从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
. u. B, x5 _: r' z# @+ ~
% I  ]  B: p6 D! |7 X0 x* }, hA：I like apples.

* H; W8 K: W% c) PB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
6 J2 I" X2 x, m+ ~
+ I6 [; {8 w% Q! B　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
! ]6 T0 w; K1 o4 t  E2 K
本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
  S# I  l( D: l' P
1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
  K& ]+ l. Q  m; b
2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
2 J3 u; s4 b1 d& D7 c8 G  T
: L$ l  @. f, Q6 d第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
9 D  W" r1 j; C# B, I& v
# Q# }" s& `* @/ ]3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

! |( g/ i) x- p1 D% C4 t如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!
+ u. C! Y5 ]$ F6 h+ j8 d1 Q) \: V  S; o
. Q$ `! w1 ~5 c9 ?5 [" A$ I; uThis cup hasn't got a handle!
, _( ^& w# y: v. M& Q& Y' v9 H" L
---Nor it has!

四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

Derothy: Look it's raining!
' `2 J8 s2 {! k9 k) @( ~! ~' C1 m/ ^
6 v" ]. j7 V4 M; {Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
7 S9 g  K) ?) Z: `
' ~& f% P. _: K0 L; D. `  z1 I+ vDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

, g+ ^2 K8 c9 w+ t! A$ U2 SDonald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

Derothy: So we can.

Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
% _2 R: F  L( s1 M
# S' R9 c! D$ VDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
' L- w7 w5 }( `0 F3 I) J! U
Denald: Yes, let's.
6 w! k# {+ C+ K
Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
5 m" W  q8 J' l
Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
2 m9 C8 x5 u; ?4 r% e
Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
* s7 Z  z  \4 ~/ F
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

8 l, T% q( _; ^/ h0 aDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
" u' Q( n9 w7 x  G
Dorothy: It's the postman.
0 L* f6 ~; M5 l9 `* }$ P+ V
Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
$ Z, H* t0 O3 o  x0 {  ~
, y7 R8 d- d; c# cDorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
1 w$ V! z! T/ V1 N) p5 _( A( ^
Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

Dorothy: Nor do I!
3 D* u; |5 K% v2 a6 p
Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

9 `$ V2 g5 i; Q5 ~/ G" IDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
2 ?: M, Y5 v" |3 I, n
6 _: Z, `0 ^! c+ Z% {: iDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

# z0 c. W  R5 tDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

7 M5 [5 |+ U: h+ Y; M) ?0 q# ^Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

' d. q2 F7 \1 H/ oDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

9 `5 X4 Z! X4 Y% A3 h+ r- @Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.