 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
, Y! x. y% x2 CInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
% G% a! [+ Y+ r1 v7 b/ ~syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
" D0 ?9 A, B+ o" {, i# H) Cand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial! J& V4 }# d1 l$ z% E: b
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
" l" S/ X5 V) `2 a) _; lretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).% M9 v: U3 A( E
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (= e; G) b I- J3 O8 y( U
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]' D- E, J; ^2 L" J- \
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving# @% e% W) o' R6 p
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on4 e- v, w+ f; |
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
" m! _: E' M+ ~, c/ ^6 s(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
; ~9 Z2 n6 p) d" K7 n: G( Vsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
4 I* W/ i7 E* n0 ~! W- ^0 osemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.0 M( \- D0 O% Y8 T R
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
: o. T. Y4 w! R& L9 Y% ecompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,- ?, g K/ H% ^# ?, p. L
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..# r7 k3 X& S. g4 B" x+ p3 m
0 N, f3 q x6 X' Y( F(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
q% F* T' h H$ Z$ n* B- Jand American speakers of English, |
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