 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 Z0 f2 x8 j1 a3 V, f
Formal Statements
8 b- Z# D" V8 W4 N! | 1. Public Speeches
3 n9 P$ {+ n% Y5 Z0 q/ S 2. Letters of opposition or support7 K4 Q+ W' B' |, c1 u+ [- U
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions. B) N+ {! ^% a7 B3 Z7 E& }6 i
4. Signed public statements
" Z' i* n- f7 u' c7 {4 h/ n 5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 m9 b8 ^$ b$ h4 I
6. Group or mass petitions
& a5 |+ X' a' s$ T6 ~/ [3 E: O3 D
Communications with a Wider Audience
+ J# O5 V0 h1 k' ]' |/ M) I/ p7 j 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
: M ?3 i8 J# C# j3 g. I 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications0 |* e2 V, H! A2 p" c( ?# d
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books; e; c& _0 Y' t; a0 D+ q
10. Newspapers and journals
5 y7 ~) k ^9 d. {' Y 11. Records, radio, and television1 C* P1 {2 R5 @. B! p% ]4 v. n9 b
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
0 H/ e8 m/ r2 Y" v5 e, t; t+ U1 [ m+ Y6 P0 [
Group Representations7 @7 Z1 H4 C( `( v% z5 L1 @0 x/ o$ ? K
13. Deputations3 H) D& z/ ^% Y+ ^) J6 L- ]1 ~ o: |
14. Mock awards0 i; k1 I: y- y) }) a, x- |5 A
15. Group lobbying
- ^# P9 r2 I% \ m$ z 16. Picketing0 |$ R# x V. [4 F4 z8 r
17. Mock elections( `; q. n. j: ~5 f1 K, p5 S- S+ x
8 L1 {! X# q2 l0 v( d" x
Symbolic Public Acts
; J5 Y6 t+ n# S8 p, Y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors) v' ]- _& n) E! M6 ~
19. Wearing of symbols1 V9 R: K" W5 M: q" ^* R
20. Prayer and worship( n1 R* [! a9 n, p
21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ ]" I* D5 |# X$ l8 ^2 V" o 22. Protest disrobings
; e2 L: Y/ U3 g& }# `" r# g* a" U 23. Destruction of own property% u! m+ V0 t' w7 z; K6 X
24. Symbolic lights2 Y; H; F2 p3 |/ |( ?
25. Displays of portraits: S9 h' ^) H3 [; @
26. Paint as protest/ |! R+ U- ~9 d' R5 ^5 {$ a# X
27. New signs and names! o' a" K) E& s0 U' e, F/ ]" v
28. Symbolic sounds
- M6 \; V1 m9 d! i 29. Symbolic reclamations
( M3 O c9 U+ H2 {4 K9 n 30. Rude gestures5 D7 O$ J& u$ _! U+ J
( @% E! Q. a2 h! r- M9 t2 M
Pressures on Individuals
$ m H- O' R' _6 i 31. “Haunting” officials
5 ]; j. C% g' t2 j, O( e7 l A 32. Taunting officials: S, v5 L& r. H$ W3 W
33. Fraternization
7 m/ V: S+ ~- |2 P3 \ 34. Vigils2 j; e- w5 j* P8 |! J( a2 y
- j K* }( l8 ?! {! UDrama and Music) @4 o1 q+ B" D$ v/ f( b- D, T" V
35. Humorous skits and pranks+ s; p! ]" N# g& h, \1 ~/ h- x z
36. Performances of plays and music& `' C7 m! K( U# T) p) V" U
37. Singing
1 N6 Q# Q. v) l# v! L3 W% o9 e4 H9 `9 J/ q) [4 u
Processions5 U: p- i) |& m4 z3 z- G8 b
38. Marches7 A7 I8 T. j4 R4 | D8 P* f" @
39. Parades
. a' ^! p7 ^9 L7 |3 k, i P5 A 40. Religious processions2 L3 O: V3 z$ [
41. Pilgrimages
6 w$ s4 L* y Z) Z3 J% r 42. Motorcades7 m5 _9 R) c' c4 O/ G& m+ u" e
: ~6 s+ B/ |7 H l) H
Honoring the Dead2 Y: x& y/ `! ^
43. Political mourning; ~! G. i4 W+ Y0 B# m% K
44. Mock funerals
. C! @0 ~3 [& ]& O# D 45. Demonstrative funerals
5 L! q3 j- D: V! c, E H 46. Homage at burial places* r+ }+ b1 u- B7 C" Y k) q2 L
$ B1 B! Y1 F. OPublic Assemblies
z/ X y7 O/ {% M) r8 x5 r 47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 e% \# D) X& Y 48. Protest meetings8 W0 ^$ m0 M; m M+ p
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
3 j0 x! T) [, w" v2 Q 50. Teach-ins% q! E' e k5 e# z6 J5 M$ L6 X
. W1 {% c0 O e
Withdrawal and Renunciation+ W$ Z* S! H) k$ _3 Z' G1 p
51. Walk-outs0 a" ?- P' S+ U! J3 a2 f: u8 D
52. Silence. j+ `4 Y4 d3 R
53. Renouncing honors
/ d' S7 Z* f' F/ \' ~4 \ 54. Turning one’s back j3 c3 T( S9 o7 O9 Z. W
; o# X# W3 V8 U 2 }4 t- ], J3 M* [* U* q9 Y
' i7 m; g: _' E9 L" g; J$ r$ FTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ u+ @2 }! ~' k3 y0 Y. @) M3 L# [
, ~6 X2 M& l4 B1 M5 Z# Q$ `/ |
* ~% P- h8 i I/ _+ q
) n, Y4 m) I+ h0 UOstracism of Persons
4 j( C! t- O3 B, P2 h 55. Social boycott
# K8 W% J1 ?! N( q( z4 q 56. Selective social boycott. X$ [) c4 i" P* }
57. Lysistratic nonaction! J/ r; ~6 b+ |' \7 \: f8 e
58. Excommunication
0 q* ]+ b. I0 l: g; Z6 M6 l% { 59. Interdict
+ ]4 `; b- \( V3 {2 Z
# h+ m9 p2 B2 f2 X3 ]' wNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions. @3 @8 L- B& W* x6 |7 {' ^3 w1 B$ T
60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 S. j# h5 v: Q3 T
61. Boycott of social affairs
: Y9 a7 H( v7 j5 ~; U: o 62. Student strike
; }/ }. |2 m- v! R8 Z 63. Social disobedience
- I9 o# P- \) z# |+ B 64. Withdrawal from social institutions) u& P7 u8 C& v# T
& k" ~) K0 W) }& w6 L
Withdrawal from the Social System
0 ~8 e9 D* s1 I2 N* M 65. Stay-at-home
& F, c# t/ y- O( [2 U# y2 V# r 66. Total personal noncooperation
" n6 Z( ?( @7 X: e* q' w7 g- G2 Z 67. “Flight” of workers5 D- Q8 p$ h; X% _/ X
68. Sanctuary* p" h- c O2 C7 z
69. Collective disappearance
- i9 |" U" [6 y% a2 t 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): S# a7 q# q, d
4 n# l" A6 |( L
- p- Z. C7 j) j* n1 d, K8 C. E: _! F2 @$ B$ E
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
2 E/ Z9 w4 ~6 h
" X# d, [, V6 s 6 [( S0 ?% c7 Z6 u! B# k& C
Actions by Consumers' U8 q1 _& f. E K7 I, n1 F; S
71. Consumers’ boycott0 H3 L, M# F3 o5 G& _# B0 B% @
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods. R$ Z- R9 E; t
73. Policy of austerity4 U5 F) w2 h, R& \
74. Rent withholding
" G- \4 ?* C3 W- E 75. Refusal to rent& i: c6 c* e3 a% d, H
76. National consumers’ boycott8 d$ l' r9 C3 |' K. O- c
77. International consumers’ boycott
- x5 H( V! e8 h. A% d, Y
. \1 C% ^5 o2 GAction by Workers and Producers
( k X: y1 Q3 j+ B 78. Workmen’s boycott$ F& f, v! ]& ]. F4 Y/ [ G
79. Producers’ boycott# ~6 C& l' `, ^ \) E- M: P
- `5 s8 F5 P$ I6 B1 |
Action by Middlemen$ d5 A# K* Z! h
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott0 o7 F1 b. {; m9 a
) J5 Q4 _* X2 J0 J+ p9 b/ K
Action by Owners and Management
$ N# W7 o( P$ g7 h 81. Traders’ boycott
: `: d: O. l( ~: p 82. Refusal to let or sell property7 ]' F# K- |, i6 V& s" k3 e7 X6 f4 k
83. Lockout
& y2 P& H2 ]+ _$ R! ^ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! k- R5 T4 A& ^3 |6 c1 [ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
5 B5 g* ^$ Z8 I% P" A
" f8 ?( [! v& f ?Action by Holders of Financial Resources
/ W% f* A$ e$ h, K 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
1 J1 Q/ u, Q4 {* P, H% J" t8 B 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 ?- b ]( `: e* l& i" t% ~- @' k9 L 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest1 j0 u7 K8 |: G5 ]
89. Severance of funds and credit6 e0 m1 f& {+ r0 `* B
90. Revenue refusal2 F9 m' l; @5 u7 E8 {& T9 w9 O. L5 J
91. Refusal of a government’s money
6 {$ E9 Y5 X2 J: p6 X; M! H% D1 C ^
/ O$ E* |. I7 ?: Y jAction by Governments
; W# w( Q) p6 g3 H: z 92. Domestic embargo+ W }0 l# F* J! c4 l. g% [* q
93. Blacklisting of traders
4 z4 C1 d1 r5 I" _ Q 94. International sellers’ embargo
# b& z' d% ^3 n- u. k8 S# W 95. International buyers’ embargo0 v6 |- I! R; t$ B1 M% k
96. International trade embargo
) t- Z+ I" k: A; V! ^# A/ }" j! _. m3 W ]
9 f# c" C7 ]) X
S5 r' ?) v4 d( aTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
) a% L6 A' T/ {+ ^
4 p, `1 O$ z: G' U9 @1 U1 J% E @ : ~" V' p& U7 _0 E; [0 J
Symbolic Strikes# U% a% u, B* G+ g2 p. w3 l
97. Protest strike& c, V$ R i% M# k2 X! b8 O. \
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)* u2 d+ p* }# R' J7 K5 O7 w
- u! _' |% U1 a& I7 C. e8 x" c
Agricultural Strikes$ h% R. y7 W7 r0 w$ n7 K$ Q. m
99. Peasant strike+ @4 k% u6 b1 O, K, Z$ y
100. Farm Workers’ strike
/ m7 `7 B+ }! n9 z+ L' `" ? J
5 f) c, A1 J% B- y- g5 E4 @) c& SStrikes by Special Groups
. Z8 }& I. i# z; U) ~3 A/ C; X 101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ }0 Z2 y1 I1 Z; K% L9 R2 G 102. Prisoners’ strike I0 {# X% ^) @8 f+ B- L0 _& o6 V4 `: v6 i, w
103. Craft strike+ r- t! f' E ?
104. Professional strike% t0 b9 N+ Y e
x5 N7 A. [% D' B+ YOrdinary Industrial Strikes
$ x( k& p5 L1 [ 105. Establishment strike
0 V8 e; _4 p5 e* S. U 106. Industry strike
+ j/ U* O/ s. P0 `/ j, a+ X1 \ 107. Sympathetic strike
; e; z" T( |( [! v& H* z! `6 O/ K- S5 ?* \/ v2 B
Restricted Strikes
# }5 ]8 h; H& J: s3 t2 K 108. Detailed strike
3 @. `4 ^* r, u 109. Bumper strike
" r8 f4 z0 M" z5 V 110. Slowdown strike3 H2 I0 J; }6 {+ E! u5 u9 Z
111. Working-to-rule strike
+ Z4 H+ e5 n7 j. v) v 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)+ d% |! f* C& b( p1 H, A& z0 \
113. Strike by resignation$ G5 U4 X1 J# `* J
114. Limited strike
- O1 i- i6 Z+ K+ x 115. Selective strike, | K- Z" Q+ v8 v( I
+ Z( B! y0 _, J. f4 d+ L' F" B* JMulti-Industry Strikes
( V9 n" m& I9 O+ w5 s
" a$ k* y9 z) @, \1 r/ o 116. Generalized strike n" O3 o6 g' j1 B: f1 L' D1 G' V
1 a$ L! f# c( g$ J
117. General strike- ^" J* M$ a5 W; x; Y a: @2 [
* G" ?3 m9 v) f1 F* GCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ I! [5 @! G: ~" G0 ?) ~2 M
# v6 x; \1 A' W! Z1 s- Q4 s
118. Hartal1 n" H$ W3 Q' R5 S# L4 ]
4 R5 ?$ P2 j6 X0 o( v5 V1 g 119. Economic shutdown
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3 E9 i! I) Z" V9 r/ a+ o O" d* K ^' R& N2 ~
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
9 V' e q' j, c E2 o% w% G9 z$ h5 G4 @* u: E7 h1 d6 F
" H9 u: C% Q* ]: M( z* I5 wRejection of Authority; J# U! q5 ~9 x8 V$ v/ J
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance" l) F1 Q- `, c' o: f
121. Refusal of public support9 l, `: W9 u# a- ^7 |
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
( s0 A& e' W6 `2 {
) O r# a+ m6 V1 ]( ?Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
1 O3 N: ]8 l! s2 y" A3 I 123. Boycott of legislative bodies# c- x" c6 Y0 G2 M
124. Boycott of elections
# J( A U3 P8 s. Y- T( `) |& O 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
* V0 V5 X% n! r+ F. Y9 V7 U* C 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
: x, e6 T7 q1 ~9 T 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
r. G2 F |- l 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations3 d9 Z9 a' {* `# D1 \0 ~
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents5 u# U3 _( y4 J! |# i' p
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
6 `) G4 \+ U. `3 K 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials* B$ {' S8 |+ e. J
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
9 T; Q' H, c% H) g; }2 u" W% c/ A8 E8 K. G" {
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience+ @( y: x7 S, x+ t
133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 W0 q3 \% f4 d V- q
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision& [( [0 t1 N8 a6 l& n
135. Popular nonobedience
x7 V7 W J/ J. c& R( H, z( _: k: \ 136. Disguised disobedience# T( L d7 A; S# a0 `' Z- d
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' U' ]/ A5 v3 B3 I% e
138. Sitdown
. Z3 W! t' x5 p9 _: r* |) l9 I0 c. O 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 _# {( |+ M" l# M$ O5 P& }2 ` S 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
/ o! h+ P; ]" K l7 \ 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
! e5 y7 x4 b' m% X* I! O+ k) j
3 u8 N( g, A. ~% [Action by Government Personnel
9 T( y+ j( k4 b" ^2 p8 Q0 h 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides V3 A. O: }+ w9 i# S3 u" e( L# Z. M
143. Blocking of lines of command and information0 R9 O7 K: Z# D7 j
144. Stalling and obstruction' T% U5 D* t$ `8 C
145. General administrative noncooperation
/ i) @: W) s0 e' n* ^8 w/ s) `. q2 I0 u/ V
146. Judicial noncooperation
2 |- z4 h3 u' _3 M* P, V 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents# V* {3 Z1 A3 X1 M- m1 l
148. Mutiny6 l( x/ t) B- E: m% ?" ]% X
Domestic Governmental Action
; D; H( e) ^- J; W 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
]! R7 W& n% W4 {6 k: b- ] a 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" B* Z- a F; z9 e
9 {( A, {" e2 \+ _
International Governmental Action
+ ~8 q# [4 b4 O7 j* G& p* G5 Q 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
- M! ~: l- {% Q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! `$ g! X/ g6 f0 v" R
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
4 u& L) w! D# E. a 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
1 l# j# ?& u, @ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations6 \& p6 V% R9 t4 I! {
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
% c5 d0 |8 U1 C 157. Expulsion from international organizations& v4 p. ^7 X. h4 \9 p5 a
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6 B) J+ T/ g, OTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION) N2 [/ G. v7 G2 ]9 W( Y" x: T3 B: ^
; L8 Z( c& Z. c- E' h
5 K. W: @. o9 B/ y& W' A2 t/ uPsychological Intervention
6 c3 }) ?; W3 m. \! b 158. Self-exposure to the elements8 q% `! Z, I% a8 L7 O( f+ k
159. The fast( R- _4 s& M4 J0 e2 s5 R/ w
a) Fast of moral pressure
0 L$ P! y* h) ?5 m0 j, l. R b) Hunger strike9 `) u) A+ @$ _. G
c) Satyagrahic fast @4 L6 h9 ~0 ]5 \9 l* M
160. Reverse trial
" U' k+ w; u+ y2 {/ ` 161. Nonviolent harassment( }& X9 i' @/ ]9 P
5 q6 L- G5 C- a! KPhysical Intervention( g: Z `8 C8 V2 S2 m$ B
162. Sit-in
$ w8 S, T" u2 \ q% J4 W 163. Stand-in
% h* G; z. E' ]/ Q' `! }) k8 c 164. Ride-in
) m. v/ q" E. v4 Q$ ?8 { 165. Wade-in
. o7 F7 X7 u! i& D( ?0 U 166. Mill-in: O6 b$ u. _$ b, ^
167. Pray-in
9 O$ P( o( n& V8 ` 168. Nonviolent raids
) B, G+ Y3 \. D 169. Nonviolent air raids) B0 d* ?" H2 ^+ E7 [! k u4 ]
170. Nonviolent invasion4 o1 g4 C- Q; i: F, ~6 k
171. Nonviolent interjection
$ V a( q F3 g+ G5 P: ?" i! e* H 172. Nonviolent obstruction# z, G( W j& f
173. Nonviolent occupation4 ?9 S! ~- V$ v% ^- Y
2 o1 y( k6 u( r* [% RSocial Intervention
: N& v8 u6 ]+ `/ H; ^7 _. m# q1 x 174. Establishing new social patterns
- s5 q! d$ a" c1 }( X! h' r' o 175. Overloading of facilities9 D0 ?9 Y! ]1 C9 u
176. Stall-in
, i- k" O/ L- S L0 Y+ _ 177. Speak-in( @/ x# c" b V8 n. y
178. Guerrilla theater. L- h1 m" E2 {3 c+ m. v( H
179. Alternative social institutions
) e, M) G' H4 e4 G# x& J7 q* b 180. Alternative communication system7 r3 K! T: D; F& p& h
0 V* s, E" z% r5 [: G3 A/ UEconomic Intervention) K. L9 U) U) x4 m4 |- h {6 ]% B
181. Reverse strike! l& `1 Y$ n2 j8 ~) k
182. Stay-in strike/ q8 L! _5 k% ^' W7 k
183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ s5 H& |4 a) ^* l 184. Defiance of blockades
$ d* Q/ f N% L% ]9 q 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
$ R7 @5 m3 p( R) V* w% b% s& m: A 186. Preclusive purchasing |7 q% V4 h: [8 B0 k; I
187. Seizure of assets
0 P9 l9 o0 J+ ]7 D 188. Dumping) D# U- K2 L9 G
189. Selective patronage% S3 S0 P! { M2 Y7 L1 s
190. Alternative markets
/ J$ e3 [/ t" W' D1 S b# B2 {" o 191. Alternative transportation systems" s7 g/ _3 @ X+ Q% P* l! K
192. Alternative economic institutions
2 C, ^, y+ n/ j2 i( l" x% D2 _ w
4 a9 |" K) ^9 B! e8 U* S) J/ H2 TPolitical Intervention
% X# w3 c Y1 ]% X* v 193. Overloading of administrative systems
- o4 A) o" u5 E; ]5 S, H6 G 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
0 t3 C7 n2 h& R2 @4 P3 M( l 195. Seeking imprisonment' r9 n. `5 H2 z
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, I' N" o4 q# k1 J& C: h 197. Work-on without collaboration
: l0 M( u. p3 d% ~) X6 h& T 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
