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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! / m% ?1 I0 l* G3 g
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一、厕所
! _+ N; X( V' r. n( y4 D# _ 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
$ R8 h* T0 G |) U# F- x 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
8 M* [/ u" N0 @: y Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: , x2 K( d. n5 m8 m |4 Q# c( z
Do you have trouble urinating? ) |- z; v& i0 E2 E( B
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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' ]" [$ K; u4 O 此外,还有其他的说法: , f0 f, i$ M7 j1 [
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
* Q/ @; y6 W) b" c6 K- a3 W/ j * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. % @8 l* p6 |: N
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) * h# F ]$ e4 K
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
; l; t h6 v9 D3 U3 J# f( u * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 9 ?: W1 c- ^9 _) X8 z
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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2 b" b, m! K0 }! C2 \ * He went to the john a few minutes ago. * l) d9 S G- U& t
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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8 Y4 G- o J' `' X+ p * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. : b+ N2 W. B. J$ b
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 . l" F* c1 i4 S2 P; U% }% I
: |# I& S# ?" T e 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
) |% S9 @6 Y+ M7 `6 V& m. v * The boy needs to pee. ' [, a4 E% C9 [) ^
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: J0 j" L/ i* T# y0 a
* Do I need a urine test? $ d7 U7 X0 [4 e0 D J, Z
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: : S$ I; U a4 a' i6 ?( ]. {
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
0 T* j0 }! a: d7 Z * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) + F4 q( A/ B: Q- b R: [5 b9 T
5 |3 T+ E$ X& Q' q* T 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
! U/ ?+ N# }3 x$ Y% P * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
: u- ~9 X1 }. n3 u * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
' r: m- _( O. [ * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
" K4 _! A$ ~# N7 j, h * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) & t- ~' a* `( R- N& P
0 U9 b+ P* t% P7 c6 q1 M& R 三、解大便 # W) a$ T( w+ a$ Y
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
& P: V# A J, A* Z% T; L6 R$ y, m to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 2 X6 @/ n3 ^7 x' \
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: $ g; ~* R3 i' d5 ^
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) # [& B: T& p, ^/ \
- y9 m+ l) | q+ I4 I 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
- S- i% c; m: m1 W. U * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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$ a2 _' b! N3 { 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: & p3 C$ S: b$ @/ |
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
8 T% u+ p2 ?1 F 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
3 V- E0 O4 U1 q: d# z) i How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 2 M) a. V" L |0 h6 W0 }9 @, @
你放屁的次数很多吗?
0 r& e) L' {' L! W% f * Is the gas expelled by belching?
/ ~7 i% [4 l, V% Y. D! o8 T 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
# o' V" g( n9 C( N * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
3 H0 Q- K1 f b/ Y4 x# ` 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
7 `+ @9 T' a, h8 v L * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
& N+ \. b/ d7 X* ~: S 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 $ ]; S7 ^; b: x _- ?& {
* Be careful not to fart in the public. / a$ i) G' J7 S
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
+ T: O& Q) C, Q8 F! p6 H * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
f% Y0 d+ t+ R) i! x = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
4 ?: k! ]7 G: M2 Z- ] 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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% w# V3 z6 R, e* X0 |- y * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
) b. O7 s/ c7 \. T% W* Z; n( x4 U; S9 U4 } 胃不舒服有两星期了。) ! B/ _3 O5 A6 I7 N1 S' D
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) * Q! J$ x% T3 f! A' s& v
他经常便秘。) 或
) V+ H X) p2 T * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
, G# g7 h; M3 e2 g% [: W * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 5 D, Z6 e# i1 L* b; _ g( D2 M
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 3 @8 f; Y$ m* W
z% k5 I" F9 P. O. U7 f * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. & t8 D: }7 ]* l0 e
他拉了一阵肚子。
8 _2 n- z# @2 B+ Q; Y2 { * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
! s/ \$ h6 O0 f) |# i 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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