鲜花( 0) 鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
% J: X& R- X* qInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the0 G, o/ V0 G* a" n" V
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,, Y6 F& f1 ?& C- J
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
9 P, |. P) |* q+ t(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of$ Q2 i4 z U4 p: z
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)., T p& m# ]3 K4 H8 h
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=; j+ z. _6 G5 E7 p) l
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
3 C1 ~1 R1 |. O+ m6 @1 ](phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
' Y7 q) t F' H3 `retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on F. v% t9 B' H5 R
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset- |7 x" k' W2 x* M8 v3 E
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
& I# W$ g G: {2 |5 Msegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
4 S( _+ a1 N4 F, u6 O# p2 Xsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
+ ~ w3 u/ G* N' J9 w% Bend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In9 q% d$ Y( K7 }0 q
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,/ R [7 U! t+ s' x) M; g# _
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
$ C: S0 s& j1 \+ O" n# `5 U% d1 R
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
( W3 M6 ~! Z$ J/ w& Y( r1 v4 Y uand American speakers of English, |
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