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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 K/ g" b/ Z3 @4 b& a. o
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. a9 ^2 c9 {; W6 D- P* iCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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% S. Q, ?" n& BBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
. c1 L3 q7 Y0 u* gBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
P$ p; L5 I5 D" _/ l# S* o. l# ?The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.5 X% d7 j: D0 `. Q: G
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.% x! z; d% M5 S' F
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
, H( P' ?& j j8 w# t5 o6 c R" Y7 xThe country codes used are :8 U e7 C9 h/ A) H0 ], ^
$ D. i) [: A% x2 g# aCODE \COUNTRY
/ Z4 A+ d! P. Y- E+ n00-13 USA & Canada
3 d3 V+ z- `9 ?, d9 v' `9 i0 u20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)2 O9 ~" @/ j2 [! {+ `0 S' N
30-37 France* P/ d& c2 E# [( e7 ]
380 Bulgaria6 O6 V! P( |; n5 a: V# _
383 Slovenia" Z5 o9 Z$ N2 D- v$ {4 n1 V
385 Croatia* R" O! a, ~; n
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina1 k5 L9 K' ?* T; E
400-440 Germany/ Q0 K3 z: S9 p! A6 l1 D8 u
45 Japan y! ?0 K3 l- A- s5 F
46 Russian Federation2 Z! p" M5 K% X5 x" Z# M" A+ h7 n
471 Taiwan
1 a$ h* N/ l U% k/ R; a474 Estonia
+ ~4 a7 E6 T) n1 ^2 M475 Latvia* O8 e& Q/ e# E$ [3 @6 C4 k
476 Azerbaijan* J) _3 w4 ?- q: X0 t
477 Lithuania6 o/ i3 b' G/ F4 ]; P! G
478 Uzbekistan& }. O9 z4 L: c4 S- C2 b' m" N
479 Sri Lanka
3 X- M: o" |0 J8 f& P: |1 _- F480 Philippines+ `% O8 o' y. L
481 Belarus* T: b: q9 u6 R
482 Ukraine. J {% ^ t+ M- B" }0 _
484 Moldova
3 G8 l# I, D# e+ p! B- Q485 Armenia
) V* b$ _/ u. \) i1 P486 Georgia6 p0 c4 i, T1 U& |! i* x# d
487 Kazakhstan
/ H* J- A, c1 N' G3 q* X4 c489 Hong Kong
5 T! `: V; h' y9 q3 ], c2 o49 Japan
0 j9 a: c# ~! R D# x50 UK8 ]) ]' h" p( f5 j" l
520 Greece2 Q9 j6 W4 |1 t# b+ o9 x4 b; l
528 Lebanon" r4 Z+ b T+ V
529 Cyprus
# t& Q f7 D. a* N- j+ D+ Z531 Macedonia. V6 o- d! c/ a& h
535 Malta
3 n; _% _& ]" n- v7 C7 A539 Ireland
& `- Y8 H4 U# u6 F% S- p# Q54 Belgium & Luxembourg1 O1 v0 e% ~# X2 i
560 Portugal. ]& T& K* C/ C& X/ i0 D- Q* L- z
569 Iceland, v! N; ~ W* L% {9 B6 v! o
57 Denmark; d! X2 G& |' o8 _( t4 \# T
590 Poland
5 |- m% C; M' u594 Romania
$ z, Q5 s# `! q; q2 X599 Hungary
9 T$ f% [3 E" h s1 B9 N( T$ i S600-601 South Africa
8 W$ f8 o8 n T609 Mauritius
0 j2 e3 L' T0 z% w. f+ u( }. `611 Morocco
. \& W% A- p; P4 W* A' t0 w" }613 Algeria
" R4 F9 X+ d* j" c$ m) k/ b619 Tunisia! J+ [ O1 j N9 M
621 Syria
1 S s( \) d+ |: l622 Egypt. D9 e a! L9 v( t9 w
624 Libya+ \7 Q5 J: m8 y. d! W; T$ I
625 Jordan& R7 E3 _/ {+ h/ q+ r
626 Iran
9 y0 E8 b4 b# n) n: \627 Kuwait
/ i2 w, D+ R/ U' n5 N; M6 a628 Saudi Arabia1 `4 S) I/ q! I) T9 f1 C2 W4 |
629 United Arab Emirates; Z+ W$ W8 J3 B$ M7 d: B
64 Finland
' h% Q2 o) P- L! e# [! e* l& c690-692 China. l$ L% G9 I, G
70 Norway: [$ r& T8 Q2 q F- X3 n% D
729 Israel! c# n4 V$ I. F) H8 c) Y- f# g+ z
73 Sweden8 G( [4 s; s( @6 C# S) L" H
740 Guatemala
% N1 \! U/ W, C8 c# W- O" x1 Z+ r741 El Salvador
) y8 O8 `" _5 o2 N3 h! ^742 Honduras( ~4 b8 U* V# S
743 Nicaragua2 `+ ^0 H3 |) U1 U( o4 z& k) i* m, H
744 Costa Rica2 p3 @4 Y6 {4 F) w
745 Panama( m0 O. m p& h9 o% s" w/ @( a
746 Dominican Republic' j% T1 g) i C# D' `" w r$ l
750 Mexico7 h) N" `" `* t( X+ _
759 Venezuela
( u- ~) G6 Q/ U6 z6 |' ~76 Switzerland7 |* e7 X7 S' U
770 Colombia$ @, v# S: w1 [ X
773 Uruguay" b9 F {7 ?0 S/ q
775 Peru1 ?1 m; M$ }4 M
777 Bolivia
) e' J6 Z7 \& W779 Argentina
. J/ U2 E' r G' i9 m: E# ~' X0 M780 Chile. C$ J+ N9 M2 k, Y7 X
784 Paraguay8 [) E( j+ U- ]8 R- a# ^
785 Peru
1 B4 y# t6 y, @7 e Q5 i786 Ecuador
% g4 N l7 h, {% g; Y789 Brazil6 T; k8 t* b; M; O4 _# a6 w7 B! w9 i
80-83 Italy% _, I. ~4 r& \
84 Spain
: G4 L5 k, t r" l850 Cuba& T0 ?$ w) F* P/ l: J1 z" r' \4 O, t
858 Slovakia6 Y: Y: L+ Y2 Z* |- Z0 B) R: Z& `* l
859 Czech Republic
& \- C/ d, M* v( H860 Serbia & Montenegro- n, S/ u7 ^% j) z0 C. t, R+ Q
869 Turkey
/ l4 p; \. b# p) I0 e. [87 Netherlands' ?3 N W9 A0 f; q7 s& E3 L3 Z% i
880 South Korea
/ M4 _0 {7 j. t+ p885 Thailand
. z! y7 f( J: ?888 Singapore
7 T, s. a! b f& w0 C890 India4 G7 w0 |: S T/ K# G# o
893 Vietnam2 Q. g& P& ^; X/ y2 H' C
899 Indonesia
' w6 {3 A7 |+ O; b" U9 A9 r90 -91 Austria
/ T0 J+ W3 D" Z0 M7 F) r93 Australia+ b! ?# I% ?$ w9 A. K1 t1 V" w( i
94 New Zealand
4 _0 }( C5 l* g" K* p, q955 Malaysia
( M/ [, B2 w8 y3 P' K. I3 V958 Macau! X8 d8 u" I) t% x
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals) `7 O; k; B0 S; D1 n2 J8 @; z' y
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
; Z% K/ _- O8 ]7 `$ A979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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! e2 f& G: r: Z/ F# i% Y0 f' Z# e7 uMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm9 p$ h+ ~1 w7 Z, m' o( n2 c! V
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