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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)- s; m9 Q& t0 L. q5 h
$ j- w& Y1 S/ L: `, _; n2 DProof:
) u! k. v: H% o3 u; r' k. ZLet n >1 be an integer
2 V: x5 d: O+ pBasis: (n=2)
7 m2 [0 X, ? ]' L7 A 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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3 ?6 q; d1 V, \4 ^# ?Induction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that
/ b$ p7 P) c8 b# e7 M. _% E" s1 F K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
' F }# @( `7 D$ F! f8 b9 ?
9 H/ E t0 G% ?' v) H) R; ENow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
9 o D# x/ F! v( Ksince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem- T9 [- Q2 X& z9 T; L' `7 `/ x
Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)1 S) R; B2 e+ e7 h8 @" j
= K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
4 O+ o3 o! }8 E2 `% G' D% [4 @4 Y = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)# v+ f2 c9 k% p7 n# n% y
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)) m% E: r& B" h+ v! b" z
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>05 I( r) P! X/ D* M3 y
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)2 o E$ e/ m/ k! v9 G& l
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
* n* b R/ m" W% d/ h9 D: { = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 30 C' Q) q* I; ]5 F( ^! F9 _
4 B/ p5 A0 {6 M+ s- v5 N9 q" dConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.) z7 e& z" t [1 `$ R; L9 z- \* S
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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