从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
+ a+ H; Z8 N: _, x  p2 Q例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

A：I like apples.
4 z! ~4 d) @: B7 `
4 o9 F, t& Y$ BB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）

( D* _% z9 ^% J* W/ @) Y: y　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

& @. _- m0 p% p: H' g' f1 C+ K本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
6 c5 X3 z( \" J& ]% J
1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
& i# f% x/ o  d
2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
8 Z  Y8 M) i0 t' p1 W
- ]# O& ~, g$ r1 k7 S9 i第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)

第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
4 ~, i# a6 {2 @5 E8 C0 r$ E3 @2 q
3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　
! G$ g% `; x. @$ N5 ?+ X# T
4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!
- c3 l( C) o3 g% [: Z
5 C- i( h9 e3 j1 @: OThis cup hasn't got a handle!

---Nor it has!

四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

- q( y8 v5 W1 c7 w" J+ @$ zDerothy: Look it's raining!

Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

" `2 y2 H& j4 o) DDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
. {0 M4 F5 \+ y0 a
) D& S5 M2 \8 h$ {7 p0 ^Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

* v' l( z3 @0 F2 g4 H: G4 [$ cDerothy: So we can.
1 q! J/ \+ L1 ^* Z
+ H- _3 L9 m& v1 [: [Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".

; Z/ S/ w5 @- K: d7 h, J# hDerothy: So there is! Shall we go?
5 e. B" m6 u" C+ H
Denald: Yes, let's.

Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
! N( R% A3 ]4 X+ w# D: i0 s+ J' X; z
6 E& O8 ^7 E7 a4 oDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

7 x. t& @: @, h- w- |Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
& _* u0 z$ a( ?* d% A) F
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

! p- m; C/ c& @$ X% F9 aDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

5 E9 D. Q; P! v# h1 {4 FDorothy: It's the postman.

Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
  Q, b' N+ Z' }0 f8 j3 P3 x3 C( t
( }  F- x6 v; P4 W; K2 NDorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
6 _$ y$ v4 b: p) F$ X& |8 [4 F8 H$ v
Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
" c& i" T0 u% F2 c9 G
" E6 L0 J8 Z' E6 f0 K3 e. jDorothy: Nor do I!

. p, U: }& d4 wDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

  e: S; M  S7 mDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
$ A' R; C& Z% d4 S: g3 @
Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
$ o, s  z* R; W9 d  ~
Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
( X2 o2 v9 x6 l" \7 W, Q# t
0 F: L6 `1 c; c4 ]* hDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.