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How to figure a home's fundamental value
4 g0 ]3 E! y$ Y% `+ [8 J `Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.- z4 o- j; p% @$ f( R
0 w* d% m# _" g. a9 `$ i6 GNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.; |& U' A" b/ l
, i7 X7 N2 B% b6 D1 Q; j0 LLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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, B u" e: E+ \' }+ e0 gTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.7 i; B7 p( g# g7 b. h" f$ R" r
6 ?4 A! y( [9 v } ~% W0 ?, L3 cSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.3 q+ R6 g; J8 A% H% G
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
: Y V- a2 S/ o+ x3 f* JNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.- p2 K- t8 e6 w
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. 5 j+ p: f) t' K: h
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming., Y3 C* s9 `$ ^5 |8 v9 n4 T5 L
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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* K3 i1 |% {: L+ n9 S9 l Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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7 |) |; b+ h4 Q ^5 o4 nBoston 20.5 30.2 / @7 Z9 A$ ?' h8 G6 Z9 ~6 y
San Diego 22.8 29.7 ( ]2 N: `; i( Z4 j1 p' u
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
; q& P/ S6 [+ x+ R, x# L' u$ vLos Angeles 21.3 25.6 ( G: C. Q1 S2 V5 Y+ q$ _
Seattle 20.4 25 * Q+ L2 W7 L4 e6 l6 B/ V% _
Denver 17.7 23.7 1 @1 `; s: s H3 H2 w) w k: v* S& P
New York 21.2 22.5
. X6 q2 Y; D- w$ bChicago 17.2 20.8 ' b! M7 n9 i; {$ w9 x/ ~5 `' a3 Q; \
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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3 `- Q1 Z6 K4 M/ D( kIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.) b/ d3 V9 i7 K" A- q1 ^
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: \* E( @; A$ Y; RFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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