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谈英语俚语, l8 M! h* Z$ a( d6 D g- A
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯% i! J* k1 q5 z, M
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。
4 Z6 G: { g2 z- d若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!# a# v" [, O; {7 F- x: A
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(1) empty suit:
! d' v) L" V. ]# b% s指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。
4 Q, Y$ {5 }) b& \(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)
7 ^9 Z1 M* u: X0 r* H例如:7 `7 o: ]0 y, K e7 |
An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
% W5 d0 P4 @# y(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)" w' Z/ a0 s* @. M+ b! f
Mr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit. t7 W( D* l$ B# l( Z
(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)
4 j' ~1 D C, P虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:1 C! z1 e N% [5 p5 g: ]7 R y& N
The company is filled with a lot of empty suits.$ B7 M- t& Q7 `! @6 J3 s' t3 r+ j
(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)
) V; h0 H: s* }5 F(2) fair-haired boy:
/ f% k: P* c8 R$ Z+ z! \! }! d1 c指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
+ e, S" B# I2 H(通常用单数,当名词用)
2 `1 L8 p; c3 T+ p+ }0 G+ Y% z6 b, n例如:; j: n- }5 |5 m% ~
Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.
, T, o9 k: m J8 z( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)
5 R! g5 G4 P. l7 vNot being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
' d% V- E X0 n" K+ w4 J& ^(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
9 ]7 g1 `/ B2 g$ Q' u有时也可用复数:2 T1 C( |8 u" o1 Q( B o% N
Mr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet. @( C5 b# W1 n. ?: y9 _% _" S( o
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)+ ~! s9 w+ G8 Z u' _: Q
Fair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.
' [, y. B3 h( Q# N+ ^- T(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
7 v% c7 W) Z# u, h# d' M# X) N0 s(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)
7 v* E7 _) \: h8 x- P! ~(3) fishing expedition:
. p3 d3 q# x6 {5 \" z6 B9 t; K为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)
# K! {8 e( W! }" ]- K. B0 p(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)3 x% W7 l' Q6 B
例如:7 j" j0 p' M5 i; Q) o: ^9 ?
The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.* F: ]8 i! H$ M' D9 N+ H9 A
(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)
, U4 c: ^" ?8 G* BThe police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.) J; x, y+ x! ?6 J5 _
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)
+ Y# {# ], w( j% ?(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)' v* N, R7 d. _+ u$ Q9 N
The reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
2 P5 z' }* a0 I) |$ q, v" V(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)$ W7 r Z, h. Q' G" F# @" U7 I& ]
偶尔也有人用复数:. o# Q* o, y; y' k; ]$ @3 w
Several fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.: Y& T9 ~ E; Q {+ I+ |3 |
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。). {7 M# [" U- c, P7 [6 d) o7 l) y
(4) filthy rich:$ L% P2 {! W3 ]% T# K2 J6 D0 I& o3 p
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)" S, |+ H" t0 N9 G6 @, n- c6 C
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)
; b" B( S T4 R4 \7 n多半当形容词用。例如: X- F. z9 {' m0 Q% a/ z- f
With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
* X2 Q( s" q z' A6 Y3 ?( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
# b! d$ i1 j3 k& nDespite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.) C" h. F( c4 h9 t2 X$ e: L
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)6 o$ i q# i! l
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
5 h [, O3 \; E" O2 B, q(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
! s1 y- ^ P" XFilthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.& N: k! E6 M, r4 |" m( T
(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)
* K2 A1 R1 e) s$ \(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
- ~( Q& b) x# ~- h(5) fairy godmother:& O" y& Y/ H* o# ]! N
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)
4 Q5 X I8 {1 n4 [; i(多半指有钱的女人)
: V4 _# \* V# U' @$ ](这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:& \8 C0 A% i0 A& v9 `. C
Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars./ l2 I" M4 p' @9 q
(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)' d; _9 x0 o6 d
After lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
& j7 E3 }) Y, q+ H" `' |+ f(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)
1 N v1 V3 y6 K: J有时也用复数:
9 @, I8 n3 b9 Z) DOnly business women can act as fairy godmothers.
+ W4 O% |" E1 ?' L/ ] U(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)
0 Q7 {) t5 a; ?* y4 ~1 {* n- r2 Y! q6 aIn Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
7 ~8 m9 A; G3 ]1 x5 N& r& `(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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9 A5 q7 Y4 C' j! @; U, J9 V: `4 X6)eye opener:
9 V6 I3 u% q" V* M' `3 }指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
2 }& [" u: x& ~. ?: a( `2 t1 A(当名词用;通常只用单数)
- v8 R* D. q- ?2 x0 Y例如:' _! ]6 X$ B$ q/ P8 _/ ~! l% z0 K
Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
8 K v& f% u' F(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
* T, c; U8 |9 ]' c, s) O# b5 dMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.
2 C4 A2 j: [# c1 [' h, i) L7 e(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)5 C5 s- t2 P( W) I3 c* R2 V: F7 h" l
The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants./ ^$ C( Q' g# D1 V
(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)$ \* u E; U" M. Q/ \, a, q# ?
Some American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.+ p) K% P6 _% J( v& O; A
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
, F( Y9 M! R' ]+ t) t(7) hot dog:
" s2 \( O9 {; u6 B. c1 |指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)
, ?# P \1 ~$ U+ r. H例如:0 X/ [* Z8 [4 Q- k v5 V
Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.# s- p/ b q+ y$ R4 F: k/ L
(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)- @9 P# p% z( H
(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)4 O; v/ q3 ~7 N; x* I
In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
' j) _4 c* h) Z$ u, K(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)$ `6 H' i7 j9 h' r' P3 [
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
' p4 D0 \& t. [; v8 ~0 cDuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.
9 a }3 |9 ]' A: A(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)1 M) f/ h; E8 t. @; b1 [2 M
也指真正的热狗食物:
( `% @% I4 { \. V9 ~; f5 W3 jThe hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.$ a8 U# [( e' w3 G* l/ s
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)) O1 B4 X6 a+ t9 G) w" y
也可表达欣赏的心情:
; t5 `+ V! D1 D4 i' E2 pHot dog ! What great news for me.
0 q. P+ Q: @, D8 j(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
2 e$ D3 w% o0 k1 p% A9 M(8)eager beaver:4 v) X3 ?. x o& M; [
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)
6 F X" b9 f6 O/ U: p7 W6 o: S" o0 D(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)' N6 B! J: S' N& I5 k6 i# ^
(当名词用,可指男女)
# L; ?" m4 B- C& @ G6 ~* o1 n0 n例如:' X! x/ A8 t8 ^9 B+ E9 Z
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.7 `; H& h8 J& y% M
(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)
/ ?' _! @. p8 m4 \" |: SBeing an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.
+ j0 ]/ J2 l6 L1 }# w3 Q3 G$ N m/ g(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)$ l8 S2 |. s/ b! F
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?
0 ?) i4 d9 b8 F5 H5 u(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
) K/ g# B% u+ m. T% W- y2 hYou may find some eager beavers in any organizations.& f% @3 [+ M% q+ X$ T" q8 ]
(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)# {" c# `) L* Q
(9)doubting Thomas:- T# ?. W* `) P5 O' c
这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others): v- l, t1 ?8 v8 L1 X
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)
) {/ K9 u# ?, i) o4 ^(当名词用)
; F) u* `7 r- t/ f2 @5 R例如:
- Q1 M6 ?( C. {" aI am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.4 }$ o# i D! D% c: B# ]
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
& b% x% i, g3 |2 C* Q5 ~' jThere must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.5 P6 B# d$ k: @ |: S
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
& h' m3 `! U* z. g7 [( p; V也可用复数:
: x: ^, R$ c$ H- p8 s2 PMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.7 l% C2 h- r3 }8 ^% P' d& u6 A
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)' ^; [% _/ K) v
If there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
$ Q, u! ]6 Q' u4 P% w( h2 k(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)5 W# b* h, I& u0 C6 z
(10)dragon lady:4 z( s- ?- V, |5 s4 h
指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
: n$ _- i: r9 [9 Y例如:; y3 |; p M3 {& x
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
2 s0 _! n: F3 F* v6 @(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。) g2 K, p+ I9 M8 v# c5 Q7 h
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.
a( X- Y# X& _* v' K. j! p(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)3 c8 {& C6 _3 j5 T- N
Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?& ?0 r6 o' A6 O [0 Q$ F6 k) b+ d G
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?) F V2 C% {4 |( B" ]$ m
也可用复数:
2 D9 L: u* r$ U; d! YThere may be many dragon ladies in our community.
! b. E. M3 Y; `3 ?3 D# Z(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)3 j$ @# b/ U/ R1 L
注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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