 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
; b6 E! {/ }0 ~* s+ v& v; ^: U) tFormal Statements* H ~; g1 Z$ U5 O
1. Public Speeches" B& w7 b4 M4 U& @$ E
2. Letters of opposition or support
& \6 z' E3 A6 K- R# s3 \) X, B* A 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
* C# W4 _8 a: o 4. Signed public statements. ]6 N0 s5 O5 `$ F% e1 Q3 ]
5. Declarations of indictment and intention$ _6 H8 f0 L. M5 E, Y
6. Group or mass petitions
6 x$ |. W6 T* W! y* W; ~
J# I# r$ ?: q& ]$ pCommunications with a Wider Audience8 B! n6 g( c0 ]2 I: U( [ E) Z. W
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" ^5 h) z9 @$ U, ~
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications4 R* S! _0 p. i: t4 x# c
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
. _, _1 C1 S7 h; ]. ~: d7 G: ^ B 10. Newspapers and journals
6 `) N+ O* }* L1 n G 11. Records, radio, and television2 r u- H& P: ^/ F1 Q
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
) [: {6 n4 @* ]8 A4 b7 A: a5 A# S) f# y t
Group Representations# S6 Y0 B8 r& r
13. Deputations' Z, R5 V% R" o6 }- B
14. Mock awards
) r5 P! ]6 t$ K% A* z* r# r 15. Group lobbying& {* e" g1 \1 e* a! H% Z) R# `2 Q/ X* |* Q
16. Picketing/ l" f0 Y& k/ P0 p" u
17. Mock elections
4 q4 ?5 E/ L3 b L; J' q A7 y* o `! a* D' I& \ f( Q; T! U" \3 Y
Symbolic Public Acts
" C+ W8 o0 f- Z- h4 n/ e 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
* M- f. K, Z# f( ] 19. Wearing of symbols$ s; ~1 K7 K" ?9 f: N
20. Prayer and worship
: J) {& ]8 Y0 n8 p& F0 L% g8 b# w 21. Delivering symbolic objects
6 S9 u' T/ F8 y7 t3 F 22. Protest disrobings
& j+ _$ Q: S+ L* S 23. Destruction of own property
+ I- c) x) i4 H; ]5 S: P/ ~ 24. Symbolic lights5 P9 n# e1 I s1 y5 J
25. Displays of portraits B t b' Y' q4 n' d; Y
26. Paint as protest
h2 L9 J% ^. Y' D 27. New signs and names
+ @4 p7 J- d: A7 j 28. Symbolic sounds# r K/ x$ x9 y7 d+ r' M0 G' l, b
29. Symbolic reclamations- D* V9 J. n8 P# ?
30. Rude gestures' O J! i& T6 T% |
8 c" u( {* F+ Q. U3 X0 L1 k
Pressures on Individuals
* f! A$ m! l* C& m1 H 31. “Haunting” officials
" r4 ]) w) _0 ~' |! g 32. Taunting officials2 W- K w4 I/ I ^9 p6 I% l
33. Fraternization" ]+ ?* j, v: G( }8 P
34. Vigils
4 b t7 D4 G2 X& u0 ?2 T- E9 d+ _0 I9 I) {
Drama and Music
3 [! }: k( z# G0 C& w 35. Humorous skits and pranks
. P: d( w- a- N# s. F 36. Performances of plays and music
, H9 G' A, Z! z8 c+ j3 n 37. Singing1 C C& F/ s: S$ L5 T" c3 h
0 y, @& Y6 I& ?Processions
2 U5 @$ z) j& c6 z 38. Marches5 y3 d$ }9 i# U7 c9 n# E! d
39. Parades
! u, e' K1 Z& G0 x2 \5 g0 C' g 40. Religious processions
9 E# W ?. u ^% D 41. Pilgrimages
; n( Z! o( ^8 n: J! ]3 d) f. V 42. Motorcades
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2 n: B: n; U! j: h/ eHonoring the Dead
8 u+ D* ]- `% L6 W. V 43. Political mourning% r! {1 v/ U0 n: ^4 Y! T5 h
44. Mock funerals0 O; _( N }8 ^, |% W/ d
45. Demonstrative funerals
+ `7 d, n* v5 N, {+ V 46. Homage at burial places! N# s. i5 l5 a; o
7 z9 Z1 t* F+ t% m; ]: fPublic Assemblies' P1 Y+ P2 N3 B. a' G' G
47. Assemblies of protest or support" |6 _; x& t+ e: A. ~
48. Protest meetings' n1 m8 M- ]/ n/ k, h7 h6 Q
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest8 s( Y+ p0 F/ W& c' {. v# x
50. Teach-ins& E5 h( z9 F4 O0 Q3 U) k
0 \- ^. J* o; Z iWithdrawal and Renunciation. C1 t! v5 D+ p6 M- g
51. Walk-outs- j! f* ?- N. P d
52. Silence
+ |+ F4 \- q) [0 f# L z 53. Renouncing honors
1 X% r1 U; k' H8 _* C" O 54. Turning one’s back3 ]0 k; a9 _3 D9 x9 y- R
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3 k# o* Q6 \% x Y( y: T. C- C/ s( v7 e2 |0 S6 V3 {
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION( f D# r4 @+ C: s2 A
# k) A' q! x- I$ [2 V9 O5 U
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Ostracism of Persons
/ |- c1 [! [( c" |4 F 55. Social boycott2 e0 ?! j/ y6 V1 {9 u6 Y( K5 R
56. Selective social boycott
: B) A/ b' X5 i1 E: [ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
$ n8 x/ h" N; }7 [3 q5 T6 N# M 58. Excommunication
& m1 D$ F: m/ v6 H9 \, f b* N% m 59. Interdict
5 y ?7 o, Z" @5 f8 u, K9 i
+ L r6 S0 }/ pNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
9 l# j# \: B n' K6 g 60. Suspension of social and sports activities& {# C* q6 f2 c' p3 L [6 L
61. Boycott of social affairs
! l- i: y' G ?) d7 ~; q- b 62. Student strike
6 z1 G) w$ N: Q6 M- {, y/ l 63. Social disobedience
5 I7 ]1 S) m) m" g9 @( t7 ]$ w 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' N5 _! f: u( | O, [ v, r! w" M8 }9 O/ f7 q& k- o. m, N
Withdrawal from the Social System
( |& H% j% t( H |; S* C1 M 65. Stay-at-home% r) Z; G$ ^ W" x7 h
66. Total personal noncooperation
7 s6 i9 k Z5 E; U2 K6 J R 67. “Flight” of workers% ]- z) p$ S3 a s! ~! Q
68. Sanctuary7 o. x2 |( z" i9 w
69. Collective disappearance
& t' i; S: @( G) Q$ B y$ T, L 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS; A8 j; E1 n( H. A% r
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Actions by Consumers
; Q8 l+ P3 V, _% Q2 Z 71. Consumers’ boycott+ w% ?8 P5 F2 x. u9 G' |8 C
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
0 m+ s9 A1 N, U* k1 K 73. Policy of austerity6 j3 ]6 A+ Y A. w! D, t
74. Rent withholding: v9 D. X; z4 [) ]/ m: @8 K
75. Refusal to rent5 v0 M7 x# D' x& v0 v% U
76. National consumers’ boycott
8 W, S2 {7 C: v2 J6 N- j* y& P: [ 77. International consumers’ boycott) I4 l- r5 V8 s
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Action by Workers and Producers
' P) Q8 K7 o" I' n: _8 L 78. Workmen’s boycott$ C( F2 r% f2 U' G2 ?1 Z
79. Producers’ boycott
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; N# x* S. H9 e, e4 Y, aAction by Middlemen0 ^% y; o7 J/ v$ e8 e
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management
/ Y! }5 a9 h J1 G4 h G 81. Traders’ boycott
3 l2 N; g/ c8 U 82. Refusal to let or sell property: d2 S7 I$ i* q p
83. Lockout
3 d8 n/ `7 l8 g9 m8 z8 Y& H: D 84. Refusal of industrial assistance; L% L; O3 Y- A# |7 P% {
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
1 c' W$ C9 z! ^1 i7 [" @! U* ~8 `6 Q5 i: @# X' |- b0 U
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
4 D0 F$ l" b& P' W9 `3 H* V 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits/ Q$ m4 u$ k' D6 J$ [6 _, e
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
* k4 r) g8 T/ k8 d" F4 W0 d 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ ]3 b9 _9 s- ~0 w 89. Severance of funds and credit
, S9 U! ]: k& L 90. Revenue refusal7 r7 F" `& J9 Y5 Y, g; h
91. Refusal of a government’s money
4 l0 G1 ]: y J; |1 o. `0 S9 P* x0 r; x+ i. D$ @& c
Action by Governments
7 C3 Z! r- J4 g* ~2 k- b2 B. o6 | 92. Domestic embargo$ E% k6 |1 w5 I* m
93. Blacklisting of traders
* c3 |: ?7 R. n9 b 94. International sellers’ embargo
4 Y- q0 w: Y9 [2 A0 |! b 95. International buyers’ embargo- C7 j e4 Q# J) J
96. International trade embargo' T& r! Q% M7 `# [$ f. {" D& y
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2 h8 i3 ~8 j) ]2 o/ z) gTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE2 \9 ]0 \8 F$ D* F7 V2 S
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" D( w( Q* t) o% S/ Z: aSymbolic Strikes2 d8 h% s L0 I" f
97. Protest strike
( {, a, H# Q) `* C" K1 [- w 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
' ^' y& _* _4 J6 B$ Y, }- j7 o0 m+ e- ?8 }* y
Agricultural Strikes
4 k+ j. z; k8 `5 j0 E 99. Peasant strike9 a7 w9 }9 P: }9 n* |( _. R' b7 M
100. Farm Workers’ strike" P4 ^9 }! u( X9 J# m' Y9 U9 J
$ ~( N p# R* J3 C6 d' b
Strikes by Special Groups
0 U& q6 z! _5 o- V# O* g 101. Refusal of impressed labor6 o' V) ~ a/ q. H- I# M
102. Prisoners’ strike
/ W: j }, z# H' }1 h; l+ P* U1 R 103. Craft strike
- B2 S5 h+ R2 Q# `# ^5 W) y 104. Professional strike
1 b9 u8 T3 ~. \4 C$ b% r1 \9 \' O) q( V, J
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
' J1 D5 q9 h$ ~) f# e 105. Establishment strike% Y' _* g p9 g2 h* Z/ s1 j
106. Industry strike/ G2 Q; h" ]/ O9 A) f
107. Sympathetic strike
2 q7 }( m2 w" p% v0 J9 {
$ e! O0 T! \9 ]Restricted Strikes
2 Z! S5 D r9 \; `5 W/ \ 108. Detailed strike
+ g" Y, A3 ?, K6 ?& A" _1 w9 R 109. Bumper strike% S2 F: F7 f) K# I8 D
110. Slowdown strike' g* u# n6 w" w4 E
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ s+ m9 p& U+ ~' K L0 L' n1 y 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)8 }( w5 w% H/ H2 ]6 R4 _+ i
113. Strike by resignation
0 b, |7 A3 j: u. s& F! h 114. Limited strike( m, Q! y$ e8 m5 {+ X) x+ S- g5 U' ~
115. Selective strike# j1 ^) H8 W* q& p N5 O
8 O2 M/ n5 v9 G0 z2 I2 v. HMulti-Industry Strikes
! G1 m- y) y. Z' ?9 L! C
1 c# j' v0 P- G1 E* f" z 116. Generalized strike0 F6 B, D! r5 ^0 n- h
* g4 B+ [3 x! K3 w8 N 117. General strike$ J! Y) I( |, [' r
- o- M% d% [9 R: C CCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
& v/ {% a K) ?: h% t* Z; ]1 k, Y
. X0 q. R) P8 h# V 118. Hartal1 K" F' W9 X m; j- j0 W5 ]4 H; b
0 l% T3 _( J# Q: e3 a
119. Economic shutdown6 ~' u. F# y# [: g
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) O' }% ~4 F6 l% ^2 I* iTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority1 Z2 {' h% K' O6 P
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
! F! A. n/ Z7 P* m) ^% s$ D$ y9 h# I 121. Refusal of public support
7 m: [; Z1 n& K/ ? 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
$ T( y" ?5 a) y1 I7 w( o: c& E) |; i
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
3 t# r7 f) P' @- ~9 s0 L 123. Boycott of legislative bodies" t% o6 `) S& @. H6 ^0 F
124. Boycott of elections0 H4 E% Y$ | v( X8 C' ?
125. Boycott of government employment and positions8 e& m6 h3 c" k. R5 n L
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies- h1 o8 W# c9 @' F/ ^! x0 s
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- v6 r4 Q4 c! Z$ F1 D7 h% ]
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
6 r" ^* c- o: o! t; R; y1 R4 ]! Y 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents! r5 z2 v: s0 B7 c
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
- z6 Y0 z' m0 n9 l 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials8 R) D' J; n0 U. H" _3 a
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ b E' L+ @$ R; @
9 o; \4 L2 ]9 b5 x d) v# SCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience9 A$ f, Z1 b6 Z" Q- E& p$ Q7 ~' I
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
9 M- Q' W' n( S8 \( d' F 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: @3 j' {! C" q- G1 e$ i: r& h 135. Popular nonobedience) x& _: ?" J2 M
136. Disguised disobedience8 w- r9 J, h5 Q& @# g2 K
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse7 e4 |: x6 e0 ?+ X- q: @# [: }5 c
138. Sitdown3 e0 r1 t% F! n5 O7 s9 {
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation6 q8 c5 o* k3 v: E5 Y) Q+ K
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities: ?: p7 s' f. f, e9 c0 N7 @
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
+ [& b* f! \( U# i2 S: Q# x: t; m9 s F5 ?0 T, U0 A4 V! h
Action by Government Personnel2 E. E6 C( V) p+ d2 f8 c, ^
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
8 d- k9 m+ G f7 e 143. Blocking of lines of command and information: f1 B9 @0 M9 _7 n" ?
144. Stalling and obstruction2 w4 K+ J# w7 X4 Q8 Q
145. General administrative noncooperation" \ a- y1 s x! N" X0 L0 `
8 R* r5 \0 {, r2 ]9 n$ a
146. Judicial noncooperation5 r; A) j3 `5 E1 I) I" ]
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
u& E$ @5 I/ C7 i- J8 v 148. Mutiny
- o2 `, L: G, ?- IDomestic Governmental Action# O& _ m" D' w4 Z7 N
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays! w* Q- j- M* }6 b9 S
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units4 g5 s9 d$ m; f5 z# S# f
' m p( U1 k; V. W& vInternational Governmental Action
( t9 y1 N9 h- P& b6 Y, Y% h 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations" E7 u/ A- T- x7 b% P' \3 r
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events! c4 r6 L/ Y; m) W5 ]) m
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 o \2 f- g% v- `7 } 154. Severance of diplomatic relations) Y' H7 \3 X5 a- K0 W& T4 j
155. Withdrawal from international organizations7 k. f5 [$ ]6 L" {$ m
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
* |7 H, C6 ^, v F9 x) |9 e 157. Expulsion from international organizations
6 ]1 p* @/ U7 O; d$ D' Y
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, I* ~+ a9 N3 A1 m7 v; a! G5 ? ]THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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0 R6 x% y" q$ e- F! u4 m. SPsychological Intervention
, B, t( K" V8 c- J3 [, P: | 158. Self-exposure to the elements5 F- a6 D' p N1 L* q% X
159. The fast
; A2 h/ h, h- ] ^ a) Fast of moral pressure- E% V0 @6 S1 a. F( }4 v- D
b) Hunger strike
4 w; m3 i' L8 Z% f0 \ c) Satyagrahic fast
4 \: v* ^& L' W& z) ~- x \ 160. Reverse trial
; [* N2 _, K t! U( N 161. Nonviolent harassment$ A; ?! N4 r& t0 ^' m {9 ^4 ^
$ J7 R. n3 G/ O5 k cPhysical Intervention" v/ `3 D6 q" u/ q, T/ |. ~/ j
162. Sit-in5 R* P# X+ P8 a) k3 T- Q- z- L+ W9 Y0 j
163. Stand-in
$ U% t5 F+ L% d; e1 t+ U# {9 J 164. Ride-in: g, k3 h& ^6 G' H1 O& F$ K: ]0 U
165. Wade-in, M& d8 U3 M' P7 c5 P" E8 o
166. Mill-in
4 L0 e2 [- E7 |7 y4 r 167. Pray-in
9 Q0 i k6 u9 o! w2 s. b5 o% w 168. Nonviolent raids; a1 ?: m" k! b$ N. H+ w
169. Nonviolent air raids" j$ v2 Z3 T& L4 Y2 r
170. Nonviolent invasion
, O5 R6 D$ @3 I" o, \ k 171. Nonviolent interjection) ~. X$ k {/ q# [" K6 c8 c
172. Nonviolent obstruction
% \( q8 a. B% P* X5 N9 C 173. Nonviolent occupation2 L9 u+ y7 W* O- `+ p0 p* L5 H/ b
R1 e I. @1 Q+ ]4 ZSocial Intervention
# i; R( h- m* z, j$ Z$ c 174. Establishing new social patterns
% U0 d; v- Z1 h6 u: Y1 \ 175. Overloading of facilities+ Y0 N" L J+ N, C8 @ F# [
176. Stall-in
2 f9 U, K: ?- J3 y4 S5 G3 U+ v 177. Speak-in' ^9 x5 d! e0 a5 M
178. Guerrilla theater# n x4 h6 o( j# F8 _9 H
179. Alternative social institutions2 q5 i U7 W2 `) t. s$ j6 h0 Z
180. Alternative communication system' f- c" L( h% t2 P
9 D. ]2 {# e2 k7 TEconomic Intervention
5 L6 i7 Q2 J: t9 q7 C 181. Reverse strike' g) ^5 ~/ Z5 u
182. Stay-in strike: O2 q; P# D9 i# p: _- L* U# R" ]% }
183. Nonviolent land seizure
: b1 n$ I7 D+ t9 F 184. Defiance of blockades
4 ^5 F& P0 r9 `# l: A+ _5 b' D 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
( @; P) P. [' I4 v$ _6 f1 T 186. Preclusive purchasing
* m; {' `2 f+ [- F2 h0 D" b" F 187. Seizure of assets; k4 }) W0 J" M
188. Dumping8 H m+ N, X7 C$ U1 [# r
189. Selective patronage
- t8 u% v1 E) R7 [9 O$ Y 190. Alternative markets
0 r; A L4 _% v' [3 W: ] 191. Alternative transportation systems, O0 M- e! w9 C+ N9 }' Y
192. Alternative economic institutions0 B$ V8 ~2 m3 ], r& J+ \& }
1 J2 i( o9 c1 {" h S& k
Political Intervention5 z z3 K6 q6 m0 b; j- L% z4 J1 p
193. Overloading of administrative systems
2 ^' ]4 I- K+ o; k9 x8 e( I 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, f. B" J9 c5 `( }$ ~; E. j6 W 195. Seeking imprisonment
# `7 ~. w) q" J 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
7 m5 I$ Y# p0 T* F6 D! i1 @0 V" y# _ 197. Work-on without collaboration
3 q" v" j+ Y/ J0 ~3 z7 ~) X" B 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
