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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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+ N; h# I3 E- ?: N" Y. W: RJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
2 X, N! Y' H. X5 Z* H0 ]YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
' R; g5 _* ^& E7 I; U2 P8 lFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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$ ~: V9 {1 w$ h# e6 ^LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of( m y$ d8 p7 g
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.+ f$ n5 v4 E, m5 a
; s2 o3 q) h1 S! e: a: v) \Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .$ p) Q# M f; q- P
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018& X: \5 r4 z) ^5 W6 K2 n x
Published online 26 January 2018
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Abstract
9 X3 W& v* X+ K; lJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing8 T! o6 v: S) W x" a. [
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The, f* z/ [; F2 c4 [0 @
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been! ?6 i, R; K! ?5 f# c
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
2 J7 x( I! v% J2 eonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific3 \) t" X* d: q# \
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
7 P4 ^6 d7 O, r6 a# Bto the standardization of the scientific terminology4 B; U( k8 t1 H' `
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s- O1 F$ Z# Z T4 d
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,6 G: W0 v$ ~ C
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the1 U- Z$ R. o9 e; y9 @6 {
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
+ ~3 P( l; e2 T. Win Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien4 N( \+ S4 q* p, \* d
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
; H: c" B' L9 i- F8 ^9 T# Sof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
2 {9 d \% a: t( S3 _the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
8 O( J- l8 u) S t6 L6 ufor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and! N# ^2 p* X/ q8 O l6 G9 a* q( h
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a W9 H- ?* G& d
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
8 ?7 X& b( g3 Wterminology.
7 v' ^/ K5 c0 pKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
5 C' ?& W* h2 x% M- VStandardization of terminology translation# P& q7 y) g" W& [0 Q7 g
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to, O }% t* V8 w: H" ^, d7 V# w
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
2 D0 l2 N+ L$ ?! ?& fChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available$ l( Z+ a# z5 I$ x
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/ p: w1 k" b/ t6 M3 V9 J
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/102130 |* ^. z3 [" t9 f
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INTRODUCTION
( L- |+ q/ ]: K. S2 LJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
8 E" ~9 \! E# I6 e ca great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).( b) F7 W9 {6 H9 f% r
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
1 u$ X$ S5 u1 A9 [Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
9 g! \# }8 Z' q6 Z+ h' TSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
' B. w- g1 ~/ h, x3 oby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as7 o2 B7 {' q+ F2 v
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on' F4 z/ t; \/ y) Q, I0 P
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
: z4 E2 [( \9 a {) v9 M8 k, ?7 H1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
6 D# T+ J! l) ?2 Pworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,4 ~$ l* a9 k1 t2 n, {
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.. i) B: `/ b. G' k0 `' n
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
0 M* s/ ^0 E$ j. mto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
o1 |) c0 f- D: v* jwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,3 Q& S5 f3 g; f5 C5 M, b
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,- ^& v* g$ {' v
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western o4 j- D5 p, k1 _5 t
books that made him the most productive one among the% D% w+ d4 d& u1 X# K4 W; e
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,& m$ @/ E$ D9 r! j3 I! d; a! ]6 E
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
. |. v3 J6 P+ k- d0 h5 x1 Jnoble work which could help accelerate the process of
3 ?3 ~6 W6 d Q' xpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).- D& ~- p& A, f2 n+ T& J
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer9 x7 j9 ^( f ?' c+ i4 X; [
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
& h/ d6 R) }8 p/ j+ U2 E9 Hscience and the standardization of translated scientific
4 i8 r( A. c+ Pterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific6 `" _* E& r& D4 i! W3 @
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the* R0 n0 V) g+ ^+ n+ t
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another# t& V, c# p7 G8 @. h/ ]9 ~4 ]5 W" y
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
- [8 n. y7 a5 @+ [of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in! P& Y/ Y5 K# }* _+ u; x( Q
Modern China.0 J$ _5 {& u: ]# X) M
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published- t. Q$ a2 x$ S/ \8 C
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of R$ N' ~. A. a6 @6 k; c
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing& E: s7 U6 g. f1 @% r
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In7 r) Z" N Y, j. {3 }% b: j
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
) E. V( y- }! I+ ETechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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