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% z* x! }' a1 N& \1 k: a* q; R0 c: U 这个全：
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. b: \1 g+ q; x% w. `. H2 _ o: FCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?' F9 S4 ~, U$ Z4 T0 {
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
+ I( W- J9 S5 |/ `% `/ uBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
: d q+ w% T+ U2 _. J3 NThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.9 |8 T6 `# O* R8 l9 Q; E
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
% U, ^ d% u& x, O9 VThe first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.5 K8 S! ]) z7 o; Y- o3 p
The country codes used are :+ P. x; C( o* G. {2 t, b
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CODE \COUNTRY
9 E+ }) p* l/ a( u$ T00-13 USA & Canada O% x' m7 A( w! z2 _: V
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets): F* U) c) M9 G# _* s
30-37 France; T3 @ N% y5 t
380 Bulgaria0 f2 m. q( i6 W: C) x
383 Slovenia m. a$ I7 L. P; f: h6 Z" Q
385 Croatia: _0 M6 `3 v1 ?% @* ]7 H/ t$ A
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina) f. e+ f, N. r' u+ ?/ A# a' q: l# n
400-440 Germany
- A! p" B& w' d& p9 b( t3 K45 Japan5 b; _' G6 L5 g& E$ {( U& ]$ H, X5 X
46 Russian Federation
4 i5 \- U% M9 j* p471 Taiwan
$ b W# I# }- B474 Estonia
8 Z% Q3 @# w% v/ u" U& s475 Latvia
. W7 n% i8 Y/ x* {1 Q9 R476 Azerbaijan; C9 z L, J3 f' k6 S
477 Lithuania& g% u: s; J: ?7 r
478 Uzbekistan
/ T& n& n) S/ [/ B* R( r, r479 Sri Lanka- s9 I n* w& r, o
480 Philippines
, {0 B! D/ N+ j481 Belarus& N L4 r/ p6 @' s4 _+ d7 a
482 Ukraine: p% n' n; F4 a- {
484 Moldova( U$ `: Q; y" U9 K
485 Armenia
3 Q( e2 u3 `1 l& B* H486 Georgia
" D& ~8 `, H z& K( b! r* B487 Kazakhstan$ [4 A0 G" T0 z Q s( k4 t8 ?
489 Hong Kong2 r5 a. ]* {* A0 y+ I& k, K# @
49 Japan
0 m' A0 V5 j6 M50 UK
& e2 {- D& }/ B+ Z6 x2 G5 N520 Greece
* I; F0 G7 x$ i; y) D% Z528 Lebanon
7 R5 \8 x7 f3 n5 R i' ?$ c529 Cyprus* R- r6 p$ B4 ^5 V5 r2 B! j
531 Macedonia* v% S# w* U/ Z/ W2 }* M$ D
535 Malta
/ w0 I& y3 T3 }4 [" C# I539 Ireland& \+ M! _% I7 s1 X
54 Belgium & Luxembourg
. ~. R: `" E5 B/ y. W560 Portugal
0 ]; M) v' P: a569 Iceland5 s( W" L, O) V; }1 Q
57 Denmark8 a# U d6 U* ~' }
590 Poland4 m5 ]3 Y% B$ H8 E3 g0 Q
594 Romania
4 h0 p8 n; z) n6 r, Q599 Hungary
! |5 r+ v E t; q600-601 South Africa
+ \8 U" S' J. j3 ], }! W8 E609 Mauritius. l+ F+ x) [2 H9 a
611 Morocco
1 i; `6 x$ D/ z% E2 [+ m613 Algeria
5 ]3 V+ D" v; l619 Tunisia. v+ E" X0 l3 F) a
621 Syria
: Z+ x0 @# H% f$ O( _# a$ R4 R* t622 Egypt
8 P9 F" ]( h2 J- l' z6 ~624 Libya. X O) c# L2 o& X6 h: g
625 Jordan$ m& t7 j! V* Y/ \ o
626 Iran
: e, p& A& L, Y1 g/ J% k/ N: {627 Kuwait7 R# v, \+ l; g; v( w/ h' t8 V7 p1 y
628 Saudi Arabia
0 y, i! g/ N7 T% i629 United Arab Emirates
$ G1 a1 ?: G, U u) ?5 U) g6 J9 X5 {64 Finland
% u+ t" |7 k& z8 }# v690-692 China: o" b9 ?% d) U8 s; `
70 Norway
8 S e, c( R3 r' @729 Israel3 L* f3 I t5 S( ]- L2 W) g
73 Sweden
: Y6 |% M' |. t740 Guatemala+ j, H) B" W1 [! J
741 El Salvador9 C* E* x8 B5 F; ]/ b9 F" V
742 Honduras: Y% O2 [$ b7 [7 `! d0 b
743 Nicaragua" }6 ?' ^0 M) F) T& q- M: D
744 Costa Rica4 X+ N: h( F+ \
745 Panama
. v% V. f4 v& b4 J; U746 Dominican Republic
& m6 ?# z) d- {: f( A% b750 Mexico! Y( l( {7 m& f1 c; C, ^ W
759 Venezuela
3 w- ^+ ^# l$ l* A c76 Switzerland
5 Q5 O% x2 h2 S770 Colombia
( H3 ?9 H$ g3 [1 _. }773 Uruguay" e3 c/ m9 @- f$ i, H( [
775 Peru* ^- ^" Z& n% y# V9 T: e+ A$ K: \
777 Bolivia
/ `6 B$ z, h9 g: U4 T6 r- @5 r Q779 Argentina
' ], w$ D1 O7 Y+ l" U0 p780 Chile
. J6 i7 S( l% E: C4 Y. i! |784 Paraguay
& r3 R% z8 f! L u# x! D7 ]785 Peru
) P- U) a/ h- ]! T786 Ecuador ^3 m7 B. X, E5 Q7 v- D
789 Brazil
: H, r2 [% {" o80-83 Italy
; E5 B f( G+ u# {8 `! p1 E9 o1 d0 P84 Spain
2 a+ `* _% s4 z4 h' S850 Cuba
% c! d X. D$ \$ `- I- y858 Slovakia: K: S% _. Y" w/ y
859 Czech Republic' }0 h+ j) \% o. a K. N
860 Serbia & Montenegro
5 r/ J) L4 s, V869 Turkey
2 |! b2 @' Q; P$ c87 Netherlands
- D" B' Y/ `: {7 e- ]7 T880 South Korea
/ x9 h P+ `- {; N. y, t885 Thailand
) W3 f3 J. Z9 `. V. j! T+ d888 Singapore. D7 D8 ^- \( k5 v& B r
890 India# u; x0 ^/ c3 F9 c% Z6 f( b9 |7 i8 M
893 Vietnam
% X e* j8 B+ ~) u0 t899 Indonesia) J1 ^2 h* A& l
90 -91 Austria
3 N9 [- i2 q3 G: ^9 @$ p# j93 Australia
. L. }1 H8 `# S1 X; v& f' S0 e4 j" V2 i94 New Zealand/ S& e4 K3 h( @/ r( j
955 Malaysia
& z5 E- ]+ T/ |4 x- G2 P958 Macau6 b. Q2 O# \- _1 p; S
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)/ F! l Q' f3 Z; R4 N2 m
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
/ n, D. ] F$ T* {, G$ U/ ^979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number): y u0 I. Z) t) Z! Q
+ W- [# I8 ~; B1 NMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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