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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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i: V7 m5 ?6 Y: _' M# c4 G( Z" Z 一、厕所
3 S$ P' b: c5 n8 ~- M" K 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 : Q! Q5 Z" n( Q6 o* Q
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二、解小便 3 ~$ J- |9 S6 D! A) \
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
/ k$ P9 z: L$ o) M m' j Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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/ ?. M& k" C) N$ E$ V: t 医生或许也会问:
, X0 ?, Y7 J+ L Do you have trouble urinating?
- o7 z ?% W3 P0 o7 { L/ G =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 1 y8 o) k/ ? e' z% V/ o
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此外,还有其他的说法:
8 J( V, o8 |5 m to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: ) T' P/ T* C3 b
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
4 G. C1 ~$ [8 _: Y1 j * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 6 r4 i, E) A' r8 B
/ w0 r4 u! T, r: ? 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
7 B, Y: Y; J5 T" u * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ; w) T9 Q3 C, }) u
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 % e- q1 \! U( u) _3 C2 ~
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 7 V0 K: K/ U; a% O5 Q: z/ K
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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, J+ W2 i9 u8 @ * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
# c/ G ]) w7 w 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ; L" C/ S# b; r
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
1 h/ }& R/ V% Q5 l! m * The boy needs to pee.
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! r- c; k ^ f/ O% k# Q; a 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 9 h' n9 U! W2 E% u7 ?- F4 w% }
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: : N" }! {2 x. d0 ~. F8 _
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. , }/ s% E+ c1 _. r+ l5 b) [- u) f9 D
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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, @ u# }1 \7 ]8 l 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
, Q4 {2 T2 X* [7 m) g. S8 Y * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 9 Y' _, ^4 d" y- z7 `* h
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 0 O5 h+ B! Z, C0 T* U) v( y
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
; J% G* q# y! Z* t/ N! q * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) , d/ R6 y& y; v8 o* J" u& p
v& R$ s, |9 R4 M/ I* I 三、解大便
9 D3 |$ B1 k( w5 d3 ] 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: + N: J0 P7 H7 } M0 z* q
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
' z6 i5 e& q6 r =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 5 H; k7 x# Y" D0 ?" F
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 7 v; q( n2 m' R; s
$ q% ]4 j" z0 X0 l) ?) ^$ w 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
- ?1 K7 ?2 B" c/ z * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) ( |1 w; e/ ?3 u9 Q7 B
( }( [: B5 M9 L& P 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 3 w$ p; ]+ r& r9 J
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 2 }" J2 e7 \; Q9 ?: N. [
7 ?7 @ C3 w+ g) h+ U/ \ 四、放屁 2 i; I3 N: u! ^( R
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: $ h+ ^1 x! b4 M8 i3 _' p
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? . {- V+ N% B5 w
你放屁的次数很多吗? # `9 P$ W# Y' z1 J
* Is the gas expelled by belching? , L) u! z! y- H* [0 b; |# b
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
) R# c9 L, X$ n2 z8 J9 [ * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
8 K5 t8 p6 h9 r) j( X, k* F 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
2 K% A8 `) X! d# d; f8 k: p) s3 O# | * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 7 O; @8 t2 u# ^
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
9 M( ~- x, U$ s# b: d * Be careful not to fart in the public. $ A4 R0 a6 w; ?7 }; s
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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: n, ?- E3 p( p( h. J! \ 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ; s" r# f4 |, g6 `6 {
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
/ b3 K# t& h; y$ J/ c/ L* {6 I+ _ = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. # M. B# `# X! D; G, y
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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( {! A4 x0 I; w( O * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
6 R# Z) Y f6 V+ S M% x/ j; E( {1 p 胃不舒服有两星期了。) * K% s* e5 Z' w9 S6 h
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 0 G) K$ E$ @0 O) Z' y: a8 ?
他经常便秘。) 或 ' U* L! {& E: X# b
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 E: p( f1 N3 K3 R
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
4 {( i/ S8 ?, J- ^$ o1 s0 D * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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: M2 |" i. K: _# b; N5 `, v * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. % }3 z4 T6 A' g2 N3 t: S7 U2 z
他拉了一阵肚子。 - z% w( }6 u" U* s* [- q
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
F' U8 v* Q$ h6 g" b0 o 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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