 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ c% j4 V: P: TFormal Statements( S0 |0 \9 G' @- } T7 z3 O
1. Public Speeches$ D8 g, i x8 G4 |! P$ Y3 Y1 N
2. Letters of opposition or support
5 h; V) e: Z$ F$ X' A" I; i* y 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions N7 R$ R& k2 y/ C
4. Signed public statements8 \# [3 L* B7 P- O7 |
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
9 o$ ?+ j* I7 d" c& E% [9 |% [8 A 6. Group or mass petitions
; @9 G+ O8 e+ b- \3 S4 f1 v& h( Y4 |/ W5 ?- ^8 p
Communications with a Wider Audience
! d/ c' C2 V+ a8 o 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* M: d$ `& Z+ Z) [5 w
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications; Y4 ?( D' p Z6 K3 z
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 d* p- t. M0 g3 n6 [. c" U* |, h
10. Newspapers and journals
5 Y/ @+ ?2 \3 m% @1 `4 F 11. Records, radio, and television, u* G+ G5 N- ?
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* X; \2 l P; Y- w) J2 v5 p& Z
2 O( H0 ?8 c. g. Y5 h/ iGroup Representations/ U3 R( k& [7 h) p4 W
13. Deputations
/ Y# l8 s# `; ~' ^5 x( y; s9 o 14. Mock awards7 r7 y, R) V2 @3 g/ K, G8 t3 i
15. Group lobbying
% S# \9 c8 A' F0 r7 q 16. Picketing! v+ i; l2 @/ l, C, H, f
17. Mock elections0 J6 g- G- [$ J$ z) w4 x$ a
) [ s/ [' ?6 L9 H) @9 n
Symbolic Public Acts
& g9 z/ C2 x! |% H2 {" L 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
' ~( M! G; s" m4 g 19. Wearing of symbols. W' G, U- h. t
20. Prayer and worship; ?0 ]2 w b% ?6 [4 W7 @3 U
21. Delivering symbolic objects
: d: ?- f% a! E% H+ O% u1 F 22. Protest disrobings9 l0 v) K; w- Y7 o0 T* r& a
23. Destruction of own property6 w2 n# k. C+ D9 y0 d
24. Symbolic lights; p' R7 t' F& n: P& [
25. Displays of portraits
4 e$ z K% i) ^. u 26. Paint as protest6 Q7 I( h \7 p6 i
27. New signs and names+ o4 C$ t. c) F) H s
28. Symbolic sounds
8 C* J* N1 `8 X/ t1 M% a 29. Symbolic reclamations
% f% ^/ \2 e6 w% b8 h 30. Rude gestures2 B7 E; h6 m* ]2 E
7 j. s! n% t" k. K2 F; APressures on Individuals
h' h$ K) [3 Z% V, H 31. “Haunting” officials
/ ]7 n3 V8 x* K 32. Taunting officials
. U) X. X6 t, ?$ @1 k7 L 33. Fraternization
" D6 c- }8 Y& g `# n3 a 34. Vigils
. d6 q$ l' r. k! v4 a; Z8 C9 U! q$ b
T# m6 s& k# h$ @' D, oDrama and Music
& w6 H4 X) Z6 b* r& X& M5 x4 u6 K. ? 35. Humorous skits and pranks& E, U& G3 U* ^: N; k! z
36. Performances of plays and music
0 _6 }7 M; Z- y. n8 c4 W 37. Singing4 P) c! k' {% {; W% ^
; w G. \8 ]% `) X5 B) DProcessions/ O- T, o& q. i# v2 `1 m
38. Marches
" A6 g4 l. |3 P 39. Parades; _1 h2 e% `4 y3 T6 _) x: B8 g
40. Religious processions
; p1 k) O% ]6 V i4 N5 D 41. Pilgrimages
& x$ W/ T( g2 K9 r7 U1 E* g 42. Motorcades
H8 M+ }; M) ~; t l+ J' b& g) _6 k" W: d2 Y
Honoring the Dead
% N0 _# z" L7 y% q& | 43. Political mourning6 l& ]# S+ @& a: E4 ?$ p" }
44. Mock funerals
4 S" G3 J9 C2 Q$ K- D. f 45. Demonstrative funerals
. U& p9 I" R4 N3 x 46. Homage at burial places% G0 h% T9 Y/ o; j
2 O4 S3 ^8 M; l$ ?, ] z0 ~- X
Public Assemblies
2 | ]6 s1 E6 \1 G: V 47. Assemblies of protest or support
9 m3 V* L! G7 Y! M 48. Protest meetings
1 y U' n" N6 S, b, l& ?+ \ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
7 k5 x5 Z$ v) [2 D( V! v* G/ F 50. Teach-ins
2 e5 P4 e# [7 t1 g
! B0 q" w5 \: _0 a& R) ?Withdrawal and Renunciation
$ ^' `& ^0 e3 N5 ?$ B/ y; _ 51. Walk-outs
! K" Y8 B4 X8 C# E/ Z3 { 52. Silence
. ?' G- e* @2 m- h* J9 U; ? 53. Renouncing honors1 \. ^0 J1 Q! F
54. Turning one’s back$ t! r+ A6 Y4 M% I( e# b1 t
3 Z, q& ]; m) [7 o' m: S+ ]* K9 d
( d7 `! {- h' [$ u) Z' {1 R1 ^; ]( U+ |7 T: t2 ^
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
/ ]4 y1 m5 w0 B: e+ f( U
7 N8 }7 P, X' f! O+ e
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! C, W. u% J9 a' g0 s: L6 h. n1 h) X& YOstracism of Persons
* S( w2 O) N. f* Z9 \ 55. Social boycott5 }5 q/ n! s/ Z( \% q3 E
56. Selective social boycott
$ B$ O- ?/ X0 `! z 57. Lysistratic nonaction4 b% L7 D9 ?& Q$ k" x
58. Excommunication" Q/ {# h- o! Y) N. O l
59. Interdict6 I) I3 R" _; B8 n5 N, p: s* l6 K5 \
8 S( X+ [8 R, G% J% _' Y6 e
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions- Q- B+ m0 g% a
60. Suspension of social and sports activities* O8 b/ L* |5 D* p. d3 V0 E
61. Boycott of social affairs
5 Q) j$ I3 w& z4 J1 c 62. Student strike& C7 o# P# x9 i; s: G9 r: F
63. Social disobedience3 e, o% y' b, v6 k, _( s1 M
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 Y( U+ Y2 x1 |& h3 Q% @8 G& Q- [/ X9 O/ e3 R" k3 d
Withdrawal from the Social System! }4 i+ P# `% q; K" M+ w; F
65. Stay-at-home! O8 I( X5 g! H6 @/ o! Q S
66. Total personal noncooperation& c# g/ C9 d0 M
67. “Flight” of workers" l; \9 }2 v3 j4 N
68. Sanctuary" o. B5 S. |4 X3 U& Q
69. Collective disappearance! i/ b; x$ p# m i
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)4 }7 t5 k% f: `! h3 |3 m- g1 S
+ B6 f4 B) i- G, v
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6 z/ f# Z) ]. n, M( ]. p# DTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 D7 T/ w' I- _. a* m9 ~: S
* G N- u) v' z U2 @) @
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Actions by Consumers
: c, f8 G: Z. n7 o6 Z2 w5 w 71. Consumers’ boycott n$ Z, J& Y2 h. N
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' Q% D+ u, ?1 C& _ 73. Policy of austerity$ k6 P. r# y* Y4 s
74. Rent withholding5 J7 w4 W, u2 E* {
75. Refusal to rent. }* L9 o/ y2 L, V
76. National consumers’ boycott
( A1 s0 [+ ?' Z+ i3 c 77. International consumers’ boycott
! d' S: Y9 I4 @+ Y4 W2 c
5 e! ]4 A$ r! H6 q/ w5 {8 R) _Action by Workers and Producers
) _; d0 S% ~6 q) i1 C 78. Workmen’s boycott
& H! Y6 {6 s5 ~1 P5 [- W& E 79. Producers’ boycott
: O8 x+ j. Q4 A L- q7 c9 f0 v2 p/ b7 P- H: `3 G
Action by Middlemen
0 N5 K7 R# R$ u 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% J! d. Y: x9 @. F/ S+ M9 b1 {3 F! J1 w
9 m( V7 r) Q( FAction by Owners and Management
6 w, X. |/ W6 u# k% S1 w" y 81. Traders’ boycott2 q3 T8 V/ l+ w9 w
82. Refusal to let or sell property
8 x" \2 a( i5 i. l+ g 83. Lockout, ~. Q1 F6 E( {! P1 h! D
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
' J# ]* H! R- `$ }# w1 ~ 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
8 e$ \7 j( u4 k7 L+ e! w! B
: g/ o5 R7 d% V" E3 h- ~+ IAction by Holders of Financial Resources6 R# x5 c* K$ G; `3 G5 s- p
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
: ]; w+ a8 H9 ^5 a3 @' H/ [ 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments6 ~4 O9 e1 ]3 d9 P- J: A& ~
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
2 Y$ N" D& U" f4 }# v b% K 89. Severance of funds and credit* C9 E G9 y J+ d8 n; ]* ]4 k
90. Revenue refusal3 M# j. F2 |& [$ j
91. Refusal of a government’s money
2 A5 H# G3 O( Z2 K0 w5 L' e9 z6 g6 s. T2 O3 r% w* w7 x, {
Action by Governments
3 b% d7 `& g& i' u 92. Domestic embargo
; A# `. `# Y9 o, P 93. Blacklisting of traders" x* ]* o* V* b8 ~- q# N! U: ~: b
94. International sellers’ embargo% L6 p$ d8 w' H- `3 N7 G
95. International buyers’ embargo
9 ~+ v, u, q* v 96. International trade embargo3 s' c. {$ i( Z) V; E
6 ?3 W2 K3 Q3 V% E0 U6 Y8 S
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4 Q4 y: U" N; x% s& Z- a- m2 eTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE `. F) l# `* q! M: R
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% u2 E9 q5 X) i/ ]Symbolic Strikes% ?; L- e) U7 u! r! E3 K- d! W
97. Protest strike3 {1 U4 k6 {/ }
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)1 o7 ~1 h1 g/ z6 T$ D8 e
1 D4 G+ K `0 B2 X
Agricultural Strikes u8 U8 H8 a" ^2 V* ^& }
99. Peasant strike
) d, |, c& O j 100. Farm Workers’ strike- o! Q% v# P; o# H# V
5 u7 W4 D: ~# N3 NStrikes by Special Groups# H8 v+ R1 g) t+ {6 P* u
101. Refusal of impressed labor$ @' M* y/ I. s; ^ F+ y) [+ h
102. Prisoners’ strike+ |8 o H d, m
103. Craft strike. D. e( \* U' |
104. Professional strike
8 ]( X/ x# q! h7 R5 e$ G' k9 C8 Z5 \+ h& U5 @
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
$ E6 Q0 _% b/ C) ]0 Z* J* P 105. Establishment strike. y t' S2 q4 l2 O0 C' g
106. Industry strike
3 J, d0 C; F/ }2 J Q 107. Sympathetic strike
( V) o/ {/ L4 i: I6 {
/ {/ S+ ]4 [, L% M: ~( RRestricted Strikes
. w9 z; K$ [) P2 N 108. Detailed strike
+ \& P( N7 s, j' A; c" o- W( o* F 109. Bumper strike9 x* ~" q: Y. j- X& R1 {1 e
110. Slowdown strike: S3 ^/ s0 r% u4 a1 `. L8 J8 {
111. Working-to-rule strike
) @6 J, R* ]' x, k1 [. y0 _ 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
1 b, |0 c5 k7 }2 A 113. Strike by resignation
5 F& l- X e8 o; t* Q' A2 c 114. Limited strike
* O/ x F3 G) J! Z 115. Selective strike
s8 x I5 u) \/ R* [% [7 r+ f9 r1 Z8 @ @1 C9 ~. G2 c
Multi-Industry Strikes }! P3 \) s3 p' v# `
/ }9 R( x. z2 e% f9 |
116. Generalized strike
o& ?, n. b% Z q" O* ]) t0 {/ R8 L1 X9 L
117. General strike. W6 k, _+ m( r7 K
. s! c; S4 G7 X M- _ c
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 u2 \+ k2 {/ v; o$ s2 _
4 m2 }% k3 k/ K2 l! W 118. Hartal* w, E) f. ]' N* P; b
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119. Economic shutdown
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0 X% c7 ]7 _/ M0 wTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority2 d; w" x& M% L) l, O
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
* Y2 k9 j9 E! I ] 121. Refusal of public support4 R2 g. S y7 P5 ~5 J, B
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
9 m4 g$ d( c* h7 ~% B1 \1 l! ~; ~) _" Q% {
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government* f4 ~' ^( f5 e" L8 }1 F, r
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
4 L% Q1 ^) B1 B. r# a; g# j0 l 124. Boycott of elections
! D; S: b# K/ j5 u: _ 125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ |& J) i7 U, ~3 m
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
# ?9 Q, A% q. v- y 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 l' C( D9 w1 b! b 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
+ a/ j" {( r4 W+ R* ^/ ] 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 Z2 r( r7 k1 f% @0 t3 z
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
% d$ |/ ^+ m9 q9 W# U8 c 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials! {4 k( Q# u$ J- S2 d1 D+ A0 k
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
6 x; S* C2 x: Q& K! [' h4 ^- B8 a1 y" W0 L
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience/ m$ U' y3 H. S6 D. i0 @
133. Reluctant and slow compliance% a9 L3 S r$ W2 k1 M. z( R
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ A* a- l+ f3 ^1 s. r7 y: x
135. Popular nonobedience O, m% W$ P: w7 ]; q
136. Disguised disobedience
5 D. u# H2 q* s6 e' B# ] 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse+ d4 r7 e" w/ R5 Q7 Q
138. Sitdown4 B9 }( S: u0 Z I7 C) S& l/ z
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
`3 @; ]6 O! N9 Y* [ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! R s0 R \1 J
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
/ S, W/ r! I* `5 Q( K- ` y1 ?% X% F- s! e
Action by Government Personnel8 @2 R( B* j( o; ?
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 ], F) B8 \/ l" G
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
% Y% ~6 [9 i, ?9 R 144. Stalling and obstruction e% B2 t: ]% F) k8 r* S5 S
145. General administrative noncooperation
- V9 U1 L7 @% }8 A5 n! t2 e
( q9 K5 z* u6 U2 ~ 146. Judicial noncooperation8 c! _5 w; [" g! u0 K* \0 U0 ~
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents+ b1 u% _+ f1 e, |: i
148. Mutiny I# B: `7 j$ y4 D' O7 X& l9 |
Domestic Governmental Action' S' ^) i- k& D! r; |( u
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays% I; K% f7 H7 a- j0 g, m# Z
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
+ `1 R2 N( h$ O) i
) ?# |. B0 ]& V& g. H! b4 h7 {International Governmental Action
; I4 X. m' g5 J9 M* g2 i' i 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
( O# N/ x1 ?8 V$ u( G' q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events% a1 v" x+ Y! P" l8 d8 i5 g
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition" L# F* v# H. l2 g
154. Severance of diplomatic relations8 R6 O# Z& H, D1 t8 A& H
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
' e7 z& ~1 y) l+ Z$ u4 S4 X1 ?) M 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
2 B- M- ]/ z3 ? 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
9 h& d7 S8 n$ G$ J* i4 W+ G5 D# m9 v5 w( U9 J
' \7 }0 N+ r7 R7 ]. aPsychological Intervention4 r% F& X7 |& s+ J! e
158. Self-exposure to the elements' C" Q, s4 m5 P8 I3 d* } d
159. The fast) ]/ I, {5 V) S0 ]) n- E K0 o4 q
a) Fast of moral pressure
5 |, d% ?" S( _+ i4 ~( E/ K b) Hunger strike* R B+ s# W S, q3 T
c) Satyagrahic fast( F# @4 D- V) @1 r0 q( u4 v
160. Reverse trial
/ E- ^+ k* L1 i1 n* V b 161. Nonviolent harassment d2 t: z. g& G5 R+ j' \/ H8 C
3 B. k6 w, S" t: t- q! V6 cPhysical Intervention
y1 v7 m2 d# L4 z' j, w I 162. Sit-in
9 c0 x/ n2 K0 c+ m3 t8 U/ W% u0 O 163. Stand-in
+ Q) S+ ]/ _0 V( m0 @$ e. o 164. Ride-in
9 P+ c% [0 [) J( {8 V6 q2 j: r* O 165. Wade-in
# o0 n; D/ s, ]2 X5 f/ i 166. Mill-in4 E4 ?& m" [9 v# Z9 h
167. Pray-in
) o4 ?3 S7 M/ Y* n( Z8 v 168. Nonviolent raids' p- U. z6 F! y) ?7 k* O) E" ~
169. Nonviolent air raids
7 h6 c/ v) y( e, o 170. Nonviolent invasion
! S h8 |3 B" h; b, e 171. Nonviolent interjection
* J, E7 r6 L$ I: m( \8 T. m, K 172. Nonviolent obstruction
5 h+ \+ z: W% I2 d! f1 D* N3 N 173. Nonviolent occupation
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4 j M1 e" y! N( ~+ r+ ?7 F$ sSocial Intervention
# n/ |% z; B( _% X1 }! d7 r' {* c 174. Establishing new social patterns
- Q9 A9 h7 f A& y5 x- i- F 175. Overloading of facilities
9 \2 r( t" q1 R% W0 @3 ~) A( c/ Y 176. Stall-in
) u# @( l2 m6 l 177. Speak-in+ p7 R) ?! p4 g) Z
178. Guerrilla theater
- U" c. `) E7 e5 W9 f! U 179. Alternative social institutions/ s& j* \/ B+ ^! m$ h
180. Alternative communication system
, x4 K+ P$ `7 P
; c2 ]! ^% D/ Z j; lEconomic Intervention2 ?0 h4 L% N& L$ x5 S* @
181. Reverse strike
# c: u$ L* P$ }' b; Q0 Y 182. Stay-in strike4 t2 S; `% y7 [. [, F, s# M
183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ `6 v7 p2 i5 x/ p5 T) j 184. Defiance of blockades5 R8 @3 c6 E: l; N/ }0 C E# |
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting4 f! u- _; _# C6 R, _, u
186. Preclusive purchasing. Z. l; K5 k' ?8 W: E
187. Seizure of assets
& R$ S0 ^" g+ S: |( Q 188. Dumping
% O" B8 V3 z @/ c' a" i1 \' i 189. Selective patronage8 [1 M! I' ], c
190. Alternative markets
* u0 q& {, ^0 M 191. Alternative transportation systems$ R% G1 m- \; |; `/ R2 [0 c* G
192. Alternative economic institutions; c% V$ ^5 T1 R# e; C) ]
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Political Intervention% } g/ P4 e& d
193. Overloading of administrative systems
# O* R; z1 q6 I4 c! `6 [ 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
j7 d$ X7 k# ]8 l& l9 y; j 195. Seeking imprisonment
. e& M9 M& y# e, F# t6 Z U 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws# w- ]$ }# X) i! p" \
197. Work-on without collaboration' r1 o! s! ?9 O9 S' ^+ r7 o" {
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government; R) h2 t5 `$ j7 L4 w
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
