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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
- x' R$ i+ P; a* Y: N! N( {# u! ]" i! _) Q$ L& C
Proof: 6 G: }4 A. m+ C3 [0 g( Y, Q. `
Let n >1 be an integer # M* |- J* G, L
Basis: (n=2)
7 V" N) U& V9 X7 | e 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
4 }& \! U2 o0 W4 S# s# E& s* G! ~2 [
Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
! f4 E" D- l, u z- h0 b2 ~* W K^3 – K can by divided by 3.. p* b) [9 m2 O2 e
0 m+ V, L* _# G! d3 c% `. L) \Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 37 t1 e+ F6 s; H% P% ~3 ]
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
" d- e, s* [/ P8 O! ~: \9 ~8 ~Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)1 I; ~& l9 F7 k* J
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
) _9 e. @" D2 u; g, Q9 J9 c = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
. q6 t, j' z, w. J9 u = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K), K! d* N) u$ V8 S
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
, j2 J+ A! |6 I! D) P* y0 N' lSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)- t! H5 d. J4 ]0 w$ }
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)# V6 c! u/ [4 \8 q4 F; n
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3! j o! z7 @/ w8 V4 G) f2 V2 f
3 D+ T' e& f* x
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.+ Q& \$ s3 y% X6 z! j7 b
# p: x J K& V4 m! r[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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