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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 ( P$ \& `. w A' s7 [0 p) ] W1 _
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 4 q- f6 s# ?( ^7 F3 ?( a
% ]9 |5 _' M2 M! a2 `$ T: J 二、解小便 2 v5 j% ^/ v+ V7 g
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: % z8 }- d0 c8 [
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
) v1 V2 X7 y# S0 C& ]& C0 R; U Do you have trouble urinating?
$ {2 y. \8 k2 n5 P& d# S- w =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) D* K! n+ V6 Q& u! b" z3 K
- U- [( ? q. o& g* ` }( S 此外,还有其他的说法: b/ O j+ N6 M$ T/ w+ `' \
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
$ X J& A5 v4 R * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. - G3 J5 ?0 T2 x h
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) # n5 z( W: W4 u, G6 |
: T/ ^+ @$ R! x7 P9 X K 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: " J/ J2 L# k+ \0 @6 }6 v2 ?7 n
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. & m, D) F' H9 I% ]& z' R: z- j. Y
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 ' G A1 Z8 U! H5 v# { u5 w' g: y
8 e p* ~3 X, A! f- d * He went to the john a few minutes ago. $ S1 x! w7 {5 [6 X9 g, F2 K
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
; n# Y' P" ]- E# x6 x: j" k 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ! w* V- }) D( S X* P4 {
$ U9 r0 Z9 m7 K3 o 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 2 r- J1 l, U b; M7 x
* The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: % Z3 ~( q$ C$ ^! @
* Do I need a urine test? 1 H' @# {: k( p0 ?, H
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ( A% B# x. `7 k! q9 O: E( b' ^0 c
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 2 y5 n4 [/ T5 b: l* R: W$ B5 Z% c
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: & T* r2 h. G6 x" o1 A% I" U
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) ) D Q. W! r f6 b# O2 L% H
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
5 r/ G! u- z0 x0 @) K * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 7 W7 ^! n! T( | Q1 Q: N& U
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) * R+ M, I( g5 C2 V* z0 z& } E$ @
6 |; l" Q$ @$ H, S6 D1 E' N! y 三、解大便
( Y3 A0 ]7 W: t' b! T6 ^7 ^5 _ 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
4 N: l ]4 g- e9 Z0 F to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) # U, n. K/ L& [2 K' u' I
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
1 ^9 P& H+ V& C * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 1 r: W2 }- Q) Q) \- K* Y
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: % R; k& f* x6 S9 f7 i
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 3 _ @4 [ q) n F! I
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四、放屁
4 T7 N+ m! s6 [. T4 X8 p 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
- E% X9 D/ i/ s8 Z How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 9 `2 u( D6 p, d! y
你放屁的次数很多吗? ) I* v, a1 Z% S* H4 h( u u
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
* W; c- y5 K* K/ y9 D 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
, D. Z1 B, o. a0 k5 {* b$ I * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. / _1 p) ]0 R' t; e" i7 r
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 8 t$ Y, q: P1 J* r" m% ^! ~
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
$ x9 m& y1 Z$ R 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 3 r! D- k7 X: h ]
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 4 x3 h4 x1 G7 y( m. M& n
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 7 v2 P6 B* S9 P3 t: d* g1 B4 o
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
& s0 O3 c# x- k1 \' ]7 h * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) / y- f. v ^+ @, y7 Z0 F2 I: _1 v/ Y
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
- _" U' Z) N8 ?9 b) I' P9 _ 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
) X% ^/ |% G- p; J1 t) s 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
6 X+ G* ~/ g# d5 _! o' R * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) : Z# ?! }. o, Q$ v, B0 o7 y
他经常便秘。) 或 - e5 W' D9 r5 x; O/ @
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
* [% {: q- N& O' D: V. k * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
* f& y6 @6 G# b% ^ * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ! P N! E3 R' q0 j/ m
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 7 i$ k0 ?0 }/ b7 `# j* n
他拉了一阵肚子。 3 E) U$ F0 K' u3 a4 ~
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 9 k7 _3 V# g* R( a
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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