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How to figure a home's fundamental value
% q7 Z- o" s5 l2 aLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.) b! s! Q1 ? l" r6 `& ?. Q7 J
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.$ T1 M+ P% a5 w) X
3 Q4 ?/ s8 H3 ~" y s/ `To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:/ G& ]0 m/ ]- U; R8 I
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|0 w( K5 D) X3 t, D; V8 C6 TIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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0 t# r4 i) p, L* N5 mSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.9 d0 ?; ~% _, k
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
; c5 I& d i- \ dNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
T$ ?5 t# [$ z& K q# N8 K4 tYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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5 b9 H( M" {' _" P7 HIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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/ g3 D6 z7 b( `If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.$ z0 |6 y: V7 n( B+ Y* v
7 z6 {' ]2 n# l$ c Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 5 c. d, k+ {- W L4 a' f
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 4 ^9 {: h2 @( [* b3 m6 q. j' ]
Boston 20.5 30.2 * ^. ~. P6 c4 n+ O2 B/ z+ ~, G
San Diego 22.8 29.7 0 w! l% ~. V; B5 N3 T
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
3 O+ b4 A* m \- q7 I% RLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
p. W% H( k, t$ t7 FSeattle 20.4 25 " y* y* A" Q3 N9 `( o
Denver 17.7 23.7 5 O: s3 M8 i# u$ ?6 ?
New York 21.2 22.5 ! }% _# I3 ?5 t% k, `; A
Chicago 17.2 20.8 2 |) X7 J; P, U. T# s4 P; t
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 l+ |- C0 A% H0 f p
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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