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你知道辅音 t 是如何变音的吗?

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鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
发表于 2014-2-21 23:49 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2014-2-21 23:58 编辑 ' w  Q+ O5 A2 Z3 n% j! q

* n9 w8 v0 M$ K- g% o8 b. \9 x7 RThe Flap% M! U- Y5 q) W, h

' A. w! p: o9 l( o* H; l, v- BA flap occurs in three situations.2 ?! O4 N  A2 x3 \) D: V$ g5 K
/ j/ u3 X! G6 F3 E( [5 g
  1. A flap occurs when a 't' comes between two vowels. The pronunciation of the 't' in these incidences sounds
0 M" r% g8 ?8 C; y& ]      like a 'd' and is said very quickly.* b* g0 f0 u4 f# n! g
                                    
! J3 Q' w; E8 \3 V7 d/ q8 _9 c         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
5 z" {" V4 m) g' K0 _                                     3 V* F5 Z/ `, v; O8 W3 x5 u# T8 Z
                
! H; t! ^0 _& N* t  X/ ~  water becomes wader9 m& Z# O- X5 Z$ x6 n0 Z& F
  Do you need some water?
; R5 Z4 S" j5 R7 _                 
3 }) ~- }/ q0 l. s0 y  letter becomes ledder
4 g( X7 D( p( M7 L5 @2 k& Z  The letter was in the mailbox.
! y% P. q$ u! v6 q, ~" q                  ; |" ?. z# Q, d. w9 k
  bottle becomes boddle
& f) l' }% X2 P+ F* q; F3 |* \  The bottle broke when it hit the floor.
, M; a. c# W" y; o/ ]+ X$ e8 W: G                  % f3 v: [: K! `5 s
  butter becomes budder
2 V, g" x' M# O5 F- E' ~  The butter melted in the sun. ! l0 p& [$ o/ |9 I: z
                                    
1 v6 g9 F0 q) c, r  2. Flaps also occur when a 'd' comes between two vowels. The 'd' is still pronounced with a d sound, but it is5 K! M% U3 n- w
      said very quickly. In the normal pronunciation of the d sound the tip of the tongue is placed on the tooth
) E  o' B& ^2 K* n      ridge (the area where the top front teeth meet the top of the mouth) before the expiration of air to produce
  r+ \! j! W" `+ ^' {: X/ p      the sound. With a flap, the tip of the tongue barely touches the tooth ridge and the 'd' sound is made very4 |; R  N: s2 c$ s
      quickly.   
3 e. N* ~: p4 b5 N, {" i; m5 k                                     # W) ?7 o0 R: q+ \
        Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
7 X/ G; ^, d$ f" n' e- G                                     
& X0 R1 ?- B1 ^% q- j                    medical        She is a medical student.
& e0 t$ a. M. D                    sediment             + k1 E5 K! \. f; ]$ w7 h& @
The sediment on the river bottom is course sand.
6 F5 o$ k9 _$ H' B; J
' Y5 j# O7 b5 w- Z                    cadence           
; e  _" H! V5 a9 q. \' j% Q7 eDrums keep the cadence in a marching band.6 O2 B' q/ Q( b1 R2 I

7 G$ \3 q: u5 \" ]% _" |( {                    cider         This apple cider is great.
/ M+ H$ o( T6 S1 M: T1 Z! s                    spider        A spider has eight legs.
/ t: \9 Z+ q9 }6 p9 {' f                                     
$ x6 {/ X/ _1 V7 s. i7 Y  3. The third flap occurs when with linking of the consonant final letter of one word and the vowel letter of the5 D1 N1 n: f0 o# }3 \3 l
       next. (see section on linking)
) @( r# M- G0 v5 d& P                   
2 u# v, C. ]6 h/ C$ _! F0 E1 s9 a         Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.+ S! V& i: b& J3 w. k7 d5 O2 @
                  * I( a$ m  W4 S2 r! X# F
           'right away'  becomes righ(d) da  way' t! h: j6 M- d  L
          I'll get your bags right away sir.1 G7 `  N4 W$ d& V

! z: b7 i) h4 |2 r0 R4 V" K
2 n2 H" B( J7 S- d) C3 C                   
) n' K+ n6 f: `9 Z8 Q  ]            'what if' becomes whad dif5 G; D1 B- }( R# c- Z5 P5 L
          What if we go to Paris for vacation?1 ^, t+ W$ {, s8 b! F' l

* w3 K, e, N7 d/ c , W! e! O1 M4 d$ _; |9 A
                  
* }& h' C+ S8 ?             'might I' becomes migh(d) di          1 B1 J( L  f7 S% r5 k
           Might I suggest a new tie?
* w% Q, l* A" U5 D( G5 ^- ^6 K, y  H1 v) C
4 [# {3 }' O( z3 t: T! s8 X$ X" m
                  
0 T% ]& @/ j& B. `& ~: V( D: Q        
. d) p( R3 a1 f! _2 E3 U7 \5 UNote: The flap does not occur in some words (what, that) if they are spoken alone, without other words to
2 P, N' w+ h" d* n1 P          link to.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:52 | 显示全部楼层
The Glottal Stop% k( W4 ]* w  F7 J# ^4 D
) Q- y+ ]8 A7 J! b4 x
When a 't' is followed by a vowel + n syllable  (eaten), the 't' sound is replace with a glottal stop, which is a complete closing of the vocal cords for a short moment. A glottal stop sound can be heard in the pronunciation of the negative uh uh.
9 E- f( ^; k7 S7 k. F' t! V, l# t: v1 r) p; u' W$ j6 C
                           
! J% x( l, m  [7 J; B         Listen to these sound changes. The first word is with proper enunciation, the second word is with the sound changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
# {3 r3 B2 _+ B' E* I                            
6 _+ w8 a4 s, Y  r8 ~: s$ s" P         , A+ p( g, L) w) D0 o' ~
    'eaten' becomes ea'n  # O( {4 n  g$ d
   Have you eaten yet?
$ m" D- |2 M" v" G' L/ X. G1 q. q- ^$ W         / l+ K! l+ ?. s5 |4 s) V+ P
    'satin' becomes sa'n  
  D" \$ |+ K, B% p8 z8 w/ ~, f0 q   Satin sheets are nice to sleep on.$ Q2 H3 p/ v1 J$ c
       
9 z6 {- t$ f; z; R3 }) W2 z    'sentence' becomes se'ence
$ }3 B- y. J" h) }' J   This sentence makes no sense./ J' {* K  g3 `( q( ?
        - `/ l2 G+ c: F! k5 H
    'mountian' becomes moun'n   
" T6 m! k; N2 f3 Z/ [, F: Q6 I" }   I'm not much of a mountain climber.6 N0 j* n: R7 o+ {
        : Q) a2 U* h2 p' S! y
    'getting' become ge'n        
: e1 @3 [6 b- R. g$ [   I'm getting to old for this.7 z6 Z9 k! g0 H+ N5 R
       
  `& z1 d4 w& l9 v+ Y" F    'button' becomes but'n   
  ^( m4 i& x0 ~- w1 g0 _   Sam lost a button on his shirt.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:54 | 显示全部楼层
Can and Can't- W% `  z0 w- L4 t6 O6 w& u

7 S2 l6 N' W! ~( H, n 7 L1 }" n- D6 I8 h. U3 X
In an affirmative 'can', the can is pronounced as 'kn'. The modal verb 'can' in the sentence is unstressed; the main verb is stressed., k9 W# k- R+ y3 t
                                             7 j, K5 [) ?/ Z$ I
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.
3 X' G$ {# u6 w& k' V8 b   Then the word is used in a sentence.# W6 K/ R9 o! Z; n
                                             * P0 [' k& N4 [7 |! B, h; U; [( q
        1 p& }- x% l, q$ @
   'We can swim' becomes we kn swim  
* J& O$ W) j$ \8 R% s   We can swim in the lake.
$ ]; I. V0 z( I- u. t1 N' I) u0 J( ~6 C8 x4 n/ C+ l) j

( F1 R3 o# Q$ K( r! Y0 q- k        
3 l8 l" f4 g; i+ H   'I can cook' becomes I kn cook., ?# d- d6 ?; X  a9 m- P" A( i
   I can cook pizza.
0 ~) ]1 V+ W3 c2 c4 V
. n# F+ P1 a4 l! X
& i6 A6 R, J! |0 l        
4 `2 G$ s9 w# b5 I   'She can read' becomes she kn read  ! w& F& k. N# |* U, o. l1 U
   She can read Italian and Russian.
5 @7 t! S  L4 {& h$ u' n
' ?% d! m4 g5 R* N3 X8 ]& E
3 d& |3 }' q4 x; \- M' N+ k/ b        
0 T! i2 J% M- P. q' C) {   'They can ride' becomes they kn ride.
0 C5 O- Y/ u5 W$ P6 E+ ^   They can ride on the roller coaster.
9 M/ w& V' @' R' C1 \# I: @1 u2 z- U   u  K7 @. i  U/ C1 w) z4 u% h
                                             6 Y3 O7 l! u; R3 {! n; d, }6 ]
In the negative, both the modal (can't) and the main verb are stressed. However the 't' in can't is dropped and replaced with a glottal stop if the next sound is a consonant.1 ^( D" \, Q; R! {) w# v
                                             & p6 F* ^, R- u2 ]; F- A+ g2 s
   Listen to these sound changes. The first sentence is with can, the second with can't. Note that both the modal and main
5 J; ?5 n! c& B   verbs are stressed in the negative sentence.
$ @0 b, a2 q4 L( a                                              
  m2 A* C' x: x$ V        
& z* @9 q9 i# v1 n- Y5 N  'We can't go' becomes / A9 K9 [: y# [
   We KAN' GO.  " P1 ]- v0 k! ]- J0 N
8 Y) o; D7 I/ p$ u; o4 H
We can go to the movies.
, \) w/ M: U* Z! v1 fWe can't go to the movies.
$ ^" k% p9 q- f) T; s7 I( h ; x/ @7 P3 F# ?' W8 I+ u
        $ h! H# C; w  {" P: T
  'Larry can't speak' becomes
/ T' J% H5 J& y5 b( r  n   Larry KAN' SPEAK.; Z% s+ R2 @; ^* W& ?

$ }% ^3 V/ Q) l8 l" sLarry can speak French.8 {. C; V: J8 t0 H, \7 ]
Larry can't speak French.4 K$ |, [$ H0 L: }3 ], P
% t$ a( Z: O/ k& }0 w  v* e3 \  ~7 F
       
- i7 E7 B6 g! c( f1 f5 O  'She can't do it' becomes% Z1 q, L, b: M% G
   She KAN' DO it    0 ~: s0 N9 Z3 x
/ T# Q3 L  x6 c4 O' x1 W
She can do it.( u$ D$ w$ K  i/ f% R  L
She can't do it.
6 N# R3 R/ t5 W0 J ; L2 I7 r2 d4 {; O: m
       
: p4 ]: E) s( I" ~/ p" Z6 S  'Some people can't sing' becomes7 N& U% u- `; E
   Some people KAN' SING; M% ~" X" g$ W- m' i5 c" L
Some people can sing.
$ R" `8 C' ]: n6 `7 {8 @9 t- rSome people can't sing.5 r% L. x) ?$ `

) y2 A( ?3 q  W% k) S9 ]                                              
3 |9 i; P1 @% J% W( U5 L  d! P% FIf the next sound after 'can't' is a vowel, a flap occurs as in 'She can't  ignore it'. (... can't  tig-nore...)
/ D7 d6 c  h; v$ t3 ]4 D                                              $ m4 w& G; S$ T. Y& D% K
   Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound changes.9 V- Y- ?" ?0 [, i& ~: g6 w' a0 [
   Then the word is used in a sentence.( X) F0 x: m: c+ f3 S+ P" q, d; z
                                             
& f8 Y2 i5 X4 m  @. l5 E, z8 j         ( y! r# q+ \" i9 `
   'can't attend' becomes can't  attend. (... cand da-ttend)
% q. f9 j& ]5 y6 w1 ^) F  G) @6 a+ _   We can't attend the concert." w, H4 i* X4 E0 x( |6 `
        ' Z2 `; i6 _0 ^" ^
   'can't invite' becomes can't  invite  (... cand din-vite...)0 K+ V: Q% i; Y% |, n: F! _/ L
   Wally can't invite her to the party.9 i/ K) [; s/ c4 W4 N2 u
       
  ^' w  o' H% a; t- F+ I   'can't answer'  becomes can't  answer (.. .cand dan-swer)
  ~0 |- v, S1 z- F   He can't answer the question.! M3 ~- E3 V, t

0 {! k& b* E' H' T; }+ n         - ]8 y. J: y. f: Q
   'can't understand' becomes can't  understand (... cand dun-der-stand.. )7 n& e5 q% N/ H# ^4 t4 \4 d! n
   I can't understand what you are saying.
鲜花(152) 鸡蛋(1)
 楼主| 发表于 2014-2-21 23:55 | 显示全部楼层
老杨团队 追求完美
Negative Contractions! T4 }" @# X; H/ m
' B7 d" v+ r: W# n
Many times a native speaker does not pronounce the final 't' in a negative contraction (can not= can't, do not =don't, have not= haven't). The pronunciation is replaced by a glottal stop. (see above)5 p; S+ y& L% D, l$ |( O

5 k1 P+ {* k/ u' P5 ~3 E                   
3 A$ b( ~. u& g7 V+ n     Listen to these sound changes. The first phrase is with proper enunciation, the second phrase is with the sound
7 H% p% Z$ V- y& L; @     changes. Then the word is used in a sentence.
7 G2 o3 N" B% S8 J" q* c$ B0 X                           
4 E' |1 x, [( ?* m5 |( c$ E  t         ) g1 J! Q5 r* Y. j9 N
    'wouldn't'  becomes wouldn'      
# Z% N3 k7 x1 h: i- \. U3 j   Why wouldn't you go to the dance with me?: u! i6 Q" x- z6 |! U3 h/ p( i- X1 x* Q
       
! v; D9 _: R8 U) u: L   3 L' f- m: U5 {7 `+ h
. G/ r& Z, o: o
        1 X2 m* H0 s6 @* [9 O2 q
    'couldn't' becomes couldn'
$ \6 T) q, x. @, x    I couldn't do it because I was sick.( i- u; E7 |9 ?* S& j* b9 O' w' z
        5 ^& [' n4 B$ C) p: U) C
    + d/ k8 M* K4 A" X# W5 o9 E

- }5 C8 x5 E8 @( x$ {& d         " _8 ?$ I2 [9 c
    'shouldn't' becomes should'n         
0 L, `( f$ T1 P6 A/ ]4 t   He shouldn't have eaten the apple.1 f4 W4 I* u5 L* |( Y
        : R0 P9 Y6 T' w; c+ Y# m; M# j2 B
    # {3 B/ t3 u9 X1 k8 h. `" k2 N

8 y! i3 ]" @8 g+ Y* T- r5 W, ~3 j         ! l. k8 f- s8 l; d- [7 u
    'doesn't' becomes doesn'& G( O! ^* ]! ^- k. W3 k
   Larry doesn't study hard enough.
" ^3 N+ C( V0 }: S/ U
! ?: v, f- w: |6 _1 Y
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