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6 `+ a' t- U7 z$ l$ [http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688, g1 g& s( Y$ a% F- n
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
) ^. U/ G4 |7 z% sYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
! H. ?7 D2 `* }# {% [Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.2 O3 d+ F4 x: Q6 W! p2 J
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of( K( W! y% O6 ?# g: o0 ~
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
+ s$ O3 X. O- P: x, ]: `9 v( X" e( |+ ^
" Q/ l; |/ g/ a7 f: Q* ^Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) ./ }3 \. {9 L4 S2 O. t
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
/ o4 M f) n" n g5 APublished online 26 January 2018) f, [3 e' e5 V, h) z4 Z7 E1 j" [
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. i& ]# W' I6 l+ N* c5 RAbstract( Q: h1 q- t0 g- Q* O1 L" Z
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
y( J0 v9 ?3 H$ o# mDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
( z. m9 Q8 }' t' w9 W! I. }Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
, u4 x Y" Z$ C( a. o5 Uengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
7 Q! C4 g1 ?0 U+ K: jonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific
4 p& X, I. t; ]# ~works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly' J3 m ^" G& i# H
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
6 u2 b0 Y6 F6 [4 w5 Ntranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
7 [" l/ J; F' w3 s. n, Jscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
# W: v8 p" ~ G6 i. {% G9 c" Nand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the# |$ \" V$ K& s0 K2 _. {/ s
standardization of the scientific terminology translation7 C8 f( Z. U. R! `
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
& Y: |7 l# u* V2 K' She established had helped greatly with the popularization
$ z J# a8 p9 N2 |1 q% N+ |of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring; Q/ q+ V/ ~5 w/ d
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way- w8 Z& }6 ^# L. [- _4 Z0 V
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and T3 N/ l4 V" s/ S& E
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
8 W" d# w( x) U2 I2 o1 kgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
! F9 t3 O/ E! k! Nterminology.
. x+ P f( A+ N5 U( x sKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;1 o9 o, R2 R5 a: W$ Q3 g
Standardization of terminology translation
% T* p5 W2 V$ f; O6 \' O; ?Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
/ n# B* H: a. S: S9 PStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern% Y' V1 F. t% b+ r
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available- ^- r4 u9 C; |+ O2 f$ k, q# g
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102136 [2 G" t1 {8 a
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION
, ?. g/ ~- o) EJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
! H( Y$ U; x0 c9 N/ ya great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
: E3 A0 m$ U! R1 _Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to0 i9 r% K6 F2 C
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
3 ~' y2 Y9 c0 K& c! KSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
# X5 q4 _' ^3 C2 Qby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
4 j1 X/ p2 L) @3 dan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on2 T; o# Y6 \$ T2 e2 ]2 h% i0 ?
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
1 X! L% T7 s- P. E+ E( W1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific0 {6 T3 ?) O& O, Z8 \. k) J
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,4 S4 ]+ `" E$ j% U
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.- ^" L% { B0 x: H
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
% z# q7 C+ X( k4 ?1 Cto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant% Y3 T' w/ P5 }5 ?& E8 c, i7 I# I* e
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,. {; X. |* a! n Z
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
: O9 ~) Q! p4 ?Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
9 t+ L) J) n) p7 g: ]! b8 }books that made him the most productive one among the
" d7 j. a9 b4 ~8 sforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
* \, Q. A# ^( J) Ktranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
3 H N2 l3 H3 k9 u- R: r$ g$ Jnoble work which could help accelerate the process of
s2 R* L; C$ k/ speople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).! P! y. v+ m6 d: E, o8 y0 r
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer! m2 A M% j$ e
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western1 L: Q+ t2 W' `2 m3 G" e
science and the standardization of translated scientific& y# x6 @3 e' S! ^5 v' ~! P
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
" q# L4 l$ V, ]* g! S0 z* fmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
$ y/ ?5 V6 L0 c, P0 Westablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another$ k' ]' h/ G- ?3 Z
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series2 Y V* S9 ^1 s/ X* Y
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
4 ]7 |2 u) W9 x/ \Modern China./ j4 O8 Y$ u7 E' A( ?( L! k
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
' L& k/ U1 g9 k+ F' SThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of2 U, ~+ D* g- ?6 u
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
7 t3 }, V3 V# s/ _9 S# N, Ka lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
5 ]% n# t" @ U* {+ s! Q& b, `John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and; H4 g. Q6 \9 n1 P8 m) y
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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