从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
' F' h' d1 T6 G! ]- i例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
  ~3 s2 b; B9 {' e! z* p1 ?5 u
A：I like apples.

" K! S. u! H, f9 E0 [B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
) j! L+ u3 ^& |) r" z: o; c( O
　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
& K6 |. {6 T; u/ c8 Y& ?4 U
1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

$ J' f- G& _" l) Q2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

2 b) m7 N; K1 Z9 Z第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)

" f. a, B# j+ y/ E8 e8 l  _% x+ p第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
5 k5 b6 e9 u# ?3 C& b4 X
3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

, W8 m( Q9 w. }. }如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
+ e% @9 T( t! [
5 r1 i* D2 i* l' i/ C/ \---Nor it is!
7 w4 o3 e  X! q
This cup hasn't got a handle!

---Nor it has!
& ~' W% J: {( F4 [% u
2 W+ Z% t0 u, U四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
7 e. N8 g, M4 M1 |  Z; f
Derothy: Look it's raining!

- }9 @" {4 j* q" ?Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
: b  I/ t' x3 x
Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
" w- |2 ?% J  M
Derothy: So we can.

6 P4 `. U7 o* W' k3 N# t) x/ LDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
6 [6 c$ A# _' p1 b
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?

Denald: Yes, let's.
7 W# z4 h# U3 i5 b
Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
0 E' y: k4 ~' \. g: u: j8 s
6 d! q7 M* T5 [- k6 t7 P( s" wDenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
8 \- Y- j' W+ t; S* a8 J
Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
4 M+ L( ~, h+ [
Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
( Z  r& J& b; @
0 O" v* D, r1 W" S; s( z6 [Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

; B3 c, o8 J, \4 `+ T3 SDorothy: It's the postman.

& d2 i7 L( ]- z6 ?9 t1 C9 {& TDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.
9 }3 ^: C% x. u* e6 t6 p; y
2 @+ v2 j( _) y9 A! j9 P5 {& JDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
+ _, c2 @# N) Z3 e- ~' N7 U
( W+ x0 w7 u6 fDorothy: Nor do I!
( e: n3 @7 y2 g* Z9 _, _& F
Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
) K7 u: Z8 b9 i% z
3 \& z6 u* i  s1 sDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
& i1 x) O; J; }0 G9 R. u& {
Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
2 y% s* |8 Z3 ~. d
0 k; ?5 V! o" M* bDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
( |: ~( B" P+ a+ ^  o& [! Q
; a8 L3 c; q6 HDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.