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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! * c y9 A& o: m& ?
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一、厕所 7 }( M# X* Q, `0 n* m% g j$ o1 h
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 1 P' }; `/ J( A3 N( P4 F
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二、解小便
6 _6 o& z) I, x, O- ^- n 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: , S* h: _' K7 m' ]; t3 m
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? $ M0 b- R& B6 R: j) F s
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医生或许也会问: ( d4 ~2 _; [& d, @" l \% H
Do you have trouble urinating?
" t1 h, n H+ W& b% L6 d =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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# b; y- s4 T2 S1 w 此外,还有其他的说法:
1 @0 L8 D6 z; P! L to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: * \ C! Z. P: o) x! U3 y& v
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
; ^1 N4 }- x( ]9 I) D Y. z * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: % J$ x6 A: b9 V, r/ _9 W- C
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. - l2 M1 T+ @- G$ J
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 " x8 R2 v& j: D j* A
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
+ `; ]8 V; f' W% f 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 * H* \2 J# x! h' t& a, [
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. + @4 y1 a5 d6 O: t# ~
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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! z# |, S! O& l/ k) s' m 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
2 [2 _8 i. \ `& E6 B * The boy needs to pee.
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' v& Q, ] o* e- x5 Y$ O1 P 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: / t) T) r7 n+ p% C- h: X
* Do I need a urine test? 2 M$ ^6 [" d4 i2 \ D* G
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: " C$ q* e/ _% S6 c) j
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. - z. A! c) ~- f& b8 ^# y
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 3 s. A4 g; D3 H/ J0 v* }& K: [
6 L) |+ s' Y0 d( ~7 m6 H% [ 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 0 o5 |) d, ?% p- j' V+ p5 O8 h
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) & p6 ]9 ~; J' U3 \- V
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
* d& I9 R9 ^' C- c% `: n * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
2 B4 u8 e8 k2 s: y' z * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) ! B) b5 \( @9 c: I& c7 `& ^
6 z' O4 T% p* M1 a$ ]' t 三、解大便 a/ N; H0 S) q5 c/ i% ~: L( a9 w
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
: x4 j( }: U( ^. X/ p3 @" M9 b8 y7 X to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) + g2 u$ O, ^0 k: o% {5 T
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: / f! Y5 Q# v4 f* T/ R
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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9 N8 r- m' f* d* s, _9 D 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: / K( _/ B, z$ ?" v7 n1 ^
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) - y( s) [7 W$ Z7 s
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
8 i; S9 j) |4 _4 }: |* f# d& B6 a7 {4 i7 j * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) ) ^# Z* e0 T4 w
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四、放屁 4 ], B9 f! s, }( K( E5 l2 n9 j' B
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
- `( z. c3 D2 d/ @( s How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 7 L/ e) O! [, ?8 P. r4 _
你放屁的次数很多吗? 4 Z3 m# Z" D" u/ {/ |6 |
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
& x$ F+ z+ |6 N) y 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
) f5 W# S/ ?5 n0 H; j * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. # u* k' v* E: S" n( c" Y3 s3 L
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 9 o9 Z5 r" K5 p* z9 D9 l
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
6 ^/ ]/ K1 l( F7 ~3 S1 D% J$ ^$ N 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
* N- P( a! G$ G8 v * Be careful not to fart in the public. # x" ^* L" w p2 {5 }. W
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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G: k; T/ \/ K) h" i) u) P6 p' u# ? 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
! n0 @9 u& t" C+ ~ * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
7 L0 }# H6 [4 x9 n/ o8 V = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
% F5 o* u+ e, O# `+ ]& X7 Y 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) # ^5 P$ P& \7 O r
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
+ B% q0 j$ b8 F' @. z 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 8 W( [7 Q+ t8 i1 L
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
- E- w! }1 Y( o- @1 P 他经常便秘。) 或
0 x, ~4 n( ^) v6 m/ v" | * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 1 i8 O( i* [2 d# D6 V2 ^/ d4 H
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ! _$ }3 ]% c8 ?! \7 W
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. * b! E- W5 r, K- H
! |/ T- a: ]3 K% T$ n2 R * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
4 g" i7 X; E; ?: a G5 O& R$ ? 他拉了一阵肚子。 , H4 [* }- M# }6 O8 `5 M
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) " q2 m, T+ s8 M) ?" k2 f1 J0 [
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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