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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)4 I: K2 D) i! q' S' @( U
% A+ W1 o3 N2 Q& `3 t5 n4 p
Proof:
1 b7 m3 a7 L3 y# m6 o" c$ }Let n >1 be an integer 0 T# E( _, _9 ]3 p
Basis: (n=2)
q7 i/ L0 h3 M, Q% K2 K7 r4 ~ 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
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5 s& O) }/ |% e, c! e7 hInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that+ \: n" o" `0 O" Q1 r
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.# Y' P: @$ }% x `# P" { _
, r9 U! u9 [/ Y8 y0 HNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3; r; @+ |' M5 \5 H- t
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
( {, m( }3 d2 p+ v$ D& n7 ~3 HThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
( l$ ]5 P) z! P% l0 H; n" w( M# _3 | = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K) \% H- ~% C/ y( s3 q
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
0 T( a/ b+ p: q& D* _" ~ = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
! P4 L# D- y, F, O c$ sby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0+ H5 `. w# ?, _7 V7 s
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
4 R O+ o& E% c3 m! X* y = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
9 R/ y) T4 j" Q; D7 Y. \ = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 30 \$ [/ Z9 S/ M! z
# V5 [5 e$ Y3 L4 b' x5 H( |& UConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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