 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
1 @* h. ]& m0 l2 @Formal Statements4 n$ X5 |) \! y7 r
1. Public Speeches
+ E1 E9 f8 E3 u5 p3 w1 R5 ? 2. Letters of opposition or support( d- n, P6 f" J6 H
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
! L$ l0 {& r' r" | 4. Signed public statements
: h7 ^" G0 [9 O/ Y) B& l/ c 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
s! y8 T4 D# C6 R5 Q$ B9 f5 Y 6. Group or mass petitions
8 O* D* H7 X. h
9 Z- ~% I* ^7 R, K4 k6 d1 I$ gCommunications with a Wider Audience# {- b$ d1 R4 E( I/ A$ k, R: k5 y, r
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols. Z2 \. t7 R% g$ e# y6 y
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. T" I6 O. ]0 q. F" q! o6 A
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 [& j0 G3 ^6 S7 T$ l3 T# @
10. Newspapers and journals& W/ i; W3 ^" }$ v8 v0 m
11. Records, radio, and television" ~8 F2 G7 D0 Z* B) `$ `
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& F1 S2 Y% `( G" d
0 |! b' a5 H1 P8 V0 LGroup Representations% E2 K) P$ L+ ]6 Q
13. Deputations
. T: ^! f) r0 U 14. Mock awards+ e/ U8 L; ~2 [% r
15. Group lobbying/ W( ^" f5 R" s' N
16. Picketing- a# b2 S0 Z/ x; ?. j
17. Mock elections
+ S' W0 \7 d2 k5 `) @6 P" ]) N8 j1 p$ C" A
Symbolic Public Acts
5 ]7 s" k- n( P- h2 i, F/ a 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( P) C: \( X6 F/ |' F. z& N2 e
19. Wearing of symbols0 z8 ]' s* F. C: o) Z* D) m0 n8 o
20. Prayer and worship
' \1 z' ^) p1 e0 P: ^" G8 m 21. Delivering symbolic objects" z& f* M# e- o; f+ M0 E
22. Protest disrobings
/ O# E' k+ F' { u# A F) r, j 23. Destruction of own property
* V# Z+ a1 U e5 N7 [9 _" z 24. Symbolic lights
5 v* N3 D9 o( c% ] 25. Displays of portraits7 ]' c. T2 n( E8 z3 D' T2 f
26. Paint as protest
" y9 S& @5 E0 N6 U+ o 27. New signs and names' c+ e7 h( V2 ]7 u7 ]! i5 q
28. Symbolic sounds
9 F6 M- X1 J. H9 q. F4 U/ K5 |# v! d 29. Symbolic reclamations
$ ?8 s' j1 E6 A0 H- p$ ~ 30. Rude gestures
1 G! w3 q0 p' Z( q% }, W7 v# S& b
5 a& s8 s, Y$ I' Z* K3 Q; U$ ePressures on Individuals
/ `; B! ~- u6 r6 N 31. “Haunting” officials
: Z7 ]! J8 `1 |7 b. J/ W: m/ [4 @; l 32. Taunting officials' F' c7 U. f5 O, N6 u
33. Fraternization
. O) H4 ] N. ^/ U/ H 34. Vigils+ g( _' y; X8 Y6 U |% O
& M1 Z) @0 A" z* D ?) |( aDrama and Music
- Z0 f# l- c: [ s+ i1 u8 q4 s 35. Humorous skits and pranks$ Y [; ?( _7 b% U- R& T
36. Performances of plays and music$ k& P( ]8 m( r' N9 A
37. Singing
& m$ e4 {1 e2 {. ^) g
8 b. h+ M9 C: D5 j5 rProcessions
: S/ i; A3 k0 e6 H, Q! x 38. Marches: i7 m0 L1 O) b; o1 [* e
39. Parades: c! n- j9 E; `4 O* p' G
40. Religious processions+ D+ {$ y' v) F9 `7 `1 i: M6 n h7 X
41. Pilgrimages
& |6 |1 c: A& X$ Q 42. Motorcades% i, \3 V i; e$ Z- R2 p" j
: o# R* i: }7 f( n/ |, h
Honoring the Dead
) q& g+ `0 x0 W/ u$ o 43. Political mourning8 B# d- S! ^ t5 i
44. Mock funerals
. y! e1 C; g- y( J9 Y4 G7 P$ F/ x9 B 45. Demonstrative funerals
' L1 ^- I5 a( T# O5 _, o/ x 46. Homage at burial places+ T7 C7 K8 {3 f5 X
9 `- {# v9 e5 W- QPublic Assemblies, Z9 L, [+ [& l1 i0 ~) y( }1 O
47. Assemblies of protest or support# q! t5 b1 O7 ~9 E( Y
48. Protest meetings' `/ N: Y- j% ]8 ~7 v
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
: i# c# Q) B/ E6 R 50. Teach-ins& F P @+ z# g1 Y
$ y) x5 p7 U, t& S9 l4 VWithdrawal and Renunciation; e& n8 F5 r1 g3 X* S: m; |
51. Walk-outs
5 r8 w# C1 M8 Q3 @; ~1 g 52. Silence6 p" A4 v+ z# r1 Q4 K
53. Renouncing honors5 h* v' o7 `$ U! T& F6 K
54. Turning one’s back
0 D! b2 F% m" M2 V
! P+ w. G' y2 B. A# ` * G- I4 Y7 V$ V- c% A9 k! e: s' M1 u
) b/ V" Z% P) E. u
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
0 }3 p. B S5 m5 O \. I# E3 ^3 l3 V2 o* o0 ~5 z
5 U' K3 q1 t% V+ ~ V7 J9 O
1 K7 V- u! m% I. u WOstracism of Persons
" [. D% b8 S" L, D 55. Social boycott
7 o4 ~0 ]9 ^9 V G& R8 B 56. Selective social boycott* J) W4 W/ D; k7 r
57. Lysistratic nonaction
' M# z9 w" n6 i 58. Excommunication- C1 _9 v4 _+ O s
59. Interdict
! x- J" a! s* e1 S* B" g. c E( F8 k/ f# J' ]6 n2 ]
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! Z' }- M! H- A
60. Suspension of social and sports activities; x- Y" ]6 h& x! }5 _; V; Y, \
61. Boycott of social affairs
- K" ^ p; @* l0 d 62. Student strike
_5 e# Q9 R* g- C 63. Social disobedience
( I2 K% R9 ]0 q& X1 ` 64. Withdrawal from social institutions( H9 @8 R' B! P( |; y
) o% ` L% L0 T; `* m4 d* W% B
Withdrawal from the Social System0 \- w7 r: c) h2 h7 ~) S" j
65. Stay-at-home& M, s: N0 O7 R% W+ C/ F
66. Total personal noncooperation
' l+ {/ c; W. ?- }/ V- ~ 67. “Flight” of workers1 D9 L v* _/ R4 z" @9 H P, s2 h" M
68. Sanctuary
8 h0 \* V( M' b) ?5 B+ g 69. Collective disappearance; G* j9 T, _' c: M0 a" ~
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)1 Y6 S+ {1 W6 s) A" y e
. S6 T5 Y1 K+ d
! g% \3 b$ U$ G5 N: R; f0 \; f; f7 w7 f! q0 n0 i) p V
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 _$ y9 b" |. a- f! E+ @4 d
4 D, @. b: Z$ h. X- p2 ]% A
+ ?, V) K7 c% F) b
Actions by Consumers/ T* ]* J4 \: r: w8 N+ N
71. Consumers’ boycott: B3 P$ ~9 m v
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods F" k* |% m4 S% }$ W
73. Policy of austerity5 r+ N* A8 b9 T$ c& C( @+ ^0 o6 ^ m% N
74. Rent withholding
! Z9 k+ k" C( I& q8 L 75. Refusal to rent+ O4 Q4 X3 h, ^9 n
76. National consumers’ boycott
X2 w4 z' I6 S( s. { 77. International consumers’ boycott) M: g" |$ b! x) J/ D; u
& y7 J9 c- |9 R9 WAction by Workers and Producers
! u+ W; P/ L( `! d4 ^' m5 E8 V 78. Workmen’s boycott
2 F. d% e3 ~4 b 79. Producers’ boycott
# X3 T% W+ D% `$ S6 D* @0 U" m) J4 p
+ e7 R1 c% r9 C7 h% g" f% O2 \6 W; pAction by Middlemen
1 z; ]! D' \! r$ d; B 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott: @4 |5 S: u, @$ y, ?# n) U
4 j9 L; K" c" ^- }3 t, MAction by Owners and Management n( j3 t; i$ g8 {: n$ c+ v, F
81. Traders’ boycott
7 m3 ?( F' ]. B4 J- Z* I 82. Refusal to let or sell property! s2 v2 J! G x. d
83. Lockout5 }7 K1 E" ~1 k, K$ y
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
! \+ s" W! q1 W4 h8 q B 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
2 A. @/ C; p; h1 t0 w* m
; \$ \- L1 Z3 pAction by Holders of Financial Resources, Y! H& t+ i' U& x; k3 M; B
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits [3 \: i& d1 c ]$ l
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ w$ c6 K' m% E$ a! n3 Q+ z 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
5 n% {1 z+ K5 y# F4 U* a5 r 89. Severance of funds and credit
6 h, Z) g! S" z3 K# B; o 90. Revenue refusal; n- V% S) ^1 ~
91. Refusal of a government’s money
# A4 x7 d D; l& L& }8 ~# l: f1 s* c
% v o9 w3 ~1 x' R7 S' U4 [Action by Governments
1 r9 M/ V+ d, i( b3 h 92. Domestic embargo6 |$ ?, } c0 k$ n
93. Blacklisting of traders
& s5 V( W& v0 x+ _ 94. International sellers’ embargo( M3 @3 e( {) Z8 S; U. p+ S& J
95. International buyers’ embargo
' f5 k3 E) p- m; P0 c2 M% e7 L* _: ] 96. International trade embargo
7 H8 g7 q p1 `& N; @
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+ _" C' K- h5 F0 X3 p' X% X4 J, |. X' N! D% m
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE; ]9 ?& \8 Q# H# X$ L0 `0 {2 b) z
1 s' ^+ J0 m6 v9 |4 ?8 l5 p2 ]
: M( b! {1 @' c `4 H1 N6 m- Q+ |5 bSymbolic Strikes8 I* O& w% V- D# G5 U
97. Protest strike
" b# k( d2 J+ _6 P) P 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 S4 P8 K- a! h& F! ^. k5 }
5 h Z! r, H1 ^Agricultural Strikes; n( y; C8 k7 ~4 r
99. Peasant strike' z' y0 v0 g! E3 Z
100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 h* y: \# m: r" k' X( y, F
6 A& M; q8 @! x- x5 V! OStrikes by Special Groups
5 V: ]: ]% w& z6 c/ F 101. Refusal of impressed labor
4 H" q# e; c0 ?: j6 o 102. Prisoners’ strike
9 q. G2 [ q# B P( s8 n 103. Craft strike2 k( ^: L( b$ b( N
104. Professional strike+ b: J" c6 G( m
2 \( `" G6 D D. T
Ordinary Industrial Strikes; _8 ^5 P& n( u1 K1 A( L
105. Establishment strike4 a( T+ o* g( u8 U
106. Industry strike$ h( [- B* ~# c* D/ T8 p' w, ?
107. Sympathetic strike7 z$ d. W5 H! _+ n+ U2 E p4 P6 ^
# k" V' {, @5 Y& n) ^
Restricted Strikes
8 W2 ?( e E" F: u6 |+ a 108. Detailed strike. E6 j4 A4 [$ r! n4 \2 h' P
109. Bumper strike
& _3 O# U1 w1 R+ @ 110. Slowdown strike7 R# d. y" Y! ?# J6 E, B: s8 a
111. Working-to-rule strike: [9 \3 W4 a3 p- [3 A0 G
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% f7 L t+ R* s8 ` 113. Strike by resignation$ v$ J& O- ` ^1 u8 g
114. Limited strike- v, C) k+ i* R7 G3 l$ N6 m0 F3 h
115. Selective strike
# K+ J6 D, [' M+ k3 z
]& Z* S7 b) e/ a# iMulti-Industry Strikes
. h2 A" R7 _4 c E
1 ]; R& p: `0 I# r, W7 N 116. Generalized strike( y6 ~& w* g' z, c* w9 a1 b
2 K$ _. N' _8 _, s: e 117. General strike3 |. P* D. C4 L: _: S; p
0 h; L' @, X5 ]; _! K
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
, P% t" s( R: `, R/ u" }5 @4 O) @: p/ `1 ~
118. Hartal
) [8 v% |3 L- {+ L5 u9 E! @! s# I
1 h7 E0 q( K* r. [; p" Q 119. Economic shutdown
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& Q- R' y/ ]9 `
& ?) c: z. d( M7 b* ^) O7 u4 |4 l4 p- t+ G# L' y- o' M6 k
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
1 X G9 Z+ Z2 u7 H2 y( P; i# ?
: s" y+ `+ x$ P, ^' C. A 8 Z8 w& |# X8 u" R8 t* e
Rejection of Authority
3 I% q' h) q/ u0 C 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance. r4 L/ `5 K# s: y4 n- g2 [- F. ~
121. Refusal of public support: ^% f. h, F7 z. u4 i
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
% p* B* J8 S6 n6 H7 z3 H* R6 ?) o+ i% K' P3 T6 v. b2 Y% O
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government. R/ [' S/ e& a: f* H/ \
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ Z* k1 W/ g9 L$ f 124. Boycott of elections
0 A9 @7 d7 ~7 n+ b: p2 b 125. Boycott of government employment and positions+ I; E3 e2 P- N& |! c9 X
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies# R# s+ P7 S& {+ l2 F4 H$ Q
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
& t/ f% i, e3 u* H, }* q 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations6 }) O5 p# u& C- R7 L2 {+ @
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
& R+ S N* M. [ 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- z/ M1 f: u# Z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials6 a' z) Q. c2 \; l9 ?/ s
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions: B; `! n( A' W2 e, C2 n# |
' ? [; i# {/ m& `9 g" m, B6 e+ t& G
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: ?) ^& j. R0 V! ~; r8 T 133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ ]0 P& ?6 f- O7 J; N* B1 [
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision, K/ e7 E5 l: K0 Q* {
135. Popular nonobedience
6 W6 L! `" r, R& {: f6 ?3 C 136. Disguised disobedience
5 n% y1 d. a4 Y$ Y q3 n, ] 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 j, ?6 {8 o1 g2 P. {+ ^ 138. Sitdown
% i$ W4 r i! C' L 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
, H" o6 S" {# x+ E: P! r5 ? 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
* h; y8 p9 a1 C' k/ x, L 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
2 f4 E" h2 p' e8 M1 `$ _" }8 R% P) S6 c: }$ u) V
Action by Government Personnel
2 }4 |. x5 J2 S( Z& J; b 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
" L% o& m! @# Z Y* z# l 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 N5 e: D* e5 z; \ 144. Stalling and obstruction
9 ~, F" S8 K7 Z d1 l" Q* j! p 145. General administrative noncooperation
6 N" K, n( H2 t& |
6 }5 @- m' Z7 D! j 146. Judicial noncooperation+ N* {; g. W9 U9 E6 i, a
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents+ j6 v! N7 _2 i! P( k: `
148. Mutiny7 Y! s9 r: _% ]/ G/ q, d6 @% ]
Domestic Governmental Action
% `: }/ ~4 p; O/ J 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 t5 ?6 @: O# B2 B+ Y
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units5 C& X1 {- c. V M2 O: K
+ y# t' p2 y. t. ^9 L, d" bInternational Governmental Action& _( r2 H' H( p4 y; ]/ o4 I
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
" d ~5 E: d& K. d5 z o6 y 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- U; P4 p5 F3 |" g( z; `
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 W& ^' n8 _0 C$ F0 E5 `" B 154. Severance of diplomatic relations' Z1 f8 H( G. c, Q% i; n
155. Withdrawal from international organizations# v+ J; S4 y; K& G, s
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies# g$ [9 w6 |; z' l
157. Expulsion from international organizations
% V1 m: a: R1 o/ B/ F2 ~3 S6 ~1 [* N1 X3 c4 U' c! o+ P# j
3 n% a, v0 [$ ]: `& \
. N( Y% A9 K) s+ fTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
. y( i1 I1 F g* ^# s2 s0 c8 L1 h3 i+ d3 ^/ D! {$ ~5 I
: |1 V6 A. K% G6 Z1 [: l# J0 Y! PPsychological Intervention
/ [; q* u9 L8 s# e3 u5 k, |& N 158. Self-exposure to the elements
: d7 L; A ]) l0 r" ]* [2 c 159. The fast
2 z$ _& R, l6 j3 G9 H a) Fast of moral pressure4 H% e3 h+ h( m# g; f, [
b) Hunger strike
4 b' s5 z1 g3 D2 Y c) Satyagrahic fast: a6 C. U8 R$ I" ~+ u. y, V
160. Reverse trial, e6 t$ m& s0 K8 R* I/ B
161. Nonviolent harassment. ? t1 G% P- W
' _% d$ W$ y% G3 w) n& T6 e! }9 s
Physical Intervention: }/ Q% h1 {* P) T1 [
162. Sit-in) t6 g; W; I) \% s' D" [
163. Stand-in6 H4 b* |; l( K5 \
164. Ride-in
, \/ \! ?" o/ p* V' O 165. Wade-in' P2 G; Q* o3 p6 [) G; W, H( S: U
166. Mill-in. R; j/ u. v" `8 B4 O# |4 S
167. Pray-in$ [1 a6 x! P$ c
168. Nonviolent raids
$ i% F* b' ?% { 169. Nonviolent air raids
; _+ ]6 j' {* e, \5 J) \% K 170. Nonviolent invasion+ W3 V3 ~ U, _! o6 ^& L' u+ M
171. Nonviolent interjection( z1 c4 e& U0 w, r- i; _6 L
172. Nonviolent obstruction
6 W( X0 s0 j1 m- E+ O1 l7 L K8 M 173. Nonviolent occupation3 D* O# W! F. p
& Q; ]( W9 ]) U8 N3 v/ JSocial Intervention
6 \/ I0 P9 N% G7 M3 O6 n 174. Establishing new social patterns
' M7 W$ ]& j8 Z5 i3 v. ` 175. Overloading of facilities/ ^! R4 r& G. B8 d. B0 y9 Q
176. Stall-in
4 a, h, B! C {3 d( [5 y; E3 r+ R 177. Speak-in% q z2 O" p+ M- v: o' j: i7 t a4 ~4 |
178. Guerrilla theater
; e6 Y$ s& n7 f3 m/ Z* c 179. Alternative social institutions
- ?, L3 s" X3 \2 {# q5 d/ g5 e" [9 Y9 n 180. Alternative communication system! s6 K0 D! c) |' g: ^
1 f& K6 r+ O+ B5 g/ L( y5 N, I
Economic Intervention% O9 B% L$ N8 g: U
181. Reverse strike
0 O5 b% R# Q2 q4 M 182. Stay-in strike
! X0 x. P1 Y. h+ k' X' g 183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 `' g I8 ~( b/ R$ s, v4 q 184. Defiance of blockades
+ B( ]& |; _7 O0 h7 J4 w 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
, x* ?$ E; x0 h. I; o; H/ i; z 186. Preclusive purchasing
' m H2 q. }" n 187. Seizure of assets4 e6 U" |& K) U, y% k
188. Dumping
( `* r, m1 w; p( K- A* a) o- N* z; u 189. Selective patronage" o! S# X& d3 }5 @% m5 h
190. Alternative markets
% n- X- y1 h# C* f3 i' a, | 191. Alternative transportation systems. `/ S5 e1 ]* _
192. Alternative economic institutions
: u" |/ `" x; [' `) M4 C. f5 }% f% R
Political Intervention9 W! j2 r( ?& L' u* j+ S
193. Overloading of administrative systems
0 ?$ n" N7 @/ H' O 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
- `9 Q& c) N5 x/ m4 D3 g 195. Seeking imprisonment9 Q4 L# W4 t9 y3 `) W5 j
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; V0 R0 O9 {9 U1 R1 V; f 197. Work-on without collaboration. R6 {0 G% z3 U, g2 N
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government1 @3 Y) q$ T; }6 H; i2 f
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
