 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
& N' C& s0 L3 B' GInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the0 J3 X. p, [! Q" N7 }; w) b* T8 B
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,7 h" K' T& V8 a6 c
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial; n- }# L0 L5 ^; Q3 k% e5 s
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
5 D9 r9 D4 {4 r$ [retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
. V4 t B1 h/ O+ XA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=9 g9 `3 I( [: y- m: K
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”], [) G2 q: z+ h' g, o
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving) w2 f% `0 s( {- X7 Z5 H" T% u. D
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
+ c, Y, ?& g# Bpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
$ {3 T. J: q! h' \; D# F- m2 a. T+ y(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two, }5 Y2 @, C6 M7 K% i3 L
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a. [* f% I/ e6 _4 y2 i/ Q* t v+ T
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
% t( c6 B$ j6 l0 V6 Uend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
* q* O# }: g% j* ocompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
# F" S9 E7 y% Mthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..; c! R9 \) ~# [4 V5 D9 ^" |, X
& |+ D7 {. H- Y( j2 O" j
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)) e7 R$ H6 _: A' `9 v! q" G& j
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
