 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION" \$ m$ P$ ?) c0 j/ `! ~+ }! c9 A
Formal Statements0 k+ X0 h8 ?$ ]; u
1. Public Speeches
) Z! m2 W L5 t5 s 2. Letters of opposition or support
5 c' C) ]5 j6 W2 X 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. y2 I S: q2 N# K9 @' O8 \5 B 4. Signed public statements: m4 s# d3 y1 i' B
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
3 m% M& r( W1 S5 n# x" z& t9 y5 [' ~ 6. Group or mass petitions
1 R/ O; |. V3 g% w: C/ p' J0 @. H1 c d9 u) W
Communications with a Wider Audience
3 z% f- I) i9 X& k' k6 o 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols# @+ E1 D/ h2 n
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
0 P" B" P7 U7 ?) _ 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' s7 [6 y9 J# r- O) f. M: a6 n3 b: R 10. Newspapers and journals
. j( ?& [' h5 ? 11. Records, radio, and television2 u3 D3 i8 V2 i
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" B B# I8 N6 W' M x7 J
. R/ {$ Z0 l2 OGroup Representations
1 i5 ]- R) ^9 ?6 A 13. Deputations8 f' H+ e' f* n9 r
14. Mock awards3 c7 {: A4 H4 \! s+ C9 M i
15. Group lobbying$ m6 V9 `: i' ^4 R
16. Picketing
+ Y1 j( q& p$ Y' v* n0 \+ i 17. Mock elections; K1 n. |7 B( \$ i" K0 c/ ?
% Z9 f) R/ ]" d7 _1 Y, hSymbolic Public Acts1 u/ e7 d7 U6 M, B
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
J9 L1 Z4 u! _( p 19. Wearing of symbols: y: v; t& r$ A; a/ y# c
20. Prayer and worship: g5 P- \! k* @1 y# P6 H
21. Delivering symbolic objects. `9 }2 _* w/ T6 v
22. Protest disrobings6 T; @6 {3 y7 d) B% e( F& k6 U; ^
23. Destruction of own property1 R: Y; I% L' Z( v! |1 {6 n
24. Symbolic lights
. r9 y3 s2 o4 p0 x0 D, N0 G ? 25. Displays of portraits
( u% S8 m5 P6 ?! H9 H) p( v 26. Paint as protest
4 m- R4 H$ N* }8 ?* O, z 27. New signs and names/ j4 g( S- _# V* C3 V
28. Symbolic sounds
( Z1 |2 p7 f" U 29. Symbolic reclamations {* D8 H5 V Y2 k
30. Rude gestures6 Y" V2 v- \4 ]% _7 K( q
9 v& r! R" k( i4 @3 c1 D" p4 c
Pressures on Individuals" R" z/ F0 ~, B% K
31. “Haunting” officials* O9 T" \6 B& e; y2 n! O
32. Taunting officials
, o& ?! ?, U; o# Q6 l9 |7 j' T 33. Fraternization
( F \6 T" x$ k& @1 X" c 34. Vigils& W% E/ U- w. d: t5 ]- ^# Q
H! e- Y% _# \7 s" ]$ t
Drama and Music
0 s4 G5 y2 b# m, u 35. Humorous skits and pranks
/ S9 x8 N% f6 I1 A. J$ T% R 36. Performances of plays and music
9 k3 r4 w8 l1 h, J/ W 37. Singing
8 n; g, W* V M, n# a7 S( u* {2 l3 [0 g4 Z- _: p; K( n
Processions
: N6 |( t& M. p0 ~. A3 O 38. Marches* A% Y( j* I$ t# a" [' x
39. Parades
+ u) |! i! { J w5 k 40. Religious processions! w$ w! N1 j+ `
41. Pilgrimages" O. \/ [$ M5 A8 z q- `4 L
42. Motorcades
( j5 [6 W" A# ^! N7 w8 M2 _2 i5 l! m. q8 T6 U/ R7 P
Honoring the Dead, [& J! i( H: _, J
43. Political mourning
5 o& H i; ?8 W, {& O0 M0 | 44. Mock funerals+ H& L+ [2 R7 a8 z5 L
45. Demonstrative funerals# @! `5 }% f, q+ e% a
46. Homage at burial places
" T3 ?% t* _2 I$ U
6 ~/ @% U1 N lPublic Assemblies; t: J7 ~/ r0 r; ?5 A, q
47. Assemblies of protest or support7 Y5 Z8 P+ `/ U/ |$ a
48. Protest meetings) S# C! G P% i
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ R' k" h$ i2 x. V
50. Teach-ins
0 l7 x& s p% [! p* B3 N5 }& C# y, u; u* m5 p# K& U
Withdrawal and Renunciation! x0 o7 T1 o! l& h
51. Walk-outs4 ] X, o: ]% M; [& c
52. Silence
* C0 J5 H' G+ t0 ]5 v 53. Renouncing honors
1 ]5 k" C* Y. p5 u 54. Turning one’s back1 U# T! }) J6 ?* t4 ] c
8 ?7 X0 F# N) s8 r9 @' A7 I
0 |/ N5 |. v f
1 \* i9 e3 b. PTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
- `& a7 d! |( c
7 V8 h* O" M: n# h9 b# l
- s! }' x4 _! ^+ k8 h7 g2 T5 F% F2 A$ ~" [, M
Ostracism of Persons
& p* _# v) r5 }9 ?0 Y 55. Social boycott
" }: b2 {" [# D9 r+ M4 P 56. Selective social boycott
: L* X) L% j% C+ o3 W 57. Lysistratic nonaction
* T) c, B* D; P 58. Excommunication0 H* o9 n# _1 y1 s% B6 v4 Z
59. Interdict
& Q" i2 p/ v/ r" J. G* J; m" t1 L2 a% q0 ~, w3 M% K
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" @) t4 O/ \ Y. [) ]2 {! c0 O
60. Suspension of social and sports activities- W* m5 B6 e* y5 `- i
61. Boycott of social affairs
2 Z6 c0 \8 _; b3 Q7 x2 M 62. Student strike
0 s& m& |1 v' m4 T$ y 63. Social disobedience5 O0 _! Z$ E0 S8 T: r
64. Withdrawal from social institutions4 l2 K7 W! Q3 p. H' ]6 R
; L& p @# \5 lWithdrawal from the Social System
: f+ O! X. m( H5 b( d( |% [ 65. Stay-at-home* P& u1 ]2 [# l8 g' N( h z7 n
66. Total personal noncooperation3 t. s, M3 |3 s
67. “Flight” of workers
* [7 c) @8 H: x$ L$ {5 G& } 68. Sanctuary) C5 s' ~: { z, f; \' f7 g, k2 s
69. Collective disappearance' q1 e. q; k( a* D7 Q
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 \8 r, K" K* \6 ^
) ?4 X$ w% Z9 g) R
7 F" R7 F, }3 J; B% I& b5 U
: v* R( D* q8 R6 m( P# N8 H
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
$ ~7 X5 n8 ~3 A+ r. T$ I
2 u7 ~6 F3 K$ X1 D e8 s
' p; D0 O- Y6 Z: O$ A( }2 WActions by Consumers" S5 K7 N6 H/ i! z; U ~
71. Consumers’ boycott6 m1 T, L$ L/ g5 ]
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
9 v B& @5 X6 S& O7 B* T 73. Policy of austerity
4 f& ^0 v* E( b% C 74. Rent withholding
8 R4 j2 F( v1 Q: c 75. Refusal to rent
- G2 J! ?9 Q+ D5 y; g3 C! X" X6 d" S 76. National consumers’ boycott9 y7 _ Y1 Y' I: p
77. International consumers’ boycott
3 `$ ?' O. @% ~# A: U: ?# h0 X! m' o$ E. U* a
Action by Workers and Producers |: W, _) |8 j, O; O# p
78. Workmen’s boycott
( [& a1 |0 i5 C+ c2 M 79. Producers’ boycott
]' p8 |0 U, D2 y- D) w! H: ]) r, i% I) c1 f. g2 R' J7 Q3 I
Action by Middlemen2 J1 E* i' R7 g7 D
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott1 O: S$ z+ E+ i( J0 ~
3 c" H( B5 }: I4 v3 Y+ S
Action by Owners and Management, B7 ]3 s0 s+ X: m- ]
81. Traders’ boycott9 x8 O3 w* h n; @
82. Refusal to let or sell property
; e7 @5 V4 }! i/ n& v! J. j- E 83. Lockout
; u, i; R: l" X* E8 d+ L" ?# a 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
9 ^! P% D0 h" h! c+ n4 ^2 h 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
$ `% u- {4 k1 F) {. I2 O/ p& R' Q p% ^3 P2 [, p2 T# ~( r5 S
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
$ m/ O2 u1 `) p( S* ]* u" l& c 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
7 c4 W$ h. P0 ?# t* Y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
, a! }- B7 H1 Q& x 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
4 x& d, _- g9 E7 C" E 89. Severance of funds and credit
$ N/ p$ E1 U( Q 90. Revenue refusal/ p7 ?9 K; U& Z" T. j7 X. z
91. Refusal of a government’s money* n1 O! Z e; J( x6 F
, ]% q: e% z1 ?, ?9 G& ~/ ]9 `
Action by Governments
! X6 d; H0 `$ ^% S" D! U S1 c 92. Domestic embargo" } Q$ |- Q! \4 h/ f) R- k/ F1 x
93. Blacklisting of traders" m. c/ A/ J1 c& V( [
94. International sellers’ embargo9 x: Z3 L _4 X+ E5 r
95. International buyers’ embargo" s& b4 T; `0 D s: A
96. International trade embargo8 W( m6 H4 ] g+ b! F$ a
% ]9 @' t9 Q$ X$ {
: Y9 V+ [9 y& B* M& S) V& j7 R( E: P9 X$ ^8 r
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ j9 G. o/ U0 L; M/ ^8 q* W
! s6 U# Y2 S4 D
7 a5 X: `7 D! x/ ?4 e/ _Symbolic Strikes
8 Q0 r; v& U, Z! o9 T+ X/ A2 T* M { 97. Protest strike0 w7 E8 Z, M7 d3 l
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)6 Q! |6 }# q- S9 p2 l2 W
! _: f0 \6 t6 aAgricultural Strikes, R7 i' j1 B- q- G' W
99. Peasant strike$ G& C/ \8 z6 N# P
100. Farm Workers’ strike+ H- V( g+ [2 e! N6 i9 K
' H! g) ]5 K- S8 {+ T: f1 U
Strikes by Special Groups+ k( M6 f9 Y) r, e+ ^
101. Refusal of impressed labor
; ~9 F& F. y0 J7 E& q2 U0 h5 [4 Q1 D- ~ 102. Prisoners’ strike
: e h d) w/ [5 ?; o! x# s 103. Craft strike6 j6 }+ G+ ^% e% m! h
104. Professional strike
. b- T' |) j2 X- p) a; A
1 g8 J* D/ ~" S; f ]Ordinary Industrial Strikes. ]; O! N# Q; g+ {9 N) c
105. Establishment strike
+ B9 d3 S3 F3 }5 P 106. Industry strike0 t9 ]) m) J7 ^3 D, N0 L1 R
107. Sympathetic strike6 ^, R, B0 _/ f; h+ e4 O
) k* n8 L8 Z: w. ^6 XRestricted Strikes
/ s5 N) j8 B1 Y 108. Detailed strike
6 q7 l. [4 N7 c4 N: a0 ], f: Q 109. Bumper strike
% f: g: u7 H2 f2 W3 [- j) b! O8 w! ? 110. Slowdown strike
9 K) Z( ^4 ^4 M2 ~ 111. Working-to-rule strike
9 Q* e. e$ v8 f$ u; B 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)" u+ g+ A2 c# H; \
113. Strike by resignation
1 b1 y3 t4 k A: X3 E9 G 114. Limited strike
! M3 R! i4 [( B# g/ T 115. Selective strike6 N: ], y! O% [- P
" l0 a( `' O% `: _Multi-Industry Strikes
0 {! k- K/ |7 v* H
# I; Y: e& q; t+ }1 Z0 N- Y8 ` 116. Generalized strike
5 s$ a. F' M9 X, N2 q# p. h* Z( F, i8 `5 Y, w0 H% C3 z. q
117. General strike
' ]" z! m- b# S, [2 }) w) t. ~4 ~+ I6 R* g4 v: c, P/ k/ @1 D
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures4 d2 E- t# d' r; V$ c
6 L) E# _( M: n% g5 {5 O' |5 w! O 118. Hartal
2 z$ A Z% n* W) F a
- y# e2 i$ k9 \4 Z. p 119. Economic shutdown- t: f+ H1 h0 w+ ]2 Q0 E/ k
& M% J5 a/ @9 M4 Z
2 ^. \2 u" `8 `# D& l9 G6 o" @6 Y" c6 d h2 i
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ f; }1 e1 A3 ~8 p( }/ J% C
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Rejection of Authority* O V& W- c2 [+ s6 b" W
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance+ \ _0 k. | Y$ ^! ~
121. Refusal of public support
/ c0 X% T$ V" j( W! V4 J$ D v 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
/ D: |& E8 J3 W1 |
1 s% y0 S! |- g; {0 O9 l$ mCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government3 l3 h0 M5 x9 J8 C Y
123. Boycott of legislative bodies* M* Q) i$ V3 U, q7 v7 d5 }/ h4 u
124. Boycott of elections( x7 w, ~) L0 x9 _6 s- C0 }
125. Boycott of government employment and positions! S* ^. b( l; Y+ Y( y7 t
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 {( L# }6 q) h8 O7 t5 E 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
$ d9 i8 K: C3 b' O5 M: f' O$ ] 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations' B/ ^1 i! S' V$ o. T/ {
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
; S+ j$ b9 h! n, l) j' F 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" G9 F' x' ^6 m2 k3 l5 C 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 T9 z% D# A2 n. I$ o8 v; ^
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
' m s' K# _; h5 m: [1 Z( M
) e) r# d; u; ?8 i. o5 FCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
' ~$ e( J) L6 B7 x, i 133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 Y( j0 Z$ w) C/ G% B
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision+ \& f0 A+ ?7 f; Z
135. Popular nonobedience+ G( n: _5 `7 m- Y* J: G0 l" X
136. Disguised disobedience5 |/ h$ Q' u1 o
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse- o- h& y2 P% ]4 t( a- B; p
138. Sitdown' B# \8 t3 D' m0 J( i1 @' F5 m
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
* |5 h3 B8 ~* \( z8 B0 ^ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities* M) H P$ G# v2 n% x) I/ i
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ m& o$ w- _8 P* ]* D& x6 K! w6 B; @
Action by Government Personnel" d! G: l- E9 X! E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides/ D+ b2 a! K6 v
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
" t( {! u, J5 Z+ m2 K. R 144. Stalling and obstruction
2 R+ p! T3 A- q2 T! y9 Y' I 145. General administrative noncooperation" u# u/ l, f* x' r/ {
0 V& y/ e- W* R6 u$ ~: {
146. Judicial noncooperation! T4 L2 |2 p1 p* @, s
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
. Y- F. \5 S- [6 [% n 148. Mutiny* m4 h7 X/ p5 y
Domestic Governmental Action
: ^' F, r" _7 R& o 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays9 ^# `, h) T) P
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units: d" v, [# m( h& _% W
5 H' P, | A, Q; P7 G
International Governmental Action
1 L% U/ f$ P3 M& L 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations; ~3 _: _. s# `/ G' ~
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events1 S% M4 a" A6 S" u+ I" m7 A
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
}9 k" q* M, S% p6 o+ g 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' c: G5 D+ M9 Z& g
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 ?/ a: n; y8 W& M 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies- V7 Q* t$ }) M" R r/ ?- ^( q
157. Expulsion from international organizations- }4 p1 W# r8 h
% \' l8 C% Z3 i d% P4 B7 v* Q9 v ' e! U, V# [ w4 t/ Q
" w, M; O2 r w6 a n- }
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
! z* C1 o$ G* _" C5 Y$ Q( F2 L" U
2 H1 \5 Y; l7 V4 @ H % M8 G/ w$ [; K6 y0 D1 v0 ]' O' R
Psychological Intervention
: } g3 ?- Q; ^1 Y2 s m$ L 158. Self-exposure to the elements5 l# \- \$ e: }2 x" _
159. The fast
1 ^' }0 o8 w& d a) Fast of moral pressure
9 Z4 a. `8 O4 @9 g ?& | b) Hunger strike4 l1 P5 [8 j& b' X8 X
c) Satyagrahic fast7 [# n* L1 i0 l6 _/ {
160. Reverse trial
' @ [1 u, F$ o: T 161. Nonviolent harassment
5 T% w9 [: J+ h, e- ~' B8 t2 N5 D# ]) M4 K( M% w, D& X
Physical Intervention
4 q6 K; p3 j, y( A m6 Y 162. Sit-in+ D6 ]; p8 n: M( Q6 A6 z3 Q; w
163. Stand-in
0 f2 O4 h' Z, j 164. Ride-in! R+ J5 Q# @6 j8 G! _. X5 F
165. Wade-in) l' G$ K2 z6 { O9 i& Z4 X
166. Mill-in4 ^' l1 B. V, A9 @$ q' N
167. Pray-in5 ^& A$ Y& `2 s: l
168. Nonviolent raids
9 O+ |% c/ A* D 169. Nonviolent air raids
: o3 H: c5 e! D! G' Q 170. Nonviolent invasion y8 ?* w( n( Y' H
171. Nonviolent interjection2 c7 z0 h1 |& N5 n) P, Z
172. Nonviolent obstruction
: e( H8 t+ E% {* n3 h: y, y 173. Nonviolent occupation$ G o! a2 B: J( B5 U0 T: E1 O
7 T, G3 Z& D" bSocial Intervention6 k0 K0 Y; d5 \! d* o
174. Establishing new social patterns
& b" ^% J9 s' s4 Q& \+ Q 175. Overloading of facilities D* O: `6 j) ^
176. Stall-in
( K7 L; C( v& u' e4 m 177. Speak-in
1 {1 b/ U; @7 R: ~# B0 e. E 178. Guerrilla theater
9 a* B# _! ]; H+ `$ h; s2 a 179. Alternative social institutions
# b2 R/ `7 {9 `& R- a" l, \% [' [- G 180. Alternative communication system
) q; o9 U. b g4 j8 U
7 q: p& |6 ?5 R2 W" r6 I2 C; x2 \Economic Intervention# f6 Y' {% ?% @2 [
181. Reverse strike
; `5 f. K- v& F6 ?2 R4 O, L1 u7 C 182. Stay-in strike
' w' T- O' m/ y& a) [' X; T0 Y 183. Nonviolent land seizure
! d. B; g" R% R9 Y 184. Defiance of blockades1 x* V* V( u, K5 _0 z1 M X
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting- Y) m! p& d: R# K& b$ O
186. Preclusive purchasing& }) h. L( J0 j
187. Seizure of assets
1 y1 q* L, v! |! x. J 188. Dumping$ k( y" n# O+ y. k2 Q2 N
189. Selective patronage
7 l) W# y4 o1 V# q) _1 F+ b+ u- y 190. Alternative markets: s2 b1 R; M! X# u
191. Alternative transportation systems+ P5 C# n, Z. J3 e
192. Alternative economic institutions
2 H; ^# z# d& w$ v4 N6 y' ?% i6 e0 q p$ c" E
Political Intervention
( E7 S2 G) W" W: h 193. Overloading of administrative systems
: L3 u" {; Z: y9 q 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- t4 A; H9 [# _2 \ 195. Seeking imprisonment
: f1 S! `/ P) c, X/ r, R 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws5 Q8 ?2 n, d! ?! @, Q6 F- m( U
197. Work-on without collaboration
: m5 ]4 \" }! p3 J& |" u7 F 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government7 P* q7 {/ V! p3 i$ v* J
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
