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How to figure a home's fundamental value
, q3 D( `' O- ~3 J. d: S! F, u' v% F- uLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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+ | n; R/ U' _$ W$ gNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.- _0 Q7 r4 ?% M l9 \
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:$ W9 W @( x4 @; T
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.2 T1 D' G: L* q3 N/ j- I1 R
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
% `0 t0 N; M6 H. KNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988., U. r" p; ?) c' F
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming./ M, }6 x- f1 }6 I, b& `! J/ b
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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# S# Y! v: v7 c Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas $ [7 B8 V' x. D" w8 M
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 1 T9 t7 A8 `9 W* d
Boston 20.5 30.2
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. c0 b/ l( F2 a$ _) ?* pSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 4 p& h, g) R6 O- L
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
, F+ B/ Q9 E- `# G' L' ?Seattle 20.4 25 " V% B8 L+ C/ h) x" G! l1 P- f
Denver 17.7 23.7 8 K' L+ Y/ `& ]; }
New York 21.2 22.5
. u# t3 m5 D# F4 S/ U. M& s0 fChicago 17.2 20.8
0 x; B- o6 q( `% \3 k% M' O* TWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 ) W) h' _: Y7 K" {3 n# V6 p0 |
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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* o. Y Q5 R) I8 ~" | NFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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