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, C, G! W4 Z0 g0 U. Ohttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China5 I) C! Y( S1 [! J G# n
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of" A! N' s# H- K+ U- W- l$ y
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China., _" A ^5 G% [' [! J& r
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
$ Z7 G/ N' x1 b7 W. o2 N, SFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .1 @2 G; F+ ]2 f7 @) X8 O/ [2 C. `) e
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018& b) z5 O" v0 m/ Y& j3 O, s
Published online 26 January 2018
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Abstract
5 z( i5 Z$ V* t, z7 aJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
# y' {4 m1 ~# Y' S/ N5 W2 [ HDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
3 ^/ i# u; m/ n Y7 F/ E6 JTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been3 Z+ n; W( k. D& G% w% t4 O+ k
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not5 v/ [6 B$ y- i: E
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific! c. ? _4 c4 b; n/ g1 ?/ q- }# I
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly, u& Z- u) B2 {' x) r& a
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
8 J9 [7 ~# x3 b2 P1 t' [% Btranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s$ a) ?- r! i; S l2 O9 k! s0 g
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
. t4 T6 n; m+ D/ U# d3 I3 uand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the- e I7 @* |- R) M4 S2 w
standardization of the scientific terminology translation; k9 Y# B' w* D. |4 d2 c
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien# w1 u# ~8 m+ H2 s$ k" U P$ R8 T* n
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
$ J B# y, t) S6 w& s; [; W/ g& Hof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring7 v- i- Z. F) ?, }) a
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way( f( W2 U" a8 j4 g
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and7 N0 H A; Y* R* z
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a/ w7 B- O, ~8 e; b, \
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
5 R: O( j( ]9 \6 }terminology.
) `: |' C4 l: X$ w7 i" T: XKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;) m9 R; j# f; J# B+ A
Standardization of terminology translation
! j6 w! G# k9 ~# [ } dYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
( Z" i# i1 n% M0 I; ^Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern9 t* q l, T, {( I
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
C3 J' G, N* `0 r: \( [ zfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
# m7 s! {* i# o* {& H- i3 P* u0 B6 MDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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& o7 g" D5 a! ~# R8 CINTRODUCTION
* N3 D1 O. Z9 l3 e5 a9 E$ d0 |) y6 O# \7 lJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and _4 x" e4 u/ M9 h' \
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
# I% p; `2 ~' P/ f! Y }3 F" yDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to4 D- o/ p3 }* ?3 ?* Z1 f$ q8 ~
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
# x& |+ `% x( d. z! USt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed! x: P5 U- L# p; e, m/ S, ?/ B3 T7 L
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as' a$ Q8 {4 R4 E7 ~
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
& x' y/ m" g% J- b) D) |his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
* d+ C! K+ d! B- _# {4 P1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
) {, Y' P% e$ t( [5 }1 `works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
# _0 }3 m- w Z, XFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
- r- o& @& X0 w5 n' z7 n) t+ r) }Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated; T) M8 n+ {7 w2 o3 S" y
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
- D$ @4 q1 j4 Z$ Q3 x3 Ywould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,+ P4 ^9 B/ q$ o3 \; S
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
& l' {3 G) v4 R+ e, {Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
! Z1 f- x8 q* [7 o V! Wbooks that made him the most productive one among the/ \7 U6 R0 ?+ J, ~9 _
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer," M/ f: W+ z! `2 f
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a1 p8 w6 s5 L, Q. z6 e4 H8 Z
noble work which could help accelerate the process of ?# s% b- g+ x+ K! |$ z X
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
9 q) t9 P3 t+ P* j' EIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
/ }# H$ M N, V& |' l% calso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
6 Q( \( u7 W1 u& w3 s; F, i: gscience and the standardization of translated scientific$ w' l% U" n$ X
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific2 d: I7 p* Z9 U
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the% o; |9 m- ^/ ]' ~ H+ Z& e/ ]
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
- ]5 S7 A' |$ Z, u. t( A% p1 `0 c Icontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series% H2 G- y. v+ j% l5 A
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in+ Q% k; h+ j4 g1 H6 ~# }
Modern China.
4 \& r4 v- j/ X* c' tAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
. H, U& F2 _6 z7 C5 V( ]8 aThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of3 R* W! b2 {) J$ I( x. r2 O+ Y
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
$ F* w8 `+ [* ?% W8 J' F8 E1 Ua lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
# l4 Q: C8 V& U ] c9 W! IJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and" z$ ~; ^" c# ?
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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