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发表于 2014-4-2 22:36
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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 $ P. F$ ^; o% D
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: m) i. ^/ ?. h9 u/ PCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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1 X3 L! C7 F6 B( A. h K6 C! VBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
) D6 g p" P. s: [$ e) gBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
2 u0 m" F* i) A# k8 Z' ?The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
. e3 Z2 L6 h, y2 l4 c/ `Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.4 g% c" D. \5 `4 k
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.+ W) d" T3 K1 `
The country codes used are :3 Y: S8 p* l L% a& s+ @
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CODE \COUNTRY- U9 H& f0 e7 @: Q! t) F
00-13 USA & Canada
\2 k; s# _* H4 Q% {20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
" m* E$ R ~! m/ r! Q1 E. n30-37 France
8 H$ W" \. {: t: {/ |# Z5 c7 T380 Bulgaria& i2 s0 d" [( i5 N
383 Slovenia: W5 H1 O7 t. r
385 Croatia
5 D- O4 Z% r# p/ }9 ]7 o- G+ m387 Bosnia-Herzegovina8 Z* o; B6 Z9 t9 Y
400-440 Germany+ Q# y* w) Z3 [& G" ~' x# M
45 Japan7 D; p* M1 w) f
46 Russian Federation
! n$ G( ^; g1 F) b7 n471 Taiwan
. x# ]4 U$ D; p ^5 h$ j474 Estonia
8 V- J# Z5 V- _* j$ U3 v475 Latvia
- X+ S2 n6 ]3 N1 y- m) o/ k476 Azerbaijan5 i, R# ^% C E, X
477 Lithuania6 F, _7 _4 R1 u' c7 |' ?
478 Uzbekistan
; ~- p9 V0 ^! b$ ^: O$ r479 Sri Lanka
6 l( j7 t9 k7 |) t# Z480 Philippines) F a5 a3 e( T5 V, n
481 Belarus( |4 i# o! U4 W' l: b. d
482 Ukraine+ e3 m+ `6 p- H( @* A+ b4 j
484 Moldova
& Q0 @+ G; [5 m6 f+ N+ Z3 _# o485 Armenia
v1 @3 ]) H% s4 `, n# J2 I" L$ g486 Georgia2 l$ N% e* X' _- i, l5 ~
487 Kazakhstan
- V8 w; \$ O! m# v2 G489 Hong Kong
) r/ b- \ M$ u( C) u, H! ?" @49 Japan/ e6 i8 m/ f" x
50 UK: ]1 W. b* y* Y# q3 `1 W
520 Greece3 t3 l: ^ F4 T8 P7 o
528 Lebanon
4 L6 B) k. W! T. o- a0 v6 H: U7 T& h529 Cyprus3 |* j/ U& ?/ o4 B
531 Macedonia
& O w% r: }7 F' B535 Malta: o! a" s0 |. s9 G! B. s- S! L4 O
539 Ireland
0 o" ]' |% c! n+ g- R8 {54 Belgium & Luxembourg l1 t! c1 o8 p* `; z
560 Portugal9 z. E: A+ A1 w1 R7 m
569 Iceland/ ?' h9 b0 _+ X! l* b
57 Denmark
3 I5 c7 F2 i4 W8 A) J590 Poland0 @+ o( p( ^2 Z+ E6 s
594 Romania/ M4 F& D5 p/ W' E" j# C
599 Hungary0 ] G- E- @1 k0 G( Z
600-601 South Africa; V" M& _; _3 @4 D+ w7 n
609 Mauritius
, [, r! B# `# ]+ e611 Morocco
8 j' p& Z& [5 i, O8 l( o# R613 Algeria% o6 @' [. {# ?
619 Tunisia) }! z1 ?7 i" J0 t4 N2 q
621 Syria
1 P# ^ y% A* \622 Egypt
4 E3 u9 [8 W/ y: B) w4 p624 Libya
4 A, X; z6 `; Z7 g4 P% @625 Jordan/ U/ U2 n4 B, ^* N
626 Iran
6 ?- s+ L) H1 b) g* f627 Kuwait4 a4 A# v8 F! V; D1 e1 j
628 Saudi Arabia
3 k2 C0 J( t7 Y% B+ ]) v629 United Arab Emirates4 O+ x: `4 C" N3 W; P
64 Finland
' @* e! |5 Q; o2 l690-692 China
! p" ?& {* A r' V) r; O70 Norway
/ U% a5 Q$ e% R9 c' m9 R729 Israel
% Q5 ?) I5 _( b! @( g73 Sweden5 _: p# l+ E* n1 O" O
740 Guatemala
. ^3 ]4 |' ]/ p741 El Salvador
8 [6 S2 B* s- ?7 z0 q6 p742 Honduras
3 I- a1 `5 n0 f) E2 H: k+ u* T743 Nicaragua/ H; I s6 Q1 B: p
744 Costa Rica
1 D2 r& Q; t% F& q- G9 D745 Panama8 x7 l$ ]/ E/ z+ z( h2 j. i
746 Dominican Republic$ ~, Z# \/ A& L' K4 h6 A
750 Mexico
2 k# Q5 r6 b3 s759 Venezuela
0 `# k* ]- x" l# H76 Switzerland, l* K1 B6 [& y4 [" w, p
770 Colombia
V# Z, K* J' n2 U9 r1 I; i773 Uruguay' F1 a' o8 O* I& s* x
775 Peru% ~" Q# E v0 y6 f6 x1 c4 t
777 Bolivia
; o" N/ ?/ A+ Y/ H- M8 P+ V, W; h779 Argentina% `, l; b9 v; E7 ~( t. [
780 Chile
- K7 B9 y% N6 g7 V784 Paraguay
" h' e, C2 {: I785 Peru
8 K S- h3 q/ Y3 u) F5 m! i786 Ecuador
Y+ M! F) _% W h; C0 U7 ?789 Brazil
& d. w4 l# J9 i, F* c80-83 Italy
2 Z, k/ n6 Z9 x/ k. a9 }84 Spain
( w, F3 ^9 O4 M2 E9 H3 X# Z850 Cuba+ y# G; T# ]# u: E0 \
858 Slovakia+ ]0 y! E3 K- _1 C9 e
859 Czech Republic: c3 @ g Q9 C$ X) Y
860 Serbia & Montenegro
9 _8 S4 L. R+ G; q869 Turkey2 \* x0 N, l) w! s$ S! o, X
87 Netherlands/ A7 a0 ]! n! W- \
880 South Korea: y4 Z: U% g. K* l2 A% V6 y- z; F# u
885 Thailand
0 X# y, B7 K, s8 w888 Singapore
4 e; h4 T1 M4 j F7 U& R890 India
1 `' D. b( q$ ~- y |3 Q893 Vietnam, Z1 J' y: S& q5 R! s
899 Indonesia
8 b5 H: b7 ]; W& T90 -91 Austria5 |: t$ b& g% e* ?% L4 \- S
93 Australia
3 f; O3 n$ r! X" {2 S8 y8 O6 a" }2 l94 New Zealand
/ j9 M# ]! F: s/ R955 Malaysia# P( V9 N7 d- b* G8 v
958 Macau
4 j$ z* k2 g% w5 m977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
6 q! T! U6 b0 b1 c* K. n7 O978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
1 i# r: u% H, w. d* D7 i979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)8 c$ D# F! n) L# F- M
& i' c8 O6 f0 w- r, T; y) CMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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