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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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4 B' h! m7 l7 w' \1 UJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China- N1 f7 a& d1 R. e- _ p
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of8 S1 L# \) l8 Y: F1 l5 n
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China. Y& h0 ]# O6 h' K
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
+ z. R# d8 [, M- J' P: b* CFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.- o9 }' j1 k# ?. M" |& N3 ^
0 R3 u( s- a" TSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
5 B3 n% m% U9 P+ GReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20183 N% {' M. r4 R7 x& b- h
Published online 26 January 20189 T' j, n) R' r' n7 \3 f2 u$ Z
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( A5 l% ^4 y9 LAbstract
/ d+ v% o3 H: e0 j( q* V: n; c7 p" dJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
/ g8 z" e; W2 j+ E' E! aDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
& K- c/ a: D- s- w7 c* TTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been* `% ]' T* D8 S! N& R
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
! B3 o: D" l- ^) X- fonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific1 i2 x3 Y* n+ z N$ _8 h8 V, `% }
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly0 [# h* F7 h/ N; O( M( @! a& @9 ]
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
/ Z( i# X$ D* V Dtranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
/ |) {: e0 R6 D/ `9 o4 Oscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
7 R9 Z0 V4 U0 ]2 K* y# D- p. u5 R9 {and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
/ P, Q% c2 q z0 E5 P4 Nstandardization of the scientific terminology translation, A9 |4 {/ T4 j, j4 Y5 D! l, @
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien# a: N) v( L$ K! z+ a8 U
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
0 X; S* v: N/ a: N+ \0 T2 Uof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
4 h9 Y, A* V+ F" y- p; @the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way8 L3 p! Y* D. w" m
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
4 M: i3 ~0 K3 w6 {9 P2 Mthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
Q2 J$ o2 a4 N+ `' U, O& j% ^great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
. h! ~2 P3 _+ {/ I8 ^+ y6 jterminology.
+ Q6 J1 v6 W8 gKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;- q0 B% V) Q7 l
Standardization of terminology translation+ W3 k* b+ u* z- U; [+ R
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to: H2 [3 @! {+ Q
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern. ~6 ~7 S- ^5 t
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
' D4 |. A* _' \0 }( Ffrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
' _9 d9 C# E3 b- d* NDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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+ @; t" y* X5 K* u6 f$ d* ]INTRODUCTION" r: D! s6 v! C+ |# ^- S
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and7 c7 a7 M ^ ]
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).6 o- ~8 N9 c5 U" t' Y; u% S
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
, ~+ E. d" V/ ]Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
; N& k( Z6 j' L- h. e6 s* Z. `' t; o" MSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed7 |. R, B- i' c
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as9 F0 F) _! o6 K# {
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
! V( X9 k$ t5 u: V5 w" ]. uhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
' ]4 W$ c% q$ ^. D1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific+ Q7 X8 q5 w9 m0 K
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
s( K# g8 O5 ^3 {/ @/ KFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
& S* I4 v& ]8 H9 |- a2 a9 h+ \* d8 VNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
2 o% ]1 y o' |7 gto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant3 i# @- _: U) V6 ?7 Z& n& \$ d
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
9 k' m8 ?# }" K7 a1 u5 r( orevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,7 n/ y; c+ e4 f) Z( W2 H
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
. z( q9 }1 y: }8 R/ J' F: ibooks that made him the most productive one among the; o8 r" |6 p. I4 g. q! `2 W' h
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,- m8 ^- V! _6 v9 a; y- e
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
4 h: Z6 `' U; r, M% D4 Ynoble work which could help accelerate the process of
( w) V- Y/ R0 S3 lpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
& A; a# M+ H) f( oIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer, W% J- E9 i6 _" z# `% H- f
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western! }, w# ?# E7 y" w; ^8 G
science and the standardization of translated scientific
4 L" u# n8 ~4 |2 V# Oterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
) a* i% o# Q i4 amagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
, x: l; \! _, u0 F2 hestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another1 p$ |% l9 J$ U; H: L! i- a
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series% k& P# w3 o* Z/ w
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in& Z; F b2 a" t0 z
Modern China.
- L& z1 t5 r. p" MAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published/ s% O) ]& x: s4 J- G: M' f7 K2 F
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of/ H1 g7 z" J8 c6 z
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing+ R; a# _- I. Z/ S7 ~! a
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
5 b6 `( Z @; ]John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and: b' {2 l1 s. S, \* ?5 S7 z
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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