/ g
Economic Intervention
0 h: R$ T. m) m: d Y) \' E# P8 G; S 181. Reverse strike
, g) |2 u! Y: T' Y- ^ 182. Stay-in strike
! }4 @$ V0 I% A+ j 183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ F+ U" L& A1 C' \1 d' \1 _ 184. Defiance of blockades
) F5 t5 b! s2 S. T/ ?8 _ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
3 G$ g2 y! G, W1 P9 j( o- r 186. Preclusive purchasing3 e$ E. T. P' W4 m+ p
187. Seizure of assets
8 \) S- O% S& k0 L. D2 d/ x( R 188. Dumping
+ l% K# V7 l) X" ? 189. Selective patronage; {! O G* h, I' B: g) S
190. Alternative markets7 T' r: R% i# g
191. Alternative transportation systems0 `" O; d. T- w+ f
192. Alternative economic institutions1 L P' C" y7 t- C7 A7 T7 E! v4 {9 t
3 Y$ q5 [" v2 o$ j1 } Y( Y, s+ `% XPolitical Intervention1 a- }) N! [- t8 ?; T' N1 u/ a
193. Overloading of administrative systems
2 {7 w3 Y8 ^& M+ G& U5 x% t 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
5 ]+ C7 n, H/ O. I/ G B* O/ k 195. Seeking imprisonment
% E1 [6 R* Y; N6 b H; a 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws, }- A" h( ~3 r) j( B4 \" s
197. Work-on without collaboration$ J' n1 N! K9 b
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
