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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! ( d* V6 R H" \% J |% j
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一、厕所 6 @ i: u" g, l5 ?
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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+ W+ N3 r. ?2 h3 d8 U$ X) f 二、解小便
4 n) C- ?( ^5 l8 {3 G 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
. H8 d8 l S7 F: ? Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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: R* D X+ F. d7 S 医生或许也会问:
0 R1 G) v' L8 Z' H& g3 p; v Do you have trouble urinating?
+ A" B8 T) o: \- v' ?* _ =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 7 ~6 ]# D8 Z. u. p' e
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此外,还有其他的说法:
; f3 Z% X3 e2 s3 G to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
- c2 L# i: t7 S" [9 T' B * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
; s& n( c/ }) E3 r4 P Q * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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9 c. ^7 b. f9 L0 P 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: # [6 }, d3 b' \5 ^6 v- B
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
$ Y+ W1 i, p2 o/ A* z 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 - _" E+ \- k; |+ E/ H$ j5 ~2 g
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
) ^# m7 ^) i. z/ U7 \ 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 / t- Z# W5 A! V* ]
7 ^" K9 c2 z! m4 A * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
v' t" A! e5 _0 X2 w 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
/ Q! o( W- q/ R J6 v/ u( C * The boy needs to pee. " S9 q) j7 I$ E% E2 }% C
+ a' e* z: J5 \) ~7 B 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
- M+ Y- O# o3 a; `2 k * Do I need a urine test? % l- \$ s7 n/ }! k. t
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
2 I5 |, g& N |# D' D) a: G/ E/ L * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
\# Y; E+ ?6 `! w * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 6 i% u2 m y" R! w
" o0 f1 I7 F, i1 t7 r/ G/ F 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
6 l1 X1 b2 |# |, n7 e * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
: Z% I! m6 T5 ? * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ( q4 p+ C2 t4 O& ?( `
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) & ?+ c( x, U+ V% y; p9 u0 w2 O
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) " l, Q; D6 h, q: j9 o8 d' L! T
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三、解大便
! C" N/ ~$ S" V% j0 d- B 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ( T1 d1 Y7 \8 ^0 M- X# W' S" C! x
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) # s5 x8 {- T0 m0 t' D' S* |
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: " f) z! A* g& b8 T
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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" m& _; a+ F7 J3 u 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
0 J, q1 m/ b4 {' E2 c1 x * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) $ I+ j6 ~( d6 ?9 n& R' ], Z! b5 R9 @
+ n8 Z' J2 h8 D 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
. d' T' R5 C" _. m7 y9 n * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 1 u7 T I( e4 t2 b1 v1 l; C% Z
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 0 G7 B1 X8 G' g. |' _" ~8 o7 A
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? " q% I1 Q% y2 A& R
你放屁的次数很多吗? 2 x, u9 c. q+ N2 r) D+ H. V
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
* w- n# D" E$ P0 x: F. C/ c; r1 D 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
9 `5 K3 s. |! _ * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
6 t5 d( z1 B W0 }# m; R 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 5 n/ |/ _. ^4 c0 q
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
* H5 t3 A; s$ V+ u. {% q1 Z 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
% ]8 o% {5 q8 b0 a * Be careful not to fart in the public.
+ O* I0 u" z1 Z2 W0 V 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 # Z5 t ]% d4 {5 T3 t' m' U, w
5 {2 p! X" h. c) E 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: , K3 F6 B, \" c$ z, M/ K
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) ; s3 v2 I( C4 m3 N
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 9 B [$ J' B' \
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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7 H. p; ?- E R! Y5 |- _ * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
2 l) i: x% q5 |/ R! ]% U: ^4 C! X 胃不舒服有两星期了。) " R6 y8 H" {. D* e( Y' D- l
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
, y9 X) [. X8 p( j) d 他经常便秘。) 或 0 B; h# Y5 j! {2 ]
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 9 j. U) ?& O. z
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 " D/ Q( o& w* I0 K
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. d6 X7 B9 S9 j+ Y3 }
7 ]. `+ Q0 J. c- p * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 5 F% \5 N k0 |5 O6 E5 S9 E' D- A
他拉了一阵肚子。 9 S' G0 j9 `* [
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ! F: p. z5 C& Z# }: j
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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