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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑
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The Flap
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A flap occurs in three situations.  N/ E7 C# `/ l
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  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
! G3 ^7 _/ s8 u9 Z6 ~      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.3 ^6 n8 B& N1 l( k; U  [; s+ V& q
                                    5 M& k8 V- q# Q
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
2 \$ d; n  _) V; V! R                                     " B7 x2 p4 ~/ @# {$ |, x/ R) Z
                 , e# N* t5 [$ Y
  water becomes wader
/ a( T& c/ S" j) @. f7 N! ~  Do you need some water?
. d" f, t' z2 V2 J                 
0 G4 }" Y7 A/ T& X2 g+ c$ Z6 h  letter becomes ledder
, F8 j" H0 k# e: o  The letter was in the mailbox.
  V3 u4 V* F6 ?1 O1 G* K6 Q                  & f9 k% ^) O+ `# \0 ^7 P, k2 k
  bottle becomes boddle
0 ^# C# _0 N3 v: d+ l  The bottle broke when it hit the floor. " p  M7 R5 A& R8 q' S
                 - J( j8 l$ q; S7 d4 C; [
  butter becomes budder
' i) f. N$ l& q: W+ ?" ]  The butter melted in the sun.
' W6 J; f' M- T& f                                     6 H5 p% o8 h" d, _! W# o
  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is
% O0 A, d/ ]' I$ l6 o/ S$ ^      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth# u" k; P6 k$ O1 _5 i7 i
      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce# Y& h  f( ~; p. K% p7 W1 k) F
      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very
7 X$ [  n: p1 a* u1 \8 i6 ?8 J      quickly.   
0 L- \/ a( M8 v! e7 B) {2 N                                     
% J2 Z7 e/ O5 V/ X' R$ G         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
& f& G" B. |, i* A* H1 V3 }                                     + O0 _, _0 ]% h) \7 W% W$ S
                   medical        She is a medical student.
/ ?( l. ~* [9 r4 d: a1 L                    sediment             7 r8 u& n3 |' \1 T* u
The sediment on the river bottom is course sand.* o3 B2 ~; ~! {) v$ }" f8 f
4 S4 ]: e# ?* w9 C
                   cadence            : u( ~% `# ]. n  O2 W3 ~
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.  E& e% G% Y; B& l9 j
/ d" r$ D, @; l
                   cider         This apple cider is great.+ D( [$ F, I- m8 @
                   spider        A spider has eight legs.
+ `% i+ K( Q) V                                     
: i  e5 |; Y. c  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the
$ H0 n7 Y+ @% a/ H5 {/ [* s& }       next. (see section on linking)/ `; ~( W: x5 q0 d5 ?
                  * I, r4 y* i. [/ F/ V/ ?" t
        Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
  b$ F' S' B$ Y2 T% R1 U, v                   
; o1 g& L' e! Y- `( i" r            'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way; n1 o6 t7 K. X* Y* F
          I'll get your bags right away sir.
  u! A  H2 Y7 {8 X* b
+ h5 [  `. m. a / O4 T$ y, a& D8 N  l
                  
  d( L; N3 ?' W2 V+ b6 p4 s            'what if' becomes whad dif
! E/ ]! h" c1 J2 S+ o          What if we go to Paris for vacation?+ [; ^$ |5 |) J% j$ m8 p4 u; e
1 O% n* a7 u! l

& ]+ X6 w; e$ _+ W0 D( D                   3 ]) G. d1 {1 H/ o7 ?' o0 V
            'might I' becomes migh(d) di         
5 e7 Q# d1 z$ t4 k           Might I suggest a new tie?
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                  ! H" k: t5 d7 a# q0 B* \2 w
       
( M, X, F2 R5 S. INote: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to
+ ]# [  G; v9 e5 q  e          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop
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6 }6 ]0 Y& f/ {) U: ~1 W0 f* VWhen a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.
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; D3 Z) s/ B" c  d& d/ r. `# ^6 u                            + P8 x- {# u. U/ L, R+ K* F
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
$ L3 [" J( ?1 }                            . ]" w; T1 @2 `+ I9 F, u
       
, I; q( w4 c+ \    'eaten' becomes ea'n  
- y$ K& h4 r0 S9 h- U) B1 _. ~   Have you eaten yet?
8 F# f, p! |3 [; S3 j* U) I         / T8 u/ U" ~" D7 U* }+ K
    'satin' becomes sa'n  
+ o, N4 @# u7 W# \: d2 H, x   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.5 D$ u) j2 R0 t
        $ d; `. E  z3 @0 B5 a# N! ^) Y4 @
    'sentence' becomes se'ence 2 Q% Y) T) P- R; m  W3 n
   This sentence makes no sense.! ]& I# o  H) f  F
       
. g; }7 w' k  r/ d. W    'mountian' becomes moun'n   
! A3 U" R% Y# D   I'm not much of a mountain climber.
1 M5 J5 Q; P" i. ?1 e        
3 s. |0 c$ j. D# k+ s    'getting' become ge'n        4 g1 t; d2 x  @2 ^+ M
   I'm getting to old for this.
- g. S0 @0 b, j         ( J9 G! e% O4 a3 M4 u1 A; }. X
    'button' becomes but'n    - S. j& x- x. ?2 O
   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't
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, P: F8 V6 h& d) j: aIn an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.
# a3 w( l+ g# m$ g                                              
( t$ ?8 E! s, d/ B   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
5 U/ t# w! G" x- p+ N) r   Then the word is used in a sentence.; p% w% h" t+ p$ d4 |
                                             
+ L7 \7 q7 \' ?: Q2 i; j  N: w/ d         . C( N3 k/ a8 R, K% E
   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  - t+ e3 h( {) R5 e- O
   We can swim in the lake.. d: R7 t7 w* I. E( E" L

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        % G; f& q2 x8 b( F  c6 v  I
   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.
  i, p4 E2 O+ r   I can cook pizza.
. K! P) a/ q" p1 v) ^1 s
% r  |' a5 x+ W: d $ ?4 t& h8 g3 i9 {8 Y  p6 O
        9 Q+ A, T. T; t) G
   'She can read' becomes she kn read  3 q+ |0 X, \( @! r
   She can read Italian and Russian.1 H$ p* y1 p3 i+ p
# s- i3 H: v/ W/ Z
2 H$ V6 u3 h5 T, s9 Z8 k( d2 V
       
7 M/ h* S1 H3 s8 w6 O2 ?4 \   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.
$ E3 p: @! x/ n' J   They can ride on the roller coaster.! K8 M9 S5 ?2 T. G8 {5 ?
! f9 D# J4 @4 b+ |
                                             " \- @- E6 N# G3 Y1 A
In the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.
9 Y/ L7 u( W' e& w" ^/ g                                              4 |1 ^' A1 T5 V' N3 T, U& ~
   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main
8 h7 m7 S+ D& ~3 Y0 [   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
6 ?8 }! g* q! v1 S" z; L                                              ! p/ O, a) `- `8 i: h
       
0 r  ~8 z! v- k5 o$ U) l  'We can't go' becomes
" K/ Z$ h" i2 v# c- e, F9 j7 O   We KAN' GO.  - \4 \5 h# N' S1 X% G0 l

1 P; Y% R% |$ u' ?6 p* \0 pWe can go to the movies.
! Z) r+ B0 W( M0 F  {$ ^6 ]: e" {6 AWe can't go to the movies.
' J- v1 k( S: K
/ _; K  D7 D6 ]. H  e- M' t( ^        
# Y6 k: M3 I# ]9 R; d# s  'Larry can't speak' becomes' v* `! V- P, o. m
   Larry KAN' SPEAK.0 A; f6 ^5 |) [8 y' o: b, H
! f* o5 G" O: S( D
Larry can speak French.
" P% U  L* |& G& _: I+ z4 E* eLarry can't speak French.
: a0 U8 u/ \# ?% M8 _ ' I3 Y9 ]2 t  t2 t( ?
       
. B5 c1 Z% }4 h# ]9 S8 C& u: M. X  'She can't do it' becomes8 j. L8 N/ J$ _
   She KAN' DO it   
, ?5 P# ?+ s* z, b. }. u& a2 ^# U3 u# z  g7 o
She can do it.
# _, @: ^+ }+ J8 E7 ~! U3 s" S7 Q6 ZShe can't do it.
  [, o6 k* B8 H& g% K   _3 m" q! _4 M( O. E1 M* b* g
        ) @/ Z; F, [* B, V; A+ j, Y
  'Some people can't sing' becomes; A4 y* v* H; G" |) E+ |6 ]3 @
   Some people KAN' SING- D. L& V8 X) u/ [' \" E; ]
Some people can sing.. z. R2 r& g/ w) \* W6 E2 Z/ F
Some people can't sing.) |0 d+ d5 v4 c$ J* W1 s
# J; L3 {3 U/ g( v
                                               [% `9 y  y9 ^9 q  N- b) }
If the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)3 g( E) H; I+ W7 i# x9 j
                                             
5 C, ]! b' k6 A; g! K% m/ B- K   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
/ ]  @5 G; P4 r3 A, @' ?$ g7 Y   Then the word is used in a sentence.. J, V1 S2 Z  T
                                             ( {* R) @: \) \* ^
       
+ @1 }0 \( Q3 I) S. d2 A5 r+ ~   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)  S2 @3 A) N* w; ?
   We can't attend the concert.
* V& v# S  }1 @( p. f        
' [$ A: s5 _4 \; Y   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)- O- X1 i& I- W
   Wally can't invite her to the party.3 K0 y3 ?: [* j
        * c4 @" a, |! L" ]( S+ n9 v
   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)
) i( Q5 L" F% M! z% a* b. x   He can't answer the question.
0 e0 F! O$ S$ R# O
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   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )
6 z3 K9 f/ I5 z" `   I can't understand what you are saying.
大型搬家
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions$ \# \0 f( |$ k+ r$ p' E& O

& F' G* D: ^, x- @1 `2 E! o( mMany times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)$ ], f% C- ^. n! I9 m
# ]. c$ s) a" M+ Z) J4 I& Q8 w
                  . \) g, g9 \+ z
     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound
& q4 j- @) x% z     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.' g5 C) @# \; x
                          * w7 K/ w; W9 b) m
       
: Z: N: U, O/ T! p4 Y! H    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      # a. T0 _" ]: X: o
   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?" A5 Q( Z1 q, C/ L
       
* [7 b( G5 j. d1 ?$ F     m2 t! ~8 m3 e& X6 E; X9 L# r% ]  `

' }' a/ p5 R0 L- e- T4 G         $ P/ t# o& R4 B' d$ c
    'couldn't' becomes couldn' ; I% h/ P# F* N$ C/ `
    I couldn't do it because I was sick.- [+ W8 o) N) `6 d% V3 [) K
       
# t' S5 n! C7 f  \4 @, u1 l   
6 ~6 y3 U1 H+ s1 K  G + b2 ^1 r1 ?+ P: X" U3 V3 g/ W
       
! B* m) I' F1 \- f8 g    'shouldn't' becomes should'n         
- Z8 }4 B* H) c9 G0 a( v8 j   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.( Q6 C  B4 |5 B' Z- N
        / L2 n9 i3 l0 C( w* d- i$ {
   
' W$ x$ M" u4 E, l5 Z% {' |
; v& Y+ Y5 w' z( M         : |6 l7 H% b* {
    'doesn't' becomes doesn'
6 b) v7 x0 M- S" @1 I: F: j   Larry doesn't study hard enough.
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