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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
' z! J2 G, R, u- L2 f( fInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the1 K! P$ s' P& t8 e) O+ o+ e! O
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
1 r' z0 ~8 R6 U6 c& G& c+ `and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial# d7 Q8 D6 Q% P' q: g
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of9 A: S0 D: p9 B- C v" H
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
m, I3 x/ \5 D# m& a( pA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
. z' \" c/ R3 D( Q4 p0 C' S- T6 \[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
l/ [' |4 G z( K0 M U(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving9 h8 m& [0 z8 h4 n. Q, u8 K# Z$ N. U4 n
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on0 @8 ^) L6 ^1 U* q& m1 D
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
3 }& e( J7 _! r4 g(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
/ N3 p) K+ L! H7 d! S% tsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
. i/ ^0 v4 p, [0 G/ c+ Y( E% tsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.) ^, D- Z4 b! v' Z, U5 W' w9 @3 l* L
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
" n: H5 M- V4 n& a1 m1 Qcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
# L% \! N2 W$ h# c4 ^6 Dthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
\2 S; t! I2 E& Q# S( i
: F# F0 t( H/ l8 S: j2 e2 J6 Q(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch); v2 X* B7 r( p s# h* f2 L, S
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
