 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
% d" e! T; C% Q7 Z% R# MFormal Statements
3 f1 i7 C f4 J. O; X4 f! S 1. Public Speeches
* A. M$ w8 X. q3 ?; j 2. Letters of opposition or support# {. I! ~# O+ i2 ]& p
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions6 `! X. ^' b# h
4. Signed public statements
1 R; @( L0 h+ B- I8 x! [; N6 M1 q9 g% B 5. Declarations of indictment and intention$ }1 {# }/ n8 {0 ^/ v$ e# j
6. Group or mass petitions5 {' L/ ]. j* c! u- e2 M0 E. e
3 i% u c9 f* G0 E+ nCommunications with a Wider Audience
( f. r* c" u. _* E 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
( n8 o0 w/ X2 n7 t3 ^! p; f V4 h 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 W5 r3 m2 D( V 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books/ j& O/ A% j# |, ?8 E/ s
10. Newspapers and journals& _! i/ m# [$ Q& d; X7 ?" s* g
11. Records, radio, and television1 d$ d$ L" Z& b/ L2 ^) J2 P
12. Skywriting and earthwriting! d; ^2 |5 K* W! ?% n# m h
9 }" m+ E' _) m% h. |' w
Group Representations
/ S! ^9 y# ~( p- M; P 13. Deputations
- d: g0 A) i' i. i* c# [5 L 14. Mock awards, x+ z; C5 d' c8 \/ e
15. Group lobbying) W' ^* N+ G# b$ O
16. Picketing9 S0 `2 S/ M6 r S. O
17. Mock elections
' c9 d' u! a% B1 B, g7 _; |4 [. ~! W, B7 ]9 i$ Z: `
Symbolic Public Acts
( U: _4 g$ l8 N# _4 } 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors& ^/ k |- ]3 p( Y9 j$ W5 H% ^
19. Wearing of symbols, M( S$ A) o8 \2 T) b+ r6 u. z' ]; o
20. Prayer and worship, u0 {/ Z( G m6 M6 w3 g% s/ T1 K" S
21. Delivering symbolic objects" P8 g T) w: D" q- _
22. Protest disrobings- `& N. t5 J& C7 U J' u$ D7 Y1 r4 p
23. Destruction of own property0 h' x: A+ D- J+ Z5 M* I5 r+ r1 c
24. Symbolic lights
* y, f% m7 Q. |4 i 25. Displays of portraits
6 s9 _! ?9 i' ?2 H+ ] l4 A/ X 26. Paint as protest
7 w5 W3 \: N5 d- s3 U: W 27. New signs and names; q6 q+ }* ^8 K. Z& y7 g% Y2 S
28. Symbolic sounds7 p6 q; @ d! M) }
29. Symbolic reclamations2 q3 C; I0 L0 ?+ N
30. Rude gestures* E$ J. g. h7 n4 w# r% {
4 j' @6 `6 v) yPressures on Individuals
p! d3 O7 }. B 31. “Haunting” officials
* b0 z2 M" G: Q9 d c% x 32. Taunting officials9 H3 I4 w" T! @# b ~
33. Fraternization
" L7 j2 i, W7 `6 H5 ` 34. Vigils! s" \7 R, H' @5 f
7 y& t) U0 M# m/ ]+ oDrama and Music
( \& P$ c& p r; e 35. Humorous skits and pranks% [. C1 `* a7 [5 O
36. Performances of plays and music0 k. p1 Y" z' l- h( t- Q0 [
37. Singing$ S! s. I0 W4 g
6 \9 C- \' C$ j8 u d/ qProcessions, c: D2 I/ R1 H3 L: B' u8 w) w" N' \
38. Marches) T& C: C% }7 y& m6 S$ T
39. Parades
- r7 Z! l2 |" u3 O5 e( Z9 d 40. Religious processions3 u" D5 l) M# m+ g5 a# O! }" I
41. Pilgrimages9 M0 V' z2 u! E- S+ k
42. Motorcades1 l- t. [% ?. P% v' e
) h: o; h6 n* m% ~' O9 uHonoring the Dead+ R" J8 t; h0 I2 m
43. Political mourning7 U' b4 `7 O. o& ~) j( I. a
44. Mock funerals
$ G) [- J+ u4 p) V5 v4 W 45. Demonstrative funerals
, ~3 O& @8 W8 M: F s1 ?: z3 R 46. Homage at burial places) m9 v# Q' `' J. n+ C
7 y0 `/ {; | {- O8 k/ GPublic Assemblies5 d, S# ?% B0 j. l& q+ m8 t1 L6 {
47. Assemblies of protest or support
: U6 T' m4 E, A; Q0 @3 ` 48. Protest meetings
( j* U3 d4 L; \1 H 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
`! ~1 I0 l5 q$ c' m; d 50. Teach-ins( _- B) m' B* Z t6 k
4 S- L- K) K+ y' J- ~, D$ {Withdrawal and Renunciation; N. t9 B& \8 B- s1 k: D
51. Walk-outs) ]& a) F, w- ]; ~
52. Silence
* j2 r4 b& V+ B6 N" h* r 53. Renouncing honors
( U0 K. @& J0 z6 ^ 54. Turning one’s back
" T* H" k* B0 F5 \6 w |, y
3 N3 @& U! @2 d" C" D9 A& p
0 J S( v& K$ g! l; P( e7 \, q8 I* [) C/ K) W6 D0 p! M
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
) e* Z! ~/ x5 z" ]* n
6 d+ z: d( ?4 J% v0 {7 s d 6 y: Q j+ X3 l7 S$ Q8 y' z9 k( |
' \. ]; m2 l+ |2 \$ IOstracism of Persons
9 q: M2 c! C2 t. A6 J. A 55. Social boycott) G7 H9 S: l/ C, j
56. Selective social boycott
3 ?! F8 Y& F: o* y; ~9 n 57. Lysistratic nonaction. h7 p8 Q+ D" n$ ]1 a; S
58. Excommunication$ u1 V$ ^. |& T! ]8 x6 _2 K: J# M
59. Interdict0 }3 y# ~3 K" M9 J: k
% H0 T/ x A0 L( S7 GNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions8 n; p0 [0 t7 @, t0 a! h0 w
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
0 X0 N' U3 o/ ^4 N3 t) \0 U 61. Boycott of social affairs. Q6 q0 h. X# N7 ?
62. Student strike+ S7 m5 F6 n3 @
63. Social disobedience
6 u' f* G% D7 [+ n. {( O 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
7 ~! O7 L& T+ i! }- Y
9 o2 X, i/ Y) D+ a# {Withdrawal from the Social System
N: T4 ~: h7 t4 r3 L 65. Stay-at-home6 N) S% O4 ~& r! O9 H1 R
66. Total personal noncooperation
$ V# a6 P! h6 ?4 ~. G6 U7 G 67. “Flight” of workers& {" J! ~+ a" ?: q
68. Sanctuary" w$ ~/ F! E( y+ Q. u5 p
69. Collective disappearance \5 r: } E% D5 h3 x3 X* r/ w
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
3 P' l) E$ V" L0 ~: p! h' A" A- N( e$ i! L( C) p: U7 L
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N5 E+ }" q8 j2 u) lTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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2 c/ Y( c) B' |: y% y+ N / B8 J: l3 o6 a0 t6 B2 h, W
Actions by Consumers$ @1 |* i+ K8 E$ |" z
71. Consumers’ boycott
; a4 {1 v+ u" K 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ m0 T4 \! C3 T1 L: R( ? 73. Policy of austerity
* s& ?: l) t' K% M 74. Rent withholding
; n4 I( l, }4 e* e3 M# H8 f# S( o 75. Refusal to rent
& V0 E$ R- s9 B 76. National consumers’ boycott
' }( A" T! K! n% [ 77. International consumers’ boycott
) i0 L& {- H" ?0 {( Y$ G" I: x0 n: n5 P; G
Action by Workers and Producers5 m2 @# n% T# }
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ e) Z8 Y4 l& D8 j8 O 79. Producers’ boycott* v# q) y! c( R. }7 u) ^$ C9 ?
. c7 b! \8 `! i4 }
Action by Middlemen% i2 U0 B/ h& K' {
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: ^. Y. C z- u8 ?. p i7 [
6 b, ], f/ i' w3 V
Action by Owners and Management. n8 z6 C3 p: k& D
81. Traders’ boycott
: ~3 [2 q9 t4 Y4 [2 g- I) l 82. Refusal to let or sell property# X; O9 A, \/ J I5 U
83. Lockout6 f$ n( ]$ R5 L* X. B6 _
84. Refusal of industrial assistance0 q2 i3 p7 p9 Y) ]& j$ }2 q# r$ `
85. Merchants’ “general strike”4 D7 Z* j/ f' Z; O- K% _
1 W+ w- K# g# @6 S x
Action by Holders of Financial Resources$ [" v4 T% `. v( Z
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits5 l& Q% T2 J+ G9 v* E0 n
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments/ l$ M# `/ a( ], o) O
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest" k% E* _5 b- _, A# ]
89. Severance of funds and credit4 S5 V1 B0 o4 V0 y2 J
90. Revenue refusal
8 K; r& @6 `* |/ s# t. A. o 91. Refusal of a government’s money8 n5 b2 H* w, ]2 w
6 |; K% U' z% ?5 L$ S
Action by Governments
9 l; t c9 c" b! u" _ 92. Domestic embargo
# D; u9 h, q2 T) g! |& F; e 93. Blacklisting of traders& U! G6 A+ Q' R0 n8 B9 N' s" J
94. International sellers’ embargo6 |% F Y: D* N0 `* ]- \6 p4 X P
95. International buyers’ embargo; y" ?) a' O- Q' t0 T$ C8 p
96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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) m5 A5 x) M0 v+ D& USymbolic Strikes
; O" m7 d% L& m( Y6 E6 k 97. Protest strike
1 I7 W; e i. R& i. J 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)3 n8 N, S! n# e/ B3 Y
; ^" q+ k" b* i
Agricultural Strikes
- L R0 _( g6 `8 s/ M: b5 y 99. Peasant strike6 a" j* ?1 t/ ~2 r& I& I# C+ e/ \
100. Farm Workers’ strike
8 \, S2 G- ]* H: |) T
. W3 q! ?: |( y/ S8 ^8 yStrikes by Special Groups9 O, r" A# |2 }$ l; L9 |
101. Refusal of impressed labor: c5 Q: c0 j9 T7 O' r
102. Prisoners’ strike: d. a6 x* d' d7 }0 q9 p$ W
103. Craft strike
/ z: P4 Q3 h0 ^" y1 @7 T- }& ? 104. Professional strike: D( K! A# i% F. ^5 O/ a' X( w
" S' I2 L# f: l! V
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
) A% D. O% K* C3 s 105. Establishment strike
. m. U5 [7 A @9 C# B; p; [/ Z 106. Industry strike
" G* N8 x' X6 ~$ T8 Y 107. Sympathetic strike
* e9 C( b/ K/ C: z3 j7 F: A+ D; q2 m! i7 h7 {# |8 {6 O
Restricted Strikes" e y% X$ u! w; H- c/ K
108. Detailed strike
. r5 K/ P1 L/ V6 s( q 109. Bumper strike
& k2 Z/ S: w& G" ? 110. Slowdown strike, W9 o8 Q. F& ]
111. Working-to-rule strike
& r) u. i; ^8 R. U 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 j ?1 }% @$ N l# y: g2 D4 {
113. Strike by resignation
; Z4 B0 i1 C; B% L( Z 114. Limited strike3 }' t8 X1 R; I: }$ C& U# F
115. Selective strike
4 ~' {) C6 W$ r# e! |- n! g7 i. s3 ]
Multi-Industry Strikes/ @; z' {9 P! t7 K/ U
( U8 `6 u* y9 T6 S( n/ | 116. Generalized strike
6 @2 c- t7 q4 ~: B" l- n! p6 e, e" J3 f8 t/ M% T& X
117. General strike
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8 K9 ?0 T7 L+ J, mCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
) M8 k" k7 F5 g* r5 |
$ g6 U$ S y$ W/ V) x 118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown6 W5 j8 Z8 p6 Y( B4 E# ]
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" y/ y% W+ d5 q0 o( ~THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
# p! L* T3 |" d5 b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance9 R+ s, F( V2 P
121. Refusal of public support) g2 ^) W3 }7 o, h9 ?3 p+ j1 n
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
* C/ [. X* M2 H, c 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" F3 ?: e8 _/ h
124. Boycott of elections c. [: ~1 l9 v5 ^8 a
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
& c5 H8 I! I8 D: y 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies' j0 J% E5 l8 g5 h) K- ?! n
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions& h: U' Q9 b ?% K3 |
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
8 [$ H" m/ i% i3 S5 ?# a 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents" W/ c0 Z x2 e/ l8 e
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
( C: l5 N9 `# e 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
, |" O: r9 Y' a, C, V) Q 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
( I& o0 i( ^" o4 E+ x0 Y) y
R0 l! M, m0 L1 k h' V3 VCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
9 |2 C! j1 ^" V3 w6 m* { 133. Reluctant and slow compliance# ]) p2 l# F1 |" s n3 Y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
' T, _8 {9 _, [, o/ K 135. Popular nonobedience- P0 y' C) Y0 J% P: o- a- @ c
136. Disguised disobedience
$ i+ n5 g) a1 l0 n 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 ?: a( @' [- Z
138. Sitdown
5 f" Z( G' e; s1 f, X2 o 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
9 w# i& v2 |. l- y; {% N 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
9 j# \2 i( Z% a+ [: a) F 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ |4 q8 E. n. B1 J* N% q/ Y1 o4 X4 S! c0 p) t
Action by Government Personnel
, s, v8 @' s1 s 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
$ I' }/ O* y) T$ |- C+ D& R 143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ ]' `9 m& j! l. J* ^
144. Stalling and obstruction v' _6 i& t, }
145. General administrative noncooperation/ s( F0 _2 R5 ]( ^" ?, {' O# t
+ G$ s$ F4 q8 f/ o" C7 \
146. Judicial noncooperation
/ U( O$ ^2 |7 P. M: g+ a4 p 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents+ M2 O6 h( C) v, y
148. Mutiny$ S7 A( E! r& V8 P/ \; Y5 n
Domestic Governmental Action
5 T) Z. [6 _! p: T. N& y* Z4 L 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays0 w' C* B% E3 e3 L# N- E4 L8 l: u
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units( Y3 g/ `! S# V9 Q; y9 \$ i
6 U# l5 G, m1 e9 y! }* o& n
International Governmental Action6 p: J+ f, t2 ^+ h8 S
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations% k0 Q2 T( C. O9 A
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events/ ?( c( h1 ~" B
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
- C. ~# Y3 w: h% k" h# @ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations/ ^. U' \; Q0 H/ l% u
155. Withdrawal from international organizations5 A. R% k! f b8 X# v# V
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
3 o& B4 F6 S3 _# d0 ` 157. Expulsion from international organizations" [. L& e/ ^( A$ C `# N
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( R( g7 t2 X. s0 @. rTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
1 ?" q5 u, z$ k6 q$ _# @# {( \- \% ^& _4 D! C
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Psychological Intervention
1 B, R0 J! j- K! i 158. Self-exposure to the elements
( I8 W3 V7 d3 O8 } 159. The fast0 E/ Q) g( F' _+ Y! {; y
a) Fast of moral pressure8 S5 n8 \0 p3 Y" z D( N
b) Hunger strike
/ `" M2 ]0 _- ?( b/ [/ i( o c) Satyagrahic fast! c0 `8 n: Z* F
160. Reverse trial
8 X: R0 \3 @- W: m8 q* e 161. Nonviolent harassment
" i8 F( e( S; N" B/ z: O0 X' a
& \) n+ K0 _; p; x) NPhysical Intervention5 X% ^- O! a$ j/ K1 s8 G5 b
162. Sit-in
% Z% Q& v3 C- }9 s) G! K b 163. Stand-in1 j- h. H+ A4 ?4 a
164. Ride-in' L1 f* y/ J6 Q A7 E0 F' H* a
165. Wade-in
, L" Y- K5 a) s; D 166. Mill-in4 P" V+ ]1 |, s9 c# S ]+ E9 ]
167. Pray-in
' h% e. C. p9 t7 J 168. Nonviolent raids2 m% H7 f6 M5 t6 w3 j+ a$ x1 C
169. Nonviolent air raids0 F( n, ]2 L0 R* e3 P
170. Nonviolent invasion1 u9 y2 m% \, I( Q+ O
171. Nonviolent interjection
1 j" ^9 f2 c# n) v 172. Nonviolent obstruction
. j5 d( \" K# t7 {, z9 ` 173. Nonviolent occupation! `1 _; v; C, W1 G9 N' x
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Social Intervention, w, N1 G( U/ I0 q( ?! N
174. Establishing new social patterns
6 t: n+ @1 k& \! I% } 175. Overloading of facilities
: _, `6 V6 j: r* o; D& r. N3 B; K 176. Stall-in, Y5 O# |. \ w( g
177. Speak-in1 f4 a( E. I( K7 Z4 V# Y
178. Guerrilla theater
# z* r5 a* ?: R8 }& A 179. Alternative social institutions' M( ]1 K+ G# v4 I
180. Alternative communication system( b# @0 v, h; J+ N5 s: [, t$ b
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Economic Intervention) j; ]& h4 @% g8 g7 O x5 j' c
181. Reverse strike6 X' D& P, x0 V+ O+ `! \$ ?. k
182. Stay-in strike( g e Q: u. X
183. Nonviolent land seizure6 w5 g- c; \3 t$ b
184. Defiance of blockades- z9 O5 a6 w) Q) n+ f
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( P6 ?6 {! B& P- e: | W& {! ?. o1 N 186. Preclusive purchasing
/ r% x. i* x u' a/ b& ^ 187. Seizure of assets2 N2 G- m4 V7 c8 Y5 B7 I+ L: Z5 X
188. Dumping4 o6 d7 h) H3 P/ v {
189. Selective patronage: L3 k- h0 g' `( o* l
190. Alternative markets
' y7 ]' I" }, z 191. Alternative transportation systems
# K/ o5 `- P% {, ^* Q' F0 h 192. Alternative economic institutions$ c5 x4 K9 F m$ K4 }) w
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Political Intervention
1 B) b0 C) u% N8 x7 z4 j 193. Overloading of administrative systems5 z/ H# V- s+ J1 k% P& U
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents& H7 i: F$ B. O7 N( b
195. Seeking imprisonment) X. g' t! {( T
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" }/ V5 {4 `. w- c
197. Work-on without collaboration% Q1 a& r2 [+ ~. b
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 U* q# x5 ]1 C n: t
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
