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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! : C; U& S; l# N# R9 A0 p
: e7 B! W+ W% O7 s$ D 一、厕所 + b7 U$ ?- Q8 L: A! t6 q
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 ; v5 L# z- \+ w" s7 q
& B" p1 n9 u/ O* c 二、解小便 2 ^; a2 [) m; e# a
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
?" Y8 i8 d. {) ~) E! P, y8 o- a Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 0 g/ D% q9 k; Z, P; M
. C9 j, i4 v: h% K* E3 [ 医生或许也会问:
. Z; p0 ~9 x! x! Y' G Do you have trouble urinating? ! X p0 Y6 j% ]+ E
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) - w8 g; y) K$ \( |# N7 m' A
: Z6 e- U! s+ h; A: v) ^- F 此外,还有其他的说法: " F5 u0 k4 D6 k" j
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
) h m8 |8 U: r- R1 G7 G * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. : x2 v2 @& K; |$ h! K! L
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 8 N5 ]: O: l- x
' m" Y3 z+ Y# X 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 3 @& F6 M6 \; X+ z9 U" y
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. $ ?' H/ N! c/ D. W+ d
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. $ f" D; V2 s* S
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
( F; ^0 |2 I" {, K Z 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
* a9 S2 ` R( ^% z: W * The boy needs to pee. , r& ?8 H& j& r6 K3 W. I4 e
' R9 R# X) A( w' d" P7 }0 Z 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 8 }3 r- i! w( z5 g* Y+ `# e
* Do I need a urine test?
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4 F1 x$ v w0 I7 k2 _9 f! e 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: $ R, F O+ ?* A; L; g+ g$ F0 F: W8 T1 h
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
3 E' R% Y: ?5 n3 F$ c * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
+ g% Y) f9 h. T( L) D5 ]2 k* U * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) ; I9 N$ x o( f4 X G
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) # I# N0 A) n8 \/ g) H1 D8 |
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
& Q4 Z9 `* @0 D6 N7 p$ E * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) ( h7 z n f$ ~- U' p1 ]
3 l9 a' \9 ~5 E1 F( M6 C 三、解大便
- Z8 g5 X2 Q* H" c) G2 Y1 }& y, v 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: # d2 a. y+ Z8 F( \. C
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) & U) U- J0 B% L
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 6 X$ G$ j' \8 I. p1 P- f! e
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
3 n/ N* b. [+ p" `% Y4 t0 R * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
- y* B9 z! k8 h7 Y$ B5 P" z& g) }: P * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) # T" K1 V2 ~3 K/ C4 c3 P1 P
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四、放屁
: [8 K; k) ]7 c" a w3 V. }; h: u 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: " r) r4 T+ w" [) A5 { ?% J
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
2 n/ e: A; H& y& ]% T- F" b- j 你放屁的次数很多吗? % i5 T8 G3 V& _4 @
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 8 W4 L: _; \$ t- }# t
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
: x; m; p" v) Q * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
3 Z5 r# K7 Z4 U+ F, k+ F8 t. |, M 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
. S& G, Y+ u' |5 ? * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
" n8 p# [) _8 ?1 _ T3 h" X 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
) Z! T& }& P4 h3 ~7 h& ]4 X * Be careful not to fart in the public.
: s1 Y& `4 |) Z( F; p. i" b& f5 e 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
( c: H' N$ A4 ]0 U$ g. k7 V2 s * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 7 m; y9 u5 ^1 {- V) z6 O8 e
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
! P4 w2 s7 |4 b- U 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) $ C* i& x3 Y$ J
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. " _; C6 D& p w5 J
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
! [1 F& I3 T$ ]* c& k/ n# S * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) & C7 a* O; {. l
他经常便秘。) 或
9 C1 X7 p4 S# x5 R, \ * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
! K- D( j+ Q' L0 |. J- C2 B$ W# y * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
* Z+ [5 z3 X) K4 ?$ U' }& d7 U * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
! d, S3 p) S/ L 他拉了一阵肚子。
6 V4 C" |9 |/ L9 S * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ' p3 [5 l* f/ k( J* H0 O
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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