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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
7 |: t6 e; [5 Q例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
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' |7 L; X% e c# `: ], {0 DA：I like apples. - h7 B8 m3 Y4 D" q. U
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B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
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0 h( ?2 z* ] }1 U6 t- ?) I 这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。 # J3 A; x* o0 X% o E
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本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。 3 ]8 V* D" C6 W9 O2 ^ B2 M7 x
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1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he. % z n1 P/ F: |& {# t& v
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2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。 " z @" y& @! J( ]1 i3 O, _* }
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又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明： & S- b% Z+ e2 l) g; Q' J2 l
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第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
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第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。
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5 G5 ~" e' v5 l! _" G3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. * t' s% u7 A4 P' Q! J" ^( ]
& R3 E1 K7 Z0 U: u- m, O4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构 1 w# Z2 N" B3 @1 b
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如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
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4 u8 q- G1 k6 y- H8 I( u---Nor it is!
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This cup hasn't got a handle! 5 I! B8 ^" q5 @3 T
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---Nor it has! 9 a4 R6 S# V0 _/ X5 \
, u6 _' N8 ^* a$ v. x四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
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9 B' ~7 n- `, m9 t! U2 D! ZDerothy: Look it's raining!
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Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now. / l, J9 H p% s0 G
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Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
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Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
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Derothy: So we can. + M# N2 j p# A. Q, w0 Y/ \
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Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole". ; A% W3 g9 N2 O
9 [! d1 @, n! R/ dDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
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/ Y. @' s2 J' J6 yDenald: Yes, let's. ( y, v/ @( X5 I( r, K
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Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock. {) ]* f" ?5 m
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Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too. # T& V0 x, i. Y
* j$ g7 |& y' v7 S0 Y! M- n6 e" EDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
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Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more. 1 q4 L4 y# e& r
7 q) g, Y. j2 Z, r! s( ^Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk. - c7 i, U9 U" @# v
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Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
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Dorothy: It's the postman.
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Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet. - `7 v3 n) ?/ X0 u) u9 L' T
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Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us. , `; i' v; f7 t# U3 a0 h
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Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills! + |2 F6 c) f: F: t' k
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Dorothy: Nor do I! $ ]$ ~+ Z! v' I1 s; [6 O1 C( W
1 S$ |0 D* ]) c4 ~Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
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Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
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, U) u4 x3 n, p, k' x1 r% {Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
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+ g1 w' w. D9 D& r/ X3 R$ d( qDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
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Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
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- V3 ?7 ^ \3 s4 [; E( }/ C6 y. e+ nDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
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. a, S9 [ c: X4 Y9 {Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange. ; A6 E t# p9 t" K/ A0 S7 ?& J
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Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
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发表于 2006-4-18 18:28
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