 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# {8 C) C U% `' S8 u/ \0 i
Formal Statements4 Y" c4 A i1 r" g2 X6 M0 I$ I4 g
1. Public Speeches
+ g5 ~! f2 t% k, c 2. Letters of opposition or support6 h3 J5 r4 h) s: p. }# @
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
9 }+ ?' m6 H; u3 I 4. Signed public statements
5 D5 e7 Q/ [) w- g7 L, O V4 a* P 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
+ m; P; D+ v5 T) t6 E 6. Group or mass petitions h( n: P" l6 G& d# y2 |
5 V+ E& W# @/ u' F$ `1 m3 ~0 Q
Communications with a Wider Audience
, U5 N1 x+ E$ L' M" X 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols7 w5 h) h, K8 |. H& J9 }2 E% ]
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
' F. E. s9 x" _- D; b2 u$ t 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books- H9 T* g- H8 K6 {1 R/ b
10. Newspapers and journals- Z" H. C& w4 I; l
11. Records, radio, and television
) k# ]" Q2 i* p4 F 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
7 q0 y8 D9 d7 r/ b3 f) g' L$ Q* x- S) f' g
Group Representations
' [ U( U2 g9 X3 \" Y 13. Deputations
- W& U0 ~5 c! o 14. Mock awards& m" |. z0 |( o5 ]7 p" n; X& R% f
15. Group lobbying4 g9 R: ]% s7 U" W. w! x0 |2 m+ S( }' t
16. Picketing; c1 h% a* S8 M H: F8 i) t/ a$ i
17. Mock elections
3 @9 z0 s6 `6 W' {; _' v5 t4 [" y9 m1 b1 d7 m' [
Symbolic Public Acts
9 T9 h: N: a4 X3 G* x4 d8 r' M' y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, F8 @" r5 H, r8 b" z* v) d
19. Wearing of symbols! v) H/ Q% p+ | k% H8 x
20. Prayer and worship
9 k3 [1 D! H' x. c% C% P 21. Delivering symbolic objects1 a0 G$ z b3 z/ w( [
22. Protest disrobings
A% e) A5 m. Y1 ^7 O 23. Destruction of own property1 }0 I. K( y: S1 v" _ k
24. Symbolic lights
C# M) `$ V; p. ] 25. Displays of portraits
5 L4 ~1 k/ q1 D2 f( p 26. Paint as protest( |0 i; L" n8 K1 d/ {7 A2 l
27. New signs and names* t& m& m2 i1 E6 y+ N+ x( s `
28. Symbolic sounds! q3 N1 I! D: {8 ~. H
29. Symbolic reclamations
, X$ t P& N5 h, P, ? 30. Rude gestures" P5 d! \3 c- e( p/ b" k9 Q
' ?% M; X0 \; A/ |* i9 }* mPressures on Individuals
: S5 ^- u$ G+ w1 U' {; f2 ] 31. “Haunting” officials# @ _/ }; r0 S6 D6 ?6 v' W
32. Taunting officials
" V: h [6 C! i% p5 x 33. Fraternization Z% [* a, Q" ^& Q5 ^1 I$ Q/ K1 s
34. Vigils
! V2 k# g$ u V) X* D ^" f, w" m* X g: H7 ^
Drama and Music% z4 T9 h- S5 \* I( E! d0 p
35. Humorous skits and pranks
7 a' I2 F% g: D: K 36. Performances of plays and music
[; q1 E: J: p8 ]4 t 37. Singing
- _1 g8 W( b% {- c1 |2 S: Z- {; V) l# W9 Y9 G# }
Processions
$ y4 H, n4 p& A8 ^1 m& P- T h 38. Marches/ o% Z/ U5 f! A8 U
39. Parades" k. V* \7 Q2 l
40. Religious processions
( ^" G% h) `# _( s% K T& K& N/ h, L 41. Pilgrimages
0 \# w& w1 ~' p" Q c& b9 q& T 42. Motorcades% [: M* [6 Y$ L( X6 p" Q, v" X( y
/ \: \3 L0 _2 e: nHonoring the Dead
% k0 \) I( W* ]. S) m, y1 ~0 { 43. Political mourning
- c0 i/ L$ |* d' F 44. Mock funerals3 E/ ]+ e' C8 e, e% C+ \
45. Demonstrative funerals% x4 q) H& C! K3 [$ d6 S3 f
46. Homage at burial places. k) X% |$ G4 |3 ~
+ I% S, Z1 I" u
Public Assemblies
4 m. U+ V9 ?+ j, K4 r4 K8 t' m* I+ N 47. Assemblies of protest or support
# e& z# a. i4 z- p5 N7 o 48. Protest meetings0 ?8 i* {' b3 d% f: N# ~; }
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
2 i0 E+ Z& b0 w$ e3 H 50. Teach-ins" ^3 P8 m6 j+ `; p1 l7 m% T' n
7 w b% T: Y: y1 m# F
Withdrawal and Renunciation
$ U2 w" d' c# [! w) T8 m 51. Walk-outs" [3 B% A3 {5 W& }" f
52. Silence l. k/ T8 ? v+ i3 t
53. Renouncing honors& ^( {. }/ l* g0 p7 [+ h1 ~
54. Turning one’s back, N8 n$ X1 O! R2 x
! x1 ?- q( _( m) v- C/ M6 f3 b; { / P. g$ V" J3 f1 ?+ b& W
3 W, w/ y3 v* |, NTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
0 }& C) i+ M% B" e; b% w* V# V, E4 t @- V( [3 _& Z, c
- h7 W( E/ n: m; f+ D* j6 H n. ]& X0 J3 i0 m. i
Ostracism of Persons( v+ W i! W6 x2 @ k
55. Social boycott5 _8 f; N7 J, }- v/ H
56. Selective social boycott
( U5 L# E+ @4 E; p& N T 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ b! [3 R1 \- l S# _% J1 u0 S 58. Excommunication
: q9 {0 M# u, Z. E4 c6 X4 v 59. Interdict
; Z; n- e M6 z
& B9 H: D" G8 }* u8 Y1 NNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions# v4 g! u$ t0 c7 J8 w+ D$ Q
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
4 g/ u6 m* k# F) V& T* a 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 T4 w1 g/ D& I* j; ?# @ 62. Student strike
0 ~& e" H7 ?- P0 X# N* T0 Q2 M 63. Social disobedience
- q' g8 s o6 r' X) v 64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 Y/ Y% L. F) n) ^
0 c6 v: s" D! E& ]. v9 mWithdrawal from the Social System5 g. b6 Y; m1 w
65. Stay-at-home
- ~8 p2 j# q' @4 l# [ 66. Total personal noncooperation1 [& }. j/ r0 r$ f( e+ \$ y ^
67. “Flight” of workers
$ w- H' a& B# X% ^! y' Q 68. Sanctuary
- B! n7 a$ {& ?" u 69. Collective disappearance
' G8 {' ~$ T' s8 V* o: X# d9 C 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
! |/ k1 m8 A# ?. o4 N: W' I
) ^6 N# Z7 I5 }; [+ ?% A 2 X# U- @+ p4 g% w
+ l# z4 U, e9 }0 X: W4 J5 z1 \THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS% d' i& _- |0 Q) A* M4 O; O: {: R
% S X9 P8 i8 A2 F& c
: c& S5 P/ ]* Q6 r7 _6 }2 MActions by Consumers
$ ` g: o/ T J8 b( ?3 ~3 | 71. Consumers’ boycott
7 S6 b3 q( S! _: F5 N" K 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& [" _$ X. o6 P; c, }3 [& y; u
73. Policy of austerity8 t4 X: u# i7 W9 W: W9 ?
74. Rent withholding2 T. x$ l( n- i6 o8 Z7 y) x
75. Refusal to rent/ _! C4 X2 G8 n) D( q, Q
76. National consumers’ boycott
; }+ z5 D9 o+ Y ]" Z! K- E, v3 _ 77. International consumers’ boycott6 e2 P1 r" g2 q2 Z) ]7 L% U
# e/ _+ Z e) I
Action by Workers and Producers
4 m* R0 o. r, Y) e" Z7 x 78. Workmen’s boycott* l2 X2 p* s6 {2 r7 u4 F
79. Producers’ boycott
/ ?# ^, G' H/ S4 f* m* |7 ]1 v5 Z7 A1 V) M! A: l: b% U
Action by Middlemen
+ I' l K( i H. R 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
8 B' m, ?3 R. o8 \, x2 j3 z6 c7 P$ E i7 F+ F6 ?! W% a1 [2 ?
Action by Owners and Management$ p" \% u8 b5 c; u% c8 n# G5 f$ N& x
81. Traders’ boycott% x, X' K. ?9 M( q0 g; L
82. Refusal to let or sell property
! g" T5 o+ a r 83. Lockout1 v- _7 ]8 S( O8 [
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
1 ^$ a% X7 T" y. w# c 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ L( f! E( k8 ^9 D, }7 W4 a+ A! [
4 v( B, v3 O) x2 b* J# A4 a( aAction by Holders of Financial Resources
" D" n2 y% j9 R$ _ 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- O8 L7 E8 y; u4 D% N6 B
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
6 R) H3 h! N+ X4 ]; J! b1 [ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest$ C b9 I0 Y( S' d3 h0 B4 Y
89. Severance of funds and credit
2 ^) g8 O4 h) |. |) n5 E 90. Revenue refusal
" ~( X2 S; \6 e; ~# e 91. Refusal of a government’s money/ z; X: g0 |4 b( _5 s8 e
# ^3 O$ ~* G( L }6 E2 a' [Action by Governments4 \$ o8 M( P, u* ?4 b$ v+ Q
92. Domestic embargo$ U4 R9 {& n' A) c. r' q3 M
93. Blacklisting of traders
: T8 Z" T+ s8 B% \7 `% k& j5 { 94. International sellers’ embargo
1 @) V- V( t* p Z 95. International buyers’ embargo, _2 U2 K J4 O' O( ?# q
96. International trade embargo* ?5 x7 I9 l ?& g( S9 a
2 y- _7 ~& K) C+ W2 P 2 n% y+ V( f3 l! j' E3 U
9 |" [' g c( c S0 M$ t+ e
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE7 x2 u1 J9 }# D$ N( I o. I
6 ]* o" [' L! h3 x
% M& |6 k( _' x+ w* M! ASymbolic Strikes! X6 @) P+ h1 _+ Z: g
97. Protest strike
9 L% d( n. ^" L 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike): A/ R [0 ^2 P+ y; O" r
$ n- J8 y9 p- K1 i
Agricultural Strikes
/ G# g4 v2 U4 |: i( X. y 99. Peasant strike i9 W' u# `4 l" X
100. Farm Workers’ strike
; n4 {0 w4 o( [' K! @- ], c, w& K
Strikes by Special Groups
( z H5 e1 N7 J9 h/ N. [ 101. Refusal of impressed labor" B" ?" Z$ B0 Y7 b+ n
102. Prisoners’ strike/ A, c' d/ H( O* N: h9 _% q3 E
103. Craft strike, q' g/ |; A/ i: |" x/ T5 f: R
104. Professional strike
; J) S- [$ [! @ p: K& ?' f- u" J
. j1 R% t# c+ P( E* ?* M1 s6 eOrdinary Industrial Strikes
! a) E M+ @1 Y5 y- j U: ? 105. Establishment strike
0 g0 N' D4 U' D2 u. C" N 106. Industry strike
' [7 I2 a. T! g5 _" x) _$ h- I! V( [ 107. Sympathetic strike
. t$ a9 P: X5 h$ I$ N( S8 ?8 @! G" o! s' [' A- o
Restricted Strikes, o; b+ [: `% v7 l% x7 ]( F
108. Detailed strike2 h0 _2 m* |; d$ V# L
109. Bumper strike
& T& F/ w8 D, b0 P0 R+ ` 110. Slowdown strike$ Z8 x8 R/ J( [4 k3 F
111. Working-to-rule strike
# ~6 n* X- E0 w/ Q 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' _' P. s# [8 R m5 t5 _7 M4 z) T
113. Strike by resignation
' v2 {6 B& K/ D. ?2 x+ R 114. Limited strike
. o8 W4 i& C, E# A/ G$ Z6 A 115. Selective strike
9 A, P+ M9 E# h! @& w3 s% `# e+ G
* C' V$ [* D8 \# o7 v8 x V- `Multi-Industry Strikes# O% @" U1 w; i9 H9 y+ N6 q* }: D
$ H+ O) B, P* [$ n* w 116. Generalized strike
6 h$ D" A- S, {3 ]& E; r# Z9 q8 V+ C- k1 @5 k& N
117. General strike( y- o" P5 t' ^9 T4 v! {
% q+ N- ]$ ^7 G/ k4 ^8 Y
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
9 C1 ~' P: x1 T( G s0 E$ s8 b& i" n9 n) ^4 B& [. e
118. Hartal
& f9 B: `3 c7 t$ R* ~8 @# J9 G4 b/ A8 m
119. Economic shutdown0 X- M. M" f. l( Z5 `6 d( k! p* Q
* H) \# o4 q! k8 U
, J6 P8 w! v0 M( k
2 x. g- V" p5 Z! aTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
5 t* C" K V2 A- H8 `4 @
! W8 S$ ~9 P5 ~1 [. R
1 I! ?2 F2 s8 C) {; a: f& i: TRejection of Authority |; k- `3 w) p z- n6 T9 _* I t
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
$ O. o$ v' O8 ~. N+ z 121. Refusal of public support
. Y% Q% _5 j: K% g& u3 b! o 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance* B; A1 `% u) ~9 Z; Z$ F& {
( z; \" U' d' y1 J7 `Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
( q+ T: M$ a0 I0 G 123. Boycott of legislative bodies. ~" e, X1 m# T+ \* T$ q# I3 j
124. Boycott of elections- E9 g. D/ {! s( A
125. Boycott of government employment and positions2 {4 t5 W7 _3 i1 j
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 E6 W& c3 s9 N( I 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
0 ^% E) C+ T; x. g- ~; x5 q 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- ^) r l1 l. x4 ] 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
; Y) \. G$ z+ v1 }$ T8 Q3 q) ~* p 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks) P4 [5 u6 h! L. D
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials5 S! V* x, ~6 K; {0 ~, t( B/ r* S
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
# V8 P9 b: S m+ C8 Q7 V% p% {1 o9 I
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
; ]% h: S! h3 N+ m! p 133. Reluctant and slow compliance/ C ?+ `9 g# N( [8 x: \
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision6 x1 a: R3 B# `; O: L/ n# R, _
135. Popular nonobedience
/ ]& B: H! t: p 136. Disguised disobedience! H) }7 j$ ]' [2 S7 h% K6 k( W
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
( U- T h8 ^6 r; ` 138. Sitdown
" |! J6 }8 I- o! J E: z- ` 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
) F3 Q* ?: x. e9 l2 h$ G! c 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
4 v% R$ w9 S* e% O" G 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws2 a9 H, [; Z! H& I! N1 e
# Z& ]) O, Q/ H% S+ l" r* k
Action by Government Personnel
7 [' k V- a1 A/ |: k% T 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides& b! g7 J2 n" z: _( A# J/ c0 [
143. Blocking of lines of command and information4 D2 {/ x9 _( b% g( n% I
144. Stalling and obstruction
: L: y: [5 v; \: G; I- U1 J 145. General administrative noncooperation$ O, [' H5 }; ~( L1 _) J7 g0 [, s
9 o, e8 z* j- j7 C; h9 j% a 146. Judicial noncooperation( ?9 i* N# U; K" p1 O0 L
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' Y: j P ^7 E: i1 U 148. Mutiny
2 @; f2 O3 Q# Y8 s) B) |) TDomestic Governmental Action1 G9 @+ Q ?4 \8 j4 C. n( I
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays0 _- c' Z+ H( Z5 @, ^
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
5 Y: p2 [# }9 ]
# z' s. |6 x9 l: Y. o J5 C+ hInternational Governmental Action
, I5 D @$ f3 M$ Z9 ^& w 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations8 u& _! I/ F$ m7 x* D0 |2 d
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events) I+ }1 m0 `- h' i
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
" }+ B# k& m- S t4 l5 v 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 e) V1 c C* u. o/ ~) u, f 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
2 J! |$ a7 G" T4 k 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
( G' s1 X i: Q* q) X! w 157. Expulsion from international organizations
( s: Z$ ~: i6 U7 Y$ i# a! D
- y, p8 q7 f7 c 8 f q# h! W7 m1 m( \' M3 X+ v
+ R$ ^0 H* O% D2 f
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
2 p# a0 j& Q d2 V# v- S! r
! ]$ |4 R" X( }5 W9 ]5 Q3 V4 w * m6 H% V- U2 s. W* u
Psychological Intervention" S6 e4 W% t% r4 c& ~
158. Self-exposure to the elements
3 E% [( _% t/ a y- i' N& k+ { 159. The fast, M/ e( _* B# R+ Q+ z8 j
a) Fast of moral pressure
8 N$ c+ Z, C3 c3 t3 v b) Hunger strike
1 E; A. o1 T1 C- E2 Z2 n7 {: C5 w7 ^ c) Satyagrahic fast
/ K6 S) s. i" _! G0 r2 K 160. Reverse trial1 y) @& Q( X& ]5 L3 X
161. Nonviolent harassment
6 J. v# B* }6 ?7 k) h' [. R( B, {
Physical Intervention
$ Q/ O9 C- j% \& p/ F 162. Sit-in
6 u( S- V* m$ v/ h 163. Stand-in2 }, E2 D, k, E: C
164. Ride-in9 }, o2 @2 T6 I, ]! `* ?
165. Wade-in
0 f- _4 h2 {# c1 h0 } 166. Mill-in
9 v3 |, p7 U5 O! n3 g& A: j, J 167. Pray-in
. s5 k* \+ T: O% \$ R$ M% { 168. Nonviolent raids' b5 Z9 w+ z7 T/ |
169. Nonviolent air raids
$ Q7 R. g" b, D) O$ I4 M' R; \+ D1 _ 170. Nonviolent invasion
0 q4 S7 N. F: x# d7 N; T: _2 y$ y4 D 171. Nonviolent interjection
' t" J: h- e3 ?. J, g 172. Nonviolent obstruction
) y. {- }& W, G( X& z1 y& j 173. Nonviolent occupation
, }6 B* V4 y0 o3 h7 F: Q# M' Q; _9 D% O" a' `
Social Intervention% B# b' d6 a% E y( N
174. Establishing new social patterns
9 O/ N. e7 ?( A, H 175. Overloading of facilities
8 u/ e7 @' ?" V4 h+ s1 P V0 N 176. Stall-in% G7 {* z2 ?# A0 K7 l; T; P
177. Speak-in7 f" E6 V m& d. ^1 e" F
178. Guerrilla theater
+ a( r" p) y: Z8 D3 Y# f0 ` 179. Alternative social institutions
2 o$ a5 f& O) Y y+ p 180. Alternative communication system
; g6 ]4 z9 ~% _; I. l! V
( v0 {& N& @! }Economic Intervention
/ D; M3 J ?9 ?" L) ?3 B 181. Reverse strike' h9 p- Y/ X! `, B6 p
182. Stay-in strike
7 M0 N3 P/ X+ x& B B/ ~ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
+ o) y" V# I1 K2 B/ u 184. Defiance of blockades2 I) J# \& W9 ~" ?
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
7 V9 g( n* r/ W) _. i$ q, q% q 186. Preclusive purchasing
4 z' j' u$ ]4 b# ?5 F4 W' h 187. Seizure of assets
+ z% r( K2 | [! @$ I7 ~7 E9 `6 M5 N 188. Dumping
0 {+ c! G4 d; b. u' | 189. Selective patronage4 U3 J B' M0 n( j) R7 e
190. Alternative markets, g: N, j+ z/ K' d5 ^0 A# ~! n' ]& m
191. Alternative transportation systems
* L. z, }5 ^, | N# w; m, S 192. Alternative economic institutions3 \8 b. X; u2 F7 {9 \' ~: s
+ q/ @5 m. \- h$ i$ n% ~Political Intervention! M( V6 X. {5 h- @" w
193. Overloading of administrative systems5 g& F- ^0 {/ Y" F' J0 B
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
9 c$ p: Q K# u6 @ 195. Seeking imprisonment
$ P/ S, A5 K; K# ]+ {) r# v 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
3 k/ {3 f* {& b' r% E 197. Work-on without collaboration1 W7 ?8 q+ o* K% A& G: m2 P
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
* f( U! t+ P6 a- a2 p3 i& }: [. N) H: L: ~" Y5 r# F
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
