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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑
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  d- F- A+ L# n& OThe Flap
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A flap occurs in three situations.
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  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
9 E2 W0 L3 o# n3 _: Y      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.4 a' f' q8 r/ `0 b- M4 Z: N, k
                                    
' i- v- O0 y1 _% ]0 v  G& ]# x         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.( Z' q/ c9 s" O
                                    + D: }1 W  H, `& C4 v& m2 z7 S
                
# g% G5 f/ a! L, N8 w* y5 V6 l3 \  water becomes wader
. H1 ?! F, O' N, v. f  \  Do you need some water?
2 ?3 H9 Z; a/ Z* h! T                 
8 E; {0 p5 S; K( }6 V! N  letter becomes ledder. I" g3 j  |, E/ T
  The letter was in the mailbox. & g* C. y' Q4 e1 q/ f2 E6 k
                 ! |9 ^& f# {: v3 r5 \
  bottle becomes boddle
# m9 H" p$ ?% f, E" {+ y  The bottle broke when it hit the floor.
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  butter becomes budder) b- I5 u' [0 v4 D
  The butter melted in the sun.
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4 o* m: p1 P( L! l  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is7 ~& [4 _; W3 O, a0 A
      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth% y( Y. G) j3 a6 ~6 ~, \8 x5 s
      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce8 g4 B. l" P5 |8 y, L' i
      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very: l- l; E# s" I* m% }, R7 L
      quickly.    ! v- C, r9 e: o2 e& d- C
                                    " K8 z& p* j8 S+ w- H- e
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
" }5 Y) X7 u" Y1 p1 q6 \                                     
# H/ Y- T! D. P4 X& a* B7 U                    medical        She is a medical student.
5 h1 F5 N) g& g6 }0 [' G                    sediment             ( o: A' j! ^4 ~3 R: h+ F
The sediment on the river bottom is course sand.
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; C6 v: i2 t" j" d  M* s: U                    cadence            $ e+ d( }# ]8 V, r5 J
Drums keep the cadence in a marching band.
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                   cider         This apple cider is great.: A3 I5 g1 F/ Z1 o  P2 Q/ p
                   spider        A spider has eight legs.
5 d8 P4 s  T9 U' s1 l9 [0 F                                     
4 U- }) a7 q2 G' D' I7 M5 \  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the5 c$ H; ?  ~$ A3 C3 i# j) T' i
       next. (see section on linking)
2 H+ k0 x2 I/ [5 b8 [                   - k4 A) I! d" N7 E
        Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
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% `) |, {8 d6 h5 k, m            'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way6 H( v/ w, X$ u
          I'll get your bags right away sir.
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% ^4 h: p6 l  }            'what if' becomes whad dif6 x( Y# [3 X5 j7 o& ^
          What if we go to Paris for vacation?
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            'might I' becomes migh(d) di          , t% l. v7 e* S" U" |
           Might I suggest a new tie?
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Note: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to
; W) y/ U; F# t. ?. z' p. c+ _          link to.
大型搬家
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop
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When a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.
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                           , R  P. {7 W' J8 J7 ], S5 _
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
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    'eaten' becomes ea'n  7 Q% r. a7 n' Y' o7 J$ o
   Have you eaten yet?
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    'satin' becomes sa'n  
2 i4 v1 d! Q3 B' C/ x- q9 y6 B   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.0 a# }' s& W" h! x- [6 \7 [
        , Z$ z$ y" q" }9 d2 j) G* f
    'sentence' becomes se'ence ! h7 r  O* q- }# p3 v. s
   This sentence makes no sense.
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    'mountian' becomes moun'n    ! D- `: m, a% c. A9 z1 W
   I'm not much of a mountain climber.5 ]/ H3 S+ k( Y1 a3 A
       
& m, ]2 h' y: p& A" R    'getting' become ge'n        
( m5 d& k, u5 }) ]1 B* Q8 W: v   I'm getting to old for this., H/ M$ f. `. o& a: b7 E8 n% v
       
8 r# z; |/ \4 _# l, `  K( K    'button' becomes but'n   
2 e* S) Q$ F8 a9 ]( R   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't- Q- a1 Z7 r$ k7 B
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In an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed.& }# n1 j3 \) @. z% H4 V( w) j
                                             
, G7 w3 d/ \1 `, |   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.9 k0 A/ Q" b/ M+ y# }8 \
   Then the word is used in a sentence.- W) \9 Z) Y$ k' Z. D6 |
                                             . B! _  L4 q) N: O
       
0 ~' \9 c9 I6 F7 A9 a   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  
' r' \- R2 ^2 u* Z0 _, X   We can swim in the lake.
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8 h$ \& h: l3 |6 i   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook.
# e* W# [/ u' n4 d; j$ e3 U. B   I can cook pizza.
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   'She can read' becomes she kn read  
1 O; O0 F3 f1 m1 |8 C. C, h   She can read Italian and Russian.! K$ e. M9 p1 {

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1 x, |, V- _0 Y! V- H& P. m        
' e- V( b  y, ?1 \4 g+ x3 t   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.
# G8 U) [2 p4 f# U6 a3 @   They can ride on the roller coaster.$ ^4 {: t8 K, Z. H

9 h5 v" Q. F8 I- M/ o3 }                                              
8 u1 @- }+ n, W0 c( y4 T1 n; I' z! \3 {In the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.
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   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main
* Z$ [! g6 ~, m- k; A   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.' R5 V( S9 F, U; l5 ~+ @
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: c  _3 ~- P" j9 ^. v: |0 Q  'We can't go' becomes ' R4 M- j: G. ~# |7 X  t9 C% j' \( X
   We KAN' GO.  0 B8 k' q9 N  U
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We can go to the movies.
" l$ o. v3 O4 ?' q7 qWe can't go to the movies.' |2 n8 f; r, R( ~+ ?
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( N) r  e4 i- t6 s8 P  'Larry can't speak' becomes$ j, g. \2 P- T3 R) {
   Larry KAN' SPEAK.' C( I: K" R$ a% f0 W& d

+ T1 l9 d, M' E! l/ vLarry can speak French.
& W5 ?: M! \% Z8 }5 ?- jLarry can't speak French.$ F/ |1 R2 M+ n

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: ^/ B+ p4 U: s! [- _  'She can't do it' becomes: k% Z5 ]9 ]5 j0 k$ o' |1 b' T, h: W
   She KAN' DO it    " [# U3 a. m. s5 {' R& x

0 ^6 z0 l' X2 v1 |& WShe can do it.
9 R+ \& }4 u1 M5 f6 iShe can't do it.# X; x# L$ Z( }) }7 ?2 [2 z
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  'Some people can't sing' becomes
) @, ~6 _  ~# I; O) t! e   Some people KAN' SING6 x! i, o5 J. G8 u# \  g$ R
Some people can sing.( Q- o+ [7 J4 S3 L1 S) d- I; O
Some people can't sing.
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If the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)/ M- a2 [' V( `7 u
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   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
0 S4 i9 q; F0 t! \- X/ K   Then the word is used in a sentence.
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   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)0 W2 t) ~+ c% ~$ X0 u  S
   We can't attend the concert.1 l5 F6 F. B- h( a  G6 M; R
       
1 Z0 r) f  |3 A* r/ |   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)- c' }0 V# v( r1 p
   Wally can't invite her to the party.
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   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)
7 ~/ T5 @4 u. N. `+ J  N9 r   He can't answer the question.
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) R* _# G2 T0 [. c6 ]) h   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. ), K% W# L( S( I, x- Q
   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions
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Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)1 e' [& ]6 _" m
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2 U9 t* m9 m7 Z4 Y, h     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound
" c* L* h: d' Z! E3 w$ G     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
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        7 C0 [# K# J8 ^; ]4 c0 V" o
    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      
9 O6 m) w! c+ S( S" I+ q! f* S   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?
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    'couldn't' becomes couldn' - S: o+ T2 g6 o
    I couldn't do it because I was sick.3 {) Z7 B$ e4 k* a( |
       
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6 _5 T) h! r# Z: C; {    'shouldn't' becomes should'n         
! S( |5 k0 J# f5 d5 J. M   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.9 h8 S5 i: x; R6 g/ t+ G- w' a
        ; L- z! p3 r6 i
   
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    'doesn't' becomes doesn'2 V  v( g4 q2 I' M3 Y) u5 H
   Larry doesn't study hard enough.
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