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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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0 R7 U3 s! ~+ h! J4 u 一、厕所 , R( H/ N1 D3 g' V5 R
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
- M% r& N o# G9 W/ U O# N0 u 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 7 B$ L7 R0 Y4 a$ T6 G. D/ ]9 `
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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; f& A- b& _% F' n; d5 I) ] 医生或许也会问: : f$ E: X# w4 D/ `* \) [) M
Do you have trouble urinating? ) [& B. `' C. M/ T& L
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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% L+ S1 q7 @" S/ ?; I( D! n 此外,还有其他的说法:
) z5 M- g; ]2 G: H& S" U to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
) \& F/ X5 j! F7 z+ \" ~# e$ i * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. $ l+ _) _5 j5 W5 E: W$ p" m
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) - Z) U8 {% ?# {- n3 y
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: ' j0 b$ P: O: t. K4 ~7 M$ c1 F
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. - q# `* P9 g/ i6 F0 o. b0 B5 T
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 , z9 |6 P8 [# G- q8 v7 E
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 8 D4 H- S# Q! ?0 `* x( c3 S
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ( |" W5 S. g4 t7 d% ~, Y
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 1 D& x8 G6 b! Y" V( O3 b+ L* U% v4 q
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
+ c! u* s, P# X0 s * The boy needs to pee.
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- w0 v$ S" r5 P- V- C 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
- E$ t X% D. j8 z, [ * Do I need a urine test?
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& C( W& d9 ]( I8 F \1 ] 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 9 o2 f, A8 x+ M2 V+ M( ~0 J
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
7 q0 s5 r/ R$ y# `1 b0 [ w * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) : p4 {7 M e3 ~ c4 s+ X8 h
) l, i( J7 D' ` 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
* y+ N5 d/ d! ?7 l2 n$ \7 x' M * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
- {5 v! I0 r) H; z * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
$ Y, ?' j) W$ p! Q' e3 F * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
! Z4 l/ l' D9 a) b0 J/ Q, ^ * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
( I; W, B4 A! E 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
, l& _, r/ U# t# ?% z2 P% Z& \. [& f to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 8 u# X* B% H& R0 q3 V7 E& F5 {
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 4 F, B- {5 E4 J6 h! M# c f
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ) Z5 H6 {6 u1 @- t. h p; b# D- E
& r9 m4 q/ M' w 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 0 y7 k. Z+ \6 y
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 6 N) c! V5 M B, l7 l# [
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
0 j6 g0 m6 F& @5 [. A L * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
8 u6 M8 D8 S; T* u# w9 S. c; ~ 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 2 R, m; x9 C1 [/ _4 I
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
% V* X. M& m+ V! M d/ v: D 你放屁的次数很多吗? # u+ U. W1 d8 i# e0 Z7 P1 J
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
( G7 b# T& H, B' R/ l9 \ 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
. ^" o9 { ?; S * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
5 G0 _- K" t3 w 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 * C& V; h, U- T* v2 |: k
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
. C, d A0 m- K' d' R 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
" J; ^# T) ` E: ~: c * Be careful not to fart in the public. , K% l6 _' P* G, ?( o, a
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 & H" ~" L' Z- y) l& _$ N
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: # G; g8 c3 b! E$ n1 `
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
. D' \- f! c- {' f = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. ; ]- I+ f# M/ }1 X r3 N; L9 n" i
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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8 K; t3 i, G# X5 Y) M * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
5 ` i/ D h' X 胃不舒服有两星期了。) * k) c/ c0 w! \5 t! v7 L6 l
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) , w) C8 Q+ c( n+ _" {
他经常便秘。) 或
) K' R7 z8 k9 B& H1 }$ a * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 # u+ Y. T8 u: Z8 C6 g# O
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 2 x+ P3 U: ]! \9 Y1 {+ t! [
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ( g5 Z$ p% W4 E$ G, ?, A( z
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 5 T4 ~% \# m: B8 I. l0 G; @
他拉了一阵肚子。 ) N' H s. X) M% ?5 ?& K
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
( \* p, j2 s( f$ _$ S 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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