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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 % `0 u/ k+ k/ s( _% J
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# k( }" ^2 Y$ QCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?& |- ?7 s. ?" M
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.5 ?) D- I0 D' S$ }# W, [
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum." H0 ]$ D9 m' \2 r
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.! y" j W2 N* u- R! T* _
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
) w) B: y5 j# `: o9 O7 sThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
% J( N R J3 MThe country codes used are :; K8 N) l- W' g: q3 _# V2 F
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CODE \COUNTRY+ L# F7 V2 j4 k* z2 h
00-13 USA & Canada
( ?' X9 m8 |4 x1 B7 O" V* Q20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)3 o1 S0 H5 s0 o/ j
30-37 France8 @% N( K1 ~6 F# C+ ?( P
380 Bulgaria; H$ g( I0 V& t
383 Slovenia: L3 J& f- L, D& L
385 Croatia
) |7 Q! }$ [- M387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
# s$ m+ y- C+ v. v" \400-440 Germany% p/ H/ ]' _: w* z9 B5 ?1 {9 a- p
45 Japan
0 K$ z) a5 c. T% E6 ^46 Russian Federation
3 [& X- X6 E, O) y5 ~2 K471 Taiwan
, k) B! i5 m) U1 L `474 Estonia) q9 @* i; o: s8 e
475 Latvia1 O0 M* k* t. M
476 Azerbaijan, }5 k E) W* |
477 Lithuania; h W+ G3 d5 r( \0 T/ Y
478 Uzbekistan! c7 y- x6 a$ t1 S+ N' T
479 Sri Lanka
2 _/ ]. x$ D1 S! ^, w: K" T& g480 Philippines
( M& p* i! g& J6 |9 h4 R481 Belarus# B. Y( h2 ~4 A, q) p: w
482 Ukraine+ v2 w) P" H, N# k. t# c" g3 c
484 Moldova
5 h% Y6 {$ C+ ~485 Armenia! v' T8 d& i( P6 n6 v+ H% M, C
486 Georgia1 k7 @8 ^! e/ }/ R- [! u
487 Kazakhstan. L o, O* [# v) T& M, B' `; S
489 Hong Kong
, A" Q) y$ R- J% k$ X49 Japan% e0 L2 ~ W' Q J
50 UK
3 ^0 t- o9 N' o- h1 T520 Greece. v9 O" _ o/ J" t, Z( P; @
528 Lebanon
! t# k" z1 T' {# X9 ^8 `# y$ E% R Z529 Cyprus5 y* x9 V4 a( n5 \4 r5 Q% q1 q
531 Macedonia2 C8 r3 B8 R) Q$ n4 i. y
535 Malta& [# D2 R, M3 B z! I' I
539 Ireland
8 _% v. y* v3 [1 d) s0 ^$ N( h54 Belgium & Luxembourg
. L: o- B( [. | c560 Portugal# a9 `/ m5 d, b* z% a2 G
569 Iceland
, u8 d* z1 a; Q- ]- J57 Denmark4 I. L1 u" X- d! t4 Q' }
590 Poland, w: d2 L, a7 i+ \' f) e" b4 E3 k
594 Romania) L8 @: {1 V2 ~ a; T
599 Hungary
1 _8 ^/ f8 l* ~600-601 South Africa- ?% i4 r4 H8 `% Q. S& b( f
609 Mauritius
8 ^4 v+ m6 S7 L9 z7 N611 Morocco6 f- j" `) {2 K0 d" G
613 Algeria
' O R( C( p6 Z619 Tunisia' O3 L/ O) ]; R5 g/ ~* k
621 Syria% T8 \" K; V. Q6 n
622 Egypt% ^- Y4 m6 P* b, ]( U
624 Libya
$ z% R/ d1 n3 M5 E) M625 Jordan
, I# {( Y! q4 J' u8 a626 Iran+ c0 V3 b: E c
627 Kuwait* ?1 f0 k2 i. o4 E3 b! s
628 Saudi Arabia
( ]1 N4 c/ z+ l% M3 q0 {629 United Arab Emirates; U- S4 |+ m( k: H& G1 f
64 Finland/ M! ~) T7 H+ v
690-692 China9 h' s! ~- I8 W) p7 U9 T
70 Norway* O+ o5 W7 N- {" i
729 Israel' {) E( I, R7 @" }; v, P7 }4 P
73 Sweden
: R% p4 ?( r0 c$ z" o% l! E0 X740 Guatemala
' m: \$ F6 D' Y1 T) z0 I6 r3 y741 El Salvador
6 T& `8 p- ~, M* g742 Honduras
4 r0 b3 [+ H* D4 b* V5 l% a743 Nicaragua
K9 W' V% C- T$ O9 i, c) u744 Costa Rica$ {$ K! ]. T: L
745 Panama
2 m4 Y# l3 b0 s9 S746 Dominican Republic( K# _/ o) V' a0 y5 Z% f* `2 w
750 Mexico' _" Q! t5 W: g2 |5 O3 Z: [& ^
759 Venezuela1 N r1 @3 {+ a5 S2 q' O- j
76 Switzerland
0 S' E2 F+ m' m, {$ } ]+ `7 C2 f770 Colombia$ l/ F' Z' Z9 G% x
773 Uruguay
" S3 O' \- |; e, c' e( W( w775 Peru- N+ w# p2 i0 m2 w3 ]
777 Bolivia
9 }- S- L+ N7 c3 {# U; L779 Argentina
) J- [; N- b8 W- n780 Chile
0 b$ p4 |4 d4 Y W4 C! L# E784 Paraguay
2 {+ y6 h1 p" D785 Peru
* Q5 z! N) b( H) Q6 V0 ~786 Ecuador- \) _ R# B: U; ]
789 Brazil- q# L" a; _4 [7 T+ y' w
80-83 Italy% R7 C& G# ?8 l- [! {
84 Spain
/ T/ @* ?' v, t: B9 _" g% e% z850 Cuba$ Q p1 L7 G; w1 i R- N
858 Slovakia- W+ n: q5 I7 W. k5 F
859 Czech Republic4 e% G8 k+ \& c T* g8 o
860 Serbia & Montenegro" e" w& U5 Q( `' Q# c, v8 b, h
869 Turkey
2 n; e; H: z! `# `87 Netherlands! X& f4 Y# x* K4 h6 S
880 South Korea
2 `, d; \5 S/ [& x) J885 Thailand% \) K5 G) M& [ N
888 Singapore
- i7 l1 V' B- H. w4 ~. c890 India6 L+ W/ ~& r) }
893 Vietnam& L, |% [; B5 f& `5 K" h$ v+ ]* l# X
899 Indonesia0 u4 H* Y5 T3 y5 o
90 -91 Austria
7 k. X0 Y6 y. d93 Australia) n! C6 h, q, C, u9 O9 ~, C
94 New Zealand
# n& g0 w( B$ W, B" A/ |; V955 Malaysia n9 Z2 ?* Z/ {# Q+ ?7 ?5 S5 f4 O$ K
958 Macau
. ~# x/ v9 T( |. i/ w* D977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)7 A$ b, f3 t) `' J0 n7 K1 ]% B
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)$ _! {% R# ~& W% @3 ?
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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4 P; N% P1 c0 fMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm' a. c/ J1 L, `
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